Heating/cooling units provide comfort in the home to the degree their air distribution systems have been designed and installed to operate at peak performance levels. An energy-efficient residential air distribution system transmits an optimum quantity of conditioned air to each room, and then returns the air to the equipment. These functions must be performed within the equipment's capabilities -- in terms of static pressure, cubic feet per minute, heating and cooling capacity, and sound level. Even the most technically advanced system operates inefficiently if its ductwork has been improperly designed or installed. It is therefore essential that designers of air distribution systems and the technicians who install them, understand air movement and air-moving equipment. In designing for space heating and/or cooling, the objective is a simple, direct system that delivers comfort dependably and conveniently at the lowest possible initial and operating costs. Simplicity and directness are the keys to both low cost and good performance in a duct system. This handbook is an easy-to-use reference for duct design and installation procedures. It provides explanations of basic engineering principles and theories relating to duct systems for inservice and preservice technical education programs at high school and post-secondary levels. Each section ismore » followed by a set of review questions. The handbook presents a practical method for designing supply and return ductwork, and includes a glossary, friction charts, line drawings of ductwork fittings and symbols used in ductwork design, easily understood formulas, and a reproducible air distribution worksheet form. 5 refs., 20 figs., 10 tabs.« less


On this paper we try to open the discussion about the role of technology on this contemporaneity from the point of view of technical philosophy. Its contents present diverse approaches about the topic, and propose a conceptualization of technology focused on human values above material objects. It addresses the topic of digital media and social networks as new space-time categories that open up new perspectives for the social process. Finally it relates the technical advancement with digital media and the possibility of establishing new inter-subjectivities as a meeting point and human reflection


Mormondom 1847–1910 provides a test case for examining consumerism. Zion's rapid changes produced a chronologically and geographically condensed instance of larger transformations in consumption attendant with the market economy's rise. Before the railroad's 1869 arrival, weak eastern commercial linkages created a marketplace of limited choices. The railroad, however, expanded the number and range of goods and so encouraged Mormons to revise their understandings of consumption. Before 1869, Mormons—recognizing limited choices—attached little gravity to shopping. Goods reflected status, but did not reveal personhood. Moreover, the Saints viewed goods through a prism of local experience. After 1869, swelling choices invited Mormons to link consumption and self-definition. To make sense of imports without local meaning, Mormons turned to a transatlantic Victorianism. This new sensibility, however, offered fewer openings to shape commodity symbolism; the meaning of possessions became less local and participatory. Commodity meaning emerged not from the promotional efforts of manufacturers, but the sentimental themes of popular literature. The Mormon experience suggests consumer theories crediting advertising with the reorganization of identity around consumption err in chronology and causality. Instead, the converging expansions of commodity variation and the popular press propelled the identification of consumer choice as the means for subjective expression and personal identification.


This research examined the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on firm performance of Ethiopian Micro Finance Institutions. Data was collected from eight Micro Finance Institutions in the financial year 2013-2018 and multiple regression analysis was used to determine whether the existing corporate governance mechanisms influence the firm performance or not. The analysis was based on balanced panel data over a period. To achieve the objectives, variables Return on assets and Return on equity were employed as the key variables that measure the performance of firms. On the other hand board size, Board gender diversity, Frequency of Board Meetings, Board's political affiliation, were used as independent variables and firm size and firm leverage used as control variable to measure the corporate governance. The independent variable of the study explained 50.52 percent of ROA. And there is statistically significant relationship between Board gender diversity, Board Members Political affiliation and firm profit performance (ROA) at 5 percent level of significance. Generally, the result is similar to earlier studies that corporate governance has an effect on firm performance.


Brain computer interface (BCI) technologies, which enable direct communication between the brain and external devices, have been developed. However, with most of the BCI systems, users can only choose something from among what was prepared in advance. To develop more versatile BCI systems that can detect a user's intention or thoughts, the brain responses associated with verbal imagery need to be clarified. However, it was unclear how each parameter of the imagined sound reflected to the brain response associated with sound imagery. Therefore, in this study, we investigated relationships between the amplitude-envelope of the imagined sound and brain activity. First, the time-frequency features were extracted from brain responses for the imagery of speech sounds and pure tones with same envelopes with speech sounds using a continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and a principal component analysis (PCA). Finally, the discriminative accuracy was compared using a support vector


From the mid970s to the early i 98os Canada participated in negotiations on the transfer of technology held under the auspices. of two major international forums: the United Nations Fourth Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD IV) and the United Nations Third Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS I ii). Despite the similarity in the range of participants, inside and outside the federal government, and in the policymaking processes, the outcomes varied considerably. In the UNCTAD negotiations, Canada solidly aligned itself with the Western industrialized states in strong support of a voluntary code for technology transfers. At U N C LOS Canada was not firmly aligned with its traditional allies, nor did it argue forcefully in favour of voluntary guidelines in preference to mandatory regulations. In the view of public servants in three departments of the federal government, representatives of two major Canadian business groups, and delegations from several other countries, Canada's policies at UNCLOS were inconsistent with those it pursued at UNCTAD. The main purpose of this study is thus


The first All-Union School Seminar for Young Scientists on the subject "The family and personality" took place in Svenigorod from 17 September through 22 September 1984, under the auspices of Faculty of Psychology of Moscow State University. Participants included philosophers, legal experts, demographers, orientalists, ethnographers, geneticists, educators, psychologists, sociologists, psychotherapists, and sexologists-in all, over one hundred scientific and practical workers from many cities of the country who constitute the nucleus of the school.


Twelve sites in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta which represented different habitats from shallow water brackish embayment to deep freshwater channel and experience regular Microcystis blooms were sampled biweekly in the summer of 2007, and 5 were again sampled biweekly in the summer of 2008. As part of a pilot study, samples were analyzed for the stable isotopic compositions of particulate organic matter (POM), nitrate (NO3), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and water, in addition to the normal suite of chemical and biological parameters. DSM2 modeling output proved very useful in evaluating how much of the temporal variability was due to tides and flow, and allowed us to compare chemical and isotopic indicators of water sources with modeled percentages of water sources. The POM, NO3, and water isotopic measurements proved useful for identifying sources of organic matter, NO3, and water; there was insufficient DOC-δC data to fully assess its usefulness. The main conclusions from this study are that (1) Sacramento River and San Joaquin River water and nutrients are isotopically distinguishable; (2) the dominant source of NO3 to the Delta sites studied is the San Joaquin River; (3) most of the NH4 at the study sites is derived from the Sacramento River; and (4) NH4, not NO3, is the dominant source of N fueling the Microcystis blooms in the Delta in the summers of 2007 and 2008.


In Ceaseless Persuit of Holy and Pure Ideal,Zhu Ziqing's witing ideas had been only due to the influences of times,simplifying his profound and complex emotions into his personality and equating his other works with that of Monnlight Over the Lotus Pond,whose illustration is just far away from its text form.Lotus image in Zhu Ziqing's works is as pretty as a beauty,revealing that it is beauty's prototype symbol;while the writing motive originates from his subconcious "complex".The application of picking lotus poems is corresponding to the description of lotus,which is the expressing form of his subconciousness.Thus,lotus image is the beauty's symble and picking lotus poems reveal the love of beauty metaphorically.


Background: The brain is rich in lipid content, so a physiopathological pathway in Alzheimer's disease (AD) could be related to lipid metabolism impairment. The study of lipid profiles in plasma samples could help in the identification of early AD changes and new potential biomarkers. Methods: An untargeted lipidomic analysis was carried out in plasma samples from preclinical AD (n = 11), mild cognitive impairment-AD (MCI-AD) (n = 31), and healthy (n = 20) participants. Variables were identified by means of two complementary methods, and lipid families' profiles were studied. Then, a targeted analysis was carried out for some identified lipids. Results: Statistically significant differences were obtained for the diglycerol (DG), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), monoglyceride (MG), and sphingomyelin (SM) families as well as for monounsaturated (MUFAs) lipids, among the participant groups. In addition, statistically significant differences in the levels of lipid families (ceramides (Cer), LPE, LPC, MG, and SM) were observed between the preclinical AD and healthy groups, while statistically significant differences in the levels of DG, MG, and PE were observed between the MCI-AD and healthy groups. In addition, 18:1 LPE showed statistically significant differences in the targeted analysis between early AD (preclinical and MCI) and healthy participants. Conclusion: The different plasma lipid profiles could be useful in the early and minimally invasive detection of AD. Among the lipid families, relevant results were obtained from DGs, LPEs, LPCs, MGs, and SMs. Specifically, MGs could be potentially useful in AD detection; while LPEs, LPCs, and SM seem to be more related to the preclinical stage, while DGs are more related to the MCI stage. Specifically, 18:1 LPE showed a potential utility as an AD biomarker.


The winding tension and package mass can affect the characteristics of rotor-spun yarns. The properties most affected are the elongation at break and yarn imperfections, particularly thick places, so that the yarn irregularity is also affected. Increases in winding tension above a given value reduce the yarn quality quite independently of the package mass. When the winding tension is low, however, this mass exerts some influence, the yarn quality deteriorating as the package mass increases.


Selected tissues from 13 germfree and 3 specific pathogen-free cats experimentally infected with feline infectious enteritis were studied electron microscopically. Intestinal lesions consisting of dilatation of intercellular spaces and of endoplasmic reticular cisternae occurred only in specific pathogen-free cats. No lesion was demonstrated in the intestine of infected germfree cats, indicating that the virus of feline infectious enteritis may not be solely responsible for the intestinal lesions described in the naturally occurring disease. The lesions in the lymph nodes were identical in specific pathogen-free and germfree cats and consisted of lymphocytic destruction within 72 hours post-inoculation and reactive proliferation of reticular cell-macrophages and plasma cells. The preferred designation of this disease in cats as feline infectious panleukopenia is supported.


The evolutionary approach to space development is discussed in the framework of three overall strategies encompassing four case studies. The first strategy, human expeditions, places emphasis on highly visible, near-term manned missions to Mars or to one of the two moons of Mars. These expeditions are similar in scope and objectives to the Apollo program, with infrastructure development only conducted to the degree necessary to support one or two short-duration trips. Two such expeditionary scenarios, one to Phobus and the other to the Mars surface, are discussed. The second strategy involves the construction of science outposts, and emphasizes scientific exploration as well as investigation of technologies and operations needed for permanent habitation. A third strategy, evolutionary expansion, would explore and settle the inner solar system in a series of steps, with continued development of technologies, experience, and infrastructure.


Abstract Cryogenic machining is one of the environmental friendly machining techniques offers high productivity in machining of difficult to cut materials. The present article investigates the multi response optimization in turning of 17-4 Precipitation Hardened Stainless Steel (PH SS) under the jetting of cryogenic coolant (liquid nitrogen) on the rake face of the cutting tool using Taguchi coupled grey relational analysis (TGRA). Cutting velocity, feed rate and depth of cut were considered as the controllable process parameters. Cutting force, surface roughness, tool flank wear and material removal rate (MRR) were considered as the performance characteristics. Experiments were performed based on Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. From the TGRA result, it was found that at cutting velocity of 120.89 m/min, feed rate at 0.048 mm/rev and depth of cut 0.4 mm obtained the improved turning process performance characteristics. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been used to obtain the tool flank wear and machined surface images at the optimum machining conditions. Further analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been carried out and it was identified that feed rate was most influencing process parameter contributing 53.76% on the multi performance characteristics.


Leadership is the important component that should be possessed by headmaster candidates. Headmaster with a strong leadership potential can make a better development for school so there are many people say that "school is headmaster itself". This study was aimed to analyze leadership potential of elementary school headmaster candidates in Trenggalek region. The samples of this study were 46 teachers who followed headmaster selection. The measurement was conducted through Leadership Potential Assessment (LPA) and interview. The result showed that there were 24 of 46 teachers who followed the test and interview had a good leadership potential to lead the elementary school. Of 24 candidates who passed the test had a good result on leadership skill, as follows: 1) quick and urgent decision making, 2) critical decision making, 3) creative decision making, and decision making based on evident that implements the four leadership skill (influence, move, develop and empower).


This study reports the results of the application of some methods of spatial analysis to the map of Tikal produced by the Tikal Project and published in 1961 (Carr and Hazard, 1961), in an attempt to gain a better understanding of the nature of residential Tikal in Classic times. As in Puleston (1973: 22-24), the following terms will be used in this paper. Epicentral Tikal will refer to the ceremonial core of the site and its assumed elite residences. North-south and east-west axes were drawn from the center of the Great Plaza; the limits of epi· central Tikal would extend 0.40 km on the south axis, 0.75 km on the west axis, 0.50 km on the cast axis, and 1 km on the north axis. The axes correspond to the sun·ey strips which Puleston mapped and studied. Residential Tikal extends from epicentral Tikal to the site boundaries, defined by Puleston as the line outside of which there are more than 2 has of cultivated land per residential structure coupled with the line of the defensive earthworks to the north and south of the center of Tikal (Puleston, 1973: 19; Puleston and Callender, 1967). The unmodified name Tikal will refer to a combination of residential and epicentral Tikal. Intersite areas are areas not continuously covered by remains of structures as between the boundaries of residential Tikal and Uaxactun, regardless of whether it may be demonstrated that these areas fall within the political jurisdiction of a particular site.


Summary PatchView is a Python package for visualizing and analyzing multi channel patch-clamp (multi-patch) data (Neher & Sakmann, 1992), including intrinsic membrane properties and firing pattern analysis (Komendantov et al., 2019; McKinney et al., 2022), mini-event analysis(Clements & Bekkers, 1997), synaptic connection detection (Jiang et al., 2015), morphological analysis (Palacios et al., 2022) and more. PatchView integrates multiple open-source tools and provides an intuitive graphic user interface (GUI) for navigating through the data files and analyses pipeline. It is aimed to enable users to perform most analysis quickly for the data collected in a typical patch-clamp experiment without managing a Python environment or writing any Python scripts. Please refer to the full documentation and the source code for detailed information.


We have investigated the physical and electrical properties of anodic oxide films treated by a variety of aqueous electrolyte solutions. All anodic oxide diodes revealed consecutive current regimes varying with bias voltage as V, V2, and Vn (n≳2) in the steady‐state current‐voltage characteristics. Here, the transition voltage from the V2 to Vn current regime and the voltage exponent n varied depending on the oxide forming electrolyte and the bias direction of the diodes. These electrical properties were interpreted as a space‐charge‐limited current modified by a distributed gap state density in space and in energy. The oxide had a double‐layer structure, a layer containing an anion characteristic of each electrolyte and an anion‐free layer. The anion‐containing layer had a varying gap state distribution. This was due to the anion characteristics, which reduce a deep‐lying gap state density and modify a tail state density. We propose two practical anodizing techniques to control the depth profile of the a...


Cancer is emerging as a public health problem among an array of non-communicable diseases. The common cancers in women are breast, cervix uteri, colo-rectum, ovary, corpus uteri, lung and oral cavity. Breast cancer (BC) is the common cancer (20-30% of all cancers in women) and the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. About half of the BCs and 60% of the deaths are estimated to occur in economically developing countries. In most of the registries in India, BC is the commonest cancer with the highest incidence of nearly 50 per 100,000 women in Trivandrum. Half of this cancer is reported in <50 years of age and it exercises adverse influence on the productive role of women in the society. The factors that contribute to the international variation in BC incidence rates are largely due to the differences in reproductive and hormonal factors and the availability of early detection services. Gynecological cancers account 15-30% of all cancers in women. Cervix uteri cancer (CC) is the 3rd most common cancer affecting women worldwide, the most common cancer among women in several less developed countries and 2nd common cancer in India. During last few decades, this cancer incidence has been decreased in India. Significant declines in CC are likely due to changes in marriage and family planning, supported by underlying improvements in education and socioeconomic status. In spite of decreasing incidence of this cancer, gynecologic cancers have increased in India. Among these, ovary and corpus uteri cancers are the major contributors. Ovarian cancer (OC) has emerged as one of the common malignancies affecting women in India and is the 5th common cancer in India (4th common in Trivandrum). A steady increase has been observed in OC incidence in several registries including Trivandrum. More than 50% of women with OCareunder the age of 50 years. The risk of it increases in  women who have ovulated more over their lifetime. This includes those who begin ovulation at a younger age or reach menopause at an older age. Other risk factors include hormone therapy after menopause, fertility medication and obesity. Factors that decrease risk include hormonal birth control, tubal ligation, and breast feeding. Efforts are to be made to detect ovarian cancer at an early stage by educating population about the risk factors. Corpus uteri cancers (CUC) are most common in western countries but are becoming more common in Asia. In India, the highest CUC incidence rates are observed in Trivandrum and its incidence has been increasing. Presently, it is the 5th common cancer among women in Trivandrum, 75% of women are over the age of 50 years. The risk factors of CUC include obesity, diabetes mellitus, BC, use of tamoxifen, never having had a child, late menopause and high levels of estrogen. Colo-rectal cancer (CRC) is the 2nd most common cancer in women world-wide. The burden of CRC has risen rapidly in some economically developed Asian countries like Japan, South Korea and Singapore. In India, the highest CRC incidence rates are observed in Trivandrum and its incidence has been increasing. Presently, it is the 5th common cancer among women in Trivandrum. The major factors include certain dietary practices and family history of cancer. Individuals with a family history of colon cancer, especially if more than one relative has had the disease, are at increased risk of CRC. Other common cancers in women are tobacco-related cancers such as oral cavity (lip, tongue and mouth) and lung. Declining trends in mouth cancer has been reported in India. Results on the burden, trends in incidence & mortality, risk factors of breast, cervix uteri, ovary and corpus uteri colo-rectal, lung and oral cavity cancers will be presented. Keywords : Cancer in women, breast cancer, cervix uteri cancer, corpus uteri cancer, ovarian cancer, colo-rectal cancer, gynecological cancer, hormone therapy, menopause, oral cavity cancer.


This paper works with the CFD simulation of the process of pyrolysis of lignite particles in a downstream fluidized bed, which actually means the particles would fall down from the injection point and escape the furnace from the bottom. The particle track is solved by using the Lagrangian approach, while the flow of the inert gas (nitrogen) is dealt with by the Eulerian approach. The heat transferred from the nitrogen gas to the surface of particle is computed by means of the famous Ranz-Marshall correlation. The chemical reactions are simulated using part of the coal combustion model inserted in the commercial software used.


Infrared-visible sum frequency generation (SFG) was used to record vibrational spectra in the C-H stretch region of single monolayer Langmuir-Blodgett films of stearic acid, octadecylamine, and p-octadecylphenyl acetic acid on iron oxide, demonstrating the sensitivity of SFG to about 0.1 monolayer. Within our present signal-to-noise limitations, it was not possible to obtain SFG spectra of the aromatic C-H stretch in p-octadecylphenyl acetic acid or the N-H stretch in octadecylamine. Vibrational spectra in the C-H stretch region have also been obtained for chemically adsorbed monolayers of stearic acid and oleic imidazoline on iron oxide; however an undetermined fraction of these spectra result from hydrocarbon contamination. Finally, an SFG spectrum was obtained at a buried interface, that of p-octadecylphenyl acetic acid on iron oxide under water. The potential of SFG as a surface analytical tool is discussed.


Height data of obese children are compared with those of a group of normal school children by calculation of regression equations and correlation coefficients between height and age.The characteristics of the regression lines indicate that with age the relative height advancement of obese children seems to diminish.


Only three of 92 men with ningonococcal uretrhritis were found to be positive when urine sediment was cultured for Trichomonas vaginalis; two of them had been positive on direct examination as well. These results confirm the low frequency of Trichomonas male urethritis and allow to rule out the usefulness of the culture for Trichomonas en such patients.


In the current issue of the Journal is 'a critical review of complementary therapies in haemato-oncology'. Many surveys have long documented a high and increasing incidence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use in Australia and many other countries, with private spending on such therapies greatly exceeding that on ethical pharmaceuticals. There has been also a resurgence of older CAM methods, such as laetrile and essiac that many of us had thought to have fallen completely into disrepute. There are many reasons for this high incidence, with one of the more important being some feeling of self-control and autonomy at a time when many patients have their life overtaken and managed by others. This therefore demands that the medical profession has sufficient knowledge of the available evidence supporting such use or not. Critical to this knowledge is the need for clear definitions. The article identifies complementary therapy as used in conjunction with standard medical therapies in a supportive role. Alternative therapy is identified as used instead of standard medical therapies, with the potential use of biologically active components. The National Cancer Institute in the USA defines complementary as 'practices used to enhance or complement standard treatments'. None of these definitions is entirely satisfactory. Unfortunately, the many surveys of complementary and alternative therapies incidence often do not readily distinguish between the two. Another way of defining CAM is into unproven and proven therapies. Many alternative therapies are unproven, which somewhat mocks the word alternative. Although there are standard medical therapies that have not been subject to rigorous assessment through randomized controlled clinical trials in the past, there has been in the last 30 years a massive effort to directly compare with defined outcomes various therapies, or therapy versus best supportive care. Nowhere is this more apparent than in cancer therapy, where level 1 and 2 evidence is driving clinical practice particularly in lung, breast and bowel cancer. However, there is a myriad of positive chemotherapy phase 2 studies (level 3 evidence) that have not withstood the testing of a subsequent randomized controlled trial, implying that patient factors are playing a stronger role than the therapy itself. It is difficult to carry out adequately powered randomized studies in uncommon conditions or where long-standing common surgical practice is based on large published series (level 3) alone. For example, resection of liver metastases from large bowel cancer where 3-year survival rates are consistently approximately one-third of patients, something generally not seen with standard chemotherapy, is based only on large series. However, these surgical patients are highly selected and the actual selection process of appropriate cases or patient factors would in itself contribute some part to the improved survival. The data do, however, include extensive information on toxicity and outcome of such therapy. It is interesting to note that very recent evidence with combinations of new agents, such as anti-angiogenesis factors and growth factor receptor inhibitors in combination with newer chemotherapy regimens in metastatic bowel cancer, suggest survival rates approaching that of surgical resection and may in fact make more patients surgically resectable. Unproven therapies are just that, they have not been subject to the long and careful research process to prove safety and efficacy. Many use an observation or a theory that is catapulted into clinical use, bypassing the scientific method of clinical evaluation. It is difficult to talk with patients and relatives on such therapies as there is usually only anecdotal data or at best case reports, in spite of the very positive reports in the lay press, advertisements and particularly from every well-meaning relative, neighbour and friend. Much more difficult is the public misconception that therapy described as natural is thus intrinsically safe. The risk here is that the public frequently interpret this as meaning that if a small amount is effective and safe then a larger amount may be even more effective and still safe. The scientific published work shows this to be a fallacy. It is also interesting to note that approximately one-third of standard anticancer drugs are natural agents derived from plants, organisms and cells with approximately another one-third modified natural agents such as antimetabolites, only one-third being chemicals. Patients and their families need to understand this. Many of the complementary therapies defined in the current article involve the use of methods to improve quality of life through improved tolerance to the sideeffects of standard therapies and psychological support.


Context of research: This thesis aims to develop design recommendations for primary care environments and medical equipment to improve the experience for children and young persons. Children and young persons may be particularly vulnerable to additional stress when trying to make sense of their medical care experiences due to the varying cognitive developmental level. The design of healthcare facilities has focused on functional effectiveness but has tended to ignore the psychological needs of the patients. Clinical environments and medical equipment have been found to impose an added stress for patients who are already suffering with the anxiety of illness.

Methodology: Surveys and interviews were carried out with parents, healthcare professionals and design stakeholders to explore aspects of primary care environments and medical equipment. Parents (n = 228) were asked to rate twelve statements about emotions that their child might feel in waiting rooms, treatment rooms and about medical equipment. Semi-structured interviews (n = 4) were conducted with healthcare professionals with experience treating children and young persons. In-depth interviews (n = 10) were conducted with healthcare and children s design stakeholders including healthcare architects, medical product designers, children s product designers and healthcare practice staff. The topics explored included the processes and resources used in design and the main barriers faced, experiences of designing for children, young persons and people of different ages and the difficulties encountered.

Findings: The parent and healthcare professional data identified that experiences were largely dictated by the provision of entertainment material, use of distraction, general decor of environments, behaviour of healthcare professionals towards both child and parent, and how the parent behaved in front of their child. The results from the design stakeholder interviews showed evidence of increased use of user-centred design techniques being incorporated into new, modern practices to respond to the psychological needs of patients but that also the provision of resources and standards could be a barrier to improved design options. The recommendations will encourage the inclusion of children- and young people-friendly design in current and future healthcare environments, and recommendations for future research.


The study was carried out with determined the status of insecticides against  animal agent vector of Leishmania parasite causing leishmaniasis and epidemiology of this disease in Basrah.The impact of indoor spray with four insecticides against sandflies in selected formland finding that mortality percent 55.6% , 13.8% after 30 minute and 100% after 24 hour and 79.1% after 72 hour for Lambdacyhalothin and Diazinon respectively, so the status of neurotoxic Lambdacyhalothrin most efficiency than other insecticides tested.The status of VL was investigated from 2008 through 2009 to provide an epidemiologic characterization of the disease in Basrah show a rural community in the north part with a higher level 88.28% especially in Qurna town with 44.43% than other arts, the disease appear in total individual in first to second seasons more than the last ones, the age percent of VL analysis for a total parts finding that 1-4 years most positive with 53.6% than >5 years with 8.24% and in term of the male were more frequently affected than female.


Simplifying the process of deploying applications is almost essential in the cloud. However, existing techniques can automate applications' initial deployment but have not yet adequately addressed their scaling problem. In this paper, a deployment platform to enable a novel dynamic scaling technique is introduced. This platform employs: (i) an extensible specification that describes all aspects of applications, (ii) a flexible analytical model that determines how many servers to be deployed for an application in each scaling. The platform's ability to handle dynamic workloads and to scale applications quickly enough to maintain the response time target is demonstrated.


Most epidemiological studies of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections rely on HPV DNA detection. Recent studies have reported very high prevalence and acquisition rates in men.1 However, presence of HPV DNA is not proof of infection, as it might represent environmental contamination.

Studies of HPV DNA on environmental surfaces could provide insights of the possible magnitude of this problem. We studied surfaces that frequently contact anogenital skin: toilet seats in airport restrooms. Apparently clean seats in 23 airports located in 13 countries (Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Jordan, the Netherlands, Russia, …


Simon and Speck are families of lightweight block ciphers proposed in June 2013 by the US National Security Agency. Here we discuss ASIC implementations of these algorithms, presenting in some detail how one implements the smallest bit-serial versions of the algorithms. We also give area and throughput results for a variety of implementations—bit serial, iterated, and partially and fully pipelined. To the best of our knowledge, each version of Simon admits implementations with the smallest area of any comparable block cipher with a flexible key, and Speck is close behind: at the 64-bit block/128-bit key size, for example, both can be realized in under 1000 GE. More surprisingly, however, since they were intended for use on constrained platforms, Simon and Speck allow for extremely high efficiency and high-throughput implementations; each version of Simon, in particular, has the highest efficiency (throughput divided by area) of any comparably sized block cipher we've seen—lightweight or not.


Tip enhanced Raman spectra of AB-stacked bilayer graphene (BLG) and twisted bilayer graphene (TwBLG) nanofragments have been studied by using density functional theory. Different from a normal Raman spectrum of BLG, a unique Raman band Gr+ is observed in its tip enhanced Raman spectrum and assigned as a split of the G band. We attribute this split to the nonuniformity distribution of the charge on carbon atoms. Compared with BLG, the Gr+ band intensity of TwBLG is dramatically enhanced at a small twist angle and decreases with the angle increasing. Interlayer Coulomb interaction represented in the Gr+ mode of TwBLG matches well with the atom vibration strength distribution of the Gr+ band at different twist angles, and thereby the properties of the Gr+ band can be tuned by the twisted angle. The results may help to further understand the Raman spectra of TwBLG and provide deep insights for exploring vibrational modes of two-dimensional nanomaterials.


The invention relates to a method of preparing a Mo-Cu composite material. A mixture ball consisting of 85 to 95 weight percent Mo powder, 4.65 to 14.5weight percent Cu powder and 0.35 to 0.5weight percent Ni powder is milled into mechanical alloying composite powder; after pressing and shaping, the Mo-Cu composite material is made after the power is sintered in a hydrogen sinter furnace. The Mo-Cu composite material of the invention has relative density of up to 98percent, which not only meets the use requirements of materials of parts of high-performance engines and other heat sink materials, but also is characterized by oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, creep resistance, fatigue resistance and tiny deformation at high temperature.


Over the recent years, a plethora of recommender systems (RS) have been proposed by academics. The degree of adoptability of these algorithms by industrial e-commerce platforms remains unclear. To get an insight into real-world recommendation engines, we survey more than 30 existing shopping cart solutions and compare the performance of popular recommendation algorithms on proprietary e-commerce datasets. Our results show that deployed systems rarely go beyond trivial "best seller" lists or very basic personalized recommendation algorithms, which nevertheless exhibit superior performance to more elaborate techniques both in our experiments and other related studies. We also perform chronological dataset splits to demonstrate the importance of preserving the sequence of events during evaluation, and the recency of events during training. The second part of our research is still ongoing and focuses on various ethical challenges that complicate the design of recommender systems. We believe that this direction of research remains mostly neglected despite its increasing impact on RS' quality and safety.


Metros have been becoming a mainstream means of transportation in China. The research of various aspects of metro transportation has developed rapidly. However, how to construct a practical control model has always been a research hotspot. In this paper, we propose a piecewise nonlinear time-domain model (PNTM). This model describes a piecewise control process of the train driving in each section. The most notable feature of PNTM is that according to the electromagnetic principle of the motor, the acceleration process of the train is divided into three phases: constant torque, constant power, and natural characteristic. In each operation phase, speed, position, and instantaneous power are chosen to describe driving states of the train. Moreover, functional expressions instead of differential equation sets are used to formulate the driving states. Finally, the model is validated by numerical examples for comparison with the linear model and the measured data in real cases in Shanghai Metro Line 1 (SML1). The experimental results indicate that the correlation coefficients between PNTM and the measured data in terms of speed and power are 0.9874 and 0.9999, respectively, which are much higher than the 0.9251 and 0.9996 of the linear model.


Pick up any recent textbook on modern U.S. history, turn to the last few chapters, and you will find an outline of key developments that have shaped the past four decades or so of the nation's domestic history. Some chapter headings include "The Decline of Manufacturing," "Retreat from Liberalism," "The Beleaguered Social Compact," "The Rising Tide of Conservatism," "The Problem of Inequality," "The End of the Long Boom," and "Conservatism in the Courts." Yet few of these textbooks pay attention to one of the most dramatic social transformations of this period. Only Eric Foner's Give Me Liberty! includes as subheadings "The Spread of Imprisonment" and "The Burden of Imprisonment," signaling to students that one of the changes that makes the world they inherit radically different from that of their parents is the huge numbers of Americans behind bars. As many scholars of crime and punishment have pointed out, only a generation ago the nation's incarceration rate had remained steady for a century—at about 100 prisoners per 100,000 people—and many criminologists believed that prisons were obsolete and would gradually be supplanted by "community corrections," treatment facilities, and other alternatives for all but the most incorrigible or violent offenders. Yet, contrary to those optimistic expectations, since 1970 the number of felons confined in state and federal prisons has multiplied by a factor of eight, and the overall prison incarceration rate in the United States has zoomed to nearly 500 per 100,000 people, a fivefold increase. As late as 1977 the prison population had barely surpassed 300,000; the latest Bureau of Justice Statistics figures show that in 2010 the U.S. prison population reached its historic peak of over 1.5 million inmates, after the country had embarked on "the steepest and most sustained increase in the rate of imprisonment that has been recorded since the birth of the modern prison in the nineteenth century."1


An agile customization method driven by customer and based on design repository is proposed. Design repository provides designers with the product development information and help on time accurately. Customers and designers can customize and design product through web entrance(enterprise portal). A design blueprint according to customer's need can be come true by product manufacturing preparation and producing supply chain integration system. The knowledge based configuration design method and technology is introduced in details. With the help of Product Developing Wizard, web based intelligent configurator, and virtual prototyping display and analysis tools, the concurrent agile product design can be realized.


Improving the quality and efficiency of higher education is closely linked to the need for comprehensive security in an educational environment within which the vital processes of forming, developing and becoming a future professional are going on. Psychological violence, as a threat to the psychological security of the educational environment, is a pressing scientific problem that makes the research relevant. The purpose of the article is to analyse the problem of psychological violence as a destructive socio-psychological threat to the security of the educational environment and a complex obstacle in the process of modernisation and improvement of higher education. The objectives of the study were to analyse the basic principles of psychological security of the educational environment; to define the notion "psychological violence" and its signs manifested in the educational environment as well as the forms of its manifestations; to describe possible ways of preventing manifestations of psychological violence in the educational environment. The analysis of the scientific psychological and pedagogical literature made it possible to identify the main system components of the educational environment. It is established that the relationship between pedagogical and psychological conditions alongside influences are the concept of the system of the educational environment, whereas psychological violence is the main socio-psychological destruction of this system. The study emphasises that the consequences of psychological abuse extend to all levels of human functioning and contribute to the process of the deformation of personality; they reduce motivation to act and impede the realisation of person's abilities, educational and professional skills. The authors have analysed the main types of psychological violence, including those ones which have emerged relatively recently and need further scientific study. The necessity to create a set of measures aimed at preventing psychological violence in the educational environment has been substantiated, the ways of solving this problem at the scientific and legislative levels have been outlined. The main methods of scientific development are as follows: analysis, synthesis, generalisation, as well as the systematic and descriptive methodological approaches.


The equity shareholders are real owners of company form of business organizations. They all invest their money in equity shares of a company with the primary motive of achieving good capital appreciation and regular & stable return (i.e., dividends). The investors' objectives are purely based on the profitability and financial performance of the company. So, investors before taking their investment decisions, they consider several factors which influence the corporate performance. For measuring the corporate financial performance, there are accounting profitability measures and shareholders' value based measures. Accounting profitability measures include ROI, ROE, EPS, ROCE and DPS etc., Shareholders valued based measures include EVA and MVA. Maximizing the shareholder value is considered as one of the fundamental goals of all businesses. In United States, top management is expected to maximize shareholder value. To help corporates to generate value for shareholders, value based management systems have been developed. Indeed, value based management, which seeks to integrate finance hypothesis with strategic economic philosophy, is considered as one of the most significant contribution to corporate financial planning in the last two decades or so. For measuring the corporate financial performance, there are accounting profitability measures and shareholders' value based measures. Accounting profitability measures include ROI, ROE, EPS, ROCE and DPS etc., Shareholders valued based measures include EVA and MVA. This study is an attempt to analyze the trend and growth of Shareholders' Value in terms of EVA and MVA in Indian Pharmaceutical Industry from 1997-98 to 2006-07.


Lidar is an active remote sensing instrument, but its effective range is often limited by signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio. The reason is that noises or fluctuations always strongly affect the measured results. To resolve this problem, a novel approach of using least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) to reconstruct the Lidar signal is proposed in this paper. LS-SVM has been proven as robust to noisy data; the Lidar signal, which is strongly corrupted by noises or fluctuations, can be thought as a function of distance. So detecting Lidar signals from high noisy regime can be regarded as a robust regression procedure which involves estimating the underlying relationship from detected signal data set. To apply the LS-SVM on Lidar signal regression, firstly the noises in Lidar signal is analyzed and then the traditional LS-SVM algorithm is modified to incorporate the a priori knowledge of the Lidar signal in the training of LS-SVM. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.


This paper presents performance study of Repetitive Control (RC) system for tracking and rejection periodic signals with multiple uncorrelated frequencies. Two control approaches i.e Single Repetitive Control System (SRCS) and Multiple Repetitive Control System (MRCS) are presented here. The control schemes are designed based on the information of the frequencies of both reference and disturbance. The plant model is also required in the design. Simulation on servo motor is performed to assess the controller performances (e.g. transient response, tracking accuracy, and input response).


An experimental study on seismic performances of five beam-column connections subjected to reversed cyclic loading was conducted. These performances included failure pattern, hysteresis characteristics, displacement-restoring capacity, displacement ductility, and energy dissipation. The objective of the study is to develop guidelines for the design of precast prestressed concrete beam-to-column connection with unbonded tendons for regions of high seismicity. The study results show that the performances of precast prestressed beam-to-column concrete connections with unbonded tendons are equal or superior to that of a monolithic connection .


Fuqian is a famous expert in Confucian thought and Chinese character.His research in Zuo Zhuan has a very important role in the research history of Confucinan thought.But his main achievement is on the Chinese character,his Tong Su Wen has a great effect on the research history of Chinese character.This paper mainly deals with the problems of the book's constituent,spreading,content,value,and so on.


Abstract The activity concentrations of dissolved137Cs have been determined in the water column and137Cs and134Cs in the sediments and the sediment porewaters of the southern Baltic Sea. The mean activity concentration of dissolved137Cs in the Gdansk Deep declined from 109 Bq m−3in June 1986 to 61 Bq m−3in 1999. In sediments, the activity concentrations of137Cs (33-231 Bq kg−1) were highest in muds and the activity concentrations of134Cs were about 6% of the total Cs activity. The Chernobyl contribution to137Cs activity was between 43% and 77%. The porewater activity concentrations of137Cs in muddy sediments were in the range 71 to 3900 Bq m−3and were higher than those in the overlying seawater. The diffusive flux of dissolved137Cs from the muddy sediments was estimated in the range 5 to 480 Bq m−2year−1. The flux of137Cs from sediment porewaters of the southern Baltic Sea was about 45% of the total, including fluxes of137Cs from wet and dry atmospheric deposition and the fluvial inputs. The results were used to elucidate the rate of recovery of the sediments and the waters of the southern Baltic from Chernobyl-derived137Cs.


Presented at the 13th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Textile Chemists and Colourists in London on 21 September 1984.

Easy-care cellulosic or cellulose-containing textiles are produced by setting the fabric in the desired configuration via a cross-linking reaction between the hydroxy! groups of adjacent cellulose chains. The cross-linking is generally carried out using amide-formaldehyde reactants. Although the formaldehyde-containing cross-linkers used today are hydrolytically stable, the resin-finished products still release formaldehyde. In the recent years great efforts have been made to reduce formaldehyde release in order to protect the worker, the environment and the consumer. Formaldehyde release has been reduced by employing formaldehyde scavengers, and introducing etherified versions of the U-hydroxymethyl reactants.

Since most of the non-formaldehyde cross-linkers developed in the 1960s, such as the activated-vinyl compounds, epoxides, isocyanates, aziridines, etc. are toxic, recent work has been limited to amide-glyoxal reactants, such as the addition products of glyoxal with dialkylureas or cylic alkyleneureas. These zero-formaldehyde cross-linkers may be used either by themselves or preferably in combination with elastomers for the easy-care finishing of cellulosic blends.


This article puts forward a research model for studying the interaction between power structures and Russian subjects in the first quarter of the 19th century. The starting point of the model is a revision of the structuralist approach. The author considers it important to study "social dialogue" as a history of the communicative practices emerging among Russian subjects, local representatives of power, and high-ranking officials of the imperial administration. In order to reconstruct the channels, content, and results of this "social dialogue", the author uses two groups of primary sources: texts produced in the process of public communication with an unspecified addressee that created a general intellectual and emotional context for the perception of existing social, economic, and political issues; and texts of public communication with a specified addressee, aimed at official structures of different levels with the purpose of solving certain practical problems. The author compares publications of Russian journals discussing the problem of "slavery" in different countries of the world, archival materials from the Russian State Historical Archive on "the issues connected with peasants' appeals for emancipation from non-noble masters", the serf-owners' complaints about the "illegal" emancipation of peasants without proper compensation, and projects for the abolition of serfdom created on the basis of the generalisation of complaints and petitions. The author distinguishes the two models of social dialogue, i.e. the conflict model and the project model. Taken together, these two models make it possible to trace both the government's reaction to amendments of existing laws meant to solve conflicts between serfs and their masters and efforts to develop an all-Russian solution for the issue of serfdom.


During the last couple of decades, Chilean public agencies and organizations have developed their own document management systems to deal with the management of internal errands. Errands involving documents from different government organizations were usually carried out by citizens. The integration of these heterogeneous document management systems is a promising way of improving the efficiency and transparency of public service, as well as providing a better quality service. The main challenge to face is to do it with minimal impact on each public organization. This paper presents a software architecture designed to deal with such problem. The proposal is particularly instantiated for the case of the integration process that is currently under way within the Chilean government


'First Report of the ooint Working Party on the Organization of Medical Work in Hospitals. London, H.M.S.O., 1967. 2British Medical Yournal, 1972, 4, 36. 3 Report of the Working Party on Medical Administration. London, H.M.S.O., 1972. 4 National Health Sennce Reorganization: England. London, H.M.S.O., 1972. 5 Second Report of the Joint Working Party on the Organization of Medical Work in Hospitals. London, H.M.S.O., 1972.


A geodesic optical waveguide lens which has been fabricated by anisotropic etching on a silicon substrate is reported. Reflow of phosphosilicate glass provides considerable rounding at sharp edges to reduce scattering. Successful operation of the waveguide lens is illustrated by observation of guided beam trajectories traversing different portions of the lens and converginng to a common point and by measurements of the focal‐plane diffraction pattern. A beam width which is 1.7 times the diffraction‐limited value for a f/15 lens is measured.


The Cro protein from bacteriophage λ has a dimeric mixed α+β fold, which evolved from an ancestral monomeric all-α fold. Monomeric mixed α+β structures may have been intermediates in this process. A monomeric variant of λ Cro incorporating A33W and F58D mutations has been identified and characterized. These mutations involve large changes in side chain size, and were predicted by modeling to disrupt the dimer interface while increasing the thermodynamic stability of the monomer. This combination of mutations does lower the λ Cro dissociation constant by a factor of at least 1,000, while maintaining the protein's secondary structure content. The A33W and F58D mutations also increase the maximal monomer thermal stability of λ Cro by approximately 12 degrees. The A33W/F58D Cro variant shows the plausibility of monomeric mixed α+β intermediates in the evolution of λ Cro, and shows that mutations at these positions could have been critical for evolution of the dimer.


A new method for synthesizing L-(-)-ethyl lactate which is an important intermediates of R-phenoxypropionate herbicides catalyzed by AICI3 is described. The structure of the synthetic L-(-)-ethyl lactate is studied by using Raman and infrared spectra.


Wind power is a clean and sustainable energy source that provides an effective means of alleviating the present reliance on fossil fuels. However, wind power generation is uncertain and difficult to predict because it is closely related to wind speed, which varies irregularly over time. This uncertainty makes the utilization of wind power very challenging because it causes power systems' variables, like voltages, bus angles, as well as active transmission power, to vary, which may threaten the operating security of electric power grids. Therefore, it is essential to estimate accurately the ranges of the variables of a power grid to offer guidance for dispatchers to ensure the security of power systems. To realize this target, this paper proposes the optimizing-scenarios method to evaluate the ranges of power flow variables of power grids including wind farms. This method regards the wind power derived from wind farms as a variable that varies within an interval, and correspondingly constructs two kinds of programs, namely minimum and maximum programs, to compute the interval variables of power flows. The proposed approach is tested by a case study, and its obtained results are compared with those obtained using a previously established Monte Carlo simulation method. Analysis of the simulation results validates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Japan produced its own naturalist literature after a basic absorption and assimilation of European, especially French, naturalist literature and its influences. It could hardly emerged from a social and cultural soil that, taking religion solely as Shinto, Buddhism and Taoism, was so different from the contemporary industrial civilization and the scientific trends of thought and of methodology. The Taigyaka Event led to the deterioration and diversion of Japanese naturalist literature, resulting eventually in the appearance of Shinkyo or Watakushi Novels, and in the end-result of Japanese naturalist literature.


This paper concentrates on the automized monitoring and identification of dynamic responses of grinders in the system of monitoring of the technological process. The results of an experimental research of correlation of quality of handling of rings of bearings and of the dynamic state of machines are given here.


Objective To observe the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA) combined with domperidone and hydrotalcite on primary bile reflux gastritis.Methods 192 patients with primary bile reflux gastritis were randomly divided into 4 groups.UDCA group was given UDCA 250 mg orally,once daily;domperidone group was given domperidone 10 mg orally,three times daily;hydrotalcite group was given hydrotalcite 1.0 g orally,three times daily;combination group was given UDCA 250 mg(once daily),domperidone 10 mg(three times daily) and hydrotalcite 1.0 g(three times daily) orally for 8 weeks.Dyspeptic symptoms of abdominal pain,bloating,heart burn and vomitting were observed.Results The total effective rate in combination group was significantly higher than those of UDCA group,domperidone group and hydrotalcite group(P0.05).The gastroscopy examination showed that the improvement rate in combination group was significantly higher than that in the other groups(P0.05).Conclusion UDCA combined with domperidone and hydrotalcite can effectively improve the clinical efficacy of primary bile reflux gastritis.


This chapter investigates the trends in international and European legal and policy regulation of the process related to carbon capture and storage (CCS). The global endeavor that seeks to limit carbon dioxide emissions has come to recognize CCS as an indispensable ally. This chapter offers an up-to-date and comprehensive commentary to the relatively new and developing area of international regulation of the process of CCS, a dimension that might yield significant effects on the environment and, overall, sustainable development. It reveals a constantly growing trend of an enhanced awareness about the indispensable role and effects of the CCS on wider climate aspirations and, to that effect, also a need for a stable and effective international regulatory framework. The key barriers that are preventing the wider implementation of CCS projects, however, relate primarily to two extra-regulatory processes, which is the policy uncertainty at national levels and financial shortcomings. This background presents a window of opportunity for entrepreneurship and policy invention.


Background and AIM: The genetic and environmental factors are believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the precise etiology is still uncertain. Regarding its genetic components, the strongest genetic association with RA is that found for certain alleles of HLA-DRB1. Recent studies have revealed that the single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of non-HLA PTPN22 and CTLA4 gene were associated with RA. The associations of HLA, PTPN22 and CTLA4 polymorphisms with RA risk have been less well replicated. Thus, the current study was undertaken to investigate the effects of HLA-DRB1, PTPN22, CTLA4 gene polymorphisms and autoantibodies in susceptibility to RA. Methods: A total of 200 patients fulfilled the criteria for RA and 200 healthy individuals were included in the study. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies and rheumatoid factor (RF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HLA-DRB1 alleles were determined by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) method. Samples were genotyped for PTPN22 1858C/T (rs2476601) and CTLA4 CT60 (rs3087243) variants using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Results: In RA patients 88% and 82% were positive for anti-CCP and RF autoantibodies, respectively. A significant increase in the frequency of HLA-DRB1*01, HLA-DRB1*04, HLA-DRB1*10, HLA-DRB1*14 shared epitope (SE) alleles were identified in RA patients, whereas in healthy subjects, they were HLADRB1*03, HLA-DRB1*07, HLA-DRB1*11, HLA-DRB1*13. There was no association of the PTPN22 1858T variant with RA and it seems to be independent of MHC associations. The frequency of CTLA4 CT60 A allele carriers was significantly higher in RA patients and also it is preferentially in SE-positive RA patients. Conclusion: Our results confirmed the previously reported HLA-DRB1 SE alleles associations with RA. The CTLA4 polymorphism appears to interfere with HLA-DRB1 susceptibility to RA. On the other hand, we failed to provide evidence for the association of the PTPN22 SNP with RA.


According to related dataand fitted formula by author, the visualized program for heat pipe for waste heat lithiumbromide refrigerator driven by flue gas was developed. It not only satisfies process design and performance simulationof heat pipe for waste heat lithiumbromide refrigerator, but also can be called by performance analysisfor other type of lithiumbromide refrigerator.


PCT No. PCT/EP92/01138 Sec. 371 Date Dec. 21, 1993 Sec. 102(e) Date Dec. 21, 1993 PCT Filed May 21, 1992 PCT Pub. No. WO93/00228 PCT Pub. Date Jan. 7, 1993.An rpm-changing engaging device of a motor vehicle is controlled during an engaging process in such fashion that a curve is selected according to which the rpm difference based on the input rpm of the engaging device is adjusted between the input rpm of the engaging device and its output rpm by the engaging device indirectly or directly, corresponding to the value, determined prior to the engaging process or before the stopping of the motor vehicle, of a driving activity. A precondition is that the rpm difference, based on the input rpm of the engaging device and its output rpm. The curve is selected from a family of several engaging devices.


ENDOR measurements at V band (70 GHz) provided data on protons weakly coupled to the unpaired electron of the alkoxy radical in x‐irradiated ribitol. The couplings are chiefly dipolar in character. A total of eight hyperfine coupling tensors for weakly coupled protons were determined. The prospects for utilizing weak proton hyperfine couplings as an aid in identifying free radical radiation products is discussed.


In this paper we extend the single server interdepe ndent queuing models to bulk service queueing models. Here we consider the costumers/units served a batch of k at a time and if not, the server wait s until such time to start. In this model various sys tem characteristics like average queue length, probability that the system emptiness and probabi lity that there are n customers at any arbitrary ti me are obtained.


With multi-residential developments on the rise - and new proprietary fire rated party wall systems entering the market, it's important for builders to understand what's what. Angus Kell, national designlink manager at CSR lightweight systems explains.


Mastering concepts on power electronics and motor drives can be very challenging for many students. In order to deliver the concepts successfully hardware based learning tools are frequently used in undergraduate and graduate level courses. But most of these tools fall below expectations due to their complexity, lack of functionality or cost. This paper presents a learning tool on motor drives which addresses most of these issues. This proposed learning tool has the capability to deliver effective learning experiences on different types of motors discussed in advanced driving courses. The learning tool comes with user software which provides additional functionalities, such as the ability to manipulate closed loop variables, monitor real time speed variation, control firing patterns, log data and program the motor speed variation. The proposed learning tool is ideal to be incorporated in lab sessions to deliver important concepts in motor drives effectively and efficiently.


Purpose: To observe the clinical theraputic effect of different neeling methods in the treatment of peripheral faclal pelalysis. Methods: A total if 158 caese of peripheral facial palsy patients are randomly divided into treatment group (n=116 cases, who are treated by penetration needling method) and control group (n= 42 cases,who are treated with traditional acupuncture method). In treatment group, main acupoint pairs for penetration needling are Yangbai (GB 14) - Yuyao (EX-HN 4), Tongziliao (GB 1) - Taiyang (EX+IN 5), Jiache (ST 6) - Dicang (ST 4)and Chengjing (CV 24) - Jiachegjiang (EX-HN) on the affected side, and in control group, the main acupoints used are Yifeng (TE 17), Yangbai (GB 14), Sibai (ST 2), Dicang (ST 4), Jiache (ST 6), Jingming (BL 1) and Chengjiang (CV 24). The treatment is given once daily with 10 sessions being a therapeutic course. Results: After 3 courses of treatment, tth cure rates of treatment group and control group are 81.8% and 66.7% separately, showing a significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). The total effective rates of treatment and control groups are 96. 5 % and 88.1% separately, presenting a significant difference between two groups ( P < 0.01 ). Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of penetration needling method is better than that of traditional acupuncture method.


A novel and simple method that combines an online concentration technique with an enantioseparation technique for capillary electrophoresis—namely, cation‐selective exhaustive injection and sweeping cyclodextrin‐modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CSEI‐sweeping CD‐modified MEKC)—realizes the effective enantioseparation of cationic analytes while keeping a significant increase of detection sensitivity. This technique consists of a slight modification of the basic CSEI‐sweeping MEKC. The main idea is to simply add an anionic CD as a chiral selector into the micellar buffer including sodium dodecyl sulfate, but not to change any other buffers in order to preserve the online concentration mechanism. When applied to analysis of the street drug, methamphetamine, the method achieved not only a baseline enantioseparation but also limits of detection (LODs; S/N = 3) of 70–90 pg/mL (ppt) for each isomer. This translates to a more than 10 000‐fold improvement compared to the LODs by the usual injection method. The present technique, which was made from a slight modification of CSEI‐sweeping MEKC, would give an attractive approach that is applicable to almost any analytes for which CSEI‐sweeping MEKC is applicable; all that is required is the selection of an appropriate anionic CD to be added to the micellar buffer.


Dead hens were treated using closed composting bins with forced ventilation system. To explore effect of ventilation rates on dead hens decomposition, composting experiments with three ventilation rates were implemented in winter and spring. The ventilation rates applied were 0.035, 0.025 and 0.015 m3 · m-3 · min-1 in winter experiments, and 0.045, 0.035 and 0.025 m3 · m-3 · min-1 for spring experiments. It was found that the decomposition rates of dead hens were more than 85% under different ventilation rates both in winter and spring. The suitable ventilation rates for dead hens composting treatment were 0.035 m3 · m-3 · min-1 with decomposition rate of 90.5% in winter, and 0.045 m3 · m-3 · min-1 with decomposition rate of 90.2% in spring, respectively.


Vaginal hysterectomy may at times prove difficult and require laparoscopic assistance to ensure safety of operations. This article reports a case in which single port laparoscopic assistance enabled vaginal hysterectomy in a patient with severe uterine ventrofixation. The use of an innovative device and tips to be applied are described.


Summary The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has spurred rapid development of vaccines as part of the public health response. However, the general strategy used to construct recombinant trimeric severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) spike (S) proteins in mammalian cells is not completely adaptive to molecular farming. Therefore, we generated several constructs of recombinant S proteins for high expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. Intramuscular injection of N. benthamiana‐expressed Sct vaccine (NSctVac) into Balb/c mice elicited both humoral and cellular immune responses, and booster doses increased neutralizing antibody titres. In human angiotensin‐converting enzyme knock‐in mice, two doses of NSctVac induced anti‐S and neutralizing antibodies, which cross‐neutralized Alpha, Beta, Delta and Omicron variants. Survival rates after lethal challenge with SARS‐CoV‐2 were up to 80%, without significant body weight loss, and viral titres in lung tissue fell rapidly, with no infectious virus detectable at 7‐day post‐infection. Thus, plant‐derived NSctVac could be a candidate COVID‐19 vaccine.


Ma Shuilong was a famous composer in Taiwan, both at home and abroad. In 1986, the publication of his concerto, Bangdi, made him the first Chinese composer to have a full performance at the Lincoln Arts Center in New York. In the field of vocal music production, "Ma Shuilong Songs Collection" reflected the mutual infiltration and integration of Chinese and Western elements, especially the combination of modern techniques and classical poetry so that Chinese ancient poetry art songs would emit unique artistic conception. In view of his three works, this article elaborates the oriental connotation in their creation through the study of the poetries involved and further extracts the characteristics of the creation and singing of ancient poetry art songs in order to provide significant references for the teaching of Chinese art songs.


We employed hyperspectral imaging with nanometric spatial resolution in single NaYF4: Yb3+/Er3+ microcrystals to resolve spatially the luminescence spectrum and to study the temperature distribution at the diffraction limit.


Summary objective and method  To compare the response of a dipstick assay (DSA) detecting Leptospira‐specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies with that of an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), an indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA), the microagglutination test (MAT) and a polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR) in patients with leptospirosis confirmed by MAT alone or by MAT and/or PCR (MAT/PCR).


1.1 by 0.9 mm. Laid singly on the back of leaf. /Stage I.—Head rounded, clypeus reaching to the middle of the front; pale ochraceous greenish, mouth darker; not shining; width 0.5 mm. Body cylindrical, normal, joint 12 squarish with a long (1.5 mm.) erect horn, bearing setse i on the vertex and finely setose. Segments finely, weakly 8-annulate, shining, punctate with pale dots. Translucent yellowish, green from the food. Horn brown-black, stained with red around the base. Tubercle i is on the third annulet, ii on the sixth, iii on the fourth, iv a little posteriorly, on the fourth, substigmatically, v very anterior on the first annulet and higher than tubercle iv; two set^ on the leg shield. Setffi fine, stiff, straight, not swollen, i to iii dark brown, iv and v pale. Shields and plates concolorous, uncornified. Stage II.—Head round, soft green, ocelli black; width 0.8 mm. Body same soft green, covered with fine, secondar3% pale granules; o])scurely 8-annulate. A faint, pale, subdorsal line. Horn long-, brown-black, setose, stained with red around the base, this color running a little up the dorsal line. Bod}^ pilose; feet pale, thoracic feet reddish at tips. Stage III.—Head squarish, rounded, clypeus broad, not reaching the middle of the front; soft green with secondary white granules;


Li Anzhai is a Chinese pioneer in the fields of sociology and anthropology,yet few know the efforts he ever made in the introduction and translation of western linguistic thought into China.In his early academic career,he,under the influences of British anthropologist B.Malinowski,British semantists I.A.Richards C.K.Ogden,and American linguist E.Sapir,introduced and translated to China the works on magic art and language,semantics,and western linguistic theories,whose representatives are Introduction to Meaning(Meaning of Meaning,1934),Aesthetics(1934),and Magic Art and Language(1936).Among the aforementioned works,Magic Art and Language,made of two articles of On Magic Power of Language(1931),and one translation work of Sapir's Language(1933),is the last book on linguistic issues by the author,and above all,it contains the general ideas of Introduction to Meaning and Aesthetics.The background,information source,content,translation type of the book and its position in the history of Chinese linguistics will be explored systematically to offer valuable information for the study of Chinese linguistic historiography.


AbstractExtensive summer sea ice loss has occurred within the Beaufort, Chukchi, East Siberian, and Laptev Seas over the last decade. Associated anomalies in sensible and latent heat fluxes in autumn have increased Arctic atmospheric precipitable water and air temperatures, with the potential to impact autumn and winter cyclone activity. To examine if a connection exists between recent Arctic sea ice loss and cyclone activity, several cyclone metrics from 60° to 90°N are analyzed. Results show that following years with less September sea ice, there is a subsequent increase in moisture availability, regional baroclinicity, and changes in vertical stability that favor cyclogenesis. However, tracking of individual cyclones indicates no coherent increase in cyclone frequency or intensity associated with sea ice loss. Furthermore, no robust northward progression of extreme cyclones is observed.


Beneficial, as-manufactured, residual compressive stresses in wheel rims are introduced during the rim quenching operation. Such compressive stresses are known to help inhibit the formation of rim fatigue cracks and thus are important to wheel safety. This paper describes measurements of stresses in new wheel rims at a wrought wheel manufacturing facility, and also use of rim stress measurement for used wheels on the French National Railways (SNCF) and Belgian National Railways (SNCB). Ultrasonic stress measurements made using commercially available Electro-Magnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) and Piezo-Electric Transducer (PET) systems are described. The implications of wheel rim residual stress on wheel service performance and the potential for use of wheel rim residual stress measurement techniques in North America are discussed. INTRODUCTION During the wheel manufacturing process after forging and rolling, wheels are austenitized, the rims are quenched with water spray and wheels are subsequently tempered. The rim quenching process (known as heat treating) results in beneficial circumferential (hoop) residual compressive stresses in the wheel rim. These compressive stresses are useful to help prevent rim fatigue cracks in railroad service and are thus a significant safety benefit for the user. For residual compressive hoop stresses to result in the rim from the rim quenching operation, plastic (permanent) deformation must take place. When the water spray quenches the hot, austenitic wheel rim, the rim cools and shrinks inwards. However, the steel below the quenched region is still hot (thus larger than at lower temperatures) and has a reduced yield strength at that temperature. The inner fibers of the rim and the plate are upset in compression by the colder, outer rim fibers and yielding occurs. Upon cooling of the entire wheel, the inner rim fibers and plate are now smaller than they were originally due to the compressive yielding. However, such areas try to fit into a larger space. This results in the lower part of the rim and the plate being in tension while the outer portion of the rim is in compression. In railroad service the wheel acts as a brake drum in addition to supporting lateral and vertical mechanical loads. When brake shoes are applied to the wheel tread the surface is heated due to friction. The steel at the tread surface gets hotter, tries to expand and is constrained by the colder body of the wheel rim and plate. If the tread surface is heated to a high enough temperature by braking, the steel will have a reduced yield strength, and plastic deformation caused by expansion and compressive upsetting of steel in the hot zone is possible. After cooling and shrinking, continuity must be maintained between the locally yielded material at the tread surface and the constraining remainder of the wheel. Therefore, the material at the tread surface is now in tension. In severe cases of braking heating, complete stress reversal of the rim could take place. Both of these situations will allow for propagation of service related fatigue cracks in the tensile zone. Stone, et al. (1999) reported that the number of wheelrelated derailments has decreased by an order of magnitude since AAR required that rim quenched, curved plate wheels be used. Studies have shown that wheel fracture occurs when a service induced crack is exposed to a large enough tensile stress (Opinsky, 1982 and Stone, Pellini and Harris, 1986). Clearly the use of rim quenching to impart beneficial residual compressive hoop stress is an important part of the noted improvement. Although the number of derailments caused by wheel thermal failures is quite low, use of a nondestructive method to measure the stress state of the wheel rim will have safety benefits for railroads. The traditional saw cut method is able to qualitatively determine if a wheel rim is in tension or compression, but the wheel is destroyed. A simple, practical way to find "problem" wheels with tensile stresses near the tread surface would be useful, particularly if such measurements can be performed in the field or in a railroad car repair shop. PAST RESEARCH EFFORTS In recent years there has been considerable interest in use of nondestructive inspection techniques to evaluate the residual stress state of railroad wheel rims. Much research work has taken place around the world and numerous technical papers have been written. Schramm, Clark and McGuire (1992) presented a paper at the 10 International Wheelset Congress that dealt primarily with the use of birefringence to detect and quantify stress in wheel rims. The paper suggested that Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMATs) were likely to be useful for field instrumentation. These authors, and others at the National


Data We utilized seismographs from 4 broadband seismometers located within a radius of about 3 km around Shinmoedake. Spectrograms and power spectral density methods were used to track the changes in the peak frequencies over time. Additionally, phase portraits of displacement with respect to velocity were obtained to further illustrate the change in properties of the non-linear mechanism of the harmonic tremors.


This study aims to analyze the correlation between English Language Education (ELE) students' speaking anxiety and their speaking fluency. This is a quantitative research which consists of 95 students from the 2nd semester as the sample. The data of students' speaking anxiety were collected through questionnaire namely FLCAS (Foreign Language Anxiety) which was adopted from Horwitz and Cope. While the data of speaking fluency were collected by using speaking test. There are two variables in this research, students' speaking anxiety as the independent variable and students' speaking fluency as the dependent variable. The data were analyzed by using SPSS and Pearson Product Moment was used to find out the relationship between the two variables. The result showed that there was a significant and negative correlation between students' speaking anxiety and their speaking fluency. The significant value is .045<.05 and the value of correlation is -206. The negative correlation in this research indicates that there is an inverse correlation between those two variables. The students obtain low level of anxiety and achieved a high-level score in speaking fluency.


The continuous growth of the traffic at a rapid pace raises challenges related to the efficient use of resources and saving of energy in the transport network. The new traffic pattern is characterized by faster growth of metro traffic compared with core, due in part to video content replication. In this paper, we compare the resource requirements of three different transport technologies (optical packet switching, opaque circuit switching and transparent circuit switching) within two architecture scenarios (the current hub-and-spoke architecture and the next generation distributed architecture). The comparison study takes into consideration the predicted traffic growth from 2014 to 2019 and the potential traffic decentralization due to content replication. For the optical packet switching, we focus on Time-domain Wavelength Interleaved Network (TWIN) solution which achieves passive switching at the intermediate nodes thanks to the precomputed optical packet emission schedule. Results show that TWIN outperforms the other transport technologies in terms of number of transmitters and receivers with a high ability to cope with scalability issues.


Abstract : Since current diagnostic tools fail to detect breast cancer (BC) metastatic spread at a very early stage, we proposed a new approach for the early detection of metastatic disease in BC patients using cancer cell derived particles known as exosomes as a guide. We hypothesized that exosomes tagged with appropriate radionuclides could be used as molecular imaging probes to study and non-invasively image metastatic spread, and to detect pre-metastatic niches using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or Positron emission tomography (PET). During this report period we have: 1) isolated and characterized exosomes from a series of BC cell lines of different metastatic capacity and tropism, 2) radiolabeled isolated BC exosomes with different radionuclides, such as 111In, 64Cu, 89Zr . We plan to 3) study the uptake and subsequent intracellular transport of radiolabeled exosomes by different cell types involved in premetastatic niche formation, 4) to study the in vivo stability, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of radiolabeled exosomes following intravenous administration in naive and pathological mouse models. 5) Study the biodistribution and tumor uptake of radiolabeled exosomes (derived from peripheral blood of BC patients) in BC.


An array tester technology using a proximity capacitance image sensor with high resolution and high-speed performance identifying electrically positions and types of defects on flat panel substrates are discussed. Some results of defects on lines and pixel-electrodes on LCD and Mini-LED panels using the array tester are demonstrated.


Agricultural production depends on local agroclimatic conditions to a great extent, affected by ENSO and other ocean-atmospheric climate modes. This paper analyzed the spatio-temporal distributions of climate elements in the Jianghan Plain (JHP), Central China, and explored the impacts from teleconnection patterns, aimed at providing references for dealing with climate change and guiding agricultural activities. Both linear and multifactorial regression models were constructed based on the frequentist quantile regression and Bayesian quantile regression method, with the daily meteorological data sets of 17 national stations in the plain and teleconnection climate characteristic indices. The results showed that precipitation in JHP had stronger spatial variability than evapotranspiration. El Niño probably induced less precipitation in summer while the weakening Arctic Oscillation might lead to more summertime precipitation. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of the multifactorial and linear regression model at the median level were 0.42–0.56 and 0.12–0.18, respectively. The mean relative error (MRE) ranged −2.95–−0.26% and −7.83–0.94%, respectively, indicating the much better fitting accuracy of the multiple climatic factors model. Meanwhile it confirmed that the agricultural climate in JHP was under the influence from multiple teleconnection patterns.


We propose a discrete time probabilistic model for predicting the future position of airliners, based on information about their current positions and flight plans. The model is used to derive an algorithm for detecting possible conflicts between aircraft, situations where the aircraft may come closer than a certain distance to one another with high probability.


This article provides an intertextual study of the interaction between Psalm 115:17, Jacob Glatstein's "Dead Men Don't Praise God," and Jacqueline Osherow's "Dead Men's Praise." Where the psalm takes as axiomatic that the dead cannot praise God, these Jewish poets ask why that is the case and use the psalm verse as a vantage from which to focus a perception of the holocaust's aftermath. The result reveals a history of re-readings that shows the midrashic character of modern Jewish poetry, its ability, in Maecra Shreiber's term, to "trouble" seemingly settled perceptions of precursory texts with complexity, and, as lament, to approach a redemption of the dead whose praise yet remains elusive.


Objective To investigate the anti-gastric cancer effect and mechanism of cytokine induced killer cells pulsed with gastric cancer antigen loaded dendritic cells(Ag-DC-CIK) in combination with Newcasatle Diease virus(NDV).Methods CIK cells and DC cells were induced and cultured by mononuclear cells from peripheral blood of healthy adult.Human gastric cancer cells SGC-7901 were cultured in vitro and the antigen suspension of gastric cancer cells prepared by repetitive freeze thaw method was used to allergize DC cells.Model of gastric cancer were established in 24 mice and divided into PBS group,NDV group,Ag-DC-CIK group and NDV+ Ag-DC-CIK group on average.Then PBS,NDV,Ag-DC-CIK,NDV+ Ag-DC-CIK were injected into tumors of which respectively.The volume of tumor was measured to calculate the tumor inhibitory rate,the necrosis area scores were noted after HE stain. Results Compared with the NDV group or Ag-DC-CIK group,the average volume of tumor in NDV+Ag-DC-CIK group reduced,while the tumor inhibitory rare and the score of tumor necrosis area increased.Conclusion CIK pulsed with gastric cancer antigen loaded DC combined with NDV have a synergistic effect to kill gastric cancer cells.The mechanism is that NDV can enhance the antigenicity of gastric cancer cells,so as to afford more targes for the CIK cells.


Synopsis: For over a century, the study of specific antipathogenic strategies in insects has been confounded by non-specific responses to integumental invasion. Experimental injury to diapausing Hyalophora cecropia silkmoth pupae elucidated some of the events inherent in this response?increased oxygen consumption and DNA and RNA synthesis leading to de novo synthesis of proteins, some of which are constituents of the adult protein cohort as well as some injury-specific ones. The mechanism which enforces diapause is apparently released by integumental injury as well as by normal developmental stimuli. Recent work has concentrated on purification of antipathogenic and injury-specific pro? teins, the possible involvement of lectins in the immune response, and localization of synthesis of these proteins in hemocytes and fat body cells. At least ten different hemo? lymph proteins which are synthesized by fat body cells in response to inoculation of lepidopteran species with bacteria currently are being isolated. The hemolymph of H. cecropia contains lectins which are synthesized by hemocytes. Analysis of in vitro incor? poration of [3H]leucine by hemocytes into proteins reveals that these lectins apparently are not constituents of the secreted injury response protein complex in fifth instar caterpillars or diapausing pupae, nor are hemolymph lectin titers significantly different in healthy versus diseased or injured animals. However, intracellular lectin concentrations may increase upon injury. Increased lectin titer and induction of bactericidal activity coincide in another holometabolous species, the fleshfly Sarcophaga peregrina. Pursuit of these studies may elaborate our knowledge of insect cellular immunity.


By comparing the infrared (7000 to 11 000 A) and vacuum ultraviolet (1050 to 1350 A) nitrogen afterglow emission to the visible (5300 to 6500 A) afterglow it has been determined that: (1) all these portions of the afterglow spectrum decay identically with time; (2) the predominant emission in the vacuum ultraviolet between 1050 and 1350 A may be attributed to the Lyman‐Birge‐Hopfield bands from the 6, 5, 4 vibration levels and that the population of these levels is collisionally deactivated by molecular nitrogen with a probaability of 1×10—2/collision; and (3) that apparently half the intensity of the first positive infrared bands with ν′<6 are excited through an intermediate state or complex whose lifetime is no shorter than 10—7 sec and which, in the absence of collisions, does not contribute to the emission in the regions between 1050 and 11 000 A that have been monitored.


* The research reported here was partially funded by the IRS (TIRNO – 07 – P – 00683). The views expressed are those of the authors, and do not reflect the opinions of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) or of any researchers working within the IRS. An earlier version of this paper, with pilot data only, was presented at the 2007 IRS Research Conference, under the title " I'm From the IRS and I'm Here to Help You ". We are grateful to Kim Bloomquist and to participants at the conference for helpful discussions and comments. Abstract The traditional " enforcement " paradigm of tax administration views taxpayers as potential criminals, and emphasizes the repression of illegal behavior through frequent audits and stiff penalties. However, an important trend in tax administration policies in recent years is the recognition that this paradigm is incomplete. Instead, a revised " service " paradigm recognizes the role of enforcement, but also emphasizes the role of tax administration as a facilitator and a provider of services to taxpayer-citizens. While such " kinder, friendlier " provisions may improve the image of the tax authority, and indeed have been an essential part of many recent tax administration reforms around the world, their actual effect on tax compliance has never, to our knowledge, been quantified. This research utilizes laboratory experiments to test the effectiveness of taxpayer service programs in enhancing tax compliance. Our basic experimental setting mimics the naturally occurring environment: subjects earn income, they must choose whether to file a tax return, and they then must choose how much of their net income to report to a tax authority that may audit the subject. To investigate the effects of taxpayer services, we " complicate " these compliance decisions of subjects, and then provide " services " from the " tax administration " that allow subjects to compute more easily their tax liabilities. Our results indicate that tax agency provided information on an individual's tax liability has little impact on the tendency of an individual to file a tax return, but that this information has a significant and positive effect on reporting for individuals who choose to file a return.


Summary. A new genus of Burseraceae, Rosselia Forman, is described. Its single species R. bracteata Forman is known from only two collections made on Rossel I. in the Louisiade Archipelago off the southeastern end of Papua New Guinea. The genus is distinctive in the conspicuous foliaceous bracts borne along the elongate inflorescences. The gross morphology is discussed; features of the trimerous flowers and the endocarps composed of three fused pyrenes indicate that Rosselia belongs in the tribe Canarieae. The anatomy of the leaf and young stem is described and the presence of features typical of Burseraceae is confirmed. A comparison is made of four significant anatomical characters of Rosselia and their distribution in the rest of Burseraceae; the greatest resemblance is found to be with tribe Canarieae, followed by Protieae. The pollen morphology is described and the pollen is found to be a distinctive type dissimilar to all known pollen types in the Burseraceae. Certain features, however, notably the lalongate, costate endoapertures, occur in other genera of the family. The unusual pollen of Rosselia is considered in the light of other pollen types unique to particular genera of Burseraceae. Reasons for the disparity of the pollen of Rosselia within the family are suggested.


Angular dependence of the critical current in a varying Lorentz-force configuration for a SmBCO coated conductor has been studied. Near the transition temperature, the angular dependence of the critical current in a varying Lorentz-force configuration was quite similar to the result of a constant Lorentz-force measurement. As the temperature is lowered and as the field is aligned along the ab-plane, the critical current measured in a varying Lorentz-force configuration becomes larger than the constant Lorentz-force measurement. We found that the field dependence of the critical current and n-value can be described by the same pinning model, the Kramer model including thermal activation, reported for constant Lorentz-force measurements of various ReBCO (Re, rare earth, Sm, or Y) thin films [S. Oh et al., J. Appl. Phys. 102, 043904 (2007)]. As a possible reason, the Lorentz force acting on segments of twisted vortex lines due to collective pinning or by thermal excitations is discussed. It is further argued that the difference in the critical current for the varying and constant Lorentz-force measurements can be understood as mainly due to a variation in the pinning force, if we interpret the Lorentz force on twisted vortex lines as a scalar product between the applied field and current.Angular dependence of the critical current in a varying Lorentz-force configuration for a SmBCO coated conductor has been studied. Near the transition temperature, the angular dependence of the critical current in a varying Lorentz-force configuration was quite similar to the result of a constant Lorentz-force measurement. As the temperature is lowered and as the field is aligned along the ab-plane, the critical current measured in a varying Lorentz-force configuration becomes larger than the constant Lorentz-force measurement. We found that the field dependence of the critical current and n-value can be described by the same pinning model, the Kramer model including thermal activation, reported for constant Lorentz-force measurements of various ReBCO (Re, rare earth, Sm, or Y) thin films [S. Oh et al., J. Appl. Phys. 102, 043904 (2007)]. As a possible reason, the Lorentz force acting on segments of twisted vortex lines due to collective pinning or by thermal excitations is discussed. It is further argued...


could be constructed with precisely equal spring constants in the two directions, then the Coriolis forces acting during vibration would suppress the resonance in a spacecraft for which C<A. However, if the spring constants are even slightly different, then this interaction with Coriolis forces is not perfect and a resonant condition indeed occurs. This behavior is illustrated graphically by examining a combined response parameter vs frequency as determined by digital computer simulation of the complete, linearized equations-ofmotion (Fig. 2). At a.-1, the sharp resonance is indeed suppressed, which could lead an unwary analyst to conclude that such a system has no resonance and therefore poses no problems with regard to dedamping or excessive structural deflections. This phenomenon is just one more example of a situation in spin-stabilized satellite dynamics in which treating an apparently simple case can lead to erroneous conclusions.


Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of modifications to traditional particle repositioning maneuvers in the treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.