To the Editor: The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emergency is highlighting the importance of occupational dermatology. It is known that in emergency medicine and disaster management, skin diseases may be frequent not only in victims, but also in rescuers. The current COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates that health-care workers (HCWs) are particularly affected by skin problems. Although not a severe disease, skin problems often have a significant impact on emergency management, as they are potentially able to reduce the effective workforce. HCWs caring for COVID-19 patients have to wear for many hours, on a daily basis, specific personal protective equipment (PPE) and are therefore susceptible to PPE-related adverse skin reactions. It has been reported that up to 97% of HCWs showed skin lesions related to the enhanced protection measures, mainly affecting the nasal bridge, cheek, forehead, and hands. The facial lesions are secondary not only to the prolonged use of N95 FFP3 masks, but mainly to goggles, which were implicated in most injuries. Hand hygiene with alcohol-based hand rubs is widely used as one of the most effective, simple, and low-cost procedures against COVID-19 cross-transmission. By denaturing proteins, alcohol inactivates enveloped viruses, including coronaviruses, and thus alcohol-based formulations with at least 60% ethanol have been proven effective for hand hygiene. Moreover, HCWs may perform frequent handwashing with water and soap more than 10 times per day. Because coronavirus was found to survive for several hours on used PPE, double gloving can reduce the risks of viral contamination during PPE removal and is therefore recommended. These procedures may lead to hand dermatitis with symptoms that can vary from quite mild to debilitating, including dryness, irritation, itching, and even fissuring and bleeding. The problem of hand dermatitis is very important for many aspects. First, hand dermatitis due to frequent washing may create a route of entry for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); indeed, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the receptor for the virus, is richly expressed in the skin on blood vessels, basal cells, hair follicles, eccrine glands. Second, dryness, skin irritation, and itching can be debilitating and cause absence from work and impair work productivity, with important consequences during the pandemic. Therefore, basic skin care measures should be taken after hand washing to address these aspects. To this end, several measures to avoid hand dermatitis, maceration, and erosion due to PPE and handwashing during the pandemic have been proposed. Although the application of hand cream/moisturizers on intact skin after hand washing is recommended, only 22.1% applied hand creams after washing. Education of HCWs regarding proper skin care management may be effective in preventing occupational skin disorders. For HCWs at risk of hand dermatitis to hygiene products, additional skin moisturizing may be needed. Hand lotions and creams often contain humectants, fats, and oils that increase skin hydration and replace altered or depleted skin lipids that contribute to the barrier function of the skin. No product, however, is free of potential risk, especially contact allergy. Hence, it is usually necessary to provide an alternative for use by individuals with sensitivity or reactions to the hand hygiene product available in the institution. Finally, to safeguard hygiene rules, disposable packaging is recommended.


It is important to know temporal and spatial change of environment to evaluate its status. Especially, vertical profile and temporal change of water quality are taking an important role on Tokyo Bay environment, since strong stratification and hypoxia in the bottom layer during summer are easily changed by wind driven mixing. However, it is not feasible to obtain a dense data for both vertical and temporal domains for wide area of the bay because of the cost. This research aimed to establish a cost-effective method for the monitoring of vertical profile of the hypoxia by a simple set of a thermistor chain and a dissolved oxygen (DO) sensor. The key factor of success of the method was based on similarity on vertical profile of temperature and DO.


The criminal law in China should change its attitude towards retroactivity and allows the scope or effect of a rule or a statute to extend to effective judgments.This means a person should be released where he/she is innocent under the new law even if he/she was sentenced provided that the sentence has not been completed.In cases where a felony become a misdemeanor under the new law,the sentence should be reduced so long as it has not been completed.In addition,as to retroactivity,"using leniency" should be construed as "most advantageous to the defendant." Where there may appear favorable conditions under the old and the new criminal laws respectively,the provisions in both the old and the new laws can be applied.Where a law is enacted between the perpetration of a crime and the judgment imposed on the perpetrator and where the punishment under the law is the lightest,the law should be applied.


A topological space is said to be resolvable if it is a union oftwo disjoint dense subsets. More generally it is called n-resolvable if it is a union of n pairwise disjoint dense subsets. In this paper, we characterize topological spaces such that their reflections (resp., compactifications) are n-resolvable (resp., exactly-n-resolvable, strongly-exactly-n-resolvable), for some particular cases of reflections and compactifications.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how certain characteristics of the university–industry–government collaboration facilitate knowledge creation and management, hence innovation focusing on particularities of the Brazilian scenario.

Design/methodology/approach
As a conceptual basis, there are correlations between theories of knowledge management and the Triple Helix, a model referenced to university–industry–government cooperation. The research was conducted through a multiple case study at two National Institutes of Science and Technology (INCTs in Portuguese).

Findings
The main results show the importance of participation in the INCT program, as it enables the creation of an organizational structure with the coordinator's leadership, who directs the flow of knowledge among organizations and stimulates innovation.

Originality/value
The choice of the topic is justified by the lack of studies on the identification and analyses of the main aspects of this type of collaboration in an integrated way.


This set of four papers, presented at the Conference: Children, Health and the Body, presents a range of considerations of issues in the study  of childhood. The day began with Alan Prout's paper; ...


The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationships among perceived motivational climate, individuals' goal orientations, and dispositional flow, with attention to possible gender differences. A sample of 413 young athletes, ages 12 to 16 years, completed the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2) and Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), as well as the Dispositional Flow Scale. Task orientation was positively and significantly related to a perceived task- involving motivational climate and to the disposition to experience flow in the sport. Ego orientation was positively and significantly associated with a perceived ego-involving motivational climate and with dispositional flow. The perceptions of task-involving and ego-involving motivational climates were positively and significantly linked to general dispositional flow. Multiple regression analysis indicated that both task and ego goal orientations and perceived task- and ego-oriented climates predicted dispositional flow. Males displayed a stronger ego orientation, and were more likely to report that they participated in an ego-oriented climate, than did females. To the contrary, the females were more likely to perceive a task-oriented climate than did the males. No meaningful differences were found between males and females in general dispositional flow. El objetivo de esta investigación era examinar las relaciones entre el clima motivacional percibido, las orientaciones de meta y la disposición al "flow" de los individuos, atendiendo las posibles diferencias de género. Una muestra de 413 atletas jóvenes, de edades entre 12 y 16 años, completaron el Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2) y el Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), además de la Dispositional Flow Scale. La orientación a la tarea tenía una relación positiva y significativa con el clima motivacional implicante a la tarea percibido y con la disposición a experimentar el "flow" en el deporte. La orientación al ego tenía una relación positiva y significativa con el clima motivacional implicante al ego percibido y con el flow disposicional. Las percepciones de climas motivacionales implicantes a la tarea y al ego tenían una relación positiva y significativa con el flow general disposicional. El análisis de regresión múltiple indicaba que tanto las orientaciones de meta a la tarea y al ego y los climas percibidos orientados a la tarea y al ego predecían el flow disposicional. Los varones mostraron una orientación al ego más fuerte y era más probable que dijeran que participaban en un clima orientado al ego que las mujeres. En contraste, era más probable que las mujeres percibieran un clima orientado a la tarea que los varones. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre varones y mujeres en el flow disposicional general.


Abstract Reflective journal facilitates teachers to reflect on their teaching and then generate feedback for the improvement of their classroom practices. This study examined how in-service English teachers in a MA Linguistics program at a US Mid-Western University perceived the influence of reflective journals toward their teaching attitudes. At the time of the research, participants were 25 years of age or older. The findings generated from interviews indicated that most participants were convinced that reflective journals help them become reflective teachers. It also found that most in-service teachers regard reflective journals as an effective tool to increase teaching awareness, and thus improve their performance during teaching.


The heterostructures of BiPO4/Ag3PO4 were synthesized using a hydrothermal method with starting materials of Bi5O(OH)9(NO3)4, AgNO3 and Na2HPO4.12H2O at pH 1 under heating of 180°C for 12 h. The products were characterized using XRD, DRS and BET specific surface area. The photocatalytic activities were determined through the phenol decomposition under UV light (λ=390 nm) and blue light (λ=445 nm) irradiation. The heterostructures of BiPO4/Ag3PO4 with the body-centered cubic structure of Ag3PO4 and monoclinic of BiPO4 were successfully synthesized. The photocatalytic activity of BiPO4 under UV light irradiation could be enhanced by designing of BiPO4/Ag3PO4 heterostructure with the molar ratio of 0.75/0.25.


An approach is explained for determining the three optical per-formance functions: The edge spread function, ES, the line spread function, LS, and the transfer function pair, MTF and PTF, from an edge trace, ET, obtained by photometric measurements at 2n + 1 points at equal intervals through the range, L, of the ET. The explanation is theoretical, but with as much consideration of the needs of the practical engineer as possible. Smoothing and normalization procedures are an integral part of this method, based on a rigid control by the method of least squares. The mean-square errors, MSE, of all individual results will be obtained. The MSE of a critical magnitude instead of Shannon's sampling theorem is used to determine the necessary and justifiable number of terms of the series applied in this case, the only assumption being the validity of the error propagation law. It will thus be possible to check the reliability or scope of applicability of the sampling theorem within this context, which differs from and goes beyond known methods.


A hand protector for a glass door is provided to protect a finger in holding in the glass door by mounting an elastic member between a fixing frame and an elastic frame, and to extend the life span of the hand protection without wrong operation by firmly combining the fixing frame with the elastic frame with stoppers. A hand protector(A) for a glass door is formed by sliding and assembling an elastic frame(2) inside a fixing frame(1), and an elastic member(3) is mounted in the middle of the fixing frame. Sliding groove parts(12) are formed at both sides of the fixing frame, and a stopper(11) is formed at an end of the sliding groove part. An insertion groove(22) is formed in the elastic frame to insert the elastic member, and an inverse L-shaped stopper(21) is protruded at an outer end of the insertion groove. A fitting groove is formed in the middle of the elastic frame to insert mohair, and the stopper of the elastic frame is combined with the sliding groove part of the fixing frame. A leaf spring(31) is formed in the elastic member, and an elastic part(310) of the leaf spring is arranged for the elastic frame.


On the basis of MOA's characteristics of AC voltage vs resistive current the influence of voltage harmonics on resistive component in leakage current is analyzed. Simulation results show that the influence of voltage harmonic component on MOA's resistive component in leakage current is obvious, when the content of voltage harmonics are same, the influence of the phases of the harmonics on resistive current and its harmonic components is stronger and the influences of different orders of harmonics are different. The fundamental component in MOA's resistive current is slightly influenced by the voltage harmonics and the 3rd order of harmonics in MOA's resistive current is strongly influenced by voltage harmonics. These analysis results are verified by tests of high voltage valve elements.


My thesis is that 'rational' is an absolute concept like 'flat' and 'clean'. Absolute concepts are best defined as absences. In the case of flatness, the absence of bumps, curves, and irregularities. In the case of cleanliness, the absence of dirt. Rationality, then, is the absence of irrationalities such as bias, circularity, dogmatism, and inconsistency.


The author in this article states the setting condition of settlement joint, its width and the structure disposal. It emphasizes on the construction project of double wall form, cross form, over hanging form, simply supported form and combined form, which could be of some help to the design and construction of buildings.


The analysis of the low-temperature behavior of the low-dimensional heavy fermion compound ${\mathrm{Yb}}_{4}{\mathrm{As}}_{3}$ is presented. The renormalization of the spin gap due to the presence of a small amount of carriers is calculated. We also calculated the low-temperature (magneto)resistivity dependence. The analysis of the very low-temperature experimental data supports the disorder- or magnetic phase transition-driven very low-temperature upturns of the magnetic susceptibility and Sommerfeld coefficient of the specific heat.


In this paper we present a systematic technique for obtaining all the input sequences that are mapped by a given permutation either to themselves or to shifted versions of themselves (generically called permutation fixed points). Subsequently, we present a new class of permutations that nearly achieve the lower bound on the number of possible fixed points associated with a given permutation of prime length p.


A method is presented for determining the maximum entropy spectrum S(\omega) of a process under the constraint that its autocorrelation R(m) is known for every m in a set D of nonconsecutive integers. The method involves a simple steepest ascent technique that is based entirely on Levinson's algorithm.


This paper presents a methodology of estimating the inland incursion of tsunamis generated offshore by earthquakes by adapting prognostic equations of wind wave run-up to the earthquakes' long-period characteristics. Tsunami height is estimated from site-specific historical events. The methodology takes account the nearshore depths, backshore topography, tidal range, and tsunami approach direction. Two project applications are discussed; one involving site development planning for a coastal resort whereas the other involving tsunami evacuation zone assessment for a prospective seaport site.

Keywords: Tsunami, run-up, earthquake, planning, site development


Singlet fission is a multiple exciton generation process that splits a singlet exciton (S0S1) into a correlated triplet pair (T1T1), affording a route to overcome the long-standing Shockley–Queisser thermodynamic limit for solar energy conversion. A new theory, based on multiconfiguration-constrained density functional theory and functional mode analysis, has been developed to model intermolecular singlet fission in organic photovoltaics. Specifically, constrained density functional theory is first employed to construct molecular orbitals for the six spin configurations comprising T1T1, the diabatic product state. In a subsequent step, linear response time-dependent density functional theory is utilized to formulate the S0S1 diabatic reactant state. Functional mode analysis is then applied to a thermalized ensemble of diabatic energy gaps to ascertain the reaction coordinate for the S0S1 → T1T1 transition. If singlet fission is assumed to follow a direct route, its rate may be evaluated using a modified J...


The material point method can be regarded as a meshfree extension of the finite element method. This fact has two interesting consequences. On the one hand, this puts a vast literature at our disposal. On the other hand, many of this inheritance has been adopted without questioning it. A clear example of it is the use of the Voigt algebra, which introduces an artificial break point between the formulation of the continuum problem and its discretized counterpart. In the authors' opinion, the use of the Voigt rules leads to a cumbersome formulation where the physical sense of the operations is obscured since the well‐known algebra rules are lost. And with them, the intuition about how stresses and strains are related. To illustrate it, we will describe gently and meticulously the whole process to solve the nonlinear governing equations for isothermal finite strain elastodynamics, concluding with a compact set of expressions ready to be implemented effortless. In addition, the classic Newmark‐ β algorithm has been accommodated to the local maximum‐entropy material point method framework by means of an incremental formulation.


This work demonstrates an ultra-low power, software-defined wireless transceiver designed for IoT applications using an open-source 32-bit RISC-V core. The key driver behind this success is an optimized hardware/software partitioning of the receiver's digital signal processing operators. We benchmarked our architecture on an algorithm for the detection of FSK-modulated frames using a RISC-V compatible core and ARM Cortex-M series processors. We use only standard compilation tools and no assembly-level optimizations. Our results show that Bluetooth LE frames can be detected with an estimated peak core power consumption of 1.6 mW on a 28 nm FDSOI technology, and falling to less than 0.6 mW (on average) during symbol demodulation. This is achieved at nominal voltage. Compared to state of the art, our work offers a power efficient alternative to the design of dedicated baseband processors for ultra-low power software-defined radios with a low software complexity.


Backend systems for radio telescopes have tended to be designed specifically for the particular RF and IF frequencies and digitization bandwidth of the particular project. As analogue-to-digital conversion technology advances, it is becoming feasible and cost effective to develop receivers using wideband digitization with a common architecture. This project lead by the Oxford Experimental Radio Cosmology Group aims to design and develop a common receiver – down-conversion and digital backend – for a number of different telescopes. A down-conversion architecture using a single heterodyne step with IQ mixers and a baseband IF presents a common IF signal to the digitiser from a variety of RF signal sources. The Xilinx RF System-on-Chip device (RFSoC), which has RF ADCs integrated with and FPGA and processors, was selected as the platform for the backend. In this paper, the system architecture of the RFSoC-based digital backend, including the down-conversion circuit interfacing the existing electronics and RFSoC ADCs, will be described. We have performed a comprehensive performance characterization of the RFSoC ADCs, and the test results address concerns about the interleaved spurs, dynamic range, intermodulation distortion and long-term stability. We have successfully developed a real-sampling PFB-based spectrometer on the RFSoC platform and we are currently working on the IQ sampling PFB-based spectrometer. The latest test results for the IQ sampling spectrometer and the future development plan will be discussed in this paper. Applications of the common receiver system will include the CBASS-South telescope, the Goonhilly-3 29-m telescope, the Tulancingo 32-m telescope, and the Redshift Receiver on the Large Millimetre Telescope where the existing IF signal band is comparable to the RF band on the other systems.


As the Greek financial drama reaches its sorry denouement, another crisis looms for the European project – this time in Germany, beginning with a case now before Germany's Constitutional Court.


A simple proof of one probabilistic inequality is presented. Let P and Q be two given probability measures on a measurable space (/spl Xscr/, /spl Ascr/). We consider testing of hypotheses P and Q using one observation. For an arbitrary decision rule, let /spl alpha/ and /spl beta/ denote the two kinds of error probabilities. If both error probabilities have equal costs (or we want to minimize the maximum of them) then it is natural to investigate the minimal possible sum inf{/spl alpha/+/spl beta/} for the best decision rule.


Within the conglomerate of the Solund Devonian Basin, SW-Norway, boulders and pebbles of ultramafic origin account in places for up to 20 vol.-% of the clast population. They show a concentric build-up with green to grey coloured cores surrounded by mm to 10 cm thick zones of red to black shades. Based on textures, the following alteration sequence can be outlined: An early stage is represented by serpentinized peridotite showing a typical mesh texture, with veins of serpentine and Ni-rich hematite surrounding compartments of relic olivine (Fo90) and its Mg-depleted alteration product (clay ). In the more advanced ophicarbonate stage, cells are filled with calcite, quartz, and talc. In the most advanced stage, quartz, calcite, and hematite dominate and occur together with minor amounts of chromite, talc, and chlorite. The textural evolution is coupled with a decrease in wholerock Mg from 40 to 2 wt.-% and a Ca increase from 1 to 35 wt.-%. All clasts are characterized by low Na and K and high Cr (1000-4000 ppm) and Ni (500-3000 ppm). The chemistry and textures indicate that the described clasts evolved from peridotite due to extreme Mg-leaching, development of secondary porosity, and infill of carbonates. Mg removed from the clasts is in part consumed by replacement reactions in the vicinity of the clasts where Fe-minerals (almandine) are altered to Mg-minerals (talc). Calculated apparent Sr/Sr ratios of the clasts at 385 Ma (the inferred age of deposition and incipient clast alteration) range between 0.7124 and 0.7139 and are compatible with alteration by diagenetic basinal brines but rule out simple interaction with seawater. In basins where peridotite represents an important source rock the outlined process will influence the CO2 and Mg budget. Periodic precipitation of pyrite bands in anoxic marine sediments


The effect of external pressure on the magnetic properties was studied for the first time for heterospin crystals based on the Cu(II) complex with nitroxide [Cu(hfac)2NN-PzMe], which exhibits a spin-crossover-like phenomenon. An increase in the hydrostatic pressure to 0.14 GPa caused a significant shift of the magnetic anomaly temperature (from 150 K to 300 K). This complex actually functions as a highly sensitive external pressure sensor.


Objective To investigate the means which can prevent postoperative incision infection of elderly patients with obstructive colorectal cancer. Methods Sixty-seven cases of elderly patients with obstructive colorectal cancer adopting surgical treatment were divided into two groups, including experimental group with 37 cases and control group with 30 cases. Put self-made negative pressure drainage tube with side-hole into subcutaneous interspace of abdominal incision of experimental group alter operation, kept continuous negative pressure drainage 7-10 d and pull out the self-made subcutaneous negative pressure drainage tubes till drainage volume decreased obviously. The abdominal wall incisions of the control group were given conventional suture. Results Incision infection occurred in only one case (2.7%) and no incision dehiscence occurred in the experimental group, and incision healing time was (9.36 ± 2.18) d. Incision infection occurred in 7 cases (23.3%) in the control group, of which there were 3 cases (10.0%) of wound dehiscence, incision healing time was (12.25 ±4.06) d. Incision infection rate of the two groups had significant difference (χ2= 6.706,P < 0.05), incision dehiscence rate of the two groups had no significant difference (P 0.05), incision healing time of the two groups had significant difference (t = 6.676, P < 0.05). Conclusion Using the self-made subcutaneous negative pressure drainage tube and keeping it continuous negative pressure drainage after operation can be effective in preventing incision infection of elderly patients with obstructive colorectal cancer, and promote wound healing.

Key words:
Negative pressure drainage;  Obstructive colorectal cancer;  Incision infection;  Prevention


The inquisition research which was from 441 students of medium senior high vocational school shows that a great majority students' learning motive is explicit,but most of the motive is just the tool motive,and lacking of melting motive,learning attitudes,learning interest and learning methods are positive in the mainstream,but not optimistic.So,the teachers must demonstrate the English cultural charm,improve teaching models and methods,set up scientific courses system,determine the appropriate expectations,and strengthen guidance of learning methods.


countries. Within the Mahayana and Theravada traditions, these Buddha images would have been conventional aspects Tara and Prajfiaparamita in addition in the Mahayana. Smaller images appear to have been created for private shrines. But there is in neither of these vehicles extensive use of images for ritualistic or meditative purposes. Hence the abundance or lack oftexts, images and the like does not, ipsofacto, mean that Vajrayana practices were more prominent on the Buddhist scene in the Pala period. More likely is the abandonment of ritual utensils when monasteries were attacked and plundered and/or their having been transported in great numbers to other countries where the practices already existed. Lastly, the Western tendency to view Buddhist ritual images from an artistic standpoint, and to find it wanting for its failure to live up to what twentieth-century Western art circles consider excellent has the effect of reducing an image fashioned for the purposes of spiritual development to a mere artefact. This approach is particularly meaningless. Susan Huntington remarks: "An understanding of the chronological developments of Pala period sculpture alone is insufficient to explain the richness and complexity of the Pala artistic developments" (p. 96). But she approaches the problem from the supposition that it is possible to discern "artistic style", and locate it geographically. The evidence is archaeological rather than art historical: simply to have found a number of images at such and such a site is not proof that they were made there. Images found in great numbers are more likely to have been evidence of practices at that site requiring their use than an "atelier". Nothing exists beyond supposition to give any information regarding "workshops" or "ateliers". What information there is indicates that artists/craftsmen were sent for when shrines were being built and their services were required. There is no evidence that they existed in established centres, or that any of these — if indeed they did exist lasted for any length of time. Nor do Buddhist inscriptions give, except in rare instances, the maker's name. As Pala pieces show distinct characteristics of craft work, notably in metal, wood and ivory, it is much more valid to examine the craft technique than to talk of artistic development. The overworking of the surface ("every inch of the surface is embellished") of tenthand eleventhcentury images reflects, it seems, use of different materials and a different method of working: The black schist and cast bronze invite an ornate treatment, whereas sandstone used in an earlier period does not. Towards the end of Part I, Susan Huntington makes a more cogent argument for the importance of this exhibition: as the Pala period is essentially the last in Buddhist history in India, it has received short shrift from earlier Western scholars who regarded anything associated with late Buddhism as corrupt. The catalogue and exhibition go a long way to removing that misapprehension; and they provide the logical link between the traditions dying out in one country, re-rooting in others. The link, however, is religious, whether Buddhist or Hindu, or both. No other distinctively Pala influence is established.


Induction static heating installations are currently in considerable use in leading industries. The potential of the optimal control theory applied to the steady-state modes optimisation for induction static heaters is considered in this paper, taking into account the transfer stage. The general time-optimal problems statement is discussed from the standpoint of the optimal control theory. Particular optimal control problem formulations and methods to determine the control inputs which satisfy the technological constraints are also provided in this paper. Special optimal control techniques have been developed to solve such problems. The optimisation examples presented prove that optimal control methods can be effectively used for the optimisation of static induction heaters in the forging industry to obtain cost-effective, high quality results.


The mechanisms of the microbial degradation of crude oil are aerobic and anaerobic biodegradations.The degradation of crude oils in laboratories usually takes place in the presence of oxygen.Anaerobic biodegradation cannot be absolutely simulated in laboratories because of its slow degradation rate.The temperature is a main factor controlling the biodegradation.The laboratory biodegradation effect is the best under about 40℃.After the microbial degradation in laboratory,the crude oil samples have lower saturated hydrocarbon,and higher aromatic hydrocarbon,nonhydrocarbon and asphaltene.Asphaltene is not susceptible to biodegradation and its pyrolysis product and the Ruthenium ion catalyed oxidation product have important role in the oil-oil correlation and oil source correlation for the biodegraded oil.


By analyzing the present situation of mathematical modeling in primary school mathematics education, this paper clearly points out that the integration of mathematical modeling into primary school mathematics education is not only a clear requirement of new curriculum standard, but also a consensus view of primary school mathematics education reform. It also points out the integration road to promote the mathematics modeling thought in macroscopic angle based on the further discussion of the key strategies for the integration of mathematics modeling in primary school mathematics education reform.


The suitability of using the resistance strain gage technique to measure the coefficient of thermal contraction (alpha) of asphalt concrete has been investigated in the temperature range from 0 to -25 C. The technique consisted of using TYPE EA-06-20 CBW -120 gages bonded to the reference and test specimens, and connected to a Wheatstone quarter bridge. Forty-four asphalt concrete specimens selected from 22 pavement sections used in the Strategic Highway Research Program A-005 project were tested. The measured values of coefficients of thermal contraction of different asphalt concrete specimens varied from 1.33 to 2.97 x 10 (-5 power)/degrees C, and the corresponding standard deviations between gages on a specimen varied from 0.05 to 0.39 x 10 (-5 power)/degrees C. The values measured using the same system on aluminum alloy beams verified the accuracy of the measurements.


The F6ddration Internationale des Ing6nieurs Conciels (International Federation of Consulting Engineers, or FIDIC) form of contract for civil engineering work is the most used international standard form for civil engineering projects in Arab Middle Eastern countries. The first edition of the FIDIC conditions was published in 1957. Revised forms were introduced in 1969 and 1977 and the latest, the fourth edition, in 1987. According to some commentators, the third edition of the FIDIC forms was adopted in more than 30 percent of the civil engineering contracts carried out in the Middle East in the 1980s.' Undoubtedly, this percentage has increased under the current edition. For the purpose of public-works contracts the FIDIC form is the predominant standard in the majority of the Arab Middle Eastern countries. In Kuwait, the second edition, issued in 1969, is embodied in the Ministry of Public Works conditions.2 In Saudi Arabia, the public-works contract issued by the Council of Ministers Resolution Number 136 of February 1, 1988, is based on the FIDIC conditions.3 In Iraq, the FIDIC conditions were used as a model for public-works


Described is a 94 GHz diode detector circuit/antenna element which employs a 700 GHz fco GaAs Schottky diode fabricated with a fully planar, ion implantation process for high yield, uniformity, and repeatability. This was developed as a single "pixel" for a large focal plane array containing thousands of such elements fabricated on a number of large GaAs chips ("tiles"). Measured 94 GHz current sensitivity was 3–4 μA/μW with TSS of −50 dBm (BW=1MHz).


C-13 ZERO-PHASING SEISMIC DATA WITHOUT WELLS – REVISITED Summary 1 A new method is developed for estimating the seismic wavelet from seismic data acquired in offshore areas without wells. Our method is essentially an improvement of the one proposed by Foster et al (Geophysics 1997) which involved combining two independent methods in order to increase the reliability of the estimated wavelet. One important requirement of the proposed method is that the near field signatures generated by the air guns forming the source array are recorded during the survey so that the depths and the geometry of the air guns the


The IEEE's United States Activities Board reports that it is taking action on several fronts to implement its pension activities program. Highlights of these efforts include:


Introduction: Hypertension patients with uncontrolled blood pressure will experience some physical complaints. Controlled blood pressure will reduce physical complaints and improve comfort. Physical activity can help in making blood pressure controlled. However, due to limited time and access, many hypertensive patients rarely do some exercise. This study aimed to investigate the Isometric Handgrip Exercise's effect on blood pressure and comfort of hypertension patients.
Methods: The research design is a quasi-experimental pre and post-test with the control group. The population was hypertension patients who were members of the chronic program disease, had hypertension pre and grade 1, and no further complication or physical impairment. The sample used unpaired numerical analytical formulas, obtained by 25 patients for each group. The intervention of an Isometric Handgrip was conducted for ten days. In one day, there is one session with 4x3 minutes. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between isometric handgrip exercise with a decrease in blood pressure and increased patient comfort.
Conclusions: Isometric handgrip exercise can be an alternative activity for patients that influences helping to maintain stable blood pressure and reduce the physical discomfort


Text retrieval is the main means for people to obtain information from a huge text database. Current document retrieval methods do not consider the association between words and context, and cannot effectively retrieve information based on semantics. Aiming at the semantic feature extraction of text retrieval, this paper uses Bert, DeepCT and KNRM and its derivative model to improve the construction and feature extraction of similarity matrix, and proposes a text retrieval model based on DeepCT and Conv-KNRM. The goal is to give appropriate word weights to different keywords and improve the accuracy of text retrieval. In this paper, through experimental comparison, it is proved that this model improves the accuracy of text retrieval.


Objective: Ischemic stroke is a disease that occurs as a result of impaired perfusion of the brain and is the second most common cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. Biochemical marker studies for early diagnosis of stroke patients and predicting the prognosis of patients have been the focus of the attention of researchers. Our primary aim in this study was to examine the change in serum Allopregnanolone levels in patients with ischemic stroke who underwent mechanical thrombectomy.
Methods: Patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke and underwent mechanical thrombectomy in Samsun Training and Research Hospital Emergency Service between December 2020 and February 2021 were included in the study. Serum Allopregnanolone levels from blood samples were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) method.
Results: Twenty-two stroke patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy and 20 healthy volunteers were included in the study. The mean serum Allopregnanolone value at 0h was 56,439 (31.71-253.07), and the median serum Allopregnanolone value of the healthy control group was 51.219 (23.43-87.98), and no statistically significant difference was found (p=0.078). No significant difference existed between the patient group's 0th-hour, 12th-hour, and 5th-day Allopregnanolone levels (p=0.554). There was no significant relationship between the serum Allopregnanolone levels at the 0th hour, 12th hour, and 5th day of the patient group and the 3rd-month mRS scores (p=0.713, p=0.616, p=0.867, respectively).
Conclusion: Serum Allopregnanolone levels do not help diagnose, treat, and prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent mechanical thrombectomy. A clinical study with more patients should be updated with our findings.


A review of State Department of Education and school district websites was conducted to determine how policy related to the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) was communicated to teachers of students with severe disabilities. Four states were selected: California, New York, Illinois, and Pennsylvania. State Department of Education websites and three local school districts within each state were chosen for review using locale codes to ensure representation of city, suburban, and rural districts. A total of 16 websites were analyzed using an original instrument designed to capture information about CCSS implementation efforts. Results indicate that there is little information about students with severe disabilities or instructional/pedagogical guidance for teachers in regard to the CCSS on these sites. Thus, it may be difficult for teachers, based on this sample of websites, to translate standards into educational programming for students.


Laboratory based near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has demonstrated good predictive
capability for many important soil constituents. Less is known about the feasibility of performing the
spectroscopic measurements in a field setting. This paper presents some results of an initial field
test of a mobilized in-situ NIRS device. The results demonstrate good pass-to-pass repeatability and
meaningful qualitative images. Locally weighted principal component regression was used to
develop calibration models relating the reflectance data to levels of soil organic carbon, nitrogen,
moisture and pH. The calibrations were used to create constituent maps for a field in central Iowa
and compared to images derived from intensive sampling and laboratory analysis.


This article explores the notion of consent inthe trafficking paradigm and the conflation of voluntary sex work and sex trafficking in Malaysia. The article argues that because consent of a trafficked victim is irrelevant inthe context of international law, the authorities tend to conflate voluntary sex work with trafficked sex work. This obstructs a clear definition of trafficking and places women in precarious positions. The article also aims to evaluate the approaches in protecting victims through raids and rescue operations, shelter detention, andjudicial processes in the respective states in the country. The article will demonstrate that while women areuniquely positioned to be a part of the fight against sex trafficking through their access to information, their consent to be pa.rt of the process in tackling sex trafficking has been ignored, negated, and disregarded throughout the anti-trafficking regime. Such practices are seen as violating women' s fundamental rights and fosters distrust between trafficked women and the authorities. It also demonstrates the failure of the government in addressing human trafficking issues.


SUMMARY Modernisation is conceived as three intertwining processes in society, rationalisation, secularisation and individuation, that continuously shape new context-person relationships. This article focuses on how these processes produce continuous change in children's life-conditions in the Scandinavian welfare states. It is argued that scientific knowledge about early childhood fails because it abstracts children from the particular contexts in which they grow and develop. It is proposed that the notion of 'childhood' should be conceived as the particular life space of a child in a given society, a space that is defined by prevailing material, social and cultural conditions surrounding the child. As these conditions change, childhood also changes and as a consequence, the constraints and challenges that the child has to confront and accommodate become altered. In order to master their own lives, children will need to develop new and adaptive social competencies. Within this perspective, the relevance ...


This paper, part of a series of reports on studies of human behavior under very extreme stress that have been carried on for the last 25 years, describes general finding on panic behavior.

The characteristics of the behavior are discussed in detail, and contrasted with prevailing misconceptions.

Three covert features of the behavior are examined: its anticipatory nature, its focus on specific referent point, and the acute fear reaction involved.

Three overt features of the behavior are also looked at: its flight nature and accompanying non-social and non-rational aspects.

Some passing indications are also given of the absolute and relative frequency of panic behavior and the kinds of contextual and immediate conditions that facilitate its appearance.


For all 60 years of the existence of the University of Economics, Prague (UEP) was statistics one of the taught compulsory course, and here also took place the specialized studies of statistics, which predecessor was Statistical and Actuarial engineering at the University of Special Sciences (within the Czech Technical University). The article focuses on the 50´s, when at the UEP existed the independent Faculty of Statistics and when the lessons of statistics were difficulty exempted from the Stalinist dogmatism. Between the personalities is mentioned prof. Benedikt Korda (1914-2010), who was the most famous person in the first period of Faculty, (there will be mentioned his remarkable CV), prof. Lubomir Cyhelský (*1929), who was the head of the department in 1962-1990, and prof. Jiři Likes (1929-1994) as well, who was internationally acclaimed scientists in the theory of probability and mathematical statistics, whose name is used for one of the greatest lecture hall at the University. Since 1991 there exist at the Faculty of Informatics and Statistics the Department of Statistics and Probability (17 internal teachers and 13 internal PhD students), the Department of Economic Statistics (6 + 3) and the Department of Demography (6 + 4).


Erythroderma is a chronic condition presenting with generalized erythema occupying over 90% of the body surface. The causes of secondary erythroderma are various, such as eczema, contact dermatitis, psoriasis, pityriasis rubra pilaris, pemphigus foliaceus, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and drug eruption; however, erythroderma induced by tinea corporis is rare. We herein describe a rare case of erythroderma induced by dermatophytes.


Financial crime in Nigeria – including money laundering – is ravaging Nigeria's economic growth. In the past few years, the Nigerian government has made efforts to tackle money laundering by enacti...


Social workers encounter families in almost every aspect of their practice, whatever the
context and whatever the service user group. The family is the focus of health and social
policy strategy across a range of central and local government and health service provision,including criminal justice,mental health, community care, youth offending, fostering and adoption, education and primary health care.


Objective: To determine whether ultrasound-guided needling in addition to high-energy extracorporeal shock-wave therapy (ESWT) is more effective than ESWT alone in treating chronic symptomatic calcific tendonitis of the supraspinatus. Design: Computer randomized controlled trial, with clinical and radiologic outcomes assessed by an orthopedic surgeon not involved in patient selection or treatment. Setting: An orthopedic hospital in Vienna, Austria, during the period September 2002 to November 2003. Participants: Consecutive patients with unilateral symptomatic calcific tendonitis of the supraspinatus who were anticipating arthroscopic removal of the calcific deposit within 6 months were included if they had symptoms for Z12 months; had unsuccessful conservative treatment within the previous 6 months and Z3 previous conservative treatments; and radiographic evidence of calcific deposits with a diameter of Z10mm. Radiographs were assessed using the classification of Gartner and Simons: Morphologic deposits of types I and II (sharply outlined and/or densely structured) were included, but type III deposits (cloudy and transparent in structure) were not. Exclusion criteria were local osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, rotator cuff tears, radiologic signs of spontaneous resorption of the deposit, acute bursitis, instability, traumatic damage, or previous surgery to the shoulder, and neurologic dysfunction. The 80 patients (51% women) had a mean age of 48 years (range, 32 to 67) and mean duration of symptoms of 33 months (range, 12 to 96). Intervention: All patients had 1 inhospital treatment session. Patients assigned to needling had the deposits in the rotator cuff identified by an ultrasound linear scanner. Repeated puncture of the deposit with an 18-G needle was done under local anesthesia (10-mL lidocaine hydrochloride 1%), using specific criteria to verify the position of the needle. Shock waves were then applied to the anterior aspect of the shoulder centered on the calcific deposit using an electromagnetic shock-wave generator (Dornier Epos Flouro, Wessling, Germany). The dose was 200 impulses at a low energy level followed by 2500 impulses of an energy flux density of 0.36mJ/mm. After treatment ice packs were applied for 24 hours. Patients assigned to shock wave alone had the same ESWT procedure, preceded by the same local anesthetic delivered into the subacromial space by means of a 21-G needle. Main Outcome Measures: The main outcome measure was improvement in the Constant shoulder score, which includes scales for pain, activities of daily living, range of motion, and strength. Elimination of the calcific deposit was assessed radiographically. Patients reported pain during ESWT on a 10-point visual analog scale. All the patients were reassessed (mean follow-up, 4.1mo). Main Results: Constant scores improved in 67.5% of patients, remained unchanged in 32.5% of patients, and did not worsen in any patient. The proportion of improved shoulders did not differ between the treatments. When strength component scores were excluded, more patients who had the needling treatment had a normal and pain-free range of motion than those who had ESWT alone (62.5% vs 32.5%; P=0.21). Elimination of calcific deposits was more frequent in the needling group (24/40 patients, 60% vs 13/40 patients, 32.5%; P=0.024). The groups did not differ in change in morphology or size of the calcific deposits. All patients who had elimination of the deposits had improvements in Constant scores. Fewer patients in the needling group had subsequent surgery (20% vs 45%; P=0.031). Pain reported during ESWT was less severe in the needling group (mean, 5.8 vs 8.3 points; P<0.001). Hematomas, small petechial hemorrhages, and local swelling resolved without treatment within 10 days. Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided needling preceding high-energy ESWT was more effective in producing pain-free normal range of motion in patients with calcific tendonitis of the supraspinatus than shock-wave therapy alone. The combined therapy also reduced the need for subsequent arthroscopic surgery more than ESWT alone.


The article presents an overview of information flows within the epizootological monitoring of tick-borne diseases in animals. Epizootological monitoring is the system of data collection on the spread of pathogens and animal disease outbreaks, following statistical processing and analysis of the effectiveness of veterinary control as well as for the evaluation and forecast of the epizootic status of particular territories. It is necessary to concentrate information flows and track operative data exchange in real-time management and to coordinate actions between various Departments for effective risk-based tick-borne disease epizootological monitoring to decrease or eliminate negative consequences of illness breakouts with an account of up-to-date evaluation methods, risk management, and audition. An important aspect is the creation of specialized epizootological databases together with integration with geoinformation systems.


Pathological examinations, using a panel of tau and other antibodies, were performed on the brains from 55 consecutively acquired cases of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Clinically, these comprised 31 cases of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), 10 cases of motor neurone disease inclusion dementia (MNDID), seven cases of progressive aphasia (PA), four cases of semantic dementia (SD) and three cases of progressive apraxia (PAX). Tau pathology, in the form of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and glial cell tangles, was present in six cases of FTD with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17, five of these cases resulting from +16 splice‐site mutation and one from +13 mutation in the tau gene. The insoluble tau proteins were comprised mostly of four‐repeat (4‐R) isoforms. Eight other cases of FTD, one of PA and all three cases of PAX showed tau‐positive inclusions (Pick bodies) and swollen cells (Pick cells), characteristic of Pick's disease. In these cases, the insoluble tau proteins were present in most instances as three‐repeat (3‐R) tau isoforms, although two cases with a mixture of 3‐R and 4‐R isoforms were seen. One other case of FTD showed an unusual pathology characterized by massive extracellular deposition of tau protein, composed of 4‐R tau isoforms, within white matter without neuronal or glial cell inclusions. However, 33 (60%) of 55 FTLD cases showed no tau pathology in the brain, except for the rare NFTs, composed of a mix of 3‐R and 4‐R isoforms, in some of the more elderly cases. Of these 33 cases, 13 had FTD, 10 had MNDID, six had PA and four had SD. The pathological changes present were those of a superficial cortical laminar microvacuolation with mild subpial and subcortical gliosis; the 10 MNDID cases had ubiquitin‐positive inclusions in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. These 33 nontau FTLD cases, along with five Alzheimer's disease (AD) and six Huntington's disease (HD) cases with severe pathology, showed a variable loss of soluble tau proteins, broadly comparable with the extent of neuronal loss from the cortex and loss of the intracortical perikaryal marker, NeuN, but unrelated to proteins within afferent projection fibres such as neurofilament and α‐synuclein. Levels of tau mRNA were decreased in parallel in the tau‐negative FTLD cases and in the severe AD and HD cases. Hence, the loss of tau from these 33 nontau FTLD cases is just one aspect of a neurodegenerative process that destroys many components of the nerve cell machinery and does not represent a specific disordering of the cell's ability to form tau proteins or incorporate these into microtubules.


An arrangement of a network element, which routes communication traffic among different types of communication networks, includes a central processing unit configured to perform routing operations on the basis of a communication protocol, which forms a stack. Also, the arrangement of the network element includes devices configured to handle signal processing related issues and communicating with the central processing unit. The communication protocol stack is divided into a first stack situated in the central processing unit, which performs the routing operations of protocols in the first stack, and into a second stack, each device that handles signal processing related issues performing the operations of protocols in the second stack.


By coupling microwave activation and PTC conditions, substantial improvements in numerous organic reactions are described under simple and safe conditions. Generally, better yields are obtained under faster and cleaner reactions when compared to those from conventional heating. Very often, solvent can be avoided during the reaction when the electrophile is a liquid and can therefore act both as a reagent and the organic phase, leading to efficient green chemistry procedures.


We present an analysis of the extended mid-infrared (MIR) emission of the Great Observatories All-Sky LIRG Survey sample based on 5–15 μm low-resolution spectra obtained with the Infrared Spectrograph on Spitzer. We calculate the fraction of extended emission (FEE) as a function of wavelength for the galaxies in the sample, FEEλ, defined as the fraction of the emission which originates outside of the unresolved component of a source at a given distance. We find that the FEEλ varies from one galaxy to another, but we can identify three general types of FEEλ: one where FEEλ is constant, one where features due to emission lines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons appear more extended than the continuum, and a third which is characteristic of sources with deep silicate absorption at 9.7 μm. More than 30% of the galaxies have a median FEEλ larger than 0.5, implying that at least half of their MIR emission is extended. Luminous Infrared Galaxies (LIRGs) display a wide range of FEE in their warm dust continuum (0 ≲  FEE13.2 μm ≲  0.85). The large values of FEE13.2 μm that we find in many LIRGs suggest that the extended component of their MIR continuum emission originates in scales up to 10 kpc and may contribute as much as the nuclear region to their total MIR luminosity. The mean size of the LIRG cores at 13.2 μm is 2.6 kpc. However, once the IR luminosity of the systems reaches the threshold of LIR ∼  1011.8 L☉, slightly below the regime of Ultra-luminous Infrared Galaxies (ULIRGs), all sources become clearly more compact, with FEE13.2 μm ≲  0.2, and their cores are unresolved. Our estimated upper limit for the core size of ULIRGs is less than 1.5 kpc. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that the compactness of systems with LIR ≳  1011.25 L☉ strongly increases in those classified as mergers in their final stage of interaction. The FEE13.2 μm is also related to the contribution of an active galactic nucleus (AGN) to the MIR emission. Galaxies which are more AGN dominated are less extended, independently of their LIR. We finally find that the extent of the MIR continuum emission is correlated with the far-IR IRAS log(f60 μm/f100 μm) color. This enables us to place a lower limit to the area in a galaxy from where the cold dust emission may originate, a prediction which can be tested soon with the Herschel Space Telescope.


An improved scheme for integrity protection of binary images representing text documents based on the topologies of these images is proposed. The image skeleton and the inverse skeleton are found through thinning and the skeleton signature is combined with watermark information. The result is encrypted asymmetrically and hidden in embeddable locations of the image. A series of attack experiments are conducted to demonstrate that the approach is capable of detecting tampering. Even single malicious pixel modifications are detected. The approach has a lower computation cost than previous methods.


We would like to express our deep gratitude to Dr. Sami Ibrahim Suwailem for long discussions we had and his fruitful suggestions and our thanks to the IDB for the financial support.I. INTRODUCTIONIslamic finance is experiencing a significant development in the world. It occupies an increasing importance with more than 500 Islamic financial institutions (Baker, 2014). It represented approximately 1% of the total world assets on 2014 (Naveed, 2014). The Islamic financial assets reached around US $2.1 trillion in 2014 (Al Huda Centre of Islamic Banking and Economics (CIBE)).According to Ernst and Young, Islamic Banking has been growing faster than banking assets as a whole, growing at an annual rate of 17.6% between 2009 and 2013, and will grow by an average of 19.7% a year to 2018 (World Islamic Banking Competitiveness Report, 2014), depending on the sector of activity, which is higher than the traditional financial activities.With the advent of the financial derivatives markets in the 1970s, risk management was promoted as the use of derivatives to hedge market risk exposures. Derivatives, the most common hedging financial risk products have known exponential use. Derivatives did not help to stabilize the markets and mitigate the financial crisis. This is not difficult to explain since derivatives are the main instruments of speculation. More than 97% of derivatives are used for speculation, while less than 3% are used for hedging (Suwailem, 2006).Until the present stage of its development, Islamic Financial institutions have been without the ability to profit from falling markets or even to protect stock market investments from downward trends. It is widely acknowledged in Shariah finance circles that the conventional methods for hedging, and the short sale in particular, are simply considered contrary to Shariah principles and precepts. However, for the past several years scholars and experts have indicated a growing consensus that allow, at least in theory, to use classical transactional models like Bai Arboun to provide investment managers with effective tools for hedging and managing risk, including the ability to take profit when the price of shares declines (Shaykh and Talal, 2008).Islamic Financial institutions have to manage a number of pressing risks by enhancing the development and implementation of innovative instruments and formulation of creative solutions to issues in finance using Islamic financial engineering.Bai Al Arboun is an alternative transaction, which replicates the economic results of a conventional Call Option. It refers to a sale in which an amount is given by the buyer to the seller with the understanding that this amount becomes a part of the price in case the sale is approved, but it will be up to the seller in case the buyer is unable to fulfill its original agreement.Bai Al Arboun has the effect of generating a net economic benefit arising from a fall in the price of the shares in the way that the seller takes an earnest money deposit from the buyer with the understanding that the deposit will be credited toward the price if the sale is concluded, and forfeited if it is not.This Paper outlines the development of Bai Al Arboun as a practical solution providing investment managers with an effective way to benefit from stock market investments regardless of market trends.After having explored the possibility of modeling Bai Al Arboun using the Black and Scholes (1973) model for pricing the deposit amount (Omrana and Aboulaich, 2013), we propose in this paper, the modeling of Bai Al Arboun using the Binomial Model, widely used for pricing options, and adapting it on the basis of the Shariah rules to price Bai Al Arboun deposit.The paper is organized as follows. The first three sections introduce briefly Bai Al Arboun, conditions of Shariah compliance, and terms of validity of Bai Al Arboun. Section VI highlights the similitude and differences between Bai Al Arboun and call options. …


In order to monitor ozone and nitrous oxide pollutants in residential space, artificial intelligence algorithm is integrated on the basis of traditional monitoring mode. Through the comparison of system detection accuracy and early warning sensitivity of different detection methods, it can be seen that the application of artificial intelligence detection system can improve the monitoring performance of ozone and realize the timeliness of large-scale monitoring coverage and data update. The accuracy and sensitivity of system detection under the two detection methods are analyzed, and the main harm caused by ozone pollution is analyzed. The significance of monitoring ozone pollution in ambient air is emphasized. The air index of high-density residential space using intelligent big data detection method is obviously superior to previous detection methods in terms of timeliness, accuracy, and early warning sensitivity of the system. It also provides an important data reference for the real-time monitoring and early warning of ozone + nitrogen oxides in high-density residential space, and also makes an important contribution to reducing the impact on residents' health and living environment.


The ergodic capacity and optimal power allocation policy of broadband MIMO-OFDM systems in wireless fading channels is derived based on the system model.Then,the upper bound of capacity and its gain over single antenna OFDM are calculated for the slow fading channel with equal-power policy.The results indicate that the channel capacity of MIMO-OFDM system grows with the number of antennas and average received signal noise ratio(SNR),which are significant parameters determining the capacity;the impact of the time delay spread on capacity is negligible;the maximal channel capacity of MIMO-OFDM in slow fading channel can be achieved by two-dimensional space- frequency water-filling policy,and it can be approached by the scheme allocating equal-power for each sub-channel when the received SNR is enough high.


To gain practice-based insights, we evaluated outcomes from a science-themed Minecraft Club for children with Special Educational Needs over a four-year period. Science topics were introduced, followed by themed building in Minecraft in a multi-player setting. Particular focus was placed on the benefits of playing a shared-interest game in a social and educational context.Mixed-methods interviews and surveys were used to gather feedback from children attending the club and their accompanying caregivers. Inferential statistics assessed the influence of individual differences and club attendance time on responses.Children consistently enjoyed attending the club and most felt that they had developed their scientific knowledge. Social-communication skills and confidence were also positively impacted, as reported by both children and caregivers. The accepting and inclusive nature of the club was of high value.Sample sizes and data collection methods were necessarily restricted and mainly qualitative due to the purpose of the club and the nature of the attending cohort. However, valuable insights were gained from respondents.Both children and caregivers communicated that Minecraft Club succeeds in providing a context through which children can develop social and communication skills, build confidence, make new friends, and learn about science. These insights have important implications concerning the potential social and educational benefits of Minecraft for children with Special Educational Needs, and the value of extra-curricular clubs that provide safe and supportive spaces for children to thrive.


113 Background: Preoperative radiotherapy (PreopRT) in locally advanced breast cancer patients (LABC) has been rarely reported. The purpose of this study was to determine if pathological response to PreopRT could have prognostic value on locoregional control and survival.

METHODS
From 1970 to 1984, 203 LABC patients were treated by PreopRT, delivering 45Gy in 25 fractions to the breast, supraclavicular fossa, axilla and ipsilateral internal mammary chain. After a median interval of 38 days (range: 5-121 days), radical mastectomy and axillary dissection was performed independently of radiation response. Chemotherapy or endocrine therapy was prescribed according to physician discretion in 28% and 11% of patients, respectively. Premenopausal patients underwent ovarian ablation. Median follow-up was 26 years. Locoregional control (LRC), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, the comparison of survival between groups was performed using the log-rank test, multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox model.

RESULTS
Thirty-three patients (16.2%) had a pathologic complete response (pCR) in the breast. The 10- and 20-year Kaplan-Meier LC were 90% (95% confidence interval CI: 85-94%) and 84% (95% CI: 77-89%), respectively. The 10 and 20-years DFS were 49% (CI: 42-55%) and 35% (CI: 29-42%), and the 10 and 20-years OS, 56% (CI: 49-63%) and 41% (CI: 35-48%), in that order. Patients with pCR tended to have better DFS (p=0.06) and OS (p=0.07) when compared to patients with partial response or stable/progressive disease. Having a pCR did not significantly influenced LRC (p=0.44). Multivariate analysis showed that a lower number of positive nodes on axillary dissection and younger age were associated with better DFS (p<0.0001 and p=0.02) and OS (p<0.0001 and p=0.007).

CONCLUSIONS
LCR achieved by PreopRT followed by radical mastectomy in LABC was excellent in this study, despite few patients having adjuvant systemic therapy. Complete pathologic response defined a subgroup of women with a trend toward better DFS and OS. Older patients and those with a higher number of involved axillary nodes had a worse prognosis.


This paper presents a new approach called energy marginal analysis to improve the current optimization algorithms of storage plants energy usage in probabilistic production cost models. The proposed algorithm determines the optimal reservoir utilization levels for multiple storage plants under given charging and discharging orders. This algorithm is applied when the optimal reservoir utilization of an storage plant is limiting the reservoir utilization of the following plants in the loading or offloading order. The combinatorial nature of storage plants loading order problem is discussed and several criteria to obtain an initial loading order are examined. Counterexamples show that none of the initial loading orders proposed and analyzed gives the global economic optimum.


Performance improvements in graphics hardware and the diffusion of the low cost haptic interfaces have made it possible to visualize complex virtual environments and provided opportunities to interact with these in a more realistic way. In this paper a Virtual Reality application of a game of billiards is presented. By means of a commercial haptic interface a force feedback is provided, thus rendering the interaction realistic and exciting to the user; the introduction of the force feedback allows the user to actually feel the contact between cue and ball. The virtual environment has been built using the development environment XVR and rigid body dynamics have been simulated utilizing the ODE library. Since in the real game it is possible to use the left hand when aiming and striking the ball, in the play modality it is possible to fix the cue movement in the desired direction in order to allow a more careful aim and a more stable interaction in the virtual environment. In addition it is possible to choose the force with which the ball is hit.


Kimmeridgian and Lower Tithonian molluscan faunas recently discovered in Manning Provincial Park, southwestern British Columbia, contain a mixture of Boreal [Buchia concentrica], intermediate [Ochetoceras (Suboxydiscites) manningense subgen. nov., sp. nov.], and Tethyan/East Pacific species [ Discosphinctoidesi?) aff. D. neohispanicum (Burckhardt), Lithacocerasi?) sp., L.(?) (Subplanites?) sp., Physodoceras sp., Phylloceras cf. P. mazenoti Holy]. This association results from a mixing of Boreal and southern faunas with a broad range of overlap along the west coast of North America.


Prothrombin (FII) deficiency is a rare congenital bleeding disorder. We have identified 8 children (7 families) with this condition, accounting for 6% of the congenital coagulation disorders (excluding VWD), followed at the Puerto Rico Pediatric Hemophilia Treatment Center.


Man being at the peak of the creation is the only animal that does not have to begin from a new step in every generation but can take advantage of the knowledge which has been accumulated with in the countries. The importance of review of related literature or related studies can not be denied in any research. Such literature provides the researcher with the footprints of earlier travelers gone ahead on the same route; they save her from the pitfalls and help her in removing the hindrances, which are likely to come in her way. Related literature works as a guide-post not only with regard to quantum of work done in the field, but also enables us to perceive the gap and lacuna in the concerned field of research.


This document describes lambda expressions, reflecting the specification that was agreed upon within the evolution working group of the C++ standards committee in the 2007 Kona meeting. The document is a revision of N2487 [JFC07b], N2413 [JFC07a], and N2329 [JFC07c]. N2329 was a major revision of the document N1968 [WJG06], and draw also from the document N1958 [Sam06] by Samko. The differences to N2487 are:


The Integral Scorecard is one of the most widely disseminated control tools for its great flexibility to adapt to different contexts, which makes it possible for it to be applied in Reverse Logistics. In this sense, the present investigation is carried out in the Marketing and Distribution Company of Medicines of Holguin with the objective of developing the Reverse Logistics Integral Scorecard. A procedure for the development of the Reverse Logistics Integral Control Panel is proposed and as a result of its application the strategic map was obtained, the design of the Integral Control Panel based on the environmental, client, training and growth perspectives, internal processes and financial; and from this, the reverse logistics effectiveness index, which showed substantial deficiencies and for whose solution an action plan was proposed.


In an ideal world, scientific applications are computationally efficient, maintainable and composable and allow scientists to work very productively. We argue that these goals are achievable for a specific application field by choosing suitable domain-specific abstractions that encapsulate domain knowledge with a high degree of expressiveness. This thesis demonstrates the design and composition of domain-specific abstractions by abstracting the stages a scientist goes through in formulating a problem of numerically solving a partial differential equation. Domain knowledge is used to transform this problem into a different, lower level representation and decompose it into parts which can be solved using existing tools. A system for the portable solution of partial differential equations using the finite element method on unstructured meshes is formulated, in which contributions from different scientific communities are composed to solve sophisticated problems. The concrete implementations of these domain-specific abstractions are Firedrake and PyOP2. Firedrake allows scientists to describe variational forms and discretisations for linear and non-linear finite element problems symbolically, in a notation very close to their mathematical models. PyOP2 abstracts the performance-portable parallel execution of local computations over the mesh on a range of hardware architectures, targeting multi-core CPUs, GPUs and accelerators. Thereby, a separation of concerns is achieved, in which Firedrake encapsulates domain knowledge about the finite element method separately from its efficient parallel execution in PyOP2, which in turn is completely agnostic to the higher abstraction layer.


High quality GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs/In0.5Ga0.5P single heterostructure electroluminescent devices have been fabricated by liquid‐phase epitaxy. Three different compositions (x=0.45, 0.58, and 0.85) of AlxGa1−xAs layers were made to compare their properties. Diodes fabricated from these heterostructures have been characterized by electron beam induced current, electroluminescence, quantum efficiency, output power, and current‐voltage measurements. Emission peak wavelengths and full width at half maximum values of the light emitting diodes are, respectively, 652.5, 654.4, and 652.8 nm, and 67, 67, and 75 meV. The peak wavelengths of the light emitting diode shift 6 meV towards the lower‐energy side compared to the photoluminescent peak wavelength of the same electron concentration in the Te‐doped In0.5Ga0.5P layer. For most light emitting diodes, output powers and efficiency are in the range of 50–100 μW and 0.062%–0.1%, respectively.


In this paper we propose some practical techniques from statistical perspective in which we(combine) some basic concepts in statistics and some knowledge from Rough Set Theory,such as compressing(attribute) items based on the importance,on the dependency,on the generalized linear analysis and on the multi-correlation analysis.Each of them are carefully compared in theoretical way and performed on different data in practical way.


Mouse mammary carcinoma E 0771 of C57BL/6 origin, known to yield XYZ factors, was inoculated into 30 C57BN/cd as well as 30 BALB/c mice. Eight to 15 days later these animals, as well as an additional 30 C57BR/cd and 76 BALB/c mice, received an injection of viable E 0771 tumor cells. No significant difference in tumor development was noted when animals receiving only a single injection of E 0771 tumor cells were compared to mice receiving a double inoculation of the same tumor.

Similarly, the prior inoculation of fresh Brown-Pearce rabbit epithelioma cells failed to alter the malignant process in recipient hosts receiving a second implant of the same tumor administered at a different site 14–21 days later. This was made known in a series of experiments utilizing 78 rabbits of mixed breeds. Of these animals, 40 served as recipients of a double inoculum of viable Brown-Pearce tumor cells, while the remainder received only a single injection and served as controls. These results are in sharp contrast to the XYZ phenomenon observed when frozen Brown-Pearce tumor tissue is given prior to challenge transplantation with fresh homologous tumor tissue.

Thus, for these two mammalian tumors, the E 0771 mammary carcinoma of mice and the Brown-Pearce epithelioma of rabbits, the inoculation of test animals with fresh viable cancerous tissue, followed by a second implantation of the same tumor, does not alter significantly the malignant process in the recipient hosts, although potent XYZ factors are known to be demonstrable when these tumors are subjected to prolonged frozen storage, lyophilization, or centrifugation.

That this phenomenon may be applicable to other experimental neoplasms is made apparent when the data of Jobling and Flexner concerning a rat carcinoma and the data of Rous and Murphy based on experiments with a fowl tumor are reviewed. Although the prior injection of heated rat carcinoma cells resulted in an enhancement of a subsequent transplant of tumor cells, the prior injection of fresh unheated tumor cells did not significantly alter the progress of a subsequent transplant with homologous cancer tissue. Similarly, although the Rous fowl sarcoma appears capable of exhibiting the XYZ phenomenon when supernatant fluid derived from the tumor is utilized, no enhancement of tumor transplant growth occurred when an injection of viable Rous tumor cells preceded challenge with the same tumor tissue.


An extensive study was carried out in the geese rearing areas of Kashmir Valley to record the morphometric parameters which included external body measurements and visceral measurements of local geese. Among the external body measurements, body weight, bill dimensions, knob diameter, neck dimensions, length from tip of bill to tail tip and wing span was significantly more in males than females. Among the visceral measurements, only jejunum length showed a significant difference between the sexes. In females, the mean oviduct length was 38.5±8.5 cm and the mean weight of ovaries was 12.51±2.225 g. In males, left testicle was found significantly larger than the right one in terms of length and breadth but the weight of left and right testicle did not vary significantly.


The invention provides a tide deduction sandbox simulation system. The system comprises a deduction strategy formulation module, a deduction execution module, a quick element operation auxiliary module, a mode evaluation module, a misconvergence automatic analysis module, a power grid sandbox display module, a data acquisition module and an automatic sandbox establishing module, wherein the deduction execution module is respectively connected with the deduction strategy formulation module, the quick element operation auxiliary module, the misconvergence automatic analysis module and the mode evaluation module; and the mode evaluation module is sequentially connected with the power grid sandbox display module, the automatic sandbox establishing module and the data acquisition module. The system helps and guides an operation dispatcher to adjust a tide mode and is tightly interacted with an operator, the operating suggestion is given, the system change is intuitive and visual, the adjustment process can be automated, and the tide adjustment efficiency in the process of calculating an operation mode is greatly improved.


The present invention is a polarizing film, and a display apparatus comprising a polarizing plate and it comprising a protective film provided on both sides of the polarizing film.


In some of the specifications issued by AWS,welding materials suffixed with "G" in their designations are included,by which the specifications get "opened",and leave the freedom to the welding material suppliers to develop new type of the products.In general,these fillers with the suffix "G" possess specific merits and suitable for some particular applications.Nowadays,this G-suffixed welding material form has been incorporated in some Chinese Standards,but some misunderstanding for it could still be found occasionally.Description and interpretation about this type of welding materials in the AWS's specifications was introduced and the understanding for it is presented.


Describes a new catalytic gas sensor which claims high stability and low‐consumed power by using extra fine wires of precious metals and the addition of a support stabilizer and pore‐making agents. Outlines the experiment methods and materials used, the principles of detection and the performance of the catalytic elements. Concludes that with the addition of a support stabilizer which makes the specific surface of the support decrease slowly during use, and a pore‐making agent which can eliminate the effect of the internal diffusion on the sensor, the novel catalytic sensor can be widely applied to the detection of damp gas in coal mines and various combustible gases on the earth's surfaces.


rise of groundwater levels in unconfined aquifers can cause dryland salinity to increase by several processes including; dissolution of windblown halite, and incorporation of saline clay pore water. The primary process of increased groundwater salinity is evaporation of shallow groundwater as it rises to within a few meters of the ground surface. in murray Basin, australia, the effect of dryland salinity on agriculture and natural ecosystems is severe, and threatens approximately 6,000,000 ha (6 to 7%) of arable land. evaporation is the dominant factor in producing the highsalinity groundwater, which means that the region is at risk from expanding salinity as long as the water table remains shallow, regardless of whether salt sources exist in the unsaturated zone.


Muhammad Syahyuti,2018, 50134883.N, "Pengoperasian inert gas system guna
keselamatan kerja pada kapal tanker di MT. sungai gerong", skripsi program
studi Nautika, Program Diploma IV, Nautika, Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran
Semarang, Pembimbing I : Capt. Hadi Supriyono, MM, M.Mar. Pembimbing II :
Yustina Sapan, S.ST, MM.
The main purpose of a cruise is to ensure the safety of the vessel and its
passengers as well as the cargo to the specified destination, especially in tanker.In order
to carry out the safety of the ship is not as easy as avoiding the explosion, fire, or safety
on board. There are some factors that can trigger explosions, fire, life safety and
pollution.
On tankers, specifically for those measuring 20,000 DWT and above must be
equipped with an Inert gas system. The writer provide the formulation of the problem
on how to prevent accidents at the time of operation of Inert Gas System and how to be
able to eliminate HC (Hydrocarbon) or toxic gases in the tank when the ship crew will
do the cleaning tank with the operation of inert gas system. The purpose of this research
is to find out how to prevent accidents at the time of operation of inert gas system and
how to remove HC (Hydrocarbon) or toxic gases inside tank as the ship crew do the
cleaning with operation of inert gas system so that ship crew could clean the tank well
and make no casualties after the cleaning.
Basic theories used as guideline in writing this final project are literatures that has
close relationship about the understanding of the operation of inert gas system, the
prevention act of accident and work safety as well as the introduction and the depiction
of inert gas system equipment in tankers. In this final project, the writer present this
study by using qualitative methodology as a research procedure that produces
descriptive data in the form of written or people's interview and the behaviour that can
be observed. The writer used interview, observation documentation and library research
as a technique of data collection
Based on the discussion of the problem and the formulation of the problem, so the
writer can conclude that on the operation of inert gas system for the prevention of
occupational injuries such as errors in operating, damage to components of inert gas
components, lack of inert gas tank inflow so that there may be delays in loading and
unloading loading and tank cleanning and can even lead to explosions, fire and life
safety.
keywords : operation of inert gas system, work safety, tanker.


"We know accurately only when we know little; with knowledge doubt increases". —Goethe" The story of micronutrients in disease and health is still not settled. Called micronutrients because they are needed only in minuscule amounts, these substances are the "magic wands" that enable the body to produce enzymes, hormones and other substances essential for proper growth and development. As tiny as the amounts are, however, the consequences of their absence are severe. Micronutrients play a central part in metabolism and in the maintenance of tissue function. An adequate intake therefore is necessary, but provision of excess supplements to people who do not need them may be harmful1. Recently an editorial in Lancet wrote: The prospect that a vitamin pills may not only do no good but also kills their customers is a scarry speculation given the vast quantities that are used in certain communities2. Micronutrients are basically vitamins, minerals and trace elements. Following micronutrients are being discussed.


The present invention provides a dynamoelectric machine and a method for manufacturing a rotor for this, said permanent magnets can be kept stable by means of a simple magnet holding construction for a long period of time. In the dynamo-electric machine holding grooves are recessed into yoke portions in a non-current passing means formed so that these openings at respective facing portions of inner wall surfaces of the recess portions, so that these apertures have to axially inner ends of the yoke portions and so that these Nutrichtungen have in the axial direction wherein forming in this one end face in the groove longitudinal direction a stop surface, said magnet holder made of a magnetic material are arranged such that they inside pass through the recess sections radially from inner circumferential surfaces near the outer ends of the claw-shaped magnetic pole portions, by each of axially inwardly into the retaining grooves are fitted that are formed facing recessed at the recess areas opposite to each other so that a circumferential and radial movement is limited by inner wall surfaces of the retaining grooves and an axially continuous outward movement is limited by the stop surface, wherein Komplementarnuten are formed such that they having openings on the inner circumferential surfaces near the tip ends of the claw-shaped magnetic pole portions facing surfaces, so that they have in the axial direction extending Nutrichtungen and so that they are formed continuously in the axial direction, and further permanent magnets are fitted in the Komplementarnuten and held by the magnetic holders in such a way are that they are opposed to the inner circumferential surfaces facing in the vicinity of the outer ends of the claw-shaped magnetic pole portions.


Vector Quantizer encoding process is based on a codebook designed to minimize some performance criteria. The codebook is formed through the use of long training sequences, which are considered to be in the same class as the source data to be encoded. With the penalty of a long training, the approach is successfully used to encode the speech and image signals. In this paper, we describe a model which generates image signals suitable for coding at a stationary codebook. In this model, the image signal is represented by a zero mean Gaussian stochastic process. Each block of n*n samples of a stochastic process is encoded into one out of M randomly generated Gaussion sequence of length n*n by minimizing the signal to noise ratio. We find out that the model can achieve an acceptable quality of coded image at low bit rates and low complexity.


Submitted for the MAR06 Meeting of The American Physical Society Selective Metallization of Well Aligned PS-b-P2VP Block Copolymers in Thin Films and in Confined Geometries JAMES D. SIEVERT, JAMES J. WATKINS, THOMAS P. RUSSELL, University of Massachusetts Amherst — Well aligned, microphase-separated structures of styrene-2-vinylpyridine block copolymers are being used as templates for macromolecule-metal nanocomposites. These composites are either prepared as thin films or confined in nanoporous aluminum oxide membranes. Under optimal conditions, templates are prepared as thin films or confined nanorods and metallized without disturbing the ordered structure. We have developed a procedure that deposits metal within the polymer using supercritical carbon dioxide-soluble metal precursors. The use of supercritical carbon dioxide allows for selective metallization of the polymer at or below the glass transition, without disrupting the morphology. In addition, similar procedures have been investigated using metal salts and acids. Using these techniques, metals and metal-sulfides including silver, gold, platinum and zinc sulfide have been selectively deposited. James D. Sievert University of Massachusetts Amherst Date submitted: 03 Dec 2005 Electronic form version 1.4


We address the problem of hyperparameter optimization for machine learning algorithms. This is a difficult task for two main reasons: On one hand, the function modelled by the machine learning algorithm is usually derivative free (black-box). On the other hand, function evaluations are typically very expensive in terms of their computational time. The focus of this thesis lies mainly on the hyperparameters of gradient boosting models and neural networks. Both methods contain a large amount of interdependent hyperparameters. This makes the optimization especially difficult. Simple optimization approaches such as grid or random search generally do not provide satisfying results. We are going to examine more sophisticated strategies like Bayesian Optimization which try to model the underlying black-box function in order to find a better configuration. A more recent approach is given by Hyperband, which is the eponym of this thesis. In essence, it adaptively allocates resources across a set of randomly sampled configurations based on their performances. We will explore this algorithm in detail and eventually propose a possible way of combining the advantages of model-based optimization and Hyperband. Afterwards, we present our implementation of Hyperband which we based on the R6 class system. This object oriented variant provides a very generic framework which enables the user to easily modify the conventional Hyperband algorithm. We finally present the results of a benchmark experiment where we compare the aforementioned combination of Hyperband and MBO with the original algorithm. Our findings show that for boosting models, both variants perform about equal (for few training iterations, the hybrid optimizer outperforms the conventional Hyperband while for more training iterations, it is the other way around). When considering neural networks, for which Hyperband was initially intended, both Hyperband-based methods outshine the base line model (e.g. a Random Search). Particularly striking is the fact that even though our hybrid approach generated an overhead (through the additional computations resulting from the model-based procedure), it generally needed less computational time than the conventional Hyperband.


: Though maize is the leading cereal crop in the national diet of Ethiopia; its present productivity is limited by blanket use of Nitrogen (N) fertilizer; without considering farm variability of soil in nutrient supply. Agricultural crop sensors are among the recent technologies developed to assess the actual crop Nitrogen (N) status in the field. In this view, a field trial was conducted on three farmers' fields in Gobu-Seyo district, Ethiopia in 2018 and 2019 to determine the best N rate for side-dressing and validate the N application using crop sensor. The treatment consisted of three N rates (0, 25 and 50 kg ha ) applied at planting and four rates 1 of N (19, 38, 56 and 75 kg ha ) used in side-dressed. The field experiment was arranged in randomized complete 1 block design with three replications. Significant variations were observed between the applied treatments on yield and yield traits of maize. The Correlation coefficients of 0.24 and 0.60 were observed among normalized difference vegetative index value and yield of maize at leaf four and eight growth stages. Higher grain yield (8.6 t ha ) was achieved at N rates of 50 kg ha applied at planting and 75 kg ha side-dressed at 35 days after 1


In contrast with the imines formed from monoaminoalkanes and α,ω -diaminoalkanes with pyrrole-3,4-dicarboxaldehydes, which exist in a tautomeric 3H-pyrrole form, pyrrole-2-carboxaldehydes and -2,5-dicarboxaldehydes react with amines to produce 1H-pyrrolyl-methylenimines. Pyrrole-2,5-dicarboxaldehydes with 1,2-diamino-ethane and with 1,3-diaminopropane yield symmetrical macrocyclic systems, contrary to earlier reports.


The invention provides an imaging apparatus and a control method thereof. The imaging apparatus includes first and second imaging units. First and second images simultaneously captured by the respective imaging units are displayed as live-view images in a dual-screen fashion on an LCD. Overlapping areas between the first and second images, which overlap with each other when the first and second images are synthesized to produce a panoramic image, are detected. A distance of the nearest subject to the imaging apparatus is determined among those subjects contained in the overlapping areas. If the nearest subject distance is less a predetermined threshold value, the nearest subject is displayed in a specific pattern within each of the live-view images, to give an alert to a potential error that would be caused by parallax in the panoramic image before it is produced from the first and second images.


Data mining is the method of discovering or fetching useful information from database tables. Many methods to sequential data mining have been proposed to extract useful information, such as time series analysis, temporal association rules mining, and sequential pattern discovery. Several basic techniques are used in data mining for describing the type of mining and data recovery operation. The rapid growth of the Internet could be largely attributed to the loose governance structure, which beyond some control over domain names, is open to be freely added to by anyone with access to a computer and an Internet connection. Keywords— Data Mining, Clustering, decision tree, Synthesized data mining.


A number of developing-country firms made headlines when they invest abroad recently. Such headlines increased the interest of researchers in outward foreign direct investment (FDI) from developing countries. This paper focused on the relationship between developing-country firms' outward FDI strategy and their technological capabilities accumulation. This relationship was examined through a case study of a Chinese automotive components manufacturer. This study found out that outward FDI strategy has positive effects on developing-country firms' technological capabilities accumulation. And these effects were positively associated with firm's absorptive capacity.


ABSTRACT Double entry bookkeeping emerged by the end of the 13th century and was adopted by, for example, the Datini of Prato during the 1380s. In the transition from single to double entry evident in the Datini Archives, initially accounting records were kept in an account book called a Ricordanze. Record books of this name were typical of Tuscany and, when such books were first used in Tuscany, businessmen began to use them also as a form of personal diary and autobiographical record. Others not in business followed suit and maintained purely personal biographical diaries of the same name. For those in business, the Ricordanze thus developed into a hybrid: partly autobiography and personal and, partly, a place to record matters relating to his business, including details of transactions and of other matters he did not wish to forget, such as promises, obligations, and conditional agreements. As revealed in the Datini archives for the 14th and 15th centuries, use of a Ricordanze for this purpose was disc...


A sulfur ylide intermediate, produced by a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 1,3-benzodithiole-2-thione (5) with benzyne, was successfully trapped by hydrogen chloride to give a novel tetracyclic sulfonium salt, 9aH-9,10-dithia-4b-thioniaindeno[1,2-a]indene chloride (7), in good yield when benzyne was generated by the thermolysis of 2-carboxybenzenediazonium chloride (4). The reaction of ethylene trithiocarbonate with excess 4 provided a convenient one-pot synthesis of 7 in large quantities. The reduction of 7 with NaBH4 gave a novel ring compound, dibenzo[d,g][1,3,6]trithiocin (15), in 95% yield, while alkaline hydrolysis produced the 12-oxide derivative of 15. The treatment of 7 with t-BuOK gave 6,6′-bi(dibenzo[d,g][1,3,6]trithiocinylidene) in 84% yield. Also described are the reactions of benzyne with related compounds of 5.


Attitude to nature is the basic value of the peoples of Eurasia. This is especially clearly manifested in the example of land use. The development of virgin lands in the adjacent territories of Russia and Kazakhstan led to the solution of the food problem, but with social and environmental consequences. Violation of the traditional integrity of human and natural being lies at their core. The authors argue that it is possible to restore the proportionality of their coexistence, including through the introduction of innovative farming methods as the basis for sustainable development of agricultural territories.


In his prose and poetry, George Herbert assumes that the body and soul are inextricably interrelated, and what one does with one significantly affects the other. This has a profound influence on the process of spiritual growth or sanctification. The article begins with demonstrating from Herbert's work the importance of external behavior (particularly posture) to spiritual formation. However, while attention to posture and behavior is necessary, it may not be sufficient for personal transformation. Herbert's prose and poetry demonstrate that positive spiritual formation requires the help of supernatural power.