Stabilization of β‐catenin, through inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) activity, in conjunction with inhibition of mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK) promotes self‐renewal of naïve‐type mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC). In developmentally more advanced, primed‐type, epiblast stem cells, however, β‐catenin activity induces differentiation. We investigated the response of rat ESCs to β‐catenin signaling and found that when maintained on feeder‐support cells in the presence of a MEK inhibitor alone (1i culture), the derivation efficiency, growth, karyotypic stability, transcriptional profile, and differentiation potential of rat ESC cultures was similar to that of cell lines established using both MEK and GSK3 inhibitors (2i culture). Equivalent mouse ESCs, by comparison, differentiated in identical 1i conditions, consistent with insufficient β‐catenin activity. This interspecies difference in reliance on GSK3 inhibition corresponded with higher overall levels of β‐catenin activity in rat ESCs. Indeed, rat ESCs displayed widespread expression of the mesendoderm‐associated β‐catenin targets, Brachyury and Cdx2 in 2i medium, and overt differentiation upon further increases in β‐catenin activity. In contrast, mouse ESCs were resistant to differentiation at similarly elevated doses of GSK3 inhibitor. Interestingly, without feeder support, moderate levels of GSK3 inhibition were necessary to support effective growth of rat ESC, confirming the conserved role for β‐catenin in ESC self‐renewal. This work identifies β‐catenin signaling as a molecular rheostat in rat ESC, regulating self‐renewal in a dose‐dependent manner, and highlights the potential importance of controlling flux in this signaling pathway to achieve effective stabilization of naïve pluripotency. Stem Cells 2013;31:2104–2115


The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will be using a liquid argon time projection chamber (LAr TPC) with optically separated modules in the Near Detector (ND) complex. A prototype experiment, DUNE ND-LAr 2 × 2, is composed of four test modules. They detect ionization charge through a pixel-based readout and scintillation light through fibers in light collection modules and light traps called ArCLights. The light detection performance for two modules of DUNE ND-LAr 2 × 2 that took cosmic ray data at the University of Bern is shown. We present further the role of the 2 × 2 prototype in DUNE and how it is used to demonstrate the reconstruction capabilities of its light detectors in terms of energy thresholds and timing resolution.


The authors report on one case of a female patient with adrenal pheochromocytoma which progressed rapidly, resulting in death. Stress is therefore laid on the very serious nature of this disease and the necessity of rapid detection and treatment. A diagnostic and therapeutic strategy can be established from the review of the literature, based on numerous reliable methods which are currently available.


Landscape pattern research is the premise of maintaining the stability of ecosystem structure, and is of great significance in guiding the orderly and rational planning of territorial space. In order to deal with the risk of landscape fragmentation of ecological environment in southern hilly region, taking Shuifumiao Reservoir basin of Hunan province as an example, Fragstats landscape pattern analysis software was used to analyze the landscape fragmentation. The patch area, patch number, density index, aggregation index, edge density, patch number, diversity index, evenness index, patch density, aggregation index, and sprawl index of each landscape type were obtained from 2002 to 2018, and the landscape pattern in this region was characterized by fragmentation. Finally, three rationalization landscape pattern optimization strategies were proposed to maintain the stability of regional landscape pattern and alleviate the negative impact of landscape fragmentation.


Dan Harrington, Chairman, Portland Cement Association, USA, outlines the importance of sustainable development to the future of the cement industry.


A comparison of the filter structures resulting from the consideration of different systems, both nonlinear models and linear models with correlated noise sequences, show an interesting similarity. Compared with the Kalman filter, these filter structures cause an apparent change in the linear system matrices, the noise covariance matrices, and in the form of the one-stage prediction. These modifications have interesting implications relative to adaptive filtering methods and system identification techniques.


Because the prepayment and default options embedded in a mortgage are not tradable and cannot be priced by the widely used risk neutral pricing model, pricing errors will occur when applying the pricing methodology to the valuation of mortgage-backed securities. By using the Equilibrium Mortgage Pricing Model proposed by Chen, Liao, and Yang (2004) and the American market data, we examine the effects on the valuation and value-at-Risk of mortgage-backed securities if applying risk neutral pricing methodology. Our numerical analyses found significant errors in both the valuation and value-at-risk estimation.
 Keywords: Risk-Neutral Pricing, Mortgage-backed Securities, Value-at-Risk


Multipulse LPC, as is often designated the model proposed by Atal and Remae, has been directed towards 9.6 kb/s speech coding. However, at such bit rate, the speech quality is not yet generally acceptable. This paper has a double purpose - one is to investigate the role of short-time phase in multipulse LPC. The other is to look for different modelling structures to be used with this method. This study was prompted by direct observation of the structure of the excitation, where patterns of pulses may be found which are associated with phase-correcting mechanisms of the LPC impulse response. Consequently, a new multipulse technique was developed, based on a special ARMA model formed by cascading an all-pole with an all-pass network. This new model will be referred to as the MAPAP (Multipulse All-Pole All-Pass) method. Another one was tried in which the synthetic speech is formed by combination of several MAPAP signals. We therefore denoted it "multichannel multipulse" method. The potential advantages of both single and multichannel models seem rather promising.


A simple method, which enables determination of the laminar burning velocity and the unburned gas velocity ahead of the combustion front in a closed vessel, is presented in the paper. The method is based on electrical probe and Schlieren techniques. There is a good agreement between presented data and other works for all considered equivalence ratios of propane/air mixture. The dependence of unburned gas velocity on flame radius agrees well with the data received using LDV method. The obtained results demonstrate that some difficulties may appear when combustion front of non-spherical shape is considered


Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of public procurement audit on performance of state corporations in Kenya. Methodology: The study employed a descriptive research design, targeting heads of procurement in state corporations. As a rule of thumb when the population is below 200, a study does a census. The researcher preferred this method because it allowed an in-depth study of the subject. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. Pilot study was carried out to establish the validity and reliability of the research instruments. The instruments were designed appropriately according to the study objectives. The data collected was analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics. The study used multiple regression and correlation analysis to show the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables. The data generated was keyed in and analyzed by use of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 to generate information which was presented using charts, frequencies and percentages. Results and conclusion: The findings of the study concluded that preparation and planning auditing, information and publicity auditing, evaluation of received tenders auditing, award and execution of contract auditing have a positive relationship with performance of state corporations in Kenya. The independent variables reported R value of 0.876 indicating that there is perfect relationship between dependent variable and independent variables' square value of 0.768 means that 76.8% of the corresponding variation in performance of state corporations in Kenya can be explained or predicted by (preparation and planning auditing, information and publicity auditing, evaluation of tenders auditing and award and execution of contract auditing) which indicated that the model fitted the study data. The results of regression analysis revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between dependent variable and independent variable at (β = 0.761), p=0.000 <0.05). Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: The study recommended that public institutions should embrace public procurement audit so as to improve performance and further International Journal of Supply Chain and Logistics ISSSN 2520-4661 (Online) Vol. 4, Issue No.2, pp 104 -128, 2020 www.carijournals.org 105 researches should to be carried out in other public institutions to find out if the same results can be obtained.


The application of space structure- two-way ribbed slab floor system in large-space and multi-story building and high-rise buildings is introduced. Meanwhile, according to some key construction techniques, plastic formwork technique and bottom girder treatment skill detailed introduction is made. Author points out that this new structure can be widely used in large buildings.


The utility model discloses a novel engine crankshaft, which relates to the field of rotating machine parts and comprises a first crank, a crankshaft pin and a second crank, wherein the first crank and the second crank are fixedly connected through the crankshaft pin, a chain wheel is arranged on the first crank, the first crank comprises a first body, the first body is provided with a first crankshaft pin hole, the distance from the center of the first body to the center of the first crankshaft pin hole is 23 to 26mm, the second crank comprises a second body, the second body is provided with a second crankshaft pin hole, and the distance from the center of the second body to the center of the second crankshaft pin hole is 23 to 26 mm. The utility model aims at providing the engine crankshaft, and the center distance of the crankshaft is reduced so that the combined compression ratio of the crankshaft is reduced.


In this study, the analysis of the heat transfer enhancement and laminar fluid flow characteristics of three non– rotating adiabatic cylinders in the backward facing step geometry is numerically performed. The effects of Reynolds number, heat fluxes, and longitudinal distance between two consecutive cylinders on the heat transfer characteristics are studied for backward facing step flow. Five Reynolds number are studies (Re = 50, 100, 150, 200, 250) and three heat fluxes on the lower wall of the channel are (q" = 250, 500, 750 W/m 2 ), the longitudinal distance are (2H, 3H, 4H), where (H = 10 mm) which represent the cylinder diameter. The governing equations are discretized and solved using the finite volume method over a control volume by ANSYS Fluent software. The results show the heat transfer is increased in the channel. The reattachment distance decreased when using cylinders. The heat transfer enhancement increases from (6 %) to (13 %) if the Reynolds number change from (50) to (250) when heat flux increases (67 %). A good agreement is found when comparing the present results with literature.


This study uses traffic noise mapping and structural equation model to evaluate the impact of noise annoyance from highway traffic noise. The indices generated in noise maps by CityMap have verified the actual field measurements obtained from the site. Structural Equation Model addresses the relationship between noise annoyance and psychological factors. The results show that the noise annoyance is mainly shaped by the subject's concern and noise disturbance including the negativity on perceived disturbance and noise sensitivity. The noise levels are affected by the type of vehicles in the road, mainly on the heavy truck with more axles instead of the count of vehicles only. The traffic noise level can exceed the permissible limit established by a local government agency at a particular time of the day and on an overhead bridge situated near the vicinity of the residential area.


The article discusses perspectives of using a multi-dimensional approach for the structural-semantic analysis of an apology text. Tectonics and lexical composition of the text are discussed. The quantitative analysis of the text shows opportunities of applying non-contradictory methods of measuring text characteristics. Particular attention is paid to the argumentation content of the text; argumentation is viewed in its structural-semantic aspect providing for the schematic representation of the semantics of reasoning.


The Tibeto-Burman Ethnic Tribes' Myth of the Death' s Origin Include two types,one is the myth of distributing life years,the other is the myth of Ever-young medicine. The two types of the myths contain Tibeto-Burman Ethnics' three layers of ideas about the death. First,the conception of the death is highlighted by the concept of immortal;secondly,the significance of the life years is given by the contrasting between people's life years and the other things' life years; finally,the idea of natural death is the precondition for the idea of non-natural death.


Based on the literature research,the remaining oil distribution was widely studied both at home and abroad.Research methods included numerical reservoir simulation,laboratory analysis,technology,geologic and seismic method.It was so popular because the research of remaining oil distribution was essential at the late stage of oilfield development.On the basis of actual reservoir structure,numerical simulation of remaining oil saturation and ultimate recovery factor in reservoir grid was analyzed through the establishment of mechanism model.The result can reflect the remaining oil distributional features and oil displacement efficiency in different rhythm formations,which sums up the law of the remaining oil distribution and oil displacement efficiency in the reservoirs with bottom water.


This paper aims to resolve an emerging circuit split over the proper interpretation of the Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009 (FERA), a statute intended to prevent fraud against the taxpayer by government contractors. Enacted in the wake of the recent economic crisis and trillion dollar stimulus package, FERA strengthens existing anti-fraud statutes, creates a Financial Inquiry Commission and commits nearly $500 million in new funds for law enforcement. FERA also amends the False Claims Act (FCA), the government's primary weapon to recover money lost to contractor fraud. The amendments are intended to overrule federal decisions that had rejected FCA liability for government subcontractors not in direct privity with the government.The focus of this paper is a controversial retroactivity clause that makes FERA effective almost a year before its enactment on May 20, 2009. Courts are split on how exactly this clause operates and whether to apply FERA's new broader FCA liability language to pending cases against subcontractors. The outcome of this issue is highly consequential - the Department of Justice is currently investigating over a thousand FCA cases, each of which carries the potential for treble damages. This paper resolves this emerging split by applying the Supreme Court's retroactivity analysis announced in Landgraf v. USI Films. The paper examines the sometimes contradictory Landgraf line of cases and analyzes FERA's text and legislative history under the Landgraf framework. The article concludes that Congress intended for FERA to operate retroactively and that courts should apply the statute as Congress intended.


It is very significant that the tax policies support the high technology industry to develop and grow. Form four aspects, this article systematically sets forth on promoting the development of high technology industry. Above on this, the article puts forward some reformative measures and suggextions about using the experience of developed countries and perfecting our country's tax policy on high technology industries.


the paper studied some physical-chemical properties of different batch formula cultural substrates and their application in green plant.The feasibility of using coal cinder substitute perlite and peat to make up cultural substrate was studied here emphatically.


Knowledge of stress orientation is crucial for the understanding of many processes in the Earth's crust such as tectonic development, earthquake occurrence, and fluid transport along faults. In t ...


(57) Abstract: selected wavelengths in the visible or infrared region illumination light (12) is projected to the fundus oculi on through the pupil of the eye (10). Light emitted from the reflected pupil later detected (22), and preferably for analyzing retinal vessels located on the optic disc, is analyzed using the region of the optic disc. Specific wavelength of the illumination light, according to the spectral properties of the material to be analyzed, is selected for each blood component to be analyzed. Reflected image from the retina, is used to measure non-photoreactive blood components such as hemoglobin, and photoreactive components such as bilirubin. For measurement of the photoreactive component, it affects the photoreactive analytes and using light of a wavelength that enables the measurement of the concentration of an analyte, retrieving the image before, during, or illumination of the illumination of the eye.


The evolution of the vapor transport concept is briefly discussed. Some of the previous vapor transport designs are presented and include: a vertical collector operating in the percolating mode, a heat pipe, and a self-pumping system. The importance of the heat transfer from the accumulator is considered. Two accumulators are used in conjunction with a solar collector and a condenser in the new vapor system. This new system requires no external cooling and a schematic diagram of the system is provided. (BCS)


As illustrated in Tab. 1, the information available for unsupervised 3D pose estimation largely varies in previous work [2, 5]. To more comprehensively evaluate our model, we compare our method with these mentioned works. Specifically, Chen et.al. [2] transfer the 2d skeletons from other datasets to the domain of Human3.6M, which requires large-scale source data for such kind of adaptation. Li et.al. [5] show that a small portion of the labelled 3d skeletons is sufficient to train a 3D pose estimation network with promising performance, which, however, is still a high cost to acquire in many applications. In contrast to their designs, we only use 2d skeletons, which is easy to extract from monocular images, and achieve satisfying results. More qualitative and quantitative results can be seen in our project page .


The work presents a systematic study, and parameterisation of, water activity measurements for mixed systems of humic-like substances, diacids and sugars. It then extends the work to include an inorganic fraction. Modeling these systems using the ZSR equation they and found it started to break down for multicomponent mixtures. I recommend that this work is published in ACP, provided that the following comments are addressed:-


The authors of this study set out to examine and measure pain experienced during labour and delivery by women who requested an induced abortion in the II trimester following prenatal diagnosis of fetal malformation. Their aim was to verify how and in what way the particular affective-emotive state influenced their perception of pain. These patients were asked to complete the McGill Pain Questionnaire by R. Melzack in the 24 hours following the induced abortion. The emotive resonance which even the reduced sensorial stimulus evoked was considerably intense. Even though the patients tried to participate and be involved as little as possible in the abortion, their defensive mechanisms were not sufficient to protect them completely from their deepest emotions


Effective communication between interested parties is widely held to be a vital element in health and environmental risk management decision making. There have been three phases in the evolution of risk communication during the last twenty years. Phase I emphasized risk: in a modern industrial economy, we must have the capacity to manage risks at a very exacting level of detail. Phase II stresses communication: statements about risk situations are best regarded as acts of persuasive communication, that is, as messages intended to persuade a listener of the correctness of a point of view. Now, in Phase III, public and private sector institutions increasingly are recognizing their responsibility to deal adequately with both dimensions and to carry out sound risk communication as a matter of good business practice.


To show the role and effectiveness of semi-constrained total elbow arthroplasty in restoring elbow function in severe, irreversible post-traumatic osseous and chondral injuries. Eighteen patients, aged 19–80, 11 male and 7 female, suffering from serious, irreversible anatomical and functional lesions of the elbow joint due to previous severe untreated or inadequately treated fractures (T-type transcondylar, trochlear-condylar, open fxs with large bony defects, severe osteochondral, heterotopic ossification in ICU fracture patients). Postop follow up was 9–57 months. All patients were treated with modular, cemented, semi-constrained linked total elbow arthroplasty. A functional brace was used post-operatively, and motion was permitted on the 3rd post-op day. The patients were allowed a full range of motion at 1 week post-op and they were subjected to vigorous physiotherapy. Post-op results were evaluated by using Mayo, DASH, quick-DASH scores and measuring grip strength and range of motion. Our results ranged from satisfactory to excellent in 16 patiens, with good strength and wide motion arc (with up to 15o extension-flexion deficit). One old female patient suffered a severe cerebral stroke with a bad outcome. In another young male patient the motion arc reached only 40% of the normal (spasticity, ICU patient with brain injury). Semi-constrained linked total elbow arthroplasty proves to be an effective method of treatment in severe, irreversible, intraarticular post-traumatic elbow injuries with chondral destruction and grave functional deficit, provided the proper technique is employed and a vigorous rehabilitation program is followed.


The objective of this study was to determine the costs of the activity of timber extraction done by forwarders until approximately 30,000 work hours. We used 7 John Deere forwarders, model 1710D with 160 kW engine power. A database provided by a forestry company located in the state of Minas Gerais was used, containing all the information necessary for calculating the operating cost of the machines and for the subsequent sensitivity analysis. The operating cost was obtained by the sum of the fixed and variable costs. For the sensitivity analysis a variation ± 20% of the most representative elements of the total cost of the machine was performed. The result obtained for the average operating cost of the forwarder was US$ 147.80 h-1. Costs for repairs and maintenance, labor, fuel, and depreciation represented approximately 90% of the total cost of the machine. A 10% reduction in their values resulted in a savings of approximately 9% in all years evaluated.


Objective:To study the effects of Bisoprolol on hypertension associated left ventricular hypertrophy and circadian rhythm of blood pressure.Method:Fourty five patients of hypertention with left ventricular hypertrophy were selected for ABPM and UCG before and after Sotalol taken.Result:Abnormal circadian rhythms were found in 30 patients (group A), normal in group B. 24 h SBP、nBP and BP load were higher in group A. 8 weeks after bisoprolol therapy, IVST、PWT、LVMI、AP and IRT were improved distinctly in group A. The LV function were also improved in the patients with normal circadian rhythm.Conclusion:Abnormal circadian rhythm were discovered frequently in the patients with hypertention and LV hypertrophy. Bisoprolol could recover abnormal circadian rhythm and improve the LV function.


The present invention discloses a method for smelting furnace LF ultra low carbon steel, the molten steel is heated by the front argon sufficiently large slag, the molten steel is completely melted top slag; argon bubbling control of molten steel or molten steel pre-closing the heating argon, to reduce the molten steel electrode licking opportunities; batchwise added portionwise aluminum and lime; smelting reduction process of heating cycles manner, effectively reducing the chance of smelting carbon content increased; reducing end carbon content, improved product quality and performance.


Through an analysis of the role of strength in defensive,offensive and other basketball techniques and its effect on these techniques,this paper illustrates the important position and function of strength training.


- New imidazo [1,2-c] quinazoline, used as a medicament having the formula: (CF DRAWING IN BOPI) wherein - Y is oxygen or sulfur; - R1 is (C1 -C6) alkyl optionally substituted by phenyl itself optionally substituted (C3 -C6) cycloalkyl, optionally substituted phenyl, furyl, thienyl or acyl; - R2 is hydrogen, halogen or (C1 -C6) alkyl optionally substituted with amino or dialkylamino; - R3 is hydrogen, (C1 -C6) alkyl optionally substituted by aryl, or R-CO- (CH2) n - [where n is 1, 2 or 3 and R: (C 1 -C 6) alkoxy, amino , (alkyl or dialkyl) amino, morpholino or methylpiperazinyl]; and - X is hydrogen or halogen -. These compounds and their physiologically tolerable salts can be used therapeutically


Two conflicting mandates have appeared for family planning programs over the decades since modern contraception became available. One mandate is to help individuals choose safe and acceptable means of spacing or limiting pregnancies. Another mandate is to reduce fertility. The demographic target has in many cases been the overwhelming concern. When this happens family planning programs can emphasize quantity at the expense of quality services and social goals over individual goals. Certain evaluation indexes reflect the population control orientation of programs (acceptance rates couple-years of protection or the proportion of women using long-term methods of family planning). Further confusion is achieved by the lack of distinction between wanted and unwanted fertility and lack of understanding of what family planning programs can do. The main job of family planning is not to promote smaller families but to help couples and individuals prevent unwanted fertility. Services must offer respect to clients and competence in performance of functions. The mandate is to serve clients. Evaluation then can focus on quality of care. Quality of care can be measured by the choice of methods the provision of adequate information for guiding choice the technical competence to provide methods safely respect for dignity and privacy and long-term care of each individual. Few studies are available that evaluate quality of care. One Tanzanian evaluation that found that under 33% of women attending the family planning clinic were asked about their reproductive intentions. An evaluation of one Nairobi clinic revealed that under 50% of practitioners washed their hands before performing a pelvic examination. The general finding is that family planning that serves a familys needs has a greater impact on fertility reduction than target-driven programs. Findings also show that programs offering a choice over time encourage long-term contraceptive use. Drop-out rates or discontinuation rates are found to be lower when choice is given to individuals. Side effects which are one of the main causes of nonuse or discontinuation of use must be responsibly informed about and handled. Evaluations should measure how well programs enable people to meet their own reproductive goals.


Affairs. Under the aegis of a Central Leadership Council, two committees met twice monthly to develop Pediatric Prehospital Triage/Transport and PICU Surge Capacity plans. Results: After extensive literature review and multiple draft revisions, a Pediatric Triage/Transport Plan was formulated. The plan includes: (1) a modified START algorithm that adds rescue breaths and an uptriage option; (2) priority evacuation and transport; (3) pediatric disaster receiving hospitals; and (4) a pediatric transfer consultant. Once implemented, it will provide specific pediatric triage criteria for transport that matches acuity/severity of illness to appropriate tiered resources. Conclusions: The PDC has provided an effective multi-disciplinary approach to planning for a large scale regional MCE involving pediatric patients. Specific Pediatric Triage and Transport Protocols were created, and are being integrated into regional EMS system protocols. This approach, and the EMS protocols it has generated, could be used as a model for other large urban centers


This paper analyzes the reason why people went to study in Japan in Chinese Modern History in various aspects. It aims at discovering in depth the historical significance of the movements of studying in Japan in Chinese modern education history and hopes to be of some help in doing research of history of studying abroad and education in modern Chinese history. Key words: Modern period; Study abroad; Japan Resume La presente etude vise a etudier les differentes raisons suivant de nombreux aspects que les chinois etudient au Japon. Elle vise aussi a explorer en plus profondement la signification d'historique de l'histoire du movement moderne de l'education des chinoise au Japon. Mots cles : Recent ; Etudier a l'etranger ; Le Japon


ABL = Airborne Laser AFB = Air Force Base AFFTC = Air Force Flight Test Center AFRL = Air Force Research Laboratory BFTF = Birk Flight Test Facility BHP = Basic Hydrogen Peroxide CIS = Computing & Instrumentation System Cl2 = molecular chlorine COIL = Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser CO2 = carbon dioxide DE = Directed Energy DIW = de-ionized water DOT = Department of Transportation FTA = Fuel Transfer Assembly GATOR = Ground ABL Test Operation Room GGS = Gain Generator System GN2 = gaseous nitrogen GPRA = Ground Pressure Recovery Assembly GFE = Government Furnished Equipment GTOX = Ground Test Operation and eXecution H2O2 = hydrogen peroxide H2SO4 = sulfuric acid H3PO4 = phosphoric acid HCl = hydrochloric acid HEL = High Energy Laser HEPA = High Particulate Particle Absorbing HOO = hydroperoxide ion IMF = Integrated Mixing Facility I2 = molecular iodine IDLH = Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health ITF = Integrated Test Force K = potassium ion


The present invention relates to a femoral head to the articular surface of collapse or in Ⅰ and Ⅱ osteonecrosis of medical implant - a porous tantalum rod. One end of the implant is provided with a fastening structure for connection with the bone tissue, having a center through hole; porous tantalum material used in the porous tantalum rod pore foam structure having a three-dimensional distribution of communication, is the use of a foam sintered for dipping , skeleton foam pure tantalum powder sintered stacked configuration, the tantalum powder by sintering neck structure with each other. The porous tantalum rod through holes of the present invention facilitates the accurate positioning operation; and also easily removed through the through-hole, the relevant injection was continued to achieve the effect of reduced pressure.


The demand for data storage has been growing exponentially over the past decades. Current techniques have significant shortcomings, such as high resource requirements and a lack of sufficient longevity. In contrast, research on DNA-based storage has been advancing notably due to its low environmental impact, larger capacity, and longer lifespan. This led to the development of compression methods that adapted the binary representation of legacy JPEG images into a quaternary base of nucleotides following the biochemical constraints of current synthesis and sequencing mechanisms. In this work, we show that DNA can also be leveraged to efficiently store images compressed with neural networks even without retraining, by combining a convolutional autoencoder with a Goldman encoder. The proposed method is compared to the state of the art, resulting in higher compression efficiency on two different datasets when evaluated by a number of objective quality metrics.


Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) has shown a great success as a modified-potential theory of gravity. In this paper, we present a highly integrated accelerating solution for N-body MOND simulations. By using the FPGA-SoC, which integrates both FPGA and SOC (system on chip) in one chip, our solution exhibits potential for better performance, higher integration, and lower power consumption. To handle the calculation bottleneck of potential summation, on one hand, we develop a strategy to simplify the pipeline, in which the square calculation task is conducted by the DSP48E1 of Xilinx 7 series FPGAs, so as to reduce the logic resource consumption of each pipeline; on the other hand, advantages of particle-mesh scheme are taken to overcome the bottleneck on bandwidth. Our experiment results show that 2 more pipelines can be integrated in Zynq-7020 FPGA-SoC with the simplified pipeline, and the bandwidth requirement is reduced significantly. Furthermore, our accelerating solution has a full range of advantages over different processors. Compared with GPU, our work is about better in both performance per Watt and performance per cost.


The artificial intelligence has been developed in order to represent human knowledge in computers systems. It has two main fields: the symbolic field that works with symbolic data; and the connectionist field whose main example is artificial neural network and whose main characteristic is the capacity of learning by data samples. To obtain a high accuracy with generalization capacity net, the data set should cover all the problem possibilities. This situation can increase the time spent by the training process. Then, techniques for reducing the number of training sets preserving the representative characteristic are necessary. As formal concept analysis has been proposed as a powerful tool for data analysis, it has been used in this work as a way to reduce the training set elements number.


Novel forms of carbon have attracted intense interest since the discovery of C60, a molecule with a spherical cage, and its solid form. In this dissertation, our research work on the generation and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) studies of two novel carbon structures, tubules and cones are summarized. We have produced nanotubes of carbon on a highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite substrate by vapor-phase growth. Using a scanning tunneling microscope, we found tubules with extremely small diameters from 1 nm to 8 nm. Their lengths are up to several hundred nanometers. They are closed by hemispherical caps. Some of them are isolated while some are parallel aligned and closely packed, forming bundles. Atomic resolution images of carbon tubules were obtained for the first time, showing that the tube surfaces are perfect graphitic networks. Besides tubular structures, we also produced nanocones of carbon by the same generation method as that of tubules. This is the first observation of carbon conical structures. The observed cones are up to 24 nm in length and 8 nm in base diameter. Amazingly they all vii have a umque cone angle of -19 0 • We show that this is the smallest one among five possible opening angles for perfect graphitic cones. Based on our STM observation, we propose that the growth of carbon nanotubes, nanocones, and fullerenes may all be initiated by fullerene-type nucleation seeds. The number and the distribution of pentagons may play an important rule in their growth process. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. i v Abstract , vi List of Figures x List of Abbreviations xii Chapter


In the history of Chinese modern literary thought,the occurrence and transition of the "Massification of Revolutionary Literature and Art" theory is certainly a very important topic,a key point of which is precisely Qu Qiu-bai's Thought about it.The uniqueness of Qu Qiu-bai's literary thought is that he directly characterized literary writing as "political writing"to satisfy the practical needs of left-wing revolutionary politics.He put forward the ideology of "Massification of Revolutionary Literature and Art" which eventually becomes a principal rule of revolutionary literary theory.The thought of "Massification of Revolutionary Literature and Art" not only enriched the Marxist literary theory,but also became significant for the development of Chinese Marxist Literary Theory.


Instrumentation to detect surface flaws in cartridge cases has been developed for high speed on-line inspection. Scattering of light from a line focused on the case surface indicates the presence of surface flaws and the instrumentation permits rough categorization of flaws into dents and scratches. Two methods of light detection have been implemented, and the purpose of this paper is to compare these techniques. The first technique uses fiber optics to collect the scattered light and carry it to a photomultiplier tube to generate a signal, while the second technique uses solid-state diodes to produce the sig-nal. Angled surfaces such as the shoulder on the cartridge case influence the response of the fiber-optics due to the acceptance cone of the fibers. To circumvent this problem, the fibers must be judiciously positioned during manufacture of the fiber-optic bundles. The solid-state diodes do not have the limited acceptance angle and thus provide more uniform response. However, the diodes require placement of electronics on the rotating exam wheel near the detectors. The processing electronics for-both systems are identical.


This book argues that public choice accounts of regulation rest on an incomplete understanding of regulatory government. In particular, such accounts show too little attention to the actual processes through which administrative agencies regulate. Missing from the picture is administrative law, broadly understood to include both the legal decision-making processes through which regulatory entities regulate, and the broader legal environment in which they do so. But once regulatory institutions are considered in the light of their legal-procedural and environmental complexity, conclusions about the inability of regulatory government to advance the general welfare give way to more optimistic, though qualified, assessments. Administrative agencies can, and have, employed their semi-autonomous decision-making techniques to promote general interests. Good regulatory government is no more impossible than it is inevitable.


This paper presents a handwritten Greek character recogniser based on Support Vector Machines (SVMs). The recogniser is composed of two modules: the first one is a feature extractor, the second one, the classifier, is performed by means of SVMs. The recogniser, tested on a database of more than 22000 handwritten Greek characters, has shown satisfactory performances. SVMs compare notably better, in terms of recognition rates, with popular neural classifiers, such as Learning Vector Quantisation (LVQ) and Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP).


Objective To analyze the influence of schizophrenic patients ECG by oral Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride Tablets,and provide a reference for clinical.Methods Select 120 patients with schizophrenia who lived in our hospital from February 2009 to January 2010,only used chlorpromazine hydrochloride tablets in this treatment,respectively check the patient's ECG when after 1 month treatment,3 months and 6 months treatment.Compared the incidence of abnormal ECG changed.Results After 6 months treatment the patients with abnormal ECG was significantly higher than after 3 months treatment,there was statistically significant difference(P 0.05).After 3 months treatment the patients with abnormal ECG was significantly higher than after 1 month treatment,it had statistically significant difference(P 0.05).Conclusion Long-term using chlorpromazine can cause ECG abnormalities for the patients with schizophrenia,longer treatment,greater influence,so we should be to protect heart function in clinical from now on.


The article analyzes the role of Italian constitutional decisions which modify expressly the legislative text with specific regards to the marriage of the tans-sexual person; anonimity of the mother at birth; maternity leave for adoptive fathers.


Abstract : The plane laminar jet emanating from a point orifice is considered. The method of matched asymptotic expansions is used to determine higher-order 'inner' and 'outer' solutions, which are valid at some distance from the orifice. It is shown that the first-order 'inner' solution is non-unique, with respect to a small perturbation, and introduces an arbitrary constant. Higher-order solutions are obtained and the existence of additional arbitrary constants is predicted. It is seen that although axial viscous effects do not appear to second-order, the downstream momentum flux is variable due to a non-uniform pressure distribution. (Author)


The main production method and technology development of maleic anhydride are introduced.The present status of industry production,expense situation of maleic anhydride in our country are analysed.It is pointed out that developing of maleic anhydride using the butane source of Luoyang Petrochemical Branch Company can not only enhance the added value of liquified petroleum gas,but also change the present situation of no maleic anhydride installment in the Yellow River area,promote the fine chemical development in middle part and have remarkable economic efficiency and social efficiency.


Halfway between Machu Picchu and the city of Cuzco, Peru, lies a civil engineering wonder that has captivated and puzzled researchers and travelers since it was first photographed in 1931. Situated on a plateau, the ancient Inca site of Moray consists of many terraced circular depressions in the earth, the largest of which is 30 meters (98 feet) deep. The difference in temperature between the top and the bottom of the circles can be as much as 15 °C (27 °F).


A method for polishing hydrophilic contact lenses, comprising applying one polishing agent on the surface to be polished of the lens and lens polishing administration of a mobile device, which acts as a polishing agent in surfactant solution from a a substantially anhydrous material and an optional abrasive material.


With the tremendous advances of the wireless devices technology, securing wireless sensor networks became more and more a vital but also a challenging task. In this paper we propose an integrated strategy that is meant to discover malicious nodes within a sensor network and to expel them from the network using a node self-destruction procedure. Basically, we will compare every sensor reading with its estimated values provided by two predictors: an autoregressive predictor [1] that uses past values provided by the sensor under investigation and a neural predictor that uses past values provided by adjacent nodes. In case the absolute difference between the measured and the estimated values are greater then a chosen threshold, the sensor node becomes suspicious and a decision block is activated. If this block decides that the node is malicious, a self-destruction procedure will be started.


INTRODUCTION
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an infrequent casual agent of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) with more severity than classic HUS.

CASE REPORT
We present two patients with pneumococcal pneumonia and empyema who developed HUS. One patient the renal function returned to normal and the other needed a renal transplantation.

CONCLUSION
Pneumococcal invasive disease may be a cause of severe HUS, so a high index of suspicion is mandatory to prompt appropriate diagnosis and management.


OBJECTIVE: To analyze the biochemical profile and to characterize metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with cardiologic medical assistance using NCEP-ATPIII and IDF definitions. METHODS: Two hundred patients and 140 controls were studied, considering total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDLc), LDL-cholesterol (LDLc), VLDL-cholesterol (VLDLc), triglycerides (TG), fasting glycemia, abdominal waist and hypertension. Significance level was defined as P<0.05. RESULTS: Patients showed increased glycemia levels (103±31.4mg/dL) and reduced HDLc levels (48±13.4mg/dL) when compared to controls (88±29.7mg/dL, P<0.0001 and 53±15.9mg/dL, P=0.0075; respectively). Male controls 31-50 years old showed increased TC levels (215±40.4mg/dL), LDL-cholesterol (134±34mg/dL), VLDL-cholesterol (30±11.8mg/dL) and TG (150±59.4mg/dL) when compared to women (185±38.2mg/dL, P=0.0137; 111±35.8mg/dL; P=0.0324; 19±9.7mg/dL; P=0.0009; 93±49mg/dL, P=0.0010; respectively). Women over 50 years of age showed increased TC concentrations (216±35.9mg/dL), HDL-cholesterol (54±12.8mg/dL) and LDL-cholesterol (138±30.8mg/dL) when compared to men (190±44.7mg/dL, P=0.0103; 47±14.5mg/dL, P=0.0229; 119±33.3mg/dL; P=0.0176; respectively). NCEP-ATPIII and IDF definitions had characterized MS in 35.5% and 46% of patients, respectively, bolding glycemia, TG and hypertension. CONCLUSION: Elevated glycemia levels and reduced HDLc levels were detected in patients. Altered lipid profile observed in men 31-50 years old signals higher risk for cardiovascular diseases in young adults, while a similar profile in aged women can reflect hormonal physiological changes. Both definitions for MS diagnosis discriminate patients from controls, especially IDF, sometimes with lower capacity to determine high risk for cardiovascular complications. The high prevalence of MS in patients, even with cardiologic medical assistance, suggests predisposition for cardiovascular manifestations in Brazilian individuals.


An analysis of variability in the sculpture of shell apertures was carried out for 1,087 specimens of Ruthenica filograna from 33 localities and for 20 laboratory-bred individuals reared from parents from a single locality. Nine patterns of aperture sculpture were distinguished. There are usually two kinds of sculpture: with one plica in the aperture being an extension of the inferior lamella, and without plicae in the aperture. Sporadically, the subcolumellar lamella may be connected with the lip of the aperture by a plica. Additional plicae occur in the aperture only rarely. All populations examined showed variations in the number and arrangement of plicae. The coefficient of variation in the number of plicae in the shell aperture ranged from 32.6% to 121.8% within localities. No consistent relationship was found between the geographical location and the shell sculpture pattern. Specimens bred in the laboratory developed shell apertures with a variety of sculptural patterns, including one present neither in the parents, nor in the population from which it came. This characteristic is probably phenotypically plastic. It cannot be used for taxonomic purposes, and it is suggested that great caution is needed before using similar characters in other species.


The invention discloses a trapping floating boom nonvolatile memory of a coronary barrier composite tunneling layer, relating to the technical field of microelectronics. The nonvolatile memory comprises a silicon substrate, a source conduction area and a drain conduction area that are heavily doped on the silicon substrate, a composite tunneling layer consisting of high k material medium/SiO2 material medium/high k material medium and being covered on a current carrier groove between the source conduction region and the drain conduction region, a trapping floating boom layer covered on the composite tunneling layer, high k material or SiO2 material control grid medium layer covered on the trapping floating boom layer and a grid material layer covered on the control grid medium layer. The invention further discloses a method for manufacturing the trapping floating boom nonvolatile memory of the coronary barrier composite tunneling layer. By the utilization of the memory and the method, the memory property of the floating boom nonvolatile memory is improved comprehensively. In addition, the memory has simple manufacturing technology, thus reducing the manufacturing cost.


The sections in this article are

Introduction
Chemically Modified sp2 Bonded Carbon Electrodes
Hydrogen-terminated Surfaces
Surfaces Modified by Chemisorbed Molecules
Effect of Surface Modification on the Electrochemical Properties

Chemically Modified sp3 Bonded Carbon Electrodes
CVD Diamond Thin-film Growth
Surface Termination
Oxygen-terminated Surfaces
Surfaces Modified by Chemisorbed Molecules
Effect of Surface Modification on the Electrochemical Properties

Conclusions
Acknowledgments


The present parametric tradeoff study for OTV electric propulsion systems encompasses ammonia and hydrogen arcjets as well as Xe-ion propulsion systems with performance characteristics currently being projected for 1993 operation. In all cases, the power source is a nuclear-electric system with 30 kg/kW(e) specific mass, and the mission involves the movement of payloads from lower orbits to GEO. Attention is given to payload capabilities and associated propellant requirements. Mission trip time is identified as the key parameter for selection; while arcjets are preferable for shorter trip times, ion propulsion is more advantageous for longer trip times due to reduced propellant mass fraction.


This paper presents the results of a current study on the development and impact response of composite plates manufactured by injection overmolding on the two sides of a single reinforcement fibre mat. The injection polymer is a talc-filled polypropylene, nowadays used for structural purposes. Three configurations with different insert fibre mats were used: Kevlar, biaxial and multiaxial glass fibre mats. The parameters studied were the fibre mat type and the impact energy. For single impact tests, it was concluded that the highest impact energy required to achieve impactor perforation is obtained with Kevlar insert, while the highest percentage of energy recovered is achieved with biaxial glass fibre netting. Kevlar insert also allows for the maximum impact stiffness. For the multi-impact tests, the recovered energy and the dynamic stiffness show the same tendencies of the single impact tests. On low energy impacts, the effect of the insert fibre and of the previous impact are quite reduced, while for impact energies above 6J, previous impacts reduce significantly the recovered energy and the impact energy for which the perforation was achieved.


Wet weather events were a major concern for the City of London (City). Prior to plant upgrade, when major wet weather flows occurred plant overflow would discharge directly into the Thames River. The solution designed by Dillon Consulting Limited treats wet weather flows of nearly ten times the rated average day plant capacity. The average and peak flow treatment capacity of the treatment plant is 20,900 m/d and 34,640 m/d, respectively. The wet weather operating strategy accommodates peak plant flows of about 200, 000 m/d and includes:


Summary Homogenates from flank skin of Ambystoma maculatum embryos at stage 35 show MSH-like activity when tested with punctate melanophores in epidermal vesicles and in hypophysectomized larvae. Homogenates from flank skin of older embryos (Siredon mexicanum at stage 41-42) and from adult tissues (Rana pipiens) show no such activity. The temporary occurrence of an MSH-like factor in early embryonic skin may explain the initial pituitary independence of the earliest melanophores differentiating in urodele pigment patterns.


Objective To evaluate the anticancer activity of 5'-dexoxy-fluorouridine on colon cancer experimental models in BALB/C mice,compared with 5'-fluorouracil,an anticancer agent widely used in clinic,meanwhile,examined the conversion of 5'-Dexoxy-fluorouridine to 5' -fluorouracil in cancer tissues and serum of mouse models.Methods The xenografts of mouse colon cancer cell line CT 26 were transplantated to cecum in 60 male BALB/C mice.Three days lated,these mice were divided into 3 groups and intro- peritoneally injected:( 1 ) 5' - dexoxy- fluorouridine 0.1 mg/g,(2) 5' - Fluorouracil 0.02 mg/g,(3)0.9% sodium chloride 0.4 mL (as a control),respectively.Two and three weeks later,6 mice were sacririced in every group respectively to measure the weight of tumors and bodies,to examine the Hb,RBC,WBC,PLT,AST,ALT,UREA,and CREA in blood.The rest 8 mice in each group were fed generally,and the survival time from operation to natural death was recorded.In addition,14 mice with xenografts of CT 26 about 2 weeks,were divided into 2 groups averagely,5' -dexoxy-fluorouridine 0.1 mg/g and 5' -fluorouracil 0.02 mg/g were intro-peritoneally injected respectively.Fifteen min later,the converted 5' -fluorouracil was detected from the blood and tumor tissues in sacrificed mice.Results The lest tumor average weight was found in the mice injected 5 '-dexoxy-fluorouridine,being (0.07 ± 0.12) g and (0.24g ±0.29) g for the mice sacrificed at 2 and 3 weeks later,respectively.The average survival time for rest mice was ( 32.6 ± 8.9) d.The average tumor weight in 5' - fluorouracil group was (0.74 ± 0.43 ) g and ( 1.13 ±0.75) g at 2 and 3 weeks later,and the average survival time for the rest was (22.8 ±5.9)d,respectively.The average tumor weight in the control group was (0.70 ±0.47) g and ( 1.93 ±0.83) g at 2 and 3 weeks,and the average survival time for the rest was ( 17.5 ± 2.8 ) d.Either the average tumor weight or average survival time in the mice of 5 ' -dexoxy-fluorouridine group was significantly differen from either 5' -fluorouracil group or control (P < 0.05 ).However,there was no significant difference for the numbers of WBC,PLC,Hb,and some function examination of liver and kidney among 3 group mice,besides the loss of weights in 5'-fluorouracil group mice after operation and medicine therapy which was significantly obvious than that in 5' -deoxy-fluorouridine and control groups ( P < 0.05 ).In addition,( 54.71 ± 12.82) μg/g 5' -fluorouracil was detected in xenografts of mice injected 5' -dexoxy-fluorouridine 15 min later,which was the 6.20 folds of 5' -fluorouracil detected in serum from sthe ame group,P <0.05.However,( 133.35 ±20.69) μg/m 5'-fluorouracil were detected in serum of mice after 5' -fluorouracil were injected 15 min later,which was the 1.55 folds of 5' -fluorouracil detected in the xenografts from same group ( P < 0.05 ).Conclusions In colon cancer tissues of mouse experimental models,5' - dexoxy- fluorouridine could be converted effectively to 5'-fluorouracil,an obvious high concentration being detected in serum of mice than in cancer tissues.The anticancer effect of 5'-dexoxy-fluorouridine on mouse colon cancer models was more effective than 5'-fluorouracil,resulting in a longer survival duration,less side effect and no significant injury on liver and kidney functions.However,the mechanism of 5' -dexoxy-fluorouridine converted to 5' -fluorouracil in cancer tissue is needed further investigation.

Key words:
Colorectal cancer ;  Animal experimental model ;  Thymidine phosphorylase ;  5'-deoxy-fluorouridine ;  5' -fluorouracil ;


Objective To explore the causes,characteristics and treatment of intervertebral infection following microendoscopic discectomy. Methods An analysis of 11 patients (6 male and 11 female) of postoperative intervertebral infection following microendoscopic discectomy was performed,including 6 patients of acute infection and 5 patients of chronic infection. The average age of the patients was 38.4 years,ranging from 29~48 years. All 11 patients were treated with conservative therapy and totally recovered in 2~6 months. Results The infection following microendoscopic discectomy was possibly caused by the contamination in the operation and preoperative risk factors; its clinical symptom was usually slight and the infection could be cured by the conservative therapy. Conclusion The occurrence of intervertebral infection can be reduced and prevented through the treatment in preoperative risk factors,the strict sterile operation and management on the operating room.


Subtropical mixed broadleaf-conifer forest is an important vegetation type in south China, where forest fires occurred frequently. Study on the moisture content of typical forest-land surface dead fuels in the region is of benefit to increase the accuracy of fire danger forecast. By taking the dead forest land surface fuels in 5 typical stands in Chayuanshan Forest Farm, Nanchang city, Jiaxi province as the studied objects, through continuous observation on moisture of five dead fuels, the relations between the dead fuels and weather variables were investigated. Based on the weather factors, FWI factor and the results of both, the moisture content ranges of different dead fuels were distinguished, and three predictive models for five dead fuels were respectively established. The results show that the fuel moisture in the region in the study period ranged from 11.8% to 276.6%, one fourth of time they were less than 35% which is ready to burn and in the rest time the burn probability of the fuels had lower combustibility, which suggests low fire hazard in the region. Even so, since the minimum moisture was below 10%, it still had the potential to burn largely. For the three types of models established, the FWI model had the largest error, higher than the vapor exchange models and the mixed model, where there was no significant difference between the rest two models. Considering simple computation requirements, the vapor exchange models are the best choice for predicting fuel moisture in the region, for all different moisture ranges. The MAE were 2.25%~4.67% with a average of 3.73%, the MRE were from 11.14% to 23.73% with average of 18.63%. The FWI indexes were closely correlated with fuel moisture in the region, which indicates that they were suitable for the region and for creating a nationally unique prediction model. But systematically modification should be conducted rather than the simple one done here for higher accuracy.


This paper introduces the implementation of PLC network control system based on PROFIBUS-DP,and discusses the application of WinCC that implements supervision,control and data acquisition.


Abstract Smokers have an increased risk for coronary artery disease (CAD), which can only partly be explained by fasting lipoprotein changes. Recent studies have indicated that smokers express metabolic abnormalities characteristic of insulin resistance syndrome. A preliminary study reported an increased postprandial triglyceride (TG) response in smokers compared with nonsmokers. To investigate the effect of smoking on postprandial lipemia, a fat-rich mixed meal (837 kcal, 63 g of fat) was served to 12 healthy smokers and 12 controls with similar fasting lipoprotein profiles, body composition, and lifestyles. Blood was drawn before and 3, 4, 6, and 8 hours postprandially, and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) fractions (chylomicrons, VLDL1, VLDL2, and IDL) were separated with density gradient ultracentrifugation. Pre- and postprandial TG, retinyl esters (RE), apolipoprotein B-48 (apoB-48) and B-100 (apoB-100) were measured in each fraction. Smokers showed a significantly increased postprandial TG respon...


Three years ago a study of the legal background of the American junior college' was published, which reported the state laws dealing with the status of the institution at that time. It was found that more than a dozen commonwealths had made some provisions for an extension of secondary opportunities beyond the traditional twelfth grade. When the origin of this public-school administrative unit was investigated, it appeared that the private junior college was early established without specific legal sanction except that required by the state in the case of any private-venture school, and no doubt public junior colleges appearing in the early 900oo's were regarded, from the point of view of state statutes, simply as further extensions of secondary education with the background of the court decision in the historic Kalamazoo case." Later, however, certain of the states began to enact laws dealing specifically with the new educational unit. In some states these laws went no farther than authorization; in other states provisions were included for the details of organization, control, and possible suspension; in one state the relation of the new unit with the state university was defined; and in seven states matters of finance were dealt with. Legislative authorization for junior-college work in the public school appeared in the state of California in 1907. Specific reference to the "junior college" was not made in this bill, but one finds here Sa) Frederick Lamson Whitney, The Junior College in America. Colorado Teachers College Education Series, No. 5. Greeley, Colorado: Colorado State Teachers College, 1928. b) Frederick L. Whitney, "Present Trend of Junior College Laws," School and Society, XXVII (June 30, 1928), 789-91. 2 Charles E. Stuart et al. vs. School District No. I, 30 Michigan 69. Also in Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction of Michigan, 1874.


The lives of political women outcasts under the French Second Empire have not attracted much historical attention. This article explores three types of female outcasts who challenge the traditional stereotype of a unchanging «eternal feminine» given over to domesticity. The first figure is the wife who « stays behind » the male political exile. She is not passive inasmuch as she assumes, at least in part, the responsibilities of her husband as well as the shame attached to his name. The second type is the woman who follows her husband into exile. She also plays an active role inasmuch as she helps to build and maintain family relations and political connections. If we look beyond the cliche of the wife who sacrifices her comfort and happiness for the sake of her husband, we find that these women had a variety of professional experiences and very ably adjusted to foreign circumstances. The last figure is the single woman outcast, who either is expelled from France or leaves by her own free will. In the case of such women outcasts as Jenny d'Hericourt and Jeanne Deroin, the exile experience transformed their militant behavior and the nature of their political activism.


The Army Veterinary Corps (AVC) was formed in 1903 following pressure to reform the Army Veterinary Services after the enormous animal losses incurred in the South African War (1899-1902). In 1906 the Corps combined with the Army Veterinary Department and in 1907 Major General Sir Frederick Smith became Director General and set about reorganising the force and introducing modern veterinary methods and equipment.


Dietary administration of lactobacilli and certain fibres significantly reduced the severity of methotrexate-induced enterocolitis in rats by improving intestinal mucosal structure, reversing microbiota disruption, possibly also influencing intestinal mucosal immunity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of two Lactobacillus strains and fibres, which have been proven to be effective in enterocolitis of rats, on gut immune response. All rats received continuous intragastric infusion of an elemental diet with or without supplementation of pectin, oatbase, and Lactobacillus reuteri R2LC or Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 9843 from the beginning of the study via a gastrostomy. The control group rats had normal chow throughout the study. On day three, animals received intraperitoneal injections of either methotrexate, 20 mg/kg, or normal saline, and the sampling was done on day six. Administration of methotrexate significantly diminished intestinal secretory IgA level and gut lamina propria CD4/CD8 lymphocyte counts. The addition of L. reuteri R2LC, and L. plantarum DSM 9843, but not of pectin and oatbase, significantly increased the ileal and colonic secretory IgA level, both in soluble and insoluble fractions, and elevated CD4 and CD8 numbers compared with control enterocolitis rats. The enhancement of gut immune function by lactobacilli administration may be one of the important processes through which certain strains of lactobacilli facilitated the recovery from enterocolitis. Keywords: intestinal immunity, enterocolitis, Lactobacillus reuteri , Lactobacillus plantarum , pectin, oat.


Due to harmonic content in the voltage and current wave forms in the power electronic devices working at high frequencies cause mechanical vibrations, acoustic noise, and EMI interference makes the workers uncomfortable. Proposed work deals with a new and effective technique to possess low acoustic noise and mechanical vibration when lower switching frequency is chosen. Pseudo random pulse width modulation the new established technique is used to eliminate this undesirable effect. A pseudorandom carrier modulation scheme and its harmonic spectra spread effect is described in this paper. By the random synthesis of the two triangular carriers, each of same fixed frequency, but opposite phase are used to produce the pseudorandom carrier of the proposed scheme.  By pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) random bit's states, the random selection of the two triangular carriers are decided. The random selector of the PRBS random bits is Multiplexer, produces the resultant pseudorandom frequency carrier waveform. In order to verify the validity of the proposed method, the simulations were conducted with single phase full bridge inverter.


This paper reports on La-NaY ion exchange breakthrough curves which were obtained experimentally at 27 and 60{degrees}C. A mathematical model of an ion exchanger was formulated and employed to calculate the ion exchanger coefficients. An ionic diffusion coefficient of the order of 10{sup {minus}8} cm{sup 2}/s was obtained. The effects of zeolite particle size, temperature, and column packing conditions on the kinetics of the exchange were investigated also.


Text classification also called (text categorization or text tagging) is a crucial and extensively used approach in Natural Language Processing (NLP), to predict unseen content documents into prearranged categories. In this paper, we evaluate the dataset construction and evaluation process as a component of text classification. To begin with, we produced a newly created dataset for Indian Origin Scientists for text classification, which was collected by applying focused crawling and web scraping techniques. We then demonstrate an extensive evaluation of numerous models on this recently constructed dataset. Our evaluations display that the Random forest model outperforms the rest of the supervised models. Our results produce a fine beginning for additional research in Indian Origin Scientists' classification of text. Investigational outcome with K Nearest Neighbor, Logistic Regression, and Support Vector Machine for Indian-origin scientists produced much better performances for Random Forest when combined with SMOTE and K fold cross-validation techniques. We apply the Area under the ROC Curve to compute the effectiveness of the chosen models. Overall, the Random Forest classifier exhibited the best output along with 90% micro-average AUC.


ABSTRACT The growth of the over-55 population segment in the United States will require an accompanying growth in the available housing options for this segment after retirement. This paper reports the results of research aimed at more clearly understanding this population's attitudes toward post-retirement housing. Specifically, this paper examines the attractiveness of the various post-retirement housing options, the respondents' role in the decision-making process, the reasons for moving into such housing, and preferred amenities. Findings indicate that the need to maintain independence is of primary importance for this group.


Amitav Ghosh is an iconic figure in English literature whose vision and treatment of history is quite different as he does not focus upon kings and queens to interpret history. Instead of it he focuses upon the history of ordinary unhistorical figures of the past in his novels. This research paper is an attempt to present the framework of Ghosh's style of voicing the unvoiced, the silence of the Others or Subaltern . Ghosh's style of giving voice to the silence or intoning silence is going to be taken into account here. The aim of this paper is to analyse the narrative strategies employed by the author to integrate the fictional and historical characters and to recreate the history of nations by filling up the gaps and absence. This paper is an attempt to illustrate the position of Amitav Ghosh in the postcolonial literary scenario and his role in reconstructing the lost culture heritage and myths of the communities he came into contact. Introduction: The novels and writing by Ghosh have been granted several major awards and have been nominated or short-listed for even more. He is regarded as one of the most important of the Indian writers in English of the post-Rushdie generations, and in the Bengali tradition within this larger category. His reputation is mainly due to the ambivalent na- ture of his fiction as both intellectually important and topical, whilst remaining immensely readable for the wider public. This combination of academic viability and popular acces- sibility is rare and a very important one. Intoning Silence: Ghosh in his famous novel The Hungry Tide sketches the life of dalit refugees from Bangladesh who are ejected from the cast in Sundarban forest, a region of difficult archipelagos full up with hunger and calamity. The novel The Hungry Tide is set in the sundarban region of rural Bengal which registers a response to the social and politi- cal concern of the marginal sections of the Indian society. It dramatically performs the impact of religious intolerance and environmental conservation projects upon the communities of subaltern humans. To make the above given aspects more clear a brief charac- terization of his few famous characters from The Hungry Tide is going to be taken into account in this study. The Hungry Tide's four major women characters can be widely catego- rised based on their cultural positioning as rural and urban women. Nilima and Piya,who are the urban women and un- familiar to the Sunderban topography. Infact they were not born into these adverse surroundings and had not been cul- turally adapted into its rules of survival. Culturally removed by their superior learning and upbringing both these women are at pains to familiarize themselves with the harsh realities of the rural life. Removed from their confined urban lives Nilima and Piya develop their own networks - each exclusive in their application to create a deal with their confrontational surroundings. The novel truly chronicled the enthusiasm and strength of mind of these women which can be seen at ap- pearance of terrible personal predicament. Through these characters Ghosh attempts to recover or highlight the experi- ences of those who are up till now absent from history, is of course not new.


Background— Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in stroke patients. Some patients with asymptomatic CAD might benefit from specific prevention, but the prevalence of asymptomatic CAD is not well known. We assessed the prevalence of ≥50% asymptomatic CAD in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack and whether the prevalence is related to traditional vascular risk factors and cervicocephalic atherosclerosis. Methods and Results— From January 2006 to February 2009, consecutive patients between 45 and 75 years of age with nondisabling, noncardioembolic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack and no prior history of CAD were enrolled in the study. All patients had a 64-section computed tomography coronary angiography and a detailed cervicocephalic arterial workup. Risk factors were assessed individually and through the Framingham Risk Score. Among 300 patients included in the study, 274 had computed tomography coronary angiography. The prevalence of ≥50% asymptomatic CAD was 18% (95% confidence interval [CI], 14 to 23; n=50). Asymptomatic CAD was independently associated with traditional risk factors assessed individually and through the Framingham Risk Score (odds ratio [OR], 2.6; 95% CI, 1.0 to 7.6 for a 10-year risk of coronary heart disease of 10% to 19%; and OR, 7.3; 95% CI, 2.8 to 19.1 for a 10 year-risk of coronary heart disease ≥20%), the presence of at least 1 ≥50% cervicocephalic artery stenosis (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.4 to 11.2), excessive alcohol consumption (OR, 3.1; 95% CI 1.3 to 7.3), and ankle brachial index <0.9 (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 0.9 to 5.2). The prevalence of ≥50% asymptomatic CAD was also related to the extent of cervicocephalic atherosclerosis. Conclusions— About one fifth of patients with nondisabling, noncardioembolic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack have ≥50% asymptomatic CAD. In addition to vascular risk factors, the presence of ≥50% cervicocephalic artery stenosis is strongly related to ≥50% asymptomatic CAD.


The relationships between German intellectuals and politics at the turn of the nineteenth century have been much debated, with the nature of the German liberal tradition at the core of controversy, and with questions about the interconnections between liberalism, nationalism, and neohumanist Bildung circling not far beyond that core. Prominent in such discussions stands the figure of the Prussian scholar and statesman Wilhelm von Humboldt. Best known today variously for his part in overhauling the Prussian educational system during the "reform era" of Chancellors Stein and Hardenberg, or for helping to establish the disciplines of classical philology and comparative linguistics, Humboldt also authored one of the seminal texts in the European liberal tradition and was actively involved in the diplomacy, constitutional planning, and nationalist upheaval surrounding Napoleon's expulsion from Germany and the subsequent construction of the German Confederation.


It analyzed the history of science education and ethics education,and discused the necessity of their integration,in the end,the authors make their thonght of how to integrate science education and ethics-education.


This study examines the demand of military expenditure among Southeast Asian countries since the end of the Cold War. By using a dynamic panel approach, I find that military spending in the region has been jointly determined by economic, strategic and socio-political factors. In particular, surging foreign debt burdens and the rise of China – two regional issues that gained prominence in the post-Cold War period – show their significance as determinants along with other generalist variables. The results therefore ask for the development of even-handed and region-sensitive approaches to studying military build-up in the region of Southeast Asia.


The article analyzes the essence, principles and basic concepts of linguocultrology and its role in enhancing students' linguocultural competence. The author emphasizes that culture is a is a multidimensional phenomenon, a complex process with a communicative nature. Thanks to the linguocultural approach, language learners learn not only the language but also the traditions and customs of the people whose language is being studied.


High Statistics and diversity of mental-behavioral disorders, Failure of learning and physical disabilities exists as special needs in the educational process of students. Emphasis of institutions, international organizations and researches conducted, education and learning at an acceptable level the fundamental and natural right of all children know education and learning at an acceptable level to be the fundamental and natural right of all children and have requested training and designing capacity building programs in schools to provide services to all children, especially children with special needs and support for teachers is one of the solutions to achieve these objective. The purpose is providing new concepts of effectiveness of teachers of regular classes and its influencing factors in the process of educating students with special needs. This research was done until data saturation with qualitative approach and basic theoretical method and by using focused group discussion interviews with 10 teachers, 10 students with special needs and 8 of parents of students with special needs, which were selected by sampling method based on purpose. Interviews were recorded and eventually were handwritten and analyzed. Analysis of the data led to the emergence of concepts of teacher effectiveness attributes such as eternal effectiveness, Security Provider, changing the path of life and also determining three influencing factors: A. Full recognition of teachers about their roles in relation to the students B. teacher recognition of special needs of students C. Understanding the proper position in the process of teaching these students. Findings showed that one of the best supports of public education and responding to growing special needs of students is supporting teachers in regular classes and strengthening him as an important element in the process of educating students with special needs to manage three effective factors listed in the Results.


Nowadays, there is a rapidly increasing number of conferences and journals in computer science that make a lot of challenges for researchers to find an appropriate venue to submit their scientific work. There is a need for a recommendation system that can support researchers for a better process of paper submission. In this paper, we present an efficient approach for building such a recommendation model by using embedding methods, Global Vector (GloVe) 1 created by Pennington et al. [1] and FastText 2 proposed by Facebook [2], Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) [3], and LSTM. The experimental results show that the combination of CNNs and FastText, CNN + FastText, can achieve the best performance in terms of the Top 1 Accuracy compared with other techniques, including the S2RSCS model, as presented in [4]. Moreover, the performance by using GloVe or FastText is much better, faster, and more stable than S2RSCS in most cases.


This paper presents the method of evaluation of a technical object as immersed in a logistic system with regard to its durability, the operational availability/readiness and the utilisation factor. These factors decide upon the object's effectiveness. For this evaluation probabilistic models from the theory of reliability and of the semi-Markov process were used. For the purpose of this paper as a technical object serves an aircraft. The process of operating an aircraft consists in using its resources to function accumulated during the process of its manufacture and resulting from a periodic regeneration of these resources in order to maintain its capability of being further operated. For the sake of better understanding our discussion we will refer to the said 'flying craft' as an aircraft (including also other 'means of transport' into this notion). The paper in principle concerns on analysis of safe durability and aircraft availability/readiness analysis. The availability factor of an object in a logistic system expresses the prospective possibility of an effective action. The degree of utilisation of this "potential" for a passenger plane is represented by the occupancy factor. A product ctors of availability and occupancy can describe the overall effectiveness indicator, which characterises the availability and the market demand.


The planning, implementation and use of closed circuit television (CCTV) to reduce crime in town centres and shopping malls are well documented. The deployment and use of covert television systems by law enforcement agencies has also been successful. Where commercial CCTV systems, installed for one purpose, are used by the police to support the security at a political conference the following requires careful planning and execution: the operation of the equipment; the requirements of the operation command; and the training of the operators. The Dorset Police, a UK provincial force, have learnt many lessons from their past experiences of securing political conferences. Those experiences strongly influenced the way in which they used CCTV for the political conference held in October 1996 in a town in their force area. This paper will share some of the lessons and methods that ensured that the best performance was obtained from the commercially available CCTV systems.


Once again the TWiT Army rides to the rescue. A number of you have been looking for automated ways to download every single Security Now


Occupational stress and organizational change are now widely accepted as two major issues in organizational life. The current study explores the linkage between employees' attitudes towards organizational change and two of the most significant constructs in organizational behaviour; occupational stress and organizational commitment. A total of 292 participants completed ASSET, a new Organizational Screening Tool, which, amongst other things, measures workplace stress and organizational commitment and a measure assessing attitudes towards organizational change. The results were in the expected direction showing negative correlations between occupational stressors and attitudes to change indicating that highly stressed individuals demonstrate decreased commitment and increased reluctance to accept organizational change interventions. The most significant impact on attitudes to change was coming from bad work relationships emphasizing the importance of that occupational stressor on employees' attitudes towards change. The results did not support the role of organizational commitment as a moderator in the relationship between occupational stress and attitudes to change.


In this paper, we present two strategies to embed the SAS (symmetric-and-antisymmetric) scheme into conjugate gradient (CG) algorithms to make solving 3D elasticity problems, with or without global reeexive symmetry, more eecient. The SAS approach is physically a domain decomposition scheme that takes advantage of reeexive symmetry of discretized physical problems, and algebraically a matrix transformation method that exploits special reeexivity properties of the matrix resulting from discretization. In addition to ooering large-grain parallelism, which is valuable in a multiprocessing environment, the SAS scheme also has the potential for reducing arithmetic operations in the numerical solution of a reasonably wide class of scientiic and engineering problems. This approach can be applied directly to problems that have global reeexive symmetry, yielding smaller and independent subproblems to solve, or indirectly to problems with partial symmetry, resulting in loosely coupled subproblems. The decomposition is achieved by separating the reeexive subspace from the antireeexive one, possessed by a special class of matrices A, A 2 C nn , that satisfy the relation A = PAP where P is a reeection matrix (symmetric signed permutation matrix). Although there are a great number of problems with global reeexive symmetry, many other problems are asymmetric. For such asymmetric problems, direct application of this approach to the whole problem to yield entirely independent subproblems does not seem possible. Therefore, we resort to indirect applications so that the advantage of this approach can be carried over. This is well situated when it is employed in conjunction with iterative schemes such as the (preconditioned) CG algorithms. There are two diierent approaches to achieving this goal. One is to construct a preconditioner for the CG algorithm in such a way that the preconditioner, as close to the original matrix as possible, has the desired reeexivity property and then apply SAS to the preconditioning linear system. The other is to split the matrix into as many matrices as desired so that most of them possess some form of reeexivity property, and then apply SAS only to those with the reeexivity property


The idea that our universe endured a hot dense past before expanding and cooling to its present state has caused a special relationship to develop between the fields of high energy physics and cosmology. In order to describe our high temperature past, an understanding of high energy physics is required. On the other hand, our understanding of high energy physics is incomplete, and the early universe has proven to be a useful "laboratory" in which to test new ideas. A new high energy theory can be used to model earlier epochs. If this new high energy physics affects the evolution of the universe in a way that can be detected today, a test of that theory results. In addition, applying high energy theories to studying the early universe has introduced interesting new ideas into the field of cosmology. This field is too vast to cover in three lectures. (For more detailed discussions see, for example, references [l], and [2).) My goal is, by presenting a selection of topics, to convey my enthusiasm for the field and to point out areas which could prove fruitful for further research. 'Lectures presented at the 1987 Theoretical Advanced Studies Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico


The Cambridge History of the British Empire. Edited by J. HOLLAND ROSE, A. P. NEWTON, and E. A. BENIANS. Volume 1: The Old Empire from the Beginnings to 1788. Cambridge: The University Press. New York: The Macmillan Company. 1029. Pp. xxii, 031. ($9.50.) To review this massive book is rather like reviewing a library. Nearly a score of competent authors tell in a single volume the story of the British Empire down to the creation of the United States. The work of all is based upon original materials, much of it manuscript. Sir Charles Lucas opens the book with a striking introduction in which he calls the British system "the most illogical human structure that the world has seen and very nearly the strongest" (p. 14). Its record is one of "the progressive development of dependencies into independent partner nations." This former assistant under-secretary of state for the colonies has no scruple about changing the title "British Empire" to that of "British Commonwealth of Nations." Citizens of Great Britain must, he says, think even of this Commonwealth not imperially but internationally--as itself containing a variety of nations. The work is planned to include eight volumes, the first three to cover imperial policy and expansion, two on India, one each on Canada (including Newfoundland), Australia and New Zealand, and South Africa. The first volume relates chiefly to British colonial policy in North America and the West Indies, and carries us far afield, for it covers not merely enterprise overseas and conflicts with Spain, Holland, and France for colonial power, but also the intricate system of administration in London which, after 1696, centred in the ,.Board of Trade and Plantations. This advisory body drew up instructions to governors and watched colonial trade with two chief aims,--control by the mother country, and the checking of manufactures which might rival hers. It was always the champion of the royal prerogative as opposed to the claims of the colonial legislatures to be real parliaments, with independent powers, At the same time it made careful and, in the main, wise reports on colonial affairs. The two periods dealt with most fully are those resulting in the Peace of Paris in 1763 which vastly expanded the British Empire, and in the Treaty of Versailles in 1783 which vastly contracted it. Among the contributors are Dr. Holland Rose on sea power, Pro-


Flow control is a regulation policy which limits the source rates of a network so that the network is well utilized while minimizing traac congestion and data loss. The diiculties in providing an eeective ow control policy are caused by the burstiness of data traac, the dynamic nature of the available bandwidth, as well as the feedback delay. This thesis develops analytical tools for designing eecient ow control algorithms for data networks. Though the ideas presented in this thesis are general and apply to any virtual circuit networks, they will be explained in the context of the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technology. In particular, this thesis will focus on the available bit rate (ABR) service in ATM, which allows the use of network feedback in dynamically adjusting source rates. Using a control theoretic framework, this thesis proposes a new design methodology for ow control algorithms based on separating the problem into two simpler components: rate reference control (RRC) and queue reference control (QRC). The RRC component matches the input rate of a switch to its available output band-width, while the QRC component maintains the queue level at a certain threshold and minimizes queue oscillation around that threshold. Separating the ow control problem into these two components decouples the complex dynamics of the system into two easier control problems which are analytically tractable. Moreover, the QRC component is shown to correct any errors computed by the RRC component by using measurements of the queue length, and thus can be viewed as an error observer. The interaction between the two components is analyzed, and the various ways in which they can be combined are discussed. These new theoretical insights allow us to design ow control algorithms that achieve fair rate allocations and high link utilization with small average queue sizes even in the presence of large delays. This thesis also presents a new technique that simpliies the realization of ow control algorithms designed using the conceptual framework discussed above. The key idea is to simulate network dynamics using control cells in the same stream as the data cells, thereby implicitly implementing an observer. This \natural" observer eliminates the need for explicitly measuring the round-trip delay. Incorporating these ideas, we describe a speciic ow control algorithm that is provably stable and has the shortest possible transient response time. Moreover, the algorithm achieves fair bandwidth allocation among contending connections and maximizes network throughput. It …


The gallery directed by Iris Clert was inaugurated in 1956. Despite being a novice in the world of the art market, it quickly acquired a visibility and legitimacy in the middle of the Parisian artistic landscape and became one of the principal experimental galleries of the period. At the turn of the 1960s, the gallery is proud to house collective expositions - the successive Micro-Salons that united the full production of pictorial works of the period - and essential mono-graphies: Yves Klein's Le Vide (April 1958), Jean Tinguely's Les Meta-Matics (July 1959), Le Plan of Arman (October 1960). By putting the Iris Clert Gallery in the context of the time and by analyzing the types of diffusion and mediation used by the owner of the gallery, this study sheds light on the most innovative aspects of her practise and programming, which are centred around her leading personality, emphasizing the very form of the exposition and the appeal to informative and communicative methods adapted to her object, which is the contemporary art.


Oxidative mechanisms of injury are important in many neurological disorders. Developing oligodendrocytes (pre‐OLs) are particularly sensitive to oxidative stress‐mediated injury. We previously demonstrated a novel function of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) and menaquinone 4 (MK‐4; a major form of vitamin K2) in protecting pre‐OLs and immature neurons against glutathione depletion‐induced oxidative damage (Li et al. [ 2003 ] J. Neurosci. 23:5816–5826). Here we report that vitamin K at nanomolar concentrations prevents arachidonic acid‐induced oxidative injury to pre‐OLs through blocking the activation of 12‐lipoxygenase (12‐LOX). Arachidonic acid metabolism is a potential source for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation during ischemia and reperfusion. Exposure of pre‐OLs to arachidonic acid resulted in oxidative cell death in a concentration‐dependent manner. Administration of vitamin K (K1 and MK‐4) completely prevented the toxicity. Consistent with our previous findings, inhibitors of 12‐LOX abolished ROS production and cell death, indicating that activation of 12‐LOX is a key event in arachidonic acid‐induced pre‐OL death. Vitamin K1 and MK‐4 significantly blocked 12‐LOX activation and prevented ROS accumulation in pre‐OLs challenged with arachidonic acid. However, vitamin K itself did not directly inhibit 12‐LOX enzymatic activity when assayed with purified 12‐LOX in vitro. These results suggest that vitamin K, or likely its metabolites, acts upstream of activation of 12‐LOX in pre‐OLs. In summary, our data indicate that vitamin K prevents oxidative cell death by blocking activation of 12‐LOX and ROS generation. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The research aimed to study the influence of the use of solvent type with the addition of maltodextrin on various concentration on the physalis angulata leaves to obtain the maximal amount of flavonoid, polyphenol, and alkaloid. The Physalis angulata L leaf was extracted using a solvent of 70% ethanol, 100% distilled water and maltodextrin with concentrations of 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%. The UV-VIS spectrophotometric method was used to analyze the quality of flavonoid and polyphenol compounds. The gravimetric method was used to analyze the alkaloid compounds. Results of analysis of Physalis angulata leaf extract showed that the treatment of 70% ethanol added with 9% maltodextrin obtained the highest average value of flavonoid. The average amount of flavonoid was 3268.20 mg GAE/g extract. The treatment of 70% ethanol added with 6% maltodextrin produced the highest average value of alkaloid. The average amount of alkaloid was 53.16%. Results of advanced Duncan's test showed that the highest average value of all parameters analyzed appeared that the best treatment was a solvent of 70% ethanol added with 9% maltodextrin.


The well-known 3-gradient method allows accessing to a beam RMS emittance and Twiss parameters at a position A by measuring its rms size at a downstream position B with at least 3 different transport conditions from A to B. We suggest extending this method to access to a beam phase-space distribution model at A from beam profiles measured at B. We propose to use an iterative method which consists in: - defining a parametric model describing the beam distribution in 4D transverse phase-space at a position A, - adjusting iteratively the model parameters by minimizing the difference between beam profiles measured at B and those obtained by transporting the beam generated according to the model with TraceWIN code from A to B. This method allows taking into account space-charge and other transport non-linearities.


In recent years, automated opinion classification has evolved as one of the most demanding area in natural language processing. Many such systems have been implemented and developed for the summarization and classification of text and reviews of online products. There are many data sources and domains which sells the online products, such as Amazon, Flipkart, Snapdeal etc. In the same direction, this paper is intended to present a detailed review and comparative analysis of various existing sentiment analysis algorithms especially for the Amazon products, which have worked upon the supervised learning techniques called Naïve Bayes, logistic regression and SentiWordNet. Various key parameters and aspects of such a comparative tour are the use of feature reduction method, sentiment polarity, dataset domain and sources, product name, data set size and classifier. Further this paper includes the discussion on their accuracy results; additional results including important findings; and needs, challenges and limitations. Lastly, the performance of these algorithms is evaluated by comparing the % usage of the key parameters.


This paper focuses on data structures for multi-core reachability, which is a key component in model checking algorithms and other verification methods. A cornerstone of an efficient solution is the storage of visited states. In related work, static partitioning of the state space was combined with thread-local storage. This solution leaves room for improvements. This paper presents a solution with a shared state storage. It is based on a lockless hash table implementation and scales better. The solution is specifically designed for the cache architecture of modern CPUs. Because model checking algorithms impose loose requirements on the hash table operations, their design can be streamlined substantially compared to related work on lockless hash tables. The resulting speedups are analyzed and compared with related tools. Our implementation outperforms two state-of-the-art multi-core model checkers, SPIN (presented at FMCAD 2006) and DiVinE, by a large margin, while placing fewer constraints on the load balancing and search algorithms.