Using a population synthesis approach, we compute the total merger rate in the local universe for double neutron stars, double black holes, and black hole-neutron star binaries. These compact binaries are the prime source candidates for gravitational wave detection by LIGO and VIRGO. We account for mergers originating both from field populations and from dense stellar clusters, where dynamical interactions can significantly enhance the production of double compact objects. For both populations we use the same treatment of stellar evolution. Our results indicate that the merger rates of double neutron stars and black hole-neutron star binaries are strongly dominated by field populations, while merging black hole binaries are formed much more effectively in dense stellar clusters. The overall merger rate of double compact objects depends sensitively on the (largely unknown) initial mass fraction contained in dense clusters (fcl). For fcl≲ 0.0001, the Advanced LIGO detection rate will be dominated by field populations of double neutron star mergers, with a small but significant number of detections, ~20 yr−1. However, for a higher mass fraction in clusters, fcl≳ 0.001, the detection rate will be dominated by numerous mergers of double black holes originating from dense clusters, and it will be considerably higher, ~25-300 yr−1. In addition, we show that, once mergers of double black holes are detected, it is easy to differentiate between systems formed in the field and in dense clusters, since the chirp mass distributions are strikingly different. If significant field populations of double black hole mergers are detected, this will also place very strong constraints on common-envelope evolution in massive binaries. Finally, we point out that there may exist a population of merging black hole binaries in intergalactic space.


Customs clearance is a force step on international trade. The evoluti on and grow of international trade has made more important and complex the task assigned to customs services. Now days customs administration is a relevant regulatory operator in international trade and goods movements as facilitator and accelerator of tr ade. However, the study of efficiency on the public sector is always more complex than the study of efficiency in the private, profit


In order to obtain divergence feature of light spot of a circular light emitting diode( LED) array,illumination formula,and light spot radius formula and divergence angle formula of a circular LED array were deduced by using single LED illumination formula. The dependence of the divergence angle of a circular LED array on the m value,array radius and target distance were analyzed theoretically by using numerical methods. The change data of divergence angle under three conditions were obtained. The results show that the divergence angle decreases with the increase of m value and array radius. However,the divergence angle increases with the increase of target distance. The results are helpful for the illumination source design with circular LED arrays.


This paper presents results of tests to determine how much low-frequency interference can be tolerated in black-and-white television pictures. Various levels of single low-frequency interference were superimposed on a locally transmitted television picture. Observers viewed the picture and rated the disturbing effect of each level of the interference. Ratings were made in terms of preworded comments ranging from "not perceptible" to "unusable." Interfering frequencies from 48 to 90 cycles per second were employed. Just visible interference appears as a flicker. The rate of flicker is the difference between interfering and 60-cycle field frequencies. The most disturbing interference produced a flicker rate of 5 or 6 cycles per second. To be tolerated, the peak-to-peak amplitude of this interference had to be 54 decibels weaker than the peak-to-peak amplitude of the television signal (including synchronizing pulse). For flicker rates of 0.5 and 12 cycles per second, the amount of interference which could be tolerated was larger by 14 and 3 decibels, respectively.


Objective To study the efficacy of Rivaroxaban combined Nifedipine controlled release tablets on vascular crisis prevention after finger replantation,and drug side-effects were observed.Methods In our hospital,from September 2009 to November 2010,the study group patients of 56 cases after finger replantation were used rivaroxaban combined Nifedipine controlled release tablets and the control group patients of 60 cases of finger replantation surgery were used heparin sodium combined papaverine for the prevention of postoperative vascular crisis.The incidence of vascular crisis,the therapeutic effect of vascular crisis and the drug side-effects were observed and recorded.Results Compared with the control group,the replanted finger of the patients had a lower incidence of vascular crisis,higher survival rate and significantly fewer side-effects in the study group.Conclusion Rivaroxaban combined Nifedipine controlled release tablets can be widely used in the patients after finger replantation to reduce the incidence of postoperative vascular crisis,while fewer side effects,especially better patient compliance and tolerance.


Governments around the world are concerned about declining public confidence in democratic institutions. It has been widely assumed that improving the performance of public services will help address this problem. Policy makers in the United Kingdom (UK) have therefore been puzzled to discover that public confidence in local government continued to decline at a time when local services seemed to be improving. The reason for this apparent paradox is that public confidence is influenced by a wide array of factors only some of which are captured by official measures. Since different data can lead to quite different conclusions, it matters what is measured.


In this paper, electrical characteristics of sub-10 nm nanowire FinFETs are investigated using a three-dimensional (3D) quantum correction simulation. Two different nanowire FinFETs, surrounding-gate FinFET and omega-shaped-gate one, are simulated with density-gradient-based model and compared in terms of on/off current, turn-on resistance, gate capacitance. It is found that the characteristic difference between surrounding-gate FinFET and omega-shaped-gate FinFET with a 70% coverage is insignificant. However, the former possesses better DIBL effect than the latter with different coverage ratios. Our examination presented here is useful in the fabrication of omega-shaped nanowire FinFETs.


The objective is to derive a duty cycle of a heater/air conditioner unit that correctly accounts for the effects of the driving process noise. The unit is modeled by using a stochastic hybrid state model driven by a white Gaussian process. Using the Kolmogorov backward equation, first passage theory, and the theory of maximum likelihood-estimation, a duty cycle is derived that shows the effects of the noise term that models the random influences introduced by the environment/customer. The derived duty cycle accounts explicitly for the statistics of the driving process. The proposed method leads to a more accurate estimate of the duty cycle. Existing duty cycles are derived as a special case of this approach.<<ETX>>


The present invention relates to characterization device 1 to determine the characteristics of the object 3. Ultrasonic sensing data of an ultrasonic characteristic of the optical sensing data and said object showing optical characteristics of the object is generated, characteristic determination unit 75 shows the characteristics of the object to at least one of the optical sensing data and the ultrasound sensing data based determined. Since the optical and ultrasound has a generally different penetration depths and scattering properties with respect to the object, it is reduced by one of the quality of the optical sensing data and the ultrasound sensing data, for example, a relatively small penetration depth it is, or may not well suited is for one of the optical sensing data and ultrasonic sensor data to determine the desired properties of the object, it is possible to determine the characteristics of the object with good quality.


PurposeThe authors examine the spillover effects of CEO removal on the corporate financial policies of competing firms among S&P 1500 firms.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used generalized estimating equations (GEE) on a sample of S&P 1,500 firms from 2000 to 2018 to test this study's research hypotheses. Return on assets (ROA), investment policy, and payout policy are used as proxies for corporate policies.FindingsThe authors found an increase in ROA and dividend payout in the immediate aftermath. Further, this study's hypothesis does not hold for R&D expenditure and net-working capital as the authors found an insignificant change in them in the immediate aftermath. However, the authors found a significant reduction in capital expenditure, supporting this study's hypothesis in the context of investment policy. Institutional investors and product similarity moderated the spillover effect on corporate policies (ROA, dividend payout, and capital expenditure).Originality/valueThe authors address a novel aspect of CEO performance-induced removal due to poor performance, i.e., the response of other CEOs to CEO performance-induced removal. This study's findings add to the literature supporting the bright side of CEOs' response to CEO performance-induced removal in peer firms due to poor performance.


Significance Striatin-interacting phosphatases and kinases (STRIPAK) complexes can regulate the cytoskeleton and cell migration in cell lines, but their roles in vivo in mammals are not known. Here, we show that mouse embryos that lack striatin-interacting protein 1 (STRIP1), a core component of STRIPAK complexes, arrest at midgestation with striking morphological defects. Strip1 mutants lack a trunk, and both paraxial and axial mesoderm fail to elongate along the anterior–posterior body axis. Mesodermal cells from Strip1 mutants have defects in actin organization, focal adhesions, and cell migration that can account for the failure of normal mesoderm migration. The findings demonstrate that STRIPAK is a critical regulator of mammalian cell migration and is likely to have important roles in tumor progression as well as development. Regulated mesoderm migration is necessary for the proper morphogenesis and organ formation during embryonic development. Cell migration and its dependence on the cytoskeleton and signaling machines have been studied extensively in cultured cells; in contrast, remarkably little is known about the mechanisms that regulate mesoderm cell migration in vivo. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a mouse mutation in striatin-interacting protein 1 (Strip1) that disrupts migration of the mesoderm after the gastrulation epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). STRIP1 is a core component of the biochemically defined mammalian striatin-interacting phosphatases and kinase (STRIPAK) complexes that appear to act through regulation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), but their functions in mammals in vivo have not been examined. Strip1-null mutants arrest development at midgestation with profound disruptions in the organization of the mesoderm and its derivatives, including a complete failure of the anterior extension of axial mesoderm. Analysis of cultured mesoderm explants and mouse embryonic fibroblasts from null mutants shows that the mesoderm migration defect is correlated with decreased cell spreading, abnormal focal adhesions, changes in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton, and decreased velocity of cell migration. The results show that STRIPAK complexes are essential for cell migration and tissue morphogenesis in vivo.


Effect of different developers on the determination of total flavonoids in Polygonum aviculare was explored.The flavonoids were developed with A1C13 and determined by UV-vis spectrophotometry at 418nm.The results showed that the total flavonoids content in samples was 12.012mg/g.The average recovery of the standard substance was 102.1%.The method is simple,rapid,accurate and has good reproducibility,which can be used to determine the content of total flavonoids in Polygonum aviculare.


Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic connective tissue disease. Typical first signs of diseases are pain and edemas of small hand and foot joint, but sometimes first symptoms regard less typical place like one big joint. Pain became the barrier for normal functioning patients with RA, therefore wide range of physical therapy is needed. The aim of this study was evaluation of pain reduction in physical therapy on diseases changed joint. The study involved 50 patients with RA, where mean of age was 47,5. In this group fallowing physical therapy techniques were used: cryotherapy, ultrasound therapy, laser therapy, electrical stimulation TENS, iontophoresis, diadynamic and magnetic therapy. In studied group first signs of diseases were similar like in literature. The presented results indicate pain reduction on all treatment filled join. Used physical therapy techniques were more effective on hand joints then on foot joints.


Methods of preventing or alleviating clogging of soil pores when spreading water on soil surfaces or injecting water into aquifers for recharge are discussed. Observations of methods such as suction cleaning or scraping to remove clogging materials and restore the infiltration rate in some installed systems are pointed out. Certain past experimental work on the subject is reviewed.

Of various filter materials used in infiltrometers at Bakersfield, sand ranging in size from 0.5 to 1.6 mm maintained a higher infiltration rate than ⅛ or ¼ inch pea gravel or the existing aquifer material. Information is given on particle size distribution of both the filter and aquifer materials. Head losses due to filters and within the underlying aquifer are shown.


Roman Godlewski
Unjustified Opinions as the Foundation of Actions

Abstract

The article concerns the phenomenon of religion. Religious behavior is thought to be an action based on unjustified opinions. Such actions are wrong but there are some exceptions. The exceptional actions are called "superrational," unjustified opinions they are based on are called "regulative" and facts described in them "superreal." The author gives a typology of acting in this way. The types go as follows: (1) putting scientific hypotheses, (2) practical pressure, (3) the will of no investigation, (4) the will to regard only some given sources of truth, (5) the will not to know, (6) symbolic or metaphorical behavior (religious included). The latter is described within a wider anthropological and evolutionary context. The author claims that irrationality of religious beliefs in respect to their content does not mean that actions based on them are irrational, but the question is whether a given religious practice fulfills the emotional needs of a particular person. From the evolutionary point of view, it is important to have emotionally stable biological units even if, in order to obtain this, one has to take fiction for reality with reference to facts of little importance for life.

Keywords: religion, action, behavior, opinion, belief, justification, rationality, magic, symbol, evolution.


Taking the project of Shizimen Channel crossing part of 220 kV Qinyun (Zhuhai)-Lianhua (Macao) Power Transmission line (Lot-3) as an example, the construction technique for long distance river-crossing cable with extra cross-sectional size cable laying inside pipeline was introduced. Firstly, horizontal directional drilling machine was used to cross the river channel, then protective pipeline was laid for cable and high-power hydraulic puller was used as the pulling machine; at the same time cable support with brake equipment was used as the supporting device for transmission cable laying. Compared with the conventional construction method that only uses manual maneuvering winch as single power, the construction method that uses high-power hydraulic puller in cable laying is more safe, economic, and effective.


We have shown previously that retinol inhibits the invasion of all‐trans‐retinoic acid (ATRA)‐resistant human colon cancer cell lines through a retinoic acid receptor (RAR)‐independent mechanism by decreasing the activity of MMP‐2 and ‐9. The objective of the current study was to determine the mechanism by which retinol inhibits metastasis. The ATRA‐resistant colon cancer cell lines HCT‐116 and SW620 an were treated for 24 h with 0, 1 or 10 microM retinol. Retinol treatment decreased the activity of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) and Akt in both cell lines. Moreover, transfection with a constitutively active Akt blocked retinol¡¯s inhibitory effect on cell invasion. To determine the effect of retinol on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway upstream of Akt, we examined the effect of retinol on the protein levels of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS‐1) and the PI3K subunits, p85 and p110, as well as the phosphorylation of IRS‐1. Retinol did not alter the protein levels of IRS‐1, p85, and p‐110 or IRS‐1 phosphorylation. In conclusion, retinol inhibits cell invasion by decreasing PI3K and Akt activity; however retinol does not affect PI3K or IRS‐1 protein levels or phosphorylation.


The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) Completeness and
feasibility of infrastructure and physical education in high schools throughout
Banyumas Regency in 2013.
This research is a descriptive study using survey methods. Subjects were
se-SMA Banyumas, amounting to 12 schools. Data collection techniques used
were observation, and documentation. Analysis using the calculation of the
percentage of the ideal number.
Based on research data and analysis of data , the results can be taken,
namely : ( 1 ) The number of high school students as Banyumas District in 2013
was 9664 children by the number of classes a class 309 with the average number
of students in high schools throughout Banyumas Regency is 31 students per class
, ( 2 ) the average percentage of completeness infrastructure physical education in
high schools throughout Banyumas Regency in 2013 was 29 %, which is included
in the range between 21-40 % less that category , ( 3 ) the average percentage of
completeness means physical education in high schools throughout Banyumas
Regency in 2013 was 55.6 % , which is included in the range between 41-60 % is
moderate category , ( 4 ) the average percentage of infrastructure feasibility of
physical education in high schools a year Banyumas 2013 was 27.7 % , which is
included in the range of values between 21-40 % are less categories , ( 5 ) the
average percentage of eligibility means of physical education in high schools
throughout Banyumas Regency in 2013 was 50.4 % , which is included in values
range between 41-60 % which is the category being .
Conclusions This study is the infrastructure and physical education in
high schools throughout Banyumas Regency in 2013 is the completeness and
feasibility of infrastructure in the SMA throughout Banyumas Regency in 2013
does not meet the high standards of infrastructure. While the completeness and
feasibility of the means in the SMA throughout Banyumas Regency in 2013 is
enough to meet the standards.
Keywords: completeness infrastructure, completeness of facilities, infrastructure
feasibility, feasibility means


The invention discloses a large/small vane series cascade impeller and compressor. The large/small vane series cascade impeller comprises a front vane row and a rear vane row; the front edges of the rear vane row are inserted into the clearance in the front vane row. The distance from the front edge of the rear vane row to the front edge of the front vane row is equal to 20%-70% of the distance from the front edge of the front vane row and the rear edge. The rear edge of the rear vane row is positioned at 10% of the frontage to 50% of the rear surface of the rear edge of the front vane row. The invention does not increase the axial dimension of the impeller, and can effectively restrain the separation of the airflow at the rear part of the suction surface of the vanes.


Objective To evaluate the differences in therapeutic effects and safety of intravenous metoprolol and cedilanid in the treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmia.Methods The effects and safety of intravenous metoprolol and cedilanid in the treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmia were comprehensively evaluated with the meta-analysis in homogeneity tests and combined tests in 5 studies.Results①The homogeneity test shows that the cited studies of the effects and safety were homogeneous withχ~2=6.14,χ~2=0.10,P0.05.The mean duration of achieving effectiveness,χ~2=8.58,P0.05.②In the combined tests, the value of efficacy and safety was OR merging =2.38 and OR merging 95%.The confidence interval was 1.35~4.18,and OR merging test:Z=3.01,P0.05. The value of safety was OR merging =3.57,OR merging 95%.The confidence interval was 0.73~17.55,OR merging test:Z=1.56,P0.05.Differentials of the mean duration of achieving effectiveness between two groups:WMD=-30.41,95%CI=(-32.77,-28.06),The emerging test ofdifferentials Z=25.30,P0.00001.Conclusion Itravenous metoprolol is more fast and effective than cedilanid in the treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmia.The safety of these two treatment is just the same.


Arnica, also known as mountain daisy, mountain tobacco, and leopard's bane, is a perennial herb of the family Asteraceae.[1][1],[2][2] The herb, which has orange-yellow daisy-like flower heads, is native to the meadows and mountainous regions of Europe and western North America. Europeans and


A significant portion of the web is powered by ECMAScript. As a web technology, it is ubiquitous and available on most platforms natively or through a web browser. ECMAScript is the dominant language of the web, but at the same time, it was not designed as such. The story of ECMAScript is a story of the impact of standardization on the popularity of technology. Simultaneously, the story shows how external pressures can shape a programming language and how politics can mar the evolution of a standard. In this article, we will go through the movements that led to the dominant position of ECMAScript, evaluate the factors leading to it, and consider its evolution using the Futures Triangle framework and the theory of standards wars.


A multipolar electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma source was characterized by Langmuir probe measurements and the charged particle energy and density are related to photoresist etch rate. Ion density was found to increase with microwave power but decrease with source distance, and is independent of rf power and flow rate. Among the different gases investigated, Ar plasma was found to have higher ion density compared to O2, N2, and Cl2 discharge. Ion density peaked at 5 mTorr for Ar and 2 mTorr for O2 plasma. For a N2 plasma, the maximum ion density was found to occur at 10 mTorr at 3 cm and 2 mTorr at 23 cm below the ECR source. Electron temperature is ∼3 eV for pressure ranging from 1 to 5 mTorr but decreases to 2 eV at 20 mTorr. Photoresist etch rate follows the same trend as ion density. It increases with microwave power and decreases with source distance. On the other hand, photoresist etch rate increases with rf power and flow rate, even though the ion density remains constant. This suggests tha...


The utility model discloses a gantry-type potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal fixed abrasive linear sawing machine. The linear sawing machine comprises a main body frame, sliding sleeves, a saw wire, a main movement mechanism and a feeding mechanism, wherein the main body frame comprises a beam and two upright posts at the two ends of the beam; the feeding mechanism is arranged on the main body frame; sliding sleeves are arranged on both the two upright posts; the main movement mechanism is connected with the sliding sleeves; and the saw wire is arranged on the main movement mechanism. The linear sawing machine is reasonable in structural design, high in machining efficiency, safe, reliable and low in cost.


A Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork (MANET) is a wireless network set up temporarily without a wired infrastructure (routers, switches, servers, cables, access points, etc.). The wireless nodes in a MANET may move around and each one of them may need to forward packets for other components in the network. Several routing protocols such as DSR, AODV and DSDV have been proposed to facilitate communication in such a dynamically changing network topology. The base protocol used in this paper is NTP (Node Transition Probability) [3] which has considered only the problem of providing efficient mechanisms for finding paths in very dynamic networks without considering security. Due to this, there arises number of attacks which causes wrong actions in the routing protocols. This leads to heavy drop of packets in the routing process and affects the entire routing procedure. To overcome this problem, security has been included in the routing algorithm known as SECNTP-CKM (SECurity in NTP protocol with Certificate based Key Management). The modified protocol has larger end to end delay than the base protocol. This paper provides a novel algorithm to reduce the end to end delay in SECNTP-CKM for a mobile ad hoc network.


Following interviews with the Home Secretary and his Labour 'shadow', Probation Journal spoke to the Liberals' Home Affairs parliamentary spokesperson on December 19th. How does the 'third force' in British politics view criminal justice issues?


Alternative splicing is a phenomenon that gives rise to multiple mRNA transcripts from a single gene. It is believed that a large number of genes undergoes alternative splicing. Predicting alternative splicing events is a problem of great interest to biologists, as it can help them to understand transcript diversity. Supervised machine learning approaches can be used to predict alternative splicing events at genome level. However, supervised approaches require large amounts of labeled data to learn accurate classifiers. While large amounts of genomic data are produced by the new sequencing technologies, labeling these data can be costly and time consuming. Therefore, semi-supervised learning approaches that can make use of large amounts of unlabeled data, in addition to small amounts of labeled data are highly desirable. In this work, we study the usefulness of a semi-supervised learning approach, co-training, for classifying exons as alternatively spliced or constitutive. The co-training algorithm makes use of two views of the data to iteratively learn two classifiers that can inform each other, at each step, with their best predictions on the unlabeled data. We consider three sets of features for constructing views for the problem of predicting alternatively spliced exons: lengths of the exon of interest and its flanking introns, exonic splicing enhancers and intronic regulatory sequences. Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms are used as based classifiers in our study. Experimental results show that the usage of the unlabeled data can result in better classifiers as compared to those obtained from the small amount of labeled data alone. Keywords-alternative splicing, semi-supervised learning, cotraining.


Twenty four sorghum stovers were investigated with sheep for organic matter digestibility (OMD) and intake (OMI), and for digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) and for relations between laboratory fodder quality traits and these in vivo measurements. Statistically highly significant and nutritionally important differences were found between the stover with OMD differing by 15 percentage units and OMI and DOMI varying 1.6 and 2 times, respectively. For each of the in vivo measurements, chemical (NDF, ADF, ADL) and in vitro (in vitro digestibility, metabolisable energy content) traits were identified which accounted for at least 50% of the variation in the respective traits. Using multiple regression procedures and stringent cross-validation ("blind-predictions") procedures OMD, OMI and DOMI could be predicted with R2 for comparing observed and predicted values of 0.36, 0.65 and 0.75, respectively. The reported research showed selection for dual purpose sorghum cultivars is promising, and identified and validated simple laboratory traits that can be used for such phenotyping.


A spatial-domain Fourier Transform (FT) infrared (IR) spectrometer coupled with a PtSi Schottkybarrier IR detector plane was developed in the spectral range of $2.0-2.5{\mu}m$ for noninvasive measurement of analyte concentrations in cell culture media during cell culture processing. A key optical component of the spectrometer is a Savart plate which is a birefringent polarizer generating coherent two rays for interfering. The spectral resolution of the spectrometer was determined as $71cm^{-1}$ ( ${\~}0.05{\mu}m$ at $2.5{\mu}m$ ). Clear IR fringe patterns were imaged on the IR detector plane. The feasibility of the spectrometer for our application was investigated by measuring absorbance spectra of glucose and fetal bovine serum (FBS) which are important compounds in cell culture media. Experiment results show that the spectral quality of glucose and FBS was comparable with the standard spectra acquired with a commercial FT-IR spectrometer, presenting the feasibility of the spectrometer to perform analyte measurement in cell culture media.


In recent, conservative groups propose the online game shutdown system. Also some politicians propose a bill to enact online game shutdown system as a revision to the youth protection act. The online game shutdown system is blocking children's access to online game in certain time or after using online game for certain hours at midnight. Here certain time means from p.m. 10 to a.m. 6, and certain hours means 2 hours. The bill to enact online game shutdown system imposes the obligation to block access to online game in certain time on the online game publishers, and inflicts a penalty on a online game publisher for an offense. But in my views, the online game shutdown system is unconstitutional in the following perspectives. Firstly, the online game shutdown system infringes upon youth's right to pursue happiness, especially right to play game. Because the object of the online game shutdown system is the online games which is already rated suitable for children by Korea Media Rating Board. Secondly, the online game shutdown system violates the constitutional principle of family autonomy, or infringes upon parents' right to educate and foster children. Thirdly, the online game shutdown system infringes upon online game publishers' right to equal protection by discriminating online game publishers from arcade game, video game, pc game, mobile game publishers without reasonable rationales.


The short backfire antenna (SBA) has been widely used for mobile satellite communications, tracking, telemetry, and wireless local-area network applications due to its compact structure and excellent radiation characteristics. The most common excitation topology for the SBA is a balance-fed wire dipole, which has the disadvantage of a narrow frequency bandwidth for the input impedance. In this paper, an H-shaped slot is employed to excite the SBA for the first time. The H-shaped slot is unbalance-fed from a coaxial line. It is demonstrated that the H-shaped slot-excited SBA can achieve a bandwidth for input impedance of more than 20% (VSWR<2) while maintaining good radiation performance. The antenna structure is described and the simulation and experimental results are presented. The operating principle is investigated to explain why the slot-excited SBA can result in good impedance and radiation characteristics. A parametric study is conducted for the use of practical engineering design.


The effect of creatine (Cr) supplementation on muscle function and body composition of 12 boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and three with Becker dystrophy was evaluated by a randomized double‐blind cross‐over study (3 g Cr or maltodextrin daily for 3 months, with wash‐out period of 2 months). After placebo, no change was observed in maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and resistance to fatigue, whereas total joint stiffness (TJS) was increased by ∼25% (P < 0.05). The patients receiving Cr did not show any change in TJS, improved MVC by 15% (P = 0.02), and almost doubled their resistance to fatigue (P < 0.001). In patients still independent of a wheelchair (n = 5), bone mineral density increased by 3% (P < 0.05), and urinary excretion of collagen type I cross‐linking N‐telopeptide declined to about one third (P < 0.001) after Cr. No adverse effect was observed. Thus, Cr may provide some symptomatic benefit in these patients. Muscle Nerve 27: 604–610, 2003


In this paper, we evaluate the performance of optimum multiuser detection by union bounding techniques for a large number of users. It is a difficult task to analytically compute the average bit error probability of multiuser DS-CDMA systems. In this paper we aim to use bounds to accurately evaluate the optimal performance of a multiuser DS-CDMA system, both synchronous and asynchronous. We present a general algorithm to compute the partial distance spectrum of the multiuser system. Numerical results for both systems with binary random signature waveforms of length 31 are used to illustrate the method. It has been found that the optimal bounds for the asynchronous system have a lower bit error probability (BEP) than synchronous systems. Focus is given to two areas namely 1) computing bit error probability (BEP) given a particular correlation matrix, 2) applying optimal conditional importance sampling and computing bit error probability for randomly generated correlation matrices.


Osteoporosis is more prominent feature of AS at axial then at peripheral sites.We can assume that osteoporosis in AS is primarily influenced by inflammation.


To some extent Oates's book is engaged in dismantling a perception of the Internet as a political force per se. A major component of Oates's thesis is that the offline sociopolitical realities of nation-states inform the corresponding zones of cyberspace more than they are informed by them, the Russian Internet being no exception. What Oates presents here is a longitudinal study of the Russian Internet, or RuNet (with the closest focus on the years 2008–2013), conducted with a view to gauging RuNet's democratizing potential or its potential as an instrument, or even agent, of political change. For the most part, RuNet emerges in Oates's analysis as little more than a new-media expression of the offline sociopolitical reality of the post-Soviet Russian Federation. Ultimately, however, she does present specific developments from 2011–2013 as a basis to hypothesize that RuNet may be coming into its own as a force of political change. The book gives a very useful concise history of RuNet from its origins to the time of writing, covering the attitudes towards and engagement with the Internet of both the state apparatus and the citizenry of the Russian Federation. The story, in broad strokes, is that of an Internet that for about a decade is used by a small segment of the Russian population—and treated by the authorities—as a form of telecommunication, and in later years comes to be used and treated by both citizenry and authorities as a mass communication medium. For the first several years of the post-Soviet era Internet penetration in Russia lags well behind that of other developed countries. It explodes in the second decade, increasing twenty-fold between 2000 and 2010. Beginning with the first version of the SORM legislation in 1996, the Internet is subject in the Russian Federation to state surveillance, by Western standards grossly invasive, but this applies to all forms of telecommunication. As Internet penetration increases dramatically through the 2000s, this legislation, combined with the wide adoption of Web 2.0 technologies such as social networking and blogging sites, translates RuNet from the domain of telecommunications to that of mass media. This shift takes


Synopsis : To clarify the bubble evolution during firing of one coat porcelain enamels on cold rolled Ti bearing steel sheets produced by continuous casting, analysis of gas chromatography and mass spectrometer of gas collected from the enamel on three kinds of enamelling steel sheets were analysed, and microstructures of both pickled specimens and fired ones were examined precisely. It was found that gases of one coat enamelling on Ti bearing steel sheet consisted of about 53% of hydrogen and 46% of nitrogen. The results show that hydrogen is thought to evolve from the water-iron reaction during firing, and nitrogen is thought to come from the air trapped in etched dent of grain boundary on steel sheet surface and between frit particles. On the other hand, gases of capped steel sheet and less-Al-high-oxygen steel sheet produced by continuous casting consisted of 10% nitrogen and 90% of hydrogen which is thought to evolve from the same reaction as before.


An approach to generate generalized pairwise Z-complementary (GPZ) codes, which works in pairs in order to offer a zero correlation zone (ZCZ) in the vicinity of zero phase shift and fit extremely well in power efficient quadrature carrier modems, is introduced in this letter. Each GPZ code has MK sequences, each of length 4NK, where M is the number of Z-complementary mates, K is a factor to perform Walsh-Hadamard expansions, and N is the sequence length of the Z-complementary code. The proposed GPZ codes include the generalized pairwise complementary (GPC) codes as special cases.


In "Latin American Studies: Literary, Cultural, and Comparative Theory," Roman de la Campa explores the post-1989 era of Latin American literary studies, particularly the way in which theoretical production has responded to the collapse of left-wing state projects and the growing influence of market forces in academia. De la Campa suggests that in this context it becomes even more important to study the different ways in which national and regional imaginaries continue to shape Latin American literary studies in both Latin America and the United States. He asks whether we are witnessing the onset of new paradigms better able to comprehend or articulate the field in its ever-increasing complexity or a turn toward projects that are both more hermetic in their regional or national scope of application, as well as more immanent in their capacity to absorb difference in the abstract. De la Campa contends that the shifting grounds for Latin American postmodernism are particularly illustrative of how the post-1989 era converges on Latin American literary studies. As an example, he surveys the postcolonial turn, particularly as it pertains to two differing readings of testimonio, one largely articulated in the United States through the work of John Beverley and subaltern post-symbolic aesthetics, the other in Chile through the work of Nelly Richard's cultural critique of the dictatorship and post-dictatorship. According to de la Campa the current state of Latin American literary and cultural studies calls for a new comparativism willing to recognize a growing field of contradictory differences among nations, regions, and scholars. Roman de la Campa, "Latin American Studies: Literary, Cultural, and Comparative Theory" page 2 of 9 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 4.2 (2002):


We have developed a prototype system of a laser THz emission microscope (LTEM) for inspecting electrical failures in large-scale integrated circuits (LSIs). LTEM measures the THz emission images on LSIs by exciting the p-n junctions with ultra fast laser pulses. Without any electrical probing, we successfully identified interconnection built-in defects such as open or short circuit in C7552 ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits using the prototype system.


In human cells infected with herpes simplex virus 1 the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is activated but phosphorylation of the (cid:97) subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF-2) and total shutoff of protein synthesis is observed only in cells infected with (cid:103) 1 z34.5 (cid:50) mutants. The carboxyl-terminal 64 aa of (cid:103) 1 34.5 protein are homologous to the corresponding domain of MyD116, the murine growth arrest and DNA damage gene 34 (GADD34) protein and the two domains are functionally interchangeable in infected cells. This report shows that ( i ) the carboxyl terminus of MyD116 interacts with protein phosphatase 1 (cid:97) in yeast, and both MyD116 and (cid:103) 1 34.5 interact with protein phosphatase 1 (cid:97) in vitro ; ( ii ) protein synthesis in infected cells is strongly inhibited by okadaic acid, a phosphatase 1 inhibitor; and ( iii ) the (cid:97) subunit in purified eIF-2 phosphorylated in vitro is specifically dephosphorylated by S10 fractions of wild-type infected cells at a rate 3000 times that of mock-infected cells, whereas the eIF-2 either plasmid pRB4873, pRB4892, or pRB4892, followed by affinity purification of the fusion proteins from bacterial lysates on agarose beads conjugated with glutathione. Yeast Two-Hybrid Screen. The yeast strain Y190 (16) transformed with plasmid pRB4890, and growing on Trp (cid:50) selective medium was retransformed with a human brain cDNA library (CLONTECH) and subjected to selection on Trp (cid:50) (cid:121) Leu (cid:121) His (cid:50) medium in the presence of 25 mM 3-aminotriazole (Sigma). Moderate to fast growing colonies were restreaked on Trp (cid:50) (cid:121) Leu (cid:50) (cid:121) His (cid:50) medium 5 days after plating. The library-derived plasmids were recovered by transformation of E. coli HB101 with total yeast DNA preparations, followed by selec- tion on Leu (cid:50) (cid:121) ampicillin (cid:49) medium as described (16). The filter assay for (cid:98) -galactosidase was done as recommended by CLONTECH. Determination of eIF-2 (cid:97) -P Phosphatase Activity. The translation initiation factor eIF-2 was purified from rabbit reticu- locyte ribosomes (17). The hemin-controlled translational repressor (HCR) was partially purified to step 4 from rabbit reticulocyte lysates (18). eIF-2 (20 pmol or 2.7 (cid:109) g) was reacted with step 4 HCR in 0.02 M Tris (cid:122) HCl (pH 7.5), 40 mM KCl, 2.0 mM MgCl 2 , and 0.17 mM [ (cid:103) - 32 P]ATP (2–10 or 74–370 GBq mmol) a final (cid:109)


: Most Indians know the Northeast only as a region of conflict. The media speak about the "Seven Sisters" of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura only when there are killings or other conflicts. In reality, the Northeast stands out also for other forms of change, high literacy being one of them. That achievement is the doing mostly of Christians. Seen in the context of this achievement and the economic and cultural marginalisation of the region, the conflicts may be understood as integral to the process of a search for an identity. That turns the situation into a challenge to those who believe in continuing the work of the Prince of Peace. It requires an understanding of the causes of the conflict and a search for solutions that are just to the people of the region and to other marginalised groups. In other words, the Northeast challenges Christians to go beyond appearances and understand the changes and the agony that its people are going through. It also demands courage to adapt one's work to the aspirations expressed through what is termed unrest or militancy or terrorism. As the Vatican II Pastoral Constitution (No. 4) says, their prophetic role demands that Christians read the "signs of the times" and respond to them in a spirit of faith. With that in view we shall attempt in this paper to understand these changes and study possible solutions to the conflict.


In order to improve the efficiency of environmental protection and make favorable conditions for environmental management and supervision in industrial zones in Long An province, the study of calculating greenhouse gas emission and developing a set of criteria for classifying environmental protection for industries being operated in this area is necessary. Greenhouse gas emission of three industries, including chemial protection plant, metal, paper production were calculated and the results were 822,63 tons CO2eq/year; 2.067,18 tons CO2eq/year; 48.965,78 tons CO2eq/year respectively. Using multi-criteria approach to screen the criteria for classification, and obtaining the official set of criteria including 24 criteria in four topics: economic potential (2 criteria); Environmental emissions (12 criteria); resource consumption (3 criteria); management response (7 criteria). Applying these criteria for classifying three industries, the results shown that the environmental protection in both chemial protection plant and paper production are average and that is quite good in metal production. Thereby, the authors proposed some solutions to improve the efficiency of environmental protection for production facilities operating in three research industries, including three groups of solutions: Reducing emissions to the environment; Saving resources and Promoting environmental protection management. Keywords— Criteria for classification, greenhouse gas, industry, Long An province Estimate greenhouse gas emission, classify environmental protection and propose solutions for greening some industries in Long An province


We study adoption of a new technology when the pro…tability of the new technique diers across individuals and there is uncertainty about these individual- speci…c dierences. We model the learning process about individual pro…tability with the new technology and show how such individual-speci…c uncertainty may result in a …nancing constraint when debt contracts are characterized by limited liability and limited commitment on the side of the borrower. In data from Tamil Nadu, in which …shing boats made from …bre reinforced plastic became available in 2001, we …nd signi…cant evidence for individual-speci…c uncertainty about the pro…tability of the new technology. The empirical results suggest that inferring individual pro…tability takes more than two years - despite of the high frequency of …shing activities. Additional results imply that this uncertainty reduces the amount of external …nance available for the technology switch by 30%. The resulting need for complementary self-…nance creates a wealth threshold, below which adoption, even if pro…table, is not feasible.


i DECLARATION All sentences or passages quoted in this dissertation from other people's work have been specifically acknowledged by clear cross-referencing to author, work and page(s). Any illustrations which are not the work of the author of this dissertation have been used with the explicit permission of the originator and are specifically acknowledged. I understand that failure to do this amounts to plagiarism and will be considered grounds for failure in this dissertation and the degree examin ation as a whole. ABSTRACT Since the publication of Rumelhart and McClelland's seminal work on neural network theory, in 1986, the field has grown and grown as people come to realise the potential that neural networks have for dealing with complex pattern recognition problems. The ability to model highly non-linear, non-parameterised data in ways previously impossible using more traditional, mathematical methods, means that neural nets are being used in applications th at though previously to be impossible to model computationally. The stock market is the most glamorous and, at the same time, the least understood of the financial markets, and for years and years people have tried to forecast the future behaviour of the market, often with disastrous consequences. The stock market is so complex in its exact function that it is considered by many to be more or less random, although in recent years people have been identifying non-linear patterns within the activity of the market. Actually modelling the stock markets therefore, seems like the sort of problem where a neural net may well succeed where others have failed. Various kinds of network are used to try and achieve this, and the results provide useful insight into the abilities of networks when dealing with this sort of problem.


Trust relationship prediction among people provides valuable supports for decision making, information dissemination, and product promotion in online social networks. Network embedding has achieved promising performance for link prediction by learning node representations that encode intrinsic network structures. However, most of the existing network embedding solutions cannot effectively capture the properties of a trust network that has directed edges and nodes with in/out links. Furthermore, there usually exist rich user attributes in trust networks, such as ratings, reviews, and the rated/reviewed items, which may exert significant impacts on the formation of trust relationships. It is still lacking a network embedding-based method that can adequately integrate these properties for trust prediction. In this work, we develop an AtNE-Trust model to address these issues. We firstly capture user embedding from both the trust network structures and user attributes. Then we design a deep multi-view representation learning module to further mine and fuse the obtained user embedding. Finally, a trust evaluation module is developed to predict the trust relationships between users. Representation learning and trust evaluation are optimized together to capture high-quality user embedding and make accurate predictions simultaneously. A set of experiments against the real-world datasets demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Pressure and electric field fluctuations are suitable for detecting seismic disturbances on the seafloor in the frequency range of .02 to 2 Hz. The background noise has two maxima in this range. From .01 to .03 Hz the pressure spectrum decreases because hydrodynamic filtering increasingly removes the direct influence of long surface gravity waves. The electric spectrum decreases because of increasing absorption of ionospheric disturbances. From 0.09 to 0.11 Hz both spectra increase sharply to a series of peaks where the non-linear interference of opposed surface wave trains generates microseisms. At 0.09 Hz the inferred vertical ground motion on the seafloor approaches that of quiet continental sites.


In the contexts of musical practice, especially in situations of interaction, the use of vocal articulations to refer to specific passages of a musical piece, is common. They seem to function as a communication tool to convey aspects of music that would complete the information contained in the score. From these considerations arises the analysis of the role they would play such articulations in musical practice This article presents an exploratory study aimed to investigate the vocal articulations in a case study, to reflect on its implications in the context of interaction. They are characterized as expressive vocal articulations that are part of the communication process multimodal and intersubjective that take place in the shared musical practice. The hypothesis that guided the study considers that in certain moments of musical practice, the human voice plays a fundamental role to communicate issues related to the expressive intention of the musician.


Abstract White ceramic roof coatings were found to be significantly better than galvanized sheet metal in reducing the solar heat gain on roof panels like those used for the roof of a farmers stock peanut warehouse. However, the ceramic coatings were not better than a white acrylic latex paint in reducing solar heat gain. After four years of testing, there was no apparent difference in the durability of the ceramic coatings or paint. The ceramic coatings were reputed to have good thermal insulating properties, but these were not apparent in the study. The maximum mean two-hour temperature during the study occurred on September 14, 1991 with the galvanized control panel reaching a high of 69.3 C. The ceramic coated and painted panels due to their solar radiation reflective properties were approximately 19 C cooler than the galvanized control and approximately 14 C warmer than ambient temperature.


A METHOD OF PRODUCING THE S-adenosyl-L-HOMOCYSTEINE HYDROLASES, THAT GROWN ON MICROORGANISM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING THE ENZYME IN HIS CELL IN A NUTRIENT MEDIUM TO ACCUMULATE IN THE HYDROLASES CELL MICRO BODY IS EITHER BACTERIA BELONGING TO Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, ACINETOBACTER, Arthrobacter, ENTEROBACTER, Rhodopseudomonas, Agrobacterium, Micrococcus, Corynebacterium, Brevibacterium, Chromobacterium, XANTHOMONAS, FLAVOBACTERIUM, Cellulomonas, AZOTOBACTER OR Protaminobacter OR an actinomycetes BELONGING TO THE GENUS Streptomyces, MYCOBACTERIUM , NOCARDIA, Streptoverticillium, Micromonospora, Micropolyspora, Streptosporangium OR MICROELLOBOSPORIA; THEN RECOVERED ON THE S-adenosyl-L-HOMOCYSTEINE HYDROLASES CELL.


Abstract A model for glucose metabolism during exercise is developed for use in an automated insulin delivery device. Key changes that occur in the body during exercise are an increase and redistribution of blood flow, increased glucose uptake, and increased glucose production by the liver. A model of glucose and insulin metabolism for exercise intensity ≤ 60% VO 2 max and duration ≤ 90 minutes has been constructed. The model-generated glucose profiles are consistent with physiological behavior over this time period based on comparisons with literature data.


The commercial operations have a particularly large share in the activity of the patrimonial units. These operations generate income and expenses, affecting debts to suppliers and receivables from customers and always involve the connection between two economic agents, one called supplier, for which the operation represents a sale and another called customer, for which the same operation represents a purchase. The debts and receivables generated by the company's relations with natural and legal persons outside it, as well as with natural persons inside are mainly reflected through the 4th class "Third party accounts". In business practice, price reductions of a commercial nature (which have a direct influence on the net size of an invoice) and/or a financial one (they are also called discounts) can be encountered.


One of the most significant and distressing global health challenges facing us today is the worldwide pandemic of HIV/AIDS. Of mothers who are HIV positive and who have no intervention 15-30% will transmit the infection to their child during pregnancy or childbirth or through breast milk. It is estimated that each day there are nearly 1800 new HIV infections in children under age 15 and that 1400 children under age 15 die daily of AIDS-related illnesses; 95% of these deaths occur in the developing world. The United Nations and UNICEF are working to reverse this pandemic through the Millennium Development Project with a goal of ending the HIV/AIDS pandemic by the year 2015. This goal requires the initiation of interventions in developing countries where resources are limited. The focus areas include the following: 1. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. 2. Provision of treatment for pediatric patients who are HIV positive. 3. Prevention of infection in adolescents and young adults. 4. Protection and support of children who are HIV positive. (excerpt)


This paper focuses on modelling sensor placement for traffic monitoring using vision based sensors. A significant problem with using such sensors is that vehicles can be merged in an amorphous group making detection difficult. Sensor placement has a direct impact on the efficiency of traffic monitoring. We simulate various sensor placements and measure the apparent occlusion between vehicles. Parametric distributions are utilised for modelling vehicle height, length, width and gap length when simulating traffic mixes. These models are used to predict the probability of on-axis and off-axis occlusion of vehicles as perceived from different sensor locations. These occlusion models show that poor sensor placement can have a direct impact on the detection of vehicles.


The results of the study on the synthesis of high-temperature superconductors in the system Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O based on amorphous precursors were considered in this article, and were obtained under the influence of the radiant flux. A study of the elemental composition of amorphous precursors has showed the presence of 20 at.% superstoichiometric oxygen. The increase in the rate of formation of the superconducting phase and the high texture of the particles in the ceramic samples along the plane [00I] were established. The synthesized samples were composed of superconducting phase Bi1,7Pb0,3Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy. Research has established a presence in samples of HTSC phase with Tc up to 181K.


Two paddy rices and two upland rices were cultivated both in the paddy-field and in the upland in order to find out the effects of the different cultural environments on the growth and yield of the four varieties. Three plots (standard fertilizer without irrigation, standard fertilizer with irrigation and nitrogen-increased fertilizer with irrigation) were set in the upland and one plot (standard fertilizer with conventional water control) was set in the paddy-field. The weight of brown rice of paddy rices was higher in the paddy-field than in the upland, while that of upland rices was higher in the upland. The heading-date of paddy rices was later about a week in the upland than in the paddy-field. The maturity ratio and the weight of 1, 000 grains of upland were higher and heavier than those of paddy rices in both cultural conditions. The results show that it is very desirable for the culture of paddy rices to be cultivated under the upland condition, on the view point of its yield and quality compared with those of upland rices.


From Introduction: "The Bureau of Mines since its establishment has always taken an active interest in the utilization of lignite and in the development of the lignite deposits of the United States. Extensive lignite fields occur in the west central States, notably in North Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and Texas; there are smaller areas in several other Sates, some of which are widely separated."


For an approximately controllable nonlinear system, the task of finding a control for a given target state is ill-posed. By finding a regularized control of a linear approximately controllable system using Tikhonov regularization, we compute a regularized control for the nonlinear system under the assumption of Lipschitz continuity of the nonlinear function. The theory is substantiated with numerical experiments.


We provide a short and self‐contained proof of the classical result of Kostochka and of Thomason, ensuring that every graph of average degree d $d$ has a complete minor of order Ω ( d ∕ log d ) ${\rm{\Omega }}(d\unicode{x02215}\sqrt{{\rm{log}}d})$ .


PREX1 is a Rac guanine exchange factor that coordinates signaling inputs from G protein-coupled receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). PREX1 creates a positive feedback loop to drive RTK, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, and MEK/ERK signaling. High PREX1 levels predict sensitivity to PI3K inhibitors in breast cancer cells.


The original hamlets of this country were located on waterways. This was prompted by the then only available overseas, coastal, and inland transportation. With few notable exceptions all of our present cities represent their haphazard growth. The exceptions are: Indianapolis, Atlanta, Dallas, Denver and others, where the inception was prompted by available transportation, but rail instead of water.


'view research and evaluation as a slow, at times painfully so, incremental process.' The link with Donald Schon's work in Chapter 4 is particularly relevant to social workers who can begin to understand that reflecting on their practice is part of the work of the evaluating practitioner. I found Chapter 6 particularly inspiring. The link between evaluation and the different stages of social work practice, assessing, planning, intervention and review is well made. The statement on p. 91, 'Evaluating practice can reasonably be viewed as an extended and elaborated form of critical reflection', is particularly helpful given that social workers have been trained over the last 10–15 years about the importance of critical reflection and if evaluation is seen as simply a further stage of this then I think it becomes much more accessible and much more do-able. Chapter 7 has an excellent exploration of the range of evaluative approaches that can be carried out. These are simply presented and the use of bullet points eases the accessibility of this complex area of work. The chapter focused on evaluating outcomes in this book is of particular relevance given the policy climate and I think it is important that evaluation is linked strongly to outcomes and considered in this way. Chapter 9, the concluding chapter, indicates that the book is a mapping exercise rather than a skilled handbook. I would argue that the focus on individual skills detailed throughout the chapters really makes this book very much a skills handbook and it is a welcome addition to the existing literature in the field of evaluation in social work. The author notes that qualified practitioners whom he had spoken to recalled that social work education had indeed dealt with evaluation as a concept but they feel it is difficult to translate into practice. This book certainly aids the practitioner in their strivings to include evaluation in their practice. The final paragraphs focus on communities of practice where social work practitioners have the opportunity to reflect with a group of their peers. I fully support this approach and acknowledge its value in promoting evaluation in social work. In conclusion, this is an extremely accessible book for social work practitioners. It is well written, well presented and very readable. The examples used are real, meaningful and inspiring. This is a welcome addition to the range of literature on evaluating in social work.


We present two cases of severe aortic coarctation detected in adulthood and who underwent successful relief by transcatheter stent deployment using a new covered stent, Optimus stent (AndraTec GmbH Koblenz, Germany). One patient is a 46-year old female with resistant arterial hypertension, in whom coarctation was suspected on a follow-up transthoracic echocardiogram for bicuspid aortic valve disease and subsequently confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging. The second patient is a 68-year old male whose coarctation was diagnosed incidentally at coronary angiography being performed as part of the preoperative work-up for severe aortic stenosis. Suprasternal views to assess aortic arch and flows in the proximal descending aorta should be a standard part of every transthoracic echocardiogram. Treatment of aortic coarctation should be considered irrespective of patient's age. MeSH: Aortic coarctation, aortic aneurysm, bicuspid valve, echocardiogram, endovascular procedure Case 1 A 46-year old woman with resistant hypertension was first diagnosed with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) with fused right and left coronary cusps during a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), and subsequent transoesophageal echocardiogram (TOE), performed for work-up of suspected endocarditis. She had associated mild aortic stenosis and mild/moderate regurgitation. There was effacement of the sinotubular junction and dilatation of aortic root and ascending aorta up to 4.9cm, in keeping with bicuspid aortopathy. No evidence of endocarditis was found. A suprasternal assessment was not performed on this occasion. Clinically, she had an ejection systolic murmur best heard at the right upper sternal border, which radiated to both carotids. Her blood pressure was 170/80mmHg in both arms and there was no appreciable radiofemoral delay. Mean blood pressure on 24-hour ambulatory monitor was 142/68mmHg, despite three antihypertensive agents. The routine follow-up TTE performed a few months after the first scan showed unchanged BAV haemodynamics and aortic dimensions. Suprasternal assessment was performed on this occasion, and, although the views were suboptimal and the peak velocity in the proximal descending aorta was only 1.7m/s, a clear diastolic tail was evident on spectral Doppler and there was non-pulsatile flow in the abdominal aorta raising (Figure 1) the possibility of concomitant aortic coarctation. Conti L, Borg Savona S, Spiteri T, Degiovanni J, Borg A, Caruana M. Aortic coarctation – never too late to diagnose, never too late to treat. Images Paediatr Cardiol 2017;19(3):1-11. 2 Figure 1: TTE Spectral Doppler on flow pattern in the abdominal aorta showing non-pulsatile continuous flow pattern, strongly suggestive of a diagnosis of aortic coarctation. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the aorta confirmed aortic coarctation with a discrete focal stenotic segment with a minimum diameter of 6mm at the aortic isthmus together with dilated collateral vessels arising from the aorta around the coarctation site. Phase contrast flow mapping just distal to the coarctation revealed peak velocities of more than 4m/s. The transverse arch was of normal caliber at 22-24mm (Figure 2). Conti L, Borg Savona S, Spiteri T, Degiovanni J, Borg A, Caruana M. Aortic coarctation – never too late to diagnose, never too late to treat. Images Paediatr Cardiol 2017;19(3):1-11. 3 Figure 2: Cross-sectional image of Aorta on MRThe bicuspid aortic valve could be visualised. This image shows a dilated aortic root (up to 47mm) and ascending aorta (up to 51mm) with a normal calibre aortic arch (22-24mm) and tortuous proximal descending aorta (32mm). The aortic coarctation with a focal stenotic segment with a minimum diameter of 6mm at the aortic isthmus is also visualised. Percutaneous stenting was performed through a right femoral artery approach. A gradient of 30mmHg between ascending and descending aorta was demonstrated under general anaesthetic conditions. A 38mm covered Optimus stent (AndraTec GmbH Koblenz, Germany) was deployed at the coarctation site on an 18mm x 40mm Cristal balloon (BALT) followed by post-dilatation with complete abolition of the gradient across the site (Figure 3). Conti L, Borg Savona S, Spiteri T, Degiovanni J, Borg A, Caruana M. Aortic coarctation – never too late to diagnose, never too late to treat. Images Paediatr Cardiol 2017;19(3):1-11. 4 Figure 3: Fluoroscopy still image at the end of transcatheter coarctation stenting for patient 1 showing the deployed 38mm covered Optimus stent (AndraTec GmbH Koblenz, Germany)


The French water treatment and waste management company Suez has agreed to buy GE Water & Process Technologies for $3.4 billion. Suez will combine GE Water with its own smaller business to create the world's third-largest industrial water treatment firm, behind Ecolab and Xylem. GE Water had sales of $2.1 billion in 2016. Two-thirds of its sales are in services such as chemicals for wastewater and boiler water treatment. The balance comes from systems including water treatment equipment and separation membranes. Suez CEO Jean-Louis Chaussade says the acquisition will make Suez the only company that can service the entire industrial water treatment supply chain. It will have businesses in instrumentation, equipment, engineering and construction, chemical water treatment, and digital monitoring and analytics. Suez estimates that the deal will generate $70 million in synergies and $200 million in additional sales from cross selling. GE got most of its water treatment business


Embryogenic callus of sweetpotato ( Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) disassociates in liquid medium to form a heterogeneous population of embryogenic and nonembry- ogenic cell aggregates of varying sizes. To improve embryo production, such cell ag- gregate populations were obtained by manually fragmenting calli 5 to 10 mm in size into liquid medium. The resulting suspensions were analyzed and the embryogenic fraction identified. The percentage of embryogenic aggregates and the percentage of aggregates forming embryos decreased with decreasing aggregate size. Thus, 76% of the 710- to 1000-µm-diame ter aggregates but only 14% of the 180- to 250-µm aggre- gates had embryogenic potential. However, only 20% of the 710- to 1000-µm aggregates and only 2% of the 180- to 250-µm aggregates actually formed embryos. Conversely, embryogenic callus and embryo production per milligram of cultured embryogenic callus increased quadratically with decreasing aggregate size. Individual torpedo-stage embryos were produced from cell aggregates 180 to 250 µm in size. Sweetpotato, a major food crop and po- tential biomass crop, is conventionall y prop- agated using stem cuttings. This propagation method is costly since intensive labor and large nurseries and storage facilities are re- quired. The lack of resistance to virus dis- eases further complicates the maintenance and multiplication of virus-free stocks. Mass production of disease-free plant material can be expected using tissue culture. The pro- duction of synthetic seed, through somatic embryogenesis, and direct seeding would re- duce the production cost of this vegetatively propagated crop. The application of somatic embryogenesis to synthetic seed production will require many


Objectives: To examine the healthy status and approaches of resorting to medical help among the residents, so as to provideevidence for the development strategies of community-based medical service. Methods:860 residents in 13 communities were surveyedwith questionnaires. Results:84.8% of the residents have, or once had medical problems. Those who suffered mildly severe, severe, orchronic disorders went to city hospitals more than community medial stations or district hospitals. 52.3% of the families spent more then 10%of family income on medicine, and medical expense influenced unfavorably the lives of 48.5% families. Conclusions: community-basedmedical service will be increasingly needed by the residents. Qualified medical staff, as well as improved policies, financial regulations, andlaw mechanisms is key for the sustainable development of community-based medical service.


While global illumination is a crucial issue for most computer graphics applications fostering photo realistic rendering, fast and efficient implementations remain challenging for real-time applications. One approach to approximate indirect illumination is to distribute virtual point lights (VPL) at surfaces that emit indirect light. This distribution may be realized using reflective shadow maps (RSM). One major drawback of this approach is that each surface point has to be illuminated by thousands of VPLs, leading to a performance bottleneck in the shading step. Therefore several approaches trying to reduce the shading costs either by decreasing the number of VPLs or by lowering the surface points to be shaded exist.
 In our approach we propose a novel indirect shading approximation allowing us to reduce the number of surface points to be shaded to a minimum, still achieving a high image quality. Even complex and animated models can thus be represented by a few dozens of surface points for shading. Furthermore our approach allows graphic artists to intuitively tune the shading by adding or changing surface points without any pre-computations. The approach is very efficient and is completely implemented on the GPU not requiring any high shader profiles. This will even enable almost photo realistic rendering on upcoming handheld devices.


Abstract Questions concerning the origin of parthenogenesis in Caucasian Rock Lizards and genetic divergence among bisexual lizards of the Lacerta raddei complex were examined using sequences from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. The maternal parent of the parthenogenetic L. uzzelli, L. sapphirina, and L. bendimahiensis was confirmed to be L. raddei. Although substantial variation was revealed among bisexual populations of L. raddei and L. nairensis, very low or no variation was found among the parthenogenetic species. A phylogenetic tree including 11 populations of L. raddei and L. nairensis, as well as 10 populations of its five daughter parthenogens, was constructed. Because of paraphyletic relationships, L. nairensis is considered conspecific with L. raddei. Evaluation of the parthenogenetic species suggests that separate hybridization events between L. raddei and L. valentini might have occurred at least twice. One resulted in L. sapphirina and L. bendimahiensis, and the other one (or more) resulted in L. unisexualis and L. uzzelli. The females involved were distantly related, Lacerta unisexualis and L. uzzelli likely had separate origins, but the females involved were closely related.


Studies have so far provided little understanding of mechanisms underlying observed associations between marital discord and child behaviour problems. I argue that recent findings pointing beyond the parent-child dyad should lead us not only to look at other `parts' of the family, but also to develop conceptual and methodological approaches that depart from those that have so far guided studies of dyadic relationships. I present an overview of a programme of research that investigates marital discord-behaviour problem relationships in terms of the family therapy concept of triangulation. The goals of the article are to describe one response to one issue in the `beyond the dyad' area (the issue of mechanisms) and to provide general guidelines for developing family level research strategies to investigate other issues in this area.


Bacterial isolates from soy extended ground beef were used to test the effect of pH on their growth in trypticase soy broth (TSB), ground beef, and ground beef + 20% textured soy protein (TSP). Growth was measured in TSB acidified with hydrochloric, citric, lactic, or acetic acids at pH levels from 5.4–6.2. After incubation at 4°C for 7 days, acetic acid was determined to inhibit growth to the greatest extent with no growth at or below pH 5.8. Growth response was studied in meat blends at pH levels of 5.4, 5.7, 6.0, and 6.3. Growth was suppressed in ground beef initially at pH 5.4 and in ground beef + 20% TSP initially at pH 5.4 and 5.7. This resulted in an increased shelf life of 2 days in acidified blends.


Well, the 58 lecturers and participants from 18 countries at the Institute, organized under the direction of Dr. Tuncer dren of the University of Ottawa's Computer Science Department, are certainly doing their best to remedy that. In fact, the degree of mathematical abstraction (which seems necessary to develop theory) was so advanced that this writer found it difficult at times to relate it to reality.


Cognitive Deficits in Serious Coronary Heart Disease – The Part of Neuropsychological Diagnostics in Cardiological Rehabilitation. Cognitive deficits caused by cardiac diseases can disturb activities of daily living-functions, quality of life and compliance followed by a decrease of efficiency of invested ressources in health care. Their prevalence ranges from 30 % to 90 %, concerning primarily attentional and psychomotoric functions, memory and executive abilities. The aims of this article are to document the main purposes of neuropsychological diagnostics regarding prevalence, characteristics and time course of cognitive deficits in specific cardiac disease groups and possible pathogenetic variables causing cerebral and cognitive disturbancies. A concept of neuropsychological diagnostics regarding the criteria of measuring and interpreting data is proposed, which can assist decisions in cardiac therapy, communication behaviour of rehabilitation staff and structure of cognitive training. J Kardiol 2004; 11: 469–73. Tabelle 1: Gegenstandsbereich der klinischen Neuropsychologie


Satellite ocean color products derived from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-20, and the Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) on the Sentinel-3A (S3A) and Sentinel-3B (S3B) have been widely used for surveillance of the ocean environment and research on ocean physical, biological, biogeochemical, and ecological processes. However, either VIIRS or OLCI daily ocean color images are often incomplete in spatial coverage due to cloud cover, contamination of high sun glint, narrow swath width, high sensor-zenith angle, high solar-zenith angle, and/or other unfavorable retrieval conditions. Although merging daily ocean color images from multiple satellite sensors can help reduce the number of invalid pixels, gap-filling methods, such as the data interpolating empirical orthogonal function (DINEOF), are often used to reconstruct invalid pixels and generate gap-free images. The 9-km spatial resolution global gap-free ocean color data have been routinely produced by the NOAA Ocean Color Science Team and distributed through NOAA CoastWatch (https://coastwatch.noaa.gov/cw/index.html). In this study, we aim to develop and produce improved spatial resolution gap-free products, including chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration, diffuse attenuation coefficient at the wavelength of 490 nm [ $K_{d}$ (490)], and suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration for spatial resolutions of 0.5-, 1-, and 2-km. Two-sensor (VIIRS-SNPP and VIIRS-NOAA-20), three-sensor (two-sensor + OLCI-S3A), and four-sensor (three-sensor + OLCI-S3B) daily merged global Level-3 ocean color data are created and compared. It is found that, by merging data from the two VIIRS sensors, ~38% more valid ocean product data are retrieved compared with a single sensor from either SNPP or NOAA-20. Adding OLCI-S3A to the two-sensor merged data can increase the number of valid pixels by ~12%, and adding OLCI-S3B to the three-sensor merged data can further increase the number of valid pixels by ~8%. The DINEOF method is applied to daily two-, three-, and four-sensor merged data to generate global 2-km resolution gap-free images. Results show that 2-km resolution gap-free images are able to resolve fine ocean features, such as coastal eddies and filaments, which are not available in the 9-km resolution images. While adding OLCI-S3A data significantly improves the three-sensor-derived gap-free images over the two-sensor images, no significant enhancement is found in the four-sensor-derived gap-free images by adding OLCI-S3B data. The DINEOF method is also applied to 1- and 0.5-km resolution four-sensor merged Chl-a, $K_{d}$ (490), and SPM images in the Gulf of Mexico and U.S. West Coast region. It is found that both 0.5- and 1-km resolution images show more detailed ocean structures and features in coastal regions.


The integration of photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSSs) into pulsed power systems may have improvements over conventional switching, but failure modes occurring near the illuminated edge of PCSS devices between switching operations present a serious limiting factor. While these failure modes have previously been difficult to characterize, this paper proposes a theory for a potential contributing source of failure supported by observations derived from the results of an FDTD simulation on an optically excited semiconductor switch. A computational analysis combining both solid-state and electromagnetic physical models reveals what appears to be an unintentional waveguide-like behavior in the optically excited plasma-filled PCSS device in strong agreement with the documented observations in the experiment. The net effect of nonuniform charge carrier generation as a result of waveguide-like mode formation is theoretically assessed, and the additional areas of investigation into this pivotal problem area in the PCSS design are suggested.


With changing production and fast automatic processing of missiles in modern ordance enterprises,based on Visual C++6.0 and Pro/Toolkit,missiles NC parameters management system is developed to realize handbook management through the Pro/E processing method of numerical control cutting,milling,drilling,boring and so on.


This article grows directly from a collaborative project on the pedagogies of women's studies at the College of Ripon and York, and the University of York, and from the presentation given at the Gender and Education conference at the University of Warwick in April 1999. It is presented as a dialogue which polarises two voices considering a variety of positions adopted by tutors of women's studies in relation to their students, and, in particular, the ways in which the personhood of the tutor is implicit - or implicated - in the praxis of feminist teaching. Rather than moving to any synthesis or resolution of the apparently binary positions voiced, the article goes on to question the notion that the personal is always necessarily good and beneficial within feminist pedagogy, and to posit the liberatory potential of the impersonal for our teaching and our feminism.


The authors had begun a class respectively in the theme in " the obstacle child child care and the education " and " the music expression about the child education " in the curriculum in the child care man training-up junior college. of the activity of the hosting of the concert to do leisure activity with the children who have an obstacle once to the moon about " the obstacle child child care and the education " under planning management of the student and to be music artistic activities about " the music expression about the child education " and the music


Cordierite sintered body of the present invention provides an X-ray diffraction diagram, to the peak top intensities of (110) plane of cordierite, the ratio of the sum of intensities of the maximum peaks of the respective components other than the cordierite component, 0.0025 it is the following. The cordierite sintered body, since very few secondary phase other than the cordierite component, surface flatness is high when polishing the surface mirror-finished.


S PUBLIC responsibilities expand in modern society (with the consequent growth of governmental discharge of social functions) we find a geometrically ascending curve of congestive, bureaucratic complexities for which seekers of administrative efficiency must find relief. Nowhere is this general problem more evident than in the French Commissariats des Pissoirs. Established by administrative order in 1931, this system of elimination stations has evolved toward a crucial role in the operation of public offices and in the servicing of governmental installations such as monuments, zoos, and the like. Beyond the needs of bureaucratic rationality, however, we may note that a study of the Commissariats offers opportunities to conduct research with regard to major questions of great relevance to the field of personnel administration in a centralized political environment: e.g., the quality of personnel (education, socioeconomic status etc.), recruitment patterns and procedures, and career patterns (prior employment, promotions). The study reported here involved the distribution of a survey questionnaire and the conduct of field research from January to September 1967. The field research predetermined the conceptual underpinning of the questionnaire. Donning the clientele clothing and orientation, the authors spent several months visiting a variety of installations under the authority of the Commissariats to observe the operations, avail themselves of the services, and conduct relatively unstructured interviews with personnel. This initial research led to the preparation of a questionnaire distributed by mail to a randomly selected sample of one third of all operative personnel within the lavatory system. As a follow-up of the questionnaire, and to investigate certain policy questions of interest for personnel students, the authors then conducted several dozen personal interviews with a small number of highly receptive operatives and with supervisory administrative employees.


QLC flash-based SSDs are gaining increasing attention and are expected to be widely used in read-intensive application scenarios, since they provide high density and low cost but suffer from poor write endurance and performance. QLC flash has four types of pages, between which read latency variation is as large as 1.6 to 4.8 times. This raises a critical concern for QLC SSDs to provide adequate and stable read performance. Notice that the SSD-internal cache (built with DRAM or non-volatile RAM) has long been utilized to improve write performance and lifetime. In this paper, we argue that the cache also plays an important role in read performance optimization of QLC SSDs. We design a novel flash page type aware read cache scheme, called PACA. It exploits read latency variation of QLC pages to prioritize caching data stored in high-latency QLC pages in a workload-adaptive manner. We verified PACA in FEMU, a popular SSD emulator. Experimental results show that PACA can reduce the average SSD read latency by up to 44.5%, compared with a baseline read cache scheme being unaware of flash page types.


While the like damage to other members in a liquid crystal display according to an impact to a minimum, the optical element is capable of improving the light diffusion effect, as well as a backlight unit and a liquid crystal display including the same. Optical element, optically transparent member, and a light-diffusing resin layer formed on one surface of the base member. Light-diffusing resin layer includes a recess plurality of concave formed on the surface thereof to diffuse the light. The optical element further includes an optical microstructures layer formed on the opposite surface of the base member. The second light diffusing resin layer includes a recess plurality of concave formed on the surface thereof to diffuse the light.


Mendelson's book gives us more that is fresh. It is filled with interesting observations about Babel"s language and its effects, which will now have to be incorporated into the best readings of his stories. She gives her own complete interpretation of two stories from the Odessa cycle, "The Father" and "Justice in Parenthesis" (which Babel' chose not to republish). She summarizes contemporary material bearing upon the nature of metaphor, which is useful for those interested in theoretical questions. Though she draws upon stories from Red Cavalry for examples and devotes a brief chapter to their use of metaphor, most of her attention is focused on the development of Babel"s style in his early work through the Odessa stories. Both scholars use other critical works on Babel' opportunistically and misleadingly to define their own positions. Mendelson takes issue with Falen's statement that "none of the heroes, whether strong or weak, bandit or bourgeois, is psychologically real," asserting that "the emotional, psychological conflicts and desires of Babelian characters are real enough." Falen's point, however, is that Babel' does not present his characters as representative figures undergoing complex psychological conflicts and capable of change — the essential characteristic of psychological literature. No one would question that all fiction makes some gesture toward suggesting that its characters have feelings. Because of the cyclic form of Red Cavalry, the characters, with the exception of the narrator, lack verisimilitude in the dimension of time. Indeed, Mendelson seems not to be alert to the importance of the cycle as genre and misrepresents my own position: "Patricia Carden argues against regarding Red Cavalry as a book." On the contrary, I have argued that Red Cavalry is a book in a different form, not a novel but a cycle, and hence subject to the restrictions of the cycle as a genre — among them a weakening in the temporal links among the individual episodes. Mendelson also exaggerates the closure provided to the cycle by "Syn Rabbi," in view of the fact that Babel' later felt free to add another story, "Argamak," which ends the book on quite a different note. Luplow's argument that a number of critics have called Babel' 's Cossacks heroes — a position she wants to take issue with — overlooks that some of those critics, myself included, were actually raising questions about the meaning of the word "hero" in Babel' 's problematic context. Since neither of the books has an index, it is difficult to refer back to an author's comments on individual works.


According to the teaching demand of electronic technology courses and the present situation of practice teaching,this article proposed a new practice teaching pattern of ensuring and emphasizing the three basic points.It carried out comprehensive reform to the teaching content,teaching methods,teaching means and assessing methods of electronic technology practice courses by offering the centralized practice teaching courses of electronic technology comprehensive application to enhance students ' practice ability and comprehensive applied ability,which develops students' practice ability and innovativeness and effectively improves the teaching quality of electronic technology practice courses.


THIS PAPER is concerned with an investigation of the innate mechanism of animals against cancer and an attempt to bring together the many theories regarding the causes of this disease. It has been clearly demonstrated that the guinea pig normally possesses in its serum a powerful tumor inhibitory principle (TIP) against a variety of transplantable tumors.1. 5. 6In attempting to isolate TIP we determined that it is not contained in erythrocytes or their products, that it is not a lipopolysaccharide, complement, or properdin, and that it is not extractable with dimethylformamide, acetone, or ether.5Contrarily, we demonstrated that it is heat stable, that it is extractable with methanol, that it can be separated off by ammonium sulfate fractionation, and that it is associated with the globulin fraction of the serum. Examining physiologic saline extracts and ammonium sulfate fractions of such extracts of guinea pig muscle, lung, spleen,


A survey of radiopharmaceutical production in hospitals in the United Kingdom in mid‐1978 has been carried out by means of a questionnaire. Information on facilities, staff, procedures and work loads is reported.


After surveying a number of interesting recent experiments designed to discover which acoustic stimuli are most important in sex-attribution by listener (chapter 4), Smith proceeds to a wider discussion of the methods of measurements of femininity and masculinity, and to his own experiments conducted in Bristol, pointing out especially the inadequacy of any approach which is based mainly on an assumption of an implicit bipolarity (p. 95). The experiments are described in Chapters 5 and 6. The results of the preliminary experiment with 200 volunteers were cross-tabulated to yield lists of socially desirable and undesirable sex-stereotypical items (p. 107). These lists then served as the basis for the two experiments that followed. Eight stimulus persons were selected from the first group so as to represent (according to their own-self image) an Androgynous, Masculine, Feminine, and Undifferentiated type for each sex. Their taped reading of the same passage was subsequently judged by two groups of newly selected subjects whose task in both experiments was to rate these eight speakers on scales of femininity and masculinity. Results of Experiment 1 and 2 lead Smith to express a guarded optimism regarding a reliable correlation between speakers' self-description and listeners' attribution of femininity and masculinity. He also feels that these experiments indicate clearly that


The present study aims to identifying seed borne fungi associated with different legumes plants. The seeds of Macrotyloma uniflorum, Vigna radiata, Vigna mungo, Vigna unguiculata, Arachis hypogea, Phaseolus vulgaris, Cicer arietinum, and Glycine max were collected from local market of Hudco, Bhilai. Treated and untreated seeds were used for the screening of seed borne fungi using agar plate method. The untreated seeds were found to be associated with highest number of fungi, while treated seed shows least number of fungi. The fungi isolated from these seeds were Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, Alternaria alternata, Rhizopus sp.1, Rhizopus sp.2, Penicillium sp., Mucor sp., Fusarim sp., Macrophomina sp. and Curvularia sp.


This study determined the effect of a 7% concentration of table salt on IL-10 cytokine levels and wound recovering of female Wistar rats induced by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. It was a True Experiment Study with pre and post-test designs. There were 24 female Wistar rats, divided into 4 groups, and each group consisted of 6 rats. Those experimental animals soaked for 7 minutes and 15 minutes in the 7% table salt immersion (intervention group) and DTT immersion (control group). The study was carried out in April 2021. Examination of IL-10 cytokine levels was using the Elisa Rat R & D system method. Data collected by observation sheets and analyzed by the Kruskal Wallis and Shapiro Wilk test. The study showed the differences in IL-10 cytokine levels before and after treatment; the pretest value = 0.024 and post-test value = 0.018 (α <0.05), which means a significant difference in IL-10 cytokine levels. The increase in IL-10 cytokine levels was more significant in the intervention group with an immersion of 7 minutes (mean 75.85 pg/ml) than the control group with 7 minutes (mean 73.98 pg/ml). This study revealed that 7% table salt immersion for 7 minutes effectively accelerate increasing levels of IL-10 cytokines compared to other groups.


Using a laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICPMS), U-Pb age and rare earth element (REE) abundances have been determined simultaneously from a single 20 μm ablation pit of zircon. The laser ablation system utilizing 193 nm wave-length ArF excimer laser produces stable and reproducible signal intensities resulted in good precisions on measurements of element concentrations and isotopic ratios. Because of the higher energy density of the deep ultra-violet laser beam, ablation fractionation between Pb and U were reduced even with the prolonged ablation, and thus accuracy of Pb-U age was improved significantly. A chicane-type ion lens system was applied to a quadrupole-based ICPMS instrument. With the chicane ion lens, higher elemental sensitivity (4 times for light mass range and 3 times for mid to heavy mass range) and lower white background (<5 cps for light to mid mass range and <2 cps for heavy mass range) were achieved. This further improved analytical precisions for low concentration elements in samples. The 238U-206Pb ages for Nancy standard zircon (Nancy 91500), SHRIMP calibration standard zircon (SL13) and Antarctic zircon (PMA7) obtained in this study were 1064 ± 24 Ma, 569 ± 78 Ma and 2438 ± 101 Ma (2-sigma), respectively. Relative age differences from previous reports were 0.2%, 0.4% and 3.2% respectively, demonstrative of high reliability of the method. The REE abundances in zircon samples were calibrated using a NIST 610 glass standard reference material. The resulting REE abundance data for zircons (Nancy 91500 and SL13) show good agreement with those for literature values within the analytical precision of ∼20%. The matrix effect that may occur between the synthetic glass standard and zircon crystals is obviously smaller than the precision and thus negligible for this precision levels. The data presented here demonstrate clearly that the combination of ArF excimer laser and ICPMS equipped with the chicane ion lens has a potential to become a significant tool for zircon geochemistry.


Based on the Technology/Society Interactionism, reviewing education technology and technology after their interaction from their history, so we know what they have changed respectively and forecast what they will change with what way.


The online inspection method using magnetic flux leakage ILI - MFL (In-line Inspection by Magnetic Flux Leakage) is commonly used by the operating companies to determine the location and extent of material losses in the systems transport pipelines carrying hydrocarbons. Knowing the accuracy and reliability of the measurements made by the ILI – MFL tool is important to develop a successful maintenance management for optimizing rehabilitation interventions of any anomalies on the pipeline, setting the frequency of inspections and identify risks associated with pipeline condition. Qualification the measurements made by the ILI tool - MFL required to perform the verification of the measurements, it is proposed to do excavations in order to measurement by direct inspection of the possible anomaly reported by the ILI tool - MFL. In 2004 began operations Natural gas (NG) and Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) from the Camisea's fields, today is the main energy source in Peru, aware of this, once verification of the measurements it will make classification and distribution of any anomalies examined by direct inspection and comparison with measurements made by the ILI-MFL, in this way is to determine the quality of the measurements and develop a maintenance plan for the future. A section of a hundred five kilometers of NGL pipeline was taken as a reference, considering its impact on the safety of persons, environment and property in case of failure.


A case of generator voltage change of the maximum power point is greater for the power change, can not follow the high speed to the maximum power point. A power point according to the output level of the generator 2 so as to follow the maximum power point, the maximum power follow-up control for setting a DC operating voltage of the power converter 11 for converting the output power of the generator into AC power a power conditioner 10 provided with a section 12, the approximate function memory 25 for storing the approximate function related to a maximum power point, a follow-up control unit 34 to reach the present power point near the maximum power point on the basis of the approximate function have the present power point has reached proximate of the maximum power point, the hill-climbing method follow-up control unit 35 using the hill-climbing method to reach the present power point to the maximum power point. .The