Design of fast, efficient electrocatalysts for energy production and energy utilization requires a systematic approach to predict and tune the energetics of reaction intermediates and the kinetic barriers between them as well as to tune reaction conditions (e.g., concentration of reactants, acidity of the reaction medium, and applied electric potential). Thermodynamics schemes based on the knowledge of pKa values, hydride donor ability, redox potentials, and other relevant thermodynamic properties have been demonstrated to be very effective for exploring possible reaction pathways. We seek to identify high-energy intermediates, which may represent a catalytic bottleneck, and low-energy intermediates, which may represent a thermodynamic sink. In this study, working on a well-established Ni-based bioinspired electrocatalyst for H2 production, we performed a detailed kinetic analysis of the catalytic pathways to assess the limitations of our current (standard state) thermodynamic analysis with respect to pre...


The objective was to explain interprefectural migrations at marriage in Japan by personal factors and ecological variables using a nested logit model derived from a random-utility choice theory. The 1986 Institute of Population Problems (IPP) Migration Survey data of a sample of 7825 households relating to 4 levels of education first job marriage personal attributes place and time of birth and sibling status were utilized. The final sample of 11470 persons (49.3% male and 51.7% female) comprised 6307 head (5620 males and 687 females) and 5163 spouses (5129 females and 34 males). The observed departure rates showed that 15.2% of potential migrants did migrate among prefectures at marriage. The 1980 census indicated that interprefectural departure rates for the 20-24 and 25-29 and 30-34 age groups were 6.7% 5.1% and 3.4% respectively. Marriage raised local and long-distance migrations: the female departure rate was 22.9% and the male rate was 7.3%. Difference in prefectures of residence induced migration: only 4.2% females departed if both lived in the same prefecture but 88.3% did if living in different prefectures (the rates for males were 4.2% and 18.8%). The departure rate was 6.5 for males living together with parents vs. 8.1% for those not living together. In contrast 23.7% of females living with parents departed vs. 20.2% of females not living in the parental home. Among nonnatives the rate of migration was 13.1% for males and 32.7% for females compared with the figures of 4.7% for native males and 20.8% for native females. Increasing levels of education tended to increase departure rates (12.4% male and 42.5% female university graduates); surplus sibling status increased migration; the postwar economic boom increased migration; and large metropolitan regions had high rates while most remote prefectures had low rates of migration. The destination choice model showed the influence of distance and linguistic similarity.


To overcome the deficiencies of traditional disturbance observers in the presence of measurement uncertainty, an integral‐type observer‐based control using measured signals is proposed. The integral‐type observer is in terms of an explicit integral‐algebra form of measured signals. As a combination of the integral‐type observer and high‐gain controller, the observer‐based control is a proportional‐integral‐derivative control with special combination of parameters for feedback linearization, simple in structure and easy in implementation. Without the observer, the high‐gain controller alone may not have good control performance, but the proposed observer‐based control works very well in stabilizing the system even when the observer performance is not good enough, due to the use of the high‐gain control. The main results are applied to the control of a two‐wheeled inverted pendulum.


Cartoon showing Britannia, terrified, faint, and dishevelled, sitting on the ground supported by Addington and Hawkesbury, and defended by Sheridan, a Silenus-like and ragged Harlequin. They are on the Dover coast, towards which are advancing many rowboats filled with little French soldiers, lead by Napoleon. The distant French coast is covered with troops marching towards the shore.


This paper discusses grain security in Guanzhong basin based on the model of cultivated land pressure index and minimum area of per capita cultivated land through using Lotus 123 for Windows software and setting up the databases of " people-cultivated land-grain production ". The area of cultivated land and population of the region in 2015 were predicted and regression analytic approach was adopted for estimation of total grain output and farmland productivity, calculating the minimum area of per capita farmland and pressure index of cultivated land in 2015 in the region. At the same time chemical fertilize application, mechanical demand and irrigating water consumption for agricultural production by 2015 were also predicted in the region. In addition, possible socioeconomic and environmental problems caused by grain production were estimated and recommendations were suggested. The research results shown that: 1) minimum area of per capita cultivated land in Guanzhong basin in 1999 was 0.77 hm\+2 and pressure index of cultivated land was 0.88. It implies the grain supply in the region is generally abundant. For sub-regions, the grain supply in Xian and Tongchuan is not optimistic and grain supply does not meet its demand. Grain supply in Baoji, Xianyang , Weinan and Yanglin are relatively ample;2) It is predicted that grain yield per unit land and population would increase constantly by 2015, but the cultivated land would decrease continuously. Under the grain consumption level for well-off society, cultivated land pressure index K is 1.01. It implies that by 2015 the cultivated land pressure in Guanzhong basin would obviously increase compared with 1999 and would exceed the safe cordon of cultivated land pressure.The indexes in 2015 among sub-districts of Guanzhong basin would exceed the level in 1999, especially in Xi'an and Tongchuan. With the grain demand increase, more and more inputs such as machinery, chemical fertilizer would be needed and grain price would hike by a large margin, thus foundation for the stability of socioeconomic development would be shaken. On the other hand, application of more chemical inputs would directly threaten ecological environment, especially water environment Therefore, it is recommended that in Guanzhong basin the loss of cultivated land should be controlled effectively and the land using for grain production should be guaranteed and agricultural production should be strengthened through technology innovation and variety amendment as well as effective development of eco-agriculture.


Silicon on Insulator (SOI)CMOS is widely regarded as a very attractive and mature technology for the realization of low-voltage low-power digital, analog and microwave circuits, as well as sensors and MEMS. The present chapter firstly reviews the tremendous process, device and circuits advantages of SOI technology with regards to conventional bulk Si CMOS, in view of showing how they can be combined to integrate high-performance intelligent/ smart micro-systems.Secondly, two cases of study demonstrate theoretical devlopments and experimental results targeting the implementation of such smart systems featuring on one hand, power minimization fir e.g. wireless operation and/or biomedical applications in hostile environments.


Traditional sensing models assume one or a few powerful sensors and centralized computation. Today, technological trends enable the creation of inexpensive, small, intelligent devices for sensing and actuation. If many small sensors can work together as a sensor network, they provide several advantages over traditional centralized sensing. By placing the sensor close to the object being sensed, signal processing and target discrimination problems in sensing can be greatly simplified. By communicating over several short hops rather than one long hop, energy consumed in communication can be reduced [29]. Moreover, by processing data in the network, often the amount of data transfered can be reduced, further saving energy [22]. Motivated by robustness, scaling, and energy efficiency requirements, this paper examines a new data dissemination paradigm for such sensor networks. This paradigm, which we call directed diffusion1, is data-centric. Data generated by sensor nodes is named by attribute-value pairs. A node requests data by sending interests for named data. Data matching the interest is then "drawn" down towards that node. Intermediate nodes can cache, or transform data, and may direct interests based on previously cached data (Section 3). Directed diffusion is significantly different from IP-style communication where nodes are identified by their endpoints, and inter-node communication is layered on an end-


Measurements of near-bottom velocity profiles in 85 m water depth during a storm on the continental shelf off northern California using the GEOPROBE tripod in December 1979 provided estimates of shear velocities, u*, and roughness lengths, Z0, when the near-bottom velocity profiles were logarithmic. These estimates agree within 90% confidence intervals with values computed from a simple near-bottom combined wave-current model that includes movable bed effects. The reasonably good comparison between model and profile estimates of u* suggests that such models can be used to predict bed shear stresses (or shear velocities) under combined flows of waves and currents typical of stormy conditions on continental shelves if stratification corrections to the velocity profile resulting from suspended sediment are small. The repeated occurrences of storms of similar intensities and wind velocities during the winter months off northern California suggest that the resultant high bottom stresses due to the combined effects of waves and currents are major factors in controlling the distribution of surficial sediment on the central portion of the northern California shelf.


Keratins are proteins that form hard fibers, present in wool, horns and hoofs, feathers etc. The feathers consist of up to 10% of total chicken weight. Uncontrolled disposal of feathers from the poultry slaughterhouses industry is troublesome to environment. Primary purification phase is necessary for isolating the keratin from other materials. The present work was conducted to isolate the chicken feathers and to extract the keratin from processed biomass. The purification was conducted by washing with ddH2O, detergents and ether and lastly again with boiled water at (100oC). Reducing agents used were sodium sulfide and sodium sulfite. The precipitates obtained in the form of pellet were washed 2-3 times with ddH2O in order to remove foul smell and residues of sodium sulfide and HCl can be washed properly. To prepare the soluble form sodium hydroxide was added. Among the reducing agents tested Sodium sulfide showed good dissolving power as compared to others. Sodium sulfide with 0.3M and 0.5M concentrations dissolved the chicken feather efficiently. Keratin protein was dialyzed by ddH2O using cellulose membrane (12 MWCO) which retained the protein size ~12 kDa. The concentration of keratin was studied by Bradford method (1.6mg/ml) and physiochemical characterization was done by FTIR and TGA analysis. The presence of alkane, carboxylic acid, amine, thiocarbonyl
groups and disulfide bond was confirmed by FTIR analysis. The purified keratin is a promising substrate for the synthesis of cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.


The aim of this paper is to construct generating functions for m‐dimensional unification of the Bernstein basis functions. We give some properties of these functions. We also give derivative formulas and a recurrence relation of the m‐dimensional unification of the Bernstein basis functions with help of their generating functions. By combining the m‐dimensional unification of the Bernstein basis functions with m variable functions on simplex and cube, we give m‐dimensional unification of the Bernstein operator. Furthermore, by applying integrals method including the Riemann integral, the q‐integral, and the p‐adic integral to some identities for the (q‐) Bernstein basis functions, we derive some combinatorial sums including the Bernoulli numbers and Euler numbers and also the Stirling numbers and the Cauchy numbers (the Bernoulli numbers of the second kind).


Objectives The aim was to study the cause-specific mortality of users of the emergency department (ED) who received a diagnosis of alcohol use disorder (AUD) in comparison with mortality of other users of the department. Design A population-based prospective cohort study. Participants All patients aged 18 years and above who were subsequently discharged home from the ED during the years 2002–2008. A total of 107 237 patients were followed by record linkage to a nationwide cause-of-death registry: 1210 patients with AUD as the main discharge diagnosis and 106 027 patients in the comparison group. HR and 95% CIs were calculated. Setting ED at Landspitali—the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. The hospital offers tertiary care and is the number one trauma centre and community hospital for the greater Reykjavik area. According to the population registry, 78% of the inhabitants of the area attended the ED during the study period. Results 72 patients died in the AUD group and 4807 in the comparison group. The adjusted HR for all causes of death was 1.91 (95% CI 1.51 to 2.42). The HR for AUDs was 47.68 (95% CI 11.56 to 196.59) while for alcohol liver disease the HR was 19.06 (95% CI 6.07 to 59.87). The HR was also elevated for diseases of the circulatory system: HR 2.52 (95% CI 1.73 to 3.68); accidental poisoning: HR=13.64, (95% CI 3.98 to 46.73); suicide: HR=2.72 (95% CI 1.08 to 6.83); and event of undetermined intent: HR=10.89 (95% CI 4.53 to 26.16). Conclusions AUD as the discharge diagnosis at the ED, among patients who were not admitted to a hospital ward but discharged home, predicts increased mortality. As the results conclusively show the vulnerability of these patients, one can question whether their needs are adequately met at the ED.


We outline a new method for computing automorphism groups and performing isomorphism testing for soluble groups. We derive procedures for computing polycyclic presentations for soluble automorphism groups, allowing for much more efficient calculations.
Finally, we demonstrate how these methods can be extended to tackle some non-soluble
groups. Performance statistics are included for an implementation of these algorithms in
the MAGMA [BCP97] language.


ABSTRACT Over the past decade, the remote-sensing community has eagerly adopted unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) as a cost-effective means to capture imagery at spatial and temporal resolutions not typically feasible with manned aircraft and satellites. The rapid adoption has outpaced our understanding of the relationships between data collection methods and data quality, causing uncertainties in data and products derived from UAS and necessitating exploration into how researchers are using UAS for terrestrial applications. We synthesize these procedures through a meta-analysis of UAS applications alongside a review of recent, basic science research surrounding theory and method development. We performed a search of the Web of Science (WoS) database on 17 May 2017 using UAS-related keywords to identify all peer-reviewed studies indexed by WoS. We manually filtered the results to retain only terrestrial studies () and further categorized results into basic theoretical studies (), method development (), and applications (). After randomly selecting a subset of applications (), we performed an in-depth content analysis to examine platforms, sensors, data capture parameters (e.g. flight altitude, spatial resolution, imagery overlap, etc.), preprocessing procedures (e.g. radiometric and geometric corrections), and analysis techniques. Our findings show considerable variation in UAS practices, suggesting a need for establishing standardized image collection and processing procedures. We reviewed basic research and methodological developments to assess how data quality and uncertainty issues are being addressed and found those findings are not necessarily being considered in application studies.


AIMS
The study aimed to present a broad overview of the research conducted and to synthesize evidence of the utility of nonpharmacological interventions for pain management in medical and surgical abortions.

BACKGROUND
High-quality care for medical and surgical abortion requires pain to be managed effectively. However, women reported low satisfaction with pain management in abortion care.

DESIGN
A scoping review design was employed.

DATA SOURCES
No date limit was set. PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest and Scopus were searched in April 2021.

REVIEW METHODS
Arksey and O'Malley's framework was used. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analysis extension-Scoping Reviews was followed.

RESULTS
Fifteen studies were included. The results revealed that support interventions, music therapy, acupoint stimulation and hypnotic analgesia were nonpharmacological interventions used to decrease abortion pain.

CONCLUSIONS
Clinical nurses, nurse managers and policymakers should attach full importance to the pain management in abortion and may use the study findings to guide the pain management practice.


There is wide disagreement between experimental investigations and correlations for heat transfer during condensation in micro-channels. The major problem is the fact that the vapor-side resistance is usually appreciably smaller than that on the coolant side so that methods where only the overall resistance is measured, and the vapor-side heat transfer coefficient obtained by subtraction of resistances, are prone to large uncertainty. A few more recent correlations, based mainly on data for R134a, are in fair agreement when predictions for R134a and for the same conditions are compared. The fact that wide discrepancies are found when the correlations are used for fluids with widely different properties indicates that some or all of the correlations do not capture all of the essential mechanisms. That closely similar predictions are found when the correlations are applied to R134a indicates that the datasets used in the different studies were in essential agreement. Similar comments apply for pressure drop. The special case of annular laminar condensate flow permits wholly theoretical solution without recourse to empirical input. For this mode of condensation and for specified fluid, channel geometry, flow parameters and tube wall temperatures, local heat transfer-coefficient, and local pressure gradient can be calculated as well as local quality and void fraction. The theory is outlined in the article, and recent developments are discussed. Comparisons with the correlations for heat transfer and pressure gradient are given. For the heat transfer coefficient, the results of the annular flow theory are in surprisingly good agreement with the correlations when applied to R134a. For ammonia, the theoretical results lie between the widely spread values obtained from the correlations. Results for pressure gradient given by the annular laminar flow model are generally lower than those given by the correlations.


Qualitative longitudinal research is a useful method for studying adolescent development, not least because the dimension of temporality in the analysis of longitudinal studies can help researchers understand the complexity of transitions during this unique and dynamic life stage. The Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence programme is a multi-year cross-country longitudinal study of adolescents in low- and middle-income countries. This article presents the methodological opportunities and challenges involved in analyzing such datasets, and seeks to offer insights for researchers undertaking qualitative longitudinal research. To ensure that both breadth and depth of such data are accurately represented in the analysis, a range of analytical approaches can be used. In this article, we provide key examples of how this data has been analyzed across a cohort of adolescent participants, exploring changes both pre- and post-Covid-19 including interactions with critical health and education services, and within individual life histories, exploring individual adolescent trajectories over multiple time points. Furthermore, we highlight how including caregivers' and key informants' perspectives can enhance triangulation of results. We show the importance of using a range of different approaches when analyzing a qualitative longitudinal dataset.


Objective:To investigate the relationship of the cells Grim-19expression with pathological grade and clinical stage of bladder cancer.Methods:Western blot methods were used to detect the expression of GRIM-19in cancer tissues and para-carcinoma tissue of 50patients with bladder cancer and normal tissues of 38cases.The relationship of these indicators with bladder cancer pathological grade and clinical stage was analyzed.Results:There was significant difference in GRIM-19expression among cancer tissue,para-carcinoma tissue and normal bladder tissue difference(P0.01),the difference was also significant between cancer tissue and para-carcinoma tissue(P0.05).The expression was significantly decreased as declining clinical stage(P0.01);expression at clinical stage T2to T4was significantly higher than it at Tis-T1(P0.01);the expression was significantly lower in cases with metastasis(P0.01).GRIM-19protein expression was positively correlated with pathological grade,clinical stage and metastasis.Conclusion:GRIM-19can be used as an indicator for determination of bladder cancer prognosis.


potential in the guinea pig auditory cortex Component analysis reveals sharp tuning of the local field You might find this additional info useful...


Peen forming is a method of bending a metal plate by generating plastic strain near its surface when colliding with steel shots. In this study, the effect of coverage on the curvature after single-sided and double-sided peen forming of a high-strength aluminum alloy plate was investigated by experiments and finite element method (FEM) analysis. In the experiment, the curvature increased as the coverage increased in single-sided peen forming. In double-sided peen forming under the same peening conditions for both sides, the curvature is smaller than that after single-sided peening. FEM analysis was performed as follows. In step 1, multiple shot collisions were analyzed by the dynamic explicit FEM. In step 2, the plastic strain distributions analyzed in step 1 were input to the specimen to analyze the deformation by the static implicit FEM. FEM analysis results agreed with the experimental results in single-sided peen forming. In double-sided peen forming, the plastic strain distribution was calculated considering the residual stress distribution near the second surface after single-sided peen forming, and the analysis results agreed with the experimental results. A method of approximate calculation of the curvature was proposed, in which the plastic strain distribution was expressed as a function of coverage and initial stress. The curvature after single-sided and double-sided peen forming could be easily predicted by this method under various peening conditions. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.P-M2021818]


To the Editor: Multidisciplinary team-provided therapeutic interventions for cleft-craniofacial conditions have evolved dramatically over time, but the most common outcome measures remain, including indirect and direct metrics of the disease/condition status and morbimortality. These clinician-derived metrics continue to be relevant to the measurement of outcomes, but they may be influenced by a trained professional's choice or motivation, and they are susceptible to variations unrelated to the patient's true clinical status or patient-specific opinions and feelings. Limitations in clinicians' appraisal of the influence of a cleft-craniofacial condition and its therapeutic interventions on patients' appearance, function, and well-being as well as patient-derived satisfaction with care and desire for revisionary surgery have been revealed. Patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) capture and evaluate the care delivered from the patient's perspective, without interpretation of their responses by a clinician or anyone else. For cleft-craniofacial care to align with patient-centered care principle (ie, provision of care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences and needs, ensuring that these patient-specific elements guide all clinical decisions), it is paramount that the cleftand craniofacial-specific PROMs (FACE-Q, FACE-Q Kids, CLEFTQ, and VELO instruments) are incorporated in clinical and research settings. However, these tools have been seldom implemented in routine practice because they do not fit into the traditional clinician visit. For this implementation, foundational work addressing methodological and operational challenges is required. In this essay, we address the features of workflows and strategies (Figs. 1 and 2) for the use of condition-specific PROMs in routine cleft-craniofacial practice. This was based on our accumulated experience during the process of linguistic validation of the FACE-Q tool into Mandarin-Chinese language and FACE-Q Kids, VELO, and CLEFT-Q tools into BrazilianPortuguese language as well as the use of these PROMs in outcome research and private and public practice settings managing patients with cleft deformities and other congenital and acquired cranio-orbito-facial-dental conditions. To implement a PROM program within a cleft-craniofacial center, it is necessary to develop a pipeline for change built on a workflow model with realistic implementational strategies (Fig. 1). To attenuate personnel resistance to change, it is important to convince and engage members of the multidisciplinary cleftcraniofacial team in the process. To raise the necessary resources, different models of public, public–private, and civil society partnerships with local and international alliances can be applied. If not available in the primary language of the targeted population, the PROMs require a culture-specific linguistic and psychometric validation process. Key features of the translated PROMs should also be defined, including classical test theory psychometrics, reliability, validity, responsiveness, minimal importance differences, and reference scores. Because problems identified by PROMs should trigger further clinical initiatives, PROM scores should be interpreted in real time with actions applied accordingly. Clinicians should acquire proper training for the development of best practice habits and attitudes based not only on the proper selection, application, and interpretation of PROMs but also on promoting patient-centered communication, that is, helping patients to share decision-making power by offering meaningful involvement in choices related to their health (called PROmunication). As most clinicians do not have an in-depth background in psychometrics, a channel for direct communication between them and psychometricians should be created. It is important to define the specific times over the longitudinal care period to apply the PROMs as well as to collect sociodemographic and clinically relevant covariables, as the appraisal of PROM data collected in retrospect does not produce the essential insights into elements likely associated with PROM scores. The administration of PROMs should be adjustable to the specific features and flow of patient care to maximize clinician-patient communication and time. Employing a dedicated PROM supervisor and electronic data capture could attenuate potential administrative workload-related problems. Before widespread application, the FIGURE 1. Key strategies for delineation and implementation of the PROM program are depicted in an integrated multistep workflow. A team member designed as the PROM manager acts not only as the implementer but also as a proponent and disseminator of PROM-oriented organizational, implementation, and practical activities to create a ''domino effect'' on the other members. Routine collection of PROM data could not only enrich the clinicianpatient encounter (Fig. 2) but also could improve observational research by introducing information from the patient perspective and reducing the need for additional interventions to collect data from patients. IRB, Institutional Review Board; PROM, patient-reported outcome measure.


Central and local government relationship is an important issue for the construction of rule of law in China.The traditional,simplex administrative way can not effectively solve problems of central and local government relationship in China,and even push the development of central and local government relationship to mess.The key to walk out of the mess is to realize rule of law in current Chinese central and local government relationship.To promote the realization of rule of law in current Chinese central and local government relationship,we should abide by the principle of reservation of law,and perfect purview division system,power supervision system,etc.


The objective of this work is to present an exergy analysis of a novel absorption configuration using water-ammonia as working fluid. The proposed configuration operates at three pressure levels. The absorber is at an intermediate pressure (Pint). A thermodynamic model based on the mass energy and exergy balances is developed for this purpose. The parameters analyzed are the refrigeration systems performance (COP), the exergy efficiency, the global exergy destruction in the system, the exergy destruction and the irreversibility in different components. The effects of generator, absorber, condenser and evaporator on the performance of the system are examined. Numerical results highlight the great importance of the intermediate pressure on the performance of the system and specially on reducing the operating generator temperature. Consequently, the intermediate pressure is directly responsible on the adaptability of the proposed cooling absorption cycle to low enthalpy sources.


Activated carbon is essential in adsorption process of different dye and metals from waste streams. The molecular size of different species is different. So they could have some restriction to move into the pore in activated carbons smaller than their molecule size. In this regards a study is conducted to evaluate the adsorption characteristics of zinc chloride and phosphoric acid impregnated activated carbon. Methylene blue (MB) and nitrogen having two distinct molecular sizes are adsorbed to evaluate the adsorption characteristics of the activated carbons. Nitrogen molecules have access into smaller pores compared to MB molecules. Nitrogen adsorption test shows higher specific surface area compared to MB adsorption test. In methylene adsorption test, phosphoric acid impregnated activated carbon shows higher specific surface area (646 m2 g-1) compared to that of zinc chloride impregnated activated carbon (599 m2 g-1). In contrast zinc chloride shows higher specific surface area (927 m2 g-1) compared to that of phosphoric acid impregnated activated carbon (718 m2 g-1) in liquid nitrogen adsorption test. This happened because zinc chloride could develop smaller size pore in higher degree compared phosphoric acid during activation process. Results show that development of pore size is affected by two different agents. MB and nitrogen adsorption test reveals that zinc chloride activated material produced more number of small pores compared to phosphoric acid activated material. From this study it is concluded that the desired size of pores in activated carbon could be achieved for adsorption of species with specific molecular diameter by varying the type of activation agents.


The purpose of this paper is to study the relevance of ownership and CEOs' characteristics in the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. Specifically, it is proposed that ownership structure characterised by the presence of large shareholders is related to CSR activities and that such relationship may be mediated by the CEOs' profile in accordance to the Agency-Stewardship approach. The results of a mediation analysis on a sample of 101 companies in Spain show that those with a higher ownership concentration tend to be run by managers whose profile is closer to the steward than the agent model and to be more involved in CSR activities. Our findings also support the existence of the suggested mediating effect. This paper goes further than existing research on owners and top managers as determinants of CSR and unveils new ways to address this topic empirically.


Phosphorene is a promising candidate for gas sensing materials. This letter describes our study of the adsorption of SF6 and SF6 decomposition gases (SO2 and H2 S) on phosphorene. We used first principles calculations to explore phosphorene's potential applications as gas sensor to diagnose the state of online gas insulated switchgear (GIS). The calculation results showed that only the adsorption of SO2 induced a moderate adsorption energy and apparent charge transfer. We further investigated the current–voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) relationships before and after gas absorption through the non-equilibrium Green's function method. It was found that only SO2 induced a dramatic change in the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> relationships. Therefore, phosphorene appears to be a promising candidate for highly sensitive and selective SF6 decomposition gas sensors for online GIS diagnosis.


Summary. This article presents an analysis of the work of a doctor-surgeon-dentist in Preventive Department of Uzhhorod Regional Dental Clinic in 2012–2016. Statistical processing of medical practice data is an important factor in assessing its professional activity, the completeness of duties, and the quality of providing surgical dental services.The aim of the study – to analyze the work of dental surgeon for the period of 5 years.Materials and Methods. According to the authors of most practitioners and dental surgeons, basic problems of organization of dental care are uneven labour load and distribution of surgical-dental care. This analysis of the work of a surgeon in the future will be able to improve the development of mechanisms for qualified medical assistance and improve the efficiency of the functioning of the dental service as a part of the health care system.Results and Discussion. Analyzing the work of a dental surgeon for five years in the study was given monthly performance reporting. The load during the year on the doctor dental surgeon was uneven. Fluctuations in cabinet loading can be explained by fluctuations in the distribution of holiday days and periods of temporary disability of the clinic staff. Accordingly, monthly in the office was worked out from 19.17 to 19.50 working changes. The data shown in the work clearly confirm the theory of cyclicity and seasonality of patient referrals for surgical-dental care, which in turn corresponds to caries morbidity and its complications according to statistical data.Conclusions. As can be seen from the analysis of the obtained data, the surgeon-surgeon dentist over 5 years completed a large amount of medical work, which required a profound knowledge of the methods of examination of patients, differential diagnosis, manual skills and abilities. Must constantly improve their skills while on pre-courses prove proficiency to apply effective methods of pharmacotherapy.


An Equal Right to Addiction Laura A. Schmidt, PhD Professor School of Medicine University of California, San Francisco 3333 California Street, Suite 265 San Francisco, CA 94143 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Telephone #: (415) 476-0440 Word Count: 779 Declaration of Interest: None Keywords: gender, addiction, substance use, substance use disorders, feminism


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We propose a method that visualizes the topic structure of medical interviews to provide doctors with clues found in the complete narratives. We collected 15 simulated interviews in an education field and conducted the following analysis to evaluate the utility of our proposed method. By applying it to the 15 interviews, we classified the following three topics: core, expansion, and local. In review sessions with interview participants, interview contents and flows were supported by the topic structure.


A sporadic female case of German extraction is reported with triphalangeal thumbs and brachy‐ectrodactyly, which to our knowledge has been observed in only two Mexican families up to now. Apart from the previously described symptoms, in this case symphalangism of toes and partial duplication of one big toe occurred. The wide variability and differential diagnosis of this rare autosomal dominant disorder are discussed.


The demand for more food has to meet overcoming challenges such as, rising climate change, extreme weather conditions and environmental impact that results, intensive farming practise. Smart farming through the use of IOT technologies will help the farmers to reduce the generated waste and improve productivity. So, smart farming through the use of IoT technologies will help farmer's productivity. And, such that the utility of fertilizer in high amount can be reduced. Internet of Things (IOT) is re-modelling the agriculture enabling the farmers with the wide range of techniques such as precision and sustainable agriculture to face challenges in the field. IOT technology helps in collecting information about conditions like weather, moisture, temperature Crop online monitoring enables detection of weed, level of water, crop growth, and agriculture. IOT leverages farmers to get connected to his farm from anywhere and anytime. Wireless sensor networks are used for monitoring the farm conditions and micro controllers are used to control and automate the farm processes. With help of this mobile robot, we help the farmers to frame a proper image of work place with the factors of following (A) Environmental Temperature and Humidity (B) Detect the toxic gases available in that particular environment (C) Online monitoring of crop (D) Crop Growth etc.,.,


As empirical evidence that human activities are affecting the global climate increases, so do efforts to identify and evaluate climate mitigation and adaptation options. Forest managers and policy makers around the world are increasingly participating in and following such efforts, since forestry activities (e.g., reforestation, slowing deforestation, or improved forest management) could in principle play an important role within the set of climate-change mitigation strategies. According to the last IPCC assessment (Watson et al. 1996), initiatives to slow deforestation, promote natural forest regeneration and create a global forestation program (plantations and agroforestry) have the potential to offset 12–15 percent of global fossil fuel carbon emissions from 1995 and 2050. More than two-thirds of such opportunities exist in the tropics. While the magnitude of these numbers indicates a potential role for landand forestry-based projects as carbon sinks, questions have been raised over the feasibility of such projects as mitigation strategies, especially in developing countries. These questions stem from concerns about environmental integrity reflected in the requirements of Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol, which clarifies the potential role of developing countries in climate-change mitigation. Their key role comes within the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Developing countries can contribute carbon offsets through the CDM only if these offsets are "additional" to what would


External stressors can erode relationship quality, though little is known about what can mitigate these effects. We examined whether COVID-related stressors were associated with lower relationship quality, and whether perceived partner responsiveness—the extent to which people believe their partner understands, validates, and cares for them—buffers these effects. When people in relationships reported more COVID-related stressors they reported poorer relationship quality at the onset of the pandemic (N = 3,593 from 57 countries) and over the subsequent 3 months (N = 1,125). At the onset of the pandemic, most associations were buffered by perceived partner responsiveness, such that people who perceived their partners to be low in responsiveness reported poorer relationship quality when they experienced COVID-related stressors, but these associations were reduced among people who perceived their partners to be highly responsive. In some cases, these associations were buffered over the ensuing weeks of the pandemic.


PurposeThe field of website quality evaluation attracts the interest of a range of disciplines, each bringing its own particular perspective to bear. This study aims to identify the main characteristics – methods, techniques and tools – of the instruments of evaluation described in this literature, with a specific concern for the factors analysed, and based on these, a multipurpose model is proposed for the development of new comprehensive instruments.Design/methodology/approachFollowing a systematic bibliographic review, 305 publications on website quality are examined, the field's leading authors, their disciplines of origin and the sectors to which the websites being assessed belong are identified, and the methods they employ characterised.FindingsEvaluations of website quality tend to be conducted with one of three primary focuses: strategic, functional or experiential. The technique of expert analysis predominates over user studies and most of the instruments examined classify the characteristics to be evaluated – for example, usability and content – into factors that operate at different levels, albeit that there is little agreement on the names used in referring to them.Originality/valueBased on the factors detected in the 50 most cited works, a model is developed that classifies these factors into 13 dimensions and more than 120 general parameters. The resulting model provides a comprehensive evaluation framework and constitutes an initial step towards a shared conceptualization of the discipline of website quality.


Introduction: The formation of gallstones in the gall bladder is very common. It is now considered that approximately 10% to 15% of the adult population has gallstones. It is more frequent in women than men. Etiologies are various and include: age, sex, diet, sudden weight loss, etc. According to the report of the US National Institute of Health, it is estimated that 6.3 million men and 14.2 million women, aged 20-74 years in the United States has calculosis of the gallbladder, due to which every year is performed about 700,000 cholecystectomy. Case report: Male patient, aged about 40 years, admitted at the Clinic and laparoscopic surgery was performed in our department for chronic, as multiple, symptomatic gallbladder calculi. Intraoperative findings showed chronically inflamed, curled gall bladder, and wall thickening. After the first postoperative day there is no content in the drain bag and it is taken out, and the patient leaves the hospital without any problems. The seventh post-operative day occurred abdominal pain, weakness and fatigue, with striking yellow skin and visible mucous membranes. Clinical, laboratory and echo determined abdomen full of fluids, so it was suspected lesion of the bile duct. Urgent revision was performed. Intraoperative was found a lesion of the common bile duct in the form of a complete interruption. Created is anastomosis through transhepatic drain according to Pradera. Early and late postoperative flow was entirely normal with normal laboratory and echofindings. Control, contrast imaging through a drain showed the orderly flow of extrahepatic bile ducts, with minimal extravasation of contrast. Conclusion: At the Department of Surgery of General Hospital in Konjic laparoscopic cholecystectomy is performed since 1999. In the beginning it was done by three trocars (European style), and later, in order to prevent complications or injury of the bile duct is performed surgery with four trocars (American style). The number of complicated procedures in our hospital does not differ from similar indicators in foreign surgical facilities.


TO THE EDITOR:

Prior studies have failed to draw a consensus regarding the best treatment of ovarian vein thrombus (OVT). The purpose of this study is to evaluate if patient outcomes change based on treatment, specifically anticoagulation. Patients who carried any diagnosis containing the words "


Morphological closing is a powerful tool for recovering and smoothing altered structures. Classic morphological closing uses constant and predefined structuring element that is well-adapted to regular shapes. However, the use of such structuring elements may deteriorate the information held by more complex and heterogeneous objects. In this paper, we present a new method for adaptive morphological closing where inertia tensors are used to estimate the geometrical characteristics of local structures and then on high resolution X-ray images of tibial bone microstructure.


Based on evidence of Quaternary sediments and active faulting collected between the Kunlun and Tanggula ranges along the Qinghai-Tibet railway and detailed observation of active faults, authors think that left-lateral strike-slip faulting with large component of normal faulting has been the dominant tectonic regime between the Tuotuo river and Kunlun range during Quaternary.From north to south,the Wudaoliang graben,the Wudaoliang southern fault zone,Fenghuoshan northern fault zone, Erdaogou graben, Wuli northern fault zone,the Caco lake and Zhaliwaco lake grabens and Wuli southern fault zone distribute between the Wudaoliang and the Tuotuo river.The Wudaoliang graben and Erdaogou graben are "S"-shaped and the Caco lake and Zhaliwaco lake grabens are rhomb-shaped, and all grabens are approximately NE-trending. Other faults are WNW-ESE striking or NW-trending and are made up of several left-lateral strike-slip faults with a regular left-lateral en echelon array. Along both the Erdaogou graben margins,Late Quaternary alluvial fans are offset by active normal faults with prominent component of left-lateral strike-slip.The vertical and horizontal slip rates are about 0.5 mm/a and 0.8 to 1.0 mm/a respectively along the faults both the Erdaogou graben margins. The vertical and horizontal slip rates of other faults are more small than those of the faults both the Erdaogou graben margins.The faults result from heterogeneous left-lateral simple shear and form low shear zone which is about 150 km wide from north to south.At the north of the slow shear zone,the Kunlun fault system,which is the most prominent left-lateral slip fault system,forms the high shear zone.The right-lateral shear zone consisting of the south-north-trending rift zones is located at the south of the slow shear zone.The right-lateral and left-lateral shear zones indicate eastward extruding of the Qinghai-Tibet block and absorbed the approximately 30% of the total India-Eurasia convergence on the basis of the results of GPS measurements.


Abstract : According to recent reports (Fan, 1972; and Fan et al. 1973) bancroftian filariasis is still highly prevalent among the local Kinemen Chinese with a microfilarial (mf.) rate of 10%, mf. density/20 cmm of 17, clinical rate of 12%, mosquito infection rate of 10%, and filarial larvae density/infected mosquito of 5.6. Based on the present basic information about the prevalence of filariasis among the local civilian population and regarding the great threat to the health and welfare of young Chinese troops rotatory stationing on the islands of Kinmen, a joint project for filariasis control for a period of five years has been performed. The present study proposes to find more supporting data for comparison of filarial infection in man and mosquito between villages and neighbour camps, and continuously to demonstrate the possibility of military personnel acquiring bancroftian filariasis in the previously selected camps and villages on Kinmen Islands in 1972.


Abstract : The paper discusses the problem of maximizing the long-run average return of a facility with M servers, a queue of capacity N and Poisson arrivals at a rate mu, by selecting the customer upon arrival (case alpha) or upon entry to the service (case beta) according to his offer of a reward R and of an exponential service rate lambda determined by a joint distribution. After formulating the system as a semi-Markov decision process, the author establishes simple recurrence relationships on the critical quantities characterizing the optimal stationary policy pi prime and discusses its structure. (Author)


The PERFECT project indicates the usefulness of a bottom-up approach to performance measurement, especially when the main interest is in the measurement of the process, cost and outcomes of health care episodes of specifi c diseases. A good measurement of costs and outcomes requires follow-up of patients through the whole episode, which can be done only when register data from different sources covering the whole population can be linked. Compared, for example, with other national and international quality databases – such as those of the OECD Health Care Quality Indicator Project (HCQI) and Agency For Healthcare Resources and Quality (AHRQ) – the PERFECT project has gone much deeper into the selected diseases, and also includes both long-term outcomes and costs. Thus PERFECT project makes feasible to relate the cost and outcomes. The performance data can be used for informing health policy in at least two ways. Firstly, it can be used in best-practice benchmarking, in which the various aspects of organisations ' processes will be evaluated in relation to the best practice in a particular disease or health problem. Secondly, it can be used to investigate which measurable and policydriven factors explain the differences between the hospitals and regions. The two approaches complement each other and demonstrate that the indicators are well-suited to the objectives of health policy. The PERFECT project has given a new dimension to the benchmarking of care: the data directly help the local decision-makers, since they can compare their own performance by using not only cost or process indicators, but also outcomes and information on the relationship between costs, processes and outcomes. For managerial purposes, the disease-based approach


The efficacy of the penile vibratory stimulation (Pvs) for semen collection was evaluated in fifteen (15) specimens of white-footed tamarin (S. leucopus), held in captivity, at four different locations. a dditionally the technique was standardized for semen collection in


Support vector regression is used to evaluate the linear and non-linear relationships among variables. Although it is non-parametric technique, it is still affected by outliers, because the possibility to select them as support vectors. In this article, we proposed a robust support vector regression for linear and nonlinear target functions. In order to carry out this goal, the support vector regression model with fixed parameters is used to detect and minimize the effects of abnormal points in the data set. The efficiency of the proposed method is investigated by using real and simulation examples.


In this study, the effects of some edible pigments used in the food industry on pathogenic bacteria were investigated. For this purpose, five natural food colors were selected consisted of curcumin, β-carotene, paprika oleoresin, lycopene and turmeric oleoresin. The impacts of each color on bacterial species including Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated by using disc diffusion method, individually and collectively. The results have shown that, by combining these colors provided some mixtures with reasonable preventative effects against those bacteria; moreover, mixtures which contained curcumin or turmeric oleoresin demonstrated a better inhibitory effect in compare to mixtures lack of those colors. Consequently, the best synergetic inhibitory effect was related to a mixture of curcumin–beta-carotene–paprika (CBP) on Bacillus cereus. Furthermore, based on results, a mixture containing curcumin-lycopene was selected and used in snack coating to investigate the antimicrobial properties of cheese-flavored extruded snacks. Therefore, adding these natural colors to food not only increase their acceptability but also enhance the antimicrobial properties.


Deposits associated with 224 open-basin lakes (OBLs) are classified based on: (1) whether they show evidence for lacustrine deposits; and (2) what post-fluvial-activity processes may have resurfaced them. 104 OBLs show evidence for possible lacustrine deposits that may display primary mineralogy; however, all 224 examined OBLs appear to have been resurfaced to some degree, which may spectrally obscure primary sedimentary minerals. Introduction: A more active hydrologic cycle on the surface of Mars is frequently called on to explain features observed from orbital images that appear to be related to fluvial activity [e.g. 1-5]. Of those features regarded as fluviallyrelated in nature, paleolakes are amongst the most interesting, as they imply a large amount of surface water and are prime candidates for recording past habitable conditions [5]. Paleolakes on Mars have been well catalogued in the past, and can be divided into two major categories: closed-basin lakes and open-basin lakes [e.g. 2, 4, 5]. Closed-basin lakes have only a visible inlet, and are inferred to be paleolakes due to observed morphology of the surrounding terrain (i.e. incised inlet valleys) and the associated deposits [2]. Open-basin lakes (OBLs) on the other hand are classified as having both an observable inlet and outlet valley, meaning the water in the basin must have ponded to at least the level of the outlet valley before breaching and overflowing the basin [2, 5]. The presence of OBLs has very important implications as it requires a period of sustained fluvial activity on the surface of Mars [5]. OBLs have been well catalogued, and over 200 have been observed in the ancient Noachian and Hesperian highlands [5]. Here we present a comprehensive study of the characteristics and morphology of the deposits associated with these OBLs in an attempt to help constrain the history of the fluvial activity that formed these paleolakes. Datasets Used and Methodology: In order to examine the morphology of the OBLs a combination of ~6 m/pixel imagery from the Context Camera (CTX) instrument aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft [6] and ~19 m/pixel imagery from the visible imager portion of the Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) instrument aboard the Mars Odyssey spacecraft was used [7]. Using these data, each OBL was categorized based on two main aspects of their morphology: (1) what type of process appears to have been the most recent cause of OBL resurfacing; and (2) whether the OBL shows evidence for deposits that appear to be lacustrine in nature. Here, we assessed three types of resurfacing processes: glacial, volcanic and unknown. OBLs classified as being glacially resurfaced typically exhibit lobate floor texture and lobate ridges [8] (Fig. 1a). These ridges are differentiated from paleo-shorelines based on their lobate morphology that is not constrained by pre-existing topography, as would be expected for shorelines. The glacially resurfaced OBLs also typically exhibit ring mold craters, evidence for past subsurface ice deposits [9] (Fig. 1a). OBLs classified as being volcanically resurfaced exhibit textural evidence for volcanic flow deposits such as lobate margins, smooth plains deposits that embay older floor deposits and wrinkle ridges (Fig. 1b). OBLs left with an unknown process of resurfacing show clear evidence Figure 1 A) Glacially resurfaced OBL. Lake 286 in OBL catalogue [1], CTX Image P15_006798_1405_XI_39S103W. Black arrows indicate ring mold craters, white arrows indicate glacial flow features. B) Volcanically resurfaced OBL. Lake 96 in OBL catalogue [1], CTX Images B18_016507_1714_XI_08S224W, B06_011839_1743_XN_ 05S224W, and B04_011272_1736_XN_06S224W. White arrows indicate wrinkle ridges and black arrows indicate embayment of floor deposits C) OBL with unknown process of resurfacing. Lake 274 in OBL catalogue [1]. CTX Image P06_003312_2135_XI_33N338W


The use of cytological material for diagnosis and prognosis in patients with neuroblastic tumors is poorly described in the literature.


Mecistogaster Rambur, 1842 is a genus of Pseudostigmatidae with five species distributed from Mexico to Argentina. Four of these occur in Brazil, two of which were recorded on the Atlantic Forest, M. amalia (Burmeister, 1839) and M. linearis (Fabricius, 1776). After examining 140 specimens of Mecistogaster amalia it was possible to conclude that it is a complex of species and three new species are described, M. kesselringi sp. nov., M. mielkei sp. nov. and M. nordestina sp. nov. The males differ from each other mainly by the presence or absence of alula, the area occupied by the reddish-brown color of the mesepimeron and penis structure. The females differ mainly by the region occupied for the pale apical area of wing and epiproct shape. The problem of Burmeister's type of M. amalia is discussed and a neotype is erected for it. Distribution and phenology data are provided. A key for males recorded from Brazilian Atlantic Forest is presented.


The invention discloses a position sensor-free vector control device for a built-in permanent magnetic synchronous motor and belongs to the field of motor control. The position sensor-free vector control device aims to solve the problems that overlarge position observation error is caused during load disturbance, the system is out of control when a position observed value is restrained to an S-pole direction and the position sensor-free low-speed running control performance of the built-in permanent magnetic synchronous motor cannot be improved effectively in the prior art. The position sensor-free vector control device comprises a rotating speed controller unit, a first current controller unit, a second current controller unit, a high-frequency voltage signal generation unit, a straight shaft voltage superposition unit, a coordinate spinning inverse transformation unit, a power converter unit, a low-pass filter unit, a three phase to two phase coordinate transformation unit, a coordinate spinning transformation unit, a high-frequency current signal processing unit, a rotor position observer unit, a rotating speed calculation unit and a current detection sensor. The control devicecan avoid a phenomenon that the system is out-of-control when the position observed value is restrained to the S-pole direction.


A reconfigurable data acqusition and FIR filtering module based on TMS320F2812 digital signal processor was designed according to the practical need of automatic testing system for the helicopter.The module can achieve FIR filtering,FFT spectrum analysis,and communication based on CAN bus.The design of circuit is presented.This paper focuses attention on the realization of the algorithms and the method that the system calls on the filtering algorithm automatically according to the measured signals.The systematic analysis is carried out in combination with the practical application.The result shows that the system meets the requirements of ATS and is available for use.


Cytolethal distending toxin(CDT)is a virulence factor of gram negative bacteria.The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and phylogenetic relationships of CDT genes in different clinical isolates of Haemophilus parasuis.The presence of CDT gene was detected by PCR against three subunits gene of the toxin respectively.Of the 41 clinical isolates from pig farms of Zhejiang province,CDT genes of 21 isolates were sequenced.It shows that CDT gene of three subunits were presented in the genome of all 41 isolates used in this study.CdtA is the most conserved protein with more than 97.8% amino acid sequence identity compared to cdtB and cdtC(both≥92.1%).The catalytic residues in cdtB corresponding to bovine DNase I are highly conserved among all the isolates,which may indicate a key role of cdtB in the activity to induce mammalian cell apoptosis.This artical provide new information which will facilitate study of the biological activity of Haemophilus parasuis CDT.


TO INVOKE the jurisdiction of a federal court over the subject matter of a lawsuit under the Sherman Antitrust Act, a plaintiff physician must demonstrate a logical connection between a denial of privileges and interstate commerce. Ordinarily, a defendant's anticompetitive conduct is subject to Sherman Act scrutiny if it has occurred "within the flow of commerce" or if it has "substantially affected interstate commerce." Hospital Building Co v Trustees of Rex Hospital , 425 US 738, 743 (1976). Since denials of privileges usually relate only to local markets for medical services rather than to interstate transactions, the first test rarely applies in hospital privilege controversies. The federal courts have adopted various approaches with respect to the nature and extent of impact that suffices to establish jurisdiction under the "effect on commerce" test, although a consensus position recently has begun to emerge. Until recently, federal courts remained unconvinced that denials of privileges


The situation of psychology cannot be understood apart from the sociopolitical reality in which it develops. The objective of the following article is to analyze the influence in the therapeutic practice of the preponderance of the capitalist system, the emergence of positive psychology and the technical-medical specialization of the profession. Initially, a review of the sociopolitical development of postmodernism and its influence on the conception of people's mental health is made; and the evolution of positive psychology and the technical-medical specialization of the discipline is developed. Subsequently, it reflects on how the previously described factors could be responsible for iatrogenesis in therapy due to the risk they have of isolating the individual, blaming him and promoting the structure of postmodern oppression. Finally, some alternatives are described to take into account during therapeutic practice with the aim of providing holistic and human care during therapy: promoting social capital, empowering the patient and depathologizing suffering.


Lenin was one of the first political theorists to emphasize the enormous potential impact that manipulation of modern communications channels could have on a recipient population. It may therefore not be surprising that indices of penetration by the communications networks of the world's states suggest that the Soviet pattern is unique. For example, The World Handbook of Political and Social Indicators places groups of states on a developmental spectrum and finds that the Soviet Union, as well as Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Poland, Hungary, East Germany, and Czechoslovakia, are "industrial revolution" societies, one stage behind the more developed "high mass-consumption" societies, where the United States, Canada, and much of Western Europe have been placed. It is true that according to the indices of Gross National Product and urbanization the Soviet-type states do cluster in the range that includes such states as Italy, Argentina, and Venezuela. However, if we look at percentage adult literacy or percentage voting, the Soviet-type states easily rank with the highest "high mass-consumption" societies.


In order to understand and design better shielding effectiveness (SE) of HV cables and connectors for electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), appropriate measurement methods are required. Due to complexity and limitations in established methods, like Triaxial Method and Line Injection Method (LIM), alternative methods are required. Especially the connectors are difficult to handle in Triaxial Method. Equipment becomes extremely bulky and heavy. Line Injection Method (LIM) is sensitive to placement of the injection line along the connector. In this research alternative methods have been proposed to measure ZT of shielded HV-cables and cable-connector systems. Two improved measurement methods, Ground Plate Method (GPM) and Capacitive Voltage Probe Method (CVP) have been developed to measure ZT of both HVcables and HV-cable-connector system. The methods have been verified by comparisons to ZT measurements using Triaxial and Line Injection Methods. For comparative shielding analysis, ZT of different HV-cable-connector systems have been evaluated. Performance and limitations of the methods for both cable and cable-connector systems are discussed. Keywords—Shielded HV-cable-connector system; Transfer Impedance measurement; Coaxial cable.


The occurrence of shingling in. long range refraction records often makes the task of the seismic interpreter heavier, especially when several refractors are encountered and the velocity contrasts are small.

The explanation of the phenomenon given by the existing literature is examined and the theoretical results are compared with the observed data on field records.

In field seismograms shingling must be separated from the effect of geological structures or lateral discontinuities.

If an appropriate analysis of shingling is possible, this phenomenon can be related to the type of refracting layer, being a useful tool to a qualitative approach.

On the other hand the implications of shingling are examined on the side of the geometrical interpretation

RESUME

Le decalage des phases observe sur les sismogrammes refraction constitue souvent un probleme tres difficile pour le sismicien, notamment lorsqu'il faut faire face a plusieurs marqueurs caracterises par des vitesses tres proches.

On passe en revue les theories proposees dans la literature geophysique et ľon cherche de comparer les donnees obtenues sur le terrain avec les resultats theoriques.

Sur les enregistrements terrain il faut surtout souligner ľeffet des structures geologiques ou des discontinuityes laterales et le separer du decalage de phase.

S'il est possible ?arriver a une correcte analyse du decalage, ce phenomene peut etre refere aux caracteristiques du marqueur et pourtant il peut devenir un bon moyen ?interpretation qualitative.

?autre part, on examine les consequences du decalage au point de vue de ľinterpretation en profondeur.


The paper presents an adaptive control strategy for the brushless doubly-fed machine (BDFM) applied to variable speed wind power generation systems. A 7 kW proof-of-concept laboratory prototype is used to investigate the proposed control algorithm. The paper discusses the use of an adaptive maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategy to implement an efficiency maximization loop in parallel with the regular maximum tip-speed-ratio tracker, without the measurement of mechanical quantities. The overall power output of the generation system is increased with a minimal increase in controller cost. A 100 kW case study is included to describe the prospects of the proposed control strategy for a typical wind power/generation site on the Oregon coast.<<ETX>>


Cloud computing, a new concept refers to a hosted computational environment that can provide elastic computation and storage services for users per demand. This paradigm arises due to the huge growth in applications and data sizes. Consider the fact that many agencies, organizations and departments are responsible for time-critical tasks and these tasks need to be completed as soon as possible. At the same time, these agencies also face IT problems because of the rapid growth of their applications, data and solution sizes. Many experts proposed that cloud computing is a solution to these problems so that each agency can execute its tasks via the cloud and expand their requirements based on each situation. This paper tackles the problem of scheduling data-intensive jobs to virtual machines located in the intercloud paradigm. The results depict the huge improvement in data transfer time and the reduction in jobs execution time. This paper concludes that ignoring the shared data would degrade the global system performance.


Abstract Aquaflor (florfenicol, 50% with/without) is a potent, broad-spectrum, antibacterial agent with bacteriostatic properties that are active against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This product is approved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration for use on several fish species to control mortality associated with a variety of diseases, including columnaris (causative agent, Flavobacterium columnare). Two independent experimental trials were separately conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Aquaflor to control mortality associated with columnaris disease. Aquaflor was administered in feed at a targeted daily florfenicol dosage of 10 mg/kg of body weight for 10 consecutive days. Test species were fingerling Florida Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides floridanus and Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus. In each trial, 8 or 10 test tanks (4 or 5 treated, 4 or 5 control) were stocked with either approximately 473 bass (mean length = 6.4 mm; mean weight = 3.3 g) or 100 Bluegills (len...


Given a discrete dynamical system (X, ƒ), we consider the function ωƒ-limit set from X to 2x as

ωƒ(x) = {y ∈ X : there exists a sequence of positive integers
 n1 < n2 < … such that limk→∞ ƒnk (x) = y},

for each x ∈ X. In the article [1], A. M. Bruckner and J. Ceder established several conditions which are equivalent to the continuity of the function ωƒ where ƒ: [0,1] → [0,1] is continuous surjection. It is natural to ask whether or not some results of [1] can be extended to finite graphs. In this direction, we study the function ωƒ when the phase space is a n-od simple T. We prove that if ωƒ is a continuous map, then Fix(ƒ2) and Fix(ƒ3) are connected sets. We will provide examples to show that the inverse implication fails when the phase space is a simple triod. However, we will prove that:

Theorem A 2. If ƒ: T → T is a continuous function where T is a simple triod then ωƒ is a continuous set valued function iff the family {ƒ0, ƒ1, ƒ2,} is equicontinuous.

As a consequence of our results concerning the ωƒ function on the simple triod, we obtain the following characterization of the unit interval.

Theorem A 1. Let G be a finite graph. Then G is an arc iff for each continuous function ƒ: G → G the following conditions are equivalent:
 (1) The function ωƒ is continuous.
 (2) The set of all fixed points of ƒ2 is nonempty and connected.


An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of feeding diet containing concentrate and graded level of groundnut haulms (GH) on the milk yield of Azawak cattle. Five concentrate-groundnut mixed diets were formulated to contain on average 15% crude protein. The ratio concentrate to groundnut was 100:0; 67:33, 50; 50, 33:67 and 0:100 respectively. Twenty Azawak multiparous lactating cow aged 5-6 years and averagely weighing 317-320 kg were randomly divided into five groups of four animals each and were allotted to the five experimental diets in a randomized complete block design. Data were collected for Dry Matter Intake (DMI), Average Daily Intake (ADI), Average Daily Weight Gain (ADWG), Total Milk Yield, Average Milk yield and Feed conversion efficiency in milk (FCEM) throughout the three months experimental period. Results indicated that the average daily weight gain was higher on diet containing 50% inclusion of groundnut haulm in concentrate diet fed to Azawak cattle. The DMI by cattle was significantly (P˂0.05) higher on diet containing 67 and 100% groundnut haulm. The ADWG of lactating cows fed concentrate mixture was significantly higher on diet containing 33 and 50% inclusion levels but the feed conversion ratio was significantly higher at 50% level of groundnut haulm inclusion level. The total milk yield, average daily milk yield, the body score condition and the feed conversion efficiency in milk were not affected by the level of Groundnut haulms in the concentrate diets, but the highest values of these parameters were obtained at 50% inclusion level. It can be recommended that concentrate diet for Azawak cattle should be supplemented with 50% legume haulm for, better body score condition, feed conversion, feed conversion efficiency of milk and enhanced milk production during the long dry season.


One-dimensional differential equations dy/dt = f(t,y) that are periodic in t arise in many areas of applied mathematics. The attracting and repelling periodic solutions and their bifurcations are the key qualitative features that determine the observed behavior of the system being modeled. One quickly finds that the low dimensional character of the problem conceals difficulties that in practice are resolved by numerical simula tion. However, these simulations are guided by theoretical results and techniques, as suggested in a related context by Poincar? in his wonderful statement on rigor quoted above. The authors encountered such a differential equation when studying a simplified version of the Wilson-Cowan model of two periodically stimulated coupled neurons [29]. To assemble the needed theoretical toolkit, we turned to the logistic equation with periodic harvesting, a population model that we teach in our undergraduate classes and that is featured in many introductory texts [2], [3], [4]. These tools are presented below using the logistic equation as an example, and they should be of help to students and researchers in their own simulations and theoretical studies. In addition, some suggestions for further work are given in the last section. We also touch on the inspiring yet wavering history of science and mathematics in three places: the development of the logistic equation and its variants, the use of Poincar?'s first-return map in dynamics and chaos theory, and the progress and lack of it that marks the investigation of Hilbert's still unsolved sixteenth problem. It is gratifying that, even in mathematics, humble beginnings can quickly lead to grand vistas. Though we confine ourselves to real variable techniques, we allude to results obtained with complex variables, as in the bounds on the number of periodic solutions given in a beautiful yet brief paper of Ilyashenko [17].


PURPOSE: A polymer dispersed liquid crystal(PDLC) is to provide a wide viewing angle, to improve light utilization efficiency without utilizing a polarizing plate and to eliminate an alignment process, thereby facilitating a manufacturing process. CONSTITUTION: A polymer dispersed liquid crystal composition is prepared which is composed of 1 to 40 wt% of acrylate-series monomer-oligomer comprising a crosslinking agent, 0.1 to 20 wt% of diacrylate derivative monomer having a structure similar to that of a liquid crystal to be added, 0 to 20 wt% of a cholesteric liquid crystal and 50 to 98wt% of a nematic liquid crystal. A small amount of UV initiator is added to the composition to polymerize it, thus obtaining the PDLC. The PDLC is injected between the glass plates with a coating of indium tin oxide thereon, and is exposed to UV radiation to cure it. When the UV curing is completed, the PDLC develops a focal-conic structure, so that a liquid crystal cell becomes opaque, whereas the cell turns into a homeotropic state and it becomes transparent when an electric field is applied thereto.


The purpose of this research is to gain a more in-depth description of
correspondence and negotiation process applied by RAKABU FURNITURE. And
how the role of the Internet in the process of negotiation and correspondence in
order to increase export sales are highly competitive. In addition, the aim of this
research is to determine barriers or obstacles encountered in the process of
negotiation and correspondence and how to overcome them.
 The Research method used is descriptive analysis of research by
interpreting (reading, listening, comparing) the data there, and then describe or
explain to draw conclusions. Collecting data from documents and from the
parties related to those activities. The data used are primary data and secondary
data. Primary data included direct interviews with relevant stakeholders and
secondary data obtained from documents and written sources other
From the research results can be concluded that in the process of
negotiation and correspondence on RAKABU FURNITURE Trade Fair begins
with and so on followed by correspondence via e-mail and came to Rakabu
Furniture showroom for further negotiations. Meanwhile, for buyers who have
become regular customers, the process of negotiation and correspondence with
enough menggirimkan order via e-mail and came to Rakabu Furniture
showroom for more negotiation. Most of all communicated via e-mail. And the
role of the internet for a company that is easy to communicate with quickly and
reach a very wide area and a very low cost so as to achieve effectiveness and
efficiency of the company in negotiations and correspondence. Because
RAKABU FURNITURE use the internet in some stage of the negotiations and
correspondence there are several barriers that often interfere with the work
process, the Internet network problems that often trouble. In addition, there are
also obstacles in the process of pricing agreement with the buyer.
Correspondence extremely important role in international trade in general,
even in the import-export business, 80% of export-import transactions are
conducted through a process of correspondence or correspondence. The rest is
done through face-to-face negotiations
From the above results the author suggest that FURNITURE RAKABU in
the process of negotiation and correspondence for the determination of prices,
can use the strategy ExW or FOB prices. As for the Internet network problems,
FURNITURE RAKABU can use other Internet networks.

Keywords : Negotiations, correspondence, internet


Fermentation of various food stuffs by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is one of the oldest forms of biopreservation practiced by mankind . Bacterial antagonism has been recognized for over a century but in recent years this phenomenon has received more scientific attention , particularly in the use of various strains of lactic acid bacteria One important attribute of many LAB is their ability to produce antimicrobial compounds called bacteriocins. In recent years interest in these compounds has grown substantially due to their potential usefulness as natural substitute for chemical food preservatives in the production of foods with enhanced shelf life and / or safety. There is growing consumer awareness of the link between diet and health. Recent scientific evidence supports the role of probiotic LAB in mediating many positive health effects.Traditional probiotic dairy strains of lactic acid bacteria have a long history of safe use and most strains are considered commensal microorganisms with no pathogenic potential.


ABSTRACT Extraction of Np(IV), Pu(IV), U(VI), and Np(VI) was studied using N,N-di-2-ethylhexyl derivatives iso-butyramide (D2EHIBA) and n-propanamide (D2EHPrA). D2EHIBA showed higher selectivity for U(VI) over Np(IV) and Pu(IV). A flowsheet for the separation of Np(IV) from a mixture of uranium, neptunium, and plutonium in 3 M HNO3 was developed exploiting the selectivity of D2EHIBA for U(VI) over the tetravalent actinides followed by the selective stripping of Np(IV) from the di-n-hexyl-octanamide (DHOA) medium using acetohydroxamic acid (AHA). The results indicated that >90% of the neptunium present in the mixture could be recovered at the final step with a decontamination factor >103.


This research is intended to analyze the repetition in the body text of shampoo advertisements. The objectives of this research are: first, to describe what types of repetitions are used in the body text of shampoo advertisements. Second, to find out which repetition is most often used in the body text of shampoo advertisements. Third, to find out why certain repetition is most often used in the body text of shampoo advertisements. This is a qualitative research. Therefore, it uses descriptive method with the theories of repetition proposed by Halliday and Hasan (1976), Renkema (1993), Hoey (1991) and Halliday (1994), the theories of discourse proposed by Halliday (1985), Renkema (1993) and Nunan (1993), and the theories of advertisement proposed by Cook (1992) and Moi (1997). At the end of the analyses the writer found that the repetitions in the body text of shampoo advertisements are classified into simple repetition and complex repetition. Simple repetition is the most dominant types of repetition that used in the body text of shampoo advertisements because the use of simple repetition in the body text of shampoo advertisements is very important to make the readers or consumers understand and remember the name of the products or brands and the usage of products. It also makes the relationship between the sentences in the body text of shampoo advertisement clear and more communicative.


Currently, in conditions of Industry 4.0, the use of cyber-physical systems in various fields is becoming widespread. This article is devoted to the problem of estimating CPS sustainability in the context of modern challenges faced by decision makers and IT developers in order to ensure effective proactive business process management using this innovative technology. The purpose of the research is to propose and substantiate a methodology for estimating CPS sustainability to ensure the reliability and strength of its elements, their interrelationships and interaction, as well as the effective functioning and development of this system in conditions of high dynamism and uncertainty of the external environment. In this study, we used methods of integral evaluation, synthesis, expert assessments, dynamic analysis, and systematic approach, and coined the term 'CPS sustainability'. Our study showed that negative risks, external and internal threats may have a significant adverse impact on CPS sustainability. The reliability of this system should be evaluated on the basis of integrated indicators. The key indicators, reflecting the reliability of maintaining the properties of the CPS in a normal state of its function and further development, were identified. We propose a methodology for estimating CPS sustainability. In general, the presented results form the basis for improving CPS management to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of its functioning and development.


To the editor: Medication reconciliation is a resource-intensive process, and it is important to discern the most effective and efficient interventions to optimize patient safety at care transitions. Dr. Mekonnen and colleagues recently undertook a systematic review investigating the impact of pharmacy-led medication reconciliation programmes at care transitions on the prevalence of medication discrepancy. They sought to categorize interventions by the transition(s) they focussed on, to learn whether pharmacist-led medication reconciliation interventions delivered at a single transition (admission or discharge) were more effective than those delivered across multiple (two or more) transitions. Our recent study published in BMJ Quality and Safety was included in the meta-analysis. The intervention was complex, involving collaborative pharmaceutical care between doctors and pharmacists throughout the inpatient hospital episode. The target of the intervention was multiple transitions: admission and discharge. Our primary outcome measured discharge medication error, although we also reported admission medication error to illustrate the intervention's impact at iterative stages of care. We consider it a single complex intervention delivered across the full inpatient journey, rather than discrete interventions at admission and discharge. Patients were followed longitudinally from admission to discharge, and therefore, it is the same cohort of patients, and not independent groups of patients, included at both care transitions. As with many complex interventions, it is difficult to identify whether the observed effect is attributable to any single intervention component, as distinct from the composite. Our belief is that admission medication reconciliation could not but have impacted on the likelihood of medication being


ABSTRACT An amperometric biosensor based on L-aminoacid oxidase is proposed for enantioselective assay of (+)-3,3′,5-triiodo-L-thyronine (L-T3) and (+)-3,3′,5,5′-tetraiodo-L-thyronine (L-T4), due to the fact that only the L enantiomer has the hormonal activity. The construction of the amperometric biosensor is simple and reproducible. The analytical information obtained from enantioselective analysis are reliable. The RSD <1% assured by using the amperometric biosensors for L enantiomers assay as raw materials, and from tablets, demonstrated their suitability for the analysis of T3 and T4 at ppb concentration levels.


Race 2 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum overcomes all current wilt-resistant watermelon cultivars. In previous studies, resistance to race 2 was induced in the greenhouse by prior inoculation with avirulent races (races 0 or 1) or with the cucumber wilt pathogen, F. o. f. sp. cucumerinum. In the present study, microplots were used to evaluate induced resistance under simulated field conditions


This study examines the prospect of developing the study program of Islamic Education (PAI) at the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training UIN Alauddin Makassar. Focused on two sub issues, namely: (1) Efforts to develop PAI study program at the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training UIN Alauddin Makassar; (2) Supporting factors and inhibiting the development of PAI Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training Program UIN Alauddin Makassar. The type of research is qualitative with managerial, phenomenological and sociological approach. The data sources consist of documentation on PAI Study Program, Alumni of PAI study program, staff, and lecturer of Faculty of Tarbiyah and teacher of UIN Alauddin Makassar as informant. Data collection using interviews, documentation, and observation. Technique of analysis / data processing in three ways, namely data reduction, data display, and data verification. Test the validity of informant data by using triangulation. The result of the research shows that there are five efforts conducted by managers in the development of PAI study program at the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training UIN Alauddin Makassar, namely: (1) Efficiency and effectiveness of leadership; (2) Program evaluation and graduate tracking; (3) Program development planning; (4) Cooperation and partnership; (5) Program evaluation on the experience and quality of student learning. Factors supporting the development of PAI study program at the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training UIN Alauddin Makassar, namely: (1) Experience in development; (2) Quality of lecturer; (3) Government support; (4) Many enthusiasts (student quantity). While the inhibiting factors are (1) Infrastructure is not yet complete; (2) Unsatisfactory lecturer discipline; (3) Source of fund has not been socialized (Faculty). The implication of this research is the need to systematize the learning process in accordance with the needs of the alumni of PAI study program and require support from all parties, namely the cooperation that is considered to be competent in the field including the Ministry of Religious Affairs in the field of Mapenda. In order to formulate and realize the learning that has character, methodological, skilled, has the value of Qurani, scientific, educational and can be developed based on the curriculum of learning. The management of learning can not be separated from the facility of study program, lecturer competence, students and organization of study program of PAI who have successfully obtained accreditation A.


Normal 0 21 false false false TR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 The acidity constants (K a ) of some 6-substitue-4-aminoquinazoline compounds were investigated theoretically. The gas and aqueous phase geometries and the possible tautomeric forms were defined with full geometry optimization by using B3LYP/6-31G(d) method for 6-substitue-4-aminoquinazoline derivatives. It was found that most stable forms are amino form and the first protonation occurs at ring nitrogen atom(N1).


FIELD: medicine, pharmaceutics. SUBSTANCE: present invention refers to a method for producing a tablet by (i) compressing a powder mixture in a mould plate of one device for producing a tabletted form with the powder mixture comprising a pharmaceutically active substance and a fusible binding agent, and (ii) exposing the above tabletted form to radio-frequency radiation generated by the above device over a period of time adequate to soften or melt the binding agent inside the above tabletted form to produce a tablet. Oral absorption of the produced tablet placed on the tongue takes less than approximately 30 s. EFFECT: more effective method for producing the tablet by (i) compression. 18 cl, 14 dwg, 7 tbl, 9 ex


The Mossbauer spectroscopy based on the 57 Fe isotope was used to show that the iron impurity atoms in the form of Fe 3+ replace Cu 2+ in the CuO lattice, forming associates of the «Fe 3+ -V-Fe 3+ » type (V is a cation vacancy). However, calculations of the parameters of the tensor representing the electric field gradient (EFG) at the 57 Fe nuclei in such associates give incorrect results because of the appearance of additional EFG sources that can alter significantly the overall EFG. The results indicate that Cu 1#75x Fe x O solid solutions are unstable and they exhibit precipitation as a result of heat treatment at 850 °C


The purpose of this expository paper is to present several known proofs of Wedderburn's theorem that every finite division ring is necessarily a field.


Previous multi-layered folding models have struggled to describe the geometry of the interfaces between layers. In the level set method (LSM), a single function φ(x, y, t) can be used to encode all the information of a multi-layer material in which all layers are in contact and thus is a very natural way of dealing with the geometry. This paper shows the potential for the LSM (in multi-layer problems) by demonstrating that it can describe the geometry of multi-layer folding patterns including those with singularities. The method is then applied to describe the mechanics of the modelling of parallel folding in multi-layered structures.


A case study is presented of a winter depression over the British Isles in which extensive banded structure was observed within precipitation ahead of the surface warm front. Measurements of the mesoscale airflow and precipitation structure of the rainbands were made using a variety of radar techniques together with multiple radiosonde and aircraft observations. The measurements were made over the sea to avoid the confusing effects of topography. The dominant rainbands were oriented parallel to the surface cold front and were typically 100 km wide. They moved with a velocity faster than the underlying warm front. For the most part the bands were characterized by clusters of weak small-scale convective cells due to the release of potential instability produced where tongues of relatively dry air of low θw in the middle troposphere overran low-level moist air undergoing slantwise ascent above the warm frontal zone. Although there was the usual large-scale, and thermally-direct, circulation associated with the active warm front, the air which ascended as small-scale convection within the rainbands entered a region of weak cold frontal baroclinicity, whereupon it participated in a thermally direct circulation of its own. This led to each rainband having a rearward-sloping anvil cloud canopy characterized by ascending air with colder drier air descending beneath. Precipitation falling from the canopy evaporated within the underlying drier air thereby probably intensifying the descending branch of the circulation. Very large ageostrophic winds were measured in association with these circulations.

The important ingredient responsible for the convective nature of the rainbands appears to have been the incursion of tongues of relatively dry air of low θw in the middle troposphere above the moist warm-sector air in a region where the resulting instability could be realized by large-scale ascent. Although the potential instability was very weak in the present case, the origin of the rainbands appears to have been similar to that of pre-frontal squall lines. The intensity of the convection within rainbands depends on the stability but the very existence of any precipitation in the first place depends on other dynamical factors leading to widespread ascent.


The anti-interference and reliability measurement in MCU system is introduced in this paper.Instruction redundancies,software snare,watchdog,digital filter,and other restraint methods are stressed,including their principles,characteristics and application instances.Some simple examples are gived through assembly language.


PURPOSE .................................................................................................................................. 2 BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................... 2 CONCERN 1: The Arbitrator Appointment System............................................................. 3 A. Party-appointment system ........................................................................................... 3 a. Dissenting Opinions ................................................................................................ 4 b. Repeated appointments ............................................................................................ 6 B. Authority-appointment system ................................................................................... 11 C. Abolition of the party-appointment system? ............................................................. 12 CONCERN 2: Concern about ad hoc arbitrators ................................................................ 15 A. Double hatting ........................................................................................................... 15 B. Issue conflicts ............................................................................................................ 19 a. Challenges based on previous scholarly and professional writings ...................... 20 b. Challenges based on past service as counsel / advocate or arbitrator ................. 22 c. Challenges based on the arbitrator's prior exposure to similar facts ...................... 24 C. Lack of diversity of arbitrators ................................................................................. 25 D. Adequacy of the challenge mechanism...................................................................... 27 E. Possible reforms? ...................................................................................................... 29 CONCERN 3: Replacing ad hoc arbitrators with full-time judges? ........................................ 30


PURPOSE: Many machine parts look clean but all machine parts are not clean perfectly. The most surface of machine parts are covered various size particles. So an evaluation of participate contaminants is provided to measure the size and number of particulate contaminants in machine parts. CONSTITUTION: A component is washed with a fluid to release particulate contaminant. The particulate containing fluid is passed through a screen (22) having a known number of apertures of identical known size. The change in pressure caused by the accumulation of particles in the screen is measured and compared with the pressure when the screen is clean. From this, a control system (54)determines the number of particles in the fluid having a size greater than the aperture size. This is related to a unit volume by measuring the volume of fluid passing through the screen (22). If the screen blocks before all the fluid is passed through the screen (22), the fluid is pulsed in forward and reverse flow to redistribute the particles on the screen. The fluid is then back washed from the screen to a second screen (28) having a known number of apertures of identical size. The number of particles per unit volume having a size greater than the size of the apertures of the second screen is then determined. If the second screen (28) blocks, the second screen (28) is pulsed and the fluid back washed to a third screen (32) having a known number of apertures of identical size. The number of particles per unit volume having a size greater than the size of the third screen (38) is then determined. These values are displayed by the control system (54).