In this paper we present a tool for description, and for simulation of dynamic system. Our starting point is the aggregation concept, which was developed for multicriteria decision making. Using a continuous logic operator and proper transformation of sigmoid function we build positive and negative effects. From the input with the aggregation operator we calculate the output effect. This algorithm is comparable with the concept of fuzzy cognitive maps. We show this new technique, which could be much more efficient then the FCM. INTRODUCTION Handling sophisticated systems we face serious difficulties, because we have to approach dynamic systems. Modeling a dynamic system can be hard in a computational sense. In addition formulating a system with mathematical model may be difficult, even impossible. Developing the model requires effort and specialized knowledge. Usually the system involves complicated causal chains, which may be nonlinear. It should be mentioned to, that numerical data may be hard to get and even uncertain. Our approach overcomes the above mentioned difficulties. It is qualitative approach, where enough to know rough description of the system and not necessary deep expert knowledge. First type of this approach proposed by Kosko (Kosko 1986; Kosko 1992; Kosko 1994), and called Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM). FCM's are hybrid methods lie in some sense between fuzzy systems and neural networks. Knowledge is represented in symbolic manner, states, processes and events. All type of this information has numerical values. FCM allows to performing qualitative simulations and experiment width the model. Compared FCM either expert system and neural networks it has good properties as it is relative easy to use for representing structured knowledge and the inference can be computed by numeric matrix operation instead of applying rules. BASIC CONCEPT OF PLIANT COGNITIVE MAP (PCM) In this paper we make closer the FCM concept to the real world modeling. We will use the cognitive maps as a formal way of representing knowledge and modeling decision making, which was introduced by Axelrod (Axelrod 1976). Kosko used fuzzy values and matrix multiplication to calculate the next stage of the concepts representing by cognitive map. Instead of values we will use time dependent functions like an impulse function representing the positive and negative influences. Another improvement is dropping the matrix multiplication concept, because on one hand it not works using continuous logic (or fuzzy logic), where the truth value has 1 and the false is 0 as usually used and the negative effect build by negation. The other hand more general operators could be more effective. Logic and the cognitive map model correspond each other, and much more easy for the expert to build up and construct the system and from the identified system extract the knowledge. Combining cognitive maps with logic can avoid many of knowledge extraction problems instead of rule based system. The classical knowledge representation in expert system is made through a decision tree. This form of knowledge presentation can not model the dynamic behavior of the world. The cognitive map describes the whole system by a graph showing the cause effects along concepts. It is a directed graph with feedback, that the world as a collection of concepts and causal influences between the concepts. From logic point of view the causal concepts are unary operators of a continuous valued logic, which may negation operators in the case of inhibition effects. The value of node reflects the degree of the activity of the system at a particular time. Concept values are expressed on a normal range denoting a degree of activation rather than an exact quantities value. The inverse of the normalization could express the values coming from the real world. In spite of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps we do not use thresholds to force the values between 0 and 1. The mapping is a variation of the "fuzzification" process in fuzzy logic, but this destroys getting the possibility of quantitative results. In pliant logic we use only continuously strict monotonously increasing functions, and the inverse function always corresponds the real world values with the logical values. In FCM the causal relationship are expressed by either positive or negative signs ordered by different weights. As we mentioned this will be replaced by unary operators. Let {C1,...Cm} be concepts. Let define over the concepts a directed graph. A directed edge from concept to concept measures how much C


With the research methods of interview and logic analysis,the paper discusses the current appraisal of special professional skills in sport industry in Chongqin and finds out that there are two levels of profession qualifica tion certificates in Chongqin,i.e.,junior and senior levels,and the trainees are mainly staff in the sport field and sports major in universities.But there are problems of insufficient publication,relevant policies and weak develop ment of teachers.The paper proposes the development strategy so as to provide references for the sustainable devel opment of the appraisal of special professional skill in sports industry in Chongqin.


The effects of Nanosecond Repetitively Pulsed (NRP) plasma discharges on the dynamics of a swirl-stabilized lean premixed flame are investigated experimentally. Voltage pulses of 8-kV amplitude and 10-ns duration are applied at a repetition rate of 30 kHz. The average electric power deposited by the plasma is limited to 40 W, corresponding to less than 1 % of the thermal power of 4 kW released by the flame. The investigation is carried out with a dedicated experimental setup that allows for studies of the flame dynamics with applied plasma discharges. A loudspeaker is used to perturb the flame acoustically, and the discharges are generated between a central pin electrode and the rim of the injection tube. Velocity and CH* chemiluminescence signals are used to determine the flame transfer function assuming that plasma discharges do not affect the correlation between CH* emission and heat release rate fluctuations. Phase-locked images of the CH* emission were recorded to assess the effect of the plasma on the oscillation of the flame. The results show a strong influence of the NRP discharges on the flame response to acoustic perturbations, thus opening interesting perspectives for combustion control. An interpretation of the modifications observed in the transfer function of the flame is proposed by taking into account the thermal and chemical effects of the discharges. It is then demonstrated that by applying NRP discharges at unstable conditions, the oscillation amplitudes can be reduced by an order of magnitude, thus effectively stabilizing the system.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


Road information aims to change driver behavior. Before any trip begins, the driver must determine transportation mode, departure time, and route. The 600-km network of expressways in the Paris region, with its dense implementation of a control and information system called SIRIUS, is an ideal test-bed to measure and follow changes in driver behavior over a long period of time. The safety issues as well as the diversion options are discussed according to the last surveys. A step-by-step implementation of a large amount of variable message signs, first, then in-car information or route guidance devices, makes it possible to isolate the main parameters that are likely to trigger actual modifications. These modifications can only occur when the different choices are made available via a consistent array of reliable and timely traffic information. Even then, it is crucial to establish the first hypothesis about how the public will react to through traffic information: will they stick to their habits or not, and in what proportion?


Simple states, such as isobaric analog states or giant resonances, embedded into continuum are typical for mesoscopic many-body quantum systems. Due to the coupling to compound states in the same energy range, a simple mode acquires a damping width ({open_quotes}internal{close_quotes} dynamics). When studied experimentally with the aid of various reactions, such states reveal enhanced cross sections in specific channels at corresponding resonance energies ({open_quotes}external{close_quotes} dynamics which include direct decay of a simple mode and decays of intrinsic compound states through their own channels). We consider the interplay between internal and external dynamics using a general formalism of the effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian and looking at the situation both from the {open_quotes}inside{close_quotes} (strength functions and spreading widths) and from the {open_quotes}outside{close_quotes} (S matrix, cross sections, and delay times). The restoration of isospin purity and the disappearance of the collective strength of giant resonances at high excitation energy are discussed as important particular manifestations of this complex interplay. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


A kind of phosphor-free GaN based white light-emitting diode was fabricated with a strain adjusting InGaN interlayer. The origin of the strain adjusted white luminescent properties was studied with cathodoluminescence, asymmetrically reciprocal space mapping with high resolution x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The yellow and blue components of the electroluminescence spectrum were attributed to the high indium core and the adjacent indium depleted region in the inverted pyramidal pits on the device surface, respectively. These pits existed at the end of the dislocations induced by the strain relaxation process of the InGaN interlayer.


Abstract. After the age of 5 years, normal children have but few aerobic gram‐negative rods periurethrally. This study examines whether there is an abnormal periurethral colonization in urinary tract infection‐prone girls during infection‐free intervals, indicating a defective local defence. In 13 girls with a history of recurrent infection, daily bacterial samples were obtained from the periurethral area and from urine. Sampling continued until an infection eventually occurred. Seven girls contracted a urinary tract infection within 3–30 days. All were heavily colonized with gram‐negative rods, often several species, before infection appeared. Serotyping of E. coli confirmed that it was the colonizing strain which later invaded the bladder. The findings suggest a local defect in the antibacterial defence of infection‐prone individuals and gives strong evidence for ascending infection. Six girls remained uninfected during an observation period of 9–123 days. They all had a normal periurethral flora. A reasonable hypothesis would be that the same factor counteracted colonization and infection. Since abnormal periurethral colonization was not a constant phenomenon the postulated defect may vary. This might explain the fact that urinary tract infections often appear in quick succession, often followed by long infection‐free intervals.


The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, also called canonical Wnt signaling, is implicated in a large variety of biological processes, including embryonic axis determination, organogenesis and adult stem cells homeostasis. Canonical Wnt signaling regulates the stability of β-catenin, a transcriptional co-activator that, in absence of Wnt ligands, is targeted to proteasomal degradation by a multiproteic complex comprising the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) tumor suppressor. Activation of canonical Wnt signaling blocks β-catenin degradation and results in its accumulation into the nucleus, where it induces the expression of Wnt target genes. During embryonic myogenesis, the process of skeletal muscle formation, a proportion of pluripotent dermomyotomal cells restrict their fate to acquire a myogenic identity and differentiate into contractile myofibers, the functional units of skeletal muscle. Myogenesis can take place also in adult skeletal muscle. Indeed, upon acute injury or in pathological conditions, quiescent muscle-specific stem cells, called satellite cells, become activated and give rise to myogenic progenitors that massively proliferate, differentiate and fuse to form new myofibers and restore tissue functionality. In addition, a proportion of proliferating progenitors returns back to quiescence and replenish the pool of satellite cells in order to maintain the regenerative potential of skeletal muscle. The role of canonical Wnt signaling in the cell fate choice that drives multipotent dermomyotomal cells toward the myogenic lineage remains elusive. Similarly, a possible involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin cascade has been hypothesized in satellite cells during adult skeletal muscle regeneration, but different approaches came to contradictory results. In this study, we use genetic mouse models to investigate the precise role of canonical Wnt signaling in embryonic and adult myogenesis. In vivo constitutive overactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling following conditional deletion of APC, the major intracellular negative regulator of the pathway, results in complete abrogation of skeletal muscle formation and regeneration. By combining ex vivo and in vitro approaches, we show that canonical Wnt signaling hyperactivation alters cell cycle progression and results in programmed cell death. Conversely, conditional inactivation of β-catenin does not perturb the proliferative ability of myogenic progenitors but rather affects their differentiation. Collectively, our results demonstrate at least two distinct roles of the Wnt/β-catenin cascade in skeletal muscle. First, during myogenic initiation, canonical Wnt signaling must be inhibited to allow proper activation of myogenesis, in particular to elicit myogenic commitment of dermomyotomal cells and activation of adult satellite cells. Second, in myogenic progression, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is required in both embryonic and adult muscle progenitors for proper differentiation and myofibers formation.


In this paper, some common spatial spectrum estimation algorithms were analyzed and a high-resolution DOA estimation algorithm without number of signal estimation was presented. It might be viewed as a succession of Root-MUSIC method with superior performance, using directly the covariance matrix of receiving data. High-resolution spectrum estimation was achieved, which not only avoided number of signal estimation and EVD, but also could still maintain a relatively high angle resolution at lower SNR. Finally, the performances of various DOA estimation algorithms were shown and the correctness and effectiveness of the new algorithm were tested by a large number of computer simulations.


Abstract Towns and cities in India are facing complex problems regarding the provision and maintenance of services and infrastructure in the face of the rapid growth of pupulation, caused both by natural increase and migration. In order to meet such challenges a planner needs to have fairly accurate and up-to-date information, especially about physical structures and related land parameters. A study of their trends generally helps in the understanding of the emerging growth pattern and in formulating policies to guide or redirect it. Recent advances in the field of remote sensing technology and computer based Geographical Information Systems (GIS) provide very useful tools in undertaking such analysis. The results from a study about growth trends of the urban areas in the Bombay Metropolitan Region using multi-date remote sensing data and ARC/INFO GIS package are described here. The period under consideration is from 1968 to 1989. It should be noted that the major growth in the region is confined to Great...


A comprehensive analysis is performed to investigate the e€ect of the oscillating  ̄ow of gap  ̄uid on the shuttle heat transfer in reciprocating expanders. For a sinusoidal motion of displacer over cylinder having an axial temperature gradient, a new exact expression for shuttle heat transfer is derived from the analytical solution of the velocity and the temperature distributions for the gap  ̄uid and the two walls. Through a rigorous analysis, the most signi®cant parameter in the shuttle phenomena is proven to be the ratio of the inertial force to the viscous force in the oscillating  ̄uid. For the ratio values smaller than unity, the predicted shuttle heat transfer from the present expression is in good agreement with the previously published results. For large ratios, however, a notable discrepancy exists between the results of the present analysis and the previous investigations. The reason for this discrepancy is that the wall-to-wall heat  ̄ux is not in phase with the temperature di€erence because of the  ̄uid motion that was not included in the previous investigations. Ó 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


Constructing a harmonious college campus is the practical demand of promoting an all-round development of college education.Owing to the low development in the productive force,there have appeared in underdeveloped areas some inharmonious situations and even conflicts,which are great pressures and challenges in constructing harmonious campuses.Such colleges must implement the scientific development concept,set up the idea of harmonious development,adhere to the human-oriented idea,closely connect the student-teacher relationship,correctly handle the relationship among efficiency,scale and speed,promote the coordinate development of the college,construct advanced campus culture,upgrade college's actual strength,deal with the relationship between the college and the external environment,etc.


International Professional Organization, is a non-profit, member-driven organization, promoting excellence in group work practice, education, field instruction, research and publication. The AASWG Standards for Practice of Social Work with Groups present the Association's understanding of the values, knowledge and skill bases essential for professionally sound and effective social work practice with groups. The Standards are intended to serve as a guide to professional, high quality practice with groups. The AASWG Standards were originally developed by the Practice Committee of the AASWG, with the First Edition adopted by the AASWG Board in 1998 (revised in 1999), and the Second Edition in 2005. The AASWG Practice Committee engages in periodic review of the Standards. In 2009, we conducted an Online Survey (http://www.surveymonkey.com/AASWGStandardsRevision), requesting feedback on the relevance and currency of the Standards . Thank you to all who participated in the Survey about the AASWG Standards for Social Work Practice with Groups . As promised, this Report will be posted under the " Standards " section of the left side menu at www.aaswg.org. This Report consists of three sections:  Overview of the survey on the AASWG Standards (pages 2-4)  Literature Review on how social work and related organizations develop and revise standards (pages 5-9)  Digest of findings of the survey on the AASWG Standards (pages 10-26) We are hopeful that this overview, review of the professional literature and digest of findings will provide a good deal of guidance as we evaluate possible revision of the AASWG Standards .


The task of zero-shot commonsense question answering evaluates models on their capacity to reason about general scenarios beyond those presented in specific datasets. Existing approaches for tackling this task leverage external knowledge from CommonSense Knowledge Bases (CSKBs) by pretraining the model on synthetic QA pairs constructed from CSKBs. In these approaches, negative examples (distractors) are formulated by randomly sampling from CSKBs using fairly primitive keyword constraints. However, two bottlenecks limit these approaches: the inherent incompleteness of CSKBs limits the semantic coverage of synthetic QA pairs, and the lack of human annotations makes the sampled negative examples potentially uninformative and contradictory. To tackle these limitations above, we propose Conceptualization-Augmented Reasoner (CAR), a zero-shot commonsense question-answering framework that fully leverages the power of conceptualization. Specifically, CAR abstracts a commonsense knowledge triple to many higher-level instances, which increases the coverage of CSKB and expands the ground-truth answer space, reducing the likelihood of selecting false-negative distractors. Extensive experiments demonstrate that CAR more robustly generalizes to answering questions about zero-shot commonsense scenarios than existing methods, including large language models, such as GPT3.5 and ChatGPT. Our codes, data, and model checkpoints are available at https://github.com/HKUST-KnowComp/CAR.


【Objective】 The aim of the study was to isolate the porcine circovirus type 2(PCV-2) in Yangling and to determine the 50% tissue culture infective dose(TCID50)of the virus isolate,and to analyze the whole genes,which will make a foundation for vaccines developing.【Method】 The PCV-2 was isolated from the PCV-2 positive blood samples detected by conventional PCR.The virus was isolated and identified with cell isolation and culture,PCR,indirect immunofluorescent assay(IFA) and electron microscopic observation.The complete genomes of the isolated strains were sequenced and analyed.The 50% tissue culture infective dose of isolate was determined with immunoperoxidase monolayer assay(IPMA).【Result】 A PCV-2 Yangling strain was isolated from blood samples.The TCID50 of the isolate was 10-4.75.The homology of PCV-2 isolate with a PCV-2 Canadia isolate(DQ200735) was up to 99.4%.【Conclusion】 A PCV-2 Yangling strain was isolated and some studies were carried on this isolate.


In the mixing of a jet with a cross-stream, it is found that in the near field, defined as the region of the flow from the jet exit to a distance of a few diameters downstream of this exit, a considerable amount of dynamical adjustment takes place. This near-field region characterizes the subsequent behaviour and development of the jet, its wake and the cross-stream in the vicinity of this mixing region. The rapid evolution of the flow gives rise to a pair of bound vortices attached to the lee side of the jet boundary, to fast development of the turbulent and mean vorticity, to a vortex-shedding system, and to the largest rates of entrainment of cross-stream flow into the jet. Furthermore, it is found that the geometrical configuration of the boundaries at the jet exit plays an important role in the mixing and development processes. An intrinsic method is proposed for the delineation of the flow boundaries between the jet and the cross-stream. Calculations of mass, momentum and vorticity fluxes have been made. The vorticity flux gives evidence of the rapid stretching and tilting of the vorticity vector field in the near-field region.


In [25], R\"ondigs and {\O}stv{\ae}r identified modules over motivic cohomology with Voevodsky's derived category of motives, and in [4], Garkusha extended this result to general categories of correspondences including Suslin-Voevodsky's correspondences and Milnor-Witt correspondences. In the present paper, we provide with an alternative simplified route to the aforementioned results by invoking Lurie's $\infty$-categorical version of the Barr-Beck theorem. The proof technique is carried out in the setting of Milnor-Witt correspondences, but is general enough to work for any similarly behaved category of motives; for example, it recovers R\"ondigs-{\O}stv{\ae}r's result for ordinary motivic cohomology.


Abstract : Analysis and experiments were performed to demonstrate the feasibility of optical detection of low frequency sound. Both amplitude and phase detection were examined and in each case experimental results substantiated theoretical predictions. The interferometer (phase detection) technique was found superior to the beam steering (amplitude modulation) technique due to the former's frequency independence and greater sensitivity. Theoretical extrapolation of experimental results to parameter values not achievable with available laboratory equipment indicate a practically achievable sensitivity of -80 db (re 1/micro bar) per meter path length for phase detection.


In the Russian Federation, 506 varieties of apple trees are approved for use (10 included in 2023) with different periods of consumer ripeness of the fruit. The activities of breeding institutions have made it possible to improve the assortment of apple trees, while it is necessary to obtain new varieties of apple trees with a complex of adaptive traits and commercial and consumer qualities of fruits that ensure stable fruiting, productivity in unstable climatic conditions, as well as a long period of post-harvest storage of fruits; and, accordingly, determining the profitability of using these varieties in production plantings. In accordance with the increasing requirements for varieties, new breeding achievements must surpass previous analogues in a set of valuable breeding traits, which confirms the need to improve breeding programs. The key areas of apple tree selection are increasing winter hardiness, drought resistance, disease resistance, improving the biochemical composition and shelf life of the fruit, and columnar crown shape. Intensification of the selection process is necessary to reduce the time to obtain a new variety and its production development; in connection with this, marker-mediated selection is a promising direction for accelerating the selection process. The review article presents data on the work of scientific institutions where apple tree selection is carried out. The results of many years of work by leading research organizations of the Russian Federation in the field of apple breeding are covered. Data on scientific institutions, depending on their territorial location, are sorted by regions of admission of the State Register of Selection Achievements approved for use. The results of many years of work of leading research organizations, the main directions of apple breeding are covered, data on the use of modern methods for studying breeding material in research institutions are provided, and approaches to the early selection of economically valuable genotypes are presented. The analytical review is supplemented with information on ways to expand the genetic variability of hybrid offspring. The creation of varieties with a high level of adaptability, commercial and consumer characteristics of fruits will contribute to the further improvement of the apple tree assortment in the Russian Federation.


The Scheme has been designed and coordinated by Dr. George Ruijter (Scientific Advisor). Dr. Cas Weykamp at MCA laboratory has prepared and shipped the samples (scheme organiser). Sample preparation is performed by lyophilisation of 5 mL aliquots. As in previous years the 2013 MPS scheme consisted of 6 lyophilised urine samples as described in Table 1. The scheme format was kept identical to that of 2011-2012. Samples were shipped by regular mail in February. Details regarding stability of (reconstituted) samples are provided in the sample package. Participants were asked to reconstitute each sample in 5 mL deionised water, to determine creatinine concentration (mmol/L) and GAG concentration (mg/mmol creatinine), to qualify the GAG level according to agematched reference values (i.e normal or increased), to analyse GAG sub fractions and qualify (i.e. normal or increased CS, HS, DS and KS) and to give the most likely diagnosis.


This report summarizes the work done under NASA Grant NAGw-581, Vortex/Boundary Layer Interactions. The experimental methods are discussed in detail and numerical results are presented, but are not fully interpreted. This report should be useful to anyone who wishes to make further use of the data (available on floppy disc or magnetic tape) for the development of turbulence models or the validation of predictive methods. Journal papers are in course of preparation.


Abstract The central institutions of our society, the government and the economy, have become, in contemporary politics, objects of ideology. The ideologized versions of these institutions ascribe uniform and predictable qualities to what are in fact complex and variable entities. This ideologizing of institutions utilizes the work of Harold Laski, Friedrich Hayek and Maynard Keynes. Harold Laski argued for a democratically responsive state that would replace capitalism with a socialized economy. Hayek celebrated the market and depreciated governmental regulation. Maynard Keynes thought that intelligent policy‐makers could bring the two institutions into harmony and rescue them from the 'stupidity' of the less enlightened. This article uses a methodology termed identity analysis to explore the links between identity development, ideological formation, and political appeal. The objective is to note links between developmental conflicts and social challenges, and to see how these links relate to the generat...


A 47 year old woman underwent an open reduction and internal fixation of a left ankle fracture under spinal anesthesia. In the recovery room, she noticed a sudden onset of dysphonia. Fiberoptic examination revealed an immobile right vocal fold. Her symptoms gradually improved over the next few weeks with conservative treatment. By the eighth week, her voice had returned to normal. Anesthesiologists should be aware that dysphonia that develops immediately or shortly after spinal anesthesia may represent a unilateral vocal fold paralysis (VFP).


The dominant charge state for the Ga vacancy in GaAs has been the subject of a long debate, with experiments suggesting −1, −2, or −3 as the best answer. We revisit this problem using ab initio calculations to compute the effects of temperature on the Gibbs free energy of formation, and we find that the thermal dependence of the Fermi level and of the ionization levels lead to a reversal of the preferred charge state as the temperature increases. Calculating the concentrations of gallium vacancies based on these results, we reproduce two conflicting experimental measurements, showing that these can be understood from a single set of coherent local density approximation results when thermal effects are included.


From 1988 to 1992,selective breeding of superior plants of Myrica rubra was done in seven main producing homes of Zhejiang,such as Cixi,Yuyao,Huangyan etc.31 superior plants were breeded by grafting,which were selected among eight varieties,and their collective region was set up.Then the relative concentrative resource pool of main varieties of Myrica rubra was constructed in forestry center of Quxian County.It had been not only transformed into producing material,was also provided advantageous to hybridize and to improve variety.Biji bayberry showed the finest bearing properties among all clones,which bearing time and output were in the first place,but Dongkui bayberry fruited later,its output was low,and other varieties were in the middle of them in this aspect.The first fruiting weights of Biji and Dongkui bayberry were lower than their mother trees,but the difference of Dongkui bayberry was insignificant,and its fruit was still big and the properties could be bequeathed,and nutritional shortness could be reason of small fruits temporarily.The environmental factors,such as light,hotness and humidity etc.,could result in advancing of maturation period of all clones by 5~8 d.


More than half a million Iraqi people, about one in 40 of the country's population, have died from violent causes since the March 2003 invasion, a study in the Lancet says.

 ![][1]

Iraqis pray next to the coffins of victims of US airstrike in Ramadi, Iraq, on Monday 17 October 2005

Credit: BILAL HUSSEIN/AP/EMPICS

The figures in the paper, which was published online ahead of print publication on 12 October, are based on a cross sectional survey involving 1849 households with 12 801 …

 [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif


We derive a large deviation principle for occupation time of super α-stable process in ℝd with d > 2α. The decay of tail probabilities is shown to be exponential and the rate function is characterized. Our result can be considered as a counterpart of Lee's work on large deviations for occupation times of super-Brownian motion in ℝd for dimension d > 4 (see Ref. 10).


The linear approximation to TDVP equations for the complete molecular system is used to derive equations of motion for the electrons and the nuclei in the random phase approximation (RPA). Definitions of the relevant matrix elements in terms of nuclear gradients and hessians of the energy are given. The linear approximation to the evolution equations corresponds to a Gaussian approximation to the overlap and a quadratic approximation to the overall phase of the wave function.


The local propagation characteristics of small vibrations on the arterial wall due to the heart beat are investigated. Propagation velocity is obtained by analyzing the small vibrations measured simultaneously at two adjacent points on a vessel wall. From in vitro fundamental experiments, it is confirmed that these local acoustic properties (stiffness) of the wall are evaluated. Through experiments with extracted human thoracic aorta, it is found that the local stiffness, which is estimated from the pulse wave velocity of the aortic wall is increased with aging.<<ETX>>


Performance of maize crop submitted to different populations of plants and topdressing N doses There are many factors that interfere in the yield of maize crop, such as the population arrangement and the application of topdressing N. However, it is important to study how these factors interact with each other. Thus, the purpose of this work was to study how different plant populations and topdressing N doses influence the yield and yield components of the maize crop. The experiment was conducted in RBD in a 2 x 4 x 5 factorial scheme, with four replications, being: two crops seasons (2014/15 and 2015/16), four plant populations (55,000, 70,000, 85,000 and 100,000 plants ha-1) and five topdressing N doses (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg ha-1 of N). There was a difference between the crops seasons for all variables studied, except for the grain/ear. The topdressing N doses provided increased in yield, TGW, number of grains/row and grains/ ear. With the increase of the plant population there was an increase in yield, height of insertion of the first ear and plant height and decrease of TGW, number of rows/ear, grains/row and grains/ear. There was no interaction between plant population and topdressing N doses, which suggests that the topdressing N dose applied is independent of the population of plants used.


Interaction of α-methoxy-o-nitrobenzylidenemalononitrile (8) and guanidinium carbonate afforded 2,4-diamino-6-o-nitrophenylpyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (9) which, on reduction, gave not the expected diamino(aminophenyl)pyrimidine (10) but the triaminopyrimidoquinoline N-oxide (13).Electrophilic nitration and bromination of 2-amino-6-phenylpyrimidin-4-(3H)-one (7) yielded 5-substituted derivatives: when the 5-position was blocked the substituent entered the para-position of the phenyl group. Rearrangement of 2-nitroamino-6-phenylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one (14) in concentrated sulphuric acid afforded the 2-amino-5-nitropyrimidine (18), whereas attempted photorearrangement gave a complex mixture. Efforts to effect homolytic o-nitrophenylation of uracil with o-nitrophenyl radicals generated from two sources were unsuccessful.Three pyrimidine derivatives bearing 1,2,3-benzotriazinyl units [(24), (30), and (31)] were prepared by diazotisation of the appropriate o-aminobenzamido-precursors. None of the pyrimidines displayed inhibitory activity against lymphoid leukaemia (L-1210) in mice.


Automatic extraction and tracking of actors in a movie presents a novel and challenging issue in the field of image and video processing. This paper presents a system that can efficiently track each actor in a movie and extract the scenes that feature a specific actor. The method's facial detection and recognition are based on Haar-like features and Eigenface for SVM, while the actor tracking proposes a novel approach using a B-A-P frame structure. We also modified the Camshift method to enhance tracking performance. Experimental results show that the proposed system can accurately detect and track actors and efficiently solve for the problem of object occlusion.


Eupatorium godfreyanum is described as a stable triploid apomict linkingE. sessilifolium L. withE. rotundifolium L. The nameE. vaseyi Porter, which has often been used for this plant, does not properly apply, inasmuch as the type collection is a different apomict, linkingE. sessilifolium withE. album L.


Condensation of arylnitrile oxides with α-amino acid esters, other than those of glycine and analine, has been found to constitute a synthetic route to the hitherto unknown 1,2,4-oxadiazin-6-ones 7. α-Amino alcohols yield with nitrile oxides the corresponding acyclic N-(arylhydroxamoyl)amino alcohols, which are also accessible by borohydride reduction of compounds 7. In contrast, the adducts formed from nitrile oxides and α-amino acids are unstable; they decompose readily into the aldehyde, derived from the amino acid, together with the aldoxime, derived from the nitrile oxide. Both decomposition products are also formed when compounds 7 are subjected to mild hydrolysis.


Aqueous aluminum-ion batteries are at an early development stage and there is a need to discover new electrode materials for the fabrication of high energy density devices. To address this issue, we investigate MoO3 nanowires as a possible electrode material for use in rechargeable Al-ion batteries that can operate in aqueous conditions. We present a hexagonal structure of MoO3 microrods as an Al-ion intercalation host material and show its first-time use as a potential electrode for an aqueous Al-ion battery system. This yields a discharge capacity of approximately 300 mAh g−1 for 150 cycles and around 90 % retention after 400 cycles at a current density of 3 A g−1. The utilization of this type of material and aqueous electrolytes guarantees both safety during operation and simple recycling of spent batteries.


In this study we describe two cases of right hydronephrosis
due to Crohn's disease. These patients represent a percentage
of 1.4% of all patients seen and followed-up in our institution
during the last 15 years. Both patients were male
and of young age and in both the terminal ileum was involved.
Involvement of the urinary tract was documented
on the basis of intravenous pyelography, urinary tract
transdermal ultrasound, computed tomography scan and
retrograte pyelography. Conservative treatment included
administration of antibiotics and drainage of urine by a
pig-tail placement. After improvement of the general situation
and of urinary obstruction, surgical treatment was applied
in both patients in order to permanently resolve this
potentially dangerous complication of the underlying Crohn's
disease. On operation drainage of a local abscess resection
(in one patient) and resection of the diseased terminal ileum
(in both patients) was performed. The postsurgical outcome
was uneventful. On long-term follow-up (3 and 2 years respectively),
no recurrence of obstruction was noticed. It is
concluded that ureter obstruction in Crohn's disease patients
although rare, is a complication that could present therapeutic
dilemmas. Surgical treatment is finally required. A
review of the literature concerning ureter obstruction as a
complication of Crohn's disease is discussed.
Key words: Crohn's disease, fistulas, urinary complications,
obstructive uropathy


In this paper, we focus on the relationship between studying university mathematics and the 'thinking styles' of both undergraduate and postgraduate mathematics students. A cross- sectional quantitative study (N = 238) was conducted in a large Greek university, identifying the thinking styles of second, third and fourth year undergraduates, as well as those of students following a postgraduate degree in mathematics. The analysis revealed that the more experienced undergraduates and the postgraduates showed a stronger preference for originality and freedom in thinking, low degrees of structure, high levels of freedom and more complex information processing, combined with non-prioritised thinking. However, the postgraduates combine these preferences with a stronger preference for implementing rules and instructions. A discussion on these findings and on the factors that may account for them is presented.


The aim of this work was to establish an inversion procedure for the simultaneous determination of the viscosity and density of liquids. To this end, measurements of dispersion curves of the phase velocity and attenuation of shear horizontal Love waves were applied. Love waves propagate in an elastic layered waveguide covered on its surface with an investigated viscous (Newtonian) liquid. Firstly, the Direct Sturm-Liouville Problem of the Love wave propagation in a such waveguide was formulated and solved. Subsequently, the Inverse Problem was formulated and solved as an Optimization Problem. The appropriately constructed objective function that depends on the material properties of a waveguide of the Love wave, material properties of an investigated liquid (viscosity and density), and the experimental data was employed. The simultaneous determination of both liquid density and viscosity is important in the monitoring of technological processes in many industries (e.g. chemical, petroleum, pharmaceutical industry) as well as in geophysics.


On one level the essays are a valuable resource for teachers of journalism or upper level high school students who want an insight into the profession of journalism. They are well written and they summarise much of the conventional wisdom about news values, ethics, the professionalism, law and ownership of the media. Most contributions come from either practising journalists or actual teachers of journalism.


The exploit of mines has destroyed the geological environment of our country, which has seriously restricted the sustainable development of the economy and society. This paper carried on the attribute location to the mine environment management project, and elaborated the related theory foundation. Then according to the economic effect, social effect, natural resources effect and the ecological environment effect, we constructed a social economic and environmental benefit evaluation index system, in order to provide the reference for the mine management project.


SUMMARY The Portuguese longline fishery targeting swordfish in the Indian Ocean started in the late 1990's. This fishery targets mainly swordfish, but also bycatches pelagic sharks such as blue shark and shortfin mako. A recent effort by Portuguese Marine and Atmosphere Institute (IPMA) has been made aiming the collection of historical catch data on this fishery since the late 1990's to the present date. This working document reports an overview of the Portuguese swordfish fishery, including analyses on the catches, effort, catch-at-size and CPUE trends. The trends in the swordfish catch-at-size were analyzed annually, and compared between months and regions of operation of the fishery. Nominal annual CPUEs were calculated as Kg/1000 hooks, and were standardized with Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) using year, quarter, location and swordfish/blue shark ratio as explanatory variables. Three different modeling approaches were used and compared, including tweedie, gamma and lognormal models, and model validation was carried out with a residual analysis. The results presented in this working document provide the first preliminary trends and analysis on swordfish catches available for the Portuguese longline fishery operating in the Indian Ocean.


Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were grafted with poly(styrene–butyl acrylate–acrylic acid) (P-SBA) via an in situ soap-free emulsion polymerization. To introduce double bonds into the HNTs, N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane was first used to modify the HNTs and render amino groups, and then, the double bonds were anchored through an amidation reaction between acryloyl chloride and amino groups. P-SBA chains were grafted onto HNTs because of participating of double bonds in the copolymerization of styrene, butyl acrylate, and acrylic acid. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, specific surface area measurements, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the HNTs grafted with P-SBA. The results indicate that 25.21% of P-SBA was grafted onto the outer walls of the HNTs and filled into the inner spaces of the HNTs. The modification dramatically decreased the surface area of the HNTs. The property study of the HNTs grafted with P-SBA focused on the dispersion behavior in the biphase system. The results show that the grafted HNTs dispersed stably in the water/cyclohexane biphase system and were a potential emulsifier. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010


This paper presents the architecture of a Hybrid Broadband Broadcast TestBed deployed in Gävle, Sweden, to conduct end user trials with Interactive TV Services. The platform offers an environment for the evaluation of Interactive TV services, technology and program formats for television.


With the background of globalization,Chinese traditional sports are confronted with integrative threats,but from the other angle of view,globalization has global pluralistic cultural


We used two ways to monitor the content of formaldehyde in indoor air. One was chemical analysis , the other was instrumental analysis. We took the control test and the test of significance between them. It was the result that the standard curues accorded with reguire, the two ways had not significant difference, and clearly, the instrumental way was easy to operate and took less time.


Field trials were conducted to standardize the food bait, height and colour of the trap for enhancing the efficiency of synthetic aggregation pheromone lure of red palm weevil. The standard bucket trap provided with Ferrolure + (250 mg) was used for the study. Food baits like cut pieces of pineapple, cut pieces of sugarcane, hand crushed grapes, pieces of coconut petiole and peeled banana were tested for their efficacy in enhancing the weevil attraction by synthetic aggregation pheromone lure. Results of the study revealed that highest weevil capture could be obtained if pineapple and sugarcane was used as food bait with lure. Lowest number of weevils were captured in control traps where no food bait was used. Placement of trap at any height from gound to 1.52m was see table for trapping red palm weevils and above that height, number of weevils attracted were reduced. Colour of the trap was found to have no influence no the weevil attraction.


"For prevention of Lyme disease after a recognized tick bite, routine use of antimicrobial prophylaxis or serologic testing is not recommended (E-III). A single dose of doxycycline may be offered to adult patients (200 mg dose) and to children >8 years of age (4 mg/kg, up to a maximum dose of 200 mg) (B-I) when all of the following circumstances exist: (a) the attached tick can be reliably identified as an adult or nymphal I. scapularis tick that is estimated to have been attached for >36 h on the basis of the degree of engorgement of the tick with blood or on certainty about the time of exposure to the tick, (b) prophylaxis can be started within 72 h of the time that the tick was removed, (c) ecologic information indicates that the local rate of infection of these ticks with B. burgdorferi is >20%, and (d) doxycycline is not contraindicated.


The chapter focuses on the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) that India and China may have (or not) with the Arctic region vis-à-vis certain marine and mineral resources. The outcomes will indicate where and how India and China could look to maximize trading potential, other than natural gases. The study applies a multi-country and multi-commodity Ricardian trade model and utilizes the Balassa Index to examine the revealed comparative advantage of select fish and minerals available at the Arctic. The study finds that there is considerable comparative advantage that the Arctic enjoys in terms of export of salmon/trout/cod and palladium vis-à-vis India and China. India and China both have a lot to gain by positively contributing towards intensification of partnerships among the governments for sustainable management of the resources. The focus should be on effective cooperation among the states in addressing illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing and to promote human development by supporting and safeguarding the small-scale actors in both mining and fishing sectors.


This research aims to obtain empirical evidence on the effect of company characteritics on risk management disclosure (RMD) from the annual reports of manufacturing companies. The sample consists of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2010–2012. The total sample included 72 companies with three years observation and the examined firms reached 216. Results indicate that independent variables (firm size, profitability, leverage, public ownership, management ownership, and business complexity) have a significant effect on RMD. However, the hypotheses test with partial t-test indicate different results. Firm size (FS) and management ownership (MO) have significant effects, whereas leverage (LEV) has a negative and significant effect on RMD. Other variables, namely profitability (PRO), public ownership (PO), and business complexity (BC), have no significant effect on RMD.


champions have ramifications beyond composing technique and our perceptions of human/machine creativity? Can algorithms expressed in computer code serve as viable representations of musical ideas? Could the algorithmic approach that Cope espouses provide the basis for collaboration among several or many composers working at a distance across a network of computers? How do our tools—in particular, those made from computer technology—reshape the tasks for which they were designed? Included with The Algorithmic Composer is a CD-ROM that contains the programs discussed in the book, some tutorial materials related to the programs, and sound files for many examples. Readers with knowledge of Macintosh Common Lisp can examine the program code and, if desired, modify it. The volume also features an excellent bibliography and a comprehensive index to all three books in the trilogy. Cope's research, which is as much about artistic process as it is about final product, provides new perspectives on past and present compositional practices and tantalizing glimpses of the future. The Algorithmic Composer is an important and provocative addition to the literature.


Preface Introduction: Television, Terrorism, and Public Reality The Television Terrorist The Interpretation of Television News What's in a Name? "Terrorism" as Ideograph Paper Tigers and Video Postcards: Narratives Framing in Network Official Discourse in the "Age of the Terrorist" Conclusions: Political Violence in a Video Age Bibliography Index


1. Migliori GB, Loddenkemper R, Blasi F, Raviglione MC. 125 years after Robert Koch's discovery of the tubercle bacil-lus: the new XDR-TB threat. Is "science" enough to tackle the epidemic? Eur Respir J. 2007;29:423–7. 2. Laszlo A, Rahman M, Espinal M, Ravi-glione M; WHO/IUATLD Network of Supranational Reference Laboratories. Quality assurance programme for drug susceptibility testing of


With the outbreak of COVID-19 in many countries, public awareness related to the droplet mode of virus transmission is well documented and communicated. With a large spike in COVID-19 positive cases and the mortality rate, most of the general public are following preventive measures such as wearing masks, maintaining social distancing, and frequent hand washing. However, recently, it has been reported that the virus may also transmit through aerosolized particles of diameter <10 µm. The majority of the past research focuses on understanding droplet generation and transport through the most violent spasmodic expiration: coughing and sneezing. However, "breathing," the most common phenomenon, is scarcely studied as a virus transmission source. In the present study, we report an experimental visualization of the droplet's transport through breathing to quantify the reach of a typical breath for various exhale to inhale ratios. The efficacy of various standard (surgical, five-layered, and N95) and non-standard (homemade) protective measures such as face masks and face shields is also evaluated. An exhaled breath at E:I = 1:1 can travel up to 4 ft in 5 s; however, this reach reduces to 3 ft for E:I = 1:2. Two-layer homemade and commercial cotton masks are unable to completely impede the leakage of the droplet in the forward direction. A combination of a two-layer mask and face shield is also not effective in preventing the leakage and diffusion of the droplets. The surgical mask alone is not recommended during normal conversations as the leakage of the droplets is noticeable. A commercial N95 mask completely impedes the leakage of the droplets in the forward direction. However, the leakage of the droplets from the gaps between the mask and the nose is observed to be significant. A commercial five-layered mask is observed to be the most effective preservative measure with minimum leakage of the droplets.


Raman distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technologies are currently under evaluation by the nuclear and hydraulic industries as it may bring promising alternatives to classical measurement techniques. The reliability of the DTS measurements, as well as the traceability to the temperature standards, must be ensured throughout the entire period of monitoring (typically over a few tens of years). In order to achieve this goal, one key task consists in the verification of the performances claimed by the DTS devices manufacturers. Thus, the metrological performances and characteristics of the DTS devices, such as their limitations and accuracies, as well as the practical aspects of systems implemented on site should be evaluated step by step. This paper describes the dedicated facilities which have been developed at LNE in order to evaluate and to qualify DTS devices for very demanding applications. A first case study performed on one specific DTS device is detailed. A systematic bias has been observed among others on the spatial resolution. The DTS response to a temperature variation step over 1 m (spatial resolution typically claimed by the manufacturers) of sensing optical fibre corresponds indeed to only 90% of the temperature step magnitude, whereas the full DTS response is obtained in fact for 10 m (the practical spatial resolution) of sensing optical fibre solicited by this temperature step variation.


Enchanting work is a polysemic term that can account for multiple interpretations. It can be defined as a feeling of being connected in an affirmative way to existence. In organizational terms, enchanted workplaces are places of wonder that allow people to be active agents, who can impact on their environment, find meaning in their work, and flourish. In this context, enchantment has been operationalized in organizational and managerial literature in a variety of ways, including being resourceful, happy, resilient, passionate, motivated, or healthy at work, among others. The main purpose of this special issue was to highlight those elements that may promote enchanting work environments, and the processes through which (re-)enchantment may be achieved. Also, we were interested in understanding re-enchantment as an internal process. JEL CLASSIFICATION: M50


Concerns over rising fuel prices and greenhouse-gas emissions have prompted research into the influences of built environments on travel, notably vehicle miles traveled (VMT). On the basis of data from 370 US urbanized areas and using structural equation modeling, population densities are shown to be strongly and positively associated with VMT per capita (direct effect elasticity = ⊟0.604); however, this effect is moderated by the traffic-inducing effects of denser urban settings having denser road networks and better local-retail accessibility (indirect effect elasticity = 0.223, yielding a net effect elasticity = ⊟0.381). Accessibility to basic employment has comparatively modest effects, as do size of urbanized area, and rail-transit supplies and usage. Nevertheless, urban planning and city design should be part of any strategic effort to shrink the environmental footprint of the urban transportation sector.


Azolla 'the green gold mine' of the nature is a symbiotic association of Azolla-Anabaena in which the endophytic blue-green alga Anabaena zollae lives within the leaf cavities of the water fern Azolla (Lain). The representative samples of Azolla (Azolla pinnata Lain.) was analyzedfor estimation of various minerals and proximate principles i.e. moisture, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, total ash etc. Amino acids content of Azolla was also estimated through gas chromatography and capillary electrophoresis by wet chemistry (hydrolysis) method. Azolla contained 8.0% dry matter (DM), 24.61% crude protein (CP), 15% crude fibre (CF), 43.8% neutral detergent fibre (NDF), 31.80% acid detergent fibre (ADF), 3.8% ethyle extract (EE), 11.4% lignin, 4.1% starch and 15.9% total ash on dry matter basis. The amount of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and magnesium in Azolla were 11.0, 6.1, 17.4, 9.0 and 5.0 g/kg dry matter while the content of trace minerals like manganese, zinc, copper and iron were 0.76, 0.038, 0.016 and 3.90 mg/kg of dry matter respectively, indicating to be a rich source of micro nutrients. Out of 18 nos. of amino acids in Azolla, glutamic acid gave the highest amount of 12.6% followed by aspartic acid (9.3%), leucine (8.4%), alanine (6.4%), arginine (5.9%), glycine (5.6%) and valine (5.5%). However, the amount of cystine was found lowest (1.6%) followed by tryptophan (1.8%).


Penn State Applied Research Lab has developed a Spectrum Generator which can produce a color spot of arbitrary spectral content, with 3nm resolution across the visible band, or 1nm resolution across a smaller band.


We present here a scheme that relates seemingly two different kinds of physical impossibilities of quantum information processing. We derive, exact flipping of three arbitrary states not lying in one great circle is not possible with certainty, by using the existence of incomparable states which are not interconvertible deterministically by local operations and classical communications. In contrast, considering the non-existence of exact universal flipper, the incomparability of a pair of bipartite pure entangled states can be established. PACS number(s): 03.67.Hk, 03.65.Ud.


Capital assets have been an important part in the capital of every unit for a long time. So its accounting will have a strong influence on the quality of accounting information. At present, capital assets are not depreciated generally, which affects the quality of accounting information. The paper points out how to improve it.


Title of Thesis HYDROMORPHOLOGY OF ANOMALOUS BRIGHT LOAMY SOILS ON THE MID-ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN Philip Klaus Zurheide, Master of Science, 2008 Thesis Directed by: Professor Martin C. Rabenhorst Department of Environmental Science and Technology Some loamy textured soils along the Mid-Atlantic coastal plain undergo extended periods of saturation or ponding, yet lack the hydromorphology that identifies them as hydric by any of the currently approved Field Indicators of Hydric Soils (FI). Termed Anomalous Bright Loamy Soils (ABLS), these were identified at four research sites on the Delmarva Peninsula. The hydrologic and biogeochemical status of these soils was monitored for three years along a hydrosequence at each site. A series of field and lab experiments were run to investigate the possible causes for the ABLS-phenomenon. The most likely cause is a combination of low hydrologic gradient coupled with the length of time since saturation. Using observed morphology, a newly developed Field Indicator successfully discriminated between five hydric soils that lacked an approved indicator and those that were not hydric. This indicator has now been approved as an official FI of Hydric Soils (F20). HYDROMORPHOLOGY OF ANOMALOUS BRIGHT LOAMY SOILS ON THE MID-ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN by Philip Klaus Zurheide Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland at College Park in partial fulfillment Of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science 2008 Advisory Committee: Dr. Martin C. Rabenhorst, Chair/Advisor Dr. Bruce R. James Dr. Brian A. Needelman


Report that focuses on activity in Congress regarding recent high profile incidents of sexual assault in the military. Included are separate sections on the official responses related to these incidents by the Department of Defense (DOD), the Administration, and Congress including legislation in the 113th Congress. The last section is a resource guide for sources in this report and related materials on sexual assault and prevention.


Otoacoustic signals measured for time epoch of 80 ms after the click stimulus were decomposed by means of adaptive approximation by Matching Pursuit algorithm. High resolution time-frequency distributions of signal energy were calculated. Two types of responses were identified: Transiently Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAE) characterized by the waveforms of the short durations appearing in first 20 ms and Synchronized Spontaneous Otoacoustic Emissions (SSOAE) characterized by the waveforms of very long duration and narrow frequency band. The results supported the thesis that the later were due to spontaneous emissions. The long lasting OAE were characterized by the almost constant energy in time. The exponential decay observed by some authors was explained by the superposition of TEOAE and SSOAE. The implications for the clinical applications were shown.


The aim of this study was to investigate and select the wavelet function that is optimum to denoise the surface electromyography (sEMG) signal for multifunction myoelectric control. Wavelet denoising algorithm has been used to find the optimal wavelet function for removing white Gaussian noise (WGN) at various signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) from sEMG signals. A total of 53 wavelet functions were used in evaluation of the denoised performance. The wavelets are Daubechies, Symlets, Coiflet, BiorSplines, ReverseBior, and Discrete Meyer. Universal thresholding method has been used to estimate threshold value. Soft, hard, hyperbolic, and garrote thresholding are applied. Evaluations of the performance of these algorithms are mean squared error (MSE). The results show that the best wavelet functions for denoising are the first order of Daubechies, BioSplines, and ReverseBior wavelets (db1, bior1.1, rbio1.1). Various families can be used except the third order of decomposition of BiorSplines (bior3.1, bior3.3, bior3.5, bior3.7, bior3.9) and Discrete Meyer (dmey) are not recommended to use in wavelet denoising of sEMG signal. In addition, performance of soft thresholding is better than the others modified thresholding.


The paper analyzes the recent traffic problems of bicycle in our country.Based on the current situation of traffic safety,mainly studys the young bicyclists' processes of psychological activities and the features of psychological behaviors,and analyzes its influence on traffic safety.Further more,this paper poses proper countermeasures for the problems.


The world is changing at a rapid pace driven by the impact of information technology and communication (ICT), globalization and internationalization, which have impacted the dynamics of society. These changes have not been oblivious to how to proceed from the companies and governments in many countries, given that as trade barriers that divide the world are reduced, companies feel the need to change the profiles of executives and workers who want to have in their institutions, which is why we must develop new professional skills related to the understanding of the values of multiculturalism. Looking for that purpose, the Higher Education Institutions (IES) have developed strategies for regional, national and international mobility as a way to create space for students to develop the ability to function in an efficient manner in various multicultural environments. This research identified among students of a private higher education institutions in the city of Santiago de Cali, motivations to participate in the program and the perception of its operation, identifying the main motivation is related to improving their coping skills and acculturation and its formation as a person and professional. Generally positive perception about the processes and action clearly directed towards better.


As the influence of corporate fast food expands outside of the U.S. and Europe, many of the health problems previously associated with Western eating habits and nutritional regimes are beginning to proliferate across the developing world. Significantly, their rise serves as a troubling indicator of the "globesity" that threatens to overwhelm existing health care systems worldwide. To better understand the role of fast food cuisine in this accelerating trend, this article examines prevailing fast food consumption patterns and nutritional perceptions in the contemporary Philippines. Data from a 2005 consumer survey completed by over 160 college students in a provincial Philippine city provide insights into how this style of cuisine is now conceptualized and utilized locally amongst young adults. No less significant, survey findings also establish a basis from which tentative conclusions can be drawn about fast food's growing impact on health and health behaviors in moderate and low income countries.


This paper generalizes the concept of random sets presented by Dempster, and discusses the relationship between the uncertainty structure of fuzzy information sources and fuzzy event spaces. The paper also gives a kind of interpretation for the fuzzy evidence theory by the generalized concept of upper and lower probabilities. Meanwhile, it shows that the fuzzy conditioning belief function is, in fact, a generalization of Dempster's rule of fuzzy condition.


Objective:To study the cell growth factor secretion and vascular regeneration in acute in-farcted myocardium after autologus skeletal muscle satellite cell implantation.Methods:Autologous skele-tal muscle satellite cells from adult mongrel canine were implanted into the acute myocardial infarct site via the ligated left anterior descending(LAD)artery.Specimens were harvested at 2,4,8 weeks after implantation for the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1),basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) and the vas-cular density.Results:The expression of IGF-1,bFGF and the vascular density in skeletal muscle satellite cell implant group were higher than that in the control group.Conclusion:The skeletal muscle satellite cells,after being implanted into the acute myocardial infarction ,not only showed myocardial regeneration,but also showed the ability to secrete the cell factors,hence representing a positive effect on the regeneration of the infarcted myocardium.


To screen autoantibodies (autoAbs) in sera of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myositis (IIM) patients and to assess their clinical significance for diagnosis, classification and disease activity evaluation.

 IgG and IgM autoAbs were comprehensively profiled from 138 IIM patients, 70 SLE, 50 SSc and 100 normal controls (NC) using a customized autoantigen array bearing 125 myositis-specific antigens (MSA) and other autoantigens. Western blot and Immunoprecipitation were used for autoAb verification. The profile of autoAbs and correlation with clinical criteria were evaluated.

 78% IIM patients showed positive reactivity to at least 1 MSA. The autoAbs which exhibited high prevalence in IIM are anti- Jo-1 (24.6%), MDA5 (23.2%), SAE2 (13%), SRP54 (11.6%) and DNA polymerase II (8.7%). We identified the autoAb clusters that best distinguish the 3 autoimmune disease: anti-Jo-1 and anti-MDA5 for IIM, and anti-CENP-A&B and Scl-70 for SSc, and anti-chromatin/Nucleosome, anti-dsDNA, and anti-Sm/SmD for SLE. The coexistence of MSA autoAbs was observed in IIM with about 35% IIM patients carried more than 2 MSA autoAbs. The IIM patients who developed interstitial lung disease (ILD) exhibited significantly higher autoAbs against Jo-1, MDA5, Mi-2, Ro-SSA and Trptophanyl compared with the IIM without ILD (<0.05). The IIM patients who carried positive autoAbs against JS, TIF1γ, Mitochondrial antigen and La/SSB showed a significantly higher risk of malignancy (p<0.05). Based on autoAbs, we established an autoAb score for IIM prediction and evaluation.

 Autoantibody profiling revealed distinct and heterogenic autoAbs in IIM which are potential biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and classification of the disease.


Device for transmitting Advanced -MAP (A-MAP) in the mobile communication network determines whether buhal into two or more portions to be sending information elements in the two or more logical resource units. Each part of the information component in the logical resource units includes an indicator for indicating that the second part is present in another subsequent logical resource units. In one embodiment, the mobile communication network is used in conjunction with the OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division division multiple access) technology.


Singular value decomposition (SVD) method and unscented Kalman filter (UKF) are integrated to estimate the attitude and attitude rates of a nanosatellite recursively. First the SVD method minimizes the Wahba's loss function to find the optimal solution for the attitude on the basis of magnetometer and sun sensor vector measurements. Then the UKF uses this attitude information as the measurements for providing more accurate attitude estimates even when the satellite is in eclipse. The "rotation angle error covariance matrix" calculated for the estimations of the SVD method are regarded as the measurement noise covariance for the UKF. Discussions for the UKF tuning are included specifically for the eclipse period where the SVD method fails and practically there is no measurements incoming to the filter.


An indispensable element in addressing the current problem of non-ionizing electromagnetic pollution in the environment is a review of the levels of exposure to the electric and magnetic fields produced by the lines of electric power transmission and distribution systems. In order to establish the exposure levels, it is necessary to determine the model of the lines. Considering that a computational simulation is a helpful tool for power system analysis, this article presents a computational tool developed in Matlab App Designer for the model-in-sequence components of the parameters that make up a transmission line. This tool allows the user to work in a friendly and parameterizable environment according to the performed tests. In order to verify the tool's performance, two case studies are implemented. The first one is for a transposed transmission line and the second one for a non-transposed transmission line. The results obtained are compared with commercial software, acquiring a maximum error of 0.16402 %.


We report here on first intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) clinical tests performed at the Gustave Roussy Institute in France using one small (0.117 mm3) synthetic single crystal diamond detector (SCDD). We report the comparison between the point doses evaluated with our detector, with a PTW semiflex air ionization chamber (0.125 cm3) and calculated with the treatment planning system (TPS), respectively. The obtained results show a maximum difference of 2.3% for the diamond detector and of 4.6% for the ionization chamber, as compared with the TPS calculations. These very promising results show the potentiality of chemical vapor deposited SCDD for dosimetry of IMRT fields and opens up the field for diamond dosimeters toward novel applications such as very small beam monitoring.


This paper presents an analytical approach for calculating the magnetic field distribution excited by planar spiral circular coil and square coil for wireless power transfer (WPT) system. Based on Biot-Savart principle, the spatial magnetic flux density can be computed and the mutual inductance of the coils is calculated by numerical integrals with all possible variations of misalignments. The analytical calculation results are validated by finite element analysis. At last, comparison of the computed mutual inductance between the circular coil and the square coil is elaborated.


Enabling the coexistence of non-UPnP Devices in UPnP QoS Architecture is an important issue that might have a major impact on the deployment and usability of UPnP in future home networks. The work presented here shows potential issues of placing a non-UPnP Device in the network managed by UPnP QoS. We address this issue by extensions to UPnP QoS Architecture that can prevent non-UPnP Devices from degrading the overall QoS level. The obtained results show that deploying Network Based Control Point service with efficient traffic classifier, improves significantly the end-to-end packet delay characteristics.


Dye composition comprising at least one oxidation dye precursor, at least one polycondensate of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide having the following structure H- (O-CH2-CH2) a- (O-CH (CH3) -CH2) b- (O-CH2-CH2) a'-OH (a) wherein a and a 'ranging from 2 to 150, and b ranges from 1 to 100, and at least one nonionic polyglycerolated mono- or not oxyalkylenated ; oscillating the weight ratio of surfactant or nonionic surfactants mono- or polyglycerolated not oxyalkylenated / polycondensate or polycondensate of formula (A) from 1 to 20.


The electronic structure of γ -Al 2 O 3 and α -Al 2 O 3 has been investigated by means of the density functional theory. A comparison of the calculation results with experimental data for amorphous alumina films is also presented. The electronic structure is described in terms of band structure and density of states. It has been found that γ -Al 2 O 3 have similar electronic structure with α -Al 2 O 3 and amorphous Al 2 O 3 . Effective electron masses in γ -Al 2 O 3 as well as in α -Al 2 O 3 equal to ≈ 0.4  m 0 that is in a good agreement with the experimentally found tunnel electron mass in amorphous Al 2 O 3 . The heavy holes in both alumina crystals are explained by the valence band top forming by O 2 p π nonbonding orbitals.


Abstract : This Functional Description SPM discusses the feasibility of augmenting the Quick-Reacting War Gaming System (QUICK) with additional nuclear effects and fratricide avoidance representations and describes the necessary program design and associated program logic required for implementation. Implementation costs in terms of estimated period of effort and analytical and programming man months of effort are also provided. Implementation of the proposed augmented capabilities will considerably improve the results obtained from QUICK, since the added capabilities will account for critical factors not now considered in operational versions of QUICK. The realism of resultant generated war plans will therefore be significantly enhanced.


This paper proposes an advanced test circuit for detecting the connectivity between a drum ring of laser printer and PCB. The detection circuit of charge sharing is proposed, which minimizes the influences of internal parasitic capacitances. The test circuit is composed of precharge circuit, analog comparator, level shifter. Its functional operation is verified using 3.3V/40V CMOS process parameter by HSPICE. Access time is100ns. Layout of the drum contact test circuit is .


This paper presents complex method and the description of the setup based on it that allows to control different parameters of ring laser cavities for gyro sensors during the technological process of manufacturing. First of all this is accuracy of mono-block cavity manufacturing, accuracy of mirror alignment, the level of cavity selection, the control of sphericity of cavity, measurement of diffraction cavity losses, back scattering and the active substance gain in the cavity. Complex method combines the analysis of cavity transmission spectrum, measurement of the resonance transmission peak and measurement of radiation decay time in the cavity. The analysis of the influence of cavity characteristics on the accuracy of laser gyros is carried on.


. We construct the Jucys-Murphy elements and the Jucys-Murphy basis for the q -Brauer algebra in the sense of [11, Definition 2.4]. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for the q -Brauer algebra being (split) semisimple over an arbitrary field.


This paper summarized several man-made objects detection methods.Based on features extraction from man-made object and natural background,followed by presentation of issues on man-made object detection technique,discussed the current algorithms,including based on geometry feature,fractal model,probabilistic model,level set,clustering.Analyzed the advantages and defects of each method detailedly based on ATR(automatic targets recognition)detection performance.Finally,pointed out the present issues and possible further research direction.


I n her book, The Rites ofMan, Rosalind Miles (1992) writes, "To explain violence is to explain the male; the reverse is also true"; a sentiment similarly espoused by journalist Jill Tweedie, "Most violence, most crime ... is not committed by human beings in general. It is committed by men" (quoted in Archer & Lloyd, 1985, p. 124). The logical extension from the social connection between "male" and "violence" and the male condition (Le., the male hormonal or chromosomal condition) is implicit in these statements and an assumption that is often made in academic, as well as in less academic, discourse. Indeed, the association between "men" and "violence" is at the very heart of many critiques of men and masculinity (see Frosch, 1995). This extends the thesis beyond just an argument located within biology to a social context in which the association between men and violence is seen to be borne out in the social construction of masculinity. This posits that violence is male and results as a product of a male-directed process of social learning, By implication, however, this merely moves the underlying assumptions for a biological basis from a hormonal to a chromosomal imperative. The unstated message is that the male condition (chromosomal or hormonal) predisposes the biological process underlying social learning in men uniquely. The thesis that associates violence and testosterone, the male sex hor-


. In the present paper, we introduce screen almost semi-invariant (SASI) lightlike submanifolds of indefinite Keahler manifolds. We obtain the neccesary and sufficient condition for the induced connection to be a metric connection on SASI-lightlike submanifolds and construct an example for this manifold. Also we find some conditions for integrability of distributions and investigate certain characterizations.


A method and system for preserving and / or restoring communications within a network with planned resources, said network comprising at least several stations Si divided into subgroups, each of said subgroups comprising at least: one or more groups {Gi } each composed of at least two interconnected stations Si, the link between these two stations may change over time. The method comprises the steps, within a subgroup: a) associating a group {Gi} a dummy station FGi comprising different resources RGi allocated to the stations of the group {Gi}, b) from the information evolution on the structure of the group {G}: c) positioning one or more relays Ri adapted to maintain and / or restore communications between the different elements of {G} group, d) reallocate resources of the dummy station to FGi all relay stations Ri set up.


Polarization diverse optical phase conjugation of a 1THz spectral-band 1.14Tb/s DP-QPSK WDM multiplex is demonstrated for the first time, showing a worst case Q2 penalty of 0.9dB over all conjugate wavelengths, polarizations and OSNR.


We isolated a new extracellular alginate lyase-producing microorganism, which displayed alginate-depolymerizing activity in plate assays, from coastal soils in Wando, Jeollanam-do, Korea. This alginate-depolymerizing bacterium belonged to the genus Streptomyces and it was named Streptomyces sp. MET 0515. An extracellular alginate lyase (ALY1) secreted by Streptomyces sp. MET 0515, was purified to homogeneity by a combination of acetone precipitation, anion-exchange chromatography (Q-Sepharose and DEAE-Sepharose) and Sephacryl S-200 HR gel filtration chromatography. Its molecular mass was 26 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE analysis. The enzyme had an optimal temperature of 70℃ for its activity, and was most active at pH 7.5. The thermal and pH stability were 0-50℃, and pH 6.0-9.0, respectively. The enzyme activity was stimulated by 1mM Mn²?, and inhibited by 1mM Fe³?, 1mM EDTA and 1mM Zn²?. Preliminary analysis of substrate specificity showed that this alginate lyase had activity on both poly-alpha 1,4-L-guluronate and poly-beta 1,4-D-mannuronate in the alginate molecule.


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to monitoring and / or hobby rating device and method of the complex system in a particular communication network. A configured to data stored as a matrix of the dynamic variable structure, and the current matrix network data, and a moment matrix network parameters Mac - repeatedly multiplied by Supurasu algebra.


Commentators have long been the butt of sports comedy, and some live in terror of making a terminal mistake. The media was the target for so many years, but it did not teach them any sympathy for victims. The most vociferous condemnation of player behaviour in recent years has come from the media.


National status has been found to influence how people are perceived in multinational teams. Team members from an international background are often perceived as less competent than those from the local context. Studies mainly focus on language differences to explain this phenomenon, but in this study, we offer a different theoretical explanation. We propose that national status can affect psychological safety and its development within teams, which in turn affects verbal behavior and competence ratings. To test this notion, we examine differences in psychological safety growth, verbal behavior and competence ratings among home country nationals based in the United Kingdom (UK) and international members of newly formed multinational teams. In a sample of 519 team members (101 teams), results showed that internationals, compared to home country nationals, have lower initial psychological safety, as well as slower development in psychological safety over time. Furthermore, the relationship between national status and competence ratings was partially mediated by psychological safety growth and verbal behavior. These results were fully replicated on a separate sample of 538 team members (90 teams) in a second study using an identical research design. However, exploratory analyses indicated that the pattern of findings were not consistent across team members from Africa, Asia, and Europe. The psychological safety of home nationals only started and grew more quickly than that of Asians, while only African and Asian team members spoke less and were rated as less competent. Together these results have implications for managers of newly formed multinational teams.


The biology of Orgilus elasmopalpi Muesebeck was investigated in the laboratory with Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller) as a host. The developmental time of O. elasmopalpi ranged in days from 44.92 ± 0.5 (at 18.3° C) to 14.12 ± 0.12 (at 32.2°C). The calculated developmental threshold for egg-larval development was 17°C and 14.8°C for the prepupal-adult stage. Orgilus elasmopalpi parasitized and completed development in E. lignosellus 3rd, 4th, and 5th instars. Development time of the parasite was the same regardless of host stage parasitized. Adult longevity was inversely related to temperature, greatly increased when honey water was provided as a food source, and unaffected by the presence of hosts.

Each life-stage showed a different temperature-developmental-rate relationship. This finding suggests a single control enzyme does not control development in O. elasmopalpi . Rather different enzymes may become sequentially rate-limiting during specific developmental stages.


Background: Cigarette smoking and coal burning are the primary sources of indoor air pollution in Chinese households. However, effects of these exposures on Chinese children's respiratory health are not well characterized. Methods: Seventh grade students (N = 5051) from 22 randomly selected schools in the greater metropolitan area of Wuhan, China, completed an in-class self-administered questionnaire on their respiratory health and home environment. Results: Coal burning for cooking and/or heating increased odds of wheezing with colds [odds ratio (OR) = 1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07–2.29] and without colds (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.05–1.97). For smoking in the home, the strongest associations were seen for cough (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.17–2.60) and phlegm production (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.36–3.72) without colds among children who lived with two or more smokers. Conclusions: Chinese children living with smokers or in coal-burning homes are at increased risk for respiratory impairment. While economic development in China may decrease coal burning by providing cleaner fuels for household energy use, the increasing prevalence of cigarette smoking is a growing public health concern due to its effects on children. Adverse effects of tobacco smoke exposure were seen despite the low rates of maternal smoking (3.6%) in this population. Published: 07 December 2004 Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source 2004, 3:14 doi:10.1186/1476-069X-3-14 Received: 26 August 2004 Accepted: 07 December 2004 This article is available from: http://www.ehjournal.net/content/3/1/14 © 2004 Salo et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source 2004, 3:14 http://www.ehjournal.net/content/3/1/14


The utility model discloses a ceramics cylinder isostatic pressing inner diameter one-shot forming mould, which relates to a mould and comprises a forming mould sleeve and a core. The utility model is characterized in that the core is positioned in the forming mould sleeve through an upper rubber sealing head and a lower rubber sealing head; the core consists of an upper core and a lower core; the upper external diameter of the lower core is smaller than the lower external diameter and a conical surface is disposed at the external surface of the transition part of the core external diameter; the external diameter of the upper core is equal to that of the lower part of the lower core; the lower end of the upper core is connected to the upper end of the lower core and a core with a middle step structure is formed. The utility model is advantageous in that as the middle step structure can be directly formed into the middle inner step of the ceramic cylinder, thereby a processing on the inner diameter of a ceramic cylinder body is of no need; the problem that the working efficiency is low and cost is high can be solved; the one-shot forming mould is suitable for producing ceramic cylinder.


Summary The field experiment was carried out in 2009–2011 year, in Niziny village, near the city of Przemysl. The aim of the studies was to evaluate the effectiveness of Isaria fumosorosea for the control of Ostrinia nubilalis. Two protection treatments were used: seed dressing with spores of the entomopathogenic fungus and spraying plants during vegetation with spore suspension. The results showed, that the application of I. fumosorosea may reduce the damage caused by larvae of European corn borer (O. nubilalis) in stem and cob in comparison to unprotected plants.


Stream data shows a sequence of values changing continuously over time. Due to the nature of stream data, its trend is continuously changing according to various time intervals. Therefore the prediction of stream data must be carried out simultaneously with respect to multiple intervals, i.e. Continuous Multiple Prediction(CMP). In this paper, we propose a Continuous Integrated Hierarchical Temporal Memory (CIHTM) network for CMP based on the Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) model which is a neocortex leraning algorithm. To develop the CIHTM network, we created three kinds of new modules: Shift Vector Senor, Spatio-Temporal Classifier and Multiple Integrator. And also we developed learning and inferencing algorithm of CIHTM network.


Since the establishment of a managed floating exchange rate regime, the fluctuations and the movements of RMB exchange rate are increasingly becoming a major concern of scholars and politicions. In this article, the sources of pressure on the RMB exchange market are quantitatively analyzed based on the Girton-Roper model and its extensions. The results show that the growth rate of domestic credit, GDP growth rates as well as the money multiplier are significant factors impacting the RMB exchange market pressure, RMB exchange market pressure is released mainly by the loss of reserves.


This paper describes a method for measuring the effects of academic and living conditions on the academic performance of female cadets in engineering at the Royal Military College of Canada (RMC). For the purposes of this paper systemic harassment is defined as policies, practices, procedures, actions or inactions, that appear neutral but have an adverse impact on an identifiable group. Two different measures of academic performance are used in this paper, the average grade of cadets, and the retention rate of cadets in engineering programmes. Both measures indicate that female cadets, particularly those studying engineering at the college, are adversely affected by the systemic discrimination that exists there. The paper also describes the educational system as it existed at RMC during the period of the study, discusses the perceptions of the affected group as reported elsewhere, and provides a model for analyzing the results.


Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of resistance rate in Helicobacter pylori against commonly used antibiotics including tetracycline, metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, erythromycin and rifampin in Iranian patients.
Methods: H. pylori isolates were obtained from gastric biopsies from patients referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at Emam Reza hospital of Tabriz. H. pylori was identified based on gram staining and biochemical tests (catalase, oxidase, and urease activity). All positive cultures were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by used of disk agar diffusion for all antibiotics and Etest method for tetracycline and metronidazole.
Results: One hundred and four H. pylori isolates were obtained from 322 patients, mean age 39 ±17 years, 145 were women and 177 were men. The prevalence of resistance of H. pylori isolates were 10.6% for tetracycline, 77.9% for metronidazole, 15.4% for clarithromycin, 22.1% for amoxicillin, 39.4% for ciprofloxacin, 4.8% for nitrofurantoin, 24% for erythromycin and 26.9% for rifampin by used of disk agar diffusion.
Conclusions: The prevalence of H. pylori antibiotic resistance to metronidazole was high, while resistance to tetracycline was low in this area. There was an increasing trend in antibiotics clarithromycin, metronidazole and ciprofloxacin. Therefore, surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility test for H. pylori is essential.


The numerous exploits of Sri Rama had one objective. It was restoration of peace at all fronts. He started this all important mission of his life while still very young. In a series of events that preceded and followed that significant yagna, Sri Rama eliminated numerous demons and demonesses who haunted the otherwise peaceful and holy forest regions which were the abode of learned peace-loving ascetics. Inspite of the fact that ascetics remain detached towards worldly affairs and transitory modes of enjoyment, they are not ignorant concerning the well-being of the worldly people. Sri Rama represented the man of the worldly society. He could realize the long standing outcome of the experience and favor of the ascetics towards their counterpart the worldly people. He symbolizes the embodiment of all moral values that a man of Dharma possess and thereby support that "spiritualism is synonymous with universalism". Sri Rama is the rational reflection of the theory of "Dharma" that enlightens "Humanity" as its essence. Purity of mind and "chitta", total renunciation of weakness and selfless love for all fellow beings liberate the soul while still in the body. So, in the present world of turmoil and constraint the Ramayana can teach wisdom of perfect leadership, ideal brotherhood, tender & faithful relationship, sincere devotion towards God, parents & teachers. It also unfolds how to practice meditation & yoga, ideal education & marriage, natural & holistic health care, ideal living, art & music and all sorts of community services. Concerning the character of Sri Rama, the projection of love is manifold, whether be it from the perspective of personal or social life. Sri Rama was a perfect ideal of love.


Interventional Nephrology is a renal procedural sub-speciality that provides procedures the following procedures necessary for the maintenance of dialysis access and renal diagnostics:
 In most centres regionally and nationally, these procedures are performed by a mix of nephrologists, radiologists and surgeons. In many centres haemodialysis catheter procedures are performed by nephrologists but without fluoroscopic guidance, with only those procedures which fail to be completed being escalated to interventional radiology. Access to real time imaging improves safety and quality of patient experience by reducing the rate of procedural failure and can the rate of serious complications.
 The Sunderland Diagnostic and Interventional Nephrology (SDIN) service was launched in 2018. Briefly, this is a 'one stop shop' for all of the above procedures with pre-procedural assessment and post-procedural recovery provided in a dedicated renal day-case area. Procedure lists run Monday to Friday, 52 weeks per year, and are provided by four interventional nephrologists.

 Data was collected retrospectively on all activity under the Sunderland Diagnostic and Interventional Nephrology service.

 The service has delivered the following benefits:

 A dedicated interventional Nephrology service leads to significant benefits for the providing unit and leads to efficiency savings. Most importantly, patients receive safe and efficient care leading to improved experience and in the long term improved clinical outcomes.


: The initial events of the photosynthetic light reactions are described in terms of light absorption, excitation transfer, trapping, and eiectron transfer by radical-pair charge separation. Our growing understanding of the light reactions of photosythesis now makes it possible to formulate a general scheme that applies to photo synthetic bacteria and to Photosystems 1 and 2 of higher plants and algae [1,2]. Certainly there are differences in the chemical nature of the pigments involved, in the arrangement of the molecules in their mem brane bound complexes and in the specific electron carriers involved. Nevertheless, the similaritie.s in the mechanism of excitation transfer and trapping and in the kinetics of the initial charge separation are striking.


There are many potential prognostic and predictive factors in breast cancer and their number is growing every day. The contributions of the novel technologies for the study of genetic materials, that already have the capability of measuring thousands of genes simultaneously on a single tumor especimen, are of primary importance for this increment, but their integration into clinical practice will depend on the proper design and analysis of clinical investigations. However, the validated prognostic factors are few and has been unchanged for more than a decade. Accepted prognostic factors include axillary node status, tumor size, histological and nuclear grade, age and hormonal receptor status (ER and PR). Predective validated factors still are less: only ER and PR. With additional studies and the estandarizacion of the assays, the c-erbB-2 may soon be added to the list of prognostic and predictive validated factors.


Natural Resources and Environmental Justice endeavours to cover an incredible diversity of disciplinary perspectives on the intersection between the environment and justice in Australia. Its chapte...


Sparse Factor Analysis (SFA) is often used for the analysis of high dimensional data, providing simpler pattern of factor loadings by constraining insignificant loadings to be zero. However, existing SFA approaches require the assumption of normality of data since sparse factor loadings are obtained through a likelihood function with additional constraint or penalty function. This work proposes a method for obtaining sparse factor loadings without requiring any distributional assumption. In this method, the orthogonal sparse eigenvectors were computed based on Procrustes reformulation, and thereafter, an iterative procedure was provided to find sparse factor loadings corresponding to the orthogonal sparse eigenvectors. In the end, the proposed method was compared with penalized likelihood factor analysis via nonconvex penalties using simulated data. Results show that sparse factor loadings from both methods provide simpler structure of factor loadings than the structure obtained from standard Exploratory Factor Analysis. In addition, the new method out-performs the penalized likelihood factor analysis via nonconvex penalties as it provides smaller values of MSE even when the two methods have the same level of sparsity.