Besides the main products, 17α-ethyl-17β-methyl-18-nor-5β-androst-13-en-3α-ol (7a), 17α-methyl-D-homo-5β-androstane-3α, 17aβ-diol (8), and 17α-methyl-17aβ-chloro-D-homo-5β-androstan-3α-ol (9), other minor degradation products of pregnanediol 3, 20-disulfate (2) were obtained under reflux in 3 N hydrochloric acid, and were structurally identified by comparison with synthetic specimens. The steroidal mono olefins isolated were 5β-pregn-3-en-20α-ol (10a), 5β-pregn-2-en-20α-ol (11a), 5β-pregn-20-en-3α-ol (12a), and 5β-pregn-17 (20)-en-3α-ol (13a). The Z-isomer of 13a, 5β-pregn-17 (20)-en-3α-ol (14a), was detected by gas chromatography and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric comparison with synthetic compound. Steroidal dienes were obtained as a mixture of Δ2-and Δ3-compounds having partial D-ring structures corresponding to 7a, 12a, and 13a. Although it was a minor product, 5β-pregnane-3α, 20β-diol (16) was also obtained, and its isolation suggests the formation of a C20-carbonium ion in the course of the hydrolysis. The yield of intact steroid, pregnanediol (1), was only 18.4% of the total products obtained.


Summary form only given, as follows. In this paper, we address the problem of parameter estimation of a class of nonlinear system described by a finite order Volterra kernel with a known embedding dimension. In particular, we derive the theoretical lower bound estimation performance of the nonlinear systems driven by chaos signal. Numerical simulations are performed to confirm the theoretical performance obtained. Furthermore, a robust expectation maximization (EM) based estimation algorithm is designed to adaptively estimate the parameters of the nonlinear system. The estimation performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using computer simulations and shown to be better than the conventional nonlinear system identification algorithms.


We show that fragments from the Gefion family-forming event are the probable source of the shocked L chondrite meteorites, which represent about 2/3 of all L chondrite falls. The 100-150 km diameter Gefion parent body, which had semi-major axis a ≈ 2.8 AU, experienced a super-catastrophic disruption ∼ 470 Ma. This event injected tiny fragments immediately into the 5:2 mean motion resonance with Jupiter at 2.823 AU (J5:2) that quickly evolved onto Earth-crossing orbits. They most likely produced the fossil L chondrite meteorites and iridium enrichment found in an ≈467 Ma old marine limestone quarry in Sweden. Since that time, meteoroid precursors from Gefion have collisionally and dynamically evolved down to the J3:1 resonance at 2.5 AU, a better location for meteorite delivery than the J5:2. This would allow meteoroid-sized fragments from the Gefion family to make up a large fraction of all meteorite falls. Introduction. Nearly 80% of all meteorite falls are ordinary chondrites (OCs) and about 40% of those are L chondrites. Because 2/3 of L chondrites were heavilyshocked and degassed 470 Ma [1], it has been suggested that the L chondrite parent body, which was larger than 100 km, catastrophically disrupted at this time [e.g., 2]. Interestingly, the timing of this shock event coincides with the stratigraphic age (467 ± 2 Ma) of the midOrdovician strata where abundant fossil L chondrites, meteorite-tracing chromite grains, and iridium enrichment were found in Swedish marine limestone quarry [e.g., 3]. These shocked and fossil L chondrites likely record the same event and can be used to constrain the identify and location of L chondrite remnants in the main asteroid belt. We analyzed all existing asteroid families for their potential relationship to this 470 Ma event. Most can be ruled out because they have Yarkovsky/YORP effectderived ages older than 1 Ga or they have taxonomic signatures incompatible with L chondrites [4]. Further constraints come from the short Cosmic Ray Exposure (CRE) ages of fossil L chondrites and the narrow interval of sediment depths in which they were found. Their derived delivery times of < 1-2 Myr [5] indicate that the breakup event had to occur close enough to a powerful resonance that fragments could be transferred to Earth on this timescale. Flora Family. Our two main candidates for the source of the L chondrites are the Flora and Gefion families. Flora, however, has many problems. It is located near the ν6 secular resonance in the inner main belt. To produce the most extreme CRE ages of fossil meteorites (∼50-200 kyr; [5]), meteoroid-sized fragments would have to be launched from the Flora parent body with ejection speeds > 1 km/s [6]. Its olivine/pyroxene composition is also most consistent with LL chondrites [7]. Gefion Family. The Gefion family, on the other hand, is a better fit. We have identified 2240 dynamical family members to date that are located near the J5:2. The age of the Gefion family, according to Yarkovsky/YORP models of family member evolution [8], is 485 −10 My (assuming that family members have bulk densities of 2.0 g cm and albedos of 0.2). This formation time is consistent with the 470 Ma shock event of L chondrites, though we caution that our age estimate is sensitive to the precise location of the parent body. Gefion family members have estimated olivine fractions between 6268%, very consistent with L chondrite values [7]. Finally, the size frequency distribution (SFD) of the Gefion family starts at D ≈ 15 km, steeply rises down to D ≈ 3 km and flattens for D < 3 km from observational incompleteness. Using SPH/N -body results [e.g., 9], we estimate that the parent body was 100-150 km in diameter and that it experienced a super-catastrophic disruption event. These results are consistent with the above constraints. Figure 1. The impact rate of meteorites from the 5:2 resonance matches the CRE age range of fossil L chondrites (0.05-1.5 Myr; shown by the two-headed arrow). On average, one out of ∼500 fragments inserted into the resonance impacts Earth within 2 Myr after the Gefion


The chapter on time is one of the central investigations in Merleau-Ponty's Phenomenology of Perception. Throughout preceding chapters of that work one meets the claim that theoretical difficulties raised by the type of description of the perceiving subject that Merleau-Ponty offers are to be resolved in the investigation of time. For example, in describing perception, it begins to seem that the perceiving subject is neither a pure for-itself, nor an in-itself, but rather belongs to some category intermediate between these two. How is such an ambiguity to be understood ? Merleau-Ponty tells us that: On the level of being one will never understand that the subject must be at once naturans and naturatus, infinite and finite. But if we rediscover time beneath the subject, and if we relate to the paradox of time those of the body, the world, the thing and the other, we shall understand that there is nothing to understand beyond this.


Elements of building envelope, during service life, are subjected to deformations and volume changes due to moisture variations, which can cause anomalies in the building, such as the cracking of facade walls and consequent rain penetration, with increase of their moisture content. In case of heritage buildings with structural concrete elements and infill masonry walls, when, besides moisture variations, other different causes can be hypothetically possible, it can be justifiable to investigate more profoundly the anomalies with the available NDT techniques. This study is related to the application of non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques, with a view to the evaluation of anomalies related to the presence and flow of moisture in masonry walls, notably through Ultrasound, Infrared Thermography (IRT) and Photogrammetry. These NDT techniques are used in the evaluation of masonry specimen with variable moisture content, subjected to compression test, before and after been tested, when cracking will be present.


Nitriles have been identified in space. Accurately modelling their abundance requires calculations of collisional rate coefficients. These data are obtained by first computing potential energy surfaces (PES) and cross-sections using high accurate quantum methods. In this paper, we report the first interaction potential of the HNCCN+–He collisional system along with downward rate coefficients among the 11 lowest rotational levels of HNCCN+. The PES was calculated using the explicitly correlated coupled cluster approach with simple, second, and non-iterative triple excitation (CCSD(T)–F12) in conjunction with the augmented-correlation consistentpolarized valence triple zeta Gaussian basis set. It presents two local minima of ∼283 and ∼136 cm−1, the deeper one is located at R = 9 a0 towards the H end (He· · · HNCCN+). Using the so-computed PES, we calculated rotational cross-sections of HNCCN+ induced by collision with He for energies ranging up to 500 cm−1 with the exact quantum mechanical close coupling method. Downward rate coefficients were then worked out by thermally averaging the cross-sections at low temperature (T ≤ 100 K). The discussion on propensity rules showed that the odd j transitions were favoured. The results obtained in this work may be crucially needed to accurately model the abundance of cyanogen and its protonated form in space.


Probabilistic treatment of the deviation of real dimensions of bar elements from their nominal values leading to the errors in geometry of structures is presented in the paper. It is noticed that the distribution of errors in framed structures is of normal character.The main principles of statistical modelling of the real form of a space truss and estimation of errors are discussed, and the arguments presented for using the standard deviation as the primary statistical parameter of errors. It is demonstrated that the accuracy of calculation of standard deviations of errors must be accounted for in engineering problems. Based on the numerical values of the chi-square distribution the dependence is obtained between the accuracy of the standard deviation and the sample size for different levels of reliability.


Potassium-tungsten Dawson type salts, pure and monosubstituted with vanadium, are presented in this study. These compounds were thoroughly characterized by 31P-NMR,31P MAS-NMR, scanning electron microscopy, EDX microprobe, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermal analysis. Both Dawson salts are thermally stable up to 400 ◦C. Above that temperature they recrystallize in a potassium–tungsten Keggin type salt and P 2O5-WO3(-K2O) compounds. Vanadium that was initially part of the tungsten framework is expelled out of the structure and covers the surface of the new phases. Dawson salts showed activity in methanol selective oxidation. Formaldehyde is the only product detected during methanol reaction on intact Dawson salts, which indicates the presence of redox sites. After decomposition, dimethyl ether along with formaldehyde is produced, due to the exposure of acidic phosphorous sites. The selectivity of the decomposed vanadium containing Dawson salt towards dimethyl ether is lower than the pure potassium–tungsten salt, since vanadium is covering acid sites. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


This paper describes the potential use of new computer simulation techniques for human factors designers in automated industrial process control. Problems in communications, operational procedures, and task allocation between the operator, computers and other machines can be identified from the simulation results and resolved. Also the simulation can show the system performance, individual operator workload with allocations of time into task classes, and provide the mechanism for testing sensitivities to learning, individual differences, motivation, environmental conditions, and job stress. Design strategies with computer simulation and coupled man-in-the-loop simulation are discussed.


Objective
To investigate the potential risk factors for influencing renal recovery at discharge in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) requiringcontinuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).

Methods
This was a single-center, retrospective study. Critically ill patients with AKI requiring CRRT adimitted to the Department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Zhejiang province, from June 2014 to December 2017 were included and divided into two groups according to the status of renal recovery at discharge as renal recovery group and renal non-recovery group. The data of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ) score and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score at adimission to ICU, initial serum creatinine (initial SCr) and lactate level and initial estimated glomerular filtration rate (initial eGFR) at time of AKI diagnosis, and total time of RRT and duration of anuria before CRRT were analyzed. Length of ICU stay and length of hospital stay in both groups were also analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was taken to analyze the potential risk factors for influencing renal recovery at discharge in critically ill patients with AKI.

Results
A total of 115 critically ill patients with AKI requiring CRRT were included, of which whom 45 cases were in renal recovery group and 70 cases were in renal non-recovery group, and the renal recovery rate at discharge was 39.1%(45/115); 59 patients were dead during hospitalization and the hospital mortality was 51.3%(59/115). Compared with renal non-recovery group, renal recovery group have a lower value of APACHEⅡ score [(21.73 ± 2.66) scores vs. (23.19 ± 4.41) scores, P=0.03), SOFA score [(11.02 ± 2.22) scores vs. (12.79 ± 2.82) scores, P=0.001], lactate level [(3.82 ± 1.34) mmol/L vs. (4.47 ± 1.52) mmol/L, P=0.021], initial SCr [(2.151 ± 0.677) mg/dl vs. (2.505 ± 0.792) mg/dl, P=0.015], duration of anuria before CRRT[(11.80 ± 4.71) h vs. (19.11 ± 5.98) h, P=0.005] and total time of RRT [(8.64 ± 3.42) d vs. (15.81 ± 5.07) d, P=0.001], and have a higher value of initial eGFR [(36.26 ± 14.74) ml/(min·1.73 m2) vs. (30.07 ± 10.38) ml/(min·1.73 m2), P=0.009]. In addition, length of ICU stay [(12.58 ± 4.78) d vs. (15.30 ± 5.45) d, P=0.007] and length of hospital stay [(19.58 ± 6.44) d vs. (22.11 ± 5.90) d, P=0.032] in renal recovery group were also significantly lower than those in renal non-recovery group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that SOFA score (OR=0.700, 95% CI 0.521-0.941, P=0.018), duration of anuria before CRRT (OR=0.782, 95%CI 0.689-0.888,P < 0.01) and total time of RRT (OR=0.673, 95% CI 0.565-0.801; P < 0.01) were independent risk factors influencing renal recovery at discharge in critically ill patients with AKI, and initial eGFR was a independent protective factor.

Conclusions
As to critically ill patients with AKI requiring CRRT, there are many factors that affect renal recovery at discharge,. SOFA score, duration of anuria before CRRT and total time of RRT are independent risk factors, and initial eGFR is an independent protective factor.

Key words:
Acute kidney injury; Renal replacement therapy; Critical illness; Risk factor


In the current study, 3D hydro-magnetic flow of CNTs-EG/EO/H2O nanofluids over bi-directional stretchable surface along with linear thermal radiation, modified Arrhenius, thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion are studied. The three base fluids i.e., EG (Ethylene Glycol),
 EO (Engine Oil) and H2O are considered for the analysis. For computing the effective viscosity and thermal conductivity of nanofluid, Wang's viscosity model and Hamilton-Crosser's thermal conductivity model have been used. The system of transformed non-linear ODEs is
 solved by shooting scheme. The comparison of heat transfer rate in CNTs-EG, CNTs-EO and CNTs-H2O nanofluids is depicted by bar diagrams. The outcomes of the present work showed that MWCNTs based nanofluids have a higher temperature gradient compared to that of SWCNTs based nanofluids.
 Moreover, temperature distribution corresponding to the engine oil-based nanofluids declined at a very high rate followed by ethylene glycol and water-based nanofluids, respectively.


The present research was conducted to investigate the strategies used by mothers to give sexual education to their girl child with Intellectual Developmental Disabilities. The study also revealed that what type of problems mothers usually face while trying to educate their girl child about their sex. A mixed descriptive approach was used for this study. It was hypothesized that mostly mothers do prefer to use modeling techniques as compared to oral communication methods to educate their girls. By using purposive sampling method thirty mothers whose girls are enrolled in different special schools of Karachi were selected as samples. It was kept in view that all the girls whose mothers were selected for the study must be between the ages of 10 -18 years (i.e., start of puberty to adolescence). A structured questionnaire, which served as the instrument of the study was designed by using adaptations from instructional manual for parents of Florida Developmental Disability Council. Findings showed that mothers used both modeling and verbal instructions for sexuality education and preferred that both schools and parents should collaborate on providing this education. In the light of obtained results, it is recommended that mothers need support and guidance from school administration and from other professionals to provide sex education to their girl child.


We analyse the Lévy processes produced by means of two interconnected classes of nonstable, infinitely divisible distribution: the variance gamma and the Student laws. While the variance gamma family is closed under convolution, the Student one is not: this makes its time evolution more complicated. We prove that—at least for one particular type of Student processes suggested by recent empirical results, and for integral times—the distribution of the process is a mixture of other types of Student distributions, randomized by means of a new probability distribution. The mixture is such that along the time the asymptotic behaviour of the probability density functions always coincide with that of the generating Student law. We put forward the conjecture that this can be a general feature of the Student processes. We finally analyse the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process driven by our Lévy noises and show a few simulations of it.


Introduction Streptococcus suis is a bacterial pathogen that has its natural reservoir in pigs but can infect humans, causing meningitis, septicaemia, endocarditis and arthritis. (1) Infection can result in severe disease, with mortality of 3-18%, and hearing loss in up to 66% of survivors. (2,3) It is probable that exposure to infected pigs and pork products are the main risk factors. (2,4) The first reports of human S. suis infection in south-eastern Asia were in China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in 19845 and cases have subsequently been reported in Japan and Thailand. (6,7) However, it was not until a large outbreak in Sichuan province, China in 2005 that interest in this pathogen grew (8) and S. suis is now increasingly recognized as a major cause of bacterial meningitis in south-east Asia. (1,2,4,9) Despite this increased interest, it is probable that the burden of S. suis is considerably under-estimated since clinical awareness is low and many smaller hospitals do not possess a microbiology service. Even in hospitals with a microbiology service, infection may be misdiagnosed as a viridans group streptococcus or Enterocaccus. Considerable scope exists for improving the prevention, recognition and treatment of S. suis. The clinical picture and patient demographics can be distinctive and laboratory identification is not complicated, requiring the use of biochemical tests to differentiate S. suis from other streptococcal species. (2,9) S. suis isolates are generally sensitive to penicillin and the risk of the most important long-term sequela, deafness, can be reduced by the use of steroids. (3,4) Therefore, S. suis is readily treatable with affordable and accessible drugs. The risk of infection might be reduced through education of people who work with and butcher pigs, through enforcement of changes in butchering practices and through efforts to change dietary habits. S. suis was detected in southern Viet Nam as early as 1997 (3,4) but by 2007 this important pathogen was still not mentioned in national guidelines on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of meningitis. This paper presents our experience of rapidly influencing the development of national guidelines through a research partnership between an influential national institute and an external academic group. Local setting Viet Nam is a low-income country that has made impressive achievements in improving health. The health-care system has seen considerable changes, with improved facilities and services, increased autonomy and the implementation of a social health insurance system. However, significant challenges remain, particularly in the areas of cost containment and quality of care. Although several laws have given more autonomy to health departments and health facilities, parts of the system remain fairly centralized, with the Ministry of Health retaining responsibility for many functions, including the development of guidance on disease prevention, diagnosis and clinical management. Challenges The burden of S. suis in Viet Nam is difficult to quantify and awareness is low since most hospitals do not have the diagnostic resources to identify the organism. Although the international biomedical literature contains some publications on S. suis, language barriers and access difficulties mean that the information is not readily available to most Vietnamese clinicians. Alerting clinicians to the importance of S. suis is difficult since channels for disseminating knowledge and guidance arc limited. The Ministry of Health is active in developing clinical and public health guidelines through central directives but there are few other stakeholders, such as professional associations, producing guidelines. Response The National Hospital for Tropical Diseases (NHTD) is a 200-bed tertiary care centre for infectious diseases in northern Viet Nam. Unlike most hospitals in Viet Nam, NHTD is a specialist hospital under the direct control of the Ministry of Health and is close to the Ministry of Health both geographically and managerially. …


The deployment of multiple antennas in point-to-multipoin t wireless communication systems may increase the spectral efficiency. However, such gains are no t observed in cellular systems with frequency reuse due to the intercell interference. In these situations, cooperation between base stations is considered as a candidate solution to improve syste m' performance. Within this context, this work presents the performance analysis of the downlink in single-carrier cellular systems where multiple base stations transmit information to multi ple terminals at the same time. The system model (known in the literature as Network MIMO) consi ders single-antenna terminals and multi-antenna base stations which are connected to a cen tral station. We study strategies for power allocation according to the knowledge of the central s ation regarding the wireless channels between the base stations and the terminals (full channel st at information, partial channel state information and no channel state information). These initi al studies motivate the proposal of extended resource allocation strategies for multi-carrier s ystems. The outage probability is adopted as the system performance indicator, being calculated anal ytical y or through simulations.


The thermal storage potential of Thermostatically Controlled Loads (TCLs) is a tremendous flexible resource for providing various ancillary services to the grid. In this work, we study aggregate modeling, characterization, and control of TCLs for frequency regulation service provision. We propose a generalized battery model for aggregating flexibility of a collection of TCLs. A theoretical characterization of the aggregate power limits and energy capacity of TCLs is provided. Moreover, we propose a priority-stack-based control strategy to manipulate the power consumption of TCLs for frequency regulation, while preventing short cycling on the units. Numerical experiments are provided to show the accuracy of the proposed model and the efficacy of the developed control method.


Presents a modification of Kohonen's algorithm used in designing codebooks for vector quantization (VQ) of images. Kohonen's original algorithm builds up a map of the input signal in a one or two dimensional array of neurons. In the present work, the map is built in the synaptic space itself. Another modification is introduced: instead of finding the winning neuron around which the neighborhood is defined, a k-dimensional sphere (neighborhood) is centered at the training vector itself, representing thus a great simplification in the original algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed method performs better than the traditional LBG algorithm for all tested image, at all bit per pixel rates evaluated.


Growing industry and its effluents create a serious environmental concern. Various industrial wastes such as toxic dyes and volatile organic compounds are posing a threat to a clean environment because of their non-biodegradable nature and high chemical stability. In recent years, the degradation of toxic dyes and drugs by photo-catalysts has gained much importance and proved a successful approach to capture light by hybrid photo-catalysts for decomposing toxic organic molecules. This work presents the synthesis of a poly(o-anisidine)-based composite with graphitic carbon nitride and zinc oxide (POA/g-C3N4/ZnO) and its utilization as a photo-catalyst. Various analytical techniques investigated the synthesized photo-catalysts' chemical structure, crystallinity, and morphology. The degradation of Congo red dye evaluated the efficiency of the photo-catalyst in an aqueous medium under ultraviolet light. It was revealed that the photo-catalytic activity of the synthesized POA/g-C3N4/ZnO composites show 81.43%, 92.28%, and 87.05% degradation. This sustainable composite will be highly beneficial to treat industrial wastewater to make our environment clean.


Rajagopal et al., Coronary restenosis: a review of mechanisms and management. The American Journal of Medicine vol. 115, Issue 7. Nov. 2003, pp. 547-553.* Chen et al., Hirulog-like peptide reduces restenosis and expression of tissue factor and transforming growth factor-beta in carotid artery of atherosclerotic rabbits. Atherosclerosis. Jul. 2003; 169(1):31-40.* Thrombin and antithrombotics Semin Thromb Hemost; 1998; 24(2):87-91 Fenton, JW; et al. Protein-C: Biochemistry, Physiology, and Clinical Implications Blood; vol. 62, No. 6 (Dec.), 1983: pp. 1155-1158 Charles T. Esmon. Ethanol Inhibits Thrombin-induced Secretion of the


Helical computed tomography (HCT) has several advantages over conventional step-and-shoot CT for imaging a relatively large object, especially for dynamic studies. However, HCT may increase X-ray exposure significantly to the patient. This work aims to reduce the radiation by lowering the X-ray tube current (mA) and filtering the low-mA (or dose) sinogram noise. Based on the noise properties of HCT sinogram, a three-dimensional (3D) penalized weighted least-squares (PWLS) objective function was constructed and an optimal sinogram was estimated by minimizing the objective function. To consider the difference of signal correlation among different direction of the HCT sinogram, an anisotropic Markov random filed (MRF) Gibbs function was designed as the penalty. The minimization of the objection function was performed by iterative Gauss-Seidel updating strategy. The effectiveness of the 3D-PWLS sinogram smoothing for low-dose HCT was demonstrated by a 3D Shepp-Logan head phantom study. Comparison studies with our previously developed KL domain PWLS sinogram smoothing algorithm indicate that the KL+2D-PWLS algorithm shows better performance on in-plane noise-resolution trade-off while the 3D-PLWS shows better performance on z-axis noise-resolution trade-off. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) studies by using channelized Hotelling observer (CHO) shows that 3D-PWLS and KL+2DPWLS algorithms have similar performance on detectability in low-contrast environment.


Machine learning method is efficient and effective in detecting DDoS attacks, but it all begins from identifying and selecting their important features. This paper presents an implementation of feature selection for DDoS detection based on Random Forest method. In our implementation, we use a LOIC software flood DDoS requests to a target computer, then control the target to extract the features from the captured IP packets, and finally calculate their Gini feature importance and ranking for subsequent feature selection.


Three metal‐salen (Ni, Cu, Zn) complexes were firstly introduced into homogeneous photocatalytic hydrogen‐evolution systems. Based on these complexes, we developed noble‐metal‐free hydrogen production systems using disodium salts of Eosin Y (EY2−) as photosensitizers and trimethylamine (TEA) as sacrificial donors. In a Ni(II)‐salen/EY2−/TEA system, a TON of 362 based on Ni(II)‐salen was achieved in 5.5 h with one time complement for EY2−. The stability study revealed the quick photodecomposition of EY2− in the presence of ether Ni(II)‐salen, TEA or both chemicals, and quick dehalogenation of EY2− was observed in the presence of TEA under irradiation. Besides, relatively slower photodecomposition of Ni(II)‐salen was also found. These factors should be responsible for the deactivation of the photolysis system. Investigation of electrocatalytic proton reduction by Ni(II)‐salen showed a CECE mechanism. An overall catalytic rate constant of 7.62×106 M−2 s−1 was achieved. Combined with the stability analysis, photo‐induced electron transfer and electrochemistry investigation, for the first time, the photocatalytic hydrogen production mechanism for metal‐salen complexes (e. g. Ni(II)‐salen) was proposed.


Tomorrow night the Greensboro City Council will vote a second time on whether there will be billboards along the Greensboro Urban Loop, also called Painter Boulevard. The Urban Loop will eventually form a 40-mile ring around the city of Greensboro.


Evidence for atom‐atom collisional loss mechanisms in spontaneous‐force optical traps is presented. Ground‐state‐ground‐state collisions involving hyperfine state changes dominate the loss at low trap‐laser intensities. When the trap depth is greater than the hyperfine energy, however, the ground state collisions are ineffective, and collisions involving excitation of atom pairs by the trapping light dominate the loss of atoms from the trap. The addition of a ''catalysis laser'' allows a study of these collisions as a function of detuning and shows the novel effects of spontaneous emission of light during the collisions. A simple model proposed by Gallagher and Pritchard for the latter loss mechanism is explained and compared to the experimental results.


This study aimed to evaluate the factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding among lactating mothers at Kaabong district hospital. A total of 93 mothers were recruited using a simple random sampling technique. STATA software was used for data analysis, and crude odds ratios were used to determine the level of significance. The majority of participants were aged 18-25, married, and had no formal education. The majority of participants exclusively breastfed their children. Factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding included the mother's age and education level. Barriers to exclusive breastfeeding included the mother's positive HIV status and insufficient breast milk production. The exclusive breastfeeding rate at Kaabong General Hospital falls above the World Health Organization's recommended level. To maintain this high rate, breastfeeding promotion messages should be provided to mothers to raise awareness about the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding using mass media. The study highlights the need for further support for exclusive breastfeeding among lactating mothers in the area.


Abstract In 1988, Friese et al. put forward lower estimates for the lengths of shortest nonzero vectors for "almost all" lattices of some families in the dimension 3. In 2004, the author of the present paper obtained a similar result for the dimension 4. Here by means of results obtained in part of the paper we show that these estimates also hold in the dimension 5.


Ethical issues particularly related to the business ethics of day-to-day decision making within agricultural cooperatives are identified. Ethical behavior builds trust which, in turn, sets a foundation for communication, commitment, loyalty, and cooperation. Cooperatives are challenged to distinguish themselves from other organizations and to strengthen their competitive advantages by being leaders in developing and emphasizing ethical business behavior. Cooperative leaders are presented with an analytical framework for determining the ethicality of their cooperative business decisions, which should help them to avoid potentially unethical and embarrassing positions and decisions. Ethical versus moral versus legal behaviors are discussed. Reasons why ethical behavior builds successful cooperatives are identified. Farmer opinion and a possible surveys indicate that producers erosion of ethical behavior. are concerned about ethical issues Results of focus group meetings with cooperative managers and directors identify several ethical issues that leaders often encounter and have to address. Forces and pressures that may promote or cause leaders or cooperative members are discussed. unethical behavior by cooperative Cooperative leaders face critical questions to ask and danger signs to look for in determining if their own organization is at ethical risk. A step-by-step procedure is presented for use by cooperative leaders who want to maintain or improve the ethical conduct of their cooperative businesses. Guidance is provided for cooperative leaders who want to develop a code of ethics that is appropriate for their cooperative businesses. A series of practical exercises for facilitating discussion and understanding of ethical issues on an individual cooperative basis have been developed and are included for cooperatives wishing to conduct meetings, discussion groups, conferences, etc., on ethics for employees, directors, and even members. Disciplines Agribusiness | Agricultural Economics | Agricultural Education | Economic Theory | Growth and Development | Regional Economics This report is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/econ_ag_economicreports/1 United States Department of Agriculture Rural BusinessCooperative Service RBS Research Report 151 Strengthening Ethics Within Agricultural Cooperatives Abstract Cooperatives as distinct forms of business rely upon members to work togetherCooperatives as distinct forms of business rely upon members to work together towards collective goals. Trust lies at the heart of cooperation and provides the basis for communication that is essential for members to seek mutual benefit. Ethics provides the foundation for trust that must be present for cooperation to occur. This report explains why ethics is important to the success of cooperatives and what boards of directors and managers can do to strengthen it. Emphasis upon ethical business conduct may help distinguish cooperatives from other types of business while at the same time reinforcing membership commitment and loyalty. ,Strengthening Ethics Within Agricultural Cooperatives Paul Lasley, Department of Sociology C. Phillip Baumel, Department of Economics Ronald Deiter, Department of Economics Pat Hipple, Department of Sociology Iowa State University RBS Research Report 151


Free space optical interconnections offer some beneficial solutions to microelectronic problems, e.g., pin-ins, pin-outs, testing, and wafer scale integrations. When applied to an array of multiprocessors for parallel computing, free space interconnects can offer 3-D interconnection topology, 2-D parallel data inputs and outputs and shared memory architectures. Furthermore, if the optical interconnections are programmable, we shall be able to incorporate several computational architectures efficient for implementing several computational algorithms in one machine. In this review, many of these potential benefits of utilizing free space optical interconnections will be described in detail and various research topics currently under investigation at UCSD will be discussed.


CURVILINEAR INTERFACE METHODOLOGY FOR FINITE-ELEMENT APPLICATIONS Ollie James Rose Old Dominion University, 2000 Director Dr. Oktay Baysal Co-Director Dr. Norman F. Knight, Jr. Recent trends in design and manufacturing suggest a tendency toward multiple centers of specialty which results in a need for improved integration methodology for dissimilar finite element or CFD meshes. Since a typical finite element or CFD analysis requires about 50% of an engineer's effort to be devoted to modeling and input, there is a need to advance the state-of-the-art in modeling methodology. These two trends indicate a need to for the capability to combine independently-modeled configurations in an automated and robust way without the need for global remodeling. One approach to addressing this need is the development of interfacing methodology which will automatically integrate independently modeled subdomains. The present research included the following objectives: (i) to develop and implement computational methods for automatically remodeling non-coincident finite element models having a pre-defined interface, (ii) to formulate and implement a parametric representation of general space curves and surfaces with a well-defined orientation, and (iii) to demonstrate the computational methodology with representative twoand three-dimensional finite element models. Methodology for automatically remodeling non-coincident subdomains was developed and tested for twoand three-dimensional, independently modeled subdomains. Representative classes of applications have been solved which gave good agreement with reference solutions obtained with conventional methods. The two-dimensional classes of problems solved included flat and Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. curved membranes multiple subdomains having large gaps between the subdomains and general space curves representing an interface for re-modeling the portions of subdomains adjacent to the interface. The three-dimensional classes of problems solved includes multiple three-dimensional subdomains having large three-dimensional gap between previously modeled subdomains. The interface was represented by general surfaces with a well-defined orientation and having curvature in possibly more than one direction. The results demonstrated the re-modeling methodology to be general, flexible in use, highly automated, and robust for a diverse class of problems. The research reported represents an important advancement in the area of automated re-modeling for computational mechanics applications. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. This dissertation is dedicated to my loving wife, Detra, and my dear sons Eric and Carl for their support and encouragement during the long years that I have pursued this goal. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.


Lanthanum doped SiC nanowires (La-doped SiC NWs) were prepared using the chemical vapor reaction technique at different heat preservation times.


Firstly there have been a number of stories re houses or partially completed houses being demolished on Groote Eylandt. Attached to this media release is a response to questions Gerry asked Andrew Kirkman following estimates, which include pictures of what was to be demolished. As one can see from these pictures no houses are being demolished – the closest thing to a house is a floor. Interestingly, from a CTC's point of view the CTC was not shown these sites by Earth Connect Alliance when they visited Groote earlier this year.


Introduction: Twin - to - Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS) is a condition that develops in 10-20% of monochorionic diamniotic pregnancies and has a mortality rate of approximately 90% for both twins, if left untreated. The survivors are exposed to the subsequent neurological deficiency in up to 50% of cases. Objective: Analyze the national and international scientific literature on the Twin – Twin Transfusion Syndrome in order to update and integrate scientific knowledge. Methods: It's a scientific literature review, with articles published in PUBMED/MEDLINE, ScIELO and LILACS. A timeless cut was done between 2006 and 2016 with articles written in Portuguese, Spanish and English. Initially were found 258 articles, but only 25 texts were selected considering their relevance and information value. Results and Discussion: Twin – to - Twin Transfusion Syndrome is defined by sonographic criteria, emphasizing the difference between amniotic fluid and flow changes measured with Doppler. Quintero et al. established a classification system in five stages, correlating them with the prognosis. Fetoscopy is currently the gold standard in the treatment of this syndrome, because unlike the other proposed treatments (Septostomy and Amniodrainage), treats the pathogenesis of the disease, making the vascular ablation of the placental anastomoses. Conclusion: Early recognition of chorionicity of monochorionic twin pregnancies is essential for the proper handling of pregnancies affected by this syndrome. As a serious condition, it's imperative that more specialized referral services in the diagnosis and treatment of TTTS can be deployed.


In the non pregnant state and in early pregnancy, Doppler interrogation of the UtA typically demonstrates steep systolic slope early diastolic notch low end diastolic velocities. The waveforms remain essentially high resistance. UtA impedance can be affected by various factors such as maternal heart rate, antihypertensive use hormonal changes in the menstrual cycle, and chronic hyperandrogenism in the polycystic ovarian syndrome. Informed consent from each patient was obtained. Gestational age was calculated from the last menstrual period and confirmed by crown—rump length measurement. Abiding by the inclusion exclusion criteria patients were selected into the study. Clinical history including clinical risk factors to develop hypertension in pregnancy were noted, physical examination was done. The P1 doppler index showed a statistical significance for adverse outcomes like preeclampsia (p 0.002), low birth weight (LBW) (p = 0.04), and with 47 adverse outcomes (p = 0.02) from 11- 14 weeks. We had 17 cases of LBW, out of which only 4 (23.5%) were there not attributed to any complications, all the rest occurred as a part of prematurity caused by preeclampsia, fetal and oligoamnios.


The economy of the Russian Federation has been functioning under the enormous impact of economic restrictions over the past few years. In the current conditions, the issue of the use of various means and mechanisms capable of leveling the negative effects of sanctions pressure on the national economy is relevant. The purpose of the article is presentation possible options for the use of digital currencies and crypto assets in order to overcome the consequences of sanctions measures. Special attention is paid to the development of Russian legislation and government control in the sphere of crypto assets. In addition, the article describes examples of the usage of digital currencies and crypto assets in other countries.


From a perspective of eighteen years of involvement with computer-based education (CBE), it seems there's very little new. The grand experiments of the 1960's, especially with Plato and Ticcit, brought us emphatically into the era of CBE, but we have come relatively little distance since then. Tools such as color, graphics, and authoring languages have been around since the beginnings of CBE, along with concepts of shared software, networking, drill and practice, intelligent tutors, and simulation, but they have had little impact of the quality of American education at any level. The latest tools, microcomputers and videodisks, have simply provided fresh territory in which to continue marking educational time.


Beginning with the conquest of Jerusalem in 1099, Frankish rule in Palestine lasted until the abandonment of ˓Atlit Castle in 1291. These two hundred years were a remarkable period in the region's history. The Crusaders carved out a "Kingdom of Jerusalem," controlling an area extending from north of Beirut to south of Gaza on the coast and stretching inland several kilometers east of the Jordan Valley and the Arabah Desert all the way to the Gulf of Aqaba. Essentially a European-type monarchy, the Franks ruled a varied population: Suni and Shi˓ite Muslims, Christian sects, Jews and Samaritans. Massacres of local communities and the repatriation of the majority of the Crusaders left the Franks with the difficult task of repopulating the emptied cities. Village inhabitants continued their lives little changed from their status under Muslim rule. In the cities, the Frankish settlers began a natural process of Orientalization in an environment that differed greatly from their home in the West. The urban population-a small class of nobles and a much larger class of free city-dwellers, artisans, and shopkeepers-was joined by merchant communes from European cities. The Church and the military orders also emerged as important elements in Frankish society, possessing extensive properties. And Frankish society extended beyond the city walls as well. Adrian Boas begins his portrait of this unique medieval society with a survey of its historical chronology and a review of the history of archaeological work. Boas then turns to settlement pattern, depicting first the life of the cities: From city walls to cemeteries. His consideration of rural settlement focuses on villages (including planned villages founded by the Franks) and their various residential dwellings, from narrow barrel-vaulted homes to courtyard houses. Boas's portrait of the defense of the kingdom brings the awesome Crusader and Muslim castles into view. Boas concludes his portrait of Frankish society with a review of material culture, the element of the Crusader remains that offers the clearest demonstration of the interplay of Eastern and Western influences. This interplay manifests itself in the finer arts as well as mundane objects. Boas's presentation of Crusader archaeology leaves the reader with a vibrant appreciation of the vast panorama of Frankish life in Palestine.


The construction of a quantum electronics technology will involve a concentrated effort in basic device physics, advanced fabrication, and novel architectures. The basic physics on which devices in this technology will probably operate are quantum size effects and quantum mechanical tunneling, considerably different from conventional devices. Structures which exhibit these effects have been demonstrated. The realization of the basic devices in this technology is underway. The prototype architectures in this technology must exploit strong local device coupling, and are known as "cellular automata". The need of such architectures is driven by the need to eliminate interconnects, and is natural for "quantum-coupled devices". This revolutionary approach in both device and architecture is inherent in the desire to scale far beyond present VSLI.


Self-objectification is the act of viewing the self, particularly the body, from a third-person perspective. Objectification theory proposes numerous negative consequences for those who self-objectify, including decreased performance through the disruption of focused attention. In the current study, we examined whether women in a state of self-objectification were slower to respond to a basic Stroop color-naming task. Results showed that regardless of the type of word (color words, body words, or neutral words), participants in a state of self-objectification exhibited decreased performance. This study lends further evidence to objectification theory and highlights the negative performance ramifications of state self-objectification.


Much of today's corporate debt is callable, and the value of the call provision attached to a corporate debt instrument is a function of the likelihood of the call provision's being exercised by the bond issuer. This study examines the effect of the shape of the yield curve on the value of the call premium placed on callable bonds over similar non-callable bonds. Since a bond issuer will only call a bond when interest rates are lower than they were at the time of the bond's issue; the likelihood of a call being exercised will increase as interest rates are expected to decline over time. The market conveys its expectations about the future direction of interest rates by the way it prices fixed-income securities. This expectation is reflected in the shape of the yield curve on government debt. If the yield curve is upward sloping, then the market is conveying its expectation that, over time, interest rates will rise. This would represent a set of expectations that reduces the likelihood that a call would be exercised, reduces the value of the call premium, and drives the price of the callable issue closer to the price of similar non-callable issues. Conversely, if the yield curve is downward sloping, then the market is conveying its expectation that, over time, interest rates will decline. This would represent a set of expectations that increases the likelihood that a call would be exercised, increases the value of the call premium, and drives the price of the callable issue below the price of similar non-callable issues.


On behalf of my co-authors, we thank you for giving us an opportunity to revise our manuscript. We appreciate the positive comments and constructive suggestions regarding our manuscript entitled "Efficacy and safety of oral branched-chain amino acid supplementation in patients undergoing interventions for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis". (ID: 1171407798167109). These comments provide valuable insight for revising and improving our paper, as well as guidance to our research.


The inverse determination of imperfect interfaces from reflection spectra of normal and oblique incident ultrasonic waves in adhesive bonds of multidirectional composites is investigated. The oblique measurements are complicated by the highly dispersed nature of oblique wave spectra at frequencies above 3MHz. Different strategies for bond property reconstruction, including a modulation method, are discussed. The relation of measured interfacial spring density to the physico‐chemical model of a composite interface described by polymer molecular bonds to emulate loss of molecular strength on an adhesive composite interface is discussed. This potentially relates the interfacial (adhesion) strength (number of bonds at the adhesive substrate interface) to the spring constant (stiffness) area density (flux), which is an ultrasonically measurable parameter.


Cloud computing is an important aspect in the development of the intelligent of Internet, Cloud services is one of the important thing of the trend of development of New Internet. Open University(formerly the Central Radio and Television University of China) has spreaded all over national and achieved the national scope of fair education and lifelong education rely on the Internet, Open University teaching has developed along with the network construction of cloud, the cloud scale expands unceasingly, teaching resources effective use and management of cloud resources is facing serious challenges, the rational use of the Open University resources of cloud is the innovate subject. Because the application of cloud model for the end user's operation simple input and output, the use of mobile terminal is behalf of the coming of the era of cloud teaching, in this paper, the cloud commentary about the integration of the teaching status quo of environment; the Purpose is reveal the Open University to get Positive transfer.


Thank you very much for reading experimental high resolution electron microscopy. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite books like this experimental high resolution electron microscopy, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer.


The availability of multiple collocated wireless networks using heterogeneous technologies and the multi-access support of contemporary mobile devices have allowed wireless connectivity optimization, enabled through vertical handover (VHO) operations. However, this comes at a high energy consumption on the mobile device, due to the inherently expensive nature of some of the involved operations. This work proposes exploiting short-range cooperation among collocated mobile devices to improve the energy efficiency of vertical handover operations. The proactive exchange of handover-related information through low-energy short-range communication technologies, like Bluetooth, can help in eliminating expensive signaling steps when the need for a VHO arises. A model is developed for capturing the mean energy expenditure of such an optimized VHO scheme in terms of relevant factors by means of closed-form expressions. This model is validated through simulations and results demonstrate that the proposed scheme has superior performance in several realistic usage scenarios considering important relevant factors, including network availability, the local density of mobile devices and the range of the cooperation technology.


The melts of BiSrCaCu_2Al_0.5O_x were quenched by vacuum casting into fine fused silica tubes (≍ 2 mmÏ Φ ), resulting in the formation of glass rods. The oxygen absorption during the reheating of the glass specimens was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. It was found that the superconducting properties of glass-ceramics depend on the amount of the oxygen absorption of the specimen during heating and cooling. The increase of T _c with the annealing at lower temperatures was explained in terms of increasing of oxygen in the specimen.


Negative ties in the workplace have been found to negatively affect individual as well as group performance. Different antecedents of negative ties have been addressed by prior research – with inconsistent results. In our study, based on social network and social psychology research we address a so far under-researched driver of negative tie formation. Specifically, we employ an ego-centered network study with a sample of 157 employees working in the consulting industry in Germany to investigate the role of interpersonal perceptions on negative tie formation in the workplace. Our results show that employees' perceptions regarding socioemotional and task-related competence affect the development of negative ties. Additionally, the impact of socioemotional competence seems to be stronger than the impact of task-related competence. These results call for a closer link in future studies between social network theory and social psychology for the explanation of interpersonal ties in the work context.


This article explains how data envelopment analysis can be used as a decision support system to perform financial statement analysis and demonstrates the benefits DEA offers over traditional financial statement analysis techniques. A major advantage of the DEA approach is that it clearly identifies the factors contributing to the performance of company over its competitors.


We establish inequalities for assessing the distance between the distribution of errors of partially observed high-frequency statistics of multidimensional L\'evy processes and that of a mixed Gaussian random variable. Furthermore, we provide a general result guaranteeing stable functional convergence. Our arguments rely on a suitable adaptation of the Stein's method perspective to the context of mixed Gaussian distributions, specifically tailored to the framework of high-frequency statistics.


The wetlands, floodplains, inland waterway, and soil erosion and sedimentation control provisions of Michigan's Natural Resources Environmental Protection Act (NREPA) and implementing regulations, and the NREPA enforcement and monitoring practices of the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources have effectively been "Europeanized" at the expense of the constitutionally protected private property rights of Michigan's hydroelectric dam owner/operators, farmers, and other landowners. Their Europeanization was the natural consequence of international agreements and initiatives covering the Great Lakes that incorporate international legal and scientific norms and standards such as Europe's precautionary principle, ecosystem-based management, marine spatial planning, and weight-of-the-evidence standards. One such international agreement is the Canada–U.S. Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (GLWQA). Little is publicly known * Lawrence A. Kogan is managing principal of The Kogan Law Group, P.C., New York, N.Y., and the chief executive of the nonprofit Institute for Trade, Standards and Sustainable Development (ITSSD), Princeton Junction, N.J., https://www.itssdusa.org/. The author developed the material contained in this Article from the research he conducted while serving as environmental defense counsel pro hac vice on behalf of Michigan-based Boyce Hydro LLC and its Michigan-based affiliates. The predecessor of the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes & Energy had filed suit against Boyce et al. in June 2016, alleging that such entities' and their managements' operation of the Edenville Dam, one of four FERC-licensed hydroelectric dams located along the Tittabawassee River in Midland and Gladwin Counties, Michigan, had violated Parts 31, 91, 301, and 303 of the Michigan Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act. The action (Michigan Dep't of Envtl. Quality v. Boyce Hydro, LLC (No. 16-8538-CE)) was ultimately settled in December 2019. 688 Michigan State Law Review 2019 about the GLWQA, its most recent 2012 amendment, and the other transborder agreements reached and initiatives pursued by the national governments of Canada and the United States and by the governments of the Canadian provinces and the eight U.S. states bordering the Great Lakes. These initiatives include inter alia the Great Lakes Regional Collaboration (GLRC) and the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI). Even less is known about how these agreements and initiatives incorporate the legal and scientific norms noted above which are championed by the European and global environmental movements now anchored in the United Nations (U.N.) Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). These programs spawned the design, implementation, and enforcement of strict liability environmental legal regimes currently applicable in the eight Great Lakes States that are anathema to the exercise of constitutionally protected private property rights. This Article will identify the relationship between these agreements and initiatives and the strict liability environmental (NREPA) legal regime they have spawned in the Great Lakes State of Michigan. It also will explain how that regime is anathema to the exercise by Michigan's hydroelectric dam owner/operators, farmers, and other landowners of their constitutionally protected private property rights. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 691 I. PRESIDENTIAL GREAT LAKES-RELATED POLICY FRAMEWORKS 2004–2016 ....................................................... 699 A. Presidential Executive Order Creates Great Lakes Regional Collaboration (GRLC) ........................... 699 B. Presidential Executive Order and Memorandum (Ocean Policy Task Force) .............................................. 703 C. Ocean Policy Task Force Final Recommendations ......... 703 D. National Ocean Council Implementation Plan ................ 708 E. 2016 National Ocean Policy Annual Work Plan ............. 709 II. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY—WHAT IS IT REALLY? .. 710 III. USEPA'S KEY ROLE IN DEVELOPING PORTIONS OF THE 2012 PROTOCOL TO THE CANADA–U.S. GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY AGREEMENT INCORPORATING EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAW STANDARDS ..................... 724 A. Successive U.S. Administrations' Commitment to the GLWQA Since 1972 .............................................. 726 The Europeanization of the Great Lakes States 689 B. The Obama Administration's Significant Amendment of the GLWQA in 2012 ................................................... 727 C. The Trump Administration's Revocation of the Obama Administration Oceans Policy Does Not Stop U.S. Implementation of GLWQA ................................... 728 D. GLWQA Articles 4 and 2 Incorporate the European Precautionary Principle, EcosystemBased Management, and Weight-of-Evidence Standards ......................................................................... 729 1. European Precautionary Principle ........................... 729 2. Weight-of-Evidence Approach .................................. 731 3. Information/Data Quality and Independent Peer Review .............................................................. 738 E. GLWQA Articles 1, 3, and 7 and Annex 10 Subject U.S. Implementation to the Science and/or Policy Advice of the International Joint Commission ................ 743 1. Articles 1 and 3 ......................................................... 743 2. Article 7 .................................................................... 743 3. Article 8 .................................................................... 744 4. Annex 10 ................................................................... 745 F. GLWQA Article 7(5) and Annex 2 Lakewide Action and Management Plans ........................................ 746 1. Article 7(5) and Annex 2.A ....................................... 746 2. Annex 2.B .................................................................. 747 3. Annex 2.C—Lakewide Action and Management Plans (LAMPs)—Lake Huron ................................... 748 G. GLWQA Annex 4's Focus on Nutrient Loads Nonpoint Source Runoff Pollutants ................................ 752 H. Michigan's Implementation of GLWQA Annex 4 Consistent with USEPA and European Sustainability Initiatives .................................................. 760 I. Great Lakes Executive Committee Report Addressing Groundwater Science Relevant to GLWQA Annex 8 ........................................................... 764 IV. MICHIGAN'S INTERNATIONAL, FEDERAL, AND STATE LAW OBLIGATIONS UNDER THE GREAT LAKES–ST. LAWRENCE RIVER BASIN AGREEMENT AND INTERSTATE WATER RESOURCES COMPACT ................... 767 V. KEY U.S. GREAT LAKES GOVERNANCE AND FUNDING INSTRUMENTALITIES ............................................... 772 A. The Federal Great Lakes Advisory Board (GLAB) ........ 773 B. The Federal Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI).. 775 690 Michigan State Law Review 2019 C. The Great Lakes Commission.......................................... 780 VI. MICHIGAN'S NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT AND ITS CENTRAL ROLE IN STATE POLITICAL AND LEGAL ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE ............................................. 782 A. Michigan Environmental Politics and Policies ................ 783 1. The Outgoing Snyder Administration ........................ 783 2. The Incoming Whitmer Administration ..................... 787 3. The Apparent Hypocrisy (and Expediency) of Michigan's Republican Legislators ...................... 790 B. Michigan's Special Clean Water Act Domestic Status Protecting Wetlands .............................................. 794 C. Michigan's Strict Wetland Regulations Entail Equally Stringent Inland Streams, Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control, and Floodplain Regulations Consistent with Clean Water Act, Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement, and Western Lake Erie Basin Collaborative Agreement ........ 796 1. Wetlands—NREPA Part 303 ..................................... 796 2. Inland Lakes and Streams—NREPA Part 301 .......... 797 3. Floodplains—NREPA Part 31 .................................. 798 4. Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control— NREPA Part 91 ......................................................... 798 5. Nonpoint Source Pollution—Stormwater Discharges of Pollutants (Including Soil, Rocks, Gravel)—NREPA Part 31 .............................. 799 6. The Interrelationship Between NREPA, CWA, GLWQA, and WBLECA............................................. 800 7. NREPA Affords Landowners/Operators Little to No "Due Process of Law" in the Face of Unsubstantiated MDEQ Allegations ............ 802 D. Michigan Wetland, Inland Lakes and Streams, Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control, Nonpoint Source Pollution, and Fisheries Policies Support MDEQ/MDNR Dam Removal Projects to Improve Water Quality and Restore Habitat ................... 815 CONCLUSION .................................................................................. 830 The Europeanization of the Great Lakes States 691


Several studies have been trying to establish relationships between environmental conditions and leaf traits. In the present study, concentrations of pigments (chlorophylls a, b, carotenoids and anthocyanins), N and P and specific leaf area (SLA) were measured in leaves of six "cerrado" species (three deciduous and three evergreen species) in two cerrado stricto sensu sites with differences in canopy cover and in different periods: at the beginning of the dry season (June), end of dry season (September) and beginning of the rainy season (November). Nutrient concentrations differed significantly as a function of phenology and seasonality while pigments were more sensitive to changes in vegetation structure. The highest chlorophyll a and b concentrations were measured at the beginning of the dry season (June) in comparison to the end of the dry season (September) in both sites. In June, chlorophyll a and b concentrations were higher in the denser cerrado while the chlorophyll a/b ratio was lower. Total chlorophyll/carotenoids ratio was also significantly higher in the denser cerrado at the beginning of the dry season due to the higher chlorophyll concentration. Deciduous species showed higher SLA mean values than evergreen species, in dry and wet season but higher N and P concentrations were found in the evergreen species. In both phenological groups, N and P concentrations and the N:P ratios were higher in the wet season (November) than in the dry season (June).


In studies on piano performance, simultaneous notes in the score are almost never played simultaneously by pianists. Melody leads are typically of the order of 30 ms (Palmer, 1989, 1996; Repp, 1996; Goebl, 2001). Here, we investigate the perception of such asynchronies. Previous psychoacoustic studies have found that asynchronies as small as 2 ms can be detected between steady-state synthesized pure and complex tones (Zera & Green, 1993). The temporal order of two sound events can be perceived for asynchronies greater than about 20 ms (Hirsh, 1959; Rosen & Howell, 1987). The complex onset behaviors of real musical sounds such as piano tones suggest that thresholds for detection of asynchrony between such tones will be higher than for steady-state sounds. Our experiments investigated this hypothesis by comparing real and synthesized sounds within the same randomly ordered sequence of trials. We are also interested in the question of why asynchronies are introduced by performers. Rasch (1978) and Palmer (1996) have suggested that the aim of this strategy is to increase the salience of the tone. Since melody leads are more common than lags, this raises the question of which strategy is more audible. Does anticipation of an event make it more or less prominent (salient)? Moreover, does this depend on the type of tone? Each experiment consisted of 88 trials: 4 tone types x 2 interval sizes x 11 asynchronies. Tone types were pure, harmonic complex with 16 partials (-6 dB per octave), MIDI-synthesized piano, and recorded from a computer-monitored grand piano. The pair of tones in each trial spanned an interval of an octave or a major seventh. Asynchronies varied from -50 ms to 50 ms, in 10 ms steps. The tone duration ranged from 300 to 400 ms so that the overlap of the two tones were constant at 350 ms. Musically trained and untrained listeners were asked to judge these stimuli on two separate occasions, each with a two-alternative forced choice paradigm. In the Experiment 1, they indicated which tone was more prominent. In Experiment 2, they indicated which sounded earlier. Preliminary analysis of Experiment 1 firstly confirmed the finding and theory of Bregman and Pinker (1978) that asynchrony encourages harmonic segregation. There was no effect of order, regardless of the tone type: a delayed attack was considered to have the same prominence as an early attack. This casts doubt on the frequently encountered tacit assumption in the music (and especially piano) performance literature that the first onset is perceived as more salient. In Experiment 2, listeners only consistently reported the correct order of the two onsets for asynchronies of greater than about 30 ms–again, regardless of whether the higher or the lower tone began first. Identification of order improved as the sounds became the more artificial: the threshold was around 20 ms at pure tones, and 30 ms for real piano tones. These preliminary experiments suggest that the detection of asynchrony is more difficult in real instrument sounds than in steady-state or artificial stimuli.


We present our extended experience with an only therapeutic platelet transfusion strategy in patients after autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation(ASCT). Clinically stable patients(fever We now analysed 106 patients with a total number of 140 ASCTs. Median age was 54 years(19–70): The diagnoses were acute leukemia(17), lymphoma(34), solid tumors(9) and multiple myeloma(46). The conditioning regimens corresponded to standard protocols. Median days of thrombocytopenia We are just starting a multicenter randomised study comparing this new strategy with the former strategy of routine prophylactic platelet transfusion.


abstractrough analyzing the variations of assortment,quality and trade way in China's wood and wood product import(such as log,sawn timber and plywood)in recent years,China's wood trade trend in future is drawn. Chinese wood trade businesses should focus attention on the world wood trade trend and give response quickly,and the wood import should be carried out according to the principle of "adhere to diversified products availability and small scale". In the meantime, an active overseas market attitude and steady sources of supply are always a key to obtaining an edge over the drastic competitions.


This paper describes a product modeling technique that can be used in development of computer-aided decision making tool for the building industry. The paper starts with an introduction to modeling and a brief description of the differences between relational database management system and object-oriented database system, and follows with an extensive presentation and discussion of the object-oriented modeling techniques.


Base on the theory of regional innovation,a set of indicators to measure the innovative resource agglomeration,flow and creative city construction is designed.Then the relevant data is extracted.The following step is to assess and compare the innovative resource agglomeration,flow and the construction of creative pilot cities by factor analysis.According to the statistical analysis results,the relationship between innovative resource agglomeration,flow and creative city construction is explored through correlation analysis and cluster analysis.The research shows that innovative resource agglomeration and flow significantly affect creative city construction,the greater the degree of innovative resource agglomeration and flow,the better the construction of creative city,and compared to resource agglomeration,resource flow is more relevant to creative city construction.To enhance the level of creative city construction,the agglomeration and flow of innovative resource must be both achieved.


Pre-service mathematics teachers (PSTs) may hold different beliefs about school mathematics and university mathematics and different beliefs about teaching mathematics between high-achieving (HA) vs. low-achieving (LA) classes. Because of the differentiation, the beliefs relationship is complex. This quantitative study administered a questionnaire on 508 PSTs for secondary school from five Indonesian universities to investigate the differentiation and the complex relationship in beliefs considering the year of study. The data analyses reveal a differentiation of beliefs about university mathematics and school mathematics. Despite this differentiation, those beliefs correlate significantly and positively, indicating the tendency of seeing school mathematics and university mathematics with the same view. Similarly, although PSTs may hold different beliefs about teaching and learning in HA and LA classes, the beliefs in HA and LA classes correlate significantly and positively. Furthermore, we found that beliefs about university mathematics correlate with beliefs about teaching and learning in both HA and LA classes. We also found significant correlations between PSTs' beliefs with the year of study, but, unexpectedly, the correlations are very small. Reflecting on the results of this study, we discuss the necessity of designing courses related to university mathematics and mathematics education during university education carefully.


Using the consistency relation in Fourier space, we derive the observed galaxy bispectrum from single-field inflation in the squeezed limit, in which one of the three modes has a wavelength much longer than the other two. This provides a non-trivial check of the full computation of the bispectrum based on second-order cosmological perturbation theory in this limit. We show that gauge modes need to be carefully removed in the second-order cosmological perturbations in order to calculate the observed galaxy bispectrum in the squeezed limit. We then give an estimate of the effective non-Gaussianity due to general-relativistic lightcone effects that could mimic a primordial non-Gaussian signal.


Background: A low cost and simple real-time PCR method to quantify different transcripts in human samples is a need in most developing countries. A quantitative real-time PCR assay to evaluate the relative RNA expression stimulation of specific transcripts during the Pandemic COVID19 scenario was developed at the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology in Havana, using a commercial amplification system with standards and specific primers that are produced in house. Methods: Oro-pharyngeal scrape samples from patients that were treated previously with an innate immune agonist, the CIGB2020, were employed to RNA purification, cDNA synthesis, and evaluation of different gene transcripts by the in house qPCR assay using different standard curves constructed with specific primers that amplify a pool of the own evaluated transcripts. Results: Preliminary results showed a typical standard curve from the in house qPCR system developed. A typical standard curve during the evaluation of the TLR3 gene transcript was described as example, and was calculated automatically by plotting the Ct values against each standard of known concentration, and the linear regression of this curve was also calculated as: M=-3.31641, B=42.73084, R=0.9516. It was also observed the influence of the CIGB2020 on the stimulation of the three toll like receptors from the innate immune system. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the in house qPCR system is useful to quantify the relative induction of the expression of several genes transcripts considered as immunological markers of the immune innate system


Since 1984, both, government and private sector have had concern about micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). These represent 99% of all businesses and they recruit 73% of the workforce in Mexico. Public and private institutions materialized their interest in supports: economic, personal training, marketing advice, legal and technological. Less of 2% of the 4.5 million Mexican enterprises have been benefited. The main focus of this work it`s on organizational structure planning of Small Enterprises (SE ́s). Micro and medium enterprises are leaved out because SE ́s have a certain evolution that makes the intervention effort more realistic, and SE ́s are the seed for big companies. The implementation of the model proposed was on 23 SE ́s, all of diverse origin, all of them directed by their owner, and not all of them were "family owned". A qualification system was designed for the evaluation of the organizational level of each company. This allowed the investigation acknowledge the initial and final indicators. Most of the companies achieve 25% improvement in their organization. All the online intervention process was validated with organizational diagnosis in situ, and that is the reason we concluded the achieved changes were true. So it is possible to support massively the SE ́s, in a fast and cheap way by using the proposed model.


Nitrogen is the most important essential nutrient that plays a major role in achieving maximum crop yield in agriculture. Therefore, nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate and urea have been extensively used in modern agriculture. These fertilizers are generally oxidized to nitrate via nitrite by nitrifying microorganisms in the agricultural field (4, 10, 11). The serious environmental problems associated with the use of nitrogen fertilizers are nitrate contamination of ground and surface water due to nitrate leaching and loss from the agricultural field (15). For these reasons, controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers have been developed to enable a slow release of nitrogen into the soil during the crop-growing season. The use of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers is mainly based on the principle of nitrogen utilization efficiency for crop production. However, in the current issue, Ikeda et al. report that the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer urea-formaldehyde unexpectedly modifies the microbial community structure in the phytosphere of crops (8).

Controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers consists of three major types: biologically or chemically degradable organic nitrogen, nitrogen coated with a physical barrier, and lowly soluble nitrogen. Controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers have recently received increased attention because of their potential N2O emission-reducing properties (1). Nitrous oxide, which is produced by nitrification and denitrification (4, 10, 11), is an effective earth-warming gas with a 298-fold higher efficiency than carbon dioxide. Nitrogen fertilizers such as urea, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate are sources of N2O. Recent studies have revealed that slow-release nitrogen fertilizers reduce N2O emissions from the agricultural field (1, 24). The urea-formaldehyde fertilizer, which is a representative controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, is synthesized from urea and formaldehyde in the presence of a catalyst at various temperature conditions (2).

The urea-formaldehyde fertilizer is degraded by soil microorganisms, resulting in the gradual release of urea into the soil, which is then further metabolized by soil microorganisms into plant available nitrogen forms such as ammonium and nitrate (12, 13). Urea-formaldehyde fertilizers contain short-chain and long-chain methylene urea polymers. The nitrogen release rates of the fertilizer into the soil are dependent on the content ratio of the long-chain polymers. Previous studies on the influence of microorganisms on urea-formaldehyde fertilizers in soils have examined the processes of urea-formaldehyde degradation and urea release rate to evaluate its nutrient efficiency for crop production (2, 12). PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis has detected differences in bacterial community structure between urea-treated and methylene urea-treated soils (3). Ochrobactrum anthropi (14), Ralstonia paucula (13), and Agrobacterium tumefaciens (17) have been identified as the major microorganisms that degrade urea-formaldehyde fertilizers. These bacteria produce different types of urea-formaldehyde-hydrolyzing enzymes that produce ammonia, urea, and formaldehyde. The urea-formaldehyde-degrading enzyme purified from O. anthropi hydrolyzes different lengths of methylene urea oligomers into ammonium, formaldehyde, and urea.

The interface between plants and the external environment is called the phytosphere, which consists of the phylloplane, rhizosphere, and rhizoplane (22). The microbial community in the phytosphere plays important roles in the defense against plant pathogens (16, 20, 25) and environmental stresses, as well as in essential reactions of nutrient dynamics (9, 19). Molecular ecological methods have been recently employed to investigate the community structure of microorganisms in the phytosphere (22). Previous studies by Ikeda and coworkers have shown that tissues (i.e., leaves, stems, roots, and tubers) (26), crop species (23), various environmental factors and agricultural management (5, 6, 27) could negatively or positively affect the diversity and abundance of microorganisms in the phytosphere. For example, nitrogen fertilizer (urea) application levels affected the bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere of rice in paddy fields (7). Low-level nitrogen fertilizers shifted the community structure including important microorganisms for plant associations and methane metabolism in the paddy soil and rice. Additionally, microorganisms in the phytosphere have been reported to improve crop growth and prevent plant pathogen infection (19, 28).

Ikeda et al. conducted field experiments to evaluate the effect of urea-formaldehyde fertilizers on the microbial community in the underground tissues of crops. They observed that the application of urea-formaldehyde fertilizers to onion bulbs and the main roots of sugar beet changed the diversity of the microbial community and the abundances of certain bacterial species. This unexpected effect could be thought to be beneficial to crop growth because these bacterial strains were identified as plant growth-promoting bacteria based on the analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences. Another interesting result is the increase in the number of bacterial strains that are capable of metabolizing C1 compounds, which are the metabolites of urea-formaldehyde fertilizers. They expected that urea-formaldehyde fertilizers were not only an effective nitrogen source but also a useful driving force for the control of the microbial community structure in the phytosphere. These studies have thus shown that specific fertilization practices (i.e., types of fertilizer and level and frequency of fertilization) are important factors that shape the microbial community structure in the phytosphere.

Nitrogen fertilizers have been increasingly used as a nutrient source for crops consumed by the growing human population. The current global consumption of nitrogen fertilizers is estimated to be approximately 100 million tons per year. Based on these circumstances, controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers are considered a good nitrogen source for crops. Ikeda et al. clearly demonstrated that fertilizers played an additional function, which is the improvement of the microbial community in the rhizosphere. Their findings provide fresh insights into the direction of research on agricultural microbial ecology and fertilization management. It is expected that their research will eventually confirm the positive effects and mechanisms associated with the changes in the microbial community caused by the application of nitrogen fertilizers to crops. Recent advances in molecular ecological technologies (18, 30) and sequencing methods (21, 29) will also facilitate a better understanding of these issues. Further studies on the role of fertilizers on the microbial community in the phytosphere could lead to innovative changes in fertilization practices in modern agriculture.


For universities, the superiority of advisor in ideology should be elaborate adequately to accelerate the over-all and harmonious improvement of students,which can make a great positive contribution to the harmonious development of campus.


Introduction. Let S be a semigroup m(S) the Banach space of all bounded real functions on S with the norm lf l =sup {ff(s)I; s E S} and m(S)* the conjugate Banach space of m(S). 1 E m(S)* is a mean if > O (i.e. +(f)O> iff O, fe m(S)) and q(1) = 1 (1 stands also for the constant one function on S). The semigroup S is left amenable (LA) if there exists a mean 1 E m(S)* which is left invariant i.e. q(fa) = +(f) for all a E S, f r m(S) (we define fa(S) =f(as), fa(s) =f(sa), laf=fa, raf=fa, La = la*: m(S)* m> m(S)*, Ra = r* for all a, s E S and f cr m(S)). The semigroup S is extremely left amenable (ELA) if there is a left invariant mean 1 on m(S) which is multiplicative (i.e. such that q(fg) = q(f)b(g) for all f, g Er m(S)). In anology one defines (extremely) right amenable semigroups (ERA) RA. ELA semigroups have been studied at first by T. Mitchell in [22] (under different terminology) and afterwards by this author in [15], [16]. They are known to be characterized by the following equivalent properties: 1. S is ELA. 2. S has the common fixed point property on compacta (i.e. for any compact Hausdorff space and any homomorphic representation S' of S as a semigroup of continuous maps from X to X (under functional composition), there is some x0 E X such that s'(x0)=x0 for all s' E S' (Mitchell [22]). 3. For any a, b E S there is some c E S with ac= bc = c [16]. 4. For any function h of the ideal


Using the New Fast Walsh Transform algorithm, we present a new algorithm which reduces the computational amount, and it can consequently calculate the real and imaginary components for current and voltage signals of power system in sampling intervals. The calculation amount is reduced to 2X(m-1) at m samples to measure full harmonics using developed algorithm. When in single harmonic measuring, it needs only 2(log2N-1)+1 additions and subtractions. We developed hardware device for testing, and tested the developed algorithm by measuring real and imaginary components.


Can Dunning's OLI (Ownership, Location, Internalization) framework be extended from predicting FDI location decisions and entry mode choices to other international strategic decisions? Using data from 891 new (two years or younger) Japanese foreign subsidiaries, we investigate the relationship between Dunning's OLI variables and expatriate staffing ratios (the ratio of expatriates to local employees). We found empirical support for Dunning's framework as a predictor of Japanese new subsidiary expatriate staffing ratios. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.


Biotechnology is one of the hot growth areas in medicine today, with significant recent increases in global investment. Despite the importance of this growth, much of this information does not reach people beyond the scientific community. This book provides an overview of the fundamental role biotechnology plays in medicine for the lay reader. Written in an engaging and accessible style, Engineering Health covers biotechnology in drug discovery, the manufacturing of products and the safety, delivery and cost of today's medicines.


Three hundred and one cases of dermatitis have been Investigated over a period of 20 months. Ten factors were considered and are discussed. A relationship between agent and lost time was established. A plea for greater awareness of the problem in industry is made, both to the industrial medical officer and management in general. The incidence of dermatitis in New South Wales (2% to 3%) is similar to the reported incidence in the United States (65% of 5%, or just over 3%). More detailed investigation by the industrial medical officer and dermatologist would almost certainly reveal a higher incidence of constitutional eczema than appears in this series.


Liquid-liquid phase separation method is adopted to manufacture PVA entrapped activated carbon micro-ball and it is used as an agent to treat wastewater containing Cr(Ⅵ).The results show that the removal rate of Cr(Ⅵ) decrease with the increase to pH and initial Cr(Ⅵ) concentration;the adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) accords with Freundlich adsorption isothermals and it needs more time to achieve adsorption equilibrium,approximately 3 h;and adding 2% of nano-TiO2 into the micro-ball can obviously improve the removal rate and recycle Cr(OH)3 due to the photocatalysis of nano-TiO2.


This article reports the relationship between the degree of ionization of Ti in the gas phase and the thickness profile of Ti film inside a trench in magnetron sputtering deposition. A conventional magnetron sputtering plasma source was used for depositing Ti films inside trenches formed on rf-biased SiO2 substrates. It was found that a high bottom coverage was obtained when a high gas pressure and a long distance between the target and the substrate were employed for the deposition. On the other hand, at a short distance between the target and the substrate, the bottom coverage was small and was almost independent of the gas pressure. The deposition profile was compared with the spatial distributions of Ti and Ti+ densities measured by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) imaging spectroscopy. The LIF results revealed that the density ratio of Ti+ to Ti in the downstream region increased with the gas pressure up to 0.3, while in the upstream region, it was small (<0.05) and was roughly constant with the gas ...


– gonadal axis. We also consider opiate-induced androgen deficiency (OPIAD) in men and worsening hypogonadism through increased prolactin secretion. Further, we look at the potential influence of opioids on the concentra-tion of other human hormones.


The article describes the possibility of describing the electronic structure of the simplest atomic systems within corpuscular physics theory. The proposed method allows to derive the Rydberg frequency constant without using quantum Bohr postulates. Adequate results of the same type of calculation of the energy levels of the first five chemical elements that are in the maximum degree of ionization are presented. The results of the paper can increase the accuracy and reduce the computational complexity of models of quantum processes and phenomena. This, in turn, may allow one to develop more efficient models and algorithms for controlling such systems.


A number of recent reports on the future of engineering education recommend that engineers develop "global competence." Although this term is becoming more widely used, it isn't always clear what it means. In this paper, we propose and define 13 dimensions or attributes of global competence. We report on the results of a survey of engineering educators and industry representatives on the importance of these attributes. This survey was initially conducted as part of a National Science Foundation sponsored summit on global engineering education.


We have isolated fungal endophytes from roots of Dendrobium speciosum, a common epiphytic orchid in southern Queensland rainforests and used morphological criteria and molecular techniques to identify these fungi. Morphological analysis of the cultures obtained demonstrated a variety of non-mycorrhizal deuteromycetes present in plant roots as well as a putative mycorrhizal Tulasnella-like fungus. Molecular techniques were useful in identifying four non-sporulating deuteromycete fungi. The wide variety of endophytes isolated further highlights the importance of rainforest plants as reservoirs of fungal biodiversity. Dendrobium speciosum, Deuteromycetes, fungal endophytes, rainforest plants, Tulasnella.


Instrumental neutron activation analysis was applied to determine the concentration values of several major and trace elements in two Egyptian slag samples. Both samples are submitted one by a Steel factory and the other by an Aluminum factory in Egypt. The high accuracy of the elemental concentration values presented in this work is due to the Internal and External Comparator k0 method used. The two slag samples together with an international reference martial Soil-7 and two thin gold foils samples (One bare and the other covered with Cadmium) were irradiated in the core of the Second Egyptian Research Reactor ET-RR-2 , at about


Extracting road network from high resolution remotely sensed imagery is much difficult than from the other resolution because high resolution imagery exhibits more complex spectral character.To distinguish them from other spa-tial objects,novel classification tools should be applied in which support vector machine(SVM)is outstanding in its fast training speed and strong capability in non-linear classification tasks.A road network extracting method combining Gaus-sian Markov random field texture model(GMRF)and SVM is proposed.This method can be divided into two main steps:firstly,GMRF is used to obtain the6texture features values of sample pixels,and SVM is trained and then used to clas-sify the whole image with these features into road patches vs.non road patches.After that,the patches are initially con-nected with some morphological operations,and their axes are extracted with thinning operation and then vectorized.Se-condly,a heuristic connecting strategy is used to connect and group the axes of the road patches into final road network.Experiments of road network extracting from IKONOS imagery validate our method.

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Chiral compounds play an essential role in asymmetric synthesis, biology, medical field and pharmacology. It is necessary to establish fast, sensitive and high enantioselective chiral analysis methods. Chiral sensors, which could determine the absolute configuration and the value of enantiomeric excess of enantiomers, have the advantages of simple, rapid, sensitive and real-time. Herein, the review is focused on the recent progress of chiral fluorescent sensors, circular dichroism sensors, UV-Vis sensors, NMR sensors and MS sensors. Their characteristics, sensing mechanism and applications in chiral recognition are reviewed, and the prospects of chiral sensors are also discussed.


The University of Tokyo and JAMSTEC have conducted state-of-the-art wave and current resource assessments to assist with generator site identification and construction in Japan. These assessments are publicly-available and accessible via a web GIS service designed by WebBrain that utilizes TDS and GeoServer software with Leaflet libraries. The web GIS dataset contains statistical analyses of wave power, ocean and tidal current power, ocean temperature power, and other basic physical variables. The data (2D maps, time charts, depth profiles, etc.) is accessed through interactive browser sessions and downloadable files.


The ATP content of cultured cells after exposure to meglumine-calcium metrizoate, sodium metrizoate, iohexol, iopamidol and saline was studied. Initially, the ATP content diminished rapidly for a short period and thereafter slowly during the incubation. After incubation with contrast media or saline, the ATP content slowly increased to normal when the cells were reincubated with fresh nutrient medium. Different contrast media and saline with the same final osmolality produced a similar effect on the ATP content of the cultured cells. Cellular association of meglumine-sodium diatrizoate, sodium metrizoate, sodium-iothalamate, iohexol and iopamidol was also examined. The established cell line NHIK 3025 as well as primary cultures of human umbilical endothelium were found to accumulate contrast media in a time-and concentration-dependent manner. When the incubation was carried out at 4°C, the cellular accumulation of contrast medium was less than 35 per cent of that seen at 37°C. It therefore seems that energy-dependent processes are involved to some degree.


COVID-19 has raised questions about the resiliency and robustness of global supply chains While firms will learn from the pandemic as they did from prior disasters to improve their supply chains, COVID-19 is more likely to accelerate existing trends in international trade and the US-China trade war than to reshape global supply chains ASEAN remains well placed to continue to benefit from these trends


Abstract : Trifluoroacetic acid (TFAA) which is the final metabolic substance of halothane, is discharged in urine. Its peak is around 10 hours after inhalation of halothane. The mechanism of this retardation of discharge may be attributed to the circulation of TFAA in intestines and the liver or to metabolism of halothane deposited on fatty tissues after inhalation of halothane. We previously discussed the possibility of the former. In the present work, we performed the experiment which examined the possibility of the latter.


Escherichia coli 0157:H7 has been identified as a causative agent in outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome involving ground beef and apple cider. A microplate sandwich immunoassay for the detection of E. coli 0157:H7 from food was developed utilizing time-resolved jluorometry. Biotin-labeled, polyclonal anti-E. coli 0157:H7 antibodies immobilized on streptavidin-coated microtiter plates were used to capture the bacteria. The bound antigen-antibody complex was then detected using the same antibodies labeled with europium chelates. The effects of capture antibody concentrations, immobilization procedures, and addition of 0.1 % Tween 20 to assay buffer were studied during assay development. The detection threshold for the assay developed is l@-l@ CFU/mL.. The optimized assay was further tested in ground beef and apple cider samples spiked with E. coli 0157:H7. The detection limit was < 10 CFU/g of ground beef and - 10 CFU/nL of apple cider with 6 h of enrichment.