The production process of grey particles in high energy, nucleus-nucleus collisions is investigated in this paper. The comparison of the experimental mulitiplicity distributions with the calculations reveals that the statistical model well describes the production of grey particles. The correlation between the number of participating target N, the impact parameter b and the multiplicity of grey particles n_g is studied.


The use of reusable cups as a solution for the issues on waste and environment destruction has been brought up and is not that of a new topic. Although this has been an issue for decades and there had been suggested solutions, we still could not solve the problem until now. The issue is getting worse with the recent expansion of the hot beverage business market. I believe we have to change our perspective on how we view the problem. It's not that people can not recognize or are ignoring this problem, they just have a hard time putting it into action. It is necessary to find out if there is a more fundamental problem in the series of actions required to the people to solve the problem. In this perspective, this research first checks whether the customers of the hot beverage business, that use the largest amount of disposal cups, are aware of the issue. Next, if they are aware find out what stops them from taking action. Finally, by proposing new solutions for the causes, help the consumers actively reduce the consumption of disposable cups and rather use reusable cups instead. In order to approach the goal that was mentioned beforehand, I have visited a local beverage shop that had the biggest crowd of customers and conducted a survey and interviews. (Appendix B) Through this process of involving in the scene, it was able to define the substantial problems, while also applying the most representative behavioral change theory, 'Stage of Change Theory'. This


Objective To explore the effects of continuous humidified heating airway on the laryngeal carcinoma patients with tracheotomy.Methods Eighty-six laryngeal carcinoma patients with tracheotomy were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group.44 of them in the treatment group performed continuous humidified heating of airway while 42 patients performed routine nursing.Indictors including irritation of respiratory tract,phlegm callus formation,the degree of sputum viscosity,airway bleeding,lower respiratory infections,the mean number of days suction,suction volume and mean oxygen saturation were measured and compared between two groups.Results The continuous humidify heating nursing was better than the traditional nursing in all indicators.Conclusions The effect of continuous humidified heating nursing is better than the traditional humidity method and the operation of it is simple,so it is applicable for clinical nursing.

Key words:
Laryngeal Neoplasm; Tracheotomy; Airway Humidification; Nursing


Consumer interest to plant peppers this time began to increase, in line with the need for a clear marketing pattern of distribution is a very useful plant. In Bali, the demand for this crop has increased from year to year. The issue of marketing margin distribution channels and gain peppers from Denpasar to Baturiti unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine: (1) the number and types of distribution channels Kecamatan Baturiti peppers from Tabanan regency to the consumers in Denpasar City, (2) the differences between marketing and profit margins on every distribution channel Baturiti peppers from Tabanan to Denpasar City, (3) the differences marketing margins and profits are the highest and lowest of distribution channels peppers. The research method used is qualitative research and the type is survey research with a research instrument is direct interviews.The sampling technique used in this study is purposive sampling, in order to obtain samples as follows: 30% of the sample farmers (14 people), 8 collectors, 4 wholesalers, and retailers 7. There are two results of this study, namely: (1) there are 5 peppers marketing distribution channels through the district of Tabanan Baturiti to Denpasar consumer, (2) the greatest marketing margin distribution channels contained in line-5 that was Rp 22.000,00 (220%) and the smallest marketing margin contained in the distribution line-1 was Rp 6.667,00 (62.50%), the largest profit margins was in line-5 with the amount Rp 20.000,00 (203.24%), the smallest profit margin was on distribution line-1 with the amount Rp 5.856,00 (54.90%). Thus, it can be concluded that the size of the marketing margin in line with the size of the profit margin.


We discuss the generation and detection of coherent acoustic phonons in GaN/InGaN superlattices, multiple quantum wells, and epilayers via ultrafast laser excitation. We show that the generation of the acoustic phonons is driven by the ultrafast photoexcitation of electron-hole pairs in the InGaN layers. Under typical conditions, a complicated microscopic theory including the effects of strain induced piezoelectric fields and valence band mixing can be mapped onto a simpler problem: a loaded uniform string with a non- uniform loading function. The string model allows one to obtain analytic solutions under a variety of conditions. We find that in the superlattices and multi-quantum wells, the frequency of oscillation is related to the superlattice period, whereas in the epilayers and single quantum wells, the frequency of oscillation is related to the velocity of sound and the wavelength of the probe laser. In epilayers, we show that the coherent phonons are actually localized wavepackets that can be used as a powerful probe of nano- scale structures. Finally, we look at the application of multiple laser pulses a a means to coherently control the dynamics of the acoustic phonons.


When we measure the state of Particle 1, then, according to quantum physics, the joint state changed into either into |0102⟩ or into |1112⟩. Thus, the state of the second particle – as described by the wave function – immediately changed too. When the particles are separated, this action-at-a-distance seems to contradict special relativity, according to which all speeds are limited by the speed of light c; this is the essence of the EPR paradox.


At present, organizations are implementing different management models in their organizations in order to be able to evaluate the results in front of the different social factors of the context, thus creating a responsible corporate image.
In Colombia, the implementation and management from the perspective of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has adopted in most productive sectors with the purpose of creating a culture of transparency in the company, ethical behavior, respect for stakeholders, respect for human rights and sustainable development.
This work is part of the development of the concept of CSR both internationally and nationally. Additionally, the coffee productive sector is considered as an analysis element because it is an important and representative line of the Colombian economy, which is notable for the application of environmental processes related to the use of natural resources and the disposal of waste. Likewise, environmental responsibility initiatives and their application in this sector are analyzed in accordance with the regulations and proposals given by international entities.


Cross-lingual natural language understanding~(NLU) aims to train NLU models on a source language and apply the models to NLU tasks in target languages, and is a fundamental task for many cross-language applications. Most of the existing cross-lingual NLU models assume the existence of parallel corpora so that words and sentences in source and target languages could be aligned. However, the construction of such parallel corpora is expensive and sometimes infeasible. Motivated by this challenge, recent works propose data augmentation or adversarial training methods to reduce the reliance on external parallel corpora. In this paper, we propose an orthogonal and novel perspective to tackle this challenging cross-lingual NLU task (i.e., when parallel corpora are unavailable). We propose to conduct multi-task learning across different tasks for mutual performance improvement on both source and target languages. The proposed multi-task learning framework is complementary to existing studies and could be integrated with existing methods to further improve their performance on challenging cross-lingual NLU tasks. Towards this end, we propose a multi-task adversarial framework for cross-lingual NLU, namely Macular. The proposed Macular includes a multi-task module and a task-specific module to infer both the common knowledge across tasks and unique task characteristics. More specifically, in the multi-task module, we incorporate a task adversarial loss into training to ensure the derivation of task-shared knowledge only by the representations. In the task-specific fine-tuning module, we extract task-specific knowledge which is not captured by the multi-task module. A task-level consistency loss is added to the training loss so that consistent predictions across a target task and an auxiliary task (i.e., the task that is the most similar to the target task) are achieved. A language adversarial loss is also incorporated so that knowledge can be transferred from source languages to target ones. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed Macular, we conduct extensive experiments on four public datasets including paraphrase identification, natural language understanding, question answering matching, and query advertisement matching. The experimental results show that the proposed Macular can outperform state-of-the-art cross-lingual NLU approaches.


Submersible motors for oil field are slim and long,and the crook or distortion would lead to low efficiency or deviant working,thus measuring and straighteningthe interior of submersible motor stators is an important procedure when submersible motors are being made or maintained.An instrument was designed and realized to measure the stator interior,based on the electrical vortex sensor.It was designed with maintainability and reliability,so that it could be maintained in a short time without a present professional maintain man.Additionally,themeasuring precision was increased by software.Consequently,it hasn't delayed work since it was brought into use,whichsuggested that the design was successful.


This research it´s about the frequency of using the knowledge strategies and the development of abilities of the English as second language in ACSH UAN students, this gives an enhanced programs of the curriculum elaboration, beginning from the way the student´s, appropriates of own knowledge. To determine the following, we made a review that shows the frequency on the use of the oral, reading, writing, listening and grammar abilities, the results obtained shows the need to develop better learning strategies to help students handling a second language. The results obtained also serves, as empiric evidence, to Superior Education Centers to check and redesign the actual programs and teaching techniques, because nowadays we need that student learn and develop these strategies that are not currently part of the curricula.


Two different Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) instabilities are found to coexist in experiments where an electric field, together with injection of charge, is applied perpendicularly onto an interface between air and a very low-conducting liquid. One is the classical EHD instability, while the other is the so-called Rose-window instability. A prelimary theoretical analysis is made of the effect upon the interface instability of a certain residual ohmic conductivity in the liquid. The rise of charge density in the liquid near the interface is enhanced by the presence of the residual conductivity, which could favour the generation of low wave-number instabilities.


The development of fruit, seed and plastids in the inner seed coat of Cyclanthera explodens Naud. was studied. Large amounts of protochlorophyll, in at least three different in vivo-forms, accumulated during maturation and was 14 mg/g fresh weight of the inner seed coat in mature seeds. In earlier stages plastid-membrane-lipids increased simultaneously with the pigment. This could also be seen in electron micrographs as an increased amount of membranes. During later stages the amount of pigment continued to increase without an increase in the lipids. At this stage large crystalloids were found in the plastids. The data presented led to the conclusion that the protochlorophyll form fluorescing at 691 nm is crystalline.


Flying boat is a fixed-wing airplane capable of landing and taking off on water, and its performance, evaluated by its sea-keeping ability, strongly depends on sea conditions. A Flying boat with good sea-keeping ability can reduce impacts from waves and runs safely and smoothly under a certain sea state. However, sea-keeping ability is still the key problem that hinders its development and application. In this paper, based on the mathematical model of a flying boat, a simulation system predicting the motions of the flying boat on an irregular wave is built, and a controller deduced by active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) and Tagaki-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy reasoning is applied to improve the sea-keeping ability. The simulation results show that the flying boat has good performances for tracking the surface of waves, reducing impact from water, and making the flying boat take off on three water conditions safely (calm water, water with regular wave and water with irregular wave respectively).


This paper proposes a homogeneous pragmatic approach to the
interpretation of Polar Question also known as
yn-question. Maintaining a classical semantic interpretation of a
question as the set of its possible answers the attention will focus
on the pragmatic impact of these kinds of linguistic objects. In
particular a general condition of use for Polar Question will be
proposed in order to give an account of the appropriateness of
different types of questions with the same semantic representation.
By means of this notion some facts about the relation between
questions, contexts of use and speakers' beliefs will be pointed out.


As the use of microirrigation expands, the need to analyze large systems (10,000 emitters or more) becomes more important. The purpose of this research was to improve the design of large microirrigation systems using the finite element method and the virtual emitter system without ignoring minor head losses due to network components. The solution procedure involves a second-order partial differential equation that describes the flow in a microirrigation system. This equation is solved numerically using the Galerkin's formulation of the finite element method. Network components are included in the hydraulic analysis by adding their contributions to the nodal equations rather than treating them as separate elements. Results agreed strongly with those obtained from existing pipe-network analysis programs. While some error was introduced by the virtual node concept, it was small (negligible most often) and may be reduced further by partitioning each lateral into two or more virtual elements. The proposed method requires less computer time and memory utilization for analyzing a given microirrigation system while preserving the accuracy of the hydraulic analysis by incorporating the contributions of network components.


Wear behaviour of the cross sectional area of human enamel at a micrometer scale was studied with a nanoindenter transducer mounted on an AFM stage. Wear was applied by scanning a diamond indenter tip over a certain area with a load higher than typical for surface imaging. A conical tip with a radius of ∼400 nm was used. Single lines of linearly incremented load were also scratched. The rounded tip mainly compresses the near surface material, and under certain conditions, fractures and removes material from the sample. A threshold load of 400 µN for removing material was determined after scanning the sample with 50, 100 and 200 µN without observing any spalled material, but deformed areas. The area of the worn surfaces was 2 × 2 µm2 since otherwise the tip crossed more than one mineral rod. Crossing a rod leads to a different condition under the tip due to the change in fibril orientation between the rods. For the 'rounded' tip the abrasion rate was larger under atmospheric conditions compared to the immersed in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), when depth profiles were measured by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) imaging. However, similar results for both conditions were obtained when analysing the displacement data got from the transducer.


It is proposed that both digital and analog predistortion (DPD, APD) be used to cancel intermodulation distortion (IMD) in a dual band transmitter. DPD reduces IMDs near the carrier frequencies whereas APD cancels IMDs located at multiples of the carrier frequency separation. It is shown that linearization using memoryless basis waveforms provides cancellation of the dominant IMD modes when the two bands are processed separately within both the DPD and APD modules.


Background: Hematological parameters can reflect potential morbidity in premature neonates. Complete blood count (CBC) is a common laboratory examination in neonatal wards, including hematological parameters. Changes may occur during the neonatal period due to gestational age (GA)-related physiological mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to examine CBC in premature neonates at birth and in the first week of life.Methods: This prospective study was performed in the neonatal ward of a general hospital in Bandung, Indonesia. A total of 53 premature neonates, including 31 males and 22 females, classified as G1 (with 28-31 weeks of gestation) and G2 (with 32-34 weeks of gestation), were examined for CBC. The sequential blood samples of both cord blood at birth and peripheral venous blood in the first week of life (i.e., days 2-7) were drawn. The obtained data were analyzed based on the GA at birth and in the first week of life. The CBC at birth and in the first week of life were also compared.Results: At birth, younger premature neonates (i.e., G1 group) showed lower platelet counts, compared to the older ones (i.e., G2 group). In the first week of life, the G1 group showed significantly lower platelet counts and eosinophil counts, compared to the G2 group. Both groups demonstrated a significant decrease in hemoglobin, leukocytes, basophils, and neutrophils, but increased platelet counts in the first week of life.Conclusion: Younger premature neonates indicated lower hematological parameters at birth and in the first week of life. All the premature neonates showed a significant reduction in most hematological parameters in the first week of life.


tájékoztatásban szerepe háttérbe szorul az egyéb lehetőségek mellett. A vizsgálat rámutatott a felelősségteljes szemléletmód formálásának optimális idejére, ami elősegítheti a személyiségfejlődést és az egészséges szexuális viselkedés megalapozása által hosszútávon a testi-lelki egészség fenn-tartásának is kedvez. Abstract: The population of Hungary is decreasing; new generations' aim to have children plays a decisive role in the demographic situation of our country. Young people arrive at the different stages of personal life, such as steady relationship and marriage later, but they start their sexual life earlier than previous generations did. The purpose of our research was to study the sexual behavior and knowledge of high school students in Miskolc, than to find out family's influence on factors above. According to the results of the questionnaire (150 pieces), significant number of students between 15 and 17 already had relationship. Majority of them is not active sexually. Students who experienced sexual relations started that at the first period of high school years. The participants' knowledge about sexual protection is mainly decent, but the role of parents in giving information about safe sexual life is de-em-phasized by other sources. The results showed the appropriate time of establishing proper knowledge and responsible morals, which can be useful in personal development, and pre-serving health conditions in a long term.


Variation in organismal development is ubiquitous in nature but omitted from most age- and stage-structured population models. I give a general approach for formulating and analyzing its role in density-independent population models using the framework of integral projection models. The approach allows flexible assumptions, including correlated development times among multiple life stages. I give a new Monte Carlo numerical integration approach to calculate long-term growth rate, its sensitivities, stable age–stage distributions and reproductive value. This method requires only simulations of individual life schedules, rather than iteration of full population dynamics, and has practical and theoretical appeal because it ties easily implemented simulations to numerical solution of demographic equations. I show that stochastic development is demographically important using two examples. For a desert cactus, many stochastic development models, with independent or correlated stage durations, can generate the ...


Numerous groups have recommended the use of the diode laser to decontaminate infected root and implant surfaces. The aim of this study was to show the outcome after laser assisted and conventional therapy of periimplantitis and periodontitis administering approved treatment protocols. Between 1994 and 1999 a total of 50 patients with periimplantitis (20) and periodontitis (30) were treated in two groups each. Clinical, microbiological and radiographic evaluation was performed before and 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months after treatment. In addition to the conventional treatment protocol, flap surgery, the tooth or implant surface was decontaminated with a 810 nm diode laser using 1 Watt output for 20 sec (CW mode). All accessible surfaces were decontaminated at the follow up dates. In the periimplantitis group recurrence of the marker bacteria was higher and faster over time for the conventionally operated patients. Also the clinical and radiographic reevaluation showed significantly better results. The laser group of the periodontitis patients also showed significantly better outcome in terms of clinical evaluation, microbiological counts, radiographic evaluation and tooth loss. In comparison to other long term studies our results for the conventional therapy were adequate, the laser assisted therapy brought up significantly better and reproducible results.


This study aims to describe associations between the occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi and parasitic flies of the family Muscidae and behaviors presented by these flies parasitized in an urban fragment of semideciduous forest in Brazil. Were recorded two species of entomopathogenic fungi parasitizing flies collected for the first time in the localities, E. muscae and O. sp. Different from Diptera parasitized by different fungi behaviors were observed. These new records of occurrence, along with data on their hosts, suggest that many species of this group have not yet registered.


We can analyze the new Biden administration, its personnel, and the policies it is likely to follow, especially on the all-important questions of the climate crisis and U.S. grand strategy toward China, by looking at the Council on Foreign Relations.


SUMMARY In this paper, we propose a method for establishing the period of time required for the conversion from conventional agriculture to organic farming. The method is based on the quality of the agricultural practices carried out by the farmers, Quantitative and qualitative information about type of culture, inputs, including dose and danger of fertilisers and pesticides, and agricultural practices is obtained from personal inquiries from farmers. Once the results are analysed, an index is derived which establishes the degree of difficulty for conversion to organic farming. The method has been applied to 75 plots in Enguera and Anna. Physical and chemical soil properties have been analysed in 49 of these plots.


We present an algorithm for estimating a sequence of articulated upper-body human pose in unconstrained videos. Most previous work often fails to locate forearms in those video scenes suffering from illumination varieties, background clutter, camera shake, or occlusion. In order to deal with such intractable cases, we propose a novel algorithm for addressing the problem of certain body parts localization. The proposed approach can be roughly divided into two steps: first, a spatial model is designed to capture the high-order relationship between adjacent parts and meanwhile to generate a set of configurations in each frame under the temporal context constraint; second, a competitive method is presented to select the best body parts among diverse pose configurations. In this paper, the proposed algorithm focuses on the unconstrained video scenes and improves the detection precision of certain body parts with high degree of freedom. Moreover, the proposed algorithm can be well applied to a very challenging dataset named Movies. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can dramatically improve performance compared with those related algorithms on two benchmark datasets (MPII and SHPED datasets) and on our Movies dataset.


Abstract: A cross-sectional survey on sexual activity of out-of-school youth (15-24 years), and their knowledge and attitude towards STDs and HIV/AIDS was done in Awassa in June 1995. Most (94.4%) study subjects knew about HIV/AIDS, whereas, a lesser proportion of them knew the common STDs other than HIV/AIDS. Few of them were aware that the two are inter-related, one facilitating the transmission of the other. Forty-nine percent of the respondents (mean age 17+2 years) claimed to have started sex before the study date. Of these, 27.6% reported condom use during their most recent coitus. Thirty-six percent of the sexually active subjects admitted to have had more than one sex partner during the past 6 months (mean = 2.9+2). Lack of adequate knowledge, being careless often times, fear that condom will reduce sexual excitement, and pressure from sex partners appeared to be the common reasons for less use of condom during sex. The majority (91.0%) agreed that sex education and family life education for young people should be started early in life; in fact a quarter of them suggested as early as 10-12 years. It was concluded that out-of-school youth are sexually active; a considerable number of the sexually active are not practicing safe sex; and even if they have information about HIV/AIDS and STDs, it was not strong enough to bring about any significant behavioral change. This warrants the need for a continued expansion of Information, Education and Communication (IEC) linked with services to the youth, particularly the out-of-school youth which are at a higher risk. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 1998;12(1):17-22]


Abstract The Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) is an efficient method to ensure a low probability of undetected errors in data transmission using a checksum as a result of polynomial division. However, this probability depends extremely on the polynomial used. Although CRC is well established in communication, it is still a challenge to identify suitable polynomials. The determination of their characteristics becomes very complex in safety-critical applications, where many data have to be exchanged with minimal residual error probability. This complexity is handled by means of deterministic and stochastic automata in the presented solution.


Gatherers and farmers of ancient fimes carefully used to balance food production with the availability of environmental resources. In contrast, today's societies are increasingly bringing the environments closer to their limits. Despite growing concerns about this problem, agricultural research faces a crisis of decreased support and funding. Based on past successes of agricultural research, economists have become relatively sanguine about future increases in crop yield, which is the main cause of this decreasing support. We caution against this optimism and shox that it is unlikely that the successes of the past can be repeated. Interdisciplinary and new research is needed to assure that in future everyone has access to sufficient food to live a healthy and productive life. For the above mentioned reasons the discussion paper develops a definition of agricultural science from a cultural-sustained development of the global food production system.


The purpose of this article is to shed light on the continuity and discontinuity of the colonial period into the 1960s by analyzing the process of building human resources and the introduction of technology in the 1950s. Korea's economy went through turbulent times immediately after liberation. However, the Korean government and the U.S. Military Government in Korea prepared a relatively systematic training program to fill the technical void. This training policy that provided technicians and skilled laborers was begun under a directive of the U.S. Military Government Office, but Koreans who had accumulated technical and administrative abilities during the colonial period led the effort. This systematic policy entailed: 1) sending people abroad in order to cultivate highly skilled technicians; 2) implementing license examinations to verify diverse skills learned from various regions; and 3) short-term training in order to secure a stable supply of skilled laborers. The U.S. Military Government Office reconfigured school education, resulting in a rapid expansion in the number of science and engineering students who graduated starting in the mid- 1950s. Raw materials and partially finished products increased until the mid- 1950s and played an important role in industrial rebuilding. In conclusion, this paper sheds light on the introduction of technology since the mid-1950s in preparation for full-scale industrialization in the 1960s. The establishment of human resources and the introduction of technology can be considered a legacy of colonial days in terms of the system and main manager, but it was also a process of creating a new Koreanized system of supplying human resources via vocational education, dispatch of highly skilled technicians, and the introduction of technology.


In a direct-acting mechanical bucket tappet–type valvetrain, the cam and tappet contact is responsible for about 85% of the total valvetrain frictional losses. Because this contact operates primarily in a mixed lubrication regime, it offers an opportunity for friction reduction through surface engineering. The friction reduction potential of thin Mn-phosphate coating, diamond-like carbon coating, and polishing on the bucket surface was explored using a motored valvetrain rig equipped with 3.5L V6 engine head. The durability of tappets and cam lobes was also evaluated using a different motored valvetrain rig consisting of a single lobe and a single tappet. The polished buckets demonstrated substantial friction benefit over current production buckets at all speeds investigated. The diamond-like carbon coated buckets did not show any additional friction reduction benefit. The wear data demonstrated much less wear with polished buckets and also for cam lobes when in contact with polished buckets compared to current production buckets and cam lobes. The composition of antiwear surface films on polished buckets was found to be similar to that on current production buckets.


We apply the Lamb wave resonators (LWRs) in microfluidic field, and design a novel MEMS device consisting of 4 LWRs, that can efficiently drive multiple cylindrical vortices and locally enrich the bioparticles in liquid. The acoustic streaming effects in the fluid induced by the LWR is deduced. A numerical simulation method to compute the acoustic streaming effect is presented, and based on which, a 3D finite element model for the LWR inducing acoustic streaming is built. An LWR array consisting of 4 resonators is designed, simulated and fabricated. The simulation model predicts the distributions of multiple micro-vortices induced by the LWR array and the concentration of the particles in the vortices. Experimentally, we demonstrate that, the LWR array device, can efficiently drive multiple horizontal cylindrical vortices in a 1 μL drop and further trapped the bioparticles at the center of the vortex, which shows a great potential for biomolecular manipulations and biosensing applications.


For the period 1970–71 to 1999–2000, the growth in area, production and yield crop in the J&K state has shown increasing trend. But, decade wise study maize has increased at the rate of 0.91 per cent but the other variables viz. yield and production showed declining trends. As per the results of the present study, the relative contribution of change in area (79.19 per cent) worked out to be highest as compared to yield (20.47 per cent) and interaction effect (0.33 per cent) on the maize production. Moreover, the fluctuations in maize production and its yield were aslo found to be more, which needs to be stabilized. Thus instead of enhancing maize acreage our main motive should be to increase the yield with the adoptation of latest technology and by using good quality of certified seeds of high yielding varieties of maize with large productivity potential.


A a r suit of recent policies by the Japane e government, the utilization of biomass, particularly wood l'esidues in renewable energy projects i becoming an important is ue. However, lhe practical implementation of bioma s en rgy involves challenges thal range from financial, economic and technical to ecure supply of th residue for the projects. Although ad anced tu dies have b en conducted related to these challenges, research is limited on th issue of secure supply of a ailable re idues. Therefore, a case study of a renewable energy project in Matsu aka ity located in the central part of the Japan, was conducted to addre s lhe i sue. De pite the cbaracleri tics f the project, the wood-proce log company' reluctance to supply wood re idue to the proposed power generalion plant remains a seriou hallenge. Thi tudy employs a logit model to analyze the factors responsible for lhis reiuc13.nt behavior and identify the deteoninants of the wo d company's preferences in managing their re idue. stimated resul of the model indicate that the economic factor is the mo t dominant along with geographical and 0 ial factors. lL is concluded that government policies for residue management and dioxin control could contribute significantly to detennining the preferences of the wood-processing companies.


 Abstract—This paper presents a tool for the visualization and simulation of automated stowage plan generation for large containership. The stowage plan is generated automatically based on a heuristic algorithm. The allocation algorithm generates different stowage plan in three main stages which includes basic allocation, special container allocation and various stages of stability adjustments. The purpose of this study is to describe how visualization of stowage plan and simulation of allocation sequences can help in the formulation of new and better stowage allocation algorithm.


With the development of Internet technology,the problem of network security become more and more highlighted,and the firewall technology appeared to protect network security.This article analyzes the application of the firewall in the network security including concepts,architecture,types and so on.


We present perturbative oscillation probabilities for electron and muon channels including non-standard interaction (NSI) effects. The perturbation was performed in standard parameters $\Delta m^2_{21}/\Delta m^2_{31}$ and $\sin^2{(\theta_{13})}$ as in non-standard interaction couplings. Our goal is to match non-standard parameters with the standard ones. This leads to oscillation probabilities with NSI compact and with functional structure similar to the Standard Oscillation (SO) case. Such formalism allows us to recognize degeneracies between standard oscillation parameters and NSI parameters. In such scenario, we also have an educated guess about the origin of the reported behavior of long-baseline experiments degeneracies, which should be due to marginalization on standard oscillation parameters $\delta_{\rm CP}$, $\theta_{23}$ and NSI parameters.


Based on the phenomenological theory of Camley and Barnas and coworkers (C-B), the dependence of magnetoresistance in Fe/Cr multilayers on the applied magne-tic field is calculated. In these multilayers an antiferromagnetic coupling exists between any two adjacent Fe-layers. The applied magnetic field is either parallel or perpendicular to the layers. Good agreement of the calculated results with the experimental ones is found. The symmetry implicitly involved in the C-B theory is disclosed and is used to simplify the original C-B formalism, this leads to the closed expressions for the distribution function of conducting electrons and for magnetore-sistance.


The present invention relates to a rubber composition based on at least one elastomer matrix, of a reinforcing filler and one vulcanization system, the elastomeric matrix comprising a highly saturated elastomer and from 0 to less than 30 phr of natural rubber , the diene elastomer containing highly saturated 1,3-diene units and more than 50% by mole of ethylene units, the vulcanization system comprising a salt of formula dithiosulfate MO3s-SAS-SO3M wherein the symbol a represents a group alkanediyl or a group comprising two or more alkanediyl units, which units are connected in pairs by means of an oxygen or sulfur atom, a group of the formula -SO2-, -NH-, -NH 2 + - , -N (C1-C16) - or -COO-, or an arylene or cycloalkylene group and the symbol M represents a metal atom. The invention achieves an improved compromise between the bubble formation in the rubber composition to the output of curing presses and hysteresis.


The effects of growth hormone (GH) replacement in elderly GH deficient (GHD) adults are not well known. Therefore we analysed the German KIMS database to compare the effects of a two year GH replacement therapy considering the age of patients. The analysis was performed by using data of 1,431 consecutively recruited patients (779 men and 652 women) with GHD aged 20 to 79 (median 44.95) years. Patients have been assigned to age related groups from 20–29 (n=223), 30–39 (n=304), 40–49 (n=300), 50–59 (n=360), 60–69 (n=179) and 70–79(n=65) years. All patients had severe GHD, defined as a peak GH response <3µg/l during ITT and/or a peak GH response <9µg/l during arginine-GHRH-test. The patients received a low starting dose of GH (0.1–0.3mg/day) as a daily s.c. injection that was adjusted individually for each patient according to the clinical response and serum IGF-1 concentrations. The mean daily doses of GH were 0.31±0.13mg/d after 6 months of treatment, and 0.29±0.15mg/d after 12 months of treatment. Most of the patients received additional hormone replacement therapy and were on optimal doses at recruitment. Patients were examined for body mass index (BMI) serum IGF-1, fasting lipid profile (triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol), blood pressure, heart rate and QoL-AGHDA score at baseline and two years after starting growth hormone replacement therapy. The IGF-1 and IGF-1 SDS-levels increased in all patient groups significantly. We detected a significant decrease in LDL-cholesterol in all groups except for the group of 70–79 (3.9 vs. 3.2mmol/l, p=0.06). GH replacement showed no significant changes in triglycerides (1.9 vs. 1.8mmol/l; p=0.66) or in HDL-cholesterol. The systolic or diastolic blood pressure (125 vs. 130mmHg; p=0.91 or 80 vs. 80mmHg; p=0.12) as well as the heart rate (72 vs. 72 b/min; p=0.05) remained unaffected. Blood glucose levels increased in the groups 30–39 and 40–49 only, without clinical impairment of glucose metabolism (4.4 vs. 4.5 and 4.5 vs. 4.7mmol/l p=0.001). The QoL-AGHDA score improved in all groups significantly (8 vs. 4; p<0.01). This study identifies elderly GHD adults as a GH sensitive group in whom a low dose of GH can improve serum lipid profile without any significant impairment of glucose metabolism. Moreover, GH replacement resulted in a significant improvement in quality of life measured by QoL-AGHDA score. Therefore GH replacement should be considered in elderly GHD adults.


The method for tracking deformation of a metal part subjected to a pressure force (F) includes the steps of measuring the displacement (d) of the metal part in the deformation zone, of measuring the intensity of the pressure force (F), of calculating, during a first period, the constant ratio (α) between the intensity of the pressure force (F) and the displacement (d) of the metal part, and of determining, during a second period, displacement values (de) and (dp) related respectively to an elastic deformation and to a plastic deformation of the metal part from the constant ratio (α) and a displacement (da) measured during the said second period.


The use of orthometric height for various application is very significant. Ideally, orthometric height refers to geoid field. In practice, reference is often used is mean sea level (MSL) which is measured at one or several tidal stations. inter-tidal stations are not connected to each other, and the MSL difference of each tidal station can reach 2 m. It can lead to problems in the height system that very influential on the work that needs data of height, especially for the work that cover the region area. To overcome this problem, height system unification effort is needed. The purpose of this research is to unify the height system through the determination of sea surface topography (SST) which is produced by using a combination of tidal data, Envisat altimetry satellite, and hybrid geoid model of Java Island.
The main data that used in this research are tidal and Envisat altimetry satellite data in the period January 2010 to December 2010, with research sites in three tidal stations namely Cilacap, Sadeng and Prigi tide station. Evaluation is done by testing several weighting techniques to interpolate the value of the correction process. Spatial interpolation method used is Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) with weighting technique which is a technique I (equation (II.41)), the second technique (equation (II.42)), and the third technique (equation (II.46)). The best determination of weighting technique is based on the results of cross validation test. Testing is done by calculating a difference (deviation) between the value of SST modeling results and values of SST that serve as a reference accuracy (SST fix), which is the value of SST on Sadeng tidal station. The next best weighting technique used for SST modeling in Java. Finally, the unification of height system is controlled and analyzed by using the 3D data position of the tidal station from measurement of GPS and SST data, so that the unification of height system can be done absolutely.
The results of this research concluded that the MSL that are obtained from tide data in each tidal stations namely: Cilacap (22,752 m), Sadeng (22,529 m), and Prigi (27,545 m). The MSL from Envisat altimetry satellite data approximately between -10 to 40 m with an average value of 20,821 m. The evaluation result of weighting technique indicated that technique II is the best, with a deviation value of 0.019 m (1.9 cm). The evaluation result of SST model show that SST values in the southern coastal areas of Java Island ranged from 0.2 to 7.6 m. There are areas that have a SST values are quite extreme, which is in the position 108o E to 108.5o E with SST values above 6 m.


Background  Pulmonary arterial hypertension remains incurable and has previously required difficult parenteral therapy. Endothelin‐1(ET‐1) is an important mediator of pulmonary arterial hypertension. The recent availability of oral therapies, including endothelin receptor antagonists, has improved ease of use for patients, but most patients remain symptomatic to a significant degree. Two classes of ET‐1 receptors have been described, ETA and ETB. It has previously been unclear whether both receptors must be blocked in pulmonary arterial hypertension, or only the ETA receptor.


Sinclair Community College's Fast Forward Center is a strong collaboration of schools, business, and community partners addressing the needs of high school dropouts in Montgomery, Ohio. In nine years, 2,181 former dropouts have graduated high school, and the county dropout rate has been cut in half.


Objective To observe the clinical effect of rigid internal fixation in patients with maxillofacial fracture. Methods Forty-six patients with maxillofacial fracture from 1998 to 2004 in our hospital were enrolled, and they were treated with open reduction and titanium microplate or miniplate fixation. Intermaxillary traction and craniomaxilo fixation were performed as an adjuvant therapy for patients with compound maxillary and mandibular fractures. Results Forty-five patients recoverd in period I, only 1 patients resulted in delayed healing. Forty-four patients restored occlusive relationship, 2 patients developed local occlusive dysfunction. Conclusion Rigid internal fixation with titanium miniplate has the property of bony affinity and biocompatibility with accurate paraposition and stable fixation. It's an effective option for the healing of the fractures and functional recovery.


The paper describes a method that implements automatic upgrading of software in Server/Client pattern, the automatic upgrade software implements the upgrade for the third-party software by using HTTP/FTP and XML, uses XML to record the information of upgrade software, and uses INI to record the information of itself. This paper introduces the C/S configuration methods, and discusses the additional functions of using VC++ to write some key codes and scanning some sites. The software interface is beautified. This system has better universality and can be easily extended for document upgrade in different mode and different type.


The anticommunist crusade of the Federal Bureau of Investigation did not start with the Cold War. Based on research in the early files of the FBI's predecessor, the Bureau of Investigation, the author describes how the federal security officials played a decisive role in bringing about the first anticommunist hysteria in the US, the Red Scare in 1919 to 1920. The Bureau's political role, it is argued, originated in the attempt by the modern federal state during the early decades of the 20th century to regulate and control any organised opposition to the political, economic and social order.


This chapter returns to the witch imagery from Faust and Macbeth in exploring Nazi Germany's atrocities against the Jews. It reflects on how the German language—the author's language—was led astray by the hypocritical urgings of a mischievous will o' the wisp; stumbling over roots and snags even more treacherous than the linguistic minefield of the World War. Posing such questions is to query in the same breath the moral justification of questioning the Nazi seizure of power, an event of elemental force whose workings provide a link between the press and Kraus's bias against it. Moral justification would come not only from the desire to reject this link. The author goes about this with a greater degree of responsibility and with insight into the connection between both evils.


ABSTRACT Background The effect of renin–angiotensin system (RAS) blockade either by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) susceptibility, mortality and severity is inadequately described. We examined the association between RAS blockade and COVID-19 diagnosis and prognosis in a large population-based cohort of patients with hypertension (HTN). Methods This is a cohort study using regional health records. We identified all individuals aged 18–95 years from 87 healthcare reference areas of the main health provider in Catalonia (Spain), with a history of HTN from primary care records. Data were linked to COVID-19 test results, hospital, pharmacy and mortality records from 1 March 2020 to 14 August 2020. We defined exposure to RAS blockers as the dispensation of ACEi/ARBs during the 3 months before COVID-19 diagnosis or 1 March 2020. Primary outcomes were: COVID-19 infection and severe progression in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (the composite of need for invasive respiratory support or death). For both outcomes and for each exposure of interest (RAS blockade, ACEi or ARB) we estimated associations in age-, sex-, healthcare area- and propensity score-matched samples. Results From a cohort of 1 365 215 inhabitants we identified 305 972 patients with HTN history. Recent use of ACEi/ARBs in patients with HTN was associated with a lower 6-month cumulative incidence of COVID-19 diagnosis {3.78% [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.69–3.86%] versus 4.53% (95% CI 4.40–4.65%); P < 0.001}. In the 12 344 patients with COVID-19 infection, the use of ACEi/ARBs was not associated with a higher risk of hospitalization with need for invasive respiratory support or death [OR = 0.91 (0.71–1.15); P = 0.426]. Conclusions RAS blockade in patients with HTN is not associated with higher risk of COVID-19 infection or with a worse progression of the disease.


Most patients with developing class Ⅲ malocclusion display anterioposterior.Class Ⅲ malocclusion occurs because of undergrowth of the maxilla,overgrowth of the mandible or both.class Ⅲ profiles(maxillary retrusion and mandibular protrusion)impact function and feature of patients class Ⅲ malocclusion is one of the most difficult to treat.In treatment approach,a maxillary 2×4 appliance,MEAW,FRⅢ appliance,protraction of the maxilla or orthognathic were applicated.The key to successful treatment include thorough and accurate diagnosis,comprehensive treatment planning.


PURPOSE: An oral composition for increasing the absorption of a drug having low oral absorption is provided, thereby drastically increasing the oral absorption of the drug without resulting in side-effects. CONSTITUTION: The oral composition for increasing the absorption of a drug having low oral absorption contains a compound of formula(1), in which X is CN, carboxy, COOR10, SO2Ph or SPh; k, l, m and n are independently an integer of 0 to 4; R1 is hydrogen or C1 to C3 alkyl; R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 are independently hydrogen, hydroxy or C1 to C3 alkoxy; and R10 is C1 to C2 alkyl, in which the drug is Actinomycin D, Doxorubicin, Daunomycin, Vincristine, Vinblastine, Colchicine, Paclitaxel, Docetaxel, Etoposide, hydroxyrubicin, Cyclosporine A, FK-506, verapamil or nicardipine.


In this paper,the mechanism and the characteristics of the dispersion of the superfine powder in liquid are explained and also the different dispersing modes compared.The Evaluating principles of the dispersity of the superfine powder are summarized and the ways and the prospect of raising its dispersity are told as well.


Objective: To make a clinical evaluation of the Targis/Vectris restorations. Method: 102 Targis/Vectris restorations were recalled at 1,3,6 and 12 months in service after cementation respectively. The restorations were evaluated clinically according to the modified USPHS criteria. Results: The changes of the Targis/Vectris restorations for marginal adaptation, colour match, surface texture and so on were not obvious within 12 months. The successful rate of the restorations was 93.1%. Conclusion: The initial clinical results of the Targis/Vectris restorations are encouraging.


THE COMPLEXITIES OF LATIN AMERICA merit attention beyond information found in most social studies textbooks. Teachers and students can delve more deeply into key ideas and movements in Latin American history, politics, economics, geography, and cultures by using multiple notable sources now available. Educators can enrich their curriculum through their participation in study tours and language study. The annotated entries include 1) supplementary background materials for teachers and students, 2) journals, and 3) publishers. With a few exceptions of classic works, all of the entries were published after 1990. Some readers may also wish to refer to the article "Juvenile Literature for Latin American Cultural Studies," which listed nonfiction and fiction books for young readers, that appeared in the January/February 2002 issue of Social Studies and the Young Learner (vol. 14, no. 3). Background Materials Ancient Mexican Designs. Gregory Mirow. Dover. 1999. 48 pp. ISBN 0-486-40468-4. $5.95. This paperback volume includes some 240 black-and-white illustrations of pre-Columbian images, such as Aztec calendars, mythological characters, gods, and animals. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Latin America and the Caribbean. Cambridge University Press. 1992. This comprehensive reference book details the history, culture, politics, economics, and geography of Latin America and the Caribbean. It has short, thematically arranged articles with full-color illustrations. In addition to coverage of such topics as ancient civilizations, events of international significance, ethnic groups, the arts, and important writers, separate articles examine each country in the region. Design Motifs of Ancient Mexico. Jorge Enciso. Dover. 1947. 153 pp. ISBN 0-486-20084-1. $8.95. The books contains black-and-white reproductions of 766 original, unabridged, unaltered images representing symbols of the cosmos and daily life in indigenous Mexico. Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture. Barbara A. Tenenbaum, editor in chief; associate editors, Georgette Magassy Dorn, et al. Scribner's Sons/Simon & Schuster: Prentice Hall. 1996. The nearly 5,300 articles in this five-volume set attempt to cover the history and culture of Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, and South America as widely as possible to reflect the ways that Latin Americans of all classes understand their world. Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World. Jack Weatherford. Fawcett Columbine. 255 pp. ISBN 0-449-90496-2. $9.00. Anthropologist Jack Weatherford tells the compelling story of how the cultural, social, and political practices of the Indians have transformed the ways that life is lived throughout the world. Latin America and Caribbean Contemporary Record. Holmes & Meier. 1983-present. An annual, one-volume source for current, authoritative information on the region. The first pan includes essays, with bibliographies, on current issues. Following sections include a country-by-country review, a collection of documents, and a section containing economic, social, and political data. Each volume also includes a section of abstracts of recently published books on Latin America. Latin America and Japan: Crossing Borders and Making Connections. Charlotte Anderson and Marcel Lewinski. Social Studies Educational Consortium; (303) 492-8154. 2000. Book Order No. 405-1. $19.95, plus $6 shipping. The authors included eight lesson plans to explore the connections between Japanese culture and the cultures of the Americas. Lesson handouts are in English and Spanish for bilingual instruction. MayaCosmos: Three Thousand Years on the Shaman's Path. David Freidel, Linda Schele, and Joy Parker. William Morrow and Company. 403 pp. 1993. ISBN 0-888-10081-3. A classic work that reveals the spiritual foundations of Maya thought. …


PANHYPOPITUITARISM DUE TO a gunshot wound to the head has been described only once previously. We report the case of a 121/2-year-old boy who was shot in the left temporal region, with the bullet lodging in his sella turcica. The striking radiographic evidence of pituitary ablation produced by this injury was confirmed by studies of his pituitary function. For these studies, we used pharmacologic agents that stimulate pituitary secretion indirectly through the hypothal-amus and releasing factors that act directly on the pituitary. Comparing results from these two methods of study can be helpful in defining hypopituitarism as due to either pituitary or hypothalamic deficiency.


When the patient arrives in the emergency department, the primary survey should be for ABCDE: A, airway; B, breathing; C, circulation; D, disability; and E, exposure. Normothermia is ideal. Check vital signs often. CXR and pelvic radiographs may show evidence of fractures, bleeding, or perforation. If chin lift, jaw thrust, or endotracheal intubation are unsuccessful in establishing an airway, cricothyrotomy is indicated to provide an adequate airway.


The potentials of glass as building material are continuously researched by experts in the field. With this thesis, glass, as sound absorber in room acoustics is presented. This function can be achieved by exploiting microperforation to glass, which is still a complicated and expensive process today. The innovative concept of a glass sound absorber was proved in 1960s and since then, no commercial product exists in the market. The objective of this research is to study how this innovation can finally become a marketable product. To do so, a structured method is followed which is divided in two phases. Firstly, the potentials in the market, the technical capabilities and limitations of the microperforated glass technology are researched in detail. Concluding from there, that the cost of production is too high, however, the advantage of great quality allows for customized solutions as facade-front applications. Following this guideline, the concept of "Sound absorbing glass louvers" is developed, based on market needs. The product is demonstrated in detail for the pilot project the "Co-Creation Centre". The advantages of easy maintenance, flexibility in performance and customizability define the product success.


Dielectric switches have drawn renewed attention to the study of their many potential applications with the adjustable switch temperatures ( T s ). Herein, a novel antimony-based halide semiconductor, ( N , N -diisopropylethylamine) tetrachloroantimonate ( (DIPEA)SbCl 4 , DIPEA + = N , N -diisopropylethylamine), with dielectric relaxation behavior and dielectric switches has been successfully synthesized. This compound consisted of the coordinated anion [[EQUATION]] chains and isolated DIPEA + cations undergoes an isostructural order-disorder phase transition and shows a step-like dielectric anomaly, which can function as a frequency-tuned dielectric switch with highly adjustable switch temperature ( T s ). The variable-temperature single-crystal structure analyses and first-principles molecular dynamics simulations give the information about the general mechanisms of molecular dynamics. This work enriches the dielectric switch family, and proves that hybrid metal halides are promising candidates for the switchable physical or chemical properties.


Modeling and simulating for variable-frequency drive of asynchronous motors using Simulink and Power System Blocksets is proposed.A structure and blocking modeling method is applied to set up the model of vector control drive for an asynchronous motor.And the function of every sub-model is introduced in detail.The proposed model can simulate the actual system very well.It can be obtained easily and be modified conveniently.The simulation results prove that the effectiveness of the proposed modeling method.


The author discusses the status of current fiber-in-the-loop (FITL) access networks, the introduction of digital exchanges, fiber to the service connection points (SCPs), fiber-to-the-curb (FTTC), and fiber-to-the-home (FTTH).


The first annual George Forsythe Memorial Lecture will be presented by W. Kahan, University of California at Berkeley, on the topic of dealing with ill-defined numerical problems.


The present invention relates to a method of initiating the reaction represented by the reaction scheme 1, wherein Q is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; X is a halogen or sulfonate group; P is an organic group; R is hydrogen or an organic ; wherein the catalyst comprises copper and a ligand; the method comprising: providing a liquid compound of formula III, a compound of formula III is then contacted with the catalyst.


this work presents low-cost metallic cylindrical resonator vibratory gyroscope test results to determine g2_ sensitivity to random vibration in wide frequency ranges up to 6400 Hz that covers its resonant frequency and in wide root mean square amplitude ranges up to 20 g. Gyro bias dependence on the root-mean-square value of vibration amplitude is graphically presented. The coefficients of g2-sensitivity are computed by fitting the measurement results with the second-order curves. Angle random work and white noise of bias components in the dependence on vibrating amplitude are also graphically presented with a determination of their sensitivity coefficients to random vibration. The test results show that metallic cylindrical resonator gyro is rugged and can be used in tactical applications where a severe vibration environment does not allow using other gyros.


Mr and Mrs W. Bailey of Lower Greystoneley, Chipping in Lancashire, (SD 6442 4527) made a planning application (Planning Application 3/04/0402P) to Ribble Valley Borough Council to develop and convert a barn on their land. As part of the planning procedure, the council consulted Lancashire County Archaeological Service, which recommended a building recording programme of RCHME (1996) Level II standard. This was to include a rapid desk-based assessment, which would provide an historical background and detail any changes in the development of the farmstead. In addition, an extensive site investigation was to be undertaken, comprising written
descriptions, as well an extensive photographic record, and site drawings of the floorplans and sections. Following these recommendations, Mr and Mrs Bailey requested that Oxford Archaeology North (OA North) undertake the building
investigation, which was duly completed in April 2006.
The background research revealed little textual evidence, but the cartographic sources provided a sequence of building from the mid-nineteenth century through to the early
decades of the twentieth century. The research demonstrated that between 1844 and 1891, the barn and several other (out)buildings were constructed in the farmstead.
Following this period, the only further change was the addition of a lean-to or outshut to the north elevation of the barn.


Analog modular architectures, based on the computational paradigm of state-controlled cellular neural networks, are considered to suitably manipulate signals obtained from multiple sensors measurement systems necessary for controlling deformations in space distributed structures. The design methodology to choose the cellular neural network template coefficients to obtain the desired "global" behavior is proposed together with some theoretical results that guarantee asymptotic stability of the system. An experimental prototype of this state-controlled cellular neural network for multisensor data fusion and control applications is presented. Moreover, the problem of controlling the deformation of a multiple link system is tackled.


Regional anesthesia for shoulder surgery has not gained wide acceptance due to a belief by anesthesiologists and surgeons that it is often inadequate for surgical anesthesia and the fear of postoperative neuropraxias. However at our institution, brachial plexus anesthesia is the preferred anesthetic for shoulder surgery. The brachial plexus block offers several advantages over general anesthesia. It eliminates endotracheal intubation, which can be extremely difficult in the arthritic population. Patients can be positioned (usually in the sitting, "beach chair" position) such that they are comfortable and pressure induced neuropraxias are avoided. Postoperative analgesia can be provided by using longer acting local anesthetics or the insertion of brachial plexus catheters for continuous local anesthetic infusions. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting is reduced with regional anesthesia. All of these factors have reduced the incidence of hospital admissions after shoulder surgery in patients receiving an interscalene block compared with general anesthesia. Finally, patients can watch their own arthroscopic procedures. Complications may also occur with brachial plexus anesthesia related to performance of the block, local anesthetic toxicity, and nerve injury. However, our experience with regional anesthesia for shoulder surgery has been positive with regard to both patient satisfaction and the ability to perform the surgery.


The invention relates to an acid fog inhibitor. The acid fog inhibitor is mainly applied to hydrochloric acid mist inhibition in acid-washing procedures of hot galvanizing acid-washing pretreatment and the like. The acid fog inhibitor comprises the following components: 5 to 20 percent of corrosion inhibitor, 5 to 10 percent of fog inhibitor, 10 to 20 percent of surfactant and the balance of water, wherein the mass ratio of a molecular film agent to the fog inhibitor is (0.5-2):5. The acid fog inhibitor is easy to prepare, and has low cost and obvious acid fog inhibition effect, particularly, the acid fog inhibition effect is more obvious when air humidity is high or hydrochloric acid concentration is overhigh. The acid fog inhibitor is suitable for acid fog inhibition of other volatile acid.


The quality of a multilingual speech recognition system can be improved by adaptation methods if the input language is specified. For systems that can accept multilingual inputs, the popular approach is to apply a language identifier to the input then switch or configure decoders in the next step, or use one more subsequence model to select the output from a set of candidates. Motivated by the goal of reducing the latency for real-time applications, in this paper, a language model rescoring method is firstly applied to produce all possible candidates for target languages, then a simple score is proposed to automatically select the output without any identifier model or language specification of the input language. The main point is that this score can be simply and automatically estimated on-the-fly so that the whole decoding pipeline is more simple and compact. Experimental results showed that this method can achieve the same quality as when the input language is specified. In addition, we present to design an English and Vietnamese End-to-End model to deal with not only the problem of cross-lingual speakers but also as a solution to improve the accuracy of borrowed words of English in Vietnamese.


Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of two antidepressants; amitryptline, venlafaxine XR, and two anticonvulsants lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine on pain and depression in diabetic neuropathy (DN). Material and methods: Following the visual analog scale (VAS), Short-McGill pain questionnaire (SMPQ) and Beck depression inventory (BDI) performance, patients with diabetic neuropathy were randomly treated with lamotrigine (2x50 mg/day), oxcarbazepine (2x300 mg/day), amitryptiline (25 mg/day), or venlafaxine XR (75 mg/day). Patients presented to 6 follow-up visits, within 15 days of intervals. VAS scores were re-measured in each follow-up visits, whereas SMPQ and BDI scores were performed at the end of the study. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the BDI and SMPQ scores of the all study groups before treatment and at the last follow-up visit (pl0.05).Initial VAS scores were similar in the study groups, whereas VAS scores in the day 15, 30 and 90 revealed statistically significant differences in all groups (pl0.05). Lamotrigine and oxcarbazepine were found as effective as amitryptiline and venlafaxine XR on depression. Conclusion: Similar efficacity of antiepileptic and antidepressants in the precence of painful DN and depression is important to contribute in personalization of the treatments and to increase the therapeutic options. Key words: Diabetic Neuropathy; Depression; Oxcarbazepine; Lamotrigine; Venlafaxine; Amitriptyline.


A modified gravity model is estimated using a cross section of data drawn from the U.S. Census Bureau survey of 2000 in order to analyze the impact of economic freedom on gross migration flows among the lower 48 states. Spatial econometric methods are utilized in order to capture spatial effects not detected by distance. In addition, the Economic Freedom of North America Index is decomposed to determine the individual impact of various policies. Results show that states with higher relative economic freedom experience greater migration inflow through its direct impact on income and employment growth. In aggregate, the findings indicate that individuals migrate toward states with relatively higher government consumption expenditures, relatively lower tax burdens, and states with more freedom with respect to labor decisions in the form of less restrictive minimum wages, less concentration of unions, and less dependence on public employment.


Taking the spider as a controller of the insects is a very important Green Agricultural Technology. We established a partial differential equation model by adding diffusion term into classical Spider-Insect Model. Using the fixed point index theory, the sufficient condition for the existence of positive solutions is given. Based on the method of parabolic equations, the persistence of positive solution is also studied. Finally, the theoretical results are verified by numerical simulations. Our work shows that intrinsic growth rate of an insect is an important factor that affects its existence and persistence under certain conditions.


THERE IS NOW in social work an interest in determining the generic base of all social casework. This is paralleled by similar concern in other professional fields. Perhaps interest at this time is due, in part, to the fact that there has been a period of emphasis on specialization and the time has now come in all professions to clarify what common knowledge is needed by all persons who practice within a particular field. We see this interest in the basic preparation of all students in medicine where, especially during the past twenty years, specialization has been highly developed. Medical schools are now studying intensively the question of what needs to be taught to all students from each specialized field. Likewise, in the field of public health we find the same desire to determine what is the basic core of the education for public health. The knowledge that may be considered essential for all social casework may be the basic casework that we have considered generic plus certain knowledge and skills developed in the specialized fields. This, then, means not an eradication of the special area but rather a strengthening of the common base from the experiences of persons within the specialized areas. It means also, and perhaps this is more important, the recognition of the fact that all. persons practicing in whatever area of specialization must have a sound basic foundation in casework skill on which to develop the specialization. During the last twenty years we have emphasized specialization when social casework was being added to other programs set up primarily to provide other services, such as medical care and education. It was perhaps natural that, during a period when social casework was trying to integrate its program with these other services, there should have been a tendency to emphasize the additional skills and knowledge required to function within an agency established for other purposes. This was not only natural but necessary if the casework services were to be integrated with the total services provided within the setting and if the total needs of the persons served were to be met. It was also necessary that these specific skills be clarified if students planning to enter the specialized fields were to receive an adequate preparation. Furthermore, as these specialized skills developed, it has been


The functional structure,type and performance characteristics of aluminum-plastic composite panel were introduced in the paper.Its application and development trend were expounded as well.


Describes, in case study form, how a UK‐based building society installed and operated a new system for financial planning and forecasting. Looks at the objectives, the way in which these were satisfied and how its financial planning and strategic requirements have been changed and enhanced.


Brain development in humans occurs stagewise in correlation with the onsets of the main Piagetian stages of reasoning development. This allows a description of cognitive development as resulting partially from and dependent upon biological events occurring in the brain. Evidence shows that some eventual brain structures depend on a combination of biological events and instructional or experiential inputs. Such a description thereby permits some novel working hypotheses about normal cognitive development and how to foster it, as well as suggesting alternative ways of creating intervention programs for children from deprived environments. Piagetian and Neo-Piagetian theories of human cognitive abilities attempt to describe what happens developmentally leading up to the mature state. They describe this almost entirely in terms of the psycho-social factors involved. But, cognitive functions and changes are more readily and more accurately understood and described if attention is also, if not first, paid to the facts of brain growth. That understanding also permits parents and teachers to see ways to enhance children's cognitive development. Most of the needed biological information depends on the finding that age-wise correlated growth stages have been shown in human brain weight (Epstein, 1974a, 1986), head circumference (Epstein, 1974a), EEG (Epstein, 1980, Hudspeth and Pribram, 1990), and cerebral blood flow (Epstein, 1999). In addition, the few relevant cytological studies (Conel, 1939-1963; Rabinowicz, 1979) show similar correlations with arborization. Moreover, Rockel et al, (1980) found that, in main cortical areas, the thicknesses of layers III and V are the ones showing by far the greatest increases going up the ladder from mice to humans. It is known that many (most?) neurons in those layers send their axons and dendrites primarily along the cortex to other areas. Thus, evolution has proceeded by increasing the number of contacts among areas (and their characteristic functions); this bespeaks significant additional arborization. So the stages (3-10 months and 2-4, 6-8, 10-12, and 14-16 years) are now experimental facts and not just theory. These brain growth spurts have been found to occur at the earliest onset ages of the Piaget stages of reasoning development (Epstein, 1980, 1986; Hudspeth and Pribram, 1990); therefore, they are probably the biological bases of the Piaget stages. There is no need to go beyond Piaget to, for example, Gardner's Seven Intelligences because, according to Jensen (1999), Gardner's theory of seven independent intelligences is contradicted by well established correlations between at least four of them: verbal, logicalmathematical, spatial, and musical, and one ability, kinesthetic, probably does not fall into the mental abilities domain. During rapid brain growth periods the brain weight increases average 5% to 10%, while during the interim periods of slow brain growth, the increase is perhaps 1%.The brain Page 1 of 9 THE ROLES OF BRAIN IN HUMAN COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT 8/19/2006 file://C:\Documents and Settings\John Currie\My Documents\~tmAB.html increases include significant expansion of neural network arborization: the elongation and branching of axons and dendrites. The resultant additional and more complex neural networks make possible enhancements in brain functioning, depending for their quality on both the quality of the existing networks that are connected by the added arborization and, also, the quality and quantity of the external inputs that generate the consequent network changes. Because these factors combine individual growth and experiences, age-wise and domain-wise developmental differences will be the norm. From this point of view, the Piaget stages will not necessarily be expected to be acquired in a fixed sequence nor even precisely at the canonical ages given by the Piagetians' studies, although general similarity of early experiences will preserve much of the sequence. Only the biological events occur on an apparently fixed schedule as long as there are no prenatal or postnatal noxious inputs to the children. Children are born with some genetically prescribed neural networks that subserve the kinds of activities that occur automatically. Breathing, sucking, sensory detection, metabolizing, and similar activities are already programmed into the brain and connections made to appropriate motor controls. From the day of birth, inputs to the child act on existing networks to strengthen, weaken, modify, and add to their activities. For example, when the child is held and hugged, brain networks are activated and strengthened and firing spreads to associated networks; when the child is sung to, still other networks are strengthened to receive sounds and interpret them as song. The repeated appearance of the mother provides a fixation object much as in imprinting in some animal species. The significant cortical spreading of the effects of apparently simple inputs are just being realized as a result of MRI and PET studies of the effects of such inputs. Two relevant animal studies illustrating these points will be sketched. Prescott (1998)has reviewed work with macaque monkeys which showed differences between newborns raised by an always present mother and those raised by mothers who were arranged to be present only randomly. By age 2 years, the latter monkeys were fearful in most situations, distressed if separated from the mothers, and socially inept. The work of Ribble (1965) describes the similar events in humans in detail. Lemonick's (1997) description of a recent study of young orphan male elephants is also illustrative of this point. These young elephants were raised without being in traditional herds: that is, without the usual matriarchal cow and in the absence of the usual disciplinary elders. When they reached puberty, they went on rampages that are described in the study. Some tried to attach themselves to neighboring herds of rhinoceroses, even trying to mate with their females. Such findings stress that these undisciplined young elephants don't know how to behave, and the problem began much earlier than puberty years for them. There are small brain growth stages within the first year as shown by Lampl et al (1983), but the first big postnatal brain growth spurt covers the ages between 3 and 10 months; this growth works mainly to mature the cerebellum to facilitate its role in activating and controlling motor actions. If the child does not already have adequate inputs of the kinds sketched above (hugging, singing, and a main caretaker, etc) these new cerebellar connections will build on to a somewhat less than optimal set of functioning networks so the new controls and their functioning will not themselves be optimal. Consider what occurs when the child doesn't receive enough hugging. Since its functions are almost totally concerned with its own well-being (its egocentricity), it must have a sense that the world out there is friendly and wants it, respects it, even loves it so that it can pay Page 2 of 9 THE ROLES OF BRAIN IN HUMAN COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT 8/19/2006 file://C:\Documents and Settings\John Currie\My Documents\~tmAB.html attention to other sensory functions. If not hugged enough, its other functions develop poorly as the child concentrates on seeking to satisfy its need for self-preservation (since there is no protector in contact with the child); this also could be described as satisfying the need for selfesteem. Comer's studies (1980) show clearly that the child needs to be adequately developed psycho-socially before it can begin to pay attention to the instruction being aimed at it by its parents, its teachers, and the school. In other words, unless the child has a positive self-image, it cannot devote enough attention and energy to the acquisition of the external matters that schooling is aimed at conveying. Both the social context and general properties of the environment contribute to what Greenough et al (1987) call the experience-expectant modifications of the brain and behavior. That is, there are genetically-programmed neuroanatomical structures whose organization and functioning are partially to be specified by later external inputs. The reason that this functioning has not been selected for is precisely because it depends on the environment and is therefore being taught to the individual. Language is the most obvious example. Functions that are not already programmed can be learned (or taught) and so are almost never capable of being selected for. This point will reappear in describing all later developments whose structures are not entirely genetically programmed. In addition, it has been shown (Field, 1995) that massage of infants of all species decreases the concentration of stress hormones and leads to improved behaviors. During the 10 month to 2 year period of slow brain growth, the child practices its entire complement of actions and controls, thereby improving, consolidating, and perfecting them to the extent to which the networks are optimally arranged for those purposes. As the child grows, its control of movements improves with practice and experience so the networks controlling those movements must be being pruned and sharpened so they work more efficiently. If the child is not given enough experience of a wide enough variety to activate its entire spectrum of movements, some of these control networks could be less than optimal. The next large brain growth stage (2 to 4 years) is concerned mainly with the maturation of the senses. Data for vision and hearing(Tschopp et al, 1999; Fisch, 1983)illustrate the documentation of this assertion. The analysis by Geschwind (1965) connects development of touch with those of vision and hearing. It would be interesting to know if the other two senses (taste and smell) are maturing during the same brain growth stage. They are much less studied, but a review of both by Cowart and Beaucha


In a 1908 review article for the Times of London, Thomas Hardy commented on the previous months of excavation of the Neolithic earthwork amphitheater in Dorchester, known as the Maumbury Ring(s). Hardy had returned to Dorchester from London in 1883, and the town is most famously fictionalized in the 1886 novel The Mayor of Casterbridge. Hardy's description identifies the defining moment in the Ring's history as the execution there in 1706 of the nineteen year-old Mary Channing for allegedly having poisoned her husband. Quoting extensively from a contemporary report of Channing's trial and execution, Hardy asserts that he could find little in the statements of the case to support Channing's execution. His opinion is rather that this was a high spirited young woman forced by her parents to marry a man she did not love, whose weak indulgence of his new wife merely served to contribute to the sense of her being a woman of "careless character" that would see her wrongly condemned.


Based on the infiltration experiments of field soils,the types,features and causes of vertical one dimensional infiltration processes of cultivated soil were analyzed and each type of infiltration process corresponding soil conditions were studied by referencing to the actual production process.The results show that: during agricultural production cycle,the infiltration process of field soil can be roughly divided into three types: obese,graded and flat;different types of infiltration process are corresponding to different agricultural production phases and physicochemical conditions in soil.In different agricultural production stages,surface soil structure,macroporosity quantity and permeability result in the changes of hydraulic conductivity,which lead to different infiltration processes and types.


To the literature on social mobility and the question of earned versus inherited fortunes, Professor Jaher and Dr. Ghent add findings for the city of Chicago in the late nineteenth century that are in strong contrast to simuar studies for other cities. From the Civil War to the turn of the century, Chicago's rate of economic growth far exceeded the national average, and out of 1186 members of the Chicago business elite whose careers were embraced by the years 1830 to 1930, fully two-thirds made their own fortunes. This phenomenon was especially strong in manufacturing and the aggressive young industries of meatpacking and railroading.


Abstract The karst-fractured medium constitutes a considerable groundwater capacity, as shown on the example of the Kleśnica River basin. The paleozoic crystalline limestones in the research area are good collectors of the groundwater. The Kleśnica River basin, one of the largest crystalline limestone lens, is situated in the Sudety Mountains. Groundwater renewable resources were distinguished with the use of hydrological methods, on the basis of hydrometric measurements of the flow discharge of the Kleśnica River during the low-flow period (2009–2010). The mean module of the groundwater runoff equals 20.79 dm3/s*km2, and includes the study of the river catchments areas with extremely high groundwater runoff. The groundwater renewable resources in the Kleśnica River basin are almost twice higher than in the neighbouring river basins (the Kamienica and Morawka River basins), in which there are no significant outcrops of carbonate rocks. These considerable renewable resources also provide a high runoff in the spring, 7.98 dm3/s*km2. The high values of the runoffs indicate, that the groundwater is coming from the regional circulation system and, on a smaller scale, from the local system. The groundwater from both systems flows into the fractured system through the karst of carbonate massif rocks and their weathering fringes.


Retaining structure of an element (2) clamping element comprising clamping foot (21) anchor and a section (24) fastening to a support structure, the retaining structure being joined to a part designed to be mounted on the support structure, and comprising a wall (11) of support having a notch (12) insert designed to receive the element (2) holding perpendicularly to the wall (11) supporting, while its foot (21 ) anchoring supported below the wall (11) supporting, likewise having the retaining structure an opening (17) lateral insertion foot (21) anchor below the wall (11) supporting, being made insertion foot (21) anchoring in a direction substantially parallel to the wall surface (11) of support, forming a part opposite to the opening of the notch (12) the edge of this opening (17) side a stop (13) to prevent accidental output foot (2 1) anchor; characterized in that the stop (13) is rigid and is placed in front of the side opening (17) so that miss the foot (21) of anchor (21) without substantial deformation of the stop, during insertion of the element (2) clamping notch (12) if the element (2) is holding only inclined at an angle (α) small but not zero with respect to the perpendicular to the wall surface (11) of support.


This paper reports on experimental and numerical investigations on circumferential grooves in an axial single-stage transonic compressor. Total pressure ratio and efficiency speedlines were taken at design speed and three off-design conditions. The experiments comprise four different configurations with deep and shallow grooves and variable coverage of the projected rotor axial chord. All casing treatments proved to have a beneficial effect on stall range while maintaining high levels of efficiency, even at off-design operation. Deep grooves extending almost to the trailing edge showed the biggest potential: the mass flow at stall inception for design speed could be strongly reduced, and the operating range could be enlarged by 56.1%. When three shallow grooves were applied to the compressor, the stage efficiency at design speed was shifted to slightly higher values. A possible explanation could be a favorable change in stator aerodynamics due to the reduction of corner separation. For a closer look into the physical effects of grooves on the tip leakage flow, a rotor-only CFD analysis has been carried out using a steady state calculation. A multi-block grid with approximately 1.2 million nodes was used. The numerical simulations reveal strong effects of circumferential grooves on the rotor flow field at tip. Mach-number contours, axial velocity distributions and particle traces for the smooth casing and six deep grooves are presented at stall mass flow. Compared to the smooth wall case, the treated casing significantly reduces blockage in the tip area and weakens the roll-up of the core vortex. These mechanisms prevent an early spillage of low momentum fluid into the adjacent blade passage and delay the onset of rotating stall.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


The paper approaches the current condition of the european Union as a crisis of public criticism from a theoretical perspective. This crisis consists of the clash between current peripheralist criticisms coming from national governments, opposition parties and quasi-social movements and often combining with exclusivist demands, and the eU's insistence on a continuation of its rationalist and modernist political project. The nature of this european project can be more closely analyzed if viewed as a political correlate to Jürgen habermas' model of rational public political deliberation. This analysis is then confronted with an alternative view on public criticism as found in postcolonial theory. In particular, this discussion engages gayatri spivak's critique of peripheralist representations that deem themselves critical. on the basis of the theoretical juxtaposition between habermas and spivak, this paper distills a regulative idea for public political criticism that differs from habermas' conception of communicative rationality – namely, the regulative idea of self-criticism. selfcriticism is conceptualized as a way to account for potentially problematic aspects that may accompany peripheralist criticisms, to understanding them as an expression of the metropolitan political public dynamic, and thus to assume responsibility for them. For the current crisis constellation, this would mean rephrasing peripheralist criticisms as part and parcel of a genuinely european public political dynamic, thus overcoming the chasm created by the reciprocal consolidation of peripheralist and centralist positions. * Professor of sociology with a Focus on general Comparative studies, Institut für soziologie; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 10 AndreAs LAngenohL


A set of construction of virtual basketball shooting system is designed.A virtual reality scene is established including a basketball court,athletes and a basketball.It provides models for the movement and elastic deformation of the basketball.The entire process of the basketball movement,from shooting to stopping,is simulated by describing the ball's moving traces,and the elastic deformation in its collision with ground.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is efficient in simulating the virtual shooting process and is applicable to improve the athletes training efficiency.


This paper reports the assembly of well-defined molecular films from 4-[4-(4-hexyloxyphenylethynyl)-phenylethynyl]-aniline (HBPEB amine), an oligomeric phenylene ethynylene (OPE) derivative, by means of the Langmuir–Blodgett technique. Initially, Langmuir films of HBPEB amine were prepared at the air–water interface and characterized with surface pressure vs area per molecule isotherms. Brewster Angle Microscopy was used to map the different phases of the monolayer at the air–water interface. UV–vis reflection spectroscopy showed a blue shift of 20 nm of the reflection spectrum of the Langmuir film with respect to the spectrum of a chloroform solution of HBPEB amine, which indicates that two-dimensional H-aggregates are formed at the air–water interface. The monolayers were transferred onto solid substrates with a Y-type deposition and a transfer ratio of 1. The excellent transfer characteristics permitted the construction of films comprising up to 150 layers, with a uniform architecture. The LB films fab...


Starting from discussing focuses on athletes human capital property right that exist in our country sports field,using related theories,such as the theory of human capital,the theory of property right,and the theory of New Institutional Economics,this dissertation probes into some important problems as property institution structure of Chinese athletes human capital.The result shows that our country has the complete control right to the human capital of the professional athletes,and the property right of athletes in our country has a blurred scale and weak protection in its operation.The property system of coexistence of the private and common property right of athletes with the characteristics of "clear belonging,exact responsibilities,strict protection and smooth operation" is the necessary pattern of the construction of property right of athletes in our country in market economy.


Background and Aim: Physical damage, due to unfavorable environmental conditions and inappropriate posture, can lead to decreased efficiency, decreased work productivity, and high costs for the individual and for the organization. Medical librarians have neuromuscular disorders that are due to prolonged sitting or carrying books or failure to observe ergonomic principles. The present present study focuses on the analysis and comparison of neuromuscular problems between librarians working at Medical universities in Tehran. Materials and Methods: In the current descriptive and cross-sectional study, data was collected using administration of a reliable and valid questionnaire among all librarians employed at the three medical universities of Tehran, Iran, and Shahid Beheshti, all located in Tehran. Results: The population consisted of 19.8% of men and 80.2% of women. A total of 46.6% of librarians were engaged in daily exercise, while 53.4% did not do any not exercise. Also, 24.6% of the participants had to refer to a physician because of pain and 33.3% of them used medical rest. In addition, 35.4% believed that the light at the workplace was appropriate. Most areas of the pain were related to pain in the neck, knees, and back. Most reports of pain was related to medical librarians in the medical university of Iran. Conclusion: The older and more experienced the librarians become, the more muscular and skeletal disorders they experience. The reason can probably be due to the increase in experience. lack of appropriate mobility, and lack of aiding devices while moving the books at the workplace.


No reaction occurs between C60F18 and liquid bromine. Instead, the solvate, C60F18·2Br2 was isolated. The solvate C60F18·0.5CS2 was prepared from solution of C60F18 in carbon disulfide. Crystal structures of the both solvates have been determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. C60F18 molecules have geometrical parameters similar to those in the known solvates and solvent free compound. The crystal packing consists of distorted hexagonal layers of the C60F18 molecules. Br2 molecules occupy tetrahedral holes between the layers. CS2 molecules occupy half of octahedral holes.


A school building complex means building both the learning spaces of students and convenience space of community within school lands. The projects have has a positive effect on saving the national budget as well as expanding the learning spaces. The absence of standard agreement contracted through discussion of participants, however, has made many problems in the operated projects. Through analysis on the previous researches and conference, the paper finds main problems discussed in the operating step. And, the feasibility study is carried out in order to analyze the appropriateness of on the existing agreements on the problems. Finally, the paper presents the standard agreement for the school building complex projects. The practitioners can prevent the existing problems from new projects through using the proposed agreement. Furthermore, it is expected that the school building complex projects will be activated. 키워드 : 교육시설, 학교시설복합화, 표준협약서


Drug eluting stents have shown promising antirestenotic effects in clinical practice. Non-stent based local delivery of drug may offer additional flexibility and also reach vessel areas beyond the immediate stent coverage [1]. The purpose of current research was to study the feasibility of Sirolimus coating on intracoronary dilatation balloon catheter and evaluate its release pattern in-vitro . The balloon catheter was coated with drug-biodegradable polymers blend in solution form as a single layer to render anti-proliferative and immunosuppressive property. Also it was thought that drug eluting catheter can also prevent catheter related infections, bacteremia and bacterial colonization and thrombus formation after injury in a blood vessel from balloon. Dip coating technique was effectively developed to coat the balloon catheter with Sirolimus drug-polymeric blend for programmed drug release. The drug content and in-vitro drug elution kinetics were analyzed using High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the coating surface uniformity and smoothness. © Society for Biomaterials and Artificial Organs (India), 20071205-21.


A prospective cluster randomized control trial, supported by WFP and USAID, compared the effectiveness of four supplementary foods in the treatment of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) in children 6‐59 months of age in normal programmatic settings in Sierra Leone.


Sz\H ucs proved in 2000 that the $r$-tuple-point manifold of a generic immersion is cobordant to the $\Sigma^{1_{r-1}}$-point manifold of its generic projection. Here we slightly extend this by showing that the natural mappings of these manifolds are bordant to each other. The main novelty of our approach is that we construct the bordism explicitly.


The Lower Don is of considerable archeological interest because it is the place where the steppes of the northern Black Sea shore, the Volga, and the North Caucasus meet. It was the migration of archaic ethnocultural groups from these three regions that apparently was responsible for the specific features of the archeological relics of the Lower Don country.