The fundamental responsibility of internal audit is to serve for the organization governance. The transformation of the PBC's internal audit from traditional compliance audit to modern management audit is the inevitable requirement to keep up with the development trend of the international and domestic internal audit and conform to the development of PBC's carrying out its mandate.Since 2011, Xining Provincial Capital Sub-branch of PBC has comprehensively implemented the transformation planning of the internal audit, tamped the foundation, strived for the real innovation, and effectively promoted the internal audit transformation and scientific development. The paper summarizes the innovative practice of the internal audit transformation of Xining Provincial Capital Sub-branch of PBC, analyzes the current problems which restrict the transformation of PBC's internal audit, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions on promoting the development of PBC'S internal audit transformation.


Baptists are much better known for fighting than for peacemaking. They emerged as a distinct denomination in the seventeenth century during an era of political unrest and experienced rapid growth during the English Civil Wars. Baptists fought in Oliver Cromwell's army, some achieving prominent positions, and Baptist churches were formed by soldiers in many places. A confession of faith in 1651, for example, was addressed "to all the Saints and Churches of God, who walk according to the commands of Jesus Christ, in England, Wales, Army, or else-where."


In this paper we have done performance comparisons of mobile ad hoc network's protocol with its quality of service factors. It is seen that mobile ad hoc networks will be an integral part of next generation networks because of its flexibility, infrastructure less nature, ease of maintenance, auto configuration, self administration capabilities, and costs effectiveness. This research paper shows comparison within mobile ad hoc networks' routing protocols from reactive, proactive and hybrid categories. We comprehensively analyzed the results of simulation for


Based on MPEG-21,this paper builds an extensible and open framework able to integrate multiple types of adapting software components and distributed nodes with specialized adaptation tools so as to realize Universal Multimedia Access(UMA).By extending the user environment description tool to realize the description of the capabilities of nodes,standardized tools can be used to process the information exchanged between the content server and adapting node to lower the system complexity and to improve overall performance.


A well calibrated free-carrier absorption (FCA) technique was used to characterize the physical properties of P-I-N diode samples at different temperatures and injection levels. The measurements were compared with simulations in order to check the validity of some models and parameters which commonly appear in the simulation programs. The samples, as well as measurement temperatures (30-150°C) and injection levels (1015-1017cm-3), are typical for the driving conditions of power devices.


The present invention discloses a method for controlling a three-phase inverter based on four mode switching, the control method implemented by the work of four different modes in the combinations of four different working sectors, comprising the steps of: 1) determining sectors where the voltage vector phase inverter for an output corresponding to the sector where obtained, the synthesis voltage vector two working modes; 2) determine the operating time of the two working modalities, according to the operating time and generates two switching the operating mode of the sequence; 3) according to the switching sequence control two working modes synthesis voltage vector, so that a circular locus rotating sinusoidal three-phase inverter output line voltage. Three-phase inverter control method of the present invention under the same output sinusoidal line voltage, in comparison with SVPWM control strategy, the number of circuits employed in the modal reduced by 1/3, the power switch switching frequency of the three-phase inverter 7/12 reduced, thus effectively reducing the switching frequency and losses of the three-phase inverter.


Aneurysm may be classified into intracranial and extracranial according to its location. Extra cranial aneurysm is relatively uncommon compared to intracranial aneurysm and it is rare in the middle ear cavity. The causes of extracranial aneurysm include atherosclerosis, dysplasia, blunt or penetrating trauma, local radiotherapy, acute dissection and infective lesions. Among the extracranial aneurysm, it is reported that carotid aneurysm in the temporal bone may be confused with glomus body tumor, which is usually larger. A typical presentation is pulsatile mass and it may accompany neurologic symptoms. We report a case with a review of literature of an external carotid aneurysm in the jugular fossa and middle ear cavity. � Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2012;55:255-7 Key WordsZZAneurysm ㆍJugular fossa ㆍTinnitus.


Flexibility needs for managing terminal operations are proposed to be accomplished in the future by issuing Area Navigation (RNAV) and Required Navigation Performance (RNP) procedure changes. The aircraft response latency and variability introduced by choosing to issue RNAV and/or RNP procedure changes in lieu of radar vectoring must be considered due to the time-critical nature of Air Traffic Control (ATC). Among the causes for latency and latency variability in aircraft response is flight deck procedure loading requirements. A Keystroke Level Model was used to estimate task execution times for loading three types of RNAV procedure changes in two simulated Flight Management Systems (FMS), the Honeywell Pegasus model and a Smiths U10.6 model, using Aerosim Technologies Inc. desktop simulator software. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted for each procedure change type to evaluate differences in task execution times across FMS types. Significant differences were shown for runway transition procedure change execution times, F (1, 12) = 11.55, p < 0.01. A second comparison of task execution times for achieving similar operational outcomes by issuing either a RNAV Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) procedure change or a RNAV runway transition change was made. A one-way ANOVA, conducted for each FMS type, showed significant differences between the RNAV STAR and runway transition procedure change execution times, F (1, 4) = 69.58, p < 0.01 for the Honeywell Pegasus and F (1, 4) = 13.81, p = 0.02 for the Smiths U10.6 FMS models. Results provide an initial understanding of aircraft response latency associated with loading RNAV procedure changes in the FMS and latency variance across FMS types.


Abstract Ecopsychologists theorize that a sense of connection to nonhuman nature inspires empathy that should lead to proenvironmental behavior. Widely used measures of connectedness to nature consist largely of items we suspect may be endorsed by individuals who feel affectively or spiritually connected to nature yet rarely, if ever, subjectively experience their fundamental physical interdependence with the larger ecosystem. In this paper, we borrow the phrase "participation in nature" (PIN; Elpel, 1999) to refer to activities that involve unmediated intimate interaction with, and immersion in, the wild ecosystem for the purpose of meeting one's basic survival needs. We suggest that these activities represent a form of corporeal connection to nature that is not captured by existing conceptualizations and measures. To explore the relationship between PIN, existing measures of connectedness to nature, and environmental behavior, we surveyed 50 participants at a weeklong earth-living skills gathering, some...


"Though [Ludwig] Lewisohn lacked to a remarkable degree the ability to look beyond his own ideas," wrote the literary critic and memoirist Alfred Kazin, "he had at least one paramount service to perform, and he failed in it as much for reasons beyond his control as through his own rigidity of mind and supreme lack of humility. For what Lewisohn was always declaiming, out of his self-consciousness in America and his Hebraism, was . . . that if a writer is not rooted in a native culture, if he does not belong or find happiness in his belonging, he is nothing."See Alfred Kazin, On Native Grounds: An Interpretation of Modern American Prose Literature (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1942), pp. 280–281.


This paper examines selected legal regulations related to the organization of the elections for the office of the President of the Republic of Poland in 2020 in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the author's opinion, the issue of criminal-law protection of voting deserves scholarly attention. Considerations will be made in relation to the law enacted in 2020 in the conditions of the Sars-CoV-2 virus spreading. With regard to specific issues, the research was based on the views of the doctrine, judicial decisions and documents of the Council of Europe on electoral law. The purpose of this article is to investigate the institutions of electoral criminal law established in the episodic act in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. The legal regulation analysed in this study has not been implemented because the prohibited acts specified in Art. 18 of the Act of April 6, 2020 have been repealed by the Act of June 2, 2020.


Partial discharge causes mainly the insulation deterioration. It is the significant symptom and manifestation, and is an important factor of the insulation failure for the electrical power equipment. On the basis of analyzing the physical model of partial discharge, this paper used the online monitoring technology of partial discharge that combines the ultra high frequency (UHF) method and the acoustic emission (AE) method, studied the fault pattern recognition method of partial discharge based on the case-based reasoning algorithm, and established the intelligent fault identification system of partial discharge based on the case-based reasoning. The system can accurately and reliably identify the fault mode type, the specific fault location and severity of partial discharge for the electrical power equipment to make the health evaluation and improve the reliability. Through the application of the new materials and new technology, the load loss of the transformer can drop by 15%, the no-load loss can decline by 50% and the fee of electricity loss can down by 32.5%.


Refinement of carbide particles by cryotreatment is often proposed as a major factor for the improvement of wear resistance in tool steels. However, this proposition is not substantiated by experimental evidence. This has been examined in this report by (i) detailed micro-structural analyses of the nature, volume fraction, size, population density and distribution of carbide particles, (ii) XRD and EDX micro-analysis on the bulk samples and electrochemically extracted carbides, and (iii) measurement of hardness and wear rate of a series of differently cryotreated AISI D2 steel. The results conclusively establish that (i) cryotreatment, in comparison to conventional treatment, induces precipitation of finer carbides with higher volume fraction and more uniform distribution, and (ii) population density and the size of secondary carbide particles significantly increases with holding time up to a critical duration at 77 K in cryotreatment. The latter observation indicates the pioneering direction towards optimization of cryotreatment design for techno-economic benefit.


ABSTRACT: Since the first reports of boar castration, the anesthesia, surgery, and especially the restraint for surgical wound management of large and strong boars may be challenging. Most frequent complications include hemorrhage, excessive edema, infection, abscess, scirrhous cord, inguinal hernia, seroma, hematoma, and death. In order to diminish those complications, we hypothesized that the pre-scrotal approach would be a successful method for orchiectomy in boars and that the complication rate would be low, facilitating post-surgical handling on the commercial swine breeding farms by the owners or handlers. Therefore, the present study aimed to describe our experience performing castration in boars using a pre-scrotal approach on farm-setting. Thirty commercial-breed male boars (weighing 255-410kg) were submitted to dissociative anesthesia protocol and local anesthesia. An 8-10cm skin incision was made cranially to the hemiscrotum, and subcutaneous tissue was bluntly dissected, reaching the tunica dartos, fascia, and vaginal tunica. Mesorchium was bluntly dissected to separate, and a double size-0 transfixion ligature was placed around the spermatic cord that was sharply transected. The procedure was repeated on the contralateral testis using the same skin incision. Short-term complication was restricted to mild scrotal edema in 12 (40%) boars. No wound exudate, surgical site infection or death related to the surgery was recorded. On the long-term follow-up (≥4 months' post-surgery), all owners stated that the boar was subsequently used as intended (slaughter after the proper boar taint withdrawal time) and their satisfaction with the low degree of difficulty in handling the post-operative care. Herein, the overall complication rate was considered low, the mortality rate was zero, and the pre-scrotal castration approach was successfully performed in all boars. These features confirm the technique as a safe procedure for orchiectomy in boars. Additionally, abolishing the daily dressing of surgical wounds required in open castration techniques, especially when surgical site infection occurs, may provide better welfare for the boars.


The present study was undertaken to compare the efficiency of two Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi Glomus mosseae (G), Acaulospora laevis (A) along and in combination with Pseudomonas fluorescens (P), Trichoderma viride (T) and growth regulators like salicylic acid and kinetin and nutrients like sucrose and NaCl on the vase life of Chrysanthemum flowers. Different parameters like visible effect, flower diameter, volume of holding solution, vase life and peroxidase activity was recorded at 0, 8 and 16 days of holding cut flowers in 100 ml different solutions. The maximum vase life was observed in T12 (G+A+T) treatment (15.66±0.57), followed by T7 (G+T) 15.33±0.57, T2 (G) 14.66±0.57, T3 (A) 14.33±0.57 and kinetin (14.33±0.57). Triple inoculation of (G+A+T) treated flowers showed lesser peroxidase activity 0.024± 0.004 mg m on 0-day stage 10 to 0.123± 0.004 mg m on 15-day stage, as compared to flower placed in other solutions. So, it is evident from 10 our result that the vase life of Chrysanthemum flowers increased by inoculation of different bioinoculants as compared to the treated with different growth regulators and nutrients.


Methods are developed for increasing the fidelity of difference approximations to partial differential equations. For simplicity, the discussion is limited to explicit difference approximations to a first order equation, but the train of thought which is followed is more widely applicable. A relation between the discretization error and the exact and approximate amplification factors is derived. Based upon this relation, quantitative criteria for the minimization of dissipation and dispersion are derived, and difference schemes which satisfy these criteria are constructed. These difference schemes are applied to several test-cases, together with a few other well-known schemes. The merits of the various schemes are discussed.


This research aimed in at least a preliminary way to simulate and approximate red water events in a water pipeline system. An abrupt change in flow regime creates an aggressive shear force, sometimes causing the deposited particles at the pipe wall to be re-suspended and carried with the bulk flow. In this study, a one-dimensional (1-D) transient simulation model is proposed, by which the turbidity of water is modeled with a transport equation, which is then coupled with the continuity and momentum equations for flow. Using the Taylor's turbulence model, an implicit/explicit finite difference model (FDM) is superposed with a fixed grid method of characteristics (MOC) to numerically integrate the governing equations for the unknown flow parameters including water turbidity. The research applied Boxall's approach to determine the water turbidity in the system. The study presented the particle swam optimization (PSO) technique to calibrate the parameters in Boxall's approach. Finally, the model's results for a reservoir-pipe-valve system were compared with the available field data reported in the literature by other researchers. The overall agreement of the two sets of results supports the basic validity of the proposed 1-D model.


Skin is the most visible part of our body. Skin is said to be the outer layer of the body and it is also said to be the largest organ of our body. So when the skin is affected it is more visible to each and everyone around the affected person. This affects the mental state of the skin disease affected person so they suffer emotionally, physically, financially also. Hence the affected person not only suffers from the skin disease but also emotionally. Once the skin diseaseis spotted, it is more important to identify which category of disease is occurred and accordingly, the treatment has to be given in order to cure the disease as soon as possible. To identify what kind of disease occurred there should be a clear understanding of the disease and based on it the classification has to be taken place so that the disease can be easily identified to which category it belongs. Many classifications of skin disease have been done by many scholars a few are taken based on the technique and image processing and they have been overviewed in this paper.


Purpose: To assess the MR imaging features in differentiating a chondroblastoma (CB) from a giant cell tumor (GCT), with an emphasis on the accompanying peritumoral bone marrow edema. Materials and Methods: MR imaging findings in 20 patients with CB were compared with the imaging features of 22 patients with GCT. The location of the lesion, signal intensity, adjacent cortical change, degree of accompanying bone marrow edema, synovitis in the adjacent joint and cystic change were analyzed. The findings of CB and GCT were examined statistically with use of Fisher's exact test. Results: The incidence ratios of MR imaging findings were as follows (CB:GCT). Metaphyseal dominant involvement (2:21), partial cortical disruption (2:14), extensive bone marrow edema surrounding the tumor (14:0) and synovitis in the adjacent joint (11:2) were statistically different in incidence between CB and GCT (p


Smell is the second-most used sense in marketing strategies in the food industry. Sensory marketing appeals to the senses with the aim of creating sensory experiences and converting them into specific emotions associated with a specific product. There is a strong relationship between sensory marketing, aromachology, and neuroscience. In this review, studies were searched on the use of scents in food experiences such as restaurants and food establishments, and a critical evaluation was performed on their aims, target population, place of the study, scents tested, foods tested, and measured parameters, and the main findings were reviewed. Case studies carried out by private companies are also presented. A small number of scientific studies on aromachology related to food are available, and most of them are conducted in artificial laboratory conditions. Methodological procedures largely diverge among studies, making them very difficult to compare and extrapolate results. There is a clear need for research on aromachology related to food in the fields of sensory marketing and appetite modulation. After a brief presentation of the state of the art, we briefly mention future improvements and ideas for future research.


Preface \ Part One: The Question \ 1. The Problem of Justice \ 2. Elements of the Problem \ Part Two: Social Justice \ 3. The Origins of Social Justice \ 4. The Socialistic Conception of Social Justice \ 5.Non-Discrimination \ Part Three: Justice \ 6. The Concept of Ethics \ 7. The Concept of Justice \ 8. Some Conclusions \ Appendix: A Note on Hegel and Kant \ Acknowledgements \ Notes \ Bibliography \ Index.


Electromagnetic environment situation is an important part of battlefield situation, which plays an important reference role in battlefield situation and battlefield threat assessment, and can provide a strong basis for combat command. To better grasp the electromagnetic environment situation, from the time domain, spatial domain, frequency domain, energy and so on, we put forward 10 from the trend of the state and characterization of indicators, to systematically describes the electromagnetic environment situation, based on the adaptive neural fuzzy system (ANFIS) electromagnetic environment situation assessment model was constructed, according to the evaluation results to detect electromagnetic environment changes. The evaluation ability of the model is verified by experiments with the short-wave spectrum monitoring data, and the function of abnormal situation detection in electromagnetic environment is realized.


In this paper, an intelligent system that can locate and identify the lecturer in a smart environment is presented. The purpose of the presented system is to provide technologies that can assist the lecturer during his/her presentation and to facilitate lecture retrieval by means of the identity of the lecturer. The system consists of two main building blocks, a robust face detector based 3D position generation fusing 2D face locations from multiple camerasand a novel face identification system that utilizes data coming from multiple cameras and video. The performance of the system is tested on the seminar data collected under the CHIL project.


Suppose the signal x is realized by driving a k-sparse signal u through an arbitrary unknown stable discrete-linear time invariant system H. These types of processes arise naturally in Reflection Seismology. In this paper we are interested in several problems: (a) Blind-Deconvolution: Can we recover both the filter $H$ and the sparse signal $u$ from noisy measurements? (b) Compressive Sensing: Is x compressible in the conventional sense of compressed sensing? Namely, can x, u and H be reconstructed from a sparse set of measurements. We develop novel L1 minimization methods to solve both cases and establish sufficient conditions for exact recovery for the case when the unknown system H is auto-regressive (i.e. all pole) of a known order. In the compressed sensing/sampling setting it turns out that both H and x can be reconstructed from O(k log(n)) measurements under certain technical conditions on the support structure of u. Our main idea is to pass x through a linear time invariant system G and collect O(k log(n)) sequential measurements. The filter G is chosen suitably, namely, its associated Toeplitz matrix satisfies the RIP property. We develop a novel LP optimization algorithm and show that both the unknown filter H and the sparse input u can be reliably estimated.


The accelerating shortage of organs has stimulated the use of extended criteria or marginal deceased donors. The unfavorable recipient outcome associated with the use of a marginal deceased donor graft is balanced against the benefit of increasing the donor pool and an early transplant. In living donor liver transplantation, however, a marginal donor may have a more widely variable definition and implications for the risk of the recipient, the donor, or both. A living donor may be considered marginal because of an increased risk for the recipient alone, like in the use of an ABO-incompatible liver graft, or for the donor alone, like in a donor with comorbidity. Occasionally, a marginal graft such as a small-for-size left lobe graft may increase the risk of the recipient and yet protect the donor's safety. Because the safety of a living donor is always the primary concern, marginal living donors with increased operative risks are generally not acceptable. Pretransplant evaluation of a potential living donor according to a planned protocol and criteria is therefore mandatory to identify and exclude the high-risk marginal donor. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is recognized increasingly as a distinct cause of liver disease, which is frequently asymptomatic. NASH is characterized histologically by steatosis, hepatocellular injury, and fibrosis and it is obvious that resection and transplantation of nearly two-thirds of such an unhealthy liver would put both the donor and the recipient at extra risk. In addition, in the longer term, NASH may lead to progressive fibrosis, possible in up to one-third of cases, and may be a cause of cryptogenic cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma. When this happens, a previous hepatic resection for liver donation would seriously compromise the prospects for appropriate treatment. Hence, there is no doubt that NASH is a high-risk marginal graft for both the donor and recipient and should be a contraindication for living liver donation. Pretransplant evaluation should be conducted to identify and exclude such donors. In this issue of the Journal, Yamamoto et al. presented a retrospective study on the Kyoto University experience of living liver donors with NASH (1). Among 263 right lobe donors, review of a protocol zero-hour liver biopsy showed the presence of fatty change 5% in 17.9% of donors. A diagnosis of NASH was established in three (1.1%), one of whom developed liver failure after operation and died 9 months later despite receiving a domino liver graft. Yamamoto et al. described in detail the death of the donor with NASH and, for obvious reasons, concluded that patients with NASH should be excluded from potential donor lists. Unfortunately, there was undue emphasis that the postoperative course of the other two donors with NASH was uneventful without complications and the steatosis and fibrosis gradually decreased in the recipients. Yet, what was more important but missing was whether there was any biochemical, radiologic, or even histologic evidence of disease progression in these 2 donors. Longterm follow up of these two donors should continue, but the lack of any demonstrable unfavorable outcome would in no way change the conclusion that potential donors with NASH, even of the mildest degree, should be excluded. It is not appropriate to compare the incidence of fatty change or NASH among right lobe liver donors with that of the general population or deceased donors. Living donors are selected young, healthy individuals with normal liver and it is expected that the preoperative evaluation should have excluded potential donors with an unhealthy liver such as significant fatty change or NASH. Nonetheless, the incidence of NASH in this cohort of right lobe donors was 1.1% and was indeed comparable to that of 1.2% as reported in the general population in Japan (2). Why did the preoperative evaluation fail to identify the high-risk donors with NASH? Liver biochemistry and radiologic imaging are insensitive for the diagnosis of NASH and the cornerstone of diagnosis is a liver biopsy. In fact, all three donors with NASH had features suggesting that they were at high risk. All three were middle-aged women with body mass indices 28 kg/m. At least two had liver-to-spleen computed tomography attenuation values ratio of 1.1, which had been taken as the cutoff value indicative of more than moderate steatosis. The donor who died after operation had abnormal liver function with elevation of transaminases and an alanine aminotransferase level higher than the aspartate aminotransferase level typical of NASH. The intraoperative finding of a slightly yellowish liver with a round edge should also ring a bell. If a liver biopsy had been taken and examined at any stage preoperatively or even during operation, the diagnosis of NASH should have been obvious and the operation aborted. It was not clear what the exact protocol and criteria for liver biopsy were. The arguments against a routine preoperative liver biopsy for all potential donors are valid but the risk of a biopsy is definitely justified when there is clinical, biochemical, radiologic, or visual evidence that the potential donor's liver may not be normal. A policy of selective liver biopsy for potential donors with high body mass index, insulin intolerance, liver dysfunction, or steatosis on radiologic imaging or even at surgery should be adopted to exclude donors with NASH. In highCentre for the Study of Liver Disease, and Departments of Surgery, University of Hong Kong Medical Centre, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China. Address for correspondence: Professor Chung-Mau Lo, M.S., F.R.C.S.(Edin.), F.R.A.C.S., F.A.C.S., Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong Medical Centre, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Received 23 August 2006. Accepted 31 August 2006. Copyright © 2007 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISSN 0041-1337/07/8303-265 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000250675.55779.dd


Wetting presents in two forms, enuresis and incontinence. Enuresis is defined as wetting when no underlying anatomical or functional abnormality of the urinary tract can be detected. A diagnosis of incontinence implies the presence of an underlying anomaly that requires investigation and treatment. However, the diagnosis of incontinence in children is not simple. When an adult presents with wetting the diagnosis of incontinence is automatic, but most wetting children will be enuretic and in the majority spontaneous improvement is to be expected. Many children are labelled as enuretic and incontinence is missed. The art of paediatrics is to recognise the incontinent patient. This can be done in the majority of patients with a proper history, examination, and knowledge of the conditions that cause incontinence (table 1). Urinary and faecal dysfunction commonly coexist and both systems should be assessed and treated simultaneously.1

View this table:

Table 1
Causes of isolated urinary incontinence

Before discussing the management of incontinence it is important to identify the clinical features that should alert us to the diagnosis.

A detailed micturition history is essential. Frequency, urgency, and urge incontinence are suggestive of dysfunctional voiding, as occurs with idiopathic detrusor instability or the urge syndrome.2 A history of a weak or intermittent stream raises the possibility of bladder outflow obstruction. A patient who has never been reliably dry in the upright position has an ectopic ureter or sphincter weakness till proved otherwise. An accurate assessment of fluid intake is also important. It is now clear that drinks containing blackcurrant and caffeine can provoke detrusor instability in susceptible patients. Emotional or behavioural problems may coexist, but it can be difficult to distinguish between those causing wetting and those that are secondary to it. A detailed bowel history is also required.

The abdomen is palpated for a full bladder and faecal masses. …


Pneumonia is the major cause of death under 5 years. With high CAP numbers in China and growing access to PICUs, factors associated with severe CAP need to be determined to optimize care.


Livestock husbandry has always been the backbone of rural economy in India. It provides the income, employment, nutrition and manures for the poor under privileged farming community of rural India. Intensification and scaling up of livestock size is increasing and traditional form of production system with limited capital and labours tends to move up for achieving economic viability or profitability and avoiding land and water stress or crisis generated through extra demand for food crops, fodder and feed crops. The present study tries to analyze the mechanism of livestock production system, marketing structure and future implications of current socio-political decisions in India. The results of the study show that after launching of operation flood program the livestock sector grown at tremendous pace and the country became largest producer of milk and livestock population in the world. Initially cattle population increased but during 1992-2012 it declined from 206 to 109 millions. Buffalo increased 43 million in 1951 to 108 million in 2012. India is the largest producer of milk with a record of 176.30 million tonnes during 2017-18 which grew up from 56.60 million tonnes in1991-92.marketing of livestock ant their products as meat and milk has been still traditional and controlled by unorganised sectors like village traders, itinerant traders, producer sellers and some commission agents. Rural markets and farm gates in villages are mostly transaction place for live animal trades. Meat industries located in peri-urban areas exceptionally follow some organised channels.80 percent milk trade is performed by unorganised network consisting of producer sellers, itinerant village traders and sometimes consumer himself. Cooperative societies and corporate private enterprises undertake about 20 percent dairy trade. Domestic marketing of meat trade is also undertaken by unorganised sectors especially particular a Muslim community. Poultry and mutton trade has exception which is also undertaken by non Muslim in urban areas. Meat export chiefly buffalo beef is increasing after globalization of economy and agricultural trade This sector presents huge potentials of growth as the population base of the country is expanding and creating huge demand and employment opportunities but government need to established the proper marketing channels, regulatory bodies and standard pricing system. Keywords: backbone, nutrition, Intensification, demand, expanding.


The thesis speculates on the possible influence of Mozart's Requiem on Cherubini's
Requiem in D Minor, concluding that Cherubini's setting of the Sequence ("Dies irae")
was indeed influenced by Mozart's setting of this liturgical text both on the micro and macro levels.


Paralicella tenuipes Chevreux, 1908 and Paralicella caperesca Shulenberger and Barnard, 1976 are known as widely distributed deep-sea scavenging amphipods. Some recent studies based on genetic data indicated the presence of high intraspecific variation of P. caperesca suggesting it is a species complex. Based on published molecular data from the Pacific and Indian oceans and new material obtained from the North and South Atlantic, we integrated the knowledge on the intraspecific variation and species distribution of the two nominal taxa. The study included analysis of three genes (COI, 16S rRNA, 28S rRNA) and revealed the existence of a single Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (MOTU) within P. tenuipes and six different MOTUs forming P. caperesca. The distribution pattern of the recognized lineages varied with three (P. tenuipes, MOTU 1 and MOTU 5 of P. caperesca) being widely distributed. There was evidence of contemporary population connectivity expressed by the share of the same COI haplotypes by individuals from very distant localities. At the same time no signal of recent demographic changes was observed within the studied taxa. The time-calibrated phylogeny suggested the emergence of species to be at the time of Mesozoic/Cenozoic transition that may be associated with global changes of the ocean circulation and deep sea water cooling.


The aim of this article is to investigate the wage differentials between conventional firms and non-worker cooperatives, which has seldom been done in the literature to date. Using French administrative data, the determinants of these wage differentials are analysed. This investigation is carried out across all industries and is then repeated for the banking industry. Taking all industries into account, conventional firms offer lower wages than cooperatives. Most of this pay gap is explained by differences in the characteristics of the employees, jobs and companies. If the focus is narrowed to firms in the banking industry only, it becomes clear that conventional firms pay higher wages than cooperatives but that this gap is explained solely by differences in characteristics. However, their impact is weakened somewhat by differences in the value attributed to these characteristics, which work in favour of employees in cooperatives.


Considering the deficiency of mapping model in traditional image registration, a new image registration method based on evolutionary modeling is proposed in this paper. Multi Expression Programming has been used as modeling tool to build mapping model. To avoid over fitting and improve actual effective, constraints of the mapping function's slope and curvature were added during modeling process. SAR image and optical image rectifying experiment is given in the last. The experiment result indicated that the evolutionary model has high precision for image registration. This method is fit for image registration.


Applying the method of modeling (GM 1,1) of the gray control system, the model for predicting track field results of each individual event at the 28th Olympic Games was established. Through modeling and comparative validation it was shown that since 1970s the modeling of track field results according to the sequence of number reflect the basic trends of the track field result development with good precision. On this basis the model of the results of the adjacent events according to the sequence of number was then established. The gray region of the track field results at the 28th Olympic Games was achieved, which provides theoretical basis and scientific reference for the decision-making departments concerned.


Green Open Space in its development not only functions as aesthetic and ecological, but also has an economic function. One of the concepts of green space that functions economically is by urban farming. Urban farming has focus on making an area have economic function and able to produce its own food sources. Kampung Kelembak is a coastal area with low economic standard of living. So that there is a need for design efforts for Kelembak Village in order to have an economic increase through the use of coastal area with swampland conditions. This research using descriptive qualitative methods with collecting data technique of documentation, interviews and observations. The right solution to the problem of the Kelembak Village is through urban farming with its potential as a mangrove forest which has many benefits, especially benefits for improving the economy of the Kelembak Kampung community.


Advertising is a means to promote a product or service by a producer so that the product or service is known to the public. The development of advertisements began with print advertisements which are now found in various audio visual forms. Audio visual advertising is an ad that combines moving images and sound as a support for the delivery of information. Compared to print advertisements, audio visual advertisements are more attractive because of their dynamic nature so that the communication process in them will be quickly conveyed. Go-jek is a business that is engaged in services that are well known to the public. Because of its wide reach, Go-jek always innovates for the satisfaction of its customers. The innovation is not only done through the services provided, but also in terms of promotion. Go-jek promotion is carried out by spreading information about its services through print and audio visual advertisements. One of the Go-jek audio visual ads on television is the clever version of Go-jek. According to his understanding, metaphor means equality or comparison. In the Cleverly Go-Jek ad version, there is a visual metaphor to communicate to the public about the services provided with an attractive visual.


In this paper, a modified least-squares method is proposed to treat the problem of identifying closed-loop systems in the presence of coloured noises. Using the information obtained by the standard least-squares (LS) method, some linear equality constraints of the estimated parameters are derived for extracting the estimation bias from the LS estimates. With the bias removed, consistent parameter estimates are obtained. It is shown that the presented method can achieve consistent parameter estimation without the modelling of the noises. The theoretical analysis is verified by numerical examples.


Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a disease or continuum condition which is due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. One in five people are infected with HIV are not aware of the infection. Early detection of the infection helps the infected people to take medications to avoid future consequences and reduce the risk of transmitting the disease. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) were the first available drug and were considered a principal kind of medication available to treat HIV patients. These drugs are still successful, effective, and are considered to have imperative solutions for treating HIV when joined with different medications. Investigating effect of this branch of the drugs on HIV and model this interaction has a great of importance to control AIDS.
This need can be addressed by the control system engineering which uses control theory to estimate and design a system. Since Stability is the most significant requirement of the system, and a system of instability cannot be expected for a particular transient reaction or steady state error specification then objective which is needed to be achieved by working on this research is to design a stabilized model of a patient having AIDS. In this research feedback controllers, Root locus technique and Routh Hurwitz method have been adopted to design such an advanced transformative controller which robustly regulates RTIs infusion dosages considering the amount of HIV viruses in infected human body.


The purpose of the present study was to state how parents' educational styles affect over the use of self-regulated learning strategies in a group of Secondary Education students and how mentioned strategies also influence on their academic performance. Four hundred and seventy eight Secondary Education students with ages between 12 and 16 took part in this investigation. In order to evaluate parents' educational styles a set of values was made based on the instrument and the measuring of the self-regulated learning strategies was done through the Inventory of Learning Strategies and Study LASSI. Furthermore, students' marks in three different subjects during the previous year were taken into consideration. The obtained results showed how those students whose parents are classified as democratic and permissive more often use self-regulated learning strategies when compared to children of authoritarian and negligent parents. Besides, it has been stated how this self-regulated learning positively influence over academic successful results.


Modem as one of sets of equipment in communication, can be implemented to radio packet communication data between vehicles (fishing boat). MFJ-TNC2 modem was one of the types of modem data controller which in this research used as terminal data. With KISS (Keep It Simple Stupid) mode in MFJ-TNC2 modem its developed to be applied in ad hoc network. To build this radio packet communication data VHF channel had been used and also ad hoc algorithm was used as routing mechanism. Requirements that used in this research are: protocol communication is an AX.25 using KISS mode, operated frequency in VHF channel using amateur radio frequency with ranges 140-150 MHz. Parameters to analyzed the implementation are: packet length, Packet delivery ratio (ratio between packet receive and packet send), end-to-end delay and distance (using in simulation between nodes and using to route path when implemented with MFJ-TNC2 modem). The first step in this research is integrated modem with PC and radio using RS 232 connector, furthermore is made a simulated to shown the path in order to routed nodes, then designed of ad algorithm to implemented with MFJ-TNC2 modem in ad hoc condition using VHF channel. From implementation using 4 (four) modems, the results are: the measurement with data packet length 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200 and 250 characters for two conditions, indoor and outdoor for end-to-end delay using two, three ,and four modems, increasing of modem linear with increasing of delay (i.e. for maximal characters 250, the result are: 7536 ms, 12872.6 ms and 24505 ms and the other side, delay not influence with distance), but for packet delivery ratio the result depend on distance, that shown from measurement result with 490 meter distance and packet length with 250 characters, delivery packet ratio are 100%, 100%, 86%, 89%, 96%, 100%, 91%, 89%, 82%, 78%.


Abstract : The experimental investigation described here involves the highly accurate measurement of bearing clearances on the order of 10 microinches in self-acting pivoted narrow-slider gas bearings. The experimental measurements are based on light interferometry using a variable-wavelength pulsed dye laser and a CW HeNe laser as monochromatic sources. The light interference in the gas bearing is obtained by flying the slider on a very precise optically flat quartz disk through which the light beam is transmitted. The combined effect of high Knudsen numbers and surface irregularities on the flying height of narrow gas bearings is observed by varying the load on the bearing and the ambient molecular mean free path. The experimentally measured bearing clearances are compared quantitatively with rather accurate theoretical predictions obtained by numerical solution of Reynolds differential equation for compressible fluids with slip boundary conditions. The result of this study indicates that, as clearances in narrow gas bearings get progressively smaller, while the Knudsen number increases to values beyond 0.1, the theoretical model fails to predict the bearing behavior. It is also argued that this failure is because of the weakness of the continuum model. (Author)


The northern paper wasp, Polistes fuscatus. Photo: G. Alpert. Paper wasps are social, stinging insects that build open-comb nests. These nests are often observed on the protected undersides of natural or man-made overhangs. Soft-bodied insects, nectar and honeydew are important food sources for paper wasps. These insects can be a public health concern when they nest near human activity because of their potent sting.


Hackathons are thematic events of short duration that focus on the development of software prototypes. These events normally last from one to three days and they are increasingly popular. However, the interest of women in these events is still low. This paper aims to investigate, from a social-cognitive perspective, how experiences of more inclusive hackathon formats affect interest in hackathons themselves. We adopted autoethnography to systematize the first author's experience as a team participant in a female-focused hackathon. The results suggest that event formats can affect participants' self-efficacy beliefs, outcome expectations and goals. These beliefs may influence perceptions of their potential performance on the team, confidence in their own skills in the technology and perceptions of opportunities in the technology market. CCS CONCEPTS • Social and Professional Topics → Women • Human-centered computing → Empirical studies in collaborative and social computing. ACM Reference format: Luciana A. Almeida and Cleidson R. B. de Souza. 2022. A social-cognitive analysis of a female-focused hackathon. In GE@ICSE'22: Third Workshop on Gender Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion in Software Engineering Proceedings. ACM, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 4 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3524501.3527597


A specific effect of surface modifiers on the active sites of sol-gel synthesized nanocrystalline tin dioxide improving its selectivity to CO and NH3 gases was demonstrated. Introducing PdOx clusters led to the increase of OH-groups concentration, while that of RuOy - to accumulation of active oxygen species on the SnO2 surface. This interplay contributes to increased low-temperature CO-sensitivity of SnO2/PdOx and to high NH3-sensitivity of SnO2/RuOy at raised temperature. Cross-sensitivity tests to CO+NH3 mixtures in air revealed the possibility to discriminate the reductive gases by modified SnO2-based sensors operated at appropriate temperature. The impact of different active sites to the selectivity improvement was estimated. In situ DRIFT studies indicated a key role of catalytic clusters in promoting selective SnO2/PdOx-CO and SnO2/RuOy-NH3 interactions. Possible sensor signal formation processes were suggested regarding the modifiers catalytic action and their distinctive influence on tin dioxide active sites.


The article analyzes the phenomena of studentification and touristification and their impact on the socio-cultural space of the city. The conclusions refer mainly to Krakow, but may also be useful for the majority of large Polish cities. Krakow is a good case study by reason of three characteristics. First of all, it is the second largest academic center after the capital city; secondly, it has grown into one of the most important BPO sector centers in the world (Business Process Outsourcing), which translates into high demand for rental housing; thirdly, it attracts millions of tourists every year. The article shows that along with the progress of studentification and touristification the identity of the city becomes weaker and its social capital erodes. Life quality is drastically reduced, so more often citizens decide to move out of cities, contributing to the depopulation and dying of centers.


A good structure can greatly improve the power and convergent speed of neural network. According this, the algorithm is always a hotspot in neural network research. The whole logistics activity process is researched. And the logistics system network diagram is abstracted from the general construction inside of the network logistics activity, and also the characteristics of the network diagram are summarized. Optimization transportable question is converted into solving the balance point of network system. Technique for neural networks of joint-part of logistics system is applied to optimize the question balance of supply-demand transportation.


Mental disorders affect about one in ten people worldwide. Thus, psychotropic are used on a large scale, requiring attention due to the potential for dependence. The present study aimed to evaluate the prescription of psychotropic in the basic pharmacy of Picuí/PB. This is a cross-sectional, quantitative and descriptive study, whose sample consisted of 100 users of psychotropic. The evaluation was carried out through the application of a questionnaire from November 2018 to May 2019, analyzing sociodemographic and economic data, the patients' knowledge about the use of psychotropic drugs and the verification of the adequacy of the prescription based on Ordinance 344/98. There was a prevalence of females, adults and married, with low education and retired. Of the 100 prescriptions, 17 showed some non-compliance. The most prescribed psychotropics were: clonazepam, fluoxetine and diazepam. Twenty drug interactions were found, the most prevalent being the association between fluoxetine and diazepam. The presence of at least one PIM in the prescriptions of the elderly was observed. It is concluded that the use of psychotropic is worrying due to the indiscriminate use and inadequate prescriptions. Thus, it is necessary to raise the awareness of health professionals with the population regarding the use of these drugs.


For the finite multiplying system of fissile material in the presence of a weak neutron source,we analyses problems on the probability of initiating a persistent fission chain through reckoning the stochastic theory of neutron multiplication.In the theoretical treatment,the conventional point reactor conception model is developed to an improved form with position x and velocity v dependence.The estimated results including approximate value of the probability mentioned above and its distribution given by means of diffusion approximation and compared with those with previous point reactor conception model.They are basically consistent,however the present model can provide details on the distribution.


Background: A quick but thorough assessment of the patient's history and findings on physical examination, electrocardiography, and cardiac biomarker tests permit accurate diagnosis and aid in early risk stratification. This work aimed to analyze the diagnostic and prognostic tools, the modalities of management, and the hospital outcome of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) at Tanta University Hospital in one year.
Methods: This ACS registry at Tanta university hospital is a prospective observational registry for 200 consecutive admitted patients with proven ACS from January 2019 to January 2020.
Results: A higher percent of hypertension, family history of ischemic heart disease and SCD, previous history of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and lower percent of a previous history of IHD in STEMI compared to NSTEMI/UA. In-hospital death, in-hospital reinfarction, and reduced ejection fraction are higher in STEMI than in NSTEMI/UA patients. (P value = 0.015, 0.018 and 0.001 respectively) without significant differences regarding in-hospital congestive heart failure (CHF) and ischemic stroke. History of CKD, higher Killip class, and in-hospital stroke were independently affecting in-hospital mortality. Also, the history of higher Killip class was independently affecting in-hospital reinfarction and in-hospital CHF. Old age and occurrence of in-hospital reinfarction were independently affecting in-hospital stroke.
Conclusion: Hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smoking are the major risk factors for ACS so, controlling these risk factors will improve in-hospital outcomes. In STEMI, most patients underwent PPCI, which was reflected in the outcome. In NSTEMI/UA patients, both conservative and invasive management was done, taking into consideration the risk stratification of each patient, making management easier and with a good outcome.


In 1975 Hanson et al. reported a pattern of malformation in children exposed in utero to phenytoin (PHT), and called it the fetal hydantoin syndrome (FHS).l Since then case reports of this syndrome have been accumulating in the world literature, but only a few cases have been reported in Japan. We now report a case suspected to have this syndrome and also make a brief review of the teratogenicity of anticonvulsant drugs and FHS. The patient was a 9-year-old boy. His chief complaints were heart murmur and delayed mental development. His mother had taken 300mg of PHT daily during the first trimester of pregnancy for epilepsy. No seizures occurred during the pregnancy. His younger sister, who had been exposed in utero to the same dose of PHT during the whole period of pregnancy, seemed normal. No family history of malformation, growth or mental retardation was seen. He was born without intrauterine growth retardation or microcephaly. The delivery was normal. His psychomotor development was delayed: he walked by himself at 2 3/12 years of age and said his first word at over 3. He suffered a generalized tonic-clonic convulsion at 8 8/12 years of age. His height has been constantly below the 2SD level. An examination at 9 revealed the following findings: His height was 121.2 cm and head circumference 52.5 cm. Minor craniofacial anomalies (such as downward slant, strabismus, low-set ears, wide nasal bridge, anteverted nostrils, narrow palate and Vshaped dental arch) and a bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (post-op) were seen (Fig. 1 ) . A cephalometric analysis reFig. 1: Facial features of the patient.


The present invention discloses a method of centralized scheduling in a network element management system, comprising: receiving a batch operation, the batch operation is decomposed into tasks; according to external events, the centralized scheduling tasks; performed according to the scheduling tasks. The present invention also discloses a system for centralized scheduling in a network element management system, comprising: a service execution module, configured to receive a batch operation, the batch operation is decomposed into tasks; dispatch center, for the task centralized scheduling; task data database for storing from the dispatch center; the service execution module executes the scheduling tasks according to the control center.


Summary The present quantitative results, using isolated rat aorta, demonstrate that different [Mg2+]o (i.e. 0.2, 1.2 and 6.0 mM) potentiate the contractile actions of a variety of neurohypophyseal hormones and synthetic analogues on vascular smooth muscle. [Mg2+]o can alter both the hormone-receptor affinities (H-RA) and intrinsic (contractile) activities (i.a.) of these peptides on vascular muscle; 1.2 mM [Mg2+]o (approximately that found in rat plasma) appears to optimize H-RA and i.a. on rat aortic smooth muscle. The presence of [Mg2+]o not only steepens the concentration-effect curves to the neurohypophyseal peptides but increases the maximum contractile responses as well. The present findings question that [Mg2+]o potentiates responses to neurohypophyseal peptides by vascular muscle solely by affecting H-RA. The present study supports the notion that Mg2+ potentiates responses to these peptides by acting at sites other than the receptor in mammalian vascular muscle. In addition, the present experiments suggest that the [Mg2+]o dependence of neurohypophyseal peptides on at least one mammalian vascular muscle-rat aorta- is directly rather than inversely proportional to the rat pressor potency of the molecules. Further, the vaso-pressin receptor which subserves contraction in mammalian blood vessels may differ in this respect from that in uterine smooth muscle. The author wishes to express his thanks to Miss Marjorie K. Nicodemus and Mr. C. F. Reich for their excellent technical assistance. The author is indebted to Dr. B. Berde (Sandoz Ltd.) and Dr. R. Walter (Mt. Sinai School of Medicine) for generously supplying the synthetic peptides used in this study.


Using Transport and Road Research Laboratory research results (instrumented car and computer model), the potential for fuel conservation in internal combustion-engined vehicles is examined in terms of driver performance, vehicle design and operation, and road layout and traffic. The need to balance the value of fuel conservation against other competing factors (e.g. travel time, cost, emissions) is noted. Good driving habits which can contribute to fuel savings without large penalties include moderate acceleration, anticipation of braking, and traveling at moderate speeds. Traveling at off-peak times and not using a car for short journeys can also save fuel, but at reduced traveler convenience. Eliminating the least economical driving practices may provide fuel savings of 10% to 15%. The major fuel-saving vehicle design change would be switching from a gasoline to a diesel or other high-efficiency engine. Other design changes and improved maintenance could lead to a 40% fuel economy savings. The best potential in the road system seems to be increasing capacity and smoothing flow in urban areas. There is a need for further research using various driving cycles (in addition to Economic Commission for Europe-15). A selective vehicle or fuel tax or fuel economy standards may also be required.


By using a high-sensitivity high-spatial-resolution scanning infrared polariscope, we have quantitatively measured a small amount of birefringence induced by residual strain in commercial wafers of III-V compound crystals. From the measurement results in commercial (100) wafers of GaAs grown by the liquid encapsulated Czhocralski method, it is found that the 2D distribution maps of absolute difference (Delta) n between the principal refractive indices exhibit fourfold symmetry accompanying some fine structure such as stripes or line-segment patterns. The magnitude of (Delta) n is about 5 X 10-5 in maximum and the principal axes of birefringence are approximately radially or tangentially aligned. From the detailed analysis of photoelastic effect on the (100) wafers, the in-plane components of residual strains: Syy - Szz and 2Syz are deduced from the measured (Delta) n and the principal angle of birefringence (psi) .


This paper discusses the ideological and political work in the colleges and universities,especially the role of college counselors in the perspective of college students' development.The paper firstly analyzes the main characters and trends of the development of college students.Then it suggests that in view of the current practice,collegiate counselors should identify their roles in college students' ideological and political work in the colleges and universities.


To improve mining accuracy of workflow models,a new algorithm for mining workflow frequent pattern was proposed.Firstly,the Workflow Model depend Matrix(WM) was defined,and set up WM by using workflow logs.Se-condly,using the depend relation of activities as frequent itemsets,an alogrithm was designed to automatically generate frequent itemsets based on WM.Finally,got the workflow frequent pattern by disposing frequent itemsets.The algorithm has advantage in disposing the interleaving relations between activities and workflow models with the serial or parallel relations.


The correct functioning of inter-domain routing is of vital importance to the ever expanding Internet. As a common threat to the Internet, prefix hijackings often hijack traffic destined to some Autonomous Systems(ASes), leading to routing black holes or traffic interception. In this paper, we study two typical categories of prefix hijackings, namely false origin hijacking and man-in-the-middle interception, by extensive simulations. Our simulations are based on a new model which takes both the hierarchical Internet structure and the AS connectivity degrees into consideration. With this model, we explore the attacking/hijacking power of different ASes and their resisting power to this attack, where different categories of hijackings exhibit different characteristics. In addition, we also confirm that our results still hold considering various factors in the real Internet, including hidden links, prefix distribution, and RPKI, a countermeasure to prefix hijackings that is undergoing an active deployment in inter-domain routing. Some explanations and case studies are given to help better understanding of our results, which we hope will facilitate the deployment of RPKI and inspire new research.


Users can upload files (or folders) managed by a file system of an operating system or the like to a desired folder included in a hierarchical folder structure displayed by a rich Internet application executed on a web browser, by executing a drag and drop operation. The present invention uses first and second extended programs that operate on a web browser. The first extended program displays a hierarchical folder structure managed by a document management server in a display area on the web browser, determines whether a pointing device overlaps with any folder displayed on the web browser based on mouse event information set by the web browser, and sets information about the folder overlapping with the pointing device in the web browser. The web browser stores folder information in a bridge data storage unit. The second extended program uploads the file to the folder identified by the folder information stored in the bridge data storage unit.


Objective To prepare a sustained release tablet formulation from the extract of Dioscorea panthaica Prain.Methods Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was used as a hydrophilic matrix of the tablet.The formulation of the tablet was optimized by in vitro drug release test.The effects of content and viscosity of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose,the hardness of the tablet,on drug release were discussed.Results Colorimetric assay for diosgenin was developed to determine the in vitro release of the tablet.The RSD was 1.8% and average recovery 100.3%.The in vitro drug release characteristics followed Higuchi equation and the drug release continued for 12 hours.The drug release rate decreased when the content and viscosity of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose,the hardness of the tablet increased.Conclusion The procedure for preparation of sustained release tablet of Dioscorea panthaica Prain is simple and feasible.


Based on annual data spanning the period 1968 to 2000, this paper empirically tests the proposition that growth in Guyana's foreign debt burden contributed to increases in pressure in the country's foreign exchange market. After controlling for other factors that influence changes in foreign reserves and the foreign exchange rate, this study finds, within the context of the co-integration and error correction methodology, a significant relationship between growth in the foreign debt burden and increases in exchange market pressure in Guyana. Other variables that are found to significantly affect exchange market pressure in Guyana are: the changes in domestic credit, the growth in the relative price of crude oil, the growth in exports, the tightness of U.S. monetary policy, and changes in the level of uncertainty in the local economy.


Presents a new robot path planning method used for path planning in the configuration space by expanding the grid from initial configuration to final configuration, and describes the process of expanding, the line between the first grid of candidate expanding grids to that on the other side and then expanding the grids along this line and concludes that if this line reaches the other side without meeting any obstacle on the way, a path is then found, and concludes that this method greatly reduces the expanding candidates of all the grids, reduces the searching space and speeds up the process of finding a path.


Objective: This study aims to describe the reality of Empu Nie Tempat, as the local wisdom of the Gayo people in guarding and protecting protected forests. This study argues that local wisdom and the existence of protected forests as a source of life have succeeded in binding the Community collectively to become natural guardians of protected forests.

Method: Qualitative methods are used in this study. This research uses ethnographic methods in the research process. Observations, in-depth interviews, and utilization of documents were used to collect data on local wisdom practices that bind, encourage, and control, mediating the emergence of collective practices of the Gayo people in preserving protected forests.

Conclusion: This study found that local wisdom is collective knowledge and control that effectively bind Community collective behavior in conserving protected forests across generations. These findings show that local wisdom and awareness of the Bur Telege protected forest as a source of life unites and reconciles the social life of the Gayo community in Hakim Bale Bujang village across generations. This research contributes to being a reference for relevant institutions in formulating policies; and Generating theoretical findings and conceptual development, mainly related to the mobilization and actualization of local wisdom that ensures ecological, social, and economic sustainability and sustainability. This study will be conducted with ethnographic qualitative.


Introduction Geological background Ophiolites have played a major role in our understanding of Earth's processes ranging from seafloor spreading, melt evolution and magma transport in oceanic spreading centers, and hydrothermal alteration and mineralization of oceanic crust to collision tectonics, mountain building processes, and orogeny. They provide the essential structural, petrological, geochemical, and geochronological evidence to document the evolutionary history of ancient continental margins and ocean basin. Ophiolites include a peridotitic mantle sequence, generally characterized by high-temperature plastic deformation and residual chemistry, and a comagmatic crustal sequence (gabbros, diabase dikes, and submarine basalts), weakly or not deformed. According to this interpretation, ophiolites were allochthonous with respect to their country rocks. They were assembled during a primary accretion stage at an oceanic spreading center, and later tectonically emplaced on a continental margin or island arc (Dilek, 2003). The indigenous dikes of pyroxenites and gabbros that were injected into a melting peridotite, or intrusive dikes of pyroxenite and gabbro that injected when the peridotite was fresh and well below its solidus, are discussed in different ophiolite papers. Pyroxenite formation and contact of gabbro and mantle peridotite are discussed in different articles (Dilek, 2003). When a gabbro intrude a fresh mantle peridotite could not significantly react with it, but if intrusion occurs during the serpentinization, the gabbro will change to rodingite. Geological setting The Naein ophiolitic melanges comprise the following rock units: mantle peridotites (harzburgite, lherzolite, dunite, with associated chromitite), gabbro, pyroxenite, sheeted and swarm dikes, massive basalts, pillow lava, plagiogranite, radiolarian chert, glaubotruncana limestone, rodingite, listvenite, and metamorphic rocks (foliated amphibolitic dike, amphibolite, skarn, banded meta-chert, and succession of schist and marble) (Davoudzadeh, 1972; Jabbari, 1997; Pirnia Naeini, 2006; Torabi, 2012; Shirdashtzadeh, 2006). In this ophiolite, the leucogabbro intrusions crosscut all other rock units.


We demonstrate an ultracompact and robust micro Sagnac loop interferometer by splicing the end-sphered hollow-core fiber against single mode fiber. The device length is less than 450 μm and the extinction ratio can be above 29dB.


This paper underlines the importance of thematic cartography in analyzing geographic space. The efficacy of a thematic map depends on the quality A importância da cartografia temática na análise do espaço geográfico: qualidade de água versus ocupações irregulares no Aglomerado Metropolitano de Curitiba Denise Pinheiro Francisco of the cartographic language inherent to communication processes, through which the researcher must present data using the symbols represented on the map. The greater the accuracy of data and symbology used, the better for the user to understand the analysis of a given geographic space. The Metropolitan Area of Curitiba includes the municipalities adjacent to the capital of the State of Paraná, a target for constant migration. With the increased urbanization, accelerated in the past two decades, water quality tends to get worse due to domestic wastewater thrown into bodies of water of the Alto Iguaçu catchment basin. The proposed thematic map shows the most affected areas in the region.


An optical device and a color display touch green sheet, wherein the substrate comprises a color filter and a green photoresist. Green spectral function photoresist disposed on the substrate, wherein a wavelength of between 480nm to 550 nm, the green spectral function photo resist having a first peak, while the green light in the photoresist through the optical wavelength of 750nm through light intensity greater than the intensity of the first peak penetration 0.5 times. The present invention further provides an optical touch display device, comprising the above-described color filter. The present invention is an optical display device and the touch of the color filter, without increasing the area of the light sensing element, it is possible that the light transmittance of the optical touch display apparatus improved accordingly.


Four very early varieties of edible potatoes Aster, Drop, Malwa and Orlik cutivated in 1992-1993 on the experimental fields in Southern Poland were examined for the contents of solids, total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, and amino acids after 60, 70, 80, and 120 days of vegetation. The potatoes were characterized by the average content of total nitrogen (1.38% dry weight) and high content of protein nitrogen (1.07% dry weight). Statistically significant correlations were found between the contents of total nitrogen and total amino acids (r = 0.83), and the contents of protein nitrogen and total essential amino acids (r = 0.74) or endogenous amino acids (r = 0.80).


Abstract : The report summarizes a study of entrance pressure measured in nine hydraulic models and two laboratory investigations of entrance designs for earth dam flood control outlet works. The experimental data are examined to determine the effects of upstream face geometry, guide piers, and bulkhead and gate slots. Both the two-dimensional and three-dimensional type inlets are considered and compared with idealized inlets. The results are presented graphically in terms of dimensionless pressure drop coefficients for use in estimating pressure conditions to be expected in design practice. Design criteria are recommended.


In this paper, we propose a novel, empirical, and parameterizable model for estimating the probability distribution of wire length for each net in a placed netlist. The model is simple and fast to compute. We did extensive experimentation with state-of-the-art commercial (Cadence) and academic (Parquet and Labyrinth) tools and validated our model. Our distribution model was around three times more accurate than assuming half-perimeter bounding box as the fixed net-length estimate. Since the model is parameterizable it can be easily tailored for different routing tools and benchmarks. This model would be very useful in defining a full fledged probabilistic design automation methodology in which various design metrics are optimized from a probabilistic point of view. We also discuss the application of our model in a novel probabilistic approach to the buffer insertion problem.


Analogous to several USAB reactors which are running in series, ABR reactors have many advantages which aren't possessed by other reactors. In the project of treating with the factory wastewater of HuangGaoYan-the chemical industry dye, combining with high efficiency composite-microbe technique, ABR reactors are successfully applied in the biochemistry technique of anaerobic hydrolysis and continuous aeration. The right design parameters of ABR reactors are the guarantee of successful running.


The application of the principle of critical-point universality to fluid mixtures near plait points is generalized to encompass crossover between the one-component vapor-liquid critical limit and the liquid-liquid critical limit of incompressible liquid mixtures. This goal is accomplished by generalizing the scaling fields to linear combinations of three physical field variables related to the temperature and the chemical potentials of the two components. We show how one recovers from the general expressions for the scaling fields the limiting critical behavior of dilute mixtures near the vapor-liquid critical point and of weakly compressible liquid mixtures near the consolute point. In addition we elucidate the consequences for the critical behavior in some special cases, namely, near an azeotropic critical point, near a reentrant critical point, and when the critical temperature goes through a maximum or a minimum as a function of concentration.


It is very important to establish reasonable cost allocation for heating and electricity in combined heat and power(CHP),owing to relating to their benefits for cogeneration plant and heating consumer.According to anery action in heat supply process in CHP,reduced exergy-exergy analytical model for cost allocation in CHP system is formulated through introducing the conception of reduced exergy and considering ratio of acting energy to general energy.Some practical conditions for typical units are computed and compared with different methods.Cost allocation adopting with reduced exergy-exergy method is more rationable and convenient and practical than existing methods with reference to the physical meaning of available anergy and calculations.


Caliber persistent artery (CPA) is a vascular anomaly presenting as a bluish and pulsatile artery in the subepithelial tissue. Although the incidence of CPA was debated, many CPAs occurred in the perioral and facial tissues at which the embryonal strapedial artery networks were distributed. The present study demonstrated a case of CPA occurred in the retromolar buccal mucosa in a 37 years old male. The lesion showed many pinkish granular spots, but was asymptomatic except biting irritation during mastication. It had slowly increased in size up to 20 × 25 mm for 3 years, and recently became hemorrhagic due to the biting injury between left upper and lower second molars. With the fear of oral cancer an incisional biopsy was performed, and followed by histological and immunohistochemical study. Histologically the lesion showed many tortuous artery localized at the submucosa area, and the arterial wall was thick and its lumen was narrowed and shrunken. In the immunochemistry α-SMA was positive for thick smooth muscle layer of artery and arterioles, TGase 2 was weakly positive for the luminal surface of arterial intima, and bFGF was consistently positive for the perivascular fibrous tissue. But PCNA, VEGF, CD31, CMG2, TGF-β1, HSP-70, and 14-3-3 were almost negative for the vascular tissue. Therefore, it was presumed that the lesion was not actively proliferative nor degenerative but still retained its cellular stability and slow growing potential. It was finally diagnosed as CPA differentially from arterio-venous malformation, hemangioma, lymphangioma, and squamous cell carcinoma. The retromolar buccal mucosa CPA is first reported in this study and may present usual clinical findings depending on its size and location. This asymptomatic lesion could be severely hemorrhagic by minor biting injury, therefore, precise differential diagnosis should be made through biopsy, and careful therapy be followed.


Transdermal delivery is one of the common and frequently used drug delivery routes. Transdermal route has gained more attention in drug delivery due to its flexibility and convenience in comparison to other routes of delivery and it is one of the suitable, convenient, safe and economic way to deliver drug. Herbal drugs are safe and also called as botanical medicine or phytomedicine obtained from any plant portion. Herbal medicines can also be formulated as tablets, capsules, liquids, infusions, ointments, extracts like allopathic systems. Herbal medicines are commonly used because of the minimized or no side effects and cost effectiveness. Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process with the wound environment changing with the changing health status of the individual. Transdermal drug delivery is commonly used system in the management of wound, pain and various inflammations.

The overall aim and objective of the development of transdermal drug delivery system for herbal drugs with wound healing property were
i) To make an alternate to synthetic/allopathic drugs which may produce severe side effects and toxicity.
ii) Herbal drugs were not successfully employed because of the low bioavailability. So to increase the bioavailability of herbal drugs transdermal drug delivery systems were chosen leading to patient compliance.
iii) Filing of patents may be possible.
To achieve there objectives novel transdermal drug delivery systems for herbal drugs with wound healing property were developed.
Calotropis gigantea and Ficus racemosa were selected for this present study. For calotropis gigantea, aerial parts and for Ficus racemosa, bark were used for the research.
The pharmacognostical studies were performed for the above two plants. Macroscopic and microscopic tests were performed. Ash value, extractive value and loss on drying tests were performed and reported.
Phytochemical factors were studied and reported. The quantitative determination of phytoconstituents was carried out by using methanolic extract of plants. Ficus racemosa contains alkaloids 3.31%w/w, bitters 7.16%w/w, flavonoids 0.64%w/w and tannins 43.49% w/w. Calotropis gigantea L contains alkaloids 35%w/w, bitters 33.71%w/w, flavonoids 0.27%w/w and tannins 1.37%w/w. The extracts were subjected to fractionation. The bioactive fractions were collected. The active fractions were analyzed by TLC.
Pharmacological studies were carried out for six fractions, 3 from calotropis gigantea and 3 from Ficus racemosa. From the fractions FRfr3 and CGfr3 possessed predominant wound healing activity. So these fractions were considered for further studies.
The wound healing mechanism for these two plants was based on anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined by carrageenan induced rat model.
The wound healing studies were performed by excision and incision model. The animals were grouped in 8 groups. Positive control, control, CGFR1, CGFR2, CGFR3, FRFR1, FRFR2 and FRFR3. Percentage of wound healing in excision wound model (% wound closure), breaking strength of wound in incision wound model were determined and reported.
The compounds were isolated from the CGFR3 and FRFR3 fractions and structures were elucidated by interpreting IR, Mass and NMR datas.
Transdermal patches were prepared by solvent evaporation method for TPCGFR3, TPFRFR3 and its combination TPCGFRFR3. A biocompatible nature polymer protonal LF10/60 was used to prepare the matrices. The formulated transdermal patches were evaluated for drug content, thickness, folding endurance, percentage moisture content, percentage moisture uptake, water vapor permeability, in-vitro release and in vivo tests. In vitro cytotoxicity studies were carried out. From the results it was observed that the physical parameters were found to be satisfactory. The in vitro release studies indicated that the drug was released in controlled fashion. Transdermal formulations were exposed to in vitro cytotoxicity studies in Balb/c 3T3 cell line using direct contact method.
Quantitative evaluation using MTT assay for the test item CGFR3 (TPCGfr3), FRFR3 (TPFRfr3) and CGFR3 + FRFR3 (TPCGFRfr3) and Blank (Placebo) showed a viability of 86.84%, 85.53%, 86.84% and 92.76% respectively. The obtained values indicated that the transdermal patches were non-cytotoxic.
In vivo studies, the transdermal patches CGFR3, FRFR3 and FRFR3+CGFR3, significantly improved the wound healing activity in both excision and incision models when compared with control group. All the drug transdermal systems showed significant reduction in wound area and significant increase in wound breaking strength. In vivo studies suggested that the combination of the herbals drugs possessed better pharmacological action than the individual drugs formulations.

Stability studies conducted for 90 days at 40oC ± 2oC / 75% ± 5% RH confirmed that all the transdermal patches were stable and good release in drug content. The drug content reduced from 92.1 ± 0.1 % to 91.4 ± 0.4, 93.3± 0.3 % to 92.3 ± 0.3% from the period of 3 months for TPFRfr3, TPCGfr3 and TPCGFRfr3 respectively. The in vitro release reduced from 82.6±1.6 % to 81.7±1.2 %, 86.6 ±1.6% to 85.4±0.8 %, 90.8 ±1.2 to 89.6 ±1.4 from the period of 3 months for TPFRfr3, TPCGfr3 and TPCGFRfr3 respectively.
The present studies indicated
 - Enhancement in wound healing activity
 - Absence of cytotoxicity

Although required qualities were achieved with herbal formulations TPCGFR3 and TPFRFR3, TPCGFRFR3 exhibited better activity in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The in vitro toxicity studies revealed that the formulations were non-cytotoxic. Hence it can be concluded that the newly developed formulation-transdermal drug delivery system of herbal drugs (CGFR3, FRFR3 and CGFR3+FRFR3) was considered to be ideal and effective in the management of wound healing.


In this paper, the effect of UV exposure time on the thermal regeneration characteristics of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) inscribed using 255 nm laser radiation is presented for the first time. This effect is studied in terms of reflectivity, refractive index (RI) modulation and thermal stability of the gratings. Type-I FBGs of RI modulation varying from 2.03  ×  10−4 to 3.38  ×  10−4 were inscribed in hydrogenated SMF-28 fiber by controlling UV exposure fluence from 0.9 kJ cm−2 to 28.8 kJ cm−2. Thermally regenerated gratings were fabricated from type-I FBGs by applying a step-annealing schedule up to 900 °C. The reflectivity of the regenerated FBGs increases with UV fluence and after reaching a maximum value of 46.05%, it decreases. The different behavior of the thermal regeneration characteristics of FBGs is linked with the stress developed inside the fiber during the writing of FBGs and their relaxation during thermal annealing. The theoretical calculations using the defect center and densification model provided an indirect novel approach to estimate the contribution of stress relaxation in thermal regeneration. The work presented in this paper is significant for optimizing the thermal regeneration of FBGs with the final aim of developing a highly reflective regenerated grating for high temperature sensing applications.


A parallel architecture to support an associative system for image classification is presented. The recognition principle exploits the noise-insensitivity and content-addressability of associative memories to achieve robust classification in image processing; in addition, the implementation on a transputer-based architecture makes it possible at attain high structural flexibility, at relatively low machinery cost. After defining the basic associative-classification mechanism, the parallel structure is described. The resulting system proves quite fast and inexpensive, hence applications to real-time environments become feasible. Structural flexibility allows easy modifications to the system to tailor it to different application domains. The efficiency of the proposed architecture is evidenced by experimental results obtained in a real image-classification domain.<<ETX>>


new device for the detection and determination of blood phenotypes, ABO systems, rhesus, RAI and rare phentypes.the device for the determination and detection of blood groups ABO, Rhesus, and RAI and other analytes contained in a biological fluids such as venous, arterial, capillary blood, plasma, urine, saliva comprises a solid support (1) to support the reactive zones, an absorbent membrane (2) to recover the excess of biological fluids, a support allowing accommodating the reactive zones (3), at least one reactive zone (4), a reservoir (5) containing a washing and / or revelation solution and a sliding device (6) .This new device is intended for hospital establishments .


The article related in detail the principles and functions of various links of the chip,explained the floating working conditions of the circuit,with the circuit of inverter,it gave the circuit diagram of trigger system,especially it did a thorough analysis on the protection links.Although this article did not state the actual application of the chip,but it provided a solid rationale for the application,and provided the possibility of mastering the chip thoroughly.


Theexistence ofseparable functions within thehumanclass H general transcription factor TFIID was probed fordifferential sensitivity tomildproteolytic treatment. Independent ofwhether TFIIDwas boundtoDNA or free insolution, partial digestion witheither oneofavariety ofnonspecific endoproteases generated a proteaseresistant protein product thatretained specific DNA recognition, as revealed byDNaseIfootprinting. However, incontrast tonative TFIID,whichinteracts withtheadenovirus majorlate (ML)promoter over a verybroadDNA region, partially proteolyzed TFIIDinteracted withonly a smallregion oftheML promoter immediately surrounding theTATA sequence.Thisnovel footprint was verysimilar tothatobserved withthe TATAfactor purified fromyeast cells.Partially proteolyzed humanTFIIDcouldformstable complexes that were resistant tochallenge byexogenoustemplates. Itcouldalsonucleate theassembly oftranscription complexes on theML promoter with an efficiency comparable tothatofnative TFIID, yielding similar levels oftranscription initiation. These results suggest amodelinwhichthehumanTFHIDprotein iscomposed ofat least twodifferent regions or polypeptides: a protease-resistant "core," whichbyitself issufficient for


The authors investigated the intensity of heating of a moving strip of thermally thin metal on a finite length section by a system of attacking neutral gas jets. The article is devoted to solving the problem of creating a system for heating a strip of moving metal by attacking jets of neutral gas by estimating the intensity of heating a metal strip using mathematical modeling methods. The main options for heat treatment of sheet metal are named. The article describes the differential heat conduction problem and its subsequent simplification, considering the assumptions made to obtain an effective calculation algorithm; the empirical relations selected for calculating local and average values of heat transfer coefficients; and the basic parameters for variant calculations. For comparative modeling, a 20m-long section was considered, where a strip entering with a temperature of 500 °С is heated by neutral gas with temperature of 800 °С. The results of calculating the dependence of average cross-sectional temperature of the strip on its movement speed (in the range from 0.1 m/s to 2 m/s) at two values of the gas flow velocity (20 m/s and 40 m/s) are presented, on the basis of which the authors concluded that acceptable heating intensity is achieved only at low speeds of the strip, and the gas flow rate (in the considered range) is not a reserve for a significant increase in this intensity.


The recent uses of digital technology in war films have sparked a wave of
 discussions about new visual aesthetics in the genre. Drawing on the approach of
 film discourse analysis, this article critically examines recent claims about
 new visual grammar in the war film and investigates to what extent the insertion
 of different media channels has affected the persuasive function of the genre.
 Through a detailed analysis of Redacted (2007), which
 constitutes an extreme case of a fiction filmmaking use of a variety of digital
 channels, this article demonstrates that the multimedia format works within
 systems of classical film discourse while also generating new patterns of
 persuasion tied to new visual technology.


The present invention can be easily implemented for adjusting the steering wheel stably displaced forward during a secondary collision, but also from a low-load configuration and stable steering column support apparatus. Using the connecting bracket (30), the connecting bracket (30) comprising: a mounting plate portion (31), which is fixed to the upper surface of the binding column-side bracket (12b) of the upper plate portion (23) is exposed to the card a given part of the inside of the cutout section (28); a rising portion (32), which rises upward from the mounting plate portion (31); pressing plate portion (33), which from the raised portion (32) to the upper edge extending outward bending. In the mounting plate portion (31) is fixed in conjunction with the upper plate portion (23), between the lower surface and the upper surface of the platen portion (33) of the upper plate portion (23), the elastic clamping the vehicle body a bracket (11), the peripheral portion of the locking cut-away portion (28) of the part, so that the column-side bracket (12b) can be detached in the forward direction during a secondary collision is supported on the vehicle side bracket ( 11).


Our views concerning carbohydrate metabolism in health and disease are constantly changing. New facts are gradually being added to our knowledge of the subject. In attempting to explain the causes of diabetes we have been forced to abandon various theories in succeeding decades. The accumulated results of innumerable investigators may make obsolete to-day a theory which seemed to hold good yesterday. Profiting by this experience, we must ever bear in mind that we should not be carried away by any new theory that is advanced to explain diabetes, even though it may be based on accurate experimental research. In all cases of diabetes, with the exception of the experimental phlorizin diabetes, it is generally conceded that the appearance of the sugar in the urine is dependent on the existence of a hyperglycemia. It has generally been held that the glucose content of the blood normally ranges between 0.1 and 0.2


Background: Anaemia refers to a state in which the level of hemoglobin in the blood is below the reference range appropriate for age and sex. Other factors including pregnancy and altitude, also affect hemoglobin level and must be taken into account when considering whether are individual is anaemic. Objective: To asses and evaluate of iron stores in anaemia of chronic diseases. Methods: a prospective study was done in Ibn Sina Hospital ( Mosul – Iraq) from the first of January on 2017 to the last of December 2017 on (9) patients with mild, moderate to severe anaemia of normochromic normocytic type associated with chronic diseases. Results: The result of this study reveals that anaemia in all these (9) cases of chronic disorders are of normocytic normochromic type and iron stores in bone marrow were normal except in one (1) case was depleted.Conclusion: Iron stores were normal in all of (9) nine cases of anaemia except in one case iron store was depleted.


Historically, the histologic appearance of lung cancer has been used to guide treatment decisions, primarily distinguishing patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) from those with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Three major subtypes of NSCLC— adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large-cell carcinoma—were grouped together as a single entity for therapy and enrollment of patients onto clinical trials. With the recent regulatory approval of pemetrexed specifically for adenocarcinoma and large-cell carcinoma,2 and bevacizumab for nonsquamous NSCLC,3 the discrimination of specific NSCLC subtypes has grown in significance.


The embodiment of the invention provides a communication resource allocation method, a communication resource allocation system, a terminal and a network side apparatus. The communication resource allocation method comprises the following steps that: terminal equipment measures a current signal-to-leakage-and-noise ratio, a user packet to which the terminal equipment currently belongs can be determined through the current signal-to-leakage-and-noise ratio; when the user packet to which the terminal equipment currently belongs is a community center user packet, the terminal equipment receives information corresponding to a center user transmission band assigned by the network side apparatus, and is accessed to the center user transmission band, and performs uplink transmission on the center user transmission band through using transmitting power which is determined by a predetermined power control mode; and when the user packet to which the terminal equipment currently belongs is a community edge user packet, the terminal equipment receives information corresponding to an edge user transmission band assigned by the network side apparatus, and is accessed to the edge user transmission band, and performs uplink transmission on the edge user transmission band through using a transmitting power maximum allowable value. With the communication resource allocation method, the system, the terminal and the network side apparatus of the invention adopted, the suppression of co-channel interference can be realized in a heterogeneous network.


The theory of Product Life Cycle (PLC) can be used as a guide or instrument to formulate and implement a strategy that fits the business environment based on phase analysis of deterministic characteristics in PLC. The organization strategy chosen by a company can be changed according to the environment change. The paper argues that organization strategy selection is an ongoing process. Keywords: Product life cycle, Organization strategy, Changes.


A random recursive forest is defined as a union of random recursive trees. We find the expected number of trees in the uniform random recursive forest as well as the number of vertices of given degree, the maximum degree, the height of vertices, the order of branches, the root of the component containing a given vertex, and the last root of such forests. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


The effects of sex, age, sex by age interactions, and error were estimated from (unbalanced) two-way analyses of variance for 18 morphometric traits in 1-, 3-, and 5-month-old randombred house mice. Variance component estimates generally were higher for sex and age (and lower for error) than were estimates from contributions of sums of squares (SSQ) to the total SSQ, but both sets of values were congruent over all characters. Average variance component estimates due to sex, age, interaction, and error, respectively, were 6, 80, 1, and 13% for all three age groups (population A), but 33, 12, 0, and 55% for only the 3- and 5-month-old individuals (population B). The variance components showed significant heterogeneity among the characters for all categories except the age by sex interaction, obturator foramen length exhibiting the greatest sexual dimorphism, femur length the greatest age contributions. The variance component technique was considered preferable to the SSQ approach to variance partitioning, primarily because the SSQ contributions vary with different cell numbers and/or sizes. Estimation of fixed effects such as sex should be done by treating them as random in a variance components analysis rather than by subtraction of all other effects from the total variance.


Starting from the problem of describing cohomological invariants of Poisson manifolds we prove in a sense a ``no-go'' result: the differential graded Lie algebra of de Rham forms on a smooth Poisson manifold is formal.


Abstract. Objectives. To test whether serum von Willebrand factor (vWf) would be lower in men with atherosclerosis who had been consuming a lipid‐lowering diet for 3 years than in a control group of men with atherosclerosis who had been following their normal diet.