1 The Bavarian Road Administration (BRA) is responsible for all extra-urban traffic signals in the 2 German state of Bavaria. The BRA is instructed by ministerial decree to establish a quality 3 management system for its traffic signals including periodical reviews of relevant performance 4 indicators at the signals. Proposed practice is to interview the participating 19 State Building 5 Offices. However, such an approach would be expensive, time-consuming and not sufficiently 6 consistent. 7 The paper presents an alternative multi-step approach to support the required signal 8 reviews in a large-scale generic analysis. The procedure is solely based on anonymized GPS 9 probe data from navigation devices and works in the following way: a special fine-granular 10 digital map together with the locations of the traffic signals work as starting points. Then, in a 11 generic geo-fencing step the areas of influence around the signalized junctions are determined 12 and the probe data is map-matched onto that qualified network. From this map-matched data 13 paths are identified that represent the different maneuvers of the probe vehicles through the 14 intersection area. Finally, delay times and other indicators of all the travelled paths at a junction 15 are calculated by comparing all individual measured path travel times with reference travel times 16 on the paths. These reference travel times have also been calculated from GPS probe data 17 analyzing path-speed distributions. 18 This is the first time an approach was developed which allows an automatic analysis of a 19 huge number of traffic light control systems at intersections at a time. It was possible to provide 20 the data and figures of 2300 Bavarian traffic signals to the BRA in support of the evaluation of 21 their traffic signals. 22 23 Wünsch et al.


Based on the analysis of China's social transition causes of the ecological crisis and its performance, this paper analyzes the strategic signifi cance of solving the ecological crisis from the linear economy to circular economy in depth and gives some fi nancial recommendations to take sustainable development model.


This is a two-volume book with the complete three-volume digital version available online. The online access via expertconsult.inkling.com requires a user name and password. The hard copy has 34 chapters. Chapters 35 to 43 are online and comprise neuromuscular and other orthopaedic disorders. Fifty-eight videos of operative procedures, scoliosis casting techniques and patients' clinical examination are available online.


The invention discloses a signal acquisition component of a power battery module, the power battery module and an automobile. The signal acquisition component of the power battery module comprises a substrate, a power connector, a signal acquiring wire and a signal acquiring element, wherein the power connector is fixed on the substrate; the signal acquiring wire is composed of a flake conductor paved on the substrate; a first end of the signal acquiring wire is connected with the power connector; the signal acquiring element is arranged on the substrate and is connected with the signal acquiring wire. According to the signal acquisition component of the power battery module provided by the embodiment of the invention, the signal acquiring wire is composed of the flake conductor paved on the substrate, so that the wire is prevented from being used for transferringthe signal, the signal acquisition component with such a structure is conveniently formed and the universality is strong.


The organobentonite was synthesized from natural bentonite and benzyldimethylsteary-lammonium chloride(1827).The effect of reaction temperature and time on organiclevel(floating mass ratio to total product mass) was studied.The experimental results indicaled that at 96.6% of organiclevel could be achieved when the reaction temperature and time were(150°C) and 120 min respectively. The structure of the obtained organobentonite was characterized by IR,XRD,TEM and DSC-TG.The content of organic matter was 38.4% and the distance between layers increased to 1.97 nm from 1.21 nm.


Current criminal law does not stipulate the 'crime of diffusing infectious disease', which brings forth some obstacles in prevention of SARS at present. On 15th May 2003, the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate issued "the explanation of about handling and controlling cases concerning diffusing infectious disease crimes by use of laws 2003(8)". Its 1st regulation stipulated that those who spread infectious diseases and pathogen would be punished for endangering the public health. This paper analyzes the crime of endangering public health and proposes that 'the crime of diffusing infectious disease' should be established in criminal law.


The synthesis of well-defined macromolecular structures with controlled properties is critical for the production of advanced materials for biological and industrial applications. Inspired by nature's ability to create proteins with exquisite control, we focus on the applications of elastin and elastin-derived polymers for materials design. The elucidation of elastin biochemical, conformational and physical properties offers insight into the fabrication of novel biomaterials. As part of this review, we highlight some of the recent advances that permit the generation of customized elastin-based polymers. These developments provide an added level of control vital to the future construction of tailor-made supramolecular structures with emergent physical, mechanical and biological properties.


When an ad hoc network with limited link capacities is used to transport high-rate, latency-constrained multimedia streams, it is important that routing algorithms not only yield high aggregated bandwidth, but also minimize network congestion to avoid excessive delay. We propose a distributed algorithm to achieve congestion-minimized multi-path routing. The optimal solution can be approximated by decomposing the total target rate into a sequence of rate increments, and using the classical Bellman-Ford algorithm to find a corresponding minimum-cost route for each increment. Simulation results for video streaming over an ad hoc network show that compared to a centralized scheme, the approximations introduced by the distributed algorithm lead to performance loss of less than 0.5 dB in PSNR of received video quality


There is increasing interest in IR window materials with transmissionn limits of > 5 μm, increased mechanical toughness, and higher temperature capability. ZrO2, which transmits to 7-8 μm is a possible candidate material for such needs. While its IR cut-off is at somewhat shorter wavelengths than other candidates (e.g. Y203 with a cut-off of - 9 μm), ZrO2 offers the potential of significant toughening via a two phase, i.e. partially stabilized, structure. Such structures, and the relevant toughening mechanisms are reviewed, and the resultant mechanical properties discussed, particularly for the Zr02-Y203 system. For example, some materials in this system can give strengths of about 1.5 GPa (200,000 psi) at 22°C and nearly 0.7 GPa (100,000 psi) at 1500°C for laboratory test specimens. Preliminary optical measurements, including some outlining optical scattering effects of the second (precipitate) phase, required for mechanical toughening are presented. These suggest that useful transmission in the range of interest is achievable with these toughened ZrO2 materials.


Covers topics such as the structure of phenetic diversity of fish, species and infraspecific subdivisions in fishes, and latitudinal differences in the degree and structure of phenetic diversity of fishes.


Gasification characteristics of natural coke in Peicheng mine with CO_2 are investigated with thermogravimetric apparatus.The gasification characteristic differences between natural coke and its raw coal are compared at different temperatures.The effects of gasification temperature, flow rate of gasification media and operating pressure in the gasification process of natural coke are examined.The results show that the gasification characteristics of the Peicheng natural coke are approximate to those of its raw coal,only slightly higher than those of the raw coal.The gasification temperature has significant influences on gasification properties.When the gasification temperature is at 1000℃,sample weight of natural coke is about 10 mg at atmosphere pressure.The influnence of diffusion is almost eliminated when flow rate of gas is up to 60 mL/min in gasification.As the pyrolysis pressure increases,the gasification reaction rate increases and the carbon conversion rate also gets increased,but it increases nonlinearly.The pressure has weak influences on reductive reaction of natural coke-CO_2 at high pressure.


The ''spin‐forbidden'' c 3Σ+←X 1Σ+ and b 3Π←X 1Σ+ band systems have been studied in the excitation spectrum of the 23Na39K molecule in the range of 560–600 nm. Single mode continuous wave (cw) dye laser excitation in a supersonic molecular beam yielded Doppler‐free spectra and allowed resolution of the hyperfine structure of lines. Mutual perturbations of the c 3Σ+, b 3Π, and B 1Π states were studied. The observed vibrational variation of perturbation matrix elements for c 3Σ+–B 1Π interaction was used to assign the absolute vibrational numbering in the c state. The deperturbed molecular constants of this state have been found and its fine structure examined. The hyperfine structure in the c 3Σ+ and b 3Π states was studied for several vibrational levels and through a wide range of J values. For the c 3Σ+ state, fits of known theoretical expressions for the hyperfine energies to the experimental data provided accurate values of the hyperfine coupling constants. The results are discussed in terms of the ele...


Different scales of change imply the need for different approaches to study change in ecosystems. I determined if proximate causes for ecosystem change are apparent at different biological and spatial scales by analyzing time series at fairly short temporal scales (< 30 years). I determined whether complex dynamics involving abundance could be described for a single species whose population units are distinctly defined, for two deep-sea species, and for the demersal fish community of the northeast Newfoundland-Labrador Shelf using two newer approaches of multivariate time series analysis: minimax autocorrelation factor analysis (MAFA) and dynamic factor analysis (DFA). I analyzed trends in abundance and, for the demersal community, mean size and investigated the relationships between observed trends and external factors (environmental, exploitation and natural (non-human) predation) operating on time lags. No one factor fully explained fish population and community dynamics in the Northwest Atlantic, but rather a combination of factors operating over several temporal scales were largely responsible for the dynamics seen today. No one scale captures all the dynamics in abundance and mean size for populations, deep-sea species, or the fish community. -- Before using the techniques on deep-sea species, I wanted to determine if the data were adequate to describe trends in "non-traditional" fishery species; for this, I used generalized linear models. I discovered several deep-sea species qualified as endangered. From that analysis arose questions regarding statistical rigor: does the loss of comprehensiveness bias results? I assessed several approaches to analyzing population change that explicitly dealt with differing degrees of data filtering and the comprehensiveness of associated metrics with a detailed examination of two North Atlantic endemic deep-sea species, Macrourus berglax and Coryphaenoides rupestris. Statistical rigor is necessary, not to show that a trend exists in available data for deep-sea species, but to ensure that the trend is real. When assessing temporal trends under any conditions, ensuring the comparability of the index over time is extremely important.


ABSTRACT ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGY, STRUCTURE, AND PROCESS. Raymond E. Miles and Charles C. Snow. Stanford, California: Stanford Business Books, 2003, 304 pages. Reviewed by Scott E. Provost. USING PUBLIC RELATIONS TO PROMOTE YOUR NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION. Kinzey, R. The Haworth Press, Inc.: Binghamton, NY, 1999, 233 pages.. Reviewed by Judith Rockaway.


PURPOSE: An apparatus and a method for receiving random accessing signals in a wireless communication system are provided to reduce complexity for receiving uplink random access signals by restricting the number of random access signal sequences for confirming the transmission of a base station. CONSTITUTION: A controlling signal extractor(105) extracts random access signals from signals received through an antenna. Signal sequence generators(107-1 to 107-n) multiply candidate signal sequences to the random access signals in order to generate signal sequences. A signal sequence selector(109) selects signal sequences to be detected by calculating the differential correlation of signal sequence components at a sub carrier wave position adjacent to the signal sequences. Detectors(113-1 to 113-npre) detect the selected signal sequences.


Objecting grasping is a widely concerned interaction method of prosthetic hands, which is a complicated task remaining to explore and optimize. Aiming to grasp various objects adaptively, a five-finger dexterous soft prosthetic hand is proposed in this paper. Traditional prosthetic hand structures mainly rely on external feedback signals including visual information, which would be disturbed by many factors. Compared with external information, internal signals would be more reliable. Thus, some internal sensors have been equipped in the designed hand to detect grasping motion state, with tactile sensors measuring contact force on fingertips and curvature sensors evaluating fingers' length deformation. Further, an adaptive control strategy is adopted to improve the performance of the designed prosthetic hand. Finally, a series of experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. The corresponding results following the analysis show that the designed prosthetic hand can achieve great grasping performance on various unknown objects under the specific control strategy.


The dual themes of conservation of biological resources and rural development are explored in this book by biologists, anthropologists, agricultural scientists and policy analysts. Using traditonal resource management systems as the basis of study, the contributors assess traditional management of plant and animal diversity, explore the rationale for "in situ" conservation and discuss existing and possible linkages between development and conservation.


We present the results of new observations of the 7.7 s X-ray pulsar 4U 1626--67 with SAS 3. We confirm the presence of quasi-periodic oscillations in the X-ray intensity and demonstrate that these oscillations have a preferred time scale of approx.1 x 10/sup 3/ s but are not strictly periodic. We also place stringent new upper limits on orbital motion of the X-ray star for orbital periods between 10 s and 7 hr. This evidence lends further support to a model for this source composed of a neutron star that is accreting matter from a low-mass main-sequence dwarf or degenerate dwarf companion in a highly compact binary system. If this picture is correct, it is likely that the time scale of the quasi-periodic oscillations is directly related to the orbital period. We discuss other properties of this model, which may be applicable to other galactic X-ray sources. In particular, we analyze the temporal evolution of X-ray luminosity, L/sub x/, from such a system under the assumption that the mass transfer is driven by the decay of the orbit due to gravitational radiation, and we show that high luminosities (L/sub x/> or approx. =10/sup 36/ ergs s/sup -1/) may well bemore » attained during some phases of the binary evolution.« less


Diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) are expected to play an important role in interdisciplinary materials science and future spintronics because charge and spin of electrons are accommodated into single matter resulting in interesting magnetic, magneto-optical, magneto-electric and other properties. In this paper, the recent progress in developing ZnO-based DMSs was reviewed, the hot research and existing problems were evaluated, much better analysis was proposed, and some potential use of DMSs was also presented.


Abstract 5071 The essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a myeloid neoplasm characterized by a inflammatory component responsible for myeloproliferation and hypercoagulability. It has been showed that interleukin-15 (IL-15) affects myelopoiesis and coagulation. Therefore, we evaluated platelets, hematocrit (HCT), as myeloproliferative indicator, tissue factor (TF), as marker of coagulative activation and IL-15. We recruited 25 patients with ET (10 males and 15 females, mean age 58 years) who fulfilled WHO criteria. Their mean duration of disease was 8 years (range, 5–21 years). All patients were on aspirin. None of the patients had thrombotic risk factors. Platelets and HCT were measured by automated analyser. IL-15 and TF were measured by ELISA. All patients had thrombocytosis (961±235×109/L), high HCT (42±4 vs 37±1 %) (p Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Students of ancient Greek and Roman medicine have long desired a replacement for J. S. Milne's 1907 Surgical Instruments in Greek and Roman Times. Ernst Kűnzl's excellent 1983 Medizinische Instrumente aus Sepulkralfunden showed what could be done, although it was restricted to grave finds and did not include other material from general museum collections.1 Since then there have been more finds, better texts, and more sophisticated methodologies, all of which are on display in this learned work, the fruit of forty years of research in collections around the world. It will long be the standard work of reference. It is what it says: a description and analysis of the instruments used in ancient surgery. After a brief introduction listing authors and sketching an outline of ancient surgical practice, it is divided into three chronological sections; Hippocratic, that is, roughly to 300 BCE, Hellenistic, to 31 BCE, and, most substantial of all, Roman, from then until the seventh century CE. Each section lists the instruments mentioned in texts surviving from its period, which leads to an acknowledged underestimate of the contribution of Hellenistic surgeons, none of whose work survives, save in fragments or later reports. Evidence on papyri published after Marganne's 1998 study is hard to trace: the recent Oxyrhynchus papyrus 5240, detailing eye surgery, came too late for inclusion. Surviving examples of instruments from each period are discussed in the text and in the footnotes. Under the heading of each instrument, or group of instruments, Bliquez gives the evidence for the name and its identification with surviving instruments, followed by a listing of the uses for which they are recommended, sometimes organized by author. An appendix lists other materials, such as wool or a truss, mentioned in connection with ancient operations. In short, this is a dictionary of ancient instruments, and very valuable for that. But it is not easy to use, even with the indexes, and, with a few exceptions, tracing instruments from a particular site or museum is extremely difficult. In order to


The course of Computer Control Technology now is a widely given lesson specialized in computer science in engineering colleges.In this paper we discussed the present teaching status and existing problems for computer science in our university.At the same time we stated the main reasons about these problems by analyzing and recommended a series of teaching innovation methods achieving valuable experiences.


ABSTRACT
 Both academic and public policy accounts often draw a link between perceived anti-Muslim discrimination and support for violent Islamist extremism. However, robust empirical evidence is lacking. Such a link would be particularly worrying, given that anti-Muslim discrimination has been on the rise in the West. Are Muslims living in the West who experience or perceive anti-Muslim discrimination more likely to support violent Islamist extremism? This article tests this association with the help of five large-N nationally representative surveys of Muslims living in the US and the UK. In addition, the article also tests whether Muslims' support for violent extremism increases when the experience or perception of anti-Muslim discrimination combines with (1) young age and (2) low identification with the majority population. The results are inconclusive, indicating that the link between anti-Muslim discrimination and support for violent Islamist extremism is likely more complicated.


Survival from 201 patients was studied, which were diagnosed with bronchogenic carcinoma (155 with non-small cell carcinoma and 46 with small cell carcinoma) different modalities of specific oncotherapy from 1997 to 2002. Sample was described and the survival was analyzed by Kaplan Meier method according to variables including age, histological lineage, clinical status and treatment used. We noted that 5-years global survival was of 18,5% for non-small cells lung carcinoma. Main predisposing factors of disease were the probability of surgical treatment. Use of chemotherapy as surgery adjuvant regime improves survival of patients operated on. 5-years mean survival achieved in patients presenting with in small cells nondifferentiated carcinoma was of 4,5%.


Based on the explaining the development of power control in mobile communication system,this paper studied emphatically the power control of WCDMA system,analyzed briefly the study direction of power control in future at last.


Annual 4th of July Butterfly Count data spanning more than 20 years are examined to explore Vanessa cardui (Painted Lady) population fluctuations with ENSO (El Niño) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) indices. California, Colorado and Nebraska censuses exhibit a strong positive correlation with the strong El Niño events of 1982–1983 and 1997–1998 and the weaker event of 1991–1992. Regression analysis shows the population fluctuations are strongly coupled to climate variations on both short (El Niño) and longer (Pacific Decadal Oscillation) time scales. Recognizing the sensitivity to these time scales is important for predicting longer‐term global climate change effects.


In this study, a variety of piezoelectric pressure transducer designs and mounting configurations were compared for measuring in-cylinder pressure on a heavy-duty single-cylinder diesel engine. A unique cylinder head design was used which allowed cylinder pressure to be measured simultaneously in two locations. In one location, various piezoelectric pressure transducers and mounting configurations were studied. In the other location, a Kistler water-cooled switching adapter with a piezoresistive pressure sensor was used. The switching adapter measured in-cylinder pressure during the low-pressure portion of the cycle. During the high-pressure portion of the cycle the sensor is protected from the high-pressure and high-temperature gases in the cylinder. Therefore, the piezoresistive sensor measured in-cylinder pressure highly accurately, without the impacts of short-term thermal drift, otherwise known as thermal shock. Additionally, the piezoresistive sensor is an absolute pressure sensor which does not require a baseline or "pegging" on every engine cycle. With this measurement setup, the amount of thermal shock and induced measurement variability was accurately assessed for the piezoelectric sensors. Data analysis techniques for quantifying the accuracy of a piezoelectric cylinder pressure measurement are also presented and discussed. It was observed that all the piezoelectric transducers investigated yielded very similar results regarding compression pressure, start of combustion, peak cylinder pressure, and the overall heat release rate shape. Differences emerged when studying the impact of the transducer mounting (e.g., recessed versus flush-mount). Recessed-mount transducers tended to yield a more accurate measurement of the cycle-to-cycle variability when compared to the baseline piezoresistive sensor. This is thought to be due to reduced levels of thermal shock, which can vary from cycle-to-cycle.


This thesis examines the genesis of the Irish Christian Brothers. It seeks to place them in their historical context and to understand them as they understood themselves. The Brothers emerged at a dynamic period in the history of the Irish Church. The last quarter of the eighteenth-century had brought a relaxation in the penal laws which allowed the Catholic church to emerge from the 'catacombs', thus facilitating its transition from a mission to a church. This thesis charts the role of the Brothers in that context; not simply as agents of change, but as individuals effected by the spirit of the age. It aims, also, to illustrate the complexity of the penal era. Long understood as a century of unrelenting and uniform persecution, the Catholic experience in the period (1691-1829) is now represented as one of 'endurance and emergence' in which Catholics adapted creatively to the challenges and opportunities of the age. It will demonstrate the character of eighteenth- century Irish Catholicism and the difficulties which reform minded prelates faced in their attempts to introduce the practices and devotions associated with the Council of Trent. It demonstrates, too, the extent to which Rice's two congregations were animated by the piety and theology of early-modern Catholicism. This spirituality was embodied in the Rules and Constitutions of the congregations and the Brothers strove to transform Irish society in that spirit. The Brothers' ultimate aim was not simply the provision of education, but a special kind of Catholic education. They attempted to evangelise the unchurched urban poor and to introduce them to the new devotions of the age. In so doing they contributed greatly to the confident and assertive character of nineteenth-century Irish Catholicism.


Nonlinear phenomena widely occur in practical engineering applications. A typical example in aerospace structures is the creation of a breathing crack that opens and closes under cyclic loads, which causes bilinear behavior in the structural response. Late detection of such cracks can lead to a catastrophic failure that results in extensive structural damage. Therefore, analyzing the behavior of the structure because of the presence of a breathing crack is very important and needs to be investigated in detail. In this article, the nonlinear response of a single-degree-of-freedom nonlinear cantilever beam with a transverse breathing crack and bilinear behavior was studied. To investigate the nonlinear behavior, bilinear functions of the beam stiffness and nonlinear geometric stiffness were converted to polynomial functions. The proposed model is validated by comparing the time history responses of the approximated polynomials with the bilinear model of the cracked beam. Moreover, by considering damping changes because of the presence of the breathing crack, the nonlinear behavior was investigated. The results indicated that the proposed method is sensitive to the presence of a breathing crack. Also, the nonlinearity increases with an increase in the crack depth and location ratios associated with the jump phenomenon in the vibration response of the cracked beam.


Quantitative phosphoproteome and transcriptome analysisof ligand-stimulated MCF-7 human breast cancer cells wasperformed to understand the mechanisms of tamoxifen resistanceat a system level. Phosphoproteome data revealed thatWT cells were more enriched with phospho-proteins thantamoxifen-resistant cells after stimulation with ligands.Surprisingly, decreased phosphorylation after ligand perturbationwas more common than increased phosphorylation.In particular, 17?-estradiol induced down-regulation inWT cells at a very high rate. 17?-Estradiol and the ErbBligand heregulin induced almost equal numbers of up-regulatedphospho-proteins in WT cells. Pathway and motifactivity analyses using transcriptome data additionallysuggested that deregulated activation of GSK3? (glycogensynthasekinase 3?) and MAPK1/3 signaling might be associatedwith altered activation of cAMP-responsive elementbindingprotein and AP-1 transcription factors intamoxifen-resistant cells, and this hypothesis was validatedby reporter assays. An examination of clinical samples revealedthat inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3? at serine 9was significantly lower in tamoxifen-treated breast cancerpatients that eventually had relapses, implying that activationof GSK3? may be associated with the tamoxifen-resistantphenotype. Thus, the combined phosphoproteomeand transcriptome data set analyses revealed distinct signal


Case-based reasoning (CBR) systems often refer to diverse data mining functionalities and algorithms. This article locates examples, many from health sciences domains, mapping data mining functionalities to CBR tasks and steps, such as case mining, memory organization, case base reduction, generalized case mining, indexing, and weight mining. Data mining in CBR focuses greatly on incremental mining for memory structures and organization with the goal of improving performance of retrieval, reuse, revise, and retain steps. Researchers are aiming at the ideal memory as described in the theory of the dynamic memory, which follows a cognitive model, while also improving performance and accuracy in retrieve, reuse, revise, and retain steps. Several areas of potential crossfertilization between CBR and data mining are also proposed.


Cantharellus and Afrocantharellus mushrooms are widely consumed in both fresh and dry forms. However, their
antioxidant and whether their values changing with drying
processes are not known. This study establishes their values and the effect of
sun drying on their quality and quantity. Methanolic extracts of five Cantharellus and two Afrocantharellus species were investigated.
The investigation used (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) DPPH as a
substrate to determine radical scavenging abilities. Further quantitative
analyses for carotenoids, flavonoid, total phenolic compounds and vitamin C
content were done using spectrophotometric assay at 515 nm. Comparatively,
fresh mushroom had higher vitamin C and Lycopene contents than their dry
counterparts with β-carotene. Flavonoid and phenolic compounds were higher in
dry forms than those in their fresh
counterparts. Radical scavenging ability also varied with fresh forms depicting
higher activity compared to dry forms. The variation
was low in Afrocantharellus species
(0.8% and 0.99%) while it was higher in Cantharellus species (24.12% and 7.52%). The highest ability was observed in fresh
forms of Cantharellus pseudocibarius (EC50 50 =
0.4 mg/ml) was from dry form of Cantharellus
rufopunctatus. This shows that studied mushrooms are rich in antioxidants
and their quality and quantities are affected differently in both forms. Both
dry and fresh mushrooms are potential sources of natural
antioxidants. The portrayed high scavenging ability
by these mushrooms envisages promoting them into potential nutraceutics.


Domestic workers, disproportionately foreign women, have long been accorded a place in our households, but not in our law. Nearly a century ago, the New Deal and Civil.Rights statutes excluded this female labor force from worker protections. More generally, migrant domestic workers around the world have often found themselves with little protection under national or international law. Yet a subtle shift has taken hold in recent decades, as domestic workers bring home the legal world around them.

This Article uncovers how domestic workers redistribute power within private households and beyond in ways that influence international lawmaking. It focuses on the scope of diplomatic immunity in domestic workers' lawsuits; the newly vindicated rights of au pairs; and, finally, bilateral treaties between exporters and importers of domestic labor. Across these three arenas, this Article shows how domestic workers reorient conceptions of self-, household, and national sovereignty to build a new legal world of domestic work. The three forms of sovereignty provide a vocabulary to describe how domestic workers are bringing public law from far-off corners into our most private places. In doing so, they are enhancing their own self-sovereignty and challenging that of households and nations.


Aim: The study was performed to define the prevalence and criteria of pulmonary lesions in patients with established diagnosis of sarcoidosis. We aim achieve criteria for rapid accurate diagnosis of sarcoidosis for favor of early proper treatment and good out come Methods:This is a retrospective chart review study based on revision of the CT studies of (54) patients with established diagnosis of sarcoidosis to identify the related thoracic manifestations. The percentage for each finding is calculated. The lesions distribution is also defined. Accurate criteria for pulmonary sarcoidosis are defined. Results:From the total reviewed 54 CT examinations 48 patients (88%) revealed variable patterns and degrees of pulmonary parenchyma changes and lymphadenopathy. 36 patients show typical bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. The pulmonary micro-nodules were seen in 41 patients representing about 76% and were the predominant pattern in 35 patients (64%). The pulmonary nodules were predominantly peripheral, upper and mid zones and show predominant peri-lymphatic distribution. The peri-hilar consolidation opacities are seen at 3 patients. Two patients with miliary nodules pattern were detected. The ground glass attenuation is seen in 19 patients representing 35% of the population study and was predominate in 7 patients (13%). The detected pulmonary GGOs show no significant location predilection. Seven patients show changes of lung fibrosis which is predominantly seen in upper zones. . Conclusion: The most predominant finding is micro-nodules in upper and mid-zones location, and perilymphatic distribution. The typical bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy is also predominant findings. The peri-hilar opacities despite not frequent but are specific.


Governing Human Lives and Health in Pandemic Times looks into the instruments and the type of reasoning involved when large-scale social control strategies were implemented worldwide in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The repertoires of institutional and administrative governance tools used during the pandemic are studied in their unique institutional, socio-geographic, and cultural settings, in order to form an understanding of the political climates and the values inscribed in current societal contracts. The book is intended for academic audiences interested in policy research, health governance, and civil societal issues. It will be of great relevance and use for a wide audience of policymakers, public officials, and health care planners as well as students in a broad range of disciplines. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Matilda Hellman, Tom Kettunen, Saara Salmivaara, and Janne Stoneham;individual chapters, the contributors.


Domestic refining practices of minerals and coal in Indonesia have not run efficiently and provided provisions for the country. The challenge of realizing the purification policy comes in turn, one of which is the problem of regulation. Hence, this study aims to examine and analyze mineral and coal (referred to as minerba) refining policy in the country in the laws and regulations, ranging from the level of legislation to implementing regulations. The research method used is normative legal research using a statutory and conceptual approach. The results showed that domestic minerba refining policies stated in many rules tends to be not one-way and is flexible, indicated by frequent changes in domestic refining policy. As a result, it causes disharmony between the Minerba Bill and the implementing regulations. Some implementing regulations, particularly Ministerial Regulations, are not in accordance with the principle of the obligation to increase the value-add by carrying out processing and refining domestically. Moreover, the regulation is considered contradictory due to providing opportunities for exporting minerals that have not been processed and refined, leading to reduced state revenues and impact on state losses.


1. This document relates to the National Health Service Reform (Scotland) Bill introduced in the Scottish Parliament on 26 June 2003. It has been prepared by the Scottish Executive to satisfy Rule 9.3.3(c) of the Parliament's Standing Orders. The contents are entirely the responsibility of the Scottish Executive and have not been endorsed by the Parliament. Explanatory Notes and other accompanying documents are published separately as SP Bill 6– EN.


Virtual workspaces rapidly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and for many new collaborators, working remotely was their first introduction to their colleagues. Building rapport is essential for a healthy work environment, and while this can be achieved through non-textual responses within chat-based systems (e.g., emoji, GIF, stickers, memes), those non-textual responses are typically associated with personal relationships and informal settings. We studied the experiences of new collaborators (questionnaire N=49; interview N=14) in using non-textual responses to communicate with unacquainted teams and the effect of non-textual responses on new collaborators' interpersonal bonds. We found new collaborators selectively and progressively use non-textual responses to establish interpersonal bonds. Moreover, the use of non-textual responses has exposed several limitations when used on various platforms. We conclude with design recommendations such as expanding the scope of interpretable non-textual responses and reducing selection time.


To the problem of the traditional PID method is hard to achieve satisfied result in long time delay process, GM(2,1) grey model is predict used to the behavior of controlled process, and the model is improved by using "moving window" and changing the initiate condition. The coefficient of the GM(2,1) model is applied to determine the prediction steps. By combining GM(2,1) model with PID, the grey predicting control system for controlling the long time delay process is proposed. The results of simulation show that, comparing with traditional PID control method, the proposed algorithm has better flexibility and robustness, and also can fairly improve the control performances.


A 42-year-old man presented with loss of muscle strength and aching in the calves. Skeletal muscle biopsy of anterior tibial muscle showed a myofibrillar myopathy with increased endo- and perimysial connective tissue, centralized myonu-clei, and intracellular rimmed vacuoles (Fig. 1C, D). Molecular genetic analysis detected classic R350P-desmin gene mutation, causing an autoso-mal-dominant desminopathy. Cardiac examinations were performed. Trans-thoracic echocardiogram was unremarkable with normal biventricular function, electrocardiogram revealed a slightly prolonged PQ-time but no pro-nounced arrhythmia. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance showed no late-gadolinium-enhancement. Pre- and postcon-trast T1-mapping was performed using modified look-locker-inversion-sequence


An over-view of several remote and invasive diagnostics to characterize cutting arcs at the nozzle exit-anode gap as well as inside the nozzle is reported. A briefly description of the experimental set-ups, together with the main results obtained in a 30 A high-energy density cutting torch (including the calculation assumptions) are given.


Background: It is argued whether high levels of serum uric acid (SUA) is associated with cancer. The aim of the study was to determine SUA levels among obese cancer patients (OCP). Method: consecutive patients with cancer were included. BMI and biochemical indicators included AUS were determined. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation between variables, and X2 and t-test. Results: The mean age of the 97 patients was 54.5 ± 16.66 years. Fifty-one were non-obese patients (mean age 53.1 y.), 28 female and 23 male, and 46 patients were OCP (mean age 55.8 y.), 28 female and 18 male. SUA in OCP averaged 5.29, and SUA in non-obese patients was on average 5.0 mg/dl. There was a predominance of OCP among women over 45 years. OCP under 45 years of age showed higher SUA than their older counterparts (p=0.039). Discussion: The prevalence of OCP among women over 45 can be explained by metabolism at that age. Paradoxically, the SUA was higher in OCP younger than 45 years. The hypothesis of the danger of Matzinger proposes that DAMPs trigger an immune response in the absence of PAMPs. Uric acid is a candidate DAMPs and may be involved in carcinogenesis in OCP under 45 years. ORIGINAL http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/62888 2214-3106 © 2016 Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. Este es un artículo Open Access bajo la licencia CC BY-NC-ND (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).


Today,computer games have become into people's lives and become widely accepted as a form of entertainment.In recent years more and more rapid development of the industry game.At present,the more popular 3D games are the core game engine,game en gine incorporates all of the underlying technology,to provide a more efficient R D development platform,developers can make without spending too much energy to achieve,such as memory management,image rendering,collision detection,and so low-level details,but di rect use of the engine to provide an excuse for game development,thereby greatly reducing the development cycle.This article us es TORQUE game development engine and scripting techniques to achieve a 3D gaming environment,the character's weapons sys tems.To the role players to achieve the replacement of weapons,equipment,weapons and features in the current,more main stream FPS type games are more common.At the same time to achieve the desired functionality of the process of analysis TOEQUE script ing language features,and further research study TORQUE engine use.


Eleventh grade students in Bangladesh exchange video interviews with 10th-grade students in Georgia. High schoolers in Illinois learn Japanese, Hebrew, Latin, Spanish, French, and German using online discussions with counterparts from many different countries. Students from around the world research endangered animal species from their areas and publish their findings to a shared website. Connecting globally through advances in Internet technology, including Web 2.0 tools, can now be a reality for any student in any classroom. As our local communities reflect more of the world's diversity, students need to be prepared to communicate with and relate to individuals from different countries and cultures. Integrating global education into standards-based lessons allows students to connect personally with their peers across geographical boundaries, expand their knowledge and awareness of the world, and increase their interest and curiosity in what they are learning. Global Education is a guide to get you started. It provides an introduction to global networks such as iEarn, Global Schoolhouse, and ePals; an overview of Web 2.0 tools that support global learning, such as wikis, blogs, and podcasts; and hundreds of Web resources. No matter the grade level or subject area, Global Education's numerous examples, case studies, and lesson plans will provide you with ideas and inspiration for bringing your students the world. Features: * A sampling of global education projects from around the world * A glossary and lists of hundreds of global education resources * Historical perspectives on global education The International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) is the trusted source for professional development, knowledge generation, advocacy and leadership for innovation. ISTE is the premier membership association for educators and education leaders engaged in improving teaching and learning by advancing the effective use of technology in PK-12 and teacher education. Home of the National Educational Technology Standards (NETS), the Center for Applied Research in Educational Technology (CARET), and ISTE's annual conference (formerly known as the National Educational Computing Conference, or NECC), ISTE represents more than 100,000 professionals worldwide. We support our members with information, networking opportunities, and guidance as they face the challenge of transforming education. Some of the areas in which we publish are: -Web. 2.0 in the classroom-RSS, podcasts, and more -National Educational Technology Standards (NETS) -Professional development for educators and administrators -Integrating technology into the classroom and curriculum -Safe practices for the Internet and technology -Educational technology for parents


Natural anomalies of fish eyes are noted occasionally and were never previously reported for snailfishes (Liparidae). Among fishes melanism is occurred in the nature relatively rare and sometimes associated with intergeneric hybridization or pathologic invasion. Until now the cases of melanism among fishes were known only for some paddlefishes (Polyodontidae), gars (Lepidosteidae), herrings (Clupeidae), livebearers (Poeciliidae), carps (Cyprinidae), loaches (Cobitiidae), salmons (Salmonidae), cods (Gadidae), rockfishes (Scorpaenidae), and righteye flounders (Pleuronectidae). Melanistic specimens of snailfishes were never previously reported. The first records of single-eyed specimen of round snailfish, Careproctus roseofuscus, and melanistic specimens of dimdisc snailfish, Elassodiscus tremebundus, and undescribed species, Careproctus cf. cyclocephalus, are documented. Some external characters of single-eyed and melanistic specimens are given and their photographs are provided.


This article presents a statistical method of automatic recognition of printed forms types, comprising handwritten fields. The main rectangular blocks which define the physical structure of the form, are provided by an automatic algorithm of segmentation. The difficulty lies in the fact that, for several sample of a same model, the obtained blocks are not inevitably stable (phenomenon of merging and/ or fragmentation of blocks). During the phase of training, the probability of occurrence of each block is computed. In the phase o f identification, we take into account this probability. A new distance, that we have called weighted statistical distance, conceived especially to solve this problem of instability, is derived from the distance of Mahalanobis, but it is enriched by a weighting of penalization for each block. The method was applied to a base of training and test of about fifty classes, with 20 samples in a class.


Running legend Ron Hill says he is ready to face "the biggest challenge of my life" after revealing that he is now living with dementia.


Over the years, a wide variety of access control models and policies have been proposed and almost all models have assumed "grant the access request or deny it". The notation of provisional action which have been proposed, tells the user that her/his request will be authorized provided he/she (and/or the system) performs certain security actions e.g. encryption in file transfer and etc. The major advantage of this approach is that arbitrary actions such as cryptographic operations can all coexist in the access control policy rules. Although this approach has many advantages but it fails in some circumstances and needs new facilities and capabilities to overcome them. PBAC model lacks active/passive roles concept so we define a new concept named session. A user can initiate a session by activating some of the roles and groups in a period of time, under certain conditions. In addition, the other new concepts such as constraints on role assignments, avoiding conflicting permissions, limiting the grant of permissions to some specific roles rather than a normal user, and etc. have been added to the original PBAC model in a formal manner.


A statistical strength criterion for brittle materials under static and repeated loadings is proposed. The criterion relates beginning of a macrofracture in the form of origination of microcracks to the moment at which the microcrack density in the material becomes critical. The idea of the criterion consists in identification of the values of microdefect concentration under static and repeated loadings with the value of microdefect concentration which is held in the case of fracture under uniaxial static loading. It is assumed that the microcrack concentration defines the life of structures made of brittle materials. The numerical example of practical use of the criterion under consideration is presented.


A low threshold voltage capacitive RF MEMS switch is designed.The switch consists of double drive electrodes and suspended metallic membrane supported by flexible serpentine springs over a coplanar waveguide.MEMS CAD software CoventorWare and microwave CAD software HFSS are used to simulate mechanical and electromagnetic characteristics of the RF MEMS switch respectively.Simulation result demonstrates that threshold voltage of the switch is 2.5V,which achieves goal of the design.The insertion loss of up state is about 0.23dB@20GHz,and the isolation of down state is about firstname.lastname@example.com process of the RF MEMS switch is also outlined.


The fracture and tensile characteristics of engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) containing palm oil fuel ash (POFA) have been investigated. POFA obtained from a palm oil mill was treated first by grinding and then by heat treatment. The treated POFA was then utilised to produce ECCs in combination with polyvinyl alcohol fibres with proportions of POFA ranging from 0 to 1·2 from the mass of cement. The performance of the POFA–ECCs was evaluated by means of matrix fracture and direct tensile tests. The experimental results indicate that the ECC mix containing POFA exhibits lower fracture toughness and fracture energy values than a mix without POFA. Nonetheless, the addition of POFA contributes to a greater pseudo-strain hardening index, in particular at higher POFA content. This reveals that the use of POFA should be helpful for achieving strain hardening behaviour. In addition, an increase in POFA content increases the tensile strain capacity of the ECC. Furthermore, the crack width of the ECC decrea...


- The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a fundamental framework that governs the process of software development, encompassing planning, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance stages. As software engineering practices continue to evolve, various SDLC models have emerged, each offering distinct approaches to managing the development process. This comprehensive research analysis aims to explore the advantages and disadvantages of prominent SDLC models while assessing their suitability in the context of software quality engineering. The study begins with an in-depth examination of classical SDLC models such as the Waterfall, Iterative, and V-Model, comparing their unique features and procedural aspects. Subsequently, modernmethodologies, including Agile, Scrum, and DevOps, are explored to understand how they address the challenges posed by traditional linear models. The research analyzes the advantages of each SDLC model in terms of its impact on software quality engineering. Key considerations include the models' ability to facilitate effective collaboration, manage project risks, improve code quality, and ensure the successful delivery of bug-free software products. Additionally, the study highlights how specific SDLC models support compliance with industry standards and regulatory requirements. On the other hand, the research critically evaluates the inherent disadvantages of these models, focusing on potential shortcomings that may impact software quality engineering efforts. Common challenges, such as inadequate documentation, limited flexibility, and difficulties in accommodating


We apply Sabatini's transformation for the study of a class of nonlinear oscillators, dependent on quadratic terms. As a result, an initial equation is reduced to Newtonian form, for which in a standard way the period-amplitude relation can be established.


Poetry education has been a long-time tradition in china. The poems contained nutritious spiritual value has played fundamental role in Chinese people's personality development. In Tao Xingzhi's educational thoughts, practice poetry education has been his unique educational feature. By using poetry, he has popularizing pedagogic theory, recording educational practice, expressing educational beliefs and also delivering pedagogic wisdom. The principle and goal of Tao Xingzhi's poetry educational is to teach people search for truth and to develop a poetic character. Poetry education's core value is to encourage creative thinking and to practice poetic life style in daily life.


Leishmaniasis occurs in as many as 88 countries, (Figure. 1.2) with an approximate total population of 350 million people, most often in tropical and subtropical areas [WHO,
2010]. The geographical settings, where leishmaniasis occurs, range from Central and Couth American rain forests to West Asian deserts, with 90 percent of visceral
leishmaniasis cases occurring in India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sudan, and Brazil. Other areas where Leishmaniasis is found range from Mexico, to Texas, from Northern Argentina, to
Southern Europe, from Asia, to The Middle East, and Africa [Chappuis et al., 2007].Although it is true that the distribution of Leishmania is limited by the habitats of the
sandfly vectors, human leishmaniasis continues to increase worldwide


The Wertheim integral equation theory for associating fluids is reformulated for the study of associating hard spheres with four bonding sites. The association interaction is described as a square well saturable attraction between these sites. The associative version of the OrnsteinZernike integral equation is supplemented by the Percus-Yevick-like closure relation and solved analytically within an ideal network approximation, in which the network is the result of the crossing of ideal polymer chains. The structure factor S(k) is obtained for both symmetrical network and polymer chain cases. It is shown that S(k) exhibits a peculiarity (a socalled pre-peak) at small wavenumbers, connected with the formation of relatively large molecular aggregates due to highly directional saturable bonds. The magnitude and location of the pre-peak as functions of density theta and association Ks are analysed. Based on the analysis of the S(k = 0) limit, the behaviour of the isothermal compressibility χ T is studied and t...


A controller module for a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus, wherein the controller module having a plurality of controllers, and comprising: a control box, located outside the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus, wherein each of the plurality of controller means respectively to the control box, control box and a mobile support, wherein the control box mounted on the top of the control box holder, and the control box in the slide holder.


The Boundary Element Method (BEM) is applied to calculate the target strength (TS) and the total cross section of a scatterer. The scattering amplitudes of the prolate spheroids of four types, namely, the vacant, rigid, liquid-filled, and gas-filled prolate spheroids are calculated by the BEM. The comparison of the results of the BEM and those of Prolate Spheroid Model (PSM), which is a numerical calculation using the spheroidal wave functions, shows excellent agreement for the vacant, rigid, and liquid-filled prolate spheroids. The TS of a gas-filled prolate spheroid calculated by the BEM shows resonance at a low frequency.


In this paper, I describe a series of case studies of how professional and clerical office workers organize the information in their desks and offices. Then I discuss a number of implications of these results for designing natural and convenient office information systems.
 Two principal claims are made: (1) A very important function of desk organization is to remind the user of things to do, not just to help the user find desired information. Failing to support this function can seriously impair the usefulness of electronic office systems, and explicitly facilitating it can provide an important advantage for automated office systems over their non-automated predecessors. (2) The cognitive difficulty of categorizing information is an important factor in explaining how people organize their desks. Computer-based systems can help with this difficulty by: (a) doing as much automatic classification as possible (e.g., based on access dates), and by (b) including untitled "piles" of information arranged by physical location as well as explicitly titled and logically arranged "files".


The quantitative value of the deflation processes in the steppe landscapes of Priolkhonie was obtained during field experimental studies in the summer seasons of 2017-2019 years. The quantity and properties of the transported particles were determined and statistical analysis of factors (parameters of test sites and weather conditions) affecting the erosion advancing was identified. The measurements were made with a set of dust traps at different heights from the surface, as well as a particle counter and a digital thermo-anemometer. Also, we surveyed the size (fractions) of trapped particles as well as soil samples from the upper soil horizon at the test sites. A comparative analysis of the native and transformed landscapes is carried out. According to results of multiple regression analysis, the main landscape factors that positively affect the deflation are: the quantitative ratio of the fractions of the granulometric composition of the upper horizon of the soil (the positive relationship with silt and dust content is most often expressed) and the steepness of the slope, and the negative relationship is most pronounced with rockiness soil and a projective cover of herbaceous vegetation. We found out that the development of deflation processes in the study area is primarily due to natural factors (features of the soil cover) and increases with anthropogenic impact, which affects the state of the vegetation cover and the particle-size composition of soils.


Antibody-mediated lymphocyte-induced cytotoxicity (K cell activity) was measured in a system consisting of Chang human liver cells, rabbit anti-Chang antiserum, and Triosil-Ficoll purified human lymphocytes. It was concluded that one K cell probably inactivates or kills one target cell, and that the number of active K cells is similar in the peripheral blood of normal and rheumatoid subjects and is about 0-5%.


The decrease in feature sizes in microelectronics fabrication will soon require plasma etching processes having atomic layer resolution. The basis of plasma atomic layer etching (PALE) is forming a layer of passivation that allows the underlying substrate material to be etched with lower activation energy than in the absence of the passivation. The subsequent removal of the passivation with carefully tailored activation energy then removes a single layer of the underlying material. If these goals are met, the process is self-limiting. A challenge of PALE is the high cost of specialized equipment and slow processing speed. In this work, results from a computational investigation of PALE will be discussed with the goal of demonstrating the potential of using conventional plasma etching equipment having acceptable processing speeds. Results will be discussed using inductively coupled and magnetically enhanced capacitively coupled plasmas in which nonsinusoidal waveforms are used to regulate ion energies to optimize the passivation and etch steps. This strategy may also enable the use of a single gas mixture, as opposed to changing gas mixtures between steps.


Systematic ab initio calculations of lattice constants, elastic constants and magnetic moments of Fe, Co and Ni in bcc, fcc and hcp structures have been carried out, in part to understand the phase stability and magnetic properties of artificial Fe, Co and Ni structures. The calculations are based on the local spin-density functional theory with generalized gradient corrections (GGA) which are found to describe the properties of these materials rather well. In particular, the calculated lattice constants and bulk modulus of the observed structures are in good agreement with experiments. Also, the theoretical elastic constants agree with the measurements within the numerical uncertainties. Interestingly, several energetically metastable structures are found to be elastically unstable. It is predicted that magnetism has a pronounced influence on both the size and sign of some elastic constants, and hence on the structural stabilities. For example, while both nonmagnetic Fe fcc and hcp structures are metastable phases, ferromagnetic Fe fcc and hcp structures are not. These results would help to gain insight into the formation of certain artificial thin films and superlattices.


By the ways of questionnaire, case and reference study, the authors probed into the governmental and social investments and recreational facilities in 16 small towns in the east, central and west areas of China. Also, the value concept and orientation of the town leaders, the legislation for mass sports facilities and the traditional sports customs have been discussed.


It is now urgent for power industry to increase the power factor of switching power supply.UCC3817A is chose as active PFC IC,and its application in harmonic suppression is introduced by analyzing the circuit design and by selecting the parameters of the main components.The experimental prototype is designed for verification,and the results demonstrate that it meets the requirements of power factor correction and that the circuit structure and the design process are simple.


In Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR), the following four elements are significantly important namely, absolute positioning, step detection, stride estimation and heading estimation. In this paper, we describe a method for absolute positioning and stride estimation. The proposed method estimates a parameter of the stride model while measuring the absolute position by using Time Division Multiplexing-Phase Accordance Method (TDMPAM) we devised. Based on the result of the experiment, we confirmed that the estimated stride errors were approximately 2%. Keywords—Smartphone, PDR, Acoustic signal, TDoA


Based on a data of 217 responses to questionnaires and conducted at a top Japanese national university, this paper examines the objective of preparing students to function in an international and intercultural context in the internationalisation of universities. Many educators have proceeded to internationalise the curriculum based on this objective but few have stopped to ask students if they really think they will be in an international environment. This question is particularly pertinent in Japan given its sakoku ('closed country') history and the recent description by the government of young people as being inward-looking. The author found that although some young people are influenced by sakoku thinking, many are outward-looking and positive about globalisation. There is however a tendency to perceive globalisation as an abstract concept and not engage with it. Students in engineering and science are more likely to perceive themselves working in an international environment compared to literature and law students.


According to the study in the sub health of the High School teachers in Hunan province,standing on the socidogy sense the logic structure,rules in capacities,etc,it brings up the exercise prescription for the conditions of the High School teachers whose Sub health should be alleviated,and something must be picked out:if characteristic"exercise prescription will be carried out,they must face the contradiction between"the truth restriction in building up the systems of characteristic exercise prescription and the intellectual knowledge to the sub health and exercise prescription that personality pays less emphasis on.


According to the importance of the hydropower construction program in the whole engineering program,the study indicates the quality control of the construction companies in the hydropower construction process,and indicates from the joint checkup of drawing,the quality control over equipment and materials,and management in the construction process,so as to ensure the hydropower installation quality.


Redescribing Christian Origins, edited by Ron Cameron and Merrill P. Miller. SBLSymS 28. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature; Leiden: Brill, 2004. Pp. xvi + 539. $49.95/$235.00. ISBN 1589830881/9004130640. This is a rather unique and fascinating volume. It contains not only the papers delivered over three years of meetings of the Society of Biblical Literature's Seminar on Ancient Myths and Modern Theories of Christian Origins but also some very honest, heart-searching reflection on the results of this, its first phase of operation. The project has been an attempt to offer a different (that is, a historically more reliable) account of Christian origins than that provided by the canonical traditions, the book of Acts in particular. Acts gives only one version of the story, a version that strains credibility beyond endurance. The documents Q and the Gospel of Thomas provide evidence of a different story, one not focused in Jerusalem and without reference to a kerygma of cross and resurrection. The task, then, is to rediscover the Christian origins that lie behind these documents, the implication being that there was no single origin of Christianity but multiple origins and that a more responsible historian must reckon with the emergence of diverse Christianities. The theoretical basis is that texts are the juncture of myth making and social formation, so that careful scrutiny of them from that perspective should provide the details that go to make up the alternative stories. Throughout the published essays, discussions, and reflections, the influence of Burton Mack and Jonathan Z. Smith is frequently acknowledged and is repeatedly evident. The first stage (when the project was still a Consultation and not yet a Seminar) was to gain a clearer perception of the Q community, or the "Galilean Jesus Association," as Willi Braun prefers. The assumptions already at this point are rather worrying: Q is a literary document whose contents and full extent are clear; it emerged in a series of at least three chronologically successive compositional phases (with due acknowledgment to John Kloppenborg); from the content and character of Q a "Q community" can be read "as an increasingly self-conscious and fairly sophisticated research collective" (p. 48). Moreover, the compositional phases allow such a "mirror-reading" not only for Q as a whole but also for the pre-Q^sup 1^ phase as well as the three compositional phases (p. 83) and even for "Q's opponents" (p. 71). This "mirror-reading" gives "the virtually unavoidable conclusion that Q^sup 1^ and certainly Q as a whole represent the intellectual/scribal labors of people who had both competence and means for such labors" and strongly suggests that the document Q^sup 1^ was the work of a social group from the ranks of an urban retainer class of "middling" status, a "Galilean small-town scribal intelligentsia" (p. 57). William Arnal, to whom the link between Q and village scribes is largely indebted, elaborates the social situation behind the compositional stages of Q: in particular, that Q^sup 1^ was intended to address relative loss of status among village scribes (what Braun describes as "the burden of alienation and deracination" [p. 63]), an intention that failed because the persons in question had lost too much authority and were unable to exert sufficient influence to halt further loss (p. 84). I know that the Q hypothesis, or rather hypotheses, were being taken as read by the Consultation and Seminar, but I do wonder whether they provide a sufficiently secure and substantial basis for the Seminar's undertaking. The content and extent of Q are not clear. The assumption that a Q^sup 1^ not only can be discerned but can be confidently regarded as a single, coherent document is most contentious. And the suggestion that any early Christian assembly had only one document (or nothing more than some collection of Jesus' sayings) and that the character of the community/congregation can be read off from that document/collection demands a lot more self-critical appraisal than it has so far been given. …


Current automated systems have crucial limitations that need to be addressed before artificial intelligence can reach human-like levels and bring new technological revolutions. Among others, our societies still lack Level 5 self-driving cars, domestic robots, and virtual assistants that learn reliable world models, reason, and plan complex action sequences. In these notes, we summarize the main ideas behind the architecture of autonomous intelligence of the future proposed by Yann LeCun. In particular, we introduce energy-based and latent variable models and combine their advantages in the building block of LeCun's proposal, that is, in the hierarchical joint embedding predictive architecture (H-JEPA).


Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to show that nowadays individuals feel helpless to live and to determine how to spend their free time without the existence of money. Design/methodology/approach - The predominant meaning of free time in the days depends upon the vaccination of society with dictated forged needs. The main target is the maintenance of high levels of mass consumption (using even lending if income becomes insufficient), in order high levels of mass production can be preserved. Findings - This type of free time, that the society serves, conceals the low level of the civilization. In real terms, free time means will for education-learning, creation, and sociability. Practical implications - If there are no money, there will be no lack of purchasing power for consumption in their free time, and hence forged needs are collapsing in such conditions. However, in order to confront such situations, people should be educated in the creative use of their free time. Originality/value - The blame, that people cannot even imagine their lives without the use of money, goes to the formal and obligatory educational system that creates brainless individuals.


This fact sheet presents a basic guide to making up a surgical instrumentation kit for fracture repair using internal fixation techniques


Results of toxicity estimation of soil samples contaminated with cadmium and chromium using contact bioassay on Bacillus pumilusКМ-21 are presented. The algorithm of selecting the model describing the ecotoxicological results with the highest prognosis ability for EC50 calculation is suggested. This algorithm includes point ranking of results of comparing experimental and prognosis test-function values which were close to 50% inhibition. It is demonstrated, that a partially competitive kinetic model is the most appropriate one for EC50 determination among the studied models.


THE PRIMARY essential xanthomatoses have been divided by Thannhauser and Magendantz,1Montgomery2and others on the basis of the clinical picture and the fat content of the blood. The xanthoma tuberosum type with which this paper will concern itself is characterized by hypercholesteremia and a tendency to xanthomatous involvement of the skin, tendon tumors and, of much graver consequence, early cardiovascular disease. Although the familial occurrence of this condition has been recognized by many observers3since its description in 1851 by Addison and Gull, Torok3dwas apparently the first to emphasize the hereditary nature of the disease. In the intervening years there have been several excellent reviews and reports touching on the genetic problems involved. The conclusions drawn have been of a conflicting nature, and the authors may be divided into several groups: (a) those4who stated the belief that the mode of inheritance of


Microorganisms, regardless of whether pathogenic or not, may cause enormous economic losses due to adverse effects on human and animal health, or by damaging the quality of the agricultural and food products. Based on these effects, the development of prompt molecular methods and their involvement in the practical pathogen diagnostic diagnostics is more than actual. This paper is focused on the evaluation of easy-to-perform and highly budget-friendly, PCR-related DNA purification protocols for diagnostic purposes especially in water or similar simple matrices. The slight modifications of earlier described DNA isolation methods, which rely on chelate exchange resin and/or ethanol-sodium-based heat lysis, we reevaluated in comparison with a widely used commercial kit. The efficiency of DNA purification techniques was assessed from Gramnegative as well as Gram-positive bacteria and yeast using quantitative PCR. The effectivity of different methods tested may vary depending on the bacterial or yeast species in question. Nevertheless, in our hands, the chelate exchange resin-based methods were found to be the most robust and/or satisfying at least by an acceptable reproducibility rate. Our presented results support the potential of low-cost but still sensitive molecular microbe detection procedures consisting of only a few pipetting steps resulting in good reproducibility and the least possible environmental burden, serving as a good starting point for developments of matrix-specific processes and methods.


The inability to gain employment among the Malaysian graduates became a critical issue due to lack of 21st century skills. Higher learning institutions are urged to play their significant roles in producing graduates who have subject knowledge and relevant 21st century skills. There are many teaching strategies which are currently in practice at tertiary institutions, however more efficient approach is needed to produce well-balanced graduates. This present research proposed a promising approach which is blended learning with web-based technologies to improve students' 21st century skills. Current literature indicated blended learning has not been sufficiently explored in English as Second Language (ESL) context. Thus, this study aimed to explore ESL learners' blended learning experiences using innovative web-based technologies and to examine the effectiveness of the blended learning strategy in improving the learners' 21st-century skills. Qualitative data were collected through phone call interviews with the participants and analyzed through thematic analysis. Working with a sample of bachelor degree students at a tertiary institution revealed the participants' blended learning experience exceptionally improved their 21st-century skills in various ways. The result of this study contributes to the pedagogical aspects of ESL teaching and learning and the improvement of 21st century skills among the students.


Abstract Uncertainties arising from different sources have to be considered for the quantification of common cause failures (CCFs). At GRS a CCF model (coupling model) has been developed for the estimation of CCF probabilities. An essential feature of the coupling model is the consideration of these uncertainties by using Bayesian estimation methods. Experiences from applying the coupling model to CCF event data over several years and analyzing the results in detail has led to improvements in the application of the model. In this paper the improved methodology of the coupling model is presented. Special emphasis is given to the description of the sources of uncertainties which are considered in the coupling model and the mathematical methodology, how these uncertainties are represented and propagated through the model. In closing topics of future improvements of the coupling models are discussed.


Abstract : Surveys off the Washington-Oregon coast by the Department of Oceanography, University of Washington, from 1961 through 1963 have provided salinity data for describing the Columbia River effluent in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. The data also have provided insight into the interactions between the observed distributions and the meteorological systems. Each salinity distribution is categorized into one of four distinct seasonal patterns, mainly influenced by river discharge and winds. The salinity distributions delineate the extent of the influence of the Columbia River effluent in the Northeast Pacific Ocean both horizontally with distance and vertically with depth. Also shown and discussed are the mean wind patterns for the area during this time period, their influence on the river out-flow and their role in the transport of the dilute surface waters. A method is described for the prediction of the salinity distribution of the effluent from surface wind data. (Author)


Objective: To calculate changes in blood pressure and cardiac frequency during laryngoscopy and orotracheal intubation in patients submitted to general anesthesia with remifentanyl and fentanyl. Methodology: A nonrandomized clinical study was conducted. Blood pressure (BP) and cardiac frequency (CF) were recorded after induction of anesthesia and 1 min after performing laryngoscopy and intubation. Patients received a bolus injection of remifentanyl 1 μg/kg (Group R) 3 min prior to laryngoscopy followed by an infusion of 0.200 μg/kg/min (5 ng/mL plasma concentration). Patients of the fentanyl group (Group F) received an initial bolus injection of 2 μg/kg 3 min prior to laryngoscopy. All patients were induced with propofol 1.5 mg/kg. For neuromuscular relaxation, we utilized rocuronium bromide 0.3 mg/g. Laryngoscopy was performed by means of the customary technique. The changes demonstrated by fentanyl during induction were fewer than those observed in Group R patients. Mean blood pressure (MBP) in both groups was maintained at safe limits to ensure organic perfusion. Conclusion: Fentanyl showed greater stability at the moment of induction and of intubation, with fewer variations in hemodynamic variables (systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], and MBP). Nonetheless, fentanil presented a greater increase in CF at the moment of intubation with respect to remifentanyl.


The semi-public railways in Japan are one type of joint public-private corporation found in Japan. Since 1987, when Japan National Railways restructured its operations and divided into 6 main companies (JRs), about 40 new semi-public railways have been founded. These railways have taken the place of the local lines that new JR companies could not afford to manage because of reduced demand. Such semi-public railways were founded by local governments and private companies in relevant areas. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E215911.


A great amount of effort has been devoted to the constant improvement of such basic automobile performance as drivability, safety, and environmental protection. As a result, the total combination of various technologies has made it possible to produce safer and more comfortable automobiles. Among these technologies, surface and thin film techniques are mainly concerned with sensors, optics, electronics and surface modification. This article first describes a new concept of thin film processing in materials synthesis for sensors based on particle–surface interaction during deposition to provide a long life sensor applicable to automobiles. Some examples of practical applications of thin films to sensors are then given. These include (1) a poly(vinylidene fluoride) thin film for integrated pyroelectric infrared sensors, (2) a thin film strain gauge for gravity sensors, and (3) a giant magnetoresistance film for speed sensors.


Voiatile electrochemical reaction products can be detected on line by coupling a conventionai ınass spectrometer to the working electrode of an electrochemical celi, e.g. using the flow through celi shown in Figüre 1. Using sufficiently fast pumping of the vacuum part, the partial pressure in the ion chamber and thus the ion currents are proportional to the flux dn/dt of species into the vacuum chamber; this is the reason for the name "differential electrochemical mass spectrometry" (DEMS) [1], The time constant for detection is only given by the time needed for convection and diffusion on the electrolyte side. Single crystal electrodes can be used. The use of small bead single crystals is also possible with the help of a new capiüary inlet system. ; The method cannot only be used for the qualitative Identification of reaction products, but also for the quantitative evaluation of current effıciencies; this allows to gain information on side or parallel reactions. This will be demonstrated for the oxidation of methanol and ethanol at different catalyst surfaces. For ethanol, e.g., in some cases, the oxidation product is acetic acid, without formation of acetaldehyde as an intermediate. For the use in fuel cells, this is a problem, because acetic acid itself is not reactıve. In other cases, acetaldehyde is the main product, which might slowly react further to C 02. At room temperature, hovvever, the current effîciency for CO2 is negligible. DEMS can also be used to characterize sub monolayer amounts of adsorbates on polycrystallme and single crystal electrode surfaces by means of their desorption. One possibility to achieve this is to oxidİze a carbonaceous species to C02, which is quantitatively detected in the mass spectrometer. Many adsorbates can also be desorbed at certaiıı potentials as such, or as the hydrogenated product, or by displacement wıth a second adsorbate, allowing a more direct characterization of the adsorbate. The İnfluence of the structure on the nanoand mesoscopic scale on electrocatalytip reactions will be demonstrated. In particular the role of monoatomic steps on reaction products is highligHted using vicinally stepped singne crystal electrode [2]. The role of co-catalysts for oxidation reactions is studies using ordered bİ-metalüc electrodes, which are obtained by decorating the steps of stepped single cıystal surfaces. Decoration of steps of a Au crystal by Pd, on the other hand, leads to a regular arrangement of monoatomic rows of Pd atoms, onto which molecules can be adsorbed which would not adsorb on Au itself (cf. Figüre 2).


In the prospect of ecology and biology, studying insect-plant predation will considerably contribute to pest control, benefit agriculture and afforestation, and also help people to better understand insect-plant co-evolution. Therefore, we are motivated to do two work in this study. The first part is to cluster the insect-plant predation, in such manner, unobserved predation could be estimated. The second part is to explore the connection between predation and bio-taxonomy, and we find insects get more divergence than plants during the insect-plant co-evolution.


Because the part of rules matching takes up a relatively high proportion in the current intrusion detection model and the rules adjustment can also influence the data accuracy, this paper proposes an anomalous detection model based on the active rules. Aiming at the problem of low rules adjustment efficiency in the current model, this paper designs the structure of active rules and a dynamic adjustment approach of active rules based on two-steps. This paper selects rules matching approach to update the matching process dynamically on the basis of activeness, and thus reducing the time complexity of intrusion detection system and false alarm rate. The experimental results indicate that the anomalous detection model relying on active rules proposed here can further improve the efficiency of rules matching and reduce the false alarm rate, performing a stronger practicability.


The application scope and advantages of trench type pipe connection in engineering are introduced as well as corresponding construction technology and operation regulations. Meanwhile, combined with relevant specifications practical quality requirements are proposed for trench type pipe connection.


In this paper we investigate the influence of thermal oxidation during and after POCl3 diffusion. The main focus here is on the question of how far the presence of a thermally grown oxide layer has an influence on the emitter passivation. For this purpose, characterization methods such as electrochemical capacitance-voltage measurements and QSSPC are used. The novel finding of this paper is that in the case of a stack of passivation layers, the presence of the thermal oxide does not make a significant contribution to improved emitter passivation.In this paper we investigate the influence of thermal oxidation during and after POCl3 diffusion. The main focus here is on the question of how far the presence of a thermally grown oxide layer has an influence on the emitter passivation. For this purpose, characterization methods such as electrochemical capacitance-voltage measurements and QSSPC are used. The novel finding of this paper is that in the case of a stack of passivation layers, the presence of the thermal oxide does not make a significant contribution to improved emitter passivation.


Abstract : The note presents some calculations of the spectrum of Thompson scattering of a laser beam from typical laboratory plasmas. These calculations are numerical results based on theoretical work by Salpeter. The results show that the character of the spectrum depends upon the ratio of the length in the plasma over which the scattered spectrum adds coherently to the Debye length alpha. For small alpha, i.e. alpha < 0.1, the spectrum is simply an electron Doppler broadened spectrum. For medium alpha (0.1 < alpha < 1 ), the spectrum shows Doppler broadening due to both the ions and electrons, and for large alpha ( 1 < or = alpha) there are peaks in the scattered spectrum displaced from the primary laser frequency by an amount approximately equal to the plasma frequency. These three regions are graphically displayed along with a universal numerical scattering calculation for a hydrogen plasma with equal ion and electron temperatures. Further, some typical cases are calculated for hydrogen plasmas showing the character of all three regions of alpha and the effect of changing scattering angle. (Author)


ABSTRACT Nature reserve establishment can lead to conflict with some stakeholders. Zoning management is useful to mitigate against the conflict between human development and nature reserves, and a nature reserve can be divided into three zones: the core zone, buffer zone, and experimental zone. So far, how to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of zoning management in nature reserves is a problem faced by remote sensing scientists and ecologists. Net primary productivity (NPP) is a key indicator which can be used to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of zoning management in nature reserves. However, to date there has been no research on the effectiveness of zoning management on NPP, and the estimation of NPP in the Tianmu Mountain Nature Reserve also has not been studied. Based on remote sensing data and in situ measurements, the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford approach (CASA) model was used to estimate NPP in the Tianmu Mountain Nature Reserve during the period 1984–2014. We used the observed NPP to verify the simulated NPP, and the results show that the simulated NPP was consistent with the observed NPP (R2 ≥ 0.85, p ≤ 0.0002, RMSE = 52.62 g C m−2 year−1, where R2 represents coefficient of determination, p represents statistical significance, and RMSE represents root mean square error). This means that the CASA model is suitable for NPP estimation in the Tianmu Mountain Nature Reserve. The results also indicate that NPP showed an increasing trend during the period 1984–2014, and the increase over the whole period was 6.66%. The total of the annual averaged NPP was 3.07 × 1010 g C year−1, while the annual averaged NPP per unit area was 708 g C m−2 year−1. The largest averaged annual NPP per unit appeared in the core zone (720 g C m−2 year−1), followed by the buffer zone (711 g C m−2 year−1), with the experimental zone having the smallest averaged annual NPP per unit (706 g C m−2 year−1). At the p < 0.1 level, there was no region where NPP had decreased significantly in the core zone and buffer zone, and the area of the regions where NPP had decreased significantly in the experimental zone was 8.04 ha. At the p < 0.05 level, there was no area where NPP had decreased significantly in the three zones of the Tianmu Mountain Nature Reserve. The results show that the zoning management on NPP was effective in the Tianmu Mountain Nature Reserve.


At the present, the Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is one of health problem In Indonesia. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by the dengue virus and transmitted through the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquito. Spreading of DHF influenced environmental factors. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between environmental factors with incidence of DHF in Semarang Hospital, Tugurejo Hospital, Kariadi Hospital, and Tlogorejo Hospital. This research was observational analitical research with case control approach. The sample (case) was all patiens with DHF that recorded in those hospitals between March to May 2016 (40 cases), and the sample of (control) was the people around the patient who do not suffered DHF with radius of 100 meters, wich equated ages and education (40 respondents). The dependent variable was incidence of DHF and the independent variable was breeding place. These data analyzed by Chi Square test. The results show that there are relationship between breeding place (p = 0,048) with incidence of DHF. The breeding place has relationship with incidence of DHF.


In this paper, an innovative method is proposed for solving the two-dimensional rectangle packing problem by utilizing the Corner-Junction method (CJ method) introduced here for conjoining rectangular corners, enabling two adjoined rectangles to line up. Verification is accomplished through application of an evolutionary algorithm (EA), using the chromosome-structure also introduced. Some benchmark tests of the strip packing problem are shown to be solved by this EA, which enables 90-degree rotation of the rectangles. The experimental results show that use of the proposed CJ method provides satisfactory packing of rectangles but with quality in terms of gap varying 5–12% less than that of optimal solutions. The failure of EA to detect all viable solutions resulting from application of the CJ method is a consequence of the present sequential limitations of the proposed chromosome structure.


Everyday events are rarely newsworth\ The media typically induces emotional reactions through constant reports of deaths related to disease, accidents, murders, human conflicts and natural disasters, which explains our widespread tendency to ignore the amplitude of chronic problems. Few people realize tbat, according to the most authoritative public health reports, more than half a million deaths related to pregnancy and birth occur every year. Bleeding is the single most common cause of maternal death worldwide. Tbe WHO estimates that there are 14 million obstetric haemorrhages a year.(l)


Significance Industrial-scale production of crops through monocultures has resulted in "green deserts" of reduced biodiversity in many areas worldwide. Such simplified landscapes may impact ecosystem services such as pollination. Here, we present a large-scale, longitudinal study of managed honey bee colonies in the context of corn and soybean monocultures. Our results reveal a brief burst of colony growth during soybean bloom, followed by a longer period of forage dearth, resulting in decline in several aspects of honey bee health at both colony and individual levels. We demonstrate this decline is reversible when honey bees have access to native, perennial plants (i.e., prairie). Our results suggest sustainable pollinator management in landscapes dominated by monocultures can be achieved through reintegration of native biodiversity. Intensive agriculture can contribute to pollinator decline, exemplified by alarmingly high annual losses of honey bee colonies in regions dominated by annual crops (e.g., midwestern United States). As more natural or seminatural landscapes are transformed into monocultures, there is growing concern over current and future impacts on pollinators. To forecast how landscape simplification can affect bees, we conducted a replicated, longitudinal assessment of honey bee colony growth and nutritional health in an intensively farmed region where much of the landscape is devoted to production of corn and soybeans. Surprisingly, colonies adjacent to soybean fields surrounded by more cultivated land grew more during midseason than those in areas of lower cultivation. Regardless of the landscape surrounding the colonies, all experienced a precipitous decline in colony weight beginning in August and ended the season with reduced fat stores in individual bees, both predictors of colony overwintering failure. Patterns of forage availability and colony nutritional state suggest that late-season declines were caused by food scarcity during a period of extremely limited forage. To test if habitat enhancements could ameliorate this response, we performed a separate experiment in which colonies provided access to native perennials (i.e., prairie) were rescued from both weight loss and reduced fat stores, suggesting the rapid decline observed in these agricultural landscapes is not inevitable. Overall, these results show that intensively farmed areas can provide a short-term feast that cannot sustain the long-term nutritional health of colonies; reintegration of biodiversity into such landscapes may provide relief from nutritional stress.


The authors describe a region-sharpening technique that expands earlier work. The technique has two steps: (1) definition of a set of sector templates; and (2) application of the templates to an image. An arbitrary number of arbitrarily sized sectors can be defined. Thus, varying levels of region sharpening can be achieved. When the technique is applied to cardiac X-ray CT (computed tomography) images containing a contrast-enhanced left-ventricular chamber the myocardium and chamber become more sharply defined and noise is reduced. Since the technique is not context-dependent, it is applicable to other imaging modalities.<<ETX>>


The design, interfacing, testing, and operation of a preprocessor to increase the altitude and temporal resolution of the present coherent-scatter system are described. This system upgrade requires an increase in the data collection rate. Replacing the present, relatively slow, ADC with two high speed ADCs achieves the increased echo sampling rate desired. To stay within the capabilities of the main computer's I/O and processing rate the data must be reduced before transfer to the main computer. Thus the preprocessor also coherently integrates the data before transfer.


A laboratory experiment was set up to demonstrate the capability of microbe to remediate petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated beach sand. Oil contaminated soil was used as a source of inoculum for hydrocarbon degrading bacteria (HDB) while oil contaminated beach sand was used as remediation object. The growth of HDB in the inocula was enriched and stimulated through the addition of nutrient in the form of vitamin and mineral as well the addition of oil waste as a source of carbon. Experiment took place in the course of approximately five weeks. Microscopic observation clearly showed the interaction between microbe and oil contaminant both in enrichment and bioremediation samples. The result of the experiment also suggests that approximately 25% of the petroleum hydrocarbon mass in the contaminated beach sand was biodegraded over the course of one month. Overall, the results of this experiment suggest the potential of bioremediation method to treat petroleum hydrocarbon polluted environment.Keywords: bacteria, bioremediation, hydrocarbon DOI: 10.33332/jgsm.2019.v20.1.1-7


Shared sanitation facilities (SSFs) have contributed considerably to sanitation access in many lowincome settlements. While many SSFs are of unacceptable quality, others have been found to be a hygienically safe and a socially and economically viable sanitation option. Within its framework, the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP), evaluating progress on the Sustainable Development Goals, considers shared sanitation as 'limited sanitation'. Overall, there is uncertainty about the criteria to distinguish between unacceptable and acceptable quality of SSF. In our study, we used a usercentred qualitative approach in low-income urban settlements in Kumasi (Ghana), Kisumu (Kenya) and Dhaka (Bangladesh) and conducted 17 focus group discussions to evaluate how SSF users define the quality of an SSF and which aspects they consider as essential priorities for good-quality SSF. In descending order, the user priorities identified are: immediate water access, cleanliness, genderseparated toilets, flush toilets, lighting for use at night, lockable/functional doors, tiling, handwashing stations and privacy. This list can serve as input to the sanitation guidelines, local building codes and the establishment of minimum national sanitation standards. SSFs that meet these minimal criteria can then be promoted as an incremental step when individual household facilities are not feasible.


This paper will study the reception and acceptance of the stories and poems by the American writer Edgar Allan Poe. Furthermore, it will analyze how these works and himself have influenced Japanese popular culture, specifically in media such as manga, anime and videogames.