Foreword. Preface. 1 Projects in Telecommunication Services. Introduction. Project Management Versus Product Management. Virtual Network Operators. Contribution of Project Management. The Two Facets of Telecommunication Services. Categories of Projects in Telecommunication Services. Upgrades of Public Networks. Establishment of Specialized Business Networks. Temporary Networks. Characteristics of Telecommunication Service Projects. Complex Interfaces. External Interfaces. Internal Interfaces. International Orientation. Multidisciplinarity. No Mass Production. Diverse Users. A Relatively Long Planning Stage. Summary of Distinctions Between the Development of Telecommunication Services and Equipment. Summary. 2 Standards and Innovation in Telecommunication Services. The Two Dimensions of Telecommunication Projects. The Technological Dimension. The Marketing and Social Dimension. Classification of Innovations. Innovations and the Technology Life Cycle. Innovation in Telecommunication Services. Incremental Innovation. Architectural Innovation. Platform Innovation. Radical Innovation. Interaction of Innovations in Equipment and Services. Phasic Relation Between Equipment and Services. Standardization for Telecommunication Services. Timing of Standards. Marketing Perspective. Technological View of Standards. Anticipatory Standards. Enabling (Participatory) Standards. Responsive Standards. Lack of Standards. Standards Policy and Knowledge Management. Summary. 3 The Project Management Context. Organization of the Project Team. Functional Organization. Examples. Advantages. Disadvantages. Matrix Organization. Examples. Advantages. Disadvantages. Projectized Organization. Examples. Advantages. Disadvantages. Comparison of Project Organizations. Project Organization and Innovation Type. Incremental Innovation. Architectural Innovation. Platform Innovation. Radical Innovation. The Role of the Project Sponsor. Phase Management and Portfolio Management. The Rolling Wave Method for Service Development. Phase 1: Concept Definition. Phase 2: Initiation and Preliminary Planning Phase. Phase 3: Implementation. Phase 4: Controlled Introduction. Phase 5: General Availability and Close-Out. Canceling Projects. Relation to the Build-Operate-Transfer Model. Summary. 4 Scope Management. Scope Initiation. Scope Planning. Market Service Description (MSD). Scope Definition. Work Breakdown Structure. Technical Plan. The Need for Scope Management. Salt Lake City Winter Olympics. E-Zpass Toll Collection System. Background. Gaps in the Definition ITS Scope. Scope Creep in New Jersey. Sources of Scope Change. Customer Profile. Vendor's Effect. Basic Principles of Scope Management. Change Control Policy. Strictness of the Change Control Policy. Change Control Board. Scope Verification. Tracking and Issue Management. Project Termination. Case Studies. Telecommunications Alliances/Joint Ventures. Net 1000. Background. Timeline and Organization Evolution. Postmortem Analysis. Lessons Learned. Lessons Not Learned. Summary. 5 Time and Cost Management. Scheduling. Delays in Telecommunication Projects. Compressing the Schedule. Cost Management. Project Tracking with Earned Value Analysis. Metrics for the Earned Value. Discrete Effort Method. Apportioned Effort Method. Level of Effort Method. Budget Types. Monitoring Project Progress. Measures of Efficiency. Prerequisites for Earned Value Analysis. Earned Value Analysis in Telecommunication Projects. Summary. 6 Information and Communication Management. The Role of Communication Management. Dissemination of Information. Team Cohesion. Historical Database. Communication and Outsourcing. The Communication Plan. Audience. Circumstances. Nature of Information. Content of the Plan. Communication Channels. One-on-One Communication. Meetings. Telephony and Teleconferences. E-Mail. Intranets and Project Portals. Evaluation of the Communication Processes. Measure of Communication Effectiveness. Signs of Communication Problems. Barriers to Successful Communications. Summary. 7 Resources Management. Formation of the Project Team. Team Building. Team Building and the Hierarchy of Human Needs. Signs of a Jelled Team. Enablers of Team Cohesiveness. Impediments to Team Consolidation. No Self-Actualization. No Self-Esteem. No Belongingness. No Security. Team Breakup (Adjourning). Project Leadership. Transactional Versus Transformational Leadership. Project Manager's Authority. Manipulative Behavior. MBTI Classification of Leadership Styles. Time-Dependent Leadership. Matching Leadership Style with the Project Phase. Matching Leadership Style with Innovation Type. Matching Leadership with Technology Maturity. Conflict Resolution. Conflicts Due to Contractual Structures. Conflicts Due to Connectual Structures. Types of Diversity. Examples of Social Diversity. Examples of Informational Diversity. Examples of Value Diversity. Conflicts and Diversity. Effects of Conflict on Project Performance. Dealing with Conflicts. Problem Solving. Coercion. Compromise. Accommodation. Withdrawal or Avoidance. Summary. 8 Quality Management. Overview. Quality and Innovation. Service Release Management. Quality Plan. Categorization of the Defects: Urgency and Criticality. Appraisal. Schedule Compression. Evaluation of Testing Progress. When to Stop Testing? Vendor Management During the Testing Program. Summary. Appendix. Poisson Model. The Basic Model. The Jelinski-Moranda Model. Deployability. Learning Effect with the Yamada Model. 9 Vendor Management. The Importance of Vendor Management. Vendor Management Versus Procurement Management. Acquisition Process. Evaluation of the Formal Solicitation Process. Vendor Selection. Contract Type. Vendor Types in Telecommunications Services. Vendor Evaluation. Additional Criteria for Equipment Vendors. Additional Criteria for Connectivity Vendors. Communications with Technology Vendors. Statement of Work. Vendor Tracking. Partnerships and Virtual Organizations. Metrics for Vendor Tracking During Acceptance Testing. Vendor's Handoff. Metrics for Vendor Tracking for Problems in the Field. Risks in the Management of Technology Vendors. The Technology Life Cycle. Vendor Type. Risk of Supply Disruption. Congruence of the Plans for the Vendor and the Service Provider. Lack of Standards. Intellectual Property and Knowledge Management. Inadequate Field Support. Risk Mitigation in the Management of Technology Vendor. Connectivity Vendors. Types of Agreements Among Network Operators. Risks Management for Interconnectivity Vendors. Summary. 10 Risk Management. Risk Identification. Risk Evaluation. Risk Mitigation. Risk Avoidance. Risk Reduction. Combined Risk Avoidance and Reduction. Risk Deflection. Risk Financing. Risks Identification Telecommunications Services. Project Characteristics. Complexity. Schedule. Novelty. Geography. Internal Organization. Technology. Supplier. Customer. Risk Mitigation in Telecommunications Services. Risks Due to Project Characteristics. Technological Risks. Supplier's Risks. Customer's Risks. Standardization and Risk. Innovation and Risk. Incremental Innovation. Architectural Innovation. Platform Innovation. Radical Innovation. Risk Mitigation and Organizational Culture. Risk Mitigation and the Project Manager's Tolerance for Risk. Summary. 11 Service Development. Opportunity Analysis and Concept Definition. Product Definition and Project Setup. Design and Procurement. Architecture Design. Supplier Management. Technical Definition of the Service. Site Selection. Service Operations Technical Plan (SOTP). Support Processes. Operations, Administration and Maintenance (OA&M). Disaster Recovery. Customer Network Management. Development. Equipment Handoff. System and Integration Testing. Network Operations Center (NOC). Human Resources. Return Maintenance Authorization (RMA). Customer Care. Service Turn-Up. Installing the Equipment. In-Field Tests. Pilot Trials. Controlled Introduction. Management of the Controlled Introduction. Marketing and Sales Plans for General Availability. Commissioning and Life-Cycle Management. Lessons Learned and Closeout. Quality-of-Service Metrics. Customer Care Performance. Network Performance. OA&M Quality. Business and Network Evolution. Summary. Appendix. 12 Some Final Thoughts. Continuity and Change. Project Success or Service Success? Competition and Government Policies. Standardization. Outsourcing. References. Index.


The following scenario may not be uncommon to readers specialising in landlord and tenant law. A tenant is granted a tenancy of property (assume this is either a 12-month residential tenancy or a three-year commercial lease). In either case, after only three months of occupation, he decides that he no longer has any need for the property (because, for example, he has found cheaper premises elsewhere) and informs the landlord that he intends to vacate and stop paying rent. The tenant argues that the landlord should accept the surrender of the premises and instruct agents to market the property with a view to re-letting to a new tenant. The landlord is reluctant to accept a surrender given that the tenancy still has some time left to run. What options does the landlord have in these circumstances? Is he obliged to treat the tenancy/lease as at an end? Must he now seek to re-let the premises regardless of the state of the rental market? Can he accede to the tenant's demand and claim for loss of rent during the remainder of the term? If so, is he under any obligation to mitigate his loss by taking appropriate steps to find a new tenant?


The OSS community can be considered as a complex, self-organizing system. These systems are typically comprised of large numbers of locally interacting elements. Developers are main components in this network. The interaction between developers forms a collaborative social network. Study of the roles of developers and their activities can help us determine the development of projects. In this paper, we perform a quantitative analysis of Open Source Software developers by studying the whole developer community at SourceForge. Our research provides topological and evolutionary statistics for the OSS developer social network, which is helpful to understand the OSS phenomenon. Our work shows that OSS developer network is a scale free network. Contact: Jin Xu Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN46556 Tel: 1-574-631-7596 Fax: 1-574-631-9260 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


Sitting comfort of car driver's seat was evaluated visually or tactually by consumers. The adjectives used for the sensory evaluation by human visual sense were compared with those by human tactual sense, and the relation between tactual sensory values and physical properties of car seats was examined by factor analysis. Two adjectives "high-class" and "sporty" were common and significant in evaluating the sitting comfort of car driver's seat by human visual sense or tactual sense, and tactual sensory values agreed with visual sensory values. Further, the body pressure and contact area between the seat cushion and human buttocks were correlated with the tactual adjective "high-class", and those between the back-rest and human back were correlated with the tactual adjective "sporty".


In light of the enduring success of music streaming services, it is noteworthy that an increasing number of users are positively gravitating toward YouTube as their preferred platform for listening to music. YouTube differs from typical music streaming services in that they provide a diverse range of music-related videos as well as soundtracks. However, despite the increasing popularity of using YouTube as a platform for music consumption, there is still a lack of comprehensive research on this phenomenon. As independent researchers unaffiliated with YouTube, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 27 users who listen to music through YouTube more than three times a week to investigate its usability and interface satisfaction. Our qualitative analysis found that YouTube has five main meanings for users as a music streaming service: 1) exploring musical diversity, 2) sharing unique playlists, 3) providing visual satisfaction, 4) facilitating user interaction, and 5) allowing free and easy access. We also propose wireframes of a video streaming service for better audio-visual music listening in two stages: search and listening. By these wireframes, we offer practical solutions to enhance user satisfaction with YouTube for music listening. These findings have wider implications beyond YouTube and could inform enhancements in other music streaming services as well.


Abstract : This monograph seeks to determine if China's military has a uniquely Chinese type of operational art when compared to the United States. The study asserts the importance of history, particularly China's unique philosophical and military traditions, in understanding the operational art of the People's Liberation Army (PLA). The philosophical ideas present in Confucianism and Taoism bring clarity to contemporary PLA doctrine and activities. The study compares Chinese philosophical and military traditions, national strategy, and PLA doctrine to Western philosophy and U.S. Joint doctrine to reveal uniquely Chinese concepts. Case studies illustrate PLA participation in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations, anti-piracy operations, and cyber activities to characterize Chinese operational art in practice. The study concludes that a unique type of operational art exists in the Chinese military, and demonstrates the continuing influence of China's philosophical and military traditions. Chinese operational art includes the creative combination of unconventional means (ho), the ability to alter relative positions between opposites (yin and yang), and the flexible application of forces within a situation (wu wei). These concepts underpin the asymmetric employment of task-organized combinations to bring about a position of advantage (shi). Contemporary and future PLA operations are likely to demonstrate a preference for an indirect approach; patience in decision-making and tempo; and a holistic understanding of situations, self, and enemy.


. We derive a posteriori error estimates for a fully discrete time-implicit (cid:28)nite element approximation of the stochastic total variaton (cid:29)ow (STVF) with additive space time noise. The estimates are (cid:28)rst derived for an implementable fully discrete approximation of a regularized stochastic total variation (cid:29)ow. We then show that the derived a posteriori estimates remain valid for the unregularized (cid:29)ow up to a perturbation term that can be controlled by the regularization parameter. Based on the derived a posteriori estimates we propose a pathwise algorithm for the adaptive space-time re(cid:28)nement and perform numerical simulation for the regularized STVF to demonstrate the behavior of the proposed algorithm.


This article analyses two physical and mental landscapes of childhood in Northern Sweden and Finland in the post-war era during the 1940s and 1950s. The material has been produced within two competitions for schools. The aim of the Finnish competition was to increase aid during reconstruction and to mentally unite the nation. The Swedish competition was organized by a home district association. The aim of the contest was to foster regionalism and strengthen people's feeling of belonging to a nation-state. The interpretation has cultural perspectives on visual culture studies, humanistic geography and an individual's interpretation of a place. The intertextual connections to material such as school picture boards are shown. The drawings both rebuild and comment on what was an imposed cultural agenda. It reflects a national mental landscape and local school aesthetics, ethics and norms of the time.


The University Department of Dermatology Lausanne was founded in 1891 and was the second independent unit created in Switzerland at the turn of the century. Directed by Emil Dind, it was mainly devoted to venereal diseases and their social consequences. Local application of pure coal tar was first promoted by Dind as an efficacious and well tolerated treatment for eczema.


A 25-mer phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide (GEM® 91) complementary to the gag gene mRNA of HTV-1 virus was administered intravenously (IV) at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks or 25 mg/kg sing...


This disclosure obtaining that, in one embodiment, groups the flash light emission time and light emission waveform data including the light emission intensity corresponding to the plurality of guide number is set, to a method and apparatus for controlling an image pickup apparatus including a flash and calculating the waveform area of the acquired light emission waveform data, and by using the calculated area for calculating the respective amount of light emission for a plurality of guide number, and meet the needs light emission amount obtained in advance emission of a flash of the each of the light emission amount calculating a main guide number corresponding to the amount of light emission, and has a light emission time and light emission intensity corresponding to the calculated main guide number of the flash can be controlled to emit light.


,B' subunit andat420Cisdefective inRNA chain initiation; consequently, little ornotranscription occurs attherestrictive temperature. A partial restriction, produced byshifting thestrain -to390C, resulted inarapid fivefold increase inthetranscription oftherpoBandCgenes andinthesynthesis ofthe,B- andf3'-subunit proteins forwhichtheycode. The RNA polymerase assembly-defective strains A2R7andTs4exhibited a1.5- to2fold increase inthetranscription oftherpoBandCgenes andinthesynthesis of ,B- andfl'-subunit proteins after prolonged restriction. Theseresults demonstrate (i) thatregulation ofthesynthesis ofthe,B- and/3'-RNA polymerase subunits is under these conditions primarily transcriptional rather thantranslational, and(ii) thatastimulation ofrpoBandCgeneexpression results fromarestriction on RNAsynthesis caused byeither RNApolymerase inactivation orinhibition ofits assembly. During restriction ofthemutantstrains, thetranscription ofthe ribosome component genes exhibited patterns whichweresimilar totranscription oftherpoBandCgenes, supporting theevidence thatgenescoding forRNA polymerase arecotranscribed withribosomal protein genes; transcription ofthe lacZgenewasobserved todecrease concomitant withthestimulation oftherpoB andCgenes.


The paper analyzed the main existing problems in exploitation and utilization of water resources.Combined on the reality of the development of Liaocheng economy and society,this paper put forward the thinking,objects and ensuring measures to construct the water-saving society.


Objective: To audit the management of ectopic pregnancy over a three-year period. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 40 women diagnosed and hospitalized with ectopic pregnancy from 1999 to 2002 at Fatih University Hospital were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Mean age of women was 29.3 years. The most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain (67.5%) and most frequent physical finding was abdominal tenderness (97.5%). The prevalence of smoking was 60%. Past histories of laparotomy and previous ectopic pregnancy were 37.5% and 17.5% respectively. 52.5% of the patients were using a contraceptive method. The most common contraceptive methods were coitus interruptus (25%) and intrauterine device (20%). In 65% of the cases, the ectopic pregnancy was located in the right tuba uterina and in 35% was located in left tuba uterina. Ten women (25%) were followed-up with expectant management, 9 women (22.5%) received single-dose methotrexate. 21 women (52.5%) were treated surgically. The mean levels of β hCG in different groups were as follows: Expectant management group=921.2±648.4 mIU/L, methotrexate therapy group=1664±1571 mIU/L, radical surgery group=1327±1346 mIU/L, conservative surgery group=1955±1696 mIU/L. In two cases (22.2%) single-dose methotrexate therapy failed and required a second dose of methotrexate. 32.5% of the patients underwent laparotomy and 20% of the cases underwent laparoscopy. Conservative tubal surgery was performed in 28.5%. There was no complication and none required further surgery. Conclusion: Although expectant management and methotrexate therapy are effective and safe options in patients with ectopic pregnancy, the majority of women still undergo surgical management as a result of late admission to hospital and delay in diagnosis.


Lymphoma of the central nervous system, both primary and secondary, represents a rare subset of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. According to the World's Health Organization definition, primary central nervous system lymphoma refers to those cases confined to the CNS parenchyma, dura, leptomeninges, cranial nerves, and spinal cord or the intraocular compartment in immunocompetent patients. On the other hand, secondary CNS lymphoma refers to systemic non-Hodgkin lymphoma that has disseminated to the CNS. Historically, the prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma has been very dismal, with overall survival of 1.5 months when untreated, and a five (5) year survival rate of 30%. Meanwhile, patients with aggressive systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have a 2 to 27% risk of developing secondary CNS disease, with a median survival of 2.2 months after diagnosis. Due to the introduction of high-dose methotrexate based chemotherapy regimens, there has been substantial progress in treating patients with lymphomas of the CNS, leading to improved survival.


In the field of signal processing and communication, digital filter plays pivotal role. Digital FIR filter designed by different window techniques perform better for reducing noise from signal. In this paper, we design high-pass filter by using various window methods such as Hanning, Hamming, Blackman, Kaiser .This paper also provides comparative study of  highpass filters using above window. It has been seen that Kaiser window is better with respect to Hanning, Hamming, Blackman window.


This narrative review documented the available knowledge on the transmissibility, pathogenicity, morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in sub-Saharan African region in order to inform recommendations of future containment of the virus. Internet search for studies on COVID-19 transmission, pathogenicity, morbidity and mortality in Africa was conducted from February to July 2020. Although Africa was classified among the high-risk continents due to high volume of human air traffic occasioned by international trade relations and poor health facilities, available data showed that most sub-Saharan African countries were prepared with strategies to reduce and manage the disease beyond expectations. However, despite health guidelines, which include but are not limited to personal hygiene, maintaining social and physical distancing, avoiding crowded places, use of nose and mouth or face masks that will limit its spread, the high burden of other diseases in Africa, such as malaria, diabetes mellitus, cancer, and asthma among others coupled with poor health facilities have been attributed to contribute significantly to the cause of coronavirus mortality in Africa. While information on the pathogenicity and therapeutic management of coronavirus continue to evolve, medicinal plants with potent metabolites are reported to be effective in early treatment of the virus abound in African countries, thus bringing a positive development with futuristic hope for cheaper and effective medication. A potentially significant contribution to reduced severity of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in sub-Sahara Africa may be due to the elevated temperatures of climate in this part of the world © 2022. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences. All rights reserved


The samples were made by using the typical ceramic art. The electrical properties such as breakdown voltage and electric capacity of the doped TiO_2varistor ceramics with various Ta_2O_5content were investigated by some related measurement and calculation. It is found that the breakdown voltage, nonlinear exponent and apparent dielectric constant of the samples showed definite regularity respectively when the Ta_2O_5content altered. Among the samples, an optimal composition doped with Ta_2O_5in a mole fraction of 0.1% exhibited the lowest breakdown voltage and the highest apparent dielectric constant, and some analysis was given. The optimal doping amount of Ta_2O_5in the mole fraction is about 0.1% as various characteristics of TiO_2varistor ceramics are considered comprehensively.


To solve the shortcomings of fire controlling in ships, a new kind of theory and method of fire -controlling was provided. Some tests of fire - controlling were done. And much of special superiority of the method were shown clearly. It will improve the level of fire suppression technique in ships. And the national patent has been awarded to this technique of fire controlling.


GEOGRAPHIC EXTENT AND RESOLUTION The maps presented in this report summarize the results of global and case study analyses. The data integration and analysis for the global indicators were performed in Mollweide projection at a 1-kilometer resolution. The Papua New Guinea case study analysis was performed using a UTM Zone 55, Spheroid Australian National Datum, Australian Geodetic 1984 (AGD 84) projection. The resolution of the digital elevation model was 90 meters. However, the remoteness and ecological value analyses were performed at a 1-kilometer resolution. Analysis for the Philippine case study was conducted using a UTM, Zone 51 Spheroid Clarke 1866 projection. Because the Philippine case study was performed using vector-based analysis, the scale varies based on the source of the data.


The parameters and materials of capacitors that can be used in operational amplifier microcircuits when exposed to high temperatures are considered. To ensure the stability of such op-amps, it is recommended to use frequency correction circuits based on the effects of multiplying parasitic capacitances of high-temperature transistors, and also not to use op-amp switching circuits with 100% negative feedback.


Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of urinary macrophage testing in patients with glomerulonephritis.Methods The content of urinary macrophages from 69 patients with glommerulonephritis was measured by flowcytometry.The data were compared with the results of renal biopsy.Results Urinary macrophage contents in acute proliferative glomerular disease group were(22.52±4.73)%(30 cases),while those in non-acute proliferative glomerular disease group were(5.13±1.92)%(39 cases).Urinary macrophage contents in acute proliferative glomerular disease group were significantly higher than those in non-acute proliferative glomerular disease group(P0.05).Conclusion Urinary macrophage testing by flowcytometry may provide useful information for evaluating the degree of renal cell proliferation in glomerulonephritis.


The recent decision of the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals in the case of John T. Bill Co. Inc. v. United States, C.A.D. 57, 27 C.C.P.A. (Customs) 26,104 F. (2d) 67 (decided May 29, 1939), is of distinct importance in its bearing on the foreign commercial policy of the United States. In this case, an appellate court, for the first time, had squarely presented to it the question of giving effect to the unconditional mostfavored- nation provisions of an American commercial treaty as against a later statute containing no express reservation respecting treaty provisions. This decision may well be regarded as the turning-point in the construction given to the most-favored-nation clause by the American courts.


Procedures are outlined for fractionating and concentrating renal extracts which, in relatively small doses administered orally, effectively reduce the blood pressure of hypertensive rats. The solubility of the active principle in water and aqueous solutions of organic solvents and the behavior of the extracts toward various precipitants (picric acid, ammonium sulfate, etc.) are described. The dialyzability of the active principle differentiates it from the agent described by other workers as effective following parenteral administration.


Analyse de l'Ecosysteme des "Upwellings", Deuxieme Conference : Analysis of Upwelling Systems, Second Conference, 28-30 May 1973, Marseille.-- 6 pages, 8 figures, 1 table


Quantum phenomena at interfaces create functionalities at the level of materials. Ferromagnetism in van der Waals systems with diverse arrangements of spins opened a pathway for utilizing proximity magnetic fields to activate properties of materials which would otherwise require external stimuli. Herewith, we realize this notion via creating heterostructures comprising bulk CrCl$_3$ ferromagnet with in-plane easy-axis magnetization and monolayer WSe$_2$ semiconductor. We demonstrate that the in-plane component of the proximity field activates the dark excitons within WSe$_2$. Zero-external-field emission from the dark states allowed us to establish the in-plane and out-of-plane components of the proximity field via inspection of the emission intensity and Zeeman effect, yielding canted orientations at the degree range of $10^{\circ}$ $-$ $30^{\circ}$ at different locations of the heterostructures, attributed to the features of interfacial topography. Our findings are relevant for the development of spintronics and valleytronics with long-lived dark states in technological timescales and sensing applications of local magnetic fields realized simultaneously in multiple dimensions.


Commercial fuels are mixtures with large numbers of components. Continuous thermodynamics is a technique for modelling fuel mixtures using a probability density function rather than dealing with each discreet component. The mean and standard deviation of the distribution are then used to model the chemical reactions of the mixture. This thesis develops the necessary theory to apply the technique of continuous thermodynamics to the oxidation reactions of hydrocarbon fuels. The theory is applied to three simplified models of hydrocarbon oxidation: a global one-step reaction, a two-step reaction withCO as the intermediate product, and the four-step reaction of Müller et al. (1992), which contains a highand a low-temperature branch. These are all greatly simplified models of the complex reaction kinetics of hydrocarbons, and in this thesis they are applied specifically to n-paraffin hydrocarbons in the range from n-heptane to n-hexadecane. The model is tested numerically using a simple constant pressure homogeneous ignition problem using Cantera and compared to simplified and detailed mechanisms for n-heptane. The continuous thermodynamics models are able not only to predict ignition delay times and the development of temperature and species concentrations with time, but also changes in the mixture composition as reaction proceeds as represented by the mean and standard deviation of the distribution function. Continuous thermodynamics is therefore shown to be a useful tool for reactions of multicomponent mixtures, and an alternative to the "surrogate fuel" approach often used at present.


Electrophoretic evidence for the specific status, and relationship to other Pseudomys, of P. pilligaensis is presented. Two enzyme systems out of twenty-seven are diagnostic of the species. Estimates of genetic difference between species indicate that P. pilligaensis forms a triad with P. delicatulus and P. novaehollandiae, more distantly related to P. hermannsburgensis and P. australis.


The artificial neural network approach for optimization of lining resistance of basic oxygen furnace is presented in this paper. A group of samples has been collected to study. 33 samples are divided into two glasses, i.e. good samples (glass 1) providing a furnace life of more than 1000 heats, and bad samples (glass 2) meaning a furnace life of less than 1000 heats. Analysis of 18 factors influencing furnace life shows that the major factors are supplementary filling amount, blowing time, melting time, and production rate. In this research, 25 samples are used as learning material, while eight samples are used as testing material for the natural network. The factors of major influence are taken as input variables. As a result, the testing rate reaches 100%, which indicates that the model trained is reliable


Aneurysm inflow angle has been shown to be associated with hemodynamic changes by computational fluid dynamics. However, these studies were based on single aneurysm model and were limited to side‐wall aneurysms.


In the fall of 2009, the three of us started planning a conference at Harvard Law School to celebrate the scholarly achievements of Bill Stuntz . Were it up to Bill, the celebration never would have taken place. Bill learned of our preparations—we had intended to keep them secret—almost as soon as the planning was underway. "I feel uncomfortable about this," he remarked by email to one of us. "It all seems to me undeserved – I'm not at that level – and I would think no one would be interested in writing for or publishing it." Both before and after this message, he took each of us aside to voice these kinds of reservations.


This study assessed the effectiveness of the introduction of active learning exercises into the anatomy and physiologycurriculum in a community college setting. Specifically, the incorporation of a spirometry-based respiratoryphysiology lab resulted in improved student performance in two concepts (respiratory volumes and the hallmarks ofrespiratory diseases) but not a third (the relationship between volume, pressure and airflow). Anonymous post-labsurveys indicated that the modification increased student's interest in the subject and encouraged interactive learningas well as the use of technology in the classroom. However, although test sections outperformed control sections inthe lab midterm, the difference was statistically insignificant, presumably due to the fact that respiratory conceptsonly accounted for less than 20% of the exam.


Examines the development of DSP [digital signal processing] technology which has led to the increasing use of speech synthesis applications in the home, office and factory. Describes how the latest speech synthesizer chip works and outlines the product development cycle from the initial idea through the recording and encoding of the message to the end product: a speech synthesis device which can be used in a wide variety of man‐machine interface applications to warn, inform, instruct or to entertain.


The academic and grey literatures regularly point out the existence of a biodiversity conservation "funding gap": available financial resources lag well behind the needs. This issue was addressed at the 10th Conference of the Parties (COP-10) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) that took place in October 2010 in Nagoya, where negotiations resulted in an agreement on a new Strategic Plan to halt the loss of biodiversity by 2020. This is in line with the recent recognition by the CBD Secretariat that the 2010 Biodiversity Targets were missed be- cause of the funding gap. Parties have now collectively decided that concrete initiatives are necessary to implement the "Strategy for Re- source Mobilization" (SRM) that was initially adopted in 2008. COP-10 has thus so far agreed on a series of indicators to measure the cur- rent national and international trends in biodiversity financing and to monitor progress in the mobilization of resources during 2011-2012.


Carbon-encapsulated iron carbide/iron nanorods (CENRs) with length of 150−350 nm and diameter of 30−60 nm have been synthesized by co-carbonization of an aromatic heavy oil and ferrocene at 450 °C under autogenous pressure. The stability of CENRs heat-treated in air and nitrogen atmospheres was investigated. It was found that the as-grown nanorods were interestingly transformed into short carbon nanotubes by air oxidation and further heat treatment. The morphologies and structures of CENRs and derived nanotubes were investigated using transmission electron microscope, high-resolution transmission electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction measurements. In particular, the changes of iron distribution in carbon nanotubes after oxidation and carbonization were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results have shown that, after oxidation at 250 °C for 3 h, although the length and the diameter of CENRs remained unchanged, hollow carbon nanotubes with iron nanoparticles trapped inside became t...


Report by: Davina Flint, Stephanie Pugh and Michael Callaghan , Physiotherapist, Senior Specialist Physiotherapist and Clinical Specialist and Research Associate

Institution: Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK

A short-cut review was carried out to establish whether eccenctric exercise is beneficial in the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy. A total of 172 papers was found using the reported search, of which 14 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and study weaknesses of these best papers are …


An attempt was made in this study to fabricate natural fiber-strengthened epoxy composite material using hand-layup method. Four different natural fibers were used to develop the hybrid composites. The test specimens were prepared from the composites to carry out mechanical characterization according to the ASTM standard. Mechanical testing was performed to characterize the composites, namely tensile, flexural, impact and double shear. The results showed that Kevlar/Aloevera/palm/epoxy hybrid composite had superior mechanical properties relative to other hybrid composites. The tensile strength, flexural strength and load bearing capacity were increased by 50%, 14% and 54% respectively. To analyze the fracture surface of the tested samples, Scanning Electron Microscope was used. Fiber breakage and matrix cracking were the dominant failure mechanism of composites in tensile testing. Matrix cracking and delamination have been the dominant failure mechanism in impact testing.


Introductory level biology classes are usually the most challenging of all to teach, according to the authors of this research. This is due to the wide range of material to be covered and the wide span in prior knowledge levels among students. It is important to examine how various methods of structuring an introductory course can influence student achievement, because performance during this critical first year is likely to affect their attitude toward future science courses as well as their overall university experience. Here, the effect that controlled grouping and team study training had on test scores in an introductory biology laboratory setting is examined. Students in college biology laboratory sections were grouped heterogeneously or homogeneously according to preferred cognitive learning style and were instructed using the cooperative learning method Student Teams-Achievement Divisions (STAD). In the first year of a two-year study students were given training in a team study strategy. No significant difference in achievement, as measured by the difference in pre and posttest scores, was detected for the students grouped homogeneously when compared with the students grouped heterogeneously. However there was a significant difference (p < 0.005) in score improvement between the year that students had training in the scripted team study strategy and the year they did not. (Educational Research, p 120) Understanding protein synthesis Experience in first year Biology at the University of Sydney indicated that students found many cellular and sub-cellular processes hard to understand. In addition, static visual representations of events often do not sufficiently address the students' problems. To overcome the difficulty of learning concepts such as these, a number of interactive discussions were introduced, facilitated by the use of card games. These take the form of a group activity intended to stimulate active learning through problem solving, using a series of cards. The games are embedded in the curriculum and are described within the student laboratory notes with both directions about game play and questions to complete. They should be fun activities for the students and encourage group discussion, as well as being an active learning experience. These activities are designed to be very flexible in their use and to be interactive, requiring no real staff input except as a moderator at times during the game. Student evaluations of the games are positive, being seen as useful aids to learning. (Interactive learning, p 125) Guard cells and bioenergetics The leaves of higher terrestrial plants have small pores called stomata. Each stoma is surrounded by a pair of specialised cells, the guard cells, which act like hydraulically-operated valves and control opening and closing. Stomata allow an exchange of gases between the inside of the leaf and the atmosphere. Due to a high diffusion capacity, stomata play a crucial part in the plant's strategy for absorbing carbon dioxide, at the same time protecting against excessive water loss. The driving force for stomatal opening is the osmotic uptake of water by guard cells; the result is a deformation of the cells that increases the space between them. Few American or European biology practical books describe secondary or college level laboratory studies of the chemical mechanism of guard cell movement. The need for students to study the chemical mechanism of guard cell movement has led us to a more elaborate approach, outlined here, which is designed to encourage biology teachers to carry out the experiment in their own classes. The laboratory activity described is based on a simple procedure requiring inexpensive equipment and materials. It could be used to promote meaningful learning about the important but complex issue of bioenergetics – specifically membrane ion transport and membrane potential. (Practicals, p 131) Magic roundabouts The study of ecology has for a long time been seen as a very important part of education. Conservation is certainly part of the Key Stage 3 National Curriculum, as is the idea of habitats. At Key Stage 4 (GCSE) level, the concept of biodiversity and how it is affected by conservation practices is taught, as well as other aspects of the impact of humans on the environment. AS and A-level courses typically involve the further consideration of the impact of conservation management on biodiversity, the use of field techniques, and concepts such as indicator species, primarily in terms of freshwater and air pollution. The idea of indicator species is that the presence or absence of certain species of organisms can be related to some measure of the wider environment, such as pollution level or local species richness. Pitfall trap sampling of Carabid beetle species on roundabouts in Bracknell, Berkshire, was used to assess the biodiversity of this taxon by its use as an indicator.The aim of the study was to discover the role of traffic islands in the provision of refugia for invertebrate fauna in fragmented urban habitats. Sampling was performed on 15 roundabouts where a total of 24 species were recorded during four trapping periods over a total of 10 days. There was found to be a positive correlation between the area of the islands and the number of ground beetle species and between the log of the area and the number of individuals found. Thus, roundabouts can promote the maintenance of biodiversity in fragmented urban habitats. This is an example of a simple method that could be used or easily adapted for educational use, and suggestions are offered on how some of the perceived problems in its use may be overcome. (Case studies, p 102) In this issue


Blaming the high cost of health care on physicians is silly; it's like blaming the cost ofjet fuel on the pilot. Doctors are not culpable for the cost of medical care. Physicians' fees used to represent 20 cents of the health dollar. Over the past decade this has decreased to 15 cents of each dollar spent. Faced with the ineluctable truth that doctors account for such a small proportion of the total expense, those who would make us the scapegoat have countered with the argument that although we receive only 15 per cent of the total, we order and are . . .


Refrigeration coefficient,e,is usually calculated by using the First Law of Thermodynamics.In this paper,a new derivation process is introduced through the combination of the Second Law of Thermodynamics with the First Law of Thermodynamics.As a result,two new calculation equations for refrigeration coefficient are proposed.One equation is equivalent to the common method,but its form is a little complicated for real calculation.Another equation is the further simplification,and can be used to calculate the refrigeration coefficient instead of common method with a permit error.


This research for aimed of investigating the effect of dietary and reflexology over premenstrual syndrome symptoms relief. With this in mind 100 sample were randomly selected out of IAU students. After early screening by individual data questionnaire, twenty-four hour diet recall questionnaire, weight management scale, foot inspection questionnaire, premenstrual syndrome questionnaire sample members divided into 3 groups, two experiment or dietary and reflexology & one controlled groups. The dietary and reflexology treatment methods began on the experiment groups during the assigned time margin. Then premenstrual syndrome questionnairewas carried out on all sample groups for two consecutive months. The resulting data were analyzed and assessed with repeated measures with sphericity test producing the following outcomes that dietary and reflexology does affect the premenstrual syndrome symptoms relief.


This paper probes into the anaerobic ammonia oxidation startup phase and the concentration of nitrate nitrogen, PH and temperature on the start stage, and the effects of nitrogen, the results show that:(1) The nitrate nitrogen concentration and enrichment of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria biomass has certain relevance, and nitrate nitrogen concentration increases to a certain concentration, the biomass of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria concentration and the activity of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria has certain inhibition;(2) Anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria within the reactor at the optimum pH value, the reaction rate is the largest, and biological activity also relatively stable; Deviation from the optimum pH value, reaction rate and its stability are affected;(3) Under the condition of low temperature restrain the activity of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria, when the temperature rose from 15 ℃ to 35 , anaerobic ammonia oxidation ℃ reaction rate showed a trend of first increased and then declined slightly, the temperature is about 30 , the anaerobic ammonia oxidation ℃ reaction rate is the fastest.


A study was conducted to establish whether a particulate form of ascorbic acid (AA), ascorbyl-2-phosphate (A2P), could be used to enrich Artemia. In the first experiment, we examined the efficiency of A2P conversion to and maintenance of AA by juvenile Artemia (1.5 mm, 5-day-old) held at 9000 L−1 and 28 °C for 24 h. Maximal uptake and assimilation was >10 000 μg AA g−1 dry weight (dw) (representing >1%Artemia dw) at enrichment rates of ≥1.2 g A2P L−1. In the second experiment, a similar biomass of instar II/III nauplii (1 mm, 2-day-old) and juvenile (2.5 mm, 8-day-old) Artemia were enriched for 6 or 24 h at 28 °C before starvation for 6 or 24 h at 18 or 28 °C. At 0 h and after 6 and 24 h enrichment, AA levels were 485, 3468 and 11 080 μg g−1 dw in nauplii and 122, 4286 and 12 470 μg g−1 dw in juveniles. When Artemia nauplii or juveniles were enriched for 6 h and starved for 6 h at 18 or 28 °C, there was no significant reduction in AA. Continuation of starvation to 24 h at 18 and 28 °C reduced the level of AA to 3367 and 2482 μg g−1 dw in nauplii and 3068 and 2286 μg g−1 dw in juveniles. After 24 h enrichment, 6 h of starvation at 18 and 28 °C reduced AA to 8847 and 7899 μg g−1 dw in nauplii and to 9053 and 8199 μg g−1 dw in juveniles. Continuation of starvation to 24 h at 18 and 28 °C further reduced AA levels in nauplii to 6977 and 4078 μg g−1 dw and to 7583 and 5114 μg g−1 dw in juveniles. This study demonstrated that A2P could be assimilated as AA in the body tissue of different-sized Artemia in a dose-dependant manner and AA was depleted during starvation depending on time and temperature.


Recently, tumor treating fields (TTFields) were established for the treatment of newly diagnosed GBM. One of the most crucial parameters defining the treatment efficacy of TTFields is the electric field intensity. The dielectric properties of the normal intracranial compartments are well established, allowing the prediction of the electric field distribution. In contrast, there is no data available about the dielectric properties of brain tumor tissue. In this study we determined the dielectric properties of brain tumors by analyzing resected tissue following a fast acquisition protocol. To account for the intratumoral heterogeneity, different regions of the tumor were analyzed separately.

 A cohort of 84 patients with tumors of different histology and malignancy grade have been recruited (meningioma: n=26; brain metastases n=18; low grade glioma n=6; glioblastoma n=34). Tissue probes were acquired whenever possible from the vital tumor area, and perinecrotic compartment identified intraoperatively using neuronavigation, intraoperative ultrasound and fluorescence guidance. After acquisition, the tissue was measured immediately to avoid artifacts induced by temperature change, differences of fluid composition as well as post resection ischemia. A fragment was dissected from each tissue sample and was placed into a cylindrical cell with a known diameter. Two parallel electrodes were placed on both sides of the sample and the thickness of the tissue was measured using a micrometer. The impedance was recorded at frequencies 20Hz-1MHz using a software specifically developed for this study, which controls the LCR meter (Keysight Technologies, Santa Rosa, USA). The measured impedance was translated into dielectric properties of the sample (conductivity and relative permittivity) based on the parallel plate model, the recorded complex impedance and the geometry of the samples. Each tissue probe was fixed, H&E stained and histologically analyzed.

 We found significant differences between the conductivity of different types of tumors with meningiomas showing the lowest conductivity (mean conductivity [S/m]: 0.193; range: 0.327 - 0.113) and GBM tissue exhibiting the highest conductivity values (mean conductivity [S/m]: 0.402; range: 0.893 - 0.157). Consistently, the perinecrotic areas of tumors displayed lower conductivity values compared to the solid tumor compartments. Also, we found a significant intratumoral heterogeneity in tumors of one specific histological diagnosis.

 The dielectric properties of intracranial tumors appear to be depending on histological class and malignancy grade and show significant intratumoral heterogeneity. These results may allow a more precise modelling of electric field intensity distribution within the tumor.


lightWeight visible light positioning for Wearables W e envision indoor positioning as being an indispensable feature of smartphones and wearables (e.g., smart glasses) in the near future to support indoor navigation as well as plenty of location-based services in shopping malls, supermarkets, office buildings, etc. To realize this goal, we need technologies that can provide high positioning accuracy as well as being lightweight enough to run in resource-constrained mobile devices, as these devices (especially wearables) are normally equipped with CPU, memory and camera that are optimized more for power efficiency than performance. Visible Light Positioning (VLP) is an emerging positioning technique [1], [2]. It relies on Visible Light Communication (VLC) to broadcast location information through modulated light beams. The receivers, which are usually mobile devices carried by humans, use the light sensor [1] or the camera [2] to receive the location information, as well as measuring their relative position to the lamps to perform fine-grained positioning. The mechanism is very similar to Wi-Fi positioning except that the visible light is used as the carrier to carry beacon messages instead of the microwave signal. Benefited by densely deployed indoor lamps, VLP can easily achieve sub-meter accuracy in indoor localization. Compared with Wi-Fi and other RF based approaches, which normally provide accuracy in meters, VLP holds the promise for beneficial applications, such as retail navigation and shelf-level advertising in supermarkets and shopping malls. However, we observe that in existing VLP systems, receiving devices are heavily burdened in VLC to avoid light flickering, which is caused by their intensity-based modulation method. As human eyes are sensitive to low rate changes in light intensity, the lamps have to transmit pulses at a high pulse rate (over 1 kHz) to prevent flickering, even though the message size required for localization is small. Since the pulse rate far exceeds the camera's sampling capability (30fps), the design of the receiving side has to incorporate hardware modification to mobile devices – an additional customized light sensor is required and it relies on cumbersome calibration for the received signal strength to work properly [1]. A recent interesting idea is to leverage the rolling shutter effect of the CMOS image sensor to decode high-rate pulses from the high-resolution image [2]. Although its effectiveness has been shown in high-end smartphones with high-resolution (40 megapixel) cameras, the decodable distance is very limited


With the development of accelerator mass spectrometry,a variety of long-lived cosmogenic nuclides,especially the in-situ cosmogenic nuclides 10Be and 26Al,are increasingly applied to earth sciences.Based on published procedures,a modified procedure for 10Be and 26Al exposure dating has been developed,which includes 10Be and 26Al extraction,anion exchange column separation,purification and target preparation.In this procedure,NCS 9Be was chosen instead of Merck and Fluka as the carrier for the 10Be sample,with a small amount of ion exchange resin instead of a large one.In particular,the elution curve for an anion exchange column procedure by Purdue University was modified as 0.05 mol/L H2C2O4-0.75 mol/L HCl to elute Al.The results of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry(AMS) show that the average for 10Be/9Be and 26Al/27Al of thirteen chemical blanks were 7.48×10-15 and 1.96×10-15,respectively,as low as those of other AMS laboratories.The ICP-AES results indicated the recoveries of Be and Al were 90% and 60%,respectively.One sample from Jinfosi Site,North of Qilian Shan Mountain,was tested based on this new procedure.The dating results of(10.7±1.0) ka for 10Be and(10.0±1.2) ka for 26Al,were consistent with published geological results.


With the development of society, people have gradually changed from the pursuit of food and clothing to the
pursuit of aesthetics and artistic taste. Art education is a compulsory course of compulsory education, it can cultivate
learners' aesthetic and artistic cultivation. "Creative Workshop" is a kind of aesthetic education course introduced by our
school through the introduction of intangible cultural inheritance. It is an emerging teaching model in which masters lead
apprentices. This education model can not only enhance learners' interest in learning, but also stimulate their own
enthusiasm for learning. This article mainly analyzes the importance of aesthetic education, and puts forward some
strategic suggestions on the curriculum reform of aesthetic education from the perspective of "creative workshops" for
reference.


C ontrolled release delivery system provides a uniform concentration or amount of the drug at the absorption site and thus, after absorption allow maintenance of plasma concentrations within a therapeutic range, which minimizes side effects and also reduces the frequency of administration. The overall objective of this work was to develop a tablet glipizide oral sustained release prepared by the method of direct compression, using hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K-100M) and xanthan gum polymer alone and in combination at various concentrations. Glipizide has a relatively short plasma half-life and low absolute bioavailability. All batches were evaluated for the precompression and post compresson. The hydrophilic matrix of HPMC alone cannot control the release glipizide effective for 12 h while when combined with xanthan gum, may slow down the release of the drug and, therefore, can be successfully employed for the formulation of matrix tablets SR.


The goal of the ALICE Time of Flight detector, based on MRPC technology, is to perform charged particle identification in |η|<1. This large area (150 m), finely segmented detector (~160,000 channels), provides fast signals which will contribute to the Level 0 and Level 1 trigger decisions. We use the TOF detector information to perform an online estimate of the total track multiplicity and to identify simple and peculiar topologies like those produced by peripheral collisions and by cosmic muons. The system architecture foresees a first layer of 72 VME boards interfacing the detector front-end to a second layer, which receives and processes all the information and takes trigger decisions.


Examined are the main development trends in the field of higher education, the originality of their manifestation in Russian society. The specificity of the continuity of learning is revealed, the directions of transformation of the educational process in the context of digitalization are determined. The topic of the effectiveness of the implementation of innovative methods in educational activities, such as case-method, tutoring, interactive training, was touched upon. The duality of the study is noted, since the introduction of innovative methods into the educational activities of Russian universities, on the one hand, has a positive effect on the state of the educational system, on the other hand, it gives rise to a tendency towards an increase in social and digital inequality in education and society as a whole, and also presupposes changes in requirements. to the teaching staff, which is now required first of all to be motivated and ready to master and use modern innovative methods in educational practice.


The Wilcoxon-Mann-Witney test is extended to account for a second independent factor. The new test statistic's probability mass function and normal approximation are derived. Critical-values for balanced, unbalanced, and large sample designs are given. The immediate extension of this method to a wide range of non-parametric tests is explained.


The unique property of the convolution integral of the shifted Legendre polynomials is used to solve convolution integral equations. Three important types of integral equations: (i) first-order of the first kind, (ii) second-order of the first kind, and (iii) the integral equation of the second kind, are studied in the present paper. The basic idea in solving the integral equation is that the state variables are expressed in terms of the shifted Legendre polynomial series. Series of the algebraic equations of the expansion coefficients are obtained and are calculated recursively by the powerful proposed computational algorithm. Examples are given for illustration. Very satisfactory computational results are obtained.


The severity of athe rosclerotic processes in carotid arteries and hemodynamic characteristics of blood flow in middle meningeal arteries are studied in 21 patients with arterial hypertension. Common, external, internal carotid and middle meningeal arteries are observed by the color duplex scanning method. The variation of intima-media as fragmentation and enlargement is noted in 100% of the cases, atherosclerotic plaques in 86%, brachiocephal vessel flexures in 67% of the cases. It is established that arterial hypertension results in the associated lesion of organs-targets. Atherosclerotic changes in brachiocephal vessels are revealed practically in all the examined patients with the average cholesterol value 4,8±0,3 mmol/l. Besides, the peripheric vascular resistance increased and rate characteristics in middle meningeal arteries decreased.


Résumé . Abstract. During his trips to Cyprus in 1870 and 1873, the German orientalist and diplo mat Paul Schröder, was able to study the Lang and Cesnola epigraphic collections. His correspondence with Justus Olshausen (an orientalist himself, but also a councillor of the Prussian Ministry of Education) contains precious information on some newly discovered important Phoenician and syllabic inscriptions. These derive mostly from Lang's excava tions and acquisitions at Idalion and Drymou, but also from Cesnola's activities at Kition-Batsalos and Golgoi. This paper constitutes the fourth chapter on Schröder's archives, following the first three published


LaFeO3 LFO, La0.8Sr0.2FeO3 LSFO and LaMg0.1Fe0.9O3 (LMFO) thick films were prepared by screen printing from oxide powders made by the solgel citrate method. Their structural, electrical and gassensing properties at exposure to various gases, such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), methane (CH4) and ethylene (C2H4), are reported. The results of X-ray diffraction experiments show that these compounds have orthorhombic crystal structure. The substitutions of Sr2+ ion for La3+ in the A-site and Mg2+ ion for Fe3+ in the B-site in the perovskite ABO3 structure change only slightly the values of the lattice constants, but to a much larger extent electrical properties of the base material. LaFeO3 showed very good sensing performance to environmental monitoring of various gases at different operation temperatures. In addition, all LFO, LSFO and LMFO thick films were very sensitive to C2H4.


Welcome to this edition of the E-Resources Review! This issue includes a review of LibKey Nomad from Third Iron, a browser extension that facilitates access to full-text articles through library subscriptions, along with several book reviews. If you would like to become a reviewer or have an idea for an e-resources review, please contact either of the column's co-editors: Megan M. Ruenz, Assistant Professor/E-Resources Librarian, Wheaton College, 501 College Ave, Wheaton, IL 60187. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com and David Leffler, Discovery and Access Librarian, Liberty University, 1971 University Blvd, MSC Box 710170, Lynchburg, VA 24515 Email: email@example.com.


OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of 1α‐hydroxyvitamin D3 on bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy and calcium supplement.


Abstract In this article, I will argue that the implementation of deliberative democracy needs to be supplemented by a specific political morality in order to cultivate free and equal citizens in exercising public reason for achieving a cooperative and inclusive liberal society. This cultivation of personality is literally an educational project with a robust ethical ambition, and hence, it reminds us the orthodox liberal problem concerning the relation between the state and its citizenship education. Following Callan's reformulation of the political conception of the person, I will argue that Rawls's political liberalism can accommodate the ethical demand of deliberative citizenship education. Liberal civic education should legitimately specify its own ethical endowments for active citizenship and need not shy away from making proposals on the cultivation of liberal character that might result in influencing individual's conception of the good. Rawls's theory thus redefines the state neutrality problem on education and paves the way for a framework of deliberative citizenship education.


A sensitive LC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of type A, B and D trichothecenes in cereals is presented. The limits of detection ranged between 0.1 and 0.7 µg kg−1 for all analytes. The method was applied to 289 representatively drawn samples of wheat, rye and oat products. Ninety-four percent of the wheat samples (n = 130), 95% of the rye samples (n = 61) and 100% of the oat samples (n = 98) were contaminated with the type A trichothecenes T-2 and HT-2 toxin. Median levels of T-2/HT-2 (sum of the toxins) were 0.91, 0.53 and 8.2 µg kg−1, respectively. Highest levels were found in wheat bran (24 µg kg−1), rye kernels (3.1 µg kg−1) and oat flakes (85 µg kg−1). All wheat and rye samples and 75% of the oat samples were contaminated with the type B trichothecene deoxynivalenol. Median levels of this toxin were 23, 15 and 0.53 µg kg−1, respectively. Highest levels were found in wheat bran (1160 µg kg−1), rye kernels (288 µg kg−1) and oat flakes (55 µg kg−1). The type B trichothecene nivalenol was detected in 67% of the wheat samples, in 3% of the rye samples and in 24% of the oat samples with highest levels in wheat bran (96 µg kg−1), rye kernels (1.8 µg kg−1) and in oat flakes (17 µg kg−1), respectively. Levels of other type A and B trichothecenes played a minor role, although the rates of contamination were often high. Neither macrocyclic type D trichothecenes (satratoxin G and H, verrucarin A, roridin A) nor diacetylverrucarol and verrucarol (type A trichothecenes), were detected in any of the samples.


Recent experimental work and computational studies on the ductile failure behaviour of highstrength high-toughness materials like aerospace aluminium alloys and gas pipeline steels have shown that Crack Tip Opening Angle (CTOA) can be effectively used to characterise the material fracture resistance in the case of large amounts of stable crack propagation. One of the main difficulties currently limiting the more extensive use of the CTOA fracture toughness parameter is its practical evaluation, either in the real structure or in a laboratory-scale experiment. Although there are a number of test methods available for CTOA calculation, their implementation requires a combined test and finite element analysis and the use of experimental load-deflection data for tuning processes. The authors have recently developed a novel laboratory test technique for direct measurement of the critical CTOA. Fracture tests are conducted on a modified double cantilever beam like specimen. The test samples have a long ligament to allow extensive crack growth and flat sidegrooves of large dimension to facilitate photography of the progressing crack tip. A fine mesh is scribed on the side-groove on both sides of the specimen for accurate study of the crack opening profile. Optical imaging is used to register the uniform deformation of the reference mesh during the fracture experiment. The variation of the slope of the deformed gridlines near the progressing crack tip is measured from captured images. Its value is a representative of the material CTOA. So far the method has been successfully used to determine the steady state CTOA of aluminium alloy (6005A T6) used in railway carriages and gas pipeline steels of grade API X80 and X100. In each case the test approach was able to generate highly consistent CTOA data even from a single specimen. The extensive data set allowed the statistical analysis of the variance of the measured CTOA. The computed stable CTOA was 4.1, 11.1 and 8.5 (with less than 1 o standard deviation) for aluminium alloy, X80 and X100 grade line pipe steel, respectively. This paper presents the results from the implementation of the technique to measure the steady state CTOA of 6005A T6 aluminium alloy. It outlines the design geometry of the testpieces and the procedure used for CTOA computation, and provides a discussion of the obtained results and a comparison between the measured stable CTOA values and the available CTOA data.


Abstract This study explores whether and how different external representations of quantity influence the performance of four-year-old children when constructing sets of a given cardinal number. Three representations of quantity were presented (objects, pictures and number words) in an adaptation of the 'Give-a-number' task, in sets that contained 2–6 items. The results show that the use of pictures facilitated children's performance with quantities of three and four. These results are discussed by analysing the cognitive demands of representational formats, in terms of dual representation and iconicity, and according to the magnitude of the quantities involved.


Composite films based on the polyvinyltrimethylsilane (PVTMS) with polyaniline (PANI) coating were obtained by borderline polymerization of aniline. The obtained coating was shown to differ from the polymer forming in the reaction mixture bulk both in chemical structure and morphology. Ratio and concentration of the reagents, mixing rate, reaction time, and condition of support surface were among the investigated factors affecting the growth and quality of PANI coating. The gas separation characteristics of composite membranes, as affected by the process conditions and the type of PANI, were investigated. It is shown that the proposed method provides a means for obtaining composite membranes that combine high selectivity, especially in O2/N2, He/CH4, and CO2/CH4 separation, with permeability higher than that of known composite materials. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 1379–1384, 2003


The catalytic oxidation of CO to CO2 allows for the removal of poisonous CO to improve indoor and outdoor air quality. Currently, industrial CO oxidation catalysts are not effective at low temperatures. A group of the most promising choices, Au catalysts supported on Mg(OH)2 and MgO, are highly active even at −70 °C, but show decreased activity between 20 and 100 °C. These catalysts also have short lifetimes. Here, we utilize knowledge of plasmonic catalysis in the study of the CO oxidation reaction over plasmonic Au catalysts. We hypothesized that light interacting with catalysts via surface plasmon resonances has the potential to dramatically improve such catalytic reactions. Initial experiments demonstrated a significant improvement of the catalytic activity and lifetime under light. Using the particular features in the temperature dependent conversion curve of this catalyst, we developed a method to separately examine the thermal and nonthermal contributions of light. Detailed studies on the relations...


The variety of study methods used at universities still is conservative and more pragmatic, but there is an increasing tendency to change study methodology to more and more student-centred and to focus on the students' ability to become valuable workforce for SMEs. The necessity for development of study methods clearly demonstrates the research problem. At the same time, universities are facing pressure from governmental authorities to internationalize – student and teacher mobility, international partners and projects are highly recommended. The main process at universities is the study process. But also internationalization should support the study process and students in achieving practice-based learning outcomes. Facing these challenges, NOBANET network of universities has elaborated and piloted the study method Cross-Border Assignments (CBA) linking students' future ability to successfully incorporate in the job market and the requirement for internationalization of studies. The aim of this article is to introduce and assess the CBA as a method to involve student work and students to engage in entrepreneurship problems. The authors have collected and analysed feedback of 10 CBAs implemented in 6 different universities. The feedback was received by using questionnaires with mainly closed questions. The results show that companies are satisfied with students' work and they also appreciate teachers. The main conclusion about assessment of this method gives valuable contribution to scientific literature as a description of modern study method and good practice in linking HEIs and SMEs. Gratitude is expressed to the Nordic Council of Ministers for funding NOBANET project and project EKOSOC-LV, part 5.2.2. and INTERFRAME-LV.


Hypernuclei were discovered in 1952 by M. Danysz and J. Pniewski in photographic emulsions that went with high altitude balloon flights. The weak decay of a Λ nucleon accounted for the abundant energy release in a secondary star, which is the signature of what was called a hyperfragment. Many surprises were offered by hypernuclei through a large variety of experiments over a long period of time.Among the surprises is the small spin‐orbit interaction of the Λ particle observed in p shell nuclei with the strangeness exchange reaction (K−, π−) and later accurately determined by the observation of γ ray transitions in Λ13C. Major s, p, d, and f shell states were observed in Λ89Y with associated strangeness production in the reaction (π+, K+). Another surprise was the large ratio Γn/Γp which describes the preference for the non‐mesonic decay Λn → nn over Λp → np of hypernuclei.


This paper reports on a faculty workshop devoted to the discovery and analysis of death attitudes and life affirmation offered as a credit course for faculty and staff at Miami-Dade Junior College, Miami. Florida. The workshop was supported by the administration of the college as a part of its faculty development program. The paper reports on the rationale for the workshop, life-denying characteristics exhibited by some college teachers, a tentative interpretation of these characteristics and the manner in which they may be modified, a review of the workshop goals created by the staff and workshop participants, some strategies used, and some of the ways in which evaluations were made during and at the conclusion of the workshop.


Some functional and structural performance of tungsten (W) are related to its texture characteristics. Usually, W serves in high temperature and may undergo recrystallization. Thus it's necessary to evaluate the recrystallization texture of W. In our previous studies, pure W (PW) and W-1.0wt%La2O3 (WL10) were deformed via unidirectional rolling (UNR), cross rolling (CRR) and clock rolling (CLR) with 80% reduction. In the present paper, PW-UNR, PW-CRR, PW-CLR and WL10-UNR were subjected to annealing at 2073 K for 2 h to achieve recrystallization and figure out the evolution mechanism of recrystallization texture in W materials. Besides, the effect of La2O3 on recrystallization texture of W was discussed. The results indicated that the fiber textures in rolling state were transformed into isolated textures after recrystallization. {001}〈uvw〉 isolated texture formed in the recrystallized W may be mainly resulted from the texture inheritance. {113}〈361〉 isolated texture formed in the recrystallized WL10-UNR may be attributed to the orientated growth of {113}〈361〉 grains with high grain boundary mobility facilitated by La2O3. Generally, isolated textures near θ-fiber were strengthened while γ-fiber was weakened for W during recrystallization, which is an effective method to achieve W with more {001} and less {111} textures.


In this paper, an iterative algorithm for decentralized beamforming with internal penalty function is proposed. This algorithm utilizes the property that a stationary point corresponding to local maximum of the objective function is found when gradient is zero. The convergence of the proposed algorithm is proved. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is more robust against intra-cell and inter-cell interference than the traditional ones. Especially the proposed algorithm has higher rates as the number of users increases.


For the first 30 minutes, a stillborn baby feels soft and warm, just like a live baby. The time immediately after birth can be seen as an "acute" situation – a time that can never be relived. After just 30 minutes, the baby will grow cold, and its colour will change. Following stillbirth, parents are in a state of shock, and asking whether they want to see and hold their baby may suggest that it is not obvious that they would want to do so. This creates doubt, and for many the spontaneous reaction may be to reply with a refusal they later regret. Not seeing the baby immediately after delivery also means not holding the baby immediately afterwards. Parents who have both seen and held the baby during the first 30 minutes describes this as the most valuable time they had with their baby.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and resistance of clinically isolated Alcaligenes xylosoxidans(Al.xylosoxidans) strains.METHODS The distribution of 85 trains of Al.xylosoxidans causing nosocomial infection was retrospectively analyzed.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer method.RESULTS Of the specimens from which Al.xylosoxidans strains were isolated,95.29% were from sputum,the minority were from wounds or keratitis secretions,which was mainly obtained from patients with low immunity.The infections distributed widely in respiratory department and ICU,accounting for 43.53 % and 25.88%,respectively,followed by cerebral surgery department(10.59%),neurology department(7.06%),endocrinology department(5.88%),oncology department(3.53%),orthopedics department(2.35%) and ophthalmology department(1.18%).The drug resistance rates of the isolates to aztreonam and aminoglycoside antibiotics varied from 78.82% to 87.06%.The drug resistance rates to ceftriaxone,cefotaxim,cefepime,piperacillin,ciprofloxacin,and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim were 58.82%,63.53%,62.35%,52.94%,63.53%,and 62.35%,respectively.The strains were susceptible to carbapenems,β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations and ceftazidime with the drug resistance varying from 0 to 18.82%.CONCLUSION Al.xylosoxidans infections mainly occurs in respiratory tract.Disinfection of hospital environment with strict sterilization management system shall be strengthened and antibiotics should be used reasonably so as to reduce nosocomial infections.


Planting the concept of norms in the life of the community and is expected that students will be ready to face the test of class increase that is ready or not ready they must face. To create a teaching material so as not to be forgotten by the students, teachers should look for methods to remind all the memory in the minds of students they have received. Teachers should be able to instill the concept of knowledge to use their long-term memory for norms in the life of society, one of which is used scientific learning. This research uses action research for three rounds. Each round consists of four stages: design, implementation and observation, reflection, and revision. The result of this research is using learning approach of science subject matter to understand the concept of norms in life of society can positively influence to student learning activity of class VII of SMP Negeri 2 Pandalian and approach of this science can be used as one of alternative of learning PKN.


We have studied luminescence of silica porous glasses excited by the UV laser. Two wide peaks with maxima at about 540 and 740 nm were observed. They did not change after thermal treatment at 200° C and thus were not attributed to the capillar water. After the treatment in hexamethyldisilazane the peak at 740 nm completely vanished. We argue that this peak is due to the water molecules, chemically bonded on the surface of voids and that visible luminescence is connected with silicon enriched regions (silicon clusters).


Round ligament leiomyoma are extremely rare benign tumors. It may present with wide range of clinical presentations depending on its site of origin, on the long course of round ligament. It has been reported round ligament leiomyoma commonly arises from extra peritoneal end of round ligament. There have been case reports where round ligament fibroid have presented like incarcerated inguinal hernia, vulvar swelling, inguinal lymph node. We present a case of intraperitoneal round ligament leiomyoma. A 40 year old female presented to gynecology Opd with a pain abdomen, abdominal distension and a mass of 26-28 weeks size gravid uterus, pelvic in origin. Her CA-125 level was 185 U/ml, CT abdomen suggested neoplastic ovarian tumor. With provisional diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma, patient was taken for exploratory laparotomy. Intraoperative findings suggested mass arising from intraperitoneal part of round ligament, with solid and cystic component and ascites. Bilateral ovaries and tubes were healthy and separately seen from mass. Histopathology report confirmed leiomyoma with hyaline and cystic degeneration. Large round ligament leiomyoma with degenerative changes can mimic ovarian carcinoma on imaging. A tissue biopsy or MRI before surgery can be of help.


A legal analysis method has been used to study if a Swedish citizen, in theory, can avoid judgement by committing a murder aboard an unregistered vessel that is sailing on international waters. The studied material includes maritime and criminal law literature, treaties and codifications, and cases regarding jurisdiction over vessels.

A state needs a jurisdictional nexus to either the crime subject or the crime object to establish jurisdiction over a crime. Such a jurisdictional nexus can be based upon where the crime was committed, the nationality of the perpetrator, the nationality of the victim or the nature of the offence.

A vessel sailing on international water should be registered by a national maritime authority. Any state is free to apply its jurisdiction over an unregistered vessel, without any objections from another state, if a jurisdictional nexus can be established.

Sweden will not claim jurisdiction via the territorial or flag state principle since the crime was committed on an unregistered vessel on international waters. Jurisdiction can be established due to the nationality principle since the perpetrator is a Swedish citizen. Another state might have jurisdiction over the crime as well depending on the nationality of the victim.

A Swedish perpetrator can therefore not avoid prosecution by committing it on an unregistered vessel on international waters.


A charge balance digital control method is proposed for dc-dc converters operating in both continuous conduction mode(CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode(DCM).To achieve the desired duty ratio,the controller uses parallel computing and combinational logic to calculate and compare the average charge current and the output current.Thanks to this scheme,a good dynamic performance is guaranteed even for disturbance across different conduction modes.The tight voltage regulation is also provided by incorporating the dual mode control strategy which utilizes a linear compensator during steady state.The control method is valid for three basic converters: buck,boost,and buck-boost.Simulation and experimental results on a positive buck-boost converter confirm the effectiveness of the proposed solution.


A multi-user multi-antenna transmission apparatus based on a double codebook and a transmission method thereof are disclosed. The transmission apparatus according to the present invention comprises an effective channel information reception unit to receive an effective channel matrix for a transmission channel; a zero-forcing pre-coding unit to execute zero-forcing pre-coding which removes interference between the users based on the effective channel matrix by receiving data streams; a beam-forming unit to execute beam-forming by receiving the data streams in which the zero-forcing pre-coding is executed from the zero-forcing pre-coding unit; and a multi-antenna array to transmit the data streams in which the beam-forming is executed by the beam-forming unit to multiple users. When the method and the apparatus according to the present invention are used, the user can obtain effects to effectively process the interference between the terminals and to improve a transmission capacity in a multi-layer beam-forming environment.


Theoretical analysis of bond in RAC has been carried out using the thick-cylinder analogy and the calculated results are compared with the experimental results from the unconfined 132 splice beam specimens tested under four-point bending. The parameters for this investigation were: grades of concrete (normal-, medium- and high-strength), recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) replacement levels (0%, 50% and 100%), rebar diameter (12 mm and 20 mm), splice lengths, ratio of concrete cover to rebar diameter and surface rib characteristics. Similar behavior in bond has been observed in the concrete made with natural aggregates and the concrete obtained by selected levels of RCA replacements which means that the same mechanism was at play in both the types of concrete. A comparison of the obtained experimental results has been carried out by the theoretical models.


Sixteen Pennsylvania potato chip makers are surveyed about their potato acquisition and storage practices. The feasibility of storing potatoes for chipping at the plant is examined. Storage of potatoes by the firms appears to be economically attractive, especially for four to six months. The implications of increased at-plant storage on movements of potatoes are discussed.


University of Victoria,University of California, Santa Barbara,United States Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California,Moss Landing Marine Laboratories,Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. Chief Scientists: Tom Lorenson, Charlie Paull. Geological and Geophysical data (12khz, 3dot5khz, CTDmeter, waterbottle) of field activity P-1-02-SC in Southern California, between Point Arguello and Point Conception from 03/19/2002 to 03/23/2002, http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/p/p102sc/html/p-1-02-sc.meta.html.


This paper analyses the situation of how to change the less advanced students and the psychological factors affecting them, and it puts forward some related teaching methods.


In this article we want to study the ceremonies of acclamation of king John VI that took place in Tejuco in 1818. The decoding of the rich array of aesthetic images found in those celebrations may be a privileged strategy to the understand of the creation, at that moment, of the myths that would support and direct the affirmation of the political prestige of the king and the consolidation of his domain on the region and on the whole Brazilian territory. We will explore here especially the conflict of memories between the symbolic meanings of the celebrations that occurred in Minas and the revolt of the people against the Portuguese colonial exploitation that had occurred about three decades before in the region.


Nurul Jadid, one of the biggest Islamic boarding schools in Indonesian with 10,154 students, faces difficulties in running Islamic boarding schools' educational administration. The validity of student data is crucial to the ongoing process of education. If complex and large amounts of data are not managed properly, data validation issues may arise. If there are issues with validating student data, islamic boarding schools will struggle to obtain information on the growth of their students. In the end, it will be challenging for Islamic boarding schools to decide on policy directions for the growth of Islamic boarding schools. The Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School Paiton Probolinggo created the Pedatren (Islamic Boarding School Data Management) application to address this issue. The Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School developed the application Pedatren with the goal of bridging the data interests of all institutions and organizations. Every user who can log in to Pedatren is given access rights according to their respective interests by using the jami' wal mani' principle to provide levels of use, or access rights. The goal of this study is to provide a description of the Pedatren application and how it aids in the management of the Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School in Paiton Probolinggo. The data for this study were collected through in-depth interviews, extensive observations, and trials on the Pedatren application. Parenting programs, application-based student permits, application-based student attendance and ustadz, as well as the islamic boarding school database are all included in the Pedatren application. The Node.Js programming language, PM2 vue js clustering framework, and Rest-Api are all used in the management of this islamic boarding school's data. Pedatren can be an effective and efficient management solution for Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School with indicators, maximum service quickly, simplify searches, become a comprehensive Islamic boarding school database, become policy considerations, and become the main data in inter-institutional systems and local government.


How do everyday goals shape the way people categorize others in the social environment? Research on social categorization has emphasized the role of feature-based categories such as race and gender, showing that people rely on such categories when perceiving and remembering others. We tested the hypothesis that social perception may depend on a new type of category—what we call "goal instrumentality," or the extent to which others are useful for an active goal. We demonstrate that people make more memory errors within the categories of "instrumental" and "noninstrumental," and fewer between-category errors, when a goal has been subtly activated. We also demonstrate that people perceive others within the categories of "instrumental" and "noninstrumental" to be more similar, and others from the two different categories to be less similar, following subliminal goal activation. We discuss implications for the understanding of social categorization and the influence of goals on social cognition.


A recent study designed to reflect clinical practice examined whether preimplantation genetic testing increased live birth rates in women of advanced maternal age.


Corticospinal drive has been shown to contribute significantly to the control of walking in adult human subjects. It is unknown to what extent functional change in this drive is important for maturation of gait in children. In adults, populations of motor units within a muscle show synchronized discharges during walking with pronounced coherence in the 15–50 Hz frequency band. This coherence has been shown to depend on cortical drive. Here, we investigated how this coherence changes with development. Forty‐four healthy children aged 4–15 years participated in the study. Electromyographic activity (EMG) was recorded from pairs of electrodes placed over the right tibialis anterior (TA) muscle during static dorsiflexion and during walking on a treadmill (speed from 1.8 to 4.8 km h−1). A significant increase of coherence with increasing age was found in the 30–45 Hz frequency band (gamma) during walking and during static ankle dorsiflexion. A significant correlation with age was also found in the 15–25 Hz frequency band (beta) during static foot dorsiflexion. χ2 analysis of differences of coherence between different age groups of children (4–6, 7–9, 10–12 and 13–15 years of age) revealed a significantly lower coherence in the gamma band for recordings during walking in children aged 4–6 years as compared to older children. Recordings during static dorsiflexion revealed significant differences in both the beta and gamma bands for children in the 4–6 and 7–9 years age groups as compared to the older age groups. A significant age‐related decrease in step‐to‐step variability of toe position during the swing phase of walking was observed. This reduction in the step‐to‐step variability of gait was correlated with increased gamma band coherence during walking. We argue that this may reflect an increased ability to precisely control the ankle joint position with age, which may be contingent on maturation of corticospinal control of the foot dorsiflexor muscles.


The subject of this paper is to present the results of the study detailing the essence of the value concept 'honor' within the framework of English, German and Russian language cultures as a reflection of the basic values of society in the today's linguistic world. The methods of the research were theoretical analysis of the works of philologists and pedagogues on the structure and essence of the value concept 'honor' as a synergetic unity of the two notions. The component analysis of dictionary definitions and their subsequent step-by-step identification is given. A review of various treatments of 'honor' is suggested, ranging from 'respect', 'reputation', 'faith', 'mark of approval', 'creditable' to 'dishonor', 'discredit', 'shame', 'ill repute' and so on. An attempt is made to characterize 'honor' as one of the axiological concepts and a socially and culturally conditional pattern of approval/disapproval.


Abstract In many European countries the question of cultural identity has gained special importance due to the increase of globalization, the position of the United States, and the European unification. How can political leaders deal with these developments without alienating their people? In what ways do they express national identity in popular communication? Is nationalism a characteristic of their rhetoric? These questions are asked in regard to thirty-six New Year's speeches held by the last five French presidents. By answering these questions we will develop a perspective on the concepts of national identity and nationalism. Discourse analysis shows a typical discourse for every president, in which nationalist rhetoric appears to play a role. Above all, differences between three structures of significance, or frames, are distinguished, which can be described as 'sense of belonging' or 'paternal protection', 'the myth of French values', and 'the significant other'.


Many media exist for communication, such as LTE, IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLANs), millimeter-wave communications, and visible light communications (VLCs), and a lot of research has been conducted to find methods to improve the performance of each medium. However, the use of a single medium for communication limits the performance upper bound that can be achieved by using more than one medium for communication. Moreover, some media are widely used, while others are not because their use cases are limited. Therefore, the more commonly used media still suffer from a lack of bandwidth, while bandwidth for other media types is abundant. In this paper, we propose a heterogeneous media communications (HeMCOM) framework, where multiple media are used for leveraging the abundant bandwidth and increasing the total communication performance. HeMCOM focuses on leveraging the difference of the PHY and MAC characteristics of each medium. This paper summarizes the HeMCOM concept, introduces related works from the point of view of this concept, and discusses the possibility of using several types of media.


By searching papers related to big data in Web of Science and Cnki, this paper adopts bibliometric analysis, visual analysis and content analysis to analyze the literature.We also analyze the research status and development trend in the field of systemic financial risk.In the end,we conclude that the current research hotspot of systemic financial risk tends to enter the direction of supervision and Internet finance.


This Article shows that innovation is a process that has specific characteristics, that these characteristics give rise to an important corporate governance tradeoff, and that complying with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) likely impacts this tradeoff to the detriment of innovation.Innovation is a process that results in new goods, services, methods of production, and forms of business organization. Innovation can vastly improve the welfare of consumers, investors, firms, and the economy. Decentralization and an emphasis on strategic internal control are governance structures that facilitate innovation. The ultimate purpose of these structures is to induce managers to overcome myopia and undertake the types of long-term, risky, dynamic, and knowledge-intensive activities that result in innovation.Innovation-facilitating structures and activities may, however, also increase the ability of managers to benefit themselves at the expense of investors. Value-maximizing companies must therefore negotiate the tradeoffs between reducing myopia and preventing managerial opportunism. SOX requires all public companies to increase objective monitoring of managers by outsiders to reduce opportunism. However, a substantial portion of innovative companies likely maximize value by placing a greater emphasis on proximate monitoring by insiders than SOX permits. The law thus upsets the optimal governance balance in such companies and likely undermines their ability to provide the most value to investors and consumers.


New forms of art have developed because of the possibilities that modern technology provides for artists. However, innovative technology can not only be used in the creation of new media art but also sets a range of new opportunities for the presentation and communication of visual art. In this paper, we want to introduce an approach for the presentation of visual artworks in interactive virtual environments. In this work, we showcase a project that focuses on the problem of exploring and implementing innovative approaches and technologies for displaying art in a 3D virtual environment. We wish to excite people about art by offering them an entertaining and educational virtual experience. Furthermore, we want to contribute towards escaping from the common exhibition space by creating a virtual application that augments the presented artwork by offering an interactive audience experience.