The article deals with the role of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in protecting the right to social security. There is the analysis of the case law of the ECtHR on the violation of the right to social security, namely the right to receive a pension, which the ECtHR classifies as property rights. The authors have outlined the ways to improve the practice of the ECtHR in this area in modern national and world socio-economic conditions. According to available estimates, around 50 per cent of the global population has access to some form of social security, while only 20 per cent enjoy adequate social security coverage. Ensuring an ap-propriate mechanism for the protection of human and civil rights is a priority for every country. However, according to case law, the number of complaints of violations or non-recognition of their rights is growing every year. An important role in the protection of human rights in today's conditions is played by an international judicial body - the European Court of Human Rights. In Ukraine, where socio-economic rights are recognized at the constitutional level, their guarantee content in the current laws is still not clearly defined, and therefore, as evidenced by the practice of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, legal mechanisms their protection, in particular the means of judicial control remain ineffective. The right to social security is the right to access and retention of benefits, both in cash and in kind, without discrimination in order to protect, in particular, against (a) lack of income from work caused by illness, disability, maternity, occupational injuries , unemployment, old age or death of a family member; (b) inaccessible access to medical care; (c) insufficient family support, especially for children and adult dependents. It is well known that the European Convention does not contain many socio-economic rights as such (with a few exceptions - protection of property and the right to education). Thus , the former president of the ECtHR Jean-Paul Costa specifically pointed to another important European human rights treaty – the European Social Charter. Human rights are a universal value, and their protection is the task of every state. The European Court of Human Rights plays an important role in protecting human rights in modern conditions. The functioning of such an international judicial institution can not only solve a problem of protection of violated rights, but also affect the development of the judicial system of each state. The main principle of realization and judicial protection of social rights is non-discrimination on the grounds of sex, age, race, national and social origin of the individual, and the role of auxiliary institutions of the Council of Europe in generalizing and improving the ECtHR's activity has been emphasized.


1x2 and 2x2 optical waveguide directional couplers were fabricated in a silica glass sample by a femtosecond laser and characterized at the wavelength of 1.5 μm. The coupling coefficient was determined by systematically writing series of 1x2 directional couplers. After the process and design optimization, the two types of waveguide directional couplers successfully achieved the coupling ratio of about 3.0 dB with the average IL and PDL 6.55 ± 0.25 dB and 0.28 ± 0.12 dB respectively. The multi-scan writing technique with inter-scan shifts was used to reshape the magnitude and profile of the refractive index change so that excess loss of S bends and the PDL for such couplers were substantially reduced.


Although its efficiency is lower than that of other fans, disk fan has an obvious advantage of lower aerodynamic noise, and is suitable for air conditioning. Based on its features, the flow status of air upon the rotating disk was studied. In the case that the flow type is of cylindrically symmetry, the thickness of airstream layer driven by rotating disk was discussed with the method of dimension analysis. An actual disk fan was investigated with the result of analysis, the data was measured for the three different disk gaps in the case of the same other run conditions. The disk gap measured at the maximum air volume is identical with the result of analysis.


Despite their isostructural similarity to graphene, large‐scale preparation of hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (hBNNs) has been challenging, mainly due to their strong interlayer interactions initiated by the electronegativity difference in their elemental components. In this study, a large‐scale synthesis of hBNNs via a ball milling (BM) technique is reported. The hBN exfoliation was optimized by analyzing the effect of the ball milling process parameters (ball to powder ratio, speed, and time) on the quality and yield of hBNNs. hBNNs prepared at the optimum milling conditions (10:1 ball to powder ratio, 250 rpm rotation speed, and 1.5 hours) were examined in terms of yield, stability, structure, and surface chemistry. The yield of hBNNs was significantly high and reached 38% and 60% at 30 minutes and 4.5 hours milling times, respectively. hBNNs prepared at the optimum milling conditions were utilized to fabricate thermally conductive linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) nanocomposites. The ultimate application of these nanocomposites is replacing metal evaporators in multi‐effect distillation desalination. Therefore, it is a prerequisite to have high thermal conductivity and is essential to have enhanced mechanical durability, thermal stability, and wettability. Thus, the performance of these nanocomposites and conventional composites containing bulk hBN were analyzed in terms of processability, thermal conductivity (κ), and mechanical properties. Finally, a mitigation method to alleviate BM‐induced defects and amorphizations was proposed and investigated. This treatment was essential in alleviating hBNNs defects and enhancing the thermo‐mechanical properties of LLDPE nanocomposites, making them excellent candidates for heat exchanger applications.


The present invention at least one camera in communication with a wearable device including a communication unit receiving at least one image by the camera, the readability of a plurality of letters from the light emitting portion and said image comprising at least one light emitting device medium or detecting at least a video object containing a single color, and relates to a lighting system comprising a control unit for controlling the light emitting unit based on the readable medium or the video.


The present invention relates to a method for the production of hyperpolarized 129Xe and to a method for the production of a contrast agent.


With the development of science and technology, gas sensors have gradually expanded to many vertical fields. However, each application requires different technical requirements for gas sensors, such as low cost, small size, high sensitivity, high precision, and low power consumption. To create gas sensors that meet the performance requirements, researchers worldwide are working on solutions in fields such as sensitive materials, sensor arrays, and interface circuits. However, there are bottlenecks in the research of interface circuits, which limits the volume, power consumption, and intelligent design development of gas sensors. Therefore, this article reviews various types of gas sensors and interface circuits implemented with different technologies, analyzes their research significance in various areas, and provides ideas for future gas sensor research directions.


To design reliable wireless connections for the Internet of Things (IoT) and fifth-generation (5G) systems, radio wave propagation simulations and site surveys at customer identified locations will need to be conducted to determine the installation locations and number of wireless base stations in accordance with environmental conditions. We propose here a throughput estimation method using a cube antenna device that can acquire radio waves from all directions. Wi-Fi site surveys in an apartment building and a shopping mall have shown that throughput prediction can be improved by adding more beacon detections related to the direction of arrival of radio waves than are used with the conventional method of estimating throughput using linear approximation from a received signal strength indicator (RSSI).


Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) D.C., Myrtaceae, known as "pedra-ume-caá", is popularly used in the treatment of inflammation, infections, fever, flu, diabetes, and diarrhea. This study aimed to carry out a comparative study of the chemical composition of volatile oil from E. punicifolia leaves collected in Goiás and Minas Gerais, as well as to evaluate the larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti L3 larvae, the antimicrobial activity against bacteria, pathogenic fungi, and environmental, and cytotoxic activity to Balb 3T3 cells (murine fibroblasts). Volatile oils were obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry (CG/MS). A total of 60 compounds were identified, the main components found in the leaves of Goiás being Germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene and β-longipenene and in the leaves collected in Minas Gerais they were (Z)-caryophyllene, γ-cadinene, spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide, and α-cadinol. The larvicidal effect was moderate against Ae. aegypti, with LC50 of 85.53 µg / mL for samples from Goiás and LC50 of 91.52 µg / mL for samples from Minas Gerais. Both oils showed moderate bactericidal activity against K. rhiziphyla (ATCC 9341), M. luteus (ATCC 10240), and S. aureus (ATCC 29737). The oils from Goiás (IC50 706.7 µg / mL) and Minas Gerais (IC50 160.7 µg / mL) had a lower cytotoxic concentration than the toxic action for larvae and bacteria, evidencing a safety profile and an interesting therapeutic potential, mainly concerning to volatile oil from Goiás. Therefore, the volatile oils from E. punicifolia leaves collected in Goiás and Minas Gerais that presented moderate larvicidal activity for Ae. aegypti also presented a bactericide activity and less cytotoxicity against murine fibroblasts. This is the first study of the larvicidal, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of volatile oils from E. punicifolia leaves.


Children who are diagnosed with type 1 diabetes need to learn about diabetes and self-management in a short period of time. A large problem in the support of this process is that health institutions cannot provide help at any given moment in the child. While digital interventions may address this issue by providing help online, this help is general and not tailored to the individual. Also, actual usage of diabetes interventions has shown to be either low or quickly decreasing. The PAL project addresses these issues by providing an application with personalised communication and content. This study evaluated the current PAL application during a prolonged period of time with children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. The main goals were to identify trends and possible predictors for both system usage and diabetes knowledge development. Three main trends were found in the system usage in which the majority of the users showed an overall low usage or quickly decreasing usage. The results do not allow us to explore possible system usage and knowledge development predictors. They do however provide a solid baseline for further versions of the system in which the personalisation is further implemented. Recommendations for the PAL system are made.


Many companies use additional personnel (group of divers) to determine the technical condition of propellers. This research will help to find the most effective method of machine learning, and the development on its basis will not only reduce the cost of technical diagnostics, but also accelerate the process itself due to autonomous underwater vehicle, thereby giving the opportunity to eliminate the need for human labor.


With ten years of experimental reform of the new physical education curriculum,the Ministry of Education published "Physical Education and Health Curriculum Standard in Compulsory Education" in 2011.Compared with the experimental version,the differences in the new standard is the most concerned study among all physical education workers.So,after detailed comparing the revised version with the experimental version,the author made the following comments on the main differences.


After blank making process was changed from loose tooling forging into hot extrusion and with the improvement of its mould design after repeated tests, a good result was produced. The part service life was increased and material was saved.


Conventional delta-sigma analog-to-digital converters (/spl Delta//spl Sigma/ADC's) are widely used in low-bandwidth applications such as high-fidelity audio processing because they offer high-precision conversion yet are amenable to implementation using fine-line VLSI processes optimized for digital circuitry. However, their oversampling requirement so far has prevented their widespread application to higher bandwidth applications such as video processing. This paper extends a recently developed delta-sigma ADC architecture called the pi-delta-sigma ADC (/spl Pi//spl Delta//spl Sigma/ADC) that consists of multiple /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulator channels operating in parallel without time-interleaving. The extension developed in this paper allows for oversampling to be combined with parallelism such that an M-channel system with an oversampling ratio of N can achieve a conversion performance close to that of a conventional /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ADC with an oversampling ratio of M/spl times/N. Thus, for a given conversion precision, the architecture offers relaxed oversampling relative to conventional /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ADCs in return for increased analog circuit area. Moreover, as will be shown, the /spl Pi//spl Delta//spl Sigma/ADC retains much of the robustness of conventional /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ADC's with respect to nonideal circuit behavior.


This paper deals with the problems of robust stabilization and robustH1 control of uncertain linear stochastic systems with multiplicative Brownian noise and Markovian switching. The system coefficients have norm-bounded uncertainties with Markovian switching. In addition, the mode transition rate matrix is assumed to have an interval uncertainty. We give sufficient conditions for the solvability of these two problems in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs).


This article compares two algorithms that compute values of the sine and cosine functions using analytic geometry and the unit circle definition of sine and cosine. One algorithm uses chords on the circle and the other uses tangents.


Optimization techniques are perquisite in solving multi-dimensional, higher order and multivariable problem formulations. They can be used to solve problems in various fields such as mathematics, engineering, sciences and medicine. In electric power system engineering, optimization problems normally dealt with multi-variables, quadratic, non-convex and involved many constraints. Amongst the popular optimization techniques are such as; tabu search, genetic algorithm (GA), evolutionary programming (EP), ant colony optimization (ACO), artificial immune system (AIS) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The trend these days is going towards EP, PSO, ACO and GA. However, any of these techniques are not accurate for all cases; in which generalization cannot be made with regards to a particular optimization technique. This paper presents ACO technique for optimizing the size for transformer tap changer setting (OTTCS) in a power transmission network which aims to improve voltage stability condition or loss minimization in the system. ACO is a new cooperative agent's approach, which was inspired by the observation of the behaviours of real ant colonies on the topics of ant trial formation and foraging method. The set of cooperating agents called "ant" cooperate to find the optimal point of OTTCS. The essence of original ACO in solving graphical optimization problems have been modified to solve the power system optimization problems which are more continuous in nature. Implementation of ACO in identifying the optimal values for OTTCS, tested on a reliable test system has produced promising results. Comparative studies presented with respect to EP and AIS had indicated the merit of the proposed technique.


We define dual-critical graphs as graphs that have acyclic orientations in which the indegrees have certain parity constraints. We have very limited knowledge about the complexity of dual-criticality testing. The basic definitions show that the problem is in NP, and a result of Balázs Szegedy and Christian Szegedy [4] provides a randomized polynomial algorithm, which relies on formal matrix rank computing. It is unknown whether dual-criticality test can be done in deterministic polynomial time. Moreover, the question of being in co-NP is also open. The first section introduces dual-critical graphs and their basic properties. We examine connectivity conditions, splitting trees, and the background of the terminology, which lies in planar dual-critical graphs. The second section deals with 3-regular graphs. The main theorem of the section shows that dualcritical graphs coincide with many graph classes when restricted to 3-regular graphs. The following subsections show further equivalences, and they yield a deterministic polynomial algorithm in the 3-regular case. The final section shows some necessary conditions for dual-criticality. 1 Dual-critical graphs in general 1.1 Basic properties of dual-critical graphs Definition 1.1 (Acyclic orientation). An orientation − → G = (V, − → E ) of a graph G is called acyclic if it does not have directed cycles. Definition 1.2 (Dual-critical graph). A graph G is dual-critical if it has an acyclic orientation such that all vertices except one have an odd indegree. Department of Computer Science and EGRES (MTA-ELTE), Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, Hungary. Research was supported by grants (no. CNK 77780 and no. CK 80124) from the National Development Agency of Hungary, based on a source from the Research and Technology Innovation Fund, and also by T'AMOP grant 4.2.1./B-09/1/KMR-2010-0003. Department of Computer Science, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, Hungary.


. Textbook is essential as teaching material, especially in learning to speak English. Teachers should use a suitable textbook in their teaching process to meet learning objectives. This study aims to analyze speaking activities based on the cognitive domain in the Indonesian ELT textbook endorsed by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture entitled Bahasa Inggris, Think Globally Act Locally untuk SMP/MTS Kelas IX [English for Junior High School Grade IX]. The data were collected using documentary techniques. The findings show three speaking activities: reading aloud, role play, and presentation task. Also, 57 speaking activities focused on the cognitive domain category. Besides, all categories of cognitive domain did not apply in this textbook. There are only four categories that were applied such as remembering (C1), applying (C3), analyzing (C4), and creating (C6). Thus, this textbook was not quite suitable to fulfill learning objectives.


Documenta 13 Director Carolyn Christov-Bagargiev planned to ship a thirty-seven-tonne meteorite, known as El Chaco, from Argentina to Kassel, part of an installation titled A Guide to Campo del Cielo (Field of Sky) by Buenos Aires-based artists Guillermo Faivovich and Nicolas Goldberg. However representatives of the Moqoit first nation peoples, for whom El Chaco (the second-largest meteorite on earth) is a sacred monument, successfully campaigned to stop the shipment.


ABSTRACT The purpose of the current study was to understand how to effectively manage perceived risks in the context of robotic restaurants. In order to test the research model, which included 11 hypotheses, this study collected 419 samples in South Korea. The results of the PCA showed that there were five types of perceived risks. In addition, all five perceived risks had negative impacts on attitude, which positively affected intentions to use, word-of-mouth intentions, and willingness to pay more. Lastly, product involvement played an important moderating role in the relationship between attitude and willingness to pay more.


This article has two related aims: to evaluate some of the principal (and often untested) hypotheses for sociocultural variation in family organization among East African societies and to offer insights into both the strengths and weaknesses of the phylogenetic method for comparative anthropological studies at regional levels. We start with the expectation that the relatively fine scale variation in traits observed at the regional level is a result of adaptations to local and institutional features. As such, historical continuities will disappear as descendant populations adapt to their new environments, thereby generating a new level of independence between daughter populations. In presenting both conventional and phylogenetically informed tests of a range of hypotheses for family variation among East African societies, this article provides an empirically based assessment of the validity of this view. [kinship, marriage, phylogenetic method, comparative method, East Africa]


Although both of these loan types  fall in the same category of hard money loans, these are two different types of loans. When referring to ...


The authors 1 expressed concerns about our use of the words outcome, adverse effects, and toxicity. We used NPDS data to describe the clinical effects (CEs) associated with single-product, energy-drink poison center exposures. 2 The NPDS defi nes three clinical characteristics, reported signs, symptoms, and clinical fi ndings, collectively as CEs describing the patient ' s exposure response. 3,4 The NPDS Medical Outcome categories indicate the severity of these effects and whether or not they are consistent with the agent ' s exposure profi le. 3,4


The Popular Mechanics Undercover Auto Cop is a sophisticated burglar alarm and it is also an auto voltmeter with which almost any electrical-system problem can be diagnosed. More importantly, the voltmeter provides the disguise to hide the alarm. The project can be built from kit or plans, and its construction and operation are described.


Introduction Eurocore2 is widely used to predict perioperative mortality risk. Preoperative renal function has an important impact on mortality and morbidity after cardiac surgery: in the Euroscore2 renal function is appreciated by the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) calculated by Cockgroft and Could (CC), divided in 4 different categories. Recent studies suggested that different equation will predict more accurately postoperative AKI. The aim of this study was to evaluate if more recent ways to assess renal function (CKD-EPI, MDRD, Mayo-Clinic equation) or the simple preoperative creatinine level (SCr) would improve the accuracy of the euroscore2. Methods We used data of a cohort using our prospective database from September 2012-Juin 2019 of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. We excluded emergent surgery and left heart assistance devices. GFR was calculated with the different equations. We then calculated the Euroscore2 without the weight of the GFR and used statistic regression to build 4 new Euroscore2 including the different GFR (CKD-EPI, MDRD, Mayo-Clinic equation) in a logistic regression as a continuous variable or creatinine level. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the to the different Euroscore2 to predicted mortality, for AKI and for hospital stay. AKI was classed with RIFLE criteria. Results We included 3954 patients, with a mean age of 67 years, undergoing mainly for a coronary bypass surgery (37.9%) or valvular surgery (36.6). Overall mortality was 3.2% (127) and was higher (12.6%) in patients with postoperative kidney injury (RIFLE 1 criteria n=842). The AUC for mortality predicted by the Euroscore2 was significantly higher (0.861, p Discussion The Mayo, CKD EPI and MDRD equations might be more specific to predict renal failure. However, it was not possible to improve the mortality prediction of Euroscore using other evaluation of renal function.


The attention to Gifted students is a growing educational topic in Italy. This work is part of a broader doctoral study on giftedness assessment and education. In particular the contribute explores the usefulness of a teacher's instrument to test creativity in Italian lower secondary schools. For this purpose it was tested the concurrent validity of the Renzulli Subscale of Creativity [1] used by mainstream teachers and special educational needs teachers and the William Test of Divergent thinking [2] used by the Educational researcher and completed by the students. A total of 106 students and 9 teachers participated in the study. The quantitative analysis shows a positive correlation between the evaluations through the Williams test and the Renzulli Subscale of Creativity used by the whole group of teachers. Therefore, the study checked if there was a difference between teachers' characteristics in the evaluation of creativity, in particular between mainstream and special educational needs teachers. The results show that there is no statistical difference between the evaluations of the group of teachers. A reflection of the importance of a multidimensional approach on the study of creativity, and in general of giftedness, that considers multiple source of information in the identification and Education of Gifted students is carried out in the study.


This chapter gives an overview of the knowledge discovery process. The full process starts from the definition and analysis of the business problem, followed by understanding and preparation of data, setup of the search for knowledge, the actual search, application of results in solving the business problem, and, finally, deployment and practical evaluation of the solutions. We outline the main tasks and methods that apply in each phase and we make references to the relevant chapters of this handbook. The discovery process is a combination of human involvement and autonomous methods of discovery. Autonomous methods may include automated task integration, for instance, integration of variable selection, knowledge mining, and result optimization. We also emphasize the iterative character of discovery including feedback loops and knowledge refinement.


A very simple adaptive scheduling method is introduced to improve the convergence rate of low-density parity-check decoders. Although the standard decoding method does not impose any constraint on the process order of check nodes, the proposed scheme adopts a dynamic scheduling method for check node message updating based on syndrome values. The proposed technique is applied to lower-density parity check (LDPC) codes of the 802.11n and 802.15.3c standards. Compared with sequential scheduling, the proposed approach provides a faster convergence speed from 28 to 51% for a WER of 10−4 and 10−2, respectively. Consequently, the introduced adaptive scheduling achieves a target performance with less number of iterations, which leads to reduced power consumption with minimal additional decoding complexity.


A reform of any body of law necessitates adopting new legal groundrules designed to improve the current situation. A reform is judged significant when the new rules have a major impact on society's daily life. In this respect, the last major reform in corporation law did not take place in the last forty years at all, but rather some 140 years ago, upon the implementation of the "limited liability" concept in England. In the first chapter, I analyze the term "significant reform" in the context of corporation law. I clarify why the concept of limited liability can be characterized as such a reform. In addition, we will note several other legal subjects that could have been construed as significant reforms.


Computation Tree Logic of Knowledge (CTLK) can specify many requirements of privacy or security of multi-agent systems (MAS). In our previous paper, we defined Knowledge-oriented Petri Nets (KPN) to model MAS. A KPN is a special Petri net in which some places are used to represent knowledge. Consequently, KPN can formally represent not only the interaction/collaboration process of multiple agents but also their epistemic evolutions. These epistemic evolutions are closely related to privacy and security of MAS. Then we defined the similar reachability graphs of KPN and constructed the equivalence classes of knowledge for each agent. We considered an epistemic operator $\mathcal{K}$ and designed its model checking algorithm based on similar reachability graph and equivalence class. In this paper, we design the model checking algorithm for another epistemic operator $\mathcal{C}$. Additionally, we develop a related tool. Examples of privacy protocols illustrate the usefulness of our model and method.


Ann Thorac Surg 2000;70:1901-1906 Toshiharu Shin'oka and Masaaki Koide Mitsugi Nagashima, Yasuharu Imai, Kazuhiro Seo, Masatsugu Terada, Mitsuru Aoki,respiratory function after the arterial switch operation in neonates Effect of hemofiltrated whole blood pump priming on hemodynamics andhttp://ats.ctsnetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/70/6/1901 on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located


Recent Economic Experience and the Search for New Guidelines Macro-Monetary Relationships in the Caribbean: An Eclectic Review of the Literature Trade and Economic Growth in Small Developing Economies: Research on the Caribbean Capital Movements: The Experience of Commonwealth Caribbean Countries 1970-1984 Assessing the Level of Interest Rates in Less Developed Countries Monetary and Credit Policies in the Bahamas since 1974 Monetary and Fiscal Policy in Barbardos, 1970-1985 Review of Monetary and Credit Policies in Belize, 1976-1986 Monetary Policy in Guyana, 1974-1985 A Review of Monetary Policy in the Jamaican Economy, 1980-1985 An Assessment of Monetary and Credit Policies in the OECS Region, 1975-1985 Monetary Policy in Trinidad & Tobago, 1974-1985 A Monetary Research Agenda for the Future References Bibliography Index


During the past twodecades, we have seen rising interest in computer-supported collaboration and, with the advent of the Web 2.0 and semantic technologies, increased importance for collaborative work. Worldwide, people expect unlimited access to information within and across cultures. Social networking continues to expand and impact collaboration approaches at the personal and enterprise levels. As a result, the computer-supported collaboration research community has turned its attention to the study of human social behavior from records such as blogs, wikis, social media, and social networking sites [1]. The desire for mobile and pervasive connectivity is pushing expansion of an ever growing wired and wireless high speed backbone that globally combines computing, sensing, and communication technologies. Annually, new classes of mobile devices are added to the traditional desktop, laptop, tablet, and smartphones. However, computer-based collaboration encompasses complex hardware and software issues that have been in the focus of the research community for a long time [2]. In 1981, Johnson-Lenz coined the term groupware as 'intentional group processes plus software to support them' [3]. By 1988, the term computer-supported cooperative work was defined as 'a scientific discipline guiding the design and development of groupware in a meticulous and appropriate way' [4]. Computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) is a multidisciplinary discipline that encompasses technical, human, and social factors that can vary its implementations depending on the context, culture, organization, and country that apply it [5]. As collaborative/cooperative applications evolved, important challenges also arose for developers [6]. As a result, significant on-going research works address topics such as collaboration systems infrastructure, human systems, collaboration work and processes, and unique domain-specific issues. The field of infrastructure is one of the most active areas in computer-supported collaboration, with research focused on underlying technologies such as cloud computing, big data, service-oriented architectures, smart networks, and grids. Advanced infrastructure technologies offer a vision of resources (networks, computational servers, storage, search engines, collaboration tools and applications, etc.) as a service, with greater ease to collaborate while lowering cost. The Internet of Things (IoT) captures the growing importance of sensor swarms and collaborative devices that are often attached to one's smartphone or tablet. At the same time, there are new complementary challenges for privacy and security as we attempt to understand how to handle trust in complex systems and how to measure trustworthiness in human-to-human, human-to-machine, and machine-to-machine collaborations. The field of human systems focuses on the human component in collaboration such as coordination and cooperation mechanisms, cultural and psychological aspects, natural languages, human-machine interaction and interfaces, human centric aspects of trust and trustworthiness, cognitive engineering, and user-centered design. The field of collaboration work and processes focuses on aspects that traditionally relate to management and business but gradually have been considered by the software engineering area, such as virtual and remote project coordination, distributed team management, workflows, coordination, distributed and virtual organizations, and distributed design and development. Finally, the domains where computer-based collaboration can be applied continue to grow and are almost endless. Social media, knowledge management, e-learning, financial systems, simulation environments, decision making, design and engineering, logistics, e-business, telemedicine, public health, and emergency and disaster response are some examples of these domains.


The dimensional stability of collagen is related to hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, hydrophobic, London, or van der Waals forces, and weak interactions. To assess the influence of dielectric constant of solvents on the ion pair interactions, in this work, influence of different aliphatic alcohols viz., methanol, ethanol, and n-propanol on thermomechanical behavior of rat-tail tendon (RTT) collagen fiber has now been investigated. The results show that the shrinkage temperature of native RTT decreases in aqueous alcoholic mixtures with increasing mol proportions of alcohol up to the level of 10 mol %, and when the mol proportion of alcohol exceeds 10 mol %, shrinkage temperature increases, possibly due to a desolvational effect. Further, the thermal and mechanical stability of native RTT is lower in n-propanol medium. The stress relaxation behavior of RTT is explained in terms of a two-element model, involving two superposed exponentials, and the rate constants corresponding to two relaxation processes have been computed using a nonlinear least square fit of experimental data. The activation energy values E0 and E′0 corresponding to the two relaxation processes identified, have been computed and the differential scanning calorimetric studies have been made to assess the enthalpy changes associated with the heat denaturation processes. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 1397–1405, 1999


A blade-pump is the source of motiue force of hydrauic circuit,which provides pressure oil to the system.Blade-pump tends to be popularly used in engineering machinery.This article deals with the reasons for blade-pump's failure in hydraulic circuit and puts forward corresponding counter plot.


FIELD: electrical engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electrical engineering. Electric energy distribution board (10) comprises distribution bus (11), first bearing plate (12), on which distribution bus (11) is attached, and contact element (14), connected with distribution bus (11). Board (10) contains second bearing plate (13), fixed on distribution bus (11) so, that distribution bus (11) was arranged between first bearing plate (12) and second bearing plate (13). EFFECT: technical result consists in improvement of reliability. 14 cl, 3 dwg


There is good evidence that internal surfacing of vascular prostheses by a non-thrombogenic biological layer is important for satisfactory long-term clinical results. However morphological and histological data obtained so far on the so called neo-intima provide little information about the anti-thrombogenic activity of the newly formed endothelium. In order to characterize the functional activity of the neo-intima we have developed a device to measure prostacyclin (PGI2) release from the vascular wall into the lumen. Different types of vascular grafts (velour knitted dacron, P.T.F.E. length 10cm, diameter 4-6mm) were placed in the carotid arteries of sheep. After removal the grafts were cut in three transverse sections (proximal, medial and distal third) and were subsequently perfused with oxygenated buffer in order to restimulate the arachidonic acid metabolism in the newly formed vascular wall. Thereafter the sections were filled with a specific volume of buffer and incubated. In the incubated solution PGI2 release was measured using a collagen and ADP induced platelet aggregation model and a 6-Keto- PGF lalpha radioimmunoassay. Within four months postoperatively PGI2 release increased especially in the proximal and distal sections of the prostheses up to the normal range, while in the medial sections of some grafts even 6 months postoperatively the PGI2 release remained weak. Simultaneous investigations obtained by scanning electron microscopy revealed that there is no clear correlation between the morphology of the newly formed endothelium lining different types of vascular prostheses and the functional activity of the neo-intima. This makes it desirable to characterize the functional activity of the neointima with regard to the non-thrombogenicity of the newly formed endothelium. Improvements in newly developed vascular prostheses can thus be quantitatively measured.


The utility model relates to a high-accuracy digital control double grinding head inner surface grinder, which comprises grinding wheel racks and a workpiece rack; the grinding wheels include a left grinding wheel rack and a right grinding wheel rack; the left and right grinding wheel racks are disposed at the both sides of the workpiece rack respectively and are arranged opposite to each other; and both the left grinding wheel rack and the right grinding wheel rack are vertical to the workpiece racks. The grinder has the beneficial effects that: control requirements of the grinder are realized by reasonable development based on a digital control system, so that two grinding wheels driven by left and right electric main shafts of the grinder can grind the same workpiece at the same time, thereby greatly improving processing efficiency.


The future of telecommunications is depicted on the convergence of mobile systems and IP networks, towards a global communications system, operating over a common access infrastructure, namely the "Beyond the 3rd Generation (B3G) wireless access infrastructure". The goal of this vision is the ubiquitous delivery of a great variety of innovative services, via a multitude of Radio Access Technologies (RATs). To achieve this, it is mandatory to identify and embrace the requirements for support of heterogeneity in wireless technologies. Framed within such context is the efficient management of each distinct RAT's resources (e.g. spectrum, codes, power levels etc) within the heterogeneous environment. Accordingly, this paper considers the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) as one of the most common operating RATs in B3G environments, and focuses on the efficient management of the total spectrum assigned to UMTS Network Providers (NPs). Specifically, the method proposed herewith, called Demand Allocation into Multiple UMTS Carriers (DAMUC), aims at finding the optimum partitioning of the demand to the multiple available, wideband UMTS carrier frequencies owned by a single NP. The method investigates certain demand allocation policies and selects the most appropriate one in terms of minimizing the total downlink power consumption in the network. Validation and consolidation can be ensured through indicative results from the application of DAMUC to a simulated network.


At the beginning of Qing Dynasty,in order to keep "the place of Dragon Appearance", we built Liu Tiaobian.It attained the aims of protecting peculiar products and distinguishing inside from outside,keeping the old customs of Manchu.But in a great extent,Liu Tiaobian hindered the exploitation and development of Northeastern economy. Finally, the "pure place became a domestic trouble and foreign invasion place of Qing Dynasty and Liu Tiaobian had been abandoned.


No other product of the Elizabethans' attempts to improve and heighten the style of their writings is quite so remarkable as the ornate and jingling prose which goes under the name of Euphuism. Its unique character and great popularity have caused many to discuss the problems of its origin, but no satisfactory specific source has so far been discovered. The old theories of Landmann and Feuillerat, who suggested, respectively, that the style was the result of the imitation of Guevara, and of the imitation of the classics, have now been abandoned. In their place the theory now generally accepted is the one put forward by Professor Croll, who said that Euphuism was merely one manifestation of the general medieval tradition, continued into the sixteenth century, of writing patterned prose. Professor Croll demonstrated completely and finally the ultimate origins of the style; but Euphuism is a unique and special variety of schematic prose, and the steps by which the simple and frequently varied patterns of medieval writings came to be elaborated into the stiff, formalistic structure of Euphuism, with all its wealth of learned similes and recondite allusions, has not been explained.


hotels is the most convincing chapter, exemplifying the significant role of these establishments in the tourism value system. The chapter on transforming places, which is more focused on exploring the implications of tourism policies, would benefit from a minor reconceptualisation. It can be construed that transforming the various sectors of the industry (e.g. transport) may lead to changes in places at large. Nevertheless, it would be exciting to see independent chapters on transformative and/or transforming 'policies', 'events' and 'learning' in tourism, in the next edition of this book. Overall, this timely publication is an accessible read, supported by a range of both academic and non-academic sources. By being published by a not-for-profit organisation, this book is geared towards creating tangible social impacts aside from its valuable contribution to the literature. Personally, reading the stories presented made me re-think the way I travel, and even my daily living practices. I recommend this book to anyone interested in tourism, or anyone aspiring to become a more conscious traveller. This book must be read by tourism managers, entrepreneurs and policy-makers, as it will encourage them to revisit their operational practices and strategies, and realise the potential of their organisations to drive positive social change through travel and tourism.


Intercropping is a common practice in the majority of the small farms in Brazil. Most of corn and common bean are cropped in intercropping system. This study was developed during two years in order to evaluate the productive efficiency of intercropping corn - common bean, using different populations of plants in relation to monocropping system. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Intercropping influenced all agronomic characteristics of common bean, mainly the number of pods plant -1 . The characteristics less affected were the number of grains pod -1 and the weight of 100 grains. The population of 125,000 common bean plants ha -1 produced more in the smaller population of corn (30,000 plants ha -1 ). However, the population of 250,000 common bean plants ha -1 fitted better to intercropping and it developed well in the two populations of corn plants (30,000 and 50,000 plants ha -1 )


My thesis of law: "Appreciation Margin of States, applied to Human Rights", is linked with the subject of Human Rights. Its main objective is to defend the application of Human Rights listed on international agreements and stipulated on different sentences from the organisms that administrate justice on this subject. It illustrates the Appreciation Margin of States and the necessary partial revocation of States sovereignty in order to harmonize that margin with the fulfillment of sentences passed by the International Organisms such as the Inter-American Human Rights Court and the European Human Rights Court. It particularly emphasizes the Ecuadorian cases and shows that the Inter-American Human Rights Court has passed sentences without observing the Ecuadorian internal legal order. It determines the reach of the Appreciation Margin in the European and inter- American Human Rights systems.


Objective:To investigate the prevalence of dental caries among preschool children in Nanan district of Chongqing so as to provide some basic data for children health care.Methods:3 804 preschool children in the 27 kindergarten of Nanan district were investigated by cluster random sampling.Visual examination combined with the probe inspection was used to diagnose caries and detection rate of caries and DMFT(decayed,missing and filled teeth)in different ages of children in different sex groups were calculated and their differences were also compared.Results:Detection rate of caries among subjects were 27.1%.In the 2~6 age group,the detection rate of caries grows with age increasing and DMFT were 3.7.In 3~4 age group,3~5 age group,3~6 age group,the differences among DMFT were statistically significant.The difference of the detection rate of caries and DMFT between sex were not statistically significant.Conclusion:It can not be optimistic about the caries prevalence rate among the subjects.The period before the age of four are critical time for preschool children to prevent caries happening.More attention should be payed to oral cavity health of children under age of 4.


Uric acid (UA) has been proposed to contribute to diet‐induced insulin resistance. We studied UA metabolism during an oral fructose challenge (0.2 g oral fructose/kg FFM every hour for 9 hours). Blood and urine UA concentrations were measured, UA excretion and clearance were calculated in two groups of healthy male subjects: 1) 8 subjects after 6 days on either a low fructose diet (LF) or a hypercaloric diet with 3g/kg/day fructose (HyperFr); 2) 7 subjects after 4 days on either LF or an isocaloric 30% fructose diet (IsoHFr).


1Cr18Ni9Ti austenitic stainless steel sheet was realized by TIG welding,the influence of welding parameters on the mechanical properties of the austenitic stainless steel welded joint by orthogonal experiments were studied,and the corrosion resistance of the welded joint was also studied.The results show that the optimal parameters for the optimum tensile strength of welded joint are that the welding current is 40 A,the diameter of tungsten electrode is 1.6 mm and the flow rate of argon is 6 L/min;while the welding current increases,the corrosion resistance of the welded joint declines.


The effect of EMBr on inclusion behavior was investigated by means of numerical simulation and then testified on site at Lianyuan Steel.The simulation showed that without EMBr,the floating-up probability was nearly zero for the inclusions less than 50 μm,and 6% for the inclusions larger than 200 μm.With EMBr,the floating-up probability was 25% for the inclusions less than 50 μm,and 38% for the inclusions larger than 200 μm.The industrial test showed that the amount of large inclusions in range of 200-300 μm,300-400 μm and larger than 400 μm were reduced by 15.9%,30.2% and 39.4% respectively.Thus the results of numerical simulation were in agreement with that of industrial test to a certain extent.


In this paper,a new localized energy active contour model combined with multiple features is proposed for image segmentation,especially for those images with the inhomogenous appearance features in foreground and background.It reformulates the localized segmentation energy to enhance its robustness to initialization.By introducing more fine 8-d HSV color space and structure tensor texture features of transform domain,it is able to segment images with weak object boundaries,images with visually similar color properties in foreground and background.Experimental result shows that the proposed model is exemplified on various images objects and its superiority over state of the art variational segmentation techniques is demonstrated.


ABSTRACT In this editorial introduction, we present what motivated us to organise this collection of studies on family language policy and planning (FLPP) in the Chinese contexts. In order to better understand why ethnic minority languages and fangyans (also known as dialects or regionalects) are challenged by the official Chinese language, Putonghua, the introduction situates this group of studies in the disciplinary context, and proposes the family as a critical site where macro and meso language policies penetrate the private domain and influence the process of family language decisions. By looking at the interactions between families, schools, communities and workplaces, we can also trace the sociolinguistic and political environments in which language shift takes place. In the discussion of these contextual factors in China, we argue for the need to explore family and language changes in Chinese contexts. The introduction concludes with an overview of the studies included in this special issue, highlighting the key claims put forward by the contributors.


The distribution of pheromone on the continuous space is simulated with Gaussian kernel.A random generator is used with this distribution as the state transition rule to choose the next point to move to,and pheromone is updated by adjusting parameters of the distribution according to the transitions of ant colony.Ants aggregate gradually around the optimal food source under the direction of pheromone.In order to get over the disadvantages of the slow convergence speed and stagnation behavior,a tabu search algorithm is inducted.And the results of the examples show that it can not easily run into the local optimum and can converge at the global optimum.


Introduction: The term "vascular age" (VA) was developed to motivate and increase patients' commitment to a healthy lifestyle. This assessment can significantly help in communication between the doctor and the patient. CO is the age of a person who has the same probability of death from cardiovascular diseases as the patient, only without modifiable risk factors. CV can be determined using instrumental methods or risk can be calculated using the modified SCORE scale, the latter method is currently limited due to the modification of the SCORE2 and SCORE-OP scales. The aim of our study was to assess the vascular age in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) using the method of volumetric sphygmography and the relationship of vascular aging with the main clinical and laboratory parameters. Materials and methods: 48 patients with AH were examined, including 21 men (44%) and 27 women (56%), the mean age was 66.9 years and 67.3 years, respectively. The duration of the disease was about 10 years. All patients were receiving antihypertensive therapy at the time of the examination. Vascular age was assessed using the volumetric sphygmography method using the BPLab-Vasotens apparatus (LLC Petr Telegin, Russia). This technique is quite simple, non-invasive, does not require the use of expensive equipment and additional specialists. Statistical processing was carried out using the Microsoft Excel package (Microsoft Office 2011) and Statistica 10.0. Results. Our assessment showed that CO in patients with AH was 69.0 years and did not differ statistically from the passport (67.0 years, р˃0.05). The groups of men and women did not differ from each other in terms of the passport age of the patients (р˃0.05). Correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between passport and vascular age (r=0.88, p<0.001). When analyzing hemodynamic parameters, the patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included patients with CO less than or equal to the passport one (n=22), and group 2 included patients with CO greater than the passport one (n=26). In the first group there were more men (14 - 63.6%), and in the second group there were more women (19 - 73.1%), р=0.1. It was found that the indicators of systolic, mean and pulse BP in group 2 were higher: 117.0 [109.0;133.0] and 137.0 [122.0;146.0] mm Hg (p=0.005), 86.5 [84.0;94.0] and 100.5 [92.0;108.0] mm Hg (p=0.006), 44.5 [38.0;64.0] and 70.5 [48.0;74.0] mm Hg (p=0.01), respectively. The groups did not differ from each other in terms of passport age, body mass index, diastolic BP level, length of service, stage of hypertension, lipid profile, creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, incidence of coronary artery disease, history of stroke (р˃0.05). Conclusion. The assessment of vascular age using volumetric sphygmography is simple and improves communication between the doctor and the patient. Vascular age directly correlates with passport age. In the group of patients whose vascular age was higher than the passport one, an increase in systolic, mean and pulse BP was revealed, compared with the group of patients in whom the CO was less than or equal to the passport one. The absence of statistically significant correlations between CO and other generally recognized risk factors indicates the need for an individualized comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular risk using clinical, laboratory and instrumental data.


Abstract : The ebullition cycle of nucleate pool boiling from a heating strip was studied through the use of high-speed motion pictures of schlieren and shadowgraph images. The effects of bubble agitation on thermal layer and neighboring bubbles were observed. An over-all model of ebullition based upon experimental observation was proposed that included an analytical method for predicting bubble growth rate and an analysis of the factors that influence the magnitude of the waiting period (time interval between bubbles at a particular site). Thermal-layer thickness, cavity size, and area of influence of a growing bubble are considered. A film supplement is made available. (Author)


Introduction: Our aim was to determine what patient volume, if any, in-laboratory testing provides results faster than Point-of-Care-Testing (POCT). Methods: To evaluate POCT effectiveness during high volume situations, POCT was compared to in-laboratory testing during busy periods with large numbers of patients. Our setting was an urban level 1 trauma center with an academic emergency medicine department (ED) and annual patient volume of 70,000. Patients seen requiring laboratory testing during peak volume between 11 a.m. and 7 p.m. were enrolled over a five-week period. One tube of blood was sent to the laboratory and the other tube was run in the ED using POCT. Turnaround time was recorded as time from when the tube was received to when the result was available. We also completed a time-motion study to assess the number of POCT machines that would be needed to process the entire average hourly hospital laboratory volume. Results: We collected 539 hematology and chemistry specimens. The POCT group was significantly faster than in-laboratory testing, with mean POCT [complete blood count (CBC) and chemistry] 3.5 minutes compared to in-laboratory CBC test time of 30.9 minutes and chemistry test time of 55 minutes. As the volume of samples peaked, there was a slight but insignificant decrease in POCT turnaround time. If POCT was used to process the entire average hospital laboratory volume which approached 54 samples an hour, 3 POCT machines would be necessary to maintain turnaround times. Conclusion: Even during ED high volume situations, POCT provided results significantly faster than in-laboratory testing.


In this review, we discuss three vision impairments in the cognitive science of religious beliefs. We first assess the CSR's improvements upon previous generations' "mindblindness." We also address "contextblindness," the CSR's relative lack of focus on the extant environment's role in the formation and retention of religious beliefs. Finally, we address the problem of the CSR's "ecoblindness," that is, ignoring how beliefs are aligned with the distribution of resources.


The English reading strategies of Grade 3 French immersion children were studied to discover any changes between those used before reading instruction in English began and after six months of reading instruction. - Nine children reading at grade level were selected and tested in October, 1986 and again in March, 1987 using the Reading Miscue Inventory devised by Goodman and Burke (1972). The first text used was at the Grade 3 level and the second at the Grade 4 level to minimize the effects of text difficulty. -- At the first testing the children relied heavily on graphic and sound cues, using semantic and syntactic cues infrequently. The low scores in the categories of comprehension and the use of grammatical relationships suggested that they were not reading efficiently. At the second testing, while the children still used graphic and phonic cues to a great extent, the use of semantic and syntactic cues increased. These findings, in conjunction with improved scores in comprehension and the use of grammatical relationships, demonstrated an improvement in the quality of the children's reading. -- No instances of French semantics or syntax interfering with the English reading of the children were found, but there were cases of French pronunciation of parts or all of English words. French interference miscues dropped from thirty-four at the first testing to five at the second testing, again indicating an improvement in the reading quality. -- Some possible explanations were given for the changing reading strategies of the children. The emphasis of the reading instruction in French was on phonics, and in English on context. Studies have shown that the type of reading instruction children receive affects the miscues they make and this is one factor to be considered. Another factor which may have affected the changes was the children's progress through the stages of reading development. The stages which Cohen (1974-5) proposed uphold the findings of the present study. The children's developmental stage may also have affected the reading strategies they used. -- The results of the study were compared to bottom-up, top-down, interactive, and interactive-compensatory models of reading. The best fit was found to be the interactive-compensatory model.


In this paper, two corollaries and some results are presented according to the Perron-Frobenius Theorem,which reflect the connection of character subspaces of irreducible nonnegative matrices,and the model of the connected eigenvalues equal the spectral radius.This paper improves some results on this topic to some extent.


In this study we experimentally examine the effect of applied magnetic field on a weakly ionized Argon plasma supersonic flow around a body, around which the magnetic field is generated. To analyze the flow, the flow visualization and the spectroscopic measurement of the self-radiating flow were carried out. Based on the spectroscopic measurements, the electron excitation temperature was determined by means of the line intensity method. The possible shock front in front of the body was identified from the electron excitation temperature distribution. It was found that, as theoretically suggested, a possible shock standoff distance is influenced by the application of the magnetic field and becomes larger than the one without the magnetic field.


This paper discusses some theories of constructivist learn ing and the relevance of software models with experiential learning. The applications of Empirical Modelling for two different kinds of teaching models are explored and compared against implementations u si g procedural languages. Using a series of models of a water supply system, the paper demonstr ate the use of an Empirical Modelling approach to teaching abstract concepts and some problems as sociated with implementing a model of a cyclic system using current empirical modelling tools.


An admixture for use in cementitious compositions which are to be applied in consecutive layers consists essentially of a water-soluble polyalkylene oxide and a superabsorbent material. Optionally (and preferably) also present is a plasticiser or superplasticiser, preferably a polyalkylene oxide-modified styrene-maleic andydride copolymer. The superabsorbent material may be a polyacrylate or a starch-modified polyacrylate.


Disclosed is a pretreatment method which enables the promotion of the enzymatic glycosylation of lignocellulose under relatively mild conditions by using a tree bark as a raw material and a smaller energy. Specifically disclosed is a process for producing a saccharide from a tree bark raw material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: an alkali treatment step of immersing the tree bark raw material in an aqueous alkali compound solution; a cutting treatment step of cutting the alkali-treated tree bark mechanically into fine pieces; and an enzymatic glycosylation step of glycosylating the finely cut tree bark with an enzyme. Also disclosed is an ethanol production process.


Proteomics and Bioinformatics are rooted in life sciences as well as computer and information sciences and technologies. Both of these interdisciplinary approaches draw from specific disciplines such as mathematics, physics, computer science and engineering, biology and behavioral science. Proteomics and bioinformatics each maintain close interaction with life sciences to realize their full potential. Now a days proteomics without bioinformatics is just like a boat without radar. Bioinformatics uses computational approaches to address theoretical as well as experimental questions in biology. The growth of the biotechnology industry in recent years is unprecedented and advancements in molecular modeling, disease characterization, pharmaceutical discovery, clinical healthcare, forensics, and agriculture fundamentally impact economic and social issues worldwide [1].


instructed to press their' right wrist as a means of preventing morning sickness roused the interest of the author who has had a long-term interest in antiemetics. Workers in Belfast have evolved a satisfactory method for studying the efficacy of antiemetic drugs in preventing sickness due to opiates. Women scheduled for minor operations are premedicated with an opiate to which can be added an antiemetic (or which can be accompanied by P6 ACP). This is followed by a standard non-emetic anaesthetic and the frequency and severity of sickness is recorded over the first six postoperative hours. We had access to large numbers of suitable patients and have published widely on this subject. Above all we are well aware of the pitfalls in noncontrolled studies of antiemetic drugs. We here report the ability of P6 acupuncture (ACP) in reducing postoperative .sickness and the subsequent work on its use in cancer chemotherapy and in morning sickness. All studies described below were approved by the University Medical Ethical Committee and in the first several hundred administrations, the patient's permission was sought. Studies with Acupuncture/ Acupressure as an Antimetic


for an Invited Paper for the DAMOP11 Meeting of The American Physical Society Many-body physics with ultracold bosons in 1D geometry ELMAR HALLER, Experimentalphysik Uni Innsbruck I describe a series of experiments with quantum gases of strongly interacting atoms confined to one-dimensional (1D) geometry. The external confinement strongly affects the atomic scattering process and gives rise to a new type of scattering resonances, so-called confinement-induced resonances. One such resonance allows us to tune and dynamically control interparticle interactions in 1D and to access the regimes of strong repulsion or attraction. In particular, we observe the formation of a new highly-correlated quantum many-body phase called the Super-Tonks-Girardeau gas. This excited phase in 1D is stabilized in the presence of attractive interactions by maintaining and strengthening quantum correlations across the confinement-induced resonance. In a second experiment we drive a novel type of quantum phase transition, the "pinning transition," by adding a shallow periodic potential to a strongly-interacting 1D system. For sufficiently strong interactions, the transition is induced by adding an arbitrarily weak optical lattice along the longitudinal direction of the 1D system, leading to immediate pinning of the particles. We map out the phase diagram and find that our measurements in the strongly interacting regime agree well with a quantum field description based on the exactly solvable sine-Gordon model. We trace the phase boundary all the way to the weakly interacting regime where we find good agreement with the predictions of the 1D Bose-Hubbard model.


We present a polarization-insensitive non-return-to-zero (NRZ) to return-to-zero (RZ) conversion. In this scheme, the pulsewidth of the converted RZ signal can be flexibly tuned from 10 ps to 2 ps.


Background: Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) has been used as a traditional medicine for thousands of years as it has many therapeutic effects, one of them is as antioxidant. Antioxidants are compounds that play an important role in the body's defense system mechanism towards free radicals' attacks that cause various diseases. In general, black cumin is consumed as oral administration drug that have a low solubility level resulting on reducing the therapeutic effect. Therefore, the development of black cumin seed extract processing technique formed in the preparation of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS). Objective: To determine the antioxidant activity of SNEDDS black cumin seed extract (Nigella sativa L.) is better than ordinary cumin seed extract. Methods: This research is a laboratory experimental study. Measurement of antioxidant activity was carried out by the DPPH method. Data were analyzed by linear regression and one way ANOVA using SPSS verslion 21 software. Results: The value of p > 0.05 is obtained in ANOVA significance test . SNEDDS black cumin seed extract has more effective antioxidant activity compared to non SNEDDS black cumin seed oil with IC50 value of 0.677 ± 0.028 μg / mL. Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between the concentration of the test compound with the percent inhibition of antioxidants. SNEDDS black cumin seed extract has more effective antioxidant activity compared to ordinary black cumin seed oil.


In the network of mobile Agent(MA) ring routing design mode,the transmission of network data packet conflict empty,need to design cavity balance wake-up algorithm,to balance the network energy,and prolong the network lifetime.The traditional method with adaptive learning particle swarm algorithm,the C /S mode cavity balance wake-up algorithm is used,because the network unbalanced energy consumption will also be easy to produce the island node information is empty,the performance is not good.An improved network information empty parade balance wake-up algorithm is proposed based on minimum probability,minimum hop link with gradient ring is established for MA sleep and wake up the energy required for MA migration,and data transmission is obtained,a minimum hop routing algorithm design number link,minimal parade probability criterion and the overall network topology the structure is constructed,the network information void balance improved wake-up algorithm is realized.The simulation results show that,the algorithm can construct the topology of the network data packet hops,it can effectively inhibit the packet transfer phenomenon in the same gradient,the minimum probability of cruise is realized,effectively reduce the resulting probability network empty due to node dies,it can effectively overcome the network energy imbalance,sink node will have from inner to outer ring fusion data of each layer MA feedback,it can prolong the network lifetime and improve system stability.


Editor's Note: During 1994-1995, Sergei Zhuk was a visiting Fulbright Fellow at the Philadelphia Center for Early American Studies. His perspectives on the historiography of the Middle Atlantic region, and on the nature ofhistorical research in both the former Soviet Union and in Pennsylvania, should interest many of our readers. Many of us at the Center came to admire Sergei as a scholar and human being; we hope he will be able to return tofinish his work.


The word "librarian" sums up brilliantly the notion that librarians work in libraries, but is in other respects most uninformative: it tells the world nothing about the myriad activities with which librarians are associated. One of the latest specialised activities is conservation, which means much more than being the "keeper" of our collections. Conservation as currently understood implies taking active steps to prevent the physical deterioration of the collections in our care, and involves bringing in to play the knowledge and skills of the paper and leather chemists. As conservation becomes established as an essential part of librarianship, white‐coated laboratory scientists become part of the library team and management makes contingency plans in case of disasters such as fire or flood. Stirling University Library has responsibility for a number of special collections whose quality and diversity may surprise those who think of the university as one of the smallest in the country. We also have a link with the Leighton Library, Dunblane, whose Trustees look to us for advice on the care and maintenance of the books and manuscripts in their ownership, and it was through this partnership that practical conservation first took hold at Stirling about five years ago. At that time it was the conservation of items produced in the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries that was of most concern to us, and we were fortunate in finding to hand Jan Michaels, a Canadian conservation scientist living locally, and more than happy to act as consultant. The British Library was happy too, and provided financial support for the project. The main conservation effort in recent years has however been concentrated on two modern archives held in the university library, the Howietoun Fish Farm Archive and the Grierson (film documentary) Archive, and it is this work, under the title "Conservation of Scottish library materials of national importance" that has attracted most external interest and attention.


Objective:To investigate the means of preparing 2-pyridylboronic acid.Methods:The product was synthesized with 2-bromopyridine,tris-trimethylsilylborate and iPrMgCl as Grignard reagents under N2,and identified by 1H-NMR.Results:2-pyridylboronic acid was synthesized with the yield of 67.7% on conditions of n(tris-trimethylsilylborate)∶n(2-bromopyridine)=2∶1;the reaction temperature was 0 ℃,the reaction time 3 hours and the hydrolysis temperature 0 ℃.Conclusions:2-pyridylboronic acid can be synthesized by Grignard reaction on moderate conditions with high yield,which may contribute to the study of pyridine drugs.


Effect of two histamine receptor antagonists, chlorphenamine maleate and cimetidine, on pulmonary hypertension (PH) induced by low ambient temperature in broiler chickens were investigated. One hundred and forty 17-day broiler chickens were randomly divided into four groups.(1) normal temperature group(NT): forty birds were reared at 22 ~23 ℃ and normal saline was given twice by intramuscular injection each day.(2)Low ambitent temperature group(LT) : forty birds were reared at 9~11 ℃ and normal saline was given twice by intramuscular injection each day.(3)Chlorphenamine maleate group in low ambient temperature (CMLT): forty birds were reared at 9~11 ℃ and chlorphenamine maleate was given twice by intramuscular injection each day.(4)Cimetidine group in low ambient temperature (CLT):twenty birds were reared at 9~11 ℃ and cimetidine was given twice each day by intramuscular injection from 24 to 38 days of age. At 24, 31, 38, 45 days of age, 10 birds were randomly taken from each group except CLT.At 31, 38 days of age,10 birds were randomly taken from CLT. The following three parameters were measured : the pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) by right cardiac catheter,the ascites heart index(AHI) and the packed cell volume (PCV).The results were as follows:(1)At 24, 31, 38 days of age, the pulmonary artery systolic pressure and diastolic pressure of LT were significantly higher than that of NT (P0.05 or P0.01). The pulmonary artery systolic pressure of CMLT was significantly lower than that of LT at 24 days of age (P0.05). The pulmonary artery systolic pressure and diastolic pressure of CLT were significantly lower than that of LT at 38 days of age (P0.01). (2) The PCV of LT was significantly greater than that of NT ( P0.01) at 24, 31, 38, 45 days of age.At 24 days of age, the PCV of CMLT was significantly lower than that of LT (P0.05). At 31 days of age, the PCV of CMLT was significantly higher than that of LT (P0.01).(3) The AHI of LT was significantly greater than that of NT (P0.05) at 45 days of age.The AHI of CMLT was significantly less than that of LT (P0.05) at 45 days of age. The PAP was decreased at the early stage of treatment with chlorphenamine maleate, and was decreased at the late stage of treatment with cimetidine.These results indicated that histamine promote the development of PH induced by low ambient temperature in broiler chickens. The PAP was decreased at the different stage of treatment with two histamine receptor antagonists, so right ventricular hypertrophy was inhibited.


Calixspherands 1 and 2 form kinetically stable complexes with Ag+, in CDCl3 saturated with D2O, with half-lives of decomplexation of 51 and 131 h, respectively.


Silica insulation coatings were prepared on the surface of Fe85Si9.6Al5.4 powder by sol-gel method through controlling the additions of tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS) precursor and(3-Aminopropyl) triethe-oxysilane(APTES) coupling agent.The microstructures,composition and magnetic properties of the material were characterized by X-ray diffractometry(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),magnetic force microscopy(MFM) and vibrating sample magnetometry(VSM).The results show that the compact amorphous silica layers with a thickness of 1 2 μm are coated on the surface of the Fe85Si9.6Al5.4 powder after surface modification by APTES and then followed by addition of TEOS.The thickness of silica layer increases with increasing the addition of TEOS and APTES,and the saturation magnetization(Ms) varies between 0.86 T and 0.90 T,with coercivity basically unchanged.The optimal coating effect and properties can be obtained by adding 6 mL TEOS and 1 mL APTES,with saturation magnetization and coercivity reaching 0.90 T and 1 114 A/m,respectively.


— Ongoing advances in ultrastable lasers drive further development of the optical atomic clock. Currently, the most stable lasers are based on silicon cavities that are cooled to 124 K. The stability of these lasers is limited by the composite thermal noise of the coatings, substrates, and spacer. To further improve the stability of these lasers to a level comparable to the natural linewidth of state-of-the-art clock transitions, silicon cavities will need to be cooled to lower temperatures. Two major obstacles to operating at low tem-peratures are the vibration noise and temperature fluctuations of the closed-cycle cryostat, which can produce noise substantially above the thermal noise floor. We overcome these limitations with a custom-designed cryostat that cools the cavity to 4 K while simultaneously suppressing temperature fluctuations and vibration noise below the thermal noise floor of 6 (cid:2) 10 (cid:0) 17 . The closed-cycle cryostat also offers con-tinuous cooling, removing the need for cryogen refilling. We demonstrate a 1 (cid:2) 10 (cid:0) 16 stability from .06 to 100 s and a linewidth of 17 mHz at 1542 nm. This represents a tenfold improvement in short-term stability and a 10 4 improvement in linewidth over past low-temperature results.


In the course of double-arch tunnel construction,the variations of stress and deformations of wall-rock are complex.It is difficult to construct double-arch tunnel,and it is necessary to perform some technological guidances to assure the of construction safety.Numerical analysis is used to calculate and analyze the stress and deformation of the fractured mountain body.The result shows that in the course of construction,the wall-rock can maintain stable.A theoretical direction and reference is offered to practical performance.And a new method is also offered.


The UK gender pay gap has fallen by around 7% during the 2000s. This is partly due to occupational desegregation, but largely due to a closing of the within-occupational gender pay gap. The article finds that men are more likely than women to be employed in jobs that require working to tight deadlines. These jobs are associated with higher pay, and the gender difference arises entirely as a consequence of such occupations being over-represented in male-dominated industrial sectors. However, the article also finds evidence of lower pay and higher work intensity (in terms of working at high speed) for women vis-a-vis men employed within the same occupations. These differences are not significant on labour market entry but emerge subsequently over the life cycle, most likely as a result of family-related responsibilities but also as a consequence of unexplained factors that could include gender discrimination.


The rapeseed meal is an unconventional protein feed resource in a breeding industry; and glucosinolate (thioglycoside for short) content is a bottleneck for restricting the wide application of the rapeseed meal. According to the invention, a novel feed processing technology-steam explosion processing technology is employed, and most thioglycoside in the rapeseed meal can be rapidly removed with high efficiency. In a pretreatment step, water is added for hydrating the rapeseed meal for a while; the pretreated rapeseed meal is added to a bunker of a steam explosion instrument, the treatment can be carried out for a certain time under specific pressure intensity; so that 87.2% of thioglycoside in the rapeseed meal can be removed after explosion. Compared with the prior art, the feed processing technology has the characteristics of simple pretreatment, short time, high efficiency and no pollution, and is in favor of detoxifying at a production source of the rapeseed meal raw material.


When discussing the Islamic economic system, the direction cannot be separated from the sectors within it, specifically the Islamic finance region and the non-Islamic finance region. In this dialogue, we can speak about the prevailing Islamic commercial enterprise fashion in numerous nations. The cause of this look is to accumulate a few facts associated with sharia commercial enterprise in numerous nations that are predicted to assist folks who are traveling or who're seeking out centers that can be according to sharia standards. The approach utilized in writing the item is a qualitative statistics series approach taken from a set of articles associated with sharia commercial enterprise in numerous nations. The results of this survey provide facts related to Shariah trading companies in countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and the United Kingdom. In summary, Islamic industrial enterprises exist in the majority of Islamic countries (Indonesia and Malaysia) in addition to the minority Islamic countries (including the United Kingdom). Islamic commercial enterprise became created on the idea of a country's want to facilitate its citizen (For improving the Muslims of their own country) or for the diversity of Muslim travelers traveling the country.


Purpose: This study aims to determine the factors influencing the Quality of Work Life (QWL) among academicians and to determine the differences between QWL and responses by those in the selected demographic profile (Gender and Marital Status). Design/methodology/approach: A survey methodology was used in this study. This research involves the utilization of questionnaires which were administered among two hundred and seventy-eight (278) academicians currently working in a selected Public Institutions of Higher Learning in Sarawak. The factors influencing QWL were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The comparative between QWL and selected demographic profile (Gender and Marital Status) was analyzed using the Independent T-Test method. Findings: The results of the study showed that the respondents were satisfied with their work context (co-worker) domain. The major influencing factors include having good communication and relationship with students, support staff, and other stakeholders. Results also indicated that there are significant differences between QWL and Gender. There were no significant differences found between QWL and Marital status. Research limitations/implications: This may assist to improve individuals and organizations performance whilst increasing commitment levels among academicians. Practical implications: These findings will help policy makers to implement the best practice to improve the QWL. Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal Vol. 10, No. 2 (2018, Special Issue) 219 Originality/value: Having QWL is useful in efforts to improve productivity, organizational effectiveness, the uplifting morale of employees whom can contribute meaningfully to the economic development of the country.


The floor of Hebes Chasma and Ophir Chasma, the two elliptical and deepest troughs of Valles Marineris, displays NE-SW to ENE-WSW several kilometres wide dextral brittle-plastic shear zones. Structural maps of these areas are presented. Mapping suggests that the northern part of Valles Marineris is probably composed of large sheared tectonic blocks that moved relative to each other while Valles Marineris was being stretched perpendicular to its main, ESE trend. The block boundaries played a role in guiding the further tectonic and geomorphologic evolution of Valles Marineris.


Sustainable development has been considered in various discourses as the answer to the economic, social and ecological crisis. However, its principles are far from being implemented. The dominant model of society giving priority to financial capital and short term profitability in the context of globalization and market deregulation involves social disinvestment, increasing inequalities and exclusion, that is to say non sustainable development. We argue that sustainable development requires an orientation towards human needs, social and ecological sustainability and consequently a break with the prevailing model of society and learning and knowledge sharing within modern societies. In the first section we confront the "market driven work society", which is embedded in the neo-liberal paradigm with the alternative model of the "humanized work society", which aims to dignify work, enhance quality of working life and skills development. The next sections focus on long trend and new forms of labour market regulation and the role successively played by Education, Vocational Training and – desirably – Innovation in that regulation process . We stress that sustainable development imply an effective upgrading of work and skills, requiring adequate structural education, training and R&D policies.


As the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is rapidly increasing, apprehension about developing the degenerative disease (anticipatory dementia or fear of developing AD) has become a topic of interest. However, most studies of anticipatory dementia have utilized brief, nonvalidated measures to explore older adults' apprehension. As such, there is a significant need for a psychometrically sound instrument to measure this fear.


This paper attempts to give a systematic classification of the literature about the economic effect and profit coordination mechanism of Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI). Study finds that it have reached a consensus in many ideas, such as, VMI can improve the efficiency and reduce the costs of supply chain, there is conditional that participants win-win and so on. Study also finds the coordination mechanism of VMI has many forms, including the form based on price coordination and the form revenue sharing contract. Now research mainly focuses on the downstream supply chain (manufacturers and distributors or retailers), so the upstream segment (between the raw material supplier and manufacturer) of VMI will be a future worthy of a field of study, and the simulation technology based on Multi-Agent will be the future of mainstream research.


Soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI) was obtained from simulated soybean whey wastewater through a sustainable method consisting of isoelectric precipitation, ammonium sulfate salting out, and gel filtration chromatography, and the effect of temperature, pH, and pepsin on the stability of STI was also discussed. The results showed that the recovery rate of the trypsin inhibitory activity was 89.47%, the purity and the specific activity of STI were 71.11%, and 1442.5 TIU/mg in the conditions of pH 4.0 and 40% ammonium sulfate saturation. The soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) and soybean Bowman–Brik trypsin inhibitor (BBI) were obtained via gel filtration chromatography, and their specific activity levels were 1733.5 TIU/mg and 2588.3 TIU/mg, respectively. The STI displayed good stability over a wide temperature and pH range. The STI, KTI, and BBI were all resistant to pepsin hydrolysis, and their ability was ranked as BBI > STI > KTI. These findings will provide a theoretical basis for recycling STI from soybean whey wastewater and promoting better active compound utilization.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the influence of mechanical intermittent cervical traction on the autonomic system.

DESIGN
Prospective, cases series study.

SUBJECTS
Sixteen healthy volunteers without contraindications for cervical traction.

METHODS
Subjects received mechanical intermittent cervical traction in a sitting position under two traction forces (10% and 20% of total body weight). Electrocardiographic and neck surface electromyographic signals were recorded and analysed from 3 5-min periods (before, during and after traction). Subjective symptoms, heart rate and heart rate variability parameters, including standard deviation of all normal-to-normal beat intervals, very low-frequency power, low-frequency power, high-frequency power, multiscale entropy, slope of multiscale entropy, and root mean square value of electromyography amplitude were statistically compared.

RESULTS
This pilot study showed that using 10% body weight traction force was more comfortable than using 20% body weight. Only subtle perturbation was noted in the autonomic system when using 20% body weight traction force.

CONCLUSION
The response pattern of heart rate variability analysis in this pilot study provides some early information about individual discomfort in cervical traction. The autonomic modulation and the safety of cervical traction with other modality settings or in patients with neck pain require further study.


Researchers have found that circulating tumor cells can predict early recurrence and decreased overall survival in nonmetastatic breast cancer patients who have not yet been treated with chemotherapy.


The discrete-event system (DES) is a class of dynamic systems whose behaviour is governed by discrete events and they state occupy a discrete symbolic-valued state at each time instant. These discrete events occur asynchronously and instantaneously at discrete instants of time and lead to a change of the state. Between event occurrences, the state of DES is unaffected. The DES behaviour is described by the sequence of events that occur and the sequence of states. Examples of DES abound in the industrial world as automated manufacturing systems, monitoring and control systems, supervisory systems; in building automation; in control of aircraft systems, railway systems...(Cassandras 1993). An example of a discrete event system is the classic programmable logic controller (PLC) controlling a sequential machine. The PLC acts as a discrete event control system (DECS). The DECS acts through the outputs over the actuators of the machines, and receives information of the state of the machines or events that happen in them through sensors. In the design of a DECS is neccesary to specify its dynamic behaviour, that is, the form of generating its outputs in response to the inputs. This specification can be carried out in different forms and will be a model of the desired behaviour of the system. There may be various desired behaviours for the same machine if the actions to be performed are different. The specification for the desired behaviour can be performed using the formalism of Petri nets. The technology translation can be done in a PLC in Sequential Function Chart language (SFC). Programmable Logic Controllers are extensively used in the control of production systems and their use is, at the present, widespread in most industrial sectors. The combination of the PLCs intelligence with the development of sensors and actuators, ever more specialized, allows a greater number of processes to be automated. These devices offer a series of advantages that meet some of the most important manufacturing industry requirements in recent years, such as low cost, capacity to control complex systems, flexibility (they can be quickly and easily re-programmed), reduced downtime and easier programming, and reliable and robust components ensuring their operation for a long time. 24


Current mobile IP specification does not support multicast well. In this paper, we first make some analysis about the problems of multicast in the existing mobile IP, including comparing several mechanisms. At last we provide an improved architecture to support IP multicast for mobile hosts using mobile IP, comparing it with the introduced mechanism.


Purpose: This research aims to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of stock portfolios in Indonesia, particularly the sharia stock portfolios and common stocks in response to information sentiment due to the COVID-19 pandemic on the Indonesian stock exchange.

Theoretical framework:  Research by Bash & Alsaifi (2019) and Shanaev & Ghimire (2019) examined the relationship between stock returns through the stock index on political activity or its connection with environmental exploitation (Alsaifi et al., 2020; Guo et al., 2020). The relationship between stock price changes with sports (Buhagiar et al., 2018) and disasters (Kowalewski & Śpiewanowski, 2020).

Design/methodology/approach:  The data used in this study were 564 stocks, consisting of 356 Islamic stocks and 208 common shares provided by the Osiris database. The model testing used panel data regression with a time lag approach, where information on the number of positive cases, deaths, and recoveries due to COVID-19 each week affected the performance of the stock portfolio on that day.

Findings: The testing of the performance of sharia and conventional stock portfolios showed that there is no significant difference in response to the COVID-19 pandemic information, but statistical statistics on Islamic stocks have a tendency to be more resistant to pressure from selling by investors in the Indonesian capital market compared to common stock portfolios, this is proven by the sharia stock correlation coefficient shown to be positive, on the other hand, the stock regression coefficient shows the opposite direction.

Research, Practical & Social implications: This research is expected to be a recommendation material that has benefits for the development of Islamic economics, primarily can be implemented by sharia-based banks in Indonesia and other countries.

Originality/value:  This research focuses on studying the performance of stock portfolios in Indonesia. This research responds to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the performance of stock portfolios, which is focused on Islamic stock portfolios.


The decoding of barcode staff with digital level is the key technology to realize the automatic reading of digital level. According to coding principle that different width of bar code represents different measurement attitude, the relationship of sampling value of two sinusoidal signals and position on barcode staff was researched. In this paper, using sinusoidal image breadth matching and geometrical position, we discuss a new decoding method for barcode staff of digital level and give the calculation formula. With the design of barcode staff based on appropriate parameters signs, the experiment result indicates the feasibility of the decoding method, which will offer important theoretical foundation for the study of digital level.


The present article focuses on Judith Butler's theory of 'gender performativity' and its application to Joanna Russ's science fiction, The Female Man (1975). Butler applies Foucault's genealogical methodology in Gender Trouble (1999) to trace the processes by which identity is constructed within language and discourse. She sees the subject as the effect of institutions and discourses rather than the other way round, which implies that the subject cannot simply be but is always already instituted. She believes that since the subject is always involved in the endless process of becoming, it is possible to reassume or repeat subject hood in different ways. Butler's genealogical critique of the category of the subject coincides with her notion that gendered and sexed identities are performative. She extends Beauvoir's (1908-1986) famous statement that "one is not born, but rather becomes,  a  woman" and suggests that Beauvoir's  claim can be read as a formulation that shows  gender as a process which has neither origin nor end, so that it is something that we 'do' rather than we 'are'. Gendered identities are therefore performative i. e., based on repetition and since the repetitions which form the subject's identity never finish, gender identity is never fixed. Russ (1937-2011) depicts four women from different worlds with different attributes which affirms Butler's belief in performativity of gender that challenges the presumed fixed gender identities. Keywords: Joanna Russ; The Female Man; s cience fiction; gender performativity; womanhood DOI: http://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2016-2201-13


Sequential development of electron microscopic changes in the rabbit parathvroid gland was monitored during induction of parathyroiditis by 48 hours of ozone 0.75 ppm dosage regimen. By 4 to 7 days, electron microscopy revealed prominence of poly- ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, secretorv granules, microtubules, and frequent infoldings of the plasma membrane. Presumably this was the stage of parathyroid hormone synthesis. Between 14 and 18 days, ultrastructural obser- vations showed dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum with continuity with annulate lamellae, disaggregation of polyribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and accumulation of numerous solitary free ribosomes in the cytoplasm. The dilated portion of endoplasmic reticulum contained medium electron-dense granular material, which also appeared between the intercellular spaces. The medium electron-dense material assumed the condensed appearance of basal lamina bordering the intercellular matrix. On the basis of the present observations it was concluded that the second set of ultrastructural changes signify the stage of basal lamina reconstruction. The significance of these changes as reparative responses to the inflammatory stimuli was discussed. (Am J Pathol 95:611-32, 1979) fixed in neutral-buffered formaldehyde, and prepared for histologic sections. For electron microscopy, 1-mm pieces of parathyroid gland tissue were harvested. These samples were fixed in cold 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.2 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The tissues were fixed for 2 hours, washed in 0.1 M phosphate buffer for 2 hours, and then postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The tissue was dehydrated and embedded in Epon 812. Sections were obtained with an ultramicrotome using a glass knife and were examined by electron microscopy. l-,u sections were stained with toluidine blue and examined by light microscopy.


Abstract The cubic to tetragonal phase transition occurring at 198K in the fluoro-perovskite RbCaF3 has been studied by the 87Rb nuclei magnetic resonance. In the tetragonal phase, the CaF6 octahedra tilt angle Φ, which is the order-parameter, has been deduced from the quadrupolar coupling constant. Its temperature dependence is described by a power-law with a cross-over from a Landau-type exponent to an exponent β = 0,32 at 150 K. In the cubic phase, the intensity of the Larmor frequency signal deviates from a Curie law twenty degrees above Tc; this can be attributed to the existence of tetragonal domains.


A feature-based technique is presented for 3D motion and structure estimation of rigid objects from a sequence of images. Considered is a feature-based rigid object representation which is more complete as compared to previous techniques. In this approach the features provide information regarding the location and type of significant object components and connections. A robust enhanced Hough transform (HT) approach is proposed for line and junction detection. Based on a perspective projection imaging model the extracted feature points of an object are for estimating its 3D motion and structure parameters by means of the unscented Kalman filter (UKF). The performances of the HT-based feature extractor and the UKF are illustrated via simulation results.


In This article we well Introduce the production of Crude Phenols from coal tar. It is Contrasted between Intermittent sulfuric acid decomposition method and Continuous decomposition,which used widely in our country,in order to providing the theory for our factory which use Continuous decomposition.