In this paper, we investigate the traffic-sensitive multi-layer low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite-terrestrial network. Massive terrestrial user access to the core network is realized via the backhaul supported by multi-layer LEO satellites. The ultra-dense satellite topology enables a promising solution for the high-capacity backhaul data transmission for terrestrial users. Jointly considering the backhaul capacity requirement and traffic dynamics of terrestrial satellite terminals, we analyze their average backhaul capacity using both stochastic geometry and queueing theory. Aiming to minimize the total required satellite number for fulfilling the backhaul capacity and seamless global coverage requirements, we propose a multi-layer LEO satellite constellation deployment scheme considering the satellite mobility. Simulation results verify the backhaul capacity analysis and the advantage of multi-layer constellation for saving satellites. The optimized multi-layer LEO satellite constellation with any coverage requirement and traffic rate is presented.


The present work investigates the analysis of depth-averaged velocity and boundary shear stress distribution in compound channels with non-uniform flow condition. A quasi two-dimensional model is proposed to assess the flow variables by accounting the physical processes that are specific to non-uniform flow. For analyzing the flow behavior, experimental data sets concerning compound channels with narrowing and enlarging floodplains of previous investigators are considered. The model accounts the influence of momentum transfer on the flow variables through additional shear stresses that are developed in non-uniform flow. Three types of effective stresses produced by molecular viscosity, turbulent and dispersion on the vertical planes are discussed. An analytical solution to the model is presented. Terms associated with the effective stresses are investigated relating them to the geometric and hydraulic parameters. The significance of lateral variation of energy slope is further investigated. For both homogenous and heterogeneous non-prismatic channels, the approach is examined to predict the flow variables with reasonable accuracy.


In order to understand the distribution pattern and related habitat factors of invasive herb Eupatorium adenophorum along the roadsides in central Yunnan,an investigation was made in 12 transects of four land cover types(shrubland,Pinus yunnanensis forest,Eucalyptus smithii plantation,and secondary semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest)in Chuxiong,Yunnan Province.The investigation showed that the distance from roads had significant effects on the cluster number,cluster area,height,cover,and seed number of E.adenophorum.These five parameters reached their peaks at 5 m from the roadsides,and then declined.Land cover type also had significant effects on the cluster number,cluster area,cover,and seed number of E.adenophorum,e.g.,secondary semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest could better inhibit the invasion and diffusion of E.adenophorum.The principal component analysis demonstrated that the entire ecological message about the habitat factors could be symbolized by three principal components,i.e.,"light and biotic factors"(component 1),"water and heat"(component 2),and "topography"(component 3).The coverage of E.adenophorum was significantly negatively correlated with the coverage of trees and their species richness,and positively correlated with light intensity,suggesting that the increasing coverage of native trees under good protection could better inhibit the invasion and diffusion of E.adenophorum.


The purpose of this paper is to outline a program of research which is needed to improve the state of the art of business planning. We have approached this task by relating planning to management science on one hand, and to certain areas of descriptive knowledge on the other. From these relations we have constructed a comprehensive program for research on planning. Some parts of this program are being actively pursued, some are still in need of attention. It is our hope that this paper will contribute to a two-fold purpose: that it will help give the business planner a sense of unique identity, and that it will provide him with a research program which he can pursue in strengthening this identity.


Does the Heisenberg uncertainty principle refer to errors of measurement, or to the spread of values of the physical variables intrinsic to a particle's state, or to some combination of these? The most commonly quoted form of the uncertainty principle relates the spread of an ensemble of separate measurements of some variable to the analogous spread of its conjugate variable. In contrast, Heisenberg's original argument for the uncertainty principle involved the perturbation to a particle's state by a measurement of one variable, which affects one's ability to predict the outcome of a subsequent measurement of the conjugate variable. The relation between these two views of the uncertainty principle is discussed in this paper. A familiar example is considered: an ensemble of identically prepared particles passing through a slit, and after further propagation being detected. From this arrangement it is possible to infer joint (although necessarily imprecise) information on both transverse position and conjugate momentum for each member of the ensemble. It is shown that in this case of joint measurement the product of standard deviations for the measurement outcomes is at least twice as large as the lower bound implied by the usual uncertainty principle. The discussion is meant to help clarify the different roles played in the various statements of the uncertainty principle by the initial state and by measurement error.


More than ten years of international negotiations have brought no resolution to the nuclear dispute with Iran. In January 2012 the EU and US autonomously adopted an unprecedented sanctions package, mainly directed at the Iranian oil industry. Eighteen months later, figures show that the Iranian economy has been hit hard. Sanctions have not changed the regime's calculus, however. Instead of further upping the pressure on Iran, the authors argue for a return to a more balanced dual-track approach so as to reinforce the moderate narrative within the Iranian ruling elite.


The article presents the problem of business cycles of consumer price index of energy between Poland and two grouping of states (OECD-Europe and EU-28). The aim of the article is to assess the level of synchronization of business cycles of consumer price index of energy in Poland and OECD-Europe or EU-28. The main hypothesis was formulated: business cycles of consumer price index of energy in OECD-Europe or the EU-28 have a significant impact on the formation of business cycles of consumer price index of energy in Poland, which results from their strong synchronization. In the paper used spectral and cross-spectral methods, as well as the TRAMO/SEATS method and the Hodrick-Prescott filter for business cycles estimation. The research was conducted on the example of Poland, OECD-Europe and EU-28 on the basis of secondary data of consumer price index of energy from the OECD.Stats (2018) database. Monthly time series from January 1996 to December 2017 were used. Two dominant cycles were identified in all surveyed units (66-months and 33-months). As a result of the conducted research, coherence between 79–97% between business cycles of consumer price index of energy in Poland and EU-28 and 52–83% between those cycles in Poland and OECD-Europe was obtained. In both cases the amplitude of the business cycles of consumer price index of energy in Poland was lower than in those groups. Longer cycles (50/52–66) of country groups were overtake of similar business cycles in Poland, while for shorter cycles (33–50/52) there was a reverse relation. #0# Introduction The article concerns an extremely important issue of synchronization of business cycles between Poland and OECD-Europe and EU-28. On the one hand, synchronization demonstrates the level of economic integration with these groupings, but on the other hand it is the determinant of making decisions and creating long-term forecasts.


Laser interferometric methods for measurement of refractive index profiles of thin film structure have been investigated experimentally and by computer simulation. An expression for the axial image, which incorporates multiple reflections and refractive distortion, has been derived. An algorithm for reconstruction of the profile from an axial image has been developed. The limitations of this approach have been investigated. The optical system produces a high-pass filtered reconstruction of the refractive index profile. For the approximation when multiple scattering and refractive distortion can be neglected, the results have been generalized to the problem of measurement of 3D refractive index variations from 3D images.


The professional qualification of teachers is a derivative of the career development system, the lifelong study model, the expected efficiency of the learning process and others. Motivating a teacher with regard to the need for continuous development depends on the order of the profession with respect to other professions, the remuneration, the satisfaction one gets from the accomplished work and other conditions. The purpose of this study is to discover the mode of interaction of these factors with continuous development phenomenon of every person, and to relate the accumulated experience of one's personal training at different stages with the project for career development of students with educational majors.


Based on the assumption that the behavior of surrounding rocks conforms to that of Kelvin-Voigt model,a method to determine the parameters related to the time-dependent properties of surrounding rocks is established and the ground displacement of a test tunnel of an underground hydro-power station cavern is predicted by using the measured data. The measured data is revised to consider the space effect of excavation face. The total displacement values are treated by regression to derive the displacement-time curves. The formula to describe the relation between equivalent elastic modulus of the surrounding rock and the displacement values at different moments is also established. The case study shows that the predicted displacements by the method agree well with the measured values,so the proposed method can be adopted in practice.


Abstract With the concept of procedural unconscious processes, contemporary psychoanalysis goes beyond Freud, who did not know of implicit memory and the resulting procedural relational dynamics. Today, lack of mentalization and symbolization is regarded as another mechanism besides repression constituting the psychodynamic unconscious. From that theoretical background, the manifestation of early pre-reflexive archaic experience can be conceptualized as procedural transference and handled in a way that takes care of the specific functioning inherent to the underlying archaic states of mind. Using material from the analysis of a narcissistic patient, the merging of episodic and procedural modes of transference and how this affected the psychoanalytic technique are demonstrated.


The utility model provides a magnet therapy eye massager, and belongs to the technical field of medical and physiotherapy instruments. The magnet therapy eye massager solves the technical problems that an existing massager is poor in massage effect and high in usage cost. According to the technical scheme, the magnet therapy eye massager comprises a stick body, wherein an installation frame is arranged at the front end of the stick body, a rotatable magnetic rolling massage assembly is arranged on the installation frame, and a magnetic eye massage assembly is arranged at the rear end of the stick body. The magnet therapy eye massager has the advantages that because both eye balls and acupoints around the eye balls are massaged, eye massage is more comprehensive, the massage effect is better, dual massage functions are achieved, the massager can be used for massage in more ways, more usage functions are achieved, the massager is more convenient to use, a user does not need to purchase more massage instruments, and usage cost is greatly saved.


Path analysis was used to assess the efficacy of the fiddleneck flower gall nematode as a weed biocontrol agent of coast fiddleneck in competition with wheat during 2 yr of field experiments. The path analysis revealed that the number of inflorescences/plant for fiddleneck and the number of heads/plant for wheat were the most important yield components that determine fecundity and seed yield. The density of fiddleneck had a much greater impact on the yield components of fiddleneck than did the density of wheat or the nematode rate of inoculation. The nematode had its greatest negative impact on the number of seeds/flower of fiddleneck and its greatest positive impact on the number of heads/plant of wheat. Path analysis predicts that a biocontrol agent that has a large negative direct effect on the number of inflorescences/plant for fiddleneck would be more efficacious in decreasing fecundity and seed yield than an agent that only impacts the number of flowers/inflorescence, seeds/flower, or biomass/seed.


Palavra-chave: Eleições municipais; Abstract: This paper aims to present general aspects of electoral coalitions of mayors re-elected in the 2016 elections. Data referring to party migration, coalition size and city size were observed. The results show that there was a greater adhesion of candidates to the practice of coalitions to ensure their permanence in the game, in addition to a considerable increase in the size of coalitions.


The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of poverty, globalization, and environmental degradation on economic growth in the selected SAARC countries. This study is employed panel Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) technique for empirical analysis using selected SAARC regions including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka over the period of 1980 to 2018. Globalization impacts economic growth positively and significantly.  In addition to this the significant negative relationship is found between population and economic growth. The results show that poverty is positively related with environmental degradation. Furthermore, the results indicate that globalization is positively and significantly associated with environmental degradation in the SAARC region. Finally, the results show that urbanization is positive and significantly associated with environmental degradation, which could be the serious concerns for the policy makers to control.


Introduces the various means used in the disposal of solid wastes,and the challenges in this field as well.It analyzes the environmental problems and the recultivating in coal mining areas in Anhui Province,produces one solution which integrates the disposal of solid wastes with the utilization of the sunk areas resulting from coal mining,exerts their complementary advantages,solves such problems as environment pollution,agrarian land encroaching,monetary insufficiency and provides a feasible way for the sustainable development in the coal mining areas.


Bayesian optimal experimental design is a sub-field of statistics focused on developing methods to make efficient use of experimental resources. Any potential design is evaluated in terms of a utility function, such as the (theoretically well-justified) expected information gain (EIG); unfortunately however, under most circumstances the EIG is intractable to evaluate. In this work we build off of successful variational approaches, which optimize a parameterized variational model with respect to bounds on the EIG. Past work focused on learning a new variational model from scratch for each new design considered. Here we present a novel neural architecture that allows experimenters to optimize a single variational model that can estimate the EIG for potentially infinitely many designs. To further improve computational efficiency, we also propose to train the variational model on a significantly cheaper-to-evaluate lower bound, and show empirically that the resulting model provides an excellent guide for more accurate, but expensive to evaluate bounds on the EIG. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique on generalized linear models, a class of statistical models that is widely used in the analysis of controlled experiments. Experiments show that our method is able to greatly improve accuracy over existing approximation strategies, and achieve these results with far better sample efficiency.


Spousal influence in the decision‐making process for purchasing consumer goods has been extensively investigated in the academic literature. There have been few studies, however, that have looked at this issue in a cross‐cultural context, especially that of cultural assimilation. Reports the results of a cross‐cultural study of consumer decision making for 16 product categories across three different household samples: US nationals, Indian US immigrants, and Indians living in India. Two major conclusions emerge: the three groups differ significantly in extent of spousal influence: and, in general, the immigrant group is found to be positioned between the American nationals and the culture they left behind, lending credence to acculturation/assimilation theories.


New media studies have attracted increasing scholarly attention as communication technologies become integrated into our everyday lives. New media provide unique contexts to share, record, and extend civic life and motivate civic commitment in the digital era. This chapter addresses the intersection of new media, culture, and political communication by exploring youths' civic engagement in China and Japan through individual voluntarism, civic participation, and political activism. It interrogates the civic use of social network sites in the digital age so as to increase our understanding of intercultural online interactions. Through the case studies of China and Japan, this research adds to the knowledge of intercultural communication in the networked society, with its potential to promote more democratic forms of engagement between citizens and states in the contexts of new media.


Last several years were more than dynamic in the field of interventional pulmonology. A variety of new diagnostic tools emerged on the scene, some remained, some were redefined, and some are still waiting in line to be used. The most experienced bronchoscopists would comment: 'Now we have the technology, what shall we do with it?' Technological advances influence daily practice in interventional pulmonology in many ways. New techniques make easier identification of pathological sites on the bronchial mucosa. That is more than evident in case of autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB) or narrow band imaging (NBI). AFB allows identification of pathological sites even in the absence of radiological signs of disease, such as in cases of positive sputum cytology in radio-occult lung cancers, and it can attribute better definition of submucosal tumor spread. Even with low specificity and high sensitivity, one can never deny high negative predictive value of AFB. On the other hand, NBI could be even more useful, having in mind proposed relationship between NBI vascular pattern and histology of lung cancer. In an era of increased demand for tumor tissue, due to extensive molecular and genetic testing necessary for adequate molecular profiling of lung cancer, this technique might be the additional tool we have been searching for. Proposed five biopsies of tumorous lesion might not be sufficient for all the tests we need. If bronchoscopist finds dotted vascular NBI pattern, having in mind it might be adenocarcinoma of the lung requiring initially immunohistochemistry evaluation followed by further genetic testing (epidermal growth factor [EGFR] mutations, anaplastic lymphoma kinase [ALK] mutations, ROS proto-oncogene 1 [ROS1] mutations, programmed death receptor and ligands [PD/PDL-1/PDL-2], etc.), it is clear why we need more than five biopsies (of viable tissue). If particular NBI pattern appears, some additional risk of taking more biopsies can initially be justified [1,2]. Endobronchial ultrasound revolutionized bronchoscopy in many ways. Linear EBUS with ultrasound probe and camera on tip of the device is useful for evaluation of mediastinal lymph nodes and masses. Even if we know that experienced bronchoscopists, and less experienced but well-trained ones, do know natural positions of mediastinal lymph nodes – some nodes might not be naturally positioned. Linear EBUS provides real-time image of the mediastinal structures, real-time punctures of nodes 5–10 mm in diameter, and insight into relationship with major blood vessels providing extraordinary safety. Radial EBUS, which utilizes ultrasound (US) probe easily protruded through the working channel of standard bronchoscope and connected to the driving unit, provides detection of peripheral lesions. When combined, radial EBUS miniprobes and guiding sheaths demonstrate high diagnostic accuracy for solitary pulmonary nodules and other peripheral lung lesions. Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (EMN), as a new but widely used technique, shows more and more benefit, not only in diagnostic area (for peripheral lesions) but also in therapeutic manner for the placement of fiducial markers for radiotherapy. Major benefit in diagnostics of peripheral lesions EMN shows in combination with other techniques [3,4].


The notion of corporate social responsibility seems to gain more and more popularity as the customers' expectations toward the role of business are changing. That is why enterprises willing to sus- tain or strengthen their market positions need to find ways of pleasing their customers also in this socio- environmental sphere. This has great impact on the advertising. This article tries to consider possible ways how the advertising may change and how it should adapt to the new market conditions. It also re- flects on the ethical side of advertising raising a question if there really are no limits when we strive for our marketing goals. It seems that although controversial advertising may sometimes prove fruitful, it is unknown for how long customers would really like it - or when they start to rebel against the company.


The first meeting of the All Party Parliamentary Group on Ethics and Sustainability in Fashion, convened by Baroness Lola Young.

The meeting explored the contribution that forward thinking UK fashion and textile businesses make to local economies, communities and the environment.

Baroness Lola Young, Dr Frances Corner OBE (Head of the London College of Fashion) and Martin Buttle (Supply Chain Manager at MADE-BY) started the meeting with opening remarks and introductions. Dr Kate Fletcher (Reader at the Centre for Sustainable Fashion) expanded on the Close to Home/Made in the UK theme.

Five shirt presentations followed from UK manufacturers/brands involved in fashion, textiles and footwear: Christopher Raeburn, Dashing Tweeds, Tender Denim, Ardalanish Isle of Mull Weavers and John Smedley.

Ruth Potts (New Economics Foundation) then talked about sustaining local economies and economic well-being. A discussion followed with questions and commentary from the audience, who represented a wide cross section of the industry including high street retailers, press, fashion designers and international organisations.

Through the sharing of experiences, personal journeys, discoveries, traditions, technologies and crafts, many of the joys, pains, challenges and opportunities for UK fashion manufacturing where explored. A momentum to keep building. A feeling of positivity and urgency. A debate to be continued. Actions for now and the future we create.

There was also a Local Wisdom project underway, to record and celebrate the clothes we wear and the ways in which we wear them. Participants shared the story of their clothing and had their portraits taken wearing it in the Westminster Great Hall.


Objective
To investigate the maternal attitude and demands for Institute of Postpartum Care in order to provide targeted services.

Methods
285 women were a investigated about maternal attitude and demands towards Institute of Postpartum Care with self - designed questionnaire.

Results
97.9% (279/285) women thought sitting the month (puerperal period) was very important, 50.2% (143/285) women were interested in Institute of Postpartum Care. They thought the main three advantages were energy saving, medical expertise and technology and avoidance of family conflicts; The three major issues were high price, lack of monitoring mechanism and unfamiliar environment and less family company; 33 items of services demands over four points accounted for 78.6%, the three modules with highest scores were cleaning services scored 4.64 ±0.47, newborn services scored 4.45 ±0.41, consultation service scored 4.41 ±0.53.

Conclusions
Professional postnatal care services have been a trend and social need, and a large proportion of women have great interest and demand on Institute of Postpartum Care which should make full use of its concentrate resources, and provide specific services according to maternal demands for services. It is urgent to build unified service standards and evaluation indicators to improve service quality.

Key words:
Puerperium; Institute of Postpartum Care; Demand investigation


[1] Both high-frequency (HF) and incoherent scatter (IS) radar have previously been used to identify the open-closed magnetic field separatrix and to measure the magnetospheric reconnection rate. The HF radar signature of open magnetic field on the dayside is a high spectral width in the backscatter Doppler spectrum. The IS radar signature of closed field lines is the presence of ionization indicating boundary plasma sheet precipitation. We investigate the consistency of these different signatures of the separatrix and show that the consistency depends on the local reconnection electric field. The two signatures yield a consistent identification of the separatrix at local times where the reconnection electric field is low. In the merging gap, however, where the reconnection electric field is high, the signature in the HF radar signature moves several degrees equatorward of the signature in the IS radar. These observations are backed up by DMSP precipitating particle observations, which indicate that the IS radar technique is properly identifying the poleward edge of the dayside BPS precipitation but also that the trapping boundary of magnetospheric ions and the electron edge occur at a latitude consistent with the HF radar signature of the separatrix. These observations are consistent with the theory that a portion of the dayside BPS is on open magnetic field lines. The latitudinal width of the dayside BPS on open field lines is given by ΔΛ = 0.14°Erec[mV/m]. We conclude that the HF radar signature is the more accurate identifier of the magnetic separatrix in the region of active reconnection.


Two major issues limiting the conversion efficiency and power density of dual-electrolyte Li–air cells are the lack of efficient oxygen evolution catalysts and high internal resistance associated with the solid electrolyte. In this context, the charge voltage is lowered by 0.11 V at a charge current density of 2 mA cm−2 by employing nanocrystalline IrO2 synthesized by a modified Adams fusion method. Similarly, the overall internal resistance of the cell is reduced substantially by increasing the operating temperature of the cell from 20 to 40 °C, resulting in a nearly three-fold increase in the maximum power density. Overall, the conversion efficiency at 2 mA cm−2 is improved from 61% to 74% at 40 °C with the nanocrystalline IrO2. The internal resistance is further reduced by employing a more conductive solid electrolyte at 40 °C, resulting in a maximum power density and conversion efficiency at 2 mA cm−2 of, respectively, 40 mW cm−2 and 80%.


In this paper, on the basis of Huybrechs' strong-coupled polaron model, Tokuda modified linear-combination operator and the unitary transformation methods are used to study the properties of the strong-coupled polaron considering the influence of Rashba effect, which is brought by the spin-orbit (SO) interaction, in the asymmetric quantum dot (QD). The expressions of the effective mass as a function of the transverse and longitudinal confinement strengths, the velocity and the vibration frequency were derived. Numerical calculation on the RbCl QD, as an example, is performed and the results show that the total effective mass of the polaron is composed of three parts. The interaction between the orbit and the spin with different directions has different effects on the effective mass of the polaron.


This paper studies the single step Motion compensation (MOCO) algorithm and its effectiveness in eliminating the defocusing effects on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. The deviation of the airborne platform from the ideal trajectory results in the distortion of the SAR data thereby defocusing the SAR images and degrading resolution. MOCO algorithms are used to correct for these platform deviations resulting in the improved focusing of degraded SAR images. This paper proposes a single step MOCO algorithm wherein SAR raw data is processed using Range-Doppler algorithm (RDA) and phase compensation is applied prior to azimuth compression. The single step MOCO algorithm proposed simplifies the ease of implementation making it more suitable for real-time SAR implementations. Effectiveness of the algorithm was validated using simulated data.


Even for modern diesel engines the conditions during the cold start are far from normal operation. Only cold start aids like glow plugs and intake air heaters guarantee at ambient temperatures below 263 K a reliable start and pollutant emission levels meeting the EC 2000 regulations. BERU glow plugs effect –selfregulating or electronically controlled– a cold start comparable to gasoline engines with a extreme good durability. The latest glow plug development opens a wide range of combustion process control via ion current sensing. Electric intake air heaters support the cold start process in a wide displacement range. Intake manifold burners are applied to large displacement engines and at arctic temperatures.


In this paper,the authors define the conception and connotation of regional tourism development,and explain them.A research framework of strategic planning of regional tourism development,which means "basic researches-systemically analysis-target tactics——deepening researches" is proposed,and the case study on Gansu is also conducted in the paper as well.


The paper provides an efficient approach to fast detecting and tracking motion object with static camera based on eigenvalue of video images and combining the features of inter-frame difference.The result of computer simulation shows that the method is fast and practical in detection and recognition for motion object.


Selective inhibition of physiological late Na (cid:2) current stabilizes ventricular repolarization. Am Physiol Heart Circ Physiol physiological role of cardiac late Na (cid:2) current ( I Na ) has not been well described. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that selective inhibition of physiological late I Na abbreviates the normal action potential (AP) duration (APD) and counteracts the prolongation of APD and arrhythmic activities caused by inhibition of the delayed rectifier K (cid:2) current ( I Kr ). The effects of GS-458967 (GS967) on the physiological late I Na and APs in rabbit isolated ventricular myocytes and on the monophasic APs and arrhythmias in rabbit isolated perfused hearts were determined. In ventricular myocytes, GS967 and, for comparison, tetrodotoxin concentration dependently decreased the physiological late I Na with IC 50 values of 0.5 and 1.9 (cid:3) M, respectively, and significantly shortened the APD measured at 90% repolarization (APD 90 ). A strong correlation between inhibition of the physiological late I Na and shortening of APD by GS967 or tetrodotoxin ( R 2 of 0.96 and 0.97, respectively) was observed. Pretreatment of isolated myocytes or hearts with GS967 (1 (cid:3) M) signif-icantly shortened APD 90 and monophasic APD 90 and prevented the prolongation and associated arrhythmias caused by the I Kr inhibitor E4031 (1 (cid:3) M). In conclusion, selective inhibition of physiological late I Na shortens the APD, stabilizes ventricular repolarization, and decreases the proarrhythmic potential of pharmacological agents that slow ventricular repolarization. Thus, selective inhibition of late I Na may constitute a generalizable approach to stabilize ventricular repolarization and suppress arrhythmogenicity associated with conditions whereby AP or QT intervals are prolonged. isolated hearts delayed rectifier K (cid:2) current inhibition.


A retrospective study of 214 pregnancies in 100 consecutive patients with endometriosis revealed a significant increase (P < .01) in spontaneous abortions among women who conceived within 4 years prior to the diagnosis of endometriosis. A comparison of pregnancy outcome in a second group of 65 patients revealed a significant decrease (P < .01) in the spontaneous abortion rate following conservative surgery for endometriosis. Of 37 conceptions before surgery, 46% (17) were aborted spontaneously; after conservative surgery only 8% (4) of 50 conceptions terminated in abortion.


This work introduces an artificial neural network based efficient speed control for a DC motor. For this task; first, the motor mathematical model is obtained in the digital form. Secondly, in order to be able to develop necessary inputs to drive the plant, open loop control signals, the direct and inverse models of the system are identified by conventional and ANN identifiers working together. After that, a neural controller is introduced, which is trained by a composite error signal. The success of the designed control system is tested by a simulation study considering real conditions to be able to occur in actual operation.


Catalysis
By hydrogenating CO2, scientists can transform a greenhouse gas into methanol, a desirable fuel. Graciani et al. cast copper in the role of the highly active catalyst for this reaction by putting copper particles on cerium oxide. The interface between the cerium oxide and the copper enables the reverse water-gas shift reaction that converts CO2 into CO, which reacts more readily with hydrogen to make methanol. This result takes a step forward in innovating catalysts for this environmentally friendly process.

Science , this issue p. [546][1]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1253057


The development of chronic kidney disease and its progression to End Stage Renal Disease requiring renal replacement therapy remains a significant source of reduced quality of life and premature mortality. The global dialysis population and treatment gap is growing, especially in low- and middle- income countries. In India, 70% of those starting dialysis, die or discontinue treatment in the initial period due to the high cost of treatment and lack of access to dialysis therapy. Achieving health equity requires ensuring access to the resources that needs to be healthy, and addressing social determinants of health involves needs factors that influence the health outcomes. Universal Health Coverage requires an alternate model to address the substantial Out-Of-Pocket-Expenditure borne by these patients for traveling and medications.


The present status of the Soviet program suggests several observations that have a bearing on predicting the future of the Soviet strategic defense program and its implications for the US: 1. The Soviet Union appears to have a continuing interest in ABM defenses, although ASATs seem to be a much lower priority. 2. The Soviet technology fielded to date was well within the American grasp 10 years ago. Where advanced and as yet undeployed technologies are concerned, the difference seems to be smaller; perhaps as little as five or seven years, with approximate parity in particle-beam research. 3. The Soviet Union, possibly more sensitive to prestige considerations, appears to be much more inclined than the US to demonstrate and deploy a technology before it is actually fully operational, and to undertake field modifications later. They also are much more reluctant to retire aging and obsolete technologies. As a result, they presently possess the world's only deployed ASAT and ABM systems, however, doubtful their actual operational effectiveness might be. 4. Soviet strategic defenses tend to be more fragmentary in design, reflecting their difficulties with the supporting and integrative technologies such as sensing, signal processing, heavy-lift boosters, and computing hardware and software.more » 5. The Soviets should also be expected to explore alternative avenues of near-term response to SDI, for example by expanding their strategic nuclear arsenal. 28 references, 1 figure, 2 tables.« less


This article examines the statistical results for several African nations. The country with the highest migration rate in east Africa is Sudan, where there are about 0.24 million migrants every year. Seychelles has the fewest migrants, with only 5,000 people. Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda are the countries that get the most donations. South Africa is the nation in the South African area that receives the highest levels of emigration and remittances, with an emigration rate of 0.13 million and repatriated profits of 489.6 million US dollars. In Botswana, transfers and emigration are at their lowest levels. In our statistical analysis, the Hotelling test statistic shows the population mean vector with migration and remittances for various countries in East Africa, South Africa, and West Africa. It produces statistically significant results at the 5% level in MANOVA analyses for the equality of means test for the nations of all three regions. To construct a panel regression model on the data, the data analysis was assisted by the LM test statistic and a fixed-effect model. Panel data analysis can help identify the yearly average number of migrants and the amount of remittance in different respected regions. Migration has a significant impact on remittances, and the inability of time-series migration data to be time-series migrated is one of the study's main constants. One can use a simulation study to get fruitful results.


The relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) and body mass index (BMI) is still inconclusive. Not only the high rate of H pylori infection but also the increasing higher BMI levels are endangering Chinese today.


This report extends research done on risk and protective factors associated with adolescent substance use by assessing these factors in an understudied population – adolescents in the Seychelles. The paper is well written, adequately conceived, and theoretically grounded. It could be improved if the solid theoretical framework presented in the introduction were more explicitly carried through into the analytic strategy and discussion.


Dodgson et. al., Epilepsia, 2000, International League Against Epilepsy, vol. 41. Suppl. 1, pp. S35-S39.* Lee et. al., Epilepsia, 2003, International League Against Epilepsy, vol. 44, issue 3, pp. 339-347.* Soininen et. al., Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 2007. S. Karger AG, vol. 23, pp. 8-21.* Weber et. al., Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2004, American Chemical Society, vol. 47, pp. 550-557.* Thuile et al., Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2006, Folia Publishing Society, vol. 60, p. 394.* Supuran, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Jan. 2008, Nature Pub lishing Group, vol. 7, pp. 168-181.* Sun et. al., The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Thera peutics, 2001, American Society for Pharmacology and Experimen tal Therapeutics, vol. 297, No. 3, pp. 961-967.* Sevinc (2009) "Activity of Nilotinib (AMN-107) Alone in Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Progressing on Imatinib and Sunitinib (Case Report); Chemotherapy, 55(2): 132-136. Brownlow et al. (2008) "Comparison of nilotinib and imatinib inhibition of FMS receptor signaling, macrophage production and osteoclastogenesis'; Leukemia: Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, 22(3): 649-652. Dogan et al. (2009) "Ocular Side Effects Associated with Imatinib Mesylate and Perifosine for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor': Hematlogy—Oncology Clinics of North America, 23(1): 109-114. Moen et al. (2007) "Imatinib—A Review of its use in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia'; Drugs, Adis International Ltd, 67(2): 299 320. Jabbour et al. (2007) "Drug evaluation: Nilotinib—a novel Bcr-Agl tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of chronic myelocytic leukemia and beyond"; IDRUGS: The investigational Drugs Jour nal, 10(7): 468-479. "Tasigna (nilotinib)—Highlights of Prescribing Information': Inter net Citation (Oct. 2007), 1-12. Supuran (2008) "Carbonic anhydrases: novel therapeutic applica tions for inhibitors and activators'; Nature Reviews Drug Discov ery, 7: 168-181. Supuran et al. (2003) "Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors'; Medicinal Research Reviews, 23(2): 146-189. Breccia et al. (2008) "Ocular side effects in chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with imatinib'; Leukemia Research, 32(7): 1022-1025.


Purpose: In NSCLC pаtients with multiple lesions, the differentiаtion between metаstаses аnd second primary tumours hаs significant therapeutic аnd prognostic implications. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the SUVmаx of 18F-FDG PET between metastatic disease аnd second primary lung tumours. Methods: Of 318 NSCLC pаtients between November 2015 аnd October 2018 аt Bаch Mаi hospitаl, Vietnаm, pаtients with а synchronous second primаry lung cаncer were selected. Pаtients with metаstаtic diseаse involving the lungs served аs the control group. Mаximum stаndаrdized uptаke vаlues (SUVs) meаsured with 18F-FDG PET were determined for two tumours in eаch pаtient. The SUVmаx was determined аnd compаred between the second primаry group аnd metаstаtic diseаse group. Receiveroperаting chаrаcteristic (ROC) curve аnаlysis wаs performed to determine the sensitivity аnd specificity of the SUVmаx for аn optimаl cut-off vаlue. Results: А totаl of 81 NSCLC pаtients (44 metаstаtic diseаse, 37 second primаry cаncer) were included for аnаlysis. The SUVmаx wаs significаntly higher in pаtients with second primаry cаncer thаn in those with metаstаtic diseаse (7.53 ± 4.33 vs. 4.35 ± 2.58, respectively, p<0.001). The аreа under the ROC curve wаs 0.727 аnd for the optimаl cut-off wаs 7.52 аssociаted with а sensitivity, specificity 70.3% (95% CI: 53.0-84.1); 93.2% (95% CI: 81.3-98.6), respectively. Conclusion: SUVmаx from 18F-FDG PET imаges cаn be helpful in differentiаting metаstаtic diseаse from second primаry tumours in pаtients with synchronous pulmonаry lesions. Further studies аre wаrrаnted to confirm the consistency of these results.


Department of Chemistry, Gangneung-Wonju University, Gangneung 210-702, KoreaReceived December 26, 2010, Accepted January 10, 2011Key Words : Bifuran, Anion binding, Modified calixpyrrole Anion or neutral molecule recognition have been one ofthe important areas in the molecular recognitiondue totheir potential applications in biology and environmentalscience.


The EPUE Reg is a 'special agreement' within the meaning of Art 142(1) EPC (Recital 6; → Introduction to this Commentary, mn 125–34). The participating Member States, as a 'group of Contracting States' to the EPC, may therefore 'give additional tasks' to the EPO (Art 143(1) EPC). Art 9(1) EPUE Reg sets out which tasks these are and provides that they are to be given to the EPO. They have been given to the EPO by the Rules relating to Unitary Patent Protection (RUPR) (→ Annex following mn 45).


PURPOSE: To obtain a monoclonal antibody against porcine somatotropin(PST) or an antigenic equivalent factor of the PST, capable of enhancing growth of vertebrate more than the case of single administration of the PST when the monoclonal antibody is administered in combination with the PST. CONSTITUTION: A hybridoma is obtained by subjecting a PST to complete Freund's adjuvant mixing to provide an emulsion, immunizing a Balb/C mouse by administering the obtained emulsion, taking out the spleen thereof after boosting, preparing a suspension of single cells of lymphocytes, fusing the lymphocytes with myeloma cells lacking hypoxantin phosphoribosyltransferase, and culturing the fused cells in an HAT medium. The objective monoclonal antibody PS-7.6, PS-3.12 and PS-8.3 against the PST or an antigenic equivalent factor of the PST is obtained by screening the obtained hybridoma to select an anti-PST antibody-producing clone, cloning the selected clone by a limiting dilution method, and culturing the obtained monoclonal hybridoma. COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO


The Saundarya Lahari is a lyrical and yet powerful set of hymns dedicated to the beautiful wife of Shiva. The authorship of the composition is traditionally and almost unanimously ascribed/ attributed to Adi Shankaracharya though some historians believe it was composed sometime after 1000 CE. (Brown, 1958, p. 29)

The extensive acceptance of this hymn, over the centuries, is clear from the number of commentaries it has engendered. Even today it is immensely popular among a wide section of followers, in mostly southern India.

Hindu hymns and prayers are often potent, arousing the latent powers within the worshipper. Sometimes they contain elements of auto-suggestion and self-hypnosis that help the spiritual aspirant in his upward path through samipya sarupya and sayujyam, that is, by creating a sense of' " nearness to the divine"., a desire to acquire the attributes of divinity and ultimate identification of the individual self with the supreme." (Subramanian, 2011, p. iv) That the devotee begets such a dazzling form – seems to be the raison d'etre of the Saundarya Lahari, which is a direct address and written in the present .

It is quite normal in such devotional hymns to portray the goddess as being beautiful but here in this poem the author has made her supremely, unsurpassed outstanding and unparalleled. She is not an ethereal, etiolated beauty but a more human- like, tangible beauty. To observe her beauty is to worship her. This hymn provides a visualization of her form. The beauty insufflates the devotee to feel a transcendence of the goddess and at the same time to experience her life as a doting wife and mother.


There is provided a computer program product to perform the input / output processing (I / O) processing on a host computer system. The computer program product is configured to perform: generating an address control structure for each of a plurality of consecutive data transfer requests, indicated by an I / O operation, wherein each individual address control structure has a location in the local memory channel of a corresponding ACW (ACW = Address Control Word, address control word) indicating that includes an offset field indicating a relative arrangement of a data transfer request; Generating and storing at least one ACW in the local memory channel that indicates one or more host memory locations for the plurality of successive data transfer requests, and includes an extended offset field indicating a relative arrangement of an expected data transfer request; Receiving a transmission request from the network interface, and comparing the offset field and the Expected-offset field to determine whether the data transfer request has been received in the correct order.


Solute transfer from soil to runoff is a complex process in which soil properties and flow runoff conditions interact. This process has been described when the runoff is generated from rainfall, but there has been very little research into sudden flooding of soil by runoff from upstream water sources. This article outlines the experimental design used to describe this process in shallow water flows, and to study the relationships between water flow conditions and the transfer process. Experimental work was carried out in a laboratory flume under different water inflow rates over a narrow fringe along the soil surface with a conservative tracer. The transfer process from the soil was described as an exponential load function, with a decreasing duration and an increasing load to the surface flow as the water inflow rate increased. Non‐linearity was tested and parameterized in a final run to include upstream loads to the flow.


This paper proposes a technical requirements analysis of implementation of multi-trade prefabrication. Recently, there has been a rise in the use of prefabrication to minimize on-site work for time reduction to increase productivity. Prefabrication technique is evolved into multi-trade prefabrication combining other trades from single-trade prefabrication. For implementation of new technique, not only itself but complementary techniques have to be prepared. In this paper, MEP corridor rack, a major item of multi-trade prefabrication, was implemented in the test bed and its process was analyzed to find out technical requirements. As a result, comparatively high level of IT technique was required for efficient use of multi-trade prefabrication in design, lifting and construction phase. In design phase, component level of BIM library was needed for manufacturing; and in lifting phase, BIM-based site logistics process was required. Also in construction phase, laser scanning was implemented for gathering shape and geometry of the wall and slab that were attached to multi-trade prefabrication module.


These eleven studies, according to Fiorenza's preface, are specimens of 'emancipatory' scholarship, which sets out to unmask the prejudices that have hitherto governed the study of Christian origins. Shelley Haley upbraids white critics who impose the modern stereotype of the African woman upon her few precursors in Latin poetry; she fails, I think, to prove that Virgil or his modern readers have made an African of Dido. Laura Nasrallah, examining responses to the Knidian Aphrodite of Praxiteles, finds that different prepossessions have made her one man's temptress and another's victim, one man's goddess in repose and another's courtesan in marble. Cynthia Baker correctly observes that the Ioudaios in antiquity was a member of a 'multiethnic' commonwealth; when she surmises, however, that it was foreign observers who transformed this community into an ethnos or common blood-group, she surely ignores the fact that all Jewish literature proclaims descent from Abraham as a condition of divine blessing. For Paul it is the physical descent of Christ from Abraham that enables the Greek to become fellow-heir to the Jew by incorporation. If Joseph Marchal is right to maintain that Paul imitates the rhetoric of his superiors to sustain the 'ethnic' identity of Christians in Corinth, we should remember that this is a group arising within an established empire, hence not comparable in all respects to 'traditional' groups who become their own caricatures under colonisation. Sze-Kar Wan proposes that in renouncing circumcision Paul was not so much creating a race distinct from Jews as setting a new criterion for Jewishness; like many other readers of Paul, he ignores the apostle's own nomenclature, which reserves the term Ioudaios for those who remain outside the new Israel. Denise Kimber Buell's essay 'God's own People' is not so much a study of one question as a manifesto for what might be done in ethnographic studies; more has perhaps been done than she admits, and it may be time, as Shawn Kelley suggests, to investigate the persistence of an Death of the Brother' (28-31), with Saul and David ranged alongside feuding pairs like Cain and Abel, and Jacob and Esau. Throughout the volume, Murphy discusses the text with a broad choice of partners, from the New Testament and early Christian Fathers, through Renaissance and Reformation authorities, to more recent exegetes and theologians – prominent among them Hans Urs von Balthasar. Among the strengths of the commentary are the extended and wide-ranging essays that introduce each series. And yet it is important for readers to be wary. A wide scatter of slips has crept into Latin titles and tags, as into transliteration and description of Hebrew. Murphy has also become entangled – unnecessarily in the view of this reader – in the often bitter debate about the history of ancient Israel. She inveighs against 'the revisionists', who date some material in Samuel to the 4th century BCE, but over-compensates by locating background and action in a Late Bronze/Iron Age transition period in the 11th century. The one piece of iron in the text (at the tip of Goliath's spear) is among a series of details that may better point to a later date. It is like looking to ancient Rome or medieval Denmark and Scotland for Shakespeare's Caesar, Hamlet, and Macbeth. She makes much more than the text of 1 Samuel does of a transition to (charismatic) kingship from charismatic judgeship. And unlike Murphy (p. 35), Samuel never talks of twelve tribes or a premonarchical league. There is many a powerful phrase (the ark [of the covenant] as 'bonsai temple' [p. 34]). The rhetoric is sometimes over the top ('the mythic universality of this historical, biblical tale' [p. 174]); and yet, again and again, one is encouraged to think: 'Even in its human form, monarchy is not about government, but about justice.' (p. 66) In Murphy's invocation of the 'collective craftsmanship' (p. xviii) of the film studio in her introductory discussion of authorship and/or editorship and throughout, she makes excellent use of contemporary analogies. 1 Samuel 20 is a like a 'sleeper episode' of the Mafiosi Sopranos (p. 200). What a pity that many readers will be puzzled by repeated references to the book(s) of Samuel as part of 'Regum' (Kings) instead of 'Regnorum' (Kingdoms, or Reigns).


A dimer model is a bipartite graph described on the real two-torus, and it gives the quiver as the dual graph. It is known that for any three-dimensional Gorenstein toric singularity, there exists a dimer model such that a GIT quotient parametrizing stable representations of the associated quiver is a projective crepant resolution of this singularity for some stability parameter. It is also known that the space of stability parameters has the wall-and-chamber structure, and for any projective crepant resolution of a three-dimensional Gorenstein toric singularity can be realized as the GIT quotient associated to a stability parameter contained in some chamber. In this paper, we consider dimer models giving rise to projective crepant resolutions of a toric compound Du Val singularity. We show that sequences of zigzag paths, which are special paths on a dimer model, determine the wall-and-chamber structure of the space of stability parameters. Moreover, we can track the variations of stable representations under wall-crossing using the sequences of zigzag paths.


Prophecy and the law are two things which are very closely related. A prophet's mission, among others, is to make sure that the Law, which is the gift of God himself, is fully understood and observed by the Israelites. This is the main task of the prophets and also that of Jesus as well. This law of love in the Old Testament received its basic formulation in the Ten Commandments and the Torah. While in the New Testament, it is elaborated throughout the Bible. The teaching of the Bible then became the basis for the teaching of the Church and its tradition, as well as normatively defined in the Code of Canon Law. The Law is not intended to negate human freedom. Instead, it is created to protect it and to guarantee the rights and responsilibities of each member of the community. To support this purpose, the system of sanctions and due canonical process was applied in the life of the Church.


Observation of the specific toxic effect of bacterial products on living sensitive cells in tissue culture offers a direct approach to a study of certain phases of bacterial allergic or hypersensitive states. In a preceding study (1) tuberculin was shown to have a specific toxic effect on sensitive cells from animals infected with several strains of tubercle bacilli having various degrees of virulence. This communication presents the results of an investigation by the tissue culture technique, of hypersensitive states associated with infection by a different species of microorganism, namely the hemolytic streptococcus. This permits of a comparison of cutaneous reactivity, antibody production and the development of cellular susceptibility to the toxic action of certain bacterial products in vitro. A comparison with some features of tuberculin allergy can thus be made.


Abstract : The best brief definition of democracy is still that which Abraham Lincoln have at Gettysburg Pa in 1863: "government of the people, by the people, for the people". When this principle is applied in the right direction, it is undoubtedly the best to conduct a population destiny. But in some countries like Ecuador, democracy has been used some times for the abuse of power. In that case it is necessary to have an organization like the Armed Forces to guarantee the will of the people and protect the democracy. The Ecuadorian Armed Forces have taken responsibility to support democracy regardless of its failures. This study shows how the Armed Forces as institution understand the democracy and the role that plays to support it.


A total mass ~ 1014g added to the Earth's upper atmosphere in the form of small particles of high albedo for visual wavelengths would produce an inverse greenhouse effect, shielding ground level from sunlight but permitting infrared radiation from the ground to escape into space. Such a mass of small particles might be acquired by the Earth in a close approach to a cometary nucleus. Ice ages and ecodisasters, such as that which occurred 6.5 x 107 years ago, could arise from the effects of such an addition of small particles. Interstellar grains have a significantly higher extinction for optical wavelengths than they have in the infrared. The optical extinction is thought to arise chiefly from scattering by dielectric particles, often referred to as 'silicates' but which may also contain polysaccharides (Hoyle and Wickramasinghe, 1977a, b). The infrared opacity, on the other hand, is mainly due to true absorption. For homogeneous silicate particles with sizes ~10 -5 cm, the opacity at optical wavelengths is ~3 x 10 ~ cm2g -1. However, for porous silicate particles of the type found in micrometeorites, or particles composed of needle-shaped cellulose chains of length ~ 10 -5 cm the optical opacity is ~3 x 105cm2g -1, much higher than the value ,-~3 x 10acm2g -a that is appropriate in the infrared. A layer of small dielectric grains with a surface mass density of ~ 10-5g cm -2 would give an optical depth of order unity in the visual. Such a layer in the Earth's upper atmosphere would evidently give a very high visual albedo for our planet. It would largely prevent sunlight from penetrating to ground level. On the other hand, it would not prevent infrared radiation (coming from below) escaping into space. Such a layer would therefore produce a marked cooling at ground level, and it would cut down the supply of solar radiation from terrestrial photosynthetic plants and organisms. The total mass in such a layer would be ,,~5 x 1013 g, comparable to the mass emission from a typical comet with perihelion passage < 1 AU. Particularly brilliant


A signature-based radiation technique for detecting chemical explosive is described. Radiation techniques offer the advantage that they can operate at standoff, although rapid detection of explosives at safe standoff distances remains problematic. The technique we describe differs from the major nuclear approaches, which involve imaging (using either photon or neutron interrogation) and/or quantitative analysis (for instance by use of prompt-and inelastic-scatter gamma-ray production based on neutron interrogation). Our technique utilizes both photon and neutron interrogation but avoids imaging or quantitative analysis. The technique, which we call signature-based radiation scanning (SBRS), limits itself to detecting whether a target contains an explosive and does not attempt to characterize the internals of a target further. A template-matching technique is employed, which provides a single figure-of-merit whose value is used to distinguish between safe targets and those containing explosives. Both simulation and experiment have been used to verify the validity of SBRS.


As a famous Chinese ancient military work,Military Science of Wu Tzu contains rich strategic management thoughts including full-scale Strategic guidance thought,strategic analysis thought of "investigating the enemy's actual situation",and strategic implementation thought of "using different tactics according to different situation",and so on.These thoughts can provide beneficial enlightenment for modern strategists.


Configuration design is an important link in drawing teaching.According to known views,various composite entities can be obtained,which have different structures.Configuration design is multiple and has multi-solutions.Applying drawing knowledge and related aesthetical knowledge in configuration design benefits improving drawing ability.


The Children and Families Act includes further provisions with the aim of reducing delays for children waiting to be adopted


In early childhood, 70%–83% of children experience at least one episode of acute otitis media (AOM) [1,2]. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterial agent identified as the causative agent of these infections, although there is increasing evidence that a variety of respiratory viruses play a prominent role in the development and pathogenesis of AOM [1]. Even though the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine appears to be making an impact on the incidence of this disease among children in the United States, AOM (with more than 24 million diagnoses annually) remains the leading reason for physician visits and antibiotic prescriptions among preschool-aged children [2,3]. Frequent use of antibiotics for AOM has led to a vicious cycle of diminishing returns: increased exposure has led to increasing drug resistance, which in turn makes the infections more difficult to treat, necessitating new drugs and more treatment. Recently, purified bacteriophage (phage) cell wall hydrolases, or lysins, have shown promise as novel anti-infectives due to their ability to eradicate nasal carriage of gram-positive pathogens, particularly S. pneumoniae [4,5]. These highly active enzymes are produced by phages to disrupt the bacterial cell wall for the release of progeny phage. Here, we show that the Cpl-1 lysin, which is specific for S. pneumoniae [6], prevents AOM in a novel mouse model that mimics the natural pathogenesis of this common infection.

Current animal models for AOM have critical limitations. Modeling AOM in mice requires invasive and artificial procedures to establish infection, and sacrifice of the animals to determine outcomes. Larger animals such as chinchillas and ferrets may develop infection by more natural routes, but use of these models is limited by their size and complexity [7,8]. Ideally, we wished to develop a non-invasive mouse model that was permissive of natural infection. We engineered a piliated strain of S. pneumoniae, known to efficiently colonize mucosal surfaces (a type 19F strain obtained from B. Henriques-Normark, ST16219F) [9], to express luciferase [10]. Groups of five mice maintained in a BL2 facility were infected intranasally with 1 × 105 or 1 × 106 colony-forming units (CFU) of this bioluminescent strain under light anesthesia with 2.5% inhaled isoflurane using an established infection model approved by the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital animal care and use committee [11]. Animals were followed daily for development of infection for two weeks and thrice weekly for another four weeks. Within 72 hours of pneumococcal infection, 100% of mice (10/10) were visibly colonized with bacteria in the anterior portion of their nose, and 70% (7/10) had developed AOM. These infections of the middle ear all resolved by bioluminescent imaging within 48 hours, and no mice had evidence of AOM six days after challenge or later. Nasal colonization persisted for a median of 27 days (range 17–34 days).

Around half of all children are colonized with S. pneumoniae [12]. Alteration of eustachian tube function or disruption of mucosal surfaces through viral infection allows colonizing bacteria to ascend into the middle ear, triggering AOM [1]. To model this phenomenon, we infected mice that had been stably colonized by pneumococcus with influenza virus and followed them for development of AOM. Although all mice had been colonized prior to infection with virus, 63% of virus-infected mice (19/30) developed AOM compared to 0% (0/10) of mice mock-infected with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (Figure 1). Twenty-one of thirty mice in the virus group had experienced AOM after introduction of the bacteria in the first 72 hours post colonization (with resolution before viral challenge), while eight of ten mice in the PBS control group had experienced AOM with resolution (unpublished data). Both de novo and recurrent infections were seen in the virus-infected mice, with no correlation to whether they had previously had AOM. This is the first mouse model of AOM in which infection develops in a manner analogous to that observed in children.

Figure 1

Visualization of Bioluminescent Bacteria Inside Live, Anesthetized Animals Shows the Induction of Otitis Media

Using this novel and powerful model, we sought to test our hypothesis that reduction or elimination of colonizing pneumococci with purified Cpl-1 lysin [6] would prevent the development of AOM. Prior to infection with influenza virus, mice colonized with pneumococcus for seven days were treated twice four hours apart with either 1,000 ug of Cpl-1 intranasally or enzyme buffer (mock treatment). At the time of the second treatment, nine of ten animals (90%) had cleared the pneumococcus from the nose, compared to zero of ten (0%) treated with enzyme buffer. The Cpl-1 lysin was 100% effective in preventing AOM, as no animal treated with lysin developed a secondary bacterial infection following influenza infection, while eight of ten (80%) mice that were mock-treated developed AOM (Figure 2). In the one mouse in which colonization persisted despite lysin treatment, the amount of bacteria present decreased dramatically (78% reduction in flux of light through the nose). In addition, no mice treated with Cpl-1 and observed for the duration of these experiments developed toxicity or illness attributable to the enzyme as determined by clinical observation, weight loss, and histopathology (unpublished data).

Figure 2

Treatment with Lysin Eliminates Colonization and Prevents the Development of Otitis Media

This novel model of naturally developing AOM will be useful in studies of prevention and treatment of this important and common infection. Our data on the use of lysin in the model suggest that a strategy of decolonizing children of S. pneumoniae may prevent many cases of AOM, particularly those with chronic AOM. Importantly, these data also suggest that elimination or even reduction of resident pathogenic bacteria can prevent secondary bacterial complications of influenza. In support of this view, a recent study of a pediatric pneumococcal vaccine in South Africa showed a 31% decrease in the incidence of virus-associated pneumonia compared to controls [13]. Secondary bacterial infections account for much of the morbidity and approximately 25% of all deaths during seasonal epidemics of influenza, as well as 50%–95% of deaths during pandemics of influenza [14]. It is very likely that a reduction in pneumococcal colonization in susceptible populations such as infants and the elderly during a pandemic or annual influenza outbreak could result in a concomitant reduction in morbidity and mortality. With worldwide concerns over a potentially incipient pandemic with highly pathogenic influenza viruses of the H5N1 subtype, further study of novel therapeutics such as phage-derived lysins to prevent these infections is warranted.


To develop simple, practical criteria for clinical diagnosis of fibromyalgia that are suitable for use in primary and specialty care and that do not require a tender point examination, and to provide a severity scale for characteristic fibromyalgia symptoms.


Abstract A preliminary comparative phosphate sorption and mobility study of two almost identical Danish spodosols, a fertilized soil having received ≍ 1030 kg P/ha over 45 years and a non-fertilized soil, showed no indication of increased phosphate leaching out of the profile from the fertilized soil compared to the non-fertilized soil. The Langmuir sorption capacity (Pmax) determined on air-dried samples could be accounted for by the aluminium and iron oxides, but Pmax corresponds to phosphate concentrations too high for the aquatic environment. However, estimates indicate that phosphate loadings up to ≍ 0.1 Pmax in Bh and Bhs horizons and up to ≍ 0.3 Pmax in Bs and C horizons (so-called critical phosphate loads) can be tolerated.


Bismuth (Bi) and silver (Ag) are used in increasing amounts and are consequently being emitted from various sources and showing high accumulation rates in soils when sewage sludge is applied on arable land. This study aimed to analyze the amounts of Bi and Ag in three cosmetic products (foundation, powder, and eye shadow) in order to study the flows in urban wastewater in Stockholm, Sweden. Analyses showed that Bi was present in very high concentrations (7,000 to 360,000 milligrams per kilogram) in one third of the analyzed foundation and powder samples, whereas Ag concentrations all were below the detection limit. These cosmetic products explained approximately 24% of the measured total Bi amounts per year reaching the WWTP (wastewater treatment plant), making cosmetics a major Bi source, whereas for Ag the corresponding contribution was <0.1% of the measured annual Ag amounts. The results were roughly adapted for Europe and the United States, estimating the Bi flows from cosmetics to WWTPs. On a global scale, these flows correspond to a non‐negligible part of the world Bi production that, every year, ends up in sewage sludge, limiting the reuse of a valuable metal resource. From an environmental and resource perspective, foundations and powder products should be considered as significant sources of measured Bi amounts in sludge. This large Bi flow must be considered as unsustainable. For Ag, however, the three analyzed cosmetic products are not a significant source of the total Ag load to WWTPs.


In the following I wish to draw your attention to two related
ideas that occur in Wittgenstein"s later writings. In making
this emphasis I am at the same time claiming a certain
continuity in Wittgenstein"s thought – a continuity of a quite
particular kind. The argument that I shall present in the
following can be summarised under three points: 1. in both
his early and his late writings, Wittgenstein makes a
natural-historical claim that, as humans, we are picturecreating
and picture-using creatures; 2. the crucial analogy
between the picture and the sentence that appears in the
Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus is retained in Wittgenstein"s
later descriptions of language; and 3. the use of this
analogy serves two diametrically opposed purposes when
considered in relation to religious language, whereby the
earlier use determines the propositions of natural science
and delimits these from religious propositions, and the later
use of the analogy provides the impetus for a grammatical
investigation of religious language and religious beliefs.


A study was conducted to determine personal hygiene knowledge among 25 food handlers at 12 selected primary schools in Klang Valley area, Selangor, Malaysia. A qualitative approach using in-depth interviews was employed and respondents were selected by a convenience sampling. The results showed that the respondents had basic knowledge on personal hygiene practices, mainly on hand washing (30.7%) and glove use (18.7%). The food handlers ( 90%) practiced various good hand washing practices, with only 36% did not practice washing hands after eating or drinking. Most respondents (>70%) practiced glove use, however more than 50% did not wash hands with every glove change, change gloves when change type of products and after preparing raw material. The study showed that the food handlers have basic knowledge one good personal hygiene practices. However, some discrepancies were revealed in the proper hand washing procedure. This study recommended good hand washing procedure to be reiterated among the food handlers. There is also an immediate need for continuous training among food handlers regarding good personal hygiene practices.


B238 Purpose: Next generation Abl and Src kinase inhibitors (including dasatinib, AP23464, and AMN107) have demonstrated potent activity against some clinically relevant BCR-ABL mutants that lead to imatinib resistance. Howewer, these compounds generally fail to suppress cells harboring some variants, including the T315I mutant, prompting us to investigate a new class of thienopyrimidine Src inhibitors as candidate agents to treat patients with imatinib resistant forms of cancer.
 Experimental Procedures: Drug Dose Response (DDR) experiments were performed to evaluate the effectiveness and selectivity of two thienopyrimidine Src inhibitors for inhibiting the growth and survival of a panel of cell lines harboring BCR-ABL mutants associated with imatinib resistance. Specifically, we performed DDR analyses on a panel of Ba/F3 cell lines, including the parental cell line (engineered to express and depend on the native BCR-ABL protein), and 9 variant cell lines expressing specific BCR-ABL mutants (M244V, Y253F, Y253H, E255K, E255V, T315A, T315I, M351T, and F359V). As a control, we tested imatinib, which as expected showed significant inhibition of K562 cells (IC50=236.5 nM), native BCR-ABL expressing Ba/F3 cell line (IC50 = 391.6 nM), however, all other Ba/F3 variant lines with BCR-ABL mutants showed resistance (IC50>2000 nM).
 Summary of findings: Two of the Src inhibitors tested, SMi813 and SMi829, showed potent inhibition of survival (IC50


What are the causes of violations of international labour standards in Azerbaijan? In which way these standards are violated? What measures are taken (if any) by the government to deal with these violations? In this paper, I examine the Direct requests and Observations issued by the International Labour Organization in and following 2013 on situation of international labour standards in Azerbaijan. For the purpose of the paper I look into comments of the ILO on fundamental labour rights at workplace.


Prison descriptions are not often found in Sanskrit literature. Therefore, it is surprising that a very detailed description of prison life should be found in a kāvya, specifically, the Vāgmaṇḍanaguṇadūtakāvya. A fragment of this obscure text, which has only been published once, gives a quite realistic portrayal of the horrors of life in prison; it is a place where prisoners are held in abhorrent conditions and tortured. The account is in direct opposition to another, found in the Arthaśāstra, which concentrates on the welfare of the detained. There are severe fines for impeding the prisoners' basic human rights. This is an interesting reversal of roles, as kāvya poems usually depict an even more romantically idealised vision of the world than normative texts such as the Arthaśāstra.


Diversity is one of the key issues in a well-functioning democratic society. However, there are multiple ways to interpret diversity. In this article, we argue that the commonly used interpretation of representative diversity, as reflecting societal diversity, has become obsolete. Therefore, we suggest a renewed approach to news diversity with the notion of responsive diversity. According to this concept, journalists are responsible to incorporate the open diversity standard (i.e., representing all opinions equally in the news content) while at the same time responding to citizens' concerns by putting information into perspective, and this includes exposure to different viewpoints.


This paper analyzes the history of "patient-centered" medial service model and summarizes the connotation of this nursing model. Based on analyzing current situation of nursing education for undergraduates, it puts forward the overall teaching process by integrating education philosophy, professional education and academic education.


A numerical model was developed for the simulation of solidification structure formation during the continuous casting process of an Fe–0.7mass%C alloy. In this model, the cellular automaton method was combined with heat transfer calculation during the continuous casting process. The effect of electromagnetic stirring (EMS) during the continuous casting process was introduced as an increase in thermal conductivity in liquid. Furthermore, the effect of fragmentation of dendrites due to fluid flow during EMS was taken into account in the model as an increase in the formation of crystals. Simulations of grain structure formation in continuously cast billets with and without EMS were carried out, and the degree of fragmentation was evaluated from a comparison between experimentally observed and simulated macrostructures of the billets.


Women are still fighting for equality, despite huge progress since the suffragette campaigns. How far have we still to go and how might we get there? Helen Pankhurst draws on her new book to provide some answers.


ABSTRACT Combustion-generated nanoparticles cause detrimental effects to not only health and environment but also combustion efficiency. A detailed kinetic mechanism employing a discrete sectional model is validated using experimental data obtained in laminar counterflow diffusion flames of ethylene/oxygen/nitrogen. Two configurations, named Soot formation (SF) and soot formation/oxidation (SFO) flames, are modeled using one-dimensional simulations. Radiative heat losses reduce the maximum flame temperature in the range of 20–60 K and therefore reduce soot volume fraction by ~ 10%. The model predictions accounting for the radiation effects are quite satisfactory. The model can reproduce the qualitative trends of soot volume fraction peaks that are slightly shifted toward the oxidizer zone with the increased oxygen content. In SF flames, the model predicts the maximum soot volume fraction quite well with the largest discrepancy of two folds. The particle stagnation locations can be reproduced by the model, although they are slightly shifted toward the oxidizer nozzle by ~ 0.4 mm. In SFO flames, the most considerable discrepancy is observed at the least sooting flame (xF,o = 0.23) in which the model over-predicts the maximum soot volume fraction by a factor of two. The effect of soot oxidation is important. The model shows that neglecting oxidation of soot significantly increases soot volume fraction in SFO flames by two folds while SF flames are only marginally affected. Also, ignoring soot oxidation leads to the presence of soot particles in the oxidizer zone where they are not observed experimentally. OH is the most effective oxidizer because the sooting zone is located inside the flame region. The effect of thermophoresis is also investigated. It strongly influences SFO flames due to the high temperature gradient. The model accounting particle diffusivities from Stokes–Cunningham correlation can better characterize the distinct particle stagnation plane of SF flames due to their low diffusion coefficients.


We have demonstrated that the production of intense beams of positive hydrogen cluster inos is quite feasible, and should allow their rapid embedment in a H2 matrix. However, stabilization of these species by codeposition of hydrogen cluster anions does not appear to be useful approach, because of the extreme difficulty we have encountered in generating the negative hydrogen cluster beams. Whereas the hydrogen anion clusters may be unstable in the gas phase, with the matrix H may form a cavity by repelling the surrounding H2 molecules to produce a locally stable structure. A much more promising way of achieving an extremely high energy density for rocket propulsion is the use of hydrogen-containing cluster ions for igniting nuclear fusion (cluster-impact fusion, CIF).


Ostreidae is one of the important groups of mollusks found in the Kuala Gigieng estuary, Aceh Besar Dsitrict, Indonesia. This mollusk has been exploited intensively, resulting in a decrease of the wild population. The objective of the present study was to examine the length-weight relationship of the Ostreidae group in the Kuala Gigieng estuary. The samplings were conducted at three locations from August to September 2013. The Linear Allometric model was used to calculate the b value. A total of five species of Ostreidae (Crassostrea virginica, Crassostrea gigas, Crassostrea iridescens, Crassostrea angulata, and Ostrea edulis) were collected during the study. The study showed that the b values were 1.86, 1.87, 1.27, 1.48, and 1.48 for C. virginica, C. gigas, O. edulis, C. iridescens, and C. angulata, respectively. Hence, the Ostreidae harvested from the Kuala Gigieng estuary displayed an allometric growth pattern.


The present invention discloses an automatic aligner pillow packaging line, solves the packaging line to be transferred to lump when finishing lump steering inconvenience, lump prone to falling outside of the conveyor belt problems, adopted technical solutions: a pillow type packaging arrangement line finisher, comprising a frame, means sorting and packing means, sorting means comprising a plurality of conveyor belts, for movement of the belt drive roller, driven roller, and management structure characterized in that, downstream of said conveyor belt comprises a front belt strap feeding and finishing, finishing with the front of the conveyor belt; upper stopper provided with two parallel body in the rack, the front and the finishing belt with respectively overlaps the upper stopper on a body; finishing structure is provided on the finishing tape; the upper baffles conveying direction of the inclined conveyor; movement speed of the finishing belt is greater than the moving speed of the belt before feeding side, management structure conveying direction inclined conveyor belt, constituting the passage between the side edge and finishing with the management structure.


Opportunistic networking—forwarding messages in a disconnected mobile ad hoc network via any encountered nodes — offers a new mechanism for exploiting the mobile devices that many users already carry. Forwarding messages in such a network often involves the use of social network routing— sending messages via nodes in the sender or recipient's social network. Simple social network routing, however, may broadcast these social networks, which introduces privacy concerns. This paper introduces two methods for enhancing privacy in social network routing by obfuscating the social network graphs used to inform routing decisions. We evaluate these methods using two real-world datasets, and find that it is possible to obfuscate the social network information without leading to a significant decrease in routing performance.


Introduction If Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) services are to deliver continuous benefits to users they must be supported by strong, responsive, permanent in-country institutions. Strengthening permanent institutions is very challenging in difficult operating environments and requires approaches that work beyond delivery of taps and toilets alone. This document is aimed at WASH practitioners and policy makers working to develop management and support processes that strengthen service sustainability. It seeks to share WaterAid Nicaragua's experiences of working to strengthen sustainable WASH service provision in an environment characterised by weak and under resourced institutions, exposure to disasters, as well as a history of conflict and political polarisation. To achieve this objective, WaterAid Nicaragua works to strengthen service delivery, strategic planning, financing, monitoring, coordination, accountability mechanisms and post-implementation support functions of permanent institutions. Barriers to sustainability and WaterAid's approaches to addressing them are described in the proceeding sections


Discrete particle models, which simulate inter-particle mechanics explicitly and can be coupled with fluid flow mechanics, often provide a more realistic simulation of granular deformation and fracture than continuum models. We apply such models to investigate fracture processes in weakly cemented media, providing insights on material parameters which influence a change from discrete brittle fracturing (as occurs in stiff and strong geomaterial) to general dilation and parting (as occurs in very soft and weak geomaterials). The primary influence on parting behavior is shear bonding at the granular scale. We also investigate slurry injection processes in granular media by coupling fluid flow simulators with particle models for several near wellbore assemblies. Although there are clear challenges remaining with scaling issues and practical model size, we conclude that coupled particle and fluid flow codes can simulate slurry injection processes well, reproducing dilation and parting patterns consistent with laboratory observations and pressure response consistent with field observations. 2 "FRACTURE" IN GRANULAR MEDIA 2.1 Linear elastic fracture mechanics background The fundamental principles of fracture mechanics are founded on the theoretical and experimental work by Griffith in the 1920s (Griffith, 1921). Starting with the first law of thermodynamics, Griffith postulated that for an increment of crack extension the change in potential energy of deformation must equal the amount of energy required to create the new crack surface. This work was later expanded by Irwin (1948) and Orowan (1948) who recognized that the required energy includes not only surface energy density γ, but also includes dissipative energy d related to microcracking and plastic flow around the tip (which in fact is the larger term for most materials). The resulting failure criteria is expressed in terms of a critical strain energy release rate, Gc (named in Griffith's honor), Gc = dU/dA = γ + d (1) Where dU is the change in internal strain energy and dA is the change in crack surface area. Irwin (1957) then made the important and critical link between the strain energy release rate, a global energy parameter, and the local stress field and crack opening displacement, using analytical solutions for a cracked body developed by Westergaard (1939). The stresses σ ij and displacements ui around a crack tip can be expressed in terms of stress intensity factors K for varying fracture modes, and trigonometric relations. For example the Mode I (tensile) stress and displacement fields around the crack tip can be expressed as: σ ij = [K/(2πr)] fij(θ) (2) and ui = [(K/2μ)(r/2π)] gi(θ) (3), where r is the distance to the crack tip, μ is the material shear modulus, and θ is the angle measured from the crack axis. Similar expressions are available for Mode II (in plane shear) and Mode III fracture extension. The stress intensity factor is a function of fracture geometry and load pattern. For a typical Mode I fracture of initial length 2a subject to internal pressure P(x), the stress intensity factor can be expressed as (Rice, 1968): Because the elastic stress field is singular, there is an inelastic region surrounding the crack tip where failure occurs and the linear elastic solution is not valid. The area outside this region, but for radius still small compared to the overall crack length, is referred to as the K-dominant region in which stresses and displacements may be defined according to equations (2) and (3). This is illustrated schematically in Figure 1. Failure is assumed to occur when the stress field as defined in equation (2) exceeds a critical value expressed in terms of a critical stress intensity factor (fracture toughness) for the material, Kc, within a region around the crack tip. Figure 1. Elastic crack tip stress fields are defined for a Kdominant region surrounding a crack tip and outside a near-


Abstract Through content analysis, significant differences were found in the representation of male and female characters in a sample of children's picture books published in the years 1976 through 1987. Male characters outnumbered female characters, were given the majority of central character roles, and were more likely to be the recipients of help. In addition, male characters helped other male characters more than they helped female characters, and male helping behavior tended to be instrumental rather than expressive. Furthermore, female characters were frequently presented in a limited number of stereotyped roles, whereas male characters were presented in a wide variety of roles. The authors of children's picture books may need to become more responsible in their representation of the sexes.


With the aid of a new software package, core deflection during injection can now be calculated. The method is based on the use and linking of various finite-element (FE) programs. Practical examples confirm good agreement with predictions. The software is characterized by a simple modelling technique and ease of use as well as the possibility to rapidly and reliably investigate the effect of alternate approaches.


Grounded in the patrilineal family system in pre-socialist China,this study explores the intersection between generation-and gender dimensions of family patriarchy in influencing marital power relations.Following a marital life-course methodology,I divided all the informants into four categories according to their marriage life course: those from the dependents of their parents to the reversed dependents,those from the dependents to the independents of the parents,those from the independents to the reversed dependents,and those who remained independent after marriage.Patterns of male dominance in marital relations are found to be incomplete,inconsistent,and even countervailing in the presence of generation patriarchy.Consequently,women's experience with family patriarchy was mixed over the life course.They were particularly disadvantaged as daughters-in-law,but their lives were improved as they became fully integrated into the patrilineal system through reproduction and their husband's growing reliance on their contributions to family continuity.This present study may shed light on changing patterns of family patriarchy under state socialism in which family patriarchy was severely assaulted by the state and in recent market reforms where family patriarchy takes on new twists and turns.Some limitations of this study are also discussed in the end of the paper.


The problem of dimensioning UTRAN radio interface along with the cell radius coverage evaluation algorithm are two challenging tasks based on a process which is different from the classical planning process applied for 2nd generation systems. Iterative methods found in the literature show divergence risks which are often met in practice. In this paper, we introduce a new method so as to avoid all undesired situations.


An X-band airborne SAR, Pi-SAR2, has been developed by NICT. It can make polarimetric and interferometric observation with very high spatial resolution of 0.3m. Since 2013, NICT has carried out collaborating observations on research proposals selected for the Pi-SAR2 Research Announcement. Polarimetric SAR data analysis is a key issue among them, therefore we have made polarimetric calibration in each observation period.


The article analyzes development characteristics of the economics profession in different countries and its impact on the modern concept of this occupation. It was found that the formation of the economics profession was determined by subjective and objective factors and by change of practical activity. This substantially revealed that the occupation's "weight" has not decreased, but has moved from business performance functions to certain specific skills as to operate effectively. Economic knowledge and competences have become increasingly important as the intellectual capital in developing new skills for other professions, also in substantiating and making important decisions, thus it often "comes out" of the framework of the economics profession.


The crash of Korean Air Flight 801 on a night approach to Guam International in August 1997 draws attention to the vital role of precision landing guidance in aviation. While the exact cause of the incident has yet to be determined, there is a strong feeling that the lack of the glide slope guidance component of the airport's instrument landing system (ILS) may have been a factor. The article looks at the landing systems available and under development and also at factors that play a part in the selection process.


Using various epithelial cell culture models, the nutraceuticals zinc, quercetin, indole, resveratrol and glutamine have been shown to enhance tight junction barrier function. We show that their action is specific to the epithelial model being acted upon. Some increase transepithelial resistance. Some decrease paracellular D‐mannitol leak. Some do both. This depends upon the compound and the specific epithelial cell model. The structural effects of the nutraceuticals are likewise specific to the compound in question and the epithelial model, in terms of which tight junctional proteins are being up‐ or down‐regulated. Certain combinations of nutraceuticals can exhibit additive or even synergistic effects. The medical implications of these barrier‐enhancing nutraceuticals in various disease states are discussed.


AbstractThe remediation of sites contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) poses a challenge, especially in built up areas. Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) can reduce CHCs to nontoxic com...


Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Journal. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0) ABSTRACT In this paper, the automatic control of domestic electrical appliances using a wireless network is presented. The wireless network of choice is the Global system for mobile communication, GSM. This paper presents a methodology that the communication can be extended even to inanimate devices like domestic electrical appliances such as radio, refrigerator, TV, light bulbs etc. the methodology entails the use of the feature of the GSM phone known as dual tone multi frequency DTMF. This DTMF tones are automatically generated when the buttons of a mobile phone is pressed. A DTMF to binary converter integrated circuit was used to convert the DTMF tones into binary format which is fed into the I/O ports of an 8052 microcontroller. A resident program enables the DTMF codes that are received to be used to control electrical appliances. The system also has a unique feature that after an action is performed; it sends back an audio tone to inform the user about the success or failure of the execution of the command.


Acknowledgements Results Information obtained from modeling will allow the FOP to predict upcoming demands of the flight provider based on payload supply. This allows the FOP to identify which flight providers are influenced by the types of platforms or payloads that are solicited and then selected. By having a better understanding of which platforms are in demand, the program can plan accordingly. This will help to justify the program budget in the future. It will also give the program a greater chance to match payloads with the right flight provider. Maximizing the number of payloads per flight will give a greater possibility of flying more payloads. Showing how supply and demand balance over time gives the FOP a better idea of future needs for the program. Based on the technique established, data can be easily updated and new curves generated to improve demand predictions.


This article is the first in a series that will address all 15 standards of the Care Certificate. The Care Certificate provides healthcare assistants and assistant practitioners (HCAs and APs) in any care setting with the knowledge and skills needed to offer safe, compassionate care. There are 15 standards associated with the Care Certificate. When the HCA or AP has been assessed as being competent against all of the standards within the Care Certificate, the Certificate can be awarded. In this article, we look at the first two standards of the Care Certificate, which focus on the importance of understanding your role and why your personal development is key in offering care to people that is safe and effective. Lifelong learning is seen as a key component of working in an effective manner, with the patient at the heart of all that is done.


Most elderly demented patients are women, and their dementia can be associated with agitation and aggression. The available techniques for controlling these difficult behaviors have significant limitations. Carbamazepine has been found to reduce aggression, agitation, and irritability in many clinical disorders. This multisite, …


ABSTRACT Factor C protein isolated from the horseshoe crab,Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, has endotoxin binding capability. Synthetic peptides of 34 amino acids based on the sequence of two regions of factor C (Sushi 1 and Sushi 3) as well as their corresponding mutants exhibited activities against 30 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Collectively, all four peptides demonstrated exceptionally effective bactericidal activity againstP. aeruginosa with 90% minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC90s) in the range of 0.06 to 0.25 μg/ml (16 to 63 nM). Viable bacteria were reduced by 90% after 7 min and were totally eradicated within 40 to 50 min. These peptides are minimally hemolytic against both rabbit and human erythrocytes even at concentrations up to 1,600-fold their MBC90s. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that cytotoxic effects are small even at 1,000-fold their MBC90s. Furthermore, the Sushi peptides are tolerant of high-salt and adverse pH conditions. These findings demonstrate the promising therapeutic potential of the Sushi peptides.