Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of dietary type and in vitro storage conditions on the composi- tion and character of jejunal juice in ducks. In experiment 1, a completely random design was used to study the effects of di- etary type on the composition and character of jejunal juice in ducks. Thirty-six male adult ducks fitted with a T-cannula in the jejunum were randomly assigned to 2 groups with 6 replicates each and 3 ducks in each replicate, and fed corn-soybean meal diet and corn-soybcan meal-rapeseed meal-cottonseed meal diet, respectively. The trial lasted for 35 days. In experi- ment 2, a 2 × 3 completely random design of two kinds of storage temperature ( - 20 and - 70 ℃ ) and three storage periods (30, 60 and 90 d) was conducted to study the appropriate in vitro storage conditions of jejunal juice. Results showed that di- etary type diets significantly affected the activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin and the concentrations of Mg2+ and Cl of jejunal juices (P0.05). But the activities of amylase and lipase, the concentrations of K+ , Na+ and Ca2+ , pH were not signifi- cantly different in two treatments (P0.05). The storage temperature could significantly affect the pH (P0.05), but could not significantly affect (P0.05) the digestive enzyme activity of jejunal juice. The storage time could significantly affect the pH of jejunal juices in these two groups, and the activities of trypsin and amylase of jejunal juice in ducks fed corn- soybean meal-rapeseed meal-cottonseed meal diet (P0.05 or P0.01). In conclusion, dietary type was one of the impor- tant factors which could affect the biological characters of jejunal juice in ducks, and effects of storage conditions on the bio- logical characters of jejunal juice could be dependent on the dietary type.


OBJECTIVE To observe and analyze the manifestations of CT and MRI in elderly patients with spinal tuberculosis.METHODS Lightspeed64 slice spiral CT machine manufactured by American GE Company was adopted.Scan lines were parallel to the intervertebral gap.The cross-section was scanned.The thickness of slice was 3 mm and the distance of layer was 3 mm.the suspicious spine area was scanned continuously,bone window was shot and soft tissue window was observed.The enhanced scanning was taken if necessary.MR imaging equipment was 1.5T symphony superconducting magnetic resonance scanner produced by Siemens.Scanning was taken for sagittal T1WI,T2WI sequences,and horizontal plane T2WI sequences.Some cases received enhanced scan lines,with the Magen Wei contrast agent(Gd-DTPA) injection,0.1 mmol/kg intravenous injection.RESULTS Among the patients,two vertebrae were involved at the same time in 19 cases,accounting for 54.3%.Involvements of more than 2 vertebrae were observed in 14 cases,accounting for 40.0%.There were only 2 cases where one vertebral body was involved.There were 86 vertebrae in total.The involved sites were as the followiy:15 cervical vertebra,19 thoracic vertebra,11 lower thoracic vertebra,38 lumbar vertebra,and 3 sacral vertebra.CT findings of all patients with vertebral disc damage,paraspinal mass or abscess,epidural and/or foramen violation,ligament spread,and enhancement and calcification of meninges were observed in 35,30,5,1,1 and 25 cases,respectively.Compared with CT,the MRI findings were observed in 35,30,15,20,16,and 2 cases,respectively.CONCLUSION CT and MRI manifestations for the spinal tuberculosis in elderly patients have their own characteristics.The clinical comprehensive analysis of CT and MRI manifestations of spinal tuberculosis is of great importance to the diagnosis,differential diagnosis and treatment.


This article deals with a very relevant topic today, that is, what is art, what happens, how it develops, how it fits and how the man with nature. Such a conception of art, Xavier Zubiri left explicitly outlined in the 50s of the last century (in one of his many courses), but this conception was absolutely renovated in the '80s through his trilogy Intelligence and sentient new philosophical horizon it open: the «noologia». And in such renewal around what is a technical way of being own technical man happens in the same intellection of reality and so is what allows us to be viable in this world rises.


INTRODUCTION:

Presepsin is a subtype of soluble CD14, which is a receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/LPS-binding protein complexes and is expressed on the myelomonocytic cell surface. Recently, it has been shown to be a useful biomarker for assessing the severity of sepsis and has come into use in the field of critical care medicine. However, the precise mechanism involved in its production in human is yet to be ascertained. Therefore, we performed in vitro analyses to determine the main sources of presepsin and the mechanism of presepsin production in humans. We also performed a retrospective cohort study to determine the clinical relevance of presepsin in the diagnosis of bacteremia or other complications after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) because, so far, only one study has analyzed the utility of presepsin as a biomarker for myelosuppressed patients after chemotherapies.

METHODS:

For in vitro assays, we first isolated neutrophils and monocytes from the peripheral blood of healthy controls and co-cultured them (4 x 105 cells) with various stimuli, such as bacteria or cytokines, with or without inhibitors. The supernatants were subjected to ELISA for the determining the presepsin production levels, and precipitants were analyzed by immunostaining for CD14 and presepsin.

For the cohort study, we enrolled patients who had undergone allo-SCT in our department during recent 5 years. Serum samples were collected at 4 different times (before the conditioning regimen, on day 0, 7, and 28 after allo-SCT). The serum specimens were analyzed using ELISA to determine the presepsin levels, and the relationship between these levels with the occurrence of SCT-related complications and overall survival rate was determined.

RESULTS:

In vitro co-culture assays showed that monocytes secreted significantly higher amounts of presepsin than neutrophils in response to Escherichia coli (mean ± standard error, 414.8 ± 55.9 vs. 124.7 ± 37.9 pg/mL, p = 0.01). Immunostaining showed an apparent cytosolic deposition of presepsin in monocytes, but not in neutrophils ([Figure 1][1]). The secretion of presepsin from monocytes induced by LPS, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-ƒ?, and Pam3CSK (Toll-like receptor 1/2 agonist) was small, and similar to the base line secretion (76.0 ± 9.2 pg/mL, p > 0.90). Monocytic secretion of presepsin in response to E. coli is partially suppressed by various kinds of phagocytic inhibitors (125.6 ± 9.5 pg/mL, p = 0.01 with wortmannin; 160.7 ± 18.3 pg/mL, p = 0.02 with cytochalasin). Moreover, other bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis induced presepsin secretion (182.6 ± 37.7 p/mL, p = 0.02). These findings suggest that monocytic phagocytosis is the main factor responsible for presepsin production in humans.

In order to analyze the clinical relevance of presepsin, we included 69 patients who had undergone allo-SCT (35 men and 34 women; age range, 17 – 66 y; median age, 49 y). The donors were related in 16 cases and unrelated in 53. Myeloablative conditioning was performed in 27 patients. The serum presepsin levels was 1,909 ± 540 pg/mL before allo-SCT, and no significant differences were observed between this level and those observed at the other 3 time points ( p = 0.62). Bacteremia was observed in 17 and 10 patients within 5 days before serum sample collection on day 7 and day 28, respectively. These patients with bacteremia showed higher levels of presepsin compared to those without bacteremia (5,174 ± 1,693 vs 1,161 ± 151 pg/mL, p < 0.01 on day 7, and 4,877 ± 1,923 vs. 2,183 ± 537 pg/mL, p = 0.07 on day 28). No correlation was observed between presepsin levels, viral infections, and the occurrence of acute GVHD. Moreover, patients with higher presepsin levels at day 28 (≥ 2,000 pg/mL) showed a significantly worse overall survival (hazard ratio, 3.7; 95%CI, 1.7 – 7.7, p < 0.01, [Figure 2][2]) mainly due to transplant-related death.

CONCLUSION:

Our results showed that human presepsin is produced mainly by monocytes after phagocytosis of bacteria in vitro . This data is supported by the results of the retrospective cohort study indicating that elevation in serum presepsin levels is observed especially during bacteremia. Presepsin levels can be used as an effective diagnostic marker for the bacteremia even during the myelosuppressive period after allo-SCT. Moreover, high presepsin levels on day 28 after allo-SCT can be indicative of poor prognosis.

![Figure 1][3]

Figure 1

![Figure 2][3]

Figure 2

Disclosures Yamashita: Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Research Funding.

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Background: Warts are common viral infections of the skin that are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). There are more than 200 HPV genotypes up till now . Objective: To identify HPV genotype distribution among wart patients. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted on 78 patients with warts. Shave biopsy was taken from wart cases for detection of HPV by conventional PCR. HPV genotyping was performed using real time PCR . Results: HPV DNA was detected in 50 (64.1%) of all biopsy samples while 28 (35.9%) of samples were negative. The most frequently detected genotype was HPV-52 (7.1 %) from HPV positive samples. Conclusion: obtaining results can increase the knowledge regarding the prevalence of HPV and its type distribution in Egypt. This may contribute to create a national prevention program for HPV .


We determine the sufficient conditions for subordination for new classes of normalized analytic functions with applications in fractional calculus in complex domain. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 34G10, 26A33, 30C45.


Internal gravity waves excited by the turbulent motions in a bottom Ekman layer are examined using large-eddy simulation. The outer flow is steady and uniformly stratified while the density gradient is set to zero at the flat lower wall. After initializing with a linear density profile, a mixed layer forms near the wall separated from the ambient stratification by a pycnocline. Two types of internal wave are observed. Waves with frequencies larger than the free-stream buoyancy frequency are seen in the pycnocline, and vertically propagating internal waves are observed in the outer layer with characteristic frequency and wavenumber spectra. Since a signature of the pycnocline waves is observed in the frequency spectrum of the mixed layer, these waves may affect the boundary-layer turbulence. The dominant outer-layer waves have a group velocity directed 35-60° from the vertical axis, which is consistent with previous laboratory studies. The energy flux associated with the radiated waves is small compared to the integrated dissipation in the boundary layer, but is of the same order as the integrated buoyancy flux. A linear model is proposed to estimate the decay in wave amplitude owing to viscous effects. Starting from the observed wave amplitudes at the bottom of the pycnocline, the model prediction for the spectral distribution of the outer layer wave amplitude compares favourably with the simulation results.


Growing evidence suggests that pretransplant alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) predicts outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with liver transplantation. We aimed to determine whether pretransplant AFP, Lens culinaris agglutinin‐reactive alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP‐L3), and des‐gamma‐carboxyprothrombin (DCP) predicted HCC recurrence after transplantation. A retrospective cohort study of 313 HCC patients undergoing transplantation between 2000 and 2008 was conducted, and 48 (15.3%) developed recurrence during a median follow‐up of 90.8 months. The 127 patients with available serum drawn before transplantation were included; they included 86 without recurrence and 41 with recurrence. Serum was tested for AFP, AFP‐L3%, and DCP in a blinded fashion with the μTASWako i30 immunoanalyzer. All biomarkers were significantly associated with HCC recurrence. The hazard ratios (HRs) were 3.5 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.9‐6.7; P < 0.0001] for DCP ≥ 7.5 ng/mL and 2.8 (95% CI, 1.4‐5.4; P = 0.002) for AFP ≥ 250 ng/mL. The HR increased to 5.2 (95% CI, 2.3‐12.0; P < 0.0001) when AFP ≥ 250 ng/mL and DCP ≥7.5 ng/mL were considered together. When they were combined with the Milan criteria, the HR increased from 2.6 (95% CI, 1.4‐4.7; P = 0.003) for outside the Milan criteria to 8.6 (95% CI, 3.0‐24.6; P < 0.0001) for outside the Milan criteria and AFP ≥ 250 ng/mL and to 7.2 (95% CI, 2.8‐18.1; P < 0.0001) for outside the Milan criteria and DCP ≥7.5 ng/mL. Our findings suggest that biomarkers are useful for predicting the risk of HCC recurrence after transplantation. Using both biomarkers and the Milan criteria may be better than using the Milan criteria alone in optimizing the decision of liver transplantation eligibility. Liver Transpl 21:599–606, 2015. © 2015 AASLD.


Finite element method of tire temperature field is introduced in this paper.Temperature distribution curves of tire 9.00R20 under specific condition are given.The results will provide theoretical basis for developing new tire and optimizing tire structures.


The reaction of 1-alkylbenzimidazole derivatives with o-/p-di(chloromethyl)benzene results in the formation of the new o-/p-xylyl-linked bis(benzimidazolium) salts, 1 and 2, respectively. The salts were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The in situ prepared complexes derived from Pd(OAc)2–1 and 2 exhibit catalytic activity (61–98%), to give the Heck coupling products of aryl bromides and styrene. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


(57) Abstract: The invention relates to an annular component such as a connecting rod (2) an apparatus for dividing put crack. The connecting rod (2) has one stationary jaw possible expansion to be inserted into the hole portion formed by an annular member and one movable jaw part (8, 10), these expandable jaws (8, 10 ) and an expansion device for dividing. The present invention is characterized in that it is affecting the cracking reaction apparatus. Therefore, peripheral surface, the jaws (8, 10) the inner surface and engagement of only the hole portion through partial reference plane or line areas are precisely defined in the expandable jaws (8, 10) configured to focus.


The ballistic transport properties of Cu nanowires (NWs) with diameter of 0.2−1.0 nm under electric field (V = 1 V/A) are reported for future applications as interconnections in microelectronics. Our density-functional calculations show that, under V = 1 V/A, with the wire diameter increasing, the number of conduction channels of a helical atomic strand increases, whereas the number of a nonhelical atomic strand is constant within the considered size range. The structure, electronic, and charge properties of these two types of Cu NWs exhibit distinctly different behaviors.


Pressure ulcers are a frequent occurrence in the bedridden elderly, especially those who are over 65 years old. The healing of pressure ulcers is particularly difficult for these individuals as most of them may have different kinds of chronic illnesses and a low metabolism. Also, the healing process is complicated as there are numerous extrinsic and intrinsic contributing factors that influence the development and healing of pressure ulcers. Therefore, in this study, the healing progress of an eighty-six year old elderly individual with a Stage III heel ulcer is examined two months after he was discharged from the hospital. Along with regular follow-up consultations at the podiatry department in the hospital, proper wound care instructions are also given to the nursing home staff. It is found that careful and proper wound care, a sufficiently nutritious diet, regular repositioning and appropriate use of pressure ulcer preventive instruments are the main elements that enhance healing. The time required for healing may be a lengthy period, but still possible.


The article analyzes problems of providing free secondary legal aid in Ukraine. Based on the studied statistical indicators, it is determined, that the most unresolved issues are the availability and quality of legal aid. It is stated, that in order to overcome these obstacles, the state, represented by the authorized bodies, cooperates with many international organizations, participates in international technical assistance projects and provides communication with international and national public organizations. Based on the study, it is noted, that today attention should be paid not only to highlight the possibility of obtaining free secondary legal aid, but also to the dissemination of mechanisms for obtaining such assistance and their features. It is determined, that today in Ukraine the state and public organizations are actively working to increase the level of availability of free legal aid in Ukraine. The Law of Ukraine «On Free Legal Aid» contains a detailed list of persons entitled, in particular, to receive free secondary legal aid, the rights and obligations of entities to provide such assistance. However due to the abstract nature of legal norms and the style of their presentation, there is a need in society to explain these regulations to the population. To this end, various activities are carried out, in particular, cooperation with the media, publishing brochures, distributing educational videos on the Internet, which has a positive character and, as a consequence, achieving the goal – increasing the availability of free legal aid in Ukraine. The participation of representatives of the international community in providing free legal aid is analyzed. It was stated, that the representatives of the Council of Europe recommended that the national institutions improve the legal framework for the provision of free legal aid in order to make the institution more accessible and understandable to those entitled to receive it. In addition, the Council of Europe recommended improving the area of criminal justice in terms of coherence of efforts to provide each suspect or accused with affordable and quality legal assistance. It is noted, that the quality of free legal aid depends on many factors. In particular, lawyers discussed the thesis of incentives to provide quality assistance, as in a significant number of cases the lawyer interferes with concentration, and as a consequence, reduces the level of positive decisions. It is determined, that free legal aid does not provide support to citizens in applying to international judicial institutions, such as the European Court of Human Rights


X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements on silicon surfaces cleaned by HF/Ethanol treatments are described using silicon wafers with (100) vicinal surfaces. The composition of the surfaces (Silicon, Oxygen, Fluorine and Carbon) has been measured leading to the conclusion of good passivated surfaces. Moreover, for each vicinal direction, the F 1s , C 1s ,O 1s and Si 2p lines have been decomposed into several components corresponding to different chemical bonds. The more significant results show that the percentages of the two components for Fluorine depend on the total amount of Oxygen and are related to the Si-F and Si-O-F bonds. On the other hand, the two complementary doublets necessary to fit the Si 2p band can be related to the Si-H and Si-F bonds and change with orientation and/or roughness of the considered surface. The native oxide formation also points out significant differences in the behaviour of each vicinal direction. The thickness and structure of the oxide and the remaining amount of Fluorine reflect the influence of the initial RMS-microroughness determined by Atomic Force Microscopy which changes from 0.05nm for (100) to 0. lnm for (911).


The quality of wines depends on the soil, the climatic circumstances, the technology, and the variety of grapes. Since the Egri Bikavér (Bull's blood of Eger) is a cuvee wine, for its production, different 1-year-old red wines (Blauburger, Cabernet sauvignon, Cabernet franc, Kékfrankos, Merlot) are mixed in well-selected ratios. Our investigations were focused on red wines of 2007 vintage produced by the same technology from five different varieties of grapes cultivated in the same agricultural area and on the Bikavér produced in 2006 by the mixing of five different 1-year-old wines as mentioned above. The concentration of trace elements and ochratoxin A were determined by inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography techniques, respectively. It was established that the variety of grapes produced at the same territory has practically no influence on the trace element concentration of the investigated red wines. In addition, the concentration of ochratoxin A has remained in all cases <0.1 µg L−1, considerably lower than the European regulatory limit of 2 µg L−1.


The Castulo cup is one of the most common black glaze Attic forms in the Iberian Peninsula from the Atlantic coast to Ampurias. Their date in the Iberian Peninsula is some years later than that proposed for Athens. They did not appear till some years after the second half of the 5th c. B.C. Their production probably continued until the first quarter of the 4th century B.C. They are almost fixed in their form for about a century, but some differences in the outside decoration and the underside of the foot can be pointed out. Two main types are proposed for the second half of the 5th century and the first quarter of the 4th century B.C. The differences in date compared with those found at Athens can be explained as an adaptation of the workshops to the demands of Iberian customers. Athen's artisans continued making Castulo cups for export at a time when in Athens they did not use them any more, because the stemless cup had been replaced by the popular kantharoi and cup-kantharoi.


The utility model relates to a gas-solid-solid external circulation fluidizing reactor for a catalytic reaction system. The reactor comprises a fixed bed, a fluidized bed, a gas distributor, a tube array heat exchanger and a cyclone separator. The fluidized bed is positioned outside the fixed bed, and the upper and the lower parts of the fluidized bed and the fixed bed are respectively connected by upper communicating pipes. A gas separator is positioned at the lower part of the fixed bed. The cyclone separator is positioned at the upper parts of the fluidized bed and the fixed bed. Large granules on the fixed bed are served as catalysts, and small granules can be served as heat carriers or adsorbing agents. The tube array heat exchanger is positioned in the fluidized bed. The reactor has the advantages of light weight, simplified operation, high single-pass yield coefficient, etc.


In response to 'Nurse consultation style is becoming more "medical"' (news August 15), summarising my paper presented at the recent International Network of Nurse Practitioners and Advanced Practice Nurses conference, I would like to add these comments. The findings of our research clearly demonstrate that indeed there is no definitive model which neatly divides the consultation styles of nurse practitioners (NPs) and GPs.


In this paper, change in the illumination condition of the background due to degraded lightning condition is analyzed and graded based on three methods using Weber's law. We present a comparison of the background using three methods. The first method consist of block by block approximation of the gray scale image, while the second method morphological transformations like morphological opening and closing are carried out which consist of the morphological erosion and dilation to detect the background in the images characterized by poor lighting. Opening by reconstruction is used to obtain the background. The objective of contrast operators are employed to avoid abrupt changes in the intensity within the image. Finally, the performance of all the three methods is compared on the basis of the histogram and their SNR curves plotted for all the three methods. The paper consists of three equations. The equations are based on the Weber's law. By applying these equations, the image background is determined and it is enhanced. And the input and the enhanced image are represented in the graphical form also.


In his quest to provide a theoretical explanation for the militarized social control format that dominates West Africa, Biko Agozino in this chapter delves into a brief legal history of West Africa and the imperialist roles of powerful Western (European) countries in Africa. He contends that the colonizing Western countries, as well as their indigenous postcolonial versions (deputy imperialists of gunslinger capitalism, p. 117), are responsible for the gunboat or gunslinger criminology (p. 117) that pervades contemporary West Africa. The author is of the view that the true nature of the West African criminology and social control is to be found in an in-depth analysis and understanding of the West African pre-colonial, colonial, and postcolonial histories.


Legumes (pulses) contain a wide array of antinutritional factors (ANFs) associated with their nutrients. Suitable scientific and technological processing methods are needed for the elimination of ANFs without affecting the nutritional potential of the pulses. In the present study the selected underutilized pulses [Mucuna monosperma DC wall ex and Mucuna pruriens var. utilis. (Dc wall ex Wight) (Baker ex Burck)] were subjected to differential processing methods to assess their effectiveness in eliminating oligosaccharides which cause flatus in consuming humans. Between the two treatments (soaking followed by cooking and crude α-galactosidase treatment), the crude α-galactosidase enzyme treatment is found to be more effective in eliminating significant levels of oligosaccharides(70-90%).


In the contemporary construction management, poor project performance, cost overrun, 14 and low-quality construction have become a central point of attention for improving project 15 performance including information, interaction and communication management. virtual design 16 and construction and building information modelling play indispensable role in improving the 17 project performance. The aim of this study is to propose a Virtual Information Modeling as a novel 18 information and communication technology method with potential to overcome problems in the 19 construction industry. Using one-sample t test with Kolmogorov-Smirnov approach, we analysed 20 data collected from structured questionnaire survey involving project managers working at 21 architecture, engineering and construction industries in Tehran, Iran. The results suggest that the 22 most important benefits and challenges of using Virtual Information Modeling are related to the 23 area of integration, and implementation of Virtual Information Modeling has the greatest impact on 24 this area of project management knowledge. Thus, integration should be considered a top priority 25 for construction companies implementing Virtual Information Modeling in their projects. 26 Policymakers should understand that careful management of virtual information is essential for 27 improving the performance of projects and enhancing the process efficiency. 28


In my experience, it is somewhat rare to find a work that is not only scholarly and detailed enough to satisfy experienced practitioners in the field, but also so well written as to be easily understandable to those less experienced or just beginning their work. In Expressing Emotion, the authors have produced just such a work. Their writing style is clear and concise without the hyperbole and obfuscation with which some authors try to impress their readers. They make very clear that both the experiencing of emotion and the way such emotions are expressed to oneself and to others create a complex network of events and experiences. They very quickly put to rest the idea, perhaps more popular among the lay public than professionals, that letting emotions "hang out" is all that is needed to experience relief and psychological progress. They do not deny the possible therapeutic effects of ventilation, but they point out that both the experiencing of emotions and the expression of emotions are considerably more complicated than that.

The student is well served by definitions of key terms in describing emotions (arousal, behavior, experience, expression, reflection, non-expression), so that it is always clear what the authors are talking about. In addition, the organization of the book—an overview followed by sections dealing first with intrapersonal emotional processes, then interpersonal processes, and finally the implications for treatment planning—helps the reader move from the theoretical to the practical implications of the authors' ideas.

The authors' theoretical discussions of emotion are interesting and necessary, but for me, the most useful part of their work is their section on the treatment implications. Here they are very liberal in the use of clinical examples so as to be most helpful to the clinician. They address expression and nonexpression as facilitators of emotional understanding and behavioral change; the therapeutic approaches to emotional constriction in depression; vacillating expression and nonexpression in bereavement and trauma; emotional expression in marital therapy; and expression-related interventions in health psychology. One may not always agree with the treatment recommendations, but these are always clearly put forward so that experienced readers know where they disagree and those with less experience have a useful framework for the evaluation of other ideas as they come upon them.

Perhaps a brief quote from their work will give some indication of their style:

The relationship between emotional expression and emotional insight is complex. In some cases, expression is simply a consequence, a direct sign of emotional insight. In other cases expression is a cause of emotional understanding through self observation, verbalization, or social feedback. In still other cases, certain forms of emotional expression may be a sign of lack of insight. For instance, when expression involves perseverative attention to poorly understood emotional distress, such as repeated expressions of 'I feel bad,' it indicates a lack of emotional understanding. Expression can also be used as a means of defensively avoiding emotional awareness through emotional substitution, such as when anger is expressed to avoid acknowledging feelings of sadness.

The implication of all of this is that when clients show deficits in emotional insight, it is important for therapists to determine whether these deficits are related to a lack of attention to inner experience, to skill deficits in emotional processing, or to a motivated lack of awareness of emotional experience. Therapists need to assess the role of emotional expression or nonexpression in contributing to or correcting a lack of emotional insight. When emotional expression enables individuals to label and understand their emotions, and to extract information from them, it fosters emotional insight, directs coping efforts, and should lead to enhanced well-being. When expression persists at the lowest levels of emotional awareness, or when it disguises genuine feelings, it is not related to emotional insight. In these cases, emotional expression may be harmful because it merely intensifies negative feelings and interferes with functioning.

The authors do not claim all ideas presented in their work as their own. They are quite generous in giving credit to others whose ideas they have incorporated. The bibliography is extensive and well researched and provides a valuable pathway for those interested in obtaining more information on the areas discussed. This work is a valuable addition to our understanding of the roles of emotion in both psychopathology and health and should be a valuable resource for students in all aspects of the field of mental health.


Measured mean annual runoff (Q) and suspended sediment yield (SSY) from selected rural watersheds (5 km2 5 AREA I 1100 km2) in the Coastal Plain, Piedmont and mountain regions of North Carolina were used to develop regression equations to predict Q and SSY as a function of climatic and watershed characteristics. The selected independent variables for prediction of Q were mean annual precipitation and main channel slope for the Coastal Plain (n = 12), and the ratio of mean annual precipitation to mean annual temperature for a combined equation for the Piedmont and mountain regions (n=47). The selected independent variables for predicting SSY were percent of watershed area upstream of ponds and percent of forest cover for the Coastal Plain (n= 12); watershed mean elevation, estimated mean annual gross erosion, road density, drainage density and percent of watershed upstream of ponds for the Piedmont (n=25); and watershed mean elevation and percent of cropland for the mountain region (n = 16). Regression equations to predict monthly and annual mean air temperature and mean air temperature ranges were also derived using 57 meteorological stations with 30-year records of temperature. A procedure for predicting maximum and minimum temperatures was also developed. An estimate of the temperature lapse rates due to elevation and latitude was proposed. Finally, a study was conducted to select a sampling procedure and determine the required sample size for estimating drainage density @d) in watersheds less than 1,100 krn2 in area. Results indicate that a stratified systematic sampling procedure, using topographic maps of scale 1:24,000 and based on soil associations as strata, is a convenient approach for the Piedmont and mountain regions. On the average, a sample of 25 square sampling units (0.647 krn2 each) in the Piedmont and mountain regions may estimate watershed drainage density within 10% error at (Y = 0.05. Results in the Coastal Plain indicate that sample size is highly variable and can be as large as 80 sampling units. Due to the inability to accurately delineate watersheds and channel networks and the presence of large wetlands, the concept Dd as a natural hydrologic index is not useful in the Coastal Plain region.


To provide a scientific reference for land management in Luan County,land use change of Luan County during 1996—2009 was analyzed by employing Lorentz curve and Jini coefficient.Results:1) Farmland decreased by 7085.35 hm2 and construction land rapidly enlarged from 1996 to 2009,the proportion of construction land increased from 10.81% to 18.01%;2) Farmland mainly changed into construction land,orchard and woodland.While orchard and woodland mainly changed into farmland and construction land,the unused land changed into farmland and orchard and woodland;3) Rural settlements,cultivated land,other agricultural land were close to the absolute equilibrium line,while the town-land was close to absolute equilibrium line in a certain degree,but it was still the most unequal;4) In 2009 the Jini coefficients of farm land and other agricultural land and rural settlements were below 0.2.The Jini coefficient of unused land was the biggest.Conclusion: 1) The most important cause was enlarging of construction land in land use change and controlling construction land was a core measure;Combined application of Lorentz curve and Jini coefficient was an effective method to study land use change.


In the petroleum industry, precise information about the individual flow rates of oil-gas-water flows are needed for safe and economical production. The determination of the individual flow rates requires an accurate measurement of the individual volume fractions which is a complicated task because of varying properties of the media. The measurement uncertainty of common three-phase flowmeters is strongly dependent on the flow regime. In this contribution, we propose an ultra-wideband (UWB) tomography concept to determine the individual volume fractions of multiphase flows in metal measurement pipes accounting for different flow regimes. A microwave coupling structure has been developed, which consists of a dielectric window and a waveguide with an UWB coaxial-to-rectangular-waveguide transition. A 2-channel test system has been realized and the complex transmittances and reflectances have been measured in the frequency range from 1.1 GHz to 6.0 GHz for different homogeneous media (air, rapeseed oil, and water with different salinities). The measurement results confirm the assumption of the proposed concept that it is possible to distinguish between the oil, gas, and water because of their different complex permittivities. The impact of the waveguides on the measurement results can be compensated in the frequency range from 1.1 GHz to 3.0 GHz by means of a TRL-calibration. Above 3 GHz, the excitation of higher-order waveguide modes lead to narrowband resonances in the measured frequency responses.


Purpose of reviewPerinatal hypoxia-ischemia is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in term infants. The developing brain is uniquely vulnerable to hypoxic-ischemic injury, with a complex evolution of injury that affords opportunities for intervention, yet potentially jeopardizes normal maturational processes. Recent findingsData published over the past year have provided insights into the evolution of injury, and have suggested a greater role for oxidants and inflammatory mediators. SummaryThe search for ideal neuroprotective agents and techniques for timely injury detection is actively progressing and has led to advances in our understanding of pathogenesis.


In past years, we experienced some incidents which realize the significance of human in vitro metabolism. In a case of 156-S, this drug caused drug-drug interactions in human clinical study but not observed in rats. Differences between CYP2C enzymes in human and rat were observed in vitro later, and confirmed recently by computational 3D-model analysis. After 156-S and terfenadine incidents, we established human in vitro test system for drug-drug interactions. Rilmazafone was an example that human in vitro studies revealed not to be affected by CYP inhibitors since hydrolysis pathway is the major elimination route. And, in a certain project, in vitro metabolism of compounds with human liver microsomes injected us an insight to chose appropriate lead compound from four candidates. As mentioned above, human in vitro studies give us a lot of important information. As future aspects, human hepatocyte system covers more comprehensive metabolic mechanisms, and useful to postulate metabolites formed in vivo. Further, computational 3D-model analysis of drug metabolizing enzymes will be a powerful tool to estimate metabolic stability and possibility of enzyme inhibition.


In the recent light of the 4th Industrial Revolution particularly in medical industries, the use of medical robot is an adaptable alternative to reduce the burden in medical services. A mobile robot is normally developed and embedded with numerous sensors especially for its indoor positioning system. This matter has hindered the use of such robots as it increases the development cost. One solution is to employ the readily available sensors such as Wi-Fi. Wi-Fi is widely deployed, and it does not have additional hardware to configure unlike Bluetooth. Despite the potential of Wi-Fi, some adjustment needs to be executed to provide a better accuracy. The Wi-Fi signal has their own disadvantage such as the multipath and shadowing effect making it stand-alone unreliable. Hence, the fingerprinting technique is proposed to solve this issue. The fingerprinting technique mainly used one device in collecting the fingerprinting database. Nonetheless, if the device is broken or new software needed to deploy, the device needs to be substituted. The contribution of this paper is to investigate the behavior of different devices in the fingerprinting method and evaluate the positioning result.


Background As members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) do not only act as central metabolic regulators but simultaneously orchestrate the inflammatory response and bone homeostasis. However, underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Objectives Here we aimed to study the role of the nuclear receptor PPARdelta in bone biology and during the regulation of energy homeostasis by the skeleton. Methods We analysed the involvement of PPARdelta in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into osteoblasts. Furthermore, we generated mice with a conditional deletion of PPARdelta in osteoblasts by crossing animals carrying floxed alleles of PPARdelta with mice expressing a Cre recombinase under the Runx2 promoter. Results We observed a robust induction of the expression of PPARdelta during the differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts, whereas PPARgamma was downregulated. Notably, deletion of PPARdelta in MSCs resulted in an impaired differentiation of osteoblasts. Mice carrying a conditional deletion of PPARdelta in pre-osteoblasts showed reduced numbers of osteocytes, osteopenia and developed insulin resistence. Conclusions Our data demonstrates a crucial role of PPARdelta in the differentiation of osteoblasts and identifies this nuclear receptor as an important factor mediating the crosstalk between systemic energy homeostasis and the skeleton. Disclosure of Interest None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4341


The decades going before the Great Depression and the U.S. subprime financial crises have close similarities. The two decades were described by fas t development without significant withdrawals, by an expansion in liquidity, an absence of swelling, and a summed up diminish in hazard pr emiums. Extra likenesses included noteworthy changes in the financing of land by business banks alongside a solidification of the saving money segment and high expectations that the effectiveness of fiscal strat egy would anticipate monetary emergencies. Th decades were likewise described by the union of the forces of youthful national banks (the Federal Rese rve System in the 1920s and the European Central Bank in the 2000s), by unsuccessful endeavors to control showcase hypothesis, by their global measur and by the ejection of emergencies after the disappointment of a noteworthy American money related foundation that could have been dodged. Understanding these analogies enable us to better distinguish the reasons for the subprime contract emergency and keep history from rehashing itself to the degree of such substantial scale obliterating results. The unfriendly occurrence of the money related market emergency and the investigation of the gener al effect of these antagonistic occasions spoke to and still speak to a subject of enthusiasm for scientis ts in financial matters, humanism, history, and the sciences. Dissecting emergency, especially monetary emergency, the elements creating and applying examples to come back to ordinary is a predictable and auspicious worry of analysts in financial aspects. After development in mid 2007, which we will call the Great Recession, because of the impacts felt by | Volume – 2 | Issue – 5 | JulAug 2018 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume Journal of Trend in Scientific and Development (IJTSRD) International Open Access Journal Great Dipression and Financial Crises Krishnakant Prajapati , L.L.B, Indore Institute of Law Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India


Non-linear devices draw non-sinusoidal currents from the source; hence, they cause harmonic distortions in power systems. The shunt active power filter (SAPF) is a well-known method for alleviating current harmonics, compensating the reactive power and improving the power factor; however, the effective design of an SAPF is quite challenging and a thrust area of research. The current controlling technique, switching pulse generation technique and parameter selection are cumbersome tasks in SAPF design. SAPF performance depends on the proper selection of many parameters, such as filter interfacing impedance, DC-link capacitor and PI-controller gains. The effect of these parameters on the performance of SAPF has been studied and optimum values have been obtained by using the Taguchi method. This paper also indicates the benefits of using the Taguchi method compared with existing genetic algorithm (GA) for optimizing the parameters of the SAPF. An instantaneous reactive power theory (IRPT)-based SAPF has been modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. The SAPF's parameters have been optimized by using the both proposed Taguchi SNR and the existing GA method. With optimized values of parameters results have been obtained, analyzed and the superiority of the proposed Taguchi method over the existing GA method is discussed. The simulation results were also validated with experimental results.


In this technical report we describe an application of spectral methods to numerically solve some nonlinear Schrodinger equations with dissipative terms and carefully study the problem of vortex formation.


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The history of science documents how our perception of the natural world changes over time, and cancer research is no exception, having shifted profoundly as new information opened uncharted paths to empirical truths. Most illustrative of a seismic shift of our world-view is


1. The fertilized eggs of Nereis limbata were treated with mixtures of sea water and a 0.54 M stock solution of LiCl, ranging from 2 per cent to 100 per cent for periods of 15 minutes to 36 hours. Treatment was begun 75 minutes after insemination of the eggs, shortly before the appearance of the first cleavage.2. No exogastrulae were observed. There were a few cases of marked abnormalities in the endodermal components of the trochophores within a very narrow range of treatment (15 per cent for 6, 8 and 10 hours).3. The main abnormalities observed in the experimental larvae were: Absence of the apical tuft, lengthening of the prototrochal cilia, absence of these cilia in varying degrees, abnormalities in the anal and prototrochal pigments, absence or abnormality of the eye spots, deficiencies in the number of prototrochal cells, atypical seta sacs, abnormalities in the number and position of oil droplets. The degree of abnormality in these cases seemed to be roughly proportional to the severity of treatment.


Purpose – The paper aims to evaluate 141 publicly traded US firms in the traditional sectors of the economy to assess intellectual capital disclosure levels.Design/methodology/approach – Content analysis was conducted using 10‐K annual reports.Findings – It was found that traditional sector companies had a mean disclosure of intellectual capital of 24.227 in fiscal year 2000 and 27.709 in fiscal year 2004 (t=3.68, df = 140, p=0.01). This supported the authors hypothesis that traditional sector companies would show an increase in the level of intellectual capital disclosure in 2004 as compared to 2000. Within the total sample, 78 companies increased their intellectual capital disclosure in fiscal year 2004 as compared to fiscal year 2000 (z=−3.4756, p=0.01).Research limitations/implications – While the authors generated 121 phrases to tap the intellectual capital construct, there may be other word combinations given the differences in vocabulary between academia and the corporate world.Practical implicatio...


Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can be evaluated with ultrasound using both gray scale and Doppler mode. Gray scale provides cross-sectional images of joints, whereas Doppler shows the vascularity of the proliferated synovium. In RA, ultrasound can detect sub-clinical or early synovitis, assess arthritis more accurately than through clinical examination, and predict recurrence. In particular, a Doppler signal detected inside the joint cavity correlates with disease activity. Imaging remission can reflect the true remission status more accurately than with clinical remission. In this review, we focus on the use of ultrasonographic findings for the diagnosis, assessment, and prediction of RA. (Korean J Med 2015;89:609-615)


An aerobic, heterogeneously catalyzed oxidative intramolecular coupling reaction of aromatic compounds is reported here. Using commercially available, recyclable heterogeneous metal catalysts, the coupling reactions of o-terphenyls and 1,ω-biarylalkanes proceeded quickly under mild conditions, i.e., at room temperature under oxygen as a co-oxidant almost all within 1 h, to provide the corresponding coupled products like triphenylenes and phenanthrenes in good to excellent yields. This reaction is an easily handled, practical, and atom-economical coupling method, which is of great importance in modern organic syntheses.


Vapor-liquid separation during condensation enables the enhancement of heat transfer coefficient and reduction in pressure drop simultaneously. The vapor-liquid separator is vital to the performance of such a liquid-separation condenser (LSC). It should fulfill the functions of allowing the condensate to drain away as much as possible from the separator and leaving only vapor to continue condensing afterwards. However, due to the intensive interactions between the liquid and vapor, it is really hard to achieve perfect vapor-liquid separation, adding new uncertainties to the maldistributions in the branch outlets of a parallel condenser. To discover more insights of the flow conditions in the header and phase distributions, the characteristics of the orifice-baffle header are studied by using CFD and the mechanistic model for the droplet analysis is established by means of force balance in this paper. A parametrical analysis is carried out to discover the effects of operating conditions. It is found that the maximum vapor-liquid separation efficiency (η) is 51.94% as the inlet mass flow rate (ṁin) is 12 g/s. The vapor leakage from the orifice because of the liquid impact is one of the main reasons that deteriorate the vapor-liquid separation performance. Moreover, the vortex in the header increases the local mass flux, thereafter decreasing the droplet diameter. With the increasing of ṁin, the dominant force of the droplet in the vertical direction switches from FG to FD2.


The benefits of breastfeeding are widely accepted; however, one of the likely advantages of breastfeeding is often overlooked: breastfeeding may help protect against postnatal depression. An earlier article (Donaldson-Myles, 2011) reviewed the evidence of the beneficial effects of breastfeeding against postnatal depression. This article now examines the hormonal changes engendered by human suckling and lactation which appear to reduce the incidence of depression. It explores the role of stress and inflammation in depression together with the attenuating effects of the hormones of lactation. Prolactin and oxytocin are shown to have an inhibitory influence on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis which is activated at times of stress. In addition, evidence that oxytocin has a central calming effect on the brain is discussed. An understanding of the moderating effects of the lactational hormones on postnatal depression could assist midwives in encouraging vulnerable women to breastfeed and help combat this...


a rather simplistic way clinicians have assumed that neck flexion will cause mechanical stresses only to the cervical cord. Movement of the cord relative to the thoracic spine may also occur during neck flexion, and could be a mechanism of this woman's symptomatology. For this reason it is important that myelography include examination of the entire spinal cord in patients describing this symptom, in whom electric shock sensations radiate only to the legs. We thank Mr RV Jeffreys and Dr P Buxton for surgical and pathological details respectively of this case.


A function of asphalt emulsions is often to rejuvenate the surface of an aged asphalt concrete roadway. However, it is unclear as to the effectiveness of different types of asphalt emulsions, as most current testing is empirical and does not give an indication of field performance. Using asphalt concrete beams from the surface of a roadway in the Bending Beam Rheometer is a new approach that may give an indication of an asphalt emulsion's ability to decrease the stiffness. Seven emulsions at three application rates on two roadways were examined to identify the effect of emulsion on the stiffness and m-value of asphalt concrete. The addition of asphalt emulsion generally decreased the stiffness of the aged pavement samples; however, results were fairly erratic and inconsistent compared to change in m-value. The addition of emulsion consistently increased the m-value. Requiring an aged asphalt m-value increase of 0.05–0.06 was suggested as an initial value for consideration within specifications for projects where rejuvenation is a first-order concern.


The dependence of the breathing-like phonon modes (BLM) and tangential-like phonon modes (TLM) of individual, finite and infinite bundles of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) as a function of the relative lengths of the inner (Li) and outer (Lo) tubes is calculated by using the spectral moments method in the framework of the bond-polarization theory. Depending on the relative lengths of the inner (Li) and outer (Lo) tubes, additional modes are evidenced in the BLM region. These modes must be considered in the analysis of the experimental data.


The transfer of authority and responsibility for some public functions from one level of government, especially national government, to a second sphere (provincial) or a third sphere (local governments) has been adopted by many countries with the understanding that such health system decentralisation can help to address political, managerial and operational issues in terms of systemic efficiency and cost-effectiveness.While South Africa's health system is already structured with a certain degree of decentralisation, the implementation of National Health Insurance (National Health Insurance) and the proposed creation of District Health Authorities as outlined in the Green Paper on NHI, implies that the country will now have to undertake several further steps in decentralising its health system. If poorly designed or ineffectively implemented, decentralisation can exacerbate existing inequalities and inefficiencies and create new challenges and problems.This chapter explores several possibilities for the implementation of a coherent decentralisation system which addresses the health needs of the population. The authors also provide an extensive overview of the various forms and decentralisation and then offer some lessons, caveats and important issues that must be taken into account in the country's journey to further decentralisation. The potential role of the National Department of Health in a new decentralised system is considered, and several criteria to guide and stagger the decentralisation process are offered.The authors conclude that while decentralisation is not without its disadvantages, decentralisation of health care services in South Africa can make a phenomenal impact on the quality and access to much-needed health services for the most vulnerable populations, particularly women and children and further note that ongoing monitoring and evaluation against set targets will be needed in order to achieve successful implementation of the envisaged NHI-funded health system.


I am excited to join Dan Vaughn as Editor-in-Chief of JMMT. We have made some changes to the Instructions to Authors with the addition of Resident/Fellow's case problem with a 2,000 words maximum of manuscript length. We hope to attract the unusual cases with validated diagnostic findings and treatment outcomes. To streamline the manuscripts and avoid additional authors' work at the end of the review process, the maximum length of Research and systematic reviews and meta-analyses manuscripts is now standardized to 4,000 words and the case study reports to 3,000 words. Authors will also need to include in the abstracts the level of evidence for their Research/Case Report manuscript. We encourage authors also to submit video files of techniques, which can be published online, would the manuscript be accepted for publication. Make sure to ensure blinding of the manuscript during the submission process by excluding authors' names, institution name, Institutional Review Board name and names in the acknowledgements' section of the manuscript submitted for review. We strive to keep the review process blinded.

JMMT is also seeking Index into Medline. At the moment JMMT manuscripts titles and abstracts are available on PubMed starting from year 2007 until present.

Finally, JMMT manuscript submissions doubled from 2011 to 2013 with a rejection rate at about 40% for the last three years. Thank you for all for submitting your research work to JMMT!


The global war has disrupted trade, production, and consumption, leading to increased commodity prices and a threat to global food security. The article examines the long-term consequences of the war on global food and environmental security, focusing on disruptions in food markets and infrastructure destruction. The study utilizes the FAOSTAT database and food security indicators to assess the state of food security in Russia and Ukraine from 2010 to 2021. The results reveal numerous negative direct and indirect effects on food and environmental security, with the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) being among the most affected regions. Prior to the Russian invasion in February 2022, Ukraine was a major grain exporter to the MENA region. However, the war caused extreme volatility in food insecurity. Among the key consequences of the war, it should be mentioned about the decrease in the volume of production of agricultural products in Ukraine due to the reduction of cultivated areas as a result of blockades and destruction, which led to export restrictions, and loss of producers' income. The countries of the Global South are most vulnerable to the food crisis (Turkey, Egypt, Georgia, Tunisia, Morocco, Libya), given the significant import dependence on Ukraine and the significant increase in product prices. The war has also resulted in pollution of water and land resources, air contamination, supply and sewage problems, and deteriorating sanitary conditions.


Background and Purpose— Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is thought to be a risk factor for cerebrovascular atherosclerosis and complications. We investigated the prognostic impact of Mg serum levels with respect to the occurrence of neurological events in patients with advanced atherosclerosis. Methods— We prospectively studied 323 patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease and intermittent claudication (197 men; median age, 68 years). Serum Mg was determined, and patients were followed for a median of 20 months (interquartile range, 12 to 25 months) for the occurrence of neurological events, defined as ischemic stroke and/or carotid revascularization (carotid endarterectomy or carotid stenting). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis was applied to assess the association of serum Mg (in tertiles) and neurological events. Results— Neurological events occurred in 35 patients (11%) (15 patients with stroke, 13 with carotid revascularization, and 7 with stroke and subsequent revascularization). Co...


The Tri Hita Karana (THK) concept has not been widely used in promoting tourism in Bali, even though the THK concept can be applied in promotional media. The promotional media will have a distinctiveness or selfhood among the existing promotional media. With the development of science and technology and the increasing influence of tourism today, the THK concept is gradually being ignored and even forgotten, replaced by other concepts that come from outside, which are not necessarily suitable for use in Bali, especially in the process of promoting Bali for the benefit of tourism. In connection with this issue, this paper intends to provide an understanding of three main points: (1) the THK concept, (2) promotional media, and (3) tips for designing tourism promotion media based on the THK concept. This research uses the semiotic method. The semiotic method is a qualitative interpretive, a method that focuses on the sign and text as the object of study and how the researcher interprets and understands the code behind the character and reader. The THK concept in promoting Bali tourism can be applied in promotional media in logos, brochures, leaflets, flyers, billboards, newspaper advertisements, television advertisements, flight magazines, and stickers. The promotional media contains illustrations, text, colors, and typography that contain messages to persuade people and have their own identity. The meaning of natural harmony can form a local Balinese identity; this concept has been applied by Balinese people, especially in every context of everyday people's cultural life.


The effects of temperature changes are of secondary importance in the design of structures and receive scant attention in the Codes of Practice. The designer judges how much consideration is devoted to thermal effects. Concrete construction predominates in literature reports of distress resulting from these effects. This paper gives methods of establishing the design parameters and methods of analysis of thermal stresses. Examples of various effects noted on structures are cited to illustrate configurations where specific action may be required in design.


Quality management process is one of the most crucial pillars in manufacturing companies operations. Years of experience in production brought numerous of management tools and techniques that are supporting this process mainly tough self-inspection. This involves large amount of data generation that very often is not cross check for non-quality detection purpose. Presented document describes possibilities to implement IT tool that would enable real time data processing. Proposed solution would enable to analyze information from different sources, check consistency, match results, pursuit reaction and escalation rules in case of risk detection. It also would impose systematic approach in operations execution supporting efficiently management to avoid non quality costs.


Study Design: This is a retrospective clinical study. Objectives: To know how the associated foot or ankle fracture influences the fracture pattern in the thoracolumbar burst fractures caused by falls from height. Summary of Literature Review: There were few studies on how the foot or ankle fracture influences the thoracolumbar fracture caused by falls from height. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 46 subjects, who underwent surgery due to burst fracture of the thoracic or lumbar region, caused by fall accidents, from May 2004 to October 2008. Among them, we defined 19 cases that had associated foot or ankle fractures as group A, and the other 27 cases as group B. We analyzed the differences of radiological and clinical findings, and functional outcomes between the two groups. Results: The falling heights were higher in group A than in group B (P<0.01). Thoracolumbar junction (T11-L2) was the most common location involved in both groups, but group A had more fractures on the lower lumbar region (L3-5), relatively (p=0.03). Kyphotic deformity was more severe in group B (p=0.01) but there were no significant differences in the wedge angle, amount of canal compromise, compression rate of anterior column between both groups (p=0.08, 0.46, 0.76). More segments were fused in group B (P=0.04). Neurologic deficit was more common in group B (p=0.03), but there were many complications related with foot or ankle fractures in group A (38%).There was no significant difference in the final clinical outcome between both groups (Pain scale p= 0.48, Work scale p=1.00). Conclusions: In patients who had burst fractures in the thoracic or lumbar region associated with foot or ankle fractures, there was a tendency to increase the incidence of lower lumbar fracture, relatively. The neurologic deficits were less common in this group of patients, but there was no difference in the functional outcome.


This paper deals with the effect of mass and radiative heat transfer on free convective flow of a viscous incompressible optically thick fluid towards a vertical surface has been investigated. The nonlinear non-dimensional, similarity-transformed boundary-layer equations of the problem are solved analytically.  The resulting equations are solved analytically by using Homotopy analysis method. The velocity field, temperature field and concentration distribution have been discussed and the analytical results are presented graphically. This type of problem is significantly relevant to geophysical and astrophysical studies.


The rearing of chicken in India has undergone a drastic change from backyard production to commercial intensive farming. This has led to the use of antibiotics in therapy, metaphylaxis and as growth promoters. Escherichia coli are commensals that inhabit the gut of man and animals. The detection of virulent pathotypes of E. coli in chicken is a huge threat to human health. The present study assessed 200 retail chicken sold in central Kerala for the presence of virulent E. coli and studied the tetracycline susceptibility followed by detection of tetA and tetB gene. E. coli was detected in 64 per cent of the samples. The virulence genes, eaeA and aggR were detected in 52.2 and 3.9 per cent of the E. coli isolates, respectively. Tetracycline resistance by antibiotic susceptibility testing (ABST) was found in 30.84 per cent of the virulent isolates. The tetracycline efflux pump protein coding genes, tetA and tetB were detected in 56.67 and 25 per cent, respectively. The detection of drug resistant bacteria is a threat to public health as tetracycline is classified as a highly important antibiotic in human medicine.


This article draws the profile of the formal entrepreneurship in a the city of Aracati in the state of Ceara aiming the perception of characteristics, abilities and enterprising attitudes, highlighting the identification of the micro and small businesses that requested operation


This paper describes the ohmic contact formation between a TiW film as a contact material deposied by RF magnetron sputter and polycrystalline 3C-SiC films deposied on thermally grown Si wafers. The specific contact resistance (Pc) of the TiW contact was measured by using the C-TLM. The contact phase and interfacial reaction between TiW and 3C-SiC at high-temperature were also analyzed by XRD and SEM. All of the samples didn't show cracks of the TiW film and any interfacial reaction after annealing. Especially. when the sample was annealed at 800° for 30min., the lowest contact resistivity of 2.90×10??Ωㆍ㎠ was obtained due to the improved interfacial adhesion.


This paper is concerned with fuzzy-model-based stabilization of nonlinear packetized networked control systems (NCSs) with time-varying transmission delays and transmission intervals based on a delay-distribution approach. The real-time distribution of input delays is modeled as a dependent and nonidentically distributed process. A randomly switched Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy system with multiple input-delay subsystems is proposed to model the nonlinear packetized NCSs. Based on an improved Lyapunov-Krasovskii method, new delay-distribution-dependent sufficient conditions are derived for the deterministic asymptotical stability of the overall systems. The resulting controller design method can be formulated as an iterative linear optimization algorithm with LMI constraints. Numerical examples are presented to substantiate the advantage of our results.


An important issue in UK pension accounting is whether employer sponsored pension schemes are to be effectively treated as financial subsidiaries of the sponsoring firm or as distinct separate entities. This paper tests alternative integration and separation explanations of the impact of switching towards market-based actuarial assumptions on the propensity to terminate under-funded defined benefit pension plans. Evidence is based on accounting, actuarial and share market data for an industry-matched pair sample of 90 UK firms during a period of regulatory uncertainty over the development of pension accounting and funding rules. Consistent with the integration hypothesis, financial characteristics of both the corporate sponsor and the prior switching decision appear to explain the termination decision, even after controlling for other factors posited by alternative explanations for the termination of pension plans.


The inevitable chaos and unpredictability of politics makes trying to achieve policy change a real challenge. But that doesn't mean academics should just give up. Drawing from policy analysis and public affairs lessons, James Lloyd recommends six steps to get researchers going in the right direction towards achieving policy change.


Abstract : The scope of the project includes creating an interface definition language for Quality of Service (QoS) in support of end-to-end composibility and metrics/models and instrumentation for QoS. A design for providing varying degrees of redundancy in an object-oriented distributed system has been completed. Application programmer can specify both a degree of redundancy and the degree of consistency/synchronization among the redundant copies of a resource. The Adaptive Quality of Service Availability (AQuA) project had the objective of controlling the availability of application services in the common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA). The project focused primarily on the problem of crash failures, an secondarily on other failures that would cause untimely or incorrect replies to be received by clients. Under these circumstances, AQuA controls the availability of CORBA services by replicating servers, that is, by providing multiple, essentially identical copies of the server operating on different hosts. In this way, the failure of any one copy of the server or of it host tends to be masked by the correct operation of other copies of the server. The AQuA project demonstrated how a distributed system could provide dependability of service. The AQuA release provides dependability of objects (clients as well as servers) by means of replication of the objects. The provision of dependability is highly controllable and adaptable at run time.


The present paper aims to identify the following:
1-Psychological flow among university students
2- Indication of the difference in the psychological flow among university students according to the gender variable (male females)
3-indication of the difference in the psychological flow among college students, according to the variable area of study (scientific, humane)
 4- Indication of the difference in the psychological flow among college students, according to a variable arrangement congenital, (I, II(
 In order to verify this, the researcher used the psychological flow prepared in accordance with the viewpoint Mihaly scale as it has been applied to the search reached (300) students of students of Basic Education College were chosen randomly cluster, after it has been verified scale properties psychometric, the researcher suggested the results derived
1-Characterized by university students, a good level of psychological flow.
For males and females equally matched by the psychological level of
2-flow there is no difference in the level of flow in the order of congenital them despite the disparate aspects of the environment that surrounds them.
In light of these findings the researcher presented a set of recommendations and proposals.


Disclosed is a low-grade natural manganese dioxide ore iron removal agent of a manganese leaching solution as well as an iron removal method, wherein the manganese dioxide content of the iron removal agent of low-grade natural manganese dioxide ore ranges from 10 to 50 percent, and the specific surface area thereof is between 10 and 70 percent m /g; and a crystal structure of the manganese dioxide adopts a Gamma type or a (Gamma plus Beta) type. The iron removal method is to add the iron removal agent of low-grade natural manganese dioxide ore respectively into a manganese leaching solution which is in a pH<=3 oxidation reaction stage and a manganese leaching solution which is in a pH4-6 adsorption reaction stage; when the low-grade natural manganese dioxide ore, as the iron removal agent, has high content of impurities, the iron removal agents of low-grade natural manganese dioxide ore are put into the manganese leaching solution with a pH value of 4 to 6 all at once; or sulfuric acid is added into the preparing process of a manganese sulfate solution, or the iron removal agent of low-grade natural manganese dioxide ore is added after waste liquid and sulfuric acid are electrolyzed, and then raw material of manganese ore is added. The iron removal agent and iron removal method of low-grade natural manganese dioxide ore have advantages of efficient and stable utilization of manganese dioxide, good effects of iron removal and reducing costs of iron removal.


The purpose of this study is to explore changing trends of the applied human resource (AHR) system in China's private higher education institutions (PHEIs) and to examine the supply of AHRs by considering the dimensions of regional labour demand. The study specifically assesses the AHR demand of regional employment enterprises and the human resource development goals and related curricula in the three branches of PHEIs. It also analyses the employment situation of PHEI graduates and whether they address the actual AHR supply needs of the regional labour market. Six PHEIs and nine enterprises as employers were investigated as the study population, combining qualitative and quantitative data. The findings indicate that China's PHEIs quickly identified and overcame the challenges in their previous student cultivation goals and relevant curricula by researching the regional situation and taking responsibility for meeting demand. As a result, the PHEIs worked on developing transformative human resource systems through various initiatives. Moreover, these transformations of educational content worked in conjunction with a process that matched the graduates with jobs at regional enterprises. The transformed PHEIs are beginning to provide a human resource supply system that successfully expands the AHR supply from the various categories of PHEIs in the region.


Namibia is a large, sparsely populated country in southern Africa that experiences significant health challenges typical of the region, in particular, HIV, tuberculosis (TB) and maternal and neonatal health, but also a growing burden of non-communicable disease (MoHSS, 2013). It is also in the region of the world with the fewest numbers of pharmacists , such that in-country training has recently become a critical issue (FIP, 2009).


It has been experimentally shown that negative exchange interactions can arise in a linear three-dot system when a two-electron double quantum dot is exchange coupled to a larger quantum dot containing on the order of one hundred electrons. The origin of this negative exchange can be traced to the larger quantum dot exhibiting a spin triplet-like rather than singlet-like ground state. Here, we show using a microscopic model based on the configuration interaction (CI) method that both triplet-like and singlet-like ground states are realized depending on the number of electrons. In the case of only four electrons, a full CI calculation reveals that triplet-like ground states occur for sufficiently large dots. These results hold for symmetric and asymmetric quantum dots in both Si and GaAs, showing that negative exchange interactions are robust in few-electron double quantum dots and do not require large numbers of electrons.


Globalization has been the starting off point facing increasing competition it has been evident in recent years between the territories (regions, cities and countries). Especially countries have adopted and implemented differentiation strategies to stimulate tourism and economic investment. Tourism has become one of the main sources of foreign exchange for the Latin American countries. This article examines the role of tourism in the process of consolidation of Argentina country brand.


faster CPUs, better sound cards, and better graphics cards, but very little in the way of completely new and original ideas. There are some rumblings in the distance about network computers and wireless networks, but the innovations are coming from outside the sociotechnological ensemble of the personal computer. Overall, Bijker's model seems to be a useful template for explaining technological change after it has occurred. His goal, however, is to develop a model that can predict as well as explicate. Although his model still appears a bit imprecise for prediction, sociotechnological ensembles are a meaningful step towards the goal. Bjiker's Of Bicycles, Bakelites, and Bulbs is an enjoyable book that engagingly describes the history of technology, while at the same time teaching his reader a new way of looking at society. • The views expressed in this review are those of tbe author, and do not necessarily rqqect those of the Hewlett-Packard Cmporation.


Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a highly heterogeneous disease, and mortality is mainly due to metastases. However, the molecular underpinnings that lead to the initial steps of metastasis have not been well characterized. We have performed integrative whole exome sequencing and transcriptome analysis of primary prostate tumor foci and corresponding lymph node metastases (LNM). Design: Primary tumor foci (PTF) and LNM from 40 patients with high-risk PCa were analyzed by RNAseq. Two or more PTF and all available LNM greater than 0.4cm were subjected to sequencing. Of these 40 patients, 17 (42.5%) had LNM and 23 (57.5%) had benign LNs. A total of 155 tissue samples (97 PTF, 39 benign LNs, and 19 LNM) were sequenced and mapped to the human transcriptome with STAR mapper after QC trimming and removal of adapter sequences using TrimGalore. Differentially expressed genes between PTF, LNM, and benign LNs were identified using DESeq2, and gene set enrichment analysis was performed using WebGestalt. WES data was analyzed using GATK pipelines including Mutect2 and maftools. Results: A median of 57 million paired-end reads were obtained per sample, with a median of 10 million total readcounts per sample across the transcriptome, and 39,021 transcripts were detected in at least 5% of samples. Comparing PTF to LNM, 6203 transcripts were differentially expressed (p-adj < 0.01). PTF were enriched relative to LNM in gene sets associated with Wnt signaling, hormone signaling, Hippo signaling, KRAS signaling, and the epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Comparing PTF from metastatic patients to non-metastatic patients, 1265 transcripts were differentially expressed (p-adj < 0.01). PTF from metastatic patients were enriched in gene sets associated with cell cycle progression, oxidative phosphorylation, ER stress, fatty acid metabolism, and DNA repair. LNM gene sets were enriched in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative phosphorylation. The top 500 upregulated genes in malignant tissues were significantly enriched in genes related to androgen and estrogen signaling as expected. We also identified a set of 193 genes whose expression was significantly increased in primary tumor over benign LNs and in LNM over primary tumors. This gene set was significantly enriched in genes related to oxidative phosphorylation and included oncogenes such as PIK3CB, NCOA2, and SCHLAP1. Frequently mutated genes included CSMD3, FAT4, DNAH7, and KMT2C. DNA mutations associated with metastases included PCNX2. Oncogenic pathways associated with metastases in WES analysis included RAS, Notch, Wnt, Hippo, and PI3K pathways. Conclusions: Signaling pathways associated with ER stress, oxidative phosphorylation, metabolism, and cell cycle progression are prominent in LNM of aggressive PCa. PIK3CB, NCOA2, and SCHLAP1 expression are significantly increased in LNM. LNM had higher mutational burdens and were associated with hypermutability pathways, as well as mutations in RAS, Notch, Wnt, Hippo, and PI3K pathway genes.
 Citation Format: Carlos S. Moreno, Cynthia L. Winham, Emma R. Klein, Yijian Huang, David M. Schuster, Martin G. Sanda, Adeboye O. Osunkoya. Integrated genomic analysis of primary prostate tumor foci and corresponding lymph node metastases identifies pathways associated with metastatic disease [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2023 Mar 15-18; Denver, Colorado. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A046.


The high-efficient cropping pattern of wheat/watermelon/maize commonly adopted by villagers of Houlaoying Villgae,Dahedao Town of Quzhou County was introduced.The pattern could make the villagers earn an extra watermelon income,while the yield of wheat and maize decreased a little and hardly decreased,respectively.The economic benefit increased by 17 385 yuan per hectare than that of traditional cropping pattern of wheat/maize.The cropping pattern could make full use of space,increase the nutrient utilization,reduce the continuous cropping disease,increase the economic benefit,ensure the basic yield of food,which could be widely generalized in similar climatic zones in Huang-huai-hai Plain.


ABSTRACT A fascinating way of generating speckle patterns is by interfering the weak fields scattered by a disordered sample with the intense trans-illuminating beam. The resulting intensity fluctuations are known as Heterodyne Near Field Speckles. Thanks to the self-referencing layout, the intensity distribution allows direct assessment of the electric fields, thus preserving both amplitude and phase information. Originally observed with visible laser light, during the last years Heterodyne Near Field Speckles have been extended to partially coherent radiation and to X-ray beams. We give in this review a uniform argumentation of Heterodyne Near Field Speckles based on Fourier Optics, valid with both coherent and partially coherent illumination. Emphasis is given to the speckle size, a fundamental property of any speckle field and a basis for earlier and state-of-the-art development of the technique. We review the applications of Heterodyne Near Field Speckles in the fields of particle sizing, velocimetry, coherence measurements, X-ray wavefront sensing and X-ray phase-contrast imaging and tomography. Throughout the discussion, we also emphasize the common aspects shared with many different research areas, such as astronomical observations, holography and TEM imaging, thus evidencing the encompassing nature of the underlying physical principles. Graphical abstract


Background Errors and preventable harm to patients remain regrettably common and expensive in healthcare. Improvement requires transforming the culture of the healthcare industry to put a greater emphasis on safety. Safety culture involves holding collective attitudes, values, and behaviors that prioritize safety. The Safer Culture framework, previously established through a narrative review of literature in multiple industries, provides a consensus on what impacts safety culture, how it manifests in behavior, and how it influences safety-related outcomes. Methods Through a theoretical review, we validate, refine, and provide nuance to this framework for the development of safety culture in healthcare contexts. To accomplish this, we conceptually map existing dimensions pulled through the literature onto our Safer Culture framework. Results A total of 360 articles were reviewed. We present specific elements for each dimension in our framework and apply the dimension to healthcare contexts. Conclusion We provide an evidence-based and comprehensive framework that can be used by patient safety leaders and researchers to guide the evaluation of safety culture and develop interventions to foster patient safety culture and improve patient safety outcomes.


Investigating the history of abortion is rife with shifting assumptions about what constitutes abortion, and even who determines pregnancy, as well as the contingencies of time and place and the ideological limits of recorded histories. Emerging from traditional herbal and dietary remedies to constituting illnesses like green sickness and hysteria, women's knowledge and agency in controlling of their fertility through the use of abortifacients is notoriously underdeveloped. This article reports on some of the constraints of researching historical abortion practices, and also proposes that women's knowledge of fertility control may have contributed to these constraints through a manufactured culture of ignorance: an agnotology of abortion.


When a patient capable of articulate reporting was prepared with deep and surface electrodes, correlations were demonstrated between activity at certain brain sites and pleasurable or painful affect. Moreover, a functional relationship was shown between these sites for emotional expression and some sensory relay nuclei. These findings substantiate previous observations made in the Tulane University depth electrode series and add meaning to anatomic and physiologic data from animal studies that have shown an integral relationship between brain sites involved in sensory perception and those for emotional expression.


This paper develops expression for the outcome of a binary search measurement of laser damage threshold, using order statistics. Also developed is an expression for the repeatability of the measurement. Results of a recent experiment are used to evaluate the expression for the threshold to determine accuracy and repeatability of a measurement as function of the search length.


The study aimed to explore the possibility of strengthening RC corbels with many strengthening techniques. The research analyzed the RC corbels behavior under a wide range of variables. The theoretical study consisted of twelve models reinforced with GFRP bars with strengthening by steel plate. Finite element analysis with ANSYS APDL was used to verify five specimens. This research deals with a static nonlinear FE simulation to investigate the behavior of RC Corbels reinforced internally and externally. The verification with experimental work demonstrated a satisfactory agreement in the load-displacement relationship, ultimate load and displacement, and failure mode. The parametric study was implemented which included strengthening the four concrete corbels externally and four corbels internally by a steel plate in many configurations while the remaining three were modeled with varied compressive strength (30, 40, and 50) MPa. The external strengthening included the placing of steel plate externally around the corbel in a U-shaped form and partial strengthening by strips and bottom plate. The models with internal strengthening involved placing the steel plate internally instead of stirrups. The results discovered that the strengthening provided enrichments in the stiffness, ductility, and energy absorption by 37 %, 4 %, and 26 %. In addition, in the case of full external strengthening more than internal retrofitting, there is a maximum improvement in the cracking and ultimate load carrying capacity. The external strengthening was better than internal one due to the confinement effect of the concrete. The stress distribution and crack pattern were affected by the strengthening techniques and more cracks appeared in the corbels with external steel plates.


description of the disclosure categories, or for more information about ASCO's conflict of interest policy, please refer to the Author Disclosure Declaration and the Disclosures of Potential Conflicts of Interest section in Information for Contributors. Employment or Leadership Position: None Consultant or Advisory Role: Benjamin Solomon, AstraZeneca (C), Pfizer (C); Danny Rischin, Amgen (C) Stock Ownership: None Honoraria: Danny Rischin, GlaxoSmithKline Research Funding: Benjamin Solomon, Pfizer Expert Testimony: None Other Remuneration: None


An embodiment of the invention discloses a hydroxypropyl guar gum derivative manufacturing method including: adding GG (guar gum) and potassium hydroxide solution into chlorinated-1-butyl-3-methy imidazole solution so as to obtain initial solution; heating the initial solution for a first time at the first temperature; and cooling the heated initial solution to the room temperature, adding propylene oxide to react for a second time at the second temperature so that a reaction product is obtained. According to the method in the embodiment, reaction is carried out in an ionic liquid medium to enable each component to react under the homogeneous condition, and hydroxypropyl guar gum derivatives with different MS (molar substitution) can be obtained by selecting different ionic liquids or changing the PO (propylene oxide) quantity, so that the use ratio of the guar gum or the PO is increased. Since the reaction is carried out in the ionic liquid medium and the KOH solution is added to serve as a catalyst, a whole system is low in water content, and possibility of reaction of water with the PO is greatly decreased. The hydroxypropyl guar gum derivative manufacturing method is simple and feasible, and the reaction is easy to control.


It is impossible to polish the groove or channel's surface by traditional method. Chemical polishing, using solutions to erode glass, is adopted in this paper with the aim for getting smooth surface. Nature of glass, composition of polishing slurry, type of polishing products, and some process parameters are studied; in the meanwhile, SEM, metallurgical microscope, profile meter and Visible-UV spectrophotometer are utilized. The result shows that the polished surfaces with high quality depend on the buffering effect of polishing solution, high solubility to polishing products, smaller size of generated salt crystal. Also, it is indispensable to select proper temperature, time and removal rate to realize precision polishing.


AT THE June 1989 meeting of the Endocrine Society, I had an opportunity to speak about the relationship of endocrine research to public concerns about health and disease. The tremendous importance of this relationship became clear to me about 3 yr ago when I was first invited to the U.S. Congress to testify in defense of the budget request for the NIDDK, NIH. Initially, I prepared for this budget hearing in much the same way I prepared for presentations to The Endocrine Society: I concentrated on science. I thought I would talk about the clatharin-coated compartment that is the site of proinsulin conversion, the structure and function of the estrogen receptor, the x-ray crystal structure of the renin molecule, and the properties of thyroglobulin and the TSH receptor. The night before the hearing, I rehearsed in my mind how these topics might be received and what questions might be asked. It was then I realized that these scientific advances, while of great interest to endocrinologists, would probably not ...


To enter the trajectory of sustainable development, Ukraine needs effective management mechanisms aimed at significantly increasing innovation activity, intellectualizing the main factors of production, as well as creating production and economic systems capable of ensuring GDP growth and a new quality of life of the population on an innovative basis. Scientific views of the problem of developing mechanisms for managing the sustainable development of enterprises in the real sector of the economy are quite fully represented in the scientific works of famous scientists. In addition to approaches to determining the elements of enterprise management mechanisms on an innovative basis, in the theory and practice of management, many approaches have been developed to ensure the sustainability of industrial enterprises as the basis for the competitiveness of the national economy. However, there are certain gaps in the coverage of issues related to the creation of a mechanism for ensuring the sustainable development of companies in an unstable geopolitical situation. Therefore, the issue of improving the mechanism for managing the sustainable development of enterprises regarding a holistic approach to their functioning in the national economy and ensuring a synergistic effect in solving strategic tasks of the real sector of the national economy is extremely relevant. The aim of the study is to improve the theoretical and methodological foundations of the concept of creating a mechanism for ensuring the sustainable development of industrial enterprises in Ukraine in an unstable geopolitical situation. Methods and tools for sustainable development management have been identified, allowing to identify the sources, nature and directions of change to ensure sustainability; the definition of the category "mechanism of sustainable development management" has been clarified; Ukraine now occupies an international place in terms of key economic indicators; an improved mechanism for manag- ing the sustainable development of industrial enterprises, which will contribute to an innovative increase in the level of competitiveness of the national economy and the quality of life of the population in accordance with global transformational trends. The main factors in the process of which there is an important aspect of sustainable development of Ukraine for the analysis and determination of the volume of investments, including the structure and dynamics of foreign investments, are identified and analyzed. Key threats to globalization that could hinder sustainable development have been identified. Based on the study, the main (strategic) stages of ensuring sustainable development of Ukraine are proposed.


The effect of the grain-shape ('morphological') texture of a polycrystal on the mechanical elastic constants and diffraction (X-ray) stress factors is investigated. To this end, the Eshelby–Kröner grain interaction model originally devised for polycrystals consisting of spherical grains is extended to ellipsoidal grain morphology. Results obtained for the mechanical elastic constants show that a polycrystal consisting of ellipsoidal grains with their principal axes aligned along common directions (i.e. when an ideal grain-shape texture occurs) is macroscopically elastically anisotropic. Also the diffraction (X-ray) stress factors are affected by the grain-shape texture; they reflect the macroscopic elastic anisotropy by resulting in nonlinear so-called sin2 ψ plots. In general, a grain-shape texture can have a moderate effect on the mechanical elastic constants and a pronounced effect on the diffraction elastic constants, depending on the crystal symmetry and single-crystal elastic anisotropy.


The microbe, which was first described by Klebs (at the Wiesbaden Congress in 1883), then isolated and grow n in artificial cultures by Löffler ('Mitth. aus dem K. Gesundheitsamte,' vol. 2) from human diphtheritic membrane, was shown by this observer to act virulently on various animals. The Klebs-Löffler bacillus— by which name the diphtheria microbe is known— is the one with which also Roux and Yersin ('Annales de l'lnstitut Pasteur,' vol. 2,1888, No. 12) obtained positive results on guinea-pigs.


The effects of salicylic acid on grain growth of three wheat cultivars were studied under rainfed conditions. Factors were three cultivars of wheat (Sardari, Azar 2 and Son 60) and six levels of salicylic acid (untreated seed as control, zero or hydroprim, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 µM). The results showed that, the effects of factors and their interaction effects on grain filling rate and duration, grain yield, grain protein percent, 1000 grain weight and final weight of dry seed were significant. Seed priming with salicylic acid increased grain growth in all cultivars compared to control and hydroprim treatments. Lag phase of grain growth curves, in all cultivars and priming treatments was short; maybe water stress lowered this period and decreased it. Among the cultivars, Sardari had the highest grain growth rate, especially in the end of growth stage. Nearly 48 days after flowering, all cultivars got their constant weight. In all cultivars, priming especially between 500-1500 µM showed the most rate and duration of grain filling. In general, application of salicylic acid improved grain yield, 1000 grain weight, rate and duration of grain filling compared to the control treatment in all cultivars under rainfed conditions.


85692053 Background and Objectives: One of the prominent technologies that has played an important role in COVID-19 crisis is mobile learning. Mobile learning has emerged as a powerful tool in teaching and learning which is considered as one of the beneficial and practical solutions to prevent the closure of the universities. Despite the significance of mobile learning as a tool that has changed the learning strategies by helping the learners to manage their learning with a flexible approach and to provide new horizons in the field of education system, it has its own challenges. Therefore, identifying these challenges can help provide solutions and make the most of technology in the teaching-learning process. Accordingly, the present study has identified the challenges of mobile learning from the perspective of students. Methods: The present study is applied in terms of purpose and phenomenological in terms of qualitative approach. The target population were undergraduate, graduate and doctoral students of Al-Zahra University who had some experiences in using cell phones for e-learning. Accordingly, after utilizing purposive sampling, 32 students were interviewed until the theoretical saturation was reached. To analyze the interviews, the Colaizzi content analysis method was used. To validate the data, peer review method was applied and the reliability was checked through using the two-coder agreement which was equal to 86 between two codes. Findings: The findings showed that out of 315 extracted codes, 68 codes were dedicated to physical challenges, 35 codes to psychological challenges, 31 codes to quality learning challenges, 63 codes to hardware challenges, 52 codes to infrastructure challenges, 39 codes to skill challenges, and 27 codes to supportive challenges. Physical challenges include: headache and dizziness, extreme eye fatigue, exacerbation of neurological


Mining partial pattern is based on concurrent pattern,This paper discusses some conceptions about partial order patterns mining,proposes a method of mining partial order patterns based on concurrent sequential patterns,and uses inclusion relation of concurrent and partial.It is proved that the method is effective for mining partial order pattern.