This chapter zeroes in on the role of the public planner when it comes to closing contractual deals with public and private sector partners in urban projects where neither public nor private sector actors can realize their objectives on their own, hence often a form of cooperation is established through a contractual arrangement. Little is known, however, about how public planners manage the contracting process and how their involvement in contracts may change their role. We argue in this chapter that the role of public planners has become more than just that of 'professional elites' or 'technocrats' in this era of urban contractualism. Even in more established and traditionally strictly coordinated planning systems like the Netherlands, practitioners have dynamic roles, they push boundaries, and they have transformative learning practices based on contracts. We seek to develop a more sophisticated understanding of how public planners' learning reflects to their expert knowledge. The chapter will draw this dynamic picture based on the diversity in shifting positions of contract making, shifting dynamics in contract making, and safeguarding mechanisms.


According to the Bertrand theorem, the Kepler problem and the harmonic oscillator are the only central force dynamical systems that have closed orbits for all bounded motions. In this article, other dynamical systems having such a closed orbit property are found on T*(R3−{0}). Consider a natural dynamical system on T*(R4−{0}) whose Hamiltonian function is composed of kinetic and potential energies, and invariant under a SO(2) action. Then one can reduce the system to a Hamiltonian system on T*(R3−{0}) by the use of the Kustaanheimo–Stiefel transformation. If the original potential on R4−{0} is a central one, Bertrand's method is applicable to the reduced system for determining the potential so that any bounded motions may be periodic. As a result, two types of potential functions will be found; one is linear in the radial variable and the other proportional to the inverse square root of that. The dynamical systems obtained are capable of physical interpretation. In particular, the dynamical system with th...


Oblique perforation of concrete target by a rigid projectile is investigated through a mechanical model, which characterizes the physical phenomena into three general stages, namely initial cratering, tunnelling and shear plugging. It is based on the theory of dynamic cavity expansion and plug formation. Equations for residual velocity and directional change are derived. Predictions on ballistic perforations of thin and thick targets correlate well with experimental data.


Embryo biopsy associated with genotyping allows to obtain genomic informations even before the birth of the animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the post-implantation development of Holstein-Gyr crossbred biopsied embryos to prove the safety of this biotechnology. Therefore, viable oocytes were obtained by Ovum Pick Up (OPU) of Gyr and crossbred ¼Holstein – ¾ Gyr, matured and fertilized with sexed semen (female) of Holstein bull. It was used incubation system of 38.5o C, 5% CO2 in atmospheric and high humidity air, and IVM, IVF and IVC culture media were purchase from Bioklone® (Jaboticabal, Brazil). Approximately 155h after IVF, blastocysts were assessed and placed into individual droplets, and, with the embryo splitting blade (Micromanipulator The Microscope Company®, USA) approximately 20% of the embryo was sectioned, opposite the internal cell mass. After 3-5 h, in medium HSOF (Bioklone®, Jaboticabal, Brazil) at 37°C (hotplate), re-expanded embryos were transferred to recipients with synchronized estrus (n = 247 embryos; Control: 118, Biopsy: 129), of which 64 pregnancies (C: 29, B: 35) have been completed and are described in this study. The pregnancy percentage (30 days), pregnancy loss (30 to 90 days, after 90 days and stillbirths) and males were compared between groups using Fisher's exact test (P = 0.05). The average period of gestation and birth weight were compared by t Test (P = 0.05) in GraphPad INSTAT program. Pregnancy rate was reduced (P = 0.03) in the biopsied embryos (C: 55.1% vs B: 41.1%) at 30 days after transfer. However, higher pregnancy loss between 30-90 days was observed in the control group (B: 0% vs C: 13.8%; P = 0.004). Thus, the percentage of pregnancies at 90 days did not differ (P = 0.37) between groups (C: 47.5%; B: 41.1%). Therefore, it is suggested that the biopsy promotes a selection of embryos with the greatest potential for development, which does not occur in the control group, in which the embryos with low potential implant but have higher death rates up to 90 days. Pregnancy loss in middle and final gestation (C: 3.4%; B: 8.6%, P = 0.62) and at birth and losses at birth (C: 6.9; B: 5.7, P = 1.00) did not differ between groups. The gestation period (C: 280.6 ± 3.83; B: 280.7 ± 25.4 - P = 0.92; Mean days ± SD), birth weight (C: 33.0 ± 4:49 kg; B: 34.46 ± 4.95 kg - P = 0.25), and the percentage of males (C: 8.3%; B: 20% - P = 12.41) did not differ between groups. We conclude that the embryo biopsy technique is safe and does not affect the production rates of the Holsten-Gyr crossbred calves.


Accurate determination of gas concentration in soil air samples implies adequate sampling and storage procedures to preserve sample integrity. In this study, we tested polypropylene syringes and glass vials for handling and storage of N2O air samples. Losses of N2O were large and rapid when a gas standard was stored in polypropylene syringes (16% after 24 h). Moreover, gas adsorption on the inner walls (and rubber gasket) of the syringes reached a maximum of 5.8% of the initial N2O after 7 h of storage. These results indicated that polypropylene syringes are not reliable for storing air samples. Commercially available glass vials maintained a moderately high level of vacuum over time (89% after 136 d). However, their overall performance was decreased by contamination (approx. 3%) occurring at the end of the evacuation procedure when the hole left by the needle of the evacuation line took a few seconds to close up. The addition of a silicone septum was proposed to reduce this contamination. The modified vi...


One kind of skip is whether easy to use,it decided in the very great degree by its strobe structure.Therefore the analysis and the research skip strobe are very essential.The question should give careful consideration in the large scale skip design.According to the present our country coal well vertical shaft universal use skip the strobe,the existence question analysis and the overseas coal mine commonly used several kind of skip discussions,seek one kind of better new structure skip the strobe to meet the need which our country coal mine unceasingly produces.


To compare the cellular changes of harvested arteries which were preserved in normal saline (NS) and the standard and routinely used University of Wisconsin (UW) solution.


. We consider the incentives of a single (cid:133)rm to invest in a cleaner technology under emission quotas and emission taxation. We assume asymmetric information about the (cid:133)rm(cid:146)s cost of employing the new technology. Policy is set either before the (cid:133)rm invests (commitment) or after (time consistency). Contrary to conventional wisdom, we (cid:133)nd that with commitment (time consistency), quotas give higher (lower) investment incentives than taxes. With quotas (taxes), commitment generally leads to higher (lower) welfare than time consistency. Under commitment with quadratic abatement costs and environmental damages, a modi(cid:133)ed Weitzman rule applies and quotas usually lead to higher welfare than taxes. Abstract. We consider the incentives of a single (cid:133)rm to invest in a cleaner technology under quotas and emission taxation. We assume asymmetric information about the (cid:133)rm(cid:146)s cost of employing the new technology. Policy is set either before the (cid:133)rm invests (commit-ment) or after (time consistency). Contrary to conventional wisdom, we (cid:133)nd that with commitment (time consistency), quotas give higher (lower) investment incentives than taxes. With quotas (taxes), commitment generally leads to higher (lower) welfare than time consistency. Under commitment with quadratic abatement costs and environmental damages, a modi(cid:133)ed Weitzman rule applies and quotas usually lead to higher welfare than taxes.


The utility model discloses a magnetizing water drum washer. A magnetized pipe cover is respectively arranged at a pipe section of the lower part of the mattress pipe port of a circulating pipe and / or the pipe section of the upper part of the water level pipe port of a circulating pipe. A shaping chamber type inner chamber pipe perforating a frame is arranged in the frame body of the pipe cover, two permanent magnets are symmetrically inlaid in two sides of the frame body via taking the axis of the chamber pipe as a symmetry axis, and thus the pipe cover with a permanent magnetic field is formed. The pipe section of a water inlet pipe is also provided with a magnetized pipe cover. The pipe cover is provided with an integrative or a separately fastened outer magnetic frame, and a drum washer is modified. The magnetizing water drum washer has the effects of scale deposit removal, sterilization and disinfection via magnetizing washing water.


The U.S. White House has issued a new strategy on HIV/AIDS that, among other things, calls for an end to state laws that make the transmission of HIV a crime.


ABSTRACT With the limited research about youth tourists' pro-environmental behaviors, this study was designed to examine the formation of college youth tourists' eco-friendly purchase and recycling behaviors while traveling to tourist destinations. A quantitative approach with a structural analysis was used. Our results revealed that the proposed theoretical framework satisfactorily accounted for the variance in eco-purchase and recycling behaviors. The hypothesized associations among eco-concern, attitude, social norm, anticipated affects, and sense of obligation were in general supported, and such relationships contributed to triggering pro-environmental behaviors. Findings also indicated the mediating impact of moral obligation, attitude, and negative affect, and identified the salient role of moral obligation in determining eco-purchase and recycling activities. A test of metric invariance further explored the gender difference that exists in the relationships between eco-concern and anticipated affects and between attitude and moral obligation. This research provides meaningful insights into understanding college youth tourists' sustainable tourism behaviors.


The Banganapalle Formation, the lowest member of the Neoproterozoic Kurnool Group of rocks, resting over the basement granites, has been identified as the host rock for uranium in Koppunuru area in the western part of Palnad sub-basin. The uppermost arenite facies of the Banganapalle Formation is exposed on surface and shows only few bedform indicators like ripple marks, planer laminations etc. Down-hole lithological examinations on course of core drilling in Koppunuru and adjoining areas identified five recognizable lithofacies of Banganapalle Formation, viz.  basal conglomerate unit, quartzite-shale intercalated facies, and two quartz arenite facies separated by a grey shale dominated argillaceous facies.
The polymictic conglomerate, with unsorted grit to pebble size clasts of granite, shale, quartzite, vein quartz and dolerite indicate short distance transportation and derivation from nearby granitoids traversed by quartz reef/dolerite dykes. Cyclic repetitions of arenaceous and argillaceous sediments in Banganapalle lithocolumn above the basal conglomerates point to alternate rhythmic marine transgression and regression regimes. These units can also be discriminated based on their sedimentary texture, bedforms and several soft-sedimentary penecontemporaneous deformational structures (PCD) like load structure, convolute bedding/laminations, and slump structures such as micro-slips, gravity faults and folds. These syn-sedimentary structures clearly indicate perturbation and submergence of the basin contemporaneous to deposition. Cross-beds suggests change in current direction/intensity while bi-directional symmetrical ripples in outcrops of upper arenite facies suggests that the Banganapalle sediments are derived from the basement granitoids exposed to the north as well as upper Cuddapah sediments to its west. Overall, the sedimentary structures, textural and composition variation of the lithounits suggest deposition of these sediments in marginal marine, inter- to supra-tidal flat environment. The porous and permeable nature of the quartz arenite and the basal conglomerates and the presence of available reductants in the form of sulphides and carbonaceous matter make them the best suited loci for fluid movement and precipitation of uranium.


Investments in on-line education are increasing significantly in Brazil and throughout the world. This justifies the need for studies that identify pedagogical practices that are coherent with current needs for education and with the principles that articulate the relationship between the use of technology and the concepts of knowledge and of education implied in this process. Reflecting upon this articulation, the present study discusses complex thinking and the epistemological proposals found in quantum and biological theories, which indicate a transformation of the instructional model of learning. It simultaneously proposes elements for rethinking the currently dominant form of education still based on the principles of classical science, which are strongly criticized by various pedagogical tendencies.


This research was conducted to examine the effect of variables Net Profit Margin (NPM), Earning per Share (EPS), Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) of Firm Value (PBV) on the Indonesian automotive allied products companies listed on the Stock Exchange the period 2010-2012. Quantitative data for this study get from Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data were analyzed by linear regression analysis using SPSS version 16.0. Analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis. Hypothesis testing is performed with simultaneous F test and partial t test, with a significance level of 5%.The result of this count, NPM and ROA have positive and significant influence to firm value (PBV), while EPS and ROE variable have negative and significant influence to firm value (PBV) of automotive and allied products companies. Key words: Net Profit Margin (NPM), Earning per Share (EPS), Return on Assets(ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Firm Value


While quality improvement (QI) is an essential component to modern day clinical practice, some foundation doctors fail to engage. This is compounded by a lack of formalised undergraduate QI teaching. We trial an undergraduate active learning workshop and evaluate it using a concurrent triangulation mixed methods design.


In order to select a good hypothesis(or model) from a collection of possible models,one has to assess the generalization performance of the hypothesis which returned by a learner that is bound to use some particular model.Several methods for estimating the generalization error of the hypotheses with least test error in the model are intro-duced in this paper,and the advantages and disadvantages of the error estimators are also analyzed in detail.The experi-mental results show different value obtained from cross-validation,RM-bounds and eα-estimator algorithms.The results also show that different problems can choose variant error estimation functions to predict the optimal parameters in the selected model.


Recently, geothermal heat pumps (GHPs), which are normally known as ground‐source heat pumps (GSHPs), offer many advantages for heating and cooling of commercial buildings due to the higher energy efficiency compared with conventional EHP system. In Korea, a recent requirement for mandatory implementation of the renewable energy systems in public building has been enforced for buildings with floor area exceeding 3000 m2. While GHPs may be more costly to install initially than the regular heat pumps, they can also produce markedly lower energy bills. For this reason, GHPs are scrutinized as the heating and cooling alternatives in the renovation of the campus buildings in Korea. In this study, we investigate the application methods of GHPs for the renovation of the campus building, and compare the energy costs of GHPs with that of conventional system. The objective of this study is to present an operation status of GSHPs in a renovated campus building as an example. In results, when the GHP with water storage has been operated during the whole year, the coefficient of performance (COP) for heating has reached from 3.12 to 5.27 according to the leaving fluid temperature and entering fluid temperature. The COP for cooling has reached from 2.86 to 5.49. In comparison results, the sum of the operating costs of GHP system was about one third of the current heating and cooling systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Intravenous adenosine for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia is reported to cause bronchospasm, dyspnea, and increase in ventilation in man but these effects have not been systematically studied. We therefore compared the effects of 10 mg intravenous adenosine to placebo in 21 normal subjects under normoxic conditions and evaluated the temporal sequence of the effects of adenosine on ventilation, dyspnea and heart rate. The study was repeated in 11 of these subjects during hyperoxia. In all subjects, adenosine resulted in the development of dyspnea, assessed by handgrip dynamometry, without any significant change (p>0.1) in lung resistance as measured by the interrupter technique. There were significant increases (p<0.05) in ventilation and heart rate in response to adenosine. The dyspneic response occurred slightly before the ventilatory or heart rate responses in every subject, but the timing of the dyspneic, ventilatory, and heart rate responses was not significantly different when the group data were analysed (18.9 ± 5.8 s, 20.3 ± 5.5 s, and 19.7 ± 4.5s, respectively). During hyperoxia, adenosine resulted in similar effects, with no significant differences in the magnitude of the ventilatory response; however, compared to the normoxic state, the intensity of the dyspneic response was significantly (p<0.05) reduced, whereas the heart rate response increased significantly (p<0.05). These data indicate that intravenous adenosine-induced dyspnea is not associated with bronchospasm in normal subjects. The time latency of the response indicates that the dyspnea is probably not a consequence of peripheral chemoreceptor or brain stem respiratory center stimulation, suggesting that it is most likely secondary to stimulation of receptors in the lungs, most likely vagal C fibers.


Objective To evaluate the role of vitamin D deficiency induced stay sick newborns changes in concentrations of trace elements in the blood. Methods Using differential potentiometric stripping method was developed for the determination of vitamin D deficiency induced stay ailment neonatal outcomes and health the content of trace elements in the blood. Results Stay ailment group of serum zinc,magnesium,iron,calcium are lower than normal,whole blood lead,serum copper were higher than normal. Conclusion Children with vitamin D deficiency induced stay ailment of neonatal blood trace elements has certain imbalance,and the infection caused by the body damage have a certain relationship,so you need to replenish and regulate trace elements,has important significance for the treatment of diseases and recovery.


Summary Data are reported on the variation of the iodine value of the oil from the seed of eight varieties of cotton grown at 13 locations during three years. Analysis of variance showed the influence of variety and of station-years to be highly significant statistically. Iodine value was found t0 be negatively correlated with the temperatures. The highest correlation was obtained for the period of maturation (35 days before tile bolls open) when the oil is being synthesized. The coefficients for the relations with mean temperatures were higher than those for maximum and minimum temperatures. Simple correlations for the relations between iodine value of the oils from seed of individual varieties and mean temperatures during two periods of boll and seed development were negative and highly significant. For the maturation period (35 days before boll opening) and the combined periods for squaring, fiber elongation, and maturation (73 days before boll opening) the average reductions in iodine value per ~ increase in temperature were found to be 0.760 and 1.172 units, respectively. Of the eight varieties investigated, temperature influenced the iodine value of the oil least for Stoneville 2B and most for Coker Wilds.


Two new compounds with four tertiary arylamine moieties connected in a fully para-conjugated system have been synthesised in order to obtain new molecules having low ionisation potentials, as required for hole transporting materials in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Their electrochemical properties have been measured and compared to seven different commercial triarylamines tested in the same experimental conditions. Using the AM1 geometries and the statistical average of orbital potential method (SAOP), the redox potentials of the molecules have been estimated and found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. An evident correlation between the molecular geometry and the electrochemical potential of the first oxidation exists and shows that, for equal number of para-conjugated triarylamine moieties, the starburst configuration is more efficient than the linear one in lowering the oxidation potential and that the amine moieties of the inner sphere play a more important role than those of the outer sphere. Besides, amine moieties connected by a biphenyl bridge show generally higher ionisation potentials than those connected via one phenylene.


In 1973, fruit bearing of beech forests of the Chugoku district was investi gated in different localities and altitudes. The results of the investigation are summarized as follows: 1) This year the crop was generally abundant, and the fruit bearing was observed on 89 percent of the trees in all localities, and on 95 percent of those at the optimal habitat for beech. The fruit bearing was most abundant in the Daisen area and a little below average in the Hiruzen area. 2) It was recognized that the fruit bearing of beech forests varies with altitudes. In


OBJECTIVE:To introduce the concept of evidence-based medicine and pharmacoeconomics to the pharmacists so as to promote rational use of drugs.METHODS:The evidence-based medicine was described in detail concerning the fundaˉmental,procedure,actions,limitations and directive function to hospital,and in comparison with the advanced level of pharmaˉcoeconomics in foreign countries,the pharmacoeconomics in China was analyzed in respect of the developing history,research scope,personnel training,monograph and periodicals and the quantity and quality of research work.RESULTSCONCLUˉSION:The evidence-based medicine and pharmacoeconomics are still in starting period in China,however,after entering WTO,they have proved to be important day by day and will greatly improve the level of rational use of drugs in our country.


5G is destined to be supporting large deployment of Industrial IoT (IIoT) with the characteristics of ultra-high densification and low latency. 5G utilizes a more intelligent architecture, with Radio Access Networks (RANs) no longer constrained by base station proximity or proprietary infrastructure. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) covers telecommunication technologies including RAN, core transport networks and service capabilities. Open RAN Alliance (O-RAN) aims to define implementation and deployment architectures, focusing on open-source interfaces and functional units to further reduce the cost and complexity. O-RAN based 5G networks could use components from different hardware and software vendors, promoting vendor diversity, interchangeability and 5G supply chain resiliency. Both 3GPP and O-RAN 5G have to manage the security and privacy challenges that arose from the deployment. Many existing research studies have addressed the threats and vulnerabilities within each system. 5G also has the overwhelming challenges in compliance with privacy regulations and requirements which mandate the user identifiable information need to be protected. In this paper, we look into the 3GPP and O-RAN 5G security and privacy designs and the identified threats and vulnerabilities. We also discuss how to extend the Zero Trust Model to provide advanced protection over 5G air interfaces and network components.


From financial breakdown in Portugal to the UK's so-called bedroom tax, the harsh effects of austerity measures are hitting people in ways unseen in decades. Many are focused on the most imminent challenges to their well-being--increased costs of living and job security, for example. But new insights into how genes linked with disease are triggered in times of stress suggest that we should be paying just as much attention to the long-term effects of austerity on health. The more immediate health impacts of economic cuts were documented in The Lancet, revealing that suicides in Europe have soared since the financial crash in 2008, with 1000 extra deaths in England alone by 2010. Hre, Coghlan discusses the stress of recession that may trigger gene changes that threaten the health of generations


Clinically overt hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common cause of sudden unexpected death in childhood and has significantly higher sudden death mortality in the 8‐ to 16‐year age range than in the 17‐ to 30‐year age range. A combination of electrocardiographic risk factors (a limb‐lead ECG voltage sum >10 mV) and/or a septal wall thickness >190% of upper limit of normal for age (z‐score > 3.72) defines a paediatric high‐risk patient with great sensitivity. Syncope, blunted blood pressure response to exercise, non‐sustained ventricular tachycardia and a malignant family history are additional risk factors. Of the medical treatments used, only beta‐blocker therapy with lipophilic beta‐blockers (i.e. propranolol, metoprolol or bisoprolol) have been shown to significantly reduce risk of sudden death, with doses ≥6 mg/kg BW in propranolol equivalents giving around a tenfold reduction in risk. Disopyramide therapy is a very useful adjunct to beta‐blockers to improve prognosis in those patients that have dynamic outflow obstruction in spite of large doses of beta‐blocker, and its use in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is not associated with significant pro‐arrhythmia mortality. Calcium‐channel blockers increase the risk of heart failure‐associated death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients with severe generalized hypertrophy and should be avoided in such patients. Amiodarone does not protect against sudden death, and long‐term use in children usually has to be terminated because of side effects. Therapy with internal cardioverter defibrillator implantation has high paediatric morbidity, 27% incidence of inappropriate shocks, and does not absolutely protect against mortality but is indicated as secondary prevention or in very high‐risk patients.


two separate frequencies. Unless we assume an entirely different arrangement for electrons in these neutral atoms it is difficult to explain in any other way the remarkable similarity between the doublets of these sequences and those of Li, Na, Cu, Ag and Au, from all of which the electrons are removed from the outermost shell in each successive stage of ionization. 1 R. C. Gibbs and H. E. White, these PRoczgDINGs, 12, 448 (1926). 2 A. Fowler: Series in Line Spectra, pp. 105, 108, 132, 137, Fleetway Press, 1922. J. M. Eder and E. Valenta, "Atlas Typischer Spektren;" pp. 92, 94, 96, 98, 107, Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, 1911. 4F. Exner und E. Haschek: Die Specktren der Elemente, Bd. III, pp. 20, 105, 176, 321, 324k Franz Deuticke, Leipzig und Wien, 1912.


Early intervention and preservation of β-cell function are essential for optimal glycemic control in the long term.Available data support the early use of the long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide in preservation of β-cell mass and function,leading to better glycemic control.Besides glycemic control,persistent weight loss and reduced visceral adiposity are observed in type 2 diabetic patients treated with liraglutide,linking to its potential cardio-protective effects.

Key words:
Liraglutide ;  Glucagon-like peptide-1 ;  Diabetes mellitus, type 2 ;  β cell function


The utility model relates to a multi-needle rotary shuttle quilting machine, which belongs to the technical field of quilting machinery, particularly a multi-needle rotary shuttle quilting machine with the functions of high quilting efficiency and high density of stitches. The utility model has the technical scheme that a plurality of bevel gears are fixedly arranged on a transmission shaft on a machine frame, the bevel gears are engaged with bevel gears on a rotating shaft, a rotating shuttle shaft can be rotationally arranged in a small machine box, a standard rotating shuttle is fixedly arranged on the tail end of the rotating shuttle shaft, an inner layer and an outer layer can be correspondingly rotated, the small machine box is fixed on the machine frame and an opening of the rotating shuttle is positioned below a machine needle. Because the horizontal reciprocating movement of a shuttle core is improved into the rotation of the rotating shuttle around a shaft line, quilting speed can be raised, noise can be reduced and environmental pollution can be reduced. Additionally, smaller quilting needles can be selected to be used, the effect of machine embroidery can be quilted and wider markets can be exploited for products of quilting.


Background. Postoperative mortality is death by any cause that occurred within
30 days postoperatively. Emergency operating procedures are generally associated
with high morbidity and mortality with incidence that varies on each centers. The
cause of high mortality risk is influenced by many factors and can not be fully
explained.
Purpose. This study aimed to determine the incidence of postoperative mortality
of patients whose acute abdominal emergency surgery, to determine what the risk
factors that cause mortality as well as to determine the relationship of these
factors to the high risk of postoperative mortality.
Method. Case - control study on 370 patients of acute abdominal emergency
surgery. Acute appendicitis is the largest case emergency surgery is done 192
patients (59.89%), followed by bowel obstruction 73 patients (19.72%),
perforation of hollow viscus organ 58 patients (15.67%), incarcerated hernia 33
patients (8.91% ) and other 14 patients (3.78%). Risk factors (gender, age, onset,
malignancy, sepsis, comorbidities, ASA score, number of leucocytes, albumin,
urea levels, creatinine levels, blood sugar level, and duration of operation)
affecting the mortality was analyzed by bivariate analysis using test Chi-square
and logistic regression and multivariate analysis using multilevel logistic
regression .
Results. Of the 370 patients who underwent emergency surgery mortality
obtained by 45 patients (12.16%). The highest frequency of mortality was found
in the case of a perforation of hollow viscus as many as 22 cases (48.89%)
followed by bowel obstruction 14 cases (31.11%), incarcerated hernia (6.67%)
and other causes (13.33%). Gastric perforation suturing procedure is a procedure
that is experiencing the highest mortality of as many as 14 cases (31.11%) and
followed by intestinal anastomosis 13 cases (28.89%), enterostomy (20%), hernia
repair (6.67%) and other other (13.33%). With the chi square test and logistic
regression showed that the risk factors affecting mortality were age, malignancy,
sepsis, ASA scores, number of leukocytes, levels of urea, creatinine levels and
duration of operation . With multilevel logistic regression, it was found that the
most influential factor is significant malignancy (p = 0.02) and sepsis (p = 0.01) .
Conclusion. Postoperative mortality in acute abdominal emergency is at 12.16%.
Risk factors for mortality were age, malignancy, sepsis, ASA scores, number of
leukocytes, levels of urea, creatinine levels and duration of operation. Malignancy
and sepsis are risk factors that most influence the occurrence of mortality.


When the temperature of supercritical thermal power unit is overheated, it is easy to cause power station failure, and even fire in serious cases, resulting in great potential safety hazards. Based on this, it is necessary to optimize the problem of poor real-time monitoring of thermal power unit temperature overheating. This paper proposes a real-time monitoring method for the temperature and overheating of supercritical thermal power units. Aiming at the problem of overheating of supercritical thermal power units, this paper optimizes the online temperature monitoring system, the online stator winding end vibration monitoring system and the online generator gas analysis and monitoring structure installed in the steam turbine generator unit of the power station. Based on the above optimization, the time and temperature tracking detection algorithm for thermal power units is improved. Through system application analysis, different online monitoring methods are compared, and different online monitoring methods can be flexibly selected to ensure the safe operation of the unit. The experiments show that the real-time monitoring method of temperature overheating of supercritical thermal power generation unit has high practicability in the process of practical application, can better carry out high temperature early warning and solve the problem of poor monitoring effect.


Objective: To determine the clinical value of combined detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in peripheral blood of patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Method: 41 patients with breast cancer admitted to the First Central Hospital of Baoding from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected and recruited into the experimental group, 42 patients with benign breast cancer admitted during the same period were recruited into the conditional control group, and 41 healthy patients admitted during the same period were recruited into the blank control group. The positive rate of peripheral blood CTCs, the level of cfDNA, and the diagnostic efficacy of peripheral blood CTCs, cfDNA alone and the combination thereof for breast cancer were analyzed. Result: The positive rates of peripheral blood CTCs in the experimental group, the conditional control group, and the blank control group were 43.90%, 11.90%, and 9.74%, respectively, and there was significant difference among the groups. The levels of cfDNA in peripheral blood of the experimental group, the conditional control group, and the blank control group were 0.26 ± 0.08 bp, 0.17 ± 0.03 bp, and 0.15 ± 0.04 bp, respectively, which were statistically significant. The detection levels of 100 bp hTERT/ng·ml-1 and 241 bp hTERT/ng·ml-1 in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the conditional control group and the blank control group. The accuracy of peripheral blood CTCs detection in the three groups was 66.21%, the accuracy of cfDA241 bp / 100 bp hTERT detection was 80.41%, and the accuracy of combined detection of peripheral blood CTCs and cfDNA was 94.03%. Conclusion: The clinical application of peripheral blood CTCs combined with cfDNA level detection can increase detection accuracy, provide data support for clinicians, and improve the clinical diagnostic effect of triple-negative breast cancer.


For the past two and a half decades, anomalous heating of trapped ions from nearby electrode surfaces has continued to demonstrate unexpected results. Caused by electric-field noise, this heating of the ions' motional modes remains an obstacle for scalable quantum computation with trapped ions. One of the anomalous features of this electric-field noise is the reported nonmonotonic behavior in the heating rate when a trap is incrementally cleaned by ion bombardment. Motivated by this result, the present work reports on a surface analysis of a sample ion-trap electrode treated similarly with incremental doses of Ar+ ion bombardment. Kelvin probe force microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate how the work functions on the electrode surface vary depending on the residual contaminant coverage between each treatment. It is shown that the as-fabricated Au electrode is covered with a hydrocarbon film that is modified after the first treatment, resulting in work functions and core-level binding energies that resemble that of atomic-like carbon on Au. Changes in the spatial distribution of work functions with each treatment, combined with a suggested phenomenological coverage and surface-potential roughness dependence to the heating, appear to be related to the nonmonotonic behavior previously reported.


The present invention relates to a hydraulic control valve, comprising a support in the sleeve (6) to the spool (7) slidable in the axial direction, is arranged to generate a drive spool to the one axial end side the electromagnetic force of the solenoid actuator (8), and is configured to bias the spool to bias the other axial end portion side. The sleeve is provided with an input chamber (11) and an output chamber (12), the hydraulic pressure to the input port of the input chamber is open, the hydraulic pressure output port is open to the outlet chamber. The spool includes a stepped portion (. 7A), the step portion is exposed to the outlet chamber, so as to be biased to one axial end side by using the output hydraulic pressure chamber, and when the stepped portion by using a pressure output chamber while it is biased to said one axial end side of the spool is movable to the one axial end side.


[Objective]To set up a rapid identification method for Staphylococcus aureus and its enterotoxin.[Methods]VITEK32 microbiology analysis system and miniVIDAS system was used to indentify 1 strain bacteria from babyhood's milk powder.[Results]This strain was identified as Staphylococcus aureus,producing enterotoxin.[Conclusion]Staphylococcus aureus and its enterotoxin can be quickly indentified by the association sysytem.


Buckingham π theorem was applied to model polypyrrole synthesis done by inverse emulsion polymerization route using Methanesulfonic acid as a dopant and potassium persulfate as an oxidant. A list of independent parameters on which polymerization depends was selected and by means of Buckingham theorem a functional relation between three dimensionless quantities; percent yield, conductivity and temperature was obtained. The actual form of the function was determined on the basis of experimental analysis and linear regression analysis. The accuracy of the proposed application was scrutinized by synthesizing pristine polypyrrole salt by the said polymerization route. It was corroborated from the experiment that the increase in percent yield and conductivity was directly proportional to the increase in oxidant concentration. Conductivity as high as 3.77 S/cm was obtained with a maximum percent yield of 94.54% at a moderate temperature range (293 K-298 K).


The invention relates to a Chinese medicinal composition for treating scapulohumeral periarthritis. The Chinese medicinal composition comprises the following components: Chinese tinospora stem, schizophragma root bark, common paulswort herb, entadae stem, scandent schefflera stem and leaf, Chinese taxillus twig, incised notopterygium rhizome, pubescent angelica root, largeleaf gentian root, kadsura pepper stem, obscured homalomenarhizome, clematis root, Japanese greenbrier root, himalayan teasel root, Chinese starjasmine stem, wooly datchmanspipe herb, fangji and mulberry twig which serve as main medicines and ephedra, notoginseng root, cassia twig, Chinese angelica, white paeony root, astragalus, szechuan lovage rhizome, costustoot, common monkshood mother root, scorpion, manchurian wildginger, frankincense and liquoric root which serve as assistant medicines. The Chinese medicinal composition is prepared into powder to be taken by boiling water, and also can be prepared into any common preparation for oral administration. The Chinese medicinal composition is easy to store and carry, has a good curative effect on peripheral joint inflammation such as scapulohumeral periarthritis and the like, also has a good health-care effect, and achieves the effects of addressing both root causes and symptoms and consolidating constitution to reinvigorate, so that the problems of large harm to human bodies, poor treatment effect and the like in the conventional medicine and method for treating peripheral joint inflammation such as scapulohumeral periarthritis and the like.


Introduction. In contrast to coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure and a number of other diseases, in arterial and pulmonary hypertension, the deterioration of the functional state of the patient is often not accompanied by a decrease in the parameters of his sinus rhythm variability (SRV) for long periods of time. Moreover, an increase in age and an increase in blood pressure in patients with hypertension may lead not to a decrease, but to an increase in the parameters of daily SRV. It is noted that with hypertension on the sinus rhythm, the number of so-called double fractures of the rhythmogram (DFR) sequences of RR intervals short-long-short-long becomes greater, which can greatly affect the daily SRV.
Aim. To study the specifics of the effect of DFR on daily SRV in arterial and pulmonary hypertension.
Materials and methods. 300 Holter ECG records were analyzed, including 67 records of healthy persons, 20 records of CHD patients with CAG-confirmed vascular damage, 126 records of patients with arterial hypertension and 87 records of patients with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. In the analysis of daily SRV, a modification of the SRV analysis method developed at the National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, taking into account the presence of DFR, was used.
Results. It is shown that DFR reflects the processes of regulation of the sinus rhythm, which are affected differently by CHD and hypertension. In CHD, the frequency of DFR and its effect on the daily SRV significantly decreases (compared to the norm). With hypertension, the frequency of the appearance of DFR increases; there is a clear trend towards a decrease in SRV in comparison with the norm in the areas without DFR; in areas with DFR, this trend is less pronounced or absent, and at ages over 50 years, SRV increases.
Conclusion. When studying the daily SRV of patients with arterial and idiopathic pulmonary hypertension, it is necessary to take into account the effect of DFR on the increase in SRV.


Robin Forman's highly influential 2002 paper titled A User's Guide to Discrete Morse Theory presents an overview of the subject in a very readable manner. As a proof of concept, the author determines the topology (homotopy type) of the abstract simplicial complex of disconnected graphs of order $n$ (which was previously done by Victor Vassiliev using classical topological methods) using discrete Morse theoretic techniques, which are purely combinatorial in nature. The techniques involve the construction (and verification) of a discrete gradient vector field on the complex. However, the verification part relies on a claim that doesn't seem to hold. In this note, we provide a couple of counterexamples against this specific claim and also an alternative proof of the claim that the constructed discrete vector field is indeed a gradient vector field.


Growth rates and amylase production rates were determined for the yeast Saccharomycopsis fibuligera grown on a simulated potato processing waste in a continuous‐stirred‐tank fermentor. S. fibuligera formed large multicellular flocs in the fermentor, and cell growth was reduced at low dilution rates because of mass‐transfer resistance. The average Thiele modulus, which is the measure of extent of substrate diffusion, had a value ranging from ϕav = 2.2 for D = 0.10 to 0.3 for D = 0.40. Growth rates were described by the Monod equation modified to include mass‐transfer effects. This modified Monod equation was used to predict growth rates from measured floc‐size distribution. Experimentally determined growth rates were in close agreement with these predicted values.


Bayesian choice and Framing task experiments were run using a glucose manipulation. Idle time between glucose or placebo drink ingestion was filled with airplane folding on paper designated with one's subject code. The Bayes "B" and Framing "F" resulted in some airplanes having a U.S. military bomber (e.g., B-52) or fighter jet (e.g. F-14) designation. Flight data shows a gender effect whereby females on glucose made airplanes that flew shorter distances and more off-center, perhaps explaining the gender imbalance in paper airplane competitions where sugary beverages abound. Bomber-designated planes flew less accurately, which suggests unconscious effects on airplane production skills. Key Words: Airplanes, glucose, gender, hilarious


We derive an empirical expression, based on the Wemple-DiDomenico refractive index model, useful to calculate the refractive index of III-V semiconductors as a function of the band-gap and photon energies.


It has so happened that within a few years past Professors Zeller and Frey in Europe, and I in the U. S., have at about the same time described a large nunber of American species of Tineina, and as might have been expected under these circumstances, it has occasionally happened that the same species has been twice described under different names.


The North Oman "A" Field is a giant fractured carbonate reservoir, that has been in production for more than 50 years. In recent decades, the predominant production scheme has been via Gas Oil Gravity Drainage (GOGD). In this scheme, hydrocarbon gas is injected into the high permeability fractures to allow for oil production from the low permeability matrix. In this paper we will study the option of replacing the hydrocarbon injection gas by sub-critical CO2 gas. This would have the advantage of storing CO2 in the matrix while making more hydrocarbon gas available for sales.
 For the CO2 injection to be successful, the CO2 that is injected into the high permeability fractures needs to move into the low permeability matrix rock, even though there is no forcing viscous drive mechanism.
 The mechanisms by which the CO2 can go into the matrix are:
 Gas-Oil gravity drainage (CO2 gas in fractures is pulled into matrix to replace produced oil) Gas-Gas gravity drainage (CO2 gas in fracture has higher density than hydrocarbon gas in the matrix) Diffusion (Differences in concentration differences lead to CO2 moving into matrix).
 In this paper we will present both analytical models and numerical modeling that show the relative contribution of each of these mechanisms.
 In term of relative contribution, both analytical and numerical modeling shows that Gas-Gas gravity drainage is the most effective method from transferring denser CO2 gas to the matrix, followed by gas-oil gravity drainage. Diffusion only provides a small contribution.
 In absolute terms, modeling results indicate that significant volumes of CO2 and commercially significant volumes of hydrocarbon gas can be recovered from the reservoir.
 Overall, our assessment is that from a subsurface perspective, switching injection gas in GOGD from hydrocarbon gas to CO2 is attractive from both a commercial and an environmental perspective.
 The novel contribution in this paper is that we present a subsurface analysis of a switch from hydrocarbon gas to CO2 in GOGD developments. This analysis is relevant because it provides a way to store CO2 while also providing extra sales gas.


Industry organizations will play important role in linking business activities and government behaviors.They are also key components in establishment and perfection of socialist market economy system.Under the mar-ket economy,three levels of management are necessary for social economic activities,i.e.government regulation at macro-level,corporation self-control at micro-level and industry organization as meso-coordation and meso-super-vision.This paper discusses the issues and their causes in industry organization development,on the basis of which,the author puts forward eight suggestions for its perfection and improvement of market coordination and supervision mechanism.


This paper presents a framework of objectives and indexes for sponge cities implementation in China. The proposed objectives and indexes aims to reflect whether the city is in accord with the sponge city. Different cities have different objectives and indexes as each city has its own geologic and hydrogeological conditions. Therefore, the main problems (e.g., water security and flood risks) in the central urban area of Changzhou city, China were evaluated scientifically. According to the local conditions, four objectives and eleven indexes have been made as a standard to estimate the sponge city and set a goal for the city development to reach the goal of sustainable urban development. The strategy of process control was implemented to improve the standard of urban drainage and flood control facilities, regulate total runoff and reduce storm peak flow, and the ecological monitoring of the function of the rivers and lakes. The objectives of sponge cities include water security, water quality improvement, healthy water ecosystems, and water utilization efficiency. Urban flood prevention capacity, river and lake water quality compliance, and annual runoff control are the key objectives to encourage the use of non-conventional water resources.


Tariff recommendation is an important marketing means for retailers in electricity market. Based on the power consumption data acquired by the advanced metering infrastructure, tariff recommendation can not only match customers with appropriate tariff but also guide customers to adjust power consumption strategy. In this paper, an adjustment oriented electricity tariff recommendation method based on typical customers is proposed. Fuzzy clustering algorithm is applied to power consumption data of appliances to extract the consumption feature of each kind of appliance. Then the decision tree is constructed, which correlate the class features of appliances with clusters of customers. Pre-pruning decision tree is deployed together with use of depth-first search to exclude meaningless nodes of the decision tree, so that the typical customer set is determined. The tariff recommendation model is constructed aiming at minimum electricity bill, which credits to optimize benchmark strategy of power consumption for typical customers. The model is solved by particle swarm optimization. Simulations show that the proposed method enables customers to understand the adjustment signal revealed by the tariff, and results in electricity bill reduction due to participating in demand response as retailers expected.


The object of the present note is to discuss about the defining condition of weakly cyclic Ricci symmetric manifolds and weakly cyclic $Z$-symmetric manifolds \cite{DMS15} and the existence of such notion by proper examples.


Traditional image rectification mainly aims to minimizing the least-squares distance between the matching points,however,the rectification process may cause great geometric distortion,which not only makes it impossible to offer information for 3-dimensional reconstruction,but also results in extra errors.An improved algorithm was proposed which minimizes the distortion by combining a newly developed projective transform with a properly chosen shearing transform.Firstly,projective transformation was developed to make the polar lines of two images align to the same direction.Secondly,shear transformation was introduced to ensure the image aspect ratio remain constant.Experimental result demonstrated that the proposed method is quite robust and well qualified to the rectification for 3D reconstruction.


Huntite containing l.86Vo SrO has been found in weathered basalt from Geelong, Victoria. X-ray difraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (IR) and scanning electron microscopy indicated that the Sr was not present in a separate phase but was substituted for Ca in the huntite structure. Another huntite from Deer Park, Victoria, also contained similar amounts of SrO. Weight loss and differential thermal curves are presented for the Geelong huntite. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis identified Sr in aragonite from Geelong. This was determined at 1.89% SrO by chemical methods and might have been the source of the Sr in the huntite.


GNSS is a satellite-based radio navigation aid. For using it in civil air navigation area, any GNSS service should meet the requirements of accuracy, integrity, continuity and availability in each flight phase established by ICAO. In this study, a remote integrity monitoring system(RIM3) for GNSS are proposed and explained to utilize it in the design of GNSS augmentation system such as GBAS and GRAS. The RIM5 consists of signal-in-space receiving subsystem and signal processing subsystem Each as receiver is connected to Host PC by the serial to ethernet converting device which is able to convert serial port connection to LAN port connection in order to exchange information via the internet. We can overcome the siting limitation of as receiver and antenna, and reduce signal loses in the cable between as antenna and receiver. This system is providing the development environment for GBAS CAT-I system.


Abstract This article makes the case for reception studies as a useful tool in the visual analysis of fashion photography. While there has been increased attention paid to methodology in the field of Fashion Studies of late, the study of audience reception—that is, the way viewers make sense of images—remains underdeveloped. This article lays down an experimental methodology for reception studies of fashion media, using the focus group format as sociological method and "discursive performativity" as theoretical framework. It presents a critical appraisal of this method, drawing upon the findings of research on the "woman-child" in European fashion magazines, from 1990 to 2015. In so doing, the study engages with debates on the "female gaze," the active audience, polysemy and the "effects" of fashion magazines.


References are often made to the "sector of renewables" when talking about the energy transition. This article focuses on the difficulty of defining this sector, given its heterogeneity, and on its institutional construction around a metaorganization, a trade group of renewables in interaction with public authorities: the Syndicat des Energies Renouvelables. Wittgenstein's concept of language-game is used to analyze this construction. The crisis of photovoltaics in France is reviewed to shed light on the difficulty of steering the energy transition.


Magneto-thermal (M-T) hysteresis is studied in polycrystalline gadolinium (Gd). The change of the sign of the first anisotropy constant leads to easy cones of magnetization below the spin-reorientation temperature (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T_{\mathrm {SR}} = 250$ </tex-math></inline-formula> K). Cooling a polycrystalline Gd sample in a magnetic field through the spin-reorientation temperature creates magnetic structures which persist to temperatures close to the Curie temperature, if these structures are not erased by going to fields larger than the cooling field. An M-T protocol is applied to give some systematics to these complex processes.


The population considered in this study was 245 nelore bulls reared and tested in the new performance test at the Estacao Experimental de Zootecnia de Sertaozinho, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The analyses included the effects of year of test (1979—1981), month of birth (August—October) and sire (20). The growth characteristics were initial weight (PV), initial weight corrected for age (P210), gain on pasture in 14 days (GE14), gain in the adaptation period (GA56), gain in 112 days of test (G112), total gain in feedlot (G168). corrected final weight for age (P392), actual final weight (PPF) Year was a significant source of variation for all the characteristics but P210. The month of birth of the bulls were only significant for PV. GA56, G168 and PPF. Sire effect was a very important factor of variation on 0112, G168, P392 and PPF (P <0.01). Heritabiiity estirnates, obtained by paternal halfsib correlations were: PV = 0.10 ± 0.14; P210 = 0.11 ± 0.14; 0E14 = 001 ± 0.12; GA56 0.14 ± 0.15; 0112 = 0.54 ± 0.24; 0168 — 0.31 ± 0.19; P302 - 0.44 ±0.22 and PPF 0.42 ± 0.22. The results showed that there was considerable variation due to additive gene effects in that nelore population. That variation could be exploited especially after the adaptation period by selecting the best individuals for those characteristics.


In their work on dual port memories S. Cittolin and A. Fucci et al. (1995) describe a design approach for programmable message driven multi port memories (DPMs) with a high throughput (100 MByte/s). The design for nearly sequential requests (typical for some data acquisition systems (DAC)) causes accessing problems for more general applications. Considering hard real time requirements of DAC systems, the paper proposes two hardware implemented (based on FPGA technology) coprocessor architectures for searching in the file descriptor table of the dual port memory and compares them according to implementation costs and performance. Additionally the used searching strategy was implemented on the TI DSP C40 and the performance was compared to the hardware implementation. The examined hardware strategy is independent from the rest of the dual port memory and can therefore also be integrated into other computer systems as a generic searching coprocessor.


7577 Background: Driver mutations occur in genes that encode signalling proteins critical for cellular proliferation and survival. In lung cancer, these mutations include EGFR, KRAS, BRAF and EML4/ALK.

METHODS
We evaluated the feasibility of screening 228 NSCLC patients in Colombia by analyzing tumor tissue by DNA sequencing.

RESULTS
The study included 152 females (67%) and 76 males (33%) with a mean age of 59 (SD ± 13); 63% of the patients had adenocarcinoma, 6% presented non-specific tumors, 1.8% had large cell carcinomas, 2.6% had squamous cell carcinomas. Histological subtype was non-specific in 12.3%. According to tobacco consumption (n=173), 60%, 20% and 3% were non-smokers, ex-smokers or active smokers respectively. 57 patients had activating mutations (25%) in the EGFR, 40 with E19 deletion (70% of mutated subjects) and 17 with the in-frame L858R mutation (30%). Almost all with the E19 deletion were non-smokers (86%), as well as those affected by the E21 mutation (75%). 11% of tumors were positive for K-ras mutations (n=114), one patient (3.8%) was positive for the ALK/ELM4 fusion gene (n=26). BRAF (V600E) mutations were not detected (n=60).

CONCLUSIONS
The frequency of mutations in EGFR in NSCLC patients from Colombia was greater than that reported in other western countries; the distribution favoured the presence of the E19 deletion and the proportion of ALK/ELM4 is in agreement with previous data. To our knowledge, this study represents the first comprehensive analysis of major oncogenic mutations found in a large cohort of lung cancers from Latin America.


Whether or not it was revealed, at Makkah or Madinah, is disputed. Ibn Masud, Ata, Jabir, and Mjahid say that it is a Makki Surah and a statement of Ibn Abbas also supports this view. On the contrary, Qatadah and Muqatil say that it is Madani and another statement of Ibn Abbas also has been cited in support of this view. That it is a Madani Surah is reasoned from a tradition from Hadrat Abu Said Khudri, which Ibn Abi Hatim has related from him. He says: "When the verse Faman ya mal mithqala dharratin khairan yarah, wa man ya mal mithqala dharratin sharran yarah, was revealed, I said: "O Messenger of Allah, shall I really see my deeds? The Holy Messenger replied in the affirmative. I submitted: And every major sin? He replied yes. I said: And the minor sins too? He replied yes. Thereupon I exclaimed that I would then be ruined. The Holy Prophet said: Rejoice, O Abu Sa'id, for each good act will be equal to ten good acts like it." The basis of the argument for this Surah's being Madani is that Hadrat Abu Sa'ld Khudri was an inhabitant of Madinah and reached maturity after the Battle of Uhud. Therefore, if this Surah was revealed in his presence, as is apparent from his statement, it must be a Madani Surah. However, the practice that the Companions and their immediate successors followed in respect of the occasion of the revelation of the verses and Surahs, has already been explained in the Introduction to Surah AdDahr above. Therefore, a Companion's saying that a verse was sent down on this or that particular occasion is no proof that it was sent down on that very occasion. It may well be that after coming of age when Hadrat Abu Sa'id heard this Surah for the first time from the Holy Prophet, terrified by its last portion he might have asked the Holy Prophet the questions which we have cited above, and he might have narrated the incident saying that when this verse was revealed he put this and this question to the Holy Prophet. In the absence of this tradition every reader who reads the Qur'an with understandings will feel that it is a Makki Surah. More than that: from its theme and style he would feel that it must have been sent down in the earliest stage at Makkah when the fundamental principles and beliefs of Islam were being presented before the people in a concise but highly effective way.


The new power station of The Edison Electric Illuminating Company of Boston, now under construction on the Weymouth Fore River is expected to have an ultimate capacity of about 300,000 kw. The present construction covers the installation of two 32,000 kw. generating units with three 1974-h. p. boilers, operating at 375 lb. steam pressure and 700 deg. fahr. In addition, a single boiler to carry steam at pressures up to 1200 lb. is to be installed. This boiler will have about the same heating surface as the normal pressure boilers. The steam generated by it will pass through a pressure reducing turbine developing about 2000 kw., and will be exhausted at 375 lb. pressure. After being reheated to the original temperature of 700 deg. the steam will be piped to the main header and used in the large turbines. If satisfactory results are obtained from the higher-pressure boiler-turbine units more of them will be installed. Three will be required to furnish sufficient steam to operate one of the 32,000-kw. units. The maximum steam temperature was fixed at 700 deg. in consideration of the properties of materials at the higher temperatures. While the theoretical gain from higher pressure increases up to the maximum for which any data are available, the full benefit of the thermodynamic possibilities are not at present obtainable in practise without reheating the steam at some point intermediate between the throttle and the condenser. Without reheating, the most advantageous steam pressure, both practically and economically considered, seems to be about 375 lb. gage. With reheating, it appears that about 1200 lb. is a practicable initial pressure, and that 375 lb. is an entirely satisfactory pressure at which to reheat. Accordingly a combination of these two pressures with intermediate reheating has been adopted; the higher pressure with a view to developing its possibilities, the lower pressure with the feeling that it represents the best practise in the single expansion cycle and that operation solely at that pressure will give highly economical results. The character of the future development of the plant will depend upon the relative performance of the two classes of equipment. Feed water is to be heated by two-stage bleeding of the main units and by economizers. All normally running auxiliary equipment is to be driven by alternating-current motors. Power for driving the essential auxiliaries is to be supplied from a 2300-volt alternator of 2500 kv-a. capacity connected directly to each 30,000-kw. main generator shaft, and thus driven by the main turbine, which will have sufficient capacity for driving both generators at full load. This arrangement is expected to give a combination of greater economy and security than any heretofore used. The switch house will be a separate structure, four stories and basement. The upper floor will carry the switchboard and the switch operating mechanism. The three lower stories will house the bus structures, oil circuit breakers and reactors, each phase being isolated to a single floor. The basement will serve as a cable vault and all incoming and outgoing circuits will pass through it. There will be two main ring busses and a transfer bus. The ring busses will be divided into sections, each section fed by two generators and with current-limiting reactors between sections. All circuits will be connected to the busses through two oil circuit breakers in series. No prediction is made of the expected operating performance of the station, but it is calculated that under ideal conditions, acting solely as a 375-lb. single-expansion nonreheating plant, it could produce a net kw-hr. for 15,100 B. t. u. in the fuel and as a 1200 lb. compound reheating plant, it could produce a net kw-hr. for 13,600 B. t. u. These figures show the advance in heat economy that modern developments in steam engineering have made possible and the advantage which the very high-pressure reheat cycle possesses over the more conventional design. The actual plant performance will depend among other things upon the character of the load which it is found possible to put on Weymouth Station and the relative proportion of high and normal pressure equipment that may be operated.


The idea that maternal caffeine intake could be associated with fetal growth retardation, as suggested by some previous studies, is biologically plausible. Caffeine crosses the placental barrier, increases maternal catecholamine levels, and reduces intervillous placental blood flow. A number of epidemiological studies have reported associations between caffeine intake during pregnancy and an elevated risk of low birth weight and/or small-for-gestational-age birth. The studies were, however, mostly retrospective. The present study from Sweden, where coffee drinking is prevalent, is a prospective, population-based effort designed to relate self-reported caffeine consumption, ascertained by two in-person interviews during pregnancy, to actual birth weight and birth weight standardized for gestational age (birth weight ratio). The study population consisted of 873 women who delivered singleton live-born infants in the years 1996 to 1998. Parturients were interviewed at 6 to 12 and 32 to 34 completed weeks of gestation. Caffeine consumption, either mean daily intake over pregnancy or by trimester, was not associated with any outcome variable. Multivariate analysis, based on mean daily caffeine consumption from conception to 32 to 34 weeks' gestation, failed to demonstrate an association with birth weight, gestational age, or birth weight ratio. The same was the case when caffeine exposure was stratified by trimester of pregnancy. This study found no support for an association between moderate caffeine consumption during pregnancy and limited fetal growth. The authors believe that taking caffeine while pregnant does not present a major public health issue related to compromised fetal growth.


Abstract Disclosure: R.J. Mahatme: None. A.D. Lindsay: None. F.S. Mirza: None. Background: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor used for HIV treatment, which has been documented to reduce bone mineral density through enhanced osteoclastic activity, reduced osteoblastic activity, disrupted calcium absorption and renal phosphate wasting. Prolonged use of TDF increases the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Bisphosphonates (BP) are typically used to prevent osteoporotic fractures by inhibiting bone resorption. However, BP use for more than five years, and concomitant suppression of bone remodeling may be associated with an increased risk of subtrochanteric fractures. We report a case of unusual bilateral subtrochanteric stress fractures of the femur in a patient on long term TDF for HIV, who had taken alendronate for a very short duration. Clinical Case: A 56-year-old woman presented to orthopedics in 2017 with complaint of bilateral leg/hip pain associated with weight bearing. Past medical history was significant for HIV diagnosed in 1995, osteopenia diagnosed in 2015 and fibromyalgia. The patient had been taking TDF as part of HIV therapy since 1995 and had been started on alendronate 15 months prior for osteopenia. X-ray of the hips revealed diffuse osteopenia with areas of possible stress reaction/stress fracture at the proximal third of the right femur and in the subtrochanteric left femur. Nuclear medicine bone scan showed faint foci of increased uptake in the lateral subtrochanteric regions of both proximal femora and midshaft of the right femur suggesting insufficiency fractures. The report noted that these areas were present and unchanged compared to a prior bone scan from 2011. In view of significant discomfort and risk of progression to full fracture, she underwent prophylactic intramedullary nailing of the right femur and was referred to endocrine for bone health evaluation. Endocrine evaluation showed vitamin D insufficiency and suboptimal calcium intake which were both corrected. A call to the pharmacy revealed that she had only filled 3 prescriptions of alendronate even though she was initially prescribed alendronate a year and a half prior to her presentation. Alendronate and TDF were discontinued and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) was added to her HIV regimen due to its less deleterious effects on the skeletal system. Patient did not report significant improvement in her leg pain after the intramedullary nailing and decided to maintain a conservative approach without intervention for the left femur stress fractures. Conclusion: This is an unusual presentation of bilateral stress fractures of the femur likely related to long term TDF therapy in a relatively young postmenopausal female who had taken alendronate for less than a year of cumulative dose. This case highlights the need to use medications that have less harmful effects on the bone in adults with HIV who are also at an increased risk for low bone density and fractures. Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023


As a high school student, being motivated to study hard was a struggle, and I lacked passion for the school subjects. I had ambitions about becoming a doctor, but somehow I lost my direction.


Recent developments in FDI show that more and more emerging economies are involved in exporting foreign capital. Transnational corporations (TNCs) are no longer a unique phenomenon of developed countries. The present paper analyzes the activity of Russian TNCs. While looking at both the inward and outward FDI structure, we try to understand preconditions for the emergence and development of Russian TNCs, their formation process, evolution and motivation. Transnationalization process in Russia explicitly shows the domestic economic and business structure in Russia. Among the specific features of TNCs we identified the following ones: inclination towards natural resources, energy and metallurgy sectors; strong interrelation with the state; path-dependency in formation of TNCs and its impact on motivation for transnationalization (Soviet legacy); specific character of relations with CIS countries. Moreover, we indicated specific features related to the macro-economic structure of the Russian economy, namely the specific route for capital inflow and outflow and its strong relation with foreign liabilities structure, existence of offshore-type TNCs without clear property rights and industrial structure, usage of offshore schemes for tax evasion and as sources for transferring of the governmental aid in conditions of crisis. The paper points out to the necessity of revision of TNCs (MNCs) theory in emerging economies and sheds light on existence of the so-called Russian type emerging TNCs.


The nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reaction of fluoride by hydroxide ion in 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene has been studied in water in oil (W/O) microemulsion media. The microemulsions used were sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT)–heptane–water or benzylhexadecyldimethylammonium chloride (BHDC)–benzene–water. The kinetic profile of the reaction was investigated as a function of variables such as (a) reactant concentrations, (b) surfactant structure and concentration and (c) amount of water dispersed in the microemulsion. The distribution constants (K) of the substrate between the micellar pseudo-phase and organic phase have been determined. They were used to evaluate the intrinsic second-order rate coefficient (kr) of the SNAr reaction in microemulsion solutions. In cationic W/O microemulsions the reaction is catalysed relative to homogeneous solutions, whereas in anionic W/O microemulsions the reaction is inhibited. A mechanism to rationalize the kinetic results is proposed.


LEARNING MODELS THINK TALK WRITE (TTW) AND TWO STAY TWO STRAY (TSTS) IN IMPROVING STUDENT BIOLOGY LEARNING OUTCOMESThis research is a class action research. The purpose of this research is to improve the learning outcomes of biological material, viruses and protists. The study was conducted in September-November 2018 in class X SMAN 1 Caringin 2018/2019 school year with a total of 36 students. The action research process is carried out in two cycles, each cycle consisting of four stages namely planning, implementing, observing / observing and reflecting. The end of each cycle is carried out tests with instruments that have been validated and tested for reliability. This research involves researchers, observers and the object under study. Based on observations before the research was conducted, the value of student learning outcomes in the last 2 years which reached the Minimum Mastery Criteria (KKM) was only 58.53% and 53.66% after classroom action research using the Think Talk Write (TTW) and Two models Stay Two Stray (TSTS), the value of the Biology learning outcomes of students in cycle I was 72.22% and increased to 82.93% in cycle 2. The attitudes learning outcomes after taking action in cycle I attitudes learning outcomes increased by an average of an average of 74.83 with a percentage of 69.44%, in cycle 2 attitudes learning outcomes increased to 77.67 with a percentage of attainment attitudes 78.05%. The results of learning skills in cycle 1 reached 74.92 with a percentage of achieving 80.55% skills, in cycle 2 the results of learning skills increased to 78.02 with a percentage of achievement of 86.11%. Based on the results achieved, this study produces the conclusion that by using Think Talk Write (TTW) and Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) Learning Models can Improve Biological Learning Outcomes of Grade X students of SMAN 1 Caringin.


A sensitive sensor for the detection of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) was fabricated by Fe3O4–Co3O4 bimetallic oxides anchored at a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) film-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The Fe3O4–Co3O4 and rGO showed a synergistic effect towards the electrochemical catalytic oxidation of DA and UA, with the peak currents increased by 271.7% and 590%, respectively, when compared with those on bare GCE. The as-prepared Fe3O4–Co3O4/rGO based sensor supplied with a wide linear range from 5 × 10−7 to 1.55 × 10−3 M and a low detection limit (LOD) of 1.3 × 10−7 M (S/N = 3) for DA detection, and the linear range for UA detection was from 1.5 × 10−6 to 1.6 × 10−3 M and LOD was 1.8 × 10−7 M. In addition to the anti-interference capacity of electroactive molecules like ascorbic acid and 5-hydroxytryptamine, the sensor shows high recoveries for DA and UA detection in human serum samples, indicating that the as-prepared sensor exhibited high detection sensitivity and specificity, considerable stability and reproducibility, and excellent anti-interference capability.


Be more productive and connected with significant cost savings is the Holy Grail for firm's looking for profit maximization. In this paper, we are looking at Unified Communications and Collaboration (UC&C) technology through Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to understand the likelihood of the technology acceptance within organizational culture dimension. We investigated the organizational culture impact on the adoption of the UC&C technology in 25 countries. We found that organizational culture influences adoption of the UC&C technology in organizations and we confirmed UTAUT model as valid one for technology adoption in large organizations.


This paper provides a mapping and a revisited taxinomy of Michel Contini's data on phonological patterns in Sardinaian dialects, according to (post)structuralist criteria. Above all, feature geometry is used as a model or a grid to analyse Sardinian consonants from a diasystemic and typological standpoint. Phonological types are proposed on the basis of this taxinomy. This amounts to revisit data for a Romance area a few decades after data recollection, as Haudricourt and Julliand did on Gallo-Romance in the mid-twentieth century.


Ophthalmology, always a distinct department of medicine, embraced a great mass of clinical facts, as shown in the books of Mackenzie and Desmarres, before the work of Helmholtz, Graefe and Bonders caused its rapid extension in the middle of the nineteenth century. Walton, Lawrence, Bowman, Sichel, Stellwag and other able men had found it an ample field for a life time of study. The routine use of the ophthalmoscope and the test lenses enormously increased the extent and practical importance of this branch of medicine. It inspired able men of the younger generation with an interest that made it their life work. Jaeger, Arlt, Schweigger, Argyll Robertson are only specimen names from those of the host who, fifty years ago, saw in ophthalmic science the highest development of medical science, and in ophthalmic practice the highest, most exact application of medical art. Williams, Agnew, Noyes and Norris brought the inspiration


This work aims to demonstrate that through aesthetic standards it is possible to verify changes associated to petrographic description and technological features, resulted in a conscious and accurate choice of the stone material and its use. With the diversity of lithological offered in trade today, it is possible to verify the lack of professionals prepared to identify the stone most suitable for a particular use. The aesthetic perception must go beyond the momentary beauty, it is needed to understand and predict the aesthetic and mechanical changes and the properties of the material over time and its estimate use. The permanence of the aesthetics and mechanics of the rock becomes dependent on the theoretical development that provides an indication of the rock. The studies conducted in this work, address the principle, the formation of light to the practical implementation of color management and shine, through conceptual analysis of color, human visual system, light sources, color temperature, color models, electromagnetic spectrum, spectrometry, spectroradiometry, device to measure the color, and petrographic analysis of the technological material studied. In order to implement color management, measurement equipment was necessary, reference cards for calibration and Softwaer to read the data captured by the measuring equipment. To implement the system, as experimental phase, it was used samples in a stone material Preto Sao Marcos and the results show that there was a change in the colorimetric index and brightness between the original material and the material exposed to chemical attack, most were not perceived with the naked eye due to mineragilogica composition of the rock.


In the context of learning through educational videos, the material chosen for a given topic must not only be relevant but also engaging to the consumer—ensuring better understanding and retention of content. This paper focuses on the speaking style of instructors, which is an important aspect driving student engagement. We present StyleX, a corpus of 450 1-minute video clips featuring 50 instructors, 10 topics in engineering and various accents of English. With the help of a large student population (304 in total), we study the impact of four speaking-style dimensions (liveliness, clarity, fluency and formality) on engagement and learning. Based on the in-classroom evaluations of 250 clips (> 20 simultaneous evaluators per clip), we find that liveliness and clarity are the most important dimensions (correlation with engagement and learning > 0.8), followed by fluency and formality. Familiarity with topics has a significant effect on the evaluators' ratings, while the instructors' accent and gender do not. StyleX represents the first large-scale effort of its kind in terms of the clip duration used and the number of topics, instructors and evaluators involved. This is also the first study, to our knowledge, on the explicit relationship between speaking style and engagement.


The goal of this paper is to understand the optical phenomena at dielectric levels (contact, local interconnect, via and damascene line levels). The purpose is also to quantify the impact of dielectric and resist thickness variations on the CD range with and without Bottom Anti Reflective Coating (BARC). First we will show how all dielectric levels can be reduced to the stack metal/oxide/BARC/resist, and what are the contributions to resist and dielectric thickness range for each levels. Then a simple model will be developed to understand CD variation in this stack: by extending the Perot-Fabry model to the dielectric levels, developed by Brunner for the gate level, we can obtain a simple relation between the CD variation and all parameters (metal, oxide thickness, resist thickness, BARC absorbency). Experimentally CD variations for damascene line level on 0.18 micrometers technology has been measured depending on oxide thickness and resist thickness and can confirm this model. UV5 resist, AR2 BARC from Shipley and Top ARC from JSR have been used for these experiments.


The volatile oil in the flowers of Elaeagnus lanceolata Warb.apud Diels was extracted by steam distillation with an oil yield of 0.53%and analyzed for chemical composition by GC-MS.Under optimum conditions,31 peaks were separated and 26 of them(83.9%) were identified,mainly including octyl 4-methoxycinnamate,pelargonic acid,linoleic acid,palmitic acid,Germacrene D and hydrocarbons.The volatile oil had potent inhibitory effects on the growth of E.coli, St.aureus B,subtilis and P.aeruginosa.


Stereoselective construction of the 1,3-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane core skeleton of massadine and related dimeric pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids is a synthetic challenge. We describe herein the synthesis of all C13/14 diastereomers of this spiro molecule through controlled oxidation and epimerization of the C13 spirocenter under mild acidic conditions.


We simultaneously assessed effects of a specific I f channel blocker ivabradine on the atrial and ventricular automaticity in anesthetized rabbits. Under isoflurane anesthesia, the atrioventricular node of NZW rabbits (n=3) was ablated by application of radiofrequency energy, and stable idioventricular escaped rhythm was observed. The surface lead II electrocardiogram was measured to monitor changes in the atrial rate (AR) and ventricular rate (VR). The monophasic action potential (MAP) was recorded from the right ventricle to assess the MAP duration (MAP 90 ). Intravenous administrations of ivabradine hardly affected the AR or VR at 0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg. Additional administration of ivabradine at 1.0 mg/kg decreased both AR and VR by 45 and 51 beats/min, respectively. Moreover, the MAP 90 was prolonged with decrease of the VR, and torsade de pointes was induced in one animal. These results suggest that ivabradine affects the ventricular as well as the atrial pacemaker activity with a similar potency.


The world is currently highly dependent upon oil for automotive transport. As a result, large amounts of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are generated in the passenger automotive sector and are having a substantial effect on the environment. Among the various measures from both the automotive technology side and the transport demand side to reduce energy consumption and GHG emissions, improving the fuel consumption (FC, expressed in litres of gasoline per hundred kilometres of travel [L/100 km]) or fuel economy (FE, usually expressed in [km/L] or miles per gallon [mpg]) of passenger vehicles is regarded as the most effective measure. In this regard, many regions and countries around the world have implemented FC/FE or GHG standards (An et al., 2011), and some — for example, the United States, the European Union, and Japan — are tightening their existing standards.


During late summer of 1993 a field study took place in Baytown, Texas, where a comparison was made between the Opsis open-path system and conventional point sampling monitors. Simultaneous measurements of the three criteria pollutants sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone were made during a time period of a month, including data on wind speed, wind direction, and temperature. This study was made in an area with numerous major local sources of pollution. The degree of agreement between the open-path system and the point measurement system depended on the gas being measured. Ozone, which is well mixed, showed very good intercomparison whereas SO2 showed poor intercomparison from time to time. By studying the discrepancies as function of the wind direction, interesting results were obtained.


As the development of e-commerce and the implementation of network accounting, companies have achieved operational and financial integration. More and more enterprises begin to use advanced information technology to re-engineer the organizational structure and change management models. In this environment, corporate accounting system has gradually become an information society. In this paper, from the concepts and the characteristics of accounting information and the necessity of internal control under the condition of a sound accounting information, analyze the problems of accounting information system under the environment of information, and offer the corresponding countermeasures for these specific issues.


This paper deals with the problem of wind turbine tower damping control design and implementation in situations where the support structure parameters vary from their nominal design values. Such situations can, in practice, occur for onshore and especially offshore wind turbines and are attributed to aging, turbine installation, scour or marine sand dunes phenomena and biofouling. Practical experience of wind turbine manufacturing industry has shown that such effects are most easily quantified in terms of the first natural frequency of the turbine support structure. The paper brings forward a study regarding the amount to which nominal tower damping controller performance is affected by changes in the turbine natural frequency. Subsequently, an adaptive tower damping control loop is designed using linear parameter-varying control synthesis; the proposed tower damping controller depends on this varying parameter which is assumed throughout the study to be readily available. An investigation of the fatigue load reduction performance in comparison with the original tower damping control approach is given for a generic three-bladed horizontal-axis wind turbine. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


From the perspective of an external observer, the Polish dispute over the 1997 Constitution concerns the question of compliance with the applicable constitutional norms and more generally, the rule of law. However, looking at this dispute through the prism of axiology, it is possible to put forward the thesis that both sides of the political conflict (the government and its opposition) instrumentalised the 'fight for the constitution', treating it as one of the tools for achieving political goals. Those taking part in it pursued opposing political values, while the constitution itself, the rule of law and the hierarchy of legal acts were treated instrumentally. The aim of the article is to explain the sources of conflicting attitudes towards the 1997 Basic Law. The applied theoretical basis of the article and the reference point for the analysis of the conflict is the circular model of political values.


The pseudo first‐order rate constants for reductive dehalogenation under anoxic conditions have recently been reported for a series of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons. In this paper it is shown that multivariate quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) modelling of these data is possible. Based on a training set of nine compounds and using information from 36 chemical and biological model systems, a QSAR was developed explaining 82% (R2) and predicting 53% (Q2int) of the variation in reductive dehalogenation. The QSAR was calculated using the partial least squares (PLS) method. The derived QSAR was validated using an external validation set of six compounds for which experimentally determined rate constants were available. The external validation showed that the QSAR could predict 62% (Q2ext) of the response variation in the validation set. In addition. the validity of the QSAR was explored using a combination of cross‐validation and permutation. Fifty repetitive randomizations of the real response were made and for each resulting reordered response the full PLS analysis was conducted. This yielded 50 pairs of Q2int and Q2ext which were compared with those values of the 'real' model. Thus it was demonstrated that the QSAR produced Q2 values significantly exceeding those of the random models and consequently the model was concluded to be valid. The interpretation of the QSAR suggested that the mechanism of reductive dehalogenation involves elements of hydrophobicity and electron transfer processes. © 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


People generally agree that there is something valuable about thinking for oneself rather than simply accepting beliefs on authority, but it is not at all obvious why this is valuable. This paper discusses two ancient responses, both inspired by the example of Socrates. Cicero claims that thinking for yourself gives you freedom. Olympiodorus argues that thinking for yourself makes it possible to achieve understanding, and that understanding is valuable because it gives you a certain kind of independence. The paper asks how insights from these thinkers might bear on a question about the role of experts in a democracy. As citizens, we make judgements about many matters that fall within the domain of some expertise. Should thinking for oneself play an important role in such cases, or must the responsible citizen simply defer to expert authority?


Introduction Although HIV has been part of our reality for over 30 years, people living with HIV (PLHIV) still experience restrictions regarding their access to healthcare. This poses a significant ethical problem, especially as it endangers achieving the goal of ending the HIV epidemic worldwide. The aim of this paper is to analyze the rulings of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) regarding cases where PLHIV experienced restrictions on their access to healthcare. Methods We conducted an analysis of the ECtHR database and were able to identify N = 28 cases dealing with restricted access to healthcare for PLHIV. A descriptive and thematic analysis was conducted to identify ways in which access to healthcare for PLHIV was restricted. Results We were able to identify a total of four main categories, with denial of adequate therapeutic support as the main category with N = 22 cases (78.57%). Most of the judgments examined were filed against Russia (N = 12, 42.86%) and Ukraine (N = 9, 32.14%). A large proportion of PLHIV in the cases studied (N = 57, 85.07%) were detainees. Discussion The analysis shows a clear condemnation of limited access to healthcare for PLHIV by the ECtHR. Ethical implications of the analyzed cases are discussed in detail.


Frequency is one of the most important parameters in electric power systems, unit with primary frequency regulation become the key factors of the Frequency stability. The paper consideration to the frequency characteristics of the load, the characteristics of primary frequency regulation capacity, generator governor response and distribution of power impacts, set up an interconnection power systems mathematical model that can be used to analyze different types of generator participate primary frequency regulation. Units with different types of energy power systems using continuous-time system transfer function model to research the frequency response of the load disturbance dynamic process and characteristics.


This guide deals with commercial negotiations, recognizes the importance of a "total" approach to an area so crucial to business success, it discusses not only face-to-face techniques but deals informatively and in depth with the vital preliminary stages of preparation, planning, objective setting and strategy development. In addition, it describes the importance, and methods, of countering techniques. Emphasizing that negotiating is a skill which can be learned, the author illustrates how the negotiator and his company can get the best out of negotiating.


This article investigates the determinants of impaired loans in the Ukrainian banking sector using bank balance sheet data at the micro level. The case of Ukraine is exceptionally interesting because the particularly severe contagion from the global financial crisis turned into a prolonged economic crisis resulting in large loan loss provisions. It seems, however, that both macroeconomic and bank-specific variables have an effect on loan quality as the banks have not been uniformly affected by the crisis. It seems that banks that do not specialise in loans were particularly affected with deteriorating asset quality. The authors' estimation results are based on dynamic panel regression methods on a unique dataset of Ukrainian banks with quarterly frequency from 2005 to 2013 to avoid problems associated with using samples from the BankScope database.


In this paper we present a queuing model to investigate the effect of time-based system rejuvenation on service availability. The model is formulated as a stochastic colored Petri net, which allows us to use realistic distributions such as the lognormal distribution. We define a metric for service availability and derive how it can be estimated from the model. Experiments show that the optimal rejuvenation interval as well as the achievable service availability improvement depend significantly on system utilization.


Program theory, that is, the specific idea about how a program causes the intended or observed outcomes, should be the central aspect of any realist evaluation or synthesis. The methods used for explicating or building initial rough program theories (IRPTs) in realist research are varied and arguably often underreported. In addition, preexisting psychological and sociological theories, at a higher level of abstraction, could be used to a greater extent to inform their development. This article illustrates a method for building IRPTs for use in realist research evaluation and synthesis. This illustration involves showing how the IRPTs were developed in a realist evaluation concerning sexual health services for young people. In this evaluation, a broad framework of abstract theories was constructed early in the process to support IRPT building and frame more specific program theories as they were developed. These abstract theories were selected to support theorizing at macro-, meso-, and microlevels of social structure. This article discusses the benefits of using this method to build initial theories for particular types of interventions that are large, complex, and messy. It also addresses challenges relating to the selection of suitable theories.