Background: In this study, the experiences of kidney trauma of a third step hospital in a city at the junction of the road will be discussed with the current literature. Methods: Pediatric trauma patients admitted to Afyon Kocatepe University Hospital between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2017 were retrospectively examined. Thirty patients with renal injuries were included in the study. Patients with renal injury were examined in terms of age, gender, type of trauma, degree of renal injury, additional organ damage, treatment method, duration of hospitalization, cost and mortality. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS program. The p >0.05 was considered as significant. Results: A total of 30 patients (m:23, f:7) were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 12.10±5.70. The mean duration of hospitalization was 10.23±17.067 days. The reasons of kidney injury were determined as; traffic accident outside of the vehicle (n=9), fall (n=8), traffic accident inside the vehicle (n=6), bicycle-motorcycle accident (n=5), and firearm injury (n=2). Hematuria (n=8), grade 1 (n=12), grade 2 (n=2), grade 4 (n=5), and grade 5 (n=3) kidney injuries were detected in the patients. Isolated renal injuries were found in 7 patients. Additional organ injuries were found as lung injury (n=3), head injury (N=5), pelvic injury (n=5), spleen injury (n=8), spine injury (n=7), liver injury (n=7), intestinal injury (n=7), and extremity injury (n=7). The average cost was 4948.37 ± 10198.51 TL. One patient had nephrectomy and JJ catheter was placed to one patient due to the development of urinoma and hematoma. All other patients were treated conservatively. The cost and duration of hospitalization of patients with shock status at the time of admission to the hospital were statistically higher than those without shock status (p=0.001; p=0.025). Morbidity and cost of patients with high grades (grade 4 or 5) were higher than those with low grades (p=0.008 and p=0.027, respectively). There was no mortality except for a patient who underwent splenectomy and had concomitant brain parenchymal damage. Conclusions: Conservative treatment of kidney injuries for children is effective and safe. Additional injuries, shock status and high-grade cause morbidity, mortality and cost increases.


— This presentation reviews recent advances in superalloys and thermal barrier coating (TBC) for application in hot sections of energy-efficient gas-turbine engines. It has been reviewed that in the modern combined-cycle gas turbines (CCGT) applying single-crystal energy materials (SC superalloys) and thermal barrier coatings ( TBC ), and – in one design – closed-loop steam cooling, thermal efficiency can reach more than 60%. These technological advancements contribute to profitable and clean power generation with reduced emission. Alternatively, the use of advanced superalloys (e.g. GTD-111 superalloy, Allvac 718Plus superalloy) and advanced thermal barrier coatings (TBC) in modern gas-turbines has been shown to yield higher energy-efficiency in power generation.


Mechanical impurity and iron in particular of lubricating oil will increase, if transmission system in mechanical devices is worn. Therefore, it is particularly important to measure iron content of lubricating oil. There are several methods for detecting lubricating oil at present, but these methods have some disadvantages such as high cost, complex operation, long testing cycle and so on. The paper puts forward the impedance method for measuring iron content of lubricating oil. Based on a series of experiments of the prepared sample oil of different iron content, the paper discussed the excitation current, suitable measurement frequency, and analyzed correlation between iron content and impedance, thus establishing mathematical model between iron content and impedance. The experimental results showed that it is feasible to use the impedance method for determination of iron content in lubricating oil. KeywordsImpedance method; iron content; lubricating oil; mechanical devices


The number of data breaches that have happened in the last decade is too high to consider it a small problem. The optimal solution to problems like this is creating cyber-awareness among youth and industry alike. The cybersecurity field is a predominantly male field. With this research, we aim to understand why it is so when there are so many talented women. Studies show that the number of middle school girls who have an interest in the cybersecurity field reduces by more than half by the time they finish high school. What are the underlying reasons for this decrease? What changes in the perceptions and interest of middle school girls when they reach high school? This qualitative study will gather perceptions, interests, and knowledge of cybersecurity of high school girls.


Nuclear power manipulator is mainly used in the work of radiation or other human cannot come to the site to operate the environment, the seismic performance has received great attention. In this paper, the modal test of manipulator prototype is carried out by hammering method, combined with ANSYS software, the dynamic response of manipulator model was obtained by response spectrum analysis. The accuracy of the simulation model was calibrated by comparing the experimental and simulation results, to provide a reference for the seismic structure design of nuclear power manipulator in the future.


Abstract Measles, a viral disease almost exclusively infectious to humans, has been known to exist for nearly 5,000 years. It is thought to have become established in the great river-valley civilizations of the Tigris and Euphrates about 3,000 BC . Early descriptions of measles often were confused with those of smallpox. During the 16th and 17th centuries, numerous reports of measles epidemics appeared throughout the world. The best known description of an epidemic was that by Peter Ludwig Panum, who reported his epidemiologic findings during an outbreak on the Faroe Islands in 1846. In 1759, Dr Francis Home published his work regarding the first known attempt at vaccinating humans against measles. Measles virus was successfully isolated in tissue culture by Enders and Peebles in 1954. In 1963, the first approved forms of vaccine were licensed in the United States. The further attenuated live Enders-Edmonston strain is the only form currently available in this country. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company


An application on Winhouse nonlinear editor system in TV weather forecast programming was introduced according to the characteristics of TV weather forecast programming in Dalian,considering the requirement of meteorological systems.At the same time,the advantages and disadvantages of this system were analyzed in TV weather forecast programming.


This paper focuses on evaluating the effects of welfare state institutions and cultural values on the retirement behaviour of senior workers in 13 European countries. A novelty of our approach is to examine the effect of both institutional and cultural determinants on the retirement decision by matching the ECHP and the EVS (1999 wave) at the group level. Since our representative sample consists of senior workers from the age of 45 to the age one year prior to eligibility for statutory pensions, we cover most of the transitions out of the labour market including those under the threshold used in previous studies. Another contribution of our paper is the construction of an index of flexibility of the pension system while taking into account the characteristics of the different pillars. Using discrete choice modeling enabled us to include alternative exit routes such as unemployment or disability in our multinomial logit models. The outcomes confirm the impact of the welfare-state institutions and cultural values on early retirement behaviour. A more flexible and generous a system is encouraging the old workers to exit earlier from the labour market. The group values have a positive effect on the early retirement decision, which corroborates with the previous research in behavioural economics, with the fact that individual behaviour is influenced by the effect of social norms in the society, according to which it is still commonly accepted in these years that older people leave the labour market at relative early ages. Across countries, there are significant differences in the early retirement patterns.


The research was motivated by the illegal loggers, rampant poaching primates endemic National Park of Siberut in Siberut Selatan District, and wildlife trade is done by people who were around the National Park of Siberut in Siberut Selatan District. This study aims to obtain data, information and an overview of public perception on the Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems in Central Park District of South Siberut Siberut Mentawai Islands regency views of: 1) the implementation of the conservation of natural resources and ecosystems, 2) efforts to preserve heritage conservation of natural resources and ecosystems for future generations, and 3) barriers that prevent the implementation of the conservation of natural resources and ecosystems in National Park of Siberut in Siberut Selatan District. This research is a descriptive study. The population in this study were all heads of families residing in the District of South Siberut Mentawai Islands regency. Based on recent data the population of 1500 inhabitants with 800 families (KK). The research sample was taken with a proportional random sampling method with the proportion of 10% that the sample in this study amounted to 80 families. The research found that: 1) the public perception on the Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems in Siberut National Park includes the Mentawai Islands with a good percentage of 79.6%, 2) Public perception of the effort to preserve the heritage of Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems in the Garden Siberut National Metntawai Islands District including well with the percentage of 78.67%, and 3) the public perception of the barriers experienced in the implementation of the Natural Resources Conservation and Ecosystem National Park Siberut Mentawai Islands including well with the percentage of 77.27%


The late eighteenth century and the last twenty years are two important periods of time which witnessed the remarkable developments in the life history of the oboe.


Using finite-element analysis and other methods, engineers are evaluating ways to control the vibrations and extend the use of flexible, deployable structures in space. The exploration of the universe by the United States has led to many technological innovations for space travel. Among them are lightweight lattice structures and booms, which have been used on the Voyager probes to the outer planets, the Hubble space telescope,m and many other missions. Typical applications of lattice structures in space include instrument booms, antennae, and solar-array deployers and supports. Booms are designed for automatic deployment to a controlled length and retraction into a very compact stowage volume. Deployable solar booms are often subjected to severe vibration while in orbit, and vibration must be limited or completely eliminated for safe and satisfactory performance.


T he Tel Rehov apiary was discovered in Area C, in the heart of a well-planned and densely built urban quarter of Stratum V.1 It was installed in an area that had been deliberately lowered and was surrounded by walls on at least three sides (fig. 1). About thirty beehives were uncovered, made of unfired clay mixed with straw, each shaped as a hollow cylinder measuring about 0.8 m in length, 0.4 m in diameter, and with a volume of around fifty-six liters. One end of the cylinder was closed by a clay wall with a small "flying hole" that allowed the bees to enter and exit the hive, while the opposite end was fitted with a portable clay lid that allowed for honey extraction (figs. 2–3). The hives were arranged in three parallel rows, with each having at least three tiers of hives (figs. 4–5). We reconstruct about 60 beehives in the bottom tier, and thus, 180 hives in all the three extant tiers (see reconstruction, fig. 6). The rows were separated by broad aisles (1.85 and 1.2 m wide); the two eastern rows were built so that the lids faced each other, thus facilitating the work. Soon after the discovery of the first hives in 2005, their identification was confirmed by residue analysis (Mazar et al. 2008; Namdar, Neuman, and Weiner 2020).2 This efficiently planned apiary remains unparalleled elsewhere in the archaeology of the ancient Near East or Mediterranean world.


Phenocrysts in volcanic rocks are recorders of magmatic processes that have occurred at depth before and during a volcanic eruption. Our petrological investigations of stratigraphically controlled tephrite and phonotephrite samples from the latest eruption of Fogo (Cape Verde Islands) aimed to reconstructing magma storage and transport. The dates of sample emplacement have been determined using satellite instrument – derived high resolution thermal infrared maps. All samples are strongly phyric and commonly contain complexly zoned clinopyroxene crystals and cumulate fragments. Clinopyroxenes from all samples exhibit 10–50 μm wide rim zones, inferred to have grown in a few days to weeks during the ongoing eruption as a consequence of H2O loss from the melt. Clinopyroxene-melt thermobarometry using tephrite groundmass compositions suggests that the rims formed at upper mantle pressures of around 600 MPa (21 km depth). This level is interpreted to reflect temporary reduction in magma ascent velocity by near-isobaric movement through a complex storage system. Previously, the tephrite magma had accumulated at a deeper level, possibly between 700 and 900 MPa as indicated by clinopyroxene cores (Mata et al., 2017). The cause for H2O loss initiating rim growth could be degassing after rise of the magma from the deeper level, or CO2 flushing by a carbonic fluid phase released at depth. Corresponding data from phonotephrites indicate last equilibration at around 440 MPa (16 km); the phonotephrite magma is inferred to be a residuum from an earlier magmatic event that was entrained by advancing tephrite. Microthermometry of CO2-dominated fluid inclusions in tephrite clinopyroxenes results in pressures of around 330 MPa (12 km), indicating another short pause in magma ascent in the lowermost crust. Rim zonations of olivine phenocrysts indicate that after leaving this final stalling zone, the magma ascended to the surface in less than half a day. In strong contrast to these petrological equilibration depths, seismic events precursory to the eruption were located at < 5 km below sea level, with only two exceptions at 17 and 21 km depth consistent with our barometry. Our results enhance the understanding of this potentially dangerous volcano, which helps to interpret future pre-eruptive unrest.


Objective To study the treatment of enteral nutrition for the patients lie in bed longer with bedsore. Methods To compare with the 2 groups of patients in the same period with non-treatment. Results There was a obvious difference between the 2 groups patients in bedsore recovery. Conclusions In this normal treatment for the terminal patients lie in bed,it has great benefits for the bedsore recovery and nursing for using the treatment of enteral nutrition support.


With the aid of simple examples, we show how a long range attractive force can arise in a gauge theory with a hierarchy. The force is due to the exchange of a Higgs boson whose mass and matter couplings are both naturally suppressed by the hierarchical mass ratio. Such bosons appear if there is an accidental global symmetry in the low-energy renormalizable Lagrangian after the high energy symmetry breaking. 6 refs.


Sexual reproduction helps to ensure the survival of species by providing opportunities for new combinations of chromosomes in individuals. Organisms have evolved means to accomplish this end by establishing special sex-determining chromosomes which must contain the genes which decide the reproductive attributes of the individual. This decision sets in motion a train of events determining many characteristics related to and stemming from the reproductive sex of the individual which, taken in the aggregate, formulate much of his or her role in life as a male or female. Differences between the sexes are thus created which sometimes appear to be unrelated to reproductive functions, but which are traceable ultimately to them, and some of these differences might represent a hazard to one or other sex, due either to biological or cultural inequalities.
 Though there are occasional errors and imperfections of sex determination, the mechanism is on the whole a good one and even unsophisticated people are seldom unsure or imprecise in the diagnosis of sex among human beings. But establishment of the sex chromosomes in the forms they have taken in various organisms has resulted in certain consequences which, though they might be beneficial in some instances, certainly contribute to inequalities between the two sexes in ways not necessarily related to the reproductive aspects of sex. The disparity in size between the X and Y chromosomes, for example, means that the homogametic sex (female) is diploid with regard to many loci, while the heterogametic sex (males) must be always haploid. If these chromosomes contain genes which control functions apart from aspects of reproductive sex, even though these be compensated, the genes will be making contributions to aspects of maleness and femaleness which are not accommodated in the usual, practical definition of sex.


This study aimed at characterizing the work of two behavior analysts in a therapeutic setting, with clients with a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Four to five therapeutic sessions of each pair (therapist - client) were recorded. The therapist and clients' verbalizations were classified in relation to their relation to the client's complaints, and were categorized as: questions, descriptions, explanations, advices, feedback, inferences or other verbalization. Results indicated differences between the two therapists: the verbalization of therapists A suggested that he applied differential reinforcement to certain classes of client's verbalizations, with a small occurrence of counseling, while the verbalization of therapist B was classified as giving advice and explaining. For both therapists, the majority of their explanations about the clients' behavior were classified as emphasizing the response-consequence relationship, whichy be suggestive of coherence with the behavior analytical approach.


[The Liability of the employer and managers in the Safety at work] The essay - which reproduces the report presented at the Conference on "Infortuni sul lavoro. Il nodo delle responsabilita", organized by the Department of Legal Sciences of the University of Udine on the occasion of the 4th edition of  "Premio Giuseppe Lombardi" (Udine, 10 October 2014) - analyzes the foundation of liabilities of employer and management with regard to the protection of health and safety at work highlighting in particular the importance of the organizational dimension in the legislative decree n. 81/2008.


This article expands that enhancing the quality of the college librarians is the most urgent need of the library undertakings.It also discusses the quality that a numeral librarians should have and the counter measure that should be taken in the 21st cetury.


Invoking Slavery in the Eighteenth-Century British Imagination is a crucial scholarly work, since it invigorates the extant research by taking the concept of slavery into new directions. Drawing on key studies, mostly Marxist ones, in which bondage signifies loss of control over one's labor for the benefit of a dominant class, the chapters in the volume alter general conceptions of forced servitude. Removing the term from the conventional setting in which it meant the racialized kidnapping, sale, and subjugation of people of African descent during the Atlantic Slave Trade, the essays reconfigure the notion of "slavery" by situating it in three contexts. According to Srividhya Swaminathan and Adam Beach, the new frameworks are "the enslavement of British subjects in foreign locales; the use of discourses of slavery in political rhetoric of the long eighteenth century; and the history of servitude as a form of actual or metaphorical enslavement" (14). The volume's first chapter focuses on a 1670 narrative entitled The Adventures of (Mr T.S.) An English Merchant, Taken Prisoner by the TURKS of ARGIERS, And carried into the Inland Countries of AFRICA: With a Description of the Kingdom of ARGIERS, of all the TOWNS and PLACES of Note thereabouts. Whereunto is added a Relation of the Chief Commodities of the Countrey, and of the Actions and Manners of the People. Beach's essay is breathtaking. It applies the Marxist reading Claude Meillassoux provided on slavery in Africa, about two decades ago, to an analysis of the captivity of European merchants in the Mediterranean world. The contribution sets the tone of the volume by revealing the atrocity of bondage through the eyes of an enslaved white British man whose subjugation in foreign lands reflects the kinds of dehumanization and sexual exploitation Meillassoux had identified in African slavery. One of the many interesting anecdotes in Beach's essay is about "the Algerian women who pursue[d] him [T.S.] so recklessly for sexual services in Tlemcen," which is "a constant reminder of his abject status" (34). Thus Beach's essay explores the abject powerlessness of the captive in "the 'state' of slavery" Meillassoux had examined earlier. In agreement with Meillassoux, Beach asserts: "Whatever the condition of the slave, however, he does not have 'status' within the captors' society, but will continue to occupy the 'state' of slavery" (27).


The study was conducted at Department of Floriculture and Land Scape, NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan during May to July 2011. The objective of the study was to assess the performance of exotic cultivars of hybrid tea roses under agroclimatic conditions of Islamabad. Nineteen hybrid rose cultivars were studied and data was collected on number of branches per plant, plant height (cm), stalk length (cm), number of flowers per plant and flowering percentage per plot. The highest stalk length (24.6, 24cm) was recorded in cultivars Double Delight and Signature. Maximum plant height (100cm) was recorded in Jagua followed by Pink Peace and Honey Perfume (97cm). While minimum plant height (67.33cm) was noted in Abby De Culnry. Maximum number of flowers (52) were produced by cultivar Honey Perfume followed by Pink Peace (50) and Allice Red (34). Supreme flowering percentage (65%) was observed in cultivar Abby De Culnry followed by Julias Rose (60%) and Cendrila (52%). Results of the study suggest that Double Delight, Signature, Honey Perfume and Pink Peace performed better during hot months of May to July and these are best suited cultivars for further research work.


The article analyses the consequences of flooding in Thailand, the worst in at least five decades, which economic damage the World Bank ranks as the world's fourth costliest disaster. In 2011 Thailand GDP growth declined by 1-2% due to flooding. The overall losses are estimated to be $ 1.4 bn. The biggest damages and losses were in the manufacturing sector and first of all in many high-tech companies with impact not only on Thailand but on global markets as well. To overcome the consequences of flooding the country will have to work two years or more and it will require huge investments – public and private and restoration of confidence of foreign companies in government's ability to cope with risks of natural disasters. This time Thailand managed to cope with this crisis but could the country do it another time taking into consideration the risks of flooding due to climate change?


Background: Despite the increasing use of social media, little is known about how it is used to communicate health-related information. Twitter's 300 million users communicate a variety of informat...


Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease of great antiquity and has almost certainly caused more suffering and death than any other infection. A total of 40 patients were registered with a diagnosis of MDR-TB during 2010–2018 in Minia. The majority of patients were from rural areas (27; 67.5%) and male (27; 67.5%). Emergence of MDR-TB has the potential to be a serious public health problem in that necessitates strengthened TB control and improved continuous monitoring of  therapy.


With the implementation of The public security organ for the enforcement work regulations in 2007,China Coast Guard has taken responsibility for offshore investigation in criminal cases.Crime scene investigation is the basis on detecting of criminal case.In order to improve China Coast Guard's field exploration of the scientization and modernization level and better service criminal investigation,it is necessary to study some existing problems and solutions of offshore field exploration practice.


Anapole resonances in high-index dielectric nanoparticles arise from the destructive interference between electric and toroidal dipole moments. So far, this mode interference has been solely observed using normal incidence free-space radiation. Here we show that anapole resonances can also arise in silicon disks being excited by an in-plane oriented waveguide. We provide both far-field and near-field measurements at telecom wavelengths which, in good agreement with numerical simulations, show the expected signatures of an anapole resonance. This work paves the way towards the use of the anapole resonances in on-chip silicon photonics.


Ritonavir has proven to be invaluable as a pharmacokinetic booster for other antiretrovirals (especially PIs), but it does have some drawbacks,


In view of the target manipulator-snatching difficult to determine their spatial position,the method was proposed.Using the template matching to find the object in the collected image,and find the center coordinates,then put coordinate values of the image into the imaging model and calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of the point.This kind of method has high accuracy,applicability characteristics.The experimental results show that using this kind of method to determine the location of the target can meet the manipulator-snatching accuracy requirements.


As can be shown in literature, new technology has had a positive impact on learning in a variety of ways. Gamification has recently been used prominently in teaching and learning in general and in English language teaching in particular. Gamification has demonstrated its efficacy in boosting students' assimilation with the instructional content and increasing their competency in the educational process. Due to the difficulty and rigorous nature of learning and teaching a new language, learners typically require motivation. The aim of this study was to investigate teachers' perceptions towards the use of gamification in teaching grammar for non-English majored students at a vocational college in Vietnam. The participants were 20 English teachers who had at least three years of experience teaching English at this institution. Their opinions were collected through a questionnaire with 14 questions, and the results show that the teachers have positive perceptions of the pedagogical value of gamification in English grammar teaching. In addition, good attitudes towards the utilization of gamification are seen. Positive perceptions of the effectiveness of gamification usage in English grammar teaching are also recorded by most of the participants, but around 30% do not try to incorporate as many games as possible into the grammar lessons. It is recommended that the time allocated for gamification and the types of games that are suitable for every facet of grammar should be paid more attention.


Abstract Research demonstrates a host of negative student outcomes associated with the transition to middle school. As school personnel seek to connect students to the new school, extracurricular participation, in particular, has the potential to influence student belonging and promote positive academic and psychosocial outcomes. Data from this investigation reveals that participation in multiple extracurricular activities relates to academic achievement and school connectedness. Implications for transition and extracurricular programming are included.


2015 Am. Trans. Eng. Appl. Sci. Nomenclature and Symbols EEcc Modulus of elasticity of concrete, MPa ffcc Specified compressive strength of concrete, MPa ffrr Modulus of rupture of concrete, MPa 2015 American Transactions on Engineering & Applied Sciences.


Abstract : The University of North Carolina (UNC) Defense Applications Group (DAG) aims to provide technical expertise and support to the U.S. Army Special Operations Command (USASOC). During the reporting period, the DAG completed a project with the U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM), through which investigators at UNC Charlotte conducted research toward developing novel visual analytic tools to enable improved technology scouting and acquisition capabilities for Special Operations Forces (SOF). The DAG met with USASOC combat and participated in SOF-focused technical discussions and industry conferences. The DAG facilitated introductions to UNC scientists and companies with core technologies to leverage against SOF capability gaps. The DAG hosted workshops on Advanced Protective Materials, C4ISR, Human Domain Analytics, Warfighter Performance, and UNC community outreach - all with academic, industry and USASOC/Army/DOD participation. The DAG facilitated UNC performance on STTR projects aimed at solving critical materiel capability gaps for SOF. UNC students participated in USASOC internships and delivered prototypes through engineering design courses. The DAG core group and broader support network were expanded to include wider coverage of cross disciplinary fields of expertise.


In this article I consider the appeal of "grand" historical narratives of nationalism by focusing on the ways in which history and identity are contested in the context of Greek Cypriot society. I pay particular attention to diverse expressions of nationalism formulated by the state, political parties, and individual social actors. By examining how nationalism is articulated on these different levels, I propose an understanding of the dialectical process between "above" and "below" that accounts for the appeal of specific constructions of nationalism. I investigate this process by looking at how individual social actors discuss the past in ways that blend elements of personal, local, and national political history. Such an approach provides an alternative to theories that hold that nationalism's appeal lies in proposing a new kind of community as the local community collapses under the dislocating impact of the forces of modernity. In contrast, theories of nationalism phrased in terms of broad cultural ontologies are problematic for explaining the presence of multiple models of nationalism within a community, and the ways in which nationalisms can be internally contested, [nationalism, history, identity, narrative, Cyprus]


Humans compete with carnivores for animal resources. As a result of this competition and because carcasses can be used sequentially by different classes of predators, it is often difficult to identify the agent of accumulation in archaeological settings. If efficiency in feeding behaviour has been selected for, it may be possible to use such behavioural predispositions to predict the manner in which a faunal assemblage will be modified. To assess this problem, we performed a series of feeding experiments with captive arctic wolves and spotted hyenas. Our results suggest that these species produce predictable patterns of gnawing damage on skeletal elements when key variables are manipulated, including prey body size and the presence of intact marrow cavities. Patterns of gnawing damage also appear to be associated with bone density, developmental age, and the amount of adhering flesh. The effect of these factors also appears to vary between carnivore species. Further understanding of carnivore ecology and behaviour will be useful to archaeozoologists and palaeontologists who are faced with complex site formation processes involving multiple agents.


We investigate scaling properties of the elliptical flow parameter v_{2} in PbPb Collisions at 2.76 TeV within a recently introduced new theoretical scheme which accounts for hydrodynamically expanding bulk matter, jets, and the interaction between the two.


Most of us at one point or other will have a requirement to capture screenshot from the active window or other windows that are opened in windows desktop system.There are many freewares available to capture screenshot  and Windows Operation system also...


The high market value of muskmelon fruit fosters new technologies for its production, aimed at improving plant quality and postharvest technological qualities. The use of commercial biostimulants was explored. This study aimed to analyze the action of biostimulant concentrations applied directly on Cantaloupe melon fruits on different characteristics. The biostimulant was applied at different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mL L -1 ) when the fruits were smaller than or equal to one (1) cm in diameter. At harvest time, the fruits' weight (g), peel thickness (mm), mesocarp (mm) and green mesocarp halo (mm), soluble solids (°Brix) and ratio of longitudinal and transversal circumferences were evaluated. The application of increasing concentrations of biostimulant, up to the maximum dose of 20 mL L -1 , directly on the fruits increased the soluble solids content to up to 11.5 °Brix. Therefore, biostimulant concentrations of up to 20 mL L -1 are recommended for applications directly on melon fruits in the initial stage of development.


The reform of the Chinese language teaching is highly emphasized, but the question of how to reform has come to be a key problem all the Chinese language teachers are concerned about. With several years of the Chinese language teaching experience, the author believes that instead of being a teaching craftsman, the teacher should actively provide his students with innovation environments and develop their innovation ability. Therefore the Chinese language teachers should set up a fashionable view of the Chinese language teaching, a view of scientific training and a view of developing students' intellectual ability. Furthermore, the Chinese language teachers should always focus on students so as to fully embody the concept of " teaching people as the main purpose".


Several linear-time approximation algorithms for the minimum-weight perfect matching in a plane are proposed, and their worst- and average-case behaviors are analyzed theoretically as well as experimentally. A linear-time approximation algorithm, named the "spiral-rack algorithm (with preprocess and with tour)," is recommended for practical purposes. This algorithm is successfully applied to the drawing of road maps such as that of the Tokyo city area. I. INTRODUCTION Consider n (an even number) points in a plane. The problem of finding the minimumweight perfect matching, i.e., determining how to match the n points in pairs so as to minimize the sum of the distances between the matched points, as well as Euler's problem of unicursal traversing on a graph, is of fundamental importance for optimizing the sequence of drawing lines by a mechanical plotter ([2-5, 81; details are discussed in Sec. V). The algorithm which exactly solves this problem in 0(n3) time [6] seems to be too complicated from the practical point of view. Even approximation algorithms of O(n2) or O(n log n) [lo] would not be satisfactory or need some improvement for the application to real-world problems of a size, say, n greater than lo4. In contrast with the matching problem, an Eulerian path can be found in linear time in the'number of edges. In this paper, linear-time* approximation algorithms are proposed for the matching problem in a unit square; their worst-case performances are analyzed theoretically; their average-case performances are investigated both theoretically and experimentally for the case where n points are uniformly distributed on the unit square; and an application to the drawing of a road map is shown. The quality of an approximate solution is measured by the absolute cost of the matching, i.e., the sum of the distances *We adopt the RAM model of computation which executes an arithmetic operation such as addition, multiplication, or integer division (hence, the "floor" operation) in a unit time [ 11.


The Law Lords in June 1998 overturned the judgement in the matter of L. v. Bournewood. The Law Lords, on a majority decision, were of the opinion that a compliant incapacitated patient such as L. does not need the formal powers of the Mental Health Act and admission to hospital and subsequent assessment and treatment for mental disorder can be based on the common law principles of necessity. How ever, this position is quite contrary to the Appeal Court judges' view, 'The right of a hospital to


From one vantage point, a shock is a continuous but drastic change in state variables that occurs over very small time and length scales. These scales and associated changes in state variables can be measured experimentally. From another vantage point, a shock is a mathematical singularity consisting of instantaneous changes in state variables. This more mathematical view gives rise to analytical solutions to idealized problems. And from a third vantage point, a shock is a structure in a hydrocode prediction. Its width depends on the simulation's grid resolution and artificial viscosity. These three vantage points can be in conflict when ideas from the associated fields are combined, and yet combining them is an important goal of an integrated modeling program. This presentation explores an example of how models for real materials in the presence of real shocks react to a hydrocode's numerical shocks of finite width. The presentation will include an introduction to plasticity for the novice, an historical view of plasticity algorithms, a demonstration of how pursuing the meaning of "shock" has resulted in hydrocode improvements, and will conclude by answering some of the questions that arise from that pursuit. After the technical part of the presentation, a fewmore » slides advertising LANL's Computational Physics Student Summer Workshop will be shown.« less


ABSTRACT THE response of Penman's equation to errors in estimation of the input parameters of extraterrestrial radiation, temperature, albedo, percent sun and wind is examined. It is shown that, where dew forms, minimum temperature may be substituted for dew point temperature. Simplifications of the percent sun, and wind speed are introduced to enable the equation to be applied with good results using only measured values of maximum and minimum temperature.


A novel long lifetime fluorescence reporter based on 9-aminoacridine was designed, the lifetime of which can be modulated in a defined manner when in proximity to a tryptophan residue enabling fluorescence lifetime based biochemical assays to be configured.


An r-jet z ∈ Jr(2, 2) is A0-sufficient in E[r](2, 2) if every Cr realization of z is topologically right-left equivalent to z. We give sufficient conditions for A0-sufficiency in E[r](2, 2). For a certain class of jets, we prove that our sufficient conditions are also necessary. Finally, we use the techniques developed in the course of the proofs of these results to give sufficient conditions for a 1-parameter family of Cr plane-to-plane map-germs to be topologically trivial.


A large signal voltage stability index is proposed in this study. Although the study focuses on a wind farm connected system, the index can predict instability of any power system. The index gives an idea about the stability margin of the power system under a given operating condition and can be used to predict emergency situations following a large disturbance such as line outage. The proposed index can be used effectively for systems with static as well as dynamic loads. The proposed index is verified in standard test systems. Matrix perturbation theory is used to verify the viability of the index.


To conduct a prospective comparison of the accuracy of short inversion time (TI) inversion‐recovery (STIR) turbo spin‐echo (SE) imaging and coregistered 2‐[fluorine‐18] fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (FDG)–positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (CT) (coregistered FDG‐PET/CT) to assess the N‐stage in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.


The Performance of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) can be affected when the network is deployed under different topologies. Without Proper Congestion control mechanisms, the network become highly complex. Congestion occurs due to buffer overflow and channel contention. Congestion causes packet losses, which in turn decreases network performance and throughput. It is important to design protocols to control congestion. It is also important to control traffic rather than forwarding path. In this paper, we investigate various congestion control algorithms and evaluate their characteristics.


Mechod: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PCBS,and phthalats etc.semivolatile organic compound in water were extracted,followed by GC/MS with selected ion monitoring mode.Result: the recovery was between 70%~130%.The method detection limit was pg/mL level.


The online health care revolution: How the Web helps Americans take better care of themselves Analyst Zoe Hudson were very helpful in the drafting of several survey questionnaires and the analysis of the results. The sections of this report that deal with privacy issues were written with their assistance. Our two projects will also issue a joint report in the coming months that will assess the implications for the Internet health community – both consumers and companies – of the health-privacy rules that will soon be issued by the federal Department of Health and Human Services. The Internet's powerful influence on " health seekers " Fifty-two million American adults, or 55% of those with Internet access, have used the Web to get health or medical information. We call them " health seekers " and a majority of them go online at least once a month for health information. A great many health seekers say the resources they find on the Web have a direct effect on the decisions they make about their health care and on their interactions with doctors. • 48% of these health seekers say the advice they found on the Web has improved the way they take care of themselves; and 55% say access to the Internet has improved the way they get medical and health information. • 92% of health seekers say the information they found during their last online search was useful; 81% said they learned something new. • 47% of those who sought health information for themselves during their last online search say the material affected their decisions about treatments and care. Half of these health seekers say the information influenced the way they eat and exercise. • 36% of those who sought health information for someone else during their last online search say the material affected their decisions on behalf of that loved one. For the 21 million health seekers who say they were swayed by what they read online the last time they sought health information, the impact was as follows: • 70% said the Web information influenced their decision about how to treat an illness or condition. • 50% said the Web information led them to ask a doctor new questions or get a second opinion from another doctor. • 28% said the Web information affected their decision about whether or not to visit a doctor. The Internet is a tool …


This paper deals with the approach for improving the availability of the Ku (14/12 GHz) band fixed satellite service (FSS) system by using the time-delayed diversity (TDD) system. The Ku-band FSS systems are utilized in many applications, however, signal degradation or attenuation effects due to rain attenuations are severe problems. To overcome those problems, there are many approaches. The TDD system for Ku-band FSS system is one of the new approach. The BER (bit error rate) characteristics between two earth-stations (distance is about 800 km) have been measured for three years. By using measured data, the TDD characteristics are calculated by Excel Software. By introducing the Ku-band TDD system, unavailability time can be rapidly improved with delay time tau=15~30 min. By assuming the delay time tau equals two hours, the unavailability time can be improved about 1/2


There is a growing opportunity to elevate the role of marketing by explicitly linking corporate valuation to customer activity. However, extant approaches to do so, most notably through customer equity (CE), have seen limited uptake in industry. The authors discuss three important reasons for this: (1) lack of agreement over how CE is (and should be) defined, (2) lack of consistency between CE and shareholder value, and (3) lack of congruence between the CE-based valuation process and how finance professionals currently perform corporate valuation. The authors develop a conceptual framework for an emerging concept called "customer-based corporate valuation" (CBCV) to remedy these issues and enhance adoption of a CE-based paradigm. The authors conclude with implications of these concepts for other marketing topics, including the accounting treatment of marketing investments.


of each essay in English and French appears at the end. The volume is suitable as a graduate text in global political economy. Scholars of international economics, politics, and business, as well as economic policy analysts will find the book timely and illuminating. DEBORAH ANNE PALMERI Columbia University Foreign Policy: USA/USSR. Edited by Charles Kegley, Jr. and Pat McGowan. (Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1982. Pp. 320. $25.00, cloth; $12.50, paper.) The editors of this seventh volume of the Sage International Yearbook of Foreign Policy Studies note at the outset that while American and Soviet foreign policy have individually been the subject of much scholarly attention, their systematic comparison has for the most part been neglected. As a preliminary attempt to fill this void in the literature, Foreign Policy: USA/USSR is reasonably successful. The individual essays are thoughtful, interesting, and refreshingly diverse in their methodological approaches. As is characteristic of edited volumes, however, the work as a whole lacks an explicit set of unifying theoretical or analytical arguments. The reader is left to determine precisely what has been learned through comparison that could not have been learned merely by studying American or Soviet foreign policy on their own terms. The first set of essays is concerned with relationships between the superpowers. Using aggregate data on indicators such as the political use of force and strategic nuclear budgets, Davis Bobrow finds that neither U.S. nor Soviet foreign policy is driven by adherence to "grand designs." That is, neither superpower responds in a consistent pattern to changes in the behavior of the other. For both, foreign policy outcomes are best explained (in the statistical sense, according to the strength of the correlation coefficient, R*) by a series of domestic, rather than interactive factors. Here, as elsewhere in the volume, the relationship between causation and statistically significant correlation needs to be clarified. The question of domestic versus interactive (i.e., systemic) explanatory variables is addressed directly in two other articles. While domestic factors appear to predominate in the area of arms competition, W. Ladd Hollist and Thomas H. Johnson find that interactive factors take on greater significance when their model is extended to cover other areas of political-economic rivalry. Changes in Soviet economic production are found to be related to overall U.S. production, while U.S. research and development expenditures seem to be linked to Soviet economic production, with a one-year lag (p. 73). Again, it is not clear whether there is more than statistical correlation at work. In a comparative analysis of defense spending, William J. Bishop and David S. Sorenson find little support for interactive explanations and attribute both the similarities and differences in U.S. and Soviet expenditure patterns mainly to cultural, historical, and ideological factors operative in each state. 1983 Book Reviews: International Relations 1097 The second set of essays focuses upon "Ideological Orientations and Policy Consequences." While ideology is generally considered a factor that sets the U.S. and the Soviet Union apart, Christer Jonsson, in a provocative essay, finds striking similarities in the foreign policy ideologies of the two superpowers. They share a strong sense of uniqueness and moral superiority, and regard themselves as "members of 'redeemed' societies with a mission of redemption to others" (p. 95). For both states, these attitudes generate the seemingly contradictory foreign policy orientations of intervention and isolation, or in Jonsson's terms, globalism and withdrawal. This essay in particular demonstrates the insights that can be derived from comparative analysis. Similarly important insights are provided by Walter C. Clemens, Jr. in his historically sensitive comparison of U.S. and Soviet policies toward the Third World. Part 3 addresses the response of the superpowers to common problems and issues. William C. Potter finds American and Soviet nuclear export policies to have progressed through the similar phases of secrecy and denial, atoms for peace, and technology denial. Andrew K. Semmel describes U.S. and Soviet patterns of military assistance, paying particular attention to the problems involved in obtaining adequate comparative data. Other authors attempt to model superpower behavior more formally. Harvey Starr uses events data to analyze and determine the utility of alternative models of the U.S.-Sino-Soviet triangle. Jonathan Wilkenfeld and Michael Brecher construct, and test in a preliminary manner, a model of superpower crisis management behavior. William R. Thompson and David P. Rapkin examine the impact of external threat, inertia, and reciprocity on the cohesion of the Western bloc. In an introductory chapter, the editors provide an excellent summary of the material that follows. A concluding chapter would have been useful to systematize the insights generated and to suggest the direction of future research on this important yet neglected topic.


It is well known that algebro-geometric solutions of the KdV hierarchy are constructed from the Riemann theta functions associated with hyperelliptic curves, and that soliton solutions can be obtained by rational (singular) limits of the corresponding curves. In this paper, we discuss a class of KP solitons in connections with space curves, which are labeled by certain types of numerical semigroups. In particular, we show that some class of the (singular and complex) KP solitons of the $l$-th generalized KdV hierarchy with $l\ge 2$ is related to the rational space curves associated with the numerical semigroup $\langle l,lm+1,\dots, lm+k\rangle$, where $m\ge 1$ and $1\le k\le l-1$. We also calculate the Schur polynomial expansions of the $\tau$-functions for those KP solitons. Moreover, we construct smooth curves by deforming the singular curves associated with the soliton solutions. For these KP solitons, we also construct the space curve from a commutative ring of differential operators in the sense of the well-known Burchnall-Chaundy theory.


The questions this paper seeks to answer are roughly the following" (i) Given an arbitrary holomorphic mapping/:/%/-. M' between fixed complex manifolds _M, M' where is compact, upon how many, if any, parameters can/depend? (ii) If such parameters exist, what specifically are the deformations of the holomorphic mapping/? We shall, under a cohomological restriction, answer (i) (Theorem 2); and, under the same cohomological restriction plus a restriction on/, give a solution to (ii) (Theorem 4). As examples show, the cohomological restriction is necessary; however, the restriction on/under (ii) is unsatisfactory and is probably unnecessary.


The several deep changes that happened in the context of worldwide communication, especially related to the science and technology areas, resulted in an extraordinary increase in the production and exchange of information in many knowledge fields. In the history of humanity, several communication technologies were used in the development of societies, the writing process being one of the most important and, afterwards, printing press with its important changes in the documentation and transmission of knowledge. This article describes a panoramic view about knowledge transmission through the times, since the predominance of oral tradition up to the advent of hyperdocuments.


Causes are analyzed in terms of human engineering construction and rainfall.And stability values are calculated under natural and rainstorm conditions.The results show that the landslide is less stable under natural condition and unstable in heavy rain.


The high increase of motorcycles in developing countries makes motorcycles traffic needs a special treatment; otherwise capacity at an intersection are sacrificed. This is because most accident involved motorcycles, and intersection capacity decreased due to improper behavior of motorcyclists. Therefore, the intention of this study is to investigate the behavior of motorcyclists and to find out a better solution that may increase intersection capacity. A field study was carried out at an intersection to perform a proposed measure when motorcycles exist at the approach of an intersection. Results of the experiment showed that the behavior of motorcyclists can be influenced by a measure that increases intersection capacity. This solution may be useful to be adopted in some similar countries in treating motorcycles.


Lung metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) are potentially curable, particularly in children and young adults who often live for decades with diffuse pulmonary metastases that have been appropriately treated. Moreover, radioiodine (I) therapy, also with high cumulative activity, can lead to longer survival time or complete recovery (1). Up to the present time, I was the only available systemic modality to treat patients with metastatic disease and for this reason was repeatedly administered, even when it was not clearly effective (2). Since effective therapeutic strategies are scarce at present, severe complications of radioiodine treatment of pulmonary metastases from thyroid cancer, including radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis, cannot be ignored. Herein, we present a patient with DTC lung metastases, who developed pulmonary fibrosis following repeated high-dose radioiodine therapy with high cumulative I activity. A 12-year-old girl, who had a near-total thyroidectomy and functional lymph node resection for papillary thyroid carcinoma in November 2001, presented to our clinic due to suspected extensive pulmonary metastases from thyroid carcinoma. On computed tomography (CT) plain scan of the chest, the pulmonary lesions were described as ''innumerable micro-nodules scattered throughout the lungs'' (Fig. 1). In January 2002, 3.7 GBq (100 mCi) of I was initially given, since miliary tuberculosis had been excluded. Four weeks before I therapy, L-thyroxine replacement therapy was withdrawn and low iodine diet protocols were applied. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroglobulin (Tg), and Tg autoantibody levels, which were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay system just before the radioiodine administration, were 125 ng=mL, 5120 ng=mL, and 26 U=mL, respectively. A high retention of radioiodine in the lungs was observed 5 days after radioiodine therapy via I scintigraphy, which revealed minimal uptake in the neck and intense uptake throughout both lung fields (Fig. 2). I treatment was then repeated periodically with an interval of 6 months using a high fixed dose of 5.55 GBq (150 mCi) due to persistent lung uptake and continuous decrease of serum Tg level. Thyroxine treatment was given at suppressive doses between I treatment courses. In July 2007, when cumulative activity of I achieved 64.75 GBq (1750 mCi), her stimulated serum Tg decreased to 514 ng=mL and minimal uptake in both lung fields was noticed, suggesting obvious reduction of functional metastases (Fig. 3). Blood cell counts and liver enzymes were always within normal ranges. Unfortunately, a few months later, she developed dyspnea on exertion, and radioiodine therapy was stopped. Over the next 6 months, her shortness of breath progressively increased. Her hypoxia continued to worsen to the point where she could not walk upstairs more than a few meters without becoming severely short of breath. Pulmonary function test revealed a significant decrement in total lung capacity, suggesting interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and restrictive lung disease. Chest CT scan also demonstrated pulmonary fibrosis and thickness of the pleura, in agreement with radiation fibrosis (Fig. 4). Approximately 10% of adults and 20% of children with DTC develop lung metastases sometime in the course of their disease. Fortunately, long-term survival is especially high when lung metastases are too small to be seen on the standard chest radiograph or CT. Ten-year survival rates are 100% when the metastases are only evident on the posttreatment whole body scan. The 10-year survival rates steadily decline as the metastases become larger, falling to about 40% when there are micronodules (<1 cm) on the chest X-ray and about 15% when the nodules are larger than 1 cm (3). Although management strategies for lung metastases vary, I will continue to be a major weapon in the fight against metastatic disease from DTC (4). Most centers use a fixed-dose approach to radioiodine therapy and prescribe 7.4 GBq (200 mCi) of radioiodine for adults, regardless of the extent or size of the lung metastases. Treatment of children with lung metastases is done in the same way, except that the amount of radioiodine administered is adjusted to the child's size (body surface area). An elegant study by Tuttle et al. showed that this empiric dosing strategy frequently results in administered I doses exceeding the maximum tolerable activity safety limit of 200 cGy to the blood or bone marrow in patients who are 70 years old or older. The authors suggested that dosimetryguided radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy be preferable to fixeddose RAI treatment strategies in older patients with thyroid


Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and scrapie are transmissible neurodegenerative diseases of cattle and sheep, respectively. Related spongiform encephalopathies occur in several other animal species and in humans. The etiology of these diseases is incompletely understood, but in all of them there occurs an accumulation of a 23-30-kD proteinase IS (PK)-resistant isoform of a glycoprotein termed the prion protein (PrP). A PK-sensitive isoform of the protein (PrP) with an identical amino acid sequence is found in normal animals. Prion protein (PrP) genes are normal components of the mammalian genome, and both healthy and diseased animals are normally immunotolerant to whichever isoform of PrP is present in their tissues. Scrapie and BSE have traditionally been diagnosed by histopathologic, clinical, and epidemiologic methods because naturally infected animals do not respond serologically to PrP, and diagnosis by laboratory animal inoculation may require up to 18 months. An anti-PrP antibody response to both PrP and PrP can be evoked experimentally using


Consider a random permutation drawn from the set of permutations of length n that avoid a given set of one or several patterns of length 3. We show that the number of occurrences of another pattern has a limit distribution, after suitable scaling. In several cases, the limit is normal, as it is in the case of unrestricted random permutations; in other cases the limit is a non-normal distribution, depending on the studied pattern. In the case when a single pattern of length 3 is forbidden, the limit distributions can be expressed in terms of a Brownian excursion. The analysis is made case by case; unfortunately, no general method is known, and no general pattern emerges from the results. 2012 ACM Subject Classification Mathematics of computing → Permutations and combinations, Mathematics of computing → Probabilistic representations


The present study was performed to determine optimum manufacturing condition for maintenance of rheological properties and retrogradation retardation of Korean rice cake, Garaedduk during shelf-life. We investigated the effect of added moisture volume and physical punching process on several rheological properties of Garaedduk. Garaedduk prepared with non-waxy rice, salt, wheat starch and 24% of water (w/w of swelling rice) was stored at 20°C for 48 h. In order to determine optimum moisture content and punching time, chemorheological and the related quality property changes were analyzed. In this study, we conducted various trials to investigate optimum condition under the five different experimental conditions prepared with manufacturing process determined by our pilot experiments. At results, the key of optimum manufacturing condition for Not-Harden Garaedduk during shelf-life is not one factor but interaction among moisture content, temperature, punching time, and grain starch property. Further study on the mechanism of retrogradationretardation of Not-Harden Garaedduk is now in progress.


Described the state-owned enterprises in the cultural integrity of the "culture" of content,state-owned enterprises and the role of honesty and cultural identity,and on how to strengthen the integrity of state-owned enterprises and cultural development,put forward its own proposal.


The present invention relates to a display apparatus using the multilayer film (104), at a 60 degree angle of incidence at the reflection wavelength (114) of said multilayer film (104) between about 600nm and about 800 nm (red) light protecting the liquid crystal panel (102) light from sun damage. The membrane (104) at normal incidence transmission (116) with visible light at a wavelength between about 420nm and 650nm. The membrane (104) of the outermost surface (106) may be a hard coating (124). It may include a metal oxide layer (120) and a metal layer (130) to reflect infrared light wavelengths greater than approximately 850nm of.


Acoustically induced vibration near points of large pressure reduction in piping systems can cause fatigue failure of the piping material at points of discontinuity.Empirical design curves have been used extensively for the assessment of acoustic fatigue risk level in piping systems. Subsequent development in the field resulted in the application of more detailed methods of analysis including, displacement-based and energy-based Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA).Displacement-based FEA, which provides deterministic approach for the detailed analysis of the vibration response, is suitable for low and intermediate frequency range where the dynamic stresses in the pipe wall can be determined with reasonable certainty.For large complicated systems and high frequency range, the deterministic FEA becomes impractical due to the large number of mode shapes involved and the sensitivity of the results to small changes in system parameters. In these cases, the results of the FEA can have only a statistical value and SEA methods, which are based on statistical approach in contrast to deterministic approach, become more effective. SEA methods require accurate estimation of energy coupling parameters, on which the validity of the methods is dependent.In this paper, energy-based FEA is utilized for the evaluation of the system response and the SEA parameters. Power Spectral Density (PSD) analysis is performed for finite element model of a system consisting of pipe and acoustic fluid. The system is subjected to acoustically induced vibration through the input of acoustic energy at the downstream of a pressure-reducing valve. The system response is obtained and the parameters required for SEA, including the coupling power factor, are estimated.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


Recently semantic caching has become very popular due to its novel method for retrieving information. In semantic caching, the cache not only stores the results of the queries, but also stores the semantic description of queries. This strategy provides a good reuse of the cache contents if the results of the queries exactly match the existing semantic regions. Otherwise some existing semantic regions need to be removed to accommodate new regions which are created by the new queries. The constant replacement of existing semantic regions reduces the efficiency expected from this type of caching, since the queries that are using the same relations could have been answered if the existing semantic regions were merged. Therefore, in this research we propose a novel merging strategy for semantic regions in the cache which can enhance the usage of many applications with little memory resources. Although any information system with client/server architecture can benefit from merging of its existing semantic regions, this strategy is particularly useful for mobile environment, due to memory constraints, communication cost, slow and unreliable connections to the server.


Comprehensive lifestyle changes along with the usual medical
management can reverse what were previously held to be irreversible
processes. Doctors now realise the importance of the more holistic bio-psychosocial
approach to health and disease for whole-person wellness. Lifestyle modifications to increase the healing potentials of the body
include a healthy diet, avoiding environmental toxins, smoking
cessation, exercise, stress reduction, music and, for some, spiritual
enlightenment. In order to develop and understand effective management protocols for
disease treatment, the holistic, interactive nature of a person needs to
be understood. We do have control of the phenotypic expression of disease tendencies
even if we cannot alter our basic genetic blueprint. Caring effectively for the physical body by eating the right foods, getting
sufficient rest and relaxation, regular exercise, smoking cessation,
alcohol in moderation and the prevention of substance abuse remains
one of the most important components of optimal health.


This paper presents a first exploration, qualitative in character, based on a review of 412 songs produced in the period 1960-2009, about islands in rock music as both social products and social tools potentially contributing to shaping ideas, emotions, will, and desires. An initial taxonomy of 24 themes clustered under five meta-themes of space, lifestyle, emotions, symbolism, and social-political relations is provided, together with some proposals for further research.


Currently,the SOA in many fields of application is accepted,which result in the rapid growth of available web services.To meet user complicated needs effectively,a method of web service automated composition based on bounded model checking is proposed.Web services are modeled as a finite state machine and many web services constitute a service to the community.The user requirements are represented by the linear temporal logic formulas,the method can automatically construct solution from the community to satisfy the demand of user requests.Experiments show that this method can adapt to large-scale web service composition scenarios.


In the present work, a novel physical treatment (PLA coating) of sisal fibres and its influence on the water absorption, static and dynamic mechanical properties of its composites has been presented. The treated sisal fibres were used consisted of alkali treatment and PLA coating to fabricate its polyester-based composites by hand lay-up technique keeping constant fibres content as 20 wt.% . Water absorption analysis was carried out in terms of water uptake (%), and sorption, diffusion and permeability coefficient. In addition, static properties were examined in terms of tensile, flexural and impact test, and dynamic mechanical analysis was performed in terms of storage modulus ( E ' ) , loss modulus ( E ″ ) , damping ( tan δ ) and glass transition temperature ( T g ) . It was reported that the PLA-coated sisal composites showed the best performance in water absorption, mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties than pure sisal and alkali-treated sisal composites. There were 33%, 49%, 48%, and 27% improvement in water resistance, tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength, respectively, of PLA-coated sisal composites as compared to that of pure sisal composite.


The daily growing "relative poverty" problem starts to influence the social stability of Zhejiang province,and to become a serious obstacle to the construction of the harmonious society.In order to ensure the construction of harmonious society,we should use the scientific development view to command the overall situation of the social development,to deal correctly with the relationship between justice and efficiency,to improve the urban and rural security system,and to concern the social weak groups.


Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi) produces winged seeds typical of many wind- dispersed pines. However, seedlings often occur in clumps, suggesting that many seeds are scatter-hoarded by animals. An experiment is described that examines how the initially wind-dispersed seeds end up in animal caches. Two arrays of 1064 Jeffrey pine seeds were arranged around two "source" trees in a pattern predicted from models of wind dispersal. Seeds were labeled with radioactive scandium-46 and numbered 1-12 with indelible ink to represent the 12 1 -m wide annuli centered on the source tree where they were deployed. Within 2 d, between 95 and 99% of the seeds had been removed by rodents. Fifty-four and 35% of the seeds were found stored at the two sites, most of these in shallow surface caches. Seed caches were located 1.3-54.2 m and 6.2-62.9 m from the "source" trees at sites one and two, respectively. Mean distance of the "wind-dispersed" seeds from the source tree was 4.6 m, and rodents moved seeds a mean of 13.0 m farther at site 1 and 24.7 m farther at site 2. Of 375 minimum dispersal measurements, seeds were carried away from the source tree 362 times. Four rodent species may have participated in caching the seeds, but yellow pine chipmunks (Tamias amoenus) appeared to be the species that cached most of the seeds. In a second experiment where rodents were excluded, seeds placed on the soil surface in fall rarely became buried during the winter, and if not buried, they would not germinate. Jeffrey pine seeds appear to be dispersed in two phases; seeds are initially scattered by the wind, and subsequently carried farther and cached in soil by animals.


The paper describes the evaluation method for the radius of plastic region by numerical solving through Kastner formula instead of evaluation by discount. It is reguired that not only the radius of excavation circle, i.e. the shape coefficient formed according to different excavation area should be adopted properly, but also the man-made resistance of support during excavation should be taken into account specially. These two aspects are valuable experiences summarized from construction practice of Jiazhuqing Tunnel.


Background: In Thailand, the incidence of pediatric HIV who received antiretroviral drugs (ARV) increased while the Public Health Ministry had Children ARV Network project . We collected data for management at our clinic. Objective: To describe characteristic of pediatric HIV patient who visit at Khon Kaen Hospital. Method: A retrospective study was conducted on patients who attended pediatric infectious clinic from January 2003 to June 2008. Results: One hundred and six patients were recruited. Male to female ratio was 1:1.4. Age onset was in range 3 months to 14 years. The most common symptom presentation was respiratory problem. The average CD4 at onset was 8.5% after recieved ARV CD4 was risen about 16%. There were 4 patient died from opportunistic infection. The author found 4 patients had complication from ARV. Conclusion: Pediatric HIV patient may present symptom at any age. Recommendations: Pediatric HIV patient must be screening for pulmonary tuberculosis. Growth failure in pediatric HIV patient is bad prognosis.


I t must be obvious from the diverse scientific disciplines represented by the contributors to this monograph that protein labeling is an extremely useful and versatile procedure. However, cven tliis publication, because of limitations of space, cannot record all of tlie investigations that have been perfornied with I'31-labeled proteins. Tlie availability of a simple method for labeling niolecules with the importance that proteins have in biological processes is bound to excite great interest and attention. The use of Ils1 as a protein label, however, implies tliat the protein molecule ha5 been altered in that iodine has been introduced artificially into the iiative protein. Tlie problem posed is not whether the protein lias been changed-it obviously has heen altered-but rather tlie cxtent or degree of this change and the effect of this laheliiig procedure on any proposed study. In tlie space allotted to me I should like briefly to reetnphasize some of the factors that have been recognized as important in the interpretation of data obtained with An important consideration in the use of proteins labeled in this manner is the technique employed for iodination. I t has become increasingly evident1, that differences in iodinating technique will yield proteins that behave in a different maniicr biologically. A cogent illustration of this prohlem is the trace-iodination of diphtheria toxin. This agent has been traceiodinated by 2 different methods3 In one method, free iodine "as liberated in aii acid medium with nitrite4 and, in the other, iodination was performed by using the exchaiige of P1 with triiodide.K The use of the nitrite-acid in 2 experiments yielded a product with only one-third to one-tenth the toxicity of the native toxin. The other technique of iodination yielded a laheled toxin with essentially the same toxicity as that of the native toxin. These resultc clearly show the need fnr defining the niethod of iodination and of characterizing the product obtained wiih each technique. Jt is conceivable that some ot the discreparicies that have arisen in reconciling the results of different investigators niay be due, in part, to the use of dissimilar products, resulting from variations in iodination. proteins is that involved in tlie radiochemical effects occurring in proteins. Thr decay of this radioisotope releaces eiiergy o i a magnitude tnany tiniec that involved in chemical reactions. T h i c releasecl energy manifests itself as recoil energy and energv liberatet1 from the interaction of fl and y radiation with the solution, either with the protein niolecules or thoce of the solvent. Tn addition to these effects, one must consider the effect on the protein niolecule of the transmutation of the ioclitie atom to xenon following the tlrcay of eacli nucleus. Csiiig simplifying assuniptiom, it can be shown that the recoil eiiergies of the more energetic fi and y radiations of are proteins.


Our desire to deliver increased functionality while setting tighter operational and regulative boundaries has fueled a recent influx of highly coupled systems. Nonetheless, our current capacity to successfully deliver them is still in its infancy. Understanding how such Designed systems are structured, along with how they compare to their naturally Evolved counterparts, can play an important role in bettering our capacity to do so. Based on this premise, the structural patterns underlying a wide range of seemingly unrelated systems are uncovered using tools from network science. By doing so, structural patterns emerge and are subsequently used to highlight both similarities and differences between the two classes of systems. With a focus on the Designed class, and assuming that increased structural variety fuels design uncertainty, it is shown that their adherence to statistical normality (i.e., expected vs. encountered patterns and statistical correlations between combinations of such patterns) is rather limited. Insight of this sort has both theoretical (context agnostic approaches are increasingly relevant within the domain of Systems Engineering, yet are rarely used) and practical (transferability of knowledge) implications.


The aim of the paper is to suggest ways of using poetry as a defossilizing force motivating students to reflect on grammar and its most problematic issues. Having presented learners' fossilized language competence in terms of grammar, involving examples of inaccuracies and/or understatements manifested by the advanced learners of Polish as a foreign language (146 students of the Polish Language Course attending the School of Polish Language and Culture at the University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland), suggestions for teachers of Polish as a foreign language and students themselves are offered. These include a few examples of activities based on poems believed to be perfect de-fossilizing teaching materials.


It is known from geometric optics that a change in refractive index is potentially reflective if it occurs over scales much smaller than the wavelength of the incident waves. The limitations of this assumption for hydrostatic orographic gravity waves are tested here using linear theory and a method recently developed by the authors to evaluate the reflection coefficient, based on the wave drag. Two atmospheric profiles optimally suited to this method are adopted, the first with piecewise constant static stability (representative of a tropopause), and the second with constant wind speed near the surface, and a linearly decreasing wind aloft below a critical level (relevant to downslope windstorms). Both profiles consist of two atmospheric layers separated by a transition layer with controllable thickness, where the parameters vary continuously. The variation of the reflection coefficient between its maximum (for a zero‐thickness transition layer) and zero, as the ratio of the thickness of the transition layer to the vertical wavelength increases, is studied systematically. The reflection coefficient attains half of its maximum for a value of this ratio of about 0.3, but its exact variation depends on the jump in static stability between the two layers in the first profile, and the Richardson number at the critical level in the second. For a stronger contrast between the two layers, the reflection coefficient is larger, but also decays to zero faster for thinner transition layers. According to these results, most atmospheric profile features perceived as discontinuities are likely to have close‐to‐maximum reflection coefficients, and the variation of atmospheric parameters over a sizeable fraction of the troposphere can still lead to significant wave reflection. These results seem to hold quantitatively to a good degree of approximation in moderately nonlinear flow for the first atmospheric profile, but only qualitatively for the second one.


A new methodology was developed to synthesize uniform rutile (α-TiO2) nanocrystals by the thermohydrolysis of titanium(IV) chloride in hydrochloric acid−alcohol aqueous solutions at 40−90 °C. Depending on the acidity, the solvent used, and the aging temperature, rod-shaped rutile nanocrystals in sizes ranging from ∼100 nm to 800 nm were obtained. Nanocrystal size and shape are shown to be strongly and systematically related to the type and the concentration of alcohol used in the alcohol−water solvent, as well as the presence or absence of both cationic and anionic surfactants. No other titania phases, such as anatase or brookite, were detected using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy.


This article looks at the inclusion of non-state actors in security sector reform (SSR) programming, specifically when efforts are made to strengthen local-level security through police reform. It explores how the role of non-state actors has been conceptualised vis-à-vis the role of states as providers of security and justice in fragile state settings. It is argued that even though the central role of non-state actors in SSR in general and policing in particular has increasingly been acknowledged, the imperative of state building, which continues to structure SSR, makes non-state actors as providers of security at the local level an uneasy bedfellow. Based on experiences around police reform in sub-Saharan Africa, Sierra Leone in particular, the article illustrates how key personnel and advisers in police programming are aware of the importance to engage communities and develop context-specific programmes, but fall back on state-centric approaches. As will be outlined, there are many reasons for this, including the political context in which SSR is undertaken, pressure to achieve results and the like.


Employees face an array of moral issues in their everyday decision making. Environmental concerns, employee and community welfare, and the interests of other companies (competitors, customers, and suppliers) are only a few examples. Yet, businesses do not always address the issue of how employees should assess the moral import of their actions and incorporate these considerations into their decisions. As a result, moral considerations are often ignored, leading to unethical practices which may hurt the long-term interests of the company. In this paper, we present a model to help eliminate this problem. Our model uses expectancy theory, a process theory of motivation, to show that teaching employees to engage in moral reasoning, and creating a corporate culture in which ethical behavior is both encouraged and rewarded, can increase the likelihood that a company's employees will act ethically. I. Ethical dilemmas and business culture In the January/February, 1968 volume of the Harvard Business Review, Albert Carr argued that business is a game and, like other games, is played by its own set of rules (Carr, 1968). In particular, he argued that business bluffing (i.e., lying) is a convention which the rules of business both support and encourage. More significantly, Carr argued that, because business bluffing is conventional, it is not and should not be subject to norms applicable outside the business realm. Any plausibility this position might have comes at the expense of ignoring the moral implications which business activities have for non-economic concerns. The effects of the 1980's Wall Street insider trading scandals and the environmental impact of business operations are just two examples of what can happen when these concerns are ignored. Business is not a self-contained institution, and this fact should be reflected in its moral norms. We take it as axiomatic that businesses and their employees should consider the ethical implications of actions in their decision making. The growing number of businesses which have explicit ethics codes, training programs, ombudsmen, and/or ethics committees suggests that we are not alone in our convictions. However, many businesses still face the challenge of turning their moral principles into practice. Part of this challenge involves developing an explicit method to motivate employees at act ethically, thereby preserving not only the integrity of business conventions and institutions, but also the personal, cultural, and environmental concerns which fall outside of them. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a process by which ethical reasoning and behavior may be implemented, encouraged, and applied in organizational settings. Our paper is directed towards business executives and managers who must daily confront increasingly complex issues in an already complex world; we hope to present a practical, yet theoretically sound approach to these issues. We begin by presenting an experiMotivating Employees to Act Ethically: An Expectancy Robert S. Fudge Theory Approach John L. Schlacter Journal of Business Ethics 18: 295–304, 1999. © 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Robert S. Fudge is a Ph.D. student in philosophy at Syracuse University. His research interests include the philosophy of music and business ethics. John L. Schlacter is Professor of Marketing at Arizona State University. His research and teaching interests include marketing management, sales force management, and buyer behavior. He also consults with a variety of organizations and is an active participant in various management development programs. mentally well-supported motivational model (specifically, expectancy theory). We then discuss specific kinds of programs organizations have used to teach moral reasoning to their employees. These programs are discussed in the context of expectancy theory to demonstrate that improving moral reasoning skills is not sufficient to motivate ethical behavior; a culture which encourages these behaviors must also be developed. To this end, we present a three-step process for developing such a culture. Finally, we demonstrate our model's explanatory power by applying it to specific examples. II. Expectancy theory Motivational models are commonly divided between those which focus on an individual's internal attributes (content theories) and those which focus on the individual's interactions with her environment (process theories). Expectancy theory is a process theory of motivation, according to which motivation is a function of individuals' perceptions of their environment and the expectations they form based on these perceptions. While the organizational psychology literature includes a number of motivational theories, we have selected expectancy theory as our "implementation mechanism" for several reasons. First, the theory has been subjected to rigorous academic testing and has been shown to have strong support. Second, the theory is straightforward and easily understood. Third, one of the authors has found the approach particularly useful in helping to refocus behaviors and the corporate culture within several organizations with which he is associated in a consulting capacity. Finally, and most important, the theory is complex enough to suggest a number of strategies an organization can employ to encourage ethical behavior from its employees. First developed by Vroom (1964), expectancy theory identifies three factors which play an interactive role in motivation. The first of these factors, effort-performance expectancy (referred to hereafter as "E-P expectancy"), concerns the individual's perception that effort is positively correlated with level of performance. An experienced office clerk who believes he can increase the number of words he types per minute by exerting greater effort has a high E-P expectancy. A less experienced typist may realize that no matter how much effort she puts into typing, her performance is fixed at a low level; this latter clerk has a low E-P expectancy. Expectancy theory predicts that, ceteris paribus, the person with high E-P expectancy will be more motivated to perform than will the person with low E-P expectancy. Now consider Helen and Lois, who perform similar jobs. Although Helen is an inexperienced employee who can only minimally improve her productivity by working harder, she believes that her productivity increases dramatically when she works hard. Lois, on the other hand, is a much more experienced worker whose productivity varies widely with her level of effort. However, she believes that her productivity remains virtually unchanged, no matter how much effort she expends. Because E-P expectancy is a measure of the preceived correlation between effort and performance, Helen has a higher E-P expectancy than does Lois; hence, expectancy theory predicts that Helen will be more motivated to work harder than will Lois. The second factor in expectancy theory, performance-outcome expectancy, or instrumentality, concerns a person's expectations that the rewards he will receive are closely tied to his level of performance. A paradigm example of someone who ought to have high instrumentality is a salesperson paid on straight commission. At the other extreme, a person who works for straight wages and who has no prospect of receiving a performance bonus, no matter how good his performance, will have a very low instrumentality. As with E-P expectancy, the perceived (not actual) correlation between performance and reward is relevant. So, a person who wrongly believes he will receive a raise for working hard has a higher instrumentality than someone who is unaware she will be promoted for her performance. Again, expectancy theory predicts that the former person will be more motivated to perform than will the latter. Valence, the degree to which an individual values a particular reward, is the third compo296 R. S. Fudge and J. L. Schlacter


The purpose of this study was to develop, a mathematical model for the absorption of 2 into droplets of a Ca(OH)2 slurry in a pilot scale spray dryer. Th1s model is an expansion of the two film theory arid uses basic spray drying expressions to predict contact times. The developed model uses a series of resistances and a series of drying periods. The resistances are: (a) gas film, (b) liquid film, (c) solid dissolution, and (d) ash film. The drying periods are: (a) constant rate and (b) falling rate. The model also includes droplet breakup into particles between the constant and falling rate


Portable moist heat transport system, and the water vapor source and steam generation portion with a heat source, and a water vapor / air conditioning parts with a water vapor / air mixture layer and water vapor / air distribution layer, the steam generation portion and the water vapor / air conditioning moiety is in fluid communication with the steam / air regulation portion transports moist heat at a preselected temperature range, has a latent heat transport surface disposed adjacent the water vapor / air-conditioning parts, from about 15% to about 95% of the heat and humidity is the latent heat of condensation. Methods, improvement of pain relief, including to bring improvement in the blood flow, improvement of relaxation, and a decrease in the workload of the heart.


A theory of resonant energy transfer in lanthanide complexes with chiral ligands is developed within the independent systems model. The second‐ and third‐order expressions for the amplitude of energy transfer are derived and their sensitivity to the ligand chirality is discussed. It is shown that within the presented model only the dynamic coupling mechanism gives different energy transfer rates for racemic and resolved systems. The general expression for the stereoselectivity of energy transfer is presented and its approximate value is estimated.


Studied a class of generalized accompanying system x =-y + δx + lx~2 +mxy + bxy~ + ax~3,y = xφ(y) of the cubic system x =-y + ex + lx~2 + mxy +bxy~2 + ax~3,y = x.The origin is the center or focus is judged.Using the theory of a rotating vector field,the sufficient conditions for no-existence of limit cycles are obtained.By using the second method of Lyapunov for Hopf bifurcation problem,some sufficient conditions for the existence of limit cycle of the system are obtained.By using the uniqueness theorem of Coppel for limit cycles,some sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of limit cycle are obtained.


Avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are highly contagious and fatal diseases affecting most species of poultry. The mortality rate of poultry infected by NDV is almost 100% and is over 80% for high pathogenic AIV. High fatality rate may cause significant economic loss of agricultural products. Furthermore, high pathogenic AIV may cause viral transmission from avian to human and genetic mutation to infect from person to person, therefore leading to human pandemics. In this study, a new approach for using magnetic beads-conjugated molecular beacons to rapidly diagnose AIV was demonstrated. The diagnosis process can be automatically performed on a microfluidic system within 30 minutes. The developed system may provide a useful platform for multiple pathogen detection for poultry.


The Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion and the magnetic structure of ${\text{LaMnO}}_{3}$ were studied with first-principles theoretical calculations based on the projector augmented-wave method in generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and $\text{GGA}+U$. If internal coordinates and lattice constants were optimized, GGA calculations failed to predict the experimental ground state with A-type antiferromagnetic (A-AFM) ordering like in other calculations, while $\text{GGA}+U$ calculations reproduced the experimental JT distortion and the A-AFM ground state successfully. It was also shown that a large on-site Coulomb repulsion ${U}_{\text{eff}}$ on the $\text{La}\text{ }4f$ states does not affect the results significantly.


THE COURSE of the law is influenced by various types of philosophy. Of course, the influence of jurisprudence, the philosophy whose specific subject matter is law, is well recognized. Every lawyer knows that jurisprudential opinions--conceptions of the nature, meaning and operation of law--have at all times found expression in legislative acts, judicial and administrative decisions. Social and economic philosophies are incontestibly other important factors in shaping the law.


The objective of this work was to assess soybean genotypes for seed sanity, with a method by which a sanity index (elimination and classification) is obtained based on non-parametric analysis. This index consisted in the elimination of genotypes with pathogen incidence above a certain value, established by the researcher, and then the classification of the noneliminated genotypes in the first step, ordering them according to the incidence of the pathogens. To verify its effectiveness, it was accomplished a simulation study and comparison of this proposed method with others, and its use in germination and sanity data of seeds from soybean lineages and cultivars of final experiments of the Soybean Breeding Program of Departmento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, in 2002/2003 crop season. The weights of the variables and the cut limits used in the index were established considering studies related to seeds sanity and their germinations. The use of the proposed index allows the ranking of soybean genotypes, regarding to the sanitary quality of the seeds, and the elimination from the analyses of the genotypes that have not reached the requested minimum levels.


The present investigation is on the effects of X-irradiation on the ovaries of mice derived from exposed oocytes. The ovaries were studied at different postconception ages to maturity. As the embryos developed from day 13 postcoitum to maturity, the ova underwent significant reduction. The degenerative processes which take place during early meiosis contribute to this reduction. It is concluded that irradiation of oocytes results in discernible alterations in the ova of the F1 young.


Abstract Introduction: Cancer-associated thrombosis leads to morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Thromboembolism can be prevented with the use of existing and emerging anticoagulants. We sought to ascertain awareness as well as receptiveness to anticoagulation amongst ambulatory cancer patients receiving active therapy. Methods: Two-hundred-fifty 12 question surveys were distributed to ambulatory cancer patients at the James P. Wilmot Cancer Center of the University of Rochester. Patients included in this study were those with active cancer, age ≥ 18 years and ambulatory. Hospitalized patients were excluded. Data was gathered regarding: age, gender, stage as well as type of malignancy, awareness of increased risk of venous thromboembolism and willingness to use various forms of anticoagulation. Results: One hundred ninety surveys (76%) were completed over a three week period. Study population consisted of 71 males (37%) and 119 females (63%) with mean age of 58. Malignancies surveyed include: lymphoma 26%, breast 20%, gastrointestinal 15%, leukemia 9% and lung cancer 7% among others. Nineteen percent of patients had stage IV malignancy. Of the patients surveyed, 53% reported being unaware of the increased risk of VTE with malignancy. Eighty-six percent of patients surveyed would be willing to use an oral anticoagulant 46% would be willing to perform daily anticoagulant injections. Conclusions: Prophylaxis for VTE in ambulatory cancer patients is an area of active investigation and could lead to improvements in morbidity and mortality. This study reveals a lack of knowledge of the increased risk of VTE amongst cancer patients. However, informed patients expressed willingness to use prophylaxis if shown effective to reduce VTE in the ambulatory setting.


A chronic total occlusion (CTO) is the most extreme form of coronary artery disease (CAD). Patients with a CTO have a worse clinical outcome compared to non-CTO patients, irrespective of age or other co-morbidities. Especially patients presenting with a ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), in whom (accidently) a concurrent CTO is found, have increased morbidity and mortality. In contrary invasive treatment of CTO lesions is infrequently performed. The question whether routine early percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the concurrent CTO after successful primary PCI for STEMI will lead to improved outcome is the main endpoint of the Evaluating Xience and LV Function in PCI on Occlusions After STEMI (EXPLORE) trial. The thesis presented here is an in-depth exploration of this important question.