Therapist adherence has been shown to contribute to the effectiveness of treatment interventions. The role in a patient's decision to drop out of treatment, however, is unknown. This study investigates whether therapist adherence affects clinical outcome and the risk for dropout. Patients diagnosed with panic disorder with agoraphobia (N = 265) were treated in one of two CBT variations: with (T+) and without (T-) explicit therapist-guided exposure. Significant associations between lower levels of adherence and symptomatic improvement were observed in treatment completers in the T- condition and dropouts in T+ condition suggesting that adherence-outcome relations are potentially contributed by patient and treatment characteristics. Moreover, our results propose that patient related difficulties with exposure procedures may lead to lower adherence and dropout.


Differences and complementarities between altimeter and hydrographic data are studied to describe the sea level and ocean circulation variations in terms of steric and non‐steric contributions. Altimeter sea level anomalies (SLA) and hydrographic dynamic height anomalies (DHA) agree remarkably well. They also reveal, however, systematic large‐scale differences in several areas of the Pacific and Indian oceans that are related to a barotropic, Sverdrup‐like, response of the ocean to wind forcing. In addition, the use of the two data sets provides a good estimation of the partition between barotropic and baroclinic modes needed for data synthesis or assimilation studies.


Because of the large amount of nectar flow observed from the tuliptree (Lirodendron tulipifera) , an experiment was undertaken to determine the quantity of nectar secreted per blossom and the sugar content of this nectar. The average weight of nectar secreted by one flower was 1.6417 grams. The average sugar content of nectar from freshly opened blossoms was 16.7 per cent. After the flower was open the concentration of the nectar increased until on the second day it reached 35.9 per cent". The tree under observation was calculated to yield sufficient nectar to produce 2.16 pounds of honey.


Recent work focusing on the importance of neuroscience as it
relates to educational principles has brought into light
significant organizational and systems-based problems that
impact the application of these prinicples among high school
and college age students. These challenges, coupled with the
ever increasing time demands and financial needs of health care
providers in the United States has created an environment
where schools are not adequately equipped to address mental
health concerns and providers are limited in the time and
resources available to treat in the office. Subsequently, ever
increasing numbers of school aged children are being
prescribed medications to treat symptoms that may be an
artifact of the structure of the school day and the structure of
the health care systems in the United States.
This poster presentation seeks to present the argument of the
need to address the aforementioned concerns, especially in light
of the ever increasing mental health difficulties facing high
school and college age children in the United States. It will also
compare and contrast the systems in place in Canada and the
United States to demonstrate strengths and weaknesses.
Emphasis will be placed on diagnoses of ADHD, Anxiety, and
Depression among high school and college aged students. This
presentation will attempt to assimilite work from the Fulbright
experience and subsequent related clinical experiences.


Deep 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (3D-CNN) are traditionally used for object recognition, video data analytics and human gesture recognition. In this paper, we present a novel application of 3D-CNNs in understanding difficultto-manufacture features from computer-aided design (CAD) models to develop a decision support tool for cyber-enabled manufacturing. Traditionally, design for manufacturability (DFM) rules are hand-crafted and used to accelerate the engineering product design cycle by integrating manufacturability analysis during the design stage. Such a practice relies on the experience and training of the designer to create a complex component that is manufacturable. However, even after careful design, the inclusion of certain features might cause the part to be non-manufacturable. In this paper, we develop a framework using Deep 3D-CNNs to learn salient features from a CAD model of a mechanical part and determine if the part can be manufactured or not. CAD models of different manufacturable and nonmanufacturable parts are generated using a solid modeling kernel and then converted into 3D voxel data using a fast GPU-accelerated voxelization algorithm. The voxel data is used to train a 3D-CNN model for manufacturability classification. Feature space and filter visualization is also performed to understand the learning capability in the context of manufacturability features. We demonstrate that the proposed 3D-CNN based DFM framework is able to learn the DFM rules for non-manufacturable features without a human prior. The framework can be extended to identify a large variety of difficult-to-manufacture features at multiple spatial scales leading to a real-time decision support system for DFM.


In rats, cotreatment with nontoxic doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and ranitidine (RAN) causes liver injury. Previous studies showed that RAN augmented serum TNF production and neutrophil (PMN) activation after LPS treatment, and both TNF and neutrophils are crucial for the liver pathogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that TNF converting enzyme (TACE) is necessary for augmentation by RAN of TNF production, PMN activation and subsequent liver injury. LPS/RAN cotreatment elevated serum TNF; production as compared to LPS/Veh treatment, whereas it had no effects on hepatic TNF mRNA level. This suggests that RAN augmented TNF production by a post‐transcriptional mode. Indeed, LPS/RAN treatment increased hepatic TACE activation compared to LPS/Veh treatment. A TACE inhibitor, BMS‐561392, administered just before RAN reduced serum TNF protein. The inhibitor also reduced liver injury caused by LPS/RAN cotreatment. Interestingly, the TACE inhibitor also reduced plasma active PAI‐1, which has been shown to be causally involved in the pathogenesis of LPS/RAN‐induced liver injury. In fact, a PAI‐1 inhibitor, WAY‐140312, reduced hepatocellular injury and hepatic PMN activation. In summary, RAN enhanced TNF production after LPS treatment through TACE activation, which in turns led to PAI‐1 production, PMN activation and subsequent liver injury. (Supported by NIH grant DK061315.)


The dothideomycete genera Bipolaris and Curvularia are important pathogens of grasses (Poaceae) and can associate with host tissues without disease symptoms. Species of both genera are responsible for leaf spot epidemics that commonly occur on turfgrass throughout the United States transition zone and southern regions. Recent species typifications with DNA sequences have made a broad examination of Bipolaris and Curvularia species obtained from turfgrass possible. Isolates for analysis were obtained from culture collections or isolated from symptomatic turfgrass samples. Phylogenies based on ITS, GPD , and TEF gene sequences were constructed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses and used to determine intraspecific and intrageneric relationships among Bipolaris and Curvularia species isolated from turfgrasses. Similar to previous studies, Bipolaris and Curvularia species formed separate, well-supported clades. Morphological identifications of genera and species based on published host-based keys often disagreed with molecular groupings. For example, C. hawaiiensis ( = B. hawaiiensis ) could not be differentiated from B. cynodontis


The invention belonging to the wood manufacture industry relates to a preparation method of a bamboo-wood composite floor, in particular to a preparation method of a bamboo-wood composite floor with a wood layer stuck to the surface. The bamboo-wood composite floor is a bamboo splint board which has high surface rigidity and comfortable sensation in the feet and is not easy to be bended and deformed; moreover, the bamboo splint board has a two-layer overall structure or a three-layer overall structure; the surface layer of the two-layer overall structure comprises wood veneers, while a billet layer comprises bamboo splint boards which are crossly laid down; the surface layer and the bottom layer of the three-layer overall structure comprise wood veneers, while the billet boards of the middle layer comprise bamboo splint boards which are crossly laid down. The preparation method has the advantages that: due to adopting the technical proposal, the method can make full use of wood and bamboo resource, thereby reducing the consumption of forest resources and production cost.


Some experiences in the design of the immersed tunnel from Luntou to Shengwu island are discussed in this paper. And some problems in the design of immersed tunnel are discussed, which can be reference of other designers.


Experiments were carried out to examjne whether the ballooning efhatched larvae was efi'ected by larval phototropisrn and velocity of ajr. The orifice of the case was directed downwards and lit from beneath by an electric torch in a dark roorn. Many hatched larvae of the bagworm morh, Eumeta minuscula Butler, crawled down into the orifice of the case and dispersed on spinning cobwebs. The velocity of air had no eifect on dispersal rates.


This article evaluates the effect of tax and expenditure limitations (TELs) on municipal general own-source revenue in the United States. Using an instrumental variable approach, this study addresses the endogeneity problem of TELs that has been largely overlooked in previous research. Data are collected on 724 US cities with populations of at least 25,000 from 1970 to 2006. Results indicate that when the endogeneity of TELs is taken into account, TELs lead to considerable reductions in property taxes but substantial increases in sales taxes, income taxes, and user charges per capita. The increases in the latter forms of revenue not only offset the loss in property taxes but also generate a supplemental revenue effect, resulting in a net gain of total municipal general own-source revenue per capita. The study provides important policy implications and suggests that TELs may have unintended consequences and lead to bigger government.


PURPOSE: A method for preparing a blue emitting ZnO thin film fluorescent substance is provided, to prepare a ZnO thin film by simple heating throughout no alloy by the addition of aluminum. CONSTITUTION: The method comprises the steps of heating a dopant-added ZnO thin film-deposited substrate rapidly under a gas condition in a heat treatment reactor. Preferably the substrate is made of silicon or sapphire single crystal; the gas is hydrogen; and the dopant is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, indium, gallium and their mixtures. The heating is carried out by increasing the temperature inside the reactor by 1-100 deg.C per second, and the temperature inside the reactor is maintained to be 600-1,000 deg.C for 3 sec to 20 min after heating. The ZnO thin film is formed by RF magnetron sputtering.


In this paper we purpose a Petri-net-based method for describing the model of an object-oriented design of Access Control System (ACS), by specifying the object interaction scenarios as Petri nets with an Augmented Marked Petri Net (AMPN) structure. After synthesizing these scenarios into an integrated net, we analyze the system based on the special properties of AMPN. For unique representation of events and conditions in an object-oriented ACS, an improved algorithm is applied to the integrated labelled Petri net of ACS to eliminate duplicate condition labels and event labels, with preserving the event firing sequences. Object-based behavioural specifications of ACS are then obtained as projections of the integrated labelled Petri nets onto the objects. For the illustration we present the model of Office access control system in any academic or industry.


The aim of this paper is to present the semantic history of the verb zrodzić (się) in the Polish language against other names describing the act of giving birth or being born, most of which have a common root, e.g. rodzić (się), porodzić (się), narodzić (się), urodzić (się). It turns out that despite the fact that nowadays the discussed word is not a synonymous equivalent of either rodzić (się) or urodzić (się), it can still be found in the living speech in this meaning (e.g. zradzaćpotomstwo (to give birth to off spring)). Lexicographic sources document the characterised verb in one content only, cf. zrodzić 'to originate something; to cause, create, induce', zrodzić się 'to be originated, to result, to arise from something; to come into being' (e.g. konflikt, pomysł zrodził się(a conflict, idea was born); idea, inicjatywa zrodziła się (an idea, initiative was born)). The archaic content of the title verb fossilised in texts of prayers and in phraseology.
Keywords: history of the Polish language – semantics – lexis – phraseology – dictionary.


The oeuvre of Sunčanica Tuk consists of pulsating, restless factures, composed of vertical, always different moves systematized in sequences, with paint often oozing from them owing to their nervation and pulsation. Her opus is a truly subtle and cultivated self-analysis, a sublime psychogram, something that transforms the artist's mental state into an immediate human trace, suitable, as the painter says, "for the deepest contemplative dive" into the secrets of her undoubtedly spiritually rich being, for expressing her complex psychic constellation and mental tensions, neuralgia, even drama – which the artist, as it seems, keeps experiencing over and over again. It is a soliloquy rather than a dialogue with the world: an encrypted and masked language of ambiguity and vagueness, a speech in hints that will not be understood by everyone, yet shocks and inspires the observer.


During the period 1979 to 1986, the U.S. Maritime Administration was the lead agency for a multiyear, multi-organisation, Arctic Marine Transportation Research Program. The primary objectives of the program were: (1) to define the environmental conditions along potential arctic marine routes, (2) to improve icebreaking ship design criteria, and (3) to assess the feasibility of commercial marine operations in ice covered waters. These objectives were met as a result of the 15 ship deployments aboard the U.S. Coast Guard POLAR Class icebreakers in the Arctic and Antarctic. The important environmental and technical achievements of the Program are summarised, many in the form of guidelines that may be used by future designers. The environmental and design guidelines represent a condensation of a significant quantity of data.


Linear Radon-Nikodym theorems for states on a von Neumann algebra are obtained in the context of a one parameter family of positive cones. Especially, necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of linear Radon-Nikodym derivatives are investigated. In the natural cone case we consider Jordan Banach algebras.


The present invention relates to a detachable battery rack system for an electric skid steer loader, and more particularly, to an advanced concept technology of simply mounting or removing a plurality of battery packs from a detachable battery rack system one by one, thereby using the battery packs as a power source of an electric skid steer loader and providing an eco-friendly detachable battery rack system. A conventional lead battery used in an electric skid steer loader needs to be replaced overall when a discharge or a failure occurs, and most lithium-ion battery packs are normally developed as respective battery packs and mounted in a case. Thus, when repair is required or a problem occurs, the entire battery system is removed, and the case needs to be dismantled. As a result, much time and cost for replacement and repair are required. The present invention provides a technique of pushing pluralities of battery packs in the battery rack system along support rails provided in multistage to mount the battery packs and connecting, in parallel, the battery packs to a bus bar device in a rear part of the inside of the battery rack system to operate one battery pack system, to solve the problem.


Background: Clonal evolution in AML originates long before diagnosis and is a highly dynamic process. Having a greater understanding of leukemogenesis may contribute to develop treatment strategies that target the tumor evolutionary process. However, dissecting leukemic transformation at the onset of AML is challenging without single-cell sequencing, and most clinical laboratories do not have infrastructure to perform these studies routinely.
 Patients with newly diagnosed AML may present dysplasia. If these residual, mature, dysplastic cells were generated before the differentiation blockage of blasts preceding leukemic transformation, it could be hypothesized that studying the genetic landscape of dysplastic cells and blasts could uncover the evolutionary process from dysplasia to AML. This hypothesis has never been investigated.
 Aim: Reconstruct clonal evolution from dysplasia to AML based on the genetic signature of dysplastic cells and leukemic blasts, analyzed using integrated MFC immunophenotyping and sorting with NGS.
 Methods: Presence of dysplasia according to aberrant phenotypic differentiation of the neutrophil, monocytic and erythroid lineages was investigated using MFC and EuroFlow MDS/AML panels in 283 newly diagnosed AML patients (median age 74; range 29-90). Patient-specific phenotypes were leveraged to isolate a total of 99 cell types from 22 AML cases for targeted (48 MDS/AML related genes) and whole-exome sequencing (WES), with a mean depth of 3246x and 141x, respectively. In patients with measurable residual disease (MRD) by MFC at the time of complete remission, tumor resistant cells were FACSorted for WES using patient-specific aberrant phenotypes. T cells were used as germline control in both approaches. Mutations were considered if ≥0.05 allele frequency in leukemic blasts or dysplastic cells and ≤0.2 in T cells.
 Results: We first assessed the applicability of our hypothesis by investigating how many patients show dysplasia at the onset of AML. Dysplastic cells were observed in 252 of 283 (89%) cases. Phenotypic abnormalities were more frequently noted in the neutrophil lineage (47%), followed by the monocytic (40%) and erythroid cells (13%). Up to 169/283 (60%) patients showed multi-lineage dysplasia. Only nine cases showed no signs of dysplasia, whereas the remaining 22 had undetectable hematopoiesis.
 Targeted sequencing of dysplastic cells and blasts in 16 patients uncovered three evolutionary patterns of leukemogenesis. Stable transition in those displaying identical mutational landscapes in blasts and residual mature dysplastic cells (9/16); clonal selection in cases where blasts originated from leukemic stem cells other than the ones driving dysplasia, due to mutations absent in blasts and present in dysplastic cells (4/16); and clonal evolution in cases showing new mutations in blasts onto mutations shared between these and dysplastic cells (3/16). Interestingly, most patients displaying stable transition from dysplasia to AML had mutated ASXL1, RUNX1 and/or TP53 (8/9). Mutations present in dysplastic cells while absent in blasts from patients showing a clonal selection evolutionary pattern, were more frequently detected in genes related to signaling pathways (eg JAK2, KRAS and NRAS). By contrast, clonal evolution was characterized by new mutations affecting FLT3ITD and STAG2.
 The higher throughput of WES of dysplastic cells and blasts from six patients unveiled a more complex dynamic process of leukemogenesis, with all three evolutionary patterns being detectable in nearly all cases. Most interestingly, we found patients with mutations in dysplastic cells and blasts at diagnosis, but not in MRD cells (eg NBPF1 and ZNF717); and patients showing mutations in dysplastic and MRD cells, but not in blasts at diagnosis (eg MUC2 and KIR2DL3). These findings uncover that genetic alterations that are critical in leukemic transformation and chemoresistance, may not overlap (Figure).
 Conclusions: We showed for the first time that it is possible to reconstruct leukemogenesis in nearly 90% of newly-diagnosed AML patients, using techniques that are commonly available in clinical laboratories. The possibility to identify the genetic drivers of leukemic transformation and chemoresistance, could be clinically meaningful to develop tailored treatment strategies aiming at the eradication of genetically diverse leukemic clones.
 Figure 1 Figure 1.

 Prósper: Oryzon: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; BMS-Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding. Ayala: Incyte Corporation: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Astellas: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria. Perez-Simon: JANSSEN, TAKEDA, PFIZER, JAZZ, BMS, AMGEN, GILEAD: Other: honorarium or budget for research projects and/or participation in advisory boards and / or learning activities and / or conferences. San-Miguel: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Karyopharm, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, Novartis, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi, SecuraBio, and Takeda: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Montesinos: Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Sanofi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Incyte: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Karyopharm: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Stemline/Menarini: Consultancy; Teva: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Agios: Consultancy; Tolero Pharmaceutical: Consultancy; Forma Therapeutics: Consultancy; Glycomimetics: Consultancy; AbbVie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Astellas Pharma, Inc.: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Advisory board, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Paiva: Celgene, EngMab, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda: Research Funding; Adaptive, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb-Celgene, Janssen, Kite Pharma, Sanofi and Takeda: Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb-Celgene, Janssen, and Sanofi: Consultancy.


By sampling a case of quality accident in the small medium manufacturing enterprises,the paper conducts a systematic analysis on the causes for the accident from the perspective of rational leader.With the economic approach to the ratio of benefit increment and expense,the paper explores such reasons as lower staff initiative,insufficient investment into quality control,ineffective quality identification etc.The findings show that since enterprise leader ten to save accounting cost,this increases the number of quality accidents in small and medium enterprises.


Abstract In this study, we execute a comprehensive examination for the paper of Cipriani, Gori and Petrelli that was published in Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 20 (1), 3-14, (2012). Several doubtful findings will be examined to help researchers to absorb this significant paper of Cipriani, Gori and Petrelli.


Objective: To assess the impact of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on absence time, absence payments, and other health benefit costs from the perspective of US employers. Methods: Retrospective regression-controlled analysis of a database containing US employees' administrative health care and payroll data for those who were enrolled for at least 1 year in an employer-sponsored health insurance plan. Results: Employees with RA (N = 2705) had $4687 greater average annual medical and prescription drug costs (P < 0.0001) and $525 greater (P < 0.05) indirect costs (because of sick leave, short- and long-term disability, and workers' compensation absences) than controls (N = 338,035). Compared with controls, the employees with RA used an additional 3.58 annual absence days, including 1.2 more sick leave and 1.91 more short-term disability days (both P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Employees with RA have greater costs across all benefits than employees without RA.


A new method is described for the isolation of different mutants defective in formic dehydrogenase activity measured with benzyl viologen as electron acceptor.


Described herein, a system and method of displaying information from the mobile device (102). One embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method of controlling the machine without a touch screen display (210) of the mobile device (102). The mobile device (102) coupled to an external touch screen device (606). The method comprises receiving input via a touch screen display (606,210). The method further includes the input mapped to one or more of the keypad event. The method further includes the one or more keypad events to the at least one application.


Objective: A critical barrier to the understanding of disruptions to cognitive flexibility following sports-related concussion is the use of assessments that conflate shifts of visuospatial attention and contextual rules. Because these dissociable forms of cognitive flexibility are subserved by distinct neural networks, the utility of a cognitive flexibility assessment following concussion may be reduced, depending upon the extent to which the task requires shifting visuospatial attention relative to shifting contextual rules. Accordingly, the current investigation examined the extent to which these aspects of cognitive flexibility exhibit differential trajectories of recovery following a sports-related concussion. Method: Twenty-two athletes with sports-related concussions were assessed on a cognitive flexibility task with 2 switch conditions (i.e., perceptual-based and contextual rule−based) within 72 hr of injury, after return to play, and within 1 month following return to play. Thirty-three healthy control athletes were tested at the same intervals. Results: Findings revealed that concussed athletes demonstrated protracted disruptions in task performance on a visuospatial attention−based cognitive flexibility task relative to healthy controls, whereas disruptions in task performance on a contextual rule−based cognitive flexibility task resolved after the acute phase of injury. These findings suggest that dissociable forms of cognitive flexibility exhibit differential trajectories of recovery. Conclusions: Therefore, evaluations detecting sports-related concussion disruptions in cognitive flexibility may be reduced depending on the extent to which they rely on contextual rule−based decisions. Test batteries focusing on visuospatial attention−based demands may be useful additions to aid in the objective assessment and follow-up management of athletes following the acute phase of injury.


A facile solvothermal route has been developed to coat multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWNTs) with CdS nanocrystal in DETA-water medium using Cd(Ac)2·2H2O as a Cd precursor and H2NCSNH2 as a sulfur source.The hybrid MWNTs/CdS nanostructure was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),FT-IR.and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy.The results indicate that nano-sized CdS has been successfully in-situ encapsulated onto the surface of MWNTs without any agglomeration.


Monitoring ice-marginal lakes is important for glaciological and geomorphological studies, as well as hazard and risk assessment. Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and Sentinel2 optical data opened a new era for multi-temporal analysis and studying geomorphological changes. The purpose of this study is to compare the applicability of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data for mapping the changes in ice-marginal lake areas at the southern margin of the Vatnajökull ice cap, southeast Iceland, between 2016 and 2020. We semi-automatically mapped the ice-marginal lakes with object-based image analysis (OBIA) and based on image time series using 1) the polarization products derived from Sentinel-1 data, and 2) the spectral information of Sentinel-2 data, and compared the results. Our results show that Sentinel-1 performed better regarding the detection of the number of ice-marginal lakes, whereas Sentinel-2 performed better regarding lake delineation. Moreover, we discuss the applicability of optical and SAR data for mapping and monitoring the evolution of ice-marginal lakes.


An uncertainty analysis procedure was developed for the AFRL/RZAS Supersonic Combustion Research Laboratory to characterize the uncertainty associated with direct-connect-combustor performance parameters such as combustion efficiency and stream thrust. The uncertainty calculation uses a comprehensive approach (based on AGARD AR-223, ASME PTC 19.2-1998, and AIAA S-071A-1999) that includes the calibration standard accuracy, individual sensor calibrations, fundamental sensor measurements, intermediate performance variable determination, influence coefficients, and equilibrium code calculations. Knowledge of these uncertainties is critical in applying quantitative direct-connect test results in a meaningful manner in support of the combustion testing that is performed as part of our in-house development programs in hypersonic airbreathing engines. This information also guides investment strategies aimed at improving the overall confidence associated with reported engine performance values. This paper provides details of the uncertainty analysis procedure and results from a recent combustion test. Areas are identified where improved instrumentation will reduce the uncertainty associated with key performance measures. NOMENCLATURE


The object of this paper is to define self-control and self-esteem and see how they are related. How self-control and self-esteem are developed normally in very young children is summarized, as are the repercussions of failure to develop self-control. Some preventive and therapeutic considerations are proposed when there has been a failure to develop self-control and selfesteem. It is concluded that self-control can be learned, and when it is learned it leads to increased self-confidence and self-esteem. Children with poor control are likely to be poorly adjusted to the adult world. This is because they continue to practise a demeanour which may have been necessary for their early survival but is inappropriate in later circumstances. There must be standards and procedures to ensure that self-esteem and self-control are reached gradually through such techhiques as behaviour modifications, discussions involving the whole community, smaller group and individual approaches, and other methods.


Respiratory viruses are well‐known causes of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AE‐COPD) and also important pathogens for concomitant pneumonia in COPD (CP‐COPD). However, the differences in a viral infection pattern and clinical impacts of respiratory viruses between the two groups have not been well investigated. The clinical and microbiological data from COPD patients admitted with AE‐COPD (n = 281) or CP‐COPD (n = 284) between January 2010 and December 2012 were reviewed. After excluding 88 patients (40 with AE‐COPD and 48 with CP‐COPD) who did not undergo a multiplex RT‐PCR test for respiratory viruses, the demographic characteristics, identified viruses, and clinical outcomes of the AE‐COPD and CP‐COPD groups were compared. Respiratory viruses were identified in 41.9% of AE‐COPD group and 33.5% of the CP‐COPD groups. The most common virus was influenza virus in the AE‐COPD group (33.7%) versus human coronavirus (24.1%) in the CP‐COPD group. Influenza virus was significantly more common in the AE‐ACOPD group than in the CP‐COPD group (P < 0.01). In‐hospital mortality of AE‐COPD and CP‐COPD were 1.2% and 12.3%, respectively (P < 0.01). Among CP‐COPD patients, in‐hospital mortality of patients with only viral infection group, only bacterial infection group, and viral‐bacterial co‐infection were 2.6%, 25.8%, and 17.5%, respectively (P = 0.01). Respiratory viruses were commonly identified in both AE‐COPD and CP‐COPD, influenza virus and human coronavirus were the most common viruses identified in AE‐COPD and CP‐COPD patients, respectively. The mortality rates of only viral infection group was significantly lower than only bacterial infection or viral‐bacterial co‐infection group in CP‐COPD patients. J. Med. Virol. 88:2092–2099, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Abstract In the past, Korea exported labor and supplied migrant women who were employed in the entertainment sector abroad. Since 1987, the flow of migration from Korea began to change dramatically, and around 1996 it was reversed as Korea emerged as a major host country for foreign migrant workers, including those engaged in the sex industry. Even though its scale has diminished, the flow of Korean migrant workers and female entertainers from Korea to third countries continues. This paper deals with international trafficking in women in Korea. It illustrates that trafficking in human beings is not clearly defined and therefore is often confused or misunderstood By taking a closer look at migrant women employed in the sex and entertainment sector in Korea, their motives to migrate, the migration process, their actual employment and living condition, this paper will show that some of these women could be victims of trafficking. Some of the main causes of trafficking in human beings will also be examined with reference to four different areas of analysis—the global capitalist system, employment/recruitment agencies, including international crime rings engaged in trafficking in human beings, the countries of origin and the host countries. A number of counter-trafficking measures will be suggested as part of the conclusion.


Abstract One-pot two sequential [3 + 2] cycloadditions of azomethine ylides with different dipolarophiles for diastereoselective synthesis of spirooxindole pyrrolizidines are introduced. This one-pot synthesis involving five components generates a highly condensed ring system bearing seven stereocenters diastereoselectively. The new method has high pot, atom, and step economy. Only two equivalents of water are released as a side product. Graphical abstract


Using the PSID Child Development Supplement (CDS) and the corresponding PSID main data sets, we examine whether home ownership has positive effects on the academic achievement of children after correcting for selectivity bias and controlling for home environment, neighborhood quality, residential stability, and income. While we find no independent effects of home ownership, there are positive significant effects of home environment, neighborhood quality, and residential stability on the reading and math performance of children between the ages of three and twelve. The main policy implication of our study is that improvement of a child's home environment, residential stability, and the quality of the neighborhood is more important than ownership of a home to achieve better child outcomes. Subsidized home ownership can lead to better child outcomes to the extent that it places a child in a better home environment, in a more stable residence, and in a better neighborhood. Copyright © 2009 American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Inc..


We consider your paper really fascinating and written in a refined manner. Compliment. Unfortunately, under the same environmental conditions, not all subjects develop vascular calcification! The condition sine qua non also of vascular calcification is "Quantum Biophysical Semeiotics" (QBS) lithiasic Constitution-Dependent "Inherited Real Risk."


The pre-federation fixed coastal defence installation at Kissing Point, Townsville, constitutes a place of significant historic value to the people of Townsville and Queensland. The Kissing Point installation is the only remaining coastal defence battery from the 1890s in the city. It has retained its inherent historic value despite use as an artillery battery during the Second World War, the demolition of the wartime structures, partial burial during the 1960s, and the subsequent restoration of features in the 1970s. It was the first coastal battery constructed in Townsville. A second colonial era fortification at Magazine Island was demolished in the 1980s. The processes of construction, and the subsequent demolition, are noted and described. Following this demolition the Kissing Point installation has assumed even more historical importance. It is linked, both in terms of construction style and history, to the other extant pre-federation batteries in Queensland at Lytton, Brisbane and Green Hill, Thursday Island. Coastal defence installations were also built during the SecondWorldWar at Cape Pallarenda and on Magnetic Island. These were constructed by local labour and are material evidence of a close and continuing link between the armed services and the civilian population in Townsville. These installations are historically significant to the Townsville region; particularly in regard to the years of great uncertainty following the decisive Battle of the Coral Sea in 1942. As the Magnetic Island 'Forts' are a major site for tourism, it is important that the history of the area be fully understood and that the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, as the managers of the site, be supported in their efforts to conserve the area.


OBJECTIVE
To study the expression of membrane-type I matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) and its correlation with gelatinase A (MMP2) activation.

METHODS
Reverse transcription PCR, northern blots and western blots were employed to detect the expression levels of MT1-MMP mRNA and MMP2 protein in 4 human melanoma cell lines, 2 human lung cancer cell lines and 2 human prostate cancer cell lines.

RESULTS
All the cancer cell lines expressed MT1-MMP mRNA, and the MT1-MMP mRNA level in the 4 melanoma cell lines was significantly higher than that in the lung and prostate cancer cell lines. Activated MMP2 proteins were only detected in the melanoma cell lines, whereas PG, a lung cancer cell line, which secreted pro-MMP2 and expressed low level of MT1-MMP, could not produce activated MMP2.

CONCLUSIONS
The level of MT1-MMP expression was highly associated with MMP2 activation.


[1] The development of tracer-tracer relations in the polar stratosphere is analyzed during the period when the vortex forms and a westerly circulation develops after polar summer (the setup phase of the polar vortex). We consider high southern latitudes from March to June for winter 1997 and 2003 and high northern latitudes from September to October 2003. ILAS and ILAS-II satellite observations and model simulations are used to investigate chemical changes in O3, NO2 and HNO3 during these periods. Tracer-tracer relations and meteorological analyses consistently indicate a separation of the incipient polar vortex into two parts. The area within the edge of the inner vortex is isolated from the outer part that is still influenced by mixing with air of midlatitude origin. In the Antarctic in April, ozone concentrations vary by about 0.5 ppmv within the isolated inner vortex between 500 and 600 K potential temperature. This inhomogeneous distribution of ozone is likewise obvious in MIPAS satellite measurements. Box model simulations explain that the low ozone concentrations in April are caused by chemical ozone loss due to catalytic cycles which are mainly driven by NOx at this time of the year. The simulations also explain the observed conversion of NOx to HNO3 during the setup phase of the 2003 Antarctic vortex. During June in the Antarctic, the internal vortex transport barrier disappears and ozone mixing ratios become homogeneous throughout the entire vortex. At that time, no further ozone loss occurs because of the lack of sunlight.


The authors wish to express their appreciation for the work of Kimberly Wilburn and Cora ~isniewski, without whose dedication and willing attitude this paper could not have been completed. Due to their exceptional efforts and skill; we were able to dispatch a lengthy study to meet an imposed deadline. We would also like to thank all of the Census Bureau, for their valuable comments. The views expressed are the authorsr and do not necessarily reflect those of the Census Bureau.


To what extent do changes in the political environment shape happiness? Prevailing attempts to understand whether the size of the welfare state is sucient for happiness yields mixed empirical results. These dierences result from omitted variable biases, not dierent methodological choices within the literature. Drawing on insights from the new social risk and quality of governance literatures, this paper contends that the policy orientation and administrative quality of welfare state programs jointly condition the happiness eect of social policies. At high levels of administrative quality, the extent to which social policies privilege newer, post-industrial forms of social risk strongly inuences the happiness eect of the welfare state. The size of the welfare state only exerts a positive eect when social policies are designed to protect individuals from modern forms of social risk. At lower levels of administrative quality, by contrast, the allocation of welfare state resources matters less for happiness. Poor administrative capacities moderate the eects of extremely well- or poorly-oriented social policy regimes. First, these results stress that increasing the size and generosity of the welfare state is no panacea for increasing individual happiness. Second, under certain circumstances, high quality administrative capacities|in the presence of poorly allocated social policies|can actually cause the welfare state to promote more harm than good. Hypotheses are tested on individuals living in select OECD countries using data from Wave 4 of the World Values Survey (2005-2008) 1 and Wave 3 of European


Objective: To assess the effectiveness of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin) in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the department of ophthalmology, Jinnah post graduate medical centre, Karachi from 26 th January 2011 to 26th January 2012. Material and Methods: The study group comprised of 55 eyes of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Pre procedure fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) was done in all patients. Intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg of bevacizumab (avastin) was injected 3.5 mm from the limbus under topical anesthetic drops. Post procedure follow up was scheduled on 1st post procedure day, two weeks and after one month. Post procedure FFA was performed on all patients at 1 st month after 1 st injection. Results were entered and analyzed using SPSS Version 17. Results: Out of the 55 eyes of 41 patients who were given the intravitreal injection of avastin (bevacizumab), 42 eyes (72.17%) showed complete regression of neovascularisation, 12 eyes (21.8%) had partial regression and 3 eyes (5.5%) revealed no response. Conclusion: Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (avastin) is effective in regressing the retinal neovascularisation in controlled and uncontrolled diabetics of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) patients.


Based on our thermodynamic approach to the quantitative description of phase separation diagrams for binary liquid mixtures, an extended model of regular mixing, which establishes a relation between the enthalpy and entropy changes at the liquid-liquid equilibrium, was developed. An analytical description of the compensation effect for coexistence curves with complex topology (typical of several critical points of mixing) was obtained. The proportionality coefficient (compensation temperature) and its relation to the critical temperatures of the components are determined. For curves of coexistence with several critical points, the role of this coefficient in specifying a generalized reduced temperature characterizing the remoteness of a system from the critical state was discussed.


EDITOR,—Peter Stubbs and colleagues' paper confirms that cardiac markers are positive in a proportion of patients with unstable angina and that these patients have a poorer prognosis.1 Some points from this study are worth highlighting.

Precise definition of unstable angina is not easy. Not all patients in this study presented with accelerated angina, electrocardiographic changes, or positive results of a stress test. The diagnoses and troponin T status of patients without unstable angina are not presented. It is thus impossible to gauge the true …


Northeast China has experienced rapid and substantial climate warming over the past 60 years, and permafrost is degrading rapidly. In this study, permafrost distribution and extent in Northeast China were estimated from monitored ground surface temperatures using the temperature at the top of permafrost (TTOP) model and geographically weighted regression method. Using the TTOP model, the computed mean annual ground temperatures (MAGT@TOP) at the top of permafrost of Northeast China increased significantly from 1961–1990 (1.8°C) to 1991–2020 (3.0°C). The areal extents of permafrost defined by a subzero MAGT@TOP (MAGT@TOP ≤ 0°C) in Northeast China in the period 1961–1990 and 1991–2020 were estimated at 461.5 × 103 and 365.8 × 103 km2, respectively, indicating a decline of 95.7 × 103 km2. On average, the simulated MAGT@TOP values were 2.07°C lower than the observed MAGT@TOP values in boreholes. The linear correlation coefficient between the simulated and measured MAGT@TOP values was 0.63. Compared with the simulation results of other previous models, the result of this research is more reliable and accurate. The compiled maps of permafrost distribution can serve as an important reference for the study of permafrost changes in Northeast China.


A virus disease of the American elm tree has become prevalent throughout most of the nation. The air pollution aspects included are those involved in open burning and landfill disposal methods. The Air Pollution Unit of the Nassau County Department of Health recently undertook a survey of the various stale agencies having jurisdiction over the disposal of diseased trees. A tabulation of the survey is presented. A description of the disease, commonly known as "Dutch" elm tree disease is also included. The abatement aspects of the various disposal practices now in use are also discussed. Conclusions are drawn relative to the common disposal methods as well as those used to reduce air contamination from this source.


We have imaged the H92α and H75α radio recombination line (RRL) emissions from the starburst galaxy NGC 253 with a resolution of ~4 pc. The peak of the RRL emission at both frequencies coincides with the unresolved radio nucleus. Both lines observed toward the nucleus are extremely wide, with FWHMs of ~200 km s-1. Modeling the RRL and radio continuum data for the radio nucleus shows that the lines arise in gas whose density is ~104 cm-3 and mass is a few thousand M☉, which requires an ionizing flux of (6-20) × 1051 photons s-1. We consider a supernova remnant (SNR) expanding in a dense medium, a star cluster, and also an active galactic nucleus (AGN) as potential ionizing sources. Based on dynamical arguments, we rule out an SNR as a viable ionizing source. A star cluster model is considered, and the dynamics of the ionized gas in a stellar-wind driven structure are investigated. Such a model is only consistent with the properties of the ionized gas for a cluster younger than ~105 yr. The existence of such a young cluster at the nucleus seems improbable. The third model assumes the ionizing source to be an AGN at the nucleus. In this model, it is shown that the observed X-ray flux is too weak to account for the required ionizing photon flux. However, the ionization requirement can be explained if the accretion disk is assumed to have a big blue bump in its spectrum. Hence, we favor an AGN at the nucleus as the source responsible for ionizing the observed RRLs. A hybrid model consisting of an inner advection-dominated accretion flow disk and an outer thin disk is suggested, which could explain the radio, UV, and X-ray luminosities of the nucleus.


1Affiliation 1 2Affiliation 2 Abstract Longitudinal IRT assessments offer a tool for evaluating quality of life (QoL) and comparing groups over time1,2. Oftentimes, this is done in the context of survival analysis, where subject drop-out is related to the latent construct of interest and thus is missing not at random (MNAR). Ignoring the mechanism of missingness can lead to bias in the estimated parameters and incorrect inferences. This research builds on existing methods referred to as IRT trees3,4 and conditional IRT5. By recoding existing data to create survival items that indicate drop-out, a discrete hazard function can be created in the IRT framework. This allows for simultaneous estimation of two processes, item response and drop-out. Importantly, the model can be fit via standard IRT software. When the data is MNAR, this allows for greatly improved estimates of structural model parameters (i.e, latent regression parameters) and slightly improved estimates of measurement model parameters (i.e., IRT model parameters). This allows for improved estimation of separation between treatment arms and proper inferences about treatment efficacy. When the data is missing completely at random (MCAR), the parameter estimates are relatively unaffected, and the survival items can confirm that the data is indeed MCAR. Finally, when the data is missing at random (MAR), the survival items indicate that the data is notMCAR. The introduction of survival items in the IRT framework for modeling longitudinal data with drop-out offers a combination of diagnostic feedback and improved estimation of latent regression parameters.


Background. It has been known that modification of risk factors for atherosclerosis
improves the walking distance of patients with intermittent claudication. On the
other hand there are variety of different drugs widely used by physicians to meet
the patients expectations. We decided to study whether a combine medical therapy
has an impact on walking distance among the patients with intermittant claudication. Material and methods. In a randomised, prospective study, 79 patients with
chronic arterial occlusive disease (Fontaine stage II) were treated either by
buflomedil (600 mg daily) and pentoxifylline (1200 mg daily) or by pentoksyfilline
(1200 mg daily) alone over 12 weeks. All patients underwent treadmill testing
at the beginning and at the end of the study (treadmill speed 3,2 km/h and of
12° incline). The pain-free and maximal walking distance were measured at both
time points. Results. The pain-free distance was significantly improved in both groups
(74,4% - buflomedil and pentoxifylline group and 27,3% - pentoxifylline group)
whereas the total walking distances was significantly higher only in the group
of treated by buflomedil and pentoxifylline (41,8%). The percentage of side-effects
and adverse events were equal among the studied groups. Conclusion. The combine treatment of buflomedil with pentoxifylline turned
out to be effective and safe for the patients with intermittent claudication.


In this paper, the properties of 40Cr steel were studied by heat treatment. Different kinds of temperature quenching combined with tempering at different temperatures were used to study the influence of different heat treatment methods on the microstructure and properties of the samples, and find the optimal solution. The 40Cr steel samples were subjected to 850 °C oil quenching, respectively, and then tempered at 240 °C and 440 °C respectively, and then compared with the oil quenched parts which were not tempered. It can be known that the hardness of the quenched workpiece at 40 °C at the same quenching temperature of 850 °C is higher than that of the medium temperature tempering at 440 °C. When 40Cr steel is tempered at low temperature, the obtained structure is tempered martensite, and at the medium temperature tempering, the tempered tortite is obtained, the tempered martensite particles and the layered tempering hullite are fine. The hardened steel is organized from tempered martensite to tempered tortoise as the tempering temperature increases. 850 °C quenching + 240 °C tempering is the best solution.


A critical review of the windfield and filling models used in the hurricane simulation procedure of Batts et al. [1980] clearly indicates that the hurricane windspeeds they obtained for inland stations (greater than about 50 km from the coast) are excessive. These excessive windspeeds were used to derive the design windspeeds in ASCE-7-88 which are therefore conservative for inland locations. New simulations performed using the extensively validated HURSIM model yield much lower estimates of the 50- and 100-year return period windspeeds produced by hurricanes for inland locations.


As one of the important executive functions, memory updating has close correlation with working memory and fluid intelligence. Further studies indicate the age-related decline of memory updating is the main cause of cognitive aging, which is in consistent with executive decline hypothesis. This study was designed to explore the plasticity and transferability of working memory updating. A sample of healthy older adults received 12 training sessions over one month, each session lasted for 45 min to 1 hour (three sessions per week), and a battery of cognitive tests were administrated at pretest, posttest (immediately after completion of training), and follow-up test (15 weeks after completion of training) to assess training gains, potential transfer effects and maintenance effects. Digit updating paradigm and self-designed chess game were adopted for adaptive training, consisting of various difficulty degrees; Digit updating task (3-digits-recalled and 4- digits recalled) were used to assess the training gains during each session; near transfer tasks included color updating, color dots updating which were similar to trained tasks, and keep track, 2-back task which were dissimilar to trained tasks; far transfer tasks included working memory and fluid intelligence which have close correlation with updating, and another two measured cognitive domains: processing speed and episodic memory, according to dimensions of general intelligence. The results indicated that: 1) trained elderly showed substantial improvement on the criterion tasks immediately after training relative to controls, indicating plasticity of memory updating exists. 2) training gains could transfer to color updating and color dots updating task but not to keep track and 2-back task, indicating near transfer effects were modulated by task similarity. 3) the gains of updating training cannot be generalized to general intelligence performance of older adults, there was no far transfer to working memory, fluid intelligence, processing speed and episodic memory. 4) training effect and near transfer effect on color updating can be maintained over 15 weeks.


Annotation: The article is devoted to assessing the social development of regions using expert methods. The main collective and individual methods of expert assessments are described. Each of them is given a characteristic. The conclusion is made about the concrete possibility of using the most promising collective expert methods.


After dissolution, a homogeneous carbon nitride photocatalyst showed boosted activity; meanwhile, the hallmarks of heterogeneous catalysts (facile separation and recycling) were retained.


Ancient yoga texts concerned with the study of breathing patterns, or pranayama, have remarked upon a regular alternation of nasal flow through one nostril and then the other.In addition to an underlying cycle, certain activities and psychological conditions were noted to be associated with predominant flow through one particular nostril. Right nostril dominance, for instance, was associated with outward directedness, more vigorous activity and also certain physiologic states such as occur in the digestion of food. Left nostril predominance was related to more, quiet, receptive moods.


ABSTRACT. 1 The efficiency of pitfall trapping was investigated for seven carabid species, using time‐lapse video recording equipment, in the laboratory. 2 The effects of differing substrates, trap designs and seasons of collection on the capture rates of the carabids was also investigated. 3 Capture rate differed significantly between the species studied. The differences in capture rates between the species were unrelated to beetle size, speed of movement and diurnal behaviour. 4 Few differences arose in the capture rates when type of substrate or trap or season of capture were changed.


A study was conducted to identify drought tolerant hybrids. Thirteen maize hybrids were evaluated under stress and nonstress conditions during 2009-10 kharif season. Eighteen drought tolerant indices including Tolerance Index (TOL), Stress Tolerance Index (STI), Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI), Harmonic Mean (HM), Geometric Mean (GMP), Mean Production (MP), modified STI under optimum conditions (K1STI) and STI under stress condition (K2STI) were calculated based on grain yield under drought (Ys) and irrigated conditions (Yp). Grain yield under irrigated conditions was significantly and positively correlated with TOL and K1STI. Yield under stress conditions was having significant and positive correlation with TOL, GMP and K2STI. Results of this study showed that the hybrids Bio-9681 and HQPM-7 were having good yield under both stress as well as non-stress environments. Hence, these 2 hybrids are identified as drought tolerant based on different indices. However, before recommending these hybrids for drought prone areas, need further testing over many locations under drought conditions.


Purpose – CAPARO India Ltd., a leading player in the automotive components industry in India, has multiple logistics providers for export‐import logistics at its five manufacturing locations in north India. Dealing with multiple logistics provider restricts negotiation power, service commitments, customer satisfaction and leads to higher transportation cost and time delays due to multiple points of contact. The purpose of this paper is to document CAPARO's aim of selecting one common logistics provider for all their units in north India for export‐import logistics, warehousing, packaging and value added services in order to minimise all the above stated problems.Design/methodology/approach – This paper, in the form of case study, provides a structured decision‐making model for selection of the most suitable logistics provider using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). With this technique, several criteria like freight charges, inland charges, schedule flexibility, warehousing capacity, track and trace sy...


Increasing intensity of land use by humans has led to loss of natural habitats, resulting in isolation of remaining habitat fragments. Using a pine-bark beetle ecosystem as a model, we tested the hypothesis that the ratio of abundance of predators to prey should decrease with increasing habitat loss at the landscape scale. We selected ten red pine (Pious resinosa) sites, representing extremes of available habitat within a 2 km radius surrounding each stand. The bark beetle, Ips pini, and its coleopteran predators were sampled using baited multiple funnel traps. Effects of stand isolation were considerable; ratios of predators to prey (mean number of predators/number of prey±SE) were significantly reduced in isolated stands (0.38±0.09) as compared to those with large amounts of surrounding conifer habitat (1.63±0.41). The decline in ratio occurred both because there was: a) a lower abundance of predators (ca 0.5-0.8 ×) captured in isolated stands; and b) a significantly higher number of prey (ca 2.2 x) captured in isolated stands. Isolation or loss of habitat, therefore, differentially affected the two trophic levels, supporting theoretical predictions. Reductions in predator abundance and, presumably, enemy-caused mortality may lead to changes in the population dynamics of their prey species, possibly leading to increased outbreaks as habitat becomes increasingly isolated.


Chronic mononucleosis has recently gained much attention in the literature. Almost all cases of this new syndrome have been ascribed to persistent Epstein-Barr virus infection. However, a case presented with infantile chronic mononucleosis syndrome caused by persistent cytomegalovirus infection. Transient clonal chromosomal change was noted during follow-up.


th day period. The effect of various operational parameters like pH, incubation temperature, carbon & nitrogen additives, surfactant as well as dye concentration was optimized for enhanced decolorization of the dye under study. The effect of various redox mediators like ABTS, veratryl alcohol, MnSO4, guaiacol, glyoxlate on enzyme activity and removal of color was also investigated. After optimization of process conditions the rate of removal was enhanced up to 84 % just within 5 h .Enzymes involved in the degradation of the dye have been investigated and it was found that MnP (820 IU/mL) was the major enzyme responsible for the dye degradation. It was shown that there was a direct correlation between the observed enzyme activity and the investigated process effectiveness. The results indicated that Agaricus bisporus A21 could be used to treat dyes containing wastewater from various industries.


The primary malignant lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring indicates themalignant lesion which originates from lymphoid tissue of the nasopharynx, soft-palate, tonsil and/or the base of tongue. 86 cases of proved malignant lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring pathologically during Jan. 1964 through Nov. 1979 in our hospital are reviewed.1. The 5-year survival rate is 37.2% (32/86).2. The survival rate correlates to the stage of disease. The 5-year survival of stage Ⅰ and stage Ⅱ are 53.1% (17/32) and 30.6% (15/49) respectively (p0.005). The locations of disease, pathological types and treatment doses do not affect the survival rate significantly (p0.05).3. Range of radio-field: For stage Ⅰ and stage Ⅱ, the Waldeyer's ring and the whole cervical lymphoid chain should be irradiated. For stage Ⅲ, in addition to the Waldeyer' s ring, all of the neck and abdomen irradiation is preferable.4. Most of the metastases are revealed as abdominal mass. It appears in 22.7% of ta-tal metastatic and recurrent cases. Most of the recurrences or metastases appeared within one year but only one case in 16 years after radiation therapy.


In this article, Pitman nearness criterion is used to compare two competing united biased estimators in linear model. In particular, a sufficient and necessary condition for one estimator being superior to the other is derived. Furthermore, a simulation study is performed to illustrate the theoretical results and several special cases are also studied.


ABSTRACT This paper provides in-depth discussion about different types of error generated in platform trials with a common control arm, and how they compare to the ones arisen from standard independent trials. We provide our views on some of the popular "myths" associated with such design, under the frequentist framework. It is found that platform trial generally performs quite well in terms of type I error rate, false discovery rate, and power. In most cases, these operating characteristics of a platform trial are comparable to or even better than running individual trials.


This paper presents the results of calculating the radiation characteristics of radiating structures based on biisotropic chiral metamaterials. It has been established that these radiating structures can provide radiation of electromagnetic waves of circular polarization in azimuthal directions. It is also shown that when these radiating structures are placed on metal surfaces, their radiation characteristics do not change significantly.


Thick beds of marine shell are found along the littoral of Israel above present sea level. Thought to be natural beach deposits and
dated to the Middle Ages, they were taken to indicate considerable down-and up warping of the entire littoral within the last
centuries. However, test pits in the Ashqelon "raised beach" show that this huge shell accumulation - 60 x 5 x 1.5 m - is a
stratified man-made structure dated to the 6th century AD. Experiments show that the builders deliberately posed the valves
concave face down, as in natural deposition, probably for greater stability. No difference was found between the pattern of valve
position at the Ashqelon bed and that of certain man-made shell structures. The use of the Ashqelon structure is unknown.


those facing west are nearly as seriously injured; those facing south follow, but are much less injured than the two former; and those facing north are least injured, but only slightly less than the southerly walls. 4. When corners of buildings are thrown out, they have gone most frequently to the north-east, next to the south-west, third to the north-west, and least frequently to the southeast. So many isolated observations are inconsistent with these generalizations, however, that little value can be attached to them. Similar inconsistencies are observed in the behavior of the marble and granite shafts in marble-yards and cemeteries. Of those which have been overturned, the larger number have been thrown either to the north or south, but some have gone in various other directions; many have suffered torsional displacement, but of these some have turned with others against the sun; while others are displaced laterally without overthrow, and in as many directions as there are compass-points. Chimneys, too, have been twisted both with and against the sun, and during their oscillations have ' walked' in various directions. A Charleston chimney twisted with the sun, and slightly displaced southward, is shown in fig. 3; and a neighboring monumental shaft turned in the opposite direction, and displaced north-eastward, is represented in fig. 4. Perhaps the discrepancies among these observations may eventually be eliminated, and the apparent confusion reduced to order; but for the present, inferences as to the azimuth of the wave-paths in Charleston and imnmediate vicinity are prenmature. It is remarkable that the intensity of the seismic action has varied greatly within the limits of the city of Charleston. Thus in certain quarters the buildings have escaped with trifling injury, while similar and similarly oriented buildings in other quarters have been completely destroyed; and all possible intermediate phases of injury are found in different parts of the citv. The numerous observations on the variable intensity of the disturbance in Charleston and elsewhere in South Carolina have not yet been collated and digested; but it would appear that there are large areas within which the intensity of the disturbance culminated (and Charleston is one of these), and, moreover, that within these areas themselves there are foci or nodes of maximum vibration circumscribed and separated by annuli in which the disturbance was less severe. A few fissures, such as those abounding at Summerville, occur in Charleston and vicinity, and some small craterlets have also been observed in the neighborhood. A number of slight tremors were experienced in \(E. 275


The results of the behavior of Cs and Sr of Chernobyl fallouts in different types of soils distributed over a wide territory in the contaminated Belarusian areas including 30 km zone around the Chernobyl are presented in the paper. The advective-dispersion equation was applied to quantify rates of vertical migration of radioisotopes through the soil profile and to predict the time of maximum (peak) activity transport of the radioisotopes in groundwater. Monitoring data of Cs and Sr-activity in groundwater and deeper aquifer horizons (Quaternary, Paleogene andUpper Cretaceous) allowed to estimate their contemporary contamination in comparisonwith drinkingwater standard in Belarus and background activity before accident. It was established that Cs and Sractivity in groundwater remains high, especially if the non-threshold hypothesis of dose-effect relationship in the context of impact of low levels radiation on the population is taken into account.


In Marchena, Andalusia, Bortubo Group and partners have set up a complete production line for the manufacture of a wide range of pipes and box culverts in an existing, recently acquired production facility. This move appears to be a bold, anticyclical investment against the backdrop of the current situation of the Spanish construction industry. All the more reason to publish a site report that looks more closely at this installation.


Creativity is an integral and essential part of the engineering design process. One of the under researched areas associated with creativity is the role that information plays in enhancing or even inhibiting creative design activities. This paper gives an overview of the literature on creativity as it relates to information and knowledge use in design and innovation processes. The overall aim of the research associated with this paper is to better understand the effects of the inputs into a creative process rather than more common research that focuses solely on the outputs from creative processes. The paper presents: a definition of creative ideas; a model of the creative process from psychology; and two new cognitive models of idea generation. These are part of a longer term study to decipher and identify both stimulating and suppressive information in design processes. 1.1 Defining Creativity


Airbag arrangement an existing with an inflatable by a compressed gas source when triggered airbag having a vent opening (11) for discharging gas from the inflated airbag to the outside, wherein having on the outside of the vent opening (11) the gas bag fabric (10) of a textile material guide outflowing for redirecting the from the vent opening (11) gas predetermined direction is disposed in one through an opening formed by the guide orifice (21), wherein the guide device from one of a blank from a lying within the inner surface of through-flow having (13) textile reinforcing layer ( 12) and the reinforcing layer (12) and the gas bag fabric (10) in a the alignment with each other aligned vent opening (11) and flow-through opening (13) surrounding the connection region (19) are inextricably connected to each other, characterized in that the blank is formed triangular and z wei opposing corner portions (24, 25) of the outside of the connecting portion (19) not connected to the gas bag fabric (10) connected to the blank around the openings (11, 13) surrounding the connection region (19) out of the plane of the gas bag fabric (10) and associated folded reinforcing layer (12) and thereby abutting two edges (14, 15) of the reinforcing layer (12) are interconnected such that the outside of the connecting portion (19) folded corner portions (24, 25) of the reinforcing layer (12) like a tent over the flow-through opening (13) and the compounds of the reinforcing layer (12) and airbag fabric executed (10) collect and at the third edge (16) the outlet opening (21) for the out of the vent opening (11) form effluent gas.


The promise of interreligious openness signalled by Vatican II's Nostra Aetate (1965) has over the past 50 years required an ongoing conversation in the Church about the meaning and limits of that openness, its relationship to traditionally affirmed proclamation and evangelization, and its relevance in a world faced with daunting needs. In particular, the Catholic study of other religions has faced various challenges that may be categorized in light of three papal periods: the real even if cautious opening in the era of Paul VI; the difficult balance between a still deeper openness and a growing fear of relativism in the era of John Paul II and Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI; and the era of Francis. The challenge to comparative theologians—like all other Catholic intellectuals—is now that of relevance, the need to put intellectual work at the service of the poor, in protection of the environment, and toward a promotion of interreligious peace. The work of learning continues, but in each era has taken on different nuances and been received differently.


DIRECTIONS OF THE TRANSPORT OF MATERIAL IN THE PODHALE FLYSCH ON THE BASIS OF DATA FROM THE BASIN OF THE LEŚNICA STREAM (EASTERN POD HALE) Summary Detailed sedimentological studies of the Podhale Flysch in the basin of the Leśnica Stream provide additional data on the distribution of the sources of material and the directions of its transport in the Podhale Trough. The author finds, for the first time, that in this part of thePodhaleBasintransport of material proceeded not only from the west to the east but also from the north to the south. The oldest member of the Flysch are the Szaflary Beds which occupy a large part of the area investigated here and are developed in a marginal fades. On the other hand, the Zakopane Beds and the Chocholow Beds, which are developed as medium- and fine-grained flysch, correspond to the central part of the sedimentation basin, in which the Podhale Flysch was formed.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new fluorine-containing compound, a new fluorine-containing polymerizable monomer and a new fluorine-containing polymer which each has a high fluorine content, has specific polar groups in an identical molecule, and has high transparency, and to provide a dissolution inhibitor and a resist material which each uses these substances. SOLUTION: This fluorine-containing compound contains substituents represented by the general formula (1). Therein, R 1 is a straight chain or branched alkyl or alkylene, a cyclic structure group containing an aromatic group or alicyclic group, or a composite substituent comprising an aromatic group and an alicyclic group, wherein R 1 may partially contain F, a halogen, CN, O, N, Si, or an alcohol; R 2 is H, a straight chain or branched alkyl, an aromatic group or a hydrocarbon group which may contain an alicyclic group, wherein R 2 may contain F, O, N, carbonyl bond or an alcohol; a plurality of R 2 groups having different structures may be contained in an identical molecule. COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI


Many classic studies of foodways by folklorists and other scholars have effectively shown the sophisticated ways in which food functions to foster a heightened sense of group cohesion. Owing to the ethnographic tradition of representing cultures in a decidedly celebratory manner, as well as the tendency for individuals and groups to self-consciously perform, it follows that most depictions of food within communities fall in line with this paradigm of "communitas" (cf. Humphrey and Humphrey 1988). Recently, a few studies have moved beyond this positive function of food behavior to consider how food may be employed simultaneously to reinforce hegemonic or patriarchal structures, as well as to punish, cajole, or otherwise negotiate power relations. Looking at cinematic portrayals of food events may be particularly revealing in this regard because, as mimetic devices, they represent aspects of food behavior not generally included in extant ethnographic and auto-ethnographic representations of foodways. As a matter of fact, "scenes which suggest happiness, comfort, or fulfillment are exceptional among Hollywood productions," observes film critic Parley Ann Boswell. "In American movies, food and dining are most often associated with crisis, frustration, conflict, or emptiness. No matter what the food, or what the meal being presented to us, Hollywood shows us not how Americans celebrate an abundance of food, but how this very abundance of food exposes other yearnings and other needs of American culture" (1993:9). As such, I approach popular American films through an ethnographic lens, relying on folkloristic, feminist, psychoanalytic, and postcolonial theories for insight. Moving beyond the obvious examples of food films, those employing food as a central thematic device, I examine mainstream popular films for the brief, subtle, yet powerfully resonant moments when food functions to symbolize racial and cultural identity and, more significantly, to negotiate power, belonging, and exclusion.1 In this schema, the foreign "other"-like the "disgusting" foods the other is presumed to eat-manifests as the "abject." Presented cinematically as defiled and polluting, the other must be expelled, a process painfully evident in Tony Kaye's American History X (1998). In this and other films, there exists a simultaneous desire to consume the other. A negotiation of this conflict is exemplified in Joel Zwick's My Big Fat Greek Wedding (2002) and John Hamburg's Along Came Polly (2004) where the other is confronted (and confined) safely at the ethnic restaurant-a mediating site that, in the final analysis, serves to reinforce colonialism and complicate traditional approaches to foodways. ABJECTING THE OTHER IN AMERICAN HISTORY X People being equated with the food they eat, of course, is not a new idea. In light of the worn adage, "we are what we eat," most people can quickly rattle off a number of foods associated with their own families and communities; food in this sense clearly functions to create "an" ethnic identity. The flip side of creating communitas through food is that it often does so by defining alterity-what is outside, what is foreign-we are what we don't eat. Hence, people can also, if asked, recall stereotypes about the food of other groups, the juiciest being reserved for "foreigners" (Kalcik 1984). Historically, food has been one of the primary ways in which the other is posited as inferior, and it constituted an integral part of the social construction of race during the early Colonial period. Africans, for example, were seen first and foremost as bodies, and perceived bodily functions were used to differentiate the traveler from the native (see, for example, Fanon [1952] 1967:111-14; Pratt [1992] 1998:52; Spurr 1993:22; Turner 1993:2-32). The construction of the other, above all, as a body, positions the other as an embodiment of filth, something that needs to be abjected. The more "foreign" a group of people are taken to be, the more likely their food behavior will be taken to be repulsive, immoral, or barbaric. …


The open learning sub-cloud(OLSC) was proposed based on the background of open education and the cloud computing,which has such properties: normalization service capacity to learn,effective and efficient capacity to provide resource,diversification of the learning platform,reliable and secure of data storage,easy to configure and low cost etc.After all its logical structure and physical structures was given.


Implementation of learning should provides opportunities for students to be able to develop metacognition ability. This study aimed to analyze the influence of Science Digital Storytelling media towards metacognition abilities of students. The study design used is Nonequivalent-Groups pretest-posttest control group. Samples selection are done by random sampling. This study had found that the metacognitive ability of students which consists of five levels of metacognition ability increases. N-gain is at the low category of the control class and was the experimental class. Relations Science Digital Storytelling calculations have been done and the r value obtained is 0, 85 which means that there is a strong relationship between Science Digital Storytelling to metacognition abilities of learners. The test results of the influence of media Science Digital Storytelling is obtained that sig-2 tailed 0.00 <0.05, it can be concluded that the media Science Digital Storytelling has a significant impact on metacognition ability.


Information hiding, a form of information processing, embeds data into trivial media for the purpose of concealing the secret communication. Provided that the change due to the above_mentioned process cannot to be detected by human vision system, only the two parties of communication know the covered channel within the traffic, thus it arouses less suspicion. In this paper the authors believe that information hiding combined with encryption techniques can provide a perfect scheme for high strength secure communications. Utilizing a new information hiding algorithm based on noise extraction, the above_mentioned scheme has been realized, to design the algorithm the factors including image quality,ability of whole bits restoration,security,performance of anti_detection have been taken into account. Finally, the experiment and analysis of anti_detection are given.


The IOT based Weather Reporting System is proposed to get live reporting of weather conditions on agriculture used regions. It has to monitor temperature, humidity, wind, light and rain level on large ground fields. The Internet of Things (IOT) technology behind the system is aimed to offer an economically efficient solution to monitor weather conditions. The system is monitoring the environmental conditions and sends the information to the cloud and data is shown like graphical statistics on a BLYNK app, and are forecasted the harmful weather conditions like storm, dryness. This system will monitor the changes of weather conditions occurring over the environment and then provides the users fastest way to access the information from anywhere.


Nigeria is an oil and gas producing nation. The Niger Delta is the Nigerian oil and gas province. About 10 – 40% of produced associated gas is underutilized and is flared into the environment. This is the usual trend in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. Gas flaring has adverse impacts on the environmental components and its associated biota. This paper reviews the impacts of gas flaring on the vegetation and water quality resources in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The study found that gas flaring alters water ions (especially sulphate, carbonate, nitrate), pH, conductivity heavy metals (such as lead and iron) concentration especially in rainwater. It also affects vegetation leading to decrease in growth and productivity probably due to changes in soil quality parameters. The paper concludes by suggesting promulgation/implementation of gas glaring laws in Nigeria.


The design of a transistorized monitor sensitive to alpha and beta radiation concentrations in the range 8 x 10/sup -10/ to 8 x 10/sup -7/ mu c/cc is described. The system pumps air from the compartment being monitored and passes it through a filter paper where it is examined by a scintillation counter. If the radiation level exceeds predetermined levels, both visual and audible alarm signals are produced. (C.J.G.)


Abstract Most guayule genotypes lose considerable amounts of rubber after harvest. The time that the harvested shrub stays in storage is an important factor controlling the amount of degradation. This study identifies genotypes which are more stable with respect to postharvest degradation of rubber quality and quantity. Genotypes carrying such an economically valuable trait provide for the development of high-rubber-yielding cultivars that prevent substantial losses between harvest and processing. Further studies are expected to throw light on the mechanisms of postharvest rubber degradation, in general, and on the genetic nature of this variation in particular. More genotypes must be exposed to more storage conditions in order to identify genotypes that may withstand the adverse effects of long storage. The observation that some genotypes continue to synthesize rubber after harvest, at least for a short period of time, is also encouraging. Such genotypes make it possible to handle the shrub between field...


In the article the actuality of the improving professional-applied physical training of the future specialists of computer technologies is substantiated. Application of controlling systems in educational process effectively influences process of formation of knowledge and skills. The experimental procedure of use computer carries out a role of link between theoretical and practical preparation of students to the future professional work. Significant enriching of professional knowledge, skills, skills can be reached means and methods of active learning. They set up on use of computer technology.


A method for determining the maneuver required by a space vehicle to reduce its collision probability with another tracked object below a predefined threshold was developed. The methodology employs efficient computationalschemes for computing collision probability, propagating space vehicles, and three-dimensional root finding. The collision probability calculation was improved by reducing a two-dimensional integral to a one-dimensional integral, thereby realizing a significant reduction in computational effort. In addition, a method to circumvent high-fidelity propagation of the space objects from the time of the maneuver to the time of closest approach was found. The method essentially replaces high-fidelity propagation with simple two-body Keplerian propagation. A gradient technique is used to find the maneuver direction. The maneuver magnitude is found using a one-dimensional root finding scheme that takes advantage of the linear relationship between the maneuver velocity and resulting displacement. The method was applied to an actual case involving two geostationary satellites whose collision probability was unacceptably high. For various times before closest approach, the maneuver required to reduce the collision probability below a required threshold was found and provided to satellite operators. A maneuver time was selected and the associated maneuver was executed by satellite operators. Postmaneuver tracking of the satellites indicated that the maneuver worked as planned and reduced the collision probability to the desired level.


The amount of biomass products generated globally increases year after year. Nature produces lignocellulose, which is largely constituted of three components in the following order: cellulose (34–50%), hemicellulose (15–35%), and lignin (5–30%). A promising conversion method known as biomass conversion employs a liquid media-based process to address the issue of an abundance of biomass as waste. Converting biomass with ionic liquid (IL) can address not only environmental issues caused by the abundance of biomass waste but also generate new energy sources or new products with economical selling value. IL can be employed as a green catalyst, solvent, or electrolyte, as well as in a number of conversion processes. In general, 1-alkyl-3-methyl-imidazolium-based cations are the most commonly used IL types for biomass conversion. The conversion conditions are relatively mild, consisting of a low temperature of around 95-220 °C, 1 atm, for 10–240 minutes. This paper review is expected to be a significant reference in the future for the development of other biomass conversion processes.


Considering of broad beans as an integral component of biological crop rotations, the presence of phytopathogenic, toxigenic, opportunistic, and allergenic microscopic fungi in soils under their different varieties should be examined. At the Botanical garden BelSU (Belgorod) on a natural infectious background were grown and studied of 16 different broad beans varieties. Were taking into account the indicators of frequency of occurrence and abundance of species, they determined the structures of soil mycocomplexes under different varieties. Analysis of the data showed that most micromycetes in the rhizosphere under bean varieties belonged to the Ascomycota division, which is part of it as 4th classes of Sordariomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes and Saccharomycetes. The species diversity of the soil mycobiota of steaming soil was characterized by 26 species, and under the studied bean varieties 57 species of fungi were identified. In the mycocomplex under varieties, species of different ranks of frequency of occurrence developed that were not noted in the paring soil: Alternaria tenuissima and Stemphyllium solani were rarely and accidentally found in the control soil, but they were not found in under the beans during budding – flowering. This can be explained by the fact that a different composition of exudates in the root zone of the soil under the plants contributes to the development of different types of microorganisms. In the complex of micromycetes under the beans, the share of toxigenic species increased by 2.5-29%, opportunistic species - by 1.3-31%, allergens - by 2-24% compared with the soaring soil. In the soil, an abundance of opportunistic and allergenic species capable of inducing mycoses and allergies in humans can be reduced by the broad bean varieties Aquadul, White large-fruited, Russian Black, Velena, Summer Resident, Leader, Optics, Pink Flamingo, Yankel Byala. After the cultivation of the beans the phytopathogenic species Ascochyta fabae, Clasdosporium herbarum, Fusarium graminearum, F. oxysporum var. orthoceras, F. oxysporum, F. solani and Ulocladium botrytis, remain in the soil and this fact must be considered when selecting the next crop in crop rotation.


To realize the hybrid communication of different rates Ethernet devices since the Ethernet devel-oped to the Fast Ethernet,on the basis of describing the fundamental principle of Ethernet Auto-negotiation,illustrates the three page frames structure of GB Ethernet Auto-negotiation.The process of GB Ethernet Au-to-negotiation is emphasized,and introduces the Auto-negotiation receiving and transmitting process of GB Ethernet ports individually take the 1000BASE-T for example


Cells avert the development of malignancy in response to deregulated oncogene expression by activating a regulated cell death pathway. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this oncogene-induced cellular death process remains unclear. Here, we show that retroviral expression of oncogenic H-ras induced cell death in a caspase-independent manner in normal cells. Inhibition of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) by pretreatment with SP600125 or a dominant-negative form of JNK blocked cell death. Rac1 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) were activated in cells overexpressing oncogenic H-ras. Inhibition of Rac1 with RacN17, a dominant-negative form of Rac1, attenuated oncogenic H-ras–induced JNK activation and subsequent cell death. Interestingly, inhibition of PI3K with LY294002 or by small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown of PI3K p85 or p110 subunits also clearly attenuated JNK activation and cell death. No cross talk was observed between Rac1 and PI3K, indicating that these pathways operate in parallel. Our findings show that JNK is necessary for oncogenic H-ras–induced, caspase-independent cell death, and that both PI3K and Rac1 activities are required for JNK activation and cell death. Determining the molecular mechanisms that mediate cell death responses to deregulated oncogenes provides a more refined understanding of cellular disposal processes in normal cells and increases our appreciation of these events as a mechanism for protecting against malignant progression. (Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(9):1534–42)


Image based measurement setups are widely used for multidirectional reflectance measurements of materials. Different reflection models are used to estimate the material reflectance. In this paper we use two commonly known simple reflection models to evaluate an image based measurement setup proposed in our previous studies. Sample material is measured at multiple incident and viewing directions using the setup. The captured data is divided into training and test set to evaluate the setup. Two reflection models are trained using the training dataset. To evaluate the measurement setup, one of the sample materials is measured at few incident and viewing directions using a light source and a Tele-Spectro-Radiometer (TSR). This measured data is then compared with the reflectance estimated by the two reflection models. Results shows that image based multi-directional reflectance measurements can be performed using measurement setup proposed in our previous work. The data captured using the setup can be used to fit different reflections models for the sample materials used in this setup. Introduction Image based instruments that are relatively cheap and fast, are being increasingly used in multi-angle reflectance measurements of the material [1, 2, 3]. The multi-angle data captured can be further processed (for example to estimate the material BRDF). Where the need is to acquire fast and cheap measurements, image based instruments can be a good alternative compared to the expensive, time consuming, but precise instruments (like Goniospectrometers). These measurements can then be used to train reflection models to calculate the BRDF and simulate or reproduce the material appearance. A number of reflection models are proposed till now which mainly aim towards fulfilling the needs of the computer graphics field to simulate material appearance in a given scence/situation. One of the main aims of the computer graphics field is to accurately measure the appearance of materials and simulate/reproduce synthetically the real object using simple methods/techniques [4]. A Bidirectional Reflection Distribution Function (BRDF) is a distribution function that describes the surface reflectance properties of opaque and homogenous materials [5] as given in Equation (1). fBRDF (θi,φi;θr,φr,λ ) = dLr(θi,φi,θr,φr,Ei) dEi(θi,φr) (1) Here, i and r denote incidence and reflection respectively. θ and φ together indicate the direction, Ei is incident irradiance, Lr is radiance and d is the differential. Guarnera [4] presented an overview of the BRDF models used to represent surface/material reflection characteristics. As discussed in [4], BRDF models can be classified into Physically-based models and Phenomenological models. Physically-based models are based on physics and optics and are described using micro-facets of varying size and orientations. One of the very well known and widely used physical models is the Cook-Torrance [6] model. Phenomenological models are approximations of the reflectance data using measured data and fitting of the same using analytical models. Some of the commonly known phenomenological models are the Phong [7], Ward [8], Lafortune [9], etc. In our previous studies [3] we presented a measurement setup which can perform multi-angle reflectance measurements of homogenous, flexible materials in a fast and relatively cheap way. In this setup, we mount the flexible sample onto a cylinder of known radius and measure using a RGB camera [10, 3]. The captured RGB data is converted into the colorimetric space CIEXYZ using the conversion matrix M̂. Matrix M̂ is derived using the camera spectral sensitivity (measured using a monochromator) and the CIE 2◦ colour matching functions by minimising the error using least square technique [11]. This data can be used further as training data to train different reflection models (like Cook-torrance or Ward model) to estimate the sample BRDF and simulate the material appearance. The objectives of the work presented in this paper are: • to estimate the surface reflectance properties of the sample materials used in the experimental setup using the image based multi-angle measurement setup proposed in previous studies [3], • to train different reflection models using the colorimetric data captured with the image based multi-angle measurement setup and evaluate the setup against measurements obtained using a TSR, • test the trained reflection models to predict the sample material reflectance at different illumination and viewing directions. Background In order to evaluate the measurement setup we used 2 reflections models; Cook-Torrance (hereby referred as CT in this paper) and Ward to fit the measurement data obtained in the measurement setup by using the RGB camera [3]. The trained model parameters were then used to estimate the BRDF measurement at different incident and viewing directions. CT model is a physical model that describes the intensity and spectral composition of the light reflected from the object/material. CT model as described in


Civil Engineering Materials is a basic course for undergraduate student in civil engineering field. This course aims to introduce essential performances and engineering application of general materials in civil engineering. Taking account of background and content of civil engineering materials course the saturation of practical requirement for human resource training of engineering is analyzed. A recommendation on course construction emphasized on engineering application is presented in this paper.


Modeling of blood flow with respect to rheological parameters of the blood is the objective of this paper. Casson type equation was selected as a blood model and the blood flow was analyzed based on Backward Facing Step benchmark. The simulations were performed using ADINA‐CFD finite element code. Three output parameters were selected, which characterize the accuracy of flow simulation. Sensitivity analysis of the results with Morris Design method was performed to identify rheological parameters and the model output, which control the blood flow to significant extent. The paper is the part of the work on identification of parameters controlling process of clotting.


The problem to determine the existence of possible blocking sets in Steiner systems has been studied by many authors from many points of view. In this paper, we study this problem for G-designs, determining the first Ck-designs having the most large possible discrepancy.