As most existing experimental studies on plate anchors were carried out in uniform clay, a centrifuge model study is presented in this paper to investigate the pull-out behaviour of plate anchors in normally consolidated clay, which is not uncommon in offshore seabed. Horizontal and inclined anchors with different embedment depths and aspect ratios (length to width) are considered. The soil movement pattern around the plate anchor is evaluated from high-resolution photographs taken during the tests employing the Particle Image Velocimetry technique. The separation mechanism at the plate-soil interface is hence identified. The significant contribution of suction towards the ultimate pull-out capacity of a plate anchor is quantified by monitoring the soil resistance and the pore pressure beneath the anchor base under undrained condition. By comparing the pull-out responses of horizontal and inclined anchors, the effect of anchor inclination on the anchor capacity and failure mechanism is evaluated.


An outbreak of poisoning by Baccharidastrum triplinervium in cattle from Parana, Brazil, is described. The disease occurred during a severe drought in early summer. The onset of clinical signs was two days after 50 cows and 8 heifers had been introduced into a pasture with high density of B. triplinervium that showed signs of having been consumed by the animals. Fifteen animals (9 cows and 6 heifers) got sick. Of these 15, two cows and four heifers died after a clinical course of 12-60 hours. Clinical signs included depression, ruminal atony, moderate bloat, marked dehydration, mild diarrhea and anorexia. The animals were restless, laying down and getting up constantly, remaining progressively longer periods in sternal recumbency. Once in that position, the animals had an extended head or the head turned to one of the sides of the body, and were groaning. Additionally, the cows had an abrupt fall in milk yield. The remaining affected cattle presented milder clinical signs and were partially back to their feed on the day following the onset of the clinical signs. The milk production was back to normal values within one week. The main gross lesions observed in two necropsied cows were in the forestomachs and abomasum, consisting of edema of the ruminal wall, as well as of diffuse reddening of the mucosae of the rumen, reticulum, abomasum and of some of the omasal folds. The main histological lesions included multifocal ballooning degeneration and necrosis of the lining epithelium of the rumen, associated with neutrophilic infiltrate. The diagnosis was based on the epidemiological data and on the experimental reproduction of the disease by force-feeding 3 bovine with the aeral fresh parts (20 and 30g/kg) of B. triplinervium. Chemical analysis of dried material from B. triplinervium harvested at the site of the outbreak was negative for macrocyclic trichothecenes.


In this paper, we propose a new methodology to solve the robot path planning problem. This methodology uses a genetic-based adaptive fuzzy controller to navigate the robot from the starting location to the goal location safely and smoothly. For generating the fuzzy rule sets automatically and tuning the parameters of the membership functions adaptively, an encoded knowledge structure of the fuzzy genetic map (FGM) is presented. To prevent the condition that causes too many binary digits for encoding the membership chromosome, we develop a ring structure to reduce the size of the chromosome. In the selection procedure of the genetic algorithm, we develop fitness functions such as safety factor, smoothness factor and minimum-length factor for different criteria. Two types of environmental maps are tested to verify the robustness of the methodology, where the obstacles of the maps are surrounded with the artificial potential field. Compared with other traditional heuristic methods for robot path planning, the proposed methodology shows robust learning capability and better performance.


On November 20, 1991, the National Marine Fisheries Service listed Snake River sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka as endangered under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. In 1991, the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes, and the National Marine Fisheries Service initiated efforts to conserve and rebuild populations in Idaho. Initial steps to recover sockeye salmon included the establishment of a captive broodstock program at the Idaho Department of Fish and Game Eagle Fish Hatchery. Sockeye salmon broodstock and culture responsibilities are shared with the National Marine Fisheries Service at two locations adjacent to Puget Sound in Washington State. Activities conducted by the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes and the National Marine Fisheries Service are reported under separate cover. Idaho Department of Fish and Game monitoring and evaluation activities of captive broodstock program fish releases (annual report to the Bonneville Power Administration for the research element of the program) are also reported separately. Captive broodstock program activities conducted between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2001 for the hatchery element of the program are presented in this report. In 2001, 26 anadromous sockeye salmon returned to the Sawtooth Basin. Twenty-three of these adults were captured at adult weirs located on themore » upper Salmon River and on Redfish Lake Creek. Three of the anadromous sockeye salmon that returned were observed below the Sawtooth Fish Hatchery weir and allowed to migrate upstream volitionally (following the dismantling of the weir on October 12, 2001). Nine anadromous adults were incorporated into the captive broodstock program spawning design in 2001. The remaining adults were released to Redfish Lake for natural spawning. Based on their marks, returning adult sockeye salmon originated from a variety of release options. Two sockeye salmon females from the anadromous group and 152 females from the brood year 1998 captive broodstock group were spawned at the Eagle Hatchery in 2001. Spawn pairings produced approximately 118,121 eyed-eggs with egg survival to eyed stage of development averaging 42.0%. Presmolts (106,166), smolts (13,915), and adults (79) were planted or released into Stanley Basin waters in 2001. Supplementation strategies involved releases to Redfish Lake, Redfish Lake Creek, Alturas Lake, and Pettit Lake. During this reporting period, five broodstocks and two unique production groups were in culture at Idaho Department of Fish and Game facilities (Eagle Fish Hatchery and Sawtooth Fish Hatchery). Two of the five broodstocks were incorporated into the 2001 spawning design, and one broodstock was terminated following the completion of spawning.« less


At the request of the US Bureau of Land Management, 710 acres of the Owl Creek Wilderness Study Area were studied for mineral endowment. Field and laboratory studies were conducted by the US Geological Survey and the US Bureau of Mines. A search of US Bureau of Land Management, State, and County records showed no current or previous mining claim activity and, other than common-variety sand and gravel, no mineral resources were identified during field examination of this study area. Sand and gravel is classified as an inferred subeconomic resource; however, the remoteness of this area precludes much usage of this material. About two-thirds of this study area is under lease for oil and gas. This entire study area has a moderate resource potential for undiscovered oil and gas and a low resource potential for undiscovered metals, coal, zeolites, and geothermal energy.


Forgotten Books, United States, 2015. Paperback. Book Condition: New. 229 x 152 mm. Language: English . Brand New Book ***** Print on Demand *****.Excerpt from A Monograph of the Mollusca From the Great Oolite Chiefly From Coast and the Coast, Vol. 1 The authors of the present Monograph, after due consideration of the materials at their disposal, have thought fit to limit their illustrations to the Testacea of the Great or Bath Oolite; a term under which they would include the series of beds situated between the Fullers-earth strata upon which they repose, and the Bradford clay to which they are subjacent. To have enlarged the plan, so as to include the Testacea of the Cornbrash and Forest marble, would doubtless have been more comprehensive; but in the present state of our knowledge, the advantage would have been rather apparent than real. It will be found that the very few univalves which have been assigned to those deposits are almost without exception contained likewise in the Great Oolite, and will be found in the Monograph. It is, moreover, not impossible, that at some future time a series of univalves may be obtained from the Cornbrash, or Forest marble, differing specifically...


Based upon the authors experience of volunteering at a Food Bank, this critical examination highlights the practices and values of The Food Bank as a contemporary vital institution. The need for emergency food is escalating, with a 70% rise in food parcels over the last two years (MKFoodBank,2013). The global issue of hunger is localised in the rationale of UK Food Banks and a social analysis of this charity is important, as exhibiting patterns of social inequalities is one way in which we can recognise our society's excluded and notions of a new poor (Crompton, 1996, cited in Elliott, 2002).


Studies have shown that secondary information presented in spatially commingled environments along with primary tasks can adversely affect the performance of that task, as might be the case for information delivered to drivers by a Heads-Up Display (HUD). However, it is unclear how that message's relevance to the task at hand (e.g., driving) might impact either detection of that message, or performance of a primary task. In this study, participants were asked to enumerate cars on a screen in an experiment that sporadically presented them with semantically similar and dissimilar pieces of information in a spatially intermingled environment. The results indicate that when occupying the same spatial proximity as the primary stimuli, all secondary stimuli disrupt primary task performance, regardless of its relevance to the primary task.


: This study aimed to determine the association between pre-competition perceived player wellbeing measures and subsequent relative and peak running performance of developmental youth female soccer players (n = 15, age: 16 ± 1 years). Total distance (TD), high-speed (> 3.5 m/s) (HSRD) and very high-speed (> 5.3 m/s) running (VHSRD) were expressed using 1, 2-and 5-minute epochs and relative (per minute) calculations. Fatigue, sleep quality, upper and lower-body muscle soreness, stress, and mood wellbeing measures were collected via a self-reported questionnaire (1–5 Likert scale). Menstrual cycle phase was collected via a calendar-based countback method. Results demonstrated that reductions in stress was associated with decreased relative and peak TD in all epochs (p = 0.008–0.040), relative and peak HSRD (p = 0.006–0.039) in 2-and 5-minute epochs as well as VHSRD in 2-minute epochs (p = 0.026). For example, a one-point reduction of 'normal' to 'relaxed' is associated with a decrease of 7 m/min in peak TD for 1-minute epochs. One-point increase in fatigue (e.g., 'normal' to 'more tired than normal') displayed a decrease of 7 m/min peak TD for 2-minute (p = 0.048) and 9 m/min for 5-minute ( p = 0.007) rolling epochs. Likewise, one-point increase in lower-body muscle-soreness (e.g., 'normal' to 'increase in soreness/tightness') was associated with a reduction of 6 m/min peak VHSRD for 1-minute epochs (p = 0.034). Results suggest that perceived player wellbeing can influence running performance. However, the magnitude of the change in player wellbeing should be considered in a practical sense. CITATION


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to help managers determine whether RFID is appropriate for their particular organizational needs and to give them some guidelines for implementing an RFID solution.Design/methodology/approach – This paper is a general review of RFID and offers instructions to managers who are in a dilemma as to whether RFID is right for their organization or application.Findings – The results of this study provide managers with procedures to follow that will enable them to minimize RFID implementation problems.Practical implications – For practicing managers, these implementation procedures have important implications. As with any technological implementation, the needs of the organization, its personnel, and customers must be at the forefront of the process.Originality/value – This paper offers managers a valuable perspective on the RFID implementation process for their organization.


Melia dubio has a good potential as a fast growing, moderate quality timbertree. Its seed germination is vel:V poor. so that it is not possihle to ensure areliable supply of seed for a large-scale planting programme. A successfulmethod of vegetative propagation was found to he to take cuttings from sixmonths-old seedlings. A cutting was taken from each seedling up to eight timesat 5-8 day intervals. The success rate of rooting was 89%.


The objective of this work is to evaluate the additional oncological benefit of photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) using blue‐light cystoscopy in transurethral resection (TURBT) for primary non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) based on the International Bladder Cancer Group (IBCG)‐defined progression and the subsequent pathological pathways.


To demonstrate the safety of a geological repository in the post-closure phase possible releases of radionuclides as well as organic and inorganic substances via the water path are to be investigated. In the appendix to the ordinance on groundwater protection of March 18, 1997, those families and groups of substances are listed which may cause a harmful pollution of groundwater or a detrimental change of its characteristics. Within the licensing procedure for the Konrad repository project it was shown that the respective organic and inorganic substances listed in this appendix as well as in further relevant documents may not reach or may reach the groundwater in a quantity so small as to obviate the danger of a deterioration of the groundwater.


Using optical pumping and magnetic resonance the authors have measured Lande factors for six levels of the 5p56s, 5p56p and 5p57p configurations of xenon and three levels of the 4p55p configuration of krypton. These values are compared with other experimental and theoretical values.


The virtual library for historical research,which is as the scientific collection of history resources on the network and emerged in the 1990's,solves the teaching material shortage of history teachers in high school with an economic,convenient and efficient way and possesses more and more functions in the teaching of history.This paper analyzes the feasibility of applying the virtual library for historical research into the teaching of history in high school,and introduces the concrete application of the virtual library for historical research and some relevant websites.


This paper considers the problem of detecting causal interactions in video clips. Specifically, the goal is to detect whether the actions of a given target can be explained in terms of the past actions of a collection of other agents. We propose to solve this problem by recasting it into a directed graph topology identification, where each node corresponds to the observed motion of a given target, and each link indicates the presence of a causal correlation. As shown in the paper, this leads to a block-sparsification problem that can be efficiently solved using a modified Group-Lasso type approach, capable of handling missing data and outliers (due for instance to occlusion and mis-identified correspondences). Moreover, this approach also identifies time instants where the interactions between agents change, thus providing event detection capabilities. These results are illustrated with several examples involving non-trivial interactions amongst several human subjects.


Ge/Si separate absorption, charge, and multiplication avalanche photodiodes (SACM APDs) coupled with waveguides have shown significant potential as high-sensitivity, low-noise, and high-speed photodetectors for optical communications. In this study, we present a waveguide-integrated Ge/Si SACM APD fabricated on an eight-inch silicon photonics platform. The device exhibits a primary responsivity of 0.68 A/W at the unit gain voltage of 6 V for the O-band (1310 nm) wavelength, with a 10 μm-long and 1 μm-wide Ge layer. Additionally, the device demonstrates a 3 dB bandwidth of 25.7 GHz, with an input optical power of −16.8 dBm. The largest gain bandwidth product (GBP) is 247 GHz at a gain of 9.64 and a bias voltage of 15.7 V. The eye diagram is open at the bias voltage of 16 V, with a capacity to receive 28 Gbps of data. This APD shows potential for application in high-speed data transmission systems.


Aiming to characteristics of geographic information systems courses and my own experiences in the teaching process as well as the problems of the college students in the previous studying,the author conducted in-depth thinking focused on teaching curricula and useful exploration of teaching methods.The teacher and students should be a whole in the teaching process,all the choice of teaching methods should be under the standard that the students should be able to understand,imitate and apply.in the whole teaching process teacher should fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the students,and guide students from passive learning to active learning.According to the specific circumstances of the students in the teaching process,the teacher should give his lectures flexibly,such as self-learning,teaching the students by themselves and the teacher added corrective and discussing.Experimental teaching process should focus on training students' logical thinking and the ability to solve practical problems by selecting the actual case.


Washed cells of Dunaliella tertiolecta Butcher became immobile and agglutinated upon exposure to 100–400 μ/mL lectins in NaCl solution. The agglutinations were strongest with Limulus polyphemus agglutinin and wheat‐germ agglutinin, moderate with soybean agglutinin and weakest with Concanavalin A. All lectin‐induced agglutinations were inhibited or mitigated by the simultaneous presence of specific lectin‐binding sugars. The differential sensitivity of the alga to these lectins suggested that sialic acid and/or N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine might be the predominant lectin‐receptor sugars in the algal surface coat, with N‐acetyl‐D‐galactosamine likely present as a lesser component. In the absence of lectins, the divalent cations Mg2+, Ca2+ or Mn2+ also caused agglutination, but this process required an alkaline pH of at least ca. 8.6–8.9. Such cation‐induced agglutination was reversibly inhibited by the cation complexing agent EDTA as well as by lowering the pH below 8.0. SEM observations of the agglutinations revealed random flagellar attachments as well as direct body contact between agglutinated cells.


Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), which can reflect the 24h mean blood pressure, precisely characterize changes in blood pressure throughout daily activities and circadian rhythm, has been found to be superior to traditional blood pressure monitoring. ABPM is in more widespread use in recognition of children's white coat hypertension and masked hypertension, predicting target-organ damage, assessing the efficacy of antihypertentive drug treatment and distinguishing primary hypertension from secondary hypertension.The article summarizes the clinical applications of ABPM in pediatrics.

Key words:
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring;  Children;  Standard


Complex diseases require precise phenotyping if their genetic basis is to be properly understood. This process is more complex than the analysis used for monogenic diseases. Collecting family phenotypic data is costly and time consuming, making such studies difficult. We have developed a family‐oriented, field working approach that relies on index patients, their primary‐care physicians, and a minimum number of field working staff. The index patients recruit family members by distributing packs containing the materials necessary for participation. Computer analysis of the data returned enables construction of the medical family tree. We have extended this genetic field working approach to patients with lipid disorders, arterial hypertension, non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus, and the 'Metabolic Syndrome'. Data from these groups can be used to identify susceptibility genes for premature arteriosclerosis. We describe a cost‐effective methodology that can be used in the primary‐care setting to identify 'at‐risk' patients and facilitate effective targeting of limited health‐care resources. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


ABSTRACT A new opposed type double-stage large volume cell has been developed to compress large volume samples to more than 100 GPa (Mbar) pressure. A pair of second-stage diamond anvils is introduced into the first-stage Paris–Edinburgh press. The double-stage large volume cell allows the generation of ultrahigh pressures using a large culet diameter of the second-stage diamond anvils (diameters of 0.5–1.2 mm). Pressure generation up to 131 GPa has been achieved by using the culet diameter of 0.5 mm. Sample volume of the double-stage large volume cell can be more than ∼100 times larger than that of conventional Mbar experiment using a diamond anvil cell. The double-stage large volume cell has a large opening in the horizontal plane for X-ray measurements, which is particularly suited for the multi-angle energy dispersive X-ray diffraction measurement, thus opening a new way of in situ structural determinations of amorphous materials at Mbar pressures.


Food industry has today become more oriented towards customer and requires quick response system. Electronic systems help in minimizing the unsafe production and distribution of food products. Currently the food labelling systems do not guarantee the good quality and safeness of the food. Hence, traceability is a tool applied to assist for assuring of food safety and its quality. We have used Active RFID system for the traceability, the communication protocol of Active RFID has been carefully designed. Energy efficient protocol has been developed and its aggregated throughput, delay and evaluation of the number of collisions happening in the radio channels is done and compared to the existing protocols, commercially available for Active RFID. In case of Marine food monitoring the TMA (trimethylamine) gas is liberated when the marine food starts to decay, using this liberated TMA gas as one of the parameters we determine freshness of food. In this paper it is also discussed about the designing and developing of the TMA (trimethylamine) sensor which can operate at normal room temperature.


An environmentally friendly alternative device, called Hydrosolar Roof, designed for heat dissipation in buildings has been integrated into a standard air conditioning system. To perform an energy consumption optimisation it has been necessary to include all the elements in a global model. Then, three main subsystems have been considered: Cooling Machine, Hydraulic Network and Hydrosolar Roof. A description of the three subsystems is done and the mathematical model is presented. The Cooling machine thermodynamic model has been carried out using EES (Engineering Equation Solver). The Hydraulic network model has piping, pump and nozzle information. The Hydrosolar Roof direct contact heat and mass transfer simulation has been developed with a CFD code. Special attention has been paid on the cooling efficiency. The global model has been applied to a real prototype facility experimentally tested. All the energy consumptions have been calculated for different pumping heads. A global coefficient of performance (COP) has been defined and the optimum value obtained. (


The calibration processes consume a big quantity of resources: equipment and people, time and cost. As the number of calibration points increase the resources increase in the same extent. This automatic tool, aimed to reduce these resources, has been designed for commanding, managing and analyzing in real time a large number of acquired data points coming from the specimen under calibration and the standards used in the calibration process, applying at the same time the metrological algorithms which validate the calibration point. Its greatest achievement is the implementation of the rules for accepting or discarding the data point and the level of automation of the process. In the last flight test campaign its usage has been crucial for providing on time the data with the high accuracy required. It was achieved the commissioning of almost 200 temperature parameters in a short period of time taking advantage of equipment which nominal accuracy was not high enough for their direct application.


Assessment of air quality is an integral part of the strategy to improve the quality of life and health of the population. According to the recommendations of the World Health Organization, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, and particulate matter are subject to monitoring. Of particular interest are nitrogen oxides and ozone, which are characterized by an inverse correlation. The study is aimed at establishing the degree of this relationship according to the data of an automated monitoring system and assessing the level of air pollution in St. Petersburg, Russia. In addition, it is necessary to control the content of various specific compounds, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This is because public health impacts include exposure to both the VOCs themselves and secondary air pollutants resulting from chemical reactions between VOCs and other components. Thus, these substances are constantly monitored at observation stations in St. Petersburg. VOC monitoring provides for qualitative and quantitative analysis on measuring equipment with preliminary sampling and their preparation. Sampling uses various methods and devices. Based on the results of the theoretical and experimental studies, the authors propose the use of sampling devices, which differ from analogues in their design, metrological and operational characteristics.


Normalized lowering and raising operators are constructed for the orthogonal group in the canonical group chain O(n) ⊃ O(n − 1) ⊃ … ⊃ O(2) with the aid of graphs which simplify their construction. By successive application of such lowering operators for O(n), O(n − 1), … on the highest weight states for each step of the chain, an explicit construction is given for the normalized basis vectors. To illustrate the usefulness of the construction, a derivation is given of the Gel'fand‐Zetlin matrix elements of the infinitesimal generators of O(n).


This paper aims to analyze the influence of systemic racism on quarter-life crisis, experienced by Malcolm X, as seen in The Autobiography of Malcolm X (As Told to Alex Haley). Its emphasis is to find the relation between racial segregation in American society and its influence on quarter-life crisis, which is a psychological crisis of uncertainty, self-insecurity and identity confusion, occurs during emerging adulthood. Therefore, by applying a qualitative method, this research is under Post-Nationalist American Studies and psychosocial approach as an integrated paradigm which accommodates the inter-disciplinary aspects of �self and society�. The analysis showed that racial segregation, in the field of education and job occupation, is a form of systemic racism which influences Malcolm X�s mental wellness as an emerging adult African-American. He experiences Robinson�s phases of quarter-life crisis which are locked in, separation/time-out, exploration and rebuilding. In fact, racial segregation in this narrative works as �a function of blocked opportunities� which disallows young African-Americans to develop their own competencies and to achieve their �American Dream�. However, in the development of his quarter-life crisis, Malcolm X managed to rebuild his new long-term commitment contributing to the reconstruction of his adult identity as an African-American Muslim activist.


Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic and potentially life-threatening genetic blood disorder with childhood onset. Caring for children with SCD can precipitate greater than average time demands, medical costs, employment constraints, and childcare challenges. Research has shown that family resilience is a key construct capable of enhancing family health and well-being, as well as neutralizing the burden of caring for an ill child. Aim: Applying the Family Resilience Model, this qualitative study involved exploring the phenomenon of family resilience through the perceptions and lived experiences of family caregivers of children with SCD. Methods: 10 self-identified primary SCD caregivers were recruited with the help of the Sickle Cell Association of New Jersey (SCANJ). Three researches and five open-ended interview questions elicited participants' descriptions of their lived experiences. Results: Using an Interpretive Phenomenological Approach and Donabedian's conceptual model to analyze data, three categories emerged from verbatim transcriptions of interviews: family experiences and caring for a child with SCD (Structure); family strengths (Process); and resilience & adaptation (Outcome). The emergent theme was Key Family Strengths Fosters Family Resilience and Adaptation. Conclusions: Findings from this study offered insight into the diverse experiences of caring for children with SCD in the framework of family resilience. Results can facilitate the enhancement of family resilience and adaptation for future families and in designing care specifically tailored for these family caregivers. Recognizing resilience processes utilized by family caregivers of children with SCD is important for future research and to render support by healthcare practitioners.


This paper is written at a time of public and policy concern with the behaviour of pupils in our schools. At this time, despite the dominance of the inclusion agenda, pupils with Social, Emotional or Behavioural difficulties (SEBD), along with pupils with moderate learning difficulties continue to be educated outside the mainstream (Farrell, 2001). This paper is an attempt to understand the differing experiences of pupils with SEBD from those of the majority of other groups of pupils with Special Educational Needs (SEN). In particular it reflects upon the potential contribution of research to practice in this area. The starting point for this exploration will be a review of the history of research in special education and a consideration of the ways in which SEBD can be seen to differ from other categories of special needs in relation to the kinds of explanations which are considered convincing.


A year has passed since the decision of Sergei Kirienko's government [to devalue the ruble] on 17 August [1998]. The economic crisis that this ignited and the acute political crisis that followed had consequences that are felt even today, although we cannot identify them all. Some of these consequences have been positive (such as the boost given to the development of domestic production), but many more have been negative. The crisis had a profound impact on people's living standards and in politics led to a substantial reshuffling both within the "party in power" and in the opposition camp. The current instability is a direct result of this reshuffling.


Heavy ion fusion is a topic of great interest in experimental as well as theoretical nuclear physics research for several years as it is one of the successful methods for the superheavy element (SHE) [1] synthesis. Fusion-fission and quasifission [2] are the two competing processes that severely inhibit the SHE formation. Because of the extremely low evaporation residue (ER) cross section in SHE region, it is important to understand the complex reaction dynamics in the medium heavy mass (200-220 amu) region so that one can extrapolate the knowledge gained from this region to the superheavy region. The present works focus on the importance of entrance channel effects on the fusion-fission reaction dynamics and the competition between fusion and quasifission processes in heavy ion reactions. To understand the importance of the entrance channel effect on the fusion-fission reaction dynamics, we have studied the fission fragment mass ratio distributions for the reaction Si+Hf and compared with the more asymmetric reaction O+Pt, forming the same compound nucleus (CN) [3]. Measurement was performed at the 15UD Pelletron accelerator facility of Inter University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi, using the General Purpose Scattering Chamber (GPSC). The fission fragments were detected using two large area position sensitive multiwire proportional counters (MWPCs) of active area 20 cm × 10 cm operated with isobutane gas of 3 Torr pressure. Fission fragment mass-angle and mass ratio distributions were obtained at energies above and below the Coulomb barrier. Kinematic coincidence method has been used for obtaining the MR distribution in this work. No mass angle correlation has been observed in the entire energy range of the present study. However, the widths of the fragment MR distributions are significantly larger for Si+Hf reaction when compared with that of O+Pt reaction. Calculations assuming the saddle point


here are approximately 150 persons who have PraderWilli syndrome (PWS) in Finland. Prader-Willi syndrome is a rare genetic disorder in which seven genes (or some subset thereof) on chromosome 15 are deleted or unexpressed on the paternal chromosome. Prader-Willi syndrome is traditionally characterized by ambiguous genitals, short stature, characteristic facial appearance, small hands and feet, abnormally increased appetite and obesity, diabetes, sleeping problems, behavioural problems (eg temper tantrums and compulsive traits), decreased functional activity of the gonads and mild mental retardation. Gross motor and language development are delayed. 2-5 .


Human height is strongly influenced by genetics but the contribution of modifiable epigenetic factors is under-explored, particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). We investigated links between blood DNA methylation and child height in four LMIC cohorts (n=1927) and identified a robust association at three CpGs in the suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) gene which replicated in a high-income country cohort (n=879). SOCS3 methylation (SOCS3m) – height associations were independent of genetic effects. Mendelian randomization analysis confirmed a causal effect of SOCS3m on height. In longitudinal analysis in a LMIC cohort, SOCS3m explained a maximum 9.5% of height variance in mid-childhood while the variance explained by height polygenic risk score increased from birth to 21 years (2% to 18%). Children's SOCS3m was associated with prenatal maternal folate and socio-economic status. In-vitro characterization confirmed a regulatory effect of SOCS3m on gene expression. Our findings suggest that epigenetic modifications may play an important role in driving child height in LMIC.


Big Data changes our daily lives, but does it also change international politics? In this contribution, Andrej Zwitter (NGIZ chair at Groningen University) argues that Big Data impacts on international relations in ways that we only now start to understand. To comprehend how Big Data influences world politics Zwitter illustrates new possibilities and risks in the areas of humanitarian action, development aid and international security.


Through the construction of parametric simulation models in which possible storage space distributions and positioning logics are also considered as variables, it is possible to build scenarios that allow analyzing the changing reality of storage needs in order to minimize material movements in each case, optimize internal transportation, and increase the efficiency of production processes. This article shows a particular analysis of a restricted storage space in height, typical to when it comes to logistics associated with raw material in a "big bag" format made of recycled and easily deteriorated material. In conjunction, a location management solution based on passive RFID (radio-frequency identification) tags has been chosen. The process is carried out through simulations with object-oriented discrete event software, where the optimization of the internal transport associated with the layout is carried out considering network theory to define the shortest path between warehouse nodes. The combination of both approaches allows, on the one hand, the evaluation of alternatives in terms of distribution and positioning logics, while the implemented system enables the possibility of making agile changes in the physical configuration of this type of storage space.


ABSTRACT Kelp forests, primarily Laminaria digitata, provide a broad range of ecosystem services of high social, economic, and ecological value and are considered one of the most productive ecosystems on the planet. Several studies have shown that kelp ecosystems are regressing in response to multiple stressors, especially climate change, which could lead to local extinctions. This may induce a decrease in the ecosystem services provided. Many studies use ecological niche models (ENM) to project potential future species distributions under climate change scenarios; however, no study has projected the future supply of ecosystem services resulting from shifts in species ranges and changes in biomass. In this study, using French coasts as a case study, we developed a new and reproducible methodological framework that combines ENM and ecosystem services indicators to assess impacts of climate change on ecosystem services supplied by kelp. To this end, we first identified ecosystem services currently provided by kelp and then used ENM to project future kelp distribution from 2041 to 2050 under climate scenarios RCP2.6 and RCP8.5. Finally, by estimating the biomass of kelp, we assessed the current and future ecosystem services provided by kelp.


Researchers analyzed 1988 data on contraceptive use of 8450 women from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) to examine patterns of contraceptive use and prevalence among religious groups in the US> They also compared these data with those from the 1973 and 1982 NSFGs and from the 1965 National Fertility Survey to determine long term trends in method use. About 60% of women from each religious group used a contraceptive method in 1988. Protestants were more likely to have undergone a tubal sterilization (32%) than other methods. Black and Hispanic Protestants used tubal sterilization and oral contraceptives (OCs) more often that White Protestants tended to rely on a vasectomy. Catholics tended to depend on OCs. Hispanic Catholics were less likely to use OCs than Black and Hispanic Catholics had had a tubal sterilization that White Catholics. Fundamentalist Protestants and Mormons were more likely to practice abstinence than Baptists or other Protestants. Jews preferred both male and female sterilization in 1982 and by 1988 they equally favored the diaphragm. In 1965 and 1975 currently married white Protestants were more likely than Catholics to be using contraceptive method and they most often used OCs. In 1965 Catholics tended to use the rhythm method but by 1973 they too favored OCs. Sterilization (both male and female) increased from 27-54% among Protestants and from 17-43% among Catholics between 1965-1973. By 1988 these percentages were essentially the same. A rapid rise in tubal sterilizations among Protestants between 1973-1988 resulted in a huge difference of tubal sterilization and vasectomy between Protestants and Catholics however. During the 1980s overall use of sterilization and condoms rose while use of IUDs and rhythm method fell.


The highest conductivity in graphene oxide based thin film electrodes has been achieved using high temperature annealing at 1100 °C. This is unfavorable for low cost production and application over plastic substrates. Here we report highly conducting graphene thin films using spin coating of a functionalized graphene solution over various substrates. The bridged graphene nanoflakes provide higher conducting pathways in the thin film, enabling electrodes to be fabricated at low temperatures of the order 150 °C. These thin film electrodes show remarkable sheet resistance of the order 0.4 kΩ sq.−1 and transmittance up to 94%. This work demonstrates that graphene based transparent electrodes have the potential to replace existing doped metal oxide based electrodes. The electrochemical performance of graphene thin films as active supercapacitor electrodes was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry. The calculated specific capacitance was found to be ≈49, 48, 48 and 68 F g−1 for the graphene thin film electrodes fabricated at spin speeds of 1000, 1200, 1400 and 1600 rpm, respectively. The above electrochemical performance indicates that the graphene electrodes show large specific capacitance and could be very attractive for several applications including wearable electronics, smart windows and advanced display panels.


Recent value factor underperformance has called into question whether the value factor payoff is cyclically low, or if there are more structural challenges. We use a new approach to explore a link between the well-known macroeconomic exposures of traditional asset classes and those of value premia in a multi-asset context, focusing on country equities, bonds, and currencies in developed markets. Taking advantage of the cross-country inflation and growth expectations implicit in every value portfolio, we derive the net inflation and real growth characteristics embedded in each asset class carry portfolio at each point in time. Our analysis provides several insights: (1) Multi-asset value payoff is only weakly related to the global business cycle. (2) However, we find that the payoff to value portfolios is strongly linked to relative growth and inflation expectations across countries. (3) Over the last decade, we find that cheaper assets have had much lower net relative macro exposures compared to earlier time periods. This characteristic coincides with the period of unconventional central bank policies designed to lift global growth after the Global Financial Crisis (GFC).


About the life interpretation of the traditional philosophy,this print has arranged the special interview of humanist,Professor Li Zhengang of Hebei University.The interview is carried out from the existent reasons of philosophy,the differences between Chinese and western philosophy and spiritual characteristics of Chinese philosophy,Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism in Chinese philosophy position,the perspective of life philosophy of Taoism and its ecological wisdom,the review and reflection of"May Fourth New Cultural Movement",and social transformation and moral dilemma of modern people;with fresh problem consciousness reproduces the humanistic care and psychological process of Professor Li Zhengang.


Many if not most lifetime distributions are motivated only by mathematical interest. Here, a new three-parameter distribution motivated mainly by lifetime issues is introduced. Some properties of the new distribution including estimation procedures, univariate generalizations and bivariate generalizations are derived. A real data application is described to show its superior performance versus at least that of 15 of the known lifetime models.


Introduction: Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) is a global epidemic and emergency that has caused significant changes in health care systems. The previous studies have reported an increased risk of thromboembolic events, including stroke, in patients with COVID-19. This systematic review was performed to describe the frequency, clinical features, and cognitive function of patients with thrombotic stroke and COVID-19 infection. Materials and Methods: The articles were searched based on the search strategy considered in the main databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct for the relevant manuscripts in the period from November 2019 to July 2021. The selected articles were considered based on criteria such as patient's age, time of onset of stroke, previous disease history, symptoms, inflammatory markers, drugs used, and final fate of patients. Results: Out of 1672 articles obtained from the initial search, 26 articles had inclusion criteria and were therefore included in the final analysis. The results of the study showed that the frequency of stroke and mortality in older people with COVID-19 infection is higher than in other ages. However, when systemic symptoms are severe, young people are prone to neurological complications. The Previous history of underlying diseases increased the severity and frequency of the disease. The onset of stroke varied from 2 hours to 4 weeks after the first symptoms of COVID-19. Furthermore, the symptoms of the disease appear in patients in more or less various forms, which are somewhat improved by the use of SARS- COV-2 suppressive drugs, prophylactic and anti-clotting drugs. Finally, the increased risk of ischemic stroke is probably multifactorial and is reflected by activation of coagulation and inflammatory pathways, increased levels of D-dimer, C- reactive protein, thrombin, fibrin, red blood cell deposition, lactate dehydrogenase, and lymphopenia. Conclusion: Although most patients with COVID-19 have a predominantly respiratory infection, some patients develop venous and arterial thromboembolic complications that can lead to stroke. However, further studies are needed to provide stronger estimates of the increased risk of stroke due to COVID-19 infection and to elucidate the exact pathophysiology of the SARS- COV-2 association with the risk of thrombotic stroke. e


Viscosities have been determined for the binary mixtures dimethyl carbonate (DMC) + hexane, + heptane, + octane, and + cyclohexane and diethyl carbonate (DEC) + hexane, + heptane, + octane, and + cyclohexane at (293.15, 298.15, 303.15, and 313.15) K and atmospheric pressure. Viscosity deviations for the binary systems were fitted to the Redlich−Kister equation. From these experimental data, the interaction parameters (CH3−OCOO), (CH2−OCOO), and (CH2cy−OCOO) have been determined for their application in the UNIFAC−VISCO method, based on contribution groups, to predict the dynamic viscosities of the binary mixtures. Root-mean-square deviations are also gathered.


The production of asphalt mixtures, both dense graded asphalt concrete and stone mastic mixes, is contrasted between Europe, and particularly Germany, and the U.S. The control of the coarse and fine aggregates, the addition of mineral filler and various additives, and the mixing of these materials in a batch type plant are discussed. The placement and compaction of these mixes is also described, with emphasis on the type of paver screed used, the methods employed to construct longitudinal and transverse joints, and the compactive effort used to densify both types of mixtures.


Mutation testing is an approach where mutations are introduced in the program. Each change causes a slight deviation from the original program and is called a mutant. Tests are performed which reject a mutant if its behavior differs from the original. Along with designing new software test suites, it also contributes in evaluating existing software tests. This paper introduces analyses and evaluates this approach. It has focused on various theories, phases of mutation testing and various other cost reduction techniques. It also furnishes analysis and results of various development trends. Many new automated tools are now available in the market. Now Mutation testing can handle more larger and complex programs.


There is an increasing demand for coronary angiography, corresponding to the recent increase of such ischemic cardiac diseases as myocardial infarction. At present, the obtained angiograms must be read by specialized doctors and require a large amount of time. Still it is usually difficult to arrive at a three-dimensional understanding of the coronary artery. From such a point of view, this paper aims at the automatic analysis of the angiogram and describes a method which can determine the correspondence between vessels in the coronary artery angiograms taken along two directions. In the proposed system the three-dimensional information is used in establishing the correspondence, which is difficult for human observers to utilize. As the first step, a straight line connecting a branch point of a vessel and the X-ray source is considered and the projection of that line onto another image (called an epi-polar line) is determined. Points close to that line are used as candidates for the correspondence. Then, using the vessels with established correspondences, a three-dimensional model is constructed for determination of the correct candidates. Then a prohibited region in the three-dimensional model is specified where there cannot exist a vessel. The vessels with established correspondence are represented in three dimensions and evaluation of the left ventricle is performed. From the results of experiment, the validity and the problems of the proposed system are pointed out.


ABSTRACT Comparing and evaluating the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) is an important element in global stocktake in the post-Paris climate negotiations, aimed at closing the emissions gap with the Paris Agreement goals. To date, however, there has still been no explicit guideline or method. By applying emissions allowance allocated by 16 schemes as benchmarks, this paper tries to compare and evaluate the NDCs of the top six emitters, which jointly account for about 70% of the world's CO2 emissions. Results show that the four developed countries' NDCs lack ambition with respect to most allocations under 2°C and all under 1.5°C, indicating they need to substantially ratchet up their NDCs and lead elevating mitigation. Evaluating cumulative emissions is more likely to clarify the ambition and fairness of China's NDC. If considering cumulative emissions, China's NDC is aligned with the median of cumulative allowances under 2°C and within the 1.5°C range. The Paris Agreement invited the Parties to communicate the mid-century low emissions strategies. This paper also tries to explore the mid-century mitigation in the perspective of allocations, which might provide decision-makers with some useful information when envisaging the post-NDC mitigation.


We investigate whether trends in job satisfaction, which arguably signal trends in worker well-being, can be explained by changes in the quality of jobs. There were falls in job satisfaction in both Britain and Germany. Elsewhere job satisfaction has been either stable or declining very slowly. In many countries, the series of data on job satisfaction is too short to be confident that any secular trend has taken place. We estimate fixed effects models of the determinants of job satisfaction, in order to attempt to account statistically for trends in job satisfaction in Britain and in Germany. We find that: The intensification of work effort and declining task discretion account for the fall in job satisfaction in Britain. The modest rise in participation in organisational decision-making only mitigated the downward pressure on job satisfaction to a small extent. Contrary to what might be expected from popular commentary, changing job insecurity does not explain the fall in job satisfaction in either country. In Germany there was a modest fall in the proportion of people working the number of hours that they wanted to. However, while working too few or too many hours is a significant source of job dissatisfaction, the changes were too small to have made much of an impact on job satisfaction in Germany. In Britain, the increasing proportions of over-educated workers have had a small downward impact on job satisfaction. The decline in job satisfaction between 1984 and 1998 in Germany remains a puzzle.


For precisely recognizing and interpreting the content of Region of Interest(ROI) of SAR image,which contains either single or mixed geographical objects,a new multi-dimensional regression analysis method based on features-mapping is developed.It can not only classify SAR images containing single geographical objects,but also interpret the region of mixed geographical objects as well,which shows its practicability.It firstly extracts texture features based on gray level co-occurrence matrix from SAR image,and then constructs a set of vectors which can describe the length,the direction and the density of the edge of SAR image.These texture features are used for multi-dimensional Support Vector Machine(SVM) regression based on Iterative Re-Weight Least Square(IRWLS) at last.The experiment results demonstrate that this approach is effective for interpretation of ROI with various contents with high accuracy.


For the real time performance need of the Low Speed Speech Compress Algorithm and the ASIC implement of the transfer process between programs,the design is put forward in the paper,in which state registers control the cross access between operator and memory,register windows are used for the parameters transfer,and the technique of hardware controlling is used to avoid pipeline conflict, so that the main problems of the transfer process in TR600 are solved effectively.


Abstract Anoectochilus nandanensis and A. calcareus are medical plants with important economic value. In this study, we assembled their complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequences. The assembled cp genomes are 152,415 bp and 151,864 bp in length, including a large single-copy (LSC) region of 82,412 bp and 82,083 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 17,367 bp and 17,142 bp and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 26,318 bp and 26,320 bp, respectively. All genomes contained 133 genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. The overall GC content of genomes in both species is 36.9%. Further phylogenetic analysis showed that three Anoectochilus comprised of a monophyletic clade and A. nandanensis was more close to A. emeiensis.


The utility model discloses an antenna used for an electronic device and the electronic device with the antenna. The electronic device is provided with a metal housing. The antenna comprises a metal housing, a medium filling layer, and an excitation sheet. The metal housing is a radiating surface of the antenna. The metal housing is provided with a gap group cutting through the metal housing along an up-down direction. The gap group comprises a plurality of gaps. The medium filling layer comprises a body and filling portions. The body is disposed on the lower surface of the metal housing. The filling portions are disposed on the upper surface of the body, and are filled in the plurality of gaps of the gap group. The excitation sheet is disposed on the lower surface of the medium filling layer. According to an embodiment, the antenna used for an electronic device is advantaged by reasonable structure, good practicality, large utilization space, and more covering frequency bands.


A series of maps is presented to illustrate the distribution of erosion in Hong Kong. Erosion has been widespread, but the latest map reveals that its spatial extent may be declining. This may reflect afforestation and the reduced utilization of vegetation as a source of fuel. Based upon accumulated quantities of sediment in submerged and lined sections of some river channels, estimates of annual sedimentation rates are given and are shown to be quite variable. Variability is reduced if consideration is given to basin size. Very high loadings of agricultural waste contribute to sedimentation in some rivers. Drainage Services Department data also confirm the spatial variability of sedimentation. Temporal variability of sediment production is illustrated with data from a small basin.


The LIFE programme is the European Union instrument that, for more than two decades, has been funding environmental and climate action projects. These projects also entail an important work of dissemination and scientific outreach in the territories where they are developed, including those actions especially aimed at children. This document aims to analyze the potential of LIFE projects as a teaching resource in Environmental Education, as well as its current implementation and knowledge in the Primary Education teaching field. The analysis scope was focused on Asturias and the last decade, carrying out case studies of projects, a survey among active teachers and an analysis of the impact on the press, in relation to the actions on school-age population. The results reflect, on the one hand, an important didactic potential, although there is also a shortage of proposals dedicated to formal education, a lack of didactic adequacy and a lack of knowledge of the program by active teachers. This situation requires more reciprocal work with current and future teachers, both to create more and better materials and proposals, and to place the LIFE Programme in the condition of didactic resources source that corresponds to it.


Corneal disease is the fifth leading cause of global blindless. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) for anterior imaging is extensively used due to its non-invasive and high-resolution volumetric imaging characteristics. Optical coherence microscopy (OCM) is a technical variation of OCT that can image the cornea with cellular resolution. Here, we demonstrate a visible-light OCM as a low-cost and easily reproducible system to visualize various corneal cellular structures such as epithelial cells, endothelial cells, keratocytes, and collagen bundles within stromal lamellae. The visible-light OCM was also used to study pressure changes in anterior segment human donor eyes. The system achieved an axial resolution of 12 μm in tissue over a 1.2 mm imaging depth, and a lateral resolution of 1.6 µm over a field of view of up to 750 μm × 750 μm.


Cellulases are essential for the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials in the production of second generation ethanol. Solid-state cultivation is a process that provides high concentrations of enzymes that can be used in this hydrolysis. The objectives of this work were to produce cellulases by cultivating the fungus Myceliophthora thermophila I-1D3b in a packed bed bioreactor with sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and wheat bran (WB) as substrate and to evaluate the efficiency of the enzymatic extract in the hydrolysis of SCB in natura (BIN) and pretreated with ozone, alkali and ultrasound (BOU). The conditions for enzyme production in the bioreactor were SCB:WB at a ratio of 2.3:1 (w/w), 75 % moisture content; 45 oC; aeration rate 240 L h-1 and 96 h. The enzyme production was evaluated by endoglucanase, xylanase, filter paper (FPU) and ?-glycosidase activities. For the application of the enzymes, a central composed response surface design with 5 repetitions of the central point was used, taking enzyme volume and hydrolysis time as factors. Such cultivation yielded the following enzymatic activities: 723 U gss-1 of endoglucanases, 2024 U gss-1 of xylanase, 12.6 U gss-1 of FPU and 41 U gss-1 of ?-glucosidase. The results of the application tests indicated the best conditions as 7.0 ml of the enzyme extract (4.2 FPU) and 6 hours for BIN and BOU. The best cellulose-glucose conversions were obtained for BOU, reaching 32.1 % at 65 oC. In conclusion, the enzyme production in the packed bed bioreactor was efficient and BOU pretreatment improved the hydrolysis of biomass, increasing the efficiency of conversion of cellulose to glucose.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate empirically the relative emphasis accorded by members of a brand community to identification with that community and identification with the brand-owner, and thereby close a gap in the literature to date.Design/methodology/approach – Based on a review of the literature relating to identification, loyalty, and potentially mediating brand-related constructs, a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was carried out at a brandfest organised by a major European motorcycle manufacturer. Data collected from 256 respondents were analysed by structural equation modelling, testing seven hypothesised causal links.Findings – Brand loyalty is primarily influenced by identification with the brand community, through the mediating role of brand affect.Research limitations/implications – The findings require confirmation in other settings and industry sectors before they can be generalised with confidence, but point to several fruitful research directions.Practical implications – Brand strategists have new evidence to guide allocation of effort and resources to the effective cultivation and maintenance of brand loyalty.Originality/value – The study makes an original contribution, in a real-world setting, to the understanding of how members of a brand community relate to the brand, and of how their brand loyalty is activated.


Abstract A significant area of late Neoproterozoic–early Cambrian seafloor hosted a ferruginous to euxinic condition as a result of expanded primary productivity-driven pumping of organic matter into subsurface water column and weak water column mixing in the concomitant sea. However, the cause and extent of increased marine primary productivity during this time interval remain unknown. To estimate the primary productivity in a late Neoproterozoic sea, this study investigated the Sirbu Shale, Vindhyan Supergroup, for trace elements, organic carbon isotopes and total organic carbon (TOC). Among the trace elements, cadmium (Cd), known for extremely low concentration in crustal rocks but higher abundance in biogenic organic matter, was the key parameter in the palaeoproductivity estimation. The Cd enrichment in the Sirbu Shale samples is comparable to that in modern marine sediments of the oxygen minimum zones in Chilean margins, Arabian Sea and Gulf of California characterized by high primary productivity and seasonal upwelling. In terms of Cd enrichment, the lower section of the Sirbu Shale was deposited under suboxic conditions, while the upper section was deposited under a relatively less reducing condition. Cd/Mo ratios > 0.36 in the shale sample indicate that the palaeoproductivity was strongly influenced by the nutrient supply through sea-shelf upwelling. Using non-detrital enrichment of Cd in Sirbu Shale samples, we calculated that the TOC exported to the floor of Sirbu Shale palaeodepositional setting through primary productivity ranged from 0.71 to 10.16%.


We discuss optical cavity and lattice atom interferometers for applications including navigation, tests of Einstein's equivalence principle, and a demonstration of the gravitational Aharonov-Bohm effect. These techniques promise state-of-the-art sensitivity in a compact apparatus.


In the article the typology of discourses of national cultural identity and presentation based on the opposition of variants of realizable communicative strategies and tactics is presented as well as their hierarchies. The research is based on the text material of official sites of the administration of the city, political and social organizations, national cultural autonomies, social networking websites devoted to the problems of identification and presentation of Tomsk national cultural autonomies.


A multidisciplinary study on the mortars from the Corvins' Castle, Hunedoara, Romania has been carried out on two ceramic samples which were analyzed through spectral techniques (FTIR, Raman, X-ray powder diffraction) and diverse microscopy techniques (optical, scanning electron microscopy), for determining the chemical, mineralogical and petrographic characteristics on two ceramic tiles coming from the Corvins' Castle discovered during the archaeological campaign from 2012, at the Administrator's House, inside of the castle yard; the results are presented in order to determine the raw material provenance and the production process. Some information on constructive details, construction history and degradation or damage status, are detailed. Also, the diagnosis results aim to determine the damaging causes, as well as the assessment of the safety or the way of intervention on the structure. The archaeometric study of two tiles, including the identifying of the raw materials provenance is important for collecting information about the exploitation of natural resources and to better understand the manufacturing and weathering/deterioration processes of these artifacts. Modern and performant analytical techniques, as FTIR, SEM-EDS, XRD, colorimetric and gloss measurements, are used and the results are discussed too.


The present invention continuously in the in the culture apparatus for culturing and harvesting a fragment of the seedlings, and more particularly, to the culture in the culture tank of sterile collected a fragment of plantlets growth of seedlings, rooted, purifying the culture tank It relates to a culture apparatus for culturing plantlets growth purified to provide the environment that can be made. The configuration of the present invention, the cultivation tank and the transparent material of the culture by taking the intercept of the seedlings, to configure a border to the rubber magnet is seated in the culture tank top bacteria and to prevent the penetration of the mold, keeping the internal culture tank sterile the culture tank cover of a transparent material to the culture tank cover is the culture tank and completely sealed can be effectively bacteria and working in the culture tank and closed packing made in the culture tank top by rubber magnets, to block the penetration of the fungus and the open door which is provided on one side sets of the culture to be, within the and culturing the culture tank for supplying the culture solution so that the growth of the seedlings facilitate incubated in crude, is formed on one set of the cultures the culture the culture in the culture tank crude and culture medium to be supplied to the inlet, is formed on the other pair of the culture broth culture medium which is the discharge outlet , The first air supply port, and an air outlet which is the side of the culture sets of the other of the first external air supplied from the air supply portion is discharged, the culture tank interior for supplying the culture sets of one side of the air necessary for the growth of seedlings in the outer and a first air sterile filter provided in the first air supply port as the external air supply to avoid contamination, the second air sterility provided in the air outlet port to remove the bacteria and fungi in the air discharged from the air outlet filter, and a second liquid sterile filter a first liquid sterile filter with, the culture medium discharged in the above culture liquid discharge port provided in the culture medium inlet for supplying the culture solution aseptically to filter the discharged sterile provided in the culture medium outlet and, an infrared lamp that supplies sterilized by sterilizing the culture liquid to be supplied twos the culture, to the upper end of the culture solution tank Electrical conductivity (Electrical Conductivity: EC), the pH (Hydrogen Ion Concentration: pH) and by measuring the temperature of the broth culture contamination detection unit consisting of a sensor for detecting whether the contamination of the culture liquid; Sikimyeo circulating the discharged culture solution in the culture solution outlet in the culture tank through the culture medium circulation port, the first motor and the plantlets to be cultured in the culture tank for circulating supply twos the culture the culture liquid in the culture tank through the culture medium inlet supplying the air necessary for the growth on the outside of the first culture medium when the second motor, and a culture solution by the contamination detecting sensor provided in the culture solution tank for supplying twos culture through the air supply port contamination is detected, caused by bacteria and fungi and the contamination warning device for generating a warning sound to inform the contamination, the amount of light for controlling the light amount according to the growth and photosynthesis of plantlets control unit and, the first and second motor, a contamination alarm, control a light quantity control device in an integrated and an integrated control unit which is constituted by the display to check the operating state; Ventilation control apparatus that is configured on the inside of the culture tank to promote the growth of the first to circulate in the culture tank inside the outside air supplied from the air supply unit to supply oil directly to the roots and stems of the plant seedlings; And characterized by comprising an illumination control device for the light controlled by the light amount control device directly supplied to the seedlings located in the upper part of the culture tank cover in accordance with the amount of light required for photosynthesis of the plantlets to promote the growth of the seedlings It shall be. Culture tank, seedlings, the culture tank


A new reconstruction of the heliospheric modulation potential for galactic cosmic rays is presented for the neutron monitor era, since 1951. The new reconstruction is based on an updated methodology in comparison to previous reconstructions: (1) the use of the new‐generation neutron monitor yield function; (2) the use of the new model of the local interstellar spectrum, employing in particular direct data from the distant missions; and (3) the calibration of the neutron monitor responses to direct measurements of the cosmic ray spectrum performed by the Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light‐nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA) spaceborne spectrometer over 47 time intervals during 2006–2010. The reconstruction is based on data from six standard NM64‐type neutron monitors (Apatity, Inuvik, Kergulen, Moscow, Newark, and Oulu) since 1965 and two International Geophysical Year‐type ground‐based detectors (Climax and Mount Washington) for 1951–1964. The new reconstruction, along with the estimated uncertainties is tabulated in the paper. The presented series forms a benchmark record of the cosmic ray variability (in the energy range between 1 and 30 GeV) for the last 60 years and can be used in long‐term studies in the fields of solar, heliospheric, and solar‐terrestrial physics.


Forty-eight genotypes including 31 landraces of Bhopal division, 15 commercial varieties and 2 hybrids were evaluated for quality traits in mango in two subsequent years. Amrapali, Dashehari, Alphonso, Mallika, Chousa, Bombay Green, Sehroli, SBM 01-1, SBM 01-9, SBM 01-10, SBM 01-11, SBM 01-12, SBM 01-35, SBM 01-36 possessed better skin and pulp colour, high total soluble solids, reducing and non-reducing sugars, low acidity and high ascorbic acid contents, thus, appeared promising for table consumption. SBM 01-2, SBM 01-3, SBM 01-4, SBM 01-20 and SBM 01-22 having high total acidity and high total chlorophylls were found suitable for pickle purpose. Reducing sugar and total soluble solids were positive and significantly correlated with fruit weight. Similarly, total soluble solids were positively and significantly associated with reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, total sugars and total sugars to total acidity ratio. Reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar and total sugars were also positively and significantly associated among themselves. Among these characters, total soluble solids, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, total sugars to total acidity ratio exerted directpositive bearing on the fruit weight in mango. Thus, these quality traits can be modified genetically and simultaneously along with fruit weight in mango.


Septarian concretions occur at several horizons within the Oxford Clay Formation, a marine mudstone containing pristine aragonite and immature biomarker molecules. They record the passage of at least four generations of pore fluids, the first of marine origin and the last still present in cavities. Concretion bodies formed, cracked, and calcite and pyrite precipitated in and around the cracks within the sulphate reduction zone, as demonstrated by C, O, S and Sr isotopic composition (Pore fluid 1). Before major compaction, sandstone dykes were intruded locally, and baryte precipitated, followed by coarse calcite cements with isotopically light oxygen and radiogenic strontium, indicating the introduction of meteoric‐derived water (Pore fluid 2). Later, coarse celestine within concretions has distinct sulphur‐isotopic composition and requires a further, geographically restricted, water source (Pore fluid 3). Celestine‐bearing concretions contain water in tight cavities whose isotopic composition is close to that of modern precipitation. Its chemistry shows that it is equilibrating with pre‐existing minerals implying a relatively recent origin (Pore fluid 4). The mineralogy of the Oxford Clay concretions shows that complex results can follow from a simple burial and uplift history, and that multiple generations of pore fluids can pass through a low‐permeability clay.


Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is considered by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) one of the fourteen fundamental areas that represents the body of knowledge of computer science (Calderon, 2009). Due to its multi-disciplinary nature. educators must continue to keep the subject de\-ant to industry and prepare themsel\-es with sufficient principles and methods from each of these contributing disciplines in HCI. This paper describes the status of HCI course. u.hich has been offered in the Malaysian public and pri~tateu niversities. A survey on Malaysian universities' websites was conducted to find out the status of HCI and related course offered by the
universities. The finding reveals that HCI courses were offered at different level and faculty \vitIi disparate name at different universities. The subject is offered particularly in computer science; however. there exists other faculty offering HCI to provide foundation wherc relevant


What Has the Internet Become? How Does the Internet Work? Programming, Scripting, and Applets. HTML, XML, SGML. Dynamic HTML. JavaScript. Visual Basic and VBScript. Java. PERL and CGI. Internet Database Programming. Security and E--Commerce. Multimedia and the Future. Appendices. Index.


Aiming at the precision of the solution of algebraic equations set which has been solved by genetic algorithm, a new hybrid genetic algorithm(HGA) is presented in this paper. This HGA has employed a floating-point gene encoding method and a random searching operator with dynamic variational searching step obtained from the fitness function value. When the solutions of GA get at a certain precision, the operator was employed to search the required solution randomly near the best individual of GA population, which made the required solution precision quickly obtained. Experimental results indicate that higher precision solutions can be obtained by using this new HGA to solve algebraic equations set. A typical engineering application of it was to solve inverse velocity solutions of joint-type robot, by which a satisfactory effect was achieved and the complex process of inverse matrix computation was avoided.


To investigate the influence of nitrite poisoning on the proliferation,differentiation and survival of adult neural stem cells in mouse dentate gyrus.Healthy adult male Kunming mice were divided into control group and experimental poisoning group,the latter was exposured to nitrite by intraperitoneal injection.Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the proliferation of adult neural stem cells and survival of newly generated cells in the dentate gyrus of mice.Multiple fluorescent immunostaining was used to investigate the differentiation and migration direction of new born cells.Our results showed that both the number of BrdU-positive cells and the survival rate of new born cells in experimentally poisoning mice were remarkably decreased compared with the control group(P0.01),indicating that the differentiation and survival of adult neural stem cells were significantly influenced by the nitrite poisoning.The BrdU/NeuN double labeled cells in experimentally poisoning group were significantly lower than that in control group(P0.01).But the migration direction of new born cells was not influenced by nitrite(P0.05).These results suggest that nitrite poisoning suppressed the proliferation of adult neural stem cells and reduced the survival rate of newly generated cells in the SGZ of the dentate gyrus in mice。


In this article, we consider the $c$-dispersion problem in a metric space $(X,d)$. Let $P=\{p_{1}, p_{2}, \ldots, p_{n}\}$ be a set of $n$ points in a metric space $(X,d)$. For each point $p \in P$ and $S \subseteq P$, we define $cost_{c}(p,S)$ as the sum of distances from $p$ to the nearest $c $ points in $S \setminus \{p\}$, where $c\geq 1$ is a fixed integer. We define $cost_{c}(S)=\min_{p \in S}\{cost_{c}(p,S)\}$ for $S \subseteq P$. In the $c$-dispersion problem, a set $P$ of $n$ points in a metric space $(X,d)$ and a positive integer $k \in [c+1,n]$ are given. The objective is to find a subset $S\subseteq P$ of size $k$ such that $cost_{c}(S)$ is maximized. We propose a simple polynomial time greedy algorithm that produces a $2c$-factor approximation result for the $c$-dispersion problem in a metric space. The best known result for the $c$-dispersion problem in the Euclidean metric space $(X,d)$ is $2c^2$, where $P \subseteq \mathbb{R}^2$ and the distance function is Euclidean distance [ Amano, K. and Nakano, S. I., Away from Rivals, CCCG, pp.68-71, 2018 ]. We also prove that the $c$-dispersion problem in a metric space is $W[1]$-hard.


A large proportion of the academic literature about the agency problem focuses on corporate governance or the instruments that can be used to balance the incentives of shareholders and debt holders. Following the real options company valuation framework, one method to increase shareholder value involves increasing the intrinsic risk of the firm; however, such a practice reduces the bondholder value. We analyzed an innovative balance sheet instrument, the mandatory convertible bond, as a means to increase financial sustainability of companies, improving the value for shareholders without increasing the perceived default risk. The results of the empirical analysis illustrate that for companies in a weak credit position, the agency problem can be mitigated by the issuance of mandatory convertible bonds, which allows managers to increase company risk without being detrimental for bondholders. However, when the probability of distress is small, shareholders have less incentive to increase company risk than in a company funded by mandatory convertible bonds, being more aligned with bondholders. A better alignment of debt holders and shareholders incentives reduces inefficiencies, mitigates the probably of distress, and improves the long-term financial sustainability of companies and can promote stable growth and innovation.


Report issued by the U.S. Bureau of Mines discussing specific energy uses during the years of 1939, 1947, and 1965. As stated in the subject, "this is a summary of preliminary results of an exploratory study if energy uses and supplies in the United States" (p. 2). This report includes tables, and illustrations.


We give a partial result toward the 11/8-conjecture concerning the second Betti number and the signature of a closed spin 4-manifold. When the cup product structure on the first cohomology satisfies some additional condition, a somewhat stronger inequality is obtained.


1. To predict how plant populations may respond to changes in the environment or management, it is necessary to quantify the factors influencing their population dynamics and distributions over large spatial and/or temporal scales.


Chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension are widely prevalent in the world and are responsible for a significant number of deaths each year. In addition, treatments for such chronic diseases account for an extremely high healthcare cost. Research has shown that these diseases can be proactively managed and prevented while lowering the healthcare cost. Using SAS® Analytics, we have mined a data sample of ten million consumers with over 1000 demographic and lifestyle attributes who have self-reported their chronic disease condition. We developed a model from a subset of demographic and lifestyle factors to demonstrate the accuracy of prediction of chronic diseases. The objective of this study is to understand if the currently accessible large volume of consumer data is useful in identifying top social factors which are associated with such diseases. When used with patient clinical data that can be beneficial in devising preventive treatment plans and thereby reducing healthcare costs. Note: This is purely a data driven study with no input from experts in the healthcare field. We believe our study will generate interest in the healthcare community. INTRODUCTION According to the National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2017 1, an estimated 30.3 million people–or 9.4% of the U.S. population–had diabetes in 2015. A further breakdown of that number reveals that the percentage of adults with diabetes increased with age, reaching a high of 25.2% among those aged 65 years or older. This drastic increase in the incidence of diabetes (Figure-1) could be attributed to changes in lifestyle during the last century for certain demographics, a condition termed as a "metabolic syndrome". Figure 1. The rise of diabetes prevalence in the U.S.


3D computer graphics has been under-used by fine artists. This paper explores some of the possible reasons for this and also some of the possible attractions of 3D. The rigid depiction of three-space, as performed so accurately by the camera, had been a goal of painters since the Renaissance, but in the twentieth century a host of factors led to its subversion. Only in the sixties and in the US did a photorealist painting become popular. The author suggests that linear perspective has been seen as a tyranny, but the time has come to re-evaluate and liberate it through 3D computer graphics as a medium for fine art. The author's own work using ray-tracing software is described.


I am honored to be writing the "old timer's" perspective on beginning a career in academe. I find the academic life to be very fulfilling. I love learning and being a part of a community of learners. I delight in working with students, and I am awed to find myself in a position to touch their lives. I believe that, as an educator, I am part of a noble mission and that society benefits from my work. The academic life is not a life of leisure; if done right, it requires lots of hard work, but the rewards are tremendous (nonmonetary rewards, that is). My theme is simple: moving up the ranks as a professor requires self-management–more specifically, being "flexibly focused" and balancing personal and community goals–but deriving fulfillment from the work requires passion. Before developing these ideas, I want to explain who I am and why I wanted to write this essay. As I write this, I am in my seventeenth year of teaching. Before my academic career, I worked eight years in community health planning and health insurance. My discipline is social and administrative pharmacy. I have taught at two disparate institutions: the University of Arizona and Drake University. Scholarship and graduate education were


With the increasing use of wearable devices equipped with various sensors, human activities, biometric information, and surrounding situations can be obtained via sensor data regardless of time and place. When position-free wearable devices are attached to an arbitrary part of the body, the attached position should be identified because the application process changes relative to the position. For systems that use multiple wearable devices to capture body-wide movement, estimating the attached position of the devices is meaningful. Most conventional studies estimate the loading position of the sensor using accelerometer and gyroscope data; therefore, users must perform specific motions so that each sensor produces values unique to the given position. We propose a method that estimates the load position of wearable devices without forcing the wearer to perform specific actions. The proposed method estimates the time difference between a heartbeat obtained by an electrocardiogram and a pulse wave obtained using a pulse sensor and classifies the sensor position from the estimated time difference. We assume that pulse sensor is embedded in the wearable devices to be attached to the user. From the results of an evaluation experiment with five subjects, an average F-measure of 0.805 was achieved over 15 body parts. The left ear and the right finger achieved an F-measure of 0.9+ when the proposed system uses data of approximately 20 seconds as an input.


A central task of linguistic description is to identify the semantic and syntactic profiles of the words of a language: what arguments (if any) does a word (most often, a verb) take, what syntactic roles do they fill, and what kinds of arguments are they from a semantic point of view: what, in other terminologies, are their selectional restrictions or semantic preferences. Lexicographers have long done this 'by hand'; since the advent of corpus methods in computational linguistics it has been an ambition of computational linguists to do it automatically, in a corpus-driven way, see for example (Briscoe et al 1991; Resnik 1993; McCarthy and Carroll 2003; Erk 2007). In this work we start from word sketches (Kilgarriff et al 2004), which are corpus-based accounts of a word's grammatical and collocational behaviour. We combine the techniques we use to create these word sketches with a 315-million-word subset of the UKWaC corpus which has been automatically processed by SuperSense Tagger (SST) (Ciaramita and Altun 2006) to annotate all content words with not only their part-of-speech and lemma, but also their WordNet (Fellbaum 1998) lexicographer class. WordNet lexicographer classes are a set of 41 broad semantic classes that are used for organizing the lexicographers work. These semantic categories group together the WordNet senses (synsets) and have therefore been dubbed `supersenses' (Ciaramita and Johnson, 2003). There are 26 such supersenses for nouns and 15 for verbs.


The IoT (Internet of Things) is a network which connects things to the Internet for the intend of interchanging information through the information sensing devices with acceptable protocols. On the other hand, Cloud computing has virtually unlimited capabilities in terms of storage and processing power, is a much more mature technology, and has most of the IoT issues at least partially solved. Sensing Devices utilize in households and smart city is now interconnected with the Internet. These interconnections provide a full series of data that can be serene, aggregate, and then collective in sheltered and privacy-aware style. Some essential fields such as Wireless Sensor Network and Intelligent Transport System (ITS), base nodes collect information and transmit it to the destination nodes. Destination sends commands by the relay devices to the base nodes. Therefore, the integration of cloud and Internet of Things to providing the best service to users and have the highest level of customer satisfaction should always provide quality of service can be guaranteed. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the integrity requirements of cloud services and Internet of Things so that quality of service in these services must be guaranteed. Thus maintaining the security of both base nodes and destination nodes in this kind of communication is a pressing problem. Instead of proposing yet another security scheme, this can be made easy if devices are identified before communication with secure routing.


We study the properties of bright polariton solitons existing above the excitonic resonance in semiconductor microcavities operating in the strong-coupling regime. Saturation of the exciton-photon coupling due to electron-hole pair screening plays the crucial role in their formation and essentially determines the properties of these localized structures. Taking into account the finite mass of coherent excitons leads to modulational instabilities due to the generation of free excitons with large momenta. This instability can develop across the soliton profile resulting in either an imprinted stationary nanoscale periodic pattern or explosive soliton oscillations.


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PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing a barrier layer pattern of a semiconductor memory device and a structure thereof are provided to easily form a micro pattern by forming an upper area which is larger than a lower area. CONSTITUTION: A material layer (102) is deposited on the upper part of a semiconductor substrate. The material layer is etched to form a micro pattern. A barrier layer (104) is deposited on the upper part of the material layer. A photoresist pattern (108) is formed on the upper part of the barrier layer. An etching process is performed on the semiconductor substrate.


Chapter 1 lays out the dominant views of self, agency, and moral responsibility in early Chinese philosophy. The reason for this is that these views inform the ways early Chinese thinkers approach mental illness, as well as the role they see it playing in self-cultivation as a whole (whether they view it as problematic or beneficial, for example). This chapter offers a view of a number of dominant conceptions of mind, body, and agency in early Chinese thought, through a number of philosophical and medical texts. It covers the Confucian view of personhood as role-based and communal, and the Zhuangist deconstructive view of the self. Finally, the chapter includes an argument that early Chinese thinkers recognized a distinction between mind and body, and that mind was dealt with as a separate category, thus making the topic of "mental illness" possible.


Plain X-ray film is the basis of radiological exploration of larynx and trachea in infancy and childhood. AP and side views during inspiration, expiration and phonation enable diagnosis of all acute pathological states. The technique used is detailed and selected examples are given of normal larynx X-ray, laryngitis, foreign body aspiration and epiglottitis.


The correct use of constraints within relational DBMSs is essential for one to take full advantage of the significant benefits offered by the relational model. The use of formal descriptions to capture constraints early in the process may be appropriate in this regard. The theory of relational databases has much in common with the mathematical structures central to the Z notation. In this position paper, we describe how create suitable tables and sql code for Z specifications that have been made according to UML diagrams by Robert's methods. Here We use the Z notation as our specification language, and SQL as our implementation language.


After analyzing flow behavior of broad extruded sheet,it was come to the conclusion that side flowing out area of porthole is two times of center one The strength of extruded sheet is 15% higher than rolled sheet due to the extruding character and extruding effect


Collaborative data science activities are becoming pervasive in a variety of communities, and are often conducted in teams, with people of different expertise performing back-and-forth modeling and analysis on time-evolving datasets. Current data science systems mainly focus on specific steps in the process such as training machine learning models, scaling to large data volumes, or serving the data or the models, while the issues of end-to-end data science lifecycle management are largely ignored. Such issues include, for example, tracking provenance and derivation history of models, identifying data processing pipelines and keeping track of their evolution, analyzing unexpected behaviors and monitoring the project health, and providing the ability to reason about specific analysis results. In this article, we present an overview of a unified provenance and metadata management system, called PROVDB, that we have been building to support lifecycle management of complex collaborative data science workflows. PROVDB captures a large amount of fine-grained information about the analysis processes and versioned data artifacts in a semi-passive manner using a flexible and extensible ingestion mechanism; provides novel querying and analysis capabilities for simplifying bookkeeping and debugging tasks for data analysts; and enables a rich new set of capabilities like identifying flaws in the data science process.


Language is the symbol system of reproduction which is about the objective things,phenomenon,human thoughts and feelings,etc,but the variety of animal,plant,microbial,mineral properties,natural phenomena,and through sensory organs on the visual,auditory,olfactory and the complex feeling of things,and the complexity of the mood,emotion and so on,these factors are the mankind to nature,society,economy phenomenon perception,cognitive pattern and the main content,their language description form and their own exist corresponding relationship.Combining with the relative theory of physics,scientific notation system,analyze the quantity or degree of modern Chinese language description form,such as material properties,the material properties of human perception,human emotions.In this way,the conclusion is that modern Chinese language is not only obscure,but also discontinuity,relativity.Finally,as far as application examples concerned,analyze the fuzziness,discontinuity and relativity of modern Chinese language.


We introduce the problem of mining frequent sequences in a window sliding over a stream of itemsets. To address this problem, we present a complete and correct incremental algorithm based on a representation of frequent sequences inspired by the PSP algorithm and a method for counting the minimal occurrences of a sequence. The experiments were conducted on simulated data and on real instantaneous power consumption data. The results show that our incremental algorithm significantly improves the computation time compared to a non-incremental approach.


The invention relates to an ertapenem derivative which contains heter-thioureido sulfhydryl pyrrolidine, the ester which is easy to be hydrolyzed, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isomer thereof, hydrate thereof and hydrate of ester or salt thereof shown in the formula (I) and a preparing method of the compound shown in the formula (I). The compounds are used as active materials, especially used for preparing the medicine for treating or preventing infectious diseases and to be used as a drug combination containing the compound shown in the formula (I). In the formula (I), the definitions of R , R , R , R , R , R , R , and n are described in the specification.


THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN Goethe and Salomon Maimon has only been touched on once in the literature,1 and further clarification of the link between them remains a desideratum. Below I propose that the way to grasp their seeing eye to eye is through Spinoza, and specifically Spinoza's notion of scientia intuitiva. Initially I provide some context in order to illustrate what makes Maimon's role here rather unique. Then I sketch the relationship Maimon and Goethe had both to Spinoza and each other while emphasizing what is at stake. I conclude with various new findings.


In modern times,the introduction of the western culture has made a great impact on Chinese traditional culture. Changes in Chinese traditional culture, from the level of substance to that of system then to the level of psychology, have taken place. At the same time China has made reforms in education. Reviewing the successes and failures in the past China meets with great challenges of cultural conflicts today. It is necessary for Chinese education to make more rational reforms.


Abstract : The ultimate goal of this program was to use spatial solitons as reconfigurable interconnects for guiding signals between multiple input and output ports. The central idea is to use the solitons as a waveguide for guiding signals. Deflecting the soliton electro-optically allows the soliton (and hence the signal) to be steered in space. The research goals were to: (1) Steer solitons electro-optically in AlGaAs slab waveguides; (2) Grow PTS crystals in bulk and waveguide from and guide solitons in them; (3) Understand some of the basic properties of spatial solitons in quadratic media. And assess their suitability for inteconnects. (4) Implement rudimentary interconnects and assess performance.