The lodging industry has witnessed the growth of the budget segment. This has been successful in recent years and rapid expansion has occurred in Korea. Despite the evident of growth, few prior studies have attempted to track the development of this sector and there appears to be little understanding of the determinants of preference and patterns for this market. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influential factors for preference in medium and low-priced lodging facilities. To achieve the purpose of this research, it is carried out a theoretical analysis on decisive factors for the accommodation by reviewing and analyzing the pervious studies and as the results, 5 factors are identified. The findings included that each type of accommodation has different influential variables. Inn and pension were affected by image and information service. Home-stay segment was influenced by human service and image. Moreover, people who has more experience preferred to use the same accommodation rather than inexperienced people. Furthermore, intergroup preferences are distinguished from future using intention. Also, high preferences of accommodations would affect to the future decision making. To meet changing needs, consistent marketing efforts and maintenance are the important issues for this sector.


Abstract : A test bed is described for the evaluation of timescale algorithms. Test results for two algorithms (AT1 and KAS-1) using simulated data are presented. Both algorithms are optimum in the sense that, with the appropriate selection of clock weights, they are able to produce an output with minimum squared time prediction error in steady state for ensembles of clocks whose noises are all proportional to the noise of one of the members. The KAS-1 algorithm is also optimum during known transients such as startup, utilizes robust outlier detection, and has the property of time continuity. As a result of these improvements, KAS-1 is more suited to automated operation. Neither algorithm is optimum at all sampling times for ensembles of clocks having radically different noise processes. The KAS-1 algorithm and a clock simulator, both representing a new Kalman-filter approach, are documented herein.


Hydrogen-methane mixtures draw attention due to an idea of injection of hydrogen into natural gas network, thus lowering the need of huge investing in development of hydrogen infrastructure. Extraction of hydrogen from dilute mixtures with natural gas differs from traditional separations, since hydrogen concentration is low. Due to selective absorption of hydrogen from the feed, epy metal hydrides purification achieves high values of separation efficiency. We have experimentally demonstrated successful separation of the hydrogen (10%) – methane (90%) mixture at inlet pressure 9.5 bar by the LaNi4.8Mn0.3Fe0.1 intermetallic compound in one step with roundtrip (absorption/desorption) hydrogen recovery 74% and absorption hydrogen recovery 76%.


This article focuses on how mode and genre shaped the formal and narrative possibilities in The Tripods (BBC, 1984–5). It explores how the first and second series are substantially different from each other and offers an approach that attempts to explain the complex ways in which generic boundaries are made to operate within television. Such an approach can offer insight into how modifications in mode were a desire to replace an existing but ailing show, Doctor Who (BBC, 1963–) with one that would be successful because it fitted the existing industrial model of televisual flow. However, The Tripods ultimately failed because it deployed a strategy of visual distinction in contravention of the prevailing industrial televisual model. The regulation of form can be shown to be historically specific on British television, and the article examines assumptions regarding the fluidity of genre in this particular medium. The modification of The Tripods from an adventure show that addressed a general television audie...


Realism about the existence of asset markets, ontological realism, refers to the structure and the operation of asset markets. Implicit answers to such questions lie in the foundations of the predictions and explanations that are produced by models of quantitative finance. The need for philosophical inquiry arises because such essential presuppositions are rarely made explicit. Some financial economists suggest that there exist unobservable quantities such as volatility and risk aversion; some suggest that there are causal connections in derivatives markets such as the causal effect of credit ratings in the valuation of credit default swaps; some suggest that market outcomes can be reduced to the activities of individuals such as the buyer and the seller of an asset; another suggestion is that asset prices follow patterns of constant intertemporal structure. Financial engineers may hold explicit or implicit beliefs on these matters and these beliefs bear a profound influence on the nature of scientific endeavor in quantitative finance as well as its explanatory and predictive performance; we need to explore what we are realist about in quantitative finance.


In a perturbative calculation we show that no new quadrilinear counterterms are necessary to define the Federbush model if one imposes gauge symmetry of the first kind and asymptotic g/sup 5/ invariance. A subtraction scheme satisfying these conditions is constructed and renormalization-group properties of the Green's functions are analyzed.


Mobile phones have currently become an essential part of human's social life because of their potential benefits in communication. There are many useful services that have already been provided by mobile phones, such as the personal digital assistant function that allows users to effectively manage their daily tasks, alarm clock, emails, instant messaging, camera and windows media, etc. That's why most people carry their mobile phones everywhere with them. Besides the common features that currently are available on mobile phones, it would be nice if they could integrate more capabilities, especially the capability of image recognition. One of the benefits that 'mobile image recognition' can bring to us is that in our life sometimes we can't remember or retrieve the name of some places, fruits, herbs, flowers and these sort of things. For instance, when we approach a flower, we observe it and we become curious and then we want to find some information about that flower. This can be accomplished by using an image recognition service on our mobile phones. Therefore, the challenge of this research is to develop a mobile application that utilizes the camera feature on the mobile phone which is integrated with SOA-Services Oriented Architecture through the internet network. Moreover, we also improve recognition accuracy and provide fast image searching using the GPS to categorize the data as indexed.


This book aims to assess the effectiveness of the global anti-money laundering regime (in short, AML). It focus is on the policy and practice of AML in the US, but there are also comparisons with AML provisions in other countries (primarily EU member states). Reuter and Truman start with an attempt to assess the amount of money that is being laundered. Next, they give an overview of the laundering methods that are being used, and the specific backgrounds of the launderers. They then go into the workings of the AML regime, both at the global and national level. The authors continue their analysis by looking at the three goals of the AML regime: 1) combating/fighting predatory crimes, 2) protecting the integrity of financial systems and 3) combating global 'public bads'. They finish with clear conclusions and recommendations for improving the AML regime.


We consider a nonlinear (in the sense of McKean) Markov process described by a stochastic differential equations in Rd. We prove the existence and uniqueness of invariant measures of such process.


1. IntroductionWhen they get into one of the many Bulgarian museum exhibitions related to the National Revival, many of our countrymen need a detailed explanation of some of the special vocabulary, for which the guides, of course, are prepared. Today it is difficult for a young person to get an idea as to what 'chardak' veranda or 'chekrak' wooden spinning wheels are, without an ostensive definition, i.e. indication of their material denotation.But generally speaking, the Bulgarian museum visitors know the cultural context of the national Revival. This background allows them to grasp the concepts and terms for which there are almost no semantic denotations in today's reality.From the perspective of their communicative capacity, the texts presenting the cultural heritage of Bulgarian Revival (henceforth referred to as TBCH, for the sake of brevity) are the source of even more serious difficulties when the presentation is done in a foreign language; the more so when the speakers of that language lack the cultural competence on the paradigm of the Bulgarian Revival. My personal experience of translation and editing TBCH in English leads me to the conclusion that it is only the translator's intercultural competence with regard to both civilization models that will render the text communicatively functional. Actually, in this case, the translator encounters the same difficulties as in the translation of fiction, in at least two areas:1. at the syntactic level of the language, as statements may carry connotations like in belles-lettres, i.e. they cannot be attributed to the purely 'academic discourse' of N. Fairclough (2006: 6);2. in the vocabulary, where, as in other spheres of the Bulgarian cultural heritage, the choice of a word can make the text communicative or contrariwise.The Bulgarian National Revival (18th - 19th century) is perhaps the most discussed issue of the national cultural heritage in TBCH. This fact is determined by multiple factors, such as the accessible, well-preserved and restored material heritage sites across the entire territory of the country - involving architecture, crafts, ethnography, and iconography. The need for their presentation to the foreign audience naturally presupposes the existence of multiple foreign language texts in this area. Since in this field of research, a relative consensus exists on values, periodization, stylistic classification, schools, etc. (unlike, for example, in prehistoric archeology and the heritage of Antiquity), it is not so much the subject of the academic discourse (Fairclough 2006), as of more popular genres, mostly in tourismOne of the terminologically problematic areas of English language texts in the sphere of the Bulgarian Revival is the denomination of certain institutions in that period. Our study has been facilitated by the fact that one of the unique institutions of the Bulgarian Revival, the 'chitalishte' community centre (the relevance of the English phrase will be discussed below), has proved its vitality to the present day. Further justification for the relevance of our study is the increasingly active involvement of speakers of English from Great Britain in the public life of many settlements in Bulgaria, where they permanently reside. For most of them, living in a community is one of the most positive aspects of life here: "In the UK you do not know your neighbours and your community is fragmented and broken. There is a community in Bulgaria.' (on-line version of Vagabond magazine, ). Therefore, it is the concept of 'community' that should be the key when introducing the term designating 'chitalishte' in English, TBCH, as in reality it has no signified in English.2. 'Chitalishte': a concept without a denotation in EnglishAccording to Bulgarian monolingual dictionaries, 'chitalishte' has two meanings - the institution and the building which houses it (cf


Object segmentation and classification is an important and difficult task in robotic vision. The task is complicated even further when the different objects are partially or completely occluded. Allowing a robot to take measurements from varying points of view can help in alleviating or completely removing occlusions. A robot equipped with an RGB-D sensor has the capability of searching for new and better points of view to facilitate object recognition. In this work, a motion control algorithm is designed and implemented on a mobile robot to facilitate object classification in RGB-D data of clustered objects.


Tuberculosis is still a disease of military importance. Early recognition and treatment are necessary to minimize its incidence and morbidity. Initial and periodic chest x-ray films, as well as tuberculin tests, are of great value in the discovery and prevention of infection with tubercle bacilli. The possible development of mutations does not warrant the neglect of chest x-ray films even when it may be necessary to repeat them at frequent intervals. Treatment of tuberculin converters before clinical signs are evident is believed to be warranted in the presence of known massive exposures. Effective therapy can be given in an on-duty status. Reactions of 1+ to first-strength tuberculin may return to negative under therapy. Reactions to second-strength tuberculin are likely to be positive after first-strength reactions have become negative. Under ideal circumstances, converters should be followed periodically until the second-strength reaction has been negative for at least one year.


Objective To investigate the sleep quality and the prevalence of sleep problems in people aged 18 years or over in Shandong Province.Methods In this survey,23 987 persons aged 18 years or over were sampled from Shandong province by multi-stage cluster random sampling,and 22 664(94.48%)persons completed the survey questionnaires.The sleep quality was measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),and the total score>7 was defined as having sleep problem.Results The average sleep time wag 7.9±1.4 hours in this sample.The average PSQI total score wag 3.42±3.57.with higher scores in rural people than in urban ones[(3.46±3.61)vs.(3.30±3.43);t=3.03,P<0.01],in females than in males[(3.67±3.79)vs.(3.13±3.26);P<0.01],in people aged 60 years or over (5.27±4.16)than in ones aged 40-59 years(3.63±3.61)and ones aged 18-39 years(2.25±2.61).The prevalence of sleep problems wag 13.18%.,The sleep problem wag positively associated with age,negatively with marital status and educational background(P<0.01).Conclusions Although the prevalence of sleep quality problem in the people aged 18 years or over in Shandong province is lower than that on other countries.the problem is common and can be regarded as a serious mental health problem.

Key words:
Sleep; Questionnaires; PSQI


Soy sauce is one of the fermented-soybean product that is widely used as a food flavoring. The high demand of soy sauce requires Company X, as producers, to ensure that consumer needs are always met. Therefore, it needs the help of many stakeholders, including suppliers and distributors to support the continuity of production. Since many members are involved, Company X needs to maintain the optimal performances. One of which is by applying supply chain risk management. This study aimed to identify and analyze supply chain risk in the soy sauce production process. Firstly, all activities carried out by supply chain members were mapped using Supply Chain Operational Reference (SCOR) approach. Secondly, the potential risk of these activities was analyzed using House of Risk Phase 1 (HOR-1) method. 16 risk events and 19 risk agents were identified based on SCOR approach and HOR-1 method. Following the risk identification stage, the priority rank of risks was analyzed using Aggregate Risk Priority (ARP). The results showed that there were 5 priorities of risk agents required to be mitigated, i.e. human error, misorder of product, power outage, raw materials variants, and disruptions during product transportation. This study suggests risk mitigations as follows: to give rewards, punishments, and work motivation to workers; to alter and enhance SOP of ordering, storing, distributing, and supplier cooperations; to use electricity generator during the production process; to control the quality of raw materials; and to regularly maintain the distribution vehicle.


This firm manufactures accessories, and the new building has a basement, ground floor and four storeys above it. The basements houses the air conditioning plant, changing and wash rooms, and other services. The rest of the building is devoted to manufacturing, except for most of the top storey, which is taken up with office space and rooms for social activities.
The building is diaphanous, functional and has first rate air conditioning and lighting installations.


The sections in this article are

Introduction
Approaches to Investigating Nanoscale Deformation of Biocomposites
Whole-System (Macroscopic) Mechanical Testing
Multiscale Deformation and Structural Probes (In-Situ Methods)
Deformation of Individual Molecules and Fibrils
Modeling and Ab-Initio Simulation

Nanoscale Deformation Mechanisms in Mineralized Tissues
Mineralized Collagen Composites: Bone, Antler, and Mineralized Tendon
Bone
Deer Antler
Mineralized Tendon

Anisotropy of the Nanoscale Response
Nanoindentation

Modeling of Nanostructural Deformation
Continuum Micromechanical Modeling
Ab-Initio Modeling

Deformation in Hypermineralized Systems: Enamel and Abalone Nacre
Dental Enamel
Abalone Nacre

Deformation Mechanisms in Soft Collagenous Tissues: Tendons, Ligaments, and Cartilage
Mechanics of the All-Organic Nanocomposite of the Wood Cell Wall
The Velcro Model of Wood Cell Deformation
Low-Microfibril Angle Wood Tissue and Cellulose

Summary and Outlook
Commonalities Across Systems
Future Perspectives and Outlook

Acknowledgments

Keywords:

biomineralized tissues;
nanoscale deformation;
synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering;
synchrotron wide-angle X-ray diffraction;
in situ tensile testing;
nanoindentation;
biomimetic structures;
plant- and cellulose-based tissues


At DAΦNE luminosity measurements are performed by detecting Single Bremsstrahlung at the two interaction points. Set-up and measurement method are presented with special emphasis on background subtraction schemes, error evaluation and machine related issues.


christopher Marlowe's late play, The Massacre at Paris, takes as its nominal subject the infamous st. bartholomew's day Massacre of 1572, which inaugurated yet another cycle of violence between catholics and Protestants in france. among the two thousand or so Huguenots slaughtered in the city of Paris the most well remembered today is Petrus ramus, regius Professor of eloquence and philosophy at the University of Paris. Marlowe's fascination with the massacre was shared by most of his contemporaries, but his special interest in ramus reflects the fact that ramism reached the zenith of its influence at cambridge during the 1580s, when he matriculated there.1 Here is the scene of ramus's death, which it will be necessary to set before us in full:


The researches in pieaoquartz transducers, eon-ducting in U direction of improvemeni of their metrological and operating perJormrances have been considered The main aitention is paid ,to new theoretical approach, that assumes construction of invariant in time systems , and investigation of reasons, that limit the length of connection line between sensitive element and frequency transformer. The connection line is necessary for decreasing of mutual injluence of frequency translator and the object of measuring. The mentionetbabove researches have allowed to essentially improve the common quality of measuring.


BACKGROUND
The emergence of drug-resistant viral strains has created the need for development of novel anti-HIV agents with a diverse structure that target key enzymes in HIV lifecycle.

OBJECTIVE
Considering the pharmacophore of integrase inhibitors, one of the validated target for anti-HIV therapy, we designed a quinazolinone incorporated coumarin scaffold to affect the HIV.

METHOD
Coumarin is a beta enol ester and also a well-known drug scaffold. Designed structures were prepared using a one-pot three-component reaction from 3-amino-4-hydroxycoumarin, isatoic anhydride and benzaldehyde derivatives.

RESULTS
In vitro anti-HIV and cytotoxicity assay indicated that more than half of compounds had EC50 values lower than 50 µM. Unsubstituted phenyl derivative showed the most activity and selectivity with EC50 value of 5 µM and therapeutic index of 7. Compounds were docked into the integrase active site to investigate the probable mechanism of action. Accordingly, the hydroxyl moiety of coumarin along with the carbonyl of quinazolinone ring could function as the metal chelating group. Quinazolinone and phenyl groups interact with side chains of IN residues as well.

CONCLUSION
Here, a novel anti-HIV scaffold is represented for further modification and in-vivo studies.


Based on static analysis, a number of studies argue that forming a regional trade agreement RTA is more likely to raise welfare if member countries are "natural trading partners," while other studies claim the opposite. This paper considers the argument from a dynamic viewpoint by examining the impact of trade with Japan, North America and the EU on technology diffusion and TFP in Jordan, Korea and Mexico. Using industry-level data, we show that i) technology diffusion and productivity gains tend to be regional: Jordan (Korea) (Mexico) tend to benefit mainly from trade with the EU (Japan) (North America); and ii) the dynamic version of the "natural trading partners" hypothesis seems to hold. JEL Classification: F02, F13, F15, F43, O39


Along a gradient of habitat complexity in desert scrub communities of the Sonoran Desert in southern Arizona, nest sites and food niches become more diverse, and breeding bird population density and species diversity increase. Birds are highly specific in their selection of plants for nest placement; densities of most species are strongly related to densities of nest plants. The MacArthur foliage-height diversity model does not yield con- sistently accurate predictions of breeding bird species diversities in desert scrub communities. A significant relationship is found between physiognomic coverage diversity and breeding bird species diversity. This index, based on a system of plant life forms, quantifies critical environmental features used by birds in habitat selection. A model that combines aspects of foliage-height diversity and physiognomic coverage diversity may provide greater accuracy and wider applicability for predicting breeding bird species diversity.


We consider the matrix polynomial [EQUATION], with given coefficients [EQUATION]. A matrix [EQUATION] is called a solvent if P(S) = 0. We explore some approaches to the symbolic and numeric computation of solvents. In particular, we compute formulas for the condition number and backward error of the problem which rely on the contour integral based representation of P(S). Finally, we describe a possible approach for computing exact solvents symbolically.


The present study was undertaken to assess the market integration of oils in India. Secondary data on monthly wholesale prices were collected for the period of 24 years, i.e., from 1980-81 to 2003-04. The data were collected from Agricultural prices in India. Price series correlation and Augmented Dicky Fuller (ADF) test were used as analytical tools. The results revealed that the selected oil markets for groundnut, rapeseed and mustard, castor and sesame were well integrated at the same order and there is existence of integration of prices between the above oil markets in India. These results have important policy implications in a situation when oil markets are spatially integrated and the government was thiningk of reducing or even withdrawing its efforts to influence the price in the market.


In this paper, a NCGPC (Nonlinear Continuous Time Generalized Predictive Control) is proposed for a single-link flexible joint manipulator. This control is developed by using a property of NCGPC, the demonstration that the selection of particular design parameters, such as control order and predictor order leads to well-known feedback linearization. Simulations are presented in order to illustrate the effectiveness of the approach. Key-Words: Nonlinear control, Predictive Control, Feedback linearization, flexible joint manipulator.


P olymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) are systemic autoimmune diseases of unknown etiology that primarily affect the skeletal muscle [1]. Despite the improvement achieved in recent years with new therapeutic options, the prognosis remains poor, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Conventional first-line treatment is based on glucocorticoids. However, their use in many patients requires long-term administration, which increases the probability of side effects developing. Thus, there is often the need to add immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory agents to improve the disease's response to treatment and to reduce the longterm complications linked to glucocorticoids [2]. Among the treatment options, the use of immunoglobulin, by both the intravenous (IVIg) and the subcutaneous (SCIg) route, is still under debate [3]. IVIg as replacement therapy was first introduced in the middle of the 20th century for the treatment of immunodeficiencies, for which it is the treatment of choice [4]. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain how IVIg acts by interaction with the humoral and cellular components of the immune system. However, its exact mechanism of action is not thoroughly understood [5,6]. In immune mediated disorders, IVIg is a therapeutic option considered as a steroidsparing agent and for reducing side effects related to the use of immunosuppressants. In inflammatory myopathies (IIM), only IVIg has demonstrated statistically significant improvement in scores of muscle strength compared to placebo in high quality randomized controlled trials [2,7]. However, the use of IVIg is associated with several issues, namely, the need for an intravenous route of administration necessitates hospitalization, which leads to high costs and potentially severe systemic side effects (volume overload, anaphylactic reactions) [4]. SCIg is a blood product containing immunoglobulin G from healthy subjects, initially used in primary immunodeficiency diseases and more recently in immune mediated disorders or neurological conditions. In primary immunodeficiency SCIg has been demonstrated to reduce adverse reactions with reliable efficacy and improved quality of life [8]. We describe here our experience with the use of SCIg in patients with PM and DM.


Data centers' electricity energy consumption accounts for 1% of global electricity demand and 0.3% of all global CO2 emissions. Energy reuse as a core of a net zero carbon data center, as a macro goal benefiting to mankind, needs micro innovations from thermal engineers to reclaim the distributed and low-grade thermal energy from diversified electronic equipment. This article presents the attempt to combine the advantages of high-density heat transferring technology by two-phase microchannels and the agility of Additive Manufacturing (A.M.) technology into a heat sink by which thermal energy can be collected in premium quantity and quality. The heat sink prototype adopted the two-layer microchannel design by leveraging the unique capability of A.M. technology to form complicated spatial geometric features, such as the functional channel profiles with diverged cross-sections along the flow direction, intermittent channels, and curved channels. It was fabricated at one-time processing by AlSi10Mg powder SLS/SLM, had an exterior base area of 25 cm2, and interior micro-fins with a minimal thickness of 0.2 mm and fin pitch of 0.38 mm. A test rig had been built to validate the thermal dynamic and hydraulic performance of this microchannel heat exchanger working with HFE 7100 as the coolant. The heat flux under certain wall superheat and pressure drop catches the equivalent grade of microchannels made by conventional micro-cutting approaches on copper or aluminum. The maximum inlet coolant temperature could be elevated up to 60.0 °C with less than 90.0 °C CPU case temperature, which provides the feasibility of high-grade heat recovery. The test results present the promising prospects of this design and A.M. technology in the field of two-phase microchannel heat exchanging, by which the electronic devices in megawatt hyperscale data center can be changed from energy consumers to energy generators for the greenhouse, district heating, and hot water system.


Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) was originated from the city of Wuhan, China, on December 31, 2019. The virus spread rapidly around the world, and it was declared an epidemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020 as the number of people affected by the virus was accelerating. As a result, all communities were affected either physically or mentally due to COVID-19 (c-19). However, there are still insufficient studies that have systematically examined the impact of COVID-19 among communities. Therefore, the goal of this article to conduct a systematic literature review on the effects and how communities cope with COVID-19. The review process includes five main methodological steps, namely guided by review protocol, formulation of research questions, systematic searching strategies based on identification, screening, and eligibility on several established databased such as Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar, followed by quality assessment, and data extraction and analysis. Eight themes were found based on thematic analysis: (1) mental health, (2) depression, (3) stress, (4) anxiety, (5) fear, (6) psychological, (7) pleasant and (8) unusual behaviour. However, although the overcoming of issues are revealed, none has focused approaching the matter from the physical activities.


Constant pressure filtration experiments of Ca-alginate gel particle, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were conducted to study the local properties of cake layer formation by deformable particles. Effects of particle deformation due to frictional drag and cake mass on cake compression and contact area among particles were examined. The factors that lead to the increase in filtration resistance were discussed. The dynamic analysis proposed by Lu and Hwang in 1993 was modified to analyze formation and compression of cake during cake filtration of deformable particle slurry. A thin skin layer of low porosity and high resistance was formed next to the filter medium due to severe deformation, caused by frictional drag, of the first layer. The results of this study clearly indicate that neglecting the area-contact effect among particles will lead to an overestimate of cake porosity, and neglecting the transient effect of cake compression during gel layer formation will result in an underestimate of cake porosity. The characteristic values of filter cake obtained from dynamic analysis can be used to predict the performance of the filtration of slurries containing deformable particles.


New Zealand's Supreme Court has on two occasions been required to consider the legal boundaries that apply to forms of dissenting behaviour. In Brooker v Police and Morse v Police, the Court simultaneously expands the judicial role in drawing the line between acceptable and unacceptable forms of dissent, and presents its conclusions as the relatively straightforward outcome of standard forms of statutory interpretation. This article explores why the Court felt this two-fold task was necessary, and examines the way in which it was achieved.


The authors show how recognition performance in automated speech perception can be significantly improved by additional lipreading, so called speech-reading. They show this on an extension of a state-of-the-art speech recognition system, a modular multistage time delay neural network architecture (MS-TDNN). The acoustic and visual speech data are preclassified in two separate front-end phoneme TDNNs and combined with acoustic-visual hypotheses for the dynamic time warping algorithm. This is shown on a connected word recognition problem, the notoriously difficult letter spelling task. With speech-reading, the error rate could be reduced by up to half of the error rate of the pure acoustic recognition.<<ETX>>


Based on attribution theory,this article examines how corporate social responsibility(CSR) affects consumers' attitudes to product and purchase intentions.The findings implicate that CSR's altruistic attributions positively influence consumers' attitudes to company and perceived quality,but self-interest attributions negatively influence them.Attitudes to company and perceived quality completely mediate the effects of CSR attribution on product attitudes and purchase intensions.Our results can help marketers develop CSR initiatives in right way and avoid consumers attributing CSR to company's self-interest,which do harm to companies.


Sixty-seven sites have been identified as having international or national significance for biodiversity conservation in the NT (Ward and Harrison 2009). This report provides a compilation of information papers for these 67 sites. The information papers include details of the location and site boundaries, data supporting significance ratings for five conservation values (threatened species, endemic species, wildlife aggregations, wetlands and flora), plus information on other environmental values, management issues and management information. The report also includes information on the sources of data used in producing the maps, a full list of references for all the site information papers and a glossary.


World War II was the occasion of the greatest theft, seizure, loss, and displacement of art treasures, books, and archives ("cultural items") in history. Since then, governments and others have attempted to justify either their right to keep or to claim the return of the cultural items displaced as a result of the war and its aftermath. Such issues have intensified on the Eastern Front since the collapse of he Soviet Union and the opening of the Soviet secret depositories of long-hidden cultural items brought to Soviet territories at the end of the war. The principal protagonists in the public arena have been the Federal Republic of Germany (Germany), the Republic of Poland, and the Republic of Hungary, each claiming that the Russian Federation (Russia) has refused to negotiate adequately the return of cultural items displaced during and after the war that are now located in its territory.


Almost one-third of the fuel energy is wasted into the atmosphere via exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine. Despite several advancements in waste heat recovery technology, single-cylinder engines in the market that are currently in production remain naturally aspirated without any waste heat recovery techniques. Turbocharging is one of the best waste heat recovery techniques. However, a standard turbocharger cannot be employed in the single-cylinder engine due to technical challenges such as pulsated flow conditions at the exhaust, phase lag in the intake and exhaust valve opening. Of late, the emphasis on reducing exhaust emissions has been a primary focus for any internal combustion engine manufacturer, with the onset of stricter emission norms. Thus, the engine designer must prioritize emission reduction without compromising engine performance. Current work focuses on enhancing the power output of a 0.6-litre, single-cylinder naturally aspirated diesel engine by employing a power turbine. Since the exhaust flow conditions were pulsated, an impulse turbine was employed. One-dimensional simulation studies were carried out after validating the base naturally aspirated engine model. An impulse turbine was designed and simulated for the pulsated flow conditions. Simulation results show that the single-cylinder naturally aspirated engine delivered a superior performance with turbo compounding. The brake power output of the turbo-compounded engine improved by 6% compared to the base NA version. Also, the thermal efficiency of the turbo-compounded engine improved by 2%. HC emissions were reduced by 31% and CO emissions by 11% for the turbo-compounded engine. Soot emissions were 2% lower, and NOx emissions were 5% lower for the turbo-compounded engine than the base naturally aspirated engine. Thus, turbo-compounding is an effective waste heat recovery system that improves the performance and reduces exhaust pollutants of a single-cylinder naturally aspirated engine.


Following a number of other writers, Rescher tends to contrast "efficiency" with a proper regard for "human considerations" (p. 125). The remark is by no means crucial for his analysis, but it should be noted that efficiency is by definition a ratio of output to input or benefits to costs, and it is, therefore, neutral as between moral and other sorts of values. If we include moral costs in our appraisal of the efficiency of human action (as praxiologists like Kotarbinski and Skolimowski are reluctant to do), we obtain much more plausible assessments. Finally, we must take issue with Rescher's claim that "all rational evaluation will be benefit-oriented" (p. 136). In the absence of reliable probabilities of the occurrence of certain events and of the timediscounted value of certain benefits, we are frequently driven to a minimax strategy. That is, in the presence of a multitude of uncertainties, we find ourselves trying to determine merely the possible costs or losses attached to this or that action, and we act so as to minimize the maximum possible loss. We prefer this act instead of that one not because the former seems more beneficial, but because it must be less harmful in case our luck runs completely sour.


Only one Islamic metal vessel can be said with certainty to have been made at Mosul. This is the so-called Blacas Ewer in the British Museum which bears an Arabic inscription stating that it was engraved by ujā' b. Man'a al-Mawṣilī at Mosul in the month of Rajab 629 (= May 1232).


In this work, a novel coupled system of simple Piecewise Constant Oscillators is considered. The oscillator consists of two linear capacitors, two nonlinear voltage controlled current soureces (abbr. VCCSs) with hysteresis characteristic and one nonlinear VCCS with Signum-like characteristic. The two oscillators are coupled by a hysteresis VCCS. This system exhibits synchronization phenomena of in-phase and anti-phase and their co-existence. We provide analytical results and typical phenomena are verified by laboratory measurements.


To search for thermal emission from substellar companions, we have obtained Z-band images of 15 weak-lined T Tauri stars in the Taurus-Auriga and Ophiuchus star-forming regions using the Planetary Camera 2 on the Hubble Space Telescope. We found 18 faint nearby objects at separations larger than 4″ but none at smaller separations. For 11 of these we have enough color information to suggest that they are not substellar members of the star-forming regions. The remaining seven faint nearby objects are candidate substellar objects. Our detection limit for companions with separations larger than about 1″ is apparent Z = 19.5 mag, corresponding to substellar objects in the mass range 3MJ–15MJ for the age range of our targets, 1.2–25 Myr. Our detection limit degrades for smaller separations and is 4–6 mag poorer at a separation of 0.″2, corresponding to a projected separation of 30 AU. Inside 0.″2 our sensitivity is insufficient to detect substellar companions. To complement the imaging program, extensive spectroscopic observations were obtained with the Center for Astrophysics Digital Speedometers. Four of our targets proved to be spectroscopic binaries, one of them double-lined. We report orbital solutions for these four stars. Our radial velocities support the membership of all our targets to their respective star-forming regions, except for HD 283759, which must be rejected as a member.


Background We assessed the association of persistent low-level viraemia between 50–199 copies/ml (LLV) with the risk of virological failure (VF) among HIV-1-infected patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods ART-naive and ART-experienced patients followed up in the ANRS-CO3 Aquitaine Cohort were included if they started two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) with either one non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) or one protease inhibitor boosted with ritonavir (PI/r) between 2000 and 2011 and achieved viral load (VL)<200 copies/ml 4–8 months after initiating ART. VF was defined as either two consecutive VL≥200 copies/ml or one VL≥200 followed by a modification of ART. LLV was defined as at least two consecutive VLs between 50–199 copies/ml for at least one month. We used Cox models to estimate the association of LLV with VF. Results Among 2,374 patients with a median follow-up of 3 years, 205 (8.6%) experienced LLV. LLV was strongly associated with further VF (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.30, 95% CI 1.65, 3.20). LLV was associated with VF in ART-experienced patients (aHR 3.02, 95% CI 2.10, 4.33) but not in ART-naive patients. Neither type of ART regimen (PI/r- versus NNRTI-based regimen) nor cumulative duration of LLV was associated with VF. Conclusions Persistent LLV between 50–199 copies/ml was associated with VF among ART-experienced patients under ART. LLV between 50–199 copies/ml in ART-experienced patients should lead, after assessing patient's adherence and checking for drug interactions, to a closer monitoring and to consider ART optimization.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of producing novolac phenol-formaldehyde resins for use as modifying additives which intensify resin properties, for adhesion promoters in tyre rubber and industrial rubber articles, as well as other composite materials, e.g. for producing elastomers. The method of production involves condensation of phenol with formaldehyde in the presence of oxalic acid at boiling point of the reaction mixture, further removal of over-resin water by evaporation at atmospheric pressure and raising temperature from 100 to 130°C, creating a vacuum and distilling residual phenol. After removing the over-resin water, 1-10 wt % of a reactive additive based on branched polyatomic phenol and cobalt-containing compounds are added to the molten mass in ratio of (10÷50):(50÷10). EFFECT: obtaining low-phenol novolac phenol-formaldehyde resins with low viscosity and melting point, having sufficiently high reactivity of the resin in an elastomer matrix. 3 cl, 1 tbl, 1 ex


This major report is a survey of autonomic systems modeling and development. Its aim is to explore current research and developments, such that subsequently, autonomic computing to be applied to the Concordia University developed TROM formalism and TROMLAB framework. Firstly, the report formulates the vision of Autonomic System Timed Reactive Model (AS-TRM) and briefly introduces real-time reactive systems, TROM formalism and TROMLAB framework. Secondly, it surveys autonomic computing characteristics, abstracting out algorithms with potential for development. Thirdly, it illustrates patterns for modeling and development of autonomic complex systems. In addition, the report conducts a thorough survey on existing intelligent multi-agents technologies and open standards with a high potential of enabling autonomic computing. Insights into industry and academic efforts that leverage autonomic computing are provided as well. At the end, the report provides exploratory research directions that have a high potential for realizing the Autonomic System Timed Reactive Model (AS-TRM)


Abstract Despite the recent proliferation of scholarship on the Mau Mau rebellion, little attention has been paid to the 'propaganda war' it generated. The absence is especially striking given the importance that both the British and Mau Mau fighters attached to success in the battle for the 'hearts and minds' of Kenya's African population. This article analyzes the production of colonial propaganda – and its reception by Africans – in the 'Emergency', revealing how its themes and strategies changed over the course of the 1950s. Despite vast resources pumped into this effort, both African and British testimonies reveal that this propaganda had only limited success until government forces gained the upper hand in the military war against Mau Mau in late 1954. After that point, the increased level of control in Central Province enabled officials to finally best the efforts of skilled Mau Mau propagandists.


Abstract White-rot fungi have a versatile machinery of enzymes which work in harmony with secondary aryl alcohol metabolites to degrade the recalcitrant, aromatic biopolymer lignin. This review will focus on the important physiological roles of aryl (veratryl, anisyl and chlorinated anisyl) alcohols in the ligninolytic enzyme system. Their functions include stabilization of lignin peroxidase, charge-transfer reactions and as substrate for oxidases generating extracellular H 2 0 2 . The aryl alcohol/aldehyde couple is well protected against degradation by the fungi's extracellular ligninolytic enzymes and their concentrations in the extracellular fluid are highly regulated by intracellular enzymes.


This thesis examines the reason why the Indonesian Government taking a ptotectionist policy in facing the ASEAN Single Aviation Market (ASAM). ASAM will allow all airlines in ASEAN to move freely between any cities within 10 ASEAN member states. The incoming threat from foreign airlines within ASEAN into domestic market pushed the Indonesian government to issued policies to protect the national airlines. By applying the theory of protectionism, this research trying to describe why the Indonesian Government issued protectionist policies in facing the ASEAN Single Aviation Market which already signed and ratified by Indonesia. Some reasons behind the policy are the unpreparedness of Indonesian airlines to face the foreign airlines within ASEAN and the unpreparedness of Indonesian infrastructure in aviation sector to support the national airlines to face the ASEAN Single Aviation Market.


It is shown that reliable information on the nature of the nuclear forces can be obtained by studying the variation of the mean-square charge radii on excitation of a nucleus as well as on the transition from isotope to isotope. However, the solution of this complicated problem is impossible without an accurate description of the wave-function structure. Therefore, the theoretical analysis of ..delta.. is founded on the dynamical collective model, which reproduces well the excitation spectra and all the spectroscopic characteristics of odd nuclei. Systematic calculations of ..delta.. in the case of excitation of spherical and transition nuclei from /sup 73/Ge to /sup 141/Pr and also calculations of the isotopic effects in the mean-square charge radii of mercury and cesium have revealed a number of new dynamical effects. Ways of determining the constants of the nuclear interaction are discussed.


Hypertension is a major health problem. High prevalence of hypertension contributes to an increase risk of cardiovascular disease which is the first cause of death in the world. In relation to students, they also have risk, such as smoking, consuming alcohol, consuming coffee, stress, consuming high-salt foods, lack of exercise and obesity, so the students have risk factors of hypertension. The aim of this study was to identify modifiable risk factors of hypertension among the undergraduate students of Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY). This research used descriptive research method. The sample of this research was 398 students chosen through random sampling method. The data were collected through questionnaire regarding information on stress high natrium diet, exercise habit, alcohol consumption and smoking behavior. The data analysis was done by using frequency distribution program. The results show that the respondents have at risk in hypertension for obesity (10.1%), smoking behavior (19.1%), alcohol consumption (1.8%), coffee consumption (34.4%), excessive salt food consumption (81.4%), stress (81.2%), and exercise habits (74.4%). Keywords— Hypertension Risk Factors, Student.


The worldwide is now much debated about the environmental problem and the preservation. In the meantime, GSCM has been
introduced and accepted by many environmental experts and to apply this concept to solve the environmental problems.
Unfortunately, found that many studies just discussed about the constraints and drivers of GSCM in the industries and not to the problem solving for environment awareness. Therefore, this study will focus on the design of green practice for the environmental awareness with considering the constraints of the customer requirements in the industries. The factor analysis and correlations analysis were used to complete the design in satisfying the requirements of the customer constrained by the limited resources of the technical requirements. Among the methods to fulfill the area of this study is the quality function
deployment (QFD) and it was used to identify the desirable the design in green practice of GSCM in Malaysia's SMEs
industries.


We apply the positive-weight Monte Carlo method of Nason for simulating QCD processes accurate to Next-To-Leading Order to the case of e+e− annihilation to hadrons. The method entails the generation of the hardest gluon emission first and then subsequently adding a `truncated' shower before the emission. We have interfaced our result to the Herwig++ shower Monte Carlo program and obtained better results than those obtained with Herwig++ at leading order with a matrix element correction.


With the hot topic of "Carbon Neutrality", energy efficiency and saving practices such as reducing fuel consumption, vigorously advocating new energy power and modern rail are now becoming the main research topics of energy conversion technologies. Supercapacitors, with their ability of higher power density, fast charging, and instantaneous high current output, have become an indispensable energy storage element in modern traction systems for modern rail. This proposal introduced wireless power transfer technologies by using LC series resonant technology for charging the supercapacitors. To match the voltage and current level of the supercapacitor, a four-switch buck-boost converter was applied on the secondary side of the load-matching converter. To regulate the wireless transfer power and charging power of the supercapacitor, the active modulation control method was introduced on both the primary and secondary sides of the transfer system. On the primary side, the power is controlled by controlling the current in resonant inductance through the phase shift control method, while on the secondary side, the charging power is controlled by regulating the input voltage of the four-switch buck-boost converter followed by inductance current control. The theoretical analysis under phase shift mode for the primary side and pulse width modulation for a four-switch buck-boost converter with a supercapacitor load (voltage source) were proposed in detail, and the state-space model of the load matching converter was established for controller design to obtain precise voltage and current control. Both open loop and closed loop simulation models were built in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment, and simulations were carried out to evaluate the system characteristics and control efficiency. The experimental platform was established based on a dsPIC33FJ64GS606 digital controller. Experiments were carried out, and the results successfully verified the effectiveness of the system.


Total ink amount were used as study object in digital proofing workflow, total ink amount limit was adjusted according to the basic linearization of digital printing press, relation of color difference and color density and total ink of digital sample were analyzed based on EFI Color proof system, principle of total ink amount limit are obtain to provide theoretical basis for setting total ink amount and software development.


We report the metagenome sequences of two microbial cultures that were grown with chemically deconstructed plastic products as their sole carbon source. These metagenomes will provide insights into the metabolic capabilities of cultures grown on deconstructed plastics and can serve as a starting point for the identification of novel plastic degradation mechanisms. ABSTRACT We report the metagenome sequences of two microbial cultures that were grown with chemically deconstructed plastic products as their sole carbon source. These metagenomes will provide insights into the metabolic capabilities of cultures grown on deconstructed plastics and can serve as a starting point for the identification of novel plastic degradation mechanisms.


Based on the conjugation theory of space curved surface,the vector relation of gear cutting is ensured. Tooth vector equation of bevel gear is established. By space coordinate commutation, the position and orientation of the tool is ensured relatively to the workpiece. The relative movement of the tool is realized to workpiece. The conventional parameter adjustment of machine tool is transformed into movement parameter of NC machine tool. Tool scanning body of a five-axis NC machining is established. On the computer,NC numerical simulation of bevel gear is carried out as an example.The results of calculation and experimentation are established for the gear cutting. On a five-axis numerical control machine,NC machining of a bevel gear is completed and the means of NC machining of a bevel gear are obtained.


The purpose of this study is to investig ate the impact of trade credit in the inventory sys tem. It explores an inventory system with noninstantaneous replenishmen t under conditions of permissible delay in payments . In practice, the supplier allows a certain fixed credit period t o settle the account for stimulating retailer's demand. Besides, the supplier can offer cash discount to encourage retai ler to pay the account quickly. This study develops an inventory model of non instantaneous replenishment under cash disco unt and permissible delay in payments. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal replenishment policies und er conditions of non instantaneous receipt under ca sh discount and permissible delay in payments and also to find the optimal order quantity, order cycle and total relevant cost per unit time is minimized. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the propose model.


OUR postwar estimates of the demand function for coffee in the United States, derived from time series, have given elasticities for income between .22 and .60 [1, 2, 4, 5]. Two of the studies [1, 5] noted that the income elasticities using only postwar data were much smaller than the elasticities from the interwar period, and both suggested plausible reasons for the difference: (1) the changed age distribution of the population in the postwar period, important because coffee drinking is negligible for children and small for teenagers compared with adults; (2) the growth in consumption of instant coffee, which uses less green coffee beans than regular coffee; and (3) a steadily rising extraction rate of instant coffee from a given amount of green beans. While it is true these factors have worked in the expected direction in the postwar period, they cannot be the major reasons for the reduced income elasticity since it can be shown that, even after correcting for them, the income elasticity is actually negative in the postwar period. The demand function employed in these studies was Q = f(Yd, rP), where Q is the quantity of green beans consumed annually, Yd is aggregate real disposable income, rP is a weighted average of the prices of regular and instant,l deflated by the all-items CPI. Q and Yd are deflated by specific populations.2 Estimates of the demand parameters are shown in Table 1 for the bestfitting, linear versions for two periods, 1920-41 and 1947-66,3 for three populations-total, fourteen years and older, and 20 years and older4-and, in the postwar period, for two quantity series-the actual amount of green beans consumed and a "corrected for instant" quantity, identified as Q'.


An electronic device for use in aiding the instruction of musical students. The device is comprised of a metronome and a plurality of tone generators, all under the control of a microprocessor computer. Input devices for the system take the form of a musical keyboard and a microphone. The metronome produces an audible regularly repeated sound in the loudspeaker of the device and causes a visual display of a plurality of indicator lights to be lit simultaneously. Pitch error information is displayed on a plurality of indicator lights which indicate musical sharp, flat or correct pitch. The tone generators produce tones in the loudspeaker under the control of the program in the microprocessor. The device has the capability of interacting with the student to exchange musical responses which each is capable of understanding and judging.


Combustion diagnostics techniques using lasers are described with special emphasis on laser-induced fluorescence, Raman and Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy. Several examples from flame investigations are given illustrating the potential of these methods.


In this thesis, we introduce a method for exploring a latent space of 3D shapes learned by a deep neural network. The main idea of our method is to enable the exploration of the latent space through the navigation of a 2D embedding. The method is based on a combination of Isomap dimensionality reduction and an inverse mapping function. Specifically, given a dataset of 3D shapes, we first train an autoencoder neural network to learn a latent representation for the dataset. Then, we reduce the dimensionality of the latent space to two dimensions with the Isomap method. The 2D embedding of the latent space allows a user to easily navigate through the embedding and sample new points. Our method then translates the sampled points back into latent vectors with an inverse mapping function, while the latent vectors are decoded by the neural network into 3D shapes that can be inspected by the user. The inverse mapping is made possible by posing it as a radial basis function (RBF) scattered interpolation problem. We demonstrate with qualitative experiments that our exploration method has advantages compared to alternative approaches such as interpolation and principal component analysis. We also show with quantitative experiments that our method enables a meaningful exploration of the latent space.


A system has been developed which employs two identical integrated circuits to perform the encryption algorithm developed by Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman (RSA) on a 336-bit message. The integrated circuit used in the system employs the 3-micron polysilicon gate, radiation-hard, CMOS technology developed at Sandia National Laboratories.


The microstructure evolution patterns and the phases separation of Cu-37.4%Pb monotectic(mass percentage) alloy caused by undercooling and nucleation have been investigated with glass fluxing technique combined with cycling processes of superheating and cooling. It indicates due to the growth of primary phase _L_2_ restrained, the microstructure with Pb distributed in interdendritic spacing is formed within undercooling less than 150 K; because of the enhancement of Ostward ripening and congregation, the increasing of Pb droplets dimension bring on the course which Pb lumps largen gradually until sedimentating to the sample bottom in the solidification microstructure with the increase of undercooling when undercooling exceeds 150 K.


Obituaries are perhaps the most frequently read section of the daily newspaper. They note the passing of friends and acquaintances, the famous and the infamous. They recount the life stories of ordinary people and people of power. These short essays also give us a glimpse into the shape and cultural interpretation of life and death. In this paper we examine a sample of obituaries drawn from The New York Times 1983-2002. The sample includes both those articles written by Times writers and the paid notices authored by family and friends. A text grammar is proposed based on Brown and Yule's (1983) discourse topic framework. The four parts of the text grammar are analyzed. We argue that the language of obituaries reveals important understandings of the beliefs our society holds about our lives and our deaths, especially with respect to the causes of death, life expectancy, and gender differences in our life stories. The textual analysis of obituaries offers an intriguing view of how we understand living and dying in our society today.


A PAM communication link using a chaotic codec, proposed by Frey, has been simulated, and BER estimates obtained. The simulated link has also been used to investigate the performance of a modified decoder and of a filter designed to produce a signal with a more noise-like PDF.


The article examines the destruction of a composite using a diamond disk. The composite structure is adopted as a two-factor symmetric model, in which the composite grains are represented as balls in the matrix body. A feature of the design is the symmetry of the crack along the two main planes. A model of interaction of a diamond disk with a composite is developed. The destruction of composite models was carried out by cutting the individual bands. Cutting revealed the cyclical nature of the energy characteristics of the fracture models. The cyclic nature is described by a sinusoidal wave of structure destruction. The simulation results provide a formula for the composite structure, which is described using the energy characteristics of cutting. The structure and parameters of the fracture model obtained during cutting allowed us to fully describe the composite structure model. The results of modeling show that it is possible to fully describe the model of a concrete composite using only the energy parameters obtained during cutting of the material.


Interactions between amyloid β-protein (Aβ) and lipids have been suggested to play important roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. However, the molecular mechanism underlying these interactions has not been fully understood. We examined the effect of Aβ on lipid metabolism in cultured neurons and astrocytes and found that oligomeric Aβ, but not monomeric or fibrillar Aβ, promoted lipid release from both types of cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The main components of lipids released after the addition of Aβ were cholesterol, phospholipids, and monosialoganglioside (GM1). Density-gradient and electron microscopic analyses of the conditioned media demonstrated that these Aβ and lipids formed particles and were recovered from the fractions at densities of ∼1.08–1.18 g/ml, which were similar to those of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) generated by apolipoproteins. The lipid release mediated by Aβ was abolished by concomitant treatment with Congo red and the PKC inhibitor, H7, whereas it was not inhibited withN-acetyl-l-cysteine. These Aβ-lipid particles were not internalized into neurons, whereas HDL-like particles produced by apolipoprotein E were internalized. Our findings indicate that oligomeric Aβ promotes lipid release from neuronal membrane, which may lead to the disruption of neuronal lipid homeostasis and the loss of neuronal function.


This article describes the pedagogical conditions for the formation of tolerance. The criteria and indicators of tolerance of cadets have been presented. The object of the research advocates tolerance as a factor in the professional socialization of a soldier, the subject of the study has been the conditions of formation of tolerance in the military college. The purpose of the study has been to identify the aggregation of theories and to develop technology of tolerance formation of cadets at the military college.


Over the past decade, practitioner and academic interest in the evolving nature of procurement has been epitomised by the new initiatives emerging in both arenas. While professional institutions such as the Institute for Supply Management (ISM), Purchasing Management Association of Canada (PMAC), and the Chartered Institute of Purchasing and Supply (CIPS) have histories that extend as far back as 1915, it took until 1995 for the first worldwide symposium on purchasing and materials management to be held in Arizona, USA. However, this was a general forum that took limited account of procurement specializations such as public procurement. The defining moment for this area of practitioner and academic interest can be found at the meeting of senior public practitioners and academics, called the "International Research Study of Public Procurement," in Budapest in April 2003. A common informal theme of these meetings centered upon the development of the procurement body of knowledge, in all its iterations, as a professional and strategic area of management praxis in government rather than a bureaucratic, clerical process (Giunipero, 2000; Giunipero & Handfield, 2004).


Understanding fluid flow and solute transport in rough‐walled fractures is important in many problems such as geological storage of CO2 and siting of radioactive waste repositories. The first microscopic observation of fluid flow and solute transport through a rough‐walled fracture was made to assess the evolution of eddies and their effect on non‐Fickian tailing. A noteworthy phenomenon was observed that as the eddy grew, the particles were initially caught in and swirled around within eddies, and then cast back into main flow channel, which reduced tailing. This differs from the conventional conceptual model, which presumes a distinct separation between mobile and immobile zones. Fluid flow and solute transport modeling within the 3‐D fracture confirmed tail shortening due to mass transfer by advective paths between the eddies and the main flow channel, as opposed to previous 2‐D numerical studies that showed increased tailing with growing eddies.


The significance of multiple scattering processes whereby unwanted Doppler-spread energy can contaminate HFSWR remote sensing measurements has recently been reported. In this paper we present the results of quantitative calculations of the extent of the contamination, and then outline a solution based on the adoption of MIMO radar concepts which have been applied successfully in HF skywave radars.


Commercial bribery is becoming an international issue to tackle with. In order to create a fair and well-developed trade order, international community is committed to unified the standard and regulations of private bribery. As a matter of fact, obvious deficiencies exist in current Chinese regulations on commercial law. Not only did the government neglect the great significance of anti-commercial bribery, but also corporations paid insufficient attention to the side-effect of commercial bribery. The lack of proper governmental regulation and sufficient self-discipline system make it difficult to control the offence. As China engaging more deeply in international economy, it is vital to adopt more international rules, especially in contributing to a healthy market. Based on investigating international rules and foreign practice, the article put forward the idea of enacting a unified Anti-commercial Bribery Administrative Regulation in China. Specifically, it should make specific definition to commercial bribery, which determines the responsible administration and the executive codes to prevent and punish bribery activities. Meanwhile, corporations are encouraged to develop self-discipline system to improve their credits. These results offer a guideline for China to deal with private bribery from different perspectives.


CONTEXT: Early small bowel obstruction (ESBO) is a recognized condition, but its treatment remains poorly defined. Conservative management may be attempted during abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR), but this approach can result in complications such as intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH). Considering recent cases, we conducted a systematic review of the literature and screened our database for diagnoses and treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of our database from 2018 to 2022, searching for cases of ESBO following hernia repair. We also included international literature in English and Spanish, according to PRISMA criteria, from 2010 to 2022, using the keywords "intestinal obstruction" and "hernia repair."RESULTS: We identified four cases in total, with three involving incisional hernias and one involving a parastomal hernia. ESBO developed in a mean of 6 days due to adhesions. Emergency surgery was required in three cases due to IAH, which was resolved with an open abdomen. One patient died, and only two patients ultimately underwent hernia repair. In our systematic review, we found 26 articles describing 54 patients with ESBO, mostly due to adhesions following laparoendoscopic inguinal repairs. Obstruction occurred on average within 6.7 days, and 65% of patients were treated with surgery, with no mortality. CONCLUSIONS: ESBO following AWRs can result in severe complications, with adhesions being the most common cause and surgical re-intervention being frequent. Our cases revealed that difficulty in expanding the abdomen during ESBO after AWR may trigger postoperative IAH, which has not been described in the literature and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality.


This paper presents data on the increase in size from birth until maturity of the body parameters of head, foot and tail length as well as weight of the Tasmanian bettong, Bettongia gaimardi, a small macropodoid marsupial. Additional data are presented on changing body characteristics, particularly molar eruption and wear. The data presented allow estimation of the age of bettongs from birth to over three years. During pouch life, a quadratic equation based on head length was the most useful estimator of age; after pouch vacation, molar eruption sequences should be used.


iii List of Figures vii 0. Introduction: Broken Records 0.1 Real 1 0.2 Imaginary 6 1.The Medium 1.1 Recorded Sound As Object 10 1.2 Expanding Outward 12 1.3 Expanding Inward 15 1.4 Fragmented Time 18 1.5 Adaptive Time: Lopsided Loops, DAWs, and TMMs 21 1.6 Sound Object and Timed Musical Machines 26 2. The Machine 2.1 Overview of Virtual Timed Musical Machines 28 2.2 Time Domain Musical Machines: Sound file Granulation 29 2.3 Delay-Based Musical Machines 44 2.4 Frequency Domain Musical Machines: The Phase Vocoder 57 3. Freezing Time 3.1 Freezing Time 64 3.2 Net Structures 67 3.3 Performed Listening 82 3.4 Freezing Time: Conclusions 85


To improve the safety and reliability of large wind power plant(WPP), the switching over-voltage protection and the insulation coordination in cable collection grid is essential. Thus we set up a typical laboratory test system and established numerical models to facilitate computer electro-magnetic transient analysis for the real system. The characteristics of transient over-voltages(TOVs) in cable collection grid due to operations of vacuum circuit breaker(VCB) were studied. Based on phase switching controller of VCB with permanent magnetic operating mechanism, the highest TOV was measured. It is found that TOVs is closely related to cable length, inductive load, and operation phase. The experimental results show that the highest TOV occurs in the case of switching off transformer with the short cable and large inductive load, and its per unit overvoltage may reach 5 when there are re-ignitions of VCB. The transient analysis of a real cable collection grid of 200 MW WPP shows that the highest per unit switching overvoltage may reach 2.4 during VCB's re-closing.


ABSTRACT We recall several results about zero-divisor graphs of commutative rings. Then we examine the preservation of diameter and girth of the zero-divisor graph under extension to polynomial and power series rings.


This paper introduces a novel QFT voltage controller that allows the input admittance shaping of power converters in frequency domain, allowing to define its magnitude and its phase. The destabilizing effect associated with the constant power load behavior of power converters is mitigated with this input admittance shaping, because it has been shaped using an impedance-based stability criterion, opposing argument criteria. The obtained simulation results, under unfavourable conditions, verify the theoretical development.


Two cases of unilateral agenesis of the lung are described.For the first time a case of agenesis of the right lung, in association with complete absence of inferior vena cava, hypoplastic right iliac vein, and hypoplastic azygos vein, is reported. The clinical and roentgenographic findings in agenesis of the right lung are more striking than in the case of agenesis of the left lung.The plain film roentgenograms are sufficient in most cases to reach a correct diagnosis.Cardioangiography is safer, better tolerated and more informative than other procedures for definite diagnosis of this condition.


Equimolar mixtures of NMRP and ATRP initiators lead to
polystyrene that is unimodal by GPC; the mechanism of action most
consistent with the data suggests that under the reaction conditions, TEMPO
and Cl end groups scramble rapidly relative to the propagation rate, and
result in a single type of polymer chain.


The increasing influence of wind power in the power system operation has caused the power system operators to include wind power plants in the control of the overall power system, both in steady-state and transient operation. Therefore, the grid connection requirements of the power system operators involve wind power systems. Low voltage ride-through requirement is probably the most demanding grid connection requirement to meet, at least from the point of view of the wind energy conversion system. In presence of grid voltage dips, the low voltage ride-through compliance produces a mismatch between the generated active power and the active power delivered to the grid. The management of this mismatch supposes a challenge for the wind energy conversion system. In this work, a control scheme for the back-to-back neutral-point-clamped converter is proposed. Under grid voltage dip, the controllers for generator-side and grid-side converters work concurrently to meet the low voltage ride-through requirement by storing the active power surplus in the inertia of the generator and keeping constant the dc-link voltage. Simulation results verify the proposed control scheme.


Contents: Introduction Part I The Apostles of the Empire: Intellectual Genealogies: Neoconservatives, old and new From Eurasianism to neo-Eurasianism, nostalgia for the Empire. Part II Imperial Calling and Nationalism: Anatomy of the Empire: imperial nationalism? American history through the neoconservative looking glass: imperial calling derived from nationalism The Empire, neo-Eurasianists and Russian nationalism. Part III Geopolitics of Imperial Invocations: Between Cynicism, Ideology and Incoherence: Islam Turkey and central Asia The Middle East Conclusion: the impossible Empire of ressentiment Afterword: changing people, continuing patterns? Selective and thematic bibliography: Index.


ConcurTaskTrees(CTTs) is one of the typically task modeling methods of user interface.UML2.0 lacks support for user interface design.Aiming at this problem,this paper transforms CTT into UML2.0.It uses the extension mechanism based on metamodel to extend UML2.0 activity diagram,and builds the metamodel and notations for CTTs.Application results indicate that this method avoids to lose task classification property of CTTs.


The goal of this journal is to publish multidisciplinary research that bridges the gap between basic research and clinical care. This "bridge" (or "translation") requires making the decision to take potential therapies from preclinical studies to humans, so called "First-in-Human" studies. From a regulatory perspective, the sponsor of such studies is required to submit an application. In the United States, this application is called an Investigational New Drug Exemption (IND). Other countries have similar submissions (e.g., Clinical Trial Application in Canada). The First-in-Human studies are typically closely monitored and may be conducted in patients or healthy volunteer subjects. These studies are designed to determine the metabolism and pharmacologic actions of the drug in humans, the safety issues associated with increasing doses, and, if possible, to gain early evidence on effectiveness (21CFR312.21). The total number of subjects and patients included in Phase 1 studies varies with the drug, but is generally in the range of 20 to 80 (21CFR312.21). As an ophthalmic drug development consultant, I am frequently asked if regulatory agencies require that the sponsor prove efficacy of the drug in animals. The short answer is no.

The content and format of an IND is stated in 21CFR312.23. Preclinical information required in an IND includes the investigator's brochure (IB) and a section on pharmacology and toxicology ("Section 8" in the Food and Drug Administration [FDA] Form 1571 format [21CFR312.21], or Module 4 in the Common Technical Document [CTD] format). The IB must contain, among other items, a summary of the pharmacological and toxicological effects of the drug in animals, and of the pharmacokinetics and biological disposition of the drug in animals (21CFR312.21). The Pharmacology and Toxicology section must contain "…adequate information about pharmacological and toxicological studies of the drug involving laboratory animals or in vitro, on the basis of which the sponsor has concluded that it is reasonably safe to conduct the proposed clinical investigations" (21CFR312.21). There is a requirement that the overall plan for investigating the drug product include "the rationale for the drug or the research study" (21CFR312.21). However, a "rationale" is not the same as showing efficacy in animals.1

Ideally, one would have an animal model of an ocular disease that is similar to the human condition in response to approved drugs as well as to drugs that were not effective in humans (i.e., no false negatives or false positives). Such an ideal model would also be similar to humans in the efficacy, potency, and duration of action of drugs. In such an ideal model, if a new agent was safer, more effective, or longer lasting than a benchmark molecule, one could assume such positive attributes would be seen in humans. Note that, in order for the ideal model to be validated, a compound that demonstrates clinical efficacy must already exist for evaluation in the ideal model. This implies that animal models are easier to validate for follow-on molecules in the same class of pharmacotherapy. For "first in class" molecules, by definition, there can be no "validated" animal model until clinical efficacy has been demonstrated.

Decades ago, one of my professors, the late Keith F. Killam, Jr, PhD, told me of the high predictability of blockade of induced emesis in dogs with subsequent clinical efficacy and potency of phenothiazines in treatment of psychosis. This model was used to select new molecules for development. At that time (1950's and 1960's), the rationale for this connection was unknown.2 Subsequently, it turned out that both activities were related to blockade of D2-dopamine receptors.3

So what does this mean for drug discovery in ophthalmology? Perhaps the animal models that approach this ideal are treatments for allergy and inflammation. Other good models include antibacterials (where in vitro efficacy predicts bacteriological eradication in humans, albeit not always clinical efficacy due to the self-resolving nature of bacterial conjunctivitis4), and topical β-adrenoceptor antagonists (where antagonism of isoproterenol-induced ocular hypotension in rabbits5 predicts ocular hypotensive efficacy in patients with elevated intraocular pressure [IOP]). As well, reduction of elevated IOP in subhuman primates with laser-induced ocular hypertension is also predictive of ocular hypotensive efficacy in humans, at least for most known drug classes.6 Some compounds showing prophylaxis of choroidal neovascularization in mice with ruptured Bruch's membranes show human efficacy, but others do not. There are species-dependent issues (e.g., molecules targeting primate genomes require transgenic mice), and the pharmacokinetics of an intravitreal injection in a murine eye are unlikely to predict the human experience.7–10

However, for other diseases and drug classes, the prediction is weaker. For example, memantine that showed functional and structural signs of neuroprotection in a subhuman primate model,11,12 was not more effective than a placebo in two controlled clinical trials. With respect to dry eye, cyclosporine shows efficacy in preclinical models.13 However, the efficacy of ocular cyclosporine was already known from clinical practice in dogs with keratoconjunctivitis,14,15 rather than from these preclinical models. Several molecules have shown efficacy in preclinical models of dry eye,16–18 although the clinical efficacy of these agents is variable, especially in both signs and symptoms, only in initial studies, or as yet only approved in limited markets.19 With respect to treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration, there are limited full papers on novel therapies in controlled clinical studies, and so little opportunity yet to validate animal models. While some retinal degenerative conditions share etiologies (and, one would hope, treatments), the myriad of diseases challenges the efficiencies of disease-specific preclinical models.20–23

In 2010, DiMasi et al.24 analyzed clinical approval success rates and clinical phase transition analyses for the investigational compounds that entered clinical testing between 1999 and 2004 with confidential data from the 50 largest pharmaceutical firms. They reported that the likelihood that a compound entering clinical testing (i.e., the filing of an IND) will eventually gain marketing approval was 16%. While the reasons for failure were not part of the report or perhaps even in the confidential data, in a related publication, Kaitin25 posits that "… the growing time, cost, and risk related to drug development are stubborn obstacles to filling industry pipelines and boosting the output of new pharmaceutical and biological products."

For the most part, drug development is financially supported by the for-profit sector. Given the low success rate for molecules during clinical development, investors want to minimize risk in selecting molecules for expensive clinical development. So what does this mean for drug discovery in ophthalmology? It would be wonderful if we had preclinical models that, either pragmatically or mechanistically, had the same high predictability for eye disease as did the canine model for phenothiazines and psychoses. However, we do not, at least, not yet. One would think that today's scientific methods applied to drug discovery might improve the chance of success. However, Kaitin25 states that such successes are lacking and that "…for many years, however, in the absence of appropriate validation tools that would allow researchers to identify molecules having the greatest likelihood of successful development, these discovery technologies merely added time and cost to the R&D process without providing any appreciable benefits."

So what do we do? Given the low chance of success of molecules in discovery (by definition, less than 16% of compounds in Phase 1), and high cost of development, some would say that only drugs showing efficacy in animal models should be taken forward into development. If there are yet no validated models for some diseases, then so be it. That is, no molecule would be taken forward. Others would say that if there is some rationale for efficacy, pharmacokinetic evidence of a therapeutically relevant concentration in the target tissue and an adequate safety margin, then the molecule should be taken into development. These are complex decisions that involve issues of science and economics, and indeed social policy as to "… who will develop tomorrow's medicines?"25 Nonetheless, at present, regulatory agencies do not require novel drugs to show efficacy in animal models before they are evaluated in humans, only adequate safety and pharmaceutics to support the intended clinical studies.


Central Americas most populous country Guatemala experienced more than 30 years of war after the CIA-supported ousting of democratically elected Jacobo Arbenz in 1954. By the time various guerilla groups united to create the Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity (URNG) in 1982 growing violence and massacres led tens of thousands of indigenous people to flee to Mexico while hundreds of thousands more became internally displaced within Guatemala. A peace accord and cease-fire were signed on December 29 1996. 32500 Guatemalan refugees now live in Mexico the highest concentration of whom live in Chiapas near the Guatemalan border and one of the most poor and neglected states in Mexico. Of the 16000 refugees now living in camps in Chiapas only 30% are returning. Approximately 35000 have already returned. Although many of the refugees in Mexico are afraid that living conditions will be worse in Guatemala and that there will be too few nongovernmental organizations to make up for the lack of government support they overwhelmingly want to return. Relief agencies helping the refugees are noted followed by a description of general and reproductive health conditions among the refugees in Mexico relief agencies helping the return migrants in Guatemala and general and reproductive health conditions for the returned refugees.


We give a classification of many closed Riemannian manifolds M whose universal cover $\widetilde{M}$ possesses a nontrivial amount of symmetry. More precisely, we consider closed Riemannian manifolds M such that ${\rm Isom}(\widetilde{M})$ has noncompact connected components. We prove that in many cases, such a manifold is as a fiber bundle over a locally homogeneous space. This is inspired by work of Eberlein (for non-positively curved manifolds) and Farb-Weinberger (for aspherical manifolds), and generalizes work of Frankel (for a semisimple group action). As an application, we characterize simply-connected Riemannian manifolds with both compact and finite volume noncompact quotients.


Measurement and analysis of various network traffic attributes have played a major role for development of many network protocols and systems. Traffic parameters such as delay, loss, bandwidth, jitter etc are of due interest to design effective network systems. Utilities like PING can be used to measure delay and loss, but it is having poor results as it is suffered from loss asymmetry problem. End-to-end active measurements using probes is one of the way to measure packet loss and delay in the network and is part of our study to find the network reliability. However there is another measurement approach we could have used called passive measurement in which we can simply measure network traffic without injecting any packet in the network. In our evaluation approach we measured packet delay and loss using UDP probe process and simulated using basic BADABING algorithm. The implementation of this BADABING algorithmic approach produces better results over the simple UDP probe process model.


We study an integral representation for the zeta function of the one-loop effective potential for a minimally coupled massive scalar field in D-dimensional de Sitter space–time. By deforming the contour of integration we present it in a form suitable for letting the de Sitter radius tend to infinity, and we demonstrate explicitly for the case D=2 that the quantities ζ(0) and ζ′(0) have the appropriate Minkowski limits.


The article examines the concept of integration to achieve the process of inclusion of youth in the development of civil society, taking into account the socio-cultural context, taking into account the historical patterns of the country's development. Current legislation in the field of social protection of youth, in the field of employment, provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine regarding the legal regulation of the process of labor integration of youth are analyzed. The works of theorists of labor law and social security law O.M. Yaroshenka, Yu.M. Shchotova, P.M. Rossokhatskgo, T.A. Kolyady were studied. etc. on the subject of the problems of youth implementation of the right to work, as a guarantee of the development of spiritual, creative potential and economic independence. The article draws attention to the problems and obstacles faced by young people in the process of realizing their labor rights. Emphasis is placed on the importance of professional training that a young person can undergo to increase their competitiveness in the labor market. Just as professional training is the process of acquiring or improving professional knowledge, abilities and skills by a person in accordance with his vocation and abilities, which ensures the appropriate level of professional qualification for professional activity and competitiveness in the labor market. The experience of such highly developed countries as Great Britain, Germany, Japan, France, and the USA was studied. Measures taken by countries to limit youth unemployment are noteworthy. The example of Bulgaria is given, where the practice of developing age-differentiated employment programs for young people is widespread; Germany, where there is professional selection and career guidance at an early age; the combination of professional training and production activities at the expense of specially created government funds by local authorities takes place in Denmark; encouraging employers to employ young people aged 16 to 26 in the form of reduced amounts of social contributions for them as a kind of tax benefits is actively used in France and Spain; the active practice of involving young people in six-month internships with at least the minimum wage has a positive effect on the further employment of young people in Australia. Proposals are given for the introduction of advanced foreign experience.


How to find accurate matching points of Ranging finding of binocular stereo vision is the key.A method was in-troduced to use one camera in the sliding track to achieve binocular vision systerm and using the coners from the goal as the matching points.Experimental results show the effectivety of this method.


Summary form only given. In this presentation, the current challenges to the power sector are illustrated. The main pillars of the strategy of power sector and their justifications are presented and discussed. The draft of the new electricity law is presented including how the law has handled the strategic targets. Also, the impact of the law on; the structure of the power sector, development of renewable energy and supporting energy efficiency, is discussed. Finally the challenges facing the reforms are presented.


The objective of this research war to develop techniques and criteria by which corn lines could be judged as susceptible or tolerant to western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera LeConte, and northern corn rootworms, D. longicornis (Say).

Vertical pull, in pounds, required to remove a plant from the soil was compared with the number of root nodes (N), the number of roots on the N-1 node (the first node below the top set of brace roots), damage, regeneration, secondary roots, angle of roots in relation to stalk, and a visual evaluation of the extensiveness and symmetry of the system. Statistical analysis based on multiple regression, correlations, and partial correlations indicated a relationship between various criteria. The study indicated that the pounds pull is an efficient and useful method of obtaining quantitative data.


The use of extra-high voltage lines can increase efficiency and reduce voltage drop but cause corona generation. Corona that occurs increases channeling losses and causes disruption to the environment in the form of Audible Noise (AN) and Radio Interference (RI). Audible Noise (AN) and Radio Interference (RI) that are too large will disturb the community around the transmission line. The use of a bundle conductor is a way to reduce the risk of corona. This paper discusses the effect of variations in the bundle conductor on noise interference and radio interference in 275kV extra-high-voltage air lines (SUTET). The types of variations include variations in the number of beams, variations in the distance between sub-conductors, and variations in diameter of the conductor. Next, the Audible Noise (AN) and Radio interference (RI) values are calculated for the Latuppa (Palopo) - Pomana channel planning. The results of the calculation of AN and RI values on SUTET 275kV are still included as safe criteria because the value is still below the criteria limits of Perry and SPLN 46-1-1981 concerning the Noise Level Limitation Guidelines and the IEEE Radio Noise Design Guide about the maximum limit of RI.


Host-searching by the egg-larval parasitoid, Chelonus texanus Cresson, revealed that size and shape were not important. A chemical(s) associated with the host egg was found to elicit host-area searching exhibited by antennal palpation of the area around the egg and hostlocation exhibited by ovipositor thrusting and probing.

The active material (s) was present on and around host eggs after oviposition and in ovariole tissue. The active material is water soluble, heat stable and not extractable in organic solvents.


There is big economic development gap among such three districts as Chuan District of north Ningxia, the drought area in middle Ningxia and mountainous district of south Ningxia,and the urban and rural integrated development level on Chuan District of north Ningxia is much higher than mountainous area of south Ningxia and the drought area in middle Ningxia. Chuan District of north Ningxia closely connects the cities and countryside by depending on developed industrialized cities and small town construction of Ningxia Capital Yinchuan,Shizuishan and so on and by using the radiating role of "central city-small city ",boosts agricultural industrialization, modernization,and specialization to develop specific industries and cultural and tourism industries,which uses the urban and rural integration model of "using urban system construction to drive industrial structure upgrading", however,the drought area in middle Ningxia and mountainous area in south Ningxia start with environment improvement,launch ecological emigration, adjust industrial structure and develop specific industries while conducting planted land withdrawal to grass land and desert management,which uses the urban and rural integration model by "developing specific leading industries at the premise of ecological and environmental construction". The urban and rural integrated development in the west part of China should sufficiently let central city and small cities play radiating and driving role and the urban system construction must drive industrial structure upgrading and optimization. In ecological fragile areas,urban and rural integrated development should take ecological and environmental construction as the premise.


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