This chapter presents the application of fractional differential operator in modelling and control of a three-tank interacting level process. In cases where the usage of sensors for the measurement of primary variable, which is the level of third tank in present case, is physically or economically not feasible, the measurement of secondary variable (i.e., second tank level) is used to determine the level of third tank for control purpose, known as inferential control scheme. The process is modeled and linearized around the operating points, resulting in third order plant, which is approximated to lower order integer and non-integer model. Both conventional integer order PI (IO-PI) & PID (IO-PID) and fractional order PI (FO-PI) & (FO-PID) controllers are implemented for this inferential control. Extensive simulation studies performed using MATLAB validate the supremacy of non-integer order model and controller over integer order model and controller. Genetic algorithm (GA) is being applied for both, firstly for reduced order model approximation and secondly for controller tuning.


Based on the analysis of a great deal of problems in the public participation during urban renewal, and the enlightenment from the public participation in American planning, the multi-cooperative mechanism of public participation on the community is raised which not only concerns our own special conditions but also learns from successful experience of some western countries. The premise of the innovation is that it will bring out a new institution about public participation planning to guarantee resident's participation right in community. The second innovation will be the way of participation. Every single citizen shall take part in the organization, and then consult all the planning affairs through this organization, instead of consulting individually. Third, the Non-Government Organizations must be established.


The soil spatial heterogeneity was studied by integrating geostatistical analysis and GIS techniques based on Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen) egg pods distribution pattern in coastal locust areas. Data of egg pods and soil properties, including soil water content at 5 cm, salinity, organic matter and pH, were collected from both spatial scales over two years (2002 and 2003) of extensive surveys: 450m intervals throughout the study area, then 50m grids for possible egg-laying areas which were located at the areas damaged by the locust plague or covered with sparse vegetation. Results showed that: 1) the spatial distribution of locust egg pods, mainly located at middle- and east areas, was patchy and aggregated. Egg pods in the field showed high heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation was at a distance of about 390 m. 2) Spatial heterogeneity of autocorrelation in total spatial heterogeneity in soil water content at 5 cm, salinity, organic matter and pH were 76.15%, 78.04%, 57.19% and 61.85% respectively, and the scales of spatial heterogeneity were 621 m, 594 m, 1014 m and 1368 m respectively. 3) Locust egg pods were mainly located at middle-and east areas where soil salinity was lower(1.9%) and soil water content was moderate at 5 cm (10.1%-29.9%) for locust oviposition. Whereas no egg pods were found at west and north areas because of high soil water content at 5 cm (30%) and salinity(3%). In a way, the spatial distribution pattern of locust egg pods mainly depended on the soil heterogeneity at the study area. 4) Spatial pattern maps of egg pods and soil properties, drived by block kriging, may provide useful information on sampling in the field, forecasting and monitoring locust plague and reclaiming the environment of locust areas.


Application of conventional operations research methods to dredging management practices are presented. These include optimizing advance maintenance dredging procedures, optimizing the allocation of the federal dredging fleet, identifying variables to which dredging costs are most sensitive, and identifying efficient dredging equipment and practices


This study aimed to analyze coral reef condition and reef fish at Biloro Village, South Buru District. Line transect intercept was used to analyze the life form of coral reef. Reef fish observation was carried out underwater visual fish cencus. Coral reef condition was assessed the ecological indexes vis. diversity, dominance, and evenness. Marine quality parameter measured namely dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, salinity, and transparency. The result shows the total number of life coral species richness was 160, with 46 genera, from 16 families. The average coral reef condition was considered good with the percentage of hard coral coverage of 51.78%. The coral reef diversity index range from 2.89-3.03, the evenness index range between 0.88-0.94, and dominance index lies between 0.06-0.8. The total number of reef fish species was 95 with 50 genera, and 19 families with total number of individual amounted to 7,143. There are 11 species of indicator fish, 56 species of major fish, and 28 species of target fish.


Army Chief of Staff Eric Shinseki testified to the Senate Armed Services Committee before Operation Iraqi Freedom that several hundred thousand American Army soldiers were needed to occupy Iraq following a successful completion of the war. In hindsight, after many postwar problems occurred during Army and Marine efforts to stabilize Iraq, General Shinseki's action has been almost universally praised as prescient and courageous. This article counters that, from a civil-military relations perspective, Shinseki's testimony was neither sufficiently accurate nor sufficiently respectful of civilian control to serve as a healthy model for future officers. The U.S. civil-military relationship framed by the 1986 Goldwater-Nichols Act, which preserved the power of individual service chiefs to provide independent testimony, is better served when high-ranking officers adopt a notion of courage in light of military authority delegated to regional combatant commands and in consideration of the political vulnerabilities of their civilian masters.


Aim: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an important disease worldwide and its incidence is rising with increasing maternal age and obesity. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of GDM in accordance with International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria by obtaining data from a single center in Kayseri. Methods: All pregnant women between the ages of 18 and 45 who were referred to the clinic for routine pregnancy follow-up visits between January 2018-2019 at Kayseri City Hospital's Gynecology and Obstetrics Department were included in this study. Their records were obtained from the hospital registry and retrospectively examined. A single stage 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed to all patients and IADPSG criteria were used for diagnosis.  Results: 2652 pregnant women were included in this study and screened for GDM with a single-step 75-g OGTT. The mean age of all pregnant women was 26.42 (22-31) years. The mean gravid, parity and gestational weeks at the time of testing were 3 (range 1-5), 3 (range 1-4), 26 (range 24-28), respectively. The prevalence of GDM, detected in 424 of 2652 patients, was 16% (424/2652). Conclusion: The prevalence of GDM among pregnant women who were referred to our clinic for routine pregnancy follow-up was 16% according to the IADPSG criteria, as determined with a single-step 75-g OGTT.


After enduring decades of exploitation, associated with marine‐mammal persecution during the nineteenth century in the Southern Hemisphere, many albatross populations recovered. Albatross hunting ended by the mid 1900s as nations set aside breeding islands as parks and preserves. However, researchers began to note declines in the 1960s and traced them to deaths at sea due to industrial fishing. In this article I note the historic use of albatrosses and tracks efforts to establish international accords among states that will guide efforts to save what has become one of the most threatened bird groups in the world.


Review(s) of: The reconstructed past: Reconstructions in the public interpretation of archaeology and history, Edited by John H. Jameson Jr. Walnut Creek, CA, Altamira, 2003, ISBN 0-7591-0375-5.


The objective NCHRP Project 22-7 is to update the recommended procedures for the safety performance evaluation of both temporary and permanent highway safety features in such a manner as to reflect advances in technology and accommdate current and anticipated roadway and vehicle characteristics. Key topics to be addressed will include the text matrix, data acquisition systems, data evaluation procedures, performance criteria, test condition tolerances, the use of surrogate test vehicles, computer simulation programs and other alternative procedures, and in-service evaluation procedures. An overview and status report of the project will be presented, with a view toward areas of potential harmonization with the European community.


A new method of energy distribution estimation in the joint time-frequency domain using the Channelized Instantaneous Frequency (CIF) and Local Group Delay (LGD) is proposed. The signal energy distribution is estimated by discarding and displacement of energy parts. The signal energy leads to high concentrated distribution in the time-frequency domain due to the relocation of the CIF and LGD values. In addition to this, a channelized instantaneous bandwidth and local group duration are used to remove undesired energy part. The channelized instantaneous bandwidth and local group duration express a local stretching of the signal in frequency and time respectively. This method is being used for speech signal analysis.


Platelets are blood components with high biomedical potential due to their physiological role in wound healing and their rich growth factor content. This paper describes proof-of-concept experiments aimed to produce a new blood-derived product by applying pulsed electric fields (PEF) to platelet concentrates (PC) with no therapeutic value for transfusion medicine. A human platelet concentrate suspension was subjected to a PEF treatment of 1 pulse, 5[Formula: see text]kV/cm, for 2[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]s. Release of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) from the electroporated platelets was measured by ELISA. Furthermore, the biological activity of the obtained blood-derived product was characterized. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) were cultured in the presence of the proteins released from the platelets after PEF application and evaluated for their expansion potential. Results show that platelet concentrates subjected to a single PEF treatment can release PDGF to the supernatant. Protein release from the single and transient PEF cycle was confirmed by the expansion of hMSC cultured with a medium supplemented with the platelet releasate obtained from electroporated platelets. These results demonstrate the potential of a new application of PEF for the valorization of PC into a biomedical product with therapeutic value.


This paper is a position statement of the co-chairs for the First Workshop on Multimedia Service Composition on specific challenges in the area of multimedia service composition. The goal is to present and discuss problems that occur when considering building large scale multimedia systems via service composition. Today the realization of multimedia systems still heavily relies on building monolithic systems. Hence, building complex large scale multimedia systems is always a difficult, costly, time-consuming and challenging problem. Service-based architectures and the possibility to flexibly compose basic services to implement more complex workflows (or rather execution flows), as proposed in the Web and Grid communities, can provide a possible solution to this problem. However, due to the special characteristics of multimedia applications and the rich semantic structure of multimedia data and workflows, Web or Grid-based research results still cannot be readily applied. In this introduction-paper, we summarize challenges that need to be addressed and present a snapshot of the current state of the art towards building large scale multimedia systems.


Abstract : This paper addresses the problem of obtaining for any given probability space (A, B, P) an extension to a probability space (Ao, Bo, Po) such that for any given function f:(O,1)n to (0,1), suitably analytic, and any given finite collection of ordinary events a, b, c,...,m in sample space B, with possible relations among them, there is an event alpha sub f = alpha sub f (a,b,c,...,m) in Bo (not dependent upon P) such that for all possible choices of P and a, b, c,...,m, Po(alpha sub f) = f(P(a), P(b), P(c), ..., P(m)) provided the right-hand side is well-defined relative to f. It is seen that the above procedure generalizes that of the problem of constructing 'conditional event algebras' relative to all conditional probabilities. Applications to problems on data fusion and combination of evidence are also provided.


We explore the idea of automatically crafting a tuning dataset for Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) that makes the hyper-parameters of the SMT system more robust with respect to some specific deficiencies of the parameter tuning algorithms. This is an under-explored research direction, which can allow better parameter tuning. In this paper, we achieve this goal by selecting a subset of the available sentence pairs, which are more suitable for specific combinations of optimizers, objective functions, and evaluation measures. We demonstrate the potential of the idea with the pairwise ranking optimization (PRO) optimizer, which is known to yield too short translations. We show that the learning problem can be alleviated by tuning on a subset of the development set, selected based on sentence length. In particular, using the longest 50% of the tuning sentences, we achieve two-fold tuning speedup, and improvements in BLEU score that rival those of alternatives, which fix BLEU+1's smoothing instead.


C © Congress of Neurological Surgeons 2020. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com R obotic-assisted neurovascular intervention (R-NVI) is a promising innovation that has the potential for improved procedural outcomes and physician health. However, the current state of robot use in R-NVI does raise a number of concerns that should be considered before a full transition to R-NVI. The first point that must be considered with R-NVI was the use of general anesthesia (GA) as opposed to conscious sedation. As is well documented in medical literature, GA provides the interventionalist with more control, but it comes at the cost of potential adverse side effects, both minor and major in some cases. Themore common side effects of GA use include headaches, postoperative vomiting, minor nerve complications, and other small, temporary ailments.1,2 Although not as common, the more serious complications include but not limited to a disturbed immune system, delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction, and malignant hyperthermia.3-5 Additionally, the use of GA not only comes at the risk of adverse effects, but it also comes with a higher price tag. Conscious sedation has generally been found to be a cheaper and effective alternative to GA.6,7 Because the article states that GA was used for the primary purpose of reducing confounding variables, such as patient motion, to obtain the best quality images and videos, future research should focus on procedural outcomes without the use of GA. This will provide more clarity on the necessity of GA use in R-NVI and will be a step toward R-NVI acceptance and implementation. Additionally, the use of R-NVI as a substitute for the traditional method prompts the concern of excessive radiation due to prolonged fluoroscopy time. With the use of R-NVI, the average fluoroscopy time was 22.0 min within a range of 14.7 to 32.3 min. In the traditional angiography procedure, fluoroscopy times are typically much less with an average of 9.8 min within a range of 1.1 to 42.4 min.8 As is well documented in medical literature, excessive fluoroscopy can cause skin burns and even cancer.9,10 However, it should also be noted that there is a decrease in radiation exposure associated with robotic utilization. In multiple studies by Madder et al,11,12 who was the first to explore the feasibility of telestenting (ie, performance of percutaneous coronary intervention using a combination of robotics and telecommunications by an operator in a separate geographic location from the patient), showed that robotic percutaneous coronary intervention with suspended lead was associated with a significant reduction in radiation exposure to the head and chest compared to manual percutaneous coronary intervention done with manual or suspended lead. Lastly, the extra cost of using R-NVI may cause an extra financial burden on the patient or a loss for the hospital. Robots have begun to be used in a multitude of procedures, such as laparoscopic surgeries, hepatobiliary procedures, cholecystectomies, cardiac procedures, and many more.12-15 In all these aforementioned procedures, the use of robots has been found to significantly increase the cost of the procedure, due to both the cost of robot technology and the extended operating room time that is generally observed with the use of robots.13-16 However, it should be noted that the use of robots in these scenarios may have an increased operative cost, but the postoperative costs were decreased due to quicker recovery times and less time spent in the hospital postprocedure.13-16 This vital point does not seem to correlate with R-NVI, however, since the use of robots seems to have no effect on recovery time or hospital length of stay. This will require further investigation. In a direct comparison of robotic-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention and manual percutaneous coronary intervention, there was a significant increase on supply cost due to the utilization of the robot ($4711.10 ± 239.90 vs $3809.40± 166.80).17 Usually, improvement in technology and its implementation in surgical


Compact and robust electrostatic discharging (ESD) protection structures are critical to on-chip ESD protection for ICs. Conventional in-Si ESD protection structures have many disadvantages. A new above-IC graphene NEMS (gNEMS) switch is reported as an ESD protection structure, which features almost zero leakage and robust ESD protection. A systematic characterization of gNEMS ESD structures was conducted by transient transmission line pulse (TLP) testing. The statistical analysis reveals the relationship between ESD discharging behaviors and the influences of gNEMS device dimensions and TLP testing conditions on ESD discharging.


This paper seeks to highlight the experiences of Zimra in using the Intranet as a knowledge sharing tool. A study was conducted to assess the impact of the Intranet in knowledge sharing at the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority (ZIMRA) and the findings were to the effect that usage of the Intranet was low although there was a general view that the Intranet is a valuable asset in knowledge sharing. The low usage was largely due to limited access to PCs and to lack of connectivity. Many challenges were met in the quest to achieve the goal of using an Intranet to improve communication for knowledge sharing. For instance, most people in different offices and departments did not have personal computer technology. In other locations, the network infrastructure is not in place to support a TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)-based application. There however was frequent use of the email facility. A survey was employed using the stratified random sampling method to select respondents. Questionnaires, interviews and observation were used as the data collection instruments. Other challenges were persuading the staff to use the Intranet. Some staff members were found to have little exposure to the Intranet or other information tools. One of the greatest challenges is to persuade the knowledge owners to share their knowledge. In this discussion, I am going to talk to you about Zimbabwe Revenue Authority, herein referred to as Zimra. Zimra is a revenue generation and collection arm of the government of Zimbabwe, a developing country in Southern Africa. Its main functions are to collect revenue, enforce import and export controls and to facilitate international trade. Among the organisation's operations are clearing goods for import and export, collecting customs and excise duties and collection of inland taxes such as Value Added Tax(VAT), Pay As You Earn(PAYE) and others. It has offices scattered throughout the country from ports of entry to inland offices. The intranet was installed to allow employees to share information pertaining to the various activities that the organisation engages in and to lessen the time taken to get information around to all offices.


We investigated the effect of row spacing on the structure and radiation utilization efficiency of summer soybean crops in Northern China during the 2006 and 2007 growing seasons. The experiment consisted of 5 planting patterns resulting in the same plant population density (3.09 × 105 plant/ha), where row spacing was 18, 27, 36, 45 and 54 cm. We observed a significant negative correlation between DM weight and row spacing in both years. Dry matter was mainly allocated to the middle-lower strata of the canopy. The LAI of all treatments decreased with row spacing increments. At podding stage, PAR interceptionratio showed a minimum at 12:00 and decreased with row spacing between 11:00 to 13:00. The RUE of row spacing 18 and 27 cm was significantly higher than those of other treatments. There was a significant positive correlation between seed number and plant growth rate. The yield of row spacing 18 and 27 cm were significantly higher than those of row spacing 45 and 54 cm. The results indicate that summer soybean population of relatively uniform distribution could improve population structure, increases the PAR interception and RUE under rainfed agriculture in Northern China.

 Key words: Glycine max, dry matter, radiation utilization efficiency, growth, development.


I present a new interpretation of Wittgenstein's later philosophy of logic and mathematics. This interpretation, like others, emphasizes Wittgenstein's attempt to reconcile platonistic and constructivistic approaches. But, unlike other interpretations, mine explains that attempt in terms of Wittgenstein's position about the relations between our concepts of necessity and provability. If what I say here is correct, then we can rescue Wittgenstein from the charge of naive relativism. For his relativism extends only to provability, and not to necessity.


Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is one of the most important causes of acute infectious hepatitis. The aim of this study was to determine the genotypes of HAV that have been circulating in Koreans. A total of 76 sera referred to our institute for HAV genotyping from 11 Korean provinces were used for this study. Those samples were diagnosed by positive of IgM anti-HAV. HAV RNA was extracted from 150 μl of serum, and reverse transcription PCR-sequencing was used to detect and characterize HAV RNA. Primer pairs from the VP1/2A region of the HAV were used for amplification and sequencing. HAV RNA was found in 64.5% (n = 49) of the 76 patient sera with acute hepatitis A. Forty-seven strains were genotype ⅢA in a total of 49 isolated strains (95.9%, 47/49); only two strains belonged to genotype ⅠA (4.1%, 2/49). Thirty eight genotype ⅢA isolates were 100% identical to consensus amino acid sequences of the reference strain AJ299467. The amino acid change of L772F was found in two ⅢA strains; other ⅢA isolates showed one amino acid change. Amino acid of genotype ⅠA was compared to reference strain L20541. K801R was found in 1 strain and Q810S in both strains. The amino acid change of K801R was the first report in Koreans. Until recently HAV genotype ⅠA has been reported as a major circulating HAV genotype in Koreans. In the present study, the predominant HAV strain in Koreans seemed to be HAV genotype ⅢA.


The concept of real-time stability control of power system with small disturbance is proposed,i.e.under certain operating mode and fault scenario,when the preventive stability control for small disturbance has failed and low frequency oscillation occurred,the operating mode is adjusted by control measures(generator shut-down,load shedding) to effectively suppress the oscillation.The real-time stability control for small disturbance and the emergency control are compared and it is pointed that,the differences in failure characteristics and event characteristics determine the specificity and feasibility of the real-time stability control for small disturbance.Its core is the online generation of control decision-making.In order to determine the optimal control measures,including control location and amount,the control measure and control effect are quantified based on the modal sensitivity to operating mode and operating parameter.For a large interconnected power system with low-damping modal oscillation,the system damping is online increased by the real-time stability control for small disturbance and the system oscillation mode is suppressed.


The first Augmented Reality Systems (ARS) were usually designed with basis on three main blocks, as is illustrated in Figure 1: Infrastructure Tracker Unit, Processing Unit, and Visual Unit. The Infrastructure Tracker was responsible for collecting data from the real world, sending them to the Processing Unit, which mixed the virtual content with the real content and sent the result to the Video Out module of the Visual Unit. Some designs used a Video In, to acquire required data for the Infrastructure Tracker Unit. The Visual Unit can be classified in two types of system, depending on the followed visualization technology: 1. Video see-through: It uses a Head-Mounted Display (HMD) that employs a video-mixing and displays the merged images on a closed-view HMD. 2. Optical see-through: It uses a HMD that employs optical combiners to merge the images within an open-view HMD Figure 1. Augmented Reality Systems (ARS) standard design. HMDs are currently the dominant display technology in the AR field. [5]. However they lack in several aspects, such as ergonomics, high prices and relatively low mobility due to their ©2012 Kirner et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. sizes and connectivity features. An additional problem involving HMD is the interaction with the real environment, which places virtual interactive zones to the user, making the collision with these zones hard due to the difficulty to interact with multiple points in different depths. Alternative approachs to develop ARS involve the use of monitors and tablets. Monitors are used as an option for indirect view, since the user does not look directly into the mixed world. Tablets are used in direct view, since the user points the camera to the scene and looks directly into the mixed world. Both approaches still have difficulties in getting collision. To make easy the collision actions, we developed series of artifacts, which help the user activity in the active zones, or int the active points by overlapping physical objects with virtual objects. The AR collision is implemented even if the user is not looking directly into the mixed world, but only into the artifact, providing another cognitive possibility as the user can use the tactile to collide. The cognitive function associated to the artifact empowered …


The effect of different aging treatment on the hardening exponent n of 6063 aluminum alloy plate was investigated through tensile tests. The results showed that the hardening exponent of 6063 aluminum alloy fluctuated with aging temperature———went up first and down later when the temperature was rising. But the aging time has little effect on the hardening exponent.


Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a frequently used technique for the separation of polar and non-polar compounds, with a rich literature in this field. The aim of this paper is to show the TLC adsorbent quality of the Nevşehir volcanic tuff from Turkey that is compared with the Mirșid volcanic tuff from Romania. Our experimental investigations have shown that it is possible to achieve TLC plates coated with Nevşehir volcanic tuff, in natural occurrence, excepting grinding and sieving processes, which can be used for the separation of polar compounds, such as amino acids or food dyes. In the present article, modern techniques for characterizing the volcanic tuff powders, namely, X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma—optical emission spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area and porosity measurements, and infrared spectroscopy, were used in addition to the chromatographic testing. TLC plates coated with Nevşehir tuff were prepared and tested at the separation of some amino acids, obtaining good results. Also, the impregnation of Nevşehir tuff with NaOH and NaCl, respectively, allowed the separation of some hydrophilic dyes. The obtained results have contributed to understand the chromatographic properties of the Nevşehir volcanic tuff. The TLC capability of the Nevşehir tuff can enlarge the pallete of inexpensive adsorbents with possible applications in the field of layer chromatographic separations.


Online learning algorithms are needed when the process to be modeled is time varying or when it is impossible to obtain offline data that cover the whole operating region. To minimize the problems of parameter shadowing and interference, sliding-window-based algorithms are used. It is shown that, by using a sliding-window policy that enforces the novelty of the data it stores and by using a procedure to prevent unnecessary parameter updates, the performance achieved is improved over a first-in-first-out (FIFO) policy with fixed interval parameter updates. Important savings in computational effort are also obtained.


Exchange of notes constituting an agreement between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and Bulgaria concerning privileges and immunities for the Bulgarian liaison officers at Europol in The Hague (with attachment). The Hague, 30 June 2004


The utility model discloses an automatic test system for a pre-distortion linear power amplifier system, which comprises a signal source, a power amplifier, a frequency spectrum analyzer, a power meter, a cooling platform, a high-low temperature chamber and a control device. The power amplifier is connected with the signal source, the frequency spectrum analyzer and the power meter are respectively connected with an output end of the power amplifier, the cooling platform is arranged below the power amplifier, the power amplifier and the cooling platform are placed in the high-low temperature chamber, and the control device is respectively connected with output ends of the frequency spectrum analyzer and the power meter and is further respectively connected with the cooling platform and the high-low temperature chamber. The automatic test system for the pre-distortion linear power amplifier system not only can statically and automatically test the performance of the power amplifier, but also can provide various performance parameters and variations of the power amplifier in different environments and at different working temperatures, and provides more accurate data for testing the performance of the pre-distortion power amplifier system. As the automatic test system is provided with automatic test equipment, manual intervention is omitted in the testing process, and the automatic test system is suitable for testing mass production.


This work was developed as a result of petrographic, chemical and litogeochemical analysis of the 1UN30 well, drilled in the Parnaiba Basin. The petrography indicates that the igneous rock has glomeroporphyrytic texture and essential mineralogy of plagioclase and pyroxene with olivine and opaque minerals as accessories. The sandstone is a quartzarenite to subarkose with framework of the quartz, K-feldspar and opaque minerals, and interstices filled by tremolite and clay minerals. The igneous rock, by litogeochemical, is an intraplate tholeiitic basalt. Analysis of MEV pointed the clay minerals as belonging to the illite-smectite group and identified minerals of chlorite group. Through the textures and chemical analysis of the grains, two phases of plagioclase formation are identified. The most calcic phase occurs as corroded and zoned core with thick sieve textured. The other consists at the edges of corroded cores or in isolated crystals, zoned and with fine sieve texture. It concludes that the rock was formed by four evolutionary events: the first phase of crystallization; rapid decompression during rising of the magma chamber; mix with a warmer and rich in calcium magma; and the second phase of crystallization. The interaction with the magma formed tremolite and clay minerals in the sandstone, maintaining the anterior sedimentary aspect, in a process called contact diagenesis.


1. The Identification of the Name D-Tagtug Sumero-Babylonian myths and legends were rich in tales of prehistoric rulers, heroes who became the subjects of epics, poems, and cults. Consecutive and intensive study of Cuneiform inscriptions has revealed a vast structure of ancient Sumerian hero-worship upon which was erected their extensive theological and ethical literature. Of the kings of the first legendary dynasty at Kish; Etana, a one-time shepherd, became the hero of a fine poem, preserved only in Semitic, known as The Legend of Etana, him who essayed to mount to heaven on the wings of an eagle in quest of the "plant of child- bearing". Dumuzi, the hunter, king in a legendary dynasty of Erech, was deified and became the dying god of Sumerian religion. Gilgamish, a king of the same dynasty, became the national hero of Sumer and Akkad, about whom arose endless stories of the chase and the epic of "He that hath seen all things", or the so-called Epic of Gilgamish. Ziudsuddu, last of the ten legendary kings before the flood, became the famous survivor of the Flood in both Sumerian and Accadian poems of the Deluge. About Adapa, a seafaring sage of Eridu, was told one of the versions of the fall of man.


As the color filter array (CFA)2.0, the RGBW CFA pattern, in which each CFA pixel contains only one R, G, B, or W color value, provides more luminance information than the Bayer CFA pattern. Demosaicking RGBW CFA images IRGBW is necessary in order to provide high-quality RGB full-color images as the target images for human perception. In this letter, we propose a three-stage demosaicking method for IRGBW. In the first-stage, a cross shape-based color difference approach is proposed in order to interpolate the missing W color pixels in the W color plane of IRGBW. In the second stage, an iterative error compensation-based demosaicking process is proposed to improve the quality of the demosaiced RGB full-color image. In the third stage, taking the input image IRGBW as the ground truth RGBW CFA image, an IRGBW-based refinement process is proposed to refine the quality of the demosaiced image obtained by the second stage. Based on the testing RGBW images that were collected from the Kodak and IMAX datasets, the comprehensive experimental results illustrated that the proposed three-stage demosaicking method achieves substantial quality and perceptual effect improvement relative to the previous method by Hamilton and Compton and the two state-of-the-art methods, Kwan et al.'s pansharpening-based method, and Kwan and Chou's deep learning-based method.


The ATLAS Distributed Data Management system stores more than 220PB of physics data across more than 130 sites globally. Rucio, the next generation data management system of the ATLAS collaboration, has now been successfully operated for two years. However, with the increasing workload and utilization, more automated and advanced methods of managing the data are needed. In this article we present an extension to the data management system, which is in charge of detecting and foreseeing storage elements reaching and surpassing their capacity limit. The system automatically and dynamically rebalances the data to other storage elements, while respecting and guaranteeing data distribution policies and ensuring the availability of the data. This concept not only lowers the operational burden, as these cumbersome procedures had previously to be done manually, but it also enables the system to use its distributed resources more efficiently, which not only affects the data management system itself, but in consequence also the workload management and production systems. This contribution describes the concept and architecture behind those components and shows the benefits made by the system.


Digital Radio Mondiale(DRM)is a new digital radio broadcasting system for the frequency bands below 30 MHz.It has high resistance to the multipath fading and interference.It adapts to be im- plemented in single frequency network(SFN).In this paper the network planning strategy is put forward based on the analysis of SFN simulation data,The method which realizes SFN time delay correction is al- so specified.


This paper explores the dynamics of openness and enclosure of innovation activities with IT artifacts on the example of co-design platforms. While modern information and communication technologies offer many new possibilities for innovation, they also subject innovation to the underlying technical structures, which can misdirect the activities on the platform. In order to avoid this, we propose an open innovation approach for open innovation solutions. We perform an empirical study on two co-design platforms which become subjects of innovation themselves in an open laboratory in the downtown area of a European city. Visitors to the laboratory are allowed to engage in innovate activities regarding the co-design platforms in whatever way they want. The results show that they do not only address technical improvements of the platforms, but also look into new directions to make the platforms more relevant or to replace them by other ways of innovating in the given contexts.


Aim: This study was a cross-sectional study aimed at determining depression prevalence and comparing levels of perceived social support in resident and refugee students attending secondary and high schools in the Bağcılar county of Istanbul. Materials and Methods: A total of 563 students (277 residents and 286 refugees) who were enrolled in a secondary school, two high schools and a temporary training center were included. The students answered the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Results: When the refugee and resident students were compared in terms of presence of depressive symptoms, 30.4% of the refugees and 17.3% of the residents were found to have depressive symptoms, and the difference between them was significant (p<0.001). When the girls and boys in the refugees group were compared, 38.9% of the boys and 25.3% of the girls had depressive symptoms (p=0.015). No statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of mean MSPSS scores (p=0.073). When the CDI results were compared in terms of school type for the refugee students, 19.5% of those from the public schools and 34.1% of the temporary training center attendees had depressive symptoms, and the difference between them was statistically significant (p=0.019). Discussion and Conclusion: We found that the refugee students had a significantly higher presence of depressive symptoms, compared to the residents. Although no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of MSPSS results, there was significant difference in terms of the mean scores from the MSPSS Family and Friend subscales. These were found higher for the resident students.


This study describes the acquisition of the entire fricative and affricate sound classes by a child with a disordered phonological system and other co-occurring conditions. Pretreatment, the partic...


A mathematical model of phase change thermal storage tank with a solar hot water system was presented in this paper.Inlet and outlet temperature of the tank,phase change material temperature and heat capacity was simulated in this study.The simulation results agreed well with the actual measurement dates,both showed the same variation trends.


Four cases of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome are reported, and these, together with 65 previously published cases are analysed. The condition is less rare in boys than in girls. It generally starts in children between 5 and 8 years of age with motor tics. Explosive utterances occur later and are frequently of an obscene nature. Spontaneous remissions lasting several years may occur, and may be mistakenly attributed to treatment. Improvement following psychotherapy or changes in milieu have been reported. Symptoms were partially controlled by phenothiazines or haloperidol, but other drugs were ineffective. Leucotomy, carbon dioxide inhalations and massed practice were occasionally associated with improvement, while electroplexy and direct suggestion under hypnosis were never effective.

Children who developed the illness frequently held a special position in their families or had parents with "unhealthy" attitudes. They were often neurotic or of high intelligence. The syndrome could be precipitated by physical illness or mental stress. Neurological examination is usually normal. Non-specific electroencephalographic abnormalities are often reported, usually over parieto-temporal or rolandic areas. Patients with this illness rarely had a family history of mental illness, but sometimes had relatives with tics.

The syndrome seldom leads to schizophrenia, and only two patients were reported to have become permanent inmates of an institution because of their illness. There is a dearth of reported autopsy material and the aetiology of the condition is unknown.


In allusion to the problem of UAV formation flight,the UAV control characteristics were studied based on the architecture of Agent.The model of relative motion of formation flight was established in the path coordinate frame,the concept of miss distance which is combined to obtain the control law of the wingman with the Lyapunov stability theorem.At last the performance of the guidance law is simulated using the complete nonlinear six-DOF flight simulation system.The simulation result shows that the control law is formed the prescribed formation.


A common question new breast cancer patients pose when discussing a recommendation for adjuvant chemotherapy is whether they are likely to experience "chemo brain." The physician refrain is that it can happen in some, it is poorly understood, it will usually be self-limited, and there is nothing that can be done to prevent it.

Now, investigators have conducted a multicenter, prospective, longitudinal study …


This paper analyses such problems as the lack of data information,invisible and poor communication channels in the highway emergency dispatching system of Heilongjiang province.Resource date-base can solve these problems.It provides the information support for highway emergency accidents processing.The resource database included five auxiliary databases,information sharing platform and its application subsystems.


R/S non-linear estimate and ARFIMA model are used to study the long memory in Chinese stock returns.The results show: long memory exist on Chinese stock returns only except for a few samples,long memory in Shenzhen stock is more powerful than those in Shanghai stock.


The invention provides a communication method of a centralized meter reading system. The centralized meter reading system comprises a master station, heat meters, valves, temperature control panels, SD (Secure Digital) cards and a centralizer, wherein the centralizer is connected with the master station, the SD cards, the valves and the heat meters respectively; the valves are connected with the temperature control panels; the centralizer is arranged on the top floor of a building; the valves and the heat meters are arranged on pipelines of the building; the temperature control panels are arranged inside user rooms of the building; the temperature control panels are provided with temperature sensors. According to the centralized meter reading system, the centralizer is adopted to communicate with the upper-layer master station, the lower-layer heat meters and the valves respectively, the centralizer is used as middle bridge to execute corresponding tasks according to various instructions issued by the master station, read data of the heat meters, control the valves and set indoor temperature or set the upper and lower limit of the indoor temperature through communication of the valves with the temperature control panels, the whole communication method is stable and high in real-time property, due to adoption of the master station, various data collected by the centralizer can be conveniently acquired, the centralizer is also beneficial to control of the lower-layer components, and thus the stability and the homogeneous service are improved.


Many of the concerns for intellectual development in the literature on the gifted reflect the ideas of Piaget, (1953). Repeated references may be found to processes of assimilation and accommodation and such activities as classification, seriation, reversibility and spatial relationships. Schemes for curriculum development such as those of Guilford, (1967), Gallagher (1975), and Williams (1970), lean heavily on the intellectual components first identified by Piaget. Even with all of this attention to intellectual development and cognitive abilities, the nation has not reached a statement of just what is


The purpose of this research is to describe type of error of word order errors that often occured in the use of word order in recount text made by students based on Surface Strategy Taxonomy. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The population of this research is the tenth grade students of SMAN 4 Pariaman in 2017/2018 academic year. The writer used purposive sampling to get the sample. The sample is class X IPA 5 , which consists of 34 students. The data in this research were taken by using writing test. The result of this research showed that there were four types of error made by students were omission, adition, misformation, and misordering. There were 57 items or 43,2% of ommision errors, 45 items or 34% of misordering error, 25 items or 19% of misformation errors, and 5 items or 3,8% of addition errors. These errors were conducted because most of the students had not clearly understood of the structure of the sentence in English. To sum up, it showed that made of correct word order in recount text is difficult for students. Furthermore, the sources of error came from two categories : interlingual transfer and intralingual transfer. The dominant source of error was interlingual transfer with 77%.


Laura Chrisman has published widely in the fields of British imperial literature and postcolonial theory. Her Rereading the imperial romance: British imperialism and South African resistance in Haggard, Schreiner and Plaatje (Oxford University Press) is due out in 2000. Other publications include (with Patrick Williams) Colonial discourse and postcolonial theory: a reader, (with Elleke Boehmer and Ken Parker) Altered State? Writing and South Africa; (with Benita Parry) the 1999 volume of Essays and studies on postcolonial theory and criticism. For twelve years she has taught English at the School of African and Asian Studies, University of Sussex, and was convenor of the "Colonial and Postcolonial Cultures" MA programme. From October 2000 she will be Associate Professor, Department of African-American and African Studies, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. She serves on several editorial boards, including New Formations, Textual Practice, scrutiny2, and Wasafiri.


New mixed-metal compounds, PtRu3(μ4-η1:η1:η2:η4-PhCCCCPh)(CO)10(dppe) with isomers 1 and 2, have been prepared by reacting cis-dialkynyl platinum(II) complex, Pt(C≡CPh)2(dppe), with Ru3(CO)12, via a C–C bond coupling of the alkynyl ligands.


Home automation is known to systems that are capable of automating either a dwelling or a building that is too large, which implements many circuits providing energy services, safe and very reliable in what is communication, which are integrated into the interiors and exteriors of a building can be wired or wireless. The objective of the investigation is to determine how a user can prevent any emergency in which the building system fails and a situation in which it must be attended is prolonged, here are the technologists for providing good services and giving daily maintenance to prevent any emergency.That is why it is related between automation and intelligent control of housing that allows a very comfortable function as well as good energy savings and good communication between the user and the system, home automation allows to give knowledge of many devices electronic as is the sensors that collects information that is able to capture, process it and then issue an order to what are actuators or outputs, allows to respond to the requirements posed by these social changes in any house design or any building can be give a good comfort for the user that helps us in many ways in what is lighting, blinds, water etc.


Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is an industrial chemical and environmental pollutant with toxic effects on a number of tissues as reported for experimental animals. In rodents, previous studies indicated PFOA-mediated hepatocarcinogenicity which is associated with the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARa), a ligand-dependent transcription factor. However, non-PPARa-related mechanisms are also discussed.Within this project a proteomic approach was chosen to analyse the molecular mechanisms of PFOA toxicity on human liver cells with a focus on the differentiation between PPARa-dependent and PPARa-independent mechanisms. Total cellular proteins of the human liver cell line HepG2 treated with PFOA were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. These gels were compared with gels obtained from untreated cells. Differentially expressed protein spots were detected by using the Delta2D software (Decodon). Subsequently, proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF). Proteins that were differentially expressed upon PFOA treatment were involved in intracellular fatty acid transport, energy metabolism, cell growth, cell communication and protein metabolism. Pathway analysis conducted with the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software uncovered one major protein network linked with drug and lipid metabolism. The transcription factors NF-eB und TGFâ1 are the key regulators of that network. The data obtained in this study give an insight into the molecular mechanisms of PFOA hepatotoxicity, also indicating the involvement of PPARa-independent mechanisms.


Mutations in the cone-specific cyclic nucleotide-gated channel beta subunit (CNGB3) gene account for about 50% of cases of achromatopsia, an autosomal recessive retinal disease affecting functionality of cone photoreceptors1. The phenotype of CNGB3-/mice is similar to that in humans, specifically loss of cone function and early onset, slowly progressive cone degeneration, making it an appropriate disease model to study both toxicity and efficacy of the treatment2,3,.


This paper aims to account for the generation of the Chinese sentence Wangmiǎn sǐle fuqin (王冕死了父亲)from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. We argued that both the possessive category and the existential category are obviously iconic which can be regarded as the semantic categories in the same cognitive framework. It is a common fact that the prototypic possessive meaning and the prototypic existential meaning can be represented in the same construction. In contemporary Chinese the possessive sentence is related to the prototypic existential sentence not only in syntax but also in semantics. In the course of production of the sentence Wang miǎn sǐle fuqin,the verb and the construction depend upon each other.


A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Management in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Masters of Science in Management Specialization in Total
Quality Management and Organizational Excellence.


An electroluminescent device, a substrate thereof, and a method for manufacturing the same are provided to sinter a structure formed on a substrate at a high temperature by constructing the substrate including a metal. An electroluminescent device includes a metal layer(110) and a light emission layer on a substrate(100). A lower electrode(210) and a lower dielectric layer(220) are sequentially formed and an insulating layer(120) is positioned between a metal layer(110) and the light emission layer. An overall color is represented by converting a blue light into a red light and a green light with a color conversion layer(260). An upper dielectric layer(240) and an upper electrode(250) are sequentially formed on a fluorescent layer(230).


In the philosophical debate about affirmative action, some philosophers advocate this policy from compensating for historical injustice. Some opponents challenge the compensation argument for three reasons: (1) we have no way of knowing how many people of any given group would have achieved some given level of competence had the world been different; (2) the normal criterion of competence is a strong prima facie consideration; (3) those who benefit from past injustice are innocent. In this paper I claim that the counter argument will not stand if what we talk about is indigenous people, especially the one which want to keep hold on group autonomy. As many multiculturalists maintain, one's autonomy and self identity will be trapped into a disadvantage if the cultural community he belonged function unstably. Thus, for indigenous people, the societal culture of which has ever been injured in the past, self-government or other related autonomy rights will be the appropriate policy. In this situation, in order to sustain group autonomy, we must educate or employ lots of indigenous professionals for this end. In the other words, the purpose of affirmative action policy is not only correcting individual disadvantage caused by historical wrong, but also improving the ability of group collective autonomy shaken or even destructed in the process of historical oppression.


This guide will help you use Barry University Library's nursing materials/resources. These web sites are credible sources of directory and reference information.


To keep up with Moore's law in future, the critical dimensions of device features must further decrease in size. Thus, the nano-electronics and nano-optics manufacturing is based on the ongoing development of the lithography and encompasses also some unconventional methods. In this context, we use the Nanopositioning and Nanomeasuring Machine (NPMM) to generate features in resist layers by means of Direct Laser Writing (DLW),1 Field Emission Scanning Probe Lithography (FE-SPL)2 and Soft UV-Nanoimprint Lithography (Soft UV-NIL)3 with highest accuracy. The NPMM was collaboratively developed by TU Ilmenau and SIOS Meßtechnik GmbH.4 The tool provides a large positioning volume of 25 mm × 25 mm × 5 mm with a positioning resolution of 0.1 nm and a repeatability of less than 0.3 nm over the full range. Previously a single electron transistor (SET) working at room temperature generated by FE-SPL has been demonstrated.5 However, the throughput is limited because of the serial writing scheme making Tennant's law (At ∼ R5 ) valid.6 Here, At is the areal throughput and R the lithographic resolution. Thus, patterning of the whole NPMM positioning area by FE-SPL is very time consuming. In order to address this problem, different strategies and/or combinations are conceivable. In this work a so-called Mix-and-Match lithography is conducted. A fast generation of structures in the sub-micron range is possible by means of DLW. By this, features such as electrical wires, contact patches for bonding or labels are generated in resist. Subsequently, we use FE-SPL in order to define the actual nano-scaled features for quantum or single electron devices. In combination, DLW and FE-SPL are maskless lithography strategies, hence, offering completely novel opportunities for rapid nanoscale prototyping of largescale resist patterns. An explanation of this technique is given in a previous publication.7 Furthermore, after reactive ion etching, the sample can be used as template for Soft UV-NIL, thus resulting in a high-throughput process chain for future quantum and/or single electron devices.


The self-stated mission of Clinical Malignant Hematology is to provide a comprehensive and clinically focused guide to the management of patients with hematologic malignancies.


The purpose of this research are to evaluate Information Communication and Technology (ICT) study at SMPN 2 Gunung Labuhan Kabupaten Way Kanan, and specifically aim for analyze: (1) learning environment condition of ICT, (2) tool and infrastructure that support in learning process execution of ICT, (3) ICT learning process that done, and (4) ICT result achievement learns at SMPN 2 Gunung Labuhan Kabupaten Way Kanan. The genre of this research category is a quantitative evaluation research and evaluation method used in this research are Contexs, Input, Process, Product (CIPP) model. The Population is the entire students of VIII class SMPN 2 Gunung Labuhan Kabupaten Way Kanan in the year of 2012/2013 that consisted of 181 students, and the sample of the research appointeds as big as 25 % from population total, that is 45 students. The data that used in this research is gatherred to use observation method, documentation, and practice test. Data analysis technique that used in this evaluation is quantitative descriptive analysis.The evaluation result that ICT learning at SMPN 2 Gunung Labuhan Kabupaten Way Kanan success well with percentage result 70,47%. While specifically conclusion are : (1) evaluation in component context as big as 58,62% with enough category (2), evaluation in component input as big as 78,47% with good category (3), evaluation in process component as big as 76,43% with good category and (4) evaluation in component product as big as 68,38% with good category. Key word : contexs, input, process, product, ICT


This paper takes a snapshot view of managerial views in the Chinese automotive industry, one year after China joined the WTO. Two cases are used. One is a long established joint venture between Volkswagen and Shanghai Automotive (SAIC), the other a state-owned enterprise without the benefit of such a long-term alliance. Six hundred questionnaires were administered electronically, 349 were returned completed. The responses were broken down into pre-WTO, post-WTO and regulatory environment. The results show that competitive pressures have intensified since China joined the WTO. The automotive industry and firms within it are undergoing significant transformation in their strategies and managerial structures. State-owned enterprises (SOEs) face re-structuring burdens that are placing them in an uncompetitive situation unless they can get state aid and/or assistance from partners, as in an international joint venture (IJV).


"You say I am repeating Something I have said before. I shall say it again. Shall I say it again?" -T.S. Eliot, "East Coker" In Three Lives Gertrude Stein explores the heterosexual and lesbian relationships of three ordinary women--Anna, Melanctha, and Lena. In "The Good Anna," the first of these three stories, Stein uses repetition to criticize the cultural norms that have tried to shape women's sexual identity through repression. As particular phrases and sentences recur; a caustic irony emerges within the narrative that exposes Anna's absurd and usually futile attempts to repress not only the sexual behavior of young heterosexual men and women, but also Anna's own homoerotic impulses. [1] Since its publication in 1909, the stylistic innovations of this work, such as Stein's use of repetition and colloquial diction, have been discussed in great detail. In A Different Language: Gertrude Stein's Experimental Writing, Marianne DeKoven explains how Stein's use of language is the beginning of a shift from conventional, patriarchal to ex-perimental, anti-patriarchal modes of articulating meaning. [...] The limitations of vocabulary, the condensation, the repetition, the surprising diction, and the unconventional word order are crucial discoveries for Stein. They are points of departure, from which many characteristic features of her experimental styles evolve. The most noticeable feature of Stein's writing between 1906 and 1911 is its repetitiveness. It is undoubtedly safe to assert that no other writer has ever used repetition as extensively as Stein did in this period. (28, 40) Throughout Three Lives, Stein specifically uses repetition or, to use her term, "insistence" to expose and undermine culturally reinforced biases against women's sexuality, especially lesbian sexuality. Her repetitions in "The Good Anna" and the long descriptions of the protagonist's pained relationship with her own sexuality begin to break down the binary between heterosexual and homosexual. Though Anna struggles with this dichotomy both internally (suppressing her own lesbian desires) and externally (in her relationships with men), she resists both categories; she seems unable to envision a system of homosocial desire [2] that includes same-sex erotic relationships. Instead, by the end of the story, she perceives sexual desire of any kind as so abhorrent that she becomes an asexual figure. Stein's mission in "The Good Anna" is germane to 1990s queer theory, which attempts to deconstruct these categories as it argues, in part, that bisexuality is a primal condition. As Eve Sedgwick explains about her book, " [T]he analytic move [Epistemology of the Closet] makes is to demonstrate that categories presented in a culture as symmetrical binary oppositions--heterosexual/homosexual, in this case, actually subsist in a more unsettled and dynamic tacit relation" (9-10). Similarly, Stein, through her use of repetition, shakes up this binary and makes her audience consider the ramifications of such a dichotomy between self and other. As a result, we can examine the ways "The Good Anna" points to early twentieth-century anxieties about homosexuality in America and reread this text as prefiguring some of the cultural work of queer theory. Stein criticizes nineteenth-century attitudes about sexuality and domesticity through her portrayal of Anna's social and personal commitment to work. Expatriate life in Paris had given Stein the freedom to live as a lesbian woman and to resist the conventional roles imposed on most women. In "Paris Lesbianism and the Politics of Reaction, 1900-1940," Shari Benstock explains that "expatriate lesbians could act upon their sexual preferences, no longer finding it necessary to submerge their sexuality in the late nineteenth-century ideology of 'ennobling commitment' to community service or self-discipline" (334). Stein fights this ideology through her representation of Anna, who uses work both to suppress her own sexual desires and to control the morality of others. …


*Corresponding author: Mailing address: National Hospital Organization, Kumamoto National Hospital, Ninomaru 1-5, Kumamoto 860-0008, Japan. Fax: +81-96-325-2519. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a prevalent nosocomial pathogen in healthcare facilities. Epidemiological analysis of MRSA isolates assisted by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms of genomic DNA using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is essential for achieving hospital infection control (1-3). Sixty-seven MRSA isolates were obtained from 35 inpatients during October 2003 in a hospital with 11 wards and 550 beds in Kumamoto Prefecture. Of these, 34 isolates, each derived from a single patient, were analyzed for chromosomal DNA typing by using the following: a contour-clamped homogeneous electric field system (CHEF Mapper: BioRad Laboratories, Hercules, Calif., USA), antibiotic resistance (VITEK: bioMerieux, Marcy-l'Etoile, France), enterotoxin serotyping (SET-RPLA: Denka Seiken Co., Tokyo), toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) production (TSTRPLA: Denka Seiken), and coagulase serotyping (Denka Seiken). Nineteen different PFGE patterns of SmaI DNA digests were detected (Fig. 1). A band-based cluster analysis (Molecular Analyst: Bio-Rad) revealed 10 clusters, A/Y, AI/A, AY, BF, AB/AU, BD, AW, BG, AI, and BE (patterns with more than 70% similarity were considered to form a cluster) (Fig. 2A). The frequency distribution of the PFGE patterns of MRSA is shown in Fig. 2B. The most frequent pattern (A1) represented 26% of the total isolates. Pattern A35 was detected in four isolates, patterns A36 and AI2 in


The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing rapidly worldwide and is projected to rise from approximately 2.8% in 2000 to 4.4% by 2030. In terms of patient numbers, this translates into a ris...


In singular optimal control problems, the functional form of the optimal control function is usually determined by solving the algebraic equation which results by successively differentiating the switching function until the control appears explicitly. This process defines the order of the singular problem. Order-related results are developed for singular linear-quadratic problems and for a bilinear example which gives new insights into the relationship between singular problem order and singular arc order.


Numerical full vehicle simulations are becoming powerful tools for evaluating motorcycle performance. Among various motorcycles, motocrossers are most easily affected in their motions by rider-operations. We have developed a simulation system including motocrosser motions and rideroperations. The simulations of three accelerating patterns and two typical jumping patterns have been conducted taking the experimentally measured rider-operations as well as soil-tire traction parameters into account. The agreement of simulations and experiments indicates that the simulation system works effectively in analyzing dynamics of motocrosser-rider systems.


The United States and Australia both have been confronted with federal-state controversies concerning problems of demarcation of authority. An example of such a continuing controversy common to both nations is the battle for control and ownership of coastal waters and submerged lands. Of critical importance within this context is the extent of state and federal legislative authority over these areas. This article explores the respective approaches adopted in Australia and in the United States to resolve their problems concerning coastal demarcation. United States courts first addressed these problems. Controversy between the federal government and several of the coastal states began in the 1920s when California, under claim of ownership, issued oil and gas leases on certain submerged lands underlying the Santa Barbara Channel. With the development of oil production from offshore lands along the California coast, applications for oil and gas rights began to be filed directly with the federal government under the Mineral Leasing Act of 1920. United States reaction to these applications varied from a policy of rejection, on the basis that the submerged lands were the property of the State of California, to one of acceptance, on the basis of federal ownership. Upon recommendation of an interdepartmental committee, the Attorney General took action to have the conflicting federal-state claims adjudicated. The resulting Tidelands Cases established the doctrine that the thirteen original colonies did not acquire ownership of the submerged lands along the coast, nor did states subsequently admitted to the Union acquire or retain ownership of these lands, as in the case of Texas. Based on national external sovereignty, the federal government and not the states had paramount rights in and full dominion and power over these lands. By contrast, Australia's legislation and jurisprudence have raised several current issues for discussion. The 1958 conventions on the Law of the Sea were not concerned with allocating Australian sovereignty to any central or regional government. Passage of the Seas and Submerged Lands Act in 1973 apparently accomplished that result, however.The Seas and Submerged Lands Act was passed some twenty years later than its American equivalent. As a result, Australia had the benefit of observing the jurisprudence that had developed in the United States as well as the Conventions enacted pursuant to the 1958 Law of the Sea Conference. The Australian approach is a "constitutional" analysis of the problems of federal and state authority over coastal waters and submerged lands. In order to comprehend fully the Australian approach to these problems, American readers should first review the background and rationale for the events that took place in the United States.


The switch from a concerted to a two-step pathway of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions was recently established for the reactions of sterically hindered 'thiocarbonyl ylides' with acceptor ethylenes. This mechanism via zwitterionic intermediates is studied here for 1,3-dipoles 5A and 5B, which are derived from 2,2,5,5-tetramethylcyclopentanethione and 1,1,3,3-tetramethylindan-2-thione, respectively, and contain a highly screened reaction center. In the reactions of 8A and 8B (the precursors of 5A and 5B) with dimethyl 2,3-dicyanofumarate (15) and 2,3-dicyanomaleate (16), virtually identical ratios of cis- and trans-thiolanes were observed (17/18 93 : 7 for 5a and 94 : 6 for 5B). Thus, full equilibration of rotameric zwitterions precedes cyclization; an anteceding disturbing isomerization 15⇌16 had to be circumvented. The cis,trans assignment of the cycloadducts rests on three X-ray analyses. The kinetically favored cis-thiolanes 17 isomerize at >80° to 18 (trans), and irreversible cleavage leads to thione 7 and trans,cis isomeric dimethyl 1,2-dicyanocyclopropane-1,2-dicarboxylates (27 and 28, resp.). Furthermore, the zwitterionic intermediates equilibrate with the cyclic seven-membered ketene imine 21, which was intercepted under conditions where the solvent contained 2 vol-% of H2O or MeOH. Lactams 22 were obtained with H2O in high yields, and the primary products of capturing by MeOH were the cyclic ketene O,N-acetals 23, which subsequently tautomerized to the lactim methyl ethers 24. When 5B was reacted with ethenetetracarbonitrile in CDCl3/MeOH (98 : 2 vol-%), the analogous cyclic ketene imine 13B was trapped to the extent of 93%.


Electricity is a crucial part of everyday life, being used in almost every aspect and any field of work. Nowadays renewable energy systems are being built, because of their sustainable way of producing electricity, and making the world safer and cleaner. With their integration and use in households and even countries' whole infrastructures, their outage and disruption of the production process can cause serious issues. Energy systems are directly connected to the economic situation of a country and a single failure can create a cascade of disturbances. Because of the digitalization and requirements for remote monitoring of the equipment used in such systems, they have become more vulnerable and can be exploited by malicious intruders over the Internet. In this research we will examine the different types of cyber threats concerning the security of renewable energy systems. We will introduce a defense strategy model to secure the infrastructure of a renewable energy system.


Guinea pigs with an age of 15 days and up until the end of the fattening stage will be used, lasting 60 days (8 weeks) between the months of November, December and January. Harvest by-products will be supplied in the diet of the guinea pigs, which are discarded or provided for other animals that do not know how to take full advantage of them, these are the wastes of corn, beans, peas and broccoli, the treatments in turn will be valued one to one since each treatment has 5 repetitions, during the present investigation the following variables such as: weight, weight gain, feed conversion and mortality were evaluated


For machine design, determining the machine's technical specifications as the basis for design element computation and choosing an appropriate electric motor are among the most crucial tasks. Especially, considering the scarcity of studies about tropical wood materials, it is more important to determine the specific work by the experimental approach. The scope of the study includes the research of dependency of the cutting power on the working parameters such as feed per tooth Sz, the cutting depth h, and the tooltip's radius r in the process of wood material machining. Employing the response surface method, the experiments following the Central Composite Face design (FCCCD) plan were undertaken with 4 replicates. The author used Minitab software to process experimental results, analyze the regression equation and variance (ANOVA). In addition, the cutting force components in wood milling is also determined, which is the basis for the design of machine elements of wood milling machines and CNC woodworking machines.


The steady shear flow and the small-amplitude dynamic viscoelastic properties of mayonnaises with different oil contents (75-85%) have been studied over a wide range of shear rates and angular frequencies by using a cone-plate rheometer. Yield stress was determined by Casson model. The fluid consistency coefficient (K) and flow behavior index (n) were determined by Herschel-Bulkley model. The volume-weighted average diameters of oil droplets for mayonnaises with 75, 80 and 85% oil contents were 3.89, 3.04 and 3.15 μm, respectively. All of the mayonnaises had yield stress, shear-thinning behavior and thixotropy. These properties were fortified as the oil content in the mayonnaise increased. The magnitude of storage modulus and complex viscosity increased with the increase of oil contents. Over a wide range of angular frequencies, the value of storage modulus (G`) for mayonnaise was much higher than that of loss modulus (G"). Both G` and G" increased with increasing angular frequency but they had slight dependency on angular frequency. Parameters, n` and n" were 0.10 and 0.20, respectively, meaning that frequency dependency of G` was smaller than that of G". The mayonnaise with higher oil content had more pronounced gel-like characteristics than that with lower oil content.


The present invention relates to an improved method for producing a transgenic cotton plant, comprising a plant phenolic compound in the presence of co-cultivation of cotton embryogenic callus with Agrobacterium cells, the Agrobacterium cells comprising operably linked to at least one T-DNA borders of DNA fragment.


*"The simulation software APSS for separating system of aromatics facility which is orientedobject is developed. The extractive tower which is the core of aromatics facility is simulated and optimized. Based on satisfying the technological demands, a group of optimal operation conditions are given, which can be used to direct the practical production operation and facility reformation and optimize the operation parameters.


A luminescent powder of SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ was coated with MgF2 through a liquid-phase method.The water resistance,crystal structures,photoluminescence spectra,particle morphology and size and after-glow property of the uncoated and coated sam-ples were characterized by digital acidity meter,X-ray powder diffractometer,fluorescent spectrophotometer,scanning electronic microscope and brightness meter with stopwatch,respectively.The results indicate that the coated samples showed a better water resistance.The crystalline phase was not changed.The peak location of emission and excitation spectra was not changed,but the rela-tive intensity was decreased.Surface of the sample became rough after coated with MgF2.The optimum amount of MgF2 coated on the sample surface is 25% in consideration of the water resistance,spectra property and after-glow property requirements.


The present invention is directed to a defect of the prior art infrared detector after it has finished the read circuit requires a suitable chemical mechanical polishing process to flatten the wafer surface, the circuit area, the system integration and high process requirements, there is provided a species infrared detector and its preparation method. The infrared detector comprises an infrared detection element and the readout circuit, the infrared detection element formed on one side of the first substrate, the edge of the infrared detection element having an electrode aperture, wherein the readout circuit is formed on one side of the second substrate, and an electrode having a readout circuit, a first silicon vias penetrating the substrate and filled with a conductive material is formed on the first substrate, said infrared detection element electrode hole and the electrode of the readout circuit through silicon vias electrically conductive material filled in each other.


Retraction: The following article from Experimental Physiology, 'Exercise-induced metallothionein expression in human skeletal muscle fibres' by Milena Penkowa, Pernille Keller, Charlotte Keller, Juan Hidalgo, Mercedes Giralt and Bente Klarlund Pedersen published in Experimental Physiology 90(4): 477–486, and online ahead of print on 7 January 2005, doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2004.029371 has been retracted by agreement between Pernille Keller, Charlotte Keller, Juan Hidalgo, Mercedes Giralt and Bente Klarlund Pedersen, the journal Editor in Chief, Paul McLoughlin, and Blackwell Publishing Ltd. The retraction has been agreed because:


Until 1990, Hungary's environmental legislation had been broadly incomprehensive. Since then, several laws and judicial decisions were passed, and scholarly literature on this topic exists in abundance. However, as yet, there is no exhaustive evaluation of the development of the legal and legislative development of the country's environmental law of the past thirty years. This article provides a historical overview of Hungary's environmental law, followed by an outline of the developments of the 1990 s; it then presents Hungary's post-millenial environmental law, shedding light on the first decade. The next chapter covers Hungary's environmental law after 2010, which was a turning point in the country's environmental policies, associated with the FIDESZ party's accession to power and several controversial environmental policies. The article concludes that environmental law cannot be observed separately, but must always be reviewed in conjunction with, and in the context of, changes in the entire legal system and the political changes taking place in a country at large. Despite EU approximation of environmental law, there are still cases of Hungarian environmental law contradicting European domestic market fundamental freedoms and competition law.


The security, of private information is of paramount importance to the continuing use of the Internet for business dealings, as the risk of fraud or unintentional disclosure of private information could be a serious deterrent to individuals. Privacy, policies are being used more and more to promise the security of an individual's private information, but the checking of privacy policies was a daunting task until P3P made it possible to automate such checking. We propose a conceptual method to extend P3P in order to add more flexibility to the decision on whether or not a given item of private information will be supplied to a target organisation by using the Chinese Wall security policy. This will enable a user to not only define rules as to which items of private information she would disclose, but also to define what collection of private information any given organisation would be able to build about her.


This thesis provides a secure access control architecture for personal sensor information in Federated Personal Networks (FedNets) applied to the context of the VITRUVIUS project. To that end suitable authentication protocols,
cipher suites, credential providers and policy languages are analyzed. We provide and test a prototype of our proposed architecture. Security in this context entails more than the usual suspects being authentication,
authorization, non-repudiation, data integrity and confidentiality. Due to the nature of a PN, confidentiality is notably complex. Privacy in this context consists of user and component identity confidentiality, user location confidentiality and user untraceability. Mobile devices are also susceptible to depletion attacks, aimed at draining the battery. We found EAP-IKEv2 the best suitable authentication protocol based applicable security requirements we adopted from several fields of study.
We recommend a ciphersuite consisting of ECDH, ECDSA, AES and SHA-2 based upon keystrength, governmental and institutional recommendations and the wireless nature of PNs and FedNets. We recommend WebDAV as credential provider as its usage allows for more efficient revocation checking.
We recommend PERMIS as reasoning engine along with its policy language. Our prototype shows that the suggested security framework can be run on a resource constrained device though further performance improvements
to the authentication and the authorization engine are needed


Design of a microfluidic sensor for biomedical application is proposed. This work investigating the feasibility of microstrip based microfluidic sensor for biomedical applications. The proposed microstrip based sensor is designed utilizing Rogers RO3003 substrate with a dielectric constant of 3, a loss tangent of 0.0013, and dimensions being 27 x 13 x 1.27 mm3. ANSYS HFSS version 21 is used to analyze the structure's performance. The designed structure has return losses of -37.37 dB, -44.98 dB, and -32.36 dB at 4.58 GHz, 5.57 GHz, and 6.63 GHz, respectively. To achieve clear findings, employed periodicity in the structure and established an electromagnetic band gap to increase sensitivity. It has practical applications in the design of systems that process to achieve multiplexing, estimation, automation, and high-throughput screening.


This research was aimed to determine whether PT FIF Central Malang has implemented the concept of Learning Organization to its full potential in achieving company goals. This type of research is a qualitative study with a questionnaire as a data collection tools. The sample of this research was 38 people using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis method uses data triangulation.
The results showed positive and significant results, so based on the triangulation of data that had been done it could be explained that PT FIF Central Malang had applied the concept of a learning organization in achieving company goals. These results are in line with research conducted by several previous studies that the concept of learning organization could positively and significantly affected to the performance improvement of an organization.


Author(s): Hagaman-Cummins, Natasha Dione | Advisor(s): Beattie, Irenee | Abstract: Fathers are taking an increasingly involved role in parenting. Most previous research has focused on education and household income in relation to which parent stays at home to take care of children, but the impact of wealth on fathers' child caretaking time investment has not been thoroughly considered. Prior research has not considered the child caretaking time of parents who remain engaged with the workforce. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of wealth and class on father child caretaking time. Results show that household wealth is not significantly associated with father caretaking time. However, when wealth and father's educational attainment levels both increase, father caretaking time also increases. Conversely, father caretaking time also increases when fathers have lower educational attainment paired with debt. It appears that wealth and class do make a difference, but only if there is congruence between wealth/debt and educational attainment.


The lizard  Angolosaurus skoogi  inhabits the surface and subsurface environments of sand dunes of the northern Namib Desert. We have related posture, locomotion, and other aspects of surface activity to the microclimate prevailing above and below the surface. Globe temperature was the best microclimatic correlate of surface activity. From our analysis, we concluded that surface thermoregulatory behaviour of  A. skoogi  is facultative, and aimed at maintaining a body temperature compatible with foraging and other obligatory surface activities.


The invention relates to novel -Thieno-1,4DIAZEPINAS of the general formulas IA and IB wherein R1, R2, R3, R0, R1, Z, X, YYN have the meaning given in the description. The new compounds usually applied in the treatment of conditions and pathological RELATED DISEASES PLATELET ACTIVATING FACTOR (FPA).


Augmenting tabletop role-playing games (TTRPG) with computers took much attention of researchers recently. Nevertheless, these efforts mostly remained as functional augmentations. We believe that integrating new gameplay styles to this genre is still an underexplored area. Drawing upon the previous studies, we believe that wearables which support movement-based gameplay can be a good step taken in this direction as previous studies claim that wearables can strengthen the link to the imaginary worlds which is critical for TTRPG experience while the movement-based play can increase the player engagement. However, previous studies did not investigate these concepts with an implemented technology. Therefore, to get a better understanding of how wearables can alter the TTRPG experience, we designed a new RPG game system and developed the Elemental Gauntlet and the Luck Stone which enable movement-based game play in TTRPG context. Our preliminary results showed that, movement-based play and wearable props strengthen the identification feeling with the fictional character and resulted in a better immersion to the imaginary world of the game.


Acknowledgements - List of Abbreviations - List of Contributors - Introduction D.Goodman & A.Hall - PART 1: CURRENT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES AND FRONTIER INTEGRATION - Rondonia and the Fate of Small Producers G.Martine - The Shanty Town, Final Stage of Rural Development? The Case of Acre K.Bakx - Private and Public Colonisation Schemes in Amazonia E.Moran - Future Hydroelectric Development in Brazilian Amazonia: Towards Comprehensive Population Resettlement L.Mougeot - Development Planning and Mineral Mega-Projects: Some Global Considerations F.Neto - Frontier Security and the New Indigenism: Nature and Origins of the Calha Norte Project J.Pacheco de Oliveira Filho - PART 2: ENVIRONMENTAL DESTRUCTION, SOCIAL CONFLICT AND POPULAR RESISTANCE - Environmental Destruction in the Brazilian Amazon P.Fearnside - The State and Land Conflicts in Amazonia, 1964-1988 A.Wagner Berno de Almeida - The Political Impasses of Rural Social Movements in Amazonia J.de Souza Martins - Indigenous People in Brazilian Amazonia and the Expansion of the Economic Frontier D.Treece - Small Farmer Protest in the Greater Carajas Programme J.Hebette & J.A.Colares - PART 3: TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - The Nature and Sustainability of Brazilian Amazon Soils P.Furley - Environmentally Appropriate, Sustainable Small-Farm Strategies for Amazonia C.Barrow - Economic Values and the Environment of Amazonia D.Pearce & N.Myers - Glossary - Index


Technology then has become a mixed bag for the tourism industry. It creates a great deal of conveniences while at the same time has been used as a way to increase revenues and to lessen customer service, especially for the education of adults in the area of digital competence for the use for advertising the tourist offer of your own units. Modern Education Programs can be a great help in overcoming digital literacy and thus helping to choose a variety of offers that offer free internet advertising. The survey was conducted on the example of Okrug municipality on the Čiovo peninsula in the period from February 2017 to April 2017. 278 private renters participated. The aim of the research was to show that the Program for the Education of Foreign Languages, a specific English language that was organized by the Municipality, contributed to the advertising of its tourist units, thereby contributing to the revenue, ie the occupancy in the number of reservations. The paper used a quantization method, a questionnaire survey. point to the fact that it is necessary to invest in the Education Program so that the older population, in particular, acquires the general level of digital literacy and foreign language learning, for the purpose of finding an adequate media for advertising and strengthening the tourist capital of a municipality.


An update on the development and validation of the MERCURY Monte Carlo particle transport code is presented. MERCURY is a modern, parallel, general-purpose Monte Carlo code being developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. During the past year, several major algorithm enhancements have been completed. These include the addition of particle trackers for 3-D combinatorial geometry (CG), 1-D radial meshes, 2-D quadrilateral unstructured meshes, as well as a feature known as templates for defining recursive, repeated structures in CG. New physics capabilities include an elastic-scattering neutron thermalization model, support for continuous energy cross sections and S ({alpha}, {beta}) molecular bound scattering. Each of these new physics features has been validated through code-to-code comparisons with another Monte Carlo transport code. Several important computer science features have been developed, including an extensible input-parameter parser based upon the XML data description language, and a dynamic load-balance methodology for efficient parallel calculations. This paper discusses the recent work in each of these areas, and describes a plan for future extensions that are required to meet the needs of our ever expanding user base.


Advanced, early-midseason breeding lines and overseas introductions of Trifolium subterraneum var. subterraneum and var. yanninicum were screened for resistance to rust (Uromyces trifolii-repentis) and cercospora (Cercospora zebrina) diseases in field 'miniswards', and their performances compared with appropiate control varieties. The reaction to each disease varied between genotypes. The most rust-resistant within var. subterraneum were CPI 89848D, CPI 89840A, and 76S40-6, all with final incidence scores of 90% leaves affected). On the basis of rust-induced leaf collapse, CPI 89848D, 76840-6, CPI 89838G, CPI 89840A, Areces 1, and B x D 15A Black-8 were the most resistant of var. subterraneum, with scores of 0-0.5 on a 0-5 scale. Except for CPI 39314YB, var. yanninicum was very resistant to rust, with rust incidence scores of 0.6-3. Lines 76Y51-31, 76Y52-3, 76Y51-28.2, and 76Y51-25 had the best resistance, with end-of-season incidence scores of 0.6-1.4. Except for 76Y51-27, there was no leaf collapse from rust in var. yanninicum. For cercospora disease, the most resistant lines within var. subterraneum were CPI 89838G, 75811-7, 76340-6, and CPI 89841E, with final incidence scores 51.5 on a 0-10 scale. Except for CPI 39314YB, var. yanninicum showed excellent resistance to cercospora disease, with end-of-season incidence scores 0.1-1.


The computational fluid dynamics-population balance model (CFD-PBM) has been presented and used to evaluate the bubble behavior in a large-scale high pressure bubble column with an inner diameter of 300 mm and a height of 6600 mm. In the heterogeneous flow regime, bubbles can be divided into "large bubbles" and "small bubbles" by a critical bubble diameter dc. In this study, large and small bubbles were classified according to different slopes in the experiment only by the method of dynamic gas disengagement, the critical bubble diameter was determined to be 7 mm by the experimental results and the simulation values. In addition, the effects of superficial gas velocity, operating pressure, surface tension and viscosity on gas holdup of large and small bubbles in gas–liquid two-phase flow were investigated using a CFD-PBM coupling model. The results show that the gas holdup of small and large bubbles increases rapidly with the increase of superficial gas velocity. With the increase of pressure, the gas holdup of small bubbles increases significantly, and the gas holdup of large bubbles increase slightly. Under the same superficial gas velocity, the gas holdup of large bubbles increases with the decrease of viscosity and the decrease of surface tension, but the gas holdup of small bubbles increases significantly. The simulated values of the coupled model have a good agreement with the experimental values, which can be applied to the parameter estimation of the high pressure bubble column system.


Magnetic and gravity data have great potential to inform us about regional-scale features. Major fault zones, basin geometries, basement character, Moho, intra-crustal boundaries etc can all be imaged. However, modelling results are inherently non-unique and often highly uncertain. This feeds into the reliability of the method and its usefulness in resource exploration. Following Occam's razor, traditional methods have usually sought to find the simplest model possible, through use of maximum smoothness regularization (e.g. UBC-GIF), or through simplifying the model to an analytically unique problem (e.g. Parker-Oldenburg). More recent software packages allow the process to be constrained by lithology and the explicit incorporation of geological knowledge into the process. This increased degree of freedom leads to greater flexibility, but also greater ambiguity in results. A single result is clearly not adequate in these cases. Here we present some examples at regional and continental scales where the inclusion of variability measures has greatly increased the usefulness of the inversion process to understand 1) the features of interest and 2) the robustness of the solution.


Residential and commercial buildings are responsible for roughly 40 percent of U.S. energy consumption [1]. Within these types of buildings, space heating and cooling was responsible for roughly 36% of the energy consumption in 2005 [2]. Moreover, attributes of the building envelope have a large impact on this energy consumption, namely how much energy is needed to maintain comfortable room temperatures. For instance, heat loss can occur through walls, windows, ceilings, floors, doors, and infiltration (e.g. leaks out of cracks and holes). One area in particular where advancements have been made for homes is in the use of structural insulated panels (SIPs).


Purpose: The Purpose of the study was to find out the comparative effect of static and dynamic core exercise training on vital capacity. Selection of Subjects: For the present study 45 male students from Department of Physical Education, GGV Bilaspur (C.G) were selected randomly as the subjects for the study. The age of the subjects ranged between 20-25 years. Selection of Variables: The variables selected for the present study were static and dynamic core exercise training as independent variable, vital capacity as dependent variable. Methodology: For the study pretest – posttest randomized group design, which consists of control group (15 students) and two experimental group's i.e. static and dynamic core exercise group (30 students) were used. The data were collected through the pretest, before training and posttest, after twelve weeks of static and dynamic core exercise training. Statistical Technique: To find out the comparative effect of static and dynamic core exercise training on vital capacity of the subjects the pretest and post test scores were analyzed by using Descriptive analysis, Analysis of Co-Variance (ANCOVA) and LSD test were used, the data analyzed with the help of SPSS (21.0 version) software and the level of significance was set at 0.05 level of confidence. Result: The result of the study showed that there was significant difference between pre and posttest (experimental group) of vital capacity. Significant difference was found between adjusted means of dynamic core exercise training and control group (p< 0.05). Conclusion: On the basis of findings of the study it may be considered that dynamic core exercise training could be very much useful method of training for sportsman to improve vital capacity.


Photopolymerizable resins are increasingly used to generate complex 3D printed parts through stereo lithography, digital light processing (DLP) and liquid crystal display (LCD) 3D printing. Many challenges relating to the resin chemistry and printing parameters still exist and must be addressed in order to entirely control the properties of parts after printing. This work reviews the current knowledge and describes the potential of DLP/LCD methods for printed acrylate resins, as well as the steps necessary to achieve a better control over the mechanical properties of printed materials. Graphical abstract