Oxygen is an element that is first purposely brought into the steel melt to remove some unwanted elements or to reduce their concentration (oxidation). In the made cast steel there is on the contrary necessary to reduce the oxygen content with the use of deoxidation to such a level in order to avoid a reaction with carbon with the formation of CO bubbles. Concentration of oxygen in steel before casting is given, in particular, by the manner of metallurgical processing and the used deoxidation process. Oxygen is found in molten steels both as chemically bound in the form of oxides and in the form of oxygen dissolved in the solution – the melt. Chemical composition of the melt strongly influences the activity of oxygen dissolved in the melt and further on the composition of oxidic inclusions forming in the melt during the reaction with oxygen. In the Fe-C-Cr-Ni based alloys in the reaction with oxygen greatly participates also chrome, whose products are often in solid state and they are the cause of forming such defects as e.g. oxidic films.


It is common knowledge that the Music Educators National Conference (MENC) sponsors research presentation sessions at the national conventions in order to disseminate original research in music education. The research sessions in recent years have been in a poster presentation format, and large numbers of researchers (159 in 1990) have participated at these meetings. In contrast, only nineteen scholars reported their research (in paper reading sessions) at the 1970 conference. The remarkable growth in the number of presenters at the national conventions between 1970 and 1990 is one of several trends in music education research reported in a recent study.* Of course, the growth in the number of presenters over the dozen conventions indicates that researchers presented many more papers in 1990 than in 1970 (121 vs. 18). Another trend of interest is the movement toward co-authorship: Of the papers selected for the 1970 meeting, 5.5% had co-authors, but the figure increased to 33.9% by 1990. Women's increased participation in research becomes quite apparent when the information from the 1970 convention booklet is compared with that for 1990. For the earlier meeting, women comprised only 22.2% of the total number of presenters; this figure had changed to 43.3% by 1990. Presentations by women were in the majority at one meeting (51.7% in 1980), and the balance was fifty-fifty in 1984. Finally, no one person


The article provides an analysis of the physical processes underlying the operation of the measuring transducer, with a time based information presentation. A mathematical model is developed that describes the process of free oscillation attenuation excited in the LC-contour of primary measuring transducer, and analyzes and evaluates the influence of external factors that influence the measurement results. The ways of elimination of their influence on the results of measuring control are offered.


The present studies deal with the tsunami damage assessment of the 26 December 2004 tsunami that occurred as a result of an Indonesian earthquake (Mw9.3) on Car Nicobar Island. Remote Sensing and GIS techniques are used to identify and assess the damage caused by the tsunami. The IRS 1D LISS III (Pre) and IRS P‐6 (Post) satellite data are used in analysing the tsunami height, run‐up elevation, water‐flow direction, inundation distance, sand deposition, coastal response, subsidence and erosion hazards, and overall assessment of damage. In order to confirm the results of the analysis, an extensive field survey was conducted on the island. The analysis reveals that the tsunami height was 0.7–15 m on the beaches. The run‐up level was 2–19 m with an inundation distance of 295.87–1202.57 m from the shoreline. The sand deposits at Aukchung and Arong beaches were 2.5 m and 1.0 m, respectively. The coastal subsidence at Malacca beach was 0.75–1.12 m, with significant coastal modification at various places.


A new transmuting technology for incinerating long-lived nuclear waste and breeding fissile fuel is proposed as an application of the physical approach. The physical parameters of the technology, such as a transmuting rate, an intensity of photoneutrons generated in the gamma transmutation process, an energetic "cost" of a transmutation event have been determined by multigroup calculations. It is shown that the approach proposed allows any long-lived radionuclide (both transuranium actinide and fission product) to be transmuted at a much greater rate than that of its build-up in any operating NPP reactor at a much less energy consumption than an energy accompanying their production in a reactor core. To realize the technology proposed requirements to a cyclic electron accelerator have been formulated.


Green ecological communities have garnered significant interest due to their role in providing urban ecosystem services, and community greening plays a pivotal role in urban environmental enhancement. In the context of carbon neutrality-oriented goals, it is imperative to acknowledge the significance of various landscape designs in carbon sequestration within community greening initiatives. However, there is currently a lack of consideration for landscape designs that promote high carbon sequestration in community greening projects. Our research with literature research and experimental measurement data as data sources, established a database of carbon sequestration of 138 common vegetation species in Shanghai. Based on the vertical vegetation structure within landscape design, we propose seven modular planting structures that reflect the carbon sequestration potential of high-capacity plants within different community green spaces. Our findings reveal substantial variations in carbon sequestration among different tree species within arbor and shrub categories, whereas the differences in carbon sequestration among various herbaceous plants per unit area are comparatively smaller. Among the different combination patterns, the highest carbon sequestration is achieved by the vegetation configuration of the three-layer structure pattern, and the combination of arbors, shrubs and grasses can maximize the effective use of space. This study holds significant importance in optimizing the utilization of limited green spaces within communities and enhancing the carbon sequestration benefits of community landscapes. Ultimately, these efforts contribute significantly to Shanghai's journey toward carbon neutrality.


In this speech given at the Bulletin Civic Service Committee Workshop on Mental Health in Philadelphia, Gorman developed
 themes he would use in many subsequent addresses on community mental health resources: the need to involve primary care physicians
 as the first line of defense against mental health problems; the need to include psychiatric units in general hospitals; the
 need to establish treatment facilities for emotionally disturbed children; the need for more flexible facilities for psychiatric
 treatment; and the need for follow-up care for patients discharged from mental hospitals.


The temperature of converter shell rises sharply with the utilization of MgO-C brick lining,it results in the shell permanent deformation.Research shows that the shell pemanent deformation is creep deformation but not plastic deformation.The factors of affection the creep deformation are presented,and the technical measures controlling the shell creep deformation are put forward.Key Words:converter shell;thermal elasto-plastic;creep deformation;control


French project artist Sophie Calle has become well-known for her iconoclastic performance art that blends visual and textual elements. Beginning with Les Dormeurs in 1979, in which she invited 24 strangers to sleep in her empty bed and photographed them hourly, through her project of following people around Paris and photographing them like a private detective in Suite venitienne, Calle has blurred the boundaries between private and public, between photographer and photographed, and between viewer and participant. In this article, I focus on her recent exhibition, Prenez soin de vous. The title comes from the last line of an email received by Calle in which a lover ends their relationship. Rather than answer, file, or simply delete the message, Calle gave a copy of it to 107 women and asked them each to respond to it from the perspective of their different professions. Thus a singer sings it, a philosopher writes a piece in response to it, a DJ raps it, an accountant talks about the financial implications of it, a sexologist analyzes it, a typesetter corrects it and so on. The result is a mixed-media exhibit consisting of texts, photographs, films, and recordings. Although this was originally staged for the Venice Biennale of 2007, this paper looks specifically at the way in which it was staged in France: in the former Bibliotheque Nationale de France, rue Richelieu. In this article, I analyze this exhibit in terms of the accumulation that it stages. I show that the exhibit performs a hoarding of objects from different sources that, taken together, takes the notion of collective autobiography into new terrain. Through a discussion of Derrida's Mal d'archive, I examine the living archive that the exhibition comprises. Interpreted in terms of the Bibliotheque Nationale that housed them, the textual and visual artifacts of this exhibition become an accumulation within a site of accumulation and push Calle's innovation further, beyond the re-inscription of female subjectivity, the play between seeing and being seen, and the blurring of the public and private for which she is already celebrated.


For decades, the landlocked local homelands of the Mongolian nomads were isolated from the global market. But in recent years, they have been crowded out by those who are looking for the untapped natural resources in their 'homelands'. The River Movements' struggles of local civil society groups seeking to protect the environment and livelihood, or the 'homeland', of the local people from the threats imposed by mining operations, have come to be the most sustained grassroots movement in Mongolia during the past decade. Based on data collected between 2006 and 2010, this article traces the trajectory of the movement and discusses the conditions that shaped the course and consequences of the movement. The discrepancy between local values and opportunities and transnational norms and ideas had a significant effect on the trajectory of the movement.


The work presented in this paper investigates one possible methodology for training an agent by means of an automatic, qualitative teacher monitoring the behaviour of the learner and continuously interacting with it. It is a hybrid methodology integrating teaching and reinforcement learning. Moreover it encompasses a novelty in the field, the implementation of a Shaping procedure to be used for training. Preliminary , interesting results are reported at the end of the paper.


Chapter 10 begins with a consideration of the constitution and political activity in Athens, followed by a change in the Athenian attitude toward Rome and the activities of Mithridates VI of Pontus. Mithridates' clashes with Rome led to him seek allies in Greece, especially Athens. His case polarized Athenian politics, but the people voted to support him, and hence declared war on Rome. The Romans sent Sulla to Greece, who besieged Athens. Eventually the city capitulated, and Sulla's men then killed many citizens and destroyed many buildings. The city's economy was destroyed; Delos defected; further restraints were made on the city's political life; and even artistic output was affected. Yet Roman visitors to Athens began to increase in the years after Sulla, including to study there, and Greek culture continued to be attractive to Romans.


Type 2 diabetes is a common chronic metabolic disease that has a strong association with serious long-term health complications. These complications include an overall reduction in life expectancy and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease as well as microvascular complications leading to end-stage organ damage. It is clear that the prevalence of diabetes has reached epidemic proportions. In the USA alone, nearly 26 million people live with diabetes, with the total economic health care costs for treating diagnosed diabetes in the USA estimated to be US$245 billion for 2012 [1]. Similar challenges face both developing and developed nations, driving the search for a better understanding of disease mechanisms and the development of novel treatments. "Further work to elucidate the involvement of B lymphocytes in the etiology of human Type 2 diabetes will no doubt yield important insights into disease mechanisms and open up novel avenues for therapeutic intervention. "


— ß )) has a Fourier transform that may be interpreted as the ratio of two partition functions, one of which is defined in terms of a complex-valued (cv) Hamiltonian. As first shown by Loring, this relation may be recast in terms of a generalized cv free energy (&) that is a function of a coupling parameter tx. We formulate a cv version of the XRISM integral equation to calculate ( ). We apply the method to calculate the probability densities of the intermolecular binding energy for models of tetrahydrofuran and methanol. We also calculate the diabatic free energy profiles of symmetric and asymmetric model intramolecular charge transfer reactions in diatomic solutes dissolved in methyl chloride. Finally we consider the free energy profiles for a model of the ferrocene-ferrocenium electron exchange reaction in acetonitrile. For the models studied, we find that the cv-XRISM results for the diabatic free energy profiles are in close agreement with the recently developed Surrogate Hamiltonian-Renormalized Dielectric Theory (SH-RDT), which is an integral equation based on a renormalized linear response formulation. The accuracy of these methods of calculating probability densities is limited by the use of the XRISM integral equation to calculate the correlation functions of the models. However, where possible, we find quite satisfactory agreement of the cr-XRISM results with simulation results reported in the literature for the same models. In terms of the computing resources required for a given calculation, the integral equation methods (cí'-XRISM and SH-RDT) are considerably less demanding and faster than computer simulations.


An analysis is presented of a thin cylindrical-rectangular microstrip patch antenna. After obtaining the electric field under the curved patch and the resonant frequencies using the cavity model, the far-field is found by considering the equivalent magnetic current radiating in the presence of a cylindrical surface. The input impedance and the total Q-factor are then calculated. Numerical and graphical results are presented to illustrate the effect of curvature on the characteristics of the TM/sub 10/ and TM/sub 01/ modes. >


On the basis of solar wind data from the WIND satellite, magnetic field data from GOES satellite and ground-based magnetic data the influence of secondary rarefaction wave on the geomagnetic field is examined. This secondary rarefaction wave is arising in the magnetosheath during the interaction of interplanetary shock wave with the bow shock-magnetopause system. The secondary rarefaction wave decreases the magnitude of the magnetic field during SSC.


Paleomagnetic results have been obtained from twenty-five sites in intrusive and extrusive units of Oligocene age from the Platoro cal dera, southwestern Colorado, All specimens from each site were subjected to af demagnetization, and the reliability of each site thereby determined Eighteen sites gave reliable results. Because six sites from the La Jara Canyon tuff appear to have become magnetized during the same small inter val of geologic time, their results were combined and their mean pole and direction used in the final calculations. The thirteen remaining reliable sites yielded a paleomagnetic pole at 8A.5°N and 306.5°E (o<= 12.9°, k = 11.2). Site-mean directions have an angular standard deviation of 18°, which is considerably greater than the dispersion predicted by models based on the present geomagnetic field but consistent v;ith results from Late Tertiary and Quaternary studies. Because site-mean directions and site poles both have Fisherian distribution, it is not possible to deter mine whether dipole wobble or random fluctuation caused by a changing non-dipole field could be the cause of the geomagnetic secular variation during the Oligocene; probably both contribute. Interpretations based on mid-Tertiary paleomagnetic poles are consistent with those derived from sea-floor magnetic anomaly patterns, and possibly indicate that some true polar wandering has occurred since the mid-Tertiary, Due to lack of resolution in potassium-argon dating, the polarity time-scale constructed from the Platoro caldera units can only be used as a guide for future paleomagnetic work and geological mapping in the area.


The p53 tumor suppressor plays key roles not only in preventing tumorigenesis, but also in combating cancer progression. Missense p53 mutants are commonly detected in cancers and their gain-of-functions (GOF) promote cancer progression. Wild-type p53 (wt-p53) protein is encoded from the TP53 gene, and serves as a guardian of genome integrity. p53 triggers transcription and expression of p53-responsive genes, including p21, Bax and Puma, thereby promoting cancer cell death and accordant cancer regression (Figure 1). GOF resulting from p53 mutant proteins that are encoded from TP53 missense mutations promotes cancer progression and causes emergent resistance to cancer chemotherapies [1] (Figure 1). Codons 175, 248, and 273 are referred to as mutation "hotspots", and missense mutations at these loci are prevalently and commonly detected in cancers of ovaries, colon and lungs [1]. Restoration of wt-p53 protein expression and function in conjunction with ablation of mutants thus holds great promise for devising efficacious anticancer therapies [2, 3]. Ceramides (Cer), which are sphingolipids, can act as cellular signals to induce cancer cells to apoptosis, proliferation-arrest or autophagy [4]. Recently, small Cer-RUB nanomicelles were identified as an agent for restoring p53 tumor suppression and overcoming drug resistance as well as cancer progression in ovarian cancer cells and tumors that carry p53 missense G248Q mutation [5]. Cer-RUB nanomicelles effectively delivered a C6-ceramide (C6-Cer; a synthetic Cer comprised of six carbons in the fatty acyl chain attached to sphingosine) into cells and into tissues when administered to mice. C6-Cer is more potent than physiological long-carbon chain ones (C12–24-Cers) for killing cancer cells. Exogenously delivered C6-Cer not only increases levels of endogenous Cers, but also displays greater potency in inducing cell death. C6-Cer is more slowly glucosylated (by glucosylceramide synthase, GCS), and may be converted more slowly to the corresponding sphingosine1-phosphate (S1P) by deacylation (ceramidases) followed by phosphorylation (sphingosine kinases) [5–7]. By exploiting these two prominent diversion pathways, metastatic cancers can suppress free Cer levels, and furthermore, mount resistance to anticancer drugs via elevated glucosylceramide and S1P [4, 7]. We adopted the natural and digestible glycoside rubusoside (RUB), rather than any of the synthetic polymers that are commonly exploited for the purpose (e.g., polyethylene glycol [PEG], polyethylenimine [PEI], poly[lactic-coglycolic acid] [PLGA], graphene oxide), to encapsulate C6-Cer and generate small uniform Cer-RUB nanomicelles (~32 nm). The nanomicelles exhibited greatly increased watersolubility vs. C6-Cer, unquestionably contributing to improved bioavailability to cells in culture and to tissues of mice. We did not detect any significant nonspecific toxicity of RUB in cell culture or animal studies, even at significantly higher concentrations or amounts than with the RUB-encapsulated Cer at the highest doses used. Pharmacokinetic studies further indicate Cer-RUB nanomicelles can effectively deliver C6-Cer into tumors and other tissues for various prospective therapeutic purposes, when administered intraperitoneally or orally [5, 8]. The Cer-RUB nanomicelles are much more effective than C6-Cer delivered alone in sensitizing cancer cells or tumors carrying p53 missense mutations to therapeutic agents, and display high potential to be developed as a selective treatment for p53-mutant cancers. Previous studies indicated that either exogenous C6-Cer provided or endogenous Cer generated by suppression of Cer glycosylation restored wt-p53 protein and p53-dependent Editorial


Effects of PEG on PVDF / hydrophilicity polymer blend membranes were studied.Polyethylene glycols(PEG) were added into PVDF/ Hydrophilicity Polymer(B) blend system.The content of PEG plays an important role in the structure and properties of the final membranes.By adding PEG,high-flux and big pore size porous membrane was obtained.When the content of PEG is 7.5%,the pure water flux,ratio of pore and mean pore size of blend membrane arrive at 1050 L/m2·h,73.0% and 0.19μm,respectively.Thus,the porous membrane with different pore size can be obtained by regulating the contents of PEG in PVDF/B blend solution.


Determining the root causes of persistent underrepresentation of different subpopulations in engineering remains a continued challenge. Because place‐based variation of resource distribution is not random and because school and community contexts influence high school outcomes, considering variation across those contexts should be paramount in broadening participation research.


The peristaltic flow of nanofluids is an emerging area of scientific research due to its vital industrial and medical applications. Herein, a model study is conducted to numerically investigate, the electroosmotically augmented peristaltic pumping of electrically conducting aqueous ionic nanofluid through an inclined asymmetric channel. The behavior of the model for various involved parameters is expressed through a set of graphs. The velocity profile gained a significant increment for Joule heating and electroosmotic velocity parameters. The velocity dropped for the Hartmann number, while a dual behavior is noted for the thermal Grashof number. However, the magnetic number enhances the temperature, while a lower temperature is perceived for the electroosmotic velocity and Debye length parameters. The streamline pattern for the fluid flow subject to multiple values of the electroosmotic velocity parameter can be seen to indicate that for negative values of the parameter, a larger number of streamlines are circulated compared to the case when the electric field is absent, that is, UHS=0${U_{HS}} = \;0$ . However, in the case of an opposing electric field, that is, for the positive values of the parameter, the streamline bolus occurs across the centerline of the channel.


An indirect measurement of the average concentration of hemoglobin per reticulocyte in a biological specimen, calculated as the ratio of hemoglobin to hematocrit.


Aim: To compare the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and effective dose at low dose (80-100 kV) contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) to conventional contrast-enhanced CT (120 kV) in the assessment of the therapeutic outcome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated by thermal ablation and/ or trans-arterial chemo-embolization (TACE). Materials and methods: Twenty-one cirrhotic patients (15 male and 6 female, 71 years ± 15) with HCC(s) were referred to contrast-enhanced CT to assess therapeutic outcome after thermal ablation (n=7) or TACE (n=7) or thermal ablation and TACE (n=7). CT examination was performed at 120 kV after 370 mgI/ mL contrast injection (120 kV-370 mgI/mL) before treatment, 100 kV after 370 mgI/mL contrast injection (100 kV-370 mgI/mL) at 3 months and 100 kV after 400 mgI/mL contrast injection (100 kV-400 mgI/mL) 6 months after treatment, and 80 kV after 400 mgI/mL contrast injection (100 kV-400 mgI/mL) at 12, 18 and 24 months after treatment. The SNR was calculated by drawing a region-of-interest in hepatic parenchyma and abdominal fat. Results: 120 kV-370 mgI/mL vs . 100 kV-370 mgI/mL vs . 100 kV-400 mgI/mL vs . 80 kV-400 mgI/mL did not differ in SNR (3.4 ± 1.2 vs . 2.9 ± 1.11 vs . 2.9 ± 0.5 vs . 2.2 ± 1; ANOVA test, P=0.41) while differed in effective dose (27.9 ± 8.1 vs . 17.2 ± 4.6 vs . 19.2 ± 5.2 vs . 14 ± 5.8 mSv; ANOVA test, P=0.002). Conclusion: Contrast-enhanced CT at 80-100 KV after high concentration iodinated contrast media injection does not reduce SNR but provides a significant reduction in the effective dose in cirrhotic patients undergoing follow-up after thermal ablation and/or TACE.


The effect of alkylglycerol supplementation on protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated signaling events has been studied in fibroblasts from Zellweger patients (SF 3271 cells). Western blotting analysis established that Zellweger fibroblasts express PKC α, , and . Incubation with bradykinin induced a rapid transient translocation of PKC α and a more sustained translocation of PKC to the particulate fraction; translocation of PKC was unaffected. Bradykinin-induced translocation and activation of PKC α, but not translocation of PKC , was blocked in SF 3271 cells which had been incubated with 1-O-hexadecylglycerol (1-O-HDG; 20 μg/ml) for 24 h and then incubated in the absence of 1-O-HDG and serum for a further 24 h. Supplementation with 1-O-HDG increased the mass of ether-linked phospholipid. Bradykinin initiated a transient increase in cytosolic Ca concentration in both control and 1-O-HDG supplemented cells, indicating that the initial receptor linked events were not affected by 1-O-HDG supplementation. Bradykinin also caused a rapid activation of phospholipase D (PLD), measured by phosphatidylbutanol accumulation, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) determined by myelin basic protein phosphorylation of Mono Q fractions. Both events were blocked by preincubation of the cells with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate for 24 h to deplete PKC protein. 1-O-HDG supplementation prevented the bradykinin-induced activation of PLD, but had no effect on the stimulation of MAPK activity. These results establish that modulation of the ether lipid composition of membranes can alter PKC isozyme translocation and indicate that a PKC isozyme other than PKC α, most likely PKC , is involved in MAPK activation.


The present invention relates to a monitoring apparatus(101) for monitoring an ablation procedure. The monitoring apparatus (101) comprises an ultrasound signal providing unit for providing an ultrasound signal that depends on received echo series of an object (4) that is ablated. The monitoring apparatus (101) further comprises an ablation depth determination unit (103) for determining an ablation depth from the provided ultrasound signal. The ablation depth can be determined directly from the ultrasound signal and is an important parameter while performing an ablation procedure. For example, it can be used for determining the progress of ablation within the object (4) and for determining when the ablation has reached a desired progression.


Aboriginal Studies has now been a part of the South Australian curriculum for many years and most of the writing about teaching Aboriginal Studies has focused on appropriate content and pedagogues with little critical appraisal of the actual implementation of Aboriginal Studies curricula. A research project carried out in an inner city Adelaide secondary school suggests that it is crucial for those of us engaged in the teaching of Aboriginal Studies and Aboriginal students, to turn attention to the taken-for-granted presuppositions and ideologies that inform teacher understandings and practices in Aboriginal Studies.


ultiple intraluminal impedance studies (MII) combined with pH measurement (pH-MII) have replaced single M pH-metry as a diagnostic tool to evaluate retrograde bolus movements in the esophagus of children of all age groups (1). After many years of scientific work with prototypes, the equipment has been commercialized and is now readily available for clinical use. Because of the high information density resulting from a 24-hour recording, typically including 6 impedance channels and 1 pH channel, analysis time is still a major issue in clinical routine (2). The automated analysis tools accompanying the recording software are under systematic validation, which will be completed shortly. One major task of the working groups, the German (G-PIG) and European Pediatric Impedance Group (Euro-PIG), is to define normal values for pediatric pH-MII studies, because data from the adult studies (3) cannot be readily transferred to children. This work, too, is well under way. Until its completion, the scientific analysis must be based on a rather time-consuming accurate manual-visual data analysis. With normal values lacking to date, study methodology must rely on crossover design or before-after intervention trials (4). In the past decades many symptom-association as well as intervention studies using different therapeutic options for gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in children have been performed, with the vast majority of them using pH monitoring only as an outcome measure. This method has been shown to be insufficient because pH measurement is not able to detect retrograde bolus movement in the pH range above 4, and is therefore the wrong physiological denominator for these studies. With the advent of pH-MII, part of these studies has been newly performed using the combination of intraesophageal impedance and pH. This has delivered new and totally different results and insights into the influence of GER on symptoms, and the influence and outcome of therapies on acid and nonacid GER (4–7). The article by Rosen et al (8) in this issue of the Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition reevaluates 1 of the therapeutic options in the stepwise approach to GER in children, fundoplication, with the use of pH-MII. They used a retrospective data collection and analysis of children who underwent pH-MII testing, a fundoplication from which at least some follow-up data were available, and aimed to statistically determine outcome parameters. As they state, there is yet little data available from children with GER after fundoplication using the new combined


Stem cells derived from pluripotent cells offer the hope of new treatments for diseases for which current therapy is inadequate. Clinical trials are essential in developing effective and safe stem cell therapies and fulfilling this promise. However, such clinical trials raise ethical issues that are more complex than those raised in clinical trials using drugs, cord blood stem cells, or adult stem cells. Several clinical trials are now being carried out with stem cells derived from pluripotent cells, and many more can be expected in light of the rapid scientific progress in the field. Degenerative neurological diseases are desirable targets for stem cell clinical trials. The FDA has approved Phase 1 clinical trials of neural stem cell transplantation for Batten Disease, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease, and spinal cord injury. In Parkinson Disease (PD), stem cell transplantation could correct the primary pathophysiological defect — inadequate levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Current treatment is unsatisfactory in late-stage PD.


All business organizations in the 21st century are faced with the question of how to use a variety of business models and strategies to find a solution for some of their problems and improve their business. To achieve enterprise efficiency it is necessary to motivate employees, and the great influence, even critical can have managerial morale. This paper talks about the impact of managerial had the motivation of employees. Of course it is necessary to give models that will help managers and employees in the company to achieve greater efficiency in the company. The management should affect employee motivation and the motivation of employees depends on the efficient operation of an enterprise. The job market is looking for future employees who have self-awareness, self-confidence, self-control, they are dedicated and honest, but the first to have the will to be part of the company and help companies to operate efficiently. Employee motivation can not be maintained without managerial should (or should and mutual employees) which is still the foundation of not only efficient business operations, but also the overall development and survival of the company.


Considering the fact that memristors have the characteristics similar to biological synapses, a fractional-order multistable memristor is proposed in this paper. It is verified that the fractional-order memristor has multiple local active regions and multiple stable hysteresis loops, and the influence of fractional-order on its nonvolatility is also revealed. Then by considering the fractional-order memristor as an autapse of Hindmarsh–Rose (HR) neuron model, a fractional-order memristive neuron model is developed. The effects of the initial value, external excitation current, coupling strength and fractional-order on the firing behavior are discussed by time series, phase diagram, Lyapunov exponent and inter spike interval (ISI) bifurcation diagram. Three coexisting firing patterns, including irregular asymptotically periodic (A-periodic) bursting, A-periodic bursting and chaotic bursting, dependent on the memristor initial values, are observed. It is also revealed that the fractional-order can not only induce the transition of firing patterns, but also change the firing frequency of the neuron. Finally, a neuron circuit with variable fractional-order is designed to verify the numerical simulations.


Traditional scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) imaging experiments record only a few values per probe position, integrating a wide range of scattered electron momenta. However, the introduction of high-speed direct electron detectors allows us to record a full image (2D data) of the diffracted electron probe scanned over the sample (2D grid of positions), producing a four-dimensional measurement [1]. An example four dimensional-STEM (4D-STEM) experiment is shown in Figure 1 for a complex sample. Figure 1 also shows various measurements which we can extract from a 4D-STEM experiment, including virtual detector imaging, differential phase contrast or ptychography, structure classification, local sample strain, and more. However, these datasets can contain thousands or even millions of diffraction patterns, requiring efficient storage and processing software codes. To aid with 4D-STEM analysis, we have developed the open source py4DSTEM code [2]. Recently, we have expanded this code to include automated crystal orientation mapping (ACOM) [3]. This analysis allows us to determine the local phase and orientation of a crystalline sample. Figure 1 shows an ACOM example for a twisted AuAgPd nanowire sample, which includes challenging diffraction patterns such as multiple grains overlapping along the beam direction, and thick non-kinematical scattering.


SUMMARY The finite element method is developed to solve the problem of wave run-up on a mild, plane slope. A novel approach to implementing a deforming mesh of one-dimensional, three-node, isoparametric elements is described and demonstrated. The discrete time interval (DTI), arbitrary Lagrangian‐Eulerian (ALE) and space‐ time element (STE) methods are used to solve the unsteady one-dimensional shallow water wave equations. The boundary condition required is simply the seaward water surface elevation, and although the method has only been tested for monochromatic waves, it should be equally valid for any sea state which can be described as a water surface elevation as a function of time. All three solution methods are shown to given good results. Time histories of the terms of the governing equations are calculated and used to demonstrate how the ALE and STE methods account for mesh deformation. The model could be extended to two dimensions, which would have practical application to the run-up of obliquely incident waves. # 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Water pollution due to the discharge of untreated effluents increases every day. The technologies available at present are either ineffective for wide variety of pollutants or the operational cost is high. Search of a technology which can overcome these limitations is highly warranted in the present context. Adsorption using activated materials is a convincing technology, but the precursor for the preparation of activated carbon should be renewable, low cost and should have superior surface characteristics. In this analysis high surface activated carbon fibers were synthesized from silk cotton (widely available and renewable low cost material). Two stage microwave synthesis produces a carbon fiber with surface area of 1041.08 m/g and a total pore volume of 0.4944 cm/g. The microwave synthesis gives a carbon fiber with excellent porosity and produces rose flower like activated carbon as shown in the SEM images. FTIR spectroscopic studies substantiates that microwave heating is very effective for the removal of surface functionalities and there by makes a universal adsorbent fiber.


There are epiphyte lichens of some cenoses in Krasnosamarsky forest, unique forest in Zavolzye steppes. A check-list for the lichens with their covering and occurrences in different phytocenoses was given. Influence ecological factors on growing lichens was proved.


Objective:To discuss the effect of combine traditional Chinese and dialectical nursing on PCI postoperative chest pain of coronary artery disease.Method:156 patients with PCI postoperative chest pain of coronary artery disease were selected from July 2008 to August 2008 in our hospital, according to the random distribution, all patients were divided into the dialectical group and the conventional group, two groups of patients were given conventional drugs based nursing, health education, the dialectical group of patients on the basis of the given Chinese medicine dialectical nursing, two groups of patients after nursing clinical symptoms and follow the improvement of the medical situation were analyzed, as well as the application of self-evaluation of Zung's anxiety scale(SAS) rating anxiety condition.Result:The dialectical group of patients with angina pectoris treatment of total effective rate was significantly higher than the conventional group,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05). The dialectical group of patients with angina pectoris treatment of total compliance rate was significantly higher than the conventional group(P0.05). The dialectical group after treatment in patients with SAS scores, the length of time patients were significantly lower than the conventional group, the former nursing satisfaction was significantly higher than the latter(P0.05).Conclusion:Combine traditional Chinese and dialectical nursing can effectively improve the effect of PCI postoperative chest pain in patients with coronary heart disease angina pectoris treatment, improve the patients according to the medical situation and anxiety, shorten in-hospital time and improve the degree of satisfaction, it's worth for further clinical promotion.


Although they have long been considered inert in organic synthesis, silver catalysts started to emerge in the literature since the early 2000s and have now become a powerful tool for synthetic chemistry. This lagging in silver-catalysis could be attributed mainly to the distinct reactivity profiles arising from the unique electronic and geometrical features of silver catalysts as compared to other transition metal catalysts. Silver catalysts have not only behaved as soft π-Lewis acids for catalyzing the reaction of alkynes, alkene, and allenes to other π-acid catalysts (e.g., Cu, Au, Pt, Pd, Rh, Sc, etc), but also provided different reaction pathways. Complete switches of reaction products have been achieved by resulting to silver catalysts over other transition-metal catalysts or by fine-tuning the silver-ligand ratio, ligand libraries, counterions or the coordination geometry of the silver catalyst itself. In recent years, research advances of silver catalysis towards green and sustainable technology for the valorization of biomass and energy conversion have been rapidly achieved. As a result, silver-catalyzed reactions are routinely utilized by industry to make a variety of value-added products, thanks to the special features of silver catalysts, such as non-toxic, less expensive than other noble transition metals, biocompatible, behaving like protons, and stable under ambient conditions. Given the large number and variety of chemical transformations that are mediated by silver, from organic synthesis to material science applications, a Special Collection on such a topic may be very ambitious. This Special Collection was launched mainly to provide a forum to discuss the recent advances in the silver-catalyzed reactions and exchange ideas on challenges and future developments in silver catalysis, including the step-economical preparation of value-added products, biomass valorization and energy conversion by using such catalysis. This Special Collection encompasses 10 contributions from world-renowned research groups, including two Reviews, one Minireview, one Communication and six Full Papers. Song and Li reviewed the recent advances in silvermediated intermolecular radical difunctionalizations of alkenes for the construction of C–C or C–X bonds leading to various cyclic and complex linear molecules. Another Review by Anilkumar exclusively summarized various methods for the synthesis of six-membered heterocyclic scaffolds using silver as a superlative catalyst. The mechanism discussed in this review involves the initial coordination of silver to the substrate, followed by a 6-endo-dig cyclization, to give the products. A Minireview by Jiang, Wu and coworker provided insights on the silver-catalyzed reactions of electronically unbiased alkenes and alkynes, including the hydrofunctionalization, difunctionalization, cross-coupling and cyclization reactions. Ma's team established the AgOTf-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition of 4-diazomethylcoumarins with readily accessible aryldiazonium salts under basic conditions, which afforded a wide variety of coumarin-decorated tetrazoles in good yields with excellent regioselectivities. Schaub and coworkers reported the discovery that a lipophilic catalytic system derived from hydrophobic phosphine ligands and long-chain silver(I) carboxylate salts are efficient catalysts for the carboxylative cyclization of propargylic alcohol. Notably, this method allows the facile liquid-liquid phase separation of homogeneous catalysts from the exo-vinylene carbonate products. Bao and Zhang's group described an allylative carboamination of arylalkenes with allylic alcohols and nitriles under the cooperative catalysis of Cu, Ag and Brønsted acid, providing Nacyl-4,5-unsaturated amines in high yields with excellent regioand chemoselectivities. He and coworkers demonstrated that reduced graphene oxide supported Ag nanoparticles are highly active and stable heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of alkylidene carbonates from CO2 under atmospheric pressure. [10]


Media coverage analysis of the four most important federal laws is carried out. These legislative initiatives — «The law on the protection of children», «Lugovoi's law», «Russian SOPA» and the «Blogger law» — regulate legal relations in the Russian segment of the Internet. The research shows that Russian and foreign media reaction to these laws is sharply negative and quite similar. The author assumes that there are various reasons for this


Although a true prisoner's dilemma is probably not a common situation in international politics, many situations are in fact related or take the form of a prisoner's dilemma. Through theoretical assessment, the study demonstrates the importance of cooperation and explores the possibilities of game-theoretic approaches, mainly Axelrod's evolutionary approach to cooperation. The robustness of reciprocity is then explored through illustrating the different strategies of reciprocity and how such strategies are used. The study has described how attaining cooperation is addressed by different theoretical schools of international relations. Among them, we have examined neoliberal notions on cooperation, with an emphasis on the possibility of mutual gains through compromises and arrangements suggesting an optimistic picture of cooperation, and examined Axelrod's use of the game analogy to assess the evolution of cooperatbn. Axelrods evolutionary approach to cooperation was based on three fundamental predispositions: (1) cooperation can get started even in a world of unconditional defection, given that interaction is iterated and cooperation is based on reciprocity; (2) strategy based on reciprocity can thrive in a world where many different kinds of strategies are being tried; and (3) cooperation, once established on the basis of reciprocity can protect itself from invasion by less cooperative strategies. His analyses on the propositions were based on a reciprocal strategy of tit-for-tat and illustrated the dynamics of reciprocity in a mixed-interest game. On reciprocity, Axelrod offers two pieces of advice; (1) teach people to care about each other; and (2) teach reciprocity. In order to broaden further understanding of cooperation m international relations, it will be necessary to study the denotations on these two advices.


Debris flows are dangerous natural hazards that occur mainly in mountainous terrains after heavy rainfall, responsible for casualties and damages reported yearly worldwide. Their heterogeneous composition, with a viscoplastic fluid and the presence of a relevant granular solid phase, leads to a non-trivial behaviour making them a challenging problem both for the physical description of the phenomena and for the design of effective protection measures. A numerical model is developed, fully coupling the two phases. A Discrete Element approach is used for the description of the solid phase, with a realistic particle size distribution, while the fluid phase is solved with a Lattice-Boltzmann Method. The effect of shape on the rolling mechanism is included with a simplified model, as well as the effects of non-Newtonian rheology and the presence of a free surface. The numerical results provide insight into complex segregation, transportation and sedimentation phenomena, essential for understanding and predicting the run-out mechanism of debris avalanches and their interaction with obstacles and retaining structures.


For raditional break-variable detecting method is easy to be influenced by grid frequency and its improved algorithm is hard to meet the relay speed requirements,the paper proposes a kind of new adaptive area break-variable algorithm.The algorithm takes the difference of current integral in each half cycle as the criteria to judge whether the break-variable occurred.Its sampling frequency could track the that of power system adaptively and the area width could be adjusted with the current amplitude adaptively.The line protection device based on this algorithm has passed the dynamic simulation examination in National Relay Protection and Automation Equipment Quality Supervision and Inspection Center.The experiment shows that the starting element can make fast action when break-variable occurred.It is better in interference ability,high in reliability and could detect break-variable rapidly and accurately.The experiment result shows that the algorithm is feasible and reasonable.


the patient underwent excision of the tumour under general anesthesia with tracheal intubation. No problems occurred during visualization of laryngeal opening and tracheal intubation. The operation was with minimal blood loss and a 6 cm by 4 cm by 4 cm, smooth, hypovascular mass was removed. Following tracheal extubation, airway obstruction occurred in the immediate postoperative period and the severity of stridor continued to increase. Direct laryngoscopy revealed bilaterally moving vocal cords and no edema or injury around glottis. The patient was managed with tracheal re-intubation and supported ventilation. Extubation was again tried after 12 hr with no further airway problem. Lateral x-ray of neck after extubation demonstrated normally placed trachea. The postoperative airway obstruction was probably due to tracheal angulation and realignment in the vacant space created by excision of the tumour. With time, the space filled with serous exudate and realigned tissues, but it could not be anticipated or demonstrated with the tracheal tube in situ. Prabhat Tewari MD Chandra Kant Pandey MD Isha Tyagi MS (ENT Surgery) Lucknow, India


Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) is used to track a dense non–aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) injection in a laboratory sand tank. Before modeling, the GPR data provide a qualitative image of DNAPL saturation and movement. One‐dimensional (1D) GPR modeling provides a quantitative interpretation of DNAPL volume within a given thickness during and after the injection. DNAPL saturation in sublayers of a specified thickness could not be quantified because calibration of the 1D GPR model is nonunique when both permittivity and depth of multiple layers are unknown. One‐dimensional GPR modeling of the sand tank indicates geometric interferences in a small portion of the tank. These influences are removed from the interpretation using an alternate matching target. Two‐dimensional (2D) GPR modeling provides a qualitative interpretation of the DNAPL distribution through pattern matching and tests for possible 2D influences that are not accounted for in the 1D GPR modeling. Accurate quantitative interpretation of DNAPL volumes using GPR modeling requires (1) identification of a suitable target that produces a strong reflection and is not subject to any geometric interference; (2) knowledge of the exact depth of that target; and (3) use of two‐way radar‐wave travel times through the medium to the target to determine the permittivity of the intervening material, which eliminates reliance on signal amplitude. With geologic conditions that are suitable for GPR surveys (i.e., shallow depths, low electrical conductivities, and a known reflective target), the procedures in this laboratory study can be adapted to a field site to delineate shallow DNAPL source zones.


Going out

Decide your limit

 If you're out for the night, decide on a limit of how much you plan to drink and stick to it.
 Avoid rounds
 Round-buying often means you drink more than you want. Skip some rounds by drinking mo...


This article focuses on the improvement of correctional education as a fundamental solution to the problem of increasing juvenile delinquency. The...


Germplasm Evaluation is an integral component of Plant Genetic Resources Management. Before utilization, it is of utmost importance that the germplasm is properly characterized, evaluated and documented to have its exact identification. Since there a component of GXE interaction, it is always desired that the germplasm be evaluated to identify stable and regional specific genotypes for their proper utilization. To improve the existing methodology of germplasm evaluation, new techniques are needed to be used. Cluster ensemble enables the maximum utilization of germplasm evaluation in refined manner. For implementation of this technique, there is a need for implementation of cluster ensemble algorithm for generation of core set. The existing methods utilized for germplasm evaluation are hierarchical and non-hierarchical traditional clustering algorithms. The clustering is judged by the quality. The quality of clustering can be improved by utilizing the cluster ensemble methods. Cluster Ensemble process (technique) generates clustering which gives better results as compared to all the traditional clustering algorithm. RCDA algorithm runs on chickpea germplasm dataset and critical evaluation shows that RCDA cluster ensemble algorithm improved to a great extent as compared to traditional clustering algorithm.


If all special-needs infants, young children, and their families are to receive appropriate early-intervention services, the federal role in supplying such services will have to be expanded. Handicapped infants and young children are not receiving the services that they need to reach their intellectual, physical, and emotional potential. The benefits of early intervention and the state of the art nationwide for services to special-needs children from birth to age six are described. An expanded federal role is recommended to encourage state programs including a phased-in mandate for services. Specific provisions of a federal mandate are recommended and discussed, including extension of P.L. 94–142 to birth, state education agency responsibility, expansion of the definition of "handicapped children" to encompass high-risk and at-risk children from birth to six years, and innovative fiscal and administrative arrangements for services.


This case report describes a man with untreated HIV infection who presented with Kaposi sarcoma caruncular lesions that resolved completely with medical treatment.


Polycyclic musks (PCMs) are important synthetic fragrances widely used in personal care products. Due to their continuous release into the environment and bioaccumulation, environmental behaviors of PCMs are similar to persistent organic pollutants. PCMs are new emerging pollutants and have attracted remarkable attention due to their ubiquitous distribution in the environment. In this paper, the characteristics, pollution sources, analytical methods and pollution status of PCMs are described. Then the degradation, transformation and bioaccumulation are summarized. Toxicological effects such as acute toxicity, subchronic toxicity, endocrine disrutpting toxicity and other potential toxic effects are also introduced. Finally, the existing problems and future research directions are proposed. In the future, standard analytical methods should be established to systematically understand pollution situation, migration and transformation law, and metabolic pathways of PCMs. The impacts of PCMs exposure pathways on bioavailability should also be investigated to assess potential risks. In addition, studies are also needed to explore single and combined toxic effects of PCMs at long-term low-dose exposure in vivo assay.


In a bribery experiment, we test the hypothesis that distributive fairness considerations make relatively well-paid public officials less corruptible. Corrupt decisions impose damages to workers whose wage is varied in two treatments. However, there is no apparent difference in behaviour.


The thermal effects on an n‐type GaAs (001) surface prepared by deoxygenated and de‐ionized water (DODIW) treatment are investigated by synchrotron‐radiation photoelectron spectroscopy (SRPES) in the temperature range from room temperature (RT) to 500 °C. SRPES confirms there are no oxides. There is, however, excess elemental arsenic and/or hydrogenated arsenic on the surface before heating, which evaporates when heated in a high vacuum. SRPES also shows that the surface Fermi level lies almost 0.9 eV above the maximum of valence band before heating, and moves toward the midgap during heating. After cooling to RT, it returns to the near‐flat band position (1.0 eV). These experimental results suggest that DODIW‐treated GaAs (001) surface can attain a low‐density surface state.


The Smart campus is a new idea in the development of information technology, being a combination of the Cloud Computing, the Internet of Things and other emergent technologies. This paper presents the result of our research efforts to find the best solutions for the development of a smart campus, which also guarantees data security with a special focus on data confidentiality. Our solution proposes 5 levels of security for the cloud security architecture; it provides a high level of security, as well as high data confidentiality — the essential backbone for a truly smart campus development.


A constructive method for building the T-S fuzzy system to approximate a given multi-variable nonlinear function is yet to be found. In either case of g(X) ∈ C2 or g(X) ∈/ C2, this paper proposes a convenient method for building a T-S fuzzy system and gives a loose sufficient condition of its approximation ability, when the fuzzy sets are uniformly distributed, continuous and normalized. A simulation example is given to show the correctness and effectiveness of the method.


In this paper we consider the problem of controlling multiple robots manipulating and transporting a payload in three dimensions via cables. We develop robot configurations that ensure static equil...


A superconducting dipole magnet was installed in the Fermilab primary beam line. Targets were inserted in the proton beam upstream of the magnet and measurements made of the energy deposition within the magnet sufficient to cause quenching. The quench levels were 25 mW/g for 1 sec beam spill and 1 mJ/g for a spill of 1 msec or less. In comparison, the energy deposition at the extraction septum was 0.6 mJ/g. I. INTRODUCTION A most important consideration in the design of superconducting magnets for application in high energy physics is the energy deposition due to ionizing radiation. The resulting temperature rise in the superconducting material may cause the magnets to quench. The cryogenic system may require a higher refrigeration capability. Radiation damage to the wire composite may degrade the conductor properties. Measurements of the beam "spray" sufficient to induce quenches are reported here. A summar of previous observations is given by Danby Y . into three categories: (a) measurements of the beam intensity and target thickness at the quench level as a function of magnet current for a number of experimental situations, (b) calibration of the energy deposition in the magnet coils with the aid of a calorimeter and (c) comparison of the energy deposition at quench to that experienced by.materials in the immediate neighborhood of the extraction septum. The investigations presented here fall


This paper introduces a novel kinematically redundant five-degree-of-freedom (DOF) parallel mechanism (PM) which can be fully gravity balanced. The kinematic redundancy can be used to generate large rotational workspace or perform auxiliary grasping task. The grasping task is selected as an example to be investigated in this work. Firstly, description of structure and principle of gravity balancing are introduced. Secondly, closed-form inverse and forward kinematic models are presented in detail. Thirdly, an example trajectory that includes the auxiliary grasping task is demonstrated using a commercially available multi-body dynamic simulator. Analysis results show that the proposed PM has quite a few potential applications.


The object segmentation algorithm from the background could be used for object recognition and tracking, and many applications. To segment objects, this paper proposes a method that refer to several initial frames with real-time processing at fixed camera. First we suggest the probability model to segment object and background and we enhance the performance of algorithm analyzing the color consistency and focus characteristic of camera for several initial frames. We compensate the segmentation result by using human skeleton characteristic among extracted objects. Last the proposed method has the applicability for various mobile application as we minimize computing complexity for real-time video processing.


Survival strategy is a response of someone or household in dealing with
difficult condition, by doing various activities or choices taken to meet household
basic need for keeping household life, particularly one with lower economic level.
This research was intended to study deeply survival strategy of female head of
household in keeping household life and to study social economic factors related to
survival strategy of female head of household in keeping household life.
It used survey method with structured interview technique using
questionnaire and field observation. Sample was determined with random
sampling. The research was conducted in Negeri Hila Leihitu district Maluku
Tengah regency with total sample of 160 household. Analysis was done
qualitatively and quantitatively (cross table, frequency table and Chi-square).
The result indicated that (1) survival strategy developed by female head of
household is use of household resource and occupation diversification to keep
family life. Social economic factors relating to survival strategy is amount of
household member, education level and income level.


Popular sovereignty translated as unfettered constitutional-amendment power – Weakness of constituent power as justification for unfettered amendability – Alternative concept of sovereignty as unaccountability of constituted power – Popular sovereignty as unaccountability of the referendum verdict – Sovereignty emerging at end-point, not inception of constitutional-amendment process


Flow and transport processes in domains composed of a porous medium and an adjacent freeow region appear in a wide range of industrial, medical and environmental applications. One fundamental example is the evaporation from unsaturated soil under the in uence of atmospheric processes. In a preliminary work [1,3], Stokes ow and isothermal conditions have been applied to simulate these evaporation processes. However, there is a discrepancy between the simulated evaporation rates and rates which have been measured in laboratory experiments. The main goal of this thesis is to extend the given model to turbulent conditions. For this purpose averaged turbulence models, using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations [4] are reviewed and discussed. Suitable algebraic turbulence model concepts are implemented in the existing DuMuX modelling framework [2].


The XRT is a sensitive, autonomous X-ray imaging spectrometer onboard the Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Observatory. The unique observing capabilities of the XRT allow it to autonomously refine the Swift BAT positions (~1-4' uncertainty) to better than 2.5 arcsec in XRT detector coordinates, within 5 seconds of target acquisition by the Swift Observatory for typical bursts, and to measure the flux, spectrum, and light curve of GRBs and afterglows over a wide dynamic range covering more than seven orders of magnitude in flux (62 Crab to < 1 mCrab). The results of the rapid positioning capability of the XRT are presented here for both known sources and newly discovered GRBs, demonstrating the ability to automatically utilise one of two integration times according to the burst brightness, and to correct the position for alignment offsets caused by the fast pointing performance and variable thermal environment of the satellite as measured by the Telescope Alignment Monitor. The onboard results are compared to the positions obtained by groundbased follow-up. After obtaining the position, the XRT switches between four CCD readout modes, automatically optimising the scientific return from the source depending on the flux of the GRB. Typical data products are presented here.


CLT is a fundamental theory. However, its proof, in its simplest form (moment-based one or characteristicfunction-based one), has been out of fashion, since it tells us so little about Xn. But anyway, let's write down the theorem at first. Theorem 3 (Lindeberg-Levy CLT). Given X1, X2, . . . , Xn i.i.d. ∼ F with EFX = μ and EF (X − μ) = σ < ∞. Then we have √ n(Xn − μ) d → N(0, σ), or in other words, for arbitrary x ∈ R,


This work project investigates career paths in the music field, by testing the application of general career and social theories for musicians. Using a sample from the European Union Youth Orchestra' Alumni, the Boundaryless Career Theory, Intelligent Career Framework and Social Identity Theory were analysed through the impact on individual outcomes musicians' Overall work satisfaction and Affective commitment to the orchestra. Results suggest support for the three theories, and show their applicability for classical musicians' careers.


The invention discloses an elevator which comprises a weighing unit, a next-stopping command unit, a control unit, a drive unit, a brake, a lifting unit, a generator motor and a storage battery. The control unit controls the drive unit and the brake to act and controls the lifting unit to operate at a reasonable speed according to information fed back by the weighing unit and the next-stopping command unit. The control unit comprises a master control unit and an auxiliary control unit, the drive unit comprises a tractor driving unit and a driving unit used for driving the combination of an automatic gearbox and a winch type lifting mechanism, and the lifting unit comprises an elevator lift car, a counter weight and a balance weight. When a power grid is in outage, the auxiliary control unit controls the elevator to operate. When the elevator slides down, the master control unit or the auxiliary control unit quickly starts a brake force compensation device and controls the automatic gearbox to act to increase torque reaction of the balance weight, and the lift car is maintained near a door area. The invention further discloses a control method of the elevator.


The Harvard International Seminar on the Atlantic World always listed its end point as 1825, but the two books reviewed here, one a monograph and the other a collection of essays, undermine the ide...


IN A TRANSFORMER CORTAFASE WITH POWER SUPPLY, comprising an adjustment device, disposed downstream (A, E) and a transmission device controlled with opposite phase (U, E, R) where the transmitting device CONNECTS WILLING TO DEVICE AND ADJUSTING DOWN BESIDE THE CIRCUIT CORTAFASE (SA, SB) shows a transmission unit (UEH) and for a DC voltage output (EJ.VA1) and a circuit voltage tap continues, FORM transmission unit (U, EH) through a transformer SAVINGS (STV).


An apparatus includes a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device configured as part of an oscillator. The MEMS device includes a mass suspended from a substrate of the MEMS, a first electrode configured to provide a first signal based on a displacement of the mass, and a second electrode configured to receive a second signal based on the first signal. The apparatus includes an amplifier coupled to the first electrode and a first node. The amplifier is configured to generate an output signal, the output signal being based on the first signal and a first gain. The apparatus includes an attenuator configured to attenuate the output signal based on a second gain and provide as the second signal an attenuated version of the output signal.


This research project focused on the "best practices" of successful collaborations, as well as why these collaborations are beneficial for victims of violence against women. Domestic violence is a social problem that must be addressed by a coordinated community response rather than by single advocacy groups, such as women's shelters, or changes in criminal justice laws and enforcement (Chalk & King, 1998). Ten community collaborative partners within a rural Midwestern county were interviewed on their collaborative relationships with other community partners. The surveyed population is a non-random purposive sample design in that a specific population was sought out in relation to the research question. The questions through the qualitative interview seek to discover what the community partners found beneficial in successful collaborations, or, "best practices" from their perspective. Ad hoc methods, through noting patterns, themes, and clustering were used to analyze these data sets. Results indicated 9 key research themes that were determined to be "best practices". It is recommended that 2


The effect of ion bombardment with Ar + at the energy E=2.5 keV on HfO 2 /Si and ZrO 2 /Si interfaces has been investigated in situ with XPS by growing thin metal oxide layers and further ion etching them. It is shown that a silicide layer ∼2 nm in thickness is forming, and Ar + ion beam affects MeO 2 /Si (Me=Hf, Zr) interface at thickness ≤3 nm. Ex situ AFM/STM corroborates the formation of silicide layer at metal oxide/silicon interface.


Studying pervasive games is inherently difficult and different from studying computer or board games. This article builds upon the experiences of staging and studying several playful pervasive technology prototypes. It discusses the challenges and pitfalls of evaluating pervasive game prototypes and charts methods that have proven useful in previous research. The aim is to open discussion on the situated methodology of qualitative study of evaluating and researching pervasive play.


Static stability of a multi-directional electric forklift exerts directl effects on the working quality,efficiency and safety of a forklift.By analyzing forces on a single tyre and adhesive performance on whole forklift,a relation of adhesive coefficients to sliding direction is set up,rub coefficients and adhesive limit are analyzed,a relation of multi-directional electrical forklift static stability to its adhesive performance is set up,a method judging un-stability of a multi-directional electrical forklift with a static regional figure is advanced in the paper,the mutual relation and effect is studied by an example,which proves a basic of improving design,increasing static stability and making better performance of the electric fork-lift.


Individuals with weak or paralyzed hip abductors may make use of two methods to reduce pathological gait kinematics as a result of their disability; reducing the need for the hip abductors or developing an equivalent torque on the body. Compensatory motions such as torso tilting or hip hiking "balance" the body reducing the need for the torque that would be developed by the hip abductors. A contralateral crutch develops a body torque that is equivalent to that developed by the hip abductors. Individuals with weak or paralyzed hip abductors intuitively adopt a wide crutch stance, contrary to the prescribed method where the crutches are vertical in the frontal plane. Using a wide stance angle in the frontal plane is hypothesized to improve gait with weak or paralyzed hip abductors more so than when using crutches in the traditional manner. Crutches develop a torque on the body that is equivalent to what would be developed by the hip abductors while standing still. A wide stance angle increases the moment arm that the crutch force acts through while standing still, increasing the torque developed, potentially increasing the positive effect of the crutch which may reduce the need for compensatory motions. However, a similar effect has not been characterized during gait.The hypothesis is that a wide crutch stance angle improves a gait with paralyzed hip abductors more so than a crutch used vertically in the frontal plane. The assumption is that this is accomplished by decreasing energy expenditure and/or reducing the need for compensatory motions more so than a crutch used vertically in the frontal plane. A three-dimensional dynamic model is used to test the hypothesis. The model predicts that excessive pelvis depression and decreased pelvic rotation result when the hip abductors are paralyzed. Compensatory motions, hip hiking and torso tilting, and crutch use are shown to decrease the prevalence of pathological kinematics. Crutch use with a wide stance angle improves gait kinematics more than a vertical crutch with the same body weight supported on it. This study provides evidence that the need for compensatory motions and the prevalence of pathological gait kinematics may be reduced when using a wide crutch stance angle compared to a vertical crutch stance angle.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


Computer-based training systems can be used for teaching the use of systems. This training emphasizes the memorization of concepts, but fails in exercises in which there are multiple solution routes. Another disadvantage is that it does not allow the student to explore freely the resources and alternatives of the system. This paper discusses the learning of problem solving in the usage of complex interfaces and shows the feasibility of Artificial Intelligence techniques in building automatic trainers for that purpose. This approach can also be extended to other situations of professional training. A real application is discussed in detail.


An Advanced Time Averaging Modelling Technique for Power Electronic Circuits Goce Jankuloski Master of Applied Science Graduate Department of Electrical Engineering University of Toronto 2014 For stable and efficient performance of power converters, a good mathematical model is needed. This thesis presents a new modelling technique for DC/DC and DC/AC Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) converters. The new model is more accurate than the existing modelling techniques such as State Space Averaging (SSA) and Discrete Time Modelling. Unlike the SSA model, the new modelling technique, the Advanced Time Averaging Model (ATAM) includes the averaging dynamics of the converter's output. In addition to offering enhanced model accuracy, application of linearization techniques to the ATAM enables the use of conventional linear control design tools. A controller design application demonstrates that a controller designed based on the ATAM outperforms one designed using the ubiquitous SSA model. Unlike the SSA model, ATAM for DC/AC augments the system's dynamics with the dynamics needed for subcycle fundamental contribution (SFC) calculation. This allows for controller design that is based on an exact model.


Contact dermatitis is a significant cause of skin disease in elderly. Sign of contact dermatitis in the elderly that often found are erythema, papule, erosion and lichenification. One of the risk factor of contact dermatitis in elderly in the parlors is a bad personal hygiene. This study aimed to examine influence of Garra rufa care through skin integrity of contact dermatitis in the elderly.
This study was a quasy experimental using pretest-posttest control group design. The population aged between 60 to 89 years old (elderly), the experience was conducted at UPTD Griya Werdha Jambangan and UPT Pelayanan Sosial Trensa Werdha Pasuruan with 22 respondents in total. Data were collected by observation then analyzed with significance of < 0,05 Wilcoxon sign rank test and Mann Whitney U test.
The results showed that Garra rufa care has an effect by improve skin integrity (erythema, papules, erosion, and lichenification) on the groups of 3 minutes (p = 0.046) and on the groups of 5 minutes (erythema p = 0,014; papules p = 0,25; erosion p = 0,34, lichenification p = 0.14).
Garra rufa care could help to improve the elderly skin integrity if it used routinely and in accordance with the implementation procedure. Garra rufa care, topical drug, and maintain personal hygiene (bathroom habits) are nursing manajement which should be continued and applied regularly to achieve optimal results.


This study develops a neural network based methodology for recognizing manufacturing feature (MF) using the boundary representation (B-rep) information. The methodology is capable of recognizing not only basic MF (including standard MF and non-standard MF) but also interacting MF. Firstly, both the edges' convex concave attribute and the edge's position (whether an edges belongs to the inner edge loop or outer edge loop), which reflects the edges' characteristics and the relationship between the bottom profile and the adjacent faces, were analyzed to defined the input vector for the neural network. Based on this, a BP neural network with a single hidden layer which contained 10 neurons was obtained. The basic MF is divided into additive MF (AMF), throuth subtractive closed MF (through SCMF), blind subtractive closed MF (blind SCMF), subtractive opened MF (SOMF) four groups, and can be recognized easily using the neural network has been trained. For the interacting MF, a basic MF is recognized firstly, the bottom profile is updated when a MF interactive with the recognized basic MF is identified. The height or depth of the MF is determined by the height of the lowest adjacent face. The MF has been recognized will be added to the part, the following recognition will be carried on based on the new part model.


The 2016 Kaikoura (New Zealand) earthquake is characterized as one of the most complex multifault rupture events ever observed. We perform dynamic rupture simulations to evaluate to what extent relatively simple forward models accounting for realistic fault geometry can explain the characteristics of coseismic observations. Without fine parameter tuning, our model reproduces many observed features including the multifault rupture, overall slip distribution, and the locations of the maximum slip and rupture arrest. In particular, our model shows spontaneous arrest of dynamic rupture at the both ends of the ruptured fault system due to smaller prestress levels expected from a regional tectonic stress field. Both the simulated and the observationally inferred source time functions show similar double peaks with a larger second peak. The results illuminate the importance of the 3-D fault geometry in understanding the dynamics of complex multifault rupture. Plain Language Summary The 2016 Kaikoura earthquake in the northern South Island of New Zealand was one of the most complex faulting events ever observed. Previous studies identified surface ruptures along at least a dozen major faults extending over 150 km. Here we use computer simulations to investigate how the complex three-dimensional geometry of faults plays a role in the rupture propagation and termination during the Kaikoura earthquake. We find that our model can explain a number of observations associated with the earthquake. In particular, the model suggests that the termination of propagating rupture at the ends of faults was caused by the unfavorable orientations of these faults with respect to regional tectonic stresses. The results illuminate the importance of three-dimensional fault geometry in understanding the dynamics of multifault earthquakes.


MILTON C. WHITAKER, now a vigorous octogenarian, was the second part-time editor to guide the destiny of the struggling "technical" journal of the AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. He took over the reins in 1911, two years after the founding of the journal, and in an era of considerable criticism of its scope and policy. In five years he established Industrial and Engineering Chemistry on a sound basis and drew for it a blueprint that has guided each succeeding editor. Whitaker is known as a man with great vision and the courage to say what he believes. When he retired from the editorship in 1916 and left teaching at Columbia University to become director of research of a large chemical company, he prepared two statements for the Society's Board of Directors. Both are of great significance as I&EC in 1958 celebrates its Golden Jubilee. He was quite caustic about the physical conditions under which the editorial staff ...


We present a new method for particle interactions in polymer models of DNA. The DNA is represented by a bead-rod polymer model. The main objective in this work is to implement short range forces to properly model polymer-polymer and polymer-surface interactions. We will discuss two methods for these interactions: (1) a new rigid constraint algorithm whereby rods elastically bounce off one another, and (2) a classical (smooth) potential acting between rods. In addition, a smooth potential for the polymer-surface interactions is also implemented for comparison to the same interactions currently modeled by elastic collision.


in the rectus muscle and the cellular tissue outside the peritoneum. The bladder was quite empty; the extravasation extended below the peritoneum and over the muscles of the back. A cavity, about the size of an orange, was found behind the symphysis pubis, 51led with blood-clots. Extravasation of blood was also found in all the pelvic cellular tissue. There was a rapture, two inches in length, in the anterior wall of the bladder, commencing an inch from its neck, and extending to two inches from its summit. The urethra was normal, with the exception of some slight ecchymosis beneath the mucous membrane of the prostatic portion. REMARKS BY DR. McLEAN.-The peculiar features of interest in this case are to be found in the history as stated by the patient himself-namely, that he had always been a most temperate man, never had venereal disease, and, what is most important of all, had never sustained any injury whatever to account for his condition, and was in his usual state of good health previously to his being taken ill. There were no external evidences of injury on the abdomen.


This strategy and implementation plan for child spacing information education and communication (IEC) developed in May and June 1983 by the senior staff of the Zimbabwe Child Spacing and Fertility Association (CSFA) presents a situation analysis (history of child spacing in Zimbabwe socioeconomic context of child spacing IEC the organizational context of child spacing IEC and mass media) reviews the IEC strategy framework and discusses the implementation plan (task structure special events development and pretesting scheduling staffing and technical assistance integration management and monitoring and resource requirements). Family planning services were introduced in Zimbabwe in the 1950s through voluntary efforts within and for the white community. The Family Planning Association (FPA) was established in 1963 and in 1966 government hospitals began to make contraceptives available. As of mid 1983 the CSFA was in position to undertake significant expansion and improvement of an already effective program. The government intends to establish the Association as a parastatal organization under the Ministry of Health. The CSFA is and will continue to be the primary organization engaged in IEC activities for child spacing. It will more and more carry out its mission in cooperation with other ministries and agencies under the governments policy of integrating child spacing into the national development effort. The CSFA operates 28 clinics throughout Zimbabwe with supervision from provincial nursing staff. These clinics handle an estimated 42% of all acceptors nationwide. The contraceptive of choice in Zimbabwe is the oral contraceptive (OC). The development of an effective child spacing IEC program will occur with increasingly strong government support. The CSFA provides an unusually strong organizational base. The IEC strategy framework includes 2 audience components: rural and urban married men aged 20-50; rural and urban married women aged 20-35; parents of youth in school; influential persons in the family and community; service and information providers; and policymakers. The program will concentrate on rural married men and women. Messages will concentrate on: increasing understanding of the concept of child spacing and its relation to family health and male roles; increasing understanding and overcoming misconceptions about the use and side effects of various methods of child spacing; and increasing communication about child spacing between husbands and wives and between urban and rural men. Major media used will be print radio and interpersonal communication. The implementation plan seeks to translate the strategy into concrete activities and products schedules staffing requirements integration strategies management and monitoring structures and resource requirements including equipment.


In the materials there are presented, results of the synthesis and biological testing of the new nanocomposite which, contains silver nanoparticles incapsulated. in the synthetic polymer poly-1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole. The synthesis method, of silvercontaining polymere nanocomposite is shown. With the use of modern equipment evidence of the nanocomposite with the size of 2-10 nm silver production, are substinated. It was revealed, that the new nanocomposite causes slight changes in the tissue structure of experimental animals internal organs and biochemical shift that is characteristic for the compensatory-adaptive reactions development. There are presented, the results of the silver nanoparticles distribution, mainly in the kidney and. liver tissue.


The immediate environment of man comprises of air on which depends all forms of life. Human beings need a continuous supply of air to exist. The requirement for air is relatively constant about 10-20m3 per day (Park 2009). Air is a mechanical mixture of gases. The normal composition of external air by volume is approximately as follows Nitrogen 78.1%, Oxygen 20.93%, and Carbon dioxide 0.03%. The balance is made up of other gases which occur in traces e.g. argon, neon, krypton, xenon and helium. In addition to these gases, air also contains water vapor, traces of ammonia and suspended particulate matter such as dust bacteria, spores and vegetable debris. The external air has other compounds and elements along with the already mentioned. Air is rendered impure by a) respiration of man and animals b) decomposition of organic matter, c) combustion of coal, gas, oil etc. d) trade, traffic and manufacturing processes that give off dust, fumes vapors and gases. Under ordinary conditions the composition of outdoor air is remarkably constant. This brought about by certain self cleansing mechanisms which operate in nature such as wind, sunlight, rain and plant life. Wind dilutes and sweeps away the impurities by its movements so that the impurities do not accumulate in any one place. Sunlight and heat oxidizes the impurities and kill the bacteria. Rain removes the suspended and gaseous impurities and the green plants utilize the carbon dioxide and generate oxygen. But when the rate of pollution becomes too high or the cleansing process becomes ineffective, the air gets polluted and it constitutes a health hazard. Human occupancy and activity vitiate the air in the occupied rooms and gives a sense of discomfort to the occupants. Unless the vitiated in door air is replaced by the fresh air, it may adversely effect the comfort, health and the efficiency of the occupants. They may feel suffocation and complain of headache, drowsiness and inability to concentrate. There is also a risk of droplet infection and lowered resistance to diseases on prolonged exposure. Thus the phenomenon called pollution is an inseparable consequence of the presence of man and his activities. The term air pollution signifies the presence in the ambient atmosphere of substances (e.g., gases, mixtures of gases and particulate matter) generated by the activities of man in concentrations that interfere with human health, safety or comfort, or injurious to vegetation and animals and other environmental media resulting in chemicals entering in the food chain or being present in drinking water and thereby constituting additional source of human exposure. The direct effect of air pollutants on plants, animals and soil can influence the structure and function of ecosystems, including self regulation ability, thereby affecting the quality of life (WHO 1987).


To accurately calculate the unsteady dynamic load and output performance of the rotor in the stand-alone large-scale wind turbine, a novel added mass force expression mA=128/75ρR3 is derived and co...


Since the beginning of the human occupation in the south-central coast of Santa Catarina State, in Brazil, the articulation between natural and anthropic processes modeled a strongly domesticated landscape, shaped by the massive construction of shell mounds of monumental dimensions and millenarian permanence. In the coastal plain between Passagem da Barra (Laguna District) and Figueirinha Lake (Jaguaruna District), 76 sambaquis were mapped, 48 of which have been dated. Systematic site surveys and radiocarbon datings allowed identifying patterns of spatial distribution in sambaquis according to the sedimentary context at the time of construction, stratigraphy and age. Based on these criteria, the following groups were recognized: five geological-geomorphological contexts of location; three stratigraphic patterns; and four phases of sambaqui occupation in the area, based on site number and type of constructive pattern. The model for sedimentary evolution and time-space distribution of sambaquis shows that sites were built in already emerged areas and that inland sites, away from the lagoons, may have not be preserved or they are not exposed due to the continuous sedimentary filling that characterized this region after the maximum Holocene transgression. The crossing of data, here proposed, shows the importance of integral approaches between archaeology and geosciences for the study of landscape evolution.


Uranium is an abundant element in the earth's crust and occurs in economic concentrations in a variety of geological environments ranging from Precambrian (Proterozoic) in age to sediments of Tertiary age. Uranium occurs in geographic locations ranging from the cold of the high latitudes of Canada and Russia to the heat of the tropics of Australia, Africa and Brazil. It also is available as by-products from nuclear devices, from processing phosphate deposits, and from other sources. Reserve estimates are based on geophysical logs and an estimate of the physical dimensions of the mineralization. Reserve needs are based on industry estimates for new reactors and historical usage of older reactors, which depends on the reactor design. With the present expansion in the use of nuclear power expected to continue for the next 100 years, the dependence on overseas oil and gas will be reduced. This, along with reducing the use of coal over the next 30 years, will have a significant, positive impact on easing global warming and a marked impact on world political stability. We assess the potential problems inherent in predicting uranium reserves and in developing these reserves, both from a technical point of view and a societal perspective, which must be combined by any company engaged in uranium exploration and recovery. Environmental considerations involving ground-water sampling of area water wells prior to in situ recovery (ISR) are an integral part of every uranium-development project and depend on the geographical location of the deposit under consideration. In some areas, uranium occurs naturally in aquifers and this is the reason for the need for comprehensive background ground-water studies before uranium recovery operations are undertaken. Socio-economic issues have become an important part of uranium recovery projects today. Non-political State and Federal interests must be balanced between the interests of national needs and security and local protection with economic development. Without this balance, damage to society would occur at a time when we can least afford it. Filtered through industry perspectives, we evaluate these issues both in terms of developing uranium within the U.S. sphere of influence and of managing the environmental responsibilities associated with it. Introduction Uranium is an abundant element in the earth's crust and occurs in economic concentrations in a variety of geological environments. Uranium concentrations occur in rocks ranging from Precambrian (Proterozoic) in age to sediments of Tertiary age. Uranium occurs in economic concentrations on Earth at locations ranging from the cold of the high latitudes to the heat of the tropics. Some of the economic deposits can be developed by the ISR methods while others must be mined by either open pit or underground methods. With the anticipated expansion of nuclear power to supply the electrical power grids around the world, new uranium (and thorium) reserves must be located by expanding exploration around the globe, and elsewhere, and recycling of nuclear materials must be initiated in order to meet the needs of the latter 21 st and early 22 nd centuries.


.......................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... 5 Table of contents ............................................................................................................. 6 Tables and figures ........................................................................................................... 8 1) The creative industries: ways of seeing .............................................................. 12 a) Lenses on the creative industries .......................................................................................... 14 b) The emergence of ecosystem as a lens on the sector.......................................................... 23 c) The potential offered by an ecosystem perspective .............................................................. 26 d) Defining the research problem .............................................................................................. 28 2) Eco -system or -ology? And does it matter? ....................................................... 35 a) The origin of terms ................................................................................................................ 35 b) Ecosystem frameworks ......................................................................................................... 39 c) Ecological approaches to the cultural and creative sector .................................................... 46 d) What does ecosystem offer that other approaches do not? ................................................. 55 e) Summary ............................................................................................................................... 61 3) Developing and conducting a multi-stage investigation ...................................... 63 a) Philosophy and ontology ....................................................................................................... 63 b) Research design: investigating the creative ecosystem ....................................................... 65 c) Methodological reflections ..................................................................................................... 82 4) Theory into practice: simple is never that simple ................................................ 85 a) Mapping the ecosystem using theoretical frameworks ......................................................... 85 b) Key features and limitations of the theoretical approaches ................................................ 100 c) Toward a meta-ecosystem? ................................................................................................ 102 d) Top-down ecosystem mapping: a summary ....................................................................... 109 5) The bird's eye view in context ........................................................................... 112 a) The context of known data on the industries ....................................................................... 112 b) Contextualising this view of the ecosystem: a summary ..................................................... 124


The purpose of this research was to compile a presence list of reptiles and amphibians that occur in Palo Pinto County, Texas, and to investigate the ecological distributions and zoogeographic affinities of these herpetiles. The study area was chosen primarily because of its location in North Central Texas and its rugged topography, which sets it apart from the surrounding area.


Under the severe background of the international ecological and energy situation, the effective practice of sustainable green and ecological development concepts is important for maintaining the earth environment on which mankind depends and promoting the peaceful and orderly development of human society. As a large energy consumer and carbon emitter, the Chinese government is committed to vigorously promoting the people's livelihood project for the transformation of old communities, and innovating and transforming the places in the city's old houses that "have poor living experience for the elderly". This kind of project applies the concepts of environmental protection, green and energy saving to the design of old house renovation. The rational regeneration and transformation of old houses can reduce the waste of resources and energy on the one hand, and improve the living environment of the elderly on the other hand, so as to obtain the greatest economic and social benefits and realize the needs of sustainable urban development.


Possessory risk management in the context of ensuring sustainable economic development requires creating and maintaining the integration of environmental, socio-economic, and corporate mechanisms for identifying, analyzing, and evaluating risk factors in corporate organization management systems. This paper presents an integrative framework for managing possessory risks to sustainable development in Russian companies. This integrative structure is developed by supplementing the existing company risk management system with mechanisms for identifying, analyzing, and evaluating possessory risk. This study suggests a concept for ensuring economic sustainability based on possessory risk management as a special managerial and organizational mechanism that allows for integrating corporate goals with processes of creating economic and financial value for the owner and for maintaining the owner's environmental and social responsibility to society.