The article presents an integrated reconstruction of Hegel's philosophy, in the process of which the place and the function of the thinker's major conceptual constructions are established. During problem solving the key role of the concept of infinity in Hegel's philosophy is proved and the importance of The Phenomenology of Spirit in the system of philosophy is revealed. Until now, Science of Logic as the first element of the encyclopedic system often has been the subject of analysis for the researchers who were trying to understand the structure of the Hegelian system. The Phenomenology of Spirit, by contrast, was usually considered beyond Hegelian system projects as a "separate" ("early") work. The analysis of systemic importance of The Phenomenology of Spirit involves identifying the specificity of the phenomenological thingness and the description of its structure. For the first time in the world of historical and philosophical literature the analysis of its own structure of The Phenomenology of Spirit is carried out based on the concept of "true infinity", herewith in accordance with the specificity of phenomenological experience subject there are three phenomenological narrative "circles". Reconstruction of the process of formation in the course of the phenomenological movement of speculative thingness ending with the "infinity" as an adequate expression of its structure allows revealing the principle of the philosophical knowledge organization in the system of Hegel's philosophy and determining the attitude of Logic to actual philosophy, that is, solving the main problem of the "encyclopedic system". The article also presents the analysis of Science of Logic in terms of how it describes the process of "implementation" ("deepening") of speculative thingness, thus outlining the main stages of the method evolution in Logic motion.


The application factorial method in the analysis of the real estates market requires deep knowledge of the investigated problem. The number of new transformed variables is subjective and their correct interpretation is necessary. This interpretation should be firmly linked with the values of factorial charges. The number of the methods of selecting factors allows several approaches to the analysis. The most fruitful method is the method of main components. For the Cracow district Zwierzyniec a database counting 61 real estates was made. The real estates were planned for low apartment houses (Tab. 1). For these real estates the following attributes were defined based on notary acts:


The purpose of this study is to analyze the problems of urban construction land approval system from the perspective of land supervision,so as to put forward reform proposals.Methods employed include field survey and institutional analysis.The results indicate that there exists a series of problems in the current urban construction land approval system.It also put forward the reform proposals accordingly.It is concluded that there are many urgent aspects should be paid attention to improve the improvement of urban construction land approval system,such as increasing the times of deliveries of application for approval appropriately,rationally defining and assessing the scope of land confiscation rate and land supply rate,putting more emphasis on dealing with those unused lands after land use approved and eventually increasing the land supply rate.


This paper describes considerations that are important for the successful application of x-ray image intensifier video systems to diagnostic radiology. Particular attention is given to spatial resolution amd maximum signal-to-noise ratio.


Implementation of a coarse-grained hardware-multithreaded processor for use in the IBM AS1400 uses a PowerPC architecture that supports two threads. Hardware multithreading is a technique for tolerating memory latency by utilizing otherwise idle cycles in the CPU. This requires the replication of the processor architecture registers for each thread. Replication is not required for the majority of processor logic such as instruction cache, data cache, TLB, instruction fetch and dispatch mechanisms, branch units, fixed-point units, floating-point units, and storage-control units.


Purpose: Linac‐based kilo‐voltage x‐ray systems for image‐guidance have been widely adopted in radiation therapy. Over recent months, six cone‐beam CT enabled linacs have been installed and commissioned in our clinic. In the era of image‐guidance, a reference image of the patient anatomy and the treatment plan must be delivered to the unit for matching. This requires coordination of the simulation, planning and delivery systems. This work describes the commissioning and integration process for kilo‐voltage x‐ray image‐guidance systems in the modern radiotherapy clinic. Method and Materials: Accuracy and reproducibility of the kV source was measured using the RTI Barracuda diagnostic x‐ray meter. Image quality of the cone‐beam CT acquisition system was assessed using the CatPhan 500 multi‐slice CTimage quality phantom. Metrics here include spatial resolution, uniformity, CT# accuracy and linearity as well as scale, orientation and slice thickness. Geometric coincidence of the imaging and treatment iso‐centers was verified using a steel BB localized to the MV radiation iso‐center using a Winston‐Lutz technique. A custom‐made anthropomorphic torso phantom was CT simulated and planned in four orientations (head first supine, head first prone, feet first supine and feet first prone) and exported to each linac for image‐guided setup correction and "treatment". This tested the DICOM connectivity, orientation, scale, structure sets and isocenter of the imported reference images as well as magnitude and direction of couch corrections. Results: The average absolute error after correction across all orientations and all platforms was (0.8±0.7, 0.6±0.7, 1.0±0.7) [mm±1S.D.] (L/R, S/I, A/P). Conclusion: A commissioning process for linacs with kilo‐voltage imaging was described. Image‐guidedradiotherapy increases precision and accuracy of the delivered treatment but it also increases the demand for integration and coordination of other systems in the modern clinic. Conflict of Interest: This work is sponsored by the Elekta Synergy Research Consortium.


The paper reviewed the principles and characteristics of several molecular markers,including RAPD,SSR,ISSR,AFLP and SRAP,etc.,then introduced their application status in the classification and identification of germplasm resources,the analysis of genetic relationship and the identification of hybrids,and finally discussed the development prospect of molecular markers in the analysis of genetic relationship,the identification of species and cultivars,construction of genetic linkage map and molecular marker-assisted selection of tree peony.


In this research, we propose a new genetic algorithm called MGGA (Genetic Algorithm with Mutant Genes), in which mutant genes are introduced actively. An individual with mutant genes may express the phenotype of the genes imperfectly, or may even fail to express the phenotype. To realize this phenomenon, we give a new mapping function, which depends on mutant genes, from genotype to phenotype. We also introduce irreversible changes from a normal gene into a mutant gene. We can reduce the number of genes that have lower effectiveness by these irreversible changes. Through structural learning of a polynomial model and layered neural networks, we show that MGGA can optimize the parameter structure of the models and is a general-purpose method for structural learning. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(14): 23–33, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10179


B/OGEOGRAPHIA - vol. XIV - 1988 {Pubblicato il 31 dicembre 1990) The Biogeography of Somalia Contributo alla conoscenza della flora e Vegetazione dell'Oltre Giuba (Somalia Meridionale) (qq') MARCELLO TARDELLI Erbario Tropicale tli Fireizze, via 'La Pim 4 — Firenze SUMMARY In 1986 the Center for Study of Tropical Zoology and Ecology with the cooperation of the National Research Council of Florence, organized a scientific expedition to the southwestern Somalia. The itiner- ary included the Giuba region (Gedo) and numerous stops of particular interest which have rarely been seen by other scientific groups. lnfact, from a botanical point of view, some of these areas are still unexplored and completely unknown. This work describes five of the principal areas examined. Fafadun: This area is characterized by grey-like sandy-soil and very low shrubby vegetation. (It must be pointed out that it did not rain at all during the last six months). El Bur Saar: This area is characterized by the presence of a hilly strip of land which was often covered by fog both at night and during the early morning hours. This humidity has permitted the establishment of lush arboreal vegetation. The soil is typically red and sandy; herbaceous plants are almost completely absent. Garba Harte: This area is a tableland bordered by flat and clearly stratified bas reliefs. The soil is pebbly, reddish brown, and calcareous in nature. The vegetation is rather sparse and is represented by low shrubs typical of plants found in open windy areas. Fanwein: This zone is, for the most part, sandy and furrwed by beds of Wadi which have dug their way into the rock. The area is surrounded by flat has reliefs. The arboreal and shrubby vegetation is rather scarce. The two lakes which are found in this area, one above the other, are fed by salty water. Matagassile: The area we visited was along the banks of the Giuba river near the Giuba rapids. Nel 1986 il Centro di Studio per la Faunistica ed Ecologia Tropicali del C.N.R. di Firenze e l'Erbario Tropicale di Firenze nell'ambito di un pro- gramma di ricerche sulla flora e fauna del]'Africa Orientale hanno organizza— to una missione scientifica nella Somalia Sud—occ:identale dal 24 ottobre al 17 novembre 1986. La parte faunistica e stata curata dal dr. L. Chelazzi ricercatore presso il Centro di Studio per la Faunistica ed Ecologia Tropicali del C.N.R. di Firem- ze. L'itinerario ha cornpreso tra l'altro numerose localita dell'Oltre Giuba (Gedo), regione che riveste particolare interesse in quanto solo raramente vi sono state svolte spedizioni scientifiche ed alcune zone risultano ancora del U') Pubblicazione dell'Erbario Tropicale di Firenze — N. 72 89


The development of stable and active gold catalysts has arisen as a significant strategy for oxidation of alcohols. Nano-size PVA-stabilized gold nanoparticles immobilized on Sr(OH)2 by colloidal deposition presented high catalytic activity for benzyl alcohol oxidation. In 2.5 h, 2 bar of O2 and without extra-base addition, the calcined support reached 54.6% (100 °C) and 67.4% (140 °C) of conversion, presenting the remarkable and unexplored intrinsic basicity that strontium-based materials retain. With sub-stoichiometric K2CO3 adding, under the same catalytic conditions, the catalyst conducted the reaction with similar activity, but with excellent reusability in the process, without any gold leaching. We investigated the influence that the support synthesis method and the solvent used for the NPs stabilization have on the oxidation activity. The produced materials were fully characterized by XPS, Rietveld refinement, and TEM.


Early to Middle Frasnian (E–MF) epicontinental sequences are investigated in five representative localities of the Holy Cross Mountains and Cracow region, with emphasis on conodont biostratigraphy, to evaluate the regional stratigraphic and biotic context of a major biogeochemical perturbation in global carbon cycling. Conodont associations from the Palmatolepis transitans to Palmatolepis punctata Zone boundary beds are dominated by the shallow−water polygnathid and ancyrodellid fauna in the South Polish epicontinental successions, and first appearances of index palmatolepid spe− cies are delayed due to facies control of pelagic environments during intermittent drowning of the carbonate shelf. Thus, identification of the zonal boundary is based mainly on species of Ancyrodella, and five distinctive ancyrodellid levels in the succession across the E–MF interval enable refined correlation of the sections studied, especially when paired with chemostratigraphic proxies. Prominent conodont biofacies shifts coincided with eustatic deepening, which is correlated with the Timan, Middlesex, and early Rhinestreet events, respectively. Trends in the conodont dynamics, mortality and diversity, partly replicated by the benthic biota (especially shelly faunas and crinoids), indicate that the faunal turnovers correlate also with the main 13C excursions and related changes in trophic conditions. The E–MF transitional interval, marked by short−term sea−level fluctuations, is distinguished by a change from relatively diversified biofacies to more ho− mogenous, mostly impoverished faunas. The latter change is a biotic response to the beginning of a prolonged (ca. 0.5 Ma) positive 13C anomaly, probably paired with unsteady eutrophic and partly anoxic regimes. The late Pa. punctata Zone negative carbon isotope anomaly is synchronous with the second large−scale pelagic biofacies remodelling, includ− ing mesotaxid extinction. A stabilization of the carbon cycle and its return to normal background values at the start of the Early Palmatolepis hassi Zone coincide with conodont biofacies diversification and recovery of reef−related biofacies. With the exception of collapsed, endemic Kadzielnia−type mud−mound biota and a moderate biodiversity depletion due to overall ecosystem stagnation, no significant extinction events can be demonstrated, even if the large−scale changes in car− bon cycling during the E–MF timespan are of higher−amplitude than the celebrated carbon isotopic anomalies related to the Frasnian–Famennian mass extinction. Thus, this regional succession in detail confirms that the large−scale punctata Isotopic Event (= Pa. punctata Event) is correlated neither with catastrophic enviromental nor radical biotic changes.


A systematic set of geo-referenced samples was collected from the Muktsar district covering the entire area using GPS (Global positioning system) and the maps showing the spatial variability of individual micronutrient cation (Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe) were generated using Arc Info GIS (Geographic information system). The multi-micronutrient status map was also generated by integrating the individual micronutrient cation map in GIS. The results of the study revealed that in Muktsar district of Punjab, the 39, 7, 8 and 34 per cent of the total geographical area (TGA) of the district was deficient in Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe, respectively. It was also clear from the multi-micronutrient map that the deficiency of two or more micronutrients at one location is less prevalent than that the deficiency of individual micronutrient.


Background: Pumilio/fem-3 mRNA binding factor (PUF) proteins can bind RNA in a sequence-specific manner. The deciphered RNA-recognition code of these proteins has enabled researchers to design engineered PUF proteins, capable of binding to any desired target in order to modify its ultimate fate. In this study, a modified Homo sapiens Pumilio 1-homology domain (HsPUM1-HD) was engineered to bind to the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome to potentially inhibit viral translation. Methods: Based on the RNA-recognition code, required modifications were applied to HsPUM1-HD in order to change its natural recognition sequence to a sequence in the stem-loop III of HCV IRES. RNA protein pull-down assay was performed to assess the sequence specificity of the modified HsPUM1-HD (mHsPUM1-HD). Translational inhibitory effect of mHsPUM1-HD was evaluated in a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results: The mHsPUM1-HD was found to bind to its cognate RNA in a sequence-specific manner, as a biotinylated target RNA captured mHsPUM1-HD through binding to streptavidin magnetic beads. This protein also reduced HCV IRES-dependent firefly luciferase translation by 40% in HEK293 cells. Conclusions: The present study is the first report of an engineered HsPUM1-HD with potential anti-HCV activity. These findings suggest that PUM-HDs can be engineered to target desired RNAs of infectious agents in order to specifically interrupt protein translation, as an essential step of their life cycle.


Shortly after the passage of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, the Federal Highway Administration and the Federal Aviation Administration recognized that there was very little guidance available for airport operators and metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) to use for planning intermodal access to airports in the United States. As a result, the Intermodal Ground Access to Airports: A Planning Guide was developed. This Guide is designed to provide guidance to states, MPOs, and airport operators on the types of analyses that should be performed when airport access is being planned. It describes the airport access planning process and procedures for performing analyses. During the development of the Guide, relationships were developed between the level of originating passengers at American airports and the characteristics of airport access and landside facilities. The types of characteristics that were related to originating passengers included public parking, vehicle trips, terminal curbside design, and mode of access. Some of the relationships that were developed, how they were derived, and their importance to airport access planning are now presented. In addition, some additional relationships that should be developed are suggested.


Here, we give a high level introduction of the main ideas in our proof. The proof goes via a counting argument. More specifically, we construct a large family P = {P1, P2, · · · } of very different sets of n points in Rd. We then assume all point sets in P can be embedded into Rm while preserving all pairwise distances to within (1 + ε). Letting f1(P1), f2(P2), · · · , denote the embedded poitn sets, we then argue that our choice of P ensures that any two fi(Pi) and fj(Pj) must be very different. If m is too low, this is impossible as there are not enough sufficiently different point sets in Rm.


Alanopine dehydrogenase (ADH) and both ADH and strombine dehydrogenase (SDH) are respectively the major opine dehydrogenases in the gills and mantle of hard clam under normoxia. However, ADH, octopine dehydrogenase (ODH), and SDH are the predominant opine dehydrogenases in the foot and adductor of the hard clam under normoxia. After anoxic exposure, significant increases in the activities of opine dehydrogenases in the gills were observed for ADH as well as SDH and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). However, the activities of ADH and SDH in the mantle were not responsive to anoxic exposure. Activities of ADH, ODH, SDH, and LDH in the foot were not affected by 3 h of anoxic exposure, but were significantly increased after 6 h of anoxic exposure. The major species of opine dehydrogenases in the adductor were the same as those in the foot. The activities of LDH and all opine dehydrogenases except taurine dehydrogenase (TDH) in the adductor were significantly stimulated by anoxic exposure, and their maximum activities were found by 3 h of anoxic exposure. After anoxic exposure, the rates of increases in the activities of ADH, ODH, and SDH in the adductor ranged from 150 to 230 mU/mg/h were much higher than those in the gills, mantle, and foot. Therefore, these opine dehydrogenases play an important role in the anaerobic metabolism of the adductor in the hard clam.


What is the role of small powers in establishing the position of regional leader for a country like Brazil? What contradictions arise between Brazil's desire to enact an such important role and the negative reactions of smaller neighbouring countries? This paper seeks to answer these questions by using role theory to analyze Brazil's behavior as a regional leader in two crises: the 1995 Cenepa War and the 2006 Bolivian Gas Crisis. The comparison between the two cases provides insights both on the difficulties of implementing the role of regional leader, and on the role of smaller states in influencing the regional leader identity and performance. Our hypothesis is that the role of leader is achieved only in an interactional manner, with its attributions and characteristics being contingent to the reactions of small countries. These countries altercast identities with the leader in order to obtain gains, but at the same time they secure the position of the leader in the area. Therefore, small powers have the capability of projecting specific leadership roles in order to extract gains from interactions with leaders. We call these projections "positive and negative altercastings".


After the introduction of imatinib there has been a major innovation in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) management that renders a duration of life comparable to that of the normal population, particularly in patients with chronic‐phase CML (CP‐CML), with a remarkable reduction in CML‐related death rates in the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In long‐term follow‐up, randomized phase 3 clinical trials in patients newly diagnosed with CP‐CML comparing imatinib with dasatinib, nilotinib, and bosutinib (second‐generation TKIs [2G‐TKIs]) (DASISION, ENESTnd, and BFORE) did not reveal significant differences in overall survival. Nevertheless, 2G‐TKIs induce faster and deeper molecular responses when compared to imatinib, with less progression to advanced‐phase disease; thus, these drugs are recommended to be preferably used in patients with intermediate/high‐ risk Sokal or European Treatment and Outcome Study long‐term survival (ELTS) scores. In addition, because 2G‐TKIs are more likely to provide rapid and deep molecular responses (DMRs), patients have a higher chance of achieving treatment‐free remission (TFR). This allows safe discontinuation of treatment, particularly in younger patients, especially for fertility purposes. On the other hand, imatinib is still the preferred frontline therapy in elderly patients with CP‐ CML with multiple comorbidities, especially in those with cardiovascular diseases. Thus, as recommended by the guidelines, the selection of frontline TKI therapy in a given patient is recommended to be mainly based on the risk score, the age of the patient, the toxicity profile of the TKI, and the presence of comorbid conditions. In this issue of Cancer, Tiribelli et al. publish their results of a retrospective multicenter study on the choice of frontline TKI therapy in 1967 patients with CP‐CML diagnosed between 2012 and 2019. The purpose of their study was to determine the correlation of TKI choice with the clinical and demographic features of patients. Among 1089 evaluable patients, 55.4% were administered imatinib therapy whereas 28.2% and 16.2% of patients received dasatinib and nilotinib, respectively, and four patients were treated with bosutinib as a frontline therapy. The authors also state that even at present, among 2G‐TKIs, only dasatinib and nilotinib are approved for frontline therapy in Italy. According to this study, some clinical and demographic features of the patients guided physicians in frontline TKI selection, generally in concordance with the recommendations. Even though the actual causes of TKI dose reduction were not stated in the article, median age was significantly higher in patients receiving a reduced daily TKI dose. In their study, Tiribelli and colleagues demonstrate that 13.6% (148 patients out of 1089), 3.9% (22 patients out of 555), and 6.9% (22 patients out of 319) of patients treated with imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib, respectively, had received a TKI dose less than the recommended daily dose for the frontline setting. In a retrospective study consisting of 70 patients newly diagnosed with CP‐CML, the potency of nilotinib in the frontline setting was investigated. With a median follow‐up period of 3.4 years, the results revealed that doses lower than 600 mg per day were associated with better safety and efficacy compared to the standard dose of nilotinib, which is 300 mg twice daily. A single‐arm study published by Naqvi et al. revealed similar efficacy and better tolerability with a 50‐mg daily dasatinib dose compared to the dasatinib arm of the DASISION trial, where dasatinib was given at a daily dose of 100 mg. Six months after the initiation of 50 mg of dasatinib, complete cytogenetic response was documented in nearly the entire study population, and major molecular response (MMR) and MR4.5 (BCR::ABL1 ≤ 0.0032% IS) rates at 12 months were 79% and 46%, respectively. Long‐term results of the same study continued to demonstrate favorable outcomes with a median follow‐up of 24 months, even though longer follow‐ up is still needed in order to confirm these findings. Twenty‐one patients required treatment interruption, of which five (6% of the study population) experienced pleural effusion (PE) of grade 2 or 3. Of these five patients, dasatinib dose reduction to 40 and 20 mg was performed in three and one patients, respectively. These results were favorable when compared to the dasatinib arm of the DASISION trial, where 28% of the patients experienced PE, and among these patients, dose interruption and reduction were required in 62% and 41% of the cases, respectively. In support of these findings, the initiation of bosutinib was suggested at the lower dose of 200–300 mg once daily in patients newly diagnosed with CP‐CML with low Sokal risk by subsequently increasing the dose as soon as possible by 100 mg daily every 1– 2 weeks to optimize efficacy until the patient reaches either the standard 400‐mg daily dose or their maximum tolerated dose. On the other hand, it was recommended to start the standard daily dose only in patients with high‐risk disease. Although the initiation of 2G‐TKIs at lower doses and dose reduction (including imatinib) with close monitoring in patients who


Digital healthcare services have seen significant growth in this decade and many new technologies have been thoroughly examined to provide efficient services through secure infrastructures. The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) revitalizes a healthcare infrastructure by creating an interconnected, intelligent, accessible, and efficient network. While there have been many studies on possible device authentication techniques for the IoMT, there is still much work to be done in user authentication to provide sustainable IoT solutions. Graphical passwords, which use visual content such as images instead of traditional text-based passwords, can help users authenticate themselves. However, current schemes have limitations. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel graphical authentication scheme that uses multiple factors to register and authenticate users using simple arithmetic operations, machine learning for hand gesture recognition, and medical images for recall purposes. The proposed method is designed to keep the authentication process simple, memorable, and robust. To evaluate the proposed scheme, we use the Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ) to compare it with PIN-based and pattern-based authentication techniques. While comparing treatment and comparison groups, system quality showed a 16.7% better score, information quality a 25% increase, interface quality a 40% increase, and overall quality showed a 25% increase. The proposed method successfully revitalizes the use of graphical passwords, specifically in the field of IoMT, by developing a user-friendly, satisfying, and robust authentication scheme.


The pharmacodynamics experiment in animals was performed for studying the mechanism which disseminated in- travascular coagulation(DIC)is prevented and cured,the damages of organs were reduced with the pure Chinese herbal medicine preparation-Maodanhuang(MDH).DIC rabbits were produced with endotoxin O_(127)B_6.Experimental group treated with MDH(2.0g/Kg)through gastric feeding.Rabbit serum samples were take intracardially once before and af- ter endotoxin attacking,platelet,prothrombin time,ratio of Kaolin partial prothromboplastin time(KPTT)and fibrinogen (Fg)test of plasma protamine paracoagulation,test of thrombosis in vitro,concentration of LPO,activity of SOD(in- cluding pathological changes of partial organs)were detected respectively.The results showed that MDH could protect rabbit of DIC,raise the activity of SOD,decrease the concentration of LPO(P0.05~0.001),reduce tissue injury effectively.The study provided the theoretical evidences that this herb has the effect of promoting blood circulation to re- move blood stasis,clearing away heat and toxic substance.


The number of primary and secondary branches,pattern of horizontal and vertical distribution of branches on trunks and changes of branch angle,were studied among 30 saplings of Koyama Spruce( Picea koraiensis Nakai) on 3 greening samples in Baicheng City.Results showed that the number of primary and secondary branches of unit crown length of Koyama Spruce( Picea koraiensis Nakai) saplings is in negative correlation with the increase of tree age; there is 3 to 5 primary branches within a whirling branch of different age and similar trend on vertical distribution of primary branches appearing in the saplings on these 3 greening samples; in the Koyama Spruce( Picea koraiensis Nakai) population around the Art Building of Baicheng Normal College are most of the secondary branches,of which the number decreases with the increase of whirling branch number,distributes on the fourth and fifth layer of whirling branches on saplings; most of the secondary branches distribute from the second to the fourth layer of whirling branches on saplings of the Koyama Spruce( Picea koraiensis Nakai) population in west of Baicheng Overpass.According to the X2-test,the horizontal distributing pattern of primary and secondary branches is uniform distribution; there is significant linear relationship between the primary branch angle and the depth into crown( DINC) and there are not obvious changes on the primary branch angle within one same tree.


A geophysical and geochemical preliminar research has been carried out in the active caldera of Poas volcano during 1980-82. The water of the intra-caldera lake has a very strong acidity (pH <1) due to the high content of Cl-and SO 4 -2 . The concentration of metal cations is considerably high as well. Temperature calculated (T = 229°C), by means of chemical geothermometer for the mixing of phreatic waters with hot fluids, are in the range of those detected in geothermal systems associated to andesitic rocks. The temperature increase from 92°C (December, 1980) to 960°C (March-November, 1981) in the N-E section of the lava dome seems to be related to the fracturing (probably connected to the seismic crisis of July, 1980) of the upper plug of the cooling magma body at depth. This mechanism induced the exolution of relatively high temperature gaseous phases from below. Near surface oxidation phenomena might have been effective, thus contributing to increase the temperature of gases. Magnetic measurements confirm that the temperature increase was superficial and confined within a small area surrounding the central dome. In the light of the data hereby presented we suggest that the local temperature increase (from 92°C to 960°C) does not have any implication with magma ascent.


Confronting users with a highly limited search functionality is one of the biggest deficits of almost any of today's imaging systems. In most cases, these mechanisms are reduced to Boolean retrieval based on manually ascribed index terms and/or pure ASCII conversions that are done by means of OCR software. Associative and intuitive searches on the other hand are not supported by these systems up to now. As a solution we propose a system that provides for a hypertext-like way of navigation within document facsimiles. Because a manual hypertext conversion of documents does not make sense, as imaging systems generally aim at a reduction of manual effort, this conversion should be done automatically. In this paper we will describe a system that is able to convert a software manual into the desired format, making use of the wealth of layout information, and how the results of this conversion are presented to the user.


ABSTRACT Several studies on tropical cyclone genesis potential index (GPI) mainly using atmospheric parameters (relative/absolute vorticity, relative humidity, vertical wind shear, potential instability, vertical velocity etc.) have been reported earlier. Though the ocean plays a vital role in the genesis and intensification of cyclones, no ocean parameter has been included in most of the studies. In this study, we have made an attempt to develop a new GPI for Bay of Bengal during peak post-monsoon (October-November) season including upper ocean heat content (UOHC) using the data for the period 1995–2015. It is found that the new GPI is better correlated with the total number of depressions, cyclones and severe cyclones (TNDC) compared with the existing GPI which was developed for the north Indian Ocean and presently used by India Meteorological Department (IMD), New Delhi. The correlation has significantly enhanced (r=0.86:significant at >99% level) by using the first differences [year(0) –year(−1)] of the time series data. Since, the new GPI which considers atmosphere and ocean (UOHC) parameters, it appears to be more suitable for Bay of Bengal during the peak post-monsoon season.


Clinker burning process has a decisive influence on energy consumption and the cost of cement production. A new problem is to use the process of decarbonization of alternative fuels from waste. These issues are particularly important in the introduction of a two-stage combustion of fuel in a rotary kiln without the typical reactor-decarbonizator. This work presents results of numerical studies on thermal-hydraulic phenomena in the riser chamber, which will be designed to burn fuel in the system where combustion air is supplied separately from the clinker cooler. The mathematical model is based on a combination of two methods of motion description: Euler description for the gas phase and Lagrange description for particles. Heat transfer between particles of raw material and gas was added to the numerical calculations. The main aim of the research was finding the correct fractional distribution of particles. For assumed particle distribution on the first stage of work, authors noted that all particles were carried away by the upper outlet to the preheater tower, what is not corresponding to the results of experimental studies. The obtained results of calculations can be the basis for further optimization of the design and operating conditions in the riser chamber with the implementation of the system.


Ability group system (AGS) can be understood as grouping students according to their academic abilities. There are pros and cons of the ability group implementation in schools. However, this system is still practised in modern national educational systems. The present study explored the impact of students' socioeconomic status (SES) and the AGS implementation on selected primary students' academic achievement. The research utilised the qualitative method and followed a case study design confined to a selected primary school that implemented the ability group system in their teaching and learning process. A total of 12 informants were selected using the purposive sampling technique. The sample consisted of four teachers with experience adopting ability groups in the teaching and learning process and eight parents who have children in different ability level classes. Data was obtained using semi-structured interviews, non-participant classroom observation, and document analysis. The findings demonstrate that SES background and AGS could impact students' academic performance.  Therefore, this study suggested that the improving of group ability implementation in schools is crucial, such as teaching method and strategies that teacher use in different level of group ability should be improved. Also schools should provide a sufficient training for teacher to implement group ability system.


This study is conducted at Iskandar Regional Development Authority Sdn. Bhd. commonly known as Iskandar Malaysia. The main objective of this project paper is to identify the influence of dimension of political skill toward stakeholders" satisfaction. The independent variables of this study consist of four dimensions under political skill which are social astuteness, networking ability, interpersonal influence and apparent sincerity. While, the dependent variable of this study is stakeholders' satisfaction.

The researcher has adopted the descriptive research on the issue. Then, the researcher's sampling design is non-probability sampling which is convenience and purposive sampling method with 85 questionnaires were distributed to employees at different department in this organization. Data were collected and evidences are being processed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) program and Partially Least Square (PLS). The analysis includes the composite reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, frequency distribution and descriptive analysis.
Based on the findings, the result shows that, the hypothesis testing display only interpersonal influence and apparent sincerity are accepted, while the other two hypotheses concerning social astuteness and networking ability are rejected. In conclusion, it shows that individual who adopts political skill in their workplace will ultimately increase their performances and stakeholders' satisfaction.


The author analyzes the structural features of compound words used in the language of the Ukrainian press of the XXI st century, pays special attention to revealing the origin of compound nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, also conducts a quantitative analysis, ascertains that compound nouns form the largest group, and adjectives – the less one, and mentions that polystemic verbs and adverbs form periphery.


Conventional techniques applied to three dimensional (3D) acquisition of information has significant limitations depending on the features of the piece under test. Thus, complex curvatures, deeper concavities and higher volumes are some examples of critical factors in which contact digitising systems are not suitable to undertake such kind of task. In these cases, the usage of optical 3D digitization systems implies a more appropriate way to obtain 3D information about the sample. In particular, structured illumination by means of white light provides point-to-point object acquisition with accuracy and resolution that are always below the manufactured tolerances. Moreover, when the object under test is too large, structured illumination can be mixed with photogrammetrical techniques in order to avoid errors by means of the delimitation of the overall working volume. This proceeding presents several real cases applied to mould industry in which 3D shape measurement using white light structured illumination is combined with finite element method (FEM) and laser cladding techniques to allow the repair of the mould.


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We address the state reachability problem in FSMs, which is the problem of determining if one set of states can reach another. State reachability has broad applications in formal verification, synthesis, and testing of synchronous circuits. This work attacks this problem by making a series of underand over-approximations to the state transition graph, using the overapproximations to guide the search in the under-approximations for a potential path from one state set to the other. Central to this method is an algorithm to approximate a Boolean function by another function having a smaller HDD. 'Supported by an SRC Fellowship


In this paper, bulk-quantity tin-doped indium oxide nanowires were successfully synthesized by direct thermal evaporation of a mixture of In and SnO powders in air at 920°C. Such nanowires have a uniform shape and single crystalline cubic bixbite structure, with the diameters varying from 100 to 200 nm and lengths in the range of tens to hundreds of micrometres. The growth process of these ternary oxide nanowires can be interpreted by a self-catalytic vapour–liquid–solid growth mechanism. This approach to synthesizing ternary oxides should be readily extensible to preparing other multinary oxide nanowires, such as Cd2SnO4, Zn–Sn–In–O, Ga–In–Sn–O, Cd–In–Sn–O and Zn–Sn–Cd–O nanowires or nanobelts.


Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common progressive movement disorder, with increasing age being the greatest risk factor for its development. PD is hallmarked by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons, with reductions in striatal dopamine levels resulting in the characteristic motor impairments. Another characteristic of PD is alpha-synuclein containing inclusion bodies in the surviving neurons in different areas of the central and peripheral nervous system There are two forms of PD; familial and sporadic. The familial form is caused by genetic aberrations, but the causes of sporadic PD onset remain unknown. However, some progress has been made in the search for potential causes and it is thought that it probably has multifactorial origins, with contributions from genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and aging. The early involvement of the gastrointestinal tract in PD supports the hypothesis that environmental factors could exert its influence on PD development and progression via the gut. This thesis provides evidence for the occurrence of motor symptoms and GI dysfunction in two separate rotenone-induced PD mouse models. The models suggest a bidirectional gut-brain communication involved in the genesis of PD-like phenotype where TLR4-mediated gut inflammation and changes in microbiota composition may play an important role. A nutritional intervention containing phospholipid precursors, cofactors, and prebiotic fibers has been proven effective in the treatment after disease induction of motor and non-motor symptoms in the rotenone model. Moreover, the diet shows an additive effect to levodopa, the most commonly used drug in the treatment of PD. Hence, this specific diet may result in a beneficial treatment for PD when combined with the oral levodopa treatment. Combined, the findings in this thesis create more insight into the pathophysiological relevance of gut-brain interactions in PD and demonstrate that the nutritional intervention may be beneficial in the prevention but also the management of the disease.


In this paper, we consider a gateway channel, in which multiple source nodes serve their destination nodes with an aid of a single relay node, and propose power allocation schemes at the relay node to maximize the sum rate. After receiving the signals from the source nodes, the relay node broadcasts the decoded messages to the destination nodes, using zero-forcing beamforming and a proper power allocation. For the power allocation, the relay node should consider not only the channel conditions to the destination nodes, but also the message rates from the source nodes, which are the destination nodes' maximum achievable rates. To develop an efficient power allocation strategy with quantized channel state information (CSI), we first assume perfect CSI at the relay node and find the optimal power allocation scheme named as ceiled waterfilling. Then, we modify the ceiled waterfilling taking into account the effects of the quantization errors and develop an iterative power allocation algorithm with quantized CSI. Our numerical results show that our proposed power allocation scheme considerably increases the sum rate with respect to the naive equal power allocation at the relay node in the gateway channel for all limited feedback scenarios.


ABSTRACT The process for developing national emergency management strategies for both the United States and the United Kingdom has led to the formulation of differing approaches to meet similar desired outcomes. Historically, the pathways for each are the result of the enactment of legislation in response to a significant event or a series of events. The resulting laws attempt to revise practices and policies leading to more effective and efficient management in preparing, responding, and mitigating all types of natural, manmade, and technological hazards. Following the turn of the 21st century, each country has experienced significant advancements in emergency management including the formation and utilization of 2 distinct models: health care coalitions in the United States and resiliency forums in the United Kingdom. Both models have evolved from circumstances and governance unique to each country. Further in-depth study of both approaches will identify strengths, weaknesses, and existing gaps to meet continued and future challenges of our respective disaster health care systems. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:161–164)


We discuss simplified formulations for the electrical conductivity [1] and compare them with experimental results of various expanded metals recently published [2]. We use formulations designed for fully ionized hydrogen in a broader range of non‐fully ionized materials of various atomic number through the use of an effective coupling parameter based on estimations of the ionization. The ionizations are deduced from average‐atom calculations and compared with faster Thomas‐Fermi‐Dirac estimations. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Robot assisted surgery may have a huge role in providing treatments and guaranteeing safety of doctors and patients. However, surgical robots need accurate models and proper control strategies in order to perform the desired procedure safely and satisfy possible constraints, such as Remote Center of Motion. Generally, traditional rigid manipulators are used along with surgical robotic tools to augment the redundancies of the system and better solve constrained motion tasks. Here, we propose an adaptive modelling approach to build the forward kinematics of a surgical robot and a controller using the learned model in conjunction with a model of a serial-link manipulator, capable of ensuring accurate and correct task execution, while satisfying additional constraints. Simulated tests show the capabilities of our method of guaranteeing accurate execution both in case of full autonomy and in teleoperation, also with unpredicted changes in the robot model.


The relation between imperialism and democracy has been debated for over 2500 years, from fifth century Athens to the USA in recent decades with the wars launched in futile efforts to stave off a decline in imperial domination. In the contemporary era of neo-liberal empire-building some critics of imperialism claim to find a fundamental incompatibility between the two, citing the growing police state measures accompanying colonial wars, such as Clinton's anti-terrorist laws, Bush's ''Patriot Act'' and Obama's ordering the extra-judicial assassination of overseas US citizens. Washington's imperial ''humanitarian interventions'' in Iraq, Afghanistan and Libya take little notice of democratic procedures. Others, like Wood (1995), view imperialism and democracy as entirely compatible in the context of globalising capitalist development. Imperialism is described as the bearer of capitalism, and democracy is seen as a convenient ideological cover that provides the agents of imperialism with the means of justifying their interventions and other projections of imperial power. According to this view the electoral process functions to disguise the imperial agenda which is to advance the geopolitical and economic interests of capital. According to this view imperialism works against ''true democracy.'' In the past, many theorists of imperialism of diverse ideological and political persuasions, ranging from the liberal sociologist Max Weber to Marxist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin, argued that imperialism served to unify the country in reducing internal class polarisation and creating a broad spectrum of support for the governing regime – support that includes a stratum of workers who actively supported and voted for imperial parties, either out of false consciousness or because they were economic beneficiaries of imperialist exploitation. In this connection, a cursory historical survey of the conditions under which imperialism and democratic


The Agulhas Retroflection Current system is analyzed in two ocean general circulation models, U.K. Fine Resolution Antarctic Model (FRAM) and U.S. Parallel Ocean Program (POP). It is shown that both models have two quasizonal jets, a northerly westward flowing jet (Agulhas Current) and a more southerly eastward flowing jet (Agulhas Return Current), which act as the entrance and exits of the Retroflection region, respectively. An instability analysis has been performed on both jets, and the unstable waves are shown to be baroclinicly unstable. It is shown that this instability process is well resolved in the POP model but is poorly resolved in FRAM. An energy analysis of POP shows that both barotropic and baroclinic instability processes play a major role in the current systems, with the former process concentrated in the surface layers between the two currents, and the latter process occurring below the two currents. In FRAM a regional energy budget suggests that barotropic instability is the main mechanism by which the eddies are generated, and a meridional cross-sectional analysis shows that this occurs principally on the northern edge of the Agulhas Return Current.


BACKGROUND
Current international guidelines recommend the commencement of effective eradication therapy as soon as active Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is confirmed. At our institution, all positive Campylobacter-like Organism (CLO) test results were automatically communicated to general practitioners (GPs) via a standardised letter, which also advised the commencement of eradication therapy. Despite this endeavour, a clinical audit conducted in 2011 demonstrated that only 66 per cent of confirmed H. pylori-positive South Auckland patients received eradication treatment and only 83 per cent of these patients received treatment within one month.

AIMS
Improve the timely initiation of H. pylori eradication therapy through direct patient notification.

METHOD
A prospective clinical audit of 109 consecutive outpatients with a positive CLO test identified at gastroscopy. In addition to standard general practitioner notification, patients were also directly notified of their positive CLO test result via a standardised letter, which provided information about H. pylori and its disease associations as well as advising patients to seek consultation with their GP to commence eradication therapy. Dispensing data was examined using Test Safe electronic records to determine the total uptake and timing of treatment compared to data from a preliminary 2011 audit.

RESULTS
Ninety-five per cent of H. pylori-positive patients received standard triple therapy; therefore, treatment of active H. pylori infection was significantly higher when patients were directly notified in addition to standard GP notification, when compared to GP notification alone (95 per cent vs 66 per cent, p<0.001). All patients who received eradication therapy did so within one month of notification, a significant improvement compared to data from the previous audit in 2011 (100 per cent vs. 83 per cent, p<0.001).

CONCLUSION
Direct patient notification using a standardised letter is a simple and economical strategy that significantly improves the timely initiation of eradication therapy for active H. pylori infection. This has since been integrated into standard practice at our District Health Board (DHB).


Considerable attention has been given to physical design elements of the Learning Commons as many universities seek to create more student-centred environments. However less attention has been paid to the development of sustainable staffing models that underpin the Learning Commons. In addition to describing the Learning Commons journey, this paper outlines the planning, implementation and evaluation processes employed in developing a service and staffing model at Victoria University (VU).
A multi-tiered service model was developed involving the three collaboration partners: Library, Teaching & Learning Support and Information Technology Services. The paper describes the roles and capabilities that each group brings to the shared environment of the Learning Commons in a multi-campus institution.
The VU experience is differentiated by a strong focus on learning. To improve engagement with students and to capitalise on peer mentoring theory, a Student Rover program was developed and piloted. Student Rovers provide first-tier support to students in the Learning Commons environment. They also assist their peers through referrals to more experienced discipline specialists as well as contributing to a culture of learning.
The paper highlights learning outcomes in the evolution of a Learning Commons philosophy to underpin the mission of an innovative and dynamic university.


PURPOSE: To obtain an antiinflammatory gel composition containing piroxicam. CONSTITUTION: This antiinflammatory composition contains an antiinflammatory effective amount of piroxicam tetrahydroxypropylethylenediamine in an amount enough to solubilize piroxicam in the composition, a 2-6C alkylene glycol in an amount enough to reduce viscosity and to provide wettability, 0.2-2% of a carbomer, 30-60% of a 2-4C alkanol and water in an amount to make the whole amount 100%. The composition may be added with hydroxypropyl cellulose. COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO


1. Yates S, Sarode R. Is platelet transfusion necessary in cirrhotic patients with splenomegaly? Liver Int 2014; 34: 164–5. 2. Tripodi A, Primignani M, Chantarangkul V, et al. Global hemostasis tests in patients with cirrhosis before and after prophylactic platelet transfusion. Liver Int 2013; 33: 362–7. 3. Rockey DC, Caldwell SH, Goodman ZD, Nelson RC, Smith AD. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Liver biopsy. Hepatology 2009; 49: 1017–44. 4. Afdhal NH, Giannini EG, Tayyab G, et al.; ELEVATE Study Group. Eltrombopag before procedures in patients with cirrhosis and thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med 2012; 367: 716–24. 5. Tripodi A, Primignani M. Non-transfusional approach to increase platelet count in patients with cirrhosis and thrombocytopenia. Hepatology. 2013; 58: 1177–80. 6. Tripodi A, Mannucci PM. Mechanisms of disease. The coagulopathy of chronic liver disease. New Engl J Med 2011; 365: 147–56. 7. Lisman T, Bongers TN, Adelmeijer J, et al. Elevated levels of von Willebrand factor in cirrhosis support platelet adhesion despite reduced functional capacity. Hepatology 2006; 44: 53–61.


Despite increased academic interest in the field of migration studies after the end of the Cold War, to a large extent the migration dynamics in CEE seem to have remained unexplored thus far. In the case of Bulgaria, researchers have described its quick transformation from a closed society into an emigration country as well as the subsequent development towards the simultaneous existence of emigration, immigration and transit migration. While immigration has remained rather insignificant in quantitative terms, however, emigration has turned into an increasing challenge throughout the new millennium. According to the National Statistic Institute (NSI) the Bulgarian total population has decreased by 13 % since 1990. This remarkable decline has been caused by both the natural demographic deficit within the country, and ongoing emigration. However, estimations on the volume of the latter have remained unreliable as they only consider citizens who have explicitly moved their domicile abroad. These figures thus ignore not only the irregular nature of migration flows, but probably a majority of emigrants on the whole.


Cross-linguistic typological observations and theoretical models in phonology suggest that certain speech sound distinctions are more complex then others. An example is the case of the opposition between mid-high and mid-low vowels, usually thought to be more complex than the opposition between high and mid vowels. The present study provides experimental evidence on speech sound perception that supports that notion. Native Brazilian Portuguese speakers performed vowel classification tasks involving either the distinction between the front high mid /e/ and the front high /i/, or the distinction between the front high mid /e/ and the front low mid /ɛ/ vowel. Measures of response time and discriminability (d') at the vowel category boundaries were obtained. Participants showed significantly slower responses and lower d' values in the "e-ɛ" as compared to the "i-e" classification task. Results indicate that perceptually distinguishing /e/ from /ɛ/ requires more processing time and resources, and involves more complex information than distinguishing /e/ from /i/.


An adaptive antenna array system large enough to obtain angular resolving power comparable to common optical systems is called a radio camera. Following an adaptive beam forming procedure the beam is open-loop scanned to get the desired images. Multipath and scattering of the energy reradiated from the target induce phase-front distortions. A theory has been developed showing that the loss in array gain due to the scattered field can be described by a simple relationship involving only two quantities: the strength S of the scattered field relative to the direct field and a spatial correlation function \rho(\theta) associated with the scattering process. The argument \theta is the scanning angle. The array gain is G(\theta) = G(0)S[1-\rho(\theta)] . A series of experiments has been conducted to test the assumptions underlying the development of the theory, which appears to vindicate them. The theory and experiments are described. The theory is then used to determine the degradation in radio camera scanning performance for several important cases of interference caused by reflections.


Objectives There is still controversy about the effect of vitamin D supplementation on osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation with Hyaluronic acid (HA) injection on OA. Methods We investigated serum vitamin D levels and oxidative stress (OS) in synovial fluid from patients with OA who underwent total knee arthroplasty (grade IV, n = 24) and HA injection (grade II and III, n = 40). The effects of HA injection with or without oral vitamin D supplementation on synovial fluid OS and knee pain and function were then further investigated. Finally, patients underwent HA injection were divided into two groups according to vitamin D levels (vitamin D < or > 30 ng/ml), and the efficacy of the two groups were compared. Results The results showed that the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) (P < 0.05) in the synovial fluid were lower in patients with stage IV OA than that in patients with stage II-III OA, while the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.05) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P < 0.01) were significantly higher. Moreover, we found that age, BMI and vitamin D levels were significantly associated with the levels of oxidants and/or antioxidants in synovial fluid, and that vitamin D was significantly negatively correlated with BMI (R = −0.3527, p = 0.0043). Supplementation of HA injections with vitamin D significantly reduced the OS status in synovial fluid, attenuated knee pain and improved knee function in OA patients with vitamin D insufficiency. Conclusion We conclude that maintenance of vitamin D sufficiency may be beneficial for the treatment of OA by improving OS in synovial fluid.


We herein review our studies on synthetic radical reactions using organotin compounds. The first section deals with homolytic allylstannylation of alkenes and alkynes, and the related reactions. In the presence of AIBN, certain allylstannanes react with electron-deficient alkenes and various alkynes to deliver both stannyl and allyl groups to the unsaturated bonds. This allylstannylation is tolerant to polar functionalities unlike a similar reaction catalyzed by a Lewis acid. In the second section, we introduce radical reactions of stannyl enolates. The enolates are valuable for alkylation of haloalkanes. The ability as radical transfer agent is successfully utilized for radical-based multi-component coupling and carbostannylation reactions. The third section describes highly regioand stereoselective hydrostannylation of alkynols and alkenols with Lewis acidic hydrostannanes. The stereochemical control can be rationalized by intramolecular coordination of the hydroxy group to the Lewis acidic stannyl group in the ƒÀ-stannylated carbon radical intermediate.


Urban flood risk assessment requires attention in inland areas with intensifying climate change and an increasing probability of extreme precipitation. This study describes the developments and testing of a sub-catchment-based multi-index fuzzy evaluation approach that can provide adaptation guidance for municipal decision-makers at a local level. We first built a comprehensive flood risk assessment system considering three categories: hazard, urban system, and social environment. The proposed evaluation system includes hybrid uncertain information that involves random indicator sources and hesitant fuzzy judgments from experts. The storm weather management model combined with geographic information system tools was then applied to obtain random indicators. Subsequently, hesitant fuzzy linguistic sets and the Euclidean distance method were adopted to solve the problem of uncertainty and vagueness from subjective hesitant information. Therefore, the aggregation method provides a beneficial way to assess flood risk in a hybrid uncertain environment. In addition, the proposed approach was applied to the Jinjiang district in an inland city in the P. R. of China. This supports efforts to prioritize locally tailored policies and practical measures for higher-risk sub-catchments within large urban systems.


Objective To observe the effect of non-ablative treatment combined intense pulse light (IPL) and Q switched Nd :YAG laser on hyperpigmented skin diseases. Methods Total 250 cases of Fitzpatrick skin types Ⅲ and Ⅳ with hyperpigmented skin disorders received 4 treatments with combined 560nm IPI. and 532 nm Q switched Nd :YAG laser. The interval between two treat-ments was I month. After 3 months the effect of IPL was observed. If it was not good, we used the Q switched Nd :YAG laser. Efficacy and adverse effects were evaluated 3-6 months after the final treat-ment. Results 3-6 months after the last treatment, 50%-70% of patients had their telangiectasia, enlarged pores, hyperpigmentation and wrinking of facial photoaging improved. The degree of im-provement was more than 60 %. Common side effects were minor blistering and erythema. Conclusion Combined IPI. and Q switched Nd :YAG laser treatment is an idea non-ablative therapy for telangi-ectasia, enlarged pores, hyperpigmentation and wrinking of facial photoaging in Fitzpatrick skin types Ⅲ and Ⅳ in Asian.

Key words:
Intense pulsed light; Q switched Nd : YAG laser; Hyperpigmented macule


Objective To establish a method for the content determination of vitamin E in compound vitamin E cream by HPLC.Methods Shim-pack VP-ODS C18 column was used,and the mobile phase consisted of methanol at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min.The detection wavelength was set at 284 nm.The column temperature was set at room temperature.Injection volume was 20 μl.Results The linear range of vitamin E was 0.068~0.340 mg/ml(r=1.000 0),with an average recovery of 102.3%,RSD=0.69%.Conclusion The method is simple,sensitive,and accurate for the quality control of compound vitamin E cream.


With the vehement market competition and the rapid development of economic globalization,supply chain management expedites its internationalization process.Under the new circumstance,supply chain has its new characteristics,so previous researches no longer apply.Therefore,it is necessary that we analyze the supply chain's new characteristics under internationalization,design a more applied contract and game mechanism,and build a frame model of corporation competition and cooperation.Furthermore,in order to assist the decision-making of corporation and government,we must study the forecast technique of the supply chain corporation relationships.


ABSTRACT The history of glacier length fluctuations serves as a reliable indicator of the past climate. In this paper, a numerical flowline model has been used to study the relationship between length variations of Chhota Shigri glacier and local climate since 1876. The simulated front positions of Chhota Shigri glacier are in agreement with those observed. After a successful simulation of the past retreat, the model was also used to predict future evolution of the glacier for the next 100 years under different climatic scenarios. These simulations indicate that the Chhota Shigri glacier may lose ~90% of its present volume by 2100 if the local temperature increases by 2.4 K, and for a temperature rise of 5.5 K, the glacier loses almost all its volume.


According to the usual sit posture,this paper recognized 8 kinds behavior of human based on sit posture using PCA.Firstly,detected the motion area by background contrast attenuation method.Then,considering the clustered skin area in a fixed region of YCbCr space which had ellipse-like projection in CbCr plane,extracted the skin area of motion object.Finally,realized the posture recognition by PCA on the grayscale image of skin.The experimental results show that the average accuracy of behavior recognizing is 84.92% and the proposed algorithm is reasonably robust in shadow and varying luminance.


Architecture as a technical practice was instituted in the Renaissance. It is mainly articulated in what we will call the 'semantic dimension.' We mean by this that any description or interpretation of either a whole building or parts of a building is made by linking physical 'indicators' to functional or expressive meanings." The functioning of the semantic dimension...indicates the fundamental role of the relationship between a building and an 'external' meaning 'residing' in that object whether it is an aesthetic, a functional, or a structural meaning."


The Sixth Annual Travel Review Conference, sponsored by the Travel and Tourism Research Association, U.S. Travel and Tourism Administration, and the U.S. Travel Data Center, was held February 5, 1992, in Arlington, Virginia. Proceedings were published and can be ordered from Executive Director, TTRA, PO Box 58066, Salt Lake City, UT 84158-0066.


Introduction: Listeria monocytogenes is an emerging foodborne pathogen and causative agent of listeriosis. It is one of the cause of spontaneous abortions and meningitis. The objective of the study was to determine the incidences of L. monocytogenes from human cases of spontaneous abortions or having a history of spontaneous abortions and meningitis. Materials and Methods: A total of 481 samples from humans having a history of spontaneous abortions and meningitis were analyzed. Isolation of the pathogen was attempted employing two step enrichment followed by plating on selective media. Characterization of the isolates was based on biochemical tests, haemolysis on blood agar, CAMP test, phosphatidyl inositolspecific phospholipase C assay, multiplex PCR to detect virulence-associated genes (hlyA, actA and iap) and serotyping by conventional and PCR based method. Results: Of the 481 samples analysed, 7 (1.45%) samples from abortion cases were found positive, while no CSF sample from meningitis cases was positive for L. monocytogenes. All the isolates showed in-vitro virulence characteristics such as hemolysis on 5% sheep blood agar, positive CAMP test and showed hallow formation on ALOA medium. All the isolates showed the presence of the hly, actA and iap genes. Conventional serotyping as well as PCR based serotyping revealed the isolates to be of 4b, 1/2b and 4e serotypes. Antibiotic sensitivity assay showed that the isolates were sensitive to trimethoprim, however, the isolates were least sensitive to meropenem. Conclusions: The study highlights the incidence of L. monocytogenes in humans with spontaneous abortions.


This paper is aimed at eliminating the problems resulting from the construction of Xin' an coal mine in the coal-bearing strata classified as the Mesozoic strata.These problems come from the complex geological structure and high stress occurring in depths of 1 000 m;the roof and floor of coal seams dominated by argillaceous rock containing swelling mineral;the surrounding rocks in loose and broken form and of lower intensity;and many destruction phenomena of non-linearity large deformation failure typical of the occurrence of serious floor heave,siding wall shrink and roof sinking due to excavation.The paper underscores an analysis of the features and causes of large deformation failure of soft rock return air roadway,using multidisciplinary theories,such as engineering geology,soft rock engineering mechanics,and clay mineralogy,coupled with many methods including engineering geomechanics analysis,indoor experimental research,and theoretical analysis.The study finds that the geological environment to which deep soft rock roadways are exposed and the characteristics of surrounding rocks objectively result in nonlinearity large deformation failure;the limitation of common support subjectively results in large deformation failure.Out of these arises the necessity of adopting an effective support pattern to achieve the coupling of surrounding rock and support body in intensity,stiffness,and structural deformation,to control the deformation,and to ensure the safety of the roadway.The finding may provide theoretical foundation and guidance for the next support design in Xin' an coal mine.


Most commonly tubercular Infection of the breast occur through lymphatic, it may spread also through direct spread from contiguous structures. Haematogenous route is rare, usually seen In immunocompromised patients [2]. Mammary tuberculosis is not uncommon disease in our country. There is very high incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the subcontinent as a result different forms of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis are also comparatively high in this region [3]. Careful history taking and physical examination along with FNAC will lead to the diagnosis [4].


The main reason for the appearance of prisoners of war in Karelia during the World War I is associated with the implementation of large construction projects. The total number of prisoners of war was established based on archival sources. It was prepared special statistical samples. On the basis of them it was established the ethnic picture of the contingent of prisoners, as well as their nationality. It was found that the prisoners of war temporarily affected the current demographic situation in the region because in a separate territory of Karelia their number exceeded the number of the local male population. The problem of interaction with the local population is considered from several positions. The prisoners lived in peasant houses and had the opportunity to buy food from peasant shops. There were cases of prisoners marrying local women. The prisoners living in Petrozavodsk became part of the city's everyday life by the end of the war. Their civilian qualifications were in high demand among local residents.


The effect of the cooling rate on in-plane and interlaminar properties of carbon fiber/semicrystalline PEEK matrix composites was studied. Strengths and moduli were measured in tension, flexure, and interlaminar shear, all of which were shown to correlate, to different degrees, with the fiber–matrix interface adhesion and the bulk matrix properties. The in-plane and interlaminar properties, in general, increased with a decreasing cooling rate, which was attributed to changes in the failure mechanism from adhesive failure involving fiber–matrix interface debonding at high cooling rates to matrix-dominant cohesive failure at low cooling rates. The present study demonstrates that the mechanical properties of semicrystalline thermoplastic composites can be tailored for desired applications by controlling the processing conditions, especially the cooling rate. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1155–1167, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10406


Objective To estimate HIV epidemic trend in next five years with the HIV related data and estimation of year 2009 in Jilin province and to provide evidence for HIV prevention and control.Methods HIV related data were collected from sentinel surveillance database,case report and epidemiological survey results in Jilin province.The prediction of future HIV epidemics and infection trend was performed with an Asia HIV epidemic model.Results It was estimated that the numbers of cumulative,live and new HIV infected cases were 3 908,3 643 and 928 in adults(≥15 years old) by the end of 2009 since the first HIV infection case confirmed in 1993 in Jilin province.The prevalence rate of HIV was 0.026%.Among the current 3 643 HIV infection cases,1 851(50.8%),1391(38.2%),309(8.5%) and 92(2.5%) HIV infected persons were men who have sex with men(MSM),clients of female sex workers(FSWs),injection drug users(IDUs) and female sex workers,respectively.HIV epidemic trend of current cases will be rising in the next five years in Jilin province.The major increase of HIV infection cases will come from MSM.The rising trend among IDUs will gradually slow down.The HIV infection among FSWs and their clients will maintain at a low level.The implementation of active interventions can prevent 2 151 HIV infection cases.Conclusion The HIV epidemic was still at a lower level in Jilin province in 2009.MSM,FSWs and their clients are the population that needs to be focused for intervention in the future.


Small, run of the river hydropower (SHP) has the potential to help provide rural regions in developing countries with access to power. Satellite rainfall products can be used in these often data sparse regions to drive a series of linked models to determine locations feasible SHP sites. However, the inherent uncertainty in satellite rainfall products are a significant source of error, and this must be quantified. Additionally, there is a trade-off between the benefits of power produced from SHP and the cumulative environmental impacts they may produce when multiple are implemented across a basin, and it is important to assess this trade off.

The first part of this study calculates the uncertainty in predictions of SHP potential due to satellite rainfall uncertainty across a data sparse catchment. Comparisons of predicted power and its uncertainty are then made at locations where known SHP sites are located, to evaluate the model’s usefulness. The second part of the study involves assessing the trade-off between the cumulative power output and cumulative environmental impact of a range of SHP portfolios, to assess at which locations it is best to construct in order to maximise power output benefits and minimise negative environmental impacts.

A calibrated, linked VIC–LISFLOOD hydrodynamic model driven by different satellite derived rainfall datasets was constructed at 5km resolution on the Pungwe Basin in Mozambique / Zimbabwe. The VIC model was calibrated to a single available GRDC gauging station. A LISFLOOD-FP hydraulic model with sub grid channel representation of small rivers was created from the HYDROSHEDs network, river widths extracted from multiple databases, hydraulic geometry relationships for bed depth, and MERIT DEM. Modelled flow from the 5km VIC cells were routed into each 90m LISFLOOD-FP river pixel. Power Duration Curves were then derived for each river pixel across the basin, and the modelled power predictions were evaluated using six known SHP sites in the upper reaches of the basin. Geostatistical techniques were then applied to generate ensembles of satellite rainfall realisations, which were propagated through the model chain, in order to establish the uncertainty in the modelled power.

Broad assessment of environmental impact has been made based on impacts SHP impacts on river connectivity, with subsequent multi-objective optimisation to analyse the trade-offs between different portfolios based on cumulative power output and impact on river connectivity using the NSGAII algorithm, and thus suggest optimum locations.


Introduction. Choroidal melanoma is a rare form of cancer, with a total of 3-5% of the patients suffering from this type of disease. People who are more likely to suffer from the disease are of the white race, bright skin color and iris, as well as those with a genetic mutation BAP 1 and GNAQ. Studies indicate the micro-metastatic disease before the primary process is diagnosed. There is no effective therapy to prevent the development of metastases. In 90% of cases the metastases are in the liver. Metastases can occur any time after the diagnosis of melanoma, even after 40 years. The prognosis of metastatic disease is bad, the median of survival per year is 4 to 15 months. Case report. The patient had enucleation of the eye, when he was primarily treated for malignant melanoma of choroid in 2007. He also appeared regularly for checkups. Felt healthy. 9 years later, dizziness and instability occurred. After a seizure, on July 2016, echotomography and computed tomography diagnosed liver, brain metastases as well as changes in the right lung. Radio-oncology treatment deposits in the brain done with Gama knife, as well as systemic hemotherapy with Dacarbazine. Changes in the lung treated as a secondary deposit. Despite oncology and palliative treatment, the patient passed away 6 months after the diagnosis of the metastatic disease. Conclusion. It is important to point out the importance of early and accurate diagnosis and early treatment of malignant diseases. During the period of monitoring the patient, rare localizations of the metastases must be considered, as well as the possibility of their occurrence long time after the discovery of the primary malignancy. For this case report, the data obtained from extensive medical documentation was used, as well as several years of monitoring patients in Primary care.


Objectives : To assess the impact of different degrees of mechanization on yield and profitability of paddy. Methods/Statistical analysis : A total of 71 paddy farms were selected from Shimoga district of Karnataka in India and post stratified into less mechanized, moderately mechanized and highly mechanized based on number of operations mechanized. Primary data pertaining to labour, material inputs, output and their prices were elicited using interview schedule for 2016-17. Tabular presentation and budgeting techniques were used to estimate economics and energy use efficiency was computed using relevant ratios. Findings : The mechanization has resulted in cost reduction to the tune of 24.22% on HMF and 11.04% on MMF compared to LMF. The reduced dependence on human labour was around 47.93 percent on HMF and 28.50% on MMF compared to LMF. HMF and MMF realized additional yield of 4.96q and 2.33q, respectively over LMF. The percent rise in net returns was to the tune of 130.45% on HMF and 47.26% on MMF compared to LMF. HMF was found to be efficient and productive in terms of energy use in paddy cultivation compared to MMF and LMF. Application/Improvements: Government should promote mechanization through establishment of custom hiring centres in large numbers to enable marginal and small farmers to avail its benefit at affordable rates.


An antenna device comprising two antennas resonate at a common operating frequency. The apparatus comprising the output signal from each of the antennas are combined to provide a combined signal output circuit. Each antenna having a three-dimensional antenna structure and an electrically insulating member of a solid material having a relative dielectric constant greater than 5, the formed core. The structure comprises a core disposed on or near the surface of at least one pair of elongate conductive antenna member.


Measurements of the absolute intensity of the x-ray thermal scattering from sodium fluoride crystals have been made at a representative set of positions in reciprocal space. The distribution of scattered intensity can be interpreted to give the ionic form factor dependence on neighbouring ionic positions during thermal motion. The simplest interpretation is a fractional change of the form factor of a negative ion with relative displacement of a nearest-neighbour positive ion, increasing with the magnitude of the scattering vector K. The measurements also give transverse and longitudinal phonon dispersion curves for the [1,0,0], [1,1,0] and [1,1,1] directions. The errors in the frequencies are small except for a few higher-frequency phonons. The slopes of the dispersion curves at low wave vectors suggest that the differences between the first- and zero-sound velocities are less than 3%.


This article introduces one design concept of the Carnegie Project on the Education Doctorate's (2022) framework, which is the emphasis on students becoming scholarly practitioners. In addition, this article provides an overview of each article appearing in this issue.


Based on a W18O49 nanowire template, iron-substituted W18O49 nanowires and FeWO4 ferberite flowers have been generated by using mixed FeCl3 and WCl6 at different ratios in a simple solvo-thermal process employing cyclohexanol as the solvent. Detailed characterization by electron microscopy and spectroscopy has shown that increasing the FeCl3 concentration during solvo-thermal synthesis promotes a morphological evolution from the long one-dimensional nanowires of the precursor through short Fe-containing W18O49 nanowires and two-dimensional platelets to three-dimensional flowers with sixfold symmetry. The driving force for these transformations is attributed to Fe inclusion in the W18O49 template at low Fe concentrations, which introduces internal stresses to the W18O49 nanowires. At high Fe concentrations, close to the stoichiometric composition of FeWO4, the formation of the flower is triggered by the intrinsic sixfold symmetry of crystalline ferberite, via a combination of initial nanoblade nucleation a...


The aim of the study was monitoring of the occurrence of fungal diseases of maize in south-eastern Poland. The observations were made in 2010–2021 in two fields conducted in a long-term monoculture in the Krzeczowice and Nienadówka. The health analyses were performer on the San (FAO 240) and Ronaldinio (FAO 260) maize varieties. The following maize diseases have been found: common smut of maize (Ustilago maydis), corn head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana), eyespot (Kabatiela zeae), northern corn leaf spot (Helminthosporium spp.), common rust of maize (Puccinia sorghi), fusarium ear rot and fusarium stalk rot caused by fungi of the genus Fusarium. The most dangerous diseases are fusarium ear rot, fusarium stalk rot and common smut of maize. The most common fungal disease was eyespot. The appearance of these diseases was favored by some meteorological factors, such as hailstorm and pest feeding, especially frit fly, aphids, and European corn borer.


The results of surgical treatment of regional metastases in 174 patients with oropharyngeal cancer were analysed. From 1981 to 2000, functional neck dissection in 112 patients, radical neck dissection (Crile's operation) in 52 patients and lymphnode removal in 10 patients was carried out at N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center. After functional neck dissection, the 2-year disease free survival rate was 38,4 ± 4,6 %, the overall 2-year survival rate was 47,3 ±4,7 % and the overall 5-year survival rate was 38,4 ± 4,6 %. The 2-year disease free survival rate after radical neck dissection was 32,7 ± 6,5 %, the overall 2-year survival rate was 38,5 ± 6,8 %, and 5-year 28,9 ± 6,3 % (р>0,05).


Melting of separators, causing closure of separator pores, will result in a strong reduction in current flow. When this process is initiated at the appropriate time it can prevent thermal runaway of lithium batteries during electrical abuse. For this reason, a separator can act as an internal safety device. The effectiveness depends on a number of separator parameters such as melting temperature, rate of pore fusion, and dimensional stability temperature. Measurement of the electrical impedance of electrolyte-filled separators and separator combinations in the temperature range from room temperature to 200 o C can be used to determine these parameters


The African Union Development Agency (AUDA)-NEPAD Agency has a network of partners across Africa that could provide a perspective from the African Regional point of view. The AFR100 Secretariat works closely with country focal points and Regional Economic Communities (RECs) to provide specific details on what is happening on the ground with regards to FLR which would feed into discussions and value addition.


A literature review reveals that there is little research conducted on the measurement of volunteer motivation, education/training, recognition/reward, and their effect on behavioral intentions in the world-class exposition. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between antecedent factors and behavioral intentions of volunteers. In an effort to do this, a total of 150 samples who participated in 'Cosmetics & Beauty Expo, Osong Korea 2013' were collected and analyzed. A principal component factor analysis was first conducted to explore five motivations (i.e. expo involvement, self-esteem, social interaction, challenge/change, and career development), two education/training factors (i.e. educational operation and educational/training contents), and three recognition/reward factors (i.e. economic/management, psychology, and official). In particular, it is important to note that only expo involvement was the factor that explains altruistic motive, while other factors including self-esteem, social interaction, challenge/change, and career development were identified as self-oriented based egoistic motives. A multiple regression analysis was then employed to investigate that behavioral intentions of volunteers were positively influenced by expo involvement, self-esteem, social interaction, and educational operation. Results indicated that although antecedent factors were identified as important dimensions for volunteering, only specific factors significantly influence behavioral intentions, which partly supported the hypothesized relationships. Based on these results, this study provided practical implications and future research directions for effective volunteer management.


Temporal representation and reasoning are increasingly important in computer science and artificial intelligence with the development of ubiquitous computing, grid computing, and the Internet, where large amounts of information and many processes are available. The invited talks cover a unifying vie


Total internal reflection (TIR) of a pulsed light beam from vacuum incident upon an ideal non-absorbing plasma was investigated theoretically using the Fourier transform method. Because of the Goos–Hänchen effect, the reflected pulsed beam undergoes distortions such as carrier frequency shift and chirp. The distortions are magnified on condition that the pulsed beam is TM-polarized and illuminates the interface at large angle of incidence, which should be avoided for reflection of pulsed beam upon optical mirrors with metal film. Meanwhile, it is shown that the Goos–Hänchen shift and time delay of this TIR can be both positive and negative, which is consistent with the results obtained from stationary phase theory.


This paper empirically analyses the relationship between changes in core capital adequacy ratio and profitability of commercial banks. The results show that core capital adequacy ratio has a significant and positive influence on the profitability of commercial banks, and the influence on non-listed banks is greater than that on listed banks; the influence on agricultural commercial banks is the most, followed by that on joint-stock commercial banks and city commercial banks, but the influence on state-owned banks is not significant; the ROA of commercial banks has significant and positive lagging effects; after the financial crisis, the influence on non-listed commercial banks is weakened after the financial crisis, but the influence on listed commercial banks increases. Commercial banks should focus on increasing the tier-one core capital, simplify organizational structure, improve operational efficiency, and the government should encourage and guide commercial banks to issue subordinated bonds to replenish capitals.


Kovalam, a fishing village 35 km south of Madras was selected for open-sea mussel farming experiments in
1976. Bas ed on the early r esults and noting its potentialities an Operational Research Project involving the
 local fishermen was started in this village in 1978.


In this paper, the perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundary condition is applied to a general finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) in a 3D cylindrical coordinates system. We deduce the difference formulation both in free space and the PML field, and the axial singularities are removed by using Ampere's law. With this method, the characteristics of a coaxial cable slot-eavesdrop are discussed. In the simulation, the singularities near the metal edge are removed using the Fourier-Bessel expansion. It shows that research of electromagnetic eavesdropping in coaxial cable interfaces in the electromagnetic compatibility field is needed.


The aim of this research is to study the relation of organizational social capital with job satisfaction and job stress among employees of Insurance Corporations. 272 employees were selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected through three questionnaires which reliability of them was approved using Cronbach Alpha coefficient. The results showed that there were positive and significant relations between total social capital and structural, relational and cognitive dimensions with job satisfaction. Moreover, the results showed that there is a negative and significant correlation between social capital and its structural and relational dimensions with job stress. Moreover, result of the stepwise regression analysis showed that relational and cognitive dimensions of organizational social capital were significant predictors of job satisfaction; also, relational and structural dimensions have significant role in predicting job stress.


This review analyzes how nurse-led public health interventions promote quality of life (QoL) among older populations. Using Medline and Cinahl databases, authors completed a systematic review of experimental and quasi-experimental studies published between January 2010 and March 2016 that described interventions used by public health nurses to address health needs of older adult populations. Lawton's theoretical QoL concepts and the Public Health Intervention Wheel model, which names interventions at the individual, community and systems levels, were used to interpret results. The 23 studies were widely distributed geographically. Four of Lawton's theoretical QoL domains (Health, Functional Health, Personal Competency, Psychological Well-Being) were addressed in the majority of studies. Although public health nurses used Wheel interventions at all levels of practice, individual level interventions were featured in studies to a greater extent in comparison to community and systems level interventions. Few studies used QoL measures to determine intervention effectiveness.  Nurses should consider QoL domains, as they design individual, community, and systems level interventions to improve the health of older adult populations.


Abstract The aim of this study was to assess whether certain attributes of larval breeding sites are correlated with pupal productivity (i.e. numbers of pupae collected per sampling period), so that these could be used as the focus for control measures to enhance control efficiency. Therefore, the objectives were to identify the months of highest pupal productivity of Aedes aegypti (L.) and Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) in an urban temperate cemetery in Argentina where artificial containers of < 6 L (flower vases) were the predominant breeding habitats, to compare various measures of the productivity of sunlit and shaded containers and to determine whether the composition of the containers affected pupal productivity. Over a period of 9 months, 200 randomly chosen water‐filled containers (100 sunlit and 100 shaded), out of ∼ 3738 containers present (∼ 54% in shade), were examined each month within a cemetery (5 ha) in Buenos Aires (October 2006 to June 2007). In total, 3440 immatures of Cx pipiens and 1974 of Ae. aegypti were collected. The larvae : pupae ratio was 10 times greater for the former, indicating that larval mortality was greater for Cx pipiens. Both mosquito species showed a higher container index (CI) in shaded than in sunlit containers (Ae. aegypti: 12.8% vs. 6.9% [χ2 = 17.6, P < 0.001]; Cx pipiens: 6.3% vs. 1.8% [χ2 = 24, P < 0.001]). However, the number and the density of immatures per infested container and the number of pupae per pupa‐positive container did not differ significantly between sunlit and shaded containers for either species. Therefore, the overall relative productivity of pupae per ha of Ae. aegypti and Cx pipiens was 2.3 and 1.8 times greater, respectively, in shaded than in sunlit areas as a result of the greater CIs of containers in shaded areas. Neither the CI nor the number of immatures per infested container differed significantly among container types of different materials in either lighting condition. The maximum CI and total pupal counts occurred in March for Ae. aegypti and in January and February for Cx pipiens. The estimated peak abundance of pupae in the whole cemetery reached a total of ∼ 4388 in the middle of March for Ae. aegypti and ∼ 1059 in the middle of January for Cx pipiens. Spearman's correlations between monthly total productivity and monthly CI were significant at P < 0.001 for Ae. aegypti (rs = 0.975) and P < 0.01 for Cx pipiens (rs = 0.869). Our findings indicate that the efficacy of control campaigns against the two most important mosquito vectors in temperate Argentina could be improved by targeting containers in shaded areas, with maximum effort during species‐specific times of year when pupal productivity is at its peak.


Abstract The cationic and anionic polymerization of 1,3,5-tri(1,3,5,7-tetra)methyl-1,3,5-tri (1,3,5,7-tetra)-10-carbomethoxydecylcyclotri (tetra) siloxane, catalyzed by sulfuric acid and alkali metal naphthalenes, respectively, was studied. With sulfuric acid the polymer yield increased with increasing catalyst concentration, while the molecular weights decreased. With potassium naphthalene the polymerization reaction was first order to monomer, and the molecular weights increased linearly with increasing the percent conversion in accordance with a "living" polymerization. In both cases the polymerization was an equilibrium reaction and the conversion was about 85%. Only low molecular weight polymers were obtained due to steric effects of the bulky long-chain substituents.


Texture is the key factors which will influence the quality of Chaozhou beef meatballs.This research is mainly on the correlative analysis between sensory and instrumental measurement of Chaozhou beef meatballs' texture to find a reasonable way for texture measurement.Eleven normal commercial Chaozhou beef meatballs were collected.Texture profile analysis with twelve trained panelists was used to determine and compare the sensory characteristics of samples,and three instrumental methodology(Texture profile analysis,Shear test and Puncture test) were conducted on eleven samples.In addition,principal component analysis(PCA) could reduce the data of sensory evaluation and instrumental analysis into two independent principal components,which accounted for 74.486% of the total variance,and could categorize samples into three groups.Correlation analysis indicated that there were widespread correlation among the results of sensory evaluation and instrumental analysis(r=-0.622~0.896,P0.05 or P0.01).Stepwise regression analysis was used to generate prediction equations with the parameters of instrumental analysis as independent variables,and the data of principal sensory attributes as dependent variable.The prediction equations of sensory hardness,springness,tightness,juiciness and chewiness were of significance in statistics(R2adj=0.696-0.907).


Current state of the scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis settlements in Peter the Great Bay (Japan Sea) is considered on the data of diving surveys conducted by RV Ubezhdenny in the coastal zone of Primorye with the depth up to 20 m in summer and fall seasons of 2000-2012. The materials were collected from 11,000 diving stations using standard methods. Total abundance and biomass of the species is assessed by the method of Voronoy diagram (similar to the method of Tissen polygons). At present, total number of the scallop is about 4 million individuals which occupy the area 50 km 2 . Non-commercial scallops prevail in the settlements of closed and semi-open bays, but the size groups of commercial value dominate in the settlements located in the open waters. For the whole surveyed area, the portion of scallops with the shell height 120 mm - 49.5 %.


The aim of this study was to evaluate statistically the effects of radiofrequency ablation, diode laser, and microdebrider‐assisted inferior turbinoplasty techniques on ciliated epithelium and mucociliary function.


The evolvements of Zang-Fu organs have strict naming principle and evolvement picture according to Tao of one Ying one Yang of ZhouYi,,and answer for the five difference evolvement process open out by five element .Discern the interaction of Ying-Yang from basic structure of Zang-Fu organs,you can find life' law of movement contained in Ying-Yang and has important clinic guidance meaning.