Just days after the start of the 1994-1995 school year, almost a quarter of the student body at McKinley Elementary School in Compton, California did not show up for class. Latino organizers had asked parents to keep their children out of school to protest what they perceived as school administrators' inadequate response to Latino educational needs. Parents of approximately one hundred of the school's 431 students heeded the call. Although one out of four was only slighdy above the daily absentee rate for a normal school day, the nature of these absences forced district administrators to take notice. The rhetoric that Latino activists used when describing the management of Compton's public schools served as the most disquieting aspect of the walkout. "The Compton Unified School District is like Mississippi," asserted John Ortega, the lead counsel for the Union of Parents and Students of Compton United, the association that organized the attendance strikes. "In Mississippi, they didn't want to educate blacks in the '50s, and in the '90s, Compton doesn't want to educate Latinos."


This work presents an explicit finite-volume model has been developed to study two dimensional incompressible natural convection in air in a square cavity with circular corners. An artificial compressibility technique was applied to couple the continuity to the momentum equations. As boundary conditions of cavity, two opposite left and right walls were kept at constant but different Temperatures. Also two opposite bottom and top walls were thermally insulated. In this work, the radius of walls corner, the Rayleigh number and the irreversibility distribution ratio were limited as: , and respectively; and then those effects on both total entropy generation and the Bejan number were evaluated. In the case of , then the data available in open literature were used to validate the numerical model. The conducted results showed that, the Bejan number increases with decreasing of the irreversibility distribution ratio. Also, the entropy generation decreases with increasing of the walls corner radius.


Observations on the life history of the Cacao Plume Moth, Michaelophorus nubilus (Felder & Rogenhofer), in Honduras are presented along with diagnoses and images of adults, and the first detailed descriptions and illustrations of the final instar larva and pupa. The species is reported for the first time from Honduras. Larvae are pests of Theobroma cacao L. and feed primarily on developing leaves.


As an important structure contributing to linear chromosome end protection, telomere which is composed of telomeric DNA and a suite of telomere-binding proteins(TBPs) is involved in senescence, apoptosis and immortalization of cells. Telomere-binding proteins play pivotal roles in telomere silencing, telomere end protection and telomere length regulation. Previous studies have demonstrated that there are two major distinct telomere-binding complexes, CST components(Cdc13, Stn1 and Ten1) in yeast and shelterin components(TRF1, TRF2, TIN2, Rap1, TPP1 and POT1) in vertebrates. However, recent data have showed that CST-like components also exist in a wide range of higher eukaryotes. This review has summarized the research advances of construction and function of CST components in diverse eukaryotes in recent years to reveal its potential applications in tumor treatments and preventions.


In order to solve the problems of a large amount of calculation, poor real-time performance, and insufficient detection accuracy in an existing robot obstacle detection system, this paper proposes an improved lightweight You Only Look Once Version 3 algorithm for obstacle detection and tracking, by combining the DeepSort algorithm with a three-dimensional model velocity estimation method. First, the depthwise separable convolution and convolution kernel pruning methods are used to lighten the network. Second, to meet the requirement of dynamic obstacle detection, the DeepSort method is used to track dynamic obstacles and estimate their moving speed. Third, a method of bounding-sphere modeling and discrete marking is proposed to simplify the obstacle model. The experimental results show that: the model size is reduced by 92.11%, which suggests that the proposed lightweight detection system is more suitable for industrial applications; the detection speed in the actual scene reaches 118 frames per second and the average detection accuracy is 92.6%, while the multiple objects tracking accuracy and multiple objects tracking precision are all above 0.8 in the dynamic obstacle tracking process. Static and dynamic obstacles in the workspace can be detected simultaneously with an average positioning accuracy error of 1.5 cm. The proposed model can not only effectively improve the detection efficiency of obstacles in the manipulator workspace but also enhance the safety of industrial robot systems.


The design of a free piston compressor (FPC) intended as a pneumatic power supply for pneumatically actuated autonomous robots is presented in this paper. The FPC is a proposed device that utilizes combustion to compress air into a high-pressure supply tank by using the kinetic energy of a free piston. The device is configured such that the transduction from thermal energy to stored energy, in the form of compressed gas, is efficient relative to other small-scale portable power supply systems. This efficiency is achieved by matching the dynamic load of the compressor to the ideal adiabatic expansion of the hot gas combustion products. The device proposed exploits this fact by first converting thermal energy into kinetic energy of the free piston, and then compressing air during a separate compression phase. The proposed technology is intended to provide a compact pneumatic power supply source appropriate for human-scale robots. The design and implementation of the FPC is shown, and preliminary experimental results are presented and discussed with regard to efficiency and energetic characteristics of the device. Most significantly, the device is shown to operate nearly adiabatically.


Currently the tools in medicine are increasingly sophisticated, one of these technologies is ultrasonography (USG). Ultrasound can be used to view the organs in our bodies, one of which is the heart in adults and fetuses still in the womb. However, the reality now is only specialist doctor of heart and blood
vessels are able to read and understand the results of an ultrasound of the heart of a person. Not all midwives and obstetricians can read and understand the ultrasound results. Based on that, Writer invented an application that can be used
to get an area of heart and detect the blood flow that can be used as next research for knowing there is a leakage in fetal heart. The Image Processing pipeline of this application consist of 4 stages which is the stage of Image Acquisition, Color Image Processing stage, Image Segmentation stage to get an area of heart, and Representation Description stage to detect blood flow of heart using the contour and marked by red color. Applications will be tested using three kinds of tests consisting of functional testing stage of Color Image Processing, functional testing phase of Image Segmentation, and functional testing phase of Representation Description to getting the blood flow within the heart using contour. The results of this application is to get the heart area and detect blood flow in the heart that can be used as research. Final result of this application so that a midwife or obstetrician can see if there is leakage of blood in the fetal heart.


The purpose of this research was to search for effectiveness indicators of nursing service system in health centers, Bangkok Metropolis by using Delphi technique. The 18 experts were nursing administrators of health centers, teaching experts in nursing administration, academic experts in public health policy and planning of public health nursing centers. The results revealed that effectiveness the indicators of nursing service system in health centers, Bangkok Metropolis composed of 128 items which were classified into four aspects: 1. Nursing management, 57 items, can be classified into 8 categories: policy, organizing, human resource management, instrument, environment, co-ordination, information, and financing. 2. Nursing service in health centers, 30 items, can be classified into 5 categories: professional nursing service, nursing service system, quality development activities, service behavior, and performance evaluation. 3. Nursing service in community health centers, 28 items, can be classified into 4 categories: nursing activity goal, continuous service, self-care potential, and process evaluation. 4. Advocacy of clients, 13 items, can be classified into 2 categories: surveillance in client advocacy policy and surveillance in client advocacy practice.


In theory,teachers are professional educators and they own educational authority.However,in recent years,the phenomenon of parents'intervention with schools'education behaviors has gone widespread increasingly,and even it has been an important source of resistance to school educational reformation's pushing process.Based on the embedding theory of the new economic sociology,the parents'appeal and intervention are the inevitable reflections of social relations and structures which has been inset.The actions of school educators should give consideration to the appeals that come from the parents who are stakeholders of schools'profits,and their educational decision-making is a process of making the balance between kinds of benefits and choosing rationally.


Difference in human capital between men and women is considered as one of the major factors that perpetuate gender wage inequality. The paper examines the effects of govern-mental policies regarding public provision of education on gender based wage inequality. A two-sector full employment model is developed where the human capital endowments of men and women are different, with the latter being typically less. Comparative static exercises show that increase in public expenditure on education with equal allocation across gender, may aggravate gender wage inequality; on the other hand, higher public expenditure with greater allocation towards education of women may narrow down the gender wage gap. The results indicate that governmental discrimination in favour of women in provision of education might compensate for the social discrimination against women in access to education and ensure empowerment of women.


Abstract
In omnigenous systems, guiding centers are constrained to move on magnetic surfaces.
Since a magnetic surface is determined by a constant radial Clebsch coordinate,
omnigeneity implies that the guiding center radial coordinate (the Clebsch coordinate) is
a constant of motion. Near omnigeneity is probably a requirement for high quality
confinement and in such systems only small oscillatory radial banana guiding center
excursions from the average drift surface occur. The guiding center radial coordinate is
then the leading term for a more precise radial drift invariant
Ir, corrected by oscillatory "banana
ripple" terms. An analytical expression for the radial invariant is derived for long-thin
quadrupolar mirror equilibria. The formula for the invariant is then used in a Vlasov
distribution function. Comparisons are first made with Vlasov equilibria using the
adiabatic parallel invariant. To model radial density profiles, it is necessary to use the
radial invariant (the parallel invariant is insufficient for this). The results are also
compared with a fluid approach. In several aspects, the fluid and Vlasov system with the
radial invariant give analogous predictions. One difference is that the parallel current
associated with finite banana widths could be derived from the radial invariant.


An observer of the debates conducted amongst Palestinian intellectuals over the one-state solution in Palestine/Israel, will have perceived a surge of interest in these discussions in recent years. This article investigates the reasons for the mounting interest, and attempts to introduce a number of distinctions and parameters into the debate in order to create some order within it – an increasingly imperative task if these discussions are to proceed in a constructive manner. In the first section of the paper, the author seeks to ascertain the source of the impetus for a revival of the one-state solution (OSS); the article also outlines a typology of the arguments commonly evoked in favor of the OSS, exploring its allure for Palestinians. The second section aims to determine what, if the OSS is indeed 'the solution,' is the problem that it purports to solve, and in what sense it constitutes a solution to that problem. In this section, the author claims that many of the arguments deployed in support of the OSS are misplaced and do not truly represent an answer to the actual problems facing the Palestinians. The author's main line of reasoning is that the existing criticisms of the Oslo Accords and its perceived failure should not inexorably lead the Palestinians to abandon the two-state solution (TSS) and adopt the OSS, as this solution is not necessarily more just (although it might be), nor is it incontrovertibly more realizable. The third section argues that support of the OSS nevertheless represents a compelling option for the Palestinians, but for reasons other than those usually put forward by its advocates. Its value lies not in the disputable fact that it is a better 'solution', but rather in that it provides the means for altering present relations between Palestinians and the Israeli state, empowering Palestinians and supplying them with tools for their struggle. Understood in this way – as a means rather than a final solution – the OSS has the potential to change the fundamental parameters of the problem, reformulating the present by perceiving it through the prism of an imagined future. The evocation of the OSS shifts the Palestinian position from a struggle unto death against the Israelis to a master-slave dialectics with them. This shift turns Palestinian weakness into strength, puts limits on Israeli power, and furnishes the Palestinians with a plan and agenda for struggle, which they currently lack.


Objective To study the cause of decrease of fetal monitoring fetal heart rate baseline thin variability(DFMV)and the relationship between DFMV and fetal intrauterine stockpiling ability.Methods The clinical data of 74 cases of late pregnancy was chosen from obstetric clinic of them,forty-two pregnant women received cesarean section due to fetal distress with the nonreactive type of non-stress test(study group).Thirty-two received cesarean section due to other obstetric indcafions with reactive type of non-stress test in the same period(control group).The clinical data was analyzed for the two groups,including the causes of DFMV,the effect of DFMV on the fetal intrauterine stockpiling ability and the fetal prognosis.Results In the study group,the umbilical cord abnormal ratio was 64.29%.There was statistcally significant(P0.05) compared with the control group.Conclusion For the pregnant women with DFMV and abnormal umbilical cord,terminating pregnancy in time during late pregnancy period would lower the newborn distress rate and the asphyxial degree.


Assessment is a new concept extended from concept of evaluation with devaluation. This paper reviews briefly the historical background and developmental process of assessment,and tries to clear the distinctions between assessment and evaluatio. It will deeper our knowledge of assessment to clear away the obstacles in curriculum and teaching reform.


Abstract FINANCIAL DECISIONS IN EMERGING MARKETS. Jaime Sabal. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. 280 pp. $55.00 paper. ISBN 0-19-514459-7. Reviewed by Kofi A. Amoateng.


The utilization of artificial neural networks (ANN) in Islamic banking research is rarely reported. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the possibility of ANN utilization for predicting depositor return from time deposit product of Islamic bank. The paper compares the accuracy power of ANN and multiple linear regression (MLR) using ten years monthly data of six macroeconomic variables as independent variables, and the average rate of return from one month time deposit of all Indonesian Islamic banks (RR) as dependent variable. For this purpose, the research employs Eviews software version 5.0 to develop MLR model and Alyuda neuro intelligent software version 2.2 to develop ANN model. As a result, the accuracy power testing using in-sample data for the period of January 2000 to December 2008 indicates the ANN outperforms MLR with 94.62% accuracy rate while MLR achieves only 90.07%. Finally, using out of sample data from January 2009 until April 2010, ANN and MLR achieve averagely 78.59% and 77.44% of accuracy rate, respectively. These evidences demonstrate that ANN model provides more accurate prediction and is quite useful in providing RR prediction information to depositor. (Abstract)


Summary: In a patient with intraventricular meningioma presenting with intraventricular hemorrhage, CT demonstrated a welldefined tumor mass in the trigone of the left lateral ventricle with extensive surrounding hematoma.


From the study of the Ni+Ni,Ag 30 MeV/nucleon dissipative midperipheral collisions, it has been possible to detect events in which Intermediate Mass Fragments (IMF) are emitted by two different sources with different mechanisms. The sources are: a) a quasi-projectile (QP) (and a quasi-target (QT)), with an excitation energy that leads to multifragmentation totally described in terms of a statistical disassembly of a thermalized system (T 4. MeV, E* 4 MeV/nucleon); b) an intermediate source, emitting both light particles and IMF. In this second case, fragments are more neutron rich than the average matter of the overall system, and have a very different charge distribution, with respect to those statistically emitted from the QP. The above features can be considered as a signature of the dynamical origin of the midvelocity emission. The results of this analysis show that IMF can be produced via different mechanisms simultaneously present within the same collision. They also show that the probability of IMF production via dynamical reaction increase with the size of the target nucleus.


A method for analyzing the current distribution in high-T/sub c/ superconducting (HTS) power cable is examined by the aid of the novel use of anisotropic conductivity and three-dimensional finite element method in consideration of the E-J power law characteristic. The detailed current distribution in the cable is illustrated and the shielding effect of HTS shield is also examined.


Objective: To explore the association of nocturnal limb movements (LMs) and sleep quality with cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMH). Background Nocturnal LMs are associated with transient but significant increases in night-time blood pressure and autonomic hyperactivity; emerging evidence suggests a link with vascular disease. While obstructive sleep apnea is linked with WMH, the relationship between nocturnal LMs and WMH remains to be clarified. Design/Methods: Patients evaluated in a tertiary care behavioral neurology clinic were assessed with polysomnography for various sleep problems. Polysomnography was scored according to criteria from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. WMH were rated using the Age Related White Matter Changes Score (ARWMC) from FLAIR MRI. Polysomnographic (transformed where necessary) and ARWMC data were compared using Pearson correlations. Results: Forty-five participants were assessed (69% male, mean age 64 years) and vascular risk factors were as follows: hypertension (27%), hyperlipidemia (18%) and diabetes (9%). Prior cerebrovascular disease (7%), obstructive sleep apnea (49%) and restless legs syndrome (33%) were also present. The mean ARWMC score was 3.84 (range 0-25, standard deviation 4.73). When controlling for hypertension, the total ARWMC score was correlated with total LMs per hour of sleep (r=0.66, p=0.01). There were no differences in the ARWMC score between hemispheres, but more LMs were noted on the left side (66.3 vs. 24.1, p Conclusions: LM counts strongly correlated with the presence of WMH. In addition, sleep efficiency was negatively correlated with WMH. In keeping with developing evidence, our findings suggest that nocturnal LMs associated with poor quality sleep may contribute to episodes of nocturnal hypertension, which have been implicated in the development of WMH, even after controlling for the presence of daytime hypertension. Supported by: Dr. Mark Boulos is supported by a Focus on Stroke Research Fellowship, which is funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, and the Canadian Stroke Network. Disclosure: Dr. Boulos has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pettersen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jewell has nothing to disclose. Dr. Black has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Roche Pharmaceuticals, and Bristol-Myers Squibb. Dr. Black has received research support from Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, Roche, and GlaxoSmithKline. Dr. Murray has received personal compensation for activities with Pfizer and Valeant as a consultant.


Superefficiency DEA model is introduced,and this method is used to evaluate the production efficiency of container terminals in Liaoning province. The evaluation results shows that the returns to scale of most container terminals is increasing or constant; compared with Dalian port whose history is longest,scale is largest and throughput is highest,some new container terminals' productivity is higher.


The demographic aspect of the development of the largest macro-region in the country remains among its key problems for a long time. At the present stage of the implementation of the new economic policy in relation to the Far East, the federal authorities pay increased attention to the problem of the annually shrinking population. The goal of building up the demographic potential, stopping the migration outflow and attracting new residents to the territory of the Far Eastern regions by improving the quality of life is central to many strategic documents. So, in 2017, the Concept of the demographic policy of the Far East for the period up to 2025 was adopted. In 2020, the National Program for the Socio-Economic Development of the Far East for the period until 2024 and for the future until 2035 was approved. At the same time, despite the active work in the development and adoption of strategic documents and the implantation of various kinds of institutional innovations, the real socio-demographic situation in the macroregion significantly differs from the formed expectations. The article analyzes the two indicated documents from the point of view of achieving the parameters declared in them. The main attention is paid to the first stage of the implementation of the Concept of Demographic Policy, which fell on the period 2017-2020. It is concluded that the adopted strategic documents have not yet led to the achievement of the planned results. Thus, the actual socio-demographic indicators during the implementation of the first stage of the Concept of Demographic Policy lagged significantly behind the planned values, while an annual increase in the gap between them was noted. A significant deterioration in the situation occurred in 2020, when a new coronavirus infection spread in Russia and the world. Considering that the unfavorable situation persists and the third wave of morbidity is currently observed, there is a high likelihood of a further increase in the gap between the planned and actual results, which requires adjusting the measures and indicators laid down in the documents of the strategic development of the macroregion.


The share of jobs that are low-skill declined by 15% from 1960 to 2005, yet low-wage jobs have made up an increasing share of total job growth over that period. Scholar Matt Vidal discusses how the manufacturing-based, nationally bound economy of the postwar years allowed employers to pay decent wages for low-skill jobs, but in today's postindustrial, internationalized economy, wage-based competition has returned with a vengeance.


Nowadays, higher order tensors have been applied to model multi-dimensional image data for subsequent tensor decomposition, dimensionality reduction and classification tasks. In this paper, we survey recent results with the goal of highlighting the power of tensor methods as a general technique for data representation, their advantage if compared with vector counterparts and some research challenges. Hence, we firstly review the geometric theory behind tensor fields and their algebraic representation. Afterwards, subspace learning, dimensionality reduction, discriminant analysis and reconstruction problems are considered following the traditional viewpoint for tensor fields in image processing, based on generalized matrices.We show several experimental results to point out the effectiveness of multi-linear algorithms for dimensionality reduction combined with discriminant techniques for selecting tensor components for face image analysis, considering gender classification as well as reconstruction problems. Then, we return to the geometric approach for tensors and discuss opened issues in this area related to manifold learning and tensor fields, incorporation of prior information and high performance computational requirements. Finally, we offer conclusions and final remarks.


SIR, – We are finding a high proportion of blood samples submitted to the University of Edinburgh's Dairy Herd Health and Productivity Service to be low in urea content since cows went out to grass. In the vast majority of cases the cows are reported to be milking well and so no action has been


In the alpine sandy lands of China, there are great peculiarities and regional differences in the erosion and deposition characteristics of straw-checkerboards. The fencing life of straw checkerboard is primarily affected by the erosion depth change of each inner part over several years. The continuously monitored seasonal erosion depth of three sizes (1 m×1 m, 1.5 m×1.5 m, 2 m×2 m) of straw checkerboards in three slope positions (the toe, the middle, the top), revealed that serious erosion always occurred in the centerand south-oriented parts of the large straw-checkerboards in higher slope positions. In contrast, deposition obviously appeared in the north-and west-oriented parts of those smaller sizes and lower slope positions. Such differences were caused by the northwest wind in winter and the northeast wind in spring. The winter and yearly erosion rates showed that the 1.5-meter-interval checkerboard on the middle slope would have the longest fencing life with an average of approximately five years with a stable concave and balanced erosion (deposition) effect, while the 1-m interval on the toe and the 2 m intervals on the top had problems of over-erosion or over-accumulation, which limited their lifetimes to two years. Thus, possible directions for desertification controllers is that the straw-checkerboard should be allocated optimally according to the erosion and deposition effects; generally, the medium size could be applied to all slope positions, while the small one and the large one were most suited to the top and the toe slope positions, respectively.


Solar water heating system is the key element of green construction. Hence, this research is significant in order to help, both people and government, apply solar energy. The aim of this paper is to identify the current practices of solar water heating system in domestic buildings. Furthermore, to identify the factors that restrain the application of solar water heating system in domestic buildings. Hence, investigating the current practices of solar water heating. Moreover, this paper focuses on the current practices of solar water heating system in domestic buildings. The research is to identify the main factors that are affecting the application of solar water heating in domestic buildings. The result of the research can contribute new knowledge in the industry by identifying possible ways of implementing the solar water heating system techniques.


In this paper, we describe our KBP Entity Lining system at TAC 2012. Our system consists of three modules. 1) Query expansion and candidate entity selection module. In this module, we identify all the possible entities for an entity mention through a variety knowledge sources. 2) Entity disambiguation module. In this module, we use a maximum margin approach to rank the candidate entity. 3) NIL clustering module. In this module, we cluster all the NIL entities which have been detected in the second module using Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering alrorithm.


ABSTRACT The reaction stoichiometrics were studied in the extraction of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Ca(II) by n-octyl, 1-methylheptyl and 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen styrylphosphonates and di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid and 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen 2-ethylhexylphosphonate. The ultraviolet-visible and infrared spectra were recorded for these extractants and their complexes with the above metals. Based on the experimental data, an empirical relationship was established between the structure of the extractants and the extracting behavior: pH½ = ApKa + Bνp=0 - c where pKa and νp=0 are the acid dissociation constant of the extractants and the characteristic frequency of infrared absorption for the P=0 group, respectively. The values of A, B and C depend on the extracted metals. The analysis of the relationship between the steric effect of substituting groups and extracting power seems to indicate that the steric effect has been implied in the coefficients A, B and C.


lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is transiently expressed in specific regions of the central and peripheral nervous systems, suggesting a role in its normal development and function. The nature of the cognate ligands of ALK in vertebrate is still a matter of debate. We produced a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against the extracellular domain of the human receptor. Two major species of ALK (220 and 140 kDa) were identified in transfected cells, and the use of our mAbs established that the 140-kDa species results from a cleavage of the 220-kDa form. Two mAbs, in the n M range, induced the differentiation of PC12 cells transiently transfected with ALK. In human embryonic kidney 293 cells stably expressing ALK, these two mAbs strongly activated the receptor and subsequently the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. We further showed for the first time that activation of ALK also resulted in a specific activation of STAT3. In contrast, other mAbs presented the characteristics of blocking antibodies. with mouse immunoglobulins (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laborato- ries). Bound proteins were visualized using the ECL system (Amer-sham Bioscience). Alternatively, primary antibodies were detected us- ing IRDye 800- or Alexa Fluor 688-conjugated second antibodies (Rockland). Binding of the fluorescent antibodies was visualized and quantified using the Odyssey Imaging System (LI-COR biosciences).


A 71-year-old Chinese woman experienced fever and fatigue for roughly 1 month. The patient had a history of hypertension. On physical examination, multiple superficial lymph node enlargements were found. Velcro crackles were heard in both lower lungs. Abdominal and heart examinationswere mostly normal. Laboratory data were as follows: white blood cell count, 13,120/μL; blood urea nitrogen, 4.55mg/dL; creatinine, 136.9 μmol/L; immunoglobulin G, 1990 mg/dL; complement 3, 91.9 mg/dL; erythrocyte sedimentation rate, 140 mm/1 h; C-reactive protein, 121 mg/L; and anti-GBMantibodywas negative. In addition, the patient was positive for both MPO-ANCA and IgG4 (32.9 U/mL and 4.14 g/L, respectively). The 24-hour total urine protein ranged from 0.77 to 1.25 g. Chest computed tomography revealed diffusely distributed ground glass opacities in both lung fields. Kidney ultrasound was normal. Renal biopsy results are as follows: light microscope (total of 28 glomeruli, 6 glomeruli with ischemic sclerosis, 1 cellular crescent, and 2 cellular fibrous crescents); atrophy in 40% of renal tubules, and interstitial fibrosis in approximately 20% of renal tubules; and infiltration of multifocal lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils (Fig. 1). Immunohistochemical staining indicated that IgG4-positive cells were present at 50 per high-power field. IgG4/IgG was approximately 30% (Fig. 2C). With direct immunofluorescence examination, it was negativity for IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, Fib, and C1q in the glomerular mesangial region. In the electron microscope, the epithelial cells are extensively fused. No clear electron density was found (Figs. 2A, B). The renal biopsy diagnoses were IgG4-related interstitial nephritis and MPO-ANCA–positive crescentic glomerulonephritis. The patient was diagnosed with an overlap syndrome: ANCA-positive crescentic nephritiswith IgG4-related nephropathy.


Making choices, responding actively instead of passively, restraining impulses, and other acts of self-control and volition all draw on a common resource that is limited and renewable, akin to strength or energy. After an act of choice or self-control, the self's resources have been expended, producing the condition of ego depletion. In this state, the self is less able to function effectively, such as by regulating itself or exerting volition. Effects of ego depletion appear to reflect an effort to conserve remaining resources rather than full exhaustion, although in principle full exhaustion is possible. This versatile but limited resource is crucial to the self's optimal functioning, and the pervasive need to conserve it may result in the commonly heavy reliance on habit, routine, and automatic processes.


The multiple linear model is used successfully to extend the linear model to nonlinear problems. However, the conventional multilinear models fail to learn the global structure of a training data set because the local linear models are independent of each other. Furthermore, the local linear transformations are learned in the original space. Therefore, the performance of multilinear methods is strongly dependent on the results of partition. This paper presents a kernel approach for the implementation of the local linear discriminant analysis for face recognition problems. In the original space, we utilize a set of local linear transformations with interpolation to approximate an optimal global nonlinear transformation. Based on the local linear models in the original space, we derive an explicit kernel mapping to map the training data into a high‐dimensional transformed space. The optimal transformation is learned globally in the transformed space. Experimental results show that the proposed method is more robust to the partition results than the conventional multilinear methods. Compared with the general nonlinear kernels that utilize a black‐box mapping, our proposed method can reduce the negative effects caused by the potential overfitting problem. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


The preconditioned Richardson and preconditioned minimal residual iterative methods are presented for the solution of linear equations arising when orthogonal spline collocation with piecewise Hermite bicubics is applied to a selfadjoint elliptic Dirichlet boundary value problem on a rectangle. For both methods, the orthogonal spline collocation discretization of Laplace's operator is used as a preconditioner. In the preconditioned Richardson method, an approximation of the optimal iteration parameter is computed from knowledge of spectral equivalence constants. Such a priori information is not required for the preconditioned minimal residual method. In each iteration of both methods, orthogonal spline collocation Poisson's problems are solved by a fast direct algorithm which employs fast Fourier transforms. An application of the preconditioned minimal residual method is also discussed for the solution of linear equations arising from the orthogonal spline collocation discretization of nonselfadjoint elli...


This article researches the enlightened Spanish policy in the last decades of 18 th century, before the dramatic situation of the foundling children. This period produces the legislative, medical and educational bases necessary for a best and more effective official intervention with the abandoned children, his breeding and his education, and for to promote the social sensibility before it. The scholar organization and the educational principles followed are the own of the holdings of the enlightened minority. The change of orientation produced was impulsed by humanitarian and social motives, but specially by the enlightened policy of to promotion the hand of work qualified that allow the development of the arts, the trades and the industry, required by the modernization of Spain. Nevertheless, is noticed a loud imbalance between the legislate and the truly starting in observance.


We empirically test and compare the performance of the traditional capital asset pricing model (CAPM), the three-moment CAPM and the Fama–French (FF) three-factor model using the FF 25 portfolios data. Based on the time-series and the cross-sectional tests, the FF three-factor model outperforms the other models. In the cross-sectional tests, the three-moment CAPM has a higher R 2 than CAPM but in the time-series regression, the performances of CAPM and the three-moment CAPM are comparable.


Translation of experimental stroke research into the clinical setting is often unsuccessful. Novel approaches are therefore desirable. As humans, pet dogs suffer from spontaneous ischaemic stroke and may hence offer new ways of studying genuine stroke injury mechanisms.


The role of several important factors that have played a role in Holocene climate change is examined. These forcing factors operate on different time-scales: lower frequency (millennial-scale) climate changes associated with orbital forcing, century-scale variability associated with solar forcing, and annualto decadal-scale variability associated with volcanic forcing. Feedbacks within the climate system may involve non-linear responses to forcing, especially if critical thresholds are exceeded. In addition, there may be distinct regional climate anomaly patterns that result from certain types of forcing. Other anomalies that appear in Holocene paleoclimatic records may be unrelated to external forcing factors, but reflect conditions entirely within the climate system. General circulation model simulations play an important role in helping to understand how these various factors interact to produce the observed changes in Holocene climate.


Culverts are built at locations where a waterway crosses a road or railway and creates a limitation to flow passage. Furthermore, blockage commonly occurs during flood events with accumulation of debris at the culvert inlet. The inlet blockage changes the flow structure at the outlet and may result in culvert failure. Despite this, the impacts of blockage on culvert hydraulics and downstream waterways have not received consideration in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to mitigate this deficiency by reporting on an investigation into scouring at the outlet of partially blocked culverts. Experimental tests were conducted under steady flow to investigate a relationship between the maximum scour depth, blockage ratio of the culvert and the flow characteristics. Both non-blocked and partially blocked conditions were considered. Consideration of the results obtained showed that the scoured area and maximum scour depth increased with partially blocked culverts conditions compared with equivalent non-...


Kata kunci: Manajemen pembelajaran penerapan pandemi covid 19 The purpose of this research is to investigate how school principals managed the application of the learning process during the COVID-19 epidemic at exceptional schools in the Pidie Regency over the study period. The descriptive technique is used with a qualitative approach in this research. In this instance, the researcher examines and explains the occurrences that occur spontaneously in the field under the facts that are seen. Data collected from the field were evaluated by converting respondents into narrative form, making it easier to comprehend the findings when presented at the end of the study. The findings indicate that the preparation for implementing the learning process at the State Special School in Pidie Regency during the COVID-19 epidemic was successful, as shown by the outcomes. The approach for executing the learning process at the exceptional school in Pidie Regency during the COVID-19 epidemic has been operating at peak performance. The head of SLB Negeri in Pidie Regency is in charge of overseeing both direct and indirect methods. Managing the execution of the learning process during the COVID-19 epidemic presents several challenges for the school's principal. The shifting zoning status of COVID-19, which affects altering learning patterns, is a barrier that must be overcome throughout the design stage.


In view of the fact that there are too many repetitive researches and too few innovative theories in translation studies in China,this article proposes that Lakatos's methodology of scientific research programmes should be applied for appraising translation theories.In doing so,the shift from appraising isolated theory to research programme is necessary.The progressiveness and degeneration of research programmes provides a scientific criterion for appraising the innovativeness and repetitiveness of translation theories,which therefore promotes translation studies.


Mobile Health (MH) is a hot topic in the health IT industry because it can make a big difference in healthcare services. However, before adopting Mobile Health technology, we must ensure that it provides safe and reliable services to users and it should also meet authoritative requirements. In US, Meaningful Use (MU) is widely used to evaluate Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems service quality. Therefore, in this paper we derive appropriate requirements for MH evaluation from MU requirements. Based on our new MH requirements, existing MH architectures that are currently being surveyed in ISO/TC215 DTR were evaluated. This new MH requirements are applicable to further developments of mobile health services.


Objective:To study the effect of hypothermia on BDNFmRNA of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.Methods:Acording to the random serial number,7 days old Wistar rats weighing 13~16g were divided into five groups: normal control group(n=6),sham operated group(n=6),HIBD group(n=36),31 ℃ hypothermia group(n=36) and 34 ℃ hypothermia group(n=36).BDNFmRNA in the brain was measured using situ hybridization.Neuron apoptosis was tested by Tunel and HE kit.Results: 1.The increased level of BDNFmRNA was found in the dentate gyrus and hippocamapal CA1 after HIBD.2.The level of BDNFmRNA in hypothermia group was higher than that in HIBD group without hypothermia.3.The positive cells of apoptosis in hypothermia group dropped obviously compared with HIBD group.Conclusion: The hypothermia can increase the level of BDNFmRNA and decrease the apoptosis cells in oder to protect the brain injury.


Dermoid ovarian cysts are the most common germ-cells tumours of the ovary, but strumal carcinoid transformation is rare. The authors report the case of an asymptomatic 20 year-old woman, referred to the gynaecological outpatient clinic, because of the ultrasound finding of an adnexal cyst. On physical examination a right adnexal mass was identified. A repeat ultrasound revealed an ovarian mass measuring 11.5cm, with characteristics that were suggestive of an ovarian teratoma. A CT-scan was performed that was also suggestive of this diagnosis. Tumoral markers were negative, except for CA19.9. The patient was submitted to laparoscopic right adnexectomy and histopathological examination revealed an ovarian bigerminal mature cystic teratoma with strumal carcinoid transformation, but no capsular invasion. Currently, 18 months after surgery the patient is pregnant and remains symptom free. Palavras chave: teratoma, carcinoide, strumal carcinoid, struma ovarii


In order to help the staff understand the care of patients in our particular psychiatric setting, we developed our own form for nursing care plans. We explored the literature but found that most of the plans which we might have used were too detailed, complex, or superficial, or else the focus was only on biological aspects and our concerns are broader. The Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic of the New York Hospital is physically designed as a progressiveintensive treatment center, with both inpatient and outpatient departments. Teaching, research, and preventive medicine, as well as treatment, are active components of the total program. The inpatient area contains 106 beds divided into 9


Based on changing market conditions and pressure on cost and productiv- ity, companies in different industries have started to concentrate on their core com- petencies and to decrease vertical range of manufacture. This resulted in an increas- ing dependency between the producing companies and their suppliers, and therefore also between the producing companies and their supply networks. Supplier Rela- tionship Management (SRM) offers methods and tools to identify, evaluate, select and qualify suppliers. In order to support the paradigm switch from a supplier ori- ented relationship view to a supply network dominated view, these methods and tools need to be extended into Supply Network Management (SNM). This paper is based on preparatory work done in the area of strategic supply network development (SSND) and introduces business functions for the identification, evaluation and se- lection of complete supply networks. Additionally, a component model, a system framework and a prototype for Strategic Supply Network Modeling (SSNM) are intro- duced in order to extend existing ERP and respectively SRM systems with the func- tionality mentioned above.


In this work an analytical design method for two types of 2D recursive filters is proposed. One class of filters approached here are orientation-selective filters with a narrow frequency response along a direction in the frequency plane specified by a given angle. The other type refers to circularly-symmetric filters. The design is based on 1D IIR digital prototype filters with a given transfer function factorized into biquad functions. Applying specific frequency transformations to the biquad sections, the desired 2D filters are obtained, which are very efficient and preserve the selectivity properties of their 1D counterparts.


Introduction Mechanistic modelling is an increasingly popular method of tracking carbon fluxes in forest ecosystems, important for carbon balance studies, climate and pollution studies and others. Properly calibrated and validated, such models can also be used as diagnostic tools, to separate the influence of forest growth impactors such as climate change and Nitrogen deposition (Eastaugh et al. 2011). Such models have however been sometimes criticised in the past for a poor representation of forest mass growth (Rennolls et al. 2007, Pretzsch et al. 2008). This paper presents part of a wider study that will compare aboveground biomass estimates obtained with the BIOME-BGC model (Thornton 1998, Pietsch et al. 2005) with field data from the Austrian National Forest Inventory (Gabler & Schadauer 2006). We detail here the methodology developed to estimate forest management activities that may have occurred prior to the starting date of the available inventory data. BIOME-BGC simulates fluxes and pools of carbon, water and nitrogen, beginning with a spin-up run of many forest growth cycles, to estimate a natural forest stand for the site without human influence (Pietsch & Hasenauer 2006). We follow this with two cycles of clear cutting to represent early industrial forest use in Central Europe, with the final start date of the present forest established in accordance with the mean forest age for each site from the NFI data. In managed forests it is likely that some biomass removals have occurred in the current forest rotation, but if these were prior to the commencement of the inventory programme then the timing and extent of those thinnings is unknown. As forest management is one of the major influences on forest carbon fluxes and pools (Rypdal & Baritz 2002, Jandl et al. 2007, Lindner et al. 2008), this represents a potentially serious source of uncertainty or bias in model outputs (Zaehle et al. 2006). In a recent Europe-wide comparison of forest models, Tupek et al. (2010) did not include management in their BGC simulation, yet recognise management as a major factor. Direct site-by-site comparisons of model outputs with inventory measurements is difficult, due to the fundamentally different approaches to scale. Models assume homogeneity at the scale of their input data (Landsberg et al. 1991), where single sites are assumed to be representative of a broader area. Inventories on the other hand are a statistical measure, designed so that a large number of results are aggregated to give a mean figure for a region or strata. Although at a broad scale the results should be comparable, individual site-by-site comparisons are likely to have little meaning. In terms of using inventory data for model initialisation and validation, this means that some liberties must be taken with the strictly mechanistic operation of biogeochemical process models, as a large component of random error in the individual plot observations must be incorporated. National forest inventories (NFIs) contain a vast body of information, however the use of this data for research purposes has to date been limited (Nabuurs et al. 2010), and few biogeochemical analyses have been applied to inventory data (Purves & Pacala 2008). This is likely due to two complications, the first to do with the data needs of complex biogeochemical models and the second with the statistical nature of forest inventories. Comprehensive inventories such as the Austrian NFI (Gabler & Schadauer 2006), species-specific model parameterisation (Pietsch et al. 2005) and modern spatial interpolation methods (Petritsch & Hasenauer 2007) may fulfil most of the data needs, but the uncertainty of prior management activities remains. Comparison of biogeochemical modelling and inventory results in managed forests requires solving two simultaneous problems: the statistical uncertainty of the inventory data at the plot scale and the lack of knowledge of historical management. Our appro-


Abstract Let R be a commutative ring with identity which is not an integral domain. An idealI of a ringR is called an annihilating ideal if there exists r ∈ R r {0} such thatIr = (0). In this paper, we consider a simple undirected graph associated with R denoted byΩ(R) whose vertex set equals the set of all nonzero annihilating ideals of R and two distinct vertices I, J are adjacent if and only ifI + J is an annihilating ideal of R.


The aim of this thesis was to further our understanding of the pathway to development of the most common subtype (serous) of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). There is controversy surrounding how serous ovarian tumours develop. Some studies suggest that low malignant potential (LMP) tumours are distinct from higher grade malignant tumours (tumours of moderate (G2) or poor (G3) differentiation) while others have reported similarities in gene expression between LMP and malignant tumours. To learn more about serous carcinogenesis in the current study, gene expression profiles were compared in a panel of serous tumours exhibiting a range of invasive behaviours (benign, LMP and malignant (G2, G3) tumours) and in normal ovaries. Key findings were the identification of significant differences in gene expression between LMP/ malignant tumours and benign tumours/ normal ovaries (Chapter Three). Similarities in gene expression profiles of LMP and malignant tumours were also noted and these results suggest that LMP tumours may develop via pathways that are shared with their higher grade invasive counterparts. Several genes that may play an important role in serous tumourigenesis were also identified and the function of one gene (WNT7A) was examined further in Chapter Four. WNT7A was highly expressed in LMP and malignant tumours compared with little or no expression in benign tumours and normal ovaries. This result was of interest because studies in mice have demonstrated the involvement of Wnt7a during embryonic development of the female reproductive tract from the mullerian ducts. Therefore, it was hypothesised that activation of WNT7A may play a role in the development of EOC, in which the various histological subtypes resemble mullerian duct derivatives. The focus of Chapter Four was to learn more about the role of WNT7A in ovarian cancer by manipulating WNT7A expression levels in ovarian cancer cell lines. Transfection of the CI80-13S ovarian cancer cell line with a WNT7A overexpression vector allowed for the selection of several clones demonstrating overexpression at the mRNA and protein level. A distinct cellular morphology indicative of changes in cytoskeletal organisation was observed. Given the known influence of the actin cytoskeleton on migration capabilities in cancer cells, these results are relevant to tumour progression and further work is being undertaken to investigate these findings. It is also recognised that environmental factors play an important role in the causation of serous ovarian cancer. The aim of Chapter Five was therefore to determine whether established risk factors for ovarian cancer were associated with a gene expression signature in the patient's tumour tissues. Thus, microarray data from a homogeneous set of serous tumours (including LMP and malignant) were analysed. Key results were the identification of characteristic gene expression profiles associated with age, smoking and parity. This is the first study to look at the influence of environment on gene expression in ovarian tumour tissues and the issues addressed herein provide a methodological basis for integrating molecular biology with epidemiologic factors. In Chapter Six, a pure epidemiological approach was applied to study the role of chronic inflammation in serous ovarian cancer development, in an Australia-wide casecontrol study. In general, little evidence was found to support a major role for inflammation in malignant serous ovarian cancer development. However, consistent findings of increased serous ovarian cancer risk associated with use of perineal talcum powder provides convincing evidence that local inflammation could lead to tumour development in this subset of women. It is possible that LMP tumours may be more strongly associated with inflammation based on suggestions of increased risk associated with pelvic inflammatory disease and the protective effects associated with antihistamine use, although these results require further confirmation. The main aims of this thesis were to advance our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms and aetiological factors that may be involved in serous ovarian cancer development. Cancer is a complex disease, resulting from a combination of genetic events and influenced by environmental exposures. Therefore, future studies that apply a multidisciplinary approach will be essential to study the plethora of genetic and environmental factors that contribute towards cancer development.


Abstract The gas chromatographic method described here has been developed for the determination of low carbon monoxide concentrations in air and blood. For the determination in expired air, a 4 ml sample is injected in a molecular sieve 13X column, where the CO is separated from the other gases. The CO is then hydrogenated to methane over a nickel catalyst column heated to 290°C, and the methane is determined with a flame ionization detector. The limit of detection is 0.1 ppm CO in a total sample volume of 4 ml. The standard deviation per single determination is 0.04 to 0.08 ppm CO in the CO concentration range 0.2 to 10 ppm. For the determination in blood, the CO is liberated from the HbCO complex with K3[Fe(CN)6], transferred into a molecular sieve 5A column which is cooled in liquid nitrogen, and then swept into the gas chromatographic set-up used for the determination of CO in air. 0.05 % HbCO can still be detected in a 0.1 ml blood sample. The standard deviation per single determination is 0.02 % HbCO for a total of 1 % HbCO in the blood sample.


The conversion of methane into methanol is one of the great challenges in the photocatalysis. In this investigation WO3/TiO2 photocatalysts was synthesized by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) method. The tungsten concentration was studied in the range of 5 to 20 atomic ratio. XRD results revealed a TiO2 anatase phase and WO3 peaks near the background noise. However, WO3 presence has been highlighted by Raman spectroscopy, indicating the existence of both orthorhombic and amorphous phase. The photocatalyst experiments showed that all materials enable the methanol production in UVC irradiation, and only the materials with WO3 content produced the alcohol in white light irradiation. The high conversion was observed for WO3(10)/TiO2(90) with 3.5 mmol h . The conversion of methane to methanol was most promising using WO3(10)/TiO2(90) due high conversion and no other products observed in FTIR spectra.


How will historians and theologians remember the summer of 2020? This article leverages a socio-ethical analysis and response to twenty years of sacralized and sacrificial U S war-culture, and the meaning of this history, given the shifting cultural tectonic plates in the summer of 2020, and intersecting social ills of climate crisis, racism, inequality, and pandemic


The Dihuang 212 was bred from the following procedure: Firstly, a synthetic line breeding group-D group was formed by using 11 local white kernel maize varieties or lines with foreign germplasm as the basic source for self inbred line selection. Secondly, the selection of the group-self inbred line ZiD114 was hybridized with Huangzao 4 and thirdly after 10 generations of selection from the lines derived from the hybridization, Dihuang 212 was the result. The total growing period of the Dihuang 212 is 88~90 days for summer sowing in Tangshan. Generally it's yield is 4 500~5 250 kilograms per hectare. The index for southern leaf blight and northern leaf blight is 0.5~1.0. The ratio of stalk rot is 0%~16.5%, MDMV is 0 and MRDV is O. Totally, 15 hybrids that showed early maturity, high yield and resistance to diseases were bred using Dihuang 212 as one parent. 4 of the varieties have been examined and approved. These hybrids have been planted in great area in Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Henan, Shandong, Liaoning, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang and Xin jiang autonomous region, etc. The total popularized area of the varieties reached over 1,000,000 hectares.


Abstract : Composite films consisting of a flexible acrylate terpolymer substrate and an outer layer of poly (ester-urethane) elastomer were prepared and evaluated for use in cosmetic glove applications. (Author)


Summary Young bulls and one aged bull reacted differently to thiouracil-induced hypothyroidism. Physical symptoms of thyroid deficiency were produced in both the young and aged bull fed thiouracil. Changes in seminal characteristics were observed only in the aged bull, in which an increase in abnormal sperm and dead sperm, as well as a reduction in sperm motility, livability, and concentration occurred. Natural recovery followed about 6 weeks after thiouracil was withdrawn. It was shown that thiouracil did not have a harmful effect upon normal ejaculated sperm and that thyroxine did not stimulate motility and livability of sperm from the hypothyroid bulls.


Through the analysis of the mechanisms of powder mixing pile and plastic drain plank preloding compression method in soft ground treatment,it is concluded that these two methods can be combined according to the requirements on settlement after construction and construction time.Based on the comparison of theoretical analysis and on-site tests of experiment area,the economy,efficiency and maneuverability of the combined method is approved.This paper offers an valuable reference to the design and construction of large area soft ground treatment.


This paper aims at analyzing Godard's (2010) and his political views on European history. This film is divided into three parts like a sonata form. While partsⅠand Ⅲ show the luxury cruise Concordia and its sightseeing tour along coastal cities in the Mediterranean, part Ⅱ talks about Lucy who l...


Service and support model dominated the function of bioinformatics cores: to provide broad range of data analysis services to the faculty labs that do not have such an expertise. It served well in the early days of genomics research that was many fold less demanding compared to today's. However, such a model may not continue to be effective in the current and future biomedical research that involves complex integrative multi-omic data analysis and interpretation. We at The Jackson Laboratory, in the backdrop of the transformation of Computational Sciences (the bioinformatics core) in the recent years, held discussions with the bioinformatics cores at the universities and research institutes, as well as datascience cores in the industry in USA. In these discussions, we paid significant attention to the function and models used and how the collaborative and embedded model could resolve number of challenges such as relationship with faculty labs, scope management, staff recruitment and dealing with the complexity of modern genomics research. However, such a model is rare in the bio-medical academic space, but commonly employed in the datascience cores in the industry where it appeared to bear significant positive results and address major challenges. Hence, we think we reached time which require collaborative and embedded model for bioinformatics cores in the bio-medical academic space too.


In this research was intended to establish the appropriate parameters for the conservation of tropical fruits (mango Tommy Atkins, mamey Cartagena and Hawaiian papaya) using the combined methods of osmodeshidratacion and hot air drying. The problem that was addressed was: How to influence the combined methods of osmodeshidratacion and hot air drying in the conservation of tropical fruits (mango Tommy Atkins, mamey Cartagena and Hawaiian papaya)?. The experimental model allowed the application of a randomized complete block design with two replications AxBxC i.e. twelve treatments with two repetitions giving a total of 24 experimental units; the factors under study were: factor to types of sweeteners (Stevia, sucrose and glucose), factor B concentration of sweetener (60 and 65 °Brix) and C factor temperatures of dehydration (50 and 60 °C), for the separation of average levels of the treatments he turned to the significance test of Tukey (p 005), this data analysis was performed using the statistical package Statgraphics. To determine the effects of the different treatments the following variables were evaluated: pH, °Brix, humidity, ashes, molds and yeast, total coliforms and sensory analysis (smell, color, flavor and texture) and the results indicate that stevia*60°Brix*50°C generated a better conservation of fruits, prolongs its life in shelf during approximately 6 months at room temperature and maintaining the microbial safety; the evaluation of the Treatments concluded that if there was a relationship between the study variables.

Key words: Concentration, sweeteners, yeast, total coliforms, °brix.


In order to improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of sucker rod surface, Ni-based self-lubricating composite coating with Y2O3 was successfully prepared on 35CrMo steel substrate by high frequency induction heating cladding technology. The coating structure is uniform and dense, and there are no obvious defects such as pores and cracks. The microstructure of the coating layer was studied by means of metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer. The hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating layer were tested by microhardness testers, friction and wear testers and electrochemical workstations. The results show that the main phases of the composite coating are γ- (Ni, Fe), Ni3Fe, CrB, TiC and Cr23C6. When the addition amount of Y2O3 is 2%, the average microhardness of the composite coating is the highest, which is 805.1 HV0.2; under the same wear conditions, the wear resistance of 2% Y2O3 composite coating is the best. The average friction coefficient and wear loss are reduced by 16.27% and 20.35% respectively compared with the composite coating without rare earth, and 37.55% and 48.02% respectively compared with the substrate. The wear mechanism of the composite coating is mainly severe adhesive wear, and there is a small amount of oxidation wear. With the increase of Y2O3 content, the self-corrosion potential of the composite coating fluctuates in a small range, and its self-corrosion current density decreases first and then increases. The self-corrosion potential of the composite coating containing 2% Y2O3 is more positive (–0.4316 V), and the self-corrosion current density is the smallest (3.9579 µA · cm−2), and its corrosion resistance is the best.


The teaching of programming and its basic concepts, even to students with disabilities, has a crucial influence on the development of their cognitive functions and blends class lessons with real life. This chapter describes two activities with educational robotics, performed at a school for special needs. In the activities, the students with physical disabilities could nicely operate a wheelchair without bumping into the classmates and dance with moving hands powerfully while expressing the images of the songs; those with intellectual disabilities could learn words describing directions like right, left, go, and back and clarify how many steps the robot could take to reach the destination. These two classes with education robotics provided them with joyful and skillful activities that were quite different to the daily lessons in the existing subjects, and they would benefit from the opportunity to learn additional life skills that are highly applicable to living within society.


The authors criticize a Maine spending limit initiative that is based on Colorado's Taxpayer Bill of Rights. The Maine limit proposal does not fix the greatest problems with Colorado's spending limit - its rachet effect - the authors say. The population-plus-inflation formula for allowing spending increases is too restrictive, the authors say.


Triazole fungicides are being widely utilized globally in the present agribusiness, however in different volumes. Although improvement is important for crops, there are severe environmental, health and safety issues associated with aquatic living biomes that integrate people and creatures. Various antagonistic effects on durability, growth and organic structures are affected by pesticides and their processing. In order to present the biosafety and toxicological highlights of poisons by hazard assessment considerations using various creature models and fish organisms, a few inspection efforts have been made. In general, propiconazole is utilized among a few fungicides in farming and families and the detailed convergences of this pesticide are terrible in different water bodies such as waterways and streams, soil and even in rainwater. As in need, PCZ is reflected for hazard appraisal studies to consider profound and diverse degree of toxicological impacts subject to portion, presentation time and course. The PCZ constancy in nature is acting as a severe hazard to people as another non-target earthly and amphibian life form. Thus, the poisonous impacts of fungicides with unusual reference to PCZ on fish, the mode of toxicity concerns on the general wellbeing and harmful effects on individuals are methodically surveyed. The data are given on their appropriate control and counteraction plans. The motivation behind this distribution was subsequently to investigate the various poisonous effects of introduction of triazole. In addition, it incorporates ATPase action and ionic guideline to layout activities for surveying the degree of accurate existence of harmful effects of PCZ poisonousness of freshwater.


A rapid and simple method for the analysis of pentaborane is based on its abtiity to react quantitatively with ethyl alcohol with the isolation of hydrogen and formation of B(OC/sub 2/H/sub 5/)/sub 3/; the latter is easily hydrolyzed with water to boric acid. (auth)


2 Abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of salicylic acid in Marfona potato cultivar (Solanum tuberosum L.) for reducing the pathogenesis of Rizoctonia solani in potato tubers under greenhouse conditions. The pots sterilized soils had been infected by R. solani (21B1 strain) two weeks before transplanting the potato plantlets. The seedlings were treated with 0 (control), 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mM of salicylic acid every week. The results showed that treatment with 0.2 mM salicylic acid resulted in 73% reduction in the infection symptoms on the potato tubers (sclerotia). Moreover, the intensity of infection symptoms were further reduced by an increase in the concentration of salicylic acid. The least infection was observed when 0.5 mM salicylic acid was applied. The results also showed that the number of potato tubers was increased by the application of 2 mM salicylic acid to plants that had been infected with fungi. Base of the results obtained, the application of 0.2 - 0.5 mM salicylic acid resulted in the reduction of tuber losses caused by Rizoctonia fungi.


Drug demand reduction in central European countries: analysing the institutional and organizational responses, Patrick Kenis. Part 1 Country Studies: The drug problem in the Czech Republic - in search of an institutional structure, Ladislav Csemy and Frantioek David Krch Drug demand reduction in Hungary - the two worlds of prevalence and perception, Zsuzsanna Elekes and Tunde Gyory Institutional responses to drug problems in Poland - on the crossroad, Robert Sobiech and Joanna Zamecka The institutional response to drug-related problems in Slovenia - balancing between harm reduction and abstinence approaches, Bojan Dekleva and Renata Cvelbar Bek. Part 2 Comparative Analysis: What are the interrelationships between drug problems and drug policy - lessons from the analysis of the institutional context, Ladislav Csemy and Zsuzsanna Elekes The perception of the drug problem and opinions on national policies - can we think beyond borders?, Tunde Gyogy and Robert Sobiech The division of labour between NGOs and governmental organizations, Renata Cvelbar Bek and Frantioek David Krch Are the differences in attitudes towards drugs related to different demand reduction structures and services?, Bojan Dekleva and Joanna Zamecka Networks in drug demand reduction policy and practice, Patrick Kenis and Stefan Loos Drug demand reduction institutions inventory sheet.


Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a common management strategy for conserving marine resources, but it can be challenging to evaluate their effectiveness for meeting management objectives. Measuring the effectiveness of MPAs is particularly challenging in dynamic and changing environments where other management approaches are simultaneously implemented. Before–after–control–impact (BACI) analysis is a tool that offers a simple and robust design for evaluating complex effects. However, design and interpretation of a BACI analysis is not always straightforward. The goal of this study was to explore the potential for BACI to evaluate MPA performance in a system simultaneously impacted by other management measures and environmental change. We develop a typology of interpretations of BACI results based on the main and interaction effects of the model, categorized by the extent to which dynamics inside and outside of the MPA are independent. Furthermore, we examine how decisions about the spatial and temporal design of the study, and the focal species and response variables, can determine which outcomes from within the typology are evident through BACI applications to New England groundfish area closures. We identify strengths and limitations of the BACI approach and demonstrate that BACI is a valuable but imperfect tool for evaluating MPAs.


Numerous links exist between manuscripts that belonged to the Paduan philosopher Nicola Leonico Tomeo and the editions published by Aldus Manutius and his heirs. This article investigates the case of MS Paris, BNF, Greek 2764. As is demonstrated by discreet markings made with dry point, MS 2764 provided the copy-text for the edition of the Orphic Lithica published by Gian Francesco d'Asola in 1517. It was also used for the first edition of Colluthus, prepared by Aldus Manutius in 1504. Contrary to what might be thought on the basis of both marginal branches and a dedication to a woman named Fosca, MS 2764 was not copied by Tomeo. Tomeo was only the owner and annotator of the MS. It was, in fact, written by a copyist belonging to Tomeo's circle who imitated his master's marginalia in order to pay tribute to him. Three copies of the Orphic Lithica produced around that time by Zacharias Callierges enable us to identify the scribe's circle. Further analysis of MS 2764 shows that the marginalia so far ascribed to Tomeo were in fact quite common in his circle. Two appendices to the article aim at offering a glimpse of Tomeo's rich library. The first one lists and describes 12 manuscripts (now in the BnF) that were copied by Tomeo. It also tries to identify three different writing styles and to differentiate the folios that were copied by Tomeo himself from those that were written by collaborators using a very similar style of writing. The second appendix lists 16 manuscripts (also preserved in the BnF) that were annotated by Tomeo.


Parkinson's Disease (PD) is generally considered a movement disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), most notably in the substantia nigra. The pathogenesis of the neuronal degeneration is not completely understood but is characterized by abnormal protein deposits forming characteristic neuronal inclusions, which are visible by light microscopy of autopsy samples, and termed Lewy bodies. -Synuclein is one of the proteins found in these inclusions and has attracted interest because mutations of the gene encoding for this protein are found in familiar cases of PD. Most of the disability associated with PD is indeed the result of this CNS defect, and the treatment is aimed at increasing dopamine levels in the CNS, while avoiding as much as possible an increase in the periphery. Less widely recognized is the fact that orthostatic hypotension can occur in PD patients and can become symptomatic and disabling in a significant proportion of patients. The incidence of documented orthostatic hypotension in PD, in community-based studies, ranges from 10% to 40%. Orthostatic hypotension in PD is commonly attributed to the known adverse effects of dopaminergic drugs. However, over the last decade there is growing evidence that peripheral nerves, particularly autonomic neurons, are also involved in PD. Lewy body inclusions, containing -synuclein, have been found in peripheral autonomic neurons in autopsy cases of otherwise classic PD.1 Microscopically, eosinophilic ubiquitinand -synuclein–positive Lewy Bodies and Lewy neurites are not only found in the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus but also are widespread in ganglions cells and axons of the paravertebral sympathetic chain, prevertebral mesenteric, and stellate ganglia. Furthermore, many studies have shown that patients with otherwise classic PD have at least partial loss of noradrenergic neurons innervating the heart, as evidenced by decrease uptake of I-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine and fluorine-labeled dopamine.2 Although there is currently little doubt that sympathetic impairment occurs in PD patients, the incidence of autonomic involvement in PD and its contribution to orthostatic hypotension have not been systematically explored. In this context, Barbic et al3 report in this issue of Hypertension that PD patients have measurable impairment of sympathetic vascular modulation, as determined by a reduction in the power of low-frequency variability of blood pressure. These patients had an average duration of disease of 7.5 years but had otherwise mild disease, and, importantly, they included a group of patients who had no clinical evidence of orthostatic hypotension. In these patients, the main defect was an absence of the expected increase in low-frequency variability of blood pressure, an indicator of sympathetic modulation of vascular tone, in response to upright tilt. A limitation in this study, acknowledged by the authors, is that the patients were being treated with dopaminergic agents. It is doubtful, however, that this explains the abnormalities observed. Withdrawal of dopaminergic agents in PD carries significant risks and limits the use of this approach in research. These results provide additional evidence supporting the concept that PD, in addition to central degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, is also characterized by peripheral degeneration of autonomic nerves involved in cardiovascular regulation. Anecdotal reports indicate that these abnormalities can be seen very early in the disease, but the incidence of subclinical autonomic abnormalities has not been determined. Cardiac imaging of sympathetic neurons using fluorodopamine and metaiodobenzylguanidine uptake are advocated as sensitive methods to diagnose early cardiac sympathetic denervation, but this approach requires imaging techniques that are expensive, available mostly in research institutions, and difficult to apply to large numbers of patients. The study by Barbic et al3 raises the possibility that spectral analysis may provide a research tool to determine the incidence of autonomic abnormalities in early PD. There are, however, limitations to spectral analysis of heart rate and blood pressure, as with any other research technique. It is now widely accepted that high-frequency variability of heart rate reflects parasympathetic modulation of sinus node function, and low-frequency variability of blood pressure reflects sympathetic modulation of vascular tone. Studies inducing autonomic withdrawal with ganglionic blockade and observations in patients with different forms of autonomic failure have demonstrated the validity of these indices.4 Barbic et al3 found a decrease in both parameters, suggesting impairment of both sympathetic and parasympathetic function, consistent with an autonomic neuronopathy in these patients. High-frequency variability of heart rate in PD patients was half that of controls. This biologically important difference did not reach statistical significance most likely The opinions expressed in this editorial are not necessarily those of the editors or of the American Heart Association. From the Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, and the Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn. Correspondence to Italo Biaggioni, 1500 21st Avenue South, Suite 3500, Clinical Trials Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212. E-mail firstname.lastname@example.com (Hypertension. 2007;49:21-22.) © 2006 American Heart Association, Inc.


Abstract : Palytoxin (PaTX) produced by coelenterate species (genus Palythoa) is a potent marine toxin which induces intense vasoconstriction and hemorrhage which contribute to lethality. The A7r5 clonal cell line, derived from fetal rat aorta, was used to study the mechanism of PaTX toxicity. A7r5 cells exposed to nM concentrations of PaTX for 15 min at room temperature followed by wash and incubation in culture medium at 37 dec C (> or = 30 min) developed swelling of endoplasmic reticulum, clumping of cytoplasm, blebbing and shrinking of heterochromatin. These cells were nonviable as confirmed by inclusion of trypan blue and release of LDH. The ED50 for PaTX cytotoxicity was 7.1 nM using the vital dye exclusion and 4.1 nM for LDH release. Whole-cell Patch clamp recordings from single A7r5 cells showed that PaTX (3-10 nM, 25 deg C, 15 min) depolarized cells and increased membrane conductance to Na(+) and K(+) > 5-fold. Neither the PaTX-induced cytotoxicity nor the increased ionic permeability could be reversed by washing. However, prior incubation of cells with ouabain (10-4M) or replacement of extracellular Na(+) with choline(+) or K(+) after exposure to PaTX did reduce the cytoxicity. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ reduced PaTX- induced cytotoxicity, but treatment with 10 to 50 uM verapamil did not, indicating that voltage-gated calcium channels were not involved. The mechanism of PaTX cytotoxicity in A7r5 cells seems to involve intracellular Na(+) overload and can be duplicated by other Na(+) ionophores such as nystatin. In light of the involvement of smooth muscle in PaTX poisoning, A7r5 cells could serve as a useful model to test specific drugs for protection against PaTX acute and delayed toxicity.


This paper develops an option-theoretic model of a retail lease. The standard retail lease contains provisions for a security deposit, a base rent, and a percentage rent or a sharing between landlord and tenant of rent revenue above a preset sales threshold or break point level. The findings show that the tradeoff between the security deposit and base rent provisions is independent of percentage rent. The function of the security deposit and percentage rent is to sort separate tails of the distribution of tenants and landlords. Low-quality tenants are charged higher security deposits or are sorted from other tenants by their inability to pay them. High-quality tenants use percentage rent provisions as a method of distinguishing between landlords. Landlords who maintain capital expenditures and who have financial staying power are more likely to collect percentage rent.


For direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of wideband signals, the traditional algorithms' estimating accuracy and complexity were mainly affected by pre-estimation of DOA. By forming an angle set which elements were arithmetic progressions in the range of possible arriving angles, the algorithm used the new angle vector to replace the preliminary estimation of arriving angles. It can avoid the impact of pre-estimation bias on performance of DOA estimation and greatly reduce the amount of computation and the consumed time for DOA estimation to favor the real-time application of wideband DOA estimation. The simulation results showed that the proposed algorithm was able to provide significant performance improvement over the conventional algorithm.


By using Total Routhian Surface (TRS) method the deformation of the nucleus 160Yb is studied. The result shows that the triaxial superdeformed state exists with deformation parameters ∊2 = 0.38 and γ = 21°, where proton shell correction energy plays a key role, and the sum of two quasi-proton particle energies gives an additional driving effect. The rotational energy also has an additional role in the formation of triaxial superdeformed.


Abstract. Indoor positioning systems have been gaining traction in recent years, and visible light positioning (VLP) may be the most promising technology. We propose an indoor VLP method based on three light-emitting diodes and an image sensor. We regard the lamp plane composed of three lamps as a rigid body and the process of lamp plane imaging as the process of rotating and scaling the rigid body. By solving the matrix transformation, the two-dimensional (2-D) coordinates and azimuth angle of the image sensor are obtained with the focal length of the image sensor unknown. Azimuth angle plays an important role in other positioning methods, such as pedestrian navigation methods. The experimental results show that the 2-D positioning maximum error is only 3.21 cm in the horizontal condition, and the azimuth angle error is within 5 deg when the tilt angle is <7  deg.


Computer generated information displays provide a promising technology for offsetting the increasing complexity of the National Airspace System. To realize this promise, however, we must extend and adapt the domain-dependent knowledge that informally guides the design of traditional dedicated displays. In our view, the successful exploitation of computer generated displays revolves around the idea of information management, that is, the identification, organization, and presentation of relevant and timely information in a complex task environment. The program of research that is described leads to methods and principles for information management in the domain of commercial aviation. The multi-year objective of the proposed program of research is to develop methods and principles for determining task dependent interface content.


We suggest a recipe for calculating the time taken by a particle to tunnel out from an initially localized state in one of the wells of symmetrical double-well potential into the other well. We calculate average velocity 〈v〉 of the tunneling particle by solving the Schrodinger equation numerically for Ψ(x, t), then estimating 〈v(t)〉 = (d/dt)〈x(t)〉 and time-averaging it. The time taken to tunnel is measured by calculating τav = l0/〈v〉 where l0 is an idealized estimate of the barrier width. We suggest an approximate partitioning of τav into an intrinsic decay time (τd) and a barrier crossing time (τb), τd being obtained from energy spread of the packet. τav − τd is shown to be close to the Wentzel-Brillouin-Kramers estimate of barrier crossing time τsc. The response of τav to an external driving field and nonzero temperatures are tested. We also apply the method to a purely barrier penetration problem as well as to the problem of tunneling through a fluctuating barrier. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003


Mean¿Median (MEM) filters, based on two¿ component mixture distributions, are recently proposed [1]. The MEM filter output is a combination of the sample mean and the sample median, where observation samples are weighted uniformly. This property of MEM filters constrains them to the class of smoothers. This paper extends MEM filtering to the Weighted Sum¿Median (WSM) filtering structure admitting real¿valued weights, thereby enabling more general filtering characteristics. The proposed filter structure is also well¿motivated from a presented maximum likelihood (ML) estimate analysis under ¿¿contaminated statistics. The combination parameter ¿ is optimized to minimize the filter output variance, which is a measure of noise attenuation capability. Moreover, filter design procedures that yield a desired spectral response are detailed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed WSM filter structure is shown through simulations.


A current sensing IGBT structure has been investigated in order to reduce collector-emitter voltage dependence of the sensing current ratio to the main IGBT current for short-circuit over-current protection. The operation physics of the current sensing IGBT during short-circuit was analyzed by numerical simulation and experimental results of the improved performance of the current sensing IGBT are presented.


Mulberry is a perennial and broadleaf woody plant. Mulberry trees have long been cultivated for silkworm rearing. In recent years, the roles of mulberry trees in the prevention and control of desertification, water and soil conservation, saline-land management and returning the grain plots to forestry have been identified. Meanwhile, multi–usage of mulberry as forage for livestock, for fruit and tea preparation has been gradually explored. Therefore, an innovation occurred in the mulberry industry. This article introduces the ecological and economic values of mulberry trees, the applications of mulberry and the development of mulberry industry in Kg. Tudan, Tuaran, Sabah, Malaysia for the community's sustainable livelihoods. This article examines case study of a Knowledge Transfer Programme (KTP) project that employed a sustainable livelihoods approach in which there were measurable effects of poverty reduction. Results are based on a desk study and interviews undertaken at Kg. Tudan in Tuaran, Sabah, Malaysia. The results show that the KTP project in Tudan demonstrated evidence of increases in all five forms of assets: 1) Human asset development; 2) Social assets; 3) Financial assets; 4) Physical assets; and 5) Natural assets.


The $p$-wave contribution to the positron-hydrogen annihilation rate, in terms of ${Z}_{\mathrm{eff}}$, is corrected from a previous calculation of the authors, thereby removing the discrepancy with later calculations of Chan and McEachran. The present results should be the most accurate available. This opportunity is taken to give thermally averaged positron-hydrogen annihilation coefficients $\overline{Z}(T)$, which are of use in the analysis of solar-flare observations of the positron-electron annihilation line. For reference and experimental purposes we also present curves of the integrated elastic and momentum-transfer (i.e., diffusion) cross sections, as well as effective cross sections which account for the finite acceptance angle of the detector.


This paper presents computer experiments studies interaction of radiation (ions Xe++ gas with keV energy) with crystal lattice of "SiC/metal" substrate. Properties of substrate are altered due to porosity and stresses formation into thin layers covering silicon carbide as a result of inert gas flux penetration. First, the stochastic model of non-equilibrium phase transitions (or nucleation of defects) in nanomaterials is presented. Behavior of gaseous bubbles in thin layers are tested and corresponding details computer modeling are discussed. Secondly, the analytical models of Gibbs free energy implanted microdefects as well as their Brownian motion in long-range potentials of indirect interaction between gaseous bubbles into lattice through acoustic phonons are concretized. These models predict stress from gas penetration as a result of damaging in form of gaseous bubbles (named here "blisters"). New emphasis is on numerical modeling includes stochastic model clustering of defects as the diffusion of Markov processes. Finally, the mechanism of porosity formation in materials such as silicon carbide can be accounted as the ways to improve solidity and fracture toughness and hardening of materials.


Saint Catherine of Genoa (Caterinetta Fieschi Adorno, 1447-1510) is so often studied for her teachings on purgatory that she is sometimes called its "great theorist."' For Catherine, however, purgatory was more than a doctrine. As her vita reveals, it was also a metaphor for her daily life: "She saw the condition of the souls in purgatory in the mirror of her humanity and of her mind, and therefore spoke of it so clearly. She seemed to stand on a wall separating this life from the other, that she might relate in one what she saw suffered in the other."2 In her daily life, purgatory appeared as an enmity between her spirit and her flesh, an enmity so strong that it made her physically ill: "When the spirit found itself obliged to yield somewhat to humanity," the vita records, "if it had not been restrained by a divine power, it would have reduced that body to dust, to obtain the liberty to be entirely occupied with itself; and the body, on its side, would rather have endured a thousand deaths than suffer so much oppression of the spirit" (ch. 38). Because this conflict kept her bedridden for several years before her death, it is fitting to say that Catherine underwent purgation in this life rather than in the next. Beyond its importance for theology, the purgatorial aspect of her life takes on renewed relevance for contemporary literary and cultural criticism when it is read as a borderlands metaphor. This particular reading stems from a juxtaposition of two wellknown texts. The first is the apostle Peter's metaphor of the church as a holy nation (1 Peter 2:9). This metaphor, taken from the Hebrew scriptures (Exod. 19:6), recalls Jesus' teachings that his followers are a city set on a hill (Matt. 5:14) and are no longer "of the world (John 15:19). It therefore implies that every believer lives within two kingdoms simultaneously: the kingdom of God and the kingdom of the world (which in this paper will also be called the kingdoms of heaven and of earth). The second text is Gloria Anzaldua's book Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestizo, in which she notes, "the psychological borderlands, the sexual borderlands and the spiritual borderlands ... are physically present wherever two or more cultures edge each other." Anzaldua is especially interested in how people within border regions maintain their "shifting and multiple identity and integrity" in the face of cultures that long "to uphold the old, to rejoin the flock, to go with the herd." Because the "confluent streams" present in the borderlands create a unique experience of consciousness, the border resident is truly a new kind of human being. Applying Anzaldua's definition to Peter's metaphor, Christian faith is a borderland in which the kingdoms of God and of the world edge each other within the life of the individual. Insofar as the conflict between Catherine's soul and body represents the simultaneous presence of the kingdom of God and the kingdom of the world, her life can be read as a border region. Although the borderlands metaphor is useful for reading Catherine's life, it is not necessary to explicate Catherine strictly in terms of Anzaldua. Catherine's experiences do reveal the borderlands to be, as Anzaldua described, psychological, sexual and spiritual, but it should not be assumed that they can be made to "fit" into Anzaldua's framework. Since religious and ethnic identities function differently in the world, the religious and ethnic borderlands will have different characteristics. For example, Anzaldua's definition of a borderland as a place "where people of different races occupy the same territory" will need to be reinterpreted within a religious context, since the notion of race becomes complicated when applied to religious communities. Although Peter defines the Christian community as the heavenly "race," it is a race composed solely of naturalized citizens, of individuals (not families) who have converted by rejecting the culture in which they still live, seeking foreign citizenship without leaving their native land, and who spend all their lives learning how to be citizens of their new homeland. …


This doctoral thesis deals with the type of architecture that materializes when age-related problems become a long-term condition (LTC) and gradually restrain the individual's ability to perform ac ...


Two possible physical mechanisms of superconductivity suppression at superconductor/antiferromagnet (S/AF) interfaces, which work even for interfaces with compensated antiferromagnets, were reported. One of them suggests that the Neel order of the AF induces rapidly oscillating spin-triplet correlations in the S layer. They are called Neel triplets, and they suppress singlet superconductivity. Nonmagnetic disorder destroys this type of triplet correlations. As a result, the critical temperature of the S/AF bilayer grows with impurity strength. The second mechanism, on the contrary, suggests that nonmagnetic impurity scattering suppresses superconductivity in S/AF hybrids. The predictions were made in the framework of two different quasiclassical approaches [G. A. Bobkov et al. Phys. Rev. B 106, 144512 (2022) and E. H. Fyhn et al. arXiv:2210.09325]. Here we suggest the unified theory of the proximity effect in thin-film S/AF structures, which incorporates both pictures as limiting cases, and we study the proximity effect at S/AF interfaces for arbitrary impurity strength, chemical potential, and the value of the Neel exchange field.


Transition experimentally observed during flow establishment in smooth straight pipe; turbulence originated as spots; downstream face of turbulent spots was transported with centerline velocity of preceding laminar flow; turbulent spot formation was in qualitative agreement with Tollmein-Schlichting theory of small disturbances.


Nowadays a large and growing amount of information is stored in various multimedia formats, such as images, video, audio.. While much research has been undertaken into the efficient storage, access, usage and retrieval of textual information, this is still under developed for multimedia information. In order for multimedia information to be efficiently utilised it is very important to add suitable annotations.


Abstract Variation between samples of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), and between mortalities from some factors, on potato, were determined in long-term study plots at Merivale, Ontario. For each of six age intervals (spring adults; egg masses; larvae, Periods 1 and 2; pupal cells; and summer adults), inter-hill variance was the major source of sampling variance. Intra-hill and block differences were rarely significant. The most appropriate sample unit for the above-ground stages was the potato stalk and for pupal cells, the soil quadrant. Optimum allocation procedures indicated that not more than one sample unit per hill need be taken for the immature stages. For adults, the whole hill should be sampled. To estimate population means with acceptable limits of precision (10% standard error), it is recommended that 50 to 200 hills be sampled for the various age intervals.