Using electron-beam equipment, the induced secondary electron emission (SEE) coefficient of alumina ceramic samples with different compositions and identical dimensions (φ25 mm×0.3 mm)were measured. Typical characteristic curves of surface SEE were obtained under the same experimental conditions. Effects of the composition on SEE performance of alumina ceramics were briefly analyzed and discussed. Results show that alumina ceramic samples with different compositions possess obvious different SEE properties, and proper bulk doping is helpful to SEE coefficient reduction and surface performance modification of alumina ceramics. In addition, when measuring SEE coefficient, an identical test procedure should be adopt and all experimental conditions should be maintained stable to ensure the reliability and comparability of measured results, as most of the experimental conditions were found to influence the testing results apparently.


This letter proposes the low-complexity Kötter's interpolation algorithm for list decoding of elliptic codes. Given a multiplicity matrix <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, the decoding output list size <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is first determined and the corresponding interpolation module <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{\mathbf {M}, l}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is defined. The minimum element in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{\mathbf {M}, l}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the desired interpolation polynomial <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {Q}(x, y, z)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. By arranging the interpolation constraints in a specific order, a number of Hasse derivative evaluations can be saved during the polynomials update. Furthermore, the weighted degree constraint of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {Q}(x, y, z)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is derived and utilized to eliminate unnecessary polynomials. These two methods are applied to hard and soft algebraic list decoding, yielding a significantly low interpolation complexity. Finally, complexity reduction of the proposed interpolation technique is analyzed and validated by the simulation results.


Two types of Tb- and Na-substituted green phosphors : and were synthesized with various x values, using a solid-state reaction. The former phosphors contained both substitutional and vacancy point defects, while the later had only substitutional defects. X-ray diffraction results showed that the main diffraction peak, (112), was centered at $2{\theta}


The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of entrepreneurial orientation, solidarity, business strategy and firm performance in SMEs Muara Enim, Indonesia. The respondents of this study were SMEs owners that operating in Muara Enim, Indonesia. The factors investigated in this study were entrepreneurial orientation, solidarity and business strategy. Thus, the objectives of this research research were: (a) to examine the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance of SMEs in Muara Enim, Indonesia (b) to exemine the relationship between solidarity and firm performance of SMEs in Muara Enim, Indonesia. (c) to examine the relationship between business strategy and firm performance of SMEs in Muara Enim, Indonesia. In this study, the quantitative method was implemented. 50 SMEs operating in Muara Enim and 44 SMEs used as the sample size. In assessing the relationship between variables, a total of 44 questionnaires were distributed and analyzed using SPSS 24.0 to produce accurate findings. Correlation and regression analysis was used to answer the research hypothesis. The finding of this research showed that entrepreneurial orientation and business strategy are significantly related to firm performance. The study clearly showed that the SMEs owners need entrepreneurial orientation and business strategy to strengthen and enhance the business performance that could lead the continuity of business. This study also contributes to new scope of research in the business field. This study also opens a new sight to SMEs owners to have further understanding on the influence of entrepreneurial orientation, solidarity and business strategy toward firm performance. This study also discusses the implications, recommendations for future research and summary of the study as well.


A novel compact multi-band stacked patch antenna with circularly polarization is proposed for GNSS applications. The antenna has been designed to operate at the satellite navigation frequency bands including GPS L1, GLONASS L1, BDS-1 L, BDS-1 S, and BDS-2 B3. The proposed antenna comprises of four layer stub-loaded circular microstrip patches, all of which are dual probe-fed. The feed network which includes four broadband baluns for the antenna is also designed. The antenna has been designed and fabricated. Details of the design considerations are described. Both simulated and measured results are presented and discussed.


this study of greenhouse gas emissions from ships (hereafter the third imo gHg Study 2014) was commissioned as an update of the international maritime organization's (imo) Second imo gHg Study 2009. the updated study has been prepared on behalf of imo by an international consortium led by the University College london (UCl) energy institute. the third imo gHg Study 2014 was carried out in partnership with the organizations and individuals listed below.


INER (Kane 2002), addressed the general issues involved in developing standards for licensure examinations. It argued that performance standards for bar examinations and other licensure examinations should be grounded in practice requirements and that a close link to practice requirements is most easily achieved by employing examinee-centered standard-setting methods. This article discusses specific design aspects of examinee-centered standard-setting procedures, and suggests ways to relate performance standards to practice requirements.


This paper deals with the performance analysis and implementation of a robust speed controller. The robustness is guaranteed by the use of the internal model controller (IMC). Verification of the proposed robust controller is provided by experimental realistic tests on scalar controlled induction motor drives. Robust speed control at low speeds and in field weakening region is studied in order to show the robustness of the speed controller with a wide range of load


In order to implement and realize the Science Development View,to promote the sustainable and harmonious development of power grid corporation,and to improve the performance management,the status of performance appraisal in power grid corporation is analyzed,the construction of performance standard is study and discussed,and then ideas and methods to solve the performance management problem are proposed.


...................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION: ..................................... ................................... 1 1.1 Background of the Study .......................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Risk Based Audit ............................................................................... 2 1.1.2 Financial Performance ....................... ...................................................... 3 1.1.3 The Effect of RBA on Financial Perfo rmance in Commercial State Corporations ..................... .......................................................... 4 1.1.4 Commercial State Corporations ........................................................... 5 1.2 Research Problem .................................................................................... 6 1.3 Objective of the Study .............................................................................. 7 1.4 Value of the Study .................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................... 9 2.


CAD systems design and development is not a simple process. It consists of large amount of works, most of them are interconnected and should be performed either simultaneously or sequentially, some of them depend on success of previous works etc. Design workflows allow to describe works in visual form and calculate their quantitative and qualitative parameters. They significantly increase the design process efficiency and the product quality due to the usage of participants interaction language unification. However, modern workflow management tools lack of some important functions especially in part of temporal analysis and ontology-based timeline diagrams. In this paper, we describe the novel method to convert any diagram to a timeline structure like an ontology. The method includes converting algorithm and allows engineers to get the issue of workflows in which they are involved thus giving them a help to design complex CAD systems. It is shown that any diagram describing complex system behavior may be converted into simple view as a timeline ontology. An illustrated example is given in the article.


The research aimed at analyzing the impact of the disease and treatment in the mental health of adolescents on hemodialysis. This is a clinical qualitative study carried out in a dialysis clinic of the city of Fortaleza/Ceara from february to april 2013. Data were used as instruments of production to semi structured interviews and nonparticipant observation. The participants were eight teenagers diagnosed with chronic renal failure undergoing 1434 Ramos IC, Braga VAB, Cavalcante LP, Oliveira FJG Cienc Cuid Saude 2015 Out/Dez; 14(4):1427-1435 dialysis selected by intentional sampling. The analysis of thematic content of Bardin was used. As a result of the interviews, taking the corpus, two categories emerged; 1 Perception of chronic renal hemodialysis teen about the c\ondition experienced: feelings and expectations and 2 Impact of hemodialysis on lifestyle and mental health of adolescents. The results show that, among the study participants, mental health is affected intensively because in includes a constant struggle to overcome the changes caused by the disease and the need to learn to deal with feelings that cause discomfort. It is conclude that the illness and particularly the hemodialysis affects the mental health, but it can be minimized by the provision of a humanized and comprehensive care.


Loads of special effort and proper care - this is the recipe for success with Angora goats. In reality, this means intensive management of an extensive farming operation, says Billy Colborne of the farm Kilborne near Willowmore. He has been farming with this breed for the last 57 years and his family has been involved in Angora farming for as long as he can remember - his grandfather was the first family member to show interest in the breed.


The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was implemented in Northwest Arkansas to investigate flow and sediment predictive ability at multiple subbasin and hydrologic response units (HRU) distributions. The objectives of this study were to use SWAT and identify differences in annual predicted flow and sediment response of a watershed considering two subbasin delineations with six different HRU distributions each; quantify the uncertainty in SWAT output when sensitive model parameters are considered to have stochastic distribution; and evaluate the ability of the model to describe flow and sediment predictions of an ungauged watershed by stochastically validating the model. Flow results from the Single-Factor Between-Subjects Analysis of Variance test (α=0.05) indicated that predicted flow means were not significantly different from each other for all SWAT subbasin/HRU combinations; however, predicted flow means and measured flow mean were significantly different. Sediment simulation results suggested sig...


The correlation of optical and γ-ray emission of the blazar 3C 454.3 during the multi-wavelength flare from 2012 to 2017 isanalyzed. The light curves have a complex structure, especially during the period of maximum radiation in 2014, when theactivity in the form of a series of 4-5 small flares is observed. The cross-correlation functions exhibit almost zero lag betweenBVR and γ-ray emission at different periods of the long-term flares. This suggests that optical and γ-ray emission come fromapproximately the same location (probably the base of the jet) and are physically connected. In general, optical emission lagsbehind gamma radiation except a few cases. It is assumed that both synchrotron radiation and inverse Compton scatteringby relativistic electrons and protons, which is typical for strong flares, are present. The rotation of γ-ray radiation regionrelative to optical one is supposed.


Arctigenin was prepared from fructus arctium by microwave-assisted hydrolysis. The microwave-assisted hydrolysis progress of arctiin was studied to get the optimum conditions by single factor and orthogonal experiments. The content of arctiin and arctigenin were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The optimum conditions were 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid concentration, 1:6 of material to liquid ratio, 500 s microwave time, hydrolysis 1 time. Under these conditions, the hydrolysis rate of arctiin was more than 98%, and the yields of arctigenin was 1.80%. Compared with traditional methods, this method is simple and efficient.


In his 2022 article 'A puzzle about the fixity of the past', Lampert argues that standard views concerning knowledge and the semantics of 'actually' conflict with a widely held principle concerning the fixity of the past. I show that his attempt to establish the conflict fails, as it rests on the implicit assumption that a past mental state or utterance involving a modal indexical must have the same content across worlds with a shared past, when in fact it must, given its character, differ in content.


The present paper aims to provide an approach based on a study case for the understanding of online practices related to digital rights. It is an exploratory research done with ethnographic techniques of


can also modulate the function of these networks, providing adaptive mechanisms. This permits the organism to cope in times of emergency with resetting the system during periods of stress or infection. Thus, response to physiological stimuli ensures energy availability under both normal and pathological conditions. Systems controlling growth, reproduction and appetite operate in a synergic manner. Thus, particular neuronal systems within the brain are multifunctional, leading to the subordination of physiological parameters in response to endogenous and environmental challenges. The network allows adaptive processes for the entire organism, which may have evolved to overcome food shortage and emergency situations. This special issue emphasizes the central role that neuroendocrine systems play in the maintenance of homeostasis with special reference to the somatotropic axis and the means by which growth and energy balance can be coordinated.


A 45° slant-polarized tightly coupled dipole array (TCDA) consisting of elements arranged in a parallelogram lattice is presented. The profile of the antenna element is 0.135λL (λL is the free-space wavelength at the starting frequency). The 45° slant-polarized TCDA operates in a frequency bandwidth of 1-5 GHz with VSWR < 2. A prototype of the array with 11×19 elements is fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the first sidelobe level (SLL) of the horizontal polarization patterns and the vertical polarization patterns with uniform excitation in the azimuth plane is less than -16.9 dB.


Objective To investigate the relationship between the degree of OSAHS and BMI. Methods One hundred and thirty-seven patients in the center of sleep breathing with OSAHS were examined by full-night Polysomnography in chronoiogicaol order. To collect AHI and BMI of patients with OSAHS,Grouping acting correspondence is analysed. Reduceing the weight treats,Follow up case by regular visits to 5 months no-operation and ventilater. Results OSAHS state of an illness correlated to BMI Conclusion Obesity is a main risk factor to OSAHS taking place and development. These suggest that patients with OSAH weight reduction to OSAHS is baseful treatment being worths spreading and cuting down medical cost.


The Internet is a major technological advancement reshaping not only our society but also that of universities worldwide. In light of this, universities have to capitalise on the Internet for teaching, and one progressive development of this is the use of online delivery methods. This paper draws upon the results of a survey conducted amongst students enrolled in one online management course at an Australian university. Three critical success factors in online delivery are identified: technology, the instructor and the previous use of the technology from a student's perspective. We also argue that the lecturer will continue to play a central role in online education, albeit his or her role will become one of a learning catalyst and knowledge navigator.


A diamido-dihydroxymethylenephosphine (N(2)P(2)) bifunction chelating agent (BFCA) was shown to form well-defined (99m)Tc- and (188)Re-chelate structures. The 4, 4-bis [bis-hydroxymethyl-phosphonyl-propylcarbonmoyl]-butyric acid bifunctional chelating agent (N(2)P(2)-BFCA) formed stable complexes with (99m)Tc and (188)Re in >95% yield with high radiochemical purity (RCP). The biodistribution of the (99m)Tc- and (188)Re-N(2)P(2)-BFCAs after intravenous injection studied in normal mice showed the activity was excreted primarily via renal-urinary pathway indicating their use for labeling peptides with (99m)Tc and (188)Re.


This study analyzes changes in the knees, hips, and hip joint length according to the different angles of bending knees by 45°, 90°, and 135° respectively for knees, hips, and the hip joint that have high fracture rates when falling down. The research subjects were 10 elderly women in their 60s (or older) that obtain data collected through direct measurement. For analysis, the study drew a diagram of elongation and shrinkage based on changes and change rate from a straight posture (0°) and conducted a statistical analysis on differences of body surface length by zone according to movements. The more the knees were bent, the vertical surface length in front of the knees, the horizontal surface length above the knee line, the horizontal body surface length below the knee lines on the back, and the vertical surface lengths between front side lines and the side lines increased; however, the vertical surface length on the back decreased. For the hip joint, the difference in the vertical surface length was more distinctive when compared to the horizontal. Finally, the horizontal surface length increased below the hips and the vertical surface length increased in most areas except the sidelines and the front. The result of the change in body surface length according to the movements of this study can be utilized in the development of the motion-variable protector.


This paper presents a preliminary study of the natural resonant frequency of the coconut fruits. As the quality of the export coconut fruits are heavily depends on harvesting and handling processes, it is necessary to identify the quality before shipment. Consequently, the radar scattering technique is one of the interesting method to identify the quality of coconut fruit. In order to implement radar scattering method, one needs to investigate the scattering behavior and the natural resonant frequencies of the coconut fruit. This paper investigates the scattering and natural resonant frequencies and shows the promising results for implementing the radar scattering technique for quality identification of coconut fruits.


We present a cognitive developmental approach for a humanoid robot exploring its close environment in an interactive scenario, taking inspiration from the way infants learn about objects. The proposed approach allows to detect physical entities in the visual space, to create multi-view appearance models of these entities and to categorize them into robot parts, human parts and manipulated objects without supervision and without prior knowledge about their appearances. All information about the entities appearances and behaviour is incrementally acquired while the robot and its human partner interact with objects.


Removable all-glass display case, comprising a bottom part, a top part, a plurality of side windows and internal fittings, which are joined together by means of extruded profiles, characterized in that the extruded profiles (1, 10) a. horizontally extending supports and / or receptacles (1.3, 10.3), which are provided for mounting of the bottom part or the ceiling part as well as b. in each case a vertically extending U-shaped slot (1.1, 10.1) with an outer and an inner leg for accommodating the side window (4) and seated one on the inner leg of the insert, passing through the inner leg screw channel (1.2, 10.2) for have locking of the side window (4), wherein the screw channel (1.2, 10.2) having horizontally extending supports and / or receptacles (1.4, 10.4) for mounting the fixtures (11-16) is formed and c. the legs of the insert (1.1, 10.1) are widened in their end region by at least one recess (7), and that d. at the horizontal end edges of the side windows (4) U-profile rails (6) are formed which in the fitted state in ...


Over the past decades, researchers have increasingly turned to natural compounds and preparations created on their basis. Biologically active terpenoids, in particular, natural sesquiterpene lactones, are of great interest. One of the rich sources of these compounds is a plant of the genus Artemisia, whose representative is wormwood Artemisia glabella Kar et Kir., Growing on the territory of Central Kazakhstan. In the study of the chemical composition of wormwood, a new biologically active compound, sesquiterpenic lactone arglabin, with antitumor and radiosensitizing properties has been isolated. The antitumor drug "Arglabin" is used in oncological clinics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, Uzbekistan, the Republic of Georgia, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in the complex therapy of tumors of the breast, lung, liver, etc. The purpose of this work is to study the physicochemical properties of mechanically treated arglabin and its mixture with a larch water–soluble polysaccharide arabinogalactan, obtained by mechanochemical means. According to IR, UV and NMR 13С spectroscopy, long–term mechanochemical treatment does not lead to a change in the chemical composition of arglabin molecules. All the spectra obtained are identical to the spectra of the initial (not mechanically treated) arglabin. Using X–ray analysis, it was shown that in the mechanocomposites of arglabin with arabinogalactan there is no disordering of the crystal structure of arglabin and its molecular dispersion in the polysaccharide matrix does not occur.


Kesterite Cu2ZnSnS x Se4−x (CZTSSe) is among the most promising inorganic Earth‐abundant thin‐film photovoltaic technologies, although currently, the larger voltage deficit compared with more mature chalcogenide technologies is hampering solar‐to‐electricity conversion efficiency progress in these materials. Most of the latest reports agree on the CZTSSe defect structure as the main limitation for the open‐circuit voltage. Small atom doping is suggested as an interesting strategy to reduce the concentration of defects without affecting secondary phase formation. Herein, an innovative approach based on the introduction of LiAlH4 and its further decomposition during the selenization process of CZTSe precursors, as a pathway for hydrogen and lithium/alkali transient doping, is explored. This process shows a strong beneficial influence on the crystal growth and solar cell device performance, especially with a significant improvement in V oc and fill factor. A reduction of nonradiative recombination and a remarkable fourfold increase in the carrier lifetime correlating with the reduction of the open‐circuit voltage (V oc) deficit below 330 mV is demonstrated. A mechanism on how small atoms (Li and H) interact to reduce the concentration of SnZn recombination centers while keeping doping relatively unchanged is proposed, opening fundamental perspectives for the simple and universal transient doping of thin‐film chalcogenide compounds.


Bilayer tablet is innovative period for the successful improvement of controlled release formulation along with a variety of features to provide a technique of successful drug delivery system. Controlled release dosage forms have been comprehensively used to improve therapy with several important drugs. Inclusion of drug in controlled release gastro-retentive dosage forms which can remain in the gastric region for several hours would considerably extend the gastric residence time of drugs and improve bioavailability, reduce drug waste and enhance the solubility of drugs that are less soluble in high pH environment. Numerous approaches are presently utilized in the prolongation of Gastric Retention Time, including floating drug delivery system, swelling and expanding systems, polymeric bio adhesive systems, high-density systems, modified shape systems and other deferred gastric emptying strategy.


The luminosity gap between novae (MR ≤ −10) and supernovae (MR ≥ −17) is well known since the pioneering research of Zwicky and Hubble. Nearby galaxy clusters and concentrations offer an excellent opportunity to search for explosions brighter than classical novae and fainter than supernovae. Here, we present the results of a B-band survey of 23 member galaxies of the Fornax cluster, performed at the Las Campanas 2.5-m Irene duPont telescope. Observations with a cadence of 32 minutes discovered no genuine fast transient to a limiting absolute magnitude of MB = −9.3 mag. We provide a detailed assessment of the transient detection efficiency and the resulting upper limits on the event rate as function of peak magnitude. Further, we discuss the discoveries of five previously unknown foreground variables which we identified as two flare stars, two W Uma type eclipsing binaries and a candidate δ Scuti/SX Phe star. Subject headings: surveys — stars: flare — (stars: variables:) delta Scuti — stars: variables: other


A phase-shift analysis of data on pp scattering in the interval 630--950 MeV is carried out at the energies 630 +- 20, 670 +- 20, 720 +- 15, 760 +- 25, 800 +- 12, and 950 +- 20 MeV. The analysis is made with l/sub max/ = 7. Unique solutions similar to the solution of Arndt et al. (1980) are obtained at 630 and 800 MeV. The phase-shift analysis does not give unique solutions at 670, 720, 760, and 950 MeV. An analysis of the energy dependence of the phase shifts makes it possible to select the most probable solution which exists over the entire studied interval of energies. The energy dependence of the partial-wave amplitudes for this solution indicates the possible existence of diproton resonances in the /sup 1/D/sub 2/ and /sup 3/F/sub 3/ states.


In this paper, a general framework for modelling stochastic service curves for communication networks is presented. It connects with each other two approaches to the traffic analysis and performance evaluation of communication systems, namely, the one which is called a deterministic network calculus with its stochastic counterpart. Thereby, it enables to treat any communication traffic in a consistent way. Further, as we show here, it enables also achieving new results. Derivation of the above model is presented in details in this paper. Finally, some hints are given how the method presented in this article could be applied in maritime telecommunications area. http://www.transnav.eu the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation Volume 13


Cloud federation is paving the way toward new business scenarios in which it is possible to enforce more flexible energy management strategies than in the past. Considering independent cloud providers, each one is exclusively bound to the specific energy supplier powering its datacenter. The situation radically changes if we consider a federation of cloud providers powered by both a conventional energy supplier and a renewable energy generator. In such a context, the opportune relocation of computational workload among providers can lead to a global energy sustainability policy for the whole federation. In this work, the authors investigate the advantages and issues for the achievement of such a sustainable environment.


The potato onion 'Leksand', the soapwort 'Kvinnsgrota', and the geranium 'Drottningminne' are since a few years officially authorized Swedish heritage plants. They are all named after places; a small town in Dalecarlia, a village on the island Oland and a farmstead in the northern region Jamtland. This presentation will discuss how heritage plants are made, in processes which comprise social and political agency as well as specific capacities of plants. In particular, connections between plants and places will be examined. The national Swedish programme for cultivated plant diversity (Programmet for odlad mangfald, Pom), has investigated and collected hundreds of 'old and valuable' varieties of garden plants, aiming to safeguard 'the Swedish cultivated heritage'. The programme is based on the assumption that old varieties should be regarded as resources with potential genetic qualities (e.g. hardiness, taste) that are no longer available. Some varieties have been (re)released on the market under the label Gront kulturarv® (Green heritage). Many, as the ones mentioned, have been named after places where they were cultivated/collected; others after people who grew them. These names seem to add historical value and identity to the plants, by connecting them to places and people in the past. The making of 'heritage plants' includes human as well as non-human agencies. By surviving, these plants have proved to be long-lived and healthy, but what happens when they are propagated and spread to new places? How does the status of 'heritage plant' affect the plant, and how does the plant affect heritage-making processes? (Less)


"БИЗНЕС ПОСОКИ" One of the fundamental pillars of Bulgaria's progress as a civil and democratic society is its commitment to non-discrimination on nationality, race and gender. The country strives towards the equality and the development of women in all spheres of economic and social life. Institutional mechanisms stated in the Bulgarian Constitution (1991), Family Code (1985, amended in 1992) and Labor Code (1986, amended in 2001), The Law on Protection against Discrimination (2004), as well as by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (Article 23) ensure equal treatment of men and women at work, in access to employment conditions, and ensure equal treatment of men and women. Gender egalitarianism has been one of visible distinctions of Bulgarian business and management practices when compared to the other European Union countries. Hence, it is important to more closely monitor and analyze the evolution of the role of women in the modern Bulgaria and predict the contribution of gender egalitarianism to the sources of the country's competitive advantage. This article responds to these needs of better understanding practices of gender egalitarianism. It is based on the authors' large-scale survey of Bulgarian managers and displays the results of empirical study of perceptions about gender roles in society as reported by business managers.


We determined whether wing lengths of Culex tarsalis (Coquillett) and Anopheles freeborni (Aitken) varied seasonally; whether size was associated with abundance; and if individuals of a particular size could be associated with riparian, pasture, or rice field habitats within the rice culture agroecosystem of northern California. Significantly, the size of both male and female Cx. tarsalis increased as the season progressed. The size of female An. freeborni also increased significantly throughout the season, but the size of males did not. Abundance was not correlated with average wing length nor could any habitat be significantly associated with a particular size group. We conclude that for the species studied here, environmental effects (such as water temperature and seasonal availability of larval nutrients) are more important in determining individual size than the density-dependent processes that regulate the size of mosquitoes that breed in small containers.


Abstract Peel plies as indispensable auxiliary materials have gained broad attention in composite material forming process. However, the detection method of specific components of peel plies has rarely been reported. In this paper, shredding-infrared spectroscopy technology was put forward to investigate the specific components of peel plies. There were two ways to test the specific components of peel plies using infrared spectroscopy: direct dissolution and pretreatment (shredding) before dissolution. Compared with the sample prepared by direct dissolution, the sample fabricated via pretreatment displayed significant merits, such as saving time cost and excellent detection accuracy. In addition, the testing mechanism was illustrated.


The gray bat (Myotis grisescens) is one of the largest species of the genus Myotis found in North America. It is distinguishable by its uniformly colored pelage with hair shafts that are uniformly gray from base to tip (Figure 1). The wing membrane attaches at the ankle instead of at the base of the toes as in most other Myotis species. Gray bat populations have declined significantly over the past decades. Much of this decline is caused by human disturbance in caves, natural flooding, impoundment of rivers, and contamination from pesticides. Gray bats are especially vulnerable to human activities in caves because they hibernate in dense clusters. This high degree of aggregation, lead researchers to petition for federal endangered status of the gray bat in 1975. It was listed as an endangered species in 1976. Today gray bat populations have recovered in many areas. However, human disturbance continues to be the main reason for declines of gray bats in unprotected caves. Cave protection is critical to the future recovery of this species.


This article attempts to give the western consultant travelling to South‐east Asia an idea of what to expect, of what will and what will not work in terms of consultancy practice.


: Recently companies try to serve and fulfill customers through their websites. Consequently, customer satisfaction in e-retailing system is an important challenge. This study aims to study the effects of website quality on satisfaction of sellers in e-retailing system. For this purpose this study identified seven dimensions of website quality through the literature review including (1) research facility, (2) provides detailed information, (3) privacy and security, (4) interaction facilities and contacts, (5) speed and facility of access, (6) availability of relevant downloads and (7) reliable and up-to-date information. Then, the research model was presented which explains direct influences of these dimensions on customer satisfactions. In order to test the model a questionnaire survey was designed and questionnaires were sent to online customers of e-retailing companies in Iran. Regression technique was applied for the analysis. Results indicated all seven dimensions of website quality influence customer satisfaction positively and significantly.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the laparosonic coagulating shears(LCS)for retroperitoneoscopic partial adrenalectomy.Methods 12 patients (11 cases of cortical adenomas,1 cases of primary adrenocorticohyperplasia)received retroperitoneoscopic partial adrenalectomy using LCS.Results All procedures were completed as planned.The operating time was 32~67min,blood loss was (24 7±16 3)ml,hospital stay was (4 1±1 6)days,and all the patients recovered uneventfully.At a follow up,no residual tumor was detected.Conclusion Retroperitoneoscopic partial adrenalectomy is technically feasible by means of LCS,and has the advantage of preserving adrenocortical function and of rapid postoperative recovery without electric damage.


The Institute of Public Policy at George Mason University and the Institute of Transportation Studies at the University of California, Davis, recently convened on the issue noted in the title. This paper reports the results of the workshop and sets forth a call for action on these matters. It identifies core policy areas that warrant further attention, including continued emphasis on the development of a shared vision for IVHS, public versus private roles in IVHS integration, the need for flexible institutions and the need for empirically based debate. It then discusses the actions necessary to ensure that attention, including: the development of a research program on IVHS policy issues, modifications and additions to the field test program, the development of an ongoing policy forum, continued outreach to develop a shared vision for IVHS, the development of IVHS policy training and the fostering of informed debate on the environmental impacts of IVHS.


Magnetic pressures on nonlinear steel are shown to have lower values than typical hydraulic pressures and, thus, small magnetic actuators are often coupled to hydraulic circuits. A new method of modeling a typical electrical/magnetic/hydraulic/mechanical system is described. Results of electromagnetic finite-element analysis of a magnetic actuator are used in a SPICE circuit that contains the differential equations of a hydraulic valve, hydraulic cylinder, and mechanical load. The coupled model is used to compute typical transient pressures, flows, and motions. Due to fluid flow forces the mass of the controlled arm is shown to have a coupling effect on the armature motion of the magnetic actuator.


Objective To investigate the application of 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy system in the treatment of vitreoretinopathy disease and evaluate its efficacy and safety.Methods A retrospective case of 23-gauge vitrectomy performed in 42 cases (43 eyes) in our hospital from August 2008 to September 2009.The diseases included idiopathic macular hole(16 eyes,37.2%),idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane(8 eyes,18.6%),vitreous hemorrhage(19 eyes,44.2%).The main observations were the surgical effects,surgical time,best corrected visual acuity,intraocular pressure,intraoperative and postoperative complications.The follow-up time was from 1 month to 10 months.Results All cases were successfully completed surgery and each surgical indication experienced a significant best corrected visual acuity improvement.The mean best corrected visual acuity was 0.88±0.54 at postoperative 1 week and 0.46±0.24 at the last follow-up;Compared with that before operation,there were all significant statistical differences(all P0.01).The mean intraocular pressure at postoperative 1 week was (14.0±4.5) mmHg (1 kPa=7.5 mmHg),closed to preoperative level.The intraoperative complications included intubation tube slippage in 2 eyes,little hemorrhage under conjunctiva in 6 eyes,bubble under conjunctiva in 3 eyes;No serious postoperative complication was observed during the follow-up time in all cases.Conclusion 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy system with faster postoperative recovery,better curative effect and rare complications,is an effective and safe surgical technique in the management of macular diseases and vitreous hemorrhage currently.


This reply is to the comment by C. G. Ribbing [Appl. Opt. 33, 8055 (1994)] on our paper on IR optical constants of polycrystalline boron nitride.


Credit as an economic category is a kind of economic capacity and means of exchange. It is closely related to trust and honesty. Credit culture is the reflection of credit as a kind of special economic behavior in the aspect of social consciousness; it includes such contents as relevant knowledge about credit, value and habits. Credit culture has a role that can't be overlooked in the construction of trust and credit which are the moral basis of market economy, even in the credit construction of the whole society. Therefore credit culture should be stressed as a systematic project and all social forces should be aroused to participate in the construction of credit culture.


The article considers the effectiveness of the system of social policy in the Russian Federation by analyzing today's level of healthcare services and the introduction of the program-targeted financing of the social sphere.


Various networks have rich attributes such as texts (e.g., tweets) and locations (e.g., check-ins). The community search in such attributed networks have been intensively studied recently due to its wide applications in recommendation, marketing, biology, etc. In this paper, we study the problem of searching the \underlineB est \underlineC o-located \underlineC ommunity (\BCC) in attributed networks, which returns a community that satisfies the following properties: i) structural cohesiveness: members in the community are densely connected, ii) spatial co-location: members are close to each other, and iii) quality optimality: the community has the best quality in terms of given attributes. The problem can be used in social network user behavior analysis, recommendation systems, disease predication, etc. We first propose an index structure called \DTree to integrate the spatial information, the local structure information, and the attribute information together to accelerate the query processing. Then, based on this index we develop an efficient algorithm. The experimental study conducted on both real and synthetic datasets demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed methods.


The presence of obsidian artifacts available for hydration and sourcing analysis, a high concentration ofwell-preserved faunal remains, a limited time span of occupation, and a wealth of obsidian research in the region, make Bone Cave an ideal example ofan often ignored class ofarchaeological site. Although highly disturbed, analysis of the excavation results allowed us to determine'that Bone Cave served as a probable pre-Mazama (prior to 6850 B.P.) rabbit processing site during the Early Holocene. The disturbed site of Bone Cave shows that field research is possible even in a region or political environment in which the excavation ofintact sites is not.


In recent studies on the evaluation of skin color of facial image, colorimetric values of whole face are used to indicate facial color, since 2D-colorimeter being developed and commercially available. However, what kind of colorimetric values derived from all pixels in skin color area are appropriate has not been examined precisely. The purpose of the study is to determine an appropriate representative colorimetric values of skin color in the whole-face image. Average (L*, a*, b*) values of the top 60% in the appearance-frequency in the skin color area is proposed as a good representative color of the whole-face image. The area of acceptable "Finish-up impression" in the CIELAB space is indicated using these colorimetric values.


This paper describes a high-performance liquid chromatographic assay of trace amounts of sisomicin (SISO) in the plasma by the pre-column ultraviolet (UV)-derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde (OPA)/thioglycollic acid (TGA) reagent. The SISO was extracted from the plasma by using a CM-Sephadex column. The derivatization products were separated by the column-switching method consisting of a reversed-phase pre-column and an analytical column, and measured at 330nm with UVdetector. When applied to the drug monitoring in the rabbit plasma at a single dose of 1mg/kg (i.v.), the presented method was sensitive to 19ng of SISO base per column injected (500μl). Keywords-sisomicin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; pre-labelling; o-phthalaldehyde; thioglycollic acid; drug monitoring


Variable message signs (VMS) are used to provide dynamic information and are currently used to show different speed limits under different conditions. As speed is an important contributor to road accidents, present study focuses on how well traffic advisory information will help drivers to divert from potentially dangerous conditions. Driving simulator experiment in a laboratory setting on 8.5km long simulated Oyamazaki section made easy to examine the effect of VMS and geometry on mean speed and speed deviations. To create a model of mean speed and speed deviation, a system of two equations will be set up where mean speed and speed deviation appear endogenously. To estimate these two structural equations simultaneously best to use three stage least squares (3SLS) method. Analytical results provide discussion on speeds adopted by each subject and detailed interpretation of 3SLS estimations of mean speed and speed deviation with respect to VMS and geometry.


Objective To investigate the effects of amlodipine on the left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in elderly patients with essential hypertension. Methods 36 cases with essential hypertension (EH) with LVH were examined by echocardiography and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) before treatment. Amlodipine was administered to patients for 12 weeks (5~l0mg/d). Results 124 hour systolic and diastolic blood pressure (24h-SBP,24h- DBP),day- time and night-time blood pressure load (BP-L) was lower than that before treatment. The interventricular septum thickness (IVST), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was evidently decreased (P0.01). Conclusions Amlodipine could decrease the blood pressure and regressed LVH.


In recent years, the study of labor supply has occupied the attention of a large number of economists. With the growth in interest in the topic and with the inevitable diversity of economic models and statistical methods proposed by new entrants in the field, the literature has developed its own folklore. The principal legend is that the empirical estimates of the same parameters obtained from the set of available studies display such diversity that they are of little use to policymakers. This paper disputes the folklore. We claim that there is more agreement than disagreement once a few reasonable criteria based on recent theoretical work are used to eliminate certain studies from consideration, and once we are careful about posing the question we seek the estimates to address.


A total of 194 wheat and barley spikes showing head blight symptoms were collected randomly in May 2002 from fields located at Kagawa University Farm, Miki, Japan. The presence of NIV-and DON-producing strains of F graminearum was confirmed in a subset of the samples. Based on the distribution of NIV and DON contamination in the spikes as analyzed by GC-MS, it is likely that under low disease incidence and severity, spikes are commonly infected by one and rarely by both


To study the genetic diversity of Davidia involucrata Baill.grow in different habitats,an AFLP-PCR system using the leaves of D.involucrata as material was established and optimized.The effects of main elements,including temple concentration for enzyme digestion and connection,primers for pre-amplification,dNTPs and Mg2+ concentration,for selective amplification were tested.The results showed that the influence of DNA concentration and dNTPs concentration was slender;while the primers and concentration of Mg2+ had significant effects on the reaction.The optimal Mg2+ concentration in selective amplification was 1.75 mmol/L.7 combinations of primers with clear PCR bands were selected out of 144 combinations of 12 pairs of Mse I,EcoR I primers for further study.


The present invention relates to a housing assembly with a turbine wastegate. An assembly comprising: casting a cylindrical member, comprising: a substrate having an opening configured to receive the turbine wheel, comprising a cylindrical wall portion of the cover, disposed between the cylindrical wall and a base plate or a plurality of support , having an inlet, an outlet and disposed intermediate the inlet and outlet opening of an exhaust wastegate duct, the exhaust duct of one of the substantially planar, the wastegate opening is placed on the plane; and a wastegate outlet member, comprising: a cylindrical portion defining an inlet and an outlet and extending between the inlet and the outlet; and a cover disposed in a plane generally cast cylindrical member to form the lid portion wastegate chamber, wherein the one or more openings to enable exhaust flow from the chamber wastegate cylindrical portion. Also discloses a plurality of devices, components, systems, methods, and other examples.


The purpose of this review is to critically appraise pain assessment tools for non-communicative persons in intensive care available in the literature, and to determine their relevance for those with brain injuries. Nursing and medical electronic databases were searched to identify pain tools, with a description of psychometric proprieties, in English and French. Seven of the ten tools were considered relevant and systematically evaluated according to the criteria and indicators in the following five areas: conceptualization, target population, feasibility and clinical utility, reliability, and validity. Results indicate a number of well-designed pain tools, but additional work is necessary to establish their accuracy and adequacy for brain injured non-communicative persons in intensive care. Recommendations are made for selecting the best tool for clinical practice and for research.


The Brusselator model are used for the study of the intrinsic fluctuations of chemical reactions with different approaches. The equilibrium states of systems are assumed to be spirally stable in mean-field description, and two statistical measures of intrinsic fluctuations are analyzed by different theoretical methods, namely, the master, the Langevin, and the linearized Langevin equation. For systems far away from the Hopf bifurcation line, the discrepancies between the results of different methods are insignificant even for small system size. However, the discrepancies become noticeable even for large system size when systems are closed to the bifurcation line. In particular, the statistical measures possess singular structures for linearized Langevin equation at the bifurcation line, and the singularities are absent from the simulation results of the master and the Langevin equation.


DesignThe authors reviewed the available pediatric pain literature and selected those studies that reported quantitative information on the reliability and validity of, and the optimal cutoff points for, the visual analog scale (VAS) when used as an observational pediatric pain tool. ResultsAvailable psychometric findings concerning the observational VAS (VASobs) are limited. The estimated interrater reliability of the VASobs from 9 studies ranged from 0.36 to 0.91. The correlation between self-report and the VASobs was variable and ranged 0.23 to 0.83 in 6 studies. The concurrent validity of the VASobs and other pain instruments ranged from 0.42 to 0.86. ConclusionsFurther psychometric testing needs to be conducted on intraobserver reliability, responsiveness, and optimal cutoff points. Future research may guide the choice between VASobs and the numerous behavioral pain instruments.


Analysis of data from a 9 X 9 diallel, involving parents with different degrees of resistance to the pests, revealed that (1) additive genetic variance was significant and greater than nonadditive genetic variance for both Atherigona soccata and Contarinia sorghicola, (2) general combining ability variances were greater than specific combining ability (SCA) variances for both pests, (3) recessive genes conditioned susceptibility to A. soccata while dominant genes conditioned susceptibility to C. sorghicola, (4) desirable general combiners did not exhibit good SCA effects, (5) narrow-sense heritability for resistance was low for both pests, and (6) the cross S Girl MR1 X IS6394 showed the desired SCA effects for both pests and yielded c. 30% more than the best control, CSH8R


Knowledge discovery of educational data plays prominent role in the process of making decisions in order to deliver correct educational reforms. knowledge discovery can be done to extract students' sentiments towards learning behavior of the course, difficulties faced, time spent for the course duration in learning the concepts and worries or fears of students like whether they may pass or fail the final exam. As student feedback is essential to assess the effectiveness of learning technologies, the hidden knowledge of students can be discovered by conducting survey or feedback form or online course satisfaction survey at the end of the courses in order to obtain the meaningful information so that, necessary steps can be taken to improve the learning process. The prime motto of our research is to discover the knowledge from the twitter data and analyze public sentiments towards education using deep learning techniques and discovering the best technique which yields optimal results. Therefore, we propose a model based on deep learning approach to discover knowledge from educational tweets. In this paper efficiency of knowledge learnt by MLP and CNN is compared with DTREE.


A pproximately 8% patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention are on anticoagulation, which creates difficult choices regarding stent type and antiplatelet use. Drug eluting stents (DES) are usually preferred over bare metal stents (BMS) because of less restenosis and fewer repeat revascularization procedures. However, DES require a longer duration of dual antiplatelet therapy to minimize the chance of stent thrombosis. Typically, this is 6 months of dual antiplatelet therapy for DES compared with 1 month for BMS in patients with stable ischemic heart disease. In a patient already on anticoagulation, adding dual antiplatelet therapy (now triple therapy) poses a significant risk of bleeding: a 2to 3-fold increase per recent studies. The need for triple therapy can be reduced by using a BMS, but is the decreased risk of bleeding worth the increased restenosis risk? Ideally, we would know the benefits and risks of double versus triple therapy, different durations of each strategy, DES versus BMS, and the various permutations. Current European guidelines recommend only 1 month of triple therapy following a DES in those at high risk for bleeding, whereas North American guidelines suggest that triple therapy can be stopped after 3 months; with a switch to dual therapy, this is only a IIb recommendation. However, this is only a IIb recommendation indicating it "may be considered" instead of using the usual 6 months of DAPT. These recommendations are supported, in part, by the ISAR-TRIPLE (Intracoronary Stenting andAntithrombotic Regimen-Testing of a 6-Week Versus a 6-Month Clopidogrel Treatment Regimen in Patients with Concomitant Aspirin and Oral Anticoagulant Therapy Following Drug-Eluting Stenting) study, which compared 6 weeks to 6 months of clopidogrel on top of warfarin and aspirin for those undergoing DES implantation. Among 614 patients, the primary end point of death, myocardial infarction (MI), stent, thrombosis, stroke, or major bleeding at 9 months was slightly, but not significantly, higher in those treated with the shorter 6-weeks of clopidogrel (9.8% versus 8.8%, P=0.63). The secondary end point of Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction major bleeding was also slightly, but not significantly, higher in the shorter triple therapy duration arm (5.3% versus 4.0%; P=0.44). Although seemingly small, an absolute 1% difference in death would be important to exclude, arguing for confirmatory studies. The benefits and harms of 1 month of triple therapy as recommended by the European guidelines versus 3 months as suggested by the North American guidelines are even less clear. A recent meta-analysis concluded that triple therapy may offer no benefit over anticoagulation with 1 platelet agent while increasing bleeding. This review of observational studies (N=9) and randomized, controlled trials (n=2) including over 7000 patients compared outcomes of triple therapy (dual antiplatelet therapy and anticoagulant) with dual therapy (single antiplatelet therapy and anticoagulant) in patients taking long-term anticoagulants after percutaneous coronary intervention. At a mean 11 months of follow-up,major bleedingwas higher in triple than double therapy (6.6% versus 3.8%; P<0.01). There was no difference in all-cause mortality (relative risk [RR], 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68–1.43), major adverse cardiac events (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.8–1.32), and thromboembolic events (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.49–2.10), though there were nonsignificant trends toward reduced MI (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.67–1.09) and stent thrombosis (RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.46–1.3). The studies often included both DES and BMS stents. Thus, it was not clear whether the lack of benefit of triple versus dual therapy for stenting is the same for DES and BMS. Based on this literature demonstrating a clear bleeding risk with triple therapy without a clear benefit, and the guideline recommendations recommending limitation in duration of triple therapy, one would expect that BMS would be used in those with a very high risk of bleeding where there would be less of a need for antiplatelet therapy. However, the results presented in this issue of JAHA suggest that practitioners do not share this concern. Vora et al evaluated over 14 000 patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing acute percutaneous coronary intervention with acute myocardial infarction. Overall, DESwas used in 59% of patients The opinions expressed in this article are not necessarily those of the editors or of the American Heart Association. From the VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA. Correspondence to: Paul Heidenreich, MD, MS, Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 111c, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304. E-mail: email@example.com J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6:e006983. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.117.006983. a 2017 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.


If the supply of electric power to the total power demand falls short in the electrical power supply reserve rate is the so-called black-out caused by the proximity of 0% and the power reserve rate reaches 0% the electrical quality of the whole power grid rapidly drop causing the power outage, do. Quality decide the severity of these power reserve rate in the central authority to monitor the power reserve rate sewn determined the electrical quality measurement, such as Accordingly, the degree of risk to quality ever physical value of the electrical routing to each suyongga, for example, voltage, frequency, harmonic distortion higher risk intentionally or naturally spaced-quality electrical how spaced supplied to suyongga and physical quality level of electricity received supplies from the house wiring junctions of distribution boards, and other facilities of the branch circuit of suyongga is in a standard criterion in the standard reference values with the identification by starting with a priority lower in priority order haedun pre-defined in the distributor below the branch circuit in accordance with the degree optionally stepwise, each within a wide range by Kane automatically cut off the end load and the temporary large electric supply unit area whether suyongga needed in low-priority terminal Invention relates to only the electrical load selectively and step by step to make it easy to control to build disconnect or re-rated way to automatically get damaged electrical disaster situations, such as accidents, wars, sudden electrical surge in demand for plant and equipment to be.


The invention discloses a control method of a touch device, belonging to the field of control of a mobile terminal. The method comprises the steps of: arranging a second transparent or semi-transparent operation interface on a touch screen of the touch device; setting attributes of the second operation interface and a function corresponding to the second operation interface; and controlling the touch device through the second operation interface according to the set attributes of the second operation interface and the set function corresponding to the second operation interface. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, on the basis of no increase or change of any hardware, moving range of the finger on the touch screen is reduced, working efficiency and user use experience are increased, and the user is more facilitated to operate the touch device.


With the introduction of the literacy and numeracy hours, children are being grouped by ability within the primary classroom. Within-class ability grouping is seen as a means of raising attainment that avoids the social and emotional disadvantages of streaming. This research examined within-class grouping for mathematics in six classes in one primary school. The aim of the research was to examine whether pupils' placement in ability groups was consistent with their ability, as indicated by a standardised test, and to explore the relationships between pupils' self-concepts, their mathematical ability and their placement in groups. The sample consisted of 145 children in years 3 to 5. Standardised mathematics test scores and a measure of self-concept were collected for each child. Teachers provided information about the ability groups in their classes. Seven children were selected for interview on the basis of their mathematics self-concept scores. The analysis revealed considerable overlap between the standardised test scores of children in the high-, middle- and low-ability groups. There was a significant but weak correlation between mathematics ability and mathematics self-concept. The interviews revealed that children whose self-concept scores were consonant with their ability group thought they had been correctly placed, but those with discrepant scores were less happy. The implications of the findings are discussed in relation the salience of ability grouping within the classroom.


This article explores the historical roots of gendered unequal access to property in the two European legal systems, Common Law and the so-called continental codes (civil law), which have become hegemonic through colonial expansion, the postcolonial state and globalisation. The generalisation of the Western model of private property, a process partly supported by the application of the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, has led to an exacerbation of gender inequalities, while simultaneously destroying the diversity of legal systems. Should we be reinforcing the individual property rights of women, or promoting a return to 'customary' legal systems? The new theory of the commons could allow us to move beyond this dilemma.


For undiagnosed pleural effusion, diagnostic yields and safety were similar between pleuroscopic cryobiopsy and forceps biopsy, but cryobiopsy obtained a larger pleural tissue sample than forceps biopsy.


The capsizing of vessels in random beam seas is investigated using a single degree-of-freedom model which is limited to the roll motion. Several factors, including sea wave spectrum, nonlinear righting moment characteristics, and nonlinear damping, are taken into account in the analysis. A nonlinear probabilistic method is developed by combining ideas from modern nonlinear dynamics (specifically, the Melnikov function and the phase space area flux) and random vibrations. Conditions for the onset of vessel capsizing are obtained in terms of the sea state characteristics (significant wave height and characteristic wave period) and the vessel parameters (damping and stiffness coefficients). Extensive numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the validity of the analytical results. It is found that there exists an excellent correlation between the rate of phase space flux and the probability of capsizing.


This study was intended to extract and develop the design concept which will form the integrated design of urban environment. To that end, evaluation of design status and characteristics which will be applicable to urban environment was conducted through document research and review of previous studies and then a design concept was extracted. A design concept extracted in this study is able to pursue urban landscape design integrated among the components as well as to be used as a tool in effectively dealing with the changes to the components.Moreover, it is expected to enhance the quality of urban environment and to be used for the study needed to build the urban landscape.


The article is devoted to analysis of nicknames used by modern teenagers. Nicknames used at school or between the family members are given special attention. The article contains detailed classification of nicknames and a vast number of real life examples.


Globally, many enterprises are currently focusing on big data technology to improve their performance and operations. Recent literature points out several factors that influence the adoption of big data. However, enterprises often resist using the business value of big data due to a lack of knowledge. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing big data adoption by Chinese enterprises and to develop an indicator system based on the Motivation–Opportunity–Ability (MOA) model. Moreover, the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method is used to construct a network relationship map and to analyze its effects. Using the DEMATEL-based Analytic Network Process (ANP) (DANP) method to identify the weight distribution of index, this study quantitatively evaluates the influencing factors. The results show that leadership support, perceived usefulness, financial support, data resources, industrial development, data talents, and technical capability are key elements affecting the application of big data. Accordingly, some targeted suggestions are proposed.


Nowhere is the pace of change so rapid or so dramatic as in the semiconductor industry. For any industry to sustain 15% growth per year over a 40-year period is remarkable, but in the next few years, that growth rate is expected to accelerate, creating an industry that rivals historically dominant industries such as automotive and steel for a share of the global economy. Moore's Law has proven remarkably successful in characterizing the growth of the semiconductor industry for the past three decades. During that period, the core microelectronic materials-silicon substrate, SiO/sub 2/-based dielectrics, and aluminum metallization-have undergone relatively minor perturbations. Now, however, a discontinuity in basic semiconductor materials will be necessary for the industry to continue on the curve described by Moore's Law. The materials on which careers have been based are giving way to new gate and interlevel dielectrics, and copper metallization is replacing aluminum-alloy metallization. Given the size of our industry and its impact on the global economy, an accelerated understanding of the reliability physics of these new materials is essential. This paper deals with the work environment, skills and methods required for the reliability scientist to prepare the semiconductor industry for the new millennium.


Sociologists of science and technology have long recognized that the twin forces of specialization and intellectual migration shape the content of scientific and technological knowledge. But while the combination of diverse tools is often a catalyst to innovation, social forces that work to preserve community boundaries can hinder such combination. How, then, do people from distinct practice communities — with different and often conflicting commitments to interpretive frameworks and research tools — come together to define and work on shared problems? This book chapter analyzes the emergence of interdisciplinary collaboration in the Interdisciplinary Research Program Consortia, a National Institutes of Health (NIH) initiative whose goal was to foster an inter-disciplinary approach to research. The chapter focuses on the NIH-funded Oncofertility consortium at Northwestern University. Through a series of semi-structured interviews, participation in Oncofertility conferences, review of conference video records and primary literature, this case study identifies five features that facilitated collaboration in the Oncofertility consortium. First, a hierarchical, centralized and informal governance structure that was highly successful in large part because its decisions were consonant with and relied upon the underlying social norms of the research and clinical community. Second, the presence of a high status intellectual actor with a high degree of trustworthiness in the eyes of consortia members. Third, a pre-existing social network, which formed the core of the research group. Fourth, monthly face-to-face research meetings among that research core. Fifth, having a relatively closed infrastructure where information and know-how was accessible only to core group members. Open data sharing among the research core was crucial for leaps in creativity. Nevertheless, outside this core group of researchers, the consortium initially adopted a "closed" format — in which protocols, findings and access to expertise were available only to consortium members. A "closed" format appeared necessary to generate buy-in for the initial consortium members. Once the consortium was firmly established, and with a higher degree of institutionalization, the consortium became more open — sharing most of its research findings, protocols and expertise with any interested researcher or clinician. Patents did not play a prominent role in encouraging consortium research. Rather, consortium members used patents as an attributional device: all scientists interviewed valued patents almost exclusively for their ability to receive credit for their inventive contributions.Three of these features — the importance of a high status intellectual actor, a pre-existing social network, and face-to-face interactions — echo empirical findings in other case studies, providing further evidence that they constitute hallmarks of successful research commons. Future studies of scientific research consortia are needed to establish whether a close/open transition, and a hierarchical but informal governance structure, play important roles in establishing other successful interdisciplinary knowledge commons.


The present invention has issued a correction method and frequency offset estimation in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system, to obtain an estimate of the pilot bit frequency domain channel in the target user, smoothing in the frequency domain for the channel estimates steps and performs frequency offset estimation and the frequency offset compensation employs a smoothing method, or multi-branch attempt method history, performs frequency domain demodulated data after frequency offset compensation, the output of one link quality state parameter obtaining a receiver link quality state that, and updates the link quality state of the receiver by the link quality state parameter, thereby determining the current frequency offset estimate output values, this frequency offset is determined the next frequency off by the estimated output value And outputting a frequency offset value of the history that required to set estimation. The present invention further expose a device accordingly. The present invention improves the relative frequency offset estimate, OFDM system is reduced interference due to orthogonality loss for the subcarrier, estimated to coverage receiver for a frequency offset between the effective base station and the terminal can do.


Abstract. Distal renal tubular acidosis has been reported as an uncommon cause of urinary calcium stone disease. However, this defect appears to be more frequent when appropriate tests are performed systematically. Twenty‐nine patients with recurrent calcium stones have been separated into three groups: normocalciuric (group A), renal hypercalciuric (group B) and absorptive hypercalciuric (group C). Distal tubular functions were investigated by the (urine‐blood) pCO2 gradient and by an ammonium chloride test. (Urine–blood) pCO2 gradient was (mean pL SEM), 3·33 pL 0·59 in group A, 2·95 pL 0·34 in group B and 3·31 pL 0·58 kPa in group C. All these values differ significantly from those observed in controls (4·11 pL 0·28 kPa; P < 0·05). After 3 days of ammonium chloride loading, ammonium excretion averaged 54·7 pL 4·2 in group A, 54·4 pL 4·3 in group B and 64·3 pL 5·5 μmol min‐1 in group C. Values obtained in the first two groups were significantly lower than that achieved by control subjects (76·4 pL 14·9 μmol min‐1). It is concluded that tubular dysfunctions defined as impairments in hydrogen ion secretion and ammonium excretion after an acid challenge are a common feature of the urinary calcium stone disease and play a contributory role in its pathogenesis.


In case studies of incidents in the two world wars, Martin Middlebrook has managed to weave oral history into a fully-rounded historical analysis. John Keegan, John Ellis, and Eric Leed have used memoirs to get inside the experience of war. So oral and personal history need not be merely descriptive. It seemed at first that Dancocks might have succumbed to the 'Broadfoot Syndrome,' let the tape recorder run, aimed at an easy read, and ducked the question 'so what?'. But the brief commentary he has provided for each section puts the interviews in context, and the appended biographies give some idea of who is speaking. His unobtrusive editorial work thus lets the reader compare the experience of the vows to that of people in similar or even apparently different plights. The vows may not have been aware of it, but their life in a Stalag had much in common with life in the trenches in an earlier war. There was the same sense of helplessness, the same obsession with scarce creature comforts, the same black humour, and the same immersion in the present moment when past and future vanished. For the 'forgotten Canadians' whom Dancocks has remembered, or for the Poor Bloody Infantry, the anthem was the same: 'We're here because we're here because we're here because we're


PURPOSE
To examine a novel technique for simplified placement and removal of plaque brachytherapy by fibrin glue and urokinase (medac Gmbh, Hamburg, Germany).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
In six enucleated porcine eyes, plaques were placed on the episclera and fibrin glue was applied to cover it. Urokinase was used to dissolve the glue in three eyes and saline was used in three eyes. Adhesion strength was measured further on 15 plaques affixed to porcine eyes (glued in five with intact conjunctiva, glued in five with removed conjunctiva, and sutured in five).

RESULTS
Saline had no effect on the glue-plaque-eye complex, whereas the urokinase (0.38 mL ± 0.08 mL) easily dissolved the adhesion between the glue layer and surrounding tissues. The weight required to detach the plaques was 0.349 kg ± 0.173 kg for glued eyes with intact conjunctiva, 0.405 kg ± 0.083 kg for sutured eyes (P = .59), and 0.032 kg ± 0.004 kg for glued eyes without intact conjunctiva (P ≤ .015).

CONCLUSIONS
The usage of the biological adhesive and dissolvent system was applicable for plaque surgery in an ex vivo animal model.


The great variety of detectors available for analyzing nanogram amounts of analyte provides a choice of combination methods for environmental analyses. It appears as if future effort is needed largely in developing selective chemistry for separations or preconcentration. Methods have already been developed for the methylforms of those elements which are biomethylated in the environment. Success here is attributable to separation chemistry.


Hypersecretion bronchial asthma is a poorly characterized variant of asthmatic disease. Probably its pathogenesis is related with impaired innate immunity.


This study investigated some of the microbial, chemical and physical characteristics of the traditional Jordanian Yoghurt which is called (Laban Rayeb). Twenty samples of yoghurt were collected from different stores and analyzed over a 10-day period of storage at the fridge temperature. The results indicated that the pH values and the total titratable acidity over the storage period ranged between (3.62-4.30) and (1.36-1.68), respectively. The wheying off and crude tension values increased significantly over the storage period for all the tested samples. The microbial analysis showed that 65% of the samples were contaminated with total coliform and 50% of them were contaminated with Staphylococci and yeast and molds. These results indicate that yogurt sold in some stores has poor microbiological quality control. This could represent a danger to public health. Hence, more attention should be given by government agencies and manufacturers to ensure the best hygienic conditions and appropriate temperature in the process of manufacturing and sale of yogurt in diary stores. Keywords : Traditional Jordanian Yoghurt, Laban Rayeb, Microbial Analysis, Chemical Analysis, physical Analysis, Total Coliform, Staphylococci.


This study examined the extent, depth and severity of poverty among micro-scale business owners in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State-Nigeria. The study adopted a multi-stage sampling procedure in which a total of 247 sample size was drawn from population of 3325 using appropriate sampling technique. Data were collected with the use of structured questionnaire, analyzed using qualitative statistical tools (simple percentages and tables) and Foster-Greck-Torbeck (FGT) test approach. It was foundout that 65% of the population of study is poor, and 28% of the poor households are living far below the poverty line while 14% of the poor are extremely poor. The study also found out that the sum of N42,900.48, N1,201,213.44 and N15,658,675.2 would be required to bring out these poor individuals out of extreme poverty and up to the poverty line on daily, monthly and annual basis respectively. The study therefore, recommended that unconditional incometransfer (of the sum ofN191.5 for daily, N5,362.56 for monthly, or N64,344 for yearly consideration) to individualpoor household, and strategies targeted atensuring enabling business environment for micro-scale businesses to thrive should be initiated and sustained by government and relevant stakeholders. This will help to alleviate poverty among micro-scale business owners in the state.


The high penetration of intermittent renewable energy resources in active distribution networks (ADN) results in a great challenge for the conventional Volt-Var control (VVC). This article proposes a two-stage deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based real-time VVC method to mitigate fast voltage violation while minimizing the network power loss. In the first stage, on-load tap changer (OLTC) and capacitor banks (CBs) are dispatched hourly based on the optimal power flow method. The optimization problem is formulated as a mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) which can be effectively solved. In the second stage, the reactive power of photovoltaics (PVs) is regulated dynamically to mitigate fast voltage fluctuation based on the well-learned control strategy and local measurements. The real-time VVC problem is formulated and solved using a multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient (MADDPG) method, which features offline centralized training and online decentralized application. Rather than using the critic network to evaluate the output of the actor-network, the gradient of the action-value function to action is derived analytically based on the voltage sensitivity method. The proposed approach is tested on the IEEE 33-bus distribution system and comparative simulation results show the enhanced control effect in mitigating voltage violations.


We examine the competitive firm's willingness to pay for a perfect price forecast. The conventional compensating variation measure can understate the value to risk-averse firms of such a forecast. A Pareto efficient contract contingent on realized prices dominates and shows that information's value is larger the greater is risk aversion.


This report presents the results of a case study of commercial office development in the Philadelphia metropolitan region specifically as it relates to the Philadelphia-Lindenwold rail rapid transit facility. As such, the study represents an integral, though independent, part of a wider, long range and comprehensive investigation of the Lindenwold facility, and especially its impact on urban real estate development in Camden County, New Jersey, currently underway in the Department of Regional Science at the University of Pennsylvania. Notably, the study reported herein, is one of the first known completed attempts at identifying the impact of a modern rail rapid transit system on commercial office development.


Instead of drawing power grid and inputting component parameters manually to establish calculation model, the theoretical line loss calculation platform for 220 kV and above power grid in Shanghai is developed based on grid dispatching D5000 system, capable of capturing real-time power grid basic / operational data and offline graphics saving. It resolves all data for previous day automatically before commencing theoretical line loss calculation. The theoretical line loss calculation results for 500 / 220 kV showed its validity and accuracy. The project effectively accumulates the scientific data and promote State Grid Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Company to fully grasp the related equipment operating conditions of Shanghai 500 / 220kV power grid. The analysis results not only help power company to guide production practice, but also provide a better understanding for power grid weakness and loss composition, which enables power company managers to guide future construction and transformation of power grid accurately and effectively.


The utility model provides a power box for an electric welder at a construction site. The power box comprises a box body and a box door, wherein the box body is internally provided with a load air switch, a leakage protection switch, an incoming cable and an outgoing cable which are electrically and mutually connected; and the incoming cable and the outgoing cable are respectively connected a plugging type connector which is arranged on the outer wall of the box body. Due to rational setting in the box body and rational distribution of components, the power box for the electric welder at the construction site, disclosed by the utility model, can improve usability and safety performance of the power box. As the design of waterproof box door and the waterproof cable connector is adopted by the power box for the electric welder at the construction site, the box body is sealed and is thereby more suitable for outdoor use; meanwhile, the design of the clapboard can guarantee power utilization security management of constructors and prevent irrelevant personnel from operating the power box randomly.


"Zsa Zsa Gabor once famously said, "Husbands are like fires: they go out if unattended". So what kept the burning bush burning?". This is one of many entertaining asides with which Colin Humphreys introduces his investigation of the miracles of the book of Exodus in the Old Testament. The light-hearted style and pace make the book an easy and enjoyable read, but I have to confess that these traits did nothing to dispel my initial prejudice against taking it too seriously. A further consideration was the fact that Humphreys is a physicist by profession rather than a biblical scholar.


A generic tableau algorithm, which is the basis for a general customizable method for producing test oracles from temporal logic speciications, is described in 8]. The algorithm accepts semantic rules as parameters for building the semantic tableau for a speciication. Parameterizing the tableau algorithm by semantic rules permits it to easily accommodate a variety of temporal operators and provides a clean mechanism for ne-tuning the algorithm to produce eecient oracles. In this paper, we report on our prototype implementation of the algorithm and on our experience with its use.


A new automated technique for sensing translational/rotational mask-to-wafer alignment will be presented that is useful with proximity printing processes such as masked ion beam or x-ray lithography. The technique is based on computer interpretation of fringe patterns created by laser beams diffracted from unique grating structures on both the mask and the wafer. It requires no moving parts and features a simple optical configuration that uses a dielectric cube beamsplitter to recombine the diffracted beams. Being an interferometric technique, precision better than 20 nm is easily achieved, while the novel grating structure and fringe analysis provides a capture range in excess of 20 )um. Additional key features of the technique are that it is insensitive to variations in the gap between mask and wafer and that its performance does not degrade with changes in surface reflectivity or topography as device wafers are processed. A single channel of the grating alignment technique has been implemented aiid tested in a laboratory bench fixture. The required mathematics, computer code, and experimental results will be discussed. This work was funded in part by the Naval Ocean Systems Center (NOSC) under contract number N66001-84-C-0110.


This book describes how, in the winter of 1952, New England was battered by the most brutal nor'easter in years, wreaking havoc on land and creating a wind-whipped peril of the freezing Atlantic. In the early hours of Monday, February 18, while the storm raged, two oil tankers, the Fort Mercer and the Pendleton, broke in two. The Coast Guard raced its cutters to the Fort Mercer to rescue the men huddled in the halves, and when the Pendleton proved to be in danger of capsizing, sent out into the storm two 36-foot wooden lifeboats, each manned by four crewmen, in what every crewman realized could be a suicide mission in the enormous seventy-foot seas. This spellbinding book is overflowing with breathtaking scenes that sear themselves into the mind's eye, as boats capsize, bows and sterns crash into one another, and men hurl themselves into the raging sea in their terrifying battle to survive. Not all of the 84 men caught in the midst of the brutal storm survived, but considering the odds, it's a miracle that any came home at all.


Service marketers are particularly interested in consumers' emotional response to service failure and recovery. However, efforts to measure emotional responses in these types of situations by means of post-encounter, self-report measures are far from satisfactory. In this study a neurophysiological approach is used to measure consumers' emotional responses during a service encounter. This approach enables one to assess the impact that the physical features (ethnicity and gender) of service providers can have on consumers' emotional responses to service recovery efforts throughout an entire service recovery interaction. It emerges that consumer responses to service recovery are characterized by both neutral (not statistically different from the baseline) and negative emotional responses as the service encounter unfolds. Individuals with high similarity to the service provider (in terms of gender and ethnicity) exhibit significantly more negative emotional responses than those with low similarity. However traditional measures of post-encounter satisfaction show no differences between high similarity and low similarity and consumers report fairly positive evaluations of the encounter. This discrepancy suggests that, in a situation where social desirability bias may play a role, consumers may exhibit negative emotional responses but may not report these negative responses. The results suggest a need to reconsider social identity theory and similarity-attraction theory in a service recovery situation because physical similarity between service provider and customer leads to significant negative emotional responses. Managerially, frontline service employees should be trained to ensure adequate sensitivity to potentially negative responses when the complainant is of the same gender and ethnicity as the service provider.


The Internet-of-Things (IoT) may be described as a network of networks, but more correctly as an interoperating system of diverse physical and cyber systems. We surveyed a number of IoT systems [1] and in the process, uncovered key issues with semantic interoperability. This paper identifies areas like scope, object definition, and connectivity that we contend must be addressed in a comprehensive IoT meta-model. While we looked at a number of IoT frameworks and how they define data models, we focus on the Project Haystack [2], a 'tagging' IoT framework and meta-model oriented toward building automation but contains concepts that can be extended into other environments.


The three-element resonant network has various topological alternatives, one of which, a prospective compound topology, is investigated in detail. The converter uses one capacitor (C) and two inductors (L2), to form a compound type CL2 network. Various advantages and limitations of the converter are detailed, and a new design procedure for such converters is also introduced. The converter may be controlled by varying the switching frequency or by pulse-width modulation. An experimental prototype has been produced and an excellent performance in the lagging power-factor mode has been confirmed.


Content words contribute the meaning in sentences and comic is used to provide information, consolation, and education. The purpose of this study is to find out the types of content words and the use of content words in the dialogue of comic Teasing Master (former) Takagi-san. A total of 26 dialogues were extracted from 14th chapter in comic Teasing Master (former) Takagi-san. The method used in this study is lexical semantic approach and data collection method is documentation. The first result show for the types of content such as Verb (21) and Noun (18) are the most dominant content words, followed by Adverb (12) and Adjective (6). The second result show for the use of content words such as Noun: Subject (3), Object (10), Interjection (3), Gerund (1), Idiom (1). Verb: Simple Present (11), Progressive tense (4), Simple Past (2), Present Perfect (2), Past Perfect (1), Past Future Perfect (1). Adverb: Modify verb (7), Modify Sentence (2), Modify Adjective (3). Adjective: describe the quality of subject (3),Describe object (3). This research will be helpful for other researcher whoever will make study about semantic especially in content words.


Qiamu, which is only presented during the annual religious festival celebrated in the Lamasery of the Tibetan origin, is a series of grand religious music and dance. The music of Lamaism finds the best way to express itself here. The movements of the Qiamu dancers, the masks they wear and the musical instruments they use all have unique artistic charm.


The study included detection the onset time of the chondrification and ossification of nasal septum in indigenous sheep fetuses. Fetuses have been prepared by using stained with modified double staining method in young ages and maceration with potassium hydroxide in older ages. First sign of nasal septum demonstrated as small spot of condensed mesenchyme of medial nasal prominence of Meckel's cartilage (Hyaline cartilage). Chondrification process of nasal septum initiated at 54 day old. The primary ossification centre of the caudal part of nasal septum appeared at 61 day old in the distal caudal end of mesenchyme of Meckel's cartilage. The examination of nasal septum growth from sheep embryos in the (42-63 days) period shows that this is a rapid period of growth is in the end of the first trimester and the first of second trimester of gestation. The increase in the length of the nasal septum is about three folds (from 0.5 cm at 7 week to 1.6 cm at the 10 week of indigenous fetal age. The results of analysis of variance done on the relative increase in the nasal septum length and nasal septum height showed that the greatest relative increase in nasal septum length was at the 7 week, while the greatest relative increase in the nasal septum height was in the 11 week.


Based on the introduction of soft cut-in control system,and considering the characters of stall-controlled wind turbines,this paper presents a simple and reliable digital trigger algorithm--Double Remainder Algorithm. The common algorithm has simple calculation,rapid response time,good adaptability and high immunity,it requires less resource and is convenient for locale debugging. The soft cut-in controller is designed based on this algorithm and the application of it in NO.F3 of Xinjiang Da-ban-cheng wind power plant has received a good result. This system has very obvious advantages for improving running reliability and cut-in success ratio of wind power generators,and for releasing cut-in inrush current.


Semantic deals with the meaning of language used by people in order to convey meaning of speaking, or messages of a language used. If people do not know the real meaning or the exact meaning, they would have difficult to understand what they want. Although it may relate to the some matters of which we possess to the scientific knowledge (according to the referential or denotational theory describes that the meaning of utterance is what it shows), ideational theory and also behaviourist theory that describes that the meaning of an expression is either the stimulus that cause it or response it cause. So we have to know more about what semantics itself is and what the content of it. In addition we will know what the writer means with his writing, which theory he used and how he expresses his mind in writing.

This study is intended to investigate: what kinds of lexical meanings are found in the English translation of Surah Al-Mulk by A. Yusuf Ali?

In analyzing this surah, the writer used a descriptive qualitative research as design because the data are in the form of words, and it does not need variable and the data are analyzed qualitatively without using both numbers and statistical formula. The writer used the English translation by A. Yusuf Ali as the relevant source of data. After reading and understanding the data obtained and also getting the data from internet, she arranged the data systematically which are accordance with the problem of the study. Having arranged the data systematically, she analyzed them in detail about lexical meaning of each category.

After analyzing the data, the researcher conclude that A. Yusuf Ali elicit lexical meaning on the English translation of surah AL-Mulk dominated by denotative meaning and synonym, and then they are followed by connotation, antonymy, and on the few number they are ambiguity, homonymy, and polysemy, and the fewest is figurative meaning which are elicit by repetition, symbolic, and hyperbole.

The writer suggest the reader, other researcher and English learners who want make this study as reference or for further researcher, they can analyze another style of English translation of the meaning on the holy Qur'an with semantic study or other branch of linguistic point of view. Finally, researcher hopes that this research will be able to help the next researchers who are conduct in the same field of study.


Growing evidence from general circulation models (GCMs) indicates that the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) depends on the magnitude of forcing, which is commonly referred to as state‐dependence. We present a comprehensive assessment of ECS state‐dependence in Earth system models of intermediate complexity (EMICs) by analyzing millennial simulations with sustained 2×CO2 and 4×CO2 forcings. We compare different extrapolation methods and show that ECS is smaller in the higher‐forcing scenario in 12 out of 15 EMICs, in contrast to the opposite behavior reported from GCMs. In one such EMIC, the Bern3D‐LPX model, this state‐dependence is mainly due to the weakening sea ice‐albedo feedback in the Southern Ocean, which depends on model configuration. Due to ocean‐mixing adjustments, state‐dependence is only detected hundreds of years after the abrupt forcing, highlighting the need for long model integrations. Adjustments to feedback parametrizations of EMICs may be necessary if GCM intercomparisons confirm an opposite state‐dependence.


A review of strategic metal supplies and a forecast of how the U.S. will be able to satisfy its future critical technological needs.


It is an important issue as to how to evaluate a university's culture and its effects.Such an evaluation must be made from a comprehensive point of view,with a phased process focusing on the system,quality and function of the university culture.The system evaluation assesses whether a university has a unique culture,the quality evaluation examines the strengths and weaknesses of the university culture,and the function evaluation appraises its actual effects.


The position of women in Italian society and their portrayal in literature and political propaganda from the Middle Ages to the present are examined in this series of essays, written by specialists in various fields of Italian studies.


We introduce and study the entanglement breaking rank of an entanglement breaking channel. We show that the problem of computing the entanglement breaking rank of the channel \begin{align*} \mathfrak Z(X) = \frac{1}{d+1}(X+\text{Tr}(X)\mathbb I_d) \end{align*} is equivalent to the existence problem of symmetric informationally-complete POVMs.