The South Asian island nation of Sri Lanka can be described as a "plural society"-to use Furnivall's term of many decades ago,1 composed of clusters of solidary ethnic communities living in close proximity but remaining clearly differentiated by language, religion, and sense of unique historical experiences. Since the surfacing of political rivalry in the 1950s between the majority Sinhalese community and the Sri Lanka Tamil community, the principal ethnic minority, tensions between the two seem to have been increasing relentlessly. The growing intensity of communal conflict is most dramatically evident in the appearance of a movement seeking a separate, independent Tamil state on the island. Confrontations surrounding separatist demands have over recent years involved rising levels of violence and both premeditated terrorist acts and spontaneous mass riots. Sri Lanka provides a dramatic example of the difficulties of maintaining a participatory democratic political system in a society marked by deep ethnic divisions. It is the course of Tamil separatism over the past few years that is the central concern of this article. A sketch of the ethnic situation on the island is followed by examination of the appearance and growth of the movement for a separate Tamil state and the increasing communal violence. Results of elections in 1979-83 in the predominantly Tamil areas of the North and East are analyzed for clues as to popular political sentiments within the Sri Lanka Tamil community. Finally, efforts at resolution of issues underlying the ethnic conflict by means of negotiations


The objective of this study consists on proposing a model that explains in a reasonable way the surgences of thermal waters in the Bathrooms of Fortune and, at the same time, to expose the arguments that sustain this model. Also it is described the structural geology of the area and their alignment in the tectonic one regional and global of the Andalusian Mountain ranges. In last place helshe intends a complementary investigation that leads to the identification of the entirety of aquifer drained in the spring.


Through the concrete cases, this paper analyzes the errors occurring in the book circulation after the automatic management system is put into utilization in the library of Guangdong Ocean University, and puts forward some effective processing method.


In the late seventeenth century, "divertissante somertogjes" (diverting summer trips) to the Southern Netherlands became a great fashion. Merchants, mayors and high-ranking civil servants from Amsterdam, Leiden and The Hague immersed themselves in the baroque culture of the Counter-Reformation in Brabant, Maastricht and the prince-bishopric of Liege, despite their own Reformed faith. The angry sermons and scathing pamphlets against the "paepen" which circulated abundantly in the Dutch Republic give the impression that these interconfessional encounters were not always the most peaceful. Nevertheless the Dutch travellers seem to have taken remarkably ecumenical attitudes. Contempt and mockery were relatively rare. Reformed travellers usually displayed a cautious but sincere interest in the Roman Catholic sacred landscape, liturgical objects, their "popish" art and ostentatious rites. This article also assesses the possible causes of this tolerant attitude. On the one hand, the enduring patience is an extension of the pragmatic sense of Christian unity in dealings with others that prevailed in Holland, a hypothesis confirmed by this study. On the other hand, this attitude was also informed by an aesthetic and historicising reflection. "Popish" paintings, reliquaries and liturgical robes were assessed purely on their artistic merits, circumventing their controversial confessional significance. Roman-Catholic processions, masses and other rituals were reduced to curious rites from the past. Thus, peering in at the Catholics had become an innocent pastime.


Part One. By considering the cyclic subgroup generated by a given element, we may restrict our attention to cyclic group actions. By a Zd manifold (g, M) we will mean a smooth, oriented, compact manifold (without boundary unless otherwise stated or obvious) together with an orientation preserving diffeomorphism of order d. Frequently, we will omit the g in referring to Zd manifolds M. We denote the disjoint union by +, the disjoint union of r copies of M by rM, and the disjoint difference (one reverses the orientation of the second manifold) by —. A Z d manifold If bounds (resp. rationally bounds) if M (resp. r M) is the boundary of a Zd manifold. Two Zd manifolds are bordant (resp. rationally bordant) if their disjoint difference bounds (resp. rationally bounds). The collection of bordism classes of Zd manifolds forms a graded ring O*(Zd) in the usual manner. Let (g, B) denote the d-fold branched cover of S2 along d points together with the deck translation which rotates neighborhoods of the fixed points through an angle 2π/d. Let (g, PJ denote the action on ^-dimensional complex projective space given by g[z0, , zn_lf zn] — [zQ, , zn_lf <ozn]. Here and throughout part one ω = exp(2πi/d). The fix point set has two components: the point [0, , 0, 1] where the action on the trivial normal bundle is multiplicatio n by ώy and


Objective: Pathogenic variants in GABRB3 have been associated with a spectrum of phenotypes from severe developmental disorders and epileptic encephalopathies to milder epilepsy syndromes and mild intellectual disability. In the present study, we analyzed a large cohort of individuals with GABRB3 variants to deepen the phenotypic understanding and investigate genotype-phenotype correlations. Methods: Through an international collaboration, we analyzed electro-clinical data of unpublished individuals with variants in GABRB3 and we reviewed previously published cases. All missense variants were mapped onto the 3D structure of the GABRB3 subunit and clinical phenotypes associated with the different key structural domains were investigated. Results: We characterize 71 individuals with GABRB3 variants, including 22 novel subjects, expressing a wide spectrum of phenotypes. Interestingly, phenotypes correlated with structural locations of the variants. Generalized epilepsy, with a median age at onset of 10.5 months, and mild-to-moderate intellectual disability were associated with variants in the extracellular domain. Focal epilepsy with early onset (median: 2.75 months of age) and severe intellectual disability were associated with variants in the pore-lining helical transmembrane domain. Significance: These genotype/phenotype correlations will aid the genetic counseling and treatment of individuals affected by GABRB3-related disorders. Future studies may reveal whether functional differences underlie the phenotypic differences.


Volume ISSRS 2017 20 The Threat of Maritime Piracy in the Indian Ocean and Its Implications on Sri Lanka: A Jurisdictional Analysis N. Fernando


Over the last two decades, scholarly research on professional service firms (PSFs) has grown into a significant body of knowledge and indeed a distinct subfield of management studies. In this essay, we offer a postcolonial critique of this subfield. We show that it is built almost exclusively on studies conducted in the West (mainly North America, Scandinavia and the UK), and yet presents its theorising as though it were universal. This is despite PSF scholars generally being distinctly sensitive to (organizational) difference and having no steadfast commitment to positivism. Importantly, we also show that PSF scholarship tends to construct Western professionals as a normative referent whilst glossing over their role in neo-colonialism. What started as a productive effort to research an unusual – 'professional' and 'knowledge-intensive' – type of organization (in the West) has, in effect, inadvertently evolved into a geopolitically inflected scholarly domain. We urge PSF scholars to recognize and interrogate the problem and work to address it in their own research – and we offer suggestions to that end. Our analysis also has implications for the postcolonial critique in management studies more broadly.


Abstract. This research focuses on automatic control strategy of direct air-cooling system for 660 MW thermal power plants. The aim of the controller is to maintain the backpressure in an adjustable range. The speed control policy takes the backpressure to the controllable range by adjusting the running fan speed, and the sequential control policy starts or shutoffs the pre specified fans when the backpressure is out of the normal range. An application of 660 MW power unit shows that the automatic control strategy has important significance for the safe and economic operation of generating units.


The tandem photoisomerization—cyclization reaction of trans-enones (I) in MeOH leads to bis-methoxy ketals (III) in high yields and with high diastereoselectivity.


The primary objective of this study is to investigate the effects of service recovery on customer satisfaction. Specifically, it examines the perception of "justice" in ser- vice recovery and how it affects the level of satisfaction and behavioral outcomes. In addition, the study also explores whether the "recovery paradox" exitsts. Data were collected through a survey using a structured questionnaire. The 152 respon- dents were analyzed according to whether they did or did not make a complaint to the service providers. The findings showed that the complainants' level satisfaction with service recovery was not significantly yet affected by perceived justice. The behavioral outcomes of the complainants in terms of trust, word-of-mouth (WOM) and loyalty were not either found to be affected by their satisfaction with the service recovery. T-test indicated that respondents who were initially satisfied with the ser- vice did not expressed greater trust, loyalty, and positive WOM compared with the satisfied complainants. Keywords: customer satisfaction, service recovery, and complaint


Sieges, while not as flashy as hybrid warfare or grey-zone conflict, nor as trendy as disruptive technology and its associated concepts, command a central position in the wars of the post-Cold War era. Furthermore, despite being commonly associated with the tactical and operational level of conflict, sieges are often strategic and decisive affairs, as the siege of the US Embassy in Baghdad in December 2019 clearly demonstrated. Sieges bring a degree of decisiveness back to the battlefield, and those of the Russo-Ukrainian War (2014–present) bring this point to bear. In this article, Amos Fox suggests that policymakers, strategists and practitioners must understand how sieges operate and where they fit within war.◼


An interaction between an anti-plane crack with a three-phase circular composite by using complex potential methods is considered in this paper. The solution procedures for solving this problem consist of two parts. In the first part, based on complex potential methods in conjunction with analytical continuation theorem and alternating technique, the complex potential functions of a screw dislocation interacting with three-phase circular composites are obtained. The second part consists of the derivation of logarithmic singular integral equations by introducing the complex potential functions of screw dislocation along the crack border together with superposition technique. The logarithmic singular integral equations are then solved numerically by modeling a crack in place of several segments. Linear interpolation formulae with undetermined coefficients are applied to approximate the dislocation distribution along the elements, except at vicinity of the crack tip where the dislocation distribution preserves a square-root singularity. The mode-III stress intensity factors are then obtained numerically in terms of the values of the dislocation density functions of the logarithmic singular integral equations.


The principle of deconcentration is a necessity in the era of decentralization to ensure the establishment of Indonesian unitary state. The dynamics of drafting laws and regulations are actually an effort to find the most appropriate format in managing the relationship between the centre and the regions, in the sense of how to accommodate the centre's interests without stifling creativity and regional initiatives in planning development. This article tries to examine the dynamics of deconcentration in post-reform regional development planning. The period is divided into the 2004-2014 and 2014-2019 periods, each period marked by the issuance of a series of laws and regulations, each period reflecting a certain policy direction (legal politics) of deconcentration. This research is normative juridical research with a statutory approach in which the data obtained will be analyzed qualitatively and presented descriptively. The research results show that in the 2004-2014 period, deconcentration tends to be a complement and a formality to maintain a unitary state, while in the 2014-2019 period, deconcentration appears to be stronger in line with the authority of decentralization. The similarity in these two eras is that the implementation structure of deconcentration still overlaps with the structure of decentralization, thus allowing confusion and overlapping. The research results show that in the 2004-2014 period, deconcentration tends to be a complement and a formality to maintain a unitary state, while in the 2014-2019 period, deconcentration appears to be stronger in line with the authority of decentralization.


In 1990, Amick investigated a well-preserved Late Caddo Frankston phase midden deposit at the ALCOA #1 (41AN87) site on Mound Prairie Creek, about 7 km northeast of Palestine, Texas. During the course of that work, more than 900 Caddo ceramic vessel sherds and a few pipe sherds were recovered, but they were only cursorily described by Amick. That was unfortunate at the time because it appeared then, and is still evident now, that the ALCOA #I site was a single component 15th century A.D. Frankston phase settlement, and detailed study of the recovered ceramic assemblage would have provided unique insights into the stylistic and technological character of the ceramic vessels being made and used for culinary purposes by the prehistoric Caddo in this part of the Neches River basin. With the renewed study of the archaeology of the Frankston phase occasioned by the Texas Department of Transportation-sponsored excavations at the Lang Pasture site (41AN38) and the recovery there of a substantial ceramic sherd assemblage-and the reexamination of sherd and vessel collections from Frankston phase collections at the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin, I returned to the detailed study of the ALCOA # 1 ceramic assemblage. The assemblage of ceramic vessel sherds from the Amick work is sufficiently robust that it is possible to characterize with some precision the use of fine wares, utility wares, and plain wares by the 15th century A.D. Caddo that lived at the site.


Manually constructing rankings is a tedious ad-hoc process, requiring extensive user effort to evaluate data attribute importance, and often leading to undesirable results. Meanwhile, sophisticated learning-to-rank algorithms are able to leverage large amounts of data to generate high quality rankings automatically. In this work we present RanKit, a novel technology that brings the power of automatic learning-to-rank to the public. RanKit serves as a personal recommender system for building rankings from partial user knowledge in the form of item preferences. A user-friendly rank building interface provides rich input modes for preference specification. Visual feedback on the quality of the learned ranking model is given in real time, empowering the user to guide the underlying learn-to-rank algorithm. Users are actively involved with every step of the rank generation process, developing trust in the model and producing personalized rankings suitable for real-world decision making. In this demonstration, the audience works directly with the RanKit system on public domain datasets ranging from college rankings and economic indicators to movies and sports.


In this submission, I argue for a re-thinking of the concept of an artist's oeuvre, to extend it conceptually to account for what I call a 'Disoeuvre'; that is, an oeuvre that is not necessarily recognisable in conventional terms, but in which artistic practice and the works that it produces are contingently reactive and diverse. The works submitted are produced through different media and disciplines, cross the boundaried conventions of the creative, the critical and the scholarly, as well as the studio, the social and the institutional, and result from quite different imagined and actual contracts. Implicitly, each questions the limits of a conventional oeuvre and together they form a basis for a Disoeuvre. The contingencies from which they are produced might relate to economies of power, resources, temporal factors, and accident; all reinforced as life is economised in the biopolitical.

I make an original contribution, first, to feminist and radical critiques of art theories and practices (which cross the studio, the social and the institutional) and, second, to emergent concerns with artistic labour. The Disoeuvre is a concept that perhaps could only develop from a marginalised position which is frequently condemned as insufficiently radical. Discussing oversights by feminist and radical writers and historians in identifying marginalised artistic practices, I locate the Disoeuvre in relation to biographical and professional contingencies through which the submitted works were produced. Concomitant issues of amateurism, professionalism, pedagogy and practice are discussed.

The third chapter reflects on second wave feminist analyses of reproductive labour as unrecognised but essential to capitalist economies, and the relation between this and the obscurity of reproductive labour in the art museum conducted through gallery education. The British development of gallery education as a counter-strategy against the growing influence of the market within the museum is posited, with a discussion of examples of early radical but largely unrecognised projects and exhibitions which I compare with more celebrated feminist works of art. The contested occupation of the role of the child in the museum relates to the market and its educational counterpoint, and the play on this conducted by male adult artists is discussed, whether through performative behaviours or exhibited work.

Finally, I reflect on the impact of 'feminised' labour practices for artists contracted as employees of the museum. With increasing corporatisation and consequent loss of cultural value invested in the anonymous public servant, and pressures to be entrepreneurial and self-brand, the artist employee might increasingly exploit the museum not only to promote but also to produce work that is their own. Notions of independent artistic production become ever more questionable. While valuable durational employment and supportive contracts have only been exceptionally available to support women artists of my generation or older, the concept of 'maintenance art' can be applied to the shape-shifting, hidden but tenacious work of the Disoeuvre. Feminist artists and art historians must look beyond exhibitionary and public performative conventions to assert the complex practices that produce Disoeuvres, to pursue an analysis of art suggested by second wave feminism.


This research studied an influence of the inertia of the hoisting rope on the dynamics of a mobile crane system. Two dynamics models of the mobile crane were formulated with the inertia included rope model and the massless rope model, and their dynamics response were compared. The floating frame of reference formulation was used in formulating the model of the deformable components. In the simulations, we variated the length of the rope and the mass of the hoisted load then applied the slewing motion to the boom for 10 seconds and let the system underwent free vibration for another 10 seconds while the boom angle was fixed. The deformation of the rope and the comparison of the hoisted load motion between two models were considered. The results illustrated that the rope model with included inertia was able to illustrated its bending during the crane operation and this deformation increased with the length of rope. It appeared that the deformation of the boom tip had influences on the deformation of the rope. In the motion of the hoisted load, the time – history data illustrated that the inertia included rope model had slightly higher frequency than the massless rope model during the free motion, and the trajectory also showed the slightly larger sway. In addition, the total calculation time of the inertia included rope model was around 13 times longer. The difference in the motion of the hoisted load from both models increased with the length of rope but decreased when the mass of load increased. In conclusion, the model with included inertia of rope showed different response to the massless rope model at long rope and light load condition, and this difference was decreased at short rope and heavy load condition.


The purpose of the paper is to present an image of American society presented in the movie What is eating Gilbert Grape by Lasse Hallström. It is the film that not only represents a consumer society, but promises the coming crises as a result of such social idea. This somewhat forgotten film is a penetrating analysis of consumer society. It points to the traps of the social and cultural model of consumption, which came to life after the Second World War an idea - a valve of security for Western societies, and which was to unload tensions and eliminate problems. The author of the movie uses food perfectly as a literal implementation of the next American dream about the ideal society and ideal citizens-consumers. Noting the risks and threats associated with it and anticipating the crisis of long-term implementation of the consumer society model.


Type of funding sources: None.

 Existing data support that coronary microcirculation impairment is common in patients with angina pectoris without obstructive coronary artery disease. There are insufficient data in the literature regarding possible generalized microangiopathy in the above population.

 The aim of this study is to evaluate whether patients with coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) compared to individuals without angina are characterized by a different level of capillary density in the nailfold capillary microscopy.

 We examined 21 patients [9 female, 39%, mean age: 61.2±9.9 years, mean office blood pressure (BP) : 139/86±18/10 mmHg] and 25 CMD patients (16 female, 64%, mean age : 57.9±4.8 years, average office BP: 127/77±18/10 mmHg). In the group of patients with chronic angina pectoris CMD was defined by a standardized systematic protocol in which coronary flow reserve (CFR) and index of microvascular resistance (IMR) were measured in the left anterior descending coronary artery using a temperature/pressure sensor-tipped guidewire. CMD patients were classified into 2 groups, the structural and the functional endotype, based on commonly used cut-offs (impaired CFR < 2.5, increased IMR ≥ 25). Functional CMD was defined as abnormal CFR in combination with normal IMR and structural CMD as abnormal CFR with abnormal IMR.
 In addition, the assessment of skin microcirculation was performed by capillaroscopy, a non-invasive technique to evaluate small vessels of the microcirculation in the nailfold, using stereomicroscope in all patients.

 In CMD group, mean CFR and IMR were 1.6 ± 0.9 and 43.9± 30 IU, respectively. Of the 25 patients with abnormal CFR, 8 (32%) had normal IMR consistent with functional CMD endotype, and 17 (68%) had abnormal IMR consistent with structural endotype.
 Capillary density in patients with CMD was significantly decreased compared to that of asymptomatic participants (9 vs 10.86 vessels/mm, p=0.04). The difference in capillary density between the two groups was statistically significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in body mass index, renal function, medical history of dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and smoking status between the two groups (p<0.05).

 Patients with CMD compared to individuals without angina are characterized by decreased nailfold capillary density. These results suggest that there is a correlation between microcirculatory impairment at the level of the coronary microcirculation and the peripheral vascular beds.


On the basis of comparing and analyzing welding phenomenon of the DCEP P MIG welding and DCEN MIG welding, this paper explains the significance of researching and developing AC P MIG welding.The magnetic blow which is easy to generate in DCEP MIG welding is controlled in AC P MIG welding.Compared with DCEP P MIG welding,the welding wire melting rate is faster and the weld penetration isshallower.AC P MIG welding has varieties of current mode,the AC negative polarity rate AC I EN% is mainly used to control weld penetration , the AC positive polarity pulse I p is mainly used to control metal transfer. The most ideal form of metal transfer is a pulse with a droplet.The related research indicates that the weld penetration of AC P MIG welding is decreasing just as the AC I EN% is increasing in the situation same of wire feed rate.The characteristic of lustrous welding seam surface and low heat content of melting metal are available to weld thin sheet.


In this paper, a positive periodic solution for periodic three-species ratio-dependent predator-prey food chain system is investigated. By using a continuation theorem based on coincidence degree theory. a sufficient condition to ensure the global existence of periodic solution is obtained.


In this investigation, I will analize the idea of the hermaphrodite, cathegorized by Sahagun in his work Historia General de las cosas de la Nueva Espana, as a kind of bad woman, considering that in the sixteenth century medical studies about individuals who presented both biological features had barely begun to be done. I seek to create a new discussion about how homosexuality was seen by the nahuas, how its action was projected as a trangression, and to compare feminine and masculine homosexuality because the conceptualization of each one generated, due to hierarchical differences, a distinct rejection/tolerance context for each of them. This will be done through the analysis of masculinity and femininity construction related to war and fertility in the mexica society and through the analysis of teotipos pursued as man and woman ideals.


Abstract : A unique feature of turbine rotor blade film cooling is the main flow unsteadiness caused by the upstream stator vanes. The combined effect of the vane inviscid flow field and the trailing edge wake results in a rapidly changing external pressure at the film cooled blade surface. Because the film flow through the cooling holes is usually unchoked, the varying external pressure results in a modulation of the mass flow through the holes. This study examined the effect of coolant flow modulation on the film effectiveness and the heat transfer downstream of a row of film cooling holes. Coolant oscillation frequencies and amplitudes were selected to match typical modern gas turbine engine conditions when represented in the appropriate non-dimensional forms. Time average blowing rate (the ratio of coolant mass flux to free stream mass flux) was varied from 0.6 to 1.5. Measurements were made of the flow velocity and temperature fields, the adiabatic film effectiveness, and the film cooling heat transfer using a constant flux heat transfer surface. Both the axial (streamwise) and lateral (cross stream) distributions of these quantities were measured from a single row of five circular holes angled at 60 degrees with respect to the surface normal. Frequency spectra taken from measurements of the fluctuating velocity were used to find the extent of the influence of the driving frequency downstream. The observed effect of the coolant flow oscillation was to decrease effectiveness in the streamwise direction, while having little or no influence on effectiveness in the cross stream direction. The rate of decrease of streamwise effectiveness is, however, a strong function of blowing rate, frequency, and amplitude of fluctuations.


This paper looks at the potential for using scripting languages to teach programming. It demonstrates that the so-called "system programming languages" such as Java and C++ are not suitable to teaching novices. Conversely the modern "scripting languages" are sophisticated and powerful environments in which students can learn the basics of programming without the unnecessary complications entailed in the alternative approach.


, scientifically in his other book entitled I he ^Uth/f , We have no hesitation to say that the clear 1 las succeeded in this object. The book gives Practical details about diet which will be found very helpful to laymen in making a suitable selection of food to meet their special requirements. In a small compass of 55 pages, the author has given sound practical advice as to what a diabetic patient should know to keep himself fit. The recipes of some diabetic dishes given in the book have been prepared by Staff Nurse Wheeler of the Diabetic Kitchen of King's College Hospital. These arc varied and give the diabetic quite a wide range to select his dishes from.


Indonesia has Law Number 26 of 2000 concerning the Human Rights Court or the Law on Human Rights Courts, similar to the Rome Statute. However, this law does not regulate war crimes, while the Rome Statute specifically regulates war crimes. Meanwhile, the perpetrators of war crimes must be tried at any time because those crimes do not know the expiration date. Meanwhile, the perpetrators of war crimes must be tried at any time because those crimes do not know the expiration date. It is the background of this research that the problem will be discussed: How are war crimes provisions in humanitarian law and international criminal law? Why do war crimes need to be regulated in Indonesian criminal law? This type of research is normative juridical research with a statute approach through qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study show that the regulation of war crimes is governed by humanitarian law and international criminal law. In humanitarian law, war crimes are regulated in the 1907 Hague Convention, the 1949 Geneva Convention, The Declaration on the Protection of Women and Children in Emergency 1974, and Additional Protocol II Geneva Convention 1977. Meanwhile, international criminal law regulates the responsibility of war crime perpetrators in the IMT Charter 1945, IMTFE Charter 1946, the 1993 ICTY Statute, the 1994 ICTR Statute, and the 1998 Rome Statute. The urgency of regulating war crimes in Indonesian law is due to four aspects: 1) Indonesia has ratified the 1949 Geneva Convention. 2) No regulations in Indonesia regulate war crimes, even in the 2023 Criminal Code. 3) Indonesia is part of the international community. 4) Law enforcement armed conflict cases in Indonesia is unresolved.


Andric's fiction is closely identified with Bosnia and often taken for a faithful reflection of that country's culture, social relations, and tragic history. Rather than reflecting Bosnian pluralis...


The surface modification of nano CaCO 3 particles presented in the form of slurry (18%(w/v)of solid concentration)via wet route was studied in this paper.After being treated with stearate(3 0g/100g CaCO 3) and aluminum phosphor organic coupling agent(3.0g/100g CaCO 3)at 70℃ for 20min,the nano CaCO 3 particles showed a comparatively low value of oil adsorption(67 ml/100g) and a high activity(98%).The double modification method improved the dispersion of nano CaCO 3 particles in tetrachloromethane obviously,decreased the cluster size of nano CaCO 3 particles from 350—550μm to smaller than 150μm.


Inspired by recent promising developments by deep learning networks, this letter presents a novel approach based on a multifeature long short-term memory (LSTM) network with an optimal unit number for extracting buildings from multitemporal high-resolution optical satellite imagery. The algorithm first extracts specified multifeature data of buildings, including spectral, shape, texture, and indices from multitemporal high-resolution imagery. Next, a designed LSTM network architecture with an optimal unit number is trained using the multifeature data to extract buildings at the pixel level. The proposed network is compared with popular deep learning-based networks, including VGG, U-Net, and ResNet. Finally, postprocessing (e.g., morphological algorithm) is employed to optimize the classification results produced by deep learning. The approach is validated on a newly created data set using Gaofen-2 (GF-2) imagery that contains various buildings on a campus with different materials, shapes, sizes, heights, and directions. Experimental results indicate that the proposed approach outperforms current deep learning-based methods for building extraction and has a potential for practical applications.


Disclosed is crystalline R (+)-N-propargyl-1-aminoindan containing less than 0.5% by weight of water and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, as well as a method for its production and verification. Also disclosed are methods for preparing solid rasagiline base. [Selection figure] None


From the technology point of view, based on the OLAP classification methods, the paper classifies and analyzes the current business intelligence software, compares two mainstream representative BI products,and discusses how to correctly choose the proper BI tools to suit one's application.


System for the global patent space automatic positioning of application materials to obtain a patent for an invention based on statistical and semantic approaches "E-Patent Examiner" - is a system for expert decision making when checking the inventive level, novelty and industrial applicability of the invention. System implementation will shorten the substantive examination. All of the current software performs the search of relevant application documents according to the expert query. "E-Patent Examiner" automatically analyzes the original text of the application. The approach proposed allows avoiding very large volumes of patent databases reformatting and gaining access to these patents for examining and the search for new technical solutions in areas where there are no patents, or they are on the pioneer level.


We have used many decades of visual observations from the AAVSO International Database, and the AAVSO time-series analysis package VSTAR, to study the long-term changes in period, amplitude, and mean magnitude in about 30 normal pulsating red giants (PRGs) i.e. those without large secular changes in period, as well as a few of the rare PRGs which do have such secular period changes. The periods of the typical PRGs "wander" on time scales of about 40 pulsation periods -- significantly longer than the time scales of amplitude variation which are 20-35 with a mean of 27 pulsation periods. We have also studied the range and time scale of the long-term changes in pulsation amplitude and mean magnitude, as well as period, and looked for correlations between these. Changes in mean magnitude are larger in stars in stars with larger mean amplitude, but correlate negatively with changes in amplitude. There is a weak positive correlation between the long-term period changes and amplitude changes. The causes of these three kinds of long-term changes are still not clear. We note, from the presence of harmonics in the Fourier spectra, that the longest-period PRGs have distinctly non-sinusoidal phase curves. For studying PRGs, we demonstrate the advantage of studying stars with minimal seasonal gaps in the observations, such as those near the celestial poles. We studied Z UMi, misclassified as a possible Mira star, but actually an R CrB star. We determined times of onset of 16 fadings. We were not able to determine a coherent pulsation period for this star at maximum, with an amplitude greater than 0.05. We did, however, find that the times of onset of fadings were "locked" to a 41.98-day period -- a typical pulsation period for an R CrB star.


ABSTRACT Child growth and development are important aspects of the quality of human capital in future. This study aimed to examine the association between stunting and fine motor, gross motor, and social independence development among children under the age of five years old. We included a total of 525 children from district level survey in Sedayu Subdistrict, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, for further analysis. Stunting was associated with fine motor (OR =  3.45; 95% CI: 1.22–9.76) and social independence (OR =  7.09; 95% CI: 2.01–25.01), but not gross motor skill (OR =  2.43; 95% CI: 0.67–8.81). Performance ratios of fine motor (p = 0.02) and social independence (p = 0.01) skills were also higher among non-stunted children compared to stunted children.


A simple technique is described for determining ambient atmospheric levels of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde using impinger collection in acidified 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine/acetonitrile solution and direct analysis by high-performance liquid chromatogrpy-uv absorbance detection of the corresponding phenylhydrazone derivatives on reversed-phase columns. A limit of detection of approx. 1 ppB for 1-hr impinger collections is obtained. Data from a coastal NE USA site showed no discernable diurnal trends, but strong seasonal variations in the levels of both formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were observed, with summer maxima and winter minima. Formaldehyde/acetaldehyde ratios were relatively high (>4) in winter and spring, but were low (<2) in summer and fall. 18 references, 18 figures, 20 tables.


Changing from chieftain system back to flowing official system was an important event throughout Ming and Qing dynasties in the history of Guizhou, which was in fact the process of interactive amalgamation between Han civilization and ethnic civilizations. It laid a foundation for the gradual establishment of Guizhou as a province. By means of politics, military, economy, and education, the Ming and Qing governments gradually substituted feudalist relation of production for the economic base of other social modes in Guizhou. However, as the two dynasties were faced with different conditions, especially the striking differences between attitudes of the administrators, the ways of changing from chieftain system back to flowing official system were different in terms of initiative, concrete means, and rehabilitation works.


A greenhouse experiment was carried out to assess the reaction of five maize ( Zea mays L.) genotypes under drought stress. Seeds were planted in Petri dishes. The study was established in a completely randomized design with five replications. The plants were harvested 15 days after sowing, and leaf area per plant (LA), longest root length (LRL), plant height (PH), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), shoot dry weight (SDW), RDW/SDW ratio, and total dry matter (TDM) were determined. Significant varietal differences for all characters were found. The data obtained allowed to identify SC 500 as a suitable genotype at low water supply.


The military have always required land reserved for their own special purposes. There have been three phases in the history of the military use of land during peacetime. In the ancient and medieval worlds, the martial requirement for land was largely confined to the construction of town walls, although the Roman development of frontier defences and the systematic employment of temporary or marching camps,1 plus the spate of castle building in western Europe between the tenth and thirteenth centuries, extended some military installations into the countryside. A similar pattern stretched into the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries with sites for fixed fortifications, both urban and rural, constituting the principal military land use. During the seventeenth century, however, the development of standing armies in Europe resulted in a growing requirement for training and manoeuvre grounds. The introduction of the rifled cannon, the explosive shell, and the mass conscript army brought fundamental change during the decade of the 1860s. In the first place, towns ceased to be centres of defence per se and fixed fortifications were largely transferred to the countryside to protect strategic avenues, key installations, 'national redoubts' and frontier zones. In the second place, the military appetite for rural land became voracious as the aeroplane, conscript armies, and long-range weapons devoured huge expanses of land for airfields, manoeuvres and the practice firing of weapons. There was also a change in the type of land needed. Towns have usually enjoyed little choice as to whether they became fortified or remained open, these decisions resting upon their geostrategic locations or the local political situation or, frequently, both. Before the nineteenth century, the military made virtually no negative impact on the countryside, as its occasional needs extended only to unproductive or marginal land.


In this paper, a model of emotions is proposed based on various neurological and psychological findings. The proposed model consists of three layers: the external/internal appraisal layer, the prediction/decision-making layer, and the emotional memory layer. We implement the proposed model by integrating some deep learning modules such as recurrent attention model, convolutional long short-term memory, and deep deterministic policy gradient. We set a "facial expression" task simulating mother-child interactions and verified emotion differentiation during the task. We also examine the trained model in the "still face" experiment. A claim in this study is that it is a very important step for the constructive approach to compare the proposed model with real human subjects in the same experiment that was carried out in the psychological studies.


Summary Information extracted from 0.5 x 0.5 km cells on maps depicting floodings since 1963 in a red gum forest near Barmah, Victoria, were combined with historical records of water flow in the River Murray to prepare maps showing some characteristics of the floods occurring in the forest from 1895 to 1984 inclusive. Characteristics estimated included the distributions of frequency, duration of flooding, and duration of periods between flooding.


As a novel of multi-resolution analysis tool, second generation contourlet transform SGCT provides flexible multiresolution, anisotropy, and directional expansion for medical imaging systems. In this paper, a novel fusion method for multimodal medical images based on SGCT is proposed. Firstly, we utilise the SGCT to decompose the multimodal medical images with highpass subbands and lowpass subbands. Then, for the highpass subbands, the weighted sum modified Laplacian WSML method is utilised to generate the high frequency coefficients to recovery image details. For the lowpass subbands, the maximum local energy MLE method is combined with 'local patch' idea for low frequency coefficients selection. Finally, the fused image is obtained by applying inverse SGCT to combine lowpass and highpass subbands. During abundant experiments, we evaluate the proposed method both human visual and quantitative analysis. Compare with the-state-of-the-art methods, the new strategy for attaining image fusion with satisfactory performance.


In recent years, multisensor information fusion has been widely used in military field, automatic aircraft navigation, robotics, image processing and other related fields. This paper mainly introduces the concept and architecture model of multisensor information fusion. The most frequently used algorithms are also illustrated such as weighted average method, Kalman filter, particle filter, Bayes estimation and neural network. Furthermore, the main applications of multisensor information fusion are demonstrated in the military, industrial field, navigation and robotics. The prospects of multisensor information fusion is discussed in the paper as well.


Strain of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria taken from a vancomycin intermediate resistant culture (VISA). Credit: By Content Providers(s): CDC/ Matthew J. Arduino, DRPHPhoto Credit: Janice Haney Carr This media comes from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Image Library (PHIL), with identification number #11157. Public Domain, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7469288


Pressure ulcers are injuries to the skin and/or underlying tissues caused by prolonged high pressures on supporting body areas, they aect mainly people with poor mobility that have stayed in seating position for a long time. Reducing the amount and duration of pressure has been widely accepted for minimizing the risk of formation of pressure ulcers. Recently, dynamic cushions have been developed to relieve pressure on supporting areas; nevertheless, there is no sucient


Abstract Scattering on the energy shell is viewed here as the relation between the bound states of the Hamiltonian, restricted to sections on leads that are asymptotically independent, far away from the interaction region. The decomposition is achieved by sectioning this region and adding new leads, thus generating two new scatterers, so a resonant scatterer, whose S matrix has sharp energy peaks, can be resolved into a pair of scatterers with smooth energy dependence. The resonant behaviour is concentrated in a spectral determinant obtained from a dissipative section map. The semiclassical limit of this theory coincides with the orbit resummation previously proposed by Georgeot and Pranges (Phys. Rev. Lett.74, 4110 (1995)). A numerical example for a semiseparable scatterer is investigated, revealing the accurate portrayal of the Wigner time delay by the spectral determinant.


ABSTRACT Phenoloxidase (PO) catalyses the synthesis of o-quinones, which plays critical roles in the innate immunity of insects. The un-activated form of PO is prophenoloxidase (PPO), which has been widely reported, especially in connection with the immune response of insects to invading organisms or chemicals. However, connection between PPO and challenge by combinations of two biocontrol agents (parasitoids and virus) is not well known. We cloned the cDNA encoding an insect PPO (designated as SePPO1) from the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), and studied the response of SePPO to the challenge of Microplitis pallidipes Szepligeti and Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV). The results indicated that SePPO1 had an open reading frame of 2055 bp. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that SePPO1 shared 51% identity with SePPO2, and the two SePPO genes were positively correlated in mRNA levels, which indicated that they act synergistically. The two SePPOs were mainly expressed in older instar larvae, especially in haemolymph. Parasitism by M. pallidipes inhibited PPO transcription and PO activity, and SeMNPV infection induced the upregulation of PPO transcription and increased PO activity 72 h after treatment. And in the combined treatment, PO activity and PPO transcription were downregulated, which indicates that parasitism suppressed the upregulation induced by SeMNPV infection. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


The electricity price forecasting is important in our daily life. It does not only benefit to the customers but also the providers since the pressure of the load station in the rush hours can be reduced. As there are a lot of history information can be adopted, one of the problems for the electricity price forecasting is how to select the useful features in order to increase the accuracy of the forecasting and also reduce the time complexity. This paper we apply the decision tree c4.5 to select the relevant features for electricity price forecasting. We show the performance of C4.5 is better than the ID3 in terms of accuracy experientially.


Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rare and heterogeneous disease that remains the major cause of mortality in children with leukemia. To improve the outcome of pediatric AML we need to gain knowledge on the biological bases of this disease. NUP98-KDM5A (NK5A) fusion protein is present in a particular subgroup of young pediatric patients with poor outcome. We report the generation and characterization of human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) clonal lines with inducible expression of NK5A. Temporal control of NK5A expression during hematopoietic differentiation from hESC will be critical for elucidating its participation during the leukemogenic process.


Standard neoclassical models are unable to generate large values for the fiscal multiplier, the aggregate economic response to increased government spending. Empirical estimates place the multiplier between 0.7 and 1.0. Standard models deliver figures close to zero. In an earlier policy paper, we modified the standard model, with features of demand-based productivity. These modifications raised the figure to just 0.17, still very far from the range found in the empirical literature. In this note, we introduce a further modification that does produce a fiscal multiplier as large as the empirical estimates. The previous set of modifications involved the disutility of having to search for desired goods and services. We now introduce a feature that amplifies this search process: product variety. When households desire many varieties and search is costly, it creates the possibility of excess capacity. With excess production capacity available, government expenditure can rise without rivaling private spending for goods and services, a crowding out that would otherwise undercut the multiplier effect of higher fiscal spending. Firms faced with greater aggregate demand are able to increase production, sell more and generate higher profits. Firms will then search for more workers, raising employment, household income and private consumption.


The purpose of this paper is to map some of the central copyright issues that museums confront through their involvement in digital cultural retrieval initiatives. Parts II and III discuss the interface of museums, digitization, and copyright law through two different - and to some extent conflicting - prisms: museums as users of copyrighted materials and museums as owners of copyrighted materials. Part IV summarizes the conclusions of my discussion in previous parts while presenting some proposals for new directions in shaping the law of digital cultural preservation.


This paper presents a new approach to model heat transfer problems and more particularly diffusive interfaces. These interfaces can be modeled with fractional models, based on the use of a fractional integration operator. Succinctly, the approach presented in this paper consists in identification of the behavior of diffusive interfaces starting' from frequency considerations derived from the analysis of a diffusion problem. Using a simplified linear fractional model, this identification is carried out by the output-error technique. A numerical simulation is presented in this paper in order to illustrate the improvements of the proposed fractional integrator in the linear case


It introduces the development experience of Guang′anmen Hospital since it started information construction. The practice shows that the hospital elevates management level and patient satisfaction rate by information,guarantees medical treatment,teaching,and scientific research work,and increases hospital′s reputation degree,which has gained obvious effect.


Parenting is the way parents nurture, guide, train and direct their children. Caring for children is also the mindset and behavior of parents towards their children. Prosocial behavior is behavior that inevitably impacts others, fostering self-serving behavior without expecting anything for yourself. Prosocial behavior is behavior that is expected to provide physical or mental blessings to others. the prosocial behavior instilled in people from the formative years leads to charm and sophisticated social intelligence. Of course, when humans get used to prosocial behavior, children with excessive curiosity become very important, and this curiosity can be proven in a positive way.


Three hundred and twenty-seven eighth grade students completed the Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI; Coopersmith, 1984) and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluations Scale (FACES III; Olson, Portner, & Lavee, 1985), as participants in a study investigating the relationship between self-esteem and perceptions of family characteristics. The students' scores on the FACES 111 scale were cast into the 16 cells of the Circumplex Model (Olson, Russell, & Sprenkle 1979, 1983), so that variations in SEI scores could be examined in this framework. Consistent with expectations, there was systematic covariation between SEI and FACES scores. Mean SEI scores increased monotonically with increases in cohesion, while they varied in a curvilinear fashion with increases in adaptability. This latter pattern was more in line with the theoretical formulations of Olson et al. than the former one. Results of a correlational analysis between SEI scores and the "Distance from the Center" index of Olson et al., were consistent with the view that optimal functioning tended to be found towards the center, that is at moderate overall combined levels of  cohesion and adaptability. These results were examined in the light of the relevant parent-child relations literature. It was noted that the most important parallel appeared to be between parental warmth and family cohesion.


to realize the rehabilitation exercise modes of the 3RSS/S ankle rehabilitation parallel robot,the paper designs the control system by taking "PC+PMAC" as the platform of systematic hardware,and develops the software system based on Visual C++6.0.Some experiments proved that the control system can fulfill the demands of the ankle rehabilitation exercise.


The article presents the results of full-factor experiments of the cylinder with multifaceted spiked of the cleaner of cotton from small waste. Based on the research, the best values of the rotational speed of the spiked cylinders, the number of edges of the spikes and the gap between the spiked cylinders and the net were obtained.


Objective:Selection ofthe optimal formulation for IL-2 targeting liposome and determination ofcontent for 5-FUR.Methods:orthogonal test method was used to selection the optimal formulation,UV spectrophotometry was used to determine the 5-FUR prodrug content,and the detection wavelength was at 267 nm.Results:The optimal formulation showed Drug/EPC 1∶10,EPC/Ch 3∶1.The absorbency and concentration of 5-FUR prodrug had good linearity in the range of 2.0~20.0μg/mL.The regression equation was y=16.357x+0.007,r= 0.999 7(n=3),The 5-FUR prodrug content was 18.84~18.91μg/ml.The average recovery rate was 97.09%,and RSD=2.05%(n=3).Conclusion:Formulation was designed reasonablely.The method is simple,stable and reliable,which can be used to determine the 5-FUR prodrug in IL-2 targeting liposome.


Observations of the Stokes I and V profiles of the Ca II H and K lines in solar magnetic regions are presented. Least-squares fits of dl/dA to V are obtained and the wavelength variation of the residuals, i.e. V-kdI/dA, calculated. We find significant symmetric residuals in umbrae, which are in agreement with the effect on the V profiles due to atomic orientation, i.e. with the existence of an unequal population of the Zeeman sublevels with M>0 with respect to those with M<0. INTRODUCTION Basically, there are two distinct mechanisms capable of generating polarization in the radiation emitted by an atom at a point in the solar atmosphere: a) One is due to the presence of a splitting of the atomic levels, e.g. due to the Zeeman effect. Here, the different components of the line emit radiation with different polarization properties according to the AM-values of the atomic transitions. Under these circumstances, and in the absence of velocity gradients, the Stokes-V profile would be antisymmetric. b) The other mechanism is due to the presence of population differences and/or coherences among the sublevels, i.e. to the presence of atomic polarization. For instance, for a transition like that of the Ca II H line (i.e. J u =J ( = l/2), if the sublevel with M=l /2 of the upper level is more populated than the sublevel with M=l /2 , then the emission process would contribute to the Stokes-V profile with a symmetric signal. In fact, atomic polarization involves in general both alignment and orientation (see e.g. Landi Degl'Innocenti, 1983). To produce alignment it is sufficient to have a limb-darkened radiation field. This property, induced by an anysotropic illumination of the atoms, can lead to significant linear polarization signals (Q and U Stokes profiles), like for instance those observed by Stenfio etal. (1980) in non-magnetic regions close to the solar limb. On the other hand, to produce orientation it is necessary that the sublevels with M>0 be illuminated by a radiation field that is different from the radiation field which illuminates the sublevels with M<0. For this one needs a magnetic field (which splits the sublevels) and an agent capable of breaking the symmetry of the incident radiation field with respect to the center of the split line, like e.g. terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0252921100029766 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 18.104.22.168, on 29 Jul 2018 at 01:26:39, subject to the Cambridge Core ATOMIC ORIENTATION IN CHROMOSPHERIC LINES 527 the presence of mass-motions of the material inside the magnetic regions with respect to the surrounding atmosphere (see e.g. Landi Degl'Innocenti, 1985). In this contribution we show the first results of a research project aimed at investigating whether atomic orientation signatures are present in chromospheric lines. Here, we present results for the Ca II H and K lines, which are known to exhibit measurable circular polarization (e.g. Martinez Pillet etal. , 1990).


The present essay concerns to the analysis of the adequate representation of the parties in defendant class action or in a bilateral class action in order to protect rights involving large number of people, especially related to conflicts arising out of the utilization of the Internet.


Decision makers in health care systems are giving greater emphasis to ambulatory care because of its recognized magnitude (in terms of volume of services rendered) and its potential cost-effectiveness. A challenge to computer scientists is to develop and evaluate computer support systems for ambulatory care professionals at each one of several critical decision points of the care process. These decision points may be at the level of interaction between patient and physician at the time of each encounter, or at the institutional level where the effect is on the setting in which ambulatory care is delivered. Early experiences of computer applications in ambulatory medicine are helping to delineate areas where there is promise of widespread implementation. One of these areas is the computerization of summary ambulatory medical records such as the health-illness profile. This document serves the dual purpose of facilitating medical decisions at the time of each patient encounter, and administrative decisions made by the clinic directors to meet the health needs of the community.


The paper is addressed to studies of earthing system components corrosion in different climatic conditions based on comparative field tests results from Poland, North Africa and China. The paper is continuation of the paper presented at ICLP 2010 in Cagliari, and contains discussion and analyses of new field corrosion tests and observations performed in Sudan, which is located in warm, dry (arid), desert climate.


OXIDATION REACTIONS Polyoxometalates as Homogeneous Oxidation Catalysts Recent Advantages in Bioinspired Oxidation Catalysis The Fabulous Destiny of Sulfenic Acids Sustainable Catalytic Oxidations with Peroxides HYDROGENATION AND REDUCTION REACTIONS Asymmetric Hydrogenation Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Catalytic Hydrogenation of Bicyclo[2.2.2]Octenes and Dehydroamino Acid Derivatives Ir-Catalysed Hydrogenation Modeling in Homogeneous Catalysis: A Tutorial C-C AND C-HETERO BOND FORMING REACTIONS Golden Times for Allenes Copper-Catalysis in Arene and Heteroarene Functionalization through C-H Bond Activation Ligated Organocuprates: An A-Z Routemap of Mechanism and Application Rh-, Ag- and Cu-Catalyzed C-N Bond Formation Development of the Asymmetric Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi Reaction Chiral Imidate Ligands: Synthesis and Applications in Asymmetric Catalysis Catalyzed Organic Reactions in Ball Mills


A Joint Link Prediction Query (JLPQ) specifies a set of links to be predicted, given another set of links as well as node attributes as evidence. While single link prediction has been well studied in literature on deep graph learning, predicting multiple links together has gained little attention. This paper presents a novel framework for computing JLPQs using a probabilistic deep Graph Generative Model. Specifically, we develop inference procedures for an inductively trained Variational Graph Auto-Encoder (VGAE) that estimates the joint link probability for any input JLPQ, without retraining. For evaluation, we apply inference to a range of joint link prediction queries on six benchmark datasets. We find that for most datasets and query types, joint link prediction via inference from a model achieves good predictive performance, better than the independent link prediction baselines (by 0.02-0.4 AUC points depending on the dataset).


The detectability of human papillomavirus DNA from cervical smears was studied by DNA tests of varying sensitivity. The results were correlated with cervical cytologic abnormalities. A total of 326 women examined at the gynecological outpatient clinics of five Scandinavian hospitals were enrolled in the study on the basis of previous pathological cervical smear or clinically suspected human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The cervical smears were examined for HPV‐DNA of types 6/11, 16 or 18 by two direct DNA tests, the AffiProbe HPV test and the ViraType test. The proportion of HPV‐DNA‐positive women with normal cytology, benign atypia (mild nuclear and cytoplasmic changes without signs of dysplasia) and dyskaryosis were 16% (12/77), 27% (42/156) and 37% (30/81), respectively. The smears negative for HPV types 6/11, 16 or 18 and those yielding discrepant results in the two commercial tests were also analysed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. By PCR analysis, the HPV 6/11, 16 or 18 DNA positivity increased from 27% to 41%. The increase was particularly pronounced among the women with dyskaryosis in cytology.


With modern production technology miniaturization,precision of development,the sharp increase in demand for micro motors,resulting in micro-motor axis increase.Micro-motor axis is key structure of micro-motor,its producing and testing is the most important process.Based on practical experience of many years,this paper introduces the producing process and debug technology of the micro-motor axis.


Implant-retained auricular prosthesis presents a difficult task in relation to the esthetic placement of the margins of the prosthesis. A technique for the functional impression and master cast fabrication to fabricate an implant-retained auricular prosthesis is described. This technique allows esthetic placement of the margin, fabrication of imperishable master cast with pre-planned block-out and incorporation of a replica of the retentive bar, which allows processing of the prosthesis without returning the retentive bar to the mold. Correspondence to: Dr. Ajay Jain, Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Dentistry, AIMST Dental Institute, AIMST University, Kedah, Malaysia, Tel: +60109454204, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


at least, there will be an imbalance between the number of people trained for the education profession and available positions. Assuming that this data is correct, the profession is faced with the uncomfortable and difficult task of either prioritizing and changing its training efforts, or risk having them excluded completely by external decision-making groups. What changes are likely to occur in the profession and how does the profession fit within a construct based


SYNOPSIS The nature of the episodes of severe mental disorder which Strindberg suffered after the age of 45 has led to considerable discussion, much of which must remain inconclusive until all the relevant documents, some still awaiting publication, can be assessed. On the basis of present evidence, the diagnosis of an affective, schizophrenic, or toxic state is considered, and the views of earlier psychiatrists are discussed.


In the present report, with the aid of the usual computation methods, a rotor is investigated the pitch of whose blades is capable of being controlled in such a manner that it varies linearly with the flapping angle. To test the effect of this linkage on the aircraft performance, the theory is applied to an illustrative example.


The reflection that occurs when a beam, rather than a plane wave, is incident normally on a quarter-wavelength matching layer can be of vital importance in semiconductor laser design. An analysis in three dimensions is given for the general case of a field of arbitrary form and polarization incident on the matching layer. The field is represented as an angular spectrum of plane waves, each component plane wave being modified by the appropriate Fresnel reflection coefficient to give the field reflected back onto the diode structure. Brown's antenna reciprocity theorem is used to determine the amplitude of the corresponding mode traveling back down the diode.


In white fat cells obtained from normal rats given 25 micrograms of L-3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T-3) 18 hours prior to sacrifice, lipolysis was increased and the ATP content decreased by norepinephrine (0.2-0.3 μM) after incubation for either 10 or ISO minutes. Basal ATP content was unaffected by T-3 treatment. In control cells, norepinephrine did not alter ATP levels. The oxygen consumption of white fat cells incubated either in the absence or presence of glucose was increased by T-3 treatment. Oligomycin had little inhibitory effect on basal respiration of fat cells incubated in the presence of glucose but abolished the increase due to T-3 treatment. Ouabain at 0.1 or 1 DIM did not block respiration in fat cells from either control T-3 treated rats under conditions in which it blocked the lipolytic action of catecholamines. The present results suggest that the stimulation of respiration in white fat cells by T-3 is secondary to increased utilization or dissipation of energy conserved during electron tran...


METHODS: The research method used in this research was experimental laboratory with pre-and posttest only control group design. RESULTS: The result shows that the extradiol level which has range of 26.30–31.03 from 28 experimental animals measured, this showed more measurement diameter which has not had measurement addition compare with the wide percentage of measurement. The result shows strong correlation between digitalized measured wide follicles to the changing of estradiol level with value of 0.453. The result of comparation between estradiol level and measured diameter shows weak correlation. This shows that manual measurement of follicle diameter still weak to the changing of estradiol level. CONCLUSION: There is strong correlation between measured wide area follicle used ImageJ applications to the changing of estradiol level compare to the measurement of follicle diameter. Edited by: Mirko Spiroski Citation: Noviyanti N, Yueniwati Y, Rahardjo B, Mintaroem K, Khristian E. The New Detection Method of Ovarian Follicle Development Using Digitized Wide Area Measurement. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2021 May 18; 9(B):475-479. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6122


In order to use the ability of levitation and dynamic lubrication of the ultrasonic vibration to construct a new bearing with friction-free and lubrication-free,we analyzed the characteristic of the Nearly-Levitation and the vibrating model of the piezoelectric vibrator tested the levitation ability of ultrasonic vibration.The result shows: the greater the amplitude is,the higher the levitative gap is,and the existence of the minuteness gap helps the formation of the film and reduces the friction coefficient.


Two notable late‐medieval images depicting St Edmund King and Martyr, or his shrine, associate his cult with prayers and intercession for the king. In Lydgate's illustrated verse life of the saint, Henry VI is shown kneeling before the shrine, while on the Wilton Diptych, Edmund is one of three saints presenting Richard II to the Virgin Mary. This article explores royal devotion to Edmund, examining efforts of kings to sustain a religious aura linked to saintly predecessors. The article considers evidence for royal visits to Bury St Edmunds abbey and gift‐giving in honour of the saint. Rulers from the eleventh century onwards venerated Edmund, including Edward the Confessor (himself later canonised). Twelfth‐ and thirteenth‐century royal pilgrimages combined visits to shrines at Westminster, Canterbury, Bury and East Anglian holy sites. Henry III named his second son in honour of the saint. Meanwhile, Edmund's banner was carried, and gifts made in intercession or thanks, for success in battle. Despite emerging interest in the martial cult of St George, kingly giving in honour of Edmund continued in the fourteenth century, with the saint honoured alongside others, notably the Confessor and Becket. This combined devotion, it is argued, was the predominant way in which kings of England invoked the saints. St Edmund's importance in kingly religious activity linked sanctified kingship with appeals to the attributes of a range of saints.


Objective.We aimed to establish the prevalence and clinical associations of anti-HMG-CoA-reductase (anti-HMGCR) in a large UK cohort with juvenile myositis. Methods. There were 381 patients investigated for anti-HMGCR using ELISA. Results. Anti-HMGCR autoantibodies were detected in 4 patients (1%). These children had no or minimal rash and significant muscle disease. Muscle biopsies were considered distinctive, with widespread variation in fiber size, necrotic fibers, and chronic inflammatory cell infiltrates; all had prolonged elevation of creatine kinase and all ultimately received biologic therapies. Conclusion. Anti-HMGCR in UK children with myositis are associated with severe disease that is poorly responsive to standard treatment. (J Rheumatol First Release February 15 2017; doi:10.3899/ jrheum.160871) Key Indexing Terms: PEDIATRIC DERMATOMYOSITIS/POLYMYOSITIS PEDIATRIC RHEUMATIC DISEASES AUTOANTIBODIES PROGNOSIS From the Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Royal United Hospitals Foundation Trust; University of Bath, Bath; University College London (UCL) Institute of Child Health; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology at UCL, University College London Hospitals (UCLH), and Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London; Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds; Nottingham University Hospitals UK National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Nottingham, UK. Funding for the UK Juvenile Dermatomyositis Cohort and Biomarker study has been provided by the Wellcome Trust UK (085860), Action Medical Research UK (SP4252), The Myositis Support Group UK, Arthritis Research UK (14518, 20164), The Henry Smith Charity and Great Ormond Street Children's Charity (V1268), and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Translational Research Collaboration Rare Diseases. This research was supported by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at GOSH for Children NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Child Health UCL. SLT is supported by a fellowship from The Bath Institute for Rheumatic Diseases and has received previous support from the BMA Doris Hillier Grant (2012). S.L. Tansley, MBChB, MRCP, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Royal United Hospitals Foundation Trust, and University of Bath; Z.E. Betteridge, BSc, PhD, University of Bath; S. Simou, MSc, UCL Institute of Child Health; T.S. Jacques, PhD, MRCP, FRCPath, UCL Institute of Child Health, and GOSH; C. Pilkington, MBBS, FRCPCH, FRCP, GOSH; M. Wood, MBBS, MRCPCH, Leeds Children's Hospital; K. Warrier, MBBS, MRCPCH, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust; L.R. Wedderburn, MD, PhD, FRCP, UCL Institute of Child Health, and GOSH, and Arthritis Research UK Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology at UCL, UCLH, and GOSH; N.J. McHugh, MD, FRCP, FRCPath, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Royal United Hospitals Foundation Trust, and University of Bath. Address correspondence to Dr. S.L. Tansley, Royal National Hospital For Rheumatic Diseases NHS Foundation Trust, Upper Borough Walls, Bath BA1 1RL, UK. E-mail: email@example.com Accepted for publication December 23, 2016. Necrotizing autoimmune myopathy (NAM) is a subgroup of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies that is defined by common clinical and histopathological features. Patients present with high creatinine kinase (CK) levels and often profound weakness. On muscle biopsy, characteristic features include myofiber necrosis, minimal endomysial, and perivascular inflammatory infiltrate, and in some cases focal endomysial fibrosis1. Despite little or no muscle inflammation, NAM usually responds to immunomodulatory therapy, highlighting that this is an immune-mediated phenotype. It has been associated with 2 myositis-specific autoantibodies: antisignal recognition peptide (anti-SRP) and more recently anti-HMG-CoA-reductase (HMGCR). Patients with anti-HMGCR–associated disease make up about 6% of adult idiopathic inflammatory myopathy cohorts2. In addition to NAM, anti-HMGCR antibodies are associated with statins, an intriguing finding given that HMGCR is the pharmacologic target of statins and is upregulated by statin use2. While statins are typically prescribed to adult patients, anti-HMGCR has been reported in patients with juvenile-onset NAM, but data are extremely limited3. Further, 40%–70% of adults with anti-HMGCR–associated NAM have no history of statin exposure, suggesting the presence of alternative disease triggers2,3. We aimed to establish the prevalence and clinical associations of anti-HMGCR in a large UK juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myositis (JIIM) cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients. Serum samples and matched clinical data were obtained from 381 patients with JIIM recruited to the UK Juvenile Dermatomyositis Cohort and Biomarker Study described previously4. Ethical approval has been obtained (Northeast-York Research Ethics Committee 01/3/022). Parental consent and consent or age-appropriate assent was obtained in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Autoantibody detection. Immunoprecipitation of all samples was performed to determine the presence of myositis-specific and -associated autoantibodies, as previously described5,6. The presence of anti-HMGCR was determined in all samples by ELISA using recombinant antigen, as previously described7. Positive samples were confirmed by Western blotting (insufficient serum for patient 3). A further 48 juvenile healthy controls, 21 patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus, and 27 muscular dystrophy were found to be negative for anti-HMGCR. Immunofluorescence. Human epithelial cell line 2 indirect immunofluorescence was performed at 1:40 serum dilution for all anti-HMGCR–positive samples according to the manufacturer's instructions (Inova). Muscle biopsy. Where tissue was available for reassessment, muscle biopsies were processed, stained, and scored (using the International Juvenile Dermatomyositis score tool) by an expert pediatric neuropathologist (TSJ) blinded to clinical data8,9. RESULTS Anti-HMGCR autoantibodies were detected in 4 of the 381 patients (1%). None had a history of statin exposure. Anti-HMGCR autoantibodies were not found in conjunction with any other myositis-specific or -associated autoantibody. All patients with anti-HMGCR had a cytoplasmic staining pattern on immunofluorescence, and 2 had additional coarse speckled nuclear staining. While numbers were insufficient for statistical analysis, based on Childhood Myositis Assessment Scores (CMAS) and the physician's global assessment of disease activity visual analog scores (PGA), children with anti-HMGCR were weaker and had greater disease activity (Table 1). Consistent with previous reports in juvenile-onset disease, CK at presentation was elevated in just 55.4% of patients10,11. Of those patients with an elevated CK, the median value was 1039 IU/l (415–4115.25), compared with 15,500 (12,000–25,250) for those with anti-HMGCR. Patient 1. A 4-year-old girl developed a relatively slow-onset muscular weakness with a lowest-ever CMAS of 28 (0–53), corresponding to a moderate degree of weakness12. CK at presentation was 12,000. She had no rash. Muscle biopsy was reported to be consistent with dermatomyositis (DM). Her highest-ever PGA was 4.8 out of 10. She responded to initial treatment with oral methotrexate (MTX) and steroids, but CK remained elevated. Her disease flared (lowest CMAS of 33 with no rash and peak CK of 7000) when MTX was stopped after a lengthy period of remission, following which treatment was restarted with subcutaneous MTX alongside oral prednisolone (PRED). She subsequently responded to infliximab (IFX) and entered remission. Patient 2. A 13.8-year-old girl presented with periorbital puffiness and hyperpigmentation with progressive weakness over 1–2 months. Her CK was found to be 44,000. She received pulsed intravenous (IV) methylprednisolone with some improvement. Muscle biopsy revealed a destructive myopathy with inflammation and necrosis. One month later, her CMAS score was 0, indicating very severe weakness. She required nasogastric feeding. She received further pulses of IV methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide (CYC), and subcutaneous MTX. Improvement in muscle power was extremely slow, leading to concern that there may be an additional underlying muscle disease. Further investigations, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electromyography, and nerve conduction studies were consistent with myositis. This patient was subsequently treated with azathioprine, rituximab (RTX), and further CYC before entering remission with IFX. Patient 3. An 11.8-year-old boy presented with a 6-month history of evolving proximal muscle weakness. CK was 19,000. Lack of any rash prompted consideration of muscular 2 The Journal of Rheumatology 2017; 44:4; doi:10.3899/jrheum.160871 Personal non-commercial use only. The Journal of Rheumatology Copyright © 2017. All rights reserved. Table 1. Summary of the characteristics of the 4 patients with anti-HMGCR autoantibodies compared with the remainder of the JIIM cohort. Patients with anti-HMGCR were weaker, had more severe disease, and had dramatically higher CK levels throughout their disease course. Patient Skin Sex Age at Lowest CMAS, Highest PGA, CK at Onset, CK at 6 Mos CK at 12 Mos Lowest CK, Rash Disease Onset, 0–53 0–10 IU/l Postdiagnosis, Postdiagnosis, IU/l Yrs IU/l IU/l 1 No Female 4 28 4.8 12,18


According to the TNM Supplement, only breast carcinoma with macroscopic 'classic' skin changes (e.g., edema, peau d'orange, ulceration) should be placed in the T4 category; the classification of tumors with histologically proven skin involvement but no clinical skin changes or only discreet changes should be based on the size of the tumor (T1–3). To the authors' knowledge, no data supporting these recommendations have been reported to date.


All political lives, unless they are cut off in midstream at a happy juncture, end in failure, because that is the nature of politics and of human affairs.


Background: To obtain a thorough comprehension of the profile and prognosis of activating transcription factor (ATF) family members in breast cancer.Method: We searched Oncomine, GEPIA, cBioPortal, Kaplan-Meier plotter, and CancerSEA databases to assess expression level, prognostic value, and functions of ATFs in breast cancer. Results: In breast cancer, we found that the expression levels of genes like ATF1, ATF5, and ATF6, were higher than in normal tissues. While the expression levels of ATF3, ATF4, ATF7 were lower in the former than in the latter. Similarly, the ATFs protein expressions were consistent with this in the Human Protein Atlas database. High expressions of ATF2, ATF4, and ATF6-7 were associated with good relapse-free survival. Increased expressions of ATF4 and ATF7 had high overall survival. Conversely, the mRNA expression of ATF1 was negatively correlated with distant metastasis-free survival. Similarly, high expression of ATF2 had reduced post-progression survival. Conclusions: ATF1 was a target of potential therapeutic interest for breast cancer, and ATF4 and ATF6-7 were potential prognostic factors in evaluating breast cancer.


: This work aimed to investigate the impact of spraying solution of tryptophan or pyridoxine at different levels (0, 50, 75 and 100 mg/L water) of supplementation on crop yield of green berseem fodder and their chemical composition at different cut stages. Another target of the study is to improve their crop yield as value-added in animal feed and improving their chemical composition. The results showed that the dietary treatments had significantly effect (P<0.05) on the forage yield. The forage yield data seemed to be curve-linear where the third cut stage of Green Berseem Fodder (GBF) recorded the highest value of forage yield followed by the fourth cut stage (3.589 ton/ hectare) then second cut stage. Spraying GBF by pyridoxine recorded the highest value of forage yield comparing to that sprayed by tryptophan. There were significant (P<0.05) interaction between source and level (S x L) of supplementation; source and cuts (S x C); level and cuts (L x C) and source, level and cuts (S x L x C) on forage yield of GBF. Except for EE content, the other values of chemical analysis, Am-Euras. J. Agron., 14 (1): 01-12, 2021 in the near value among the two sources of supplementation (tryptophan and pyridoxine). Level of supplementations and Berseem cut stages had significant effect (P<0.05) on all determined nutrients of photosynthetic pigments of BGF. Their were significant (P<0.05) interactions among (S x L), (S x C), (L x C) and (S x L x C) for all parameters determined of photosynthetic pigments of BGF.


The analysis method of simultaneous determination of benzoic acid and sorbic acid in soy was discussed by HPLC.Chromatographic conditions were as follows: methanol-0.02 mol/L NH4Ac(5∶95)as the mobile phase,flow rate is 1.0 mL/min,UV wave length of detection is 230 nm,column temperature is 25 ℃ and injection volume is 10 μL.A good linear relationship was obtained by the external standard method in the range of 5~100 μg/mL.The correlation coefficient of regression equation of standard sample were more than 0.999.The detection limit of benzoic acid and sorbic acid were 0.35μg/mL,0.32μg/mL.The average recovery were 94.09% and 98.15%,respectively.The relative standard deviation were 2.09%~3.90%.It shows that this method is accurate,sensitive and simple.


The invention provides wireless communication equipment and a mail notification method thereof. The mail notification method comprises the following steps of: extracting a mail box address of a received mail; finding out a contact corresponding to the mail box address of the received mail and a specific mail notification sound of the contact from a contact module according to a corresponding relation among the mail box address, the contact and the specific mail notification sound established in the contact module; and if the contact corresponding to the mail box address of the received mail and the specific mail notification sound of the contact can be found, playing the specific mail notification sound. By the wireless communication equipment and the mail notification method thereof, a user can set different mail notification sounds to distinguish senders of mails so as to conveniently process the mails according to the senders; particularly, when receiving spam, the user can know a mail is spam without entering a mail box; therefore, the mail processing efficiency can be improved.


The development of competencies in oral communication is a topic that puzzles both early childhood educators and primary school teachers, since we cannot consider a child as proficient in this domain because he/she can talk. It demands the use of certain strategies, and will benefit from projects making the teaching/learning of the mother tongue interact with other content areas. In this text, we propose an analysis of some projects developed in Portuguese kindergartens and primary schools within teacher training articulated with a seminar dealing with research on Education we supervised in what concerns the teaching/learning of oral communication. In this study, we used a qualitative methodology based on content analysis of data concerning the activities developed with the children during the didactic intervention in the center of each project. Our main objectives were to identify and describe the perspective of didactic approach of oral communication underlying those projects. The results of this study revealed that using certain didactic strategies to approach oral communication is both recommendable and possible and allowed us to reflect on the way we are training our students in what concerns teaching the mother tongue to develop such competencies in the children.


THE withdrawal treatment for drug addiction presents a variety of problems requiring the application of medical, psychiatric and custodial knowledge. These problems have been most thoroughly studied at the United States Public Health Service Hospital in Lexington, Kentucky, which is devoted exclusively to drug addicts, and, indeed, the greater part of current knowledge of drug addiction, including etiology, treatment and physiologic mechanisms, has come from this hospital. Excellent descriptions of the withdrawal treatment used there have previously been published.1 , 2 However, there are many patients for whom hospitalization at Lexington is impractical or even impossible, and it is believed that such . . .


This paper develops an unfamiliar modelling of printed circuit board (PCB) interconnect behaving as HH-tree. The developed model is based on the tensorial analysis of networks (TAN) formalism. The HH-tree is implemented with the equivalent LC-network based on Hammerstad-Jensen modelling. The unfamiliar TAN methodology is described by starting from the equivalent graph topology. The HH-tree TAN model is established from the branch and mesh spaces implementation of voltage, current and impedance tensorial objects. Then, the HH-tree PCB problem is reformulated with the tensorial electrical system metric. The solution of the metric problem is validated with commercial tool simulation from DC up to 2.5 GHz with a microstrip circuit proof-of-concept. As expected, computed and simulated results are in good agreement.


Background and objectives: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized as the most prevalent age related neurodegenerative disease along with cognitive impairment in elderly people. Most of therapeutic treatments for AD have dedicated to the inhibition of cholinesterase (ChEs) to increase the level of acetylcholine (ACh) in the cholinergic synaptic cleft. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrilcholinesteras (BChE) are two enzymes which hydrolyze choline-based esters leading to the improvement of symptom in patients with AD. In this study, focusing on the efficacy and versatile biological activities of medicinal plants, we investigated the anti-ChE activity of Areca catechu L. used in Iranian traditional medicine for the improvement of AD symptoms. Methods: Anticholinesterase activity of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of the plant was evaluated according to Ellman's method and compared with rivastigmine as the reference drug. Also, kinetic study was performed based on the same method. Results: The best anti-AChE activity was obtained by aqueous extract of A. catechu with IC50 32.00±0.84 µg/mL. However, the hydroalcoholic extract showed anti-AChE activity with IC50 389.89±0.16 µg/mL. It should be noted that the aqueous extract of A. catechu depicted good activity against BChE with IC50 48.81±0.12 µg/mL whereas the hydroalcoholic extract showed no activity. Also, kinetic study of aqueous extract of A. catechu for AChE confirmed a mixed type of inhibition. Conclusion: Our results showed that A. catechu possessed satisfactory anti-ChE activity and could be considered for further anti-AD studies to obtain a herbal supplement.


An application of the new optimization algorithm called Static/Dynamic Control (SDC) to design low-thrust escape and capture trajectories is presented.


Epichloë yangzii Li et Wang is a sexually reproducing, systemic fungal endophyte infecting the host grass Roegneria kamoji (Ohwi) Kent et Chen. To examine the effects of stromatal development on the host, R. kamoji plants harboring E. yangzii were collected from Jiangpu, Nanjing. Differences between stromatal plants and non-stromatal plants in terms of tillering and flowering of the plants, diameter and length of the culms, number and length of the leaves, and senescence of both leaves and culms were investigated from 2010 to 2012. Results indicate that stromal development of E. yangzii promoted the flag leaf growth of stromatal culms, enhanced thousand-seed weight of non-stromatal culms, delayed leaf and culm senescence of both stromatal and non-stromatal culms, but decreased tiller number and inhibited the emergence of inflorescence of the stromatal culms. The overgrowth of fungal hyphae blocked the emergence path and resulted in failure of the emergence of inflorescence of stromatal culms. The decrease in tiller number indicates that influences of stroma occur before plant vernalization, although stromata develop at the early stage of emergence of flag leaf sheath or inflorescence. The delay in leaf and culm senescence on the whole plants indicates signals caused by stromatal development, which can also be transferred to the non-stromatal tillers of the same plant. The mechanisms and significance of these influences, which are mediated by stromal development, need to be investigated in future research.


Known to many readers of this journal for his recent Cultures of Masculinity (Routledge, 2006) and Erotics and Politics (1994), Dr. Edwards is a senior lecturer in sociology at the University of Leicester. His interest in consumer culture is reflected in his Contradictions of Consumption (Open University Press, 2000), and he is currently preparing a major book on fashion and the fashion industry. Having lectured and published widely in the areas of sexual politics, masculinities, consumer culture, and social divisions over the past two decades, Tim Edwards is well qualified to offer the Journal of Communication Inquiry a long-term perspective on these years of social and scholarly change; we caught up with him recently via email and obtained the following virtual interview. (If he had not confessed it himself, one would never know that the conversation was punctuated on his end by bouts of cat stroking and computer kicking.)


This paper investigates the possibility of determining damage under fatigue loading in carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) by using mechanical stiffness. Therefore, stress-strain-hysteresis recorded in fatigue tests under sinusoidal loads are used for moduli calculation. Additionally, a new method for stiffness evaluation called cyclic tensile tests is presented. Its results are compared to results from hysteresis analysis and to actual damage mechanisms monitored non-destructively with thermography analysis.


A series of benzonitrile containing sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers were synthesized by direct nucleophilic substitution copolymerization. The 4,4'-biphenol, 2,6-dichlorobenzolnitrile and 3,3'disulfonated 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (SDCDPS) were used to produce novel sulfonated copolymers with various degrees of disulfonation (0-45 mol% SDCDPS), yielding ion exchange capacities (IEC's)up to 2.02 mmol/g. NMR analysis coupled with titration of sulfonated moieties confirmed both chemical structure and copolymer composition. GPC and intrinsic viscosity analyses indicated high molecular weight copolymers were synthesized. The copolymers produced ductile films with thin film conductivities reaching 0.12 S/cm, suggesting they are good candidates for proton exchange membranes in fuel cells. Characterizations such as TGA, water uptake, proton conductivity and morphology will be presented


Objective
To explore the ideal treatment mode of brain metastases by Meta-analysis.

Methods
Articles were searched for from the databases at home and abroad using English and Chinese keywords. Searching time limited from the databases setting up to December 30, 2012. Jadad score was applied to evaluate the qualities of literatures. RevMan5.0 software was applied to perform the Meta-analysis. A totle of 25 articles including 2 750 patients were eligible for the Meta-analysis, which divided into groups with different treatment.

Results
Compared with monotherapy, combined therapy improved 1-year survival (OR=0.58, 95%CI: 0.46~0.71, P<0.000 01). In combined therapy groups, compared with two methods, three kinds of therapies improved 1-year survival (OR=0.63, 95%CI: 0.50~0.80, P=0.000 1). Compared with local therapy only or systemic therapy only, systemic combined local therapy improved 1-year survival (OR=0.68, 95%CI: 0.53~0.86, P=0.001; OR=0.59, 95%CI: 0.41~0.86, P=0.006). In systemic combined local therapy groups, three kinds of treatments improved 1-year survival compared with two methods (OR=0.52, 95%CI: 0.35~0.78, P=0.002). Compared with non-molecular targeted therapy, molecular targeted therapy improved 1-year survival (OR=0.76, 95%CI: 0.67~0.87, P<0.000 1).

Conclusion
The reasonable treatment for patients with brain metastases is combined treatment with operation, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. There is better curative effect added molecular targeted therapy based on original scheme, if patients have targeted therapy indications.

Key words:
Meta-analysis; Antineoplastic protocols; Survival rate; Brain metastases


The material reserve can provide resources and support for handling unexpected natural disasters and public health emergencies. As the demands of material reserve are often changing in emergency events, this paper presents a dynamic planning model, which takes the minimum storage equipment investment, the minimum storage expenditure and material value loss, and the minimum shortage risk cost as multiple objectives in each stage. The weights of objective functions in the integrated model are solved based on the rough set theory.


The determination of U and Th in geological locations is complicated by the scattering of the primary gamma -radiation of the rocks and requires an analysis of the gamma -spectra in a wide energy range. This problem was studied by measuring the spectra of infinite and semi-infinite U and Th strata having identical effective atomic numbers. A mixture of quartz and monazite concentrate with a Th/U ratio = 14 was used for the measurements. The possibility of determining the U and Th individually is dependent on the difference of the U equivalent in the Th at the energy range used. A high count rate is needed to ensure the required precision. For measurements below 1500 kev Pu/sup 239/ may be used as the reference source as it covers the whole hard radiation range. Best results were obtained in the ranges of 400 to 600 and 1100 to 1300 kev. The U equivalents of Th calculated energy ranges less than about 25 kev are practically independent of the dimensions of the Nal(Tl) crystal, the effective atomic number of the medium, and the thickness of the filters usually employed. (TTT)


A suitable distribution of zonal vegetation types could provide a reference for the restoration and reconstruction of regional vegetation and protection of biodiversity. Between 1961 and 2013, we used mutation point detection and the thermal index to study the impacts of climate change on the distribution of the main vegetation types in Northeast China. The land cover data for 2000 and 2013 from NASA LPDAAC (The Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center) EOS were used to verify the simulated distribution regions. The results showed that the temperature mutation point for Daxing′ an Mountains was in 1982, and the mutation points for the other regions were in 1988. The annual precipitation at each eco⁃ geographical region showed no obvious mutation. After 1982, the main vegetation types, which were suitable for growth, showed no obvious changes;however, their distribution regions had been changed. The areas of suitable distribution regions for alpine tundra, subalpine forest, cold⁃temperate coniferous forest, and temperate mixed forest decreased continuously; however, the areas for warm⁃temperate deciduous broad⁃leaved forest and temperate grassland increased. The geographic centers for the suitable distribution of each vegetation type had moved to different degrees before and after the temperature mutation points. Among them, the center of the subalpine forest had moved towards the northeast, and the distance was the longest (135.44km). On the basis of the comparative analysis,we concluded that climate change possibly had an impact on the distribution of vegetation types in Northeast China. htt p:/ /w ww .ec olo gic a.c n http: / / www.ecologica.cn