Using pyridine and 4-bromoaniline as basic materials,a novel phosphorescent ligand 2,5-di[4'-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl]pyridine was synthesized through the Chichibabin reaction,bromosubstitution,diazotization and bromination of aminogroup,the Suzuki crossing reaction and other reactions.The structure of the target compound was confirmed by elementary analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.The ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy,and the fluorescent spectroscopy of this compound in dichloromethane solution were also studied.


The present invention relates to a nanostructured superconducting material of type REBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 , where RE=Rare Earth or yttrium, comprising two phases, a principal matrix of REBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 and a secondary phase of BaZrO 3 , CeO 2 , BaSnO 3 , BaCeO 3 , SrRuO 3 , La 1-x M x MnO 3 (M=Ca, Sr, Ba), RE 2 O 3 and/or RE 2 Cu 2 O 5 . The secondary phase is distributed at random within the matrix in such a way that it provides a high density of nanometric defects, thereby increasing the capacity for effectively anchoring the vortices.
Another subject of the invention is the procedure through which these superconducting materials are produced.


This study investigates strategies used when translating compound nouns from German to Swedish. The source text translated and used for the analysis stems from the travel book Couchsurfing im Iran. ...


Epidermal-type transglutaminase 3 (TGM3) is involved in the cross-linking of structural proteins to form the cornified envelope in the epidermis. In the present study, we detected the expression of TGM3 in the mouse embryo using RT-PCR.TGM3 mRNA is weakly presented from E11.5 to E14.5 and increases significantly from E15.5 to birth. Then we determined the spatial and temporal expression pattern of TGM3 in the skin and other organs by in situ hybridization. We found a deprivation of TGM3 in skin at E11.5, while a rich supply in periderm cells and a weak expression in basal cells from E12.5 to E14.5. From the period of E15.5 to E16.5, after keratinization in the epidermis, TGM3 was expressed in the granular and cornified layers. The electron microscopic observation of the C57BL/6J mouse limb bud skin development provided several morphological evidences for the epidermal differentiation. The above findings suggest that the expression of TGM3 plays a important role in the epidermis differentiation in embryogenesis.


Medical wastes are highly infectious and hazardous. It may carry the germs of dreadful diseases like hepatitis B and C (jaundice), and HIV/AIDS. It contains toxic chemicals and hazardous materials from several diagnostic and treatment processes. The improper disposal of Medical waste in the CMCH poses a high health risk to humans as well as the environment. This study was carried out from July 2014 to September 2014 to know the characteristics of Medical waste and present disposal system in CMCH. Categorization of medical wastes included sharps, pathological waste, pharmaceutical waste and chemical waste. Sharps were counted in number and pathological wastes were assessed in weight (kg). The most frequently discharged component of sharps was observed as ampoules and vials, which comprised about 45.08%, syringe and needles occupied about 42.20%, infusion sets with saline bags occupied about 10.71% and about 2.01% pathological waste. The bacteriological quality of discharged wastes and the soil of the disposal ground were evaluated on the basis of bacterial indicator such as E.coli count, occurrence of Salmonella spp. And Vibrio cholera which exceeded the standard level suggested by WHO for standard of soil and water. The results revealed that the present waste disposal system was unhygienic and unsafe. The knowledge level of hospital staff on the harmful impacts of improper waste disposal was also very low. The need for raising awareness, improving waste handling and disposal system, and implementing laws and regulations regarding Medical waste management are recommended.


Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises (MSME) products in the Pathuk District of Gunung Kidul Regency covering of food, crafts and tourism. The SMEs living in the villages of Pathuk, Salam, Ngoro ngoro, Terbah, Nglanggeran, Semoyo, Pengkok, Putat, Bunder, and Nglegi attended training held at the Office of the Village Cooperation Agency (BKN) Pathuk District. Some participants have products that already have a Food License for Home Industry. The market asistance using Instagram for social media material involved alumni and students from the Adisutjipto College of Information Technology Department. The results in the form of marketing and promotion using Instagram with the hashtag #pkmdepartemeninformatikastta with good criteria results of 27.8%, enough by 61.1% and less good by 11.1%


We propose a new attack model called AT-GAN that transfers generative adversarial nets (GANs) for adversarial attacks. Different from existing attacks that add small perturbations to the input images, AT-GAN tries to explore the distribution of adversarial instances so as to directly generate the adversarial examples from any random noise. In this way, the generated adversarial examples are not limited to any natual images. Also, compared with the ioneer work using GAN that do iterations of gradient descent to search for a good noise in the neighborhood of an original random noise such that the corresponding output of GAN is an adversial example, our model is a generative model that tries to learn the distribution of the adversial examples. Once AT-GAN is trained, it can generate adversarial images and the output is not limited to the input noise. Experiments show that AT-GAN is very fast and can generate plenty of adversarial instances that look more realistic to human eyes, AT-GAN yields a higher attack success rate under various adversarial training defenses for semi-whitebox as well as black-box attack settings, and AT-GAN can learn a distribution of adversarial examples that is very close to the distribution of the real data.


Jacek Kuroń was a politician, who has found his permanent place in collective memory of polish nation. He cannot be forgotten in the reflection on the transformation that took place in Poland in XX and XXI century. He was an author of his own political program. Under the influence his own reflection and observations of the changing social and political conditions, his program was evaluating, but it remained coherent in the meaning of main values The main influence on Kuroń's political program had the changing social conditions, but its base was Kuroń's ideological beliefs. Kuroń – for all his life – considered himself as a man of the left. In the system of Kuroń's ethical and humanistic values, the main was human being – living and functioning in the society. Kuroń as an author of political program considered his work not only in the categories of political visions, but he treated it as a realization of some kind of ethos. He used to treat the politic as a space of giving a testimony of values and political attitudes, connected to the term of the left, he believed in. For all his life Kuroń was looking for such concepts, that would let him to its full implication.


In recent years, governments have shifted away from traditional command and control regulation in favour of more flexible approaches built on notions of trust and co-operation between the regulator and the regulated. Such approaches recognise the limitations of traditional methods in terms of both cost and efficacy, and rather than adopting a constabulary stance, attempt to engage with industry in a constructive way utilising economic incentives and the desire of most firms to 'do the right thing' most of the time. These 'light-handed' approaches work best when public and private interests converge, the degree of risk is low, and there is scope for third party oversight. The Tasmanian Government has adopted this light-handed approach in its regulation of logging in native forests. Its Forest Practices System is built on industry cooperation where regulation is conceptualised as a partnership between government and business. This article assesses the. effectiveness of such an approach. It finds that the System has the capacity to overcome some of the hurdles to effective regulation, such as information asymmetry and industry opposition, but is limited in other respects because of a lack of transparency, the absence of third party oversight, the nature of the risk and the potential mismatch between public and private interests.


This chapter analyzes how Charles Darwin has had huge influences on religion, particularly the Christian religion, as well as the attitude of the Darwinian. One temptation, in the tradition of Lucretius, is to dismiss it all as a dreadful mistake and move on. The chapter also explains how religion plays out with respect to questions about purpose. God created humans to have what are essentially his children, to love and to cherish and in return to have them thank and adore and worship. The idea is that people should spend eternity in blissful joy with God. In many versions—the Augustinian version particularly—humans rather spoiled things through our disobedience, but God in his boundless love sacrificed his son on the cross, and once again salvation is made possible.


1. INTRODUCTION Over the past two decades, there has been a transformation in the U.S. financial sector. Alongside the deregulation of this industry, financial intermediation has shifted from a bank-centered process to one where nonbanks play an increasing role. Given these changes, questions arise about how banks have adapted and to what degree their traditional roles in financial intermediation have changed (see Cetorelli, Mandel, and Mollineaux [2012]). In this article, I provide a general perspective on this broad question by documenting how banks have evolved in terms of income. I measure the amount by which banks have changed their income-generating strategies in response to the transformation of the U.S. financial sector. Further, I describe the heterogeneity in responses across banks to recent changes in the industry. In this analysis, I focus on bank holding companies (BHCs) because, among banks, the BHC legal form of organization dominates over this period, especially for larger banks. (1) Comparing BHCs over the past two decades is difficult, however, because there has been rapid consolidation. This results in dramatic differences over time in the set of large BHCs (as measured by assets). To control for selection effects and better measure how BHCs have evolved over time, I create a sample related to the top fifty BHCs in 2006. (Section 2 describes how this sample is constructed.) For this sample of BHCs, I begin by using the standard measures of interest and noninterest income to infer the degree to which BHCs' income mix has changed. In 1994, near the beginning of the current transformation in the financial sector, these BHCs were fairly homogenous, earning the vast majority of their revenue from interest income. Over time, however, these BHCs pursued different income strategies, so that by 2006 there is a wide disparity in the relative importance of interest income. Some continue to earn the vast majority of their revenues from interest income, while for others interest income no longer accounts for most of their revenues. For this latter group, this shift in the mix of income suggests that these BHCs may have started earning income from new financial services, or at least changed the way they provide and charge for traditional banking services. To better analyze BHCs' different income strategies, I turn to detailed income data available since 2001. With these data, I categorize income sources into three groups: traditional, securitization, and nontraditional. These categories are constructed so that income earned from new financial services would fall into either the securitization or nontraditional category. The securitization category captures income related to creating, servicing, or selling securitized assets, while the nontraditional category contains, roughly speaking, sources of income related to the capital markets. Analyzing these three income categories, I find that there is a positive relationship between the relative importance of nontraditional income sources and asset size. Over the 2001-10 period, the largest BHCs earn a substantially larger share of their total income from the nontraditional category compared with their smaller peers. These results demonstrate that larger BHCs have been much more active in offering new financial services, and suggest that the transformation in the financial industry has influenced larger BHCs to a greater extent. Building on the above result, I show that large BHCs also earn substantially larger shares of their interest and noninterest income from their noncommercial bank subsidiaries. Consequently, large BHCs seem to be organizing themselves differently from their smaller peers. (2) Consistent with this result, Avraham, Selvaggi, and Vickery (2012) report that the largest BHCs are substantially more complex organizations relative to their smaller peers. Altogether, these results strongly suggest that overall changes in the financial sector have most heavily influenced the larger BHCs. …


The aim of this numerical work is to analyze the effect of the position of the swimmer's head on the hydrodynamc performances in swimming. The phenomenon is assumed to be 2D and in steady hydrodynamic state. The geometry is generated by the software CAD CATIA © and the numerical simulation is due to the use of the CFD Fluent code. The standard k-e turbulence model is used with a specific wall law. Three positions of the head were studied, for a range of Reynolds number about 10 5 . The velocity profiles in various sections are presented. The obtained numerical results have allowed us to reveal that the position of the head has a noticible effect on the hydrodynamic performances, modifying strongly the wake around the swimmer. The analysis of these results made it possible to propose an optimal position of the head of a swimmer in underwater swimming.


PURPOSE
To evaluate the role and impact of pharmacists in collaborative practice agreements (CPAs) in the United States.

METHODS
An electronic literature review was conducted on studies addressing pharmacists' involvement in CPAs. Articles included in the review were peer-reviewed studies conducted on adults and published between 2017 and 2022. Articles investigating children were excluded.

RESULTS
Of the articles identified, 8 studies met the eligibility criteria and were selected for the literature review. All of the studies were published between 2017 and 2022 in English in the United States. CPAs were already in place in 7 of the studies with variances due to different healthcare settings and patient populations. The studies evaluated the effect of pharmacist engagement in CPAs on the attainment of clinical and financial goals, satisfaction with pharmacist involvement, and existing barriers to pharmacist engagement in CPAs. Findings showed that pharmacist engagement in CPAs had a positive impact on the attainment of the desired clinical and financial goals, and providers were satisfied with pharmacist involvement. A common barrier to pharmacist involvement was the lack of reimbursement.

CONCLUSION
Pharmacists engaged in CPAs have a positive impact on healthcare, and there are opportunities for expansion of pharmacists' roles in CPAs, particularly in non-traditional settings.


Just as the courts must consider the tradeoff between the best interest of the child and parental rights in involuntary termination of parental rights, policy on international adoption must consider the tradeoffs between the best interest of the child and the long-term interests of the nation. We argue that countries that suspend international adoptions do not maximize social welfare. A consistent national policy to maximize the well-being of the children and society at large would be to devote resources today to the oversight of international adoption in accord with child protections under the Hague Convention, while at the same time developing a domestic system of care that provides for the physical and developmental needs of orphaned children in the context of permanent families.


High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis on the MeOH extract of Ligularia stenocephala leaves identified six caffeoylquinic acids, viz. 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl-mucoquinic acid, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and 3-Ocaffeoylquinic acid using standard compounds, and determined the quantity of each extract. Percentage of total caffeoylquinic acids of the MeOH extract and its BuOH fraction were calculated as and , respectively. Since the caffeoylquinic acid-rich MeOH extract exhibited a potent peroxynitrite-scavenging effect in vitro ( (mean SEM)), the experiment was designed to identify whether or not that extract has an anti-obesity effect on rat obesity induced by high fat diet. Oral administration of the MeOH extract and its BuOH fraction abundant in caffeoylquinic acid decreased the rat body weight to the level of untreated group and decreased abdominal fat pad weight. The atherogenic index and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) values were restored by treatment, indicating that the caffeoylquinic acid-rich extract probably inhibited hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress caused by high fat diet. These results suggest that L. stenocephala in vegetable form or its caffeoylquinic acid-rich fraction (BuOH fraction) as an agent can be used for treatment or prevention of obesity.


Improved methods have been devised for the isolation of (+)-conocurvone (1) from the roots of Conospermum brachyphyllum Lindl. and for its synthesis. The isolation of (R)-(+)-9-hydroxy-3-(4′-hydroxy-4′-methylpentan-1′-yl)-3,8-dimethyl-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran-7,10-dione [(+)-brachyphyllone] (2), a minor constituent of this species, its structural elucidation and partial synthesis are also described. 8-C-Methylteretifolione-B (9) and 8-C-methyl-9-O-methylteretifolione-B (10), as well as the previously isolated (+)-teretifolione-B (8), also occur in this plant.


ABSTRACT How significant of a factor is race in minority candidate evaluation? I present theory of race and minority candidate evaluation which argues that candidate race acts as an informational heuristic that affects perceptions of a candidate's ideological leaning and competence but that this effect is dependent on contextual factors, including the racial group and candidate partisanship. Using the 2010 and 2012 Cooperative Congressional Elections Study, I provide an observational look at Latino and Asian candidates in addition to black candidates for the first time, as well as minority candidates of both partisan stripes. I examine voter perceptions about candidates that might drive their vote choice, namely ideological assessments and competence assessments. I find that white voters are less likely to support Latino and black Democrats because they are viewed as less competent and more ideologically extreme. I find that Asian candidates and minority Republicans are largely unaffected by these biases.


Numerical procedures that can accomplish model reductions for space trusses were developed. Three techniques are presented that can be implemented using current capabilities within NASTRAN. The proposed techniques accomplish their model reductions numerically through use of NASTRAN structural analyses and as such are termed numerical in contrast to the previously developed analytical techniques. Numerical procedures are developed that permit reductions of large truss models containing full modeling detail of the truss and its joints. Three techniques are presented that accomplish these model reductions with various levels of structural accuracy. These numerical techniques are designated as equivalent beam, truss element reduction, and post-assembly reduction methods. These techniques are discussed in detail.


This 19th volume in the African Historical Dictionaries series is devoted to the native culture of Zambia - an essential link between the independant states of Central, East and West Africa and southern African regions.


Estimation of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) with 99MTc‐HSA equilibrium radionuclide angiography (RA) is frequently used for assessing cardiac function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interstudy repeatability of left (LV) and right (RV) ventricular volume and ejection fraction estimations, using a cadmium‐zinc‐telluride (CZT) SPECT camera.


For centuries, cities have sought to enable circulation of people, goods, and services. The advent of new technologies (the urban railway, tram, bus and the car) changed the spatial layout of cities dramatically from the historic compact walking city, facilitating the growth of modern cities. In the late 20th century, it became clear that the accompanying growth of motor vehicles can bring its own problems. Road and parking space is finite, and the allocation of space by congestion, regulation, taxation, or the provision of new capacity in larger urban areas has its limitations. In the most congested locations, drivers are not paying sufficiently for the road and parking space that they consume. As a result, there is economic inefficiency and congestion hinders mobility of people, services and goods. A few cities - notably Singapore, London, and Stockholm - have introduced successful road pricing schemes to allocate limited road space more effectively. In looking to the future, cities and central governments can draw on the experience of these cities in considering their transport policy frameworks. But policymakers may wish to go further: localized charging, whilst effective in reducing congestion levels within a central urban area, may not fit readily within a wider urban or national charging scheme with a more comprehensive set of objectives. Such wider schemes, which might include vehicle emission criteria, could potentially address a broader range of policy objectives.


Twenty-four women enrolled in a 12-week physical activity intervention based on the cognitive and behavioral processes of change (Mean age = 58.0 ± 13.4 years; Mean BMI = 35.6 ± 8.7 kg/m2; 25% African American, 54% Hispanic, and 21% White). Women were interviewed at baseline, at weeks 4, 8 and 12, and at 3 months post-intervention using a semi-structured interview format. The interview included 18 open-ended questions that ascertained the following strategies: general strategies (4 items); strategies used with specific process inquiry (11 items); and attribution to change (3 items). Stages of change was assessed using Marcus's questionnaire and physical activity behavior was assessed with the Women On The Move physical activity survey. Qualitative methods were used to code and analyze the data. Data were doubled-coded and disagreement was triangulated.


ABSTRACT In this study, a sea ice mapping model based on Random Forest (RF), a rule-based machine learning approach, has been developed for the Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite-5 (KOMPSAT-5) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data in Enhanced Wide swath mode obtained from 6 August to 9 September 2015 in the Chukchi Sea. A total of 12 texture features derived from backscattering intensity and the gray-level co-occurrence matrix were used as input variables for sea ice mapping. The RF model produced a sea ice map with a grid spacing of 125 m, demonstrating excellent performance in the classification of sea ice and open water with an overall accuracy of 99.2% and a kappa coefficient of 98.5%. Sea ice concentration (SIC) retrieved from the RF-derived sea ice maps was compared with that from ice charts. The mean and median values of the differences between the SICs derived from the RF model and the ice charts were −8.85% and −8.38%, respectively. Such difference was attributed to both the uncertainty in the ice charts and classification error of the RF model.


Higher dimensional Majorana-Weyl spacetimes present space-time dualities which are induced by the Spin(8) triality automorphisms. This corresponds to a very fundamental property of the supersymmetry in higher dimensions, i.e. that any given theory can be formulated in different signatures all interconnected by the S3 permutation group.


Paragangliomas of the temporal bone occur relatively frequently and are classified as glomus jugulare or glomus tympanicum tumors, depending on their sites of origin. Large tumors may secondarily involve the facial nerve canal by direct extension from the jugular foramen or middle ear cavity (1). Primary facial nerve paragangliomas originating within the fallopian canal, however, are quite rare, with only seven cases reported in the literature, to our knowledge (2). This unusual location is probably linked to the presence of branches of Arnold's nerve with attendant glomus bodies that ascend the facial canal via mastoid canaliculi. Diagnosis of a primary fallopian canal paraganglioma is contingent on the absence of attached jugular foramen or tympanic cavity lesions. Patients typically present with a several-month history of progressive facial nerve paresis, pulsatile tinnitus, and a red retrotympanic mass. Less commonly, patients may experience conductive hearing loss and sense of ear fullness. Surgery and facial nerve grafting offer the best chance of cure and preserved function. This 37-year-old woman had left facial weakness and an external auditory canal mass. Computed tomography demonstrated permeative expansion of the fallopian canal by a destructive soft tissue mass that breached the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity and external auditory canal (Figs. 1 and 2). The left jugular foramen and middle ear cavity were normal. As far as we are aware, she is only the second reported patient to have magnetic resonance imaging findings for this unusual tumor. Her lesion was isointense compared with brain on T1weighted and hyperintense on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images with intense, homogeneous enhancement (Fig. 3). Although not exemplified in this case, large lesions would be expected to have a "salt and pepper" appearance on unenhanced T1-weighted images, as reported in paragangliomas of other sites. Angiography revealed a densely staining retroauricular mass fed by the posterior auricular branches of the external carotid artery (Fig. 4). Differential considerations on imaging include extension into the facial canal by a glomus jugulare or glomus


In the Beaufort Sea, observations of extreme draft sea ice features have been identified from upward looking sonar (ULS) datasets spanning several years. Using analysis methods from extreme value theory, the estimated 100year return values of the maximum ice draft have been derived. In addition, the applicability of these statistical techniques to the Northeast Greenland ice regime is examined using one year of ULS data at two locations from 2008 to 2009. The methods have been developed for the Beaufort Sea region and subsequently, further refined for use in estimating extreme ice hazards off Northeast Greenland. These estimates provide inputs to the design of offshore platforms and ships in support of oil and gas activities in these ice-infested waters. Previous studies in the Canadian Beaufort Sea derived an empirical upper limit on the maximum sea ice thickness resulting from deformation processes based on the relationship of maximum ice thickness as a function of simultaneous values of undeformed ice thickness. Using the more extensive ULS ice keel data sets now available, these methods were re-evaluated and updated. Similar analyses were carried out on ice thickness measurements obtained off Northeast Greenland which reveal distinct differences in the ice regime of these two geographical areas. Improvements to extremal value statistical analysis methods for long recurrence intervals of 100 years for ice draft (D100) are based on the three parameter Weibull distribution which has been optimized for application to very large sea ice keels using a peak over threshold selection approach. These results were compared to the maximum draft limit and undeformed ice thickness relationship. We developed techniques to refine at a high resolution the lower threshold on maximum draft and examine the implications of this filtering on D100. This is an important consideration as selecting the lower maximum draft threshold is a balance between retaining enough observations to ensure statistical robustness and sampling only the extreme tail of the maximum draft distribution. Methods for performing these statistical analyses are presented.


Hyperspectral unmixing is a powerful method of the remote sensing image mining that identifies the constituent materials and estimates the corresponding fractions from the mixture. We consider the application of nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) for the mining and analysis of spectral data. In this paper, we develop two effective active set type NMF algorithms for hyperspectral unmixing. Because the factor matrices used in unmixing have sparse features, the active set strategy helps reduce the computational cost. These active set type algorithms for NMF is based on an alternating nonnegative constrained least squares (ANLS) and achieve a quadratic convergence rate under the reasonable assumptions. Finally, numerical tests demonstrate that these algorithms work well and that the function values decrease faster than those obtained with other algorithms.


in micro-organisms. These enzymes are flavoproteins, with comparatively tightly associated FAD molecules. Avian liver L-amino acid oxidases have been investigated by Boulanger & Osteux (1957) in the turkey, and Struck & Sizer (1960) in the chicken. The particulate preparation from chicken liver appeared to be a single enzyme with wide specificity. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of dietary amino acid imbalance (Lewis, 1965) on the oxidative catabolism of essential amino acids in chicken liver. L-Amino acid oxidase was detected in the microsomal fraction of liver homogenates, and acetone powders prepared from the 17 000g precipitate obtained after adjusting the microsome-supernatant fraction to pH5*0 to 5*5 with N-HCI. Measurements of enzyme activity in incubation media from pH 4-11 with L-leucine as substrate showed an optimum at pH 6*6. Maximum enzymic activity occurred at substrate concentrations from 5-13 x 10-3M with inhibition at higher concentrations. The approximate Km= x 10-3m. Measurements ofthe most active enzyme preparations showed 5-1Ox more activity/g. fresh wt. of liver than was reported by Struck & Sizer (1960). Comparison of the activities of several fresh microsomal preparations and acetone powders demonstrated that the activity ofthe L-amino acid oxidase within the microsomal preparation is in a partially inhibited state. Extracts containing inhibitor when recombined with active preparations have resulted in greater than 60% reduction in activity. A 90% acetone-soluble fraction obtained during the preparation of the acetone powder of microsomes was found to increase L-amino acid oxidase activity, up to twofold depending on the original activity ofthe enzyme preparation and the quantity of activating material added. By homogenization in the presence of deoxycholate, it was possible to separate the enzyme preparation into a relatively inactive pellet (27% or less of the original activity), and an inactive 105 OOOg supernatant. When these fractions were recombined activity was fully restored indicating the presence of a dissociable cofactor, necessary for enzymic activity. It would seem possible that the inhibition and activation demonstrated may play some role in the control of this catabolic enzyme in the avian liver.


The Dutch East India Company (VOC) was a complicated institution, being both a chartered trading joint stock company and an instrument of war in the hands of the States General, the highest executive body of the Dutch Republic, at least until 1648. The main aim of the VOC was in the first instance to bring Asian products to the European market. The VOC tried to gain control over its Asian trade at the indigenous sources of supply, or even over the production itself, if possible by peaceful means, but if necessary by force. The VOC also recognised that by participating significantly in the intra-Asian trade, enough cash flow would be generated for procuring the Asian products in demand. For this, an extensive trade network of factories and forts was needed as was a sophisticated fleet structure which would allow for the transportation of goods to and from Asia. Keywords: Asian Organisation; Dutch East India Company; European market; trade network


This Resource Is one of a series of excellent drug war journalism efforts by Alec MacGillis of the Baltimore Sun. This article reviews the history of, and debunks, the oft trumpeteed '60,000 addicts' and discusses the abuse of statistics numbers game engaged in by politicians, policy makers, and journalists.


tween organizational structure and environmental turbulence. The exercise can be adapted for class sizes between twenty and sixty. It takes between ninety minutes and two hours to complete the experiential portion of the exercise, although adequate processing will require at least a similar amount of time. Fortunately, it simulates enough involvement and energy so that little is lost if there is a time lapse between the experience and the processing. In fact, such a break may prove useful since it allows for informal discussions among the participants which builds a common data base for the formal debriefing. The exercise is appropriate to a wide variety of course material. For example, it was originally developed to supplement an undergraduate experiential organization theory class where the focus of discussion was on the &dquo;fit&dquo; between the structure of the organization and the level of complexity of the environment (Emery & Trist, 1972). It is also germane to such organization theory as the advantages and disadvantages of the formal bureaucratic model (Gerth & Mills, 1946). The exercise has been used successfully in MBA and PhD organizational change and development courses where the focus is more on flexible


A new, simple and inexpensive instrument, that proved to be useful for perfusion fixation of small laboratory animals, was devised.


Consumer behavior in the world of marketing is very necessary to judge for the success of the product. The aim of this study is to analyze the behavior of consumers towards selected ready to eat food products of selected cities in Gujarat. Total samples of 400 respondents from different 4 cities were selected for the study. Indian cooking and lifestyle has undergone tremendous changes in the last few years. Some of the factors contribute this change are Liberalization, Dual income, nuclear families, innovative kitchen applications,  changing food habits, etc. Long working hours during the weekdays and weekends that are always spent with kids, preferably outside the house gives them very little time to cook. These factors are a major cause to make ready to eat food products an essential component in the daily lives of people. Greatly changing food habits and a greater demand for readymade food products have led to the growth of food processing industries. There is a greater demand for ready-to-eat food products and the major reasons for the same are convenient usage, easy availability, less time consumed and better taste. The present investigation made an attempt to analyze the consumer response towards ready-to-eat food products in different cities of Gujarat. Majority of the respondents were aware of Parle-G, Lays, Frooti and Amul brands in case of biscuits, chips fruit juice and ice creams accordingly. Television was the major source for getting information about various brands in all the four products.


The pearl oyster which is a filter-feeder as any other bivalve mollusc, has been considered to feed
On phytoplankton including detritus. A detailed study made on the feeding of pearl oyster Pinctada
fucata collected from the pearl culture farm as well as natural beds showed the presence of bivalve eggs
and larvae along with copepods and crustacean larvae, spicules of sponges, etc. Several samples of
oysters collected at different periods of 1977 and 1978 gave the same results indicating that this is a
regular feature.


We propose a backstepping global fast terminal sliding mode control for trajectory tracking control of industrial robotic manipulators in this article. An integral of the global fast terminal sliding mode surface is firstly suggested to improve the dynamic performance and fast convergence of Sliding Mode Control (SMC) and Terminal SMC (TSMC), which also obtains a finite-time convergence. A controller is then developed from the proposed sliding surface using the backstepping control method and High-Order SMC (HOSMC) to ensure the global stability of the control system. Thanks to this proposed method, the controller provides small position and velocity control errors with less oscillation, smooth control torque, and convergence of the control errors in the short time. The stability and convergence also are guaranteed with Lyapunov theory. Finally, computer simulation verifies the effectiveness of the designed controller.


Good understanding of theoretical concepts of consolidation of financial statements is essential for correct interpretation of consolidated figures. There are seven principal concepts of consolidated accounts indicated in this paper, from proprietary concepts, through parent entity concepts to economic entity concepts. The principal criterion for the classification of indicated concepts of consolidated accounts are: extent of net assets of subsidiary added to the net assets of parent entity; extent and character of acquisition difference; presentation of noncontrolling interests; measurement of net assets of subsidiary at the date of acquisition. Current IFRS (IFRS 3, IAS 27 and IFRS 10) are based on economic entity concept. Current Czech accounting standards are based on limited economic entity concept.


This paper presents a processing methodology for direct write E-beam lithography on insulating substrates. Processes suitable for use with negative tone SAL-601-ER7 and positive tone PMMA are presented. Both are three level processes and are used for fabrication of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices with transducer electrode line space dimensions of 0.7 and 0.4 micron, respectively. The authors method involves spinning a film of a commercially available conductive polymer, known as TQV-501, as the final coating. A Leica Instruments EBMF 10.5 electron beam tool operating at an energy of 30 keV is used to perform lithography. SAW devices were patterned with these processes and then realized by metallization with aluminum via lift-off. A two level positive tone process was used consisting of a film of P(MMA-MAA) followed by a film of PMMA. This is followed by a final spin coating of TQV-501 to provide a discharge medium. The negative tone process consists of a film of SAL-601-ER7 which is followed by a film of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). A final film layer of TQV-501 is then applied. The PVA serves as both a diffusion barrier to prevent intermixing of the TQV-501 and SAL-601-ER7 during layering and later to prevent stripping the SAL-601-ER7 during the solvent strip of the TQV-501. Patterns are written in reversed tone form on negative resist to provide the proper final positive image tone suitable for lift-off. TQV-501 offers the advantage of simple application via spin coating and a soft bake and easy removal by stripping in solvent.


Cinema plays a pivotal role in the negotiation and construction of national identity, selectively appropriating history, attempting to forge a sense of commonality in a set of people by evoking a sense of a shared past and by establishing a rupture with "others." One of the means of constructing a nation is through the biopic. Great men biopics chronicle heroic deeds, sacrifice, and lofty moral virtues and either fabricate, or rediscover, and authenticate the myths of the founding fathers and celebrated men. Biopics disseminate the "myth of nationhood" by use of various narrative strategies ‐ such as a glorification of hyper-masculinity, structuring binary oppositions in terms of character and thematic concerns, "otherness," visualizing national territory, homogenizing a cultural diversity etc. These films become a part of the nationalistic discourse that reflects perceptions of what it means to be "Indian." Bollywood in general and the biopic in particular has moved away from the Mother India mythology and its feminine reading of the nation to produce a particular variant of nationalism. This paper attempts to deconstruct how the nation is simulated, and meanings, such as national pride and national idealism, are mediated to the audience in selected Indian biopics ‐ Sardar, The Legend of Bhagat Singh, Mangal Pandey: The Rising, and Bhaag Milkha Bhaag.


The paper describes a cooperative program between NASA and NASDA, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), which is an earth system science mission designed to study characteristics of the rainfall occurring over the tropics and subtropics. The salient features of the TRMM are described, with special attention given to the mission parameters, the instrument complement, the TRMM observatory, and the command and data handling subsystem. Also discussed are the TRMM requirement factors and the resulting approach to the TRMM observatory design.


Power electronics and the use of asynchronous motors have made it possible to produce the locomotive within a maximum weight of 82 tons, with two-axle bogies which are much lighter than with commutator motors, and with considerably reduced unsuspended masses. The E402 locomotive has considerably more specific power than the previous Italian State Railways locomotives, despite the redundancy of various pieces of equipment on board. The authors look at its most important characteristics with particular reference to the propulsion equipment. >


The article analyzes the concept of «relation» in psychology and in the theory of mediation. The essential aspects of understanding this phenomenon of the problem of relations between people are highlighted. The relation is shown as a subjective connec-tion between an individual and some external object, and this is manifested in his emo-tions, assessments and behavior. It is concluded that, firstly, relations exist as a system of connections, and secondly, this system is always strictly individualized, it cannot exist outside the individual, which makes it similar to the installation. Three main aspects of the relationship are shown – behavioral, emotional, and cognitive (cognitive). Methods of studying the relationship of the subject to the settlement of disputes are highlighted. The survey was conducted on the Facebook social network, as well as in the military unit of Sochi, in MBOU secondary school No. 24 of Krasnodar and MAOU secondary school No. 21 in the urban district of Balashikha, Moscow Region. In total, 350 respondents took part in the survey, including 198 teachers, 77 military, 66 doctors, and representatives of other professions. A sociometric approach to the study of group structure is presented. Attention is paid to interpersonal relations in various social groups: family, student and labor groups, relations between people of different professions, etc.


We present a method of mode analysis to search for signals with frequency evolution and limited duration in a given data stream. Our method is a natural expansion of the Fourier analysis, and we can obtain the information about frequency evolution with high frequency precision and high time resolution. Applications of this method to the analysis of inspiral and burst signals show that the signals are characterized by an index which we name 'bounce hardness'. The index corresponds to the growth rate of the signals.


Abstract Cerebrovascular physiology is modulated by anaesthetic agents and other drugs commonly used in the perioperative period, and may be substantially modified by common disease processes. The effect of any given intervention depends on baseline physiology, other interventions that are applied at the same time, and the duration for which interventions are used. In general, the intravenous anaesthetic agents tend to cause dose-related reductions in cerebral metabolism, and through flow metabolism coupling, proportionate reductions in cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume (and hence intracranial pressure). While intravenous anaesthetics can reduce cerebral activity to an isoelectric electroencephalogram, the opioids and benzodiazepines cannot achieve this. The inhalational anaesthetic agents produce similar effects to the intravenous agents at low dose levels, but at higher MAC values their intrinsic vasodilatory effects become prominent with resultant increases in cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure. Nitrous oxide is an extremely potent vasodilator, the effects of which are not reversed by hyperventilation. There is much recent interest in xenon, which may have specific neuroprotective properties. Cerebral ischaemia, subarachnoid haemorrhage and head injury all impair cerebral autoregulatory responses and may alter responses to anaesthetic agents. The article outlines a rational approach to management of cerebrovascular physiology in the perioperative period.


We obtain conditions under which a submanifold of a Poisson manifold has an induced Poisson structure, which encompass both the Poisson submanifolds of A. Weinstein (21) and the Poisson structures on the phase space of a mechanical system with kinematic constraints of Van der Schaft and Maschke (20). Generalizations of these results for submanifolds of a Jacobi manifold are briefly sketched.


We propose a simple mechanism to generate a sizeable analyzing power in high energy pp elastic scattering at large angles. Our predictions are of great interest for the experimental programme in progress at Brookhaven National Laboratory and for future experiments on elastic scattering at large angles.


The Use of Transvaginal Ultrasound in Type II Endometrial Cancer This retrospective review of 173 women diagnosed with type II endometrial cancer, which included 58 who had documented endometrial thickness measurements preoperatively, continues the controversy surrounding the use of ultrasonography in screening patients with postmenopausal bleeding. The authors reviewed patients with type II endometrial cancer using an endometrial thickness of more than 5 mm as the threshold for further evaluation. Type II cancers included endometrioid, serous, and clear cell carcinomas. They found that 72.4% of these patients had an endometrial thickness of more than 5 mm. Conversely 27.6% had an endometrium that was less than 5 mm or indistinct. Of these patients, 8.6% had no visualized uterine abnormalities. They concluded that endometrial sampling should be included in all women with postmenopausal bleeding regardless of endometrial thickness.


The interaction between two separated atoms (two-leveled) in a bath through exchanging photons is detected, an oscillating spontaneous decay with its frequency dependent on interaction-coefficient k (r) between two atoms is found, some transient processes to steady state are also presented.


This research is a quantitative research with ex post facto type. This is related to the implementation of learning during the Covid-19 pandemic in class XI of SMAN 1 Gunung Talang. The quantitative approach was chosen as the approach because the research focused on how to carry out its activities to achieve the expected goals. The population taken in this study were students who were involved in the implementation of online learning in class XI IPS 1 to IPS 5 in the July-December 2021 semester. The data collection technique used in this study was using a questionnaire. The data analysis technique that researchers will use in this study uses descriptive statistical data analysis methods. The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between learning independence and interest in learning in class XI IPS SMA 1 Gunung Talang Academic Year 2021/2022 which can be seen from the reliability test of Cronbach's Alpha, the results of the reliability test of the independent variable in learning obtained a reliability value of 0.713 then reliability the measuring tool is good, while for the learning interest variable the reliability value is 0.705, the reliability is good. Both variables have good reliability, meaning that these items are very reliable as a data collection tool in this study.


Cancer is different diseases with a common pathological feature of unlimited growth. Aim of this perspective is to update current and future individualized cancer therapy methods and results, and give new directs to improve. Present understanding and predictions of drug responses to tumor growth or metastases and anticancer drug toxicities to patients are not well-formed, but there are two ways of receiving these types of information from tumors; (i) drug sensitivity testing; (ii) the detection tumor genetic, transcription and molecular information—bioinformatics of cancer cells or patients. Individualized Cancer Therapy (ICT) has been designed to meet the requirement of selecting anticancer drugs in clinics and attracting increasing attentions in medical circle and will be irreversible trend in the future. The survival of cancer patients can be improved by many existing specific strategies of ICT, including drug sensitivity testing, cancer molecular biomarker detections, cancer biomarker-oriented therapy, anticancer drug pharmacogenetics, cancer metastasis therapy, drug combinations and cost-effective of ICT.


New methods to enhance and improve algorithm performance and data analysis are being developed at NIST for overlay measurement applications. Both experimental data and improved theoretical optical scattering models have been used for the study. We have identified error sources that arise from (i) the optical cross talk between neighboring lines on an overlay target (ii) the selection of the window size used in the auto-correlation and (iii) the portion of the intensity profile that is used in the overlay calculation (defined as a truncated profile). Further, we suggest methods to optimally minimize these error sources. We also present a relationship between tool-induced shift (TIS) and the asymmetry in the intensity profile.


The invention relates to a method and device for reducing the volume or pressure of a fluid which is driven through an opening (3, 17) by moving surfaces. According to said method, the opening (3, 17) is divided in at least two flow channels (5, 6, 14) by means of one or more flexible separation members (4). Each separation member (4) is attached at its rear end relatively to the direction of displacement of said surfaces, and its front flat-finishing end extends inside said opening (3, 17). The inventive method can be advantageously implemented during production and further transformation of strip-shaped materials (paper, cardboard strips, plastic material sheets) for bringing the strip which moves on an element (cylinder, roll, rigid guiding element, winding reel) into close contact with said element.


boars, the alterations of abdominal testes were attributed to defective proliferation and differentation of Sertoli cells and Leydig cells during the prepubertal period. Differences in the structural appearance of immature Sertoli cells between unilateral and bilateral cryptorchidism indicated that testicular degeneration initiated earlier in the bilateral disease. In the scrotal testis of the unilateral abdominal cryptorchid boars, the increase of weight and volume was related to a compensatory hypertrophy. Decreased numbers of seminiferous tubules were attributed to anomalies in Sertoli cell proliferation during the prepubertal period; moreover, abnormal spermatid maturation indicated disturbances in the Sertoli cell activity. results suggest that infertility investigation, screening with paper strips for seminal leukocytes as potential indicator of subclinical genital tract infection in asymptomatic patients is useful, when other methods for leukocyte detection in semen are not available.


Abstract : These experiments made use of pulsed carbon dioxide lasers to irradiate the flexor side skin of people's forearms. Observations were made of the occurrence rate of cutaneous erythema and the appearance times for erythema. Cutaneous erythema occurrence rates and irradiation doses present linear relationships. When doses are large, cutaneous erythema occurrence rates are high. When irradiation doses are low, erythema occurrence rates are low. MRD5O irradiation dosage was obtained as approximately 0.4J/cm2.


When BEAMS creative director, Hiroshi Kubo, decided to revisit the Coca-Cola yo-yo madness only one name came to mind for the project. Nigo is the designer for Human Made and, ironically enough, also a Junior Champion from Coca-Cola's Japanese yo-yo competition in the 80's. It seems that Nigo and the famous Tokyo boutique are a…


Background: Diabetes has been known to be a predictor for poor outcome after thrombolysis in stroke patients, and early poststroke glycaemia is known to be associated with higher rates of postthrombolytic symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhages. Therefore, diabetic stroke patients are often excluded from thrombolytic treatment. Up to now comparisons exist only from clinical trials (e.g. VISTA collaboration) and registry data of thrombolysed paients (e.g. SITS registry). No nation-wide data have been investigated for the outcomes of thrombolysis in diabetics and non-diabetics. Methods: National database of the Austrian Stroke Unit Registry, 2003-2010 , comprising 34 acute stroke units, comparison of outcome data of thrombolysed and non-thrombolysed diabetic and non-diabetic stroke. Stratification according to sex, age, stroke severity, functional impairment before stroke and recurrent stroke to non-thrombolysed diabetic strokes and to non-diabetic thrombolysed and non-thrombolysed controls. Improvement was defined as the difference between stroke severity at admission and at discharge. Results: A modelled cohort of 1,988 r-tPA thrombolysed diabetic stroke patients from 13,246 ischaemic stroke patients were compared according to sex, age, stroke severity, and prestroke disability. A regression model with improvement as depending variable and age, sex, stroke severity, aetiology of stroke, risk factors (including diabetes) and treatment (including thrombolysis) found no effect of diabetes (p=0.854) or the interaction diabetes x thrombolysis (p=0.277), whereas the effect of thrombolysis itself was highly significant (p=0.0001). No differences were found in the number of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhages after thrombolytic treatment between diabetic strokes (5.2%) and non-diabetic strokes (4.0%). Both groups had a higher risk of intracerebral haemorrhages compared to the non-thrombolysed groups (diabetic 2.9%, non-diabetic 2.6%). Conclusion: Data from this nation-wide survey show that diabetic stroke patients have a substantial benefit from thrombolysis and therefore diabetic strokes should not be excluded from thrombolysis treatment.


A three-stage 21-26-GHz medium-power amplifier fabricated in f/sub T/=120 GHz 0.2 /spl mu/m SiGe HBT technology has 19 dB small-signal gain and 15 dB gain at maximum output power. It delivers 23 dBm, 19.75% PAE at 22 GHz, and 21 dBm, 13% PAE at 24 GHz. The differential common-base topology extends the supply to BV/sub CEO/ of the transistors (1.8 V). New on-chip components, such as onchip interconnects with floating differential shields, and self-shielding four-way power combining/dividing baluns provide inter-stage coupling and single-ended I/O interfaces at the input and output. The 2.45/spl times/2.45 mm/sup 2/ MMIC was mounted as a flipchip and tested without a heatsink.


Multi-scroll chaotic attractors' synchronization technology is one of the important research achievements in recent years.This paper uses driving-response synchronization method to achieve the two 6-scroll chaotic attractors' synchronization in the four-dimensional syetem.The feasibility of this method is proved by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.


Leaching of semiconductors (GaN, GaAs, and InAs) and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in a nonvolatile tribromide ionic liquid, and the selective recovery of gallium, indium, and arsenic from this ioni...


This text explains the basis for Descartes's philosophical doubtings and offers an accessible guide to the puzzling questions he asked about human beings and their place in the world. It also gives clear accounts of Descartes's major contributions to modern science and mathematics.


Direct Torque Control (DTC) has been popular amongst researchers in last few decades. Dynamic and ripple-free control of electric drive has become possible using Space Vector Modulation (SVM) based DTC. Owing the simple structure and wide operating range, PI controllers are used to control torque and flux independently in case of SVM-DTC. But these controllers are less adaptive in situations of change in load, uncertain model or nonlinearities. This demands either for tuning of PI controllers or altogether different control algorithm. This paper presents a comparative study of three algorithms applied to SVM-DTC. 1. Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) tuned PI control algorithm 2. Variable Structure Control based Sliding Mode Control (SMC) algorithm 3. Fuzzy-Sliding Mode Control (FSMC) algorithm. These design strategies are then compared for normal as well as dynamic operating conditions and their capability to handle parameter variations, disturbance rejection is studied. Also a term Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) is used as a performance measure to present numerical comparison of the algorithms.


Recognition of Acquired Competencies RAC as it is known in Quebec, Canada or Prior Learning Assessment PLA, requires a learner to engage in retrospective thought about their learning path, their learning style and their experiential knowledge. This process of critical self-reflection and rigorous analysis by the learner of their prior learning is often the first exposure to the examination of their own knowledge. This article provides case studies of immigrant learners from the Montreal, Quebec area in a Recognition of Acquired Competencies process in vocational education. Through the analysis of interviews with learners, the authors suggest transformative learning is a by-product of the Recognition of Acquired Competencies process.


Chapter Seven offers an alternative perspective to francophone postcolonial literature and culture by examining the specific case of Quebec, the postcolonial status of which has been contested in recent years. This chapter thus contributes to the decentring of exilic literature by examining literary experiences of exile beyond metropolitan France. The chapter analyses the intersections between ageing, education, and exile in Lebanese-born writer Abla Farhoud's autofictional works. Adopting a comparative approach between the texts, I trace exile over different generations of female characters as they are depicted in Toutes celles que j'étais (2015) and Au grand soleil cachez vos filles (2017), questioning how women at different life stages, who have inevitably received differing levels of education, experience geographic and metaphorical exile as a form of estrangement. Farhoud's autofiction is yet to be examined critically given its recent publication date. This chapter, therefore, makes an important contribution to scholarship on Farhoud's writing.


This paper was prepared for a course to be given to the Maryland Judicial Institute on April 18, 2012. The flow chart format with detailed explanations will be helpful to legal professionals in analysing the problems facing them with regard to the use of hearsay, and the confrontation clause in court proceedings.


Excavation in engineering significantly changes the initial stress state of rock, which makes rock inevitably in complex unloading conditions, thus it is of great significance to make a profound investigate of the mechanical characteristics of rock under unloading condition. This paper carried out two different stress paths including conventional triaxial compression and unloading confining pressure tests on granite specimen from Sanshandao gold mine, and systematically analyzed the strength characteristics, deformation characteristics and energy evolution laws. Results show that the brittle failure characteristic of granite under unloading confining pressure are more obvious, and the peak strength, axial deformation and other parameters are smaller than those of triaxial compression test. Especially the deformation modulus decreases with the increase of unloading confining pressure, which is no longer a constant parameter in the sense of continuum. Therefore, the unloading-induced weakening coefficient of engineering rock mass is proposed, and the relationship between the coefficient and the reduction ratio of confining pressure is quantified. Then, the unloading-induced weakening algorithm is developed in FLAC3D to simulate the stability of a deep mine stope. It is found that results of the unloading-induced weakening model are much closer to the engineering practice, which has certain theoretical and practical reference significance for the stability analysis of rock mass engineering.


Introduction: Recreation of construction patterns is an important form of supporting students' cognitive development. Unfortunately, a lack of research makes it impossible to characterise the skills of contemporary children. Research Aim: To establish the current ability of pre-school children to reproduce constructions and to determine how these skills have changed in relation to research conducted 70 years earlier (Popiel, 1955–1957). Method: In order to compare the results of the research conducted, the tools were recreated and the method of the research conducted 70 years earlier was repeated. Seven finished constructions were presented to the children and the method of recreating them was recorded. The description included the method of construction and the correctness of the reconstructed construction. Results: The level of reproduction of the constructions is similar. However, modern children are better at recreating more difficult constructions. The small number of subjects limits the generalising power of the results of the study. Conclusions: The results of the study shed some light on children's constructional abilities. They indicate that the situation of recreating constructions can be used as a form of supporting children's mental development. The differences in the results of the studies indicate that caution should be exercised in citing research findings on the construction skills of children living many years earlier. Research is needed to explore these issues in more depth.


LiV2O4 is a mixed-valent spinel oxide and one of a few transition-metal compounds to host a heavy fermion phase at low temperatures. Although numerous experimental studies have attempted to elucidate how its 3 d electrons undergo giant mass renormalization, spectroscopic probes that may provide crucial hints, such as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), remain to be applied. A prerequisite is atomically flat and pristine surfaces, which, in the case of LiV2O4, are difficult to obtain by the cleavage of small, three-dimensional crystals. We report the epitaxial growth of LiV2O4 thin films with bulklike properties on SrTiO3(111) via pulsed laser deposition and stable STM imaging of the LiV2O4(111) surface. The as-grown films were transferred ex situ to a room-temperature STM, where subsequent annealing with optional sputtering in ultrahigh vacuum enabled compact islands with smooth surfaces and a hexagonal 1 × 1 atomic lattice to be resolved. Our STM measurements provide insights into the growth mechanisms of LiV2O4 on SrTiO3(111) as well as demonstrate the feasibility of performing surface-sensitive measurements of this heavy fermion compound.


To assess the feasibility of retrieval of intact human fetal hearts after first trimester surgical termination of pregnancy (TOP) and subsequent anatomical assessment by postmortem micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT).


Abstract In pile irradiated type-I fused silica, strong photoluminescence (PL) was observed at ∼4.4 eV. The PL band was successfully decomposed into two Gaussian spectra due to the pile-induced B2 α band at 4.46 eV and due to the intrinsic B2 β band at 4.42 eV, respectively. In addition, strong optical absorption (OA) was observed above ∼4 eV in these samples. The OA band was also decomposed into six Gaussian OA bands at 6.5, 5.85, 5.53, 5.17, 5.06, and 4.86 eV. Besides, the PL band at 1.9 eV due to the NBOHC was observed. The above results indicated that pile irradiation induced the B2 α band by recoiling an oxygen atom, and the NBOHC and the E′ center by the fission of the Si—O—Si bond.


The outcome of the literary criticism is closely related to the thinking practice which has formed in a fixed social and cultural environment.In the case of the criticism on Chinese ancient literature,the social and cultural environment played a basic and guiding role,which was a key link to study the ancient literary theory.To study the outstanding characteristics of the thinking practice,we should start from the analytical research on the thinking practice of the ancient people when they received the literary works,grasp their basic train of thought and deal with the advantages and disadvantage scientifically,only by inheriting the advantages,can the literary theory system of both nationality and times be established.


Based on the research of functional classification and setting of the bus station in domestic and foreign cities,with actual situation and needs of urban public transport development of Chongqing,from the perspective of highlighting the service targets,this paper analyzes the bus station function classification and setting standards of Chongqing,which may make a certain reference value to the other cities.


Previous studies have shown that 80–90 per cent of cases of atypical hyperplasia of the endometrium do not progress to cancer. Criteria to predict the outcome in an individual patient with hyperplasia are lacking, and hysterectomy is the usual (over)treatment in order to avoid a 10–20 per cent chance of confrontation with cancer later on in the course of the disease. A recent study has shown that using a nuclear morphometric classification rule, 15 per cent of patients without progression can be accurately separated from patients with progression. However, as it is unlikely that nuclear morphometrical features are the only morphological factors reflecting the outcome of the disease, other quantitative parameters describing the architecture of the glands have also been studied for their potential value in selecting patients who will progress to cancer. In total, 10 nuclear features and 12 glandular architectural features were studied in 39 cases of atypical endometrial hyperplasia. Among these cases, seven (18 per cent) progressed to cancer.


The investigation of velocity and temperature boundary layer near wall in cylinder is very important for understanding the convection heat transfer and the exhaust emission of engine.The present paper analyzed the form process of the velocity and temperature boundary layer near wall in cylinder.Velocity and temperature wall function is derived.Velocity and temperature profile,boundary layer thickness are studied.The prediction results are found to be in conformance compared with the measurement results in a motored engine.The present work shows that the boundary layer may be formed near head wall in cylinder.The thickness of velocity boundary layer equals approximately the thickness of temperature one.Both are about 2 mm~4 mm.


Computing and Artificial Intelligent technology has changed the ecosystem of advertising industry and social economy. Observations on social changes can help enterprises and advertisers better adapting to this pervasive computing age. This study aims to examine the lifestyles of the new urban middle class in emerging market and their attitudes towards advertising. We carried out an investigation in four Tier-1 cities in China and identified six comprehensive lifestyle factors: trendy and success-driven, "Western is best," petty bourgeoisie lifestyle, money conscious, lifestyle of health and sustainability, and pragmatic struggling lifestyle; and further segmented new urban middle-class consumers into four groups: experiencers, strivers, trendy achievers, and pragmatists. The attitudes of four lifestyle segments towards advertising have been examined. The study provides precise user portraits of the growing middle-class consumers and intra-class differences in the emerging market.


A discussion of the continuum approximation is followed by the definition of deformation as a transformation involving changes in separation between points within a continuum. This leads to the mathematical definition of the deformation tensor. The introduction of the displacement vector and its gradient leads to the definition of the strain tensor. The linear elastic strain tensor involves an approximation in which gradients of the displacement vector are assumed to be small. The deformation tensor can be written as the sum of syymetric and antisymmetric parts, the former being the strain tensor. Normal and shear strains are distinguished. Problems set 1 introduces the strain ellipsoid, the invariance of the trace of the strain tensor, proof that the strain tensor satisfies the transformation law of second rank tensors and a general expression for the change in separation of points within a continuum subjected to a homogeneous strain.


When focusing an Nd glass laser (frequency ωo) onto a cryogenic target (D2 or H2) quite intense lines with frequencies 2ωo, 3ω0/2, ω0/2 are found in the reflected light in both backward and 45° directions. The lines at 2ω0 and 3ω0/2 are broadened on the low frequency side only. The occurrence and broadening of such lines may be related to parametric excitation of waves.


In this study, the effects of production system and slaughter season on ratio of ω-6:ω-3 fatty acids (FA) and ratio of poly-unsaturated FA to saturated FA (P:S) of meat in indigenous Lori cattle were investigated. In total, 20 Lori bulls (12-15 month) were fed either with 100% forage based diet (rural) or with 60% forage and 40% concentrate (semi-industrial) were slaughtered either during spring or during fall season. Meat samples (100 g) were dissected from longissimus dorsi muscle between rib12 th and 13 th and were homogenate either without fat (lean meat) or with subcutaneous fat (fat meat). Meat fat was extracted and methylated in one-step method and FA profile was determined. Spring meat compared to fall meat had higher oleic acid (8.1 vs. 5.9%) and less linoleic acid (33.4 vs. 37.8%). Neither production system nor slaughter season showed any significant effects on P:S ratio. Lean meat had higher P:S ratio than fat meat (0.4 vs. 0.1). Ratio of ω-6:ω-3 in lean meat was lower than that in fat meat (6.2 vs. 7.9). Rural meat had lower ratio of ω-6:ω-3 than semiindustrial (5.2 vs. 8.9). In conclusion, lean meat of Lori cattle had healthy P:S ratio (0.4). Rural meat had lower ratio of ω-6:ω-3 than semiindustrial meat presumably due to higher forage intake in rural production system. Thus Lori beef meat produced in rural system proposes healthier meat for consumers in respect to ω-6:ω-3 ratio.


The present paper deals with the studies on the contents of periodic nutrient compo- nents for Hazel grouse (Tetrastes bonasia amurensis) yearly by using food-chemistry analysis technique. The results showed: It showed the highest contents in May in crude protein and crude fat in food nutrient (20. 46%. 14. 65 % ). In september the crude fiber took the first place of contents of food (41.44%). None of difference was found in the contents of crude ash and nitrogen-free extracts in monthly examination. On May. the mineral contents of P. Ca. K. Mg. Fe .showed the highest (0. 48% . 1.53% 。40. 25ppm. 0. 88ppm. 2.05ppm respectively). In May the contents of vitamin A. E. B1. B2. .B6 (69. 5mg/kg, 98. 2mg/kg, 2. 4mg/kg, 7. 2mg/kg and 3.7mg/kg) took the first place also. The contents of the general saccharide and carbohydrate changed: regularly. The contents of amino acid in the food. showed the highest: (10. 726% ) in May during breeding period off the bird,


In order to explore the effect of Al2O3 content on the ion-exchange strengthened performance in glass,several pieces of glass with different Al2O3 contents were processed in KNO3 molten salt for ionexchanging.Glass hardness,compressive strength and surface compressive stress were measured via microhardness tester,pressure testing machine and surface stress meter before and after the exchange,respectively.Element content changes on the glass surface before and after the exchange were analyzed by XPS.And EDS was also used to test the concentration of K+,Na+longitudinal distribution before and after the exchange.Research shows that under the condition of nearly equal Na2O content(13~14wt%)and same exchanged condition,Al2O3 content is the main factor which influences the ion exchange.The ion-exchanged depth,surface compression stress and strengthening performance all increase as the Al2O3 content increases within 0.2~13.1wt%.


Rodent models of sepsis differ from clinical human disease in that humans make substantially less whole‐body nitric oxide and have different cellular responses to endotoxin. Sheep, when exposed to endotoxin, behave in a manner more similar to humans. Many studies of rodent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exposed to endotoxin demonstrate increased cationic amino acid transporter function (particularly through the y+ transporter) to supply arginine substrate to upregulated nitric oxide synthase. Whether this is true in sheep is not known. We have studied cationic amino acid transport in sheep PBMCs stimulated with endotoxin, using labelled lysine. PBMCs stimulated both in vitro and in vivo show an initial reduction in total and y+ lysine transport (after 1‐2 h exposure to endotoxin): a previously undescribed effect of endotoxin. In in vitro activated cells, the reduction in y+ transport was prevented by the lipoxygenase inhibitor, nordihydroguaretic acid (NDGA), and the phospholipase inhibitor 4‐bromophenacyl bromide (4‐BPAB), but not cyclohexamide or a number of other inhibitors of intracellular second‐messenger pathways. In contrast after 14 h incubation, the expected increase in total and y+ lysine transport was seen. The increase in y+ transport could be prevented by cyclohexamide, dexamethasone, ibuprofen, the protein kinase C inhibitor sphingosine, NDGA and 4‐BPAB. These results suggest that in response to endotoxin exposure there is an initial decrease in y+ activity mediated by a lipoxygenase product, followed by a substantial increase in y+ activity mediated by the products of either cyclo‐oxygenase or lipoxygenase. Cyclo‐oxygenase and/or lipoxygenase inhibition might be useful in reducing arginine transport, and hence nitric oxide production, in these cells.


. In this paper, we introduce a class k − UCV ( λ, γ, β, δ ) of analytic univalent functions with negative coefficients. This class is based on an integral operator Q βδ of the function f ( z ). We obtain some neighbourhoods results. Partial sums h m ( z ) of the functions f ( z ) in this class are considered. Also we study coefficient bounds, extreme points and radius of close-to-convexity, starlikeness and convexity of this class.


Enter the 21st century,according to the strategy concept of alongshore,some countries are strengthening the study of posted layers of various submersible shelles.This paper states the geometric shape design and principle of rigid traveling wave pasted layer for reducing noise and drag.


In a previous paper, the theory of polylefin stabilization and the major factors contributing to degradation were discussed. This paper reviews the methods of test employed to date, the characteristics of a good stabilization system, and the experimental work we propose to use to study the problem. The characteristics of a stabilizer which are reviewed are: color, melt temperature, solubility, resistance to extraction, migration, phase state, structural arrangement, energy considerations, and thermodynamic potential. The methods of test reviewed include: pedestal testing, oven aging, oxygen uptake, testing under stress, melt flow testing, thermal analysis by DSC, thermal analysis by TGA, color change, torque rheometry, and aged elongation. Our approach will be to quantify the effects of antioxidant, metal deactivator, and blowing agent on stability by doing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); to study fracture surfaces with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study diffusion rate of the stabilizer and reaction rate of the degradation process; and to use dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) to measure the change in loss modulus with aging.


In November 1996, one of Africa's cruelest insurgent leaders, Foday Sankoh, conceded defeat and agreed to sign a peace treaty with the Government of Sierra Leone to halt that country's then-seven y...


United Nations, all one hundred and forty nine of them, met for five weeks solely to seek a common front on disarmament. They found it, in an anguished but hopeful final document reached by the incredible process of consensus. Starting with an Introduction and Declaration, the one hundred and twenty nine paragraph Document goes on to a Programme of Action and the machinery required to effect worldwide disarmament. As a statement of the


Understanding the nature of time remains a key unsolved problem in science. Newton in the Principia asserted an absolute universal time that {\it `flows equably'}. Hamilton then proposed a mathematical unification of space and time within the framework of the quaternions that ultimately lead to the famous Minkowski formulation in 1908 using four-vectors. The Minkowski framework is found to provide a versatile formalism for describing the relationship between space and time in accordance with relativistic principles, but nevertheless fails to provide deeper insights into the physical origin of time and its properties. In this paper we begin with a recognition of the fundamental role played by three-dimensional space in physics that we model using the Clifford algebra multivector. From this geometrical foundation we are then able to identify a plausible origin for our concept of time. This geometrical perspective also allows us to make a key topological distinction between time and space, with time being a point-like quantity. The multivector then allows a generalized unification of time and space within a Minkowski-like description.


This bibliometric survey concerns articles published in the Marketing Academic Division of the EnANPADs with the word service(s) in the title from 2005 to 2010. The research selected 51 articles with the following characteristics: number of authors per article, their respective institutions of affiliation, the frequency of attendance to the events, the methodological approaches, the means and ends of the researches and the data collection tools used. Data were tabulated and processed with descriptive statistics, and results showed that services are a relevant theme in Marketing research, either with a central or peripheral position. In the conclusions, five alerts were thrown, including the imbalance of research between private and public institutions and the geographic concentration of the participating institutions. Future studies are suggested.


Information on the potential health effects of a developing oil shale industry can be derived from two major sources: (1) the historical experience in foreign countries that have had major industries; and (2) the health effects research that has been conducted in the US in recent years. The information presented here is divided into two major sections: one dealing with the experience in foreign countries and the second dealing with the more recent work associated with current oil shale development in the US. As a result of the study, several observations can be made: (1) most of the current and historical data from foreign countries relate to occupational hazards rather than to impacts on regional populations; (2) neither the historical evidence from other countries nor the results of current research have shown pulmonary neoplasia to be a major concern, however, certain types of exposure, particularly such mixed source exposures as dust/diesel or dust/organic-vapor have not been adequately studied and the lung cancer question is not closed; (3) the industry should be alert to the incidence of skin disease in the industrial setting, however, automated techniques, modern industrial hygiene practices and realistic personal hygiene should greatly reduce the hazards associated withmore » skin contact; and (4) the entire question of regional water contamination and any resultant health hazard has not been adequately addressed. The industrial practice of hydrotreating the crude shale oil will diminish the carcinogenic hazard of the product, however, the quantitative reduction of biological activity is dependent on the degree of hydrotreatment. Both Soviet and American experimentalists have demonstrated a correlation betweed carcinogenicity/toxicity and retorting temperature; the higher temperatures producing the more carcinogenic or toxic products.« less


Involved in the characteristic of fusing welding,rapid prototyping is adopted to rapidly manufacture the functional smart metallic product.Based on the methods and techniques of data process for STL model,aimed at Welding,one multi –parameter,coupling strongly complicated process,one procedure "Shaping-Repair-Slicing-Compensation-Planning-Machining"is put forward in this paper And in details preprocess on data is analyzed.


Rotigonalia regina sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on a male specimen from Pasco, Peru. The holotype of R. regina is rather large in comparison with other specimens of the genus, but the inflated clypeus and the shape of the paraphyses support its inclusion in Rotigonalia Young, 1977. A key to males of the five known species of Rotigonalia is given.


Droplets had a significant advantage that each droplet could be regarded as an individual chemical reactor. However, the microchip for droplets generation was very difficult to design. Numerical simulation was done in order to provide a theoretical basis for microchip design. This paper described a three-dimensional numerical simulation on droplets behavior in a microfluidic T-shaped based on volume-of-fluid (VOF) model. The wetting property, the velocity and viscosity of continuous phase, the surface tension between two phases and the size of microchannel had been analyzed, which impacted the droplets' behavior. Droplets can be generated when the contact angle was set from 0 degree to 90 degrees. With the velocity and viscosity of continuous phase increasing, droplets diameter would decrease gradually. The diameter of droplets increased according to the improvement of the surface tension between two phases. The droplets diameter was found to exhibit a linear dependence on the microchannel size. This work would contribute to the design of droplet microchips for better biochemical analysis, pharmaceuticals and so on.


In this paper, we take a fundamental approach to investigate the effect of spanwise flow on the prolonged attachment of leading edge vortex (LEV) on a flapping wing. By imposing a constant acceleration-constant velocity flow on elliptic wings of various sweep angles and angles of attack, our experimental and numerical results show that while spanwise flow per se has negligible influence on the prolong attachment of the LEV, vortex stretching can significantly delay detachment of the LEV, even for a small spanwise flow.


Opinion mining is used as scrutiny of public opinions. The growth of social network has put onward the views of the general public on a larger scale and in an open manner. The comments, views and opinions act as deciding factors whether these are positive opinion or negative opinion. Guessing about the opinions' polarity is not a good idea, so, an intelligent system need to be introduced to categorize the views. Sentiment analysis thus emerged as a highlighted area in data mining. The opinions are judged on the basis of unsupervised and supervised learning. Supervised learning has unwavering to be superior to unsupervised mode of view verdict. The proposed paper has given a comparative study of naïve bayes and SVM on the opinions of the reviewers of the stock market. No system has been created for sentiment analysis in the share market. Thus, new field is chosen and worked upon and its result can helps the user to take better decisions in the field of stock market.


The 7S globulin was purified by GFC from the red kidney bean (phaseolus vulgaris.L) protein isolate, and the effect of environment factors, namely NaCl and urea, on its thermal properties were studied by DSC analysis.SDS-PAGE analysis indicated phaseolus protein, devoid of inter-molecule disulfide bonds, represents typical subunits of a vicilin-like storage protein.7S globulin showed a typical endothermic peak at neural pH value, with Td and ΔH values being of 92.27 ℃ and 7.128 J/g, respectively.The Td values of the 7S globulin were progressively increased with increasing NaCl concentration.And both the Td and H values of the 7S globulin were progressively decreased with increasing the urea concentration due to its destabilizing effect on hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions.


The earth crustal growth since its formation still need in depth research is the conclusion of the three International Conferences on Precambrian Continental Growth and Tectonism, in 2005, 2009 and 2013, organised at the Institute of Earth Sciences of Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India and its proceedings have valuable source for advance research published the great ideas and achievements from scientists (Chandra et al. 2007; Singh and Chandra, 2011 and Singh et al., 2015). Therefore, this thematic issue planned for consider of crustal growth and tectonic evolution of Indian shield which include 7 research articles on geodynamic evolution of earth, geomorphology, structural, petrologic, isotopic, tectonic, and geochemistry investigations related to the Indian shield and its economic importance (Figure 1).


The problem of generating local mesh refinements when solving time dependent partial differential equations was examined. The problem of creating an appropriate grid, given a mesh function h defined over the spatial domain is discussed. A data structure which permits efficient use of the resulting grid is described. A good choice for h is an estimate of the local truncation error, and several ways to estimate it are discussed. The efficiency and implementation problems of these error estimates were compared.


The study was conducted in a heavily infested (ca 40 grubs/0.1 m2) golf course fairway in Lexington, Kentucky, with a mixed population of C. immaculata and C. borealis. Thatch accumulation was 1.25-1.60 cm, and temperature at the time of treatment (Aug 1) was 30.6°C, with sunny skies and wind velocity ca 15 km/h. Egg hatch was estimated at greater than 90%, and all grubs were 1st or 2nd instars. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 6 replications. Individual plots were 1.8 x 2.5 m, with a 0.31 m boundary between all plots. Granular materials were] mixed with sand and hand shaken over the pots. Liquid formulations were mixed with water at the proper rates and applied with an Amchem Meter Miser sprayer calibrated to deliver 6 gal per 5,000 sq ft. After treatments were applied, the entire site was irrigated with 1.5 cm of water using the golf course sprinkler system. Grub populations were sampled at 1 and 3 weeks post-treatment by taking five 20 cm diameter by 7.5 cm deep turf plugs from each plot. Grub counts were transformed to X + 1 prior to analysis of variance, and the means re-transformed for presentation in the table.


The FUEL ASSEMBLY INCLUDES AREAS COVER AXIALE TOP 5 SPACED REGIONS OF FUEL 12 BY A PARTY OF THE HOUSE OF 8 FISSION GAS. BARS OF THIS FUEL ASSEMBLY ARE ARRANGED IN TWO AREAS IN WHICH THE LENGTH AXIAL SPACE OF REGIONS ARE DIFFERENT TO CONSTITUTE A WAY RELEASE OF PROCESSED MATERIALS FOR BREACH OF THE HEART.


For mobile robot behavior such as navigation and map building, the estimation of own position is very important. Odometry is often utilized for the position estimation by accumulating the amount of wheel rotations. In outdoor environment, the estimated position by odometry has not only the cumulative error but also occasional error by traveling over a small obstacle or a bump under the wheel. In this paper, we propose accurate and robust dead reckoning system by fusion and filtering with odometry and gyroscope. The proposed dead reckoning algorithm can reduce the ill-effect of road surface, estimate the bias drift of gyroscope and warn a failure of sensor. It would work very well in outdoor as well as indoor environment.


Vegetables are important sources of vitamins and minerals in our daily life.Nitrate accumulated during vegetable growth might be reduced into nitrite during its storage and processing.And this might lead to food safety problem.So it is desired to supervise nitrate content in vegetables to insure their safety.In our study we studied the chemical analysis method of nitrate because nitrate could react with phenol in concentrated H2SO4 to form a yellow compound.We employed standard nitrate solutions to react with phenol and determined their absorbances in spectrophotometer.The standard curve obtained thus could be used in determination of nitrate for vegetables.After optimizing the pretreatment and reaction conditions,the interferences of nitrite,polyphenols and pigment existed in samples were all eliminated.The analysis method didn′t need transforming nitrate into nitrite as ordinary method.It was simple,rapid and trusty with good sensitivity and precision.


Dense bodies were formed by cold compaction of Portland cement, with and without silica fume additions, followed by autoclaving at temperatures up to 240°C. Samples were analyzed to determine crystalline phases and pore structures in the cementitious matrix, and their electrical properties (resistivity and complex permittivity) measured. The adsorption of moisture was monitored as a function of relative humidity and correlated to changes in electrical properties. These changes can be explained in terms of the formation of conducting paths as water is adsorbed into the connected pore system.


am a pathologist engaged in the study of human illI ness. I have learned that the discipline of pathology is focused on recognizing and understanding the fundamental cellular changes leading to disease. In the past, the prime goal of pathologists was to render an accurate diagnosis. Despite the expanding use of cytochemistry, electron microscopy, and fluorescent technology in the 1970s and 1980s, limitations remained in our ability to characterize many lesions precisely. The term "undifferentiated malignant neoplasm" was commonly used in many surgical pathology laboratories throughout the world until only recently. The ability of pathologists to predict the outcome for patients with different malignancies was also limited. Thus, the surgical pathologist's role was largely confined to revising a tissue diagnosis, rather than acting as an integral member of the medical management team. Many pathologists rarely left their offices, and their tools consisted of a light microscope and a few reference books. In recent years, significant changes have occurred. Advances in technology, computer science, and radiologic imaging, and the development of monoclonal antibodies and molecular genetic testing have revolutionized both the practice of medicine and the role of pathologists. Public and governmental interest in medical cost containment and the enthusiasm of creative pathologists have provided unique opportunities. Now the pathologist needs to function effectively as a clinician, as a diagnostician, and as a scientist, participating more actively in the process of patient care. The impact of the changing role of pathologists has been


For remote sensing image analysis, it is necessary to use spatial information surrounding pixels, in addition to spectral information of them. Several works have been done in this field. On the other hand, autonomous agents, a newly explored area of research in image processing, can operate directly in the two-dimensional lattice of a digital image and provide an attractive abstraction to encapsulate local and intelligent processing. Our purpose is to study the potential of agents to be applied in processing of remote sensing imagery. Therefore, in this paper, we present an agent based approach for forest fire detection. It utilizes the tests used in MODIS version 4 contextual fire detection algorithm to determine agent behavioral responses. To do so, a collection of distributed autonomous agents will operate at the individual pixels of the image divided into 10×10 pixel blocks. Performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with MODIS version 4 contextual fire detection algorithm and ground-based measurements. The results show good agreement between the algorithms and field data.


Objective To investigate microvessel density(MVD) and expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),and explore their correlations to mechanism of benign biliary scar.Methods 14 cases of biliary scars of patients with the benign biliary stricture and 10 cases of normal biliary tissues were collected.The microstructure of tissues in both groups was studied with light microscopy under HE staining.Intensity of expression,location of VEGF were studied with immunohistochemical EliVision TM staining in the benign biliary scars.The expression of VEGF and MVD were detected by semiquantitative analysis and image analysis system.Results Light microscopy showed that collageous fiber was arranged in a dense and disorderly way in the biliary scar tissues.The positive rate of VEGF was 40% in 10 normal biliary tissues and 92.9% in 14 biliary scar tissues.The expression of VEGF in the benign biliary scar group was significantly higher than that in the normal biliary group by means of statistical analysis(P0.05).The positive unit of VEGF,average grey level,MVD were(15.46±2.89),(152.71±3.84),(11.68±3.49)in normal biliary tissues and(25.32±3.07),(140.53± 5.35),(20.99±4.05) in benign biliary scar tissues.There were statistically significant difference in aspects of expressions of VEGF value in two groups(P 0.01).Conclusion The morphologic characters of the benign biliary stricture include the lasting existence of chronic inflammation,overdisposition of collageous fiber.The expressions of VEGF is both up-regulated and new vessels increase.VEGF may play an important role in the development of biliary scars.


Promoting public transport use is one of the entry points towards sustainable urban transport, on the condition that the public transport system is planned and developed in a sustainable manner. This study develops a conceptual framework, based on a critical review of transit policy elements, to ensure sustainable urban transit projects. The framework is applied to review the progress of bus improvement initiatives in Indonesia, by looking at four cities as case studies. The analysis suggests that the integration of transit policy instruments (physical and "soft" measures) and regulatory reform to create a cost-effective transit industry is essential in gaining larger benefits from urban transit projects.


A recombinant vector pCdesD was constructed by ligation of a fatty acid desaturase gene,desD,isolated from Cyanobacterium strain PCC6803 into the pCAMBIA1301 for rice transformation to increase its cold resistance.The desD gene was transformed into a Chinese cultivar Zhonghua11 and a Korea cultivar Pyongyang21 by Agrobacterium-mediated rice callus transformation system,and many transgenic rice plants were obtained successfully.The results of the PCR and Southern blotting analyse from transgenic rice plants had shown that the target gene was integrated into transgenic rice genome,and the transgenic rice plants with a copy of exotic gene were segregated into positive and negative individuals as the ratio of 3∶1 in the T1 generation.Northern blotting analysis illustrated further that exotic desD expressed normally at the level of RNA.Compared with the non-transgenic control,the transgenic rice plants increased the content of desaturated fatty acids,improved the photosynthesis,and exhibited better chilling tolerance under low temperature treatment.It is the first report that rice was successfully transformed by fatty acid desaturase gene desD derived from Cyanobacterium strain PCC6803 and improved remarkably its cold-resistance ability.


Abstract Positioned within the discipline of sociocultural linguistics, this study redefines the concept of code-switching (CS) by focusing on switches to L2 within one's mainstream speech in L1-a phenomenon called reverse code-switching (RCS). It further studies the role that age, educational background, second language proficiency (SLP), and familiarity with second language culture (FSLC) factors play on these perceptions. Applying a mixed-method approach, a researcher-made instrument was validated through Rasch modeling and exploratory factorial analyses, and the results were computed through a multivariate regression. The older and less educated the audiences, the more they labeled RCS as a symbolic resource. The younger generation and the more educated considered it more as a metaphorical switch. Socially negative attitudes were negatively correlated with SLP, but statistically unaffected by FSLC. The study concludes with a discussion of the results and a body of implications for future research.