In this paper a control system that automatically detects the center and makes hole is presented. This control system comprises two subsystems: the Master Subsystem and the Control Subsystem. The Master Subsystem is mainly used for data processing including least squares analysis and then the result will be return to the Control Subsystem in addition to monitor the whole system in case of system errors or warnings. S7-300 PLC of the Control Subsystem is used for motion control, collecting all data, transmitting data to Master Subsystem, and executing commands that is received from Master Subsystem. By experiments we have proved the conventional manual operation can be effectively replaced by the developed system.


Summary and ConclusionsThe degradation of RH1 in aqueous solution is found to be both acid and base catalyzed. The maximum stability is obtained in neutral pH but still degrades by 10% (t90) after just 1 week. The stability profile at pH 5 was done, and 4 major degradation products were observed in acid solutions. LC-MS was performed and the molecular weights determined, from which a degradation mechanism was proposed. Degradation products I, II, and III form 2 isomers each depending on which aziridine group is hydrolyzed. No significant effect of light or the presence of antioxidants was observed, indicating that photodegradation and oxidation are not likely degradation reactions.


Abstract : In traditional information systems, information sharing is usually regulated by a proper set of pre-defined access control policies that state who can access which data portion and under which mode. This model does not fit the emergency management scenario, where usually there is the need to access resources with greater flexibility than during the normal system operations. In order to achieve this goal, when an emergency happens, it is necessary to bypass the regular access control policies and grant users access to resources not normally authorized, in order to handle the emergency. However, such downgrading of the information security classification should be temporary and controlled, that is, regulated by proper emergency policies. In this report we describe a proposed access control framework in support of emergency management.


Aim To investigate the effects of chrysophanol(Chry) on memory impairment in mice induced by lead acetate and discuss its possible mechanisms.Methods Mice,except control group were administered 7 mg·kg-1lead acetate by peritoneal injection every day for 8 days to establish the lead poisoning model.Chry was ip injected for 14 days.The abilities of learning and memory were examined by step through test and Morris water maze test.Antioxidant enzyme levels(GSH-Px,SOD) and lipid peroxidation products(MDA) were performed by UV spectrophotometry scenery.The contents of nitrogen monoxidum(NO),nitricoxide synthase(NOS) in brain tissue were examined.Results Lead acetate could induce the disorder of space learning and memory,and it could also increase the lead levels of mouse blood and brain,the content of NO and MDA,and the activities of NOS and iNOS of brain.Additionally,lead acetate could decrease the activities of SOD and GSH-Px of mouse brain.Chry could improve the learning and memory impairment and decrease the lead levels in blood and brain.Chry(0.1 mg·kg-1) could decrease the activities of NOS and iNOS in mouse brain(P0.05),There was no significant influence on content of NO,while Chry(10.0,1.0 mg·kg-1) could decrease the content of NO and the activities of NOS and iNOS in mouse brain(P0.01).Chry(0.1 mg·kg-1) could increase the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in mice brain(P0.01).There was no significant effect on content of MDA,while Chry(10.0,1.0 mg·kg-1) could decrease the content of MDA and increase the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in mice brain(P0.01).Conclusion Chry can significantly improve the impairment of learning and memory and antioxidant defense system of mice induced by lead acetate,and apparently inhibit lipid peroxidation.


The present invention is provided with: a hot water storage tank (4) that stores hot water and that has a hemispheric upper plate (19), a cylindrical body plate (20) that is joined to the upper plate (19), and a hemispheric lower plate (21) that is joined to the body plate (20); and a vacuum heat-insulating material (25) that is arranged around the body plate (20). Deformation of the hot water storage tank (4) can be reduced because a reinforcing part (20a) that is formed so as to protrude toward the interior of the hot water storage tank (4) is provided to the outer periphery of the body plate (20). In addition, because the reinforcing part (20a) is formed so as to have a shape that protrudes toward the inside of the hot water storage tank (4), the assemblability of the hot water storage tank (4) and the insulating material (5) is improved, and the heat insulating properties of the hot water storage tank (4) are also improved.


Me consider a situation where the random Tariables are such that (n-1) of them are independent and identically distributed with a probability density function (p.d.f.) , and with probability , the remaining one is distributed with p.d.f. . We will study the behaviour of the Bayesian estimators of the nuisance parameter, mean life and the reliability function under different prior distributions of a and a, The corresponding solutions when the p.d.f. of X's are , will also be outlined.


This paper discusses the factors that affect accountants' (and auditors') susceptibility to obedience pressure in the workplace. Succumbing to superior obedience pressure impacts an accountant's ability to maintain their independence when exercising their professional judgment. The presence of such pressure could lead to dysfunctional behavior. However, accountants' reactions to obedience pressure vary according to several factors. The current literature has investigated the individual-related factors effect such as personality, commitment, and gender. Referring to transactional process theory, this paper discusses the effects of contractual factors in addition to the effects of individual-related factors. The contractual factors can assume several forms including the magnitude of the amount of the issue, the sensitivity of the issue, explicit conflict with laws and regulations and professional standards, and possibility of disclosure. The model discussed in this paper has an application for future studies to include the effects of contractual factors in studies of obedience pressure on accountants and auditors. Application of the model by practitioners is also discussed to better understand how accountants' and auditors' reactions to obedience pressure are formed. Such understanding could be beneficial to minimize the cost of accountants' and auditors' dysfunctional behavior that could arise from obedience pressure.


Details are given of a Littrow‐mounted grating spectrometer which uses a cooled linear array of silicon diodes as a detector (0.4–1.1 μ) and an Erfle eyepiece as collimator/camera. The slit is illuminated by a standard 35 mm camera lens. Analog diode output signals are multiplexed, digitized, and either recorded on magnetic tape for later processing or signal‐averaged by a small on‐line computer, then recorded on magnetic tape, and displayed on an oscilloscope. Test data are presented. The device has no moving parts, is competitive with existing devices based on photomultipliers and television cameras, and can be readily modified to increase the number of channels and improve wavelength and spatial resolution and throughput.


Almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch cv. Nonpareil), apricot (Prunus armeniaca L. cv. Royal Blenheim), and peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. cv. Halford] grafted nursery stock seedlings were exposed once per week for 4 hours to a maximum P 3 concentration of 0.25 μl.liter −1 in field exposure chambers. Exposures were repeated for a total of 4 months in 1986 (year 1) and 1987 (tear 2). Trunk caliper, number of shoots, and net growth (total seasonal weight increase) were measured at the end of each year. Almonds appeared to be the most sensitive to O 3 (...)


Construction of structures on sandy soils of northern part of Iran encounters problems due to lack of proper strength properties. In recent years, bottles of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) such as water bottles caused an environmental threat due to their prolonged persistence. Utilization of these materials for soil improvement seems to be a sustainable approach. In this study, the effect of recycled PET on mechanical properties of Babolsar sandy soil is investigated through an experimental program using direct shear and consolidated drained (CD) triaxial compression tests. Various contents of PET were added to sand with 3%, 5% and 7% cement contents. Curing time and relative density of samples were 7 days and 70%, respectively. Results showed that addition of fiber improves strength parameters such as cohesion and internal friction angle. Furthermore, the effect of the fiber is less marked with an increase in cement content. The samples with 3% cement demonstrated better results in both direct shear and tiaxial tests. By adding 0.5% and 1% PET fibers to the samples containing 3% cement at 100 kPa pressure, the ratio of strength in direct shear tests increased 13% and 24%, respectively, and in the triaxial test, it increased 50% and 93%, respectively.


The paper deals with the architecture and function of watermills in Swat valley. Watermill is a seldom-used term; however, it has played a significant role in the socio-cultural and economic lives of people in the past. This research work explores the case study of water mills in the Swat region. It examined in detail its processing and operation. The watermill was not only an instrument used for grinding purposes but also determined the mode of production, class system and social values of people. Modern technology has though changed people's behaviors and social formations up to a large extent, but it couldn't erase people's memories and history. A qualitative method has been used for conducting this research work. An ethnic-archaeological method was focused on recording the history of this tremendous ancient technology which contributed widely to the socio-cultural context of people.


This volume offers a guide to teaching the history of science and technology to students and undergraduates. The history of science and technology is one of the most exciting subjects to have emerged recently in schools and higher education, as well as in the popular and academic media. Historians have come to appreciate the importance of discovery and invention in the modern world, while scientists have found the history of their particular discipline a useful means by which to understand its leading concepts and theories. Teachers have shown great interest in introducing students to the subject as a means of illustrating the importance of discovery and invention in the development of the modern world. "Teaching the History of Science" has been written under three broad headings: perspectives, in which the development and current state of professional history of science and its role in teaching are discussed; practice, a series of case studies presented by experienced teachers, educationalists and historians of science; and sources and resources, a listing and evaluation of the range of facilities available to teachers and lectures - including books, journals, films, local sources, societies and museums. The book is published in conjunction with the British Society for the History of Science.


In order to analyze the sustainability of agricultural production units, this study aimed at the development of scales to diagnose the qualitative and quantitative variables that compose the production systems, as well as to assign different degrees of sustainability to the scales. The methodology used was the descriptive approach, and the strategy and technical procedures were derived from the study of multiple cases.  Information on characteristics of the agricultural production units were obtained in interviews with the farmers, following a previously elaborated form. In order to delimitate the research, the rural properties diagnosed were the ones belonging to Corrego Ajuricaba watershed, in Marechal Cândido Rondon (Parana, Brazil). The study resulted in the construction of a matrix sustained by five criteria, derived in thirty indicators parameterized in a scale of five degrees of sustainability: 1. Unsustainable (0-20), 2. Tending  to   Unsustainability (20,1-40), 3. Transition (40,1-60), 4. Tending to Sustainability (60,1-80), 5. Sustainable 80,1-100). Based on the tests carried out, it was concluded that the parameters established in the intervals of the scale of indicators are consistent, at regional level, to diagnose production units and watersheds. The methodology, appropriately adapted to different conditions, will facilitate the analysis and the decision-taking regarding the use of public policies in municipal districts and communities.


A wheat‐based continuous process for the production of a nutrient‐complete feedstock for bioethanol production by yeast fermentation has been cost‐optimized. This process could substitute for the current wheat dry milling process employed in industry for bioethanol production. Each major wheat component (bran, gluten, starch) is extracted and processed for different end‐uses. The separate stages, liquefaction and saccharification, used currently in industry for starch hydrolysis have been integrated into a simplified continuous process by exploiting the complex enzymatic consortium produced by on‐site fungal bioconversions. A process producing 120 m3 h−1 nutrient‐complete feedstock for bioethanol production containing 250 g L−1 glucose and 0.85 g L−1 free amino nitrogen would result in a production cost of $0.126/kg glucose.


Flame stability is an important issue for combustion-based micro power generation systems. In the present work, we developed a planar micro-combustor with a bluff body fro micro power generation systems. Comparative study on lean and stoichiometric hydrogen/air flames in the micro-combustor with and without a bluff body was performed numerically. The results show that the blowoff limit is extended by 2–4 times with the bluff body. Moreover, flame remains symmetric under near-limit conditions in the micro combustor with a bluff body, while it becomes inclined in the case without a bluff body. Furthermore, the combustion efficiency is higher than 96% under most conditions in the new combustor. These demonstrate that the micro-combustor with a bluff body has a better performance.


The major challenge for multimedia designers is to create user experiences that enrich the reception of content, designer's traditional reliance on intuition not ensuring audience's interest or understanding. The developing philosophy of user-centred design argues that designers should begin from an appreciation of their audience. In design there are various positions on how to achieve this, ranging from traditional market research through psychological, ethnographic, anthropological and sociological research to the direct involvement of users in the design process. This study draws on established knowledge about the cognitive processes, psychological motivations and preferences of user groups to advance a model for better-targeted and more effective design. In particular, it uses Howard Gardener's multiple intelligences theory to extend design thinking. Where a specific audience is apparent multiple intelligences theory implies that (1) the interface should match user's perceptual tools, cognitive styles and responses and (2) there is far greater scope than presently recognized to vary the design of the graphical user interface. The research explores how interactive multimedia can harness the 'language of vision' (Johannes Itten) for certain audiences, in this case Taiwanese drawing students aiming to enter tertiary art and design programs where high academic drawing skills are an important selection criterion. The high 'visual intelligence' of the target audience indicates their heightened capacity to process visual concepts and elements. The application of Gardner's ideas is a speculative one, based on hypothesis and the formulation of an experimental graphical user interface environment built around predominantly visual cues. The designed outcome incorporates knowledge and understanding that is widely applicable to GUI design, challenging designers to develop multimedia products with innovative, imaginative design approaches that cater for the different needs and interests of users where the audience is a specific and identifiable one.


We fit the near-infrared to radio spectral energy distributions of a sample of 30 luminous and ultra-luminous infrared galaxies with models that include both starburst and AGN components. The aim of the work was to determine important physical parameters for this kind of objects such as the optical depth towards the luminosity source, the star formation rate, the star formation efficiency and the AGN fraction. We found that although about half of our sample have best-fit models that include an AGN component, only 30 % have an AGN which accounts for more than 10 % of the infrared luminosity whereas all have an energetically dominant starburst. Our models also determine the mass of dense molecular gas. Assuming that this mass is that traced by the HCN molecule, we reproduce the observed linear relation between HCN luminosity and infrared luminosity found by Gao and Solomon (2004). However, our derived conversion factor between HCN luminosity and the mass of dense molecular gas is a factor of 2 smaller than that assumed by these authors. Finally, we find that the star formation efficiency falls as the starburst ages.


The absence of marine records for M. dalli below latitude 31oS., together with data on gonadal stages and spermatophore deposition on females of this species in the Swan estuary, provide very strong indications that the western school prawn typically breeds in estuarine environments in south-western Australia. The 0 + recruits, which first appeared in samples in February, remained in the estuary during the following months and by November had reached a size suitable for exploitation. At this time they were approaching sexual maturity and were starting to move from the shallows to the deeper waters of the estuary where they remained for their second year of life. In contrast to Australian Penaeus species, M. dalli mates during the intermoult period when the shell is hard rather than immediately after moulting.


Migrating legacy systems towards Web-enabled, clientserver architectures is only an aspect and cannot be considered as the solution to a web-centric reengineering of the business processes supported by these systems. We present an approach to reengineering business processes towards web-centric architectures that exploits a web-based workflow management system as the technological basis for the integration of legacy systems and the coordination and the communication of the different actors involved in the process.


Proteins molecularly imprinted polymers have the properties of specific absorption and selective recognization of model protein molecules. In this paper , preparation of proteins molecularly imprinted polymers, mechanism of selective recognization , the factors that have the effect on specific absorption, and potential appilacation in the future are reviewed.


Navigation is a foundational skill for animals. From insects to birds to mammals, many animals have developed various strategies to search for that which they require, remember its location, then safely return home. Discovering some of the techniques these animals use has yielded unique solutions for the navigational problems of artificial autonomous systems. Yet many questions remain unanswered regarding the navigational abilities that so many animals appear to possess. One such ability is path encoding and recall - learning a set of places in an environment and the connectivity between those places, then using the resulting graph or map for myriad goals. Empirical data collected over the past century indicates that some animals, and specifically rodents, are capable of behaviours difficult to reconcile with non-path-based explanations. In more recent decades, since the discovery of spatially sensitive 'place cells' in the rat brain, it has become clear that the hippocampus plays a significant role in map-based navigation. Simultaneously developing in the field of mobile autonomous systems have been algorithmic techniques to solve a similar map-based navigation problem, termed Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping (SLAM), which highlight the information-theoretical principles involved. The goal of this thesis has been to explore, using spiking neural modelling techniques, how the electrophysiological and anatomical properties of the rodent hippocampus can satisfy the theoretical requirements of an online path learning and recall system. Recognition of novelty is a key element of any memory system. In particular, it is a core component both in learning and recognising locations and in linking locations into paths. Existing studies have demonstrated learning mechanisms capable of developing appropriate unique memories, and corresponding recall mechanisms capable of ignoring random variance in the input. These features are necessary for navigational memory from a theoretical perspective, and also provide a good fit for some electrophysiological data. However these studies have not addressed the issue of when each process, learning and recall, should occur. The first part of this thesis extends existing models of the hippocampal network, incorporating the timing of individual spikes, and using this extra dimension to provide an internal novelty signal. It demonstrates how a network that matches known hippocampal anatomy can instigate a race between a teaching signal and recall signal, with the teaching signal winning the race only in the case of a novel input. Using this novelty signal, what constitutes a novel input can itself be modified dynamically, without destabilising the system. In a navigational context, individual memories can be likened to place, and sequences of such memories to paths. The predominant interpretation of the spatial selectivity of place cells is that these cells are 'coding for' the location of the animal at the time of their firing. Beyond this pure spatial selectivity, evidence demonstrates that during traversal of a cell's place field, its firing precesses with respect to the local theta oscillation - an effect termed 'theta phase precession' - and this precession is correlated with relative progression through the place field. One common interpretation of this precession effect is that it provides a greater degree of locational specificity. The remainder of this thesis explores an alternative hypothesis that place fields and theta phase precession are evidence of a path encoding and recall mechanism. A mechanism based on the known anatomy of CA3 is proposed that is consistent with many dynamical properties of the region and can explain known variations in spatial selectivity across the CA3 network. The proposed mechanism suggests that CA3 performing path encoding and recall over complete foraging ranges could be the functional justification for anatomical and dynamical variation across the region. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the implications of this theory on the interpretation of place cell data, and an outline of experimental designs for its validation.


We measured the major and trace element contents and Rb-Sr isotopic compositions of 12 tektites from the Maoming area, Guandong province (south China). All the samples studied are splash-form tektites which show pitted or grooved surfaces with schlieren structures on some surfaces. The trace element ratios Ba/Rb (avg. 4.33), Th/Sm (avg. 2.31), Sm/Sc (avg. 0.44), Th/Sc (avg. 1.01) , La/Sc (avg. 2.86), Th/U (avg. 7.47), Zr/Hf (avg. 46.01) and the rare earth elements (REE) contents of tektites of this study are similar to the average upper continental crust. From the chemical composition, it is suggested that tektites in this study are derived from similar parental terrestrial sedimentary deposit which may be related to post-Archean upper crustal rocks. The tektites from the Maoming area have high positive ε(0) values-ranging from 176.9~190.5 which indicate that the parental material for these tektites have similar Sr isotopic compositions to old terrestrial sedimentary rocks and they were not dominantly derived from recent young sediments (such as soil or loess). The Sr isotopic data obtained by the present study support the conclusion proposed by Blum et al. (1992)[1] that the depositional age of sedimentary target materials is close to 170Ma (Jurassic). Mixing calculations based on the model proposed by Ho and Chen (1996)[2] for various amounts and combinations of target rocks indicate that the best fit for tektites from the Maoming area is a mixture of 40% shale, 30% greywacke, 30% quartzite. Keywords—Geochemistry, Guandong province, South China, Tektites


This article examines the rivalry between the two main French television channels, the private TF1 and the public sector France 2, as expressed through the medium of political programming during the 2017 presidential election. Examining the assertion that TF1 reasserted its leadership in this 'return match', and setting it in the wider context of current trends in politics on television, it is argued that TF1 astutely exploited new provisions in the regulatory framework for 2017, while also benefiting from a favourable, unprecedented set of political circumstances. France 2, on the other hand, saw its reputation as a vehicle for informed political discussion somewhat tarnished by a series of decisions designed to meet the ever-increasing challenge posed by both its traditional rival and later entrants – notably the rolling news channel BFMTV – and infotainment. The 2017 developments raise questions regarding the role of political journalists in televised debate.


This paper mainly discusses an interesting conceptual framework: the fractional-order memristor (fracmemristor). It is a challenging theoretical problem to determine what the fracmemristor interpolating characteristics between the memristor and the capacitor or inductor are, and where the positions of the fracmemristor in the Chua's axiomatic element system are. Motivated by this need, in this paper, we introduce an interesting conceptual framework of the fracmemristor, which joins the concepts underlying the fractional-order circuit element and the memristor. We use a state-of-the-art mathematical method, fractional calculus, to analyze the proposed conceptual framework. The term fracmemristor is a portmanteau of the fractional-order memristor. The term fracmemristance refers to the fractional-order impedance of a fracmemristor. First, the relationship between the fracmemristance and the fractance is discussed. Second, the fracmemristances of the purely ideal 1/2-order capacitive fracmemristor and inductive fracmemristor are studied, respectively. The third step is the proposal for the fracmemristances of the purely ideal arbitrary-order capacitive fracmemristor and inductive fracmemristor, respectively. Finally, the fracmemristor is achieved by numerical implementation, and its non-volatility property of memory and nonlinear predictive ability is analyzed in detail experimentally. The predictable characteristics of the fracmemristor are a major advantage when comparing with the classical first-order memristor.


The use of floating point unit has lot of application in real time embedded systems. Algorithms like fast fourier transform(FFT) from the digital signal processing (DSP) domain often make extensive use of floating-point arithmetic. This paper presents the design and implementation of an efficient single precision floating-point processor in FPGA. This processor can be dynamically configured, loaded, and executed when needed by software applications. The system is binary compliant with the conventional microprocessor without interlocked pipelining (MIPS) architecture and the IEEE-754 standard. Here the hardware design is done in a way to optimize the area and delay. The design is coded in Verilog hardware description language at Register Transfer Level (RTL) and synthesized in virtex 5 device with the help of Xilinx ISE tool.


To avoid the information asymmetry phenomenon in rural information service is an important task in rural informatization.The paper points out that the information asymmetry seriously influences the utilization rate of information resources based on analyzing the causes and harmfulness of information asymmetry and puts forward the administration measures including perfecting rural information service system,setting up high quality information resources,speeding up rural information propagation and enhancing quality of grass-roots leading cadres,agrotechnicians and farmers to inhibit information asymmetry.


Disciplinary practices in the K-12 setting have historically shown a higher propensity for harsher punitive practices for students of color. This is evidenced by years of research describing disproportionate disciplinary practices. These disproportionate practices have created an ethical dilemma in our school system, as students of color have experienced higher rates of office discipline referrals, school suspensions, and expulsions. One method used in the school system to address disproportionate punitive practices is positive behavior intervention supports (PBIS). Positive behavior intervention supports is a systematic pro-active and preventative model that uses evidence-based interventions to reduce behaviors of concern. This chapter examines the use of PBIS to address the ethical dilemma created in the school system due to disproportionate punitive practices.


Let $V$ be a vector space of dimension $n+1$. We demonstrate that $n$-component third-order Hamiltonian operators of differential-geometric type are parametrised by the algebraic variety of elements of rank $n$ in $S^2(\Lambda^2V)$ that lie in the kernel of the natural map $S^2(\Lambda^2V)\to \Lambda^4V$. Non-equivalent operators correspond to different orbits of the natural action of $SL(n+1)$. Based on this result, we obtain a classification of such operators for $n\leq 4$.


The Mental Capacity Act 2005, due for implementation in 2007, will create a new statutory framework intended to improve and clarify the decision-making process for people aged 16 and over who are unable to make decisions for themselves. Section 1 of the Act sets out five statutory principles intended to underline the provisions of the Act and guide its implementation and operation. The first part of this paper will look at the origins of each of the statutory principles. The second part will consider one of the principles – acting in the best interests of a person lacking capacity – in greater detail by looking at the requirements set out in the Act for determining a person's best interests.


The article below introduces epistemology of ignorance to animal studies, unearthing various ideologies that legitimate practices of animal exploitation. Factory farming, the slaughterhouse, circuses and zoos, as well as scientific animal research are all investigated for the operation of ideological narratives and images. It is seen that the tropes of Old MacDonald's farm, Noah's ark, and the temple of science play pseudo-justifying roles in regards to these institutions. The article concludes that such ideologies of human privilege must be exposed and analyzed for progress to be made in overcoming animal oppression.


A new series of 4-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridine derivative, substituted in position 6 and 7 were prepared and tested for their inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation by ADP, the most promising agent among them was2-(4'methoxybenzylamine)-6-amino-7-(piperidin-1-yl)-4-phenyl1,8-naphthyridine designated as14. The specificity of the inhibitory effects of 14 is presented by cycloalkyl amino moiety of the agent. Moreover, platelet aggregation induced by agonists other than ADP e.g., arachidonic acid, and collagen, was inhibited completely by compound 14. The analogues designated 12 and 13 showed a higher activity than that of 8-11 derivatives. Compounds 13 and 14 increased cAMP levels and significantly inhibited platelet aggregation. Muwaffag Badawneh and Jalal Aljamal* Faculty of Pharmacy, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan. Submission: 7 May 2016 Accepted: 12 May 2016 Published: 25 May 2016 www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: Jalal Aljamal et al. Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 6 (2): 290-304. 29


Dataset on both legislative and practical implementation performance regarding EU Directives across 24 Member States and four policy areas (Internal Market, Environment, Justice and Home Affairs and Social Policy. Combined with data on civic participation in voluntary organisations (Eurobarometer) and the degree that governments consult with CSOs (V-Dem project).


In distributed file systems, distributed metadata management can be considered as a mapping problem, i.e., how to effectively map the metadata namespace tree to multiple metadata servers (MDS's). In general, all traditional distributed metadata management schemes simply presume a rigid mapping function, thus failing to adaptively meet the requirements of different applications. To better take advantage of the current distribution of the metadata, in this exploratory paper, we present the first machine learning based model called DeepHash, which leverages the deep neural network to learn a locality preserving hashing (LPH) mapping. To help learn a good position relationship of metadata nodes in the namespace tree, we first present a metadata representation strategy. Due to the absence of training labels, i.e., the hash values of metadata nodes, we design two kinds of loss functions with distinctive characters to train DeepHash respectively, including a pair loss and a triplet loss, and introduce some sampling strategies for these two approaches. We conduct extensive experiments on Amazon EC2 platform to compare the performance of DeepHash with traditional and state-of-the-art schemes. The results demonstrate that DeepHash can preserve the metadata locality well while maintaining a high load balancing, which denotes the effectiveness and efficiency of DeepHash.


Objective To investigate the MCP-1 promoter-2518A/G gene polymorphism with serum MCP-1 level and its association with cerebral infarction (CD. Methods The A/G transition polymorphism at position promoter -2518 in the MCP-1 gene was determined by restricted fragment length polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RFLP) method in 113 patients with CI as well as 98 controls. The genotype distribution and allele frequency among different groups were compared. The serum level of MCP-1 was determined by ELISA in 39 patients with CI as well as 38 controls. Results The serum level of MCP-1 from individuals who carry the -2518G allele (G/G + G/A, 396. 02±371. 02pg/ml)was higher than A/A homozygote(A/A,201. 90± 228. 71pg/ml) (P 0. 05). The serum level of MCP-1 in patients with CI (399. 32±320. 66) did not differ from that of controls(296. 87 ±256. 99)(P0. 05). The genotype G/G,G/A,A/A distribution of MCP-1 were 33. 6%,53. 1% and 13. 3% in patients with CI,and were 42. 9% ,43. 9% and 13. 3% in controls (P0. 05). The allele frequency of MCP-1 in patients with CI were 2518G 60. 2%,2518A 39. 8% and 2518G 64. 8%,2518A 35. 2% in controls (P0. 05). Conclusion The A/G transition polymorphism at position promoter -2518 in the MCP-1 gene affects the serum level of MCP-1. The polymorphism of MCP-1 promoter-2518A/G gene is not significantly associated with cerebral infarction among Han nationality in Harbin China.


To the Editor—We appreciate the comments and excellent points of Drs Itzhaki and Klapper. It is indeed interesting to note that cytomegalovirus (CMV) only very rarely causes clinically evident central nervous system (CNS) infection in immunocompetent hosts. Therefore, given the finding of an association between CMV infection and Alzheimer disease (AD), alternate hypotheses of biological mechanisms should be considered. Our hypothesis is that lifelong periodic subclinical reactivation of latent CMV infection in the CNS produces a proinflammatory response, which is a contributory factor in the development of AD pathology, as manifested by amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Evidence that reactivation occurs in the absence of symptoms in immunocompetent persons comes from several observations including detection of viral DNA in compartments outside the blood, as well as a marked increase in CMV-specific T cells with aging [1–3].

CMV is known to infect a wide variety of cells in vivo such as monocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. In addition, CMV infects fibroblasts, astrocytes, and some neuroblastoma cell lines in vitro, which indicates tropism beyond lymphoid and epithelial cells and includes cells found in the CNS [4, 5]. Moreover, there is a growing body of evidence that CMV DNA is present in >90% of gliomas [6], and it was recently reported that glioblastoma patients receiving the antiviral drug valganciclovir, in addition to standard therapy, had increased survival [7].

One of our most striking findings was the association of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with AD pathology and the observation that IFN-γ was detected in the CSF of >80% of CMV-seropositive subjects, whereas no IFN-γ could be detected in the CSF of any of the seronegative subjects. This suggests a role for inflammation in the CNS as a potential mechanism for the association of CMV with AD.

Because AD is a complex disease, and likely the result of multifactorial genetic and environmental factors, we believe that CMV reactivation is likely only one among many factors in the risk of disease. Indeed, Dr Itzhaki's laboratory has reported very convincing evidence for the contribution of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection to the development of AD, which we cited [8–10]. We do not have an explanation for the fact that we did not find the same associations for HSV-1 with IFN-γ, AD pathology, clinical diagnosis, and intracellular induction of Aβ that we found for CMV. Possibly there are differences among HSV-1 strains and infected cell types.

We would suggest that both viruses have the potential to be involved in the development of AD through the inflammatory response to viral reactivations in the CNS. Drs Itzhaki and Klapper cite a recent study that appears to support this hypothesis [11]. If that is the case, then perhaps ganciclovir, which is effective against both HSV-1 and CMV, might be the drug of choice for a therapeutic trial, despite the fact that it has greater toxicity than acyclovir. However, we would suggest that development of vaccines against both viruses would be the better long-term strategy.


This paper introduces the composition and operational principle of solar simulators.Based on the extence concept of non-imaging optics,the whole system including an illumination system and a projection imaging system are matched,and the energy transfer in the whole system is analysed on the basis of Lagrange invarian.The best matching relationship of relative aperture 1/4 among the ellipsoid condenser,optical integrator and the collimated object lens are obtained and satisfies the pupil connected principle.This calculated value of Lagrange invariant is 0.45,which verifies that the Lagrange invariant is conserved from an object surface to an image surface.So the optical energy of the optical system is used effectively.


In this study, we investigated the coexistence of the 5G communication network with a fixed-satellite service (FSS) in the 3.5 GHz and 26 GHz frequency bands. We analyzed an angular protection scheme for the FSS Earth station (ES) and 5G base stations (BSs). In addition, we defined the fixed BS-ES relative location, relative distance, and angular changes. The angular protection was integrated into the exclusion and restricted zones proposed by the distance protection scheme for simulation analysis to develop a transmit power control scheme based on the Citizens Broadband Radio Service. Its performances were extensively analyzed through simulations. The proposed scheme was evaluated in practical scenarios: rural macrocells, urban macrocells, and urban microcells, as defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The influence of antenna type was also researched, and BSs with 4 × 4, 8 × 8 and 16 × 16 antenna arrays, as specified by 3GPP, were considered for 5G networks. Finally, the results prove that the angular protection solution can solve the coexistence of the 5G system and the FSS. In addition, when angular protection and distance protection are used simultaneously, the coexistence effect of the two systems can be strengthened. Moreover, this work provides a quantitative perception for selecting system parameters, including an interference margin for the different scenarios and antenna types, the exclusion size, and the reduction area.


Objective  To evaluate the use of a genus‐specific PCR that combines high sensitivity with the detection of different Schistosoma species for diagnosis in international travellers and migrants in comparison to standard microscopy.


In this note we present benchmark scenarios for resonant double Higgs production at the $13\,$TeV LHC in the 2HDM+S model and the $Z_3$ Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM), which may be accessible with 300 fb$^{-1}$ of data. The NMSSM Higgs sector can be mapped onto the 2HDM+S. We show benchmark points and relevant parameter planes in the 2HDM+S for three sets of signatures: ($A\to h_{125} a, ~H\to h_{125} h)$, ($A\to a h, H\to hh, H\to aa)$, and ($H\to h_{125}h_{125}$). The first two signatures are optimized in what we call $Z$-Phobic scenarios where $H/A$ decays into final states with $Z$ bosons are suppressed. The last signature, $h_{125}$ pair production, is directly proportional to the misalignment of $h_{125}$ with the interaction state sharing the couplings of a SM Higgs boson, and hence is presented in the Max Misalignment scenario. We also present two NMSSM benchmark points for the ($A\to h_{125} a, ~H\to h_{125} h)$ signatures. The benchmark scenarios presented here are based on Refs. [1,2].


Band type closure rings are commonly used for securing the drum lid on radioactive material packages of lower weight classifications. Lid installation is achieved by placing the band around the perimeter of the lidded drum and tightening the single bolt in stages until a designated torque value is obtained. The band is subjected to heavy rapping with a soft hammer during installation to equilibrate the band strains around the drum perimeter. The study described here investigated the strain distributions in the band throughout the installation process. The results show that a uniform strain distribution is achieved during installation and that the hammering of the band aids in achieving the uniform distribution. The results of the strain levels after the drop test indicate that the locking rings maintain some pre-tension, even after severe targeted drops that crush a portion of the drum top.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


The UK's STARLINK project based at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory develops and distributes software applicable to a wide range of problems in Astronomy; it covers most wavebands, caters for a variety of instrumentation, and ranges from programming tools and libraries through to large package of applications. The facilities available and gives details of how they may be obtained are summarized. Recent developments and other features of particular interest are highlighted.


This is a fascinating book, packed with statis tics and graphs. In many ways it epitomizes the dilemmas and deficiencies of the current ap proach to accident-injury research. Here the perceived logic demands the imposition of an engineering solution to a biological problem, without recourse to the latter. Consequently, whilst there have been many improvements in design, little has been done to define the real risk to the individual, or to make available to the car buyer relevant safety data. The lack of referable biological, and indeed comparative, accident data is typified by Chapter 4, in par ticular on page 61, where the author discusses differing fatality rates in various models of motor car. He finds it implausible to suggest that these are due to engineering safety dif ferences in the cars, because they all conform to the existing safety standards. Until a compre hensive medical and engineering study is carried out which looks at the results and ef fects of all factors in comparable accidents, the answers will remain hidden from view.


THE MIDDLE EAST AND MILITARY MODERNIZATION* 1. The Middle East has once again become the center of world tension. The increasing penetration of Soviet influence has in the last couple of years heightened American interest and concern. The three books under review deal with the same subject matter: the political history of the modern Middle East. They complement one another in many respects and are listed above in the order this reviewer thinks they should be read. The authors are all scholars teaching MiddleEastern studies at three different universities in three countries. P. M. Holt is a professor of Arab history in the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. J. C. Hurewitz is a professor of government at Columbia University. In World War II — and many years afterwards — he served in the Office of Strategic Services and in the Intelligence Division of the Department of State. Uriel Dann is presently the head of the Department of Middle-Eastern and African History, Tel-Aviv University. Before becoming head, he taught the history of the modern Middle East at the same university.


We numerically show lhal lwo lighl-guided beams remain undislurbed when lhey cross each other in spite of the nonlinear dynamics which governs the interaction of their corre- sponding guiding lighl beams. Our resulls a!so indicale lhal such unexpecled phenomenon occurs even when lhe guiding lighl beams are nol spalially idenlica!.


Firstly, we introduce the "Zero Sum Gains" game theory into the SBM (Slacks-based Measure) model, and establish the ZSG-SBM model. Then, set up 4 development scenarios for the China's economic system in "13·5" (The Chinese government formulates a Five-Year Planning for national economic and social development every five years, "13·5" means 2016 to 2020.) period through two dimensions as economic growth and energy consumption structure, and make the efficient allocation in provincial level of carbon reduction target by using the above ZSG-SBM model based on the China's overall carbon reduction constraint (18%) which is set in "13·5" planning. Finally, we analyze the provincial development path of low-carbon economy by comparing the economic development status with the allocated result of carbon reduction target. Results show that: After the ZSG-SBM model being applied to the efficiency allocation of carbon emission, the input and output indicators of the 30 provinces realize the effective allocation, and the carbon emission efficiency reaches the efficiency frontier. The equity-oriented administrative allocation scheme of government will bring about efficiency loss in a certain degree, and the efficiency allocation scheme, based on the ZSG-SBM model, fits better with the long-term development requirement of low-carbon economy. On the basis of carbon intensity constraint, the re-constraint of energy intensity will force the provinces to optimize their energy consumption structure, thereby enhancing the overall carbon emission efficiency of China. Sixteen provinces' allocation results of carbon reduction target are above China's average (18%) in "13·5" period, all the provinces should select appropriate development path of low-carbon economy according to the status of their resource endowment, economic level, industrial structure and energy consumption structure.


The gradual deterioration of the clinical cofidition-Ahich occurs in some cases of tissue trauma or severe haemorrhage in spite of repeated transfusions of blood or blood substitutes is only too painfully familiar. It is believed that this failure of transfusion therapy is due in lai-ge measure to a breakdown in the mechanisms involved in maintaining an adequate volume of blood. Various explanations have been given of the causes of failure, but none of them has been satisfactory. They have been concerned mostly with those factors which could reduce the amount of actively circulating blood. This has been dueto the widespread belief' that the essential lethal element is a reduction in the volume of circulating blood. In recent months several significant papers have made it clear that too much emphasis has been placed on the blood volume and too little on the other factors relating to the heart and the blood vessels. Wiggers and his colleagues' 2 have studied the effects of the withdrawal of quantities of blood equal to approximately 40% to 50% of the initial blood volume in anaesthetized dogs. They showed clearly that two factors were necessary to produce irreversible shock": (1) a change in the myocardium, and (2) a failure to increase the total peripheral resistance in the circulation. By " irreversible shock" they meant a condition in which the reinjection of the blood withdtawn was not followed by recovery. The change observed in the myocardium was a diminution of the normal response of the heart muscle to the stretch imposed on it by a given venous pressure. This change was due to impairment of the nutrition of the heart muscle as a result of a reduced coronary flow from a low arterial pressure. The other finding that the total peripheral resistance of the circulation was never maximal in their experiments suggests that there was some degree of depression of the vasomotor centres in the medulla. The failure to increase peripheral resistance would rapidly yield a state of hypotension sufficient to reduce coronary flow and accelerate the onset of myocardial damage. In Wiggers's experiments it was found that the myocardialchange occurred in the presence of an adequate blood volume and was independent of haemoconcentration and haemodilution. If it be considered that the precipitating factor was the persistent hypotension, this might have been due to the action of the anaesthetic on those centres which would normnally act to restore arterial pressure. This view receives support from the work of Fine et al.,3 who noted that, while haemorrhages up to 40% of the blood volume did not cause a persistent hypotension in unanaesthetized animals, the same amount of haemorrhage caused permanent hypotension in animals anaesthetized with nembutal. It is significant that both groups of workers used barbiturate anaesthetics, which are known to depress the hypothalamic and medullary cardiac and vasomotor centres. Dr. Lena Stern, in an article in our present issue (p. 538), has introduced a new treatment of shock which depends


Corn is a commodity located in Majalengka Regency is needed for many industries. According to data from the Central Statistics Agency, the Productivity of maize the average is in the District of Majalengka at 7,95 tons/ha, while the average productivity of maize in the District of Maja Majalengka range of 7.4 tons/ha. It can be argued that the productivity of corn in the District of Maja is still below the average of t h e Majalengka Regency. This study aims to describe the level of capacity of the farmers, knowing the influence of capacity building of farmers, to analyze the differences in growth between the use of the system jajar legowo the cultivation of corn and maize cultivation conventional and describe a strategy to increase the capacity of the farmers. The study involved 62 samples from 162 the population is scattered in Villages Anggrawati, Cipicung, and Wanahayu. The instrument in this research consists of the independent variable. As well as the dependent variable. Data analysis used is descriptive analysis, multiple linear regression, and one[1]way ANOVA. The level of farmer capacity in the implementation of the jajar legowo system in Maja District is in the medium category, namely 79%. The strategy for increasing the capacity of farmers is based on the results of descriptive analysis, namely counseling on corn cultivation using the jajar legowo system and bookkeeping in farming activities.


Marketing management can be defined as the analysis, planning, implementation and control of programs designed to create, build and maintain profitable exchanges with target markets with a view to achieving organizational goals. The purpose of this study was to analyze and examine the effect of product diversity on consumer buying interest at Cafe Amirah in Situbondo with consumer satisfaction as an intervening variable. The population in this study are consumers of Cafe Amirah, Situbondo Regency. The sampling technique was determined by the simple random sampling method. Data analysis and hypothesis testing in this study used the Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square (PLS-SEM).
The results of the direct influence hypothesis test using the Smart PLS 3.0 application, indicate that product diversity has a significant effect on consumer satisfaction. Product diversity has a significant effect on consumer buying interest. Consumer satisfaction has a significant effect on consumer buying interest. Product diversity has a significant effect on consumer buying interest through consumer satisfaction.


Critical Care Medicine www.ccmjournal.org e735 Dr Parienti (1) added in his analysis two trials randomized for other than the central venous catheterization (CVC) site outcome (Timsit et al [4] and Mimoz et al [5]). Regarding the study by Timsit et al (4), in our CRBSI risk comparison between internal jugular-femoral, we included data from the study by Timsit et al (6), a study that combined data from two preceding randomized for other than CVC site outcome trials, one of which was the study by Timsit et al (4). Occurrence rates or ratios (risk or hazard ratios) of CRBSI in subclavian catheters were not reported in the studies by Timsit et al (4, 6). Consequently, similar data could not have been retrieved and included in our internal jugularsubclavian CRBSI metaanalysis. Also, Dr. Parienti (1) refers to the study by Mimoz et al (5), which is a randomized trial for other than the CVC insertion site outcome that presented occurrence rates on CRBSIs for internal jugular and subclavian sites. The study by Mimoz et al (5) was not included in our meta-analysis as occurrence rates were only reported in the appendix section. Nevertheless, we reran our analysis on internal jugular-subclavian CRBSI risk by adding the study by Mimoz et al (5) and found no difference from our initial results (risk ratio [RR], 1.32 [0.65–2.69]; I = 59% [Fig. 1) vs RR, 1.16 (0.57–2.35); I = 58% [Fig. 3B in our meta-analysis [2]). Consequently, the study by Mimoz et al (5) could not have influenced our results and certainly could not have altered our conclusions. Five, not seven, CRBSIs were reported in the study by Arvaniti et al (7); zero events were found in internal jugular and femoral and five in subclavian catheters. Since we had zero events in both arms in the internal jugular-femoral comparison, we proceeded in a zero events correction. We agree with the remarks by Dr. Parienti (1) on the important heterogeneity (I = 58%) and the considerable weight of observational studies (83.3%) on internal jugular-subclavian CRBSI comparison, which has already been reported in our study (2). We consider that analysis of data from randomized controlled trials and observational studies does not provide, yet, sufficient evidence to conclude that selection of subclavian compared to internal jugular is associated with reduced CRBSI risk in ICU patients. The authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.


This study aims to investigate if pension funds impact their sponsoring firms. This study is performed using a data set of 36 Dutch non-financial listed firms over the fiscal years 2014 through 2016. An OLS linear model is used to investigate whether coverage, contribution, pension fund maturity, or pension plan type (DB, hybrid, or DC), as aspects of pension funds, affect firm investment. The results of this study do not support any of the hypothesised relationships. Hybrid pension plans appear to be the most common pension plan type, implying that a dichotomous view of only regarding DB and/or DC pension plans may not accurately represent the situation.


LS I +61 303 and LS 5039 are exceptionally rare examples of high-mass X-ray binaries with MeV–TeV emission, making them two of only five known "γ-ray binaries." There has been disagreement within the literature over whether these systems are microquasars, with stellar winds accreting onto a compact object to produce high energy emission and relativistic jets, or whether their emission properties might be better explained by a relativistic pulsar wind colliding with the stellar wind. Here we present an attempt to detect radio pulsars in both systems with the Green Bank Telescope. The upper limits of flux density are between 4.1 and 14.5 μJy, and we discuss the null results of the search. Our spherically symmetric model of the wind of LS 5039 demonstrates that any pulsar emission will be strongly absorbed by the dense wind unless there is an evacuated region formed by a relativistic colliding wind shock. LS I +61 303 contains a rapidly rotating Be star whose wind is concentrated near the stellar equator. As long as the pulsar is not eclipsed by the circumstellar disk or viewed through the densest wind regions, detecting pulsed emission may be possible during part of the orbit.


Al-Qur'an is the media for interaction between God and His creatures. As the interaction media, it uses various kinds of sentence. The sentences are categorized into two forms : tholabi and ghairu tholabi. The tholabi sentences are not always in the form of imperative sentences; there are other forms. In other words, the meaning of a verse is not always linear with its formal form. The pragmatic approach can be used to find the follow up function of the tholabi sentences.  Keywords : Guidance, Pragmatis


Objectives The Republic of Korea (Korea) has experienced a steady increase in the number of births from immigrant women over the last 20 years. However, little is known about the birth outcomes of immigrant women in Korea. This study compared Korean birth data from immigrant and native women who married native men, and explored the factors that affected birth outcomes among immigrant women. Design Observational cross-sectional study. Setting Nationwide registry-based study in Korea. Participants A total of 70 258 records from immigrant women and 1700 976 records from native women were examined using the National Birth Registration Database, from 2010 to 2013. Independent variable Native Korean women and immigrant women who married native men. Outcomes Proportion of preterm births, post-term births, low birth weights and macrosomia. Results Adjusted ORs (aOR) were calculated for the adverse birth outcomes, and subgroup analyses were performed according to parity and mothers from three Asian countries (China, Vietnam, the Philippines). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were also conducted to evaluate the association of these factors with birth outcomes among immigrant women. Immigrant women had higher OR of post-term births (aOR 1.62; 95% CI 1.44 to 1.83) and low birth weights (aOR 1.17; CI 1.12 to 1.22). Mothers from the Philippines had higher OR of preterm births (aOR 1.26; CI 1.12 to 1.52) and Chinese mothers had higher OR of macrosomia (aOR 1.55; CI 1.44 to 1.66). The OR of post-term births and low birth weights was significantly higher in the first pregnancies of immigrant women. Conclusions This study has demonstrated higher proportions of adverse birth outcomes among immigrant women who married Korean men, compared with native women in Korea. Policies reducing the gap in birth outcomes between native and immigrant women are needed.


The state of an N-qubit quantum computer (QC) can be described as a superposition of 2N terms (eq. 1), each giving the probability [expressed as a complex number, αi, called a probability amplitude (PA)] of the respective basis state, si, being observed. 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 2 ... : {0,1} N N N i s s s s s ψ α α α α = + + + + ∈ (1) When implementing quantum computation on classical hardware, one might represent the basis states (and thus, the PAs) localistically, i.e., each si has its own memory location in which its PA is stored. But, this requires exponential memory. Furthermore, any atomic computational operation performed on any one PA, e.g., updating its value, performs no computational work on any of the other PAs (since they are at different physical locations), implying that exponentially many operations are needed to update the entire probability distribution over all states. Suppose instead that we represent basis states as sparse distributed codes (SDCs), i.e., sets of binary units chosen sparsely (arbitrarily widely dispersed) in a much larger field of units, and such that the sets may intersect. Thus, in stark contrast to the localist case, all basis states are stored in physical, and purely classical, superposition. Furthermore, since any given binary unit will generally be included in the SDCs of many basis states, any computational operation performed on that unit will simultaneously affect/update all of those basis states. This is called algorithmic parallelism, which is an orthogonal resource to machine parallelism. The specific field we'll consider is organized as Q winner-take-all (WTA) modules, each comprised of K binary units. Thus, each basis state, si, will be represented by an SDC, φ(si), or just, φi, a set of Q units, one per module, and the codespace (number of unique basis states representable) is KQ. I will describe an unsupervised learning model in which this field is connected to an input field and recurrently to itself via complete (all-to-all) binary weight matrices, all weights initially zero, and SDCs are assigned to inputs (i.e., stored) as they are presented (i.e., on-line learning). Crucially, there is a purely classical single-trial learning algorithm that: a) statistically (approximately) preserves similarity, i.e., assigns more similar inputs to more similar, i.e., more highly intersecting, SDCs; and b) runs in "fixed time", i.e., the number of operations needed to store an item remains constant as the number of stored items grows. And, because the inputs are stored in a similarity-respecting way, best-match retrieval can also be done in fixed time. Because SDCs are chosen in similarity-respecting fashion and are all the same size (Q), it follows that when any one SDC, φi, is active, it simultaneously functions as both: i) the full code of the basis state to which it was assigned, si; and ii) the entire explicit similarity distribution over ALL stored basis states, sj, where the similarity of sj and si is physically manifest as the fraction of φj's units that are active (as a subset of the single fully active code, φi). Assuming that for natural input spaces, similarity correlates with probability, we can restate the above as: the active code simultaneously functions as both: i) the single most likely basis state, φi; and ii) the explicit probability distribution over ALL stored basis states, where φj's probability is measured by the (normalized) fraction of its units that is active. To restate for emphasis, a basis state is represented by a set of (physical) units being co-active and its probability is represented by the (normalized) fraction of those units active: in particular, complex numbers (PAs) are not needed. If the sequence of input items are successive snapshots (e.g., frames of video) of a discrete dynamical system, then the transitions between the system's (basis) states, i.e., its dynamics, become embedded in the recurrent matrix during learning. Subsequently, in a retrieval/query mode, we can seed the field with a particular SDC and allow it to evolve, where the update from T to T+1 entails transmission of binary signals via the recurrent matrix from the SDC active at T, φ(T), resulting in a (generally new) SDC, φ(T+1). This transmission, which is the dominating step of the update operation: a) requires only a single iteration over the recurrent weights, the number of which, (QK)2, is fixed; and b) does not depend on the number of SDCs (basis states) stored. That is, like the storage and best-match retrieval operations, updating the entire probability distribution over ALL basis states is also done in fixed time. In fact, each individual instance of the update operation, (from T to T+1) is identical to the best-match retrieval operation. It's just that, as explained above, since every SDC is both the code of a single state and an explicit probability distribution over ALL states, the same fixed time operation simultaneously retrieves (reactivates) the most likely state (i.e., most likely hypothesis) and updates the full probability distribution over all states. To my knowledge, this capability has not previously been described and I will argue that it meets the "exponential speedup" criterion of quantum computing, but in a purely classical setting. I will present simulation results demonstrating this capability. To summarize, what we've done is change from representing basis states localistically, and their probabilities as numbers (the complex-valued PAs), which have point semantics and therefore do not support any physically realizable notion of superposition, to representing them in sparse distributed fashion, as sets, which have extended-body semantics (and do not reduce to numbers), and thus allow a straightforward physical, purely classical, realization of superposition. This change brings an understanding of reality that differs profoundly from the Copenhagen view in which, even though all possible basis states must somehow physically exist (otherwise they could not influence the evolution of the system), all but the single observed state are fundamentally inaccessible. In contrast, the model described here provides a simple classical explanation as to how any partially active basis state, i.e., at least one of its SDC's units is physically active, influences the next state of the system: it does so via the signals sent from its active unit(s) via the recurrent matrix. Finally, I will also show that this model provides a simple classical realization / explanation of entanglement. Specifically, units become entangled when they are co-selected to be in an SDC, i.e., their entanglement is physically reified in the correlated changes made to their incoming and outgoing weights when they are activated in that SDC. For example, if two units, x and y [which, as stated earlier, may be arbitrarily distant in the field (in the physical memory)], were included in a previously stored SDC, φi, and if we know that x has been selected to be in the SDC, φt, currently being chosen at time t, then the correlated weight changes made to these units' weights when φi was active statistically influence (contain instantaneously available information about) the probability of y also being chosen for φt. Rod Rinkus joined Purdue ECE's Center for Brain-Inspired Computing (C-BRIC) in May 2019 as a Lead Research Scholar. He is continuing his lifelong pursuit to understand the "neural code", i.e., how information is represented and processed in the brain—how memories are formed so quickly, last so long, and can be retrieved so reliably and rapidly (seemingly without serial search)—with the goal of working with other C-BRIC members to create novel, low-power hardware realizations leveraging the brain's principles and algorithms. After receiving his Ph.D. in Cognitive and Neural Systems from Boston University in 1996, he developed AI / Machine Learning systems at several Boston-area research firms. He returned to academics in 2004 as Postdoc in computational neuroscience with Prof. John Lisman at Brandeis, revitalizing his thesis work on a sparse distributed representation (SDR) based neural model of memory and cognition. This eventually led to founding Neurithmic Systems in 2010, which was supported by ONR, DARPA, and commercial contracts, to further develop his SDR-based neuromorphic model, now called Sparsey, for application to spatiotemporal problems, e.g., recognition of events in video. Sparsey's very simple elements, i.e., binary units, weights, signals, and algorithms for learning and retrieval (inference), make it highly amenable to Non-von Neumann, processor-inmemory, hardware realizations, and closely aligned with C-BRIC's mission.


By a broad empirical study it is indicated that automation development show potential of improvement. In the paper, 13 lean product development principles are contrasted to the automation developme ...


A wave of uncertainty is currently rolling through child and adolescent psychiatry. It was triggered by information and warnings from various national licensing and regulatory authorities such as the British Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) and the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA). They claim that induction of suicidality should be seen as a serious side effect of SSRIs in children and adolescents, and that extreme care should therefore be taken in considering whether SSRIs or other treatment approaches are indicated in depressive children or in those suffering from compulsive disorders. The licensing authorities mentioned above, whose warnings were followed by other licensing authorities, formulated their statements somewhat differently and also specified somewhat different conditions. However, the principal message remains the same. This information was taken up not only by professional circles but also by the general media, who often presented it in their usual distorted manner. This led to a great deal of concern and uncertainty, particularly by treating physicians and their patients.


These isoforms are present in both cytoplasm and nucleus, and have increased affinity for cdk2.5,6 They have been associated with genomic instability, resistance to CIP/KIP inhibition, and poor outcome of patients with various malignancies.6 Similarly, is exclusive Skp2 targeting efficient in patients with p27KIP1 haploinsufficiency?10 In such cases, SKP2 blocking is effective when the levels of the remaining p27KIP1 allele are up-regulated above a threshold, able to exert its negative effect on cell-cycle progression. Below this threshold the CIP/KIP molecules will be sequestered by the cyclin D/cdk complexes, further promoting cyclin E/cdk2 activity.11 In conclusion, although the findings of Chen et al are significant and important, our results present an additional point of view, which stresses the impact of defining the transcriptional and/or mutational status of p27KIP1 before applying a therapeutic approach based exclusively on Skp2 inhibition.


The aim of this study was to establish sensory and nutritionally acceptable enrichment level of low calories spreadable fats (soft margarine and mix of butter and vegetable oil) with omega-3 eicosapenta- and docosahexaenoic acids (EPA, DHA) by addition of fish oil preparations (ROPUFA - 30% EPA, DHA and MARITEX - 10%), and evaluation of enriched spreads stability (sensory and chemical) during storage. It was shown that tested spreadable fats might be enriched up to 1% EPA, DHA (i.e. 3% ROPUFA, 8%. MARITEX), that had no significant influence on sensory acceptability. Both used fish oils exerted similar influence on fats quality. Enriched mix of butter and vegetable oil and margarine may be stored up to 3 and 9 weeks respectively without significant decrease of quality. Peroxide value and acid numbers were not much affected by enrichment and storage, Daily portion (25-30 g/day) of spreadable fats enriched on level established in the study may provide 0.2-0.3 g EPA, DHA significantly increasing long chain omega-3s amount in the diet above those eaten normally. Cette etude etablit le taux d'enrichissement acceptable de matieres grasses tartinables allegees (margarine et melange de beurre et d'huile vegetale), en EPA et DHA par addition de preparations a base d'huile de poisson. Un taux d'enrichissement de 1% n'affecte pas les proprietes sensorielles du produit. Un melange de beurre et d'huile vegetal enrichi peut etre conserve pendant 3 semaines et une margarine enrichie 9 semaines, sans degradation de la qualite.


PurposeDoing qualitative research with vulnerable urban populations such as street traders present significant methodological challenges, which many researchers may not be prepared to handle. This paper aims to provide a reflective account of the authors' fieldwork experiences while conducting a study with street traders in Harare, Zimbabwe.Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws data from a qualitative case study conducted with street traders in Harare's Central Business District (CBD). In this study, mixed qualitative methods were used including focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews and photovoice.FindingsThe study's findings suggest that researching street traders is a complex process that requires flexibility, adaptability and creativity of researchers across the following aspects: gaining access in unfamiliar research contexts, building rapport and trust with participants, managing ethical dilemmas and addressing power imbalances between researchers and participants.Originality/valueWhile there is a growing body of empirical research on street trading in the global south, there are limited studies that discusses the practical fieldwork experiences associated with conducting primary research with such vulnerable and dynamic urban populations. The authors highlight strategies and practical steps that can be taken to address these challenges. This paper emphasizes the need for flexibility and adaptability in researching street traders, as it is akin to exploring uncharted territories where conventional methodological templates may not be effective.


Among unhydrous alkaline borosilicates RB2Si2O8 (R = Ca, Sr, Ba) there are three naturally occurring members: danburite (Ca) (Dunbar, Machatschki, 1931), pekovite (Sr) and maleevite (Ba) (Pautov et al, 2004). Their orthorhombic structure consists of tetrahedral framework with boron and silicon orderly distributed in different tetrahedral sites. Almost all known unhydrous borosilicates are structurally similar to aluminosilicate relatives. Danburite structure type is topologically identical to that of paracelsian RAl2Si2O8 (R = Sr, Ba), although the latter one represents pseudo-orthorhombic framework with monoclinity angle β∼90.01o.


Saliva is a protein-rich oral fluid that contains information about systemic and oral-specific disease pathogenesis and diagnosis. Technologies are emerging to improve detection of protein components of human saliva for use not only in biomarker discovery, but also for the illumination of pathways involved in oral disease. These include the optimization of liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of saliva in health and disease. Downstream of saliva component identification and validation comes the complex task of connecting salivary proteomic data to biological function, disease state, and other clinical patient information in a meaningful way. Augmentation of database information with biological expertise is crucial for effective analysis of potential biomarkers and disease pathways in order to improve diagnosis and identify putative therapeutic targets. This presentation will use LC-MS/MS analysis of saliva from chronic Graft-versus-Host disease (cGVHD) patients to illustrate these principles, and includes a discussion of the complex clinical and diagnostic issues related to proteomics and biomarker research in cGVHD.


Thermodynamics of the electrochemical reaction in lead-acid battery was investigated. A negative value of change in Gibbs' free energy, ?G, and a positive entropy change, ?S, were obtained for the reaction. ?G was more negative at increased temperature. The reaction was exothermic, with a negative value of enthalpy change, ?H. A relatively small value of temperature coefficient of the electromotive force of the cell, (?E/?T)_P, was also obtained for the reaction.


The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine(PPV)vaccination programfor elderly has implemented in Taiwansince October 2007, followed by pneumococcal conjunctive vaccine(PCV)vaccination programfor high-risk children<5 years old, beginning from July 2009. In this study, the domestic invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence, case-fatality rate, clinical syndromes, underlying disease cases, recurrent IPD and change of serotypesbetween 2008-2013 are illustrated, and the current strategies ofIPD controlarefurther discussed. There were 4,439 identified IPD cases during these six years. Overall annual incidence was 3.2 cases per millionpopulations, and thehighest incidence was in 2-4 years age group (20.4 per million population). The average case fatality rate(CFR) was 18.2%, andthe CFR of cases in≧75 years age group was 35.5%. Cases withunderlying disease accounted for 35.9%, and the most common disease was malignancy (12.7%). Pneumonia was the most commonclinical symptoms (61.0%) in IPD cases, followed by sepsis (47.9%). About 20% of the cases were complicated by pneumonia and sepsis. In addition, there were39 recurrent IPD cases (0.9%), with median age of 58 years, of which 72% had underlying disease, and 30%were re-infected by pneumococcus with the same serotypes. 19A was the most prevalent serotype in IPD cases< 5 years old(accounting for 39.5%).Dominantserotypes in≧65 years age groups were 14,23F and 3 (totally accounted for 48.8%). It is worth noting that there have been significant increases in the rate of serotype 15 (15B was not included) since2012/2013, and serotype 15was not covered by any PCVs. In 2013, for example, coverage ratesof 7-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine (PCV7) and 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) were 21.4% and 79.5% in < 5 years age group.Coverage rate of 10-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine (PCV10) was consistent with that of PCV7 in < 5 years age group. In addition, the incidence of serotypes covered by PCV7/PCV10 in < 5 years age group declined from 11.06 per 100,000 persons in 2008 to 2.54 in 2013. The incidence of PCV13 serotypes dropped from 14.53 to 9.44,but non-PCV13 serotypes increased from 0.77 to 1.73. To protectpeople from IPD,surveillance of domestic IPD epidemiology and changes of serotypes and antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniaeshould be continued for assessing the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccines and revising the prevention policies timely.


The output of CAPP system usually has two forms:process planning files and processdata compiling report.By output,the system can guide production duly and truly and feedback necessary data to the managers.It is very important for researching on outputtechnology because it reflects directly the quality of developing CAPP system. Based onpractice,this paper researches methods of realizing two output forms systematically.


The article considers the problem of creating anthropomorphically model as the basis for developing the educational system, providing the decision of problems of increase of health, the management of physical and mental development of pupils and students.


Abstract Publication bias is pervasive in social and behavioral sciences because journals and scholars tend to reward and be rewarded for statistically significant findings. However, the determinants of the severity of publication bias are less well understood. We argue that publication bias depends on whether an independent variable is a key variable or statistical control in traditional regression modeling. The bias should be severe only for the key variable that relates to a central question and hypothesis in a study. We offer an empirical strategy to detect the conditional nature of publication bias. As an illustration, we perform a meta-regression of 229 model estimates from 36 articles in the democracy-foreign direct investment literature. We find that publication bias is most severe when democracy is a key variable, but appears weak when democracy is a control. Our research demonstrates that empirical estimates for key and control variables follow different data generation processes and makes a novel contribution to the study of publication bias that affects many research areas.


The dissociation constants of -alanine and -aminobutyric acid were measured in the temperature range from 20 to and pressure up to 2,500 bar by conductometric method. The both dissociation constants of respective amino acid increase with temperature increase but pressure effect is not same as the temperature. The increases as pressure increases but decreases. The properties of these amino acids were discussed in terms of the thermodynamic properties of the dissociation reaction. A relationship between the dissociation constants and the distance between substituted groups of amino acid was discussed. The substituted effects of the reaction were deduced from Hammett reaction and substituted constants which were calculated from the measured dissociation constants.


Recognition of the environmental costs of fossil fuels coupled with concern over their depletion within the next few decades has broadened the search for alternative energy resources, including biomass energy. Ethanol produced from corn (Zea mays L. ) grain currently is the primary form of biomass energy produced in the Midwest, but its net energy balance commonly is negative when corn grain is produced under conventional practices. Reducing fossil fuel inputs, particularly for nitrogen fertilizer, will improve the energy balance, but more substantial improvements involve increased efficiency of ethanol production. An alternate source involves fermentation of crops such as sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.]Moench ). Other potential biomass energy resources for the Midwest include oils extracted from seed crops, methane from waste digestion, and combustion, gasification or fermentation of woody and herbaceous crops and crop residues. These resources may serve as an energy supplement or a useful energy source for individual farms, households or rural communities. Biomass energy systems in Midwest agriculture must be evaluated regarding their long term environmental impacts and their sustainability. Externalities that must be considered include surface and ground water pollution, soil erosion, and economic and social benefits to the rural community .


Since the party translation in 2000, job rotation of security guards have greatly difference and lead to many problems. 'Surely secured' and 'securing people' are the two main goals for the Special Service Organization. It's a big task to get balance between both goals and inheritance of experience cannot be obtained from books. The characteristic of distinct ranks and professional division of labor of the secret service center coincides with bureaucratic culture (Wallach, 1983). The inheritance of professional knowledge of the secret service via inner and external translations is connected with the outward and inward strategy (Nonaka & Konno, 1988). The organization of the secret service consists of superintendents, subordinates, and mentors (Ragina et al. 2000). Among the relationships of master and apprentice, the enterprises mainly stress organizational commitment and behaviors of organizational citizens (Donaldson et al, 2000). Good relationships of master and apprentice positively benefit educational learning and professional growth (Chen-Yu Lee, 2002). Medical students accumulate medical knowledge and professional skills (Yu- Fung kau, 2006). The objective of the research is to investigate the impact of bureaucratic culture and knowledge transference on members' career commitment and job satisfaction in the Special Service Organization. The hypotheses on the study are as follows: bureaucratic culture in the Special Service Organization would has the significant influence on members' career commitment, job satisfaction, and mentorship; mentorship would has the significant influence on members' career commitment and job satisfaction; knowledge transference would has the significant influence on members' career commitment, job satisfaction, and mentorship; mentorship as a mediator in bureaucratic culture and knowledge transference in the Special Service Organization would have statistically significant influence on members' career commitment and job satisfaction. A questionnaire survey is adopted as the research method and the samples of the study are employees in Special Service Organization. A total of 240 questionnaires were returned and only 201 valid questionnaires are analyzed in the study with IBM SPSS. Statistics v19. The findings are as follows: bureaucratic culture in the Special Service Organization has no significant influence on members' career commitment and mentorship, but job satisfaction; mentorship has significant influence on members' career commitment and job satisfaction; knowledge transference has significant influence on members' career commitment, job satisfaction, and mentorship; mentorship as a mediator in bureaucratic culture in the Special Service Organization has no significant influence on members' career commitment and job satisfaction, but knowledge transference; varied demographic variables of the study have no significant difference on different variables but spouses if in the state of being employed and age have some significant meaning. The research provides some suggestions as following: building sound and fair evaluation culture to boost the job satisfaction; making new comers in the Special Service Organization learn professional knowledge and skills via knowledge transference in the short time; setting counseling mechanism to improve the inheritance of professional knowledge of the secret service; letting new comers obtain mental and practical rewards to increase members' career commitment and job satisfaction. Increasing the job satisfaction enhances the organization development and members' career commitment.


Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have received tremendous attention recently due to their power in handling graph data for different downstream tasks across different application domains. The key of GNN is its graph convolutional filters, and recently various kinds of filters are designed. However, there still lacks indepth analysis on (1) Whether there exists a best filter that can perform best on all graph data; (2) Which graph properties will influence the optimal choice of graph filter; (3) How to design appropriate filter adaptive to the graph data. In this paper, we focus on addressing the above three questions. We first propose a novel assessment tool to evaluate the effectiveness of graph convolutional filters for a given graph. Using the assessment tool, we find out that there is no single filter as a 'silver bullet' that perform the best on all possible graphs. In addition, different graph structure properties will influence the optimal graph convolutional filter's design choice. Based on these findings, we develop Adaptive Filter Graph Neural Network (AFGNN), a simple but powerful model that can adaptively learn task-specific filter. For a given graph, it leverages graph filter assessment as regularization and learns to combine from a set of base filters. Experiments on both synthetic and real-world benchmark datasets demonstrate that our proposed model can indeed learn an appropriate filter and perform well on graph tasks.


The correlation between morphology, mechanical properties, and micromechanical deformation behavior of the blends consisting of an asymmetric styrene/butadiene star block copolymer (ST2-S74, total styrene volume content ΦPS = 0.74) and general-purpose polystyrene (GPPS) was investigated using transmission electron microscopy and uniaxial tensile testing. Addition of 20 wt % of GPPS to the block copolymer resulted in a drastic reduction in strain at break, indicating the existence of critical PS lamella thickness Dc. Above Dc lamellar block copolymers displayed a transition from ductile to brittle behavior, substantiating the mechanism of thin layer yielding proposed for lamellar star block copolymers. The blends showed a variety of deformation structures ranging from classical crazelike zones to those with internal shearlike components. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1208–1218, 2004


1 Pediatric Oncology Branch, NCI, CCR, Bethesda, MD, USA 2 Biostatistics and Data Management Section, NCI, Bethesda, MD, USA 3 University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA 4 University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 5 MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA 6 University of Pennsylvania, Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA 7 University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA 8 Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA 9 University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA 10The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK 11Levine Cancer Center, Charlotte, NC, USA 12Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA 13University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA 14Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA 15Women's Malignancies Branch, NCI, Bethesda, MD, USA 16SARC, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 17University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA


The name "Berlin School" refers to the group of composers who worked in the orchestra of Frederick the Great in Berlin. The first musicians were engaged in 1732, and the group expanded rapidly to its full strength of about 42 after Frederick's coronation in 1740. All of the most significant composers were engaged in the first 10 years. Most of these composers wrote music for the viola da gamba, an instrument which by 1740 was already becoming obsolete in most places. The gamba composers are C. P. E. Bach, F. Benda, C. H. Graun, J. G. Graun, J. G. Janitsch and C. Schaffrath. They were encouraged to write for the viola da gamba by the presence in the orchestra from 1741 of Ludwig Christian Hesse, one of the last great virtuosi of the viola da gamba. Hesse was taught by his father Ernst Christian Hesse, who studied the French style in Paris. Hesse junior brought the French style to Berlin, where the Berlin School composers produced a synthesis of French and Italian styles by applying French textural techniques, some of them specific to the viola da gamba, to Italian forms. This study shows how the unique situation which existed in Berlin produced the last major corpus of music written for the viola da gamba. This music was the result of close collaboration between Hesse and the Berlin School composers.


Research progress in composite electrolyte materials for intermediate-to-low temperature solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)was introduced.The structure design,preparation,enhanced mechanism of conductivity and performance of single cell of Y doped ZrO2/insulator,doped CeO2/insulator,doped CeO2/inorganic salt and proton conductor based composite electrolyte materials were mainly reviewed.The possibility,existed problems and development trend of nanocomposite electrolyte materials applied in intermediate-to-low temperature SOFC were pointed out.


This paper presents results of a pilot project for the development of a foreign text comprehension assistant. This tool provides word, phrase and simple sentence translation between the languages of the Baltic countries (Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian) and widely used European languages (English, German, French and Russian). The paper presents the general architecture of the system, describes its main constituents and outlines difficulties in multilingual phrase translation. The system demonstrates original adaptation of rule based techniques and statistical methods to deal with language specificities, such as inflectional word forms, free word order, and the lack of sizeable, sufficiently representative parallel corpora.


Common pathogen distribution and drug resistance of blood culture samples in the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from 2009 to 2012 was investigated using BACTEC9240 full-automatic blood culture of American BD Company and its accessory cultural bottles. All the isolated pathogens were carried out bacterial identification and drug sensitivity tests adopting French Biomerieux Vitel-2 and / or BD Pheonenix 100 and the data were analyzed their bacterial spectrum and drug resistance by WHONET 5. 6 software. The results showed that 3 295 pathogens were isolated from 28 179 blood culture samples with the positive rate at 11. 69%,among them 1 649 strains( 50. 05%) were Gram-positive cocci,1 331 strains( 40. 39%) were Gram-negative bacilli,and 112 strains( 3. 4%) were fungi. The highest isolation rate of bacteria was coagulase-negative staphylococcus( 34.26%),followed by E. coli( 10. 44%),Klebsiella pneumoniae( 8. 22%),Acinetobacter baumannii( 5. 13%),Staphylococcus aureus( 4. 8%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa( 3.28%),and Enterococcus faecalis( 3.28%). The drug susceptibility of staphylococci to linezolid,vancomycin,and teicoplanin were highly sensitive. Methicillin-resistant isolates accounted for46. 20% among S. aureus. Methicillin-resistant isolates accounted for 85. 74% among coagulase-negative staphylococcus. The susceptibility of gram-negative bacilli( except A. baumannii) to carbapenems was relatively high. The resistance rates of Gram-negative bacilli to cephalosporins and quinolones were relatively high. The detection rates of extraspectrum β-lactamase producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae accounted for 57. 56% and 36. 9% respectively. Pathogens that caused bacteremia are of various species,many of them has fairly high rate of drug resistance,and clinician should pay attention to the pathogenic changes and drug resistance to modify antibiotic treatment timely.


This applied research study was conducted with the aim of examining the effect of money stock, inflation rate and exchange rate on stock price index in Iran during 2001-08. For this purpose, a model was presented along with three hypotheses through library studies in order to explore the relationships between research constructs. Research hypotheses about the effect of money stock, inflation rate and exchange rate on stock price index were then tested through field research and monthly market data. Collected data was analyzed by using Microfits software and Eviews6 software as well as statistical methods of cointegration test and unit root tests, vector auto regression model (VAR), implicit response function, and analysis of variance. The findings indicated that money stock has a direct relationship with stock price; inflation rate has a reverse relationship with stock price; and exchange rate has a reverse relationship with stock price. These findings were then interpreted and explained, and eventually, based on the findings, some suggestions were


Fountain grass (Pennisetum setaceum), perceived as one of the most disruptive alien species in Hawai`i, has threatened native ecosystems below 3,940 ft (1,200 m) elevation in Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park for about 30 years. Because this species has spread rapidly to high densities on the leeward side of Hawai`i Island, invaded bare lava flows (which results in disruption of primary succession), has a broad elevational range (sea level to 6,500 ft (2,000 m) elevation), and has a tendency to raise fuel loadings, efforts to control this hardy bunchgrass have been part of the program of resource management at Hawai`i Volcanoes since the early 1960s. In an attempt to increase efficacy of fountain grass control, data on distribution of the grass, treatment effectiveness, and work load requirements were collected beginning in 1979. On the basis of the information obtained from observation and control attempts, five management strategies were proposed in 1986; three of these have since been adopted to control this threat to Park ecosystems.


One-atmosphere melting data show that Apollo 11 samples are near cotectic. Melting relations at pressures up to 35 kilobars show that clinopyroxenite or amphibole peridotite are possible lunar interiors. Mascons cannot be eclogite; they may be ilmenite accumulate. Hot lunar surface material will boil off alkalis.


Objective Myasthenia gravis(MG) is a T cell-dependent antibody-mediated autoimmune disease.In this study,we observed the distribution characteristics of T cell subsets in the peripheral blood and analyzed their corrections with the prognosis of MG. Methods We measured the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+T cells by flow cytometry,and compared the distribution characteristics of T cell subsets in MG patients of different ages,sexes and clinical stages.We followed up the patients for 3 to 14 months after treatment with anticholinesterase,corticosteroids or thymectomy,and analyzed the correlation between the distribution of T cell subsets and clinical outcomes.Results The percentage of CD8+ T cells was significant decreased and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells was increased in the MG group as compared with the controls,but there was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of CD4+ T cells between the two groups.The abnormalities of T cell subsets in MG showed no correlation with sex and clinical stages,while the ratio of CD4+/CD8+T cells rose with the increase of the patients' age.The prognosis of MG was not correlated with the percentage of T cell subsets in the peripheral blood of the patients treated with anticholinesterase alone.Corticosteroid medication and thymectomy achieved fairly good results in those with decreased percentage of CD8+ T cells and increase ratio of CD4+/CD8+ cells before treatment.Conclusion There is an abnormal distribution of T cell subsets in MG patients,which becomes more obvious with the increase of age but is not related to the sex of the patients and clinical stages of the disease.Those with abnormality of T cell subsets respond favorably to corticosteroids or thymectomy.Determining the percentage of T cell subsets in the peripheral blood is significant for clinical treatment and outcome evaluation.