O NE MOMENT THE STREET WAS QUIET AND DRIZZLY, SO FAMILIAR that I barely gave it a thought. he next moment the headlights were upon me, direct, blinding, a lood of illumination so incandescent and unexpected that what gripped me wasn't fear but stupefaction. hen I was on the ground, screaming with a rage that took even myself by surprise: "No, I'm not OK! I'm not OK! I'm not OK!" A lot happened during the four weeks I spent at Spaulding Rehab.1 he Red Sox won the World Series. A record number of women and minority candidates were elected to Congress. Participating in these bonds of anticipation, suspense, and elation didn't make me forget that I was wedded to my wheelchair, another kind of bond, never before contemplated and in many ways more interesting than the others. his unsightly contraption, a marvel of metallic suppleness, was never apart from me or out of my mind: not the new normal but simply part of life, taken for granted and integral to my sense of myself. Not being able to live without it deined me, an identity I got used to with surprising ease. he motto for Spaulding Rehab is "Find Your Strength," a cleareyed, matteroffact injunction that I appreciated when I arrived, and even more so when I let, still needing an ambulance. For those of us living with the unpredictable course of the injured body, strength is not a given, not a fact in the present tense.2 Not securely lodged, it is rather an aspiredto outcome, the promise of a yettoberealized future. One has to work for it, try to ind it. What one inds varies greatly from one person to another. here is always the chance that the search will be in vain, that this aspiredto outcome will always remain aspiredto, beckoning from a place just beyond our reach. his uncertain future brings to mind the taunt popularized by disability activists: "temporarily abledbodied."3 Most of us think 1 3 4 . 2 ]


• Matthew W. Iarocci is employed by the City of White Plains, New York as a personnel technician whose primary responsibility has been the revamping of the city civil service system. He received his B.A. in political science from lona College in New Rochelle, New York, and is currently working on an M.P.A. at Baruch College of the City University of New York. He is also an adult education instructor in how to prepare for civil service examinations. I am defining a dual personnel system as one where either functional overlap or organizational dichotomy is present between the civil service system and the collective bargaining process. Functional overlap exists when many of the same matters are administered under a civil service system and negotiated in the collective bargaining process.


This study aims to unfold the changing home phenomenon for all family members in the divorce process from different perspectives in the context of feeling like home again. This is a descriptive document review study. The data source of the research consists of articles published and the search made using the keywords divorce, post-divorce parenting, consequences of divorce, home-making practices, and post-divorce sense of belonging. Although the divorce process brings about physical and relational changes in the family structure and hence the home environment, all family members can overcome these painful times with minimum trauma and even have higher well-being than in the pre-divorce period. The children can continue a relationship of love and trust with their parents, and former spouses can withstand the burden brought by divorce much more quickly by feeling like home again.


This paper proposes a theoretical model of spacial duopoly, where the location, on the one hand, and the absorptive capacity of firms as function of their internal R&D investment, on the other hand, endogenously determine the maximum level of knowledge spillovers they might absorb. Our goal is to test whether this new modelling of spillovers modifies the traditional conclusions on firm location choices. In this three-stage game, firms choose first their geographical location, then their level of internal R&D expenditures, and finally their prices. We found that, at the optimum, firms location is symmetrical and tends to the centre of the market as the transportation costs increase, knowledge spillovers being in this case maximum. Moreover firms choose the same level of internal R&D and set the same price independently of their location.


Scientific article recommendation still remains one of the challenging issues in education, including learning process. Difficulties in finding related articles from research history and research interest have been experienced by students in collage affecting the duration of study and research time. This paper proposed a new solution by building a search engine to collect and to recommend articles related to student research topics. The system combined the web scraping method as an article data retrieval technique on google scholar and item-based collaborative filtering to recommend the article.  Parameters result produced based on items of user's history, including item-searched, clicked, and downloaded. The system was built on a web-based scientific article recommendation system using python programming language. This system recommends articles based on the preferences of users and other users who are affiliated and who have an interest in the same item. This research showed that the validation result from the system obtained a recommendation accuracy value over 0.516801. The percentage of the RMSE error value of the recommendation system is 8.62%, or in other words that the accuracy of the recommendation system is 91.28%.


This paper holds that the capacity for securing a sustainable income(CSI) is the key issue to decide whether the farmers in the western poverty areas will replant or not.The CSI is further expressed as income level, income sources,and income structure and their enabling environment.The theoretical and empirical study finds that the CSI is constrained by farmer's capital stock,local natural condition,and economic condition,in which,the limitation of capital stocks,such as human capital and materials,constrained the choices of the farmers to extend their sources of income.The limitation of infrastructure,undeveloped industrial structure,and limitation of employment opportunity constrained the household's income sources and income structure after the implementation of SLCP in a short term.This paper,therefore,proposes that the SLCP policy should be adjusted to remove the obstacles of those constrains and to create an enabling environment for farmers to pursuit a sustainable income,to ensure ecological benefits.


Abundant and complicated phenomena of aesthetic culture in contemorary China manifest the signficance of the vigorous growth of research on aesthetic culture,it is promoting aesthetic studies'transformation from concept system to words pattern. How to grasp the function of contem- porary aesthetic culture and its ways of practising is a complex problem worth attaching importance to,because both creator and appreciater's " sense of role" have changed subtly,market tendency of aesthetic culture is increasingly clear,and the populace colour of aesthetic culture activities is strong gradually. To gain aesthetic depth,improve artistic taste,and adjust relations between amusement and development,we should pay attention to recreational and communicational functions of aesthetic culture on reality level,emotion- experiencing and character- promoting functions on transcendence lev- el;we should adjustrelations between creation and appreciation,production and consumption and we should make double subjects'construction machanism,regulate relations between adaptation and sub- jugation.


A study was conducted to evaluate the productive performance of pure and crossbred Yorkshire sows in a commercial farm in Venezuela. The effect of maternal line (80 Yorkshire sows and 80 ½ Landrace × ½ Yorkshire sows) and parity number (first, second, third, fourth or more) on feed intake of sows (FI), backfat thickness at farrowing (BF1) and at the end of lactation (BF2), backfat loss during lactation (BFL), body weight at 110 days of gestation (BW110G) and at the end of lactation (BW21L), number of piglets born alive (NPBA), dead (NPBD), mummies (NPBM), litter birth-weight (LBW) and at weaning (LWW), number of weaned piglets (NWP), and weaning to estrous interval (WEI) were evaluated. The FI and WEI were not different (P>0.05) between maternal lines or among parities. Both factors affected (P<0.05) BFL of sows, with greater values (P<0.01) in crossbred sows (2.77 mm) with respect to pure sows (1.52 mm). First and second-parity sows had greater BFL (P<0.01) than the other groups. The BW21L was greater (P<0.01) in crossbred sows compared to pure sows (206.39 vs. 197.47 kg), and was the lowest (P<0.01) in first parity sows. The LBW was lower (P<0.05) in first parity sows than that of sows of three or more parities. The crossbred sows had greater NPBA (P<0.05) and NWP (P<0.01) than pure sows (12.86 vs. 11.67 and 10.84 vs. 9.78, respec


We are reporting on analysis, design, construction, and key parameters of the device for a two-way time transfer via an optical fiber. The dominant source of errors in the two-way optical time transfer (TWOTT) via relatively short optical fibers is the temperature dependence of internal delays within the terminal units. We have performed an analysis of the influence of the internal delays and their temperature dependence on the TWOTT process considering two different configurations of the terminals with the feedback coupling in optical and electrical domains. The achieved results have been used for the optimal design of a TWOTT system implementing standard small form-factor pluggable optical transceivers. The operational tests of this new TWOTT system confirmed the precision of the time transfer on the subpicosecond level, the time transfer stability characterized by TDEV better than 60 fs for averaging intervals from 100 s to 10 000 s, and the temperature stability better than 100 fs K−1.


ABSTRACT Inverse binomial sampling is preferred for quick report. It is also recommended when the population proportion is really small to ensure a positive sample is contained. Group testing has been discussed extensively under binomial model, but not so much under negative binomial model. In this study, we investigate the problem of how to determine the group size using inverse binomial group testing. We propose to choose the optimal group size by minimizing asymptotic variance of the estimator or the cost relative to Fisher information. We show the good performance of our estimator by applying to the data of Chlamydia.


Objective To observe the protective effects of dauricine on cardiac hypertrophy induced by thyroxine in rats. Methods Cardiac hypertrophy model of rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection of thyroxine.Several doses of dauricine and verapamil were intraperitoneally injected when the model was formed to search the effect of dauricine or verapamil on the fibrosis and oxidative index of hypertrophic cardiac muscle. Results Dauricine could depress the fibrosis and cell hypertrophy of hypertrophic cardiac muscle,and reduce the heart weight index(P0.01),reduce the activities of CK and LDH in blood and content of MDA in cardiac muscle,and increase the activities of SOD in cardiac muscle(P0.05). Conclusion Dauricine can effectively reduce the fibrosis of cardiac hypertrophy and enhance the ability of anti-oxidant in heart tissue.


How to make a sandcastle with good stability is an interesting modeling problem, the core of which is how to design the shape of its foundation and select appropriate material so that it can fully resist wave erosion. First, we design the Foundation Shape Optimization (FSO) Model to obtain the geometric shape that last longest. By pre-screening, we preliminarily select the circular truncated cone. Then we analyse the impact force of the sea waves, list the constraint conditions and calculate the optimal parameters for it. Second, the water-to-sand mixture is identified by microcosmic Normalized Extremum Model. Before getting results, the Ideal Sand Particles Plane (ISPP) Model helps us figure out the equivalent relationship among three functions. Finally, we get the objective function through normalization and work out the best proportion (13.14%) with the optimal sub-humid angle through Genetic Algorithm (GA).


Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy that is characterized by the overabundance of monoclonal paraprotein. Aurora kinase A (AURKA) was upregulated in patients with high-risk MM. AURKA inhibitors were used to inhibit MM cell proliferation by inducing cell apoptosis and injury. In our study, we aim to identify biological processes and pathways of MM cells under the knockout of AURKA (AURKA KO) by using a bioinformatics method to elucidate their potential pathogenesis. The gene expression profiles of the GSE163589 dataset were originally produced by using the high-throughput BGISEQ-500 (Homo sapiens). The biological categories and pathways were analyzed by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO), and Reactom enrichment. KEGG and GO results indicated the biological pathways related to the immune responses and cancer activities were mostly affected in the development of MM with AURKA KO. Moreover, we identified several genes including GNG5, UBE2D1, and BUB1B were involved in the regulation of cancer genesis. We further predicted novel regulators that had the ability to affect the progression of MM with AURKA KO based on the L1000fwd analysis. Therefore, this study provides further insights into the mechanism of MM under AURKA inhibitor treatments.


Patties were formulated with 20% fat ground beef and sorghum flour (SF) at 2, 4, and 6% levels (10, 20, and 30% as rehydrated 1:4 with water). Beef patties containing SF had higher pH, greater yield, less total cooking loss, less shrinkage in diameter, and less increase in thickness than those without SF. Water activity of cooked patties was not affected by addition of SF. Fat and water retentions of beef patties increased as the level of SF increased. Hunterlab a values (redness) for raw patties decreased as the level of SF increased, but a values for cooked patties were not influenced by level of SF. Shear force and compression of cooked patties decreased as the level of SF increased. Meat aroma and flavor decreased, but sorghum aroma and flavor of cooked patties increased as the level of SF increased. Tenderness of cooked patties increased as the level of SF increased, but juiciness of cooked patties was not affected.


Laser irradiation yields a powerful tool to modify the symmetry and asymmetry features of materials surfaces. In this paper, femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures were applied on stainless steel AISI 314, specially hardened by a low-vacuum carburizing procedure. Symmetry modifications in the surface's morphology and chemistry before and after the laser treatment were investigated by SEM and EDS, respectively. Coefficient of friction (COF) was observed in dry sliding condition by using block-on-ring sliding test. The results show that COF values are substantially lower after laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) surface treatment.


This paper analyzes the impact of monetary policy on stock market excess returns and the impact of this influence under investor sentiment. Principal component analysis was used to construct composite retail investor sentiment index and institutional investor sentiment index, using group comparison analysis and multiple linear regression analysis methods. The empirical analysis shows that there is a positive correlation between stock market returns and money supply, and the addition of investor sentiment will increase the extent of this effect of monetary policy on stock market returns and stock market volatility. In contrast, the effect of monetary policy on stock market returns is even pronounced by joining institutional investor sentiment.


A system for multimodal laser speckle imaging may include a first light Source positioned to emit laser light toward a target, a second light source positioned to emit light toward the target, a camera positioned to receive light scattered from the target, and a processor. The processor may be pro grammed to receive from the at least one camera at least one image of the target as illuminated by the laser, obtain a laser speckle contrast image of the target from the at least one image of the target as illuminated by the laser, receive from the at least one camera at least one image of the target as illuminated by the second light source, divide the laser speckle contrast image into Subparts, and divide the at


This paper aims to focus on the autonomous behavior selection issue of robotics from the perspective of episodic memory in cognitive neuroscience with biology-inspired attention system. It instructs a robot to follow a sequence of behaviors. This is similar to human travel to a target location by guidance.,The episodic memory-driving Markov decision process is proposed to simulate the organization of episodic memory by introducing neuron stimulation mechanism. Based on the learned episodic memory, the robotic global planning method is proposed for efficient behaviors sequence prediction using bottom-up attention. Local behavior planning based on risk function and feasible paths is used for behavior reasoning under imperfect memory. Aiming at the problem of whole target selection under redundant environmental information, a top-down attention servo control method is proposed to effectively detect the target containing multi-parts and distractors which share same features with the target.,Based on the proposed method, the robot is able to accumulate experience through memory, and achieve adaptive behavior planning, prediction and reasoning between tasks, environment and threats. Experimental results show that the method can balance the task objectives, select the suitable behavior according to current environment.,The behavior selection method is integrated with cognitive levels to generate optimal behavioral sequence. The challenges in robotic planning under uncertainty and the issue of target selection under redundant environment are addressed.


To quantify the reactions of nitric oxide (NO) with hemoglobin under physiological conditions and to test models of NO transport on hemoglobin, we have developed an assay to measure NO-hemoglobin reaction products in normal volunteers, under basal conditions and during NO inhalation. NO inhalation markedly raised total nitrosylated hemoglobin levels, with a significant arterial-venous gradient, supporting a role for hemoglobin in the transport and delivery of NO. The predominant species accounting for this arterial-venous gradient is nitrosyl(heme)hemoglobin. NO breathing increases S-nitrosation of hemoglobin beta-chain cysteine 93, however only to a fraction of the level of nitrosyl(heme)hemoglobin and without a detectable arterial-venous gradient. A strong correlation between methemoglobin and plasma nitrate formation was observed, suggesting that NO metabolism is a primary physiological cause of hemoglobin oxidation. Our results demonstrate that NO-heme reaction pathways predominate in vivo, NO binding to heme groups is a rapidly reversible process, and S-nitrosohemoglobin formation is probably not a primary transport mechanism for NO but may facilitate NO release from heme.


Thermal microwave phonons have been generated in thin resistive films deposited on X-cut quartz and sapphire crystals. The propagation characteristics of these teracycle phonons have been measured in these crystals, and the data have been analyzed using computer techniques. For this work, thin-film, superconducting bolometers were used as the phonon pulse-detecting element with apparently high sensitivity. The results indicated the onset of elastic dispersion in quartz.


The mass spectral behaviour of a number of isothiazoles has been studied. It appears feasible to determine the position of substitution of these compounds from their mass spectra. Some of the ions in the spectra of the three monomethylisothiazoles are considered to arise from ring-expanded molecular ions. The anomalous elimination of carbon monoxide occurs from isothiazole-4-carboxamide.


The invention relates to a radial-axial rolling forming method for inner step section ring pieces, which comprises sawing and cutting raw materials into material sections, heating the material sections from room temperature to austenitizing temperature evenly and keeping warm; rounding, heading, punching, chambering and flattening the material sections to be forged into ring piece blanks to be rolled; placing the ring piece blanks in a heating furnace to be heated to preset temperature and keeping warm to be taken out; placing the ring piece blanks into a hole mould of a radial-axial ring rolling machine to be rolled and formed into the inner step section ring pieces of preset shapes and sizes through multi-rotation rolling; guaranteeing mechanical property of the forge pieces through normalizing and tempering thermal treatment; and finally cutting the forge pieces into finished products. The method reduces following-up machining allowance for near-net-shape accurate forming of inner step section ring forge pieces, remarkably improves utilization rate of materials, reduces forging heating number, saves energy consumption and has the advantages of being high in production efficiency and low in cost.


The present invention discloses a token acquisition method, device and system and belongs to the technical field of Internet. The method comprises: receiving an initialization request sent by a terminal, wherein the initialization request carries a terminal identification of the terminal; distributing an account number and a secret key to the terminal according to the terminal identification and sending the account number and the key to the terminal; receiving a token acquisition request sent by the terminal and detecting whether the token acquisition request is legal or not, wherein the token acquisition request is generated by the terminal according to the account number and the key; generating a token if the token acquisition request is legal; and sending the token to the terminal. The present invention has the beneficial effects that the account number and a password are automatically distributed to the terminal by an authentication server without the need of manually inputting the account number and the password by a user, and the overall login authentication process is automatically finished by the terminal and the authentication server, so that the operation efficiency is improved.


The aim of this research was to investigate the relationships between creativity, subclinical bipolar disorder symptomatology, and psychological well-being. The study method was of descriptive, correlational type. Significant tests were performed using multivariate regression analysis. Students of the 4th grade of 6 different Italian colleges (N = 329) completed voluntarily the test of divergent feelings (TDF) included in the creative assessment packet (CAP), the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Paris, Pisa and San Diego—Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A), and the psychological well-being scale (PWB). Significant positive correlations between creativity and bipolar disorder vulnerability, especially hyperthymia, were found. Creativity was, instead, poorly associated to psychological well-being subscales, except autonomy and personal growth. In addition, although multivariate regression showed that creativity was not a significant predictor of almost all the psychological well-being subscales, it did show a significant association with personal growth. On the contrary, bipolar disorder vulnerability, in particular hyperthymia, was found to significantly predict all psychological well-being scales, except personal growth. These results improve knowledge on the mutual association of creativity, psychological well-being, and bipolar vulnerability, giving a theoretical framework in which situate these constructs.


Many organic sulfones have been shown to possess antibacterial, antimalarial, anthelmintic, antilepral, antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic acitivities. These sulfones are commonly prepared from sodium benzenesulfinate 1-0 which plays an important role in organic synthesis. However the application of 1-0 in solid-phase synthesis has received relatively less attention. This project, which comprises two parts; aims to (i) synthesise and examine the biological activities of 2-benzenesulfonylmethyl-5-substituted-thiol-[1,3,4]oxadiazoles, and (ii) examine the use of polymer-bound sodium benzenesulfinate as a traceless linker for the solidphase synthesis of substituted pyrimidines. Part 1: Solution-phase Synthesis of 2-Benzenesulfonylmethyl-5-substituted-thiol-[1,3,4] oxadiazoles Various oxadiazoles and oxadiazolinethiones have been reported to exhibit bactericidal and/or fungicidal activities. As shown in Figure 1.1, compounds 1-1 suppress the immune function and possesses the hepatoprotective activity, compounds 1-2 have the ability to kill the Meloidogyne incognita, and compound 1-3 has been shown to be bioactive against pulmonary adenocarcinoma A549, large intestine cancer HT-29, squamous pulmonary carcinoma Ma44, pancreatic cancer PANC-1, squamous pulmonary carcinoma RERF-LC-AI and non-smat cell lung H460 cells. N N O S Ph N N O S R (CH2)m X CF2 (X=H, Halo, Alkyl; m=3-10 R= p-trifluorophenyl ) N N O S O2N N N N Me2HNHN N H n-Pr 1-1 1-2 1-3 Figure 1.1 General structure of bioactive 2-substituted-thiol-[1,3,4]oxadiazole Due to the diverse bioactivity of 2-substituted-thiol-[1,3,4]oxadiazoles, synthesizing new classes of 2-substituted-thiol-[1,3,4]oxadiazoles has been actively pursued. 1 Student 2 Lecturer Purpose of project Although many biologically interesting organic sulfones have been isolated or prepared, to our knowledge, the synthesis and bioactivities of 2-sulfonylmethyl-5-thiol-[1,3,4]oxadiazoles has not been reported. The aim of this project is to realize the synthesis of this class of compound and examine their bioactivities. Results and Discussion Our synthetic strategy to 2-sulfonylmethyl-5-thiol-[1,3,4]oxadiazoles 1-7 is described in Scheme 1.1. SO2Na SO2 R1 OR O SO2 R1 NHNH2 O SO2 R1 N O NH S SO2 R1 N O N S R2 1-0 1-4 1-5 1-6 1-7 Scheme 1.1 Synthesis of 2-benzenesulfonylmethyl-5-substituted-thiol-[1,3,4]oxadiazole α-Sulfonylesters 1-4 were obtained via sulfinate → sulfone alkylation of sodium benzenesulfinate with different α-bromoesters in the presence of KI and NBu4I (Yields: 9298%). Addition of 1-4 to hydrazine hydrate under refluxing condition gave α-sulfonylcarboxylic hydrazides 1-5 in good yields (Yield: 85-90%). Treatment of 1-5 with carbon disulfide in the presence of potassium hydroxide under refluxing condition gave substituted 5benzenesulfonylmethyl-3H-[1,3,4]oxadiazole-2-thiones 1-6 in 78-84% yield. Based on the successful alkylation of 1-6, it was interesting to investigate the possibility of introducing another bioactive motif, the piperazine moiety to the compound. 1-(2-Chloroethyl)4-substituted-piperazines were used as the alkylating agents. Treatment of 1-6b with 1-(2chloroethyl)-4-pyrimid-2-ylpiperazine in the presence of K2CO3/THF at room temperature did not give the desired 1-7ba and the starting material, 1-6b was recovered. However, when KI was introduced and refluxing condition was applied, 1-7ba was obtained in 75 % yield. This reaction condition was therefore used in the preparation of other analogues of 1-7. A small library of six 2-benzenesulfonylmethyl-5-substituted-thiol-[1,3,4]oxadia-zoles 1-7 was prepared. These compounds are currently being screened for their bioactivity. Part 2: Traceless Solid-phase Synthesis of Substituted Pyrimidines The synthesis of combinatorial compound libraries is rapidly taking on the role of a powerful component within modern lead finding processes that aim at the identification of compounds with novel target activities of interest. In the drug discovery context, the ability to synthesize small organic molecules with high yield on solid support has definite strategic relevance. It facilitates the preparation of compound arrays in multiple parallel syntheses and enables the application of combinatorial methods for the synthesis of large libraries suitable for systematic evaluation in biochemical or biological test systems. In view of the expected biostability and bioavailability, small organics (e.g. heterocycles) rather than chain-like biooligomers are more attractive leads for subsequent medicinal chemistry efforts. The pyrimidyl heterocyclic core is found in numerous natural products and in the pyrimidine and purine bases which constitute the ribo-and deoxyribonucleosides. In addition, a number of synthetic pharmacophores with antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, and antimycotic activities are based upon the pyrimidyl structural motifs. Figure 2.1 shows some bioactive pyrimidines. Pyrimidine sulfonamide 2-1 is a non-peptide antagonist whilst compound 2-2 is used as a veterinary medicine. N N P i (EtO)2(S=)PO


Thermally induced changes in the length of the external resonator in a three‐mirror coupled cavity laser can enhance the temperature range for single longitudinal mode operation. The enhancement occurs when the length of the external resonator is altered to track the change in the effective length of the laser diode, hence maintaining feedback on the same longitudinal mode. We observe stable single longitudinal mode operation for 15 °C with a planar external mirror and for as much as 25 °C with a confocal spherical mirror in a coupled cavity device incorporating an AlGaAs laser diode at constant current. This is a three to fivefold enhancement over what would be expected if the passive cavity were of fixed length. The data are consistent with thermal compensation of the external cavity length to match the thermal effects on the refractive index of the AlGaAs diode.


Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is one of the major drivers of gastric carcinogenesis. EBV infection is established before tumour initiation and is generally maintained throughout tumour development; however, the significance of EBV in tumour maintenance and progression remains to be elucidated. Here, we report eight cases of EBV‐associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) with intratumoural heterogenous expression of EBV‐encoded small RNA (EBER), a highly expressed latent gene of EBV, and demonstrate clinicopathological characteristics of these rare cases. By performing detailed histological assessment of EBER‐positive and ‐negative components of each case, detection of EBV genome in tumour cells by fluorescence in situ hybridisation, TP73 methylation analysis, whole exome sequencing, and targeted gene panel sequencing, we identified tumours in two patients to be collision tumours of different origins. In the other six patients, some genetic/epigenetic alterations were shared between EBER‐positive and ‐negative components, suggesting that EBV was eliminated from tumour cells during progression. Interestingly, in both tumour types, programmed death ligand 1 and intratumoural infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes were lower in EBER‐negative than in EBER‐positive components, suggesting an immunogenic role of EBV. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the detailed histological features and genetic/epigenetic alterations in EBVaGC with heterogenous EBER expression; the loss of EBV may benefit tumour progression and immune evasion and might be clinically important for selecting treatment strategies for such cancers. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.


How slow is an ogre? How do you get rid of a dragon (if it's on your roof)? Would you go off with a fly-by-night? And who was the funniest dog in the world? These are a few of the important questions that are answered in this book. Terry Jones' brilliant fairy tales will take you to strange lands and fabulous kingdoms where you'll find mystery and magic, sadness and silliness, and more adventures than you'll know what to do with. The surreal lands and eccentric characters are superbly illustrated by Michael Foreman in his signature watercolours, which perfectly capture the energy and wit of every story.


We report first record on occurrence of the midge genus Paraboreochlus in Missouri based upon aquatic macro-invertebrate community samples collected during September 2002 from a reach of Caney Fork...


The fact that the production and consumption amounts are different from each other gives a dynamic feature to the concept of storage. In addition, an effective storage activity hinges upon the selection of the right warehouse location that takes into account capital and labor investments; minimizes the transportation cost and time. The aim of this study is to investigate the preliminary researches in the selection of the warehouse location selection and to present information on which success factors and methods are preferred. Within this scope, many academic studies have been examined by filtering various databases. According to the results of the study, the most used methods in warehouse location selection are multi-criteria decision making methods such as AHP, ANP and TOPSIS; and the most commonly used success factor is determined as the cost-based factors.


First-principles electronic structure theory explains properties of atoms, molecules and solids from underlying physical principles without input from empirical parameters. Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) has emerged as arguably the most widely used first-principles method for describing the time-dependent quantum mechanics of many-electron systems. In this thesis, we will show how the fundamental principles of TDDFT can be extended and applied in two novel directions: The theory of open quantum systems (OQS) and quantum computation (QC). In the first part of this thesis, we prove theorems that establish the foundations of TDDFT for open quantum systems (OQS-TDDFT). OQS-TDDFT allows for a firstprinciples description of non-equilibrium systems, in which the electronic degrees of freedom undergo relaxation and decoherence due to coupling with a thermal environment, such as a vibrational or photon bath. We then discuss properties of functionals in OQS-TDDFT and investigate how these differ from functionals in conventional TDDFT using an exactly solvable model system. Next, we formulate OQS-TDDFT in the linear-response regime, which gives access to environmentally broadened excitation spectra. Lastly, we present a hybrid approach in which TDDFT can be used


The present invention provides a preparation method was added a filler-containing polytetrafluoroethylene granular powder of large apparent density of the granular powder, small average particle size and a narrow particle size distribution, good powder flowability, prepared from the granular powder excellent tensile strength and elongation of the molded product and the surface roughness. The addition of the polytetrafluoroethylene granular powder filler is prepared by mixing the PTFE powder and filler in water to a slurry state in the presence of a surfactant, and then in water to form a liquid - liquid is stirred in the presence of an organic liquid interface granulation.


After years of neglect, care at the end of life is receiving increasing attention and concern. It is then that the body is consumed by a progressive and mortal illness, and the person must cope not only with the bodily symptoms, but also with the existential crisis of the end of life and approaching death. As the body suffers, the mind is indeed "commanded … to suffer with the body," as Shakespeare so well described. Thus, suffering near the end of life encompasses both the mind and the body. Providing optimal symptom relief and alleviation of suffering is the highest priority. However, evidence suggests that we continue to fall far short of this ideal (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 1996; Cassem, 1997; Cassel & Foley, 1999; Carver & Foley, 2000). Although pain management guidelines have been the most widely disseminated, we know that many patients continue to suffer not only from pain, but other troubling physical symptoms in their final days (American Nursing Association, 1991; Carr et al., 1994; American Pain Society, 1995; American Academy of Neurology, 1996; American Board of Internal Medicine, 1996; Ahmedzai, 1998). Despite clear advances in the identification and treatment of psychiatric disorders, we continue to underdiagnose and undertreat the debilitating symptoms of depression, anxiety, and delirium in the final stages of life (Carroll et al., 1993; Hirschfeld et al., 1997; Holland, 1997, 1998, 1999; Breitbart et al., 2000; Chochinov & Breitbart, 2000). And, beyond these physical and psychological symptoms, we fall even shorter of our goals of alleviating the spiritual, psychosocial, and existential suffering of the dying patient and family (Cherny & Portenoy, 1994; Cherny et al., 1996; Fitchett & Handzo, 1998; Karasu, 2000). And this is in spite of the ethical imperative "to comfort always" (Pellegrino, 2000).


[Objective] Through the analysis of 151 cases of lumbar spondylolisthesis treated with surgical and bone graft procedures,the different types of surgical and bone graft procedures were evaluated.[Methods]Patients with spondylolisthesis were divided into 4 groups based on their pathology and different surgical and bone graft procedures were used accordingly:group A was consisted of 21 patients with spondylolisthesis ofⅠdegree,they were treated with reduction of sliding vertebra,posterior internal fixation by nail-stick system and lumber vertebral lamina fusion.Group B was consisted of 46 cases with spondylolisthesis ofⅠdegree(20 cases) andⅡdegree(26 cases),they were treated with decompression,reduction of sliding vertebra,posterior internal fixation by nail-stick system and the intraspinal vertebral body fusion.Group C was consisted of 29 cases with spondylolisthesis ofⅠdegree(6 cases),Ⅱdegree(16 cases) andⅢdegree(7 cases),they were treated with decompression,reduction of sliding vertebra,posterior internal fixation by nail-stick system and the intervertebral body and vertebral lamina fusion through the zygopophysis.Group D was consisted of 55 cases with spondylolisthesis ofⅠdegree(4 case),Ⅱdegree(41 cases) and Ⅲ degree(10 cases),they were treated with decompression,reduction of sliding vertebra,posterior internal fixation by nail-stick system and the intervertebral body,transverse and vertebral lamina fusion through the zygopophysis.[Results]The patients were followed up from 8 months to 6 years with an average of 3 years and 7 months.The reduction rate of spondylolisthesis,fusion rate and improving rate of JOA scores were respectively 63.22%,76.12% and 90.33% in group A,93.41%,93.48% and 84.61% in group B,90.54%,94.11% and 77.58% in group C,and 92.49%,98.00% and 79.64 in the group D.[Conclusion]The concrete surgical techniques for treatment of spondylolisthesis should be selected according to the extent of spondylolisthesis,clinical presentation and general properties of the patient.


Purpose – The Report on the Consultation on the Review of No Secrets, published by the Department of Health in 2009 highlighted the need for commissioners to take more responsibility, in partnership with regulators, for safeguarding people who use services. This article aims to focus on resources that support the role of commissioners to maintain or improve the quality of services to reduce the likelihood of abuse, neglect or harm.Design/methodology/approach – The article is based on the content of two SCIE resources. The first looks at all of the monitoring mechanisms a commissioner can draw upon to monitor good quality without overlap with inspectors or overburdening the provider. The second looks at common areas of practice that lead to safeguarding referrals in care homes. Working with a group of 30 practitioners, comprising largely commissioners and providers, a guide to preventing some of the problems that frequently lead to safeguarding referrals from care homes was developed.Findings – The first S...


Background
Gradually, more patients with Lung Cancer, survive and the quality of their life compose a focus such as is disturbed from the side effects of treatment. It is known the toxicity of cardiovascular system, the spinal cord, esophagus, from therapies as: chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Radiotherapy to the lung cancer (± chemotherapy) causes acute and chronic cardiac toxicity such as acute pericarditis, arrhythmias and pericardial effusion, increased atherosclerosis and constrictive pericarditis (after irradiation). The risk is greatest with left lung irradiation and radiation involving the mediastinum. The effect of 3D Conformal radiotherapy to the left lung cancer or/and mediastinum, in the organs at risk (OAR), as heart, spinal cord, esophagus, unilateral lung.


ABSTRACT While dynamic photonic materials have attracted much attention and there are well-known examples of color-changing species in nature, dynamic thermal control via modulation of optical properties has made relatively little progress. By replicating unique properties of desert ants and chameleons, here we present a stretchable selective emitter based on corrugated nickel that can modulate the emissivity to provide dynamic thermal control on human bodies. By evaporating nickel on a pre-strained polymer, we create 700-nm periodic corrugations that increase the nickel absorptivity from 0.3 to 0.7 in 0.2–2.5 µm wavelengths due to multiple scattering, as supported by spectroscopy and computations. The optical change is reversible and accompanies ambient surface temperature variations in 305–315 K. We demonstrate a wearable system, and the corrugated nickel on a human body at 309 K allows a heat flux of 62 Wm−2 out of the skin when stretched and 79 Wm−2 into the skin when released.


[1] In the Internet savvy and technology dependent world of today, it is difficult to imagine life without Google Maps. The pioneer webmapping platform provides users with a number of free services, ranging from simple directions to high-resolution imagery of terrain. The service has revolutionized travel, providing guidance and resources to more than just the directionally challenged. Contributing to this notoriety was Google's addition of "Street View" to the array of mapping functions in May of 2007. As its name implies, the Street View function allows users to view enhanced, 360-degree snapshots of homes, streets and other public property. According to Google, the Street View photographs further aided users of the platform by providing accurate images of destinations,


"We employ cost-of-living surveys and business archives to examine the impact of compulsory pension on the demand for life insurance in Sweden from 1884 to 1914 - a period covering the implementation of the first public compulsory old-age pension reform and the take-off of industry life insurance. As predicted from the contemporary literature on crowding-out effects, we find that compulsory pension reduces the demand for life insurance. Our results also show that income was the major driver for life insurance, along with family structure and geographical localization, while dependence on a male breadwinner played a less significant role."


Various installations and appliances used by building occupants are manually operated, including office devices, kitchen appliances, washing basins, etc. By monitoring appliances usage and thus energy consumption, office occupants could received feedback on their energy needs, which is considered vital to spur energy conservation. In this work, we investigate a novel generation of 2D-matrix thermopile sensors for recognising objects and object-occupant interactions from their heat patterns for a total of 21 activities using a single sensor installation. The activities were chosen according to their relevance for appliance energy consumption. We present a processing concept adapted for thermopile matrix sensors to detect and track objects. Furthermore, detected objects were classified according to object state and occupant interaction categories. In scripted and real-life datasets using a ceiling mounted matrix sensor, we demonstrate that a single sensor installation can provide information on various activities, rather than instrumenting many devices and appliances with individual sensors. We show that activities with a clear thermal signature can be recognized with more than 96% accuracy. We also show experimental results for activities that have a thermal signature closer to the ambient temperature. c © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of [name organizer]


Using a systematic expansion of the quark-antiquark Bethe Salpeter wave functions in the relativistic quark model and working to O(P-4) in the chiral limit, we are able to derive theoretical expressions relating the coefficients of the chiral Lagrangian l(1),l(2) to the underlying quark-antiquark wave functions and interaction kernels. This is accomplished by using a novel technique based on a Ward identity for the quark-antiquark ladder kernel which greatly simplifies the required effort. Numerical evaluations are performed in two simple specific models.


Patella Infera (PI) is a rare condition presenting with shortening of the patella tendon. PI can be seen as a congenital abnormality, or as a complication secondary to trauma or kneesurgery [1-5]. It was first described in 1982 by Caton et al. and was defined as a CatonDeschamps index £ 0.66. The Caton-Deschamps index is assessed on a knee x-ray in sagittal view where the length of the patella tendon, defined as the distance from the lower patella pole to the superior part of the tibial tubercle, is divided by the length of the patella, defined as the greatest diagonal length measured [6]. A normal Caton-Deschamps index is defined as an index in the range > 0.6 or < 1.26. Clinically the condition presents with symptoms of decreased ROM, lach of knee flexion, patellofemoral knee pain and accelerated progression of patellofemoral osteoarthritis [3].


The Chinese Healthcare Savings Accounts(HSAs)are based on medical justice with individualistic equalitarianism.The government aims to achieve the goal of government-funded health care.This may cause the moral hazards in which the insured will depend on free or discount medical care and consequently financial unsustainability of healthcare may arise.However,According to Confucian ethics,illness and disability is not a social injustice but a misfortune for individuals,therefore the responsibility of healthcare should be shifted from the government to the family.According to Confucianism,it may be a better choice to build familial HSAs instead of individualistic HSAs so as to discourage the moral hazards.


Data transmission task scheduling is one of the important problems in satellite communication. It can be considered as a combinatorial optimisation problem among satellite data transmission demand, visible time window and ground station resource, which is a NP-complete problem. In this paper, we propose a satellite data transmission task scheduling algorithm which searches for an optimised solution based on differential evolution algorithm framework. In its progress of evolution, the individual's evaluating procedure is improved by a modified 0/1 knapsack-based method. Extensive experiments are conducted to examine the effectiveness and performance of the proposed scheduling algorithm. Experimental results show that the scheduling results generated from the algorithm satisfy scheduling constraints and are consistent with the expectation.


Abstract The jump-reach test and standing broad jump were investigated as tests of muscle power. The criterion used was the power lever. An analysis of the variance components of the two jump tests revealed that each test involved a large proportion of specific variance. Of the common factor variance muscle power appeared to be only one component. A multi-dimensional factor, jumping ability, was important to both the jump-reach test and standing broad jump. These tests appeared to have limited application as measures of muscle power.


The aim of this paper is to look at how consumption of one commodity – sugar – was transformed in Scandinavia from being a luxury to being a mass-consumed commodity. The paper also tries to look at what factors had an impact upon this transformation. The paper finds that falling relative prices, probably due to international market integration, were crucial for the transformation. The ordinary consumers in Denmark seem to have gained little from the fact that Denmark (in contrast to Sweden) was a colonial power.


Bacterial endocarditis is a serious disease that could occur after invasive dental procedures. Despite a large number of papers written about the knowledge of prevention of bacterial endocarditis among health care workers in western countries, little is known about awareness of this subject among practitioners and students in other countries. The purpose of the present study was to assess the knowledge of recommendations for prevention of bacterial endocarditis among a group of Iranian dental and medical students. A multiple choice test that included 15 questions about bacterial endocarditis and antibiotic prophylaxis was developed. The questionnaires were distributed to 136 dental and medical students who had passed a theoretical course about bacterial endocarditis successfully in the past. Success was defined as correct answers to at least 8 of the 15 questions. Of 136 students participating in this study, 34 (25%) passed the test successfully. The pass-rate of dental students (38%) was significantly higher than that of medical students (13.5%) (P The results of the present study demonstrate an important lack of knowledge regarding prevention of bacterial endocarditis among a group of Iranian dental and medical students and the need for improved education in this field.


Information retrieval systems offer consultation mechanisms mainly built on the concepts of key-words an thesaurus.
This characteristics can be explained by the lack of " a priori specifications " of the hadled information structure.
After a presentation of the system, built on the previous principle, we analyse its insuffiiencies and propose a process which permits an a posteriori structuring.
According to his needs, the administrator can partially structure the textual database, to formulte more complex queries.
The originallity of this approach lies in the fac that it assumes a cooperation between the textual database and classical factual database, wich illustrated by a prototype.


This paper dealt with the studies on genetic characters and cytology of the quardrispecific hybrid [(G. arboreum ×G. bickii)×(G. hirsutum×G. mustelinum)]. The main results were as following: leaf characters in the quardrispecific hybrid were similar to male parent, and bract and sepal showed intermediate types, but flowers were influenced by both parents and had the largest variation. The meiosis of pollen mother cell in the quardrispecific hybrid was abnormal, there were many of univalent. When chromosomes separated to two poles, many forward and backward chromosomes appeared, leading to abnormal quardrispores and multispores, so the quardrispecific hybrid F 1 was sterile.


stabilizer to open osteotomy wedge, constituted by a plate (12) and screws (2a) for connecting two parts (13, 13a) of bone (14) formed by an opening osteotomy (5), said support plate one longitudinal extent extending between a first end (15) of said plate and a second end (17) of said plate, being steps provided in said first and second ends for passing said screws therethrough for connecting said plate two bone parts said plate further comprising fixing means (25) adapted to be introduced and fixed in each of these parts in order to secure said portions in a preset configuration, to support an axial load that presses on said bone, said fixing means comprising at least one first protrusion (26) and a second protrusion (27) which are parallel and facing each other in a direction of said longitudinal and protrude at right angles from an inner face (18) of said plate inserted and fixed in said portions respectively at an upper edge (28) and a lower edge (29) of said opening extension, wherein said first and second protrusions are arranged between said passages of said first and second ends of said plate with respect to said longitudinal extension of said plate, wherein said first and second protuberances having a wedge-shaped, with respective conical walls (30, 31) facing each the other, and being affected in its central part by a recess (32) respective U-shaped, said first and second ends of said plate formed by two lobes (16) which are arranged mirror-symmetrically with respect to being one longitudinal plane of symmetry of said plate, said affected respectively by a first eye (19) and a second eye lobes (20) being di Chos steps for the passage of said screws, wherein said curved with respect to a front plane of said plate so as to form lobes in said inner face, a concavity that corresponds substantially to the anatomical curvature of the surface of the epiphysis of said bone and said second end of said plate a third eye (23) and a fourth eye (24) of said passages for the passage of said screws, whose respective axes belong to said longitudinal plane of symmetry.


In this lecture, we analyze the problem of scheduling n equal size tasks arriving online to n different machines. This could easily be solved with a centralized server that knows which machines are occupied and assigns all n tasks to unique machines. Instead, we want to see if it's possible to distribute the tasks without without such coordination among the tasks. In this problem, the metric we care about is the maximum load on any given machine. We will consider two such approaches: naive random assignment, and the "power of two choice".


Polyhedrons have been studied by mathematicians and geometers during many years, because of their symmetries. Geometricians who work in the field of polyhedra are aware of the origin of the Archimedean bodies. In geometry, polyhedra are associated into pairs called duals, where the vertices of one correspond to the faces of the other. The duals of the Archimedean solids are called the Catalan solids which are all convex and ýrregular polyhedra. The number of Catalan solids is only thirteen. There are some relations between metrics and polyhedra. For example, it has been shown that deltoidal icositetrahedron is Chinese Checker's unit sphere. In this study, we introduce two new metrics that their spheres are Triakis Icosahedron and Disdyakis Triacontahedron which are catalan solids.


ANESTHESIOLOGY AND PAIN MANAGEMENT 1. Ramsay MAE, Frakes MA, Rich JM. Sedation/analgesia for postintubation management. In Rich JM, ed. SLAM: Street Level Airway Management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc, 2008:287–292. 2. Ramsay MAE, Mason AM, Krafft P, Smith CE. Fiberscopic and videoassisted intubation. In Rich JM, ed. SLAM: Street Level Airway Management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc, 2008:189–203. 3. Rich JM, ed. SLAM: Street Level Airway Management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc, 2008. 4. Rich JM. Successful blind digital intubation with a bougie introducer in a patient with an unexpected difficult airway. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2008;21(4):397–399. 5. Sessler CN, Grap MJ, Ramsay MAE. Evaluating and monitoring analgesia and sedation in the intensive care unit. Crit Care 2008;12(Suppl 3):S2.


For a long time,stability analysis methods of surrounding rocks in tunnel are unscientific and unreasonable.It still judges the stability of tunnel by the empirical criterion of displacements of tunnel perimeter or sizes of plastic zones of surrounding rocks.Displacements of tunnel perimeter are affected by elastic modulus of surrounding rocks or shape and size of tunnel,and displacements of tunnel perimeter are different at different positions.So it is difficult to get a unified displacement criterion standard.Judging the stability of surrounding of rocks by sizes of plastic zones is superior to displacement criterion.But plastic zones are affected by Poisson′s ratio or shape and size of tunnel and size of plastic zones calculated by different softwares are different.The method is also unreliable.So the traditional empirical methods are unreasonable.The paper puts forward safety factors based on the strength reduction finite element method as the stability criterion.This criterion is based on the strict mechanical foundation,which has a universal standard and can not be affected by other factors.Taking a loess tunnel for example,the concepts of shear safety factor and tensile safety factor of a tunnel are proposed.With the reduction of c,φ or c,φ and tensile,plastic zones of rock mass keeping expanding,when the value of the nodal displacement or plastic strain has a big jump compared with that before failure,this means that loess tunnel reaches shear failure,and the reduction factor is just the shear safety factor.With the tensile reduction,loess tunnel reaches tensile failure when the first element of rock mass around loess tunnel free face fails in tension except for the bottom free face,and the reduction factor is just the tensile safety factor.


Objective To report type and early treatment experience of root avulsion of the obstetric brachial plexus palsy.Methods To summarize and observe the clinic types of root avulsion of the obstetric brachial plexus palsy, according to designing, nerve releasing, grafting and neutralization were operated for 34 cases, applied microsurgery technique on early stage.Results The 34 cases with root avulsion of the obstetric brachial plexus palsy included 7 types, accounted for 18.7% of the total cases. The treatment excellent rate was 70.6%; invalid rate was 29.4%.Conclusions There were 7 types in 34 cases of root avulsion of the obstetric brachial plexus palsy,and the types were matched completely with the Zhang Xian-zhong's classification. Early diagnosis and rational treatment were very important key for the obstetric brachial plexus palsy.


The introduction of the ether linkage into various compounds imparts physiological activity, hence the synthesis of various ether derivatives involving the phenol group seemed to be a possible route to tuberculostatic substances. The compounds reported in this work are to be tested for tuberculostatic properties by Parke, Davis and Company.


Large neural networks are impractical to deploy on mobile devices due to their heavy computational cost and slow inference. Knowledge distillation (KD) is a technique to reduce the model size while retaining performance by transferring knowledge from a large "teacher" model to a smaller "student" model. However, KD on multimodal datasets such as vision-language datasets is relatively unexplored and digesting such multimodal information is challenging since different modalities present different types of information. In this paper, we propose modality-specific distillation (MSD) to effectively transfer knowledge from a teacher on multimodal datasets. Existing KD approaches can be applied to multimodal setup, but a student doesn't have access to modality-specific predictions. Our idea aims at mimicking a teacher's modality-specific predictions by introducing an auxiliary loss term for each modality. Because each modality has different importance for predictions, we also propose weighting approaches for the auxiliary losses; a meta-learning approach to learn the optimal weights on these loss terms. In our experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our MSD and the weighting scheme and show that it achieves better performance than KD.


IEC 61970 and 61968, which are commonly referred as Common Information Model (CIM), are proposed to facilitate integration of EMS applications and information exchange between EMS systems with prop ...


One of the major problems affecting road safety conditions during the cold season in mid-latitudes is the possible presence of snow or ice on the ground. This is particularly critical in regions with mild winters such as in the Mediterranean basin where snow, especially at low altitudes, is a relatively rare phenomenon and vehicles are normally not equipped with winter tyres. Based on earlier developments in Finland and Norway during the last decade, a method to estimate surface precipitation type (snow, sleet, rainfall) that combines information from weather radar and automated surface observations is described. The method can be regarded as a three-step process. Firstly, a temperature and relative humidity analysis is derived from a network of standard surface automated stations. The analysis takes into account not only surface observations but also terrain height to estimate local vertical gradients in the interpolation process in complex orography. Secondly, an estimation of surface precipitation type is obtained through an empirical formula that provides the conditional probability of snow as a function of temperature and humidity, assuming that precipitation is present. This allows to build a two dimensional field of surface precipitation type. Thirdly, the surface precipitation type is combined with quality controlled weather radar data which provide an areal description of the spatial distribution of the precipitation field. This process is updated every six minutes, when new radar data are updated. The resulting product is presented to end-users in a customized way (GIS, specific visualization tool, etc.).


Probation during the war period is a unique probation system,which not only lacks in theoretical basis but also results in the impracticability of the law.There are many loopholes and flaws needing revision concerning the definition of probation during the law period by penal code regulation No.449.


. Here, we calculate the evolution equation of the reduced hh curvature and the Ricci scalar along the Finslerian Ricci flow. We prove that Finsler Ricci flow preserves positivity of the reduced hh -curvature on finite time. Next, it is shown that evolution of Ricci scalar is a parabolic- type equation and moreover if the initial Finsler metric is of positive flag curvature, then the flag curvature, as well as the Ricci scalar, remain positive as long as the solution exists. Finally, we present a lower bound for Ricci scalar along Ricci flow.


This paper examines some economic forecasts made in late 1930 that were intended to predict economic activity in the United States in order to shed light on several methodological issues. We document that these forecasts were extremely optimistic, predicting that the recession in the US would soon end, and that 1931 would show a recovery. These forecasts displayed egregious errors, because 1931 witnessed the largest negative growth rate for the US economy in any year in the twentieth century. A specific question is what led forecasters to make such serious and substantial empirical errors. A second more general issue involves the methodology of forecasting. The 1930 forecasts were sometimes based on explicit analogies with previous serious business cycles. Modern forecasting approaches are based on techniques that may not be recognized as analogies. Using the 1930 forecasts, we examine the implicit‐analogy content of forecasts, and what might render such implicit analogies valid or invalid. This 1930 forecast example also resonates beyond the confines of economic methodology because forecasts about the Great Depression are of continuing interest to the profession at large, and we produce a forecast series not previously available.


Introducing eight proven strategies for beating job burnout, this newly revised edition also contains expanded information on networking, growing your social support system, and personal goal setting. Coverage includes- To explain thought patterns that can cause burnout To suggest ways to deal with negative thought patterns To explain the relationship of thoughts and feelings


The phase transition and phase separation behavior occurring in mixtures containing an A–B block copolymer and an A homopolymer is discussed. With a pure block copolymer an order-disorder transition can be induced by raising the temperature, whereby the ordered lattice of segregated microdomains becomes unstable and gives way to a homogeneous liquid structure. Small amounts of a homopolymer added to a block copolymer can be accommodated in the microdomains consisting of the same type of monomeric units, up to a solubility limit that depends on the relative lengths of the homopolymer and the copolymer block and on the temperature. The order-disorder transition temperature of the block copolymer is also affected by the added homopolymer. At the other extreme of concentration, spherical micelles of block copolymer are formed when a small amount of the copolymer is added in the bulk homopolymer, and the critical micelle concentration again depends on the relative lengths of the molecules and blocks involved and on the temperature. Measurements were made with light scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering techniques to determine the phase behavior of mixtures containing a styrene-butadiene block copolymer and either a polystyrene or a polybutadiene. The resulting phase diagram exhibits a fascinating complexity. Comparison with recent theories treating these phenomena shows that a good agreement is generally obtained on a qualitative or semi-quantitative level, but a quantitative agreement is often not attained.


Within this chapter the various processes which are required to provide a radar target recognition function are brought together and build on the concepts that have been discussed earlier in the book. Key radar measurements issues, which were extensively presented earlier, are reviewed and include a discussion on target signature distortion in Section 12.2.


Polyamidoamine-phenyl aldehyde of G3.0 and G4.0 dendrimers were prepared with ethylenediamine as a center core,methyl acrylate as the branch monomer and phenyl aldehyde as the terminated functional group by the divergent method.The fluorescent property of polyamidoamine-phenyl aldehyde dendrimer was investigated.The results showed that fluorescence of different generation polyamidoamine-phenyl aldehyde dendrimers was all quenched by Fe3+ in the solution and a red shift of the fluorescent emission peak was observed also.The fluorescence of polyamidoamine-phenyl aldehyde dendrimer was increased by Zn2+ in the solution.But the fluorescence of polyamidoamine-phenyl aldehyde dendrimer decreased when the mole ratio of Zn2+/dendrimer continuously increased.


It is amazing what we waste our money on. Christmas, for example, and extended warranties. Then there are drugs: oodles of uppers, doled out by doctors keen to rid their waiting rooms of the down beat and the down trodden. I feel for these people. They go in search of succour and are sent away with a blister pack. The prescription helps - for a while. Then one day it stops helping, but is hard to give up. So now the person has two problems: the original one and a burgeoning addiction.


A case of an adenocarcinoma of ceruminous glands Jocated on the externa] auditory meatus is presented. It must be noted the discrepancy between the well-differenciated histologic appearance and the markedly aggressive clinical course.


Marta Linde Medina's target paper criticizes the widespread confidence placed in that organic form results from processes of adaptation of populations' traits to the conditions of the environment. Like Pere Alberch (1989) and others, she holds that the "logical structure of the contemporary theory of evolution" is externalist, and in its place she favors an internalist approach, philosophically compatible with views of matter as intrinsically active, as well as scientifically engaged in modeling and experimenting how developmental systems spontaneously generate the forms they display. But, what is 'active matter'? Conceptions of hylomorphism, or of the relations of form and matter in ordinary objects and in living systems have been widely discussed in philosophy and science 2. The paper maintains (as authors like Newman or Salthe, among others, have done before) that the notion of matter in the Newtonian framework is passive or inert, so it needs to be thought of as moved by external events or agents. Likewise, the Darwinian framework explains organic form as independent from the properties of matter and shaped by external pressures. Therefore, a different perspective in which matter may be conceived and modeled as active is demanded, i.e., able to pay attention to the intrinsic properties of living material systems, especially to their self-organization. Even if these days 'externalism', as it appears in the paper, has been progressively losing support in current evolutionary biology 3, the issues raised in this paper are very relevant. I will not refer here to the various narratives on the historical aspects of developmental biology used to defend her points, but will focus on the author's appeal to matter's activity in relation to the internalism vs. externalism debate (the latter hotly discussed in current philosophical literature, particularly in philosophy of mind). To show some limitations of this dichotomy, a third character is introduced to the debate: interactionism, i.e., the view that organismal traits are the result of a continuous interaction of developmental systems with


Compression testing of Ti-6Al-4V alloy has been carried out at temperatures between 303 K to 873 K. To prevent embrittlement due to atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen, the samples were given a glass coating, which also acts as a lubricant simultaneously. Dynamic Strain Aging was observed to occur in the temperature range of 600 K to 800 K. Below 600 K stresses were high. Warm working has to be done above 800 K but below 1163 K (0.6 T m where T m = 1940 K) which is the recrystallization temperature. Based on these conclusions, warm extrusion has been successfully carried out in the Materials Forming Laboratory of I.I.T., Madras, Chennai, India.


In order to extend the students' comprehensive quality,exercise their ability and social ability,accumulate social experience and work experience,this thesis puts forward "the holiday marketing" project practice teaching mode.The practice teaching mode uses winter and summer vacation time,organizes students into cooperative enterprise,through the operation of the system,quality evaluation system,security system for the smooth progress of the project teaching.The practice has proved that the "holiday marketing" project practice teaching mode is feasible,and achieved good results.


Objective With the premier of complete removal of caninoma,lymph node dissection of central group can improve the treatment effect of papillary thyroid cancer.Methods Twenty cases of papillary thyroid cancer undertook operation in our hospital during recent 5 years,of which 3 had lobectomy,15 had excision of involved lobe \ isthus and great lobectomy of the opposite side,2 had total thyroidectomy,all above patients had lymph node dissection of central group.Results All cases had uneventful recovery after operation,only 1 case complicated with temporary recurrent larygeal nerve injury,1 case with temporary hypoparathyroidism,with no cervical recurrence.Conclusion Lymph node dissection of central group have the same effect as routine cervical lymph node dissection,but less side effect,so it is a good way for the treatment of papillary thyroid cancer.


The construction of the new socialist countryside is an important assignment in Chinese modernization,and university library must be participate in it.The paper discusses the important of university library improving the new socialist countryside,and probes into new acts.


A contactless non-destructive imaging method for spatially resolved dopant concentration, [2.2] Nd, and electrical resistivity, ρ, of n- and p-type silicon wafers using lock-in carrierography images at various laser irradiation intensities is presented. Amplitude and phase information from wafer sites with known resistivity was employed to derive a calibration factor for accurate determination of the absolute carrier generation rate. A frequency-domain model based on the nonlinear nature of photocarrier radiometric signals was used to extract dopant density images. Lateral variations in the resistivity of an n-type and a p-type wafer obtained by means of this methodology were found to be in excellent agreement with those obtained with conventional 4-point probe measurements. This all-optical contactless method can be used as a non-destructive tool for doping density and electrical resistivity measurements and their images over large semiconductor areas. Nd, ρ and their variances can be measured and mapped for the photovoltaic, micro- and opto-electronic industries including on wafers with oxides or surface treated layers for which contacting electrical measurements are impossible.


Polymer waveguides embedded in a printed circuit board offer a substantial increase in the achievable bandwidth density compared with today's electrical interconnects. We present our results on the polymer waveguide technology and the building blocks that perform the optoelectronic conversion. Specific challenges in integrating optics in a printed circuit board are addressed. Data transfer measurements are presented.


There are a large number of controlledrelease technologies available for dosage form development.Typical oral solid controlled-release drug delivery systems(DDSs) embrace:matrix tablets;osmotic systems,such as the asymmetric membrane technology or swellable core technology;and multiple-unit drug delivery system as well.These DDSs are the hot spot and main trend of oral solid DDSs,and they are tightly integrated with the large-scale production.This review provides the latest advances on these research areas.


An experimental investigation was made of superconducting point contacts (SPC's), made of the hightemperature superconductor Nb3Sn, in external microwave fields. It was found that under nonequilibrium conditions these SPC's had a high degree of nonlinearity which made it possible to observe current steps corresponding to harmonics of the external radiation frequency at voltages exceeding the limiting value for these SPC's. Maximum frequency multiplication up to 4.2 × 1012 Hz was recorded for an 8.9 × 109 Hz signal and up to 5 × 1012 Hz for a 7.8 × 1010 Hz signal. Investigations were made of the subharmonic structure of the current-voltage characteristics of SPC's in external microwave fields. Mixing of the microwave radiation with the contact self-radiation was observed experimentally at gap singularities.


Objective To compare 3 methods of axial length measurement,contact A-scan,A-scan combined B-scan and IOL-Master in high myopia with cataract.Methods To analyze the data of the 23 patients(35 eyes),who were all high myopia with cataract and accepted the phacoemulsification and foldable lens implantation in our hospital from May in 2004 to Oct.in 2004.The measurement of axial length was performed in 35 eyes by contact A-scan,A-scan combined B-scan and IOL-Master,respectively.Keratometric power were measured preoperatively by IOL-Master.And IOL power calculation was carried out according to SRK/T formula in the basis of IOL-Master.Their refraction outcome were fellow-up one month after operation.Results The axial length was(29.80±1.95)mm by contact A-scan,and(29.88±1.76)mm,(29.96±1.99)mm by A-scan combined B-scan and IOL-Master,respectively.There were not significant difference between contact A-scan and A-scan combined B-scan(t=-0.143,P=0.887),and also not significant difference between contact A-scan and IOL-Master(t=-0.353,P=0.725).The mean absolute refractive error(MARE),one month after operation,within ±0.50 diopter in contact A-Scan and A-scan combined B-scan were significant difference(χ2=5.04,P0.05);in contact A-Scan and IOL-Master were not significant difference(χ2=2.95,P0.05);within ±1.00 diopter were not significant difference between contact A-scan and the two methods,respectively.Conclusions The contact A-Scan is more accurate since the patients is asked to fixate onto the light on the probe;the A-scan combined B-scan is not a good method;and IOL-Master is another better choice to measure the axial length in high myopia with cataract.


This paper qualitatively explores how runners orientate themselves to a time and a route to run in Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. The experiences of urban running enable a better understanding of the embodiments and techniques involved in physical activity participation in an urban environment. The paper draws on data from a mixed methods research project of recreational running in Sofia, offering a discussion of everyday experience, running practices and urban space. The study combines participant observation, running diaries and in-depth qualitative interviews with runners to think through the many processes involved in learning and maintaining a physical practice in an urban environment. The paper concludes by identifying the key issues and experiences of the runners and how these can be utilised to improve our knowledge of running in cities. This study draws attention to the challenges in establishing landscapes of movement for European cities.


Ni-Al alloy system exhibits particular solidication behavior due to chemical long-range order of the intermetallic compounds Ni 3 Al (L1 2 ) and NiAl (B2). Using rapid solidication
technique their slow solidication kinetics leads to the entrapment of solute atoms and/or disorder, respectively. In the present work containerless processing by applying electromagnetic levitation technique is used to analyze the aspects of dendrite growth, as observed in
solidication of undercooled Ni-Al melts. Sharp-interface modeling is used to illustrate the effect of chemical order on the solidication kinetics of intermetallic phases. Both experimental results and theoretical work denote the role of chemical order in solidication of Ni-Al
intermetallics.


This study was conducted to investigate the value of the pretreatment circulating stromal cell derived factor-1α(SDF-1α) in patients with gastric carcinoma. We measured SDF-1α serum concentrations and evaluated the relationship between serum SDF-1α and serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels and clinical factors in 107 gastric cancer patients. Serum levels of SDF-1α and VEGF levels were higher in gastric cancer patients than in controls (p < 0.001). Serum SDF-1α levels were higher in metastatic patients than non-metastatic patients (p < 0.001). SDF-1α levels were correlated with the presence of distant metastases (r = 0.528; p < 0.001) and correlated with VEGF levels (r = 0.789; p < 0.001). SDF-1α might serve as a possible marker for predicting or monitoring distant metastasis in gastric carcinoma.


The concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, progesterone, androstenedione and oestradiol were determined in the antral fluid of ovarian follicles > 1 mm in diameter as well as in ovarian venous or peripheral venous plasma, or both, from at least four different animals on each day throughout the oestrous cycle of the sheep. The individual steroid hormones in antral fluid were examined in relation to the steroid-secretion rates in ovarian venous plasma, follicle size and the hormone levels in jugular venous plasma.


To study the inhibition and shifting profiles in ADHD children,we used the shape choosing test,the day-night stroop test,the color-word stroop test and the Wisconsin card sorting test(WCST)to evaluate the capacity of inhibition and set-shifting of 23 ADHD children and 22 normal children.The results show that:1)the ADHD children spend more time(P0.05)and make more errors(P0.01) in the shape choosing test;2)in the WCST,there is a significant difference:the ADHD children make more response errors in the WCST task(P0.05)and spentd more time(P0.05);3)in the day-night stroop test,the ADHD children spend more time(P0.05)in the conflict task;4)in the color-word stroop test,the ADHD children spend more time(P0.05) in the disturbed task.The conclusion is that the obvious impaired executive functions are found in children with ADHD,involving poor inhibition and shifting.


In this paper we consider a 2D nonlinear and nonlocal model describing the dynamics of the dislocation densities. We prove the local well-posedness of strong solution in the suitable functional framework, and we show the global well-posedness for some dissipative cases by the method of nonlocal maximum principle.


Apparatus and method for integrating an actuator into turbo-machinery and operating the actuator based on process fluid associated with the turbo-machinery. The integrated actuator mechanism (204) includes an actuator casing; a balance drum (218), with labyrinth seals (214), and recovery spring (212), configured to apply force to the balance drum, in the actuator casing; an actuation bar (206) connected to the balance drum and configured to move linearly in the direction of the balance drum; and a connection mechanism connecting a diverted portion of turbo-machinery process fluid to the actuator casing for applying force, in an opposite direction of the spring force, to the balance drum. The labyrinth seals allow the diverted turbo-machinery process fluid to bleed through and return to the turbo-machinery.


This presentation outlines the process of locating secondary data for research, from research methods to how to navigate the study pages where the data can be found and downloaded.


With the continuous development of the power grid, the short-circuit current of the line is getting higher and higher. In some areas, the rated short-circuit current has been increased from 63kA to 80kA, which puts forward new requirements for the improvement of the breaking performance of the existing 550kV circuit breakers. In order to develop the arc chamber of 550kV 80kA circuit breaker and analyze the influence of different opening characteristics on the breaking performance, this article is based on the existing mathematical model of the arc breaking process of circuit breakers, and analyzes the breaking process under the two opening characteristics of 230mm and 260mm. A simulation calculation was carried out. The pressure of the arc extinguishing chamber during the breaking process is obtained, and the air flow field parameters such as the pressure, temperature and axial velocity of the arc extinguishing chamber at the current zero time are obtained. The breaking performance of the interrupter at two opening speeds is compared, which lays the foundation for the subsequent optimization design. Through analysis, it is found that in the breaking process, compared with the 230mm case, the 260mm case has a stronger breaking performance. Therefore, increasing the travel and increasing the opening speed, especially the opening speed near the current zero-crossing moment, can effectively improve the breaking performance of the circuit breaker, which provides a reference for the subsequent structural optimization design and travel characteristics matching of the interrupter.


The last decade has witnessed a remarkable resurgence of work on the theory of distributive justice. Yet this revival of interest in an ancient topic-a revival engaging philosophers, political scientists, economists, lawyers, and othershas taken place within certain key simplifying assumptions. The central preoccupation has been the design of social institutions under ideal conditions within a given society and, principally, within a given generation. Like protectionist trade barriers, the spatial boundaries around the nation-state, and the temporal boundaries around the current generations within it, have protected the fragile first stages of development. These barriers have insulated theories of justice from distracting and, in many cases, disturbing complications that would arise were the boundaries to be crossed. This initial stage now seems to have passed. The books under review are distinctive because, in one way or another, they suggest some of the complexities that arise when the boundaries just mentioned are crossed: when assumptions that have achieved currency for intranational justice are applied internationally, when assumptions that have achieved currency for intragenerational justice are applied intergenerationally, and when those that have achieved currency for the


Real‐life social processing abilities of adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) can be hard to capture in lab‐based experimental tasks. A novel measure of social cognition, the "Strange Stories Film task' (SSFt), was designed to overcome limitations of available measures in the field. Brief films were made based on the scenarios from the Strange Stories task (Happé) and designed to capture the subtle social‐cognitive difficulties observed in ASD adults. Twenty neurotypical adults were recruited to pilot the new measure. A final test set was produced and administered to a group of 20 adults with ASD and 20 matched controls, alongside established social cognition tasks and questionnaire measures of empathy, alexithymia and ASD traits. The SSFt was more effective than existing measures at differentiating the ASD group from the control group. In the ASD group, the SSFt was associated with the Strange Stories task. The SSFt is a potentially useful tool to identify social cognitive dis/abilities in ASD, with preliminary evidence of adequate convergent validity. Future research directions are discussed. Autism Res 2017. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1120–1132. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Sand ripples and dunes, as observed in the natural environment or in the industry, result from the interaction of an erodible ground with a liquid or gas flow. Their formation is usually understood as the result of a linear instability mechanism, where the competition of destabilizing fluid inertia and stabilizing gravity and particle relaxation phenomena, leads to the emergence of some most amplified bed disturbance. Accordingly, the predicted most amplified eigenmode is necessarily sinusoidal in space. However, observations of sinusoidal bedforms are scarce, even at the early stages of their growth. Most experiments rather exhibit the development of sawtooth-like patterns. Under water, these bed features grow from randomly distributed small protuberances and very soon exhibit a sharp rim. This rim most likely causes, and may be caused by, separation of the fluid stream. Aeolian ripples, although they arise from a quite different mechanism involving saltating grains, also display early coarsening, associated with flow separation and the development of sharp edges. Flow separation over dunes thus appears as a major feature, whose importance in the selection of the dune shape and size has as yet received little attention. Flow separation past an obstacle is a partially open topic in itself, which arises from a complex interaction between a (possibly turbulent) boundary layer and the outer inviscid flow. A potential flow solution was found by Helmholtz and Kirchhoff, where "free streamlines" issued from the separation points enclose a "wake" of dead fluid. A practical conformal-mapping transformation to calculate the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz flow past rounded obstacles was found by Levi-Civita (1907). However, the position of the separation point remained free. Whereas for a solid surface with a corner it came natural (what later became the Kutta-Joukovsky condition) to attach the separation streamline at the corner itself, the position of separation over a smooth surface remained undetermined. It was later observed by Brillouin (1911) and Villat (1914) that the free streamline is generally singular at the separation point, except for a distinguished position along the obstacle – today known as the Brillouin-Villat point – where the singular term vanishes and the curvature and pressure gradient remain finite.


The article summarizes the performances that the Franco government in relation to the policy of archives impelled during almost the forty years of military dictatorship. As a result of the lack of interest which showed their political people in charge and the lack of public investment towards the archivist centers during so many decades, meant that the government of the political transition and those of the later democratic stage they inherited a devastating legacy. The debate that arose in the Spanish society during the stage from the transition and the political decision to impel a government forgetfulness action of the past history entailed that many citizens had to cross a long way to find in the archives the testimonies or the documentary evidences that showed the Franco repression they had suffered. The very lucky ones found answer to their requests, but in very many other cases they did not have as much luck. If the governments of the democratic stage had bet a policy to recognize the victims of the Franco repression their rights as citizens, the search of the truth on the happened facts and the restitution of their dignity, surely they would have invested in the centers of the country's archives with more economic resources and of fundamentally personnel, with the purpose of organizing the documentary assets that are kept there and enabling the information at the service of the citizens. The archives are centers where the documentation of the public institutions is kept and are the documentary reflection of the activities that the public institutions have carried out in their action towards the citizenship, by which they keeps the documentary evidences of the people's identity, properties inherited from parents an in general, the public activities that the citizens have developed. The archives are the historical memory of the citizenship and at the same time of the guarantee their rights.


Play is a joyful activity and an inherent need for children so that children maylearn many skills in pleasure without any pressure. Trough play, children will be wellprepared for their environment and be ready on their next educational levels.Children's intelligence is not only determined by a single score based on anintelligence test which measures the verbal, linguistic, and logical mathematicalcompetence. Children also have an intelligence which is called multiple intelligences.People have more or less 8 intelligences, which are verbal linguistic, logicmathematic, visual spatial, kinesthetic, music, interpersonal, intrapersonal, andnaturalistic. The multiple intelligences should be well understood by teachers, parents,and other educators. They should not develop only verbal, linguistic, and logicalmathematical intelligences. Developing multiple intelligences during early childhoodcan be conducted through a joyful play. Multiple intelligences apply in several steps,such as instruction plan, development of instruction strategies, and development ofinstruction evaluation.Kata kunci: pembelajaran melalui bermain, kecerdasan jamak, anak usia dini


J. Hunt, D. Hill, M. Besser, R. West, S. Roncal. Outcome of patients with neurotrauma: the effect of a regionalized trauma system. ANZ J. Surg. 1995; 65: 83–6 A system of regionalized trauma care was introduced to Sydney in early 1992. This study was carried out to assess the effect of regionalization on the outcome of patients suffering from major head injury within the central Sydney area. A prospective before and after the study extending over 3 years and centred on the time of designation of the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital as a trauma centre was the methodology used. The study group consisted of all patients admitted with head injury (Glasgow Coma Score <9, admission systolic blood pressure >90 mmHg and Injury Severity Score >15) to the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital from the central Sydney area. Outcome criteria include survival rates, transfer numbers and time to definitive neurosurgical care. Fifty patients were entered during the first 18 months of the study, and 38 during the second 18 months. Fifteen in the first group required evacuation of intracranial mass lesions as did nine in the second group. The overall mortality fell from 42% to 26% (P = 0.13). During the study period, there were 77 primary retrievals and 20 required evacuation of mass lesions. The median time from injury to commencement of operation in these patients was 2 h 13 min (range 1 h 3 min–5 h 35 min). There were 11 transfers, four requiring craniotomy. The median time from injury to surgery was 7 h 24 min (range 3 h 2 min–10 h 25 min; P < 0.0 I). A trend towards a decreased mortality following regionalization, as well as a statistical difference (P < 0.01) in the time taken for primary retrieval patients to undergo craniotomy when compared to transferred patients has been shown. This evidence, in conjunction with the decrease in transferred patients post-regionalization, helps validate regionalization in the setting of major neurotrauma. W.H. Isbister, J. Prasad. Pilonidal disease. ANZ J. Surg. 1995; 65: 561–3 All patients with pilonidal disease (abscess or sinus) managed surgically ('laying open') between 1975 and 1990 in the Colorectal Service, University Department of Surgery, Wellington School of Medicine, were reviewed. A total of 323 operations (177 males and 146 females) were performed in 311 patients. Seven males and five females required two operations before satisfactory healing was achieved (recurrence rate 3.8%). Males were older than females (mean 26.4 versus 21.5 years). One patient's wound bled following surgery and required immediate repacking. There were no other wound problems. A total of 177 patients presented acutely with pilonidal abscess and 146 patients presented with pilonidal sinus. Patients with pilonidal abscess were younger than those with pilonidal sinus (male 25.8 versus 26.9 years and female 20.8 versus 23.5 years). There were proportionately more Maori patients who presented acutely. Laying open under general anaesthesia seems to be a safe and successful method for managing pilonidal disease in all but the few patients in whom multiple operations have been performed previously or in those in whom healing has failed to occur. On the basis of our initial experience of 'day case' surgery, the procedure could safely be done on an outpatient basis.


American higher education is remarkably adaptive. A "system" only in the broadest sense of the term, it has been flexible enough to absorb and adapt to broad changes that, at the time, were outside the traditional purview of mainstream colleges and universities—for example, the land grant movement, the creation of community colleges, the passage of the GI Bill, and the need to serve increasing numbers of adult students. On the threshold of the twenty-first century, American higher education faces yet another new movement, one that has been described variously as "part-time," "postbaccalaureate," or "non-degree" education. But for public policy purposes, these characterizations are too narrow; the emerging, diverse aggregation of educational activities and interests beyond the boundaries of traditional higher education are too broad to be so described. "System of users" seems more appropriate—at least for preliminary policy analysis. Disciplines Adult and Continuing Education | Education | Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research | Higher Education | Higher Education Administration This book chapter is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/gse_pubs/480


This paper describes the Attempto Tübingen Robot Soccer Team 2004. The robot platform, its sensors and actuators, and the software system running on the onboard computer are presented. The main part of the paper concentrates on our current scientific work on modelling and tracking a dynamic environment. Information about dynamic objects moving around in the environment can be useful especially in RoboCup to predict the motion of the ball, to avoid collisions, or to consider objects which cannot be detected over a short period of time. In our robot soccer team we recently implemented an efficient object and landmark detection algorithm based on images of our omnidirectional vision system. To track the detected objects, we use a tracking approach which on the one hand combines the specific advantages of Kalmanand particle filters and on the other hand uses an interacting multiple model filtering approach to model object dynamics as accurately as possible. In addition to the general tracking techniques we present our real-time approach to detect and track uncoloured objects, such as a standard soccer


When it was already too late, I realized that I had not spent enough time in conversation with Bakhtin. That is, we had had all kinds of conversations, but too many were haphazardly free-ranging and too few substantive, substantial. Which was natural, actually: there had never been any aim to have significant conversations. There had been a great deal of ordinary human relations and simple concern about the thinker's body. Toward the end especially, in his Moscow apartment, when Mikhail Mikhailovich had grown weak, he often recalled Ovid among the gypsies: As the coursing river froze And the gales of winter raged, Like downy skin they covered The saintly man so aged.


This paper aims to present a loss model and investigate the stability of a LCL-IPT system for EVs. For the experimental set-up and loss model, Silicon Carbide MOSFETs have been used as the converter switches. The zero-voltage-switch contour area of the converter over the entire operation range is presented and the optimum dc-link voltages for efficiency maximization are also shown. The stability of the system consisting of a single pickup, is investigated to highlight potential issues. Voltage-cancellation technique is utilized to control both the primary and secondary side currents.