A detailed morphological study was performed in the following species of Crepidula : 1) C. margarita new species from Venezuela; 2) C. plana Say, 1822; 3) C. atrasolea Collin, 2000; 4) C. depressa Say, 1822, from Florida, USA; 5) C. pyguaia , new species from Santa Catarina coast, Brazil; 6) C. carioca , new species from Rio de Janeiro coast, Brazil. Additionally, five other species anatomically studied in Simone (2002) were also included: 7) C. argentina Simone, Pastorino & Penchaszadeh, 2000, from Argentina; 8) C. glauca Say, 1822, from Venezuela; 9) C. fornicata (Linne, 1758), from Mediterranean and Florida; 10) C. protea Orbigny, from S.E. Brazil; 11) C . aff. plana , here described as C. intratesta new species, from S.E. Brazil; 12) C. cachimilla Cledon Simone & Penchaszadeh, 2004, from Patagonia. The 46 characters (106 states) for these species were phylogenetically analyzed and a single cladogram was obtained (length: 93, CI: 65; RI: 64) as follows: ( Crepidula cachimilla ( C. argentina (( C. carioca C. pyguaia ) (( C. fornicata ( C. intratesta C. protea )) (( C. glauca C. margarita ) ( C. plana ( C. atrasolea C. depressa ))))))). Two outgroups were used: Bostrycapulus aculeatus (Gmelin, 1791), which most authors consider a Crepidula (operationally analyzed as part of the ingroup), and the remaining calyptraeoideans studied by the author. The monophyly of the ingroup is confirmed, supported by 25 morphological synapomorphies. Although the ingroup is fully resolved, no clades are formally named, because the phylogeny is still considered provisional. Most studied species belong to an informal group called " Crepidula plana -complex", but it is not monophyletic, since C. fornicata , which does not belong to this complex, is part of the ingroup. This study demonstrates that detailed morphological data are useful in phylogenetic studies even at the level of closely related/sibling species, resulting in cladogram with good resolution and a good number of shared, analyzable characters. A biogeographic analysis is also performed considering the distribution of each species under the light of the obtained cladogram, a clear ascension from south to north is the main pattern of the evolutionary history of these species. Further comments on the systematics of Crepidula aplysioides Reeve and C. convexa Say is also performed.


In the present study, particles with different Bi2Fe4O9 micro/nanostructures with a few particular morphologies (flower-like nanoplatelets, hierarchical microstructures, perfectly square platelets single crystals, etc.) obtained under specific hydrothermal synthesis conditions were investigated. The role of the processing parameters (such as NaOH concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction duration time) on the phase formation mechanism and on the microstructural characteristics was investigated. All the Bi2Fe4O9 morphologies showed orthorhombic symmetry with space group Pbam. The photocatalytic properties and magnetic behavior as a function of the micro/nanostructural characteristics of various Bi2Fe4O9 powders were determined. In the presence of Bi2Fe4O9, a degradation rate of Rose Bengal in the range of 52–61% was determined after 180 min under UV light irradiation (λ = 254 nm). Magnetic activity with antiferromagnetic behavior and a transition at ∼240 K slightly dependent on the microstructures was found. The role of Bi2Fe4O9 microstructures in the photocatalytic activity and magnetic properties was discussed.


A study from Weill Cornell Medical College, New York suggests patients with metabolic syndrome may be at increased risk for clear cell renal cell carcinoma.


Describes a set of re‐engineering strategies that critically examine current business policies, practices and procedures (3Ps), rethink these 3Ps and then redesign some mission‐critical "products, processes, and services." The term process improvement implies that the change or effort is directed towards an array of re‐engineering strategies. Process improvement efforts are categorized into four primary re‐engineering strategies: a set of continuous process improvement (CPI) tactics, a set of restructuring tactics, a set of organizational traits, and a set of renovation tactics. Discusses how these four re‐engineering strategies can be logically combined in a concurrent fashion to achieve significant process improvements. Introduces two new hybrid re‐engineering strategies for process improvements that have been found quite useful at Electronic Data Systems (EDS) Accounts.


Introduction: Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an intestinal hormone that plays an important role for normal glucose tolerance. Recent studies suggest that GLP-1 has anti-apoptotic and cytoprotec...


This letter proposes a fast and highly accurate battery charger for mobile applications. The proposed battery charger accurately detects the built-in resistance (BIR) and determines the transition point from the constant-current (CC) to constant-voltage (CV) modes. It then maximizes and minimizes the durations of the CC and CV modes, respectively, thus reducing the battery charging time. In addition, the proposed charger accurately controls the charging current (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{{\text{BAT}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) by employing an adaptive <sc>off</sc>-time-controlled switching charger. The proposed battery charger was fabricated using a 0.18-μm standard CMOS process. The measurement results showed that with the use of the accurate BIR detection and adaptive <sc>off</sc>-time-control methods, the proposed charger reduced the total charging time by up to 41.2% and achieved <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{{\text{BAT}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> ripple of 52 mAp-p.


The aim of this study is to provide analysis and discussion on the hydropower policies in Turkey, in an effort to provide future visions about energy policies. Emphasizes are on the recent status of hydropower in Turkey, weaknesses and strengths of Turkish energy regulations and policies, and the dependency on foreign hydroelectric equipment. Such evaluations will be possible by developing a hydropower database and also analysing this database. An accurate and comprehensive national hydropower database which includes details such as turbine types is not available in Turkey to the best of the author's knowledge. Turkey is dependent on foreign sources in terms of energy. The dependency is on both energy resources and technology. As the energy demand increases rapidly, it is essential to utilize national resources as well as national research and development for a sustainable and independent energy strategy. It is believed that such an action will be possible via building, arranging and analysing the national database. Developing the national energy roadmap also requires the utilization of national database effectively.


The nuclear magnetic moment of the nucleus 59 Cu, with one proton and two neutrons outside the closed N = Z = 28 shells, was measured in an on-line experiment combining fl-NMR with low temperature nuclear orientation and with particle detectors operating at a temperature of about 10 K. From the data the center frequency "(Bext = 0) = 209:51(22) MHz was derived. Using the hyperflne fleld of Cu in host iron from literature the result for the moment is "[ 59 Cu] = +1:891(9) "N, which reveals a large deviation from the proton p3=2 single-particle value. This provides strong experimental evidence for a massive shell breaking at 56 Ni.


The article contains the results of the empiric research of emotional intelligence as a psychological factor affecting first year students' adaptability to academic and social university environment. 63 students of the bachelor's degree of the Technical University majoring in 5 specialties participated in it. To collect empiric data The Express Psychodiagnostic Test of Students' Levels of Adaptability by M.S. Yurkina and A.A. Smirnov and EMIN Questionnaire for Emotional Intelligence by D.V. Lussin were employed. The taxonomic analysis, descriptive statistics and Jonckheere-Terpstra test were applied to analyze empiric data. The taxonomic analysis allowed dividing the students into 15 groups demonstrating different correlations between didactic, social and professional adaptability. The comparative analysis of the level of emotional intelligence and its components in the groups with different levels of adaptability showed a clear tendency of level change in all the components of emotional intelligence from group to group. It was determined that the students with a low level of adaptability to requirements of academic and social university environment were characterized by a low level both of interpersonal and intrapersonal emotional intelligence. The students with a high level of social, didactic and professional adaptability to the educational environment were characterized by a high level of the structural components of emotional intelligence. The results of the research are of high practical value as they can be taken into account when designing various adaptive programmes for students that aim at developing emotional intelligence as a psychological factor which provides with effective ways of social and psychological adaptation of students to academic and social environment of an establishment of higher education.


This paper analyzes the change of the output-inflation trade-off in Switzerland over time. Three approaches are used. A traditional equation and a structural vectorautoregressive model are estimated with a moving local regression method. Furthermore, a dummy variable method is applied. The findings are robust among the different approaches. The short-run output inflation trade-off worsens in the 1970s and the 1980s compared to the Bretton Woods period. Output stabilization today is more costly in terms of inflation than it used to be earlier.


Based on analyzing the information demand of private college's scientific researchers and the current status of library's reference service,this paper probes into the development strategies of private college library's reference service for scientific research activities.


Following method steps: (a) a step of obtaining the SiO By now developed, in order to provide a way to encourage good manufacturing cost efficiency of the quartz glass by pyrolysis or hydrolysis of a carbon-containing silicon compounds with carbon-containing raw material, the present invention is 1 wt ppm~ carbon content It describes the production of soot body which is in the range of 50 wt ppm.


By using the Fourier transform and defining the jumps of displacement and electric potential components across the crack surface as unknown functions,two pairs of dual integral equations are derived.To solve the dual integral equations,the jumps of the displacement and electric potential components across the crack surface are expanded in a series of Jacobi polynomials.Numerical examples are provided to show the effects of material properties,loading condition and crack size on the stress and electric displacement intensity factors.


The aim of this research is to determine the effects of different colours (as design elements of architectural composition) on subjects chosen from students of architecture. The experiment was carried out by painting the wall surface surrounding the blackboard of a studio the students were in constant interaction with. The first part of this study was completed as a pre-experiment using monochromatic and 4 intermediate (two hues) colour from NCS together with neutral colours. In the second part of the experiment same colours were blended with 50% white, black and grey. Thus, evaluation was made for the total 34 colours by using the Semantic Differential Method. The results of the evaluation was tested by the Arithmetic Mean and Factor Analysis and the scores for each colour was determined as answer to the questions such as; which are the most pleasant and positive colours? What is the effect of colour on work productivity? What is the preference rating of the blended colours and how do they effect the perception in space?


Objective To explore the clinical features of liver injury during the treatment by anti tuberculosis drugs in tuberculosis patients(including tuberculous pleurisy, tuberculosis). Methods The damage of liver function was compared between liver markers positive(including tuberculous pleurisy, tuberculosis) and negative during the treatment of TB patients. Results The incidence of liver injury was 32.1% and 15.0% respectively in HBV markers positive and negative patients, with significant difference(P 0.01). There was no replacemen treatment regimens due to liver injury in HBV markers positive patients,the treatment programs was replaced in two cases due to liver damage in HBV markers negative patients,accounting for 0.3%. Conclusion Markers of hepatitis B patients during the treatment of anti tuberculosis drugs prone to liver damage,liver function should be reviewed around 7d in such patients,as far as possible anti tuberculosis therapy combined with liver protecting drugs,some serious liver damage should be replaced with anti tuberculosis drugs liver lesion smaller.


Most studies of carbonate bedrock weathering have focused on the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) flux while dismissing particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) as insignificant. However, under certain flow conditions PIC flux may be an important term in carbonate weathering. In this study, the total inorganic carbon (TIC) flux was calculated in a fluviokarst basin. Water samples and in situ data loggers were used to determine suspended sediment concentration and water chemistry. The mass of PIC within suspended sediments was quantified by cation/anion analysis of dual filtered/unfiltered samples. The flux of bed load material was calculated via stream power calculations. The analysis of recorded storm events indicated that PIC flux is moderate but can be significant during peak storm discharges. A small storm with a 0.87-month return period produced a PIC flux of 14 g s−1 and a DIC flux of 150 g s−1 at 1.4 m3 s−1 discharge. The largest storm had a return period of 7.7 months, a peak discharge of 4.6 m3 s−1, and peak PIC flux of 620 g s−1 compared to a peak DIC flux of 350 g s−1. During storm events, bed load was the most significant component of the total PIC flux, exceeding the suspended load flux by an order of magnitude. When calculated on an annual basis, the data show that PIC contributes about 10 percent to total inorganic carbon removal.


Convection heat transfer of CO2 at supercritical pressures in a vertical tube (Din=2 mm) was investigated experimentally in order to study the effects of the variation of physical properties, buoyancy and thermal acceleration on the convection heat transfer. For the case of low inlet Re number, the phenomenon of local wall temperature decrease was observed in upward flow which was not in downward flow. For the case of high inlet Re number, the local wall temperature showed an abnormal distribution due to the strong influence of buoyancy which result in the flow laminarization of the turbulence which was not observed in downward flow.


ABSTRACT The chemical composition of the fruit essential oil of Laser trilobum growing wild in Turkey was determined by capillary GC and GC/MS. Among the twenty two components identified, limonene (60.70%) and perillaldehyde (32.30%) were found to be the major constituents.


As television eclipsed radio, Host wanted to move his company forward, so HCI merged with Bray Cary's company Creative Sports Marketing, forming Host Creative. After one year, however, it appeared that Cary was trying to bankrupt Host and control the entire company. Host fought back and eventually saved his company by divesting of all the holdings Creative Sports originally brought to the merger. Host then worked with Chuck Jarvie to find an equity partner, and they made a deal with GE Capital, which bought an interest in HCI and helped build it. After HCI's successful expansion, J. Mack Robinson and Bob Prather, who ran Gray Communications and Bull Run, bought GE Capital's interest in HCI. With this new revenue, HCI continued to expand. After an unsuccessful acquisition deal with Tom Hicks, Bull Run bought HCI, a merger that also involved Universal Sports America and Streetball Partners. Host and his company had survived the crisis.


Received 2 November 2007; revised 19 January 2009 Presents study consists the results of the Sun photometer measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the northern Arabian Sea during December 4-17, 2004 along with OCEANSAT-1 Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) data derived AOD estimates. In-situ AOD ranged between 0.15-0.38 at 500-nm wavelength (with a mean of 0.274). Relatively higher values of angstrom exponent (mean=1.8) were observed during the cruise period, indicating presence of smaller particles, which seem to have advected from Indian subcontinent and associated with favorable wind conditions as shown by wind vector data from Quickscat scatterometer. The Spatial distribution of the AOD over the study area was derived using OCEANSAT-1 OCM satellite data. OCM derived AOD images showed plumes of high aerosol optical depth originating near the coastal regions and dispersing over oceanic regions. The satellite data derived AOD values were also compared with in-situ measurements. OCM derived AODs matched well with in-situ measurements having an RMSE of sixteen percent for seven match-up points.


The objective of the present article is to verify as the public politics are contemplation the "Diversity". It understands that the implantation of educational public politics can make possible a process of new meaning of the present cultural diversity in the Brazilian society. It results of a bibliographical research on the concept of cultural diversity, its context and historical evolution. Discuss the actuality panorama of educational public politics in Brazil about the question of cultural diversity. It analyzes as the cultural diversity became itself synonymous of dialogue and shared values, in opposition to the homogenization and cultural imposition. It identifies in an education of respect to differences one of the possibilities most promising in the context of a multicultural society and of necessary instruments of inclusion and democratization.


Connotation is not only a signifying process but an important human intellection interacted with metaphor.It is an expressive way of human cognitive thinking with which the naturalizing rule is well rooted in language,thought, culture and social relations,and makes abundant descriptions to the world.Mass media make it possible with the complex of metonymy and meta-language and the generalizing rule.


Three new species of the section Telina (E. Mey.) Benth of Lotononis (DC.) Eckl. & Zeyh. are described: L. azureoides B-E. van Wyk, L. gracilifolia B-E. van Wyk and L. lamprifolia B-E. van Wyk. These species appear to be very rare and are known from only a few localities in marginal fynbos areas of the south-western and southern Cape.


Objective To analyze the clinical value of MRI for diagnosis of spinal injury, and provide reliable reference for clinical diagnosis. Methods Fifty eight cases of spinal injury in our hospital from January 2010 to December 2012 were selected. All patients were given CT and MRI examination, and the results of two screening methods were compared with surgical results. Results In 58 cases of patients, injury type comprises vertebral fracture, vertebral subluxation, intervertebral disc injuries, ligament injury and spinal cord injury. Coincidence rate of MRI findings and operation results was higher than CT examination (P 0.05). Conclusion MRI of spine injury spine morphology can clearly display location and relationship with spinal fracture fragments and other pathological changes, so as to provide a reliable reference for the clinical treatment, so it is worthy of application.


Carrier transport in organic semiconductors (OSCs) plays an essential role in device performance. OSCs are generally divided into hole-transporting (p-type) and electron-transporting (n-type) mater...


The main objective of India's Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 Act was to modernise the arbitration regime in India for both domestic and international arbitration. It also reflected the increased acceptance of party autonomy, and the Parliament's will to keep judicial intervention to a minimum has manifested itself in a number of provisions of the Act.

Just as the proof of the pudding lies in the eating, the efficacy of any legislation must be judged by its implementation. Unfortunately, insofar as the 1996 Act is concerned, the reality has been far removed from the ideals professed by the legislation. Arbitration in India, and the regime governing it have been subjected to criticism for the lack of expedition in the arbitration process, thereby escalating costs. The problems have been exacerbated by judicial intervention where the Indian Supreme Court enjoys a mixed track record in the appropriateness of getting involved when it perhaps should have not, and in its efforts at striking a balance between fair trial and party autonomy. The current practice is certainly a far cry from that envisaged by the objectives of the Act and the UNCITRAL Model Law. Many factors have inhibited the growth of an efficient culture of arbitration in India. The lack of standards in conducting arbitration in India has driven parties to opt for arbitration outside the country, or even choose litigation in Indian courts as an alternative to having an arbitration clause in their contracts.

In the context of the tenth anniversary of the Act, this paper seeks to examine whether the Act has kept its 'tryst with destiny' as an efficient Charter for arbitration in the country. It traces the main features of the Act along with the key themes that emerged during the working of the Act over the last decade. It also seeks to review the proposals made for the amendment of the Act, especially in the light of the 176th Report of the Law Commission of India, which has recommended major changes to the Act, and the introduction of a Bill in Parliament to amend the Act.


Consider an astronomer and his observation field, i. e., the set of observable (light or radio) signal-emitting loci of the universe. Let the observation field be ordered by attaching a date to each observable locus indicating the time in the history of the universe that the signal was emitted from its source. Whereas both the astronomer and his observation field age with time, the observations of the astronomer may trace a sequence of loci whose time labels proceed forward or backward in time (cf. Appendix). Consider now a finite set S of events in Ln, n-dimensional space-time (Riemannian n-space having the fundamental form


David O. Whitten, professor of economics at Auburn University, is editor with Bess E. Whitten of Business Library Review: An International Journal, a quarterly published by Gordon & Breach Publishing Group, and Handbook of American Business History, a three-volume study in progress (volume I, 1990; II, 1996) published by Greenwood Press. Whitten's Andrew Durnford, A Black Sugar Planter in the Antebellum South was published by Transaction Publishers, 1995.


An 800 year volcanic record is constructed from high‐resolution chemical analysis of recently obtained West Antarctica and central Greenland ice cores. The high accuracy and precision of the ice core chronologies are a result of dating by annual ice layer counting. Nineteen bipolar volcanic signals in this record represent large, explosive eruptions in the tropics with probable climatic impact. One of the two bipolar volcanic signals dated at 1453 and 1459 is probably left by the eruption of the submarine volcano Kuwae in the tropical Pacific, one of the largest volcanic eruptions in the last millennium. The discovery of the two signals in the 1450s casts doubt on the eruption year of 1452 or 1453 for Kuwae based on previous ice core records. The volcanic sulfate deposition patterns in this bipolar record suggest that the later signal is likely from the Kuwae eruption in 1458, although a firm attribution is not possible. Sulfur isotope composition in the volcanic sulfate in the central Greenland cores indicates that both eruptions in the 1450s injected sulfur gases into the stratosphere with probable impact on the global climate. These results are in agreement with tree ring records showing two short cold episodes during that decade. The bipolar volcanic record supports the hypothesis that unusually active volcanism in the thirteenth century contributed to the onset of the Little Ice Age and another active period in the mid fifteenth century may have helped to sustain the Little Ice Age.


Objective The baseline,clinical characteristics,and risk factors were analyzed in the stroke registry program of the Xinjiang Production Constraction Corp's Hospital aimed to aid the clinical management and stroke prevention.Method A single center prospective method based on Lausanne Stroke Registry was used in this study.Patients generally,past history,living conditions,onset to treatment time,the stroke scale were collected with 1 year follow up.The investigators of follow up were single blinded.Result Eight hundred and ten ischemic stroke patients were included,of which 478(59.01%) were male,332(40.99%) were female.The average age of these patients was 66.50±10.66 years.One year loss rate of follow up was 4.64%.Seven hundred and sixty-nine patients were diagnosis as acute cerebral infarction,41 patients were TIA.The median time from onset to treatment was 15 hours.Lacunar infarction was the most common type with 334(43.43%) patients.The average score of the National Institutes of Heath Stroke Scale was 5.55±7.24.The incidence of carotid artery plaque was 82.2%.Conclution Xinjiang region has its own characteristics of stroke with a higher carotid artery plaque rate and thrombolytic therapy ratio.Good stroke registration system could standardize the clinical behavior and promote the continuous improvement of medical quality.


Modified Stober method was used to prepare monodisperse mesoporous silica microsphere by two-step reaction including hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS)with ammonia as catalyst.Effects of the reaction parameters on the size and mono-disperse of the microsphere were discussed based on many characterization tests.Results showed: the microsphere size increased with the increment of ammonia and TEOS concentrations while decreased at higher temperature due to the evaporation of ammonia;effects of the reaction time on the particle distribution existed mainly in the initial stage,then got smooth gradually.The comparison of small angle X ray analysis suggested that peak intensity of silica microsphere increased and the overlapping peaks drifted rightward after calcination,indicating that the surfactant molecules were removed from the hole and the aperture shrank at the same time.In addition,the texture of the product was affected by reaction conditions to some extent.The mechanism study revealed the formation of silica microsphere was achieved through TEOS hydrolysis and polycondensation two steps successively.This is a simple,effective and repeatable method,which may be used for mass production,for the preparation of mono-dispersed mesoporous silica microspheres.


We demonstrate in this article an exciting new method for obtaining electron Kikuchi diffraction patterns in transmission from thin specimens in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) fitted with a conventional electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) detector. We have labeled the method transmission EBSD (t-EBSD) because it uses off-the-shelf commercial EBSD equipment to capture the diffraction patterns and also to differentiate it from transmission Kikuchi diffraction available in the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Lateral spatial resolution of less than 10 nm has been demonstrated for particles and better than 5 nm for orientation mapping of thin films. The only new requirement is a specimen holder that allows the transmitted electrons diffracted from an electron transparent sample to intersect the EBSD detector. We briefly outline our development of the technique, followed by descriptions of sample preparation techniques and operating conditions. We then present examples of t-EBSD patterns from a variety of specimens, including particles of diameter <10 nm, wires of diameter <80 nm, and films with thicknesses from ~5 nm to 300 nm. Finally, we discuss the phenomenon in the context of Monte Carlo electron scattering simulations.


The mean ITCZ does not extend beyond 10 N in the Caribbean ocean today, but there is increasing evidence that the character of the seasonal oscillation has changed as a result of orbital forcing. Changes in position of the mean ITCZ are important to document because its location and intensity essentially define the hydrologic budget in the tropics and have significant effects on atmospheric circulation and atmosphere-ocean interactions (Waliser and Gautier 1993). The generally observed trend is that the ITCZ occupied a more northward mean position during the Holocene thermal maximum between 10 and 5 ka,, when summer insolation was greater in the northern hemisphere than the southern hemisphere (Koutavas and LynchStieglitz, 2004). Curtis and Hodell (1993) linked the intensity of the seasonal cycle to evidence for a wetter climate in the Caribbean region between 7 k.a. and 3.2 k.a. This finding has recently been corroborated by bivalve d18O values from Florida that provide evidence for increased seasonality at ~5 k.a. (Jones et al., 2005). Both studies conclude that the further northward migration of the ITCZ is related to increased seasonality throughout the northern tropics during this period.


In this thesis, I present development details and test results for the ONSEN system, a novel real-time data-processing system that will perform an online reduction of the output data from the Belle II pixel detector. The Belle II experiment will be located at the future SuperKEKB electron-positron collider. With its 40 sensor modules, arranged in a two-layer barrel geometry directly around the beam pipe, the pixel detector will be Belle II's innermost detector. It is subject to a harsh background environment, caused by its distance of only 14mm from the interaction point and SuperKEKB's unprecedented instantaneous luminosity of 8 × 1035 cm−2 s−1. The read-out of its almost 8 million pixels takes approximately 20 μs, corresponding to about 5000 electron-positron bunch crossings. During this long integration time, hits in up to 3 % of all pixels will be accumulated, mostly stemming from background processes. The resulting output data rate will be close to 20GB/s. The common data-acquisition system, used for all other Belle II subdetectors, was designed for much smaller rates and cannot be adapted to incorporate the pixel detector. An online data-reduction mechanism, based on regions of interest from a real-time event reconstruction, will be used to eliminate background hits from the pixel data and thereby reduce its size by a factor of 30 before it is put to permanent storage. The ONSEN system is responsible for the buffering of the complete pixeldetector data while the event reconstruction takes place, and for performing the filtering of pixels according to the regions of interest determined by two external systems. Its FPGA-based hardware platform is a development from the IHEP in Beijing, while the FPGA firmware performing the data-processing functions was designed at the University of Gießen. A large part of the ONSEN system's firmware is a result from the work on this thesis. This includes: the codesign of the overall system architecture; I/O mechanisms for the data exchange with other subsystems of the data-acquisition chain, using different protocols;


Objective:To investigate the expression of VEGF-C in colorectal cancer and evaluate the relationship between VEGF-C expression and lymph node metastasis.Methods:The expression of VEGF-C in 47 specimens from 47 patients with colorectal cancer was studied with immunohistochemical staining.Results:The expression of VEGF-C was 44.7% in general.It was 60.0% in patients with lymph node metastasis,which was significantly higher than those without lymph node metastasis(17.7%)(P0.01).Conclusion:VEGF-C is expressed in colorectal cancer and plays an important role in lymph node metastasis by inducing lymphangiogenesis or altering the interaction between the carcinoma and lymphatic endothelium.


ABSTRACT Three stratigraphically restricted oil families dominate the area south of the Carboniferous subcrop in southwestern Saskatchewan. Oils in the stratigraphic interval of the Mississippian Madison to Lower Cretaceous Mannville of the Battle Creek, Rapdan-Battrum area have > 210°C boiling point, saturate fractions characterized by pristane/phytane ratios 210°C boiling point saturate fraction characterized by pristane/phytane > 1.0 and diasterane/regular sterane > 1.0. In these ways this family of oils resembles Family B oils, an oil family also stratigraphically restricted to the Bakken Formation of southeastern Saskatchewan and southwestern Manitoba. Family B oils in southeastern Saskatchewan are derived from Bakken source rocks. There they have consistently high thermal maturities, Ts/Tm > 1.1, that have been attributed to a delayed expulsion threshold. A noticeable difference between Bakken oils in southwestern Saskatchewan and Family B oils is their consistently low thermal maturity indicators (generally C29 sterane S/R 1.0 and high diasterane/regular sterane ratios. These oils can be distinguished from oils in the Bakken Formation by their consistently higher percentage of hydrocarbons, high saturate/aromatic hydrocarbon ratios, enrichment in C28 steranes and high thermal maturities. Other workers have suggested that the source of these oils is the overlying Upper Cretaceous portion of the Lower Colorado Group shale succession. High thermal maturities result in oils of low density and high quality, such that subsequent biodegradation of these oils, although as pervasive as that affecting other oil families, is not perceived as equally detrimental to oil quality in the Viking. All three families exhibit variable degrees of biodegradation or water washing. Water washing is inferred by the selective removal of more soluble hydrocarbons, particularly benzene and toluene. Biodegradation is recognized by the selective removal of n-alkanes in both the > 210°C boiling point saturate fraction and the gasoline range. Decreasing heptane value appears to be one of the most systematic variations that accompanies increasing biodegradation. Oil density and API gravity generally vary with heptane value indicating that biodegradation is a dominant control on oil quality in the region. Similar patterns of variation are observed in Bakken oil pools, but the degradation of Viking oils provides one of the strongest correlations between progressive changes in heptane value and API gravity. Biodegraded oils are generally water washed, but water washing is not always accompanied by biodegradation.


A procedure and specification for evaluating the degree of spheroidization of graphite in spheroidal graphite iron (SGI), using a computer-based image analyzing system has been developed as an aid to structure-property-quality assessment. Both global and feature-specific numerical indices have been programmed and implemented using a Zeiss Jenaphot 2000 projection microscope and SEM interfaced to a computer-based MACROS III analyzer and a CCD video camera. The modular procedure has been tested and used to evaluate the effect of variation in the degree of spheroidization of graphite on the 0.2 % offset yield strength for an iron series ranging from ASTM type I (fully nodular) to ASTM type II-III-IV (mixtures of nodular and compacted/vermicular graphite) and were found to indicate good correlation.


Aiming at the sales management of special steel industry, group sales management model is brought out according to the enterprise management practice and market information from the sales management design practice. This paper analyzes the sales management system structure, plans exploitation technology and system structure and designs sales management system with B/S model using data mining and distributed database (DDB) technology. The system testing appellation states that the system implementation is quite effective and has important significance to special Steel Corporation, social and economic worth.


Analogs of 29-deoxyadenosine (29-AdR) were used to determine the structural requirements for inhibition of the steroid-induced synthesis of Δ5-3-ketosteroid isomerase in Pseudomonas testosteroni. Compounds more active than 29-AdR included 4-aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-29-deoxyribonucleoside and 6-chloro-9-cyclopentylpurine. The data obtained with many compounds indicate that: (a) substitution of the amino group of adenine with chlorine enhances activity, (b) replacement of C with N in position 8 of the purine ring increases activity, (c) replacement of deoxyribose in position 9 of 29-AdR with substituents containing a 29-hydroxyl (as in adenosine, 39-AdR, and 9-(29-hydroxy-cyclopentyl)adenine) causes a loss of activity, while nonhydroxyl-containing substituents (as in 29,39,59-trideoxyadenosine and 9-cyclopentyladenine) retain activity (thus, direct phosphorylation of the analogs is not prerequisite to inhibitory activity), and (d) unnatural derivatives of 29-AdR containing either L-deoxyribose in β-configuration or D-deoxyribose in α-configuration are inactive. These findings were used to guide the design and synthesis of 6-chloro-8-aza-9-cyclopentylpurine (689). This compound, which cannot be phosphorylated directly, markedly inhibited the synthesis of induced enzymes in P. testosteroni at a concentration (0.3 mM) that was significantly less inhibitory to the synthesis of total protein and to the incorporation into protein of L-leucine-1-14C. The inhibition of Δ5-3-ketosteroid isomerase activity was not attributable either to prevention of uptake of the inducer or to direct inhibition of enzyme activity. These data suggest that 689 inhibits relatively selectively a process critically involved in the inductive synthesis in P.testosteroni of Δ5-3-ketosteroid isomerase.


A liquid crystal display device and manufacturing method. A liquid crystal display device having a pair of substrates disposed opposite to, liquid crystal sealed between the pair of substrates and a sealing material surrounding said pair of substrates for sealing, wherein the sealing material there is provided a structure in the vicinity of the structure such that the pair of substrates is injected between the injection rate of the liquid crystal when the liquid crystal slowing in the vicinity of the sealing material.


The utility model relates to an X-ray tube. The X-ray tube comprises a cavity, a field emission cathode device and an anode; vacuum is formed inside the cavity; electron beams emitted by the field emission cathode device irradiate on the anode so as to form X rays; the field emission cathode device and the anode are arranged inside the cavity at intervals; the field emission cathode device comprises at least one field emission structure; each field emission structure includes a first metal plate, a layered electron emitter and a second metal plate, wherein the layered electron emitter is fixed between the first metal plate and the second metal plate, and one end of the layered electron emitter extends out from the first metal plate and the second metal plate and is adopted as an electron emission end.


Following widespread publicity about cocaine babies (Kantrowitz 1990; Toufexis 1991), the American public has shown considerable concern about the potential long-term consequences to children's development from prenatal exposure to drugs of abuse. Many communities have gone so far as to consider or implement special school-based programs for children with histories of prenatal drug exposure. Yet very little is known about long-term development in children of drug-using parents and even less about what specific aspects of development, if any, are linked to prenatal exposure. Longitudinal followup of children with documented histories of prenatal drug exposure requires tremendous commitment from investigators and funders (Hans 1991), and few research studies have followed children past infancy and early childhood.


Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutrient deficiencies in the world. The aim of our research was to identify the most common causes of iron deficiency anemia and the associated factors of lifestyle, dietary habits and menstrual cycle. We selected a random sample of women attending the gynecology department at Tishreen University Hospital, and obtained the results of a complete blood count (HCT and HB) CBC for 100 participating women from April 2022 until the end of June 2022. As a result, 67% of women nearly two-thirds were anemic which is considered high for a sample randomly taken from the gynecological clinic in Tishreen university hospital.


which has not been reported previously either as synthetic or from natural sources. Fifteen grams of mites were separated and collected from a culture mediumby the saturated saline flotation method,40 and extracted with 200ml of hexane for 3 min. The resulting oil (65 mg) was chromatographed on an SiO2 column (1 g, Wako Gel C200) by successively eluting with 10ml each of a stepwise Et2O-hexane mixture that was monitored by GLC. «-Tridecane was obtained from the hexane fraction as the major component,.while citral (95% of neral and 5% of geranial) was in the Et2O-hexane (1 : 10) fraction. The Et2O-hexane (5:95) fraction contained a compound with tR 15.45min on an FFAP capillary column (0.25mmx25m, Quadrex) at 210°C. This


Pre-operative diagnosis of hydatid cysts can be made by ultrasound and confi rmed by a CT scan. Radiography may identify an occasional calcified cyst. Caliceal distortion is the predominant fi nding on IVP, followed by caliectasis and non-functioning kidney, possibly caused by the mass eff ect of cystic lesions.[10] CT scan is more accurate than a USG.[8] Hypointense rim and multicystic appearance is distinctive in magnetic INTRODUCTION


In this issue there appears a draft of a committee report dealing with "Optimal Criteria for Care of Patients With End-Stage Kidney Disease." The report comes from an ad hoc committee appointed by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals (JCAH). It partially carries out the terms of a contract between the JCAH and Regional Medical Program Services. Completion of the contract will implement Section 907 of the Public Health Service Act (Public Law 89-239, as amended by Public Law 91-515), which calls for the Secretary to establish and maintain current lists of facilities equipped and staffed to provide the most advanced methods and techniques for diagnosis and treatment of heart disease, cancer, stroke, or kidney disease, together with related information such as availability of specialized training, and to make the lists available to licensed practitioners and others requiring such information. With the enactment of Public Law 92-603, the Social


With the increasing demand for improving the effectiveness of e-learning, numerous applications including web 2.0 based applications are being used for developing effective e-learning environments. Through a comprehensive literature review, this paper proposes a web 2.0 based e-learning success model in higher education.


This study aims to analyze the effect of regional taxes, regional levies, special allocation funds, area size on the allocation of capital expenditure with economic growth as a moderating variable in the district / city governments in Indonesia in 2016 to 2017. This study uses secondary data obtained through the website from Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Finance, and BPK RI. The population in this study based on the purposive sampling method, obtained a sample of 966 regencies / cities in Indonesia with an outlier of 401, so that the final data obtained was 565. Hypothesis testing in this study uses multiple linear regression with MRA (Moderated Regression Analysis), so that there are 2 models in the study. The data that has been collected is analyzed first by testing the classical assumptions then testing the hypothesis using the SPSS 15.0 test tool. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that partially local tax variables, special allocation funds and wide areas have a positive and significant effect on capital expenditure allocations, while regional retribution variables have no effect on capital expenditure allocations. and economic growth is able to moderate the effect of regional taxes on the allocation of capital expenditure, but is not able to moderate the effect of regional levies on the allocation of capital expenditure.


Although some patients report body dissatisfaction, binge eating, and depression following significant weight loss, the majority of patients report improved psychosocial scores even after moderate weight loss. Dissatisfaction with degree of weight loss and unrealistic expectations remain the main psychological factors hindering patient success in maintaining weight in the long term. Frequent "yo-yo" dieting sets patients up for failure. Only those patients who persistently work at weight maintenance and have more realistic expectations of their weight loss will ultimately succeed. This article discusses issues pertaining to body image and changes in binge-eating disorder and bariatric surgery as well as how such changes relate to psychological factors and patient behavior. The article also discusses behavioral strategies for achieving and maintaining weight loss and the negative effect of "crooked thinking" on the part of the dieter. More research is needed to define cognitive and other therapeutic treatment modalities that are necessary to support long-term weight loss and maintenance.


In recent years, local government debt has become a crucial sensitive factor in the China economic move. Based on the audit declaration of local government debt from 2011 to 2013 issued by state auditing administration, this paper analyzes the basic developing trend and risk incentive of China's local government debt in detail, discusses the sustainability of local government debt from macro-scope, and puts forward relevant political suggestions for regulation.


With a proper design, the aperture field of a conventional radial waveguide pin-fed non-resonant array antenna (RWPFAA) can be rendered equiphase at a given central frequency. However, when the operating frequency deviates from this central frequency, the aperture field will exhibit an undesired conical phase error. To alleviate this problem, we propose a novel design in which the frequency-dependent aperture phase error distribution is rendered serrated. The gain and side-lobes of an RWPFAA with serrated phase error distributions are studied by resorting a simple model of a line source as well as a more representative model of a circular aperture. The theoretical results are supplemented by numerical data. Schemes of RWPFAAs comprising two and three sections, which render the phase error distribution in the antenna aperture serrated, are suggested.


This research investigates the antecedents of students' loyalty in retail banking services, through the four phases approach suggested by Oliver (1999). The analysis of 60 semi-directive interviews confirms the importance of satisfaction, confidence and affective commitment in the development of customer loyalty. The results show that a large part of students have achieved an advanced stage in the loyalty process. This youth segment is waiting for interpersonal relationships with banking advisors. The formers play a key-role in the development of confidence and affective commitment, which are convenient factors to engage in commercial transactions.


An unusual occurrence of huntite CaMg3(CO3)4, found in a wooden box pertaining to the cargo of a sunken Roman ship of imperial age in the Golfo di Procchio on the north coast of Elba is described. The huntite has been identified on the basis of chemical analysis, thermo-gravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and electron microscope images. Having ruled out its origin by the reaction of sea water on some pre-existing material it is concluded that the huntite represented the original content of the box. The origin and the provenance of huntite and its possible use are discussed.


Review(s) of: The Goossens: A Musical Century by Carole Rosen, London: Andre Deutsch, 1993. $45.00, Pp. xviii, 525, ill. Includes endnotes.


The theory of the crystal-field splitting, Ve, of the J = 1 level of an ortho impurity in a parahydrogen matrix, due to the coupling of the rotational motion of the ortho molecule to the lattice vibrations, is developed taking due account of the quantum-crystal nature of the solid. Two contributions to Ve are identified, both arising from the anisotropy in the lattice vibrations. One contribution is due to the difference in the relative zero-point motion of the molecules in in-plane and out-of-plane pairs in the hcp lattice, and is parametrized in terms of the second moments of the pair distribution function. The other contribution is due to the local, quasi-state distortion of the lattice around the impurity induced by the terms in the coupling linear in the phonon variables. This self-energy effect is calculated using a generalized Debye model for the self-consistent harmonic phonons, in which the anisotropy of the velocity and of the polarization of the sound waves is parametrized in terms of the elast...


‡‡ With the continuous need to rotate crew and re-supply the International Space Station (ISS) and the desire to return humans to the Moon and for the first time, place humans on Mars, NASA must develop a more robust and highly reliable capability to perform Autonomous Rendezvous and Capture (AR&C) because, unlike the Apollo missions, NASA plans to send the entire crew to the Lunar or Martian surface and must be able to dock with the Orion spacecraft upon return. In 1997, NASA developed the Video Guidance Sensor (VGS) which was flown and tested on STS-87 and STS-95. In 2001, NASA designed and built a more enhanced version of the VGS, called the Advanced Video Guidance Sensor (AVGS). The AVGS offered significant technology improvements to the precursor VGS design. This paper will describe the AVGS as it was in the DART mission of 2005 and the Orbital Express mission of 2007. The paper will describe the capabilities and design concepts of the AVGS as it was flown on the DART 2005 Mission and the DARPA Orbital Express Mission slated to fly in 2007. The paper will cover the Flight Software, problems encountered, testing for Orbital Express and where NASA is going in the future.


In response to the journal theme Media in a Post-Racial Society, I reflected upon my attempts at teaching university students about race and how it operates in contemporary society'. Because of the need for greater cultural understanding among teachers and students, addressing race and culture is of paramount importance in education. As societies change and interact, finding ways to help pre-service teachers expand their cultural knowledge may have significant effects on their future teaching and their cultural competence in a classroom. Decker and Rimm-Kaufman (2008) note that there is no handbook for teaching; teachers frequently make decisions based upon their understanding of the circumstances, and these understandings are shaped by teachers' belief systems. Thus, the values that a teacher holds have a significant impact upon how that teacher interprets situations, treats students, makes pedagogical and curricular decisions, and decides which topics are appropriate for class discussion.Because I want to build the value of understanding and appreciating a range of students and their unique contributions, I address race, gender, culture, class, and sexual orientation throughout my classes of pre-sendee and in-service teachers. Finding ways to build an environment for an open and honest exchange of ideas around race and culture is a challenge and a continual learning process for me. Many university students may not have a significant degree of comfort with conversations about race and inequities, but it is crucial to have these discussions while they are in a formative period of becoming a teacher. Decker and Rimm-Kaufman (2008) point out that teachers' views are more flexible during their teacher preparation program than when they have their own classroom, thus making this time a critical point for intervention.In a recent study, Brown (2009) found that the majority of pre-sendee teachers completing their student teaching thought they were inadequately prepared for the multicultural and multiethnic settings of public schools. This is an important issue for pre-sendee teacher preparation programs because "these White middle class teachers possess very limited intercultural experiences to bring into the classroom that will provide students with the knowledge and skills to work for a more just society" (Brown, 2009, p. 1). Sleeter (2001) notes that white pre-sendee teachers often have limited experience with and knowledge of people from cultures other than their own. Instead, pre-service teachers frequently hold views that are influenced by the media, their cultural environment, and their values (Garmon, 2004). Kaplan (2011) writes that many teachers in urban schools are young and white, often right out of college, and may not be prepared to work with students from cultural backgrounds different from their own. This problem comes, in part, from an educational system that is more segregated than it was in 1954 (Orfield & Lee, 2005), before legal desegregation. The lack of diversity within public schools today means that many students come to college with limited experiences working with and learning alongside people from different backgrounds.Pre-Service Teachers, Diversity, and WhitenessThe students I teach at Virginia Commonwealth University reflect the fact that 86% of teachers are white and that 80-93% of students in teacher preparation programs are white (Dedeoglu & Lamme, 2011J1. Additionally, the vast majority are middle-class women who mostly attended high school with people from similar backgrounds, as Orfield and Lee (2005) note. Further, a significant majority of faculty members who teach pre-sendee teachers are also white women (Matias & Zembylas, 2014).Interestingly, students frequently mention that diversity is one of their favorite aspects of Virginia Commonwealth University. Many students are comfortable with diversity and freely share experiences from their own lives or from friends and families, throughout the US or abroad, and have nuanced understandings of race and culture. …


FERNANDO DANIEL CHAGUE: Conditional Betas: Asymmetric Responses to Good and Bad News. (Under the direction of Eric Ghysels.) In this dissertation we propose a theoretical model for conditional betas. Within a rational expectation equilibrium model, we provide a precise characterization of the dynamics of betas and the price of beta risk in terms of the model's primitive parameters and state variables. The expressions reveal that during periods of higher uncertainty, the investor requires a higher market premium. Likewise, the conditional betas also respond to levels of uncertainty; depending on the cash-flow properties of the asset, the asset's beta can increase or decrease on higher uncertainty. Because of the connection with uncertainty, conditional betas derive the stochastic properties from investor beliefs. One of such properties is the asymmetric response to positive and negative news. We also provide empirical evidence of the model's predictions about the dynamics of betas. For this empirical investigation, we propose an econometric specification that provides timevarying estimates of betas and relates them, non-linearly, to investor beliefs. As a by-product, we suggest proxies for investor beliefs and uncertainty that can be extracted from stock returns. The dynamics implied by the estimated parameters confirms the model's prediction that value and growth betas have opposing sensitivity to the levels of uncertainty.


Background: Chronic pain is a complex phenomenon that engenders both physical and psychological hardship. There are currently few treatment regimens or medical interventions that reliably eliminate chronic pain. Hope has been considered as an important therapeutic factor in health and illness. Current literature on the impact of hope in health and illness suggests that the presence of hope facilitates adjustment to an adverse event, is necessary for survival, and can be associated with a better quality of life. The aim of this review is to explore the current literature on hope as an intervention for chronic pain. Methods: A comprehensive review of current literature on hope and chronic pain was undertaken. Several databases were used (incorporating EBSCO, MEDLINE, PUBMED). Articles were included if they reported a study: (I) exploring outcomes of hope as an intervention for chronic pain; (II) reported on hope specifically and not related concepts; (III) included a measurement of hope. Results: A total of three articles were found which fit the inclusion criteria. Each article used different tools to measure hope. This review demonstrates a gap in the literature regarding hope as a therapeutic intervention for chronic pain specifically. Conclusions: The findings of this review demonstrate that hope is influenced by several patient factors and has a positive impact on patients with chronic pain. The current literature supports the usefulness of hope as a therapeutic intervention for not only chronic pain but many chronic illnesses.


Tailoring the magnetic properties of interfaces with light element materials is very promising for achieving energy-efficient spintronic devices. Here, the magnetic properties of SiC/Fe4N(111) interfaces with different stacking patterns and interlayer distances are investigated by first-principles calculations. It is found that the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of SiC/Fe4N(111) interfaces decreases when compared with the clean Fe4N(111) surface, where it decreases by 28.5% in the model where the C atom is directly above the corner Fe atom. The change in magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) can be mainly ascribed to the surface and subsurface Fe atomic layers of the Fe4N substrate, while the deep atomic layers show little contribution. Moreover, the interlayer distance can reverse the sign of MAE and the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction at the interfacial Fe atomic layer. The MAE of the face-centered Fe (FeB) atom is sensitive to the interlayer distance, indicating that FeB atoms play a key role in the interfacial properties. These results indicate that interlayer distance engineering is an effective method to manipulate the magnetic properties of interfaces.


The aim of this study was to find the optimal level of urea-zeolite supplementation in the substrate on rumen fermentation products and digestion in vitro. Testing the solubility level of urea-zeolite at a ratio of 1: 1 and 1: 2 in rumen fluid based on N-NH3 levels was carried out at the fermentation time of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours. Completely randomized design was used in this research with urea-zeolite supplementation treatment (0.2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% of dry matter (DM) substrate). Substrate composed of corn sugarcane silage and concentrate with DM ratio was 70%: 30%. The variables measured were rumen fermentation products (pH, VFA, and N-NH3), DM and organic matter (OM) digestibility. The results showed that the solubility of urea-zeolite in rumen fluid at the same ratio of 1: 1 and 1: 2, the highest at 4 hours fermentation time of 40.81% and 39.13% and after 4 hours was stable. Urea-zeolite supplementation (ratio 1: 2) on the substrate has no effect (P> 0.01) on the pH of the liquid. N-NH3 fermentation products increased (P <0.01) linearly with increasing levels of urea-zeolite supplementation. The total VFA product and the degradation of dry matter were highly significant (P <0.01) influenced by urea-zeolite supplementation and were optimal at 6% and 4% DM substrate supplementation, respectively. DM and OM digestibility was highly significant (P <0.01) influenced by urea-zeolite supplementation and was optimal at the 6% BK substrate level. It was concluded that the use of urea-zeolite as a supplement in the substrate could increase fermentation products and digestibility in vitro


In this paper we examine the volatility dynamics of cross-listed stocks. Specifically, we study deviations in volatility between a sample of Swedish stocks listed on the OMX Stockholm 30 Index (OMXS30) with Stockholmsborsen (SSB, the Stockholm stock exchange) as their home market, and their corresponding DRs listed on Frankfurter Wertpapierborse (FWB, the Frankfurt Stock Exchange). The main question we seek to answer is; Are there differences in volatility for DRs on the FWB and their underlying shares traded on SSB?
We use an EGARCH model to estimate volatility for the Swedish stocks trading on SSB and their corresponding DRs traded on FWB. In contrast to the Efficient Market Hypothesis and the LOP theory, we find significant differences in volatility both on an individual and collective basis. In particular, volatility is higher for DRs traded on the FWB. According to our results this finding is not merely a consequence of higher relative expected returns for DRs. In fact, our results indicate that risk adjusted returns are higher in Stockholm. Thus, investors considering investing in Swedish cross-listed companies should evaluate the risk-return relationship between DRs and the home market shares. We further discuss potential theoretical explanations, for example the bid-ask spread, of the divergence in volatility and leave for future research to empirically investigate the impact of the mentioned reasons.


Background: The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been associated with atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF) and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in...


Objective Observe effect of ultra early stereotactic operation in treatment of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, for clinical reference. Methods Choose 120 cases from Feb. 2008 to Jan. 2012 in our hospital as research object, random grouping. Control group was treated with traditional craniotomy operation in super early stage, observation group was treated with stereotactic operation. Compared the two groups with nervous function defect score and the difference in complication rate. Results Compared with control group, observation group of neural function defect score was significantly lower, lower complication rates, with significant statistical difference(P0.05). Conclusion Ultra stereotactic operation in treatment of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, clinical curative effect, less complications, which can promote the rehabilitation of patients.


The generation of fuzzy rule base and rule extraction are efficient approaches to enhance the performance of fuzzy rule system. Here, we propose a novel fuzzy neural network structure that can be used for rule extraction. First of all, inspired by the compactly combined fuzzy rule base (CoCo-FRB) and fully combined fuzzy rule base (FuCo-FRB), we develop a new fuzzy rule base, compromise fuzzy rule base (CmPm-FRB), which generates rules by cutting off the long rules and compensating the short ones. In addition, Group Lasso penalty is utilized in the objective function with the rule threshold to produce sparsity in rules in a grouped manner for rule extraction. However, as the Group Lasso penalty is not differentiable at the origin, a tiny bias term is added to the gradient formula to achieve the smoothness. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model, extensive experiments are conducted on ten classification data sets. The empirical results explicitly demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model for classification problems.


Using teaching material creatively mainly represents handling teaching material flexibly and utilizing courses resources synthetically and in reason To get this point, teacher should be conscious of the course, making sure about why the author writes the material and the purpose of teaching, trying to avoid formalization and extremeness Teacher's specialization will improve very fast when using teaching material creatively


The migration of health professionals, especially doctors, from the developing (third) world to the developed (first) world has caused much guilty rumination in the host countries, and lamentation in the donor countries. Accusations of immoral 'poaching' have been levied, non-poaching treaties have been proposed and financial compensation has been suggested as a remedy.

In all of this uproar, the doctors concerned have made sporadic attempts, in the correspondence columns of journals like the BMJ and the Lancet, to explain their decisions.1,2 Less thought has been given to the historical background, and indeed the historical inevitability, of this phenomenon.

Researching the migration motives of one group of medical migrants led me, a South African medical graduate who migrated to Australia, to consider what common factors might have led these tens of thousands of doctors to leave home and hearth, family and friends, colleagues and careers.


Evaporation residue (ER) production from several isotopes of Sn and Te bombarding Ni targets at energies near and below the Coulomb barrier was measured. Measured ER data were compared with the predictions of sub‐barrier fusion calculated in a WKB approximation. These comparisons are used to study effects of neutron excess and neutron transfer on the sub‐barrier fusion cross sections for reactions induced by heavy nuclei.


The effect of treatment on maintenance of remission was examined in 90 patients with healed duodenal ulcer shown by endoscopy. They were randomized to take treatment for 6 months with a prostagland in synthetase promoter (263E) 500 mg three times daily or cimetidine 400 mg at night or an identical placebo. Sixty‐five patients completed the trial or had a relapse of symptoms. The percentage of patients who had recurrent ulcers or duodenitis alone on endoscopy was 29% on 263E, 36% with cimetidine, and 50% on placebo. These figures did not differ significantly. Trials of this design are now difficult to conduct because patients take an H2 receptor antagonist soon after recurrence of symptoms, before their next clinic appointment.


In the present work, the Total Focusing Method (TFM) is used to image flaws in coarse-grained steels with a contact phased-array probe. In order to reduce the noise introduced by the heterogeneous structure, as well as artifacts due to surface guided waves, the Decomposition of the Time Reversal Operator method is performed before calculating TFM images.


Clinically applied bioartificial liver (BAL) support systems are difficult to compare with regard to overall hepatocyte-specific function and clinical outcome. We compared two clinically applied BAL systems, the Modular Extracorporeal Liver Support (MELS) CellModule and the AMC-bioartificial liver (AMC-BAL), in an in vitro set-up. Both BAL systems were loaded with 10 billion freshly isolated porcine hepatocytes, cultured for 7 days and tested on day 1, 2, 4 and 7. Average decrease in hepatocyte-specific functions over 7 days was 9.7%. Three parameters differed between both bioreactors: lidocaine elimination at day 1 and 2 was significantly higher in the AMC-BAL, ammonia elimination showed a significantly higher trend for the AMC-BAL over 7 days and LDH release was significantly lower at day 7 for the MELS CellModule. In conclusion, this first in vitro comparison of two clinically applied BAL systems shows comparable functional capacity over a period of 7 days.


Abstract Alkyl-and aryl-sulfides can be selectively oxidated to their corresponding sulfoxides with excellent yields under mild conditions by [hydroxy (tosyloxy)iodo]benzene. Morever, [hydroxy (((+)-10-camphorosulfonyl)oxy)iodo]benzene as the chiral oxidizer, can be used to oxidate unsymmetric sulfides to sulfoxides with a few %ee to some extent.


Production risk and marketing risks are considered as critical factors in shaping farm decisions. This study is concerned with assessing crop risk rating by farmers and its impact on their crop portfolio choice. 392 farmers who were selected using "Multi-stage Random Sampling" technique and qualitative data from focus group discussions were employed in the analysis. The risk rating was done using a three-stage rank and Ordinary Least Square econometric regression was applied to identify the determinant factors. The study found sorghum, teff, onion and mung bean as major crops covering 95% of the total cultivated land. Results from descriptive statistics revealed that 73% of the respondents prioritize marketing over consumption in their crop choice decisions. Mung bean was identified as a riskier crop while onion risk rating showed higher variation among respondents. Findings on determinants of riskiness of the farmers' crop portfolio choice showed that livestock ownership, education and number of crop types found positively associated with riskier crop portfolio while irrigation use and gender of the household head associate with portfolio riskiness negatively. The major contribution of this study is its explicit treatment of farmers own risk rating and farmers also rated crops not grown by them. The key policy implication is that to manage marketing issue better and achieve optimal crop choice, there is a need to develop marketing insurance and promote pre-contract for riskier crops. Keywords: Risk variation, consumption decision, contract, farm household, insurance


The purpose of this article is to raise awareness of the lack of appropriate counselling and psychotherapy for people with intellectual disability. There has been limited research on the topic due to clinicians' bias, lack of knowledge about disability issues, and the failure of the counselling and psychotherapy profession to train new graduates in their understanding of disability issues as part of cultural competence and diversity. As a result mental health services for this population have been limited to behaviour modification, reflecting the predominance of medical model of disability. In contrast, the less emphasised social model of disability, reflecting the notion that people with intellectual disability are a minority group is discussed. The literature on the benefits of providing counselling and psychotherapy for people with intellectual disability is reviewed. With a case study, I have demonstrated the benefits of using an integrated approach to counselling and psychotherapy with people with intellectual disabilities using a combination of person-centred and behaviour therapies. Introduction As a Social Worker with extensive experience in the Disability Sector, Community Mental Health, Child Welfare, and more recently in Trauma Counselling, and as a mother of an early teenage daughter with intellectual disability, I am very aware of the need to provide counselling and psychotherapy for people with intellectual disability (ID) in trauma and loss and grief issues. However, I have only experienced a few counsellors with knowledge of disability and who can provide adequate service for this population. I have become increasingly aware of the difficulty people with intellectual disability face when accessing counselling to help deal with their traumatic issues. This paper will present two real life stories and a case study of people with ID in need of counselling, and discuss the ethical issues that arise from the stories and study. It will explore what can be done about them, and discuss the way forward for the field. The two case narratives illustrate the problems resulting from the use of inappropriate therapy and the lack of knowledge of ID by the therapist. The case study demonstrates the benefits of using an integrated approach to therapy and supports the need for the counsellor to have knowledge of the issues faced by people with ID. Nartey P. (2007) Ethical issues in counselling and psychotherapy with people with intellectual disability, Counselling, Psychotherapy, and Health, 3(2), 1-12. 2 Narrative 1 I was the co-ordinator of a community organisation that provided in-home support for people with mental health issues and people with disabilities. One of my clients with ID, a 35 years old woman who I will name Sally lived in a group home. She was supported by the organization with meal preparation. A neighbour's son sexually assaulted Sally when she was visiting her aged mother. She was so traumatised by the ordeal that she was afraid to visit her mother, and then got distressed and became aggressive towards staff. The house manager sent Sally to a Counselling Psychologist for therapy. To my disappointment, after the initial assessment the counsellor prescribed strategies for behaviour modification for Sally. Narrative 2 Another example of the difficulties in accessing counselling for people with intellectual disability occurred with Joe, a 40 years old man with Down syndrome and consequent ID. Joe's aged mother who was his sole carer suffered a 'stroke' and was admitted into a nursing home. Joe went to live with his sister and her family. Sadly he could not cope with the loss of his mother and his home, and took out his frustration on his young nephews. Joe's sister sent him to a counsellor who only gave her strategies to help modify Joe's behaviour. When the counsellor was told that Joe needed loss and grief counselling he said he had no skills in counselling people with intellectual disabilities. As a counsellor or psychotherapist, what do you think is the problem in each story? Are you able to help Sally or Joe? If so what therapeutic approach and technique would you use? Are there any ethical concerns about the attitudes of the counsellors in the stories? If so why and why not? Both Sally and Joe experienced some symptoms of depression and anxiety such as anger, fear, sadness, confusion, sleep disturbance, overeating, crying spells, headache, shortness of breath, shaking and vomiting. However the counsellors were only concerned about the clients' aggressive behaviour. This overlooked the cause of their behaviour and thus did not assist Sally to work through her traumatic stress after the rape, and Joe to grieve the loss of his mother. The Issue of Medical Model Versus Social Model Conceptualisation and perspectives of intellectual disability Intellectual Disability (ID) is defined by the American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR), as a disability that originates before the age of 18 years, and is characterised by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour, as expressed in conceptual, social and practical adaptive skills (Luckasson et al, 2002). This definition reflects the World Health Organisation (WHO) and United Nations recommendation and endorsement of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a framework for conceptualising disability (AIHW, 2003). It should be noted that the use of the term 'mental retardation' for intellectual disability is inappropriate and reflects the medical model, which will be discussed later on. Nartey P. (2007) Ethical issues in counselling and psychotherapy with people with intellectual disability, Counselling, Psychotherapy, and Health, 3(2), 1-12. 3 The AAMR classification system uses Intelligent Quotient (IQ) tests to measure intellectual functioning and categorised the scores into levels such as: mild (55-70), moderate (40-55), severe (25-40) and profound (below 25 points). Impaired adaptive behaviour is also classified into levels of mild, moderate, severe and profound. However, adaptive behaviour is difficult to classify so the AAMR manual provided a broad description of skills for each of the four areas of functioning (independent functioning, physical skills, communication skills and social skills) according to age. There have been two models used to describe intellectual disability: medical or clinical, and social models (WHO, 2002; Cocks, 1998). The perspective of the medical model is that the disability is a condition or disease within the person. In contrast the social model locates the disablement in the environment and in society that fails to appropriately accommodate and include people with disabilities (Olkin, 2002). The medical model has been used to described people with intellectual disabilities since the 19 century and the emphasis was on curing them. Thus the historical link between health and mental health service, and people with intellectual disabilities that has contributed to thousands of people with intellectual disabilities locked up in large hospital-like institutions in Australia where their social needs were not addressed (Cocks, 1998). Due to the Rights Movement of the early 1980s, the paradigm shifted from the medical model to the social model whereby people with ID have the right to live in the community, be included and participate in social activities, and have access to information and services like any other minority group (Olkin, 2002). Review of the literature on the benefits of providing counselling and psychotherapy for people with intellectual disability As with the general population, people with intellectual disability are referred for and seek out counselling and psychotherapy for various reasons. Some of these reasons are for grief and loss issues, interpersonal traumatic experiences as a result of exposure to the 'freedoms and dangers of society' (Lynch, 2004), issues with transition to community living, and mental health disorders like depression and anxiety. However mental health clinicians by and large continue to neglect this area of practice (Lynch, 2004) as in the past mental health services to this population has been limited to cognitive appraisal and behaviour modification (Baroff, 1986). There is not much literature on the provision of counselling and psychotherapy to people with an intellectual disability. I conducted a literature search from Medline, CSA Illumina, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and EBSCOhost and found few articles on the topic, but most of which were published in the America Journal on Mental Retardation, Mental Retardation, Research in Developmental Studies and Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, and only few in Psychology or Counselling and Psychotherapy journals. Although the idea that counselling and psychotherapy can be effective for people with intellectual disability has been increasingly accepted, concerns have been expressed regarding the lack of empirically sound research (Butz, Bowling and Bliss, 2000; and Lynch, 2003). Butz, Bowling and Bliss (2000), asserted that most clinicians avoid addressing the mental health needs of people with ID because of lack of research and clinical study of the topic. Nezu and Nezu (1994 p.34) refer to the available literature Nartey P. (2007) Ethical issues in counselling and psychotherapy with people with intellectual disability, Counselling, Psychotherapy, and Health, 3(2), 1-12. 4 addressing counselling and psychotherapy with people with ID as "sorely lacking". A recent study conducted by McCabe, McGilivray and Newton (2006) on a small sample concluded that intervention programs are effective for the treatment of depression among people with ID. Baroff (1986) conducted a research on the topic and found out that both individual and group psychotherapy are undoubtly therapeutic for people with ID. He asserted that through therapy clients are able to 'discharge t


This paper aims to empirically understand individual decisions to take health related preventive actions. The model includes not only economic factors, but also social and medical characteristics. We find a positive impact of income and schooling in the probability of doing prevention. We also conclude that women do more prevention than men, and that smokers do less prevention than non smokers. This information is relevant for the decision maker, as identifying critical factors about prevention allows for a better programming and resource allocation for specific policies. There is no evidence to sustain the theoretical prediction of ex-ante moral hazard.


f02gcc nag complex eigensystem sel f02gcc 1. Purpose nag complex eigensystem sel f02gcc computes selected eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a complex general matrix. 2. Speciication include nag.hh include nagf02.hh aannntdaa Note: The rst dimension of a must be at least 1. Input: the n by n general matrix A. Output: a contains the Hessenberg form of the balanced input matrix A 0 see Section 6. tda Input: the last dimension of the array a as declared in the calling program. Constraint: tda max 1,n. wl wu Input: w l and w u , the lower and upper bounds on the criterion for the selected eigenvalues.


In order to make the shell production automatically and efficiently, reduce the injury to the worker's health caused by the harmful dust, this paper describes an automatic shell production line controlled by PC and PLC. The executive body of the shell production line is robots, PLC transmits signals between robot and PC. The new automatic shell production line can not only stucco but also possess the features of smooth operation for shell making and reliable use and low noise. It has been proved that the shells automatic production line has improved production efficiency, reduce the contact with harmful environment of manipulators greatly, and make the production process are controlled well and safely.


Human's direct supervision on robot's erroneous behavior is crucial to enhance a robot intelligence for a 'flawless' human-robot interaction. Motivating humans to engage more actively for this purpose is however difficult. To alleviate such strain, this research proposes a novel approach, a growth and regression metaphoric interaction design inspired from human's communicative, intellectual, social competence aspect of developmental stages. We implemented the interaction design principle unto a conversational agent combined with a set of synthetic sensors. Within this context, we aim to show that the agent successfully encourages the online labeling activity in response to the faulty behavior of robots as a supervision process. The field study is going to be conducted to evaluate the efficacy of our proposal by measuring the annotation performance of real-time activity events in the wild. We expect to provide a more effective and practical means to supervise robot by real-time data labeling process for long-term usage in the human-robot interaction.


The publication in 1999 of Victor Klemperer's diaries for the years 1945–1959 provides a fascinating insight into the way in which he sought to accommodate his personal and academic position in East Germany to the demands of a social and political system to which he had only reluctantly committed himself in the view that it was the lesser of two evils when compared with what he believed to be the threatening re-emergence of Fascism in West Germany. In particular, the publication history of the notorious 'Zion-Kapitel' of his most famous book, LTI. Notizbuch eines Philologen, is one of several case studies illustrating how Klemperer learned to cultivate and maintain his personal and professional profile as an academic in the German Democratic Republic by adapting to and, where necessary, exploiting the exigencies of a foreign and domestic policy effectively dictated by the USSR. Klemperer's determination to distinguish between anti-Zionism and anti-Semitism is also of particular relevance today.


The States of Arabian Peninsula are now going through a challenging period of their history. The history of Arab states have never been easy. The current period of political turbulence is associated with military and political conflicts in the Middle Eastern region, especially in Syria and Yemen. The current situation takes an extremely serious turn. At the beginning of the 21st century, Riyadh's political confronted a set of conditions that encompasses the Arab people's existential problems. There is an obvious trend that can hardly be assessed as advantageous due to the fact that this problem will naturally create background for the essential convergence of the interests of the Arab regional space's different segments that will exist in the new political realm. In the early 21st century rapid changes and important events occurred in the world politics, and in the Eastern part of the Arab-Muslim world alike. The Saudi monarchy has no doubt that the foreign policy schemes are fragile and for this reason it looks toward diversifying its foreign policy.


Along with the increasing socialization and complexity of social life since the 20th century,social law and public law began to arise steeply and to prosper dramatically,which introduced the civil law of continent law system into three dilemmas,namely,the contradictions between personalization and socialization,between privatization and publication,and between formalization and materialization.Faced with the extension and prosperity of social law and public law,civil law must primarily work out these three dilemmas,which has constituted the whole history of the civil law in the 20th century.Although the struggle between civil law and social law and public law has not come to an end,the experiences and tendencies of civil law in the 20th century have offered Chinese valuable treasures in their path to codification.


Computers, televisions, and smartphones are revolutionized by the invention of InGaN blue light‐emitting diode (LED) backlighting. Yet, continual exposure to the intense blue LED emission from these modern displays can cause insomnia and mood disorders. Developing "human‐centric" backlighting that uses a violet‐emitting LED chip and a trichromatic phosphor mixture to generate color images is one approach that addresses this problem. The challenge is finding a blue‐emitting phosphor that possesses a sufficiently small Stokes' shift to efficiently down‐convert violet LED light and produce a narrow blue emission. This work reports a new oxynitride phosphor that meets this demand. K3AlP3O9N:Eu2+ exhibits an unexpectedly narrow (45 nm, 2206 cm−1), thermally robust, and efficient blue photoluminescence upon violet excitation. Computational modeling and temperature‐dependent optical property measurements reveal that the narrow emission arises from a rare combination of preferential excitation and site‐selective quenching. The resulting chromaticity coordinates of K3AlP3O9N:Eu2+ lie closer to the vertex of the Rec. 2020 than a blue LED chip and provides access to ≈10% more colors than a commercial tablet when combined with commercial red‐ and green‐emitting phosphors. Alongside the wide gamut, tuning the emission from the violet LED and phosphor blend can reduce blue light emissions to produce next‐generation, human‐centric displays.


"From Utilitarianism To Kantism: Bentham's Proof of Utilitarianism, Mill and Kant" by Jose de Sousa e Brito Abstract According to Richard Hare: "the formal, logical properties of the moral words, the understanding of which we owe above all to Kant, yield a system of moral reasoning whose conclusions have a content identical with that of a certain kind of utilitarianism". This paper invites to take the same road in opposite direction: from utilitarianism to Kantism. Bentham has given different formulations of the principle of utility and also tried in different ways to prove it. In his later writings, some of them unpublished, he makes a distinction between two senses of the principle of utility: the exegetic or expository and the deontological or censorial. They are indeed two different principles leading to different results, one egoistic, altruistic the other. The legislator ought to make them artificially coincide by using the proper sanctions. Mill's proof of the principle is a misleading attempt to derive the deontological from the expository sense. We find in Bentham three types of proof of the deontological principle of utilitarianism: a trancendental, an ideal social contract and an impartial arbiter one. They bring Bentham closer to Kant than usually admitted.


Resumen: On 27 June, four men from the South Africa town of Cradock left the coastal city of Port Elizabeth. Among the four was popular teacher and anti-apartheid activist Matthew Goniwe. The only people who would ever see the again would be their killers, members of the South Africa Police (SAP). The identities of the killers would remain hidden for well more than a decade, when the killers applied for amnesty through the Truth and Reconciliation (TRC), which the Government of National Unity had established after the apartheid government gave way to a multiracial democracy. This article focuses in particular on a culture of deniability that emerged during the 1980s. In the course of the investigations of the killing of Goniwe and his colleagues, journalists uncovered "Die Sein" (Afrikaans for "The Signal"), which called for "the permanent removal from society" of Goniwe. When pressed, officials of the state and security forces insisted that there were many ways to interpret Die Sein and that the document did not necessarily call for Goniwe's death. This followed a pattern in which South African officials had stretched the limits of credulity in asserting that similar words and phrases did not mean what the security forces nonetheless always took them to mean. Palabras clave: anti-apartheid, Cradock,


During the secondary seismic exploration in the maturing oil field, due to the complex ground conditions, well-pump noise strongly reduced the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and affected the subsequent application of seismic data. At present, deep learning is mainly used in suppressing random noise and ground-roll noise. Due to the obvious difference between the features of well-pump noise with random noise and ground roll, the existing deep learning seismic denoising method, which only extracts the features on one scale, is not suitable for the suppression of well-pump noise. Therefore, we adopted the coarse-to-fine denoise strategy and presented a new method using multilayer generator network (MLGnet) to suppress well-pump coherent noise. In the proposed method, the network mainly consists of multilayer encoder–decoder architecture, which could combine different layer feature information to obtain accurate denoised results. Meanwhile, we split the noisy seismic data into multiple patches in each layer, which could effectively expand the receiving range of denoising network and extract more useful features from well-pump noise. In this way, the proposed network can effectively utilize the multiscale semantic information to suppress well-pump noise from seismic data. Experimental results on synthetic data and field data illustrated that our approach could obtain high-quality denoised results and retain the valid data to the greatest extent, compared with denoising CNN (DnCNN) and generative adversarial network (GAN).


The determination of significant changes (if any) in the quantities of refuse from Wards 17 and 25, City of Chicago, as a result of initiation in 1966 of twice-a-week pickup service in approximately one-third of the living units serviced is studied A method for making comparisons based on information from similar neighborhoods and identical time periods was developed and used in the analysis. For Ward 25, the average quantity of refuse collected for twice-a-week pickup service was approximately one-third greater than that for once-a-week service. For Ward 17, the gain in the quantity of refuse per living unit per week was equal to approximately 60%.


Social networks tend to contain some amount of randomness and some amount of non-randomness. The amount of randomness versus non-randomness affects the properties of a social network. In this paper, we theoretically analyze graph randomness and present a framework which provides a series of non-randomness measures at levels of edge, node, and the overall graph. We show that graph nonrandomness can be obtained mathematically from the spectra of the adjacency matrix of the network. We also derive the upper bound and lower bound of non-randomness value of the overall graph. We conduct both theoretical and empirical studies in spectral geometries of social networks and show our proposed non-randomness measures can better characterize and capture graph randomness than previous measures.


Light–matter interactions in the deep-ultraviolet (DUV) wavelength region exhibit a variety of optical effects such as luminescence, photoisomerization, and polymerization in many materials. Despit...


The focused on the meta-analysis of studies on effects of instructional approaches on students' academic achievement in chemistry. The study performed a meta-analysis of results from the experimental studies that examined the effect of teaching method/ strategies on academic achievement in chemistry, so as to arrive at the approach that had largest effect. size. Three research questions and five hypotheses guided this study. Ex post facto design was adopted for the study. Government owned universities in South East of Nigeria that offer chemistry in the Department of Science Education were used for the studies .The population of the study consisted of all unpublished previous studies on effect of teaching methods/ strategies on students' achievement in chemistry. A sample of 44 studies with 45 approaches carried out in Nigeria between 2000 to 2018 purposively drawn from four universities was used for this study. The random effects model was adopted. Descriptive statistics, statistical transformations and effect sizes were used to analyze the data for the research questions while the Winer combined test was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 levels of significance. The findings of the study showed that the overall mean effect of instructional approaches on students' achievement in chemistry are respectively significant at 0.05 levels. The findings also revealed that meta-cognitive instructional strategies (MIS-0.730), computer Aided instruction (CAI-0.715), inquiry based teaching methods(IBTM-0.650), and cooperative learning (CL0.620) had large effect sizes but meta-cognitive instructional strategies (MIS) has the largest effect size on achievement. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that students in teacher training institutions and the already serving teachers should be trained in the approach of using metacognitive instructional strategies in teaching chemistry through seminars, workshops, conferences and in-service programmes.


Persistent systems manage main memory as a cache for efficient access to frequently-accessed persistent data. Good cache management requires some knowledge of the semantics of the applications running against it. We are attacking the performance problems of persistence for Java through analysis, profiling, and optimisation of Java classes and methods executing in an orthogonally persistent setting. Knowledge of application behaviour is derived through analysis and profiling, and applied by both a static bytecode transformer and the run-time system to optimise the actions of Java programs as they execute against persistent storage. Our prototype will unify distinct persistence optimisations within a single optimisation framework, deriving its power from treatment of the entire persistent application, consisting of both program code and data stored in the database, for wholeapplicationanalysis, profiling and optimisation.


Abstract The search for renewable energies has been stimulating the production of ethanol, which can be produced by using agro-industrial waste as substrates for fermentation. The aim of this inves...


The thermodynamic factor in diffusion in the L12-type non-stoichiometric intermetallic compounds Ni3Ga and Pt3In was derived from the experimentally measured activities of Ga and In,respectively.The results show that the thermodynamic factor in diffusion in the Ni3Ga and Pt3In compounds exhibits the maximum near the stoichiometric composition with the variation of composition over the compound region.The values indicate strong interaction between Ni and Ga atoms,as well as Pt and In atoms,respectively,as expected in ordered alloys.


We have reexamined several high-accuracy Gaussian-2, complete basis set and density functional methods for computational thermochemistry (in order of increasing speed): G2, G2(MP2), CBS-Q, G2(MP2,SVP), CBS-q, CBS-4, and B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p). We have employed ΔfH2980 for the "extended G2 neutral test set" for this comparison. Several errors in previous studies have been corrected and experimental spin-orbit interactions have been included in all calculated atomic energies. The mean absolute deviations from experiment are 1.43, 1.76, 1.19, 1.64, 2.34, 2.66, and 3.43 kcal/mol, respectively. The maximum deviations from experiment are 10.6, 8.8, 8.1, 9.4, 11.4, 12.9, and 24.1 kcal/mol respectively. The species responsible for these maximum errors are in order: SiF4, SiF4, Cl2C=CCl2, F2C=CF2, ClF3, ClF3, and SiCl4. All seven methods have relatively large errors for bonds to halogens, but these errors are sufficiently systematic to benefit from empirical corrections. After a discussion of ill conditioning in th...


NdFeB magnets have been fabricated from a mixture of powder NdFeB (MPQ-B+) and epoxy resins (ER) with a variation of 0% wt, 2% wt, 4% wt and 6% wt. The pellets samples were made by pressing 4 tons of the mixture powder at room temperature before curing at 100°C for 1 hour. The SEM-EDX results showed the microstructure with ER were evenly smeared the NdFeB magnetic particles due to higher percent C and lower transition metals value. Sample with 2% wt epoxy resin was able to achieve the highest density of 5.35 g/cm3 and the highest magnetic flux of 2121 Gauss. The magnetic properties characterization using the permagraph indicates that the sample pellets with 2% wt epoxy resin has a value of remanence (Br) = 4.92 kG, coercivity (Hc) = 7.76 kOe, and energy product (Bhmax) = 4.58 MGOe. Despite low remanence value in the pellet samples, the resistance to demagnetization value was still acceptable.