SUMMARY Under the common principal component model the covariance matrices Ti of k populations are assumed to have identical eigenvectors, that is, the same orthogonal matrix diagonalizes all Ti simultaneously. This paper modifies the common principal component model by assuming that only q out of p eigenvectors are common to all Ti,, while the remaining p - q eigenvectors are specific in each group. This is called a partial common principal component model. A related modification assumes that q eigenvectors of each matrix span the same subspace, a problem that was first considered by Krzanowski (1979). For both modifications this paper derives the normal theory maximum likelihood estimators. It is shown that approximate maximum likelihood estimates can easily be computed if estimates of the ordinary common principal component model are available. The methods are illustrated by numerical examples.


The article provides chemists with information on contemporary offerings of interest from the Internet, with emphasis on items that are free of charge to the academic user.


The viewpoint about how to beat to build the ecosystem landscape road in Hui Zhou City and how to molded to have the local features landscape road of Hui Zohu City,which are on foundation towards the analysis about the present garden green of the road in Hui Zhou City,is bring up by the writer.


In this paper, we introduce a new retransmission and combining scheme named estimation-based retransmission mode selection (E-RMS) that reinforces the error recovery capability of HARQ for MIMO systems in fast fading channels and present a framework for MIMO system equipped with HARQ capability. The E-RMS scheme is designed to select the more desirable retransmission mode between spatial multiplexing (SM) and space time code (STC) based on estimating the error recovery capability of the two retransmission modes. If the SM mode is selected, the E-RMS transmits all the erroneous streams using the SM mode and otherwise it transmits a part of the erroneous streams using the STC mode. For the E-RMS, we present a decision criterion that selects the more desirable retransmission mode using the channel realization of the previous transmission. Numerical results reveal that the proposed E-RMS achieves significant performance gain over the fixed SM or STC retransmission schemes, performing comparable to the optimal mode selection scheme.


Summary
The concentration of oxygen at three depths (15, 30 and 60 cm) has been measured in a direct-drilled or ploughed clay soil of low hydraulic conductivity (Evesnam series) which was cropped with winter wheat in three consecutive growing seasons (1972/73 to 1974/75). The mean oxygen concentrations between January and March varied with the seasonal rainfall; in the relatively dry winter of 1972/73they were 20 per cent (v/v) at 15 cm and 12 per cent (v/v) at 60 cm, but in the wetter winters of 1973/74 and 1974/75 they were less than 11 and 6 per cent (v/v) at 15 and 60 cms respectively. Direct drilling resulted in higher oxygen concentrations at 15 cm than ploughing in both wetter winters, the mean concentration being 10.2 and 7.2 per cent (v/v) in direct-drilled and ploughed plots respectively. Frequency distributions of values obtained at individual sampling points showed that when the mean oxygen concentration of the soil at 15 cm decreased to its annual minimum (in January-March), a significantly higher proportion of the sampling points under direct drilling continued to show concentrations of oxygen greater than 10 per cent (v/v).

The results are interpreted as indicating that the higher oxygen concentrations found in this soil after direct drilling are due to the development of a system of continuous large pores and channels which would otherwise be destroyed by annual ploughing.


Typical childhood absence seizures consist of brief impairments of consciousness with characteristic bilaterally synchronous 3 Hz generalized spike-wave discharges(GSWD) on electroencephalography(EEG).Simultanoeus EEG-FMRI allows us observing the epileptic activation from haemodynamic and electrophysiological aspects.In present study,three patients with typical childhood absence seizures were studied using EEG-FMRI with 3 Hz epileptic wave power spectrum analysis.Significant activation was found in the bilateral thalamus,while the significant deactivation was found to be widely distributed within the bilateral parietal lobe,posterior cingulate cortex,angular gyrus,and middle temporal lobe etc.The findings suggest that the thalamus may be the origin of epileptic activation,and the widely cortical functional inhibition may underlie the neuron-pathophysiological manchnism of impairments of consciousness in typical childhood absence seizures.


In the past few years, a new aspect of green technology use has emerged and become a focal point of attention in order to realize development goals respecting in the same time
ecological standards and norms. This "green" potential of ICT is oriented to use of ICT in transforming activities to be more energy-efficient and, as a result, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. There is much hope that green technology can be a major part of the solution in tackling climate change and related environmental challenges. Green
technology is an innovative way of using the technology either its is machine or device related to the environment protection and sustaining a future. This paper analyzes the
need as well as practices of green technology system at educational institution. This paper presents the benefits to educational institutes for going green information and
communication technology and also barriers in the implementation based on data collected from survey of various website of educational institutions and overall
discussion and analysis. The study identified that the green technology actually give the impact or environment or not. So, the green technology will give good impact on
environment including of my variable which is pollution, greenhouse, global warming, carbon footprint and energy and resources consumption in Malacca.


Objective To study the effect on apoptosis of NB4,NB4-R1 cells by CDA-ⅡMethods Apoptosis of NB4,NB4-R1 cells were observed by means of counting the cells,DNA Ladder,flow cytometry,AnnexinV-PI and the expression changes of corresponding apoptosis gene(surviving gene) by RT-PCR.Results Cell growth-inhibition experiments indicated that the experimental groups of NB4,NB4-R1 cell growth and proliferation are subject to different degrees of inhibition.AnnexinV-PI experiment indicates that the number of living cells reduced gradually with the extension of the role of time.Cell apoptosis was evident by dosing after 24h.Then apoptotic cells entered the death phase; DNA Ladder experiments indicated that DNA breakage fragments increased gradually after dosing for 96h.The expression of survivin gene diminuendoe at the mRNA level.Conclusion CDA-Ⅱcan reduce the expression of survivin gene to achieve the purpose of promoting NB4、NB4-R1 apoptosis.


Abstract This paper attempted to perform an analysis of the technical report for assessment of technical and technological products born from working group by Capes, in 2019. We aimed evaluate its instrumental adequacy. Our analysis applaied the literature about characteristics that must necessarily be present in technical or technological reports to support our conclusions. As a result, we found evidence that the Capes' technical report about assessment technical and technological products doesn't suit the necessary characteristics to be established as applicable assessment instrument over other technical reports.


Using a simple macroeconomic two-country model, we analyze the possible structural reasons for which the European Central Bank might have a monetary policy different from the one pursued presently by the Bundesbank (implying a weaker or a stroger parity for the european currencies vis-a-vis the rest of the world).


The BANG™ polymer gel dosimeter was used to evaluate 3D absorbed dose distributions in tissue delivered with Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery systems. We compared dose distributions calculated with Leksell GammaPlan (LGP) treatment‐planning software with dose distributions measured with the polymer gel dosimeter for single‐shot irradiations. Head‐sized spherical glass vessels filled with the polymer gel were irradiated with Gamma Knife. The phantoms were scanned with a 1.0T MRI scanner. The Hahn spin‐echo sequence with two echoes was used for the MRI scans. Calibration relations between the spin‐spin relaxation rate and the absorbed dose were obtained by using small cylindrical vials, which were filled with the polymer gel from the same batch as for the spherical phantom. We made voxel‐by‐voxel comparisons of measured and calculated dose distributions for 31×31×31 dose matrix elements. With the 3D dose data we calculated the tumor control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) for a simple model. For the maximum dose of 100 Gy, the mean and one standard deviation of differences between the measured and the calculated doses were the following: –0.38±4.63 Gy,1.49±2.77 Gy, and –1.03±4.18 Gy for 8‐mm, 14‐mm, and 18‐mm collimators, respectively. Tumor control probability values for measurements were smaller than the calculations by 0% to 7%, whereas NTCP values were larger by 7% to 24% for four of six experiments. PACS numbers: 87.53.‐j, 87.53.Dq, 87.53.Ly


Peter L. Berger is one of the few sociologists of religion in our time who has not only made contributions at the highest level of scientific discourse, but who, during the past decades, has also codetermined its profile to a high degree. His religious-sociological oeuvre of the 1960s and 1970s set the tone for the then-predominant approach ̶ the secularization theory. To this day, some exponents of the secularization theory, such as Steve Bruce or Frank Lechner, are influenced by him. All work done since then in the field of sociology of religion has been strongly affected by his thesis that religious concepts and practices gain their stability from the surrounding plausibility structure shared by the majority, and that their acceptance is eroded by the growing pluralism of religious options. It is no exaggeration to suggest that the economic market paradigm, even though it explicitly distinguishes itself from secularization theory, nonetheless also deals with this thesis.1 In the judgement of Rodney Stark and his collegues, the vitality of religion is not weakened but enhanced by the competition of various religious providers. They reverse Berger's argument: Where a single religious group holds a monopolistic position, it loses attractiveness; where many religious groups compete for the favor of religious consumers, the general level of religiousness is on the rise (Stark/Finke 2000). Yet, it was not this argument that caused Peter L. Berger to abandon his position on secularization theory during the 1990's. Even after having recanted it, he still holds to his theory of undermining – the claim that growing plurality in the religious field undermines the social validity of religious convictions and withdraws their plausibility, which is taken for granted as long as these convictions are shared by the majority. As early as 2001, in a work edited by Linda Woodhead which discusses Berger's oeuvre both with criticism and with appreciation, he says: "I would say, I was wrong about secularization, but right about pluralism... What pluralism does...is to undermine all taken-for-granted certainties, in religion as in all other spheres of life" (Berger 2001: 194). In reality, it was not the competing hypothesis of market theoreticians that made him abandon the theory of secularization. Rather, it was the understanding of the unbroken


Objective To study the association of transcription factor 7-like 2(TCF7L2)polymorphisms with tvpe 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese Han population. Methods Two polymorphisms (rs7903146 and rs12255372)of TCF7L2 gene were genotyped in 446 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM group)and 303 normal subiects (NC group) by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP).Waist circumference.body mass index,plasma glucose,serum insulin,lipid profiles,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and non-esterified fatty acid were measured.Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)and β-cell function(HOMA-β)were calculated.Results (1) In T2DM group,T allele frequency and CT,TY geno tvpe frequeneies of rs7903146 were significantly higher than those in NC group(0.093,0.150,0.018 vs 0.043, 0.079,0.003,respectively,a11 P<O.O 1).Logistic regression analysis showed that the CT/TT genotype was a risk factor of tvpe 2 diabetes(OR=2.25,95%CI 1.39-3.62,P=0.001)and was associated with the decrease of insulin secretion. (2) No significant association was observed in vs12255372 alleles and genotypes with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Conclusion These results indicate that TCF7L2 might be one of the candidate genes for confe ring susceptibi lity to type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Chinese Han population.

Key words:
Polymorphism,single nucleotide; TCF7L2 gene; Diabetes mellitus,type 2; Association study


In this paper, we show that the maximal path connectedness property induces a new equivalence relation on a complete measure manifold, generating a network structure on M namely a complete network measure manifold.


As the number of Android malware applications continues to grow at a high rate, detecting malware to protect the system security and user privacy is becoming increasingly urgent. Each malware application belongs to a specific family, and there is a gap in the number of malware families. .e accuracy of detection can be improved if malware family information is well utilized and certain strategies are adopted to balance the variability among samples. In addition, the performance of a base classifier is limited. If an ensemble classifier or an ensemble method can be adopted, the detection effect can be further improved. .erefore, this paper proposes a novel malware family-based bagging algorithm for Android malware detection, called FB2Droid, to perform malware detection. First, five features are extracted from the Android application package. .en, the relief feature selection algorithm is used for feature selection. Next, we designed two different sampling strategies based on different families of malware to alleviate the sample imbalance in the dataset. Combined with the two sampling strategies, the traditional bagging algorithm is improved to integrate the classifier. In the experiment, several classifiers were used to evaluate the proposed scheme. .e experimental results show that the proposed sampling strategy and the improved bagging algorithm can effectively improve the detection accuracy of these classifiers.


Due to the large number of buildings, energy consumption in the university campuses of Turkey may tend to increase over time. In this context, their potential energy savings need to be explored. Th...


The paper describes an image processing system which uses both shared memory and message passing. Shared memory is used in conjunction with a high speed parallel bus to transfer image data; message passing is used for general inter-processor communication. A prototype system based upon the Texas Instruments TMS320C40 digital signal processor is currently in the final stages of construction. A Petri Net model of the communication aspects of the TMS320C40 processor has been developed. Features of the Petri Net software are discussed and the raw communication performance of the TMS320C40 shown. The modeling of a four and sixteen processor system applied to 2D FFT transforms is described.


In this paper, it is proposed to develop the fault diagnosis system using the principal component analysis (PCA) for the intelligent operation support system that calculates the effect of fault propagation in abnormalities situation and gives appropriate information to plant operators. This proposed system using PCA discriminates a failure of equipment based on process variables. The proposed method deals with process variables in steady condition and only one type warning alarm condition that is occurred by several different failures. A set of process variables on each failure is shown as the points on 2dimensional data space by PCA. This system judges as a failure of the equipment when a set of current process variables is closed to the point of a failure of equipment on the data space. The proposed fault diagnosis system is applied to process on a simulator and is confirm its validity. Chemical plants had become very complex for a lot of instrumentation and control systems. It is difficult for operators to predict the effect of fault and to decide corrective actions. In addition, quick response from operator is demanded as any delay response for abnormalities may expand the damage of chemical plant.� Many sensors are required to monitor the chemical process for safety. It is difficult to detect the fault in the process from too many sensors. Therefore many sensors' data are reduced to less parameter by a multivariate analysis (Kano et al. 2001, 2004, Wise and Gallagher 1996). These methods detect the fault in the process, but not diagnosis the failure of equipment. Our research is developing "Intelligent Operation Support System". This system calculates the effect of fault propagation in abnormal situations and gives appropriate information to operators. It will help operators to make quick judgments for safety. This system predicts process variables in the abnormalities situation's plant using a simulator. The states of all equipment are inputted to a simulator in order to calculate process variables correctly. In this paper, it is proposed to develop the fault diagnosis system using the principal component analysis. This proposed system discriminates a failure of equipment in its early stage. This system is important for the intelligent operation support system. The principal component analysis discriminates a failure of equipment based on process variables from the actual plant. A data set is process variables in steady conditions and in abnormalities condition. These data sets are obtained from a simulator when the warning alarm is turned on after the selected equipment is artificially changed to a failure mode. The proposed method deals with process variables in steady condition and only one type warning alarm condition at a time. One type warning alarm is occurred by several different failures, so process variables in one failure are similar to another failure in one type warning alarm. So it is difficult to distinguish one failure among failures in one type warning alarm when the principal component analysis deals with failures in all warning alarm at a time. And the proposed method deal with selected process variables based on value changes after a failure is occurred. A set of process variables on each failure is shown as the points on 2dimensional data space by the principal component analysis. This system judges as a failure of the


ObjectTo investigate the distribution of glutathione-S-transferase M_1(Gst M_1) gene polymorphism in Hunan Tujia and Miao nationalities. Methods The genotypes of Gst M_1 in 152 Tujia and 106 Miao people were detected by duplicate PCR technique. Results The frequency of Gst M_1 null genetype in Tujia nationality was 43.4%(66/152),whereas that in Miao nationality was 39.6% (42/106). No significant difference between the frequency of these two groups was observed (P0.05).There were also no statistical differences between that of males and females within the same nationality as well as between that of the same sex belonged to different nationalities(P0.05). Conclusion The Gst M_1 gene polymorphism in Hunan Tujia and Miao nationalities is similar to that in Chinese Hans and Japanese, but significantly different from that in American whites and blacks.


This study demonstrated an approach to modeling individual vehicle second-by-second fuel consumption and emissions on the basis of vehicle operations. The approach used the Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES)–Matrix, a high-performance vehicle emissions modeling system consisting of a multidimensional array of vehicle emissions rates (pulled directly from EPA's MOVES emissions model) that could be quickly queried by other models to generate an applicable emissions rate for any specified on-road fleet and operating conditions. For this project, the research team developed a spreadsheet-based MOVES-Matrix calculator to simplify connecting vehicle activity data with multidimensional emissions rates from MOVES-Matrix. This paper provides a walk-through of the calculation procedures, from basic vehicle information and driving cycles to second-by-second emissions rates. The individual vehicle emissions modeling framework was incorporated into Commute Warrior, a trademarked travel survey application for Android smartphones, to provide real-time fuel consumption and emissions rate estimates from concurrently obtained GPS-based speed data.


Infrastructure services play a critical role in development, with direct and indirect linkages to living standards, and economic growth. Until de 1990s, most developing countries relied on public sector monopolies to finance, and operate their infrastructure, with disappointing results, with technical inefficiencies estimates causing significant losses. Under public provision, services are often mispriced to meet short-term political goals, leading to additional losses. However, countries around the world have been turning to the private sector, both to finance, and operate new infrastructure assets, expected to offer a number of benefits, namely access to finance for service expansion, to improve incentives for efficiency, and to reduce the burden on public resources. This paper reviews the evidence on the extent to which these objectives have been achieved. As a background to the discussion, Part A provides a brief review of the trends in private participation in developing countries' infrastructure; Part B reviews the evidence from the privatization of, and concessions to existing infrastructure enterprises; Part C looks at some of the evidence from private financing of new assets; and, Part D draws on that evidence to highlight key lessons.


REFERENCES BROWN, G. W. (1969), "Social Factors Influencing Length of Hospital Stay of Schizophrenic Patients", Brit. mea. J., 2: 1300. EARLY, D. F., and MAGNUS, R. V. (1966), "Population Trends In a Mental Hospital: A Four-year Follow-up Review of a Hospital Population", Brit. J. PSlloMat., 112: 696. KRUPINSKI, J., and STOLLER, A. (1962a), "Survey of Institutionalized Mental Patients in Victoria, Australia, 1882-1969: I. Admissions to and Residents in Mental Hospitals", MEIl. J. AUST., 1: 269. KRUPINSKI, J., and STOLLER, A. (1962b), "Survey of Institutionalized Mental Patients in Victoria, Australia, 1882-1969: III. Duration of Stay and Outcome", Mm. J. AUST., 1: 369. KRrPINsKI, J., and SroLLJ!lR, A. (19620), "A Statistical System Introduced for the Evaluation of the Epidemiology of Psychiatric Disorders in Victoria, Australia", Hleh Bull. (Melbo1trne) , 127-128: 3. LAST, J. M., (1966), "Evaluation of Medical Care", MED. J. Au ST., 2: 781. LAST, J. M. (1967), "Quality of General Practice", MEV. J. AUST., I: 780. LAST, J. M. (1968), "Substitute for Hospital Care", Wid mea. J., 16: 60. LIN, T., and STANDLEY! C. C. (1962), "Evaluation of Medical Care", Public Hea th Papers No. 16, WHO, Geneva. LINDSAY, J. S. B. (1962), "Day Hospital Admissions", MEV. J. AUST., 2: 909. PARNELL, R. W., and SKOTTOWB, I. (1969), "Length of Stay in Mental Hospitals and some Factors Influencing It", Brit. mea. J., 2: 129. SHELDON, A., and JONES, K. J. (1967)1 "Maintenance in the Community: A Study of PSYchIatrio After-care and Hospitalization", Brit. J. PSllcMat., 113: 1009. SHElPHERD, M., and COOPER, B. (1964), "Epidemiology and Mental Disorder: A Review", J. Neurol. Neuro81lrg. P8ychiat., 27: 277. TOOTH, G. C., and BROOKE, E. M. (1961), "Trends In the Mental Hospital Population and their Effect on Future Planning", Lancet, 1: 710. 'VEISS, P., MAOAULEY, J., and PINCUS, A. (1966), "Geographic Factors and the Release of Patients from State Mental Hospitals", Amer. J. P8ych'at., 123: 408.


In closed but competitive political regimes, political leaders face a strategic choice between centralizing and inclusive strategies of elite coalition formation. While studies of political networks in these regimes focus on patron-client systems -- a classic centralization strategy -- I argue that political leaders are likely to pursue mixed strategies that blend patronage with more deferential strategies, including elite brokerage. This paper analyzes the role of patron-client ties and brokerage positions in Mexican cabinet appointments over a period of sixty years (1940-2000), demonstrating that elite brokers were more likely to be included in elite coalitions. Although network theorists have argued that brokers are most important in "factionalized" elites, the results show that brokers were valued elite coalition partners during the period of consolidated one-party rule, but not during the earlier, more contested period of regime formation. The analysis also suggests that patronage became less hierarchical as the regime consolidated, shifting towards a sponsorship system of competing patrons rather than a classic patronage pyramid.


Purpose
One major challenge for urban planners and policymakers is how to strengthen and establish connections between humans and the environment. Evidence suggests that the physical characteristics of the environment enhance both place identity and user satisfaction. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of place identity in the relationship between place quality and user satisfaction in two waterfronts in Penang, Malaysia. However, only few studies have examined the impact of place quality on user satisfaction in waterfronts as natural outdoor recreation spaces.

Design/methodology/approach
A sample of 300 users was analysed via structural equation modelling, and results show that place quality is a second-order construct with three main dimensions.

Findings
These results support the theoretical findings in the literature that associate high place quality and place identity with user satisfaction. These results also support the mediating role of place identity in the relationship between place quality and satisfaction and can help policymakers create inclusive and attractive waterfronts that catalyse place identity and user satisfaction.

Originality/value
Place quality is an essential need for urban life with significant and extensive effects on the lives of residents nowadays. Organising physical activities can help attract more users to waterfronts and consequently increase their level of satisfaction. Local authorities, non-governmental organisations and local communities should also help in monitoring and maintaining the waterfronts.


The goal of this study is to evaluate co-firing of gasified CO2 neutral biofuel in a retrofitted gas turbine combined cycle CHP unit designed for natural gas operation. This type of situation may be particularly relevant if future CO2 abatement policies require that owners of natural gas fired CHP units reduce CO2 emissions. The study investigates the technical, economic and environmental performance of the CHP unit for different fractions of gasified biofuel in the unit's fuel mix. The power plant simulation program GateCycle was used for plant performance evaluation. The calculations are based on a large size (about 300 MWe) natural gas combined cycle CHP plant that is planned to be built on the West coast of Sweden, producing electricity and district heating for the local energy utility company. The results from this study show that it is possible to co-fire up to 40% (energy basis) biofuel product gas in the CHP unit. At this level of product gas co-firing, the unit's electrical and total efficiencies decrease by approximately 2 %-points, compared to operation on natural gas only. Global CO2 emissions can be reduced by approximately 400.000 tonnes/year. The total costs for the local utility company depend on the prevailing CO2 taxation rules, and on the assumed premium value of the renewable power produced. For the base case conditions assumed in the study, the cost of electricity (COE) for a natural gas fired NGCC CHP unit is 253 SEK/MWh, increasing to 306 SEK/MWh when a biofuel gasifier is integrated to the unit. A premium value for renewable electricity of 285 SEK/MWh is required for equal COE values to be achieved by the two systems.


The Course of National Unity has a history of 60 years in China,which mirrors China's multi-cultural education in three stages,the initial stage,the development stage and the mature stage.In the new situation,this course follows the government policy for finding common points rather than differences and keeps up with the times for enhancing the consciousness of national identity of the up-coming citizens.


Abstract : This test was conducted to determine the flight characteristics, ballistic coefficients and terminal velocities of six of the subject mine- parachute combinations. It was concluded that: (1) The six Mines, Mk. 36, equipped with Parachutes, XH-20G, had excellent flight characteristics and the operation of the parachute packs and parachutes was satisfactory; (2) The ballistic coefficients and terminal velocities, respectively, for the six drops are as follows: 0.0475 - 176 ft./sec.; 0.0527 - 186 ft./sec.; 0.0537 - 188 ft./ sec.; 0.0421 - 165 ft./sec.; 0.0420 - 165 ft./sec.; 0.0423 - 166 ft./sec.


Quantum computing is one of the hottest topics of the last decade. The current emergent desire for a practical quantum computer is driving much of the current research in the fields of mathematics, physics and engineering. As a result, there has been an explosion in the number of books published on the subject. None of these, however, have quite matched up to this excellent text. As the title suggests, this book is an introduction to the field. An acquaintance with the principles of quantum mechanics is taken as read and a good grounding in the mathematics of linear algebra is expected. The first three chapters build up a framework of mathematical language and tools. There is also a liberal sprinkling of quantum physics. Chapter 4 launches into the quantum model of computation. It is here that quantum gates are first discussed in detail. Chapter 5 deals with the superdense coding and quantum teleportation protocols. The next three chapters cover quantum algorithms. The usual suspects such as Deutsch's algorithm, Simon's algorithm, Shor's algorithm and Grover's quantum search algorithm are all to be found lurking here. The final two chapters discuss quantum computational complexity theory and quantum error correction. The book concludes with a number of useful appendices and an extensive bibliography. The book is written in a clear concise style. The authors manage to condense all of the salient points into a minimum of space while still maintaining readability. It would be an ideal place to start for students embarking on postgraduate study or research in quantum computing. It would be equally useful as a source text for instructors and course developers. The authors should be complemented on this work. I highly recommend it.


Human intrusion can be a serious problem for birds because it can cause displacement, prevent access to resources, and reduce reproduction and survival. The factors that influence avian tolerance to intrusion are poorly understood. We studied passerine responses to intrusion in Wyoming montane forests during the breeding season by using two indices of intrusion tolerance: detectability period, the amount of time that a bird remains near its initial flush point; and approach distance, how close one can get to a bird before it flushes. A solitary observer experimentally approached focal individuals and recorded detectability period, approach distance, the seasonal and daily timing of intrusion, number of nearby conspecifics, number of nearby heterospecific individuals, and surrounding vegetation conditions. Using data from the literature, we also assessed influences of migratory status, body mass, conspicuousness, and height above the ground at which species are active during the breeding season. Detectability period was significantly shorter, indicating intrusion tolerance was lower, when fewer conspecifics were nearby. Approach distance was significantly longer, indicating tolerance was lower, for more-conspicuous species and for species that are active closer to the ground. Effects of other variables studied were not significant. These results demonstrate that social and biological factors can influence tolerance to intrusion. Intrusion-induced behaviors such as nest abandonment and decreased nest attentiveness have led to reduced reproduction and survival in species that are intolerant of intrusion. With knowledge of factors that influence tolerance, the risk of disturbing birds that are sensitive to intrusion could be reduced.


The invention relates to a detection method of insulation resistance of a high-precision photovoltaic inverter, which comprises the following steps of: connecting a path switch and a resistor at a positive pole of a first PV (Photovoltaic) panel with a ground wire, connecting another path resistor with the ground wire, connecting a path switch and a resistor at a positive pole of a second PV panel with the ground wire, connecting another path resistor with the ground wire and connecting a common negative pole of the PV panels with the ground wire through the resistors; and when the voltage exists in the first PV panel and the second PV panel, sampling the voltage of the first PV panel and the voltage of the second PV panel for one time in the detection process as well as the voltage of the ground to the common negative pole of the PV panels and then obtaining the equivalent insulation resistance in cooperation with an on/off state and according to the value obtained by the sampling. Through the detection method used in the invention, the insulation resistance between the positive ends and the negative ends of the PV panels can be more accurately detected under the situations that a more complicated plus circuit is not used, and more paths exist in the PV panels.


The study examined the impact of inflation on unemployment Ethiopia; for the period 1991 Cointegration test, Error Correction Model (ECM) technique and Granger causality test employed in the analysis. The variables utilized in the investigation include inflation rate, external debt and unemployment rate. Stationarity test was conducted and the results indicated that all the variables except Inflation were stationary at fir level. The cointegration test result revealed that long run relationship exists among the variables under study. More so, ECM result showed that inflation has negative and significant impact on unemplo unemployment and inflation with causality running from inflation to Unemployment. Using this approach, the researcher find evidence of a long inflation. Based on the findings above, the study therefore, recommends the need for the government to put in place policies that control inflation toward sunemploymentreduction.


Palembang City is one of the cities having the largest river in Indonesia and it should be able to take advantage of river transportation as an alternative choice. Inadequate availability of river transport facilities and infrastructures makes the people prefer other modes of land transportation rather than using river transportation. In addition, the development planning of river transportation such as the development of river taxi is less successful because it is not yet based on the movement pattern of the origin of the community travel destination. Based on the above matter, this study was conducted. The aim of the study was to find out the characteristics and factors affecting the mode choice of the community living along the bank of Musi River of Palembang City to be the basis of the development of river transportation system in Palembang City. The selected modes were motorcycles, cars, city transports, and ketek (motorized boats). Survey of home interviews was conducted to determine the origin of the destination and characteristics of travel was conducted in 30 villages located on the banks of Musi River. Field survey was conducted to determine the conditions and types of existing river transportation facilities and services. The results show that only 5.3 % of the occurrence movement used river transportation, the rest used motorcycles (69.1%), urban transport (15.9 %) and cars (9.7%), with the travel range less than10 minutes and 10 - 20 minutes as much as 43.2 % and 29 % of the total trips. From the socioeconomic profile of the community, it is found that most of the people living along the Musi River have low and middle incomes with the largest types of jobs as workers, students, shop owner, and housewives. The peak movement time for the movement of river transport occurs at 7:00 - 8:00, 10:00 - 11:00 and 16:00 - 17:00 with the movement of origin of the destination of river transportation is known to be 50% at the traditional market center of Dermaga of 16 Ilir. Types of river transportation used for short trips are large, medium and small motorized boats. While for longer trips there are large and medium size speedboats. The statistical analysis results showed that the parameters affecting the mode choice of the community living along the bank of Musi River were age, occupation, monthly income, house types, and travel time.


A daptomycin precursor-deacylase-producing strain, Actinoplanes sp. HCCB10085, was obtained through screening. Its optimal culture conditions for mycelium growth were pH 7.0 at 28℃, and incubation for 60-90h. The suitable temperature and pH for resting cell transformation were 35℃ and pH 7.0.


The paper is formed according to the information of the gigantic Wallaby gold deposit the authors have brought back from Australia.It is worthwhile to refer to and learn from the ore forming model and exploration model of the Wallaby gold and the working methods and exploration concept is especially useful for our concealed ore prospecting.


1995 - Christmas Eve at the Mississippi by Jack Woodson. Bing & Grondahl, Christmas in America Plate. In 1895, Harald Bing made history with the world's first Christmas Plate, Behind the Frozen Window. In 1986, Bing & Grondahl introduced Christmas Eve in Williamsburg, the first edition of the Christmas in America Series. The 1995 edition of the Christmas in America collection is the tenth and final plate in this limited edition series. The artwork by famed American artist Jack Woodson, depicts a steam boat sailing down the Mississippi River on Christmas Eve. Size: 5"


can divert the trolley by: pulling a switch directing it onto another track on which stands a fat man eating an ice cream; pushing a fat man onto the track; jumping onto the track yourself' etc. The potential for framing effects is endless: 'A slow-moving steamroller is threatening to reverse over a member of an ethnic minority . . .') The trolley industry has been ably criticized on philosophical grounds by, among others, Alastair Norcross [2008] but the worry here is how much light intuitions about trolley cases shed on cognitive processes. Collecting the linguistic intuitions of informants is essential evidence for the nature of linguistic competence, (a) precisely because they are so immune to framing effects ('He run to the shops' is judged ungrammatical by all adult native speakers whether in a trolley, tied to the railroad track, or after emptying a disgusting wastebasket), and (b) because there is no gap between generative rules which are descriptively adequate and linguistic competence. However, in the moral case, the intuitions of people go in very different directions and are exquisitely susceptible to framing effects. One can, as Hauser does, interpret stable patterns in the framing effects as evidence of underlying cognitive structure. But, as in the rationality debate, widespread vulnerability to framing effects undermines confidence in hypotheses about the nature of competence. In the rationality debate, theorists have argued that people are rational, irrational and arational on the basis of the same evidence. Something like the same pattern of responses to trolley problems seems to be emerging in the moral cognition debate. Hence your reviewer, while in sympathy with the whole project, and impressed by all the papers, found himself more impressed by those ingenious experiments which used behaviour in ecologically relevant situations linked to neuroscience rather than verbal judgment about trolley cases as the basis for their inferences about competence. In a fast-moving field it is difficult to achieve definitive status, but I do think this volume succeeds entirely and contains papers that will become standards for both students and researchers.


...................................................................................................................................... vi Declaration ................................................................................................................................... viii Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ ix Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................................1 Chapter 2: The effect of product market competition on top management team incentive dispersion ........................................................................................................................8 2.


Succeeding to the Confucian main ideas of Jingmingxingxiu, that is with both political integrity and ability, followed by the successor of the eunuch class, CAO Cao抯 main ideas of choosing none but the intellect, CAI Yong抯 opinion upon ability and moral integrity is conservative and innovatory, which is therefore of significance for looking at the criteria of the society to political leaders during the trassitive period before Jian抋n.


It has been neglected by the academia for a long period that Chinese intellectuals have ever interpreted definitely industrialization as three aspects: mechanization,industrial economy and industrial society during 1930s and 1940s.From early 1930s to early period of the Anti-Japanese War,Chinese intellectuals interpreted industrialization as mechanization mainly.However,since 1943,industrialization was interpreted by Chinese intellectuals as industrial economic transformation including industry,agriculture,mining,transportation,finance,etc.Meanwhile,Chinese intellectuals put forward a proposition with regard to"industrialization and social alteration"which is called as"industrial society"today.


Deformation data under long loading times (15 minutes) and high temperature (60 degrees celsius) was obtained for continuously graded asphaltic concrete mixes using a modified shell (1978) creep test. Polishing the Marshall compacted specimens flat and including a preloading in the test cycle were found to be essential for repeatable and accurate results. The results of deformation were expressed as a stiffness modulus (smix). For the variables investigated the level of compaction, binder content and aggregate size significantly affected smix. For the mixes investigated changing the aggregate type or binder type had no significant effect on smix. The results of the effect of binder on smix are not in agreement with the general practice of using stiffer binders to reduce permanent deformation. Further investigations need to be undertaken to assess the suitability of laboratory creep testing FOR RANking permanent deformation of mixes (a). For the number of the covering record of the conference, see IRRD no 814452.


Background & Objectives: Obesity is one of the most important problems of public health in the world. Prevalence of obesity complications during the pregnancy are increasing in our country. Therefore, evaluation of the obesity complications in this era is important. The aim of this study is evaluation of the relationship between obesity and pregnancy complications and childbirth in health


4-oxo-2, 6-dimethyl-2, 6-diethylpiperidine [III] and its N-oxyl [N], the homologs of 4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine [I] and its N-oxyl [II] were synthesized in 17.9 % yield from methylethylketone and in 62% yield from [III]. And some new compounds containing [I] and [II] were also synthesized. They are heterocyclic azonitriles [VII, IX]. Compound [IX] has an unstable azo group and stable N-oxyl group in same molecule, and we synthesized three phthalic diesters and three phthalic diamides containing N-oxyl. Three phthalic diamides having piperidine were also synthesized. All compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods and elemental analyses.


This research is the analysis of administrative processes of the department of customer service in which it developed a business plan, contact and customer relationship, also, with the employees of the Tiendas Metro in the city of Trujillo. In this study, we considered seriously the theme of service, in order to understand and be able to establish parameters for the creation of a Service Model adapted to each organization which is involved in parallel see every administrative processes implemented and implemented within a Customer Service Department of a company product number (case study) and realize that the service itself is meaningless if not accompanied by adequate and well-evaluated business processes created. The above leads us to consider very carefully the processes of recruitment and selection of personnel for the service area, as not all people have the right skills that were previously applied to those occupying management positions, now the environment requires skills as patience, endurance, imagination, personal competence, friendliness and entrepreneurship. There has to assume that serve well is the key to organizational success and you can always improve customer service, even in societies apparently unwilling to do so. In the increasingly competitive world in which they develop business today, service is often what allows a company to beat in the market to other competitors, however great. Hardly organizations that disrespect their employees can encourage natural behavior of good customer relations without resorting to costly permanent supervision and what it means to be over people with more serious consequence: the loss of the best people and the fact that the company beyond just those with economic reasons. In the first chapter of this research, including the problematic reality, history and justification, the formulation of the problem under study, stating the problem statement, the definition and delimitation of the study object and justification of the problem, define the objective of the research both general and specific, which can visualize where you want to reach and what you want to do, as well as the theoretical framework that explains the theoretical basis underlying the research, which outlines concepts associated with: management services, administrative processes, indicators of administrative processes, marketing of services, service culture, customer orientation, recruitment and selection, service strategy, the moments of truth, external and internal customers , quality of service, to finally raise the hypothesis. In the second presents the research design, population and sample collection techniques, processing and analysis of data and the validity, reliability and how the results will be presented. The third part presents the results of the investigation. The fourth chapter presents the analysis and discussion of research results and finally highlights the findings and recommendations respectively.


At the meeting of the animals of Farthing Wood, Fox recalls the oath of mutual protection. This book takes the reader back to the events that lead up to the original pledge: the feud between the foxes and the otters, the mysterious sickness and the first signs of human encroachment.


High-performance scientific applications usualy have a bro ad spectrum of specific problem parameters that range from I/O data sets, to complex parallelisation option s, or performance optimisation metrics. In this context, performance-oriented code development, software testing , performance analysis, and parameter studies commonly require to conduct large number of executions for diff erent parameter instantiations. Every execution of the application can be viewed as a scientific experiment. So far t here exists little tool support to specify and control the execution of large number of experiments for an applicat ion. We have developed the ZEN directive-based language for the s pecification of wide sets of synthetic experiments in the context of large scale performance and parameter stud ies of parallel and distributed scientific applicaThis research is supported by the Austrian Science Fund as pa rt of the Aurora project under contract SFBF1104. tions. ZEN introduces substitute and assign directives to s pecify arbitrary problem, parallelisation, or machine parameters, including program variables, file names, compi ler options, target machines, machine sizes, scheduling strategies, or data distributions. The number of experimen ts a d invalid parameter combinations can be controlled through constraint directives. A rich number of performanc e metrics can be requested through performance behaviour directives. The scope of all directives can be restr icted to arbitrary files or code regions. We have implemented the ZEN language in the context of the ZEN TURIO experiment management tool for automatic performance and parameter studies of parallel ap plications on cluster and Grid architectures. We report results of using ZEN and ZENTURIO for the performance analysis of an ocean simulation application and for the parameter study of a computational finance code.


The constructivist research programme on international norms has demonstrated convincingly that, how, and why norms matter. Norms have been shown to constitute the identity of actors, to guide their behaviour into desired directions, and, altogether, to generate the normative basis of the international system. In the course of this intensive debate, its main concepts, such as the question of what constitutes a norm or different norm types, became fuzzy. Also, while the focus on the intended effects of norms certainly encompasses an essential part of the phenomenon, their unintended effects have been largely neglected. Motivated by these shortcomings, the article presents a new systematisation of effects of norms. The typology developed here discerns two types of intended effects, namely prohibitive and obligative effects, as well as two corresponding types of unintended effects, namely permissive and omissive effects.


We investigate the effect of new stellar models taking rotation into account and computing for a metallicity Z = 10 -8 on the chemical evolution of the earliest phases of the Milky Way. These models were computed under the assumption that the ratio of the initial rotation velocity to the critical velocity of stars is roughly constant with metallicity. This naturally leads to faster rotation at lower metallicity, as metal-poor stars are more compact than metal-rich ones. We find that the new Z = 10 -8 stellar yields have a tremendous impact on the nitrogen enrichment of the interstellar medium for log(O/H) + 12 < 7 (or [Fe/H] < -3). We show that including Z = 10 -8 stellar yields in chemical evolution models, both high N/O and C/O ratios are obtained in the very-metal poor metallicity range, in agreement with observations. Our results give further support to the idea that stars at very low metallicities could have rotational velocities of the order of 600-800 km s -1 .


InGaAs/GaAs strained-layer single quantum well (SSQW) structures have been grown at temperatures from 200 to 540°C by migration enhanced epitaxy (MEE). Fabricated structures were characterized by comparing the measured wavelength of photoluminescence (PL) emission peak with the theoretically calculated one for ideal quantum wells. In the SSQWs made at high temperatures (400 - 540°C), large PL peak shifts to the shorter wavelengths than the calculated ones were observed. This blue shift of the PL peak was attributed to the surface segregation and desorption of In atoms. Lowering the growth temperature of MEE below 300°C, the In segregation was suppressed and the designed PL wavelength from the SSQW was obtained. It was shown that the preparation of GaAs (2 × 4) -As surface without excess Assticking and the long migration time of group III atoms were needed to obtain the high PL intensity from SSQW.


We consider Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a prospective structural material candidate for a Micro Fuel Cell. The introduction of such a polymer as structural material will reduce the mass and the size of the micro fuel cell and therefore optimize the current micro fuel cell models. In this perspective, our work focuses on the tailorability and optimization of thermal, mechanical bonding properties of PDMS with nano size carbon black particles as filler (PDMS‐CB). The wt% of the filler is varied from 10% to 25%. The mechanical property is characterized by testing the bond strength of the bond between pure PDMS and PDMS‐CB composite. The bond between pure PDMS and 10% carbon black filled PDMS broke at 0.72 MPa. The bond has become very strong for other samples with higher wt% (>10%). In this case the bond did not break but the break occurred on the pure PDMS side. The Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) study has shown good thermal stability of the composite up to 500 °C.


Abstract High-resolution optical imaging systems are quickly becoming universal tools to characterize and quantify microbial diversity in marine ecosystems. Automated classification systems such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are often developed to identify species
 within the immense number of images (e.g., millions per month) collected. The goal of our study was to develop a CNN to classify phytoplankton images collected with an Imaging FlowCytobot for the Palmer Antarctica Long-Term Ecological Research project. A relatively small CNN (~2 million parameters)
 was developed and trained using a subset of manually identified images, resulting in an overall test accuracy, recall, and f1-score of 93.8, 93.7, and 93.7%, respectively, on a balanced dataset. However, the f1-score dropped to 46.5% when tested on a dataset of 10,269 new images drawn from
 the natural environment without balancing classes. This decrease is likely due to highly imbalanced class distributions dominated by smaller, less differentiable cells, high intraclass variance, and interclass morphological similarities of cells in naturally occurring phytoplankton assemblages.
 As a case study to illustrate the value of the model, it was used to predict taxonomic classifications (ranging from genus to class) of phytoplankton at Palmer Station, Antarctica, from late austral spring to early autumn in 2017‐2018 and 2018‐2019. The CNN was generally able
 to identify important seasonal dynamics such as the shift from large centric diatoms to small pennate diatoms in both years, which is thought to be driven by increases in glacial meltwater from January to March. This shift in particle size distribution has significant implications for the
 ecology and biogeochemistry of these waters. Moving forward, we hope to further increase the accuracy of our model to better characterize coastal phytoplankton communities threatened by rapidly changing environmental conditions.


The text analyzes the geography and the perceived vulnerabilities in the community of Xixuau, located on the banks of the Jauaperi River, in the Lower Rio Branco region, in Roraima, in the extreme north of the Amazon. For this, it seeks in field research and in the bibliography of phenomenological affiliation, to understand the idea of place, using the residents' narratives about their way of life and the historical relationship of this riverside being with the lived space. It is noted that the Amazon riverside has a particular multidimensional cosmology of the environment, demonstrating that it is possible to adapt to verticalities of economic interest, but at the same time, resist such external interventions, if necessary, in the defense of the place


Much effort has been expended by successive governments in stimulating production by volume house builders, with modest success. Some estimate that planning permission has been granted for over 600,000 homes, though the number of actual housing starts, while up, hovers stubbornly around the 2008 figure. New Labour tried to change this by various stratagems: 'modern methods of production,' aimed at stimulating competition by introducing new entrants, and 'eco towns', new settlements bearing a green label. In the end both came to naught.


5 Postgraduate Student Department Of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery PGIDS, University Of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, INDIA ABSTRACT Odontomes arise as a result of an aberration in the tissues responsible for the formation of teeth. Though regarded as tumors or hamartomas in the past they are now usually regarded as variations in development of malformations. A 15 yr old female patient with complaint of swelling and mobility of upper anterior teeth diagnosed as complex Odontomes of anterior maxilla managed with enucleation. Odontomes are diagnosed in the second decade of life and are commonly associated with delayed eruption and displacement of related permanent teeth which is sometimes accompanied by retention of deciduous teeth and swelling. The treatment of the Odontomes is surgical removal and there is no expectancy of recurrence. Since both the ameloblastic odontoma and the ameloblastic fibro-odontoma bear great resemblance to the common Odontomes, particularly on the radiographs it is suggested that all Odontomes be sent for histopathological examination.


Abstract Today, half of the patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD) will use hospice care in the last days of their life. Most of them will present with moderate to severe agitation. In the absence of evidence-based guidelines, Hospice care eligible patients with Agitation and Alzheimer's disease (AD) or other types of Dementia (HAD) are treated with a combination of antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, and opiates, which generate a variety of side effects. Two cannabinoids, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), appear to be promising therapies for agitation in HAD with minimal side effects. Specifically, we suggest that a combination of THC and CBD oils have enhanced synergistic effects while maintaining a low side effect profile that the combination may provide. The evidence for this hypothesis will be discussed during the symposium.


A number of simple arylamino compounds (Figure 1) are well-established as pro-carcinogenic agents. Metabolic activation leads to a series of unstable N-hydroxy derivatives that on solvolysis, give nitrenium ions. The latter, which are regarded as the primary mutagenic/carcinogenic agents attack DNA to give a variety of adducts. Principal among these are the C-8 arylamination products of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) and the N2- and N6-(2-acetylamino)arylation adducts of dG and 2'-deoxyadenosine (dA), respectively. The latter types of adducts have received little biological attention because synthetic methods for their preparation have been lacking. We now describe a general high-yield method for the synthesis of both of these types of N-arylated 2'-deoxynucleosides. The key step is a Buchwald−Hartwig coupling reaction between an appropriately protected derivative of dG or dA (1 and 7, respectively) and an o-nitroaryl bromide or triflate (2a−e). Subsequent reduction, acetylation, and deprotection of the N2-adduct...


Copyright: © 2012 Aman MG. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) is a standardized problem behavior rating scale originally designed to assess treatment effects in people with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) [1,2]. It was developed in the early 1980s, because we, as researchers, could find no adequate instrument for assessing outcomes in individuals with ID. The upshot was a principal-components-derived tool encompassing five subscales and 58 items. The subscales were dubbed as follows: (1) Irritability, Agitation, Crying (15 items); (2) Lethargy/Social Withdrawal (16 items); (3) Stereotypic Behavior (7 items); (4) Hyperactivity/Noncompliance (16 items); and (5) Inappropriate Speech (4 items).


The energy demand and shortage of fossil fuels are reviewed. The plants which can be grown for fermentation and those such as Euphorbias which produce hydrocarbons are discussed. It is suggested that the growth of these plants should be subsidized rather than paying the farmer to leave his land idle. (MHR)


A new and significant correlation is found between the amplitude of mean‐winter atmospheric anomalies over the North Atlantic Ocean and those over the North Pacific Ocean and western North America three winters later. It is as strong as the previously known and much discussed correlation between the ocean temperature in the eastern tropical Pacific (El Niño region) and the North Pacific winter atmospheric anomalies. No physical explanation is given at this time for this correlation. A statistical prediction model for mean‐winter conditions is constructed based on the above new and previously known correlations. The prediction model is tested on 36 winters of the past. The model predictions are shown to be of remarkable quality over the North Pacific and western North America.


AbstractUtility-service provision is a process in which products are transformed by appropriate devices into services satisfying human needs and wants. Utility products required for these transformations are usually delivered to households via separate infrastructures, i.e., real-world networks such as, e.g., electricity grids and water distribution systems. However, provision of utility products in appropriate quantities does not itself guarantee that the required services will be delivered because the needs satisfaction task requires not only utility products but also fully functional devices. Utility infrastructures form complex networks and have been analysed as such using complex network theory. However, little research has been conducted to date on integration of utilities and associated services within one complex network. This paper attempts to fill this gap in knowledge by modelling utility-service provision within a household with a hypergraph in which products and services are represented with nodes whilst devices are hyperedges spanning between them. Since devices usually connect more than two nodes, a standard graph would not suffice to describe utility-service provision problem and therefore a hypergraph was chosen as a more appropriate representation of the system. This paper first aims to investigate the properties of hypergraphs, such as cardinality of nodes, betweenness, degree distribution, etc. Additionally, it shows how these properties can be used while solving and optimizing utility-service provision problem, i.e., constructing a so-called transformation graph. The transformation graph is a standard graph in which nodes represent the devices, storages for products, and services, while edges represent the product or service carriers. Construction of different transformation graphs to a defined utility-service provision problem is presented in the paper to show how the methodology is applied to generate possible solutions to provision of services to households under given local conditions, requirements and constraints.(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)IntroductionUtility-service provision is a process in which utility products such as water, electricity, food, etc. are delivered to households to satisfy basic human needs such as nutrition, adequate quantity and quality of water, thermal comfort, and wants such as leisure. These products can either be delivered via infrastructure or produced locally, e.g., electricity can be produced from sunlight using solar panels or water can be harvested from rainwater and subsequently treated to drinking water standards1.Utility infrastructures such as power grids, water and gas pipelines, or transportation and communication systems can be considered as complex networks with similar topological and dynamic properties to the World Wide Web2 that additionally depend on the traffic and the pattern of connections. We can divide such complex networks into four categories, originally proposed by Newmars:* Social networks in which a set of people form patterns of contacts or interactions, e.g., friendships,thematic groups, mutual likes and hobbies, etc.;* Information networks, otherwise referred to as knowledge networks, e.g., the network of citations between academic papers or the World Wide Web where web pages are linked via hyperlinks pointing from one page to another;* Biological networks such as the food web, in which nodes represent species in an ecosystem and directed edges between two nodes indicate that the former species prays on the latter one4;* Technological networks designed for distribution of some commodity or resource, e.g., information, water, electricity, etc.; such networks are the main focus of this paper.Utility-service provision can be considered as a technological network and analyzed as such since its main objective is to deliver different utility products to households and then convert these utility products using different devices into services in order to satisfy basic human needs and wants. …


Our bodies have evolved to function optimally in what we perceive as a normal environment, with one atmosphere ambient air pressure, a gravity of 1 g and exposure to daylight on a 24-hour rhythm. Under these conditions, most humans are able to maintain the physiological balances that are necessary to stay healthy. Altering our surroundings will challenge this ability, but whether this triggers negative effects is likely to depend on individual traits – inherent or acquired – that may not be discernible under normal conditions.


Drawing on the authors' experiences at the University of Lincolnshire and Humberside (ULH), this autobiographical narrative explores the development of distance learning strategies for management and business studies students. The authors discuss their own particular experiences and their role in pursuing innovations. Having considered the pedagogical issues involved in working with students at a distance, the paper goes on to discuss innovations to facilitate learning at ULH. This includes the design of text‐based materials for distance learning, increasing access via work‐based learning, and the university's involvement in both the Teaching and Learning Technology Programme, (TLTP) and the Extended Learning Environment Network (ELEN) projects. Early evaluations of these projects identify a tension between the apparently boundless technological possibilities and students' need for the "human" dimension in learning. Developing high quality H(E)‐education may depend in some part upon managing that tension.


Attribute-based data clustering has been proven as one of the efficient methods in data clustering. Set theory approaches for data clustering exist to handle attribute-based data clustering. The MDDS, a soft set based technique has proven its applicability in data clustering. However, in reviewing MDDS, where its calculations are based on comparing all constructed multi-soft sets, it still suffers from high computational time. This research presents a modification of the MDDS by generating an alternative technique to reduce its computational complexity. To provide alternative solutions from MDDS algorithm, we derive a new algorithm that can lesser response time. It is using theory of soft set by selecting and excluding the set having no effect domination on other sets. The experiments are implemented in MATLAB software thought to UCI benchmark datasets. The computation experiment illustrate that the time response can be speed up to 67.56 % by proposed algorithm compared with MDDS.


The thin tubular specimens are used to carry out the multiaxial fatigue tests under proportional loading with constant amplitudes.The stress and strain of tubular specimen subjected to proportional loading are analyzed by the elastic-plastic finite element method.The results show that the calculated stress-strain values by FEM have good agreement with the experimental results.And the stress-strain state of the critical position for notched specimen is analyzed and calculated by the proposed finite element model.Finally,the life of specimens is predicted by the local stress-strain approach,and the result is perfect.


Case-based reasoning is a process for reasoning by remembering prior experiences and adapting their lessons to new circumstances. Cognitive science research on case-based reasoning has developed computational models of how humans learn from experience, and suggests principles for providing more effective support for human learning.

Keywords:

analogy;
artificial intelligence;
education;
learning;
memory


The major solar event on 2006 December 13 is characterized by the approximately simultaneous occurrence of a heap of hot ejecta, a great two-ribbon flare, and an extended Earth-directed coronal mass ejection. We examine the magnetic field and sunspot evolution in NOAA AR 10930, the source region of the event, while it transited the solar disk center from December 10 to 13. We find that the obvious changes in the active region associated with the event are the development of magnetic shear, the appearance of ephemeral regions, and fast rotation of a smaller sunspot. Around the area of the magnetic neutral line of the active region, interaction between the fast rotating sunspot and the ephemeral regions triggers continual brightening and finally the major flare. This indicates that only after the sunspot rotates up to 200° does the major event take place. The sunspot rotates at least 240° about its center, the largest sunspot rotation angle that has been reported.


In Greek prose fiction, as in Greek poetry, the years around 1930 saw a radical change in orientation which affected both themes and techniques. A group of writers, known even before the end of the 1930s as the "Generation of 1930," attempted to bring about a thorough renewal of Greek poetry and, in prose, particularly the Greek novel. One of their chief means of achieving this was to open themselves up to influences from the most recent literary developments in Europe. During the 1930s, Greek writers made a more conscious and concerted effort to align themselves with contemporary European literature than possibly at any other time in the history of the modern Greek state.1


The effects of the work space environment on worker productivity as well as comfort and work space quality have been widely researched into and have gained much importance with the European "Energy Performance of Buildings Directive" of 2001. Within the framework of a study on the 'Thermal Performance of Multi-Storey Office Buildings", 195 occupants in such buildings were surveyed before, during, and at the end of a 12 month monitoring period. The objective of the study was to find out how occupants measured their work spaces and to what extent did the work environment affect their day to day activities.  Data loggers were mounted in selected offices to record indoor physical parameters. 4 office buildings in Accra were selected for the study: 3 air-conditioned and 1 naturally ventilated building. The results indicated among others that whiles 2 of the air-conditioned buildings were comfortable, 1 was interestingly uncomfortable together with the naturally ventilated building. Moreover, about 80% of the occupants' with open plan workstations expressed dissatisfaction about their spaces commenting that they lack privacy whiles those in enclosed offices had positive comments about their spaces. Furthermore, the users ranked air quality, thermal comfort, and fire safety among others in order of importance as features needed for successful operation of multi-storey office buildings. Thermal comfort was ranked to have a higher importance than acoustic comfort but not air quality. In terms of health complaints, general fatigue, neck pains, stiffness of limbs and backache were amongst the frequently experienced problems. The study would inform building operators/managers on the efficient ways of organising work spaces for occupant satisfaction and maximizing productivity. Keywords: Comfort, Occupants, Health, Air quality, Indoor environment.


In this chapter a recent approach is described which utilizes the Unified Modeling Language (UML) within the automotive specific systems development. In particular it presents the Automotive Modeling Language (AML), a modeling language tailored to the development needs of automotive embedded systems. A focus is set on the definition of a metamodel for the AML, as well as on a system of abstraction levels, and on a tight integration between requirements engineering and model-based descriptions. Furthermore the concrete AML representation is given by a concrete UML subset, which is called "Automotive UML". The application of the introduced language concepts is illustrated by means of a realistic case study from the automotive domain.


The aim of this paper is to create a mathematical model of the motion of robot inspector on electrical transmission lines conductors when the towers are not in one level i.e. when the tension through the conductor is not constant. In this model, we consider the electrical line as a thread with two supports at the ends with different elevations and the robot considered as a moving object on the thread. The obtained equation of motion has been solved by using the separating variables method. As the result, dangerous oscillations have been seen although the motion of the inspection robot on the line is steady. These vibrations may cause parametric vibration in the perpendicular plane of motion and can cause inertial load on the construction of the robot. To study this affect we consider the robot as a pendulum with movable suspension base. This article shows the possibility of a kind of parametric resonance.


While innovative technologies drive modern healthcare and may dramatically improve patient outcomes, they also have been identified as the leading cause of increasing healthcare expenditures (2,3). Technology adoption decisions pose a challenge to decision-makers who are often forced to make timely decisions regarding new technologies, before there is definitive evidence on their clinical efficacy and economic merit. Hospitals, among other healthcare providers, have to develop their individual set of decision criteria for strategic technology planning with respect to their particular environment (5).


The carrier transport properties of the blends of the hole transport material poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and the electron transport material tris (8-hydroxyquinolinolato) aluminum III (Alq3) are investigated at room temperature using steady-state and time-resolved transient photocurrent measurements as a function of doping concentration of Alq3. Due to lower LUMO and higher HOMO energy level of Alq3 than those of PVK, Alq3 molecules may act as carrier trap states in PVK films at low concentration. However, at high concentration of Alq3, phase separation reduces trap states to some extent, which leads to the rise of photocurrent. It is concluded that strong excitation transfer from PVK to Alq3 does harm to photocurrent, because strong fluorescence effect of Alq3 inhibits photogeneration of charge carriers. In time-resolved transient photocurrent measurements, it is found that the decay time is obviously shortened because the recombination rate increases and the electron mobility of Alq3 is higher than the hole mobility of PVK.


Training deep neural network is a high dimensional and a highly non-convex optimization problem. In this paper, we revisit Hessian-free optimization method for deep networks with negative curvature direction detection. We also develop its distributed variant and demonstrate superior scaling potential to SGD, which allows more efficiently utilizing larger computing resources thus enabling large models and faster time to obtain desired solution. We show that these techniques accelerate the training process for both the standard MNIST dataset and also the TIMIT speech recognition problem, demonstrating robust performance with upto an order of magnitude larger batch sizes. This increased scaling potential is illustrated with near l inear speed-up on upto 32 CPU nodes for a simple 4-layer network.


As far as out-door activities are concerned the blind face difficulties in safe and independent mobility depriving them of normal professional and social life. Also there are issues of communication and access to information. There are software applications for computers and touch screen devices equipped with speech synthesizers. This project is for the visually impaired people and is based on the android platform. The project detects the direction of maximum brightness and the major colors. The major module of the project scans and detects the object in the image captured by the camera of an in built camera of a smartphone for the visually impaired. It is a dedicated image recognition application running on an Android system smartphone. It overcomes the limitation of previously existing technologies that require the visually impaired to possess special hardware or devices. Image recognition results are communicated to the blind users by means of pre-recorded verbal messages. By the use of hybrid algorithm the computation time is reduced and the correct object is detected very fast. The visually impaired are thus largely benefitted by this project. Use of android platform overcomes the shortcomings of the already existing devices. The color information is also used apart from the grayscale information. The object from any orientation can be recognized correctly.


We measured the thermal conductivity of a polyethylene/polystyrene blend containing SEBS block copolymer, which has two components of polystyrene block and hydrogenated polybutadiene block, and discussed the effect of phase inversion on the thermal conductivity by observing the morphorogy of the blend. Further, we examined the applicability of the thermal conduction model for composites, which was proposed in our previous reports, to this blend system. By plotting the logarithm of the thermal conductivities of the blends vs. the weight content of polyethylene, it was found that the experimental data lie approximately on a straight line with an increase in polyethylene until the range of dual–phase continuity (phase inversion), and then the data move on another straight line beyond the range of dual–phase continuity. Thus, our model to explain the thermal conductivity of the polymer blend was proved. Further, both coefficients A and B in our model took linear relations with the weight content of the block copolymer, and the model was, thus, more strongly confirmed to be applicable to thermal conductivity of polymer blends.


The proposition constitutes the element or immediate matter of all reaso-ning. The goal of this paper is to present an analysis of the nature of the proposi-tion, based on the different types of reasoning.


Research literature comparing room-scale combustion toxicity performance of construction products is compared to bench-scale results. It is demonstrated that it is inappropriate the regulate construction products on the basis of performance in bench-scale toxicity tests, while it is economically unsound to suggest requiring room-scale testing for assessing combustion toxicity hazards. Instead, it is demonstrated that the combustion toxicity hazards of construction products are best addressed by regulating their heat release rate characteristics.


A new content addressable associative memory structure, cellular associative memory, is proposed. It is composed of simple associative memory cells that are locally interconnected as a regular cellular network. This paper describes broadly the ideas behind cellular associative memory and gives an example in the field of character recognition. The properties of cellular associative memory are compared to those of the Kanerva's sparse distributed memory (1988) and the Hopfield network.


There is a growing concern about the high fiscal and economic costs, as well as effectiveness of the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) in insuring food security in India. The current study, apart from better explaining the impact of the TPDS on total staple food consumption, contributes to a growing discussion on implementing cash transfers instead of food subsidies. Our research questions are as follows: • What is the impact of TPDS wheat and rice consumption on total wheat and rice consumption? • How does a higher subsidy affect consumption? • What are the reasons for PDS under-purchase? • Would cash transfer be a more cost-effective way to increase cereals/staples consumption? Our analysis is based on the 68th round of the Indian National Sample Survey (NSS) of Household Consumer Expenditure, carried out by India's National Sample Survey Office of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. First, we show that under-purchase from TPDS is due to the supply constraints and as a result consumption from TPDS is exogenous to market consumption. Next, we estimate a three-stage demand system for staple foods. In the third stage, we estimate a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System with Rationing (QAIDSR), where the TPDS wheat and rice are treated as strictly rationed goods and the rest of the consumption good s in the system are the market consumed staples. As an output, we will present results of the simulations of higher subsidy, higher ration and higher income (cash transfer) on wheat, rice and other staple food consumption.


krmission to make digital/hard copies of all or part of this material for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided &at the copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage, he copyfight notice, the title oftbe publication and its date appear, and notice is f&n ihat coDyright is by permission of tbe ACM, Inc. TO copy othemh, to republish, to post on servers or to rcdiibute to lists, requires ~&c permission and/or fee. lUI 98 San Francisco CA USA Copyright 1998 AChl O-89791-955-6/98/01..S3.50 Audience Applications developers, user interface designers, technically literate managers, potential users of agent applications, students, and researchers. No specific prior experience assumed.


Reduced flexibility may lead to hypomobility associated with posture problems, risk of injury and increased muscle tension. On the other hand, high levels of flexibility can unprotect the joints causing certain types of injuries, such as dislocations and ligament laxity. The present study aimed to present and discuss the term flexibility of elderly people. Data were collected in the SCIELO and LILACS databases, being selected publications were selected between 2005 and 2015. Research shows that several physical activities improve the health and functionality of the elderly. Among these activities, weight training has been shown to be the most effective in improving and maintaining flexibility in functional autonomy.


The purpose of this work was to evaluate computed tomography (CT) simulators
 used in radiotherapy treatment planning in Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia and
 Herzegovina. A survey of quality assurance programmes of 24 CT simulators
 in 16 facilities was conducted. Dedicated CT-to-ED phantom was scanned at
 120 kV and 140 kV, to obtain CT-to-ED (ED- Electron Density) conversion
 curves as well as CTDIvol. Thoracal phantoms were scanned in standard and
 extended field of view to evaluate dosimetric effect on treatment planning
 and delivery. Mean age of measured scanners was 5.5 years. The mean water HU
 value was -6.5 (all scanners, all voltages) and air HU value was -997.
 Extended field of view CT data differ from standard field of view and
 differences between conversion curves have significant dosimetric impact.
 The CTDI data showed large range of values between centers. Better QA of CT
 simulators in all countries is recommended. CT-to-ED curve could be used as
 default at one voltage and per manufacturer. Extended field of view imaging
 can be used, but treatment planning should be avoided in the regions out of
 standard field of view.


This study analyze the prevalence of blaCTX-M containing Klebsiella pneumoniae. During the period from October, 2017 to the end of January, 2018, a total of one hundred swab samples were collected from environment of Al-Hillah Teaching Hospital / Hillah city. Thirteen (13%) isolates were identified as K.pneumoniae. All K.pneumoniae isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Higher resistance rates were observed for penicillin antibiotics (ampicillin and cloxacillin) with resistance rate of (84.61%) and (69.23%), respectively. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production was assayed phenotypically using disk combination method. Five (38%) isolates were screen-positive. Carbapenem resistance was detected in 2 isolates of K.pneumoniae, these were checked further by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method for the presence of blaCTX-M gene, 1 (50%) isolate gave positive result.


I. In 1817 the Bodleian Library of Oxford acquired from the Canonici brothers a manuscript containing Petrarch's Canzoniere, a nmnber of other lyrics either explicitly or implicitly attributed to Petrarch, and a defective text of the Trionfi. This codex, catalogued Canonici Ital. 65, has been accurately dated by N.Mann äs being of XVth Century origin, «possibly Venetian». There is no evidence relating to its origin prior to ownership by the Canonici brothers, but the order in which the lyrics from RVF appear would indicate that the master copy for at least that portion of the codex was fairly early in the tradition emanating ultimately from the hand of the poet. Lyrics II and III from RVF are reversed in order, indicating an organization earlier than the poet's final one, but the madrigal, «Or vedi Amore, ehe giovenetta donna», appears at position CXXI rather than the ballata, «Donna mi venne spesso ne la mente», which the poet himself had originally inscribed in his own final copy (codex Vaticano-latino 3195) and later erased in order to substitute for it the madrigal. Though it is unlikely that the scribe of Canonici Ital. 65 worked from an autograph, it is probable that his copy represents a mss. tradition which originated before the poet's death. The codex is of little interest to philologists äs a text of either RVF or the Trionfi, but it has attracted interest in recent years because of the numerous other lyrics which by their presence are implicitly attributed by the scribe to Petrarch. There are eighty-seven of these disperse contained in the codex: thirty-eight are intermingled with RVF, five sonnets follow the canzone to the Virgin, followed by a blank folio which separates them from forty-four other lyrics forming an appendix preceding the Trionfi. The lyrics in this appendix are attributed to Petrarch


To prevent the iatrogenic spread of variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (vCJD) between humans via blood products or transfusion, highly sensitive in vitro screening tests are necessary. Protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) is one such candidate test. However, plasma has been reported to inhibit the PMCA reaction. Therefore, we investigated the cell‐PMCA conditions that permit vCJD prion amplification in the presence of plasma.


Sir Drug induced Parkinsonism( DIP) is diagnosed when symptoms of parkinsonism start during the use of the offending drug and in the absence of a history of symptoms of parkinsonism before initiation of the drug. 1 We describe a case of Parkinsonism that was clinically diagnosed as DIP but DAT scan pointed towards idiopathic Parkinson's disease( PD). A sixty seven year old man presented with rest tremor in both hands for last 6 years with intensification in last 6 months. He is a known case of Bipolar Mood disorder treated with lithium. According to the patient the rest tremor began 2 months after starting lithium therapy for his bipolar mood disorders. The tremor started in his right hand and later the left hand was also involved, increasing in severity and interfering with activities of daily living in the last 6 months. On examination he had asymmetrical (left >right) rest and postural tremor in both of his hands, with rigidity and bradykinesia in both hands (left> right). There was no gaze restriction, autonomic dysfunction or focal neurological deficit. Serum electrolytes including copper studies were normal. Lithium level was in the therapeutic range. MRI scan of the brain was normal. A diagnosis of DIP was made as his symptoms started shortly after initiation of lithium therapy. However we were reluctant to withdraw the lithium therapy as his mood disorder was well controlled. As it was clinically impossible to distinguish DIP from idiopathic Parkinson's disease a 123I-ioflupane scan (DAT) scan was performed within a week of his presentation to us (at the 6th year of his symptoms). The scan displayed relatively well demonstrated caudate nuclei bilaterally, apparently normal uptake of activity in the left putamen but reduction in uptake the right putamen/posterior striatum (Benamer et al Scale grade 1). 2 There was evidence of abnormal functioning of the dopamine transporters on presynaptic dopaminergic neurons (Figure 1). All those scan findings were suggestive of idiopathic PD rather than DIP. DAT uptake in the striatum is significantly decreased even in early stages of PD ( pre-synaptic dopaminergic receptor deficit) as the motor symptoms of PD do not appear until 60-80% of dopaminergic neurons degenerate. Most drugs have no affinity for the pre-synaptic dopaminergic receptors. DAT scan may show symmetric uptake in the bilateral striatum in patients with pure DIP, even in cases of significant Parkinsonism. However the sensitivity and specificity of DAT in diagnosing DIP needs further evaluation. 1 The clinical diagnosis of DIP requires remission of symptoms on withdrawal of the implicated drug. However, in some cases symptoms can persist, progress or reappear after initial disappearance of Parkinsonism. 1 Interestingly, Lewy bodies (a pathological hallmark of idiopathic PD but not helpful in clinical diagnosis) have been demonstrated in autopsy of two DIP patients who recovered after stopping the offending drug. 3 Lithium, an infrequent cause of Parkinsonism was thought to act by depleting Dopamine stores at the Striatum or by increasing central cholinergic activity. 4 We surmise that Lithium (even within therapeutic range) might have unmasked the latent or preclinical stages of Parkinsonism in our patient. 1 S Bhattacharjee, R Yela, G Chadwick St Columcille's Hospital, Loughlinstown, Co Dublin Email: email@example.com


The Maxwell-Klein-Gordon equations in 2+1 dimensions in temporal gauge are locally well-posed for low regularity data even below energy level. The corresponding (3+1)-dimensional case was considered by Yuan. Fundamental for the proof is a partial null structure in the nonlinearity which allows to rely on bilinear estimates in wave-Sobolev spaces by d'Ancona, Foschi and Selberg, on an $(L^p_x L^q_t)$ - estimate for the solution of the wave equation, and on the proof of a related result for the Yang-Mills equations by Tao.


A lack of data collection on conscious mobility behaviors has been identified in current sustainable and smart mobility planning, development and implementation strategies. This leads to technocentric solutions that do not place people and their behavior at the center of new mobility solutions in urban centers around the globe. This paper introduces the concept of conscious mobility to link techno-economic analyses with user awareness on the impact of their travel decisions on other people, local urban infrastructure and the environment through systematic big data collection. A preliminary conscious mobility indicator framework is presented to leverage behavioral considerations to enhance urban-community mobility systems. Key factors for conscious mobility analysis have been derived from five case studies. The sample offers regional diversity (i.e., local, regional and the global urban contexts), as well as different goals in the transformation of conventional urban transport systems, from improving public transport efficiency and equipment electrification to mitigate pollution and climate risks, to focusing on equity, access and people safety. The case studies selected provide useful metrics on the adoption of cleaner, smarter, safer and more autonomous mobility technologies, along with novel people-centric program designs to build an initial set of conscious mobility indicators frameworks. The parameters were applied to the city of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon in Mexico focusing on the needs of the communities that work, study and live around the local urban campus of the Tecnologico de Monterrey's Distrito Tec. This case study, served as an example of how conscious mobility indicators could be applied and customized to a community and region of interest. This paper introduces the first application of the conscious mobility framework for urban communities' mobility system analysis. This more holistic assessment approach includes dimensions such as society and culture, infrastructure and urban spaces, technology, government, normativity, economy and politics, and the environment. The expectation is that the conscious mobility framework of analysis will become a useful tool for smarter and sustainable urban and mobility problem solving and decision making to enhance the quality of life all living in urban communities.


The Model for Assessing Links Between Ecosystems (MALBEC) is a policy gaming tool with potential to explore the impacts of climate change, harvest policies, hatchery policies, and freshwater habitat capacity changes on salmon at the North Pacific scale. This article provides background information on the MALBEC project, methods, input data, and preliminary results pertaining to (1) hatchery versus wild salmon production in the North Pacific Ocean, (2) rearing, movement, and interactions among Pacific salmon populations in marine environments, (3) marine carrying capacities, density-dependent growth, and survival in Pacific salmon stocks, and (4) climate impacts on productivity in salmon habitat domains across the North Pacific. The basic modeling strategy underlying MALBEC follows the full life cycle of salmon and allows for density-dependence at multiple life stages, and it includes spatially explicit ecosystem considerations for both freshwater and marine habitat. The model is supported by a data base including annual run sizes, catches, spawning escapements, and hatchery releases for 146 regional stock groups of hatchery and wild pink, chum, and sockeye salmon around the North Pacific for the period 1952–2006. For this historical period, various hypotheses about density-dependent interactions in the marine environment are evaluated based on the goodness-of-fit between simulated and observed annual run sizes. Based on the information we used to inform our ocean migration table, interactions among stocks that originate from geographically distant regions are greatest in the Bering Sea in summer–fall and in the eastern subArctic in winter–spring. While the model does not reproduce the observed data for some specific stock groups, it does predict the same overall production pattern that was observed by reconstructing run sizes with catch and escapement data alone. Our preliminary results indicate that simulations that include density-dependent interactions in the ocean yield better fits to the observed run-size data than those simulations without density-dependent interactions in the ocean. This suggests that for any level of ocean productivity, the ocean will only support a certain biomass of fish but that this biomass could consist of different combinations of stocks, stock numbers and individual fish sizes. MALBEC simulations illustrate this point by showing that under scenarios of Pacific-wide reduced hatchery production, the total number of wild Alaskan chum salmon increases, and that such increases are large where density-dependent effects on survival are large and small where they are not. Under scenarios with reduced freshwater carrying capacities for wild stocks, the impacts of density-dependent interactions also lead to relative increases in ocean survival and growth rates for stocks using ocean habitats where density-dependence is large. All correspondence should be addressed to N. Mantua. e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com The Salmon MALBEC Project: A North Pacific-scale Study to Support Salmon Conservation Planning Nathan J. Mantua1, Nathan G. Taylor1, Gregory T. Ruggerone2, Katherine W. Myers1, David Preikshot3, Xanthippe Augerot4, Nancy D. Davis1, Brigitte Dorner5, Ray Hilborn1, Randall M. Peterman5, Peter Rand6, Daniel Schindler1, Jack Stanford7, Robert V. Walker1, and Carl J. Walters3 1School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195-5020, USA 2Natural Resources Consultants, Inc., 4039 21st Avenue West, Suite 404207, Seattle, WA 98199, USA 3Fisheries Centre, 2204 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada 4Pangaea Consulting, LLC, 1615 SE Bethel Street, Corvallis, OR 97333-1251, USA 5School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada 6The Wild Salmon Center, 721 NW 9th Ave, Suite 300, Portland, OR 97209, USA 7Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, 32125 Bio Station Lane, Polson, MT 59860-6815, USA