Background: The pathogenesis of acne is multifactorial, and it was traditionally believed that four different processes play a decisive role in the development of the disease: the increased production of sebum, changes in keratinization processes leading to the formation of comedones, bacterial colonization of hair follicles by Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes; formerly called Propionibacterium acnes), and synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators in the pilosebaceous unit. The role of genetic factors in the development of acne has been repeatedly discussed and continues to be the subject of discussion among scientists. The currently available data from various studies on genetic associations in acne are contradictory, which makes it relevant to address the problem of searching and analyzing the molecular mechanisms of the influence of regulatory genes in the pathogenesis of acne. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze SNPs in the regulatory genes (GATA1, GATA2, GATA2-AS1 [GATA2 Antisense RNA 1], NFKB2, NFKBIA, and NFKB1) in patients with severe acne. Methods and Results: A prospective, open, non-randomized, single-center comparative study was conducted between 2017-2020. The study included 50 (29 men and 21 women) patients (the main group [MG]) with severe acne aged from 15 to 46 years (the median age of 23.2 years) and 20 (13 men and 7 women) apparently healthy individuals (the comparison group [CG]) aged from 16 to 40 years (the median age of 19.4 years). Molecular genetic diagnostics was performed using high-throughput DNA sequencing—next-generation sequencing (NGS). The results of our study made it possible to identify SNPs in regulatory genes (GATA1, GATA2, GATA2-AS1 [GATA2 Antisense RNA 1], NFKB2, NFKBIA, and NFKB1) associated with the development of severe acne. Conclusion: The revealed SNPs within the GATA1, GATA2, GATA2-AS1 [GATA2 Antisense RNA 1], NFKB2, NFKBIA, and NFKB1 genes in patients with severe acne probably indicate the involvement of regulatory transcription factors in the pathogenesis of acne.


Pork quality and yield are greatly affected by preslaughter handling, method of slaughter and chilling. Consequently, a lot of work has gone into finding the best methods of performing these operations so as to optimise meat quality and yield. Although appropriate methods for transporting md slaughtering pigs arc fairly weU established, they are notoriously difficult to implement in practice. As a result of this failure, loss of yield occurs as does damage to meat quality, pushing up retail prices and lowering the quality of the end product. The result is a loss of competitiveness affecting the entire pigmeat industry. There are several sources of economic loss associated with transport* slaughter and chilling of pigs. In the extreme case animals may die as a result of mishandling. This is common in breeds with inherited stress-susceptibility. Loss of meat yield frequently occurs as a consequence of fasting and dehydration before slaughter and afterwards as a result of evaporative chill loss from the carcass and drip from meat cuts. Skin lacerations and carcass bruising are the result of fighting and rough handling. Bone fractures and blood-splashed meat occur at stunning. The quality of the lean meat as a raw material for further processing is reduced by the development of PSE (pale, soft, exudative) pork. This defect is determined both by hereditary and preslaughter factors. The occurrence of DFD (dark, firm, dry pork), on the other hand, results from poor preslaughter handling. DFD reduces the shelf-life of fresh pigmeat products. This review examines the several closely-linked events surrounding slaughter that affect meat quality and yield. Emphasis is placed on the recent literature and on the practical application of research findings. Inevitably in such a broad topic, much has been omitted.


: Polymers are often prepared as a solution and purification of them needs separating the polymer from the solvent. Phase separation phenomenon (spinodal decomposition) accurse in a model binary polymer solution under a linear spatial temperature gradient using mathematical modeling and computer simulation to provide dynamic spatial concentration field of a polymer blend and predict the morphology evolution during the course of a temperature induced phase separation process. The prediction of the dynamics of phase separation in polymer solutions and application of a temperature or concentration gradient causes the formation of anisotropic droplet-type morphology to form, where the droplet size varies along the gradient direction but is uniform within the plane normal to the gradient direction and simulating of them is an important topics in polymer science and it can be more investigated because of wide issue around it. The mathematical model based on the Cahn Hilliard nonlinear theory of phase separation has been developed. Using these equations, theoric graphs for phase separation were achieved, which are used for various polymer solutions. In this paper, it is expected to study on the kinetics of the phase separation process and to investigate characterization of the microstructure of (PS/CH) solution that it has been developed to provide a mathematical model to predict the properties of final products. The objectives of this paper is a dynamic process of phase separation in systems with two different molecular weight and solving equations using a high speed, on parameters such as temperature and molecular weight on the phase separation process and the speed of phase separation time at different initial concentrations.


AbstractThe highest recorded temperature in Illinois, 117°F (47.2°C) occurred on 14 July 1954 in East St. Louis. This occurred in the midst of a widespread, long-lasting heat wave covering significant parts of 11 states: from eastern Colorado through Kansas, Oklahoma, part of Texas, Missouri, and Arkansas, southern Illinois, and extending to western Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, and parts of the Carolinas. According to historical climate data, this event ranked as one of the top five extended periods of heat in these states since 1895. No such prolonged heat wave has occurred in the Midwest since 1954. It stands to reason that since prolonged widespread heat waves have occurred in the last 100 years, there is a distinct possibility that they will occur again, and reviewing past impacts could help us plan for future events.This research examines the impacts of the heat felt in the Illinois, Missouri, and Kansas region, as well as the responses to the extreme temperatures. Impacts on human health and well-be...


provides open access, scholarly publishing services to the University of California and delivers a dynamic research platform to scholars worldwide. Abstract: Mortgage terminations arise because borrowers exercise options. Empirically the extent to which the call is in the money is strongly associated with exercise of the prepayment option, and the probability that the put option is in the money is strongly associated with exercise of the default option. Nevertheless, evidence also shows that borrowers do not behave as "ruthlessly" as the theory predicts. This paper investigates the apparently irrational behavior of those borrowers who do not terminate their mortgages even when the option is deeply into the money. We develop an option-based empirical model to analyze this phenomenon -- the behavior of irrational "woodheads." Of course we do not observe "woodheads" explicitly in any body of data. Instead, we analyze the correlates of unobserved heterogeneity within a large sample of mortgage holders. We extend SMLE techniques proposed by Stinebrickner (1999) to estimate the competing risks of mortgage prepayment and default, recognizing unobserved heterogeneity, which is due in part to the behavior of "woodheads." The extended model is clearly superior to alternatives on statistical grounds. We then analyze the economic implications of this more powerful model. We analyze the predictions of the model for the valuation and pricing of mortgage pools and mortgage-backed securities. Based upon an extensive Monte Carlo simulation, we find that the SMLE model yields prices for seasoned mortgage pools that vary by as much as about forty basis points from more primitive estimates. The results indicate the empirical importance of heterogeneity and the implications of non-optimizing behavior for the valuation and pricing of mortgages and mortgage-backed securities. Abstract During the past decade, federal housing policy has shifted to recognize a key role for nonprofit hous- ing providers in providing affordable housing. Two federal programs, Low-Income Housing Tax Credit and HOME, are now the primary federal housing production programs, and the legislation governing both programs provides explicit support for nonprofit providers of new housing. This article focuses on these two programs to document the change in emphasis, looking at the extent to which resources flow to nonprofit providers. We explicate the rationale for this shift and speculate on future federal policy toward nonprofits. We find that both programs channeled sizable shares of their funding to nonprofits throughout the 1990s, in patterns consistent with program design. It is also possible that the scale and form of funding itself has affected the nonprofit sector. Changes in the funding of nonprofits have not been uniform spatially, and the nonprofit sector's share of such funding appears to have leveled off.As currently structured, these programs do little to simplify the complicated financial dealings and multiple sources of funding common among nonprofit housing providers. Shifts in policy priorities and emerging financial stresses may neces-sitate changes in federal policy toward the nonprofit sector.


Polycrystalline silicon germanium (Si1-xGex) films were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The XRD results show that our films consist of Si1-xGex alloy with no cluster of Ge or a Ge rich material embedded in a Si matrix. Comparison of the XRD results of RTA and furnace annealed samples for the same annealing conditions reveal that the latter allow for faster formation of the (200) and (311) crystal planes. Raman spectroscopy results indicate that our films were strain free.


Alice Walker presents in The Color Purple a delicate portrayal of the development of the heroine from her racialsexual oppression and exploitation to her individualism and self-reliance and advances her tentative solution──womanism in the hope of curing the social diseases of racism and sexism and promoting black women's emancipation.


The main desire of end-users of a telecommunication system is to take advantage of satisfactory services, in terms of Quality of Service (QoS), especially when they pay for a required needing. Unfortunately, when hosts are moving into an infrastructured network, it is very important to mitigate hand-over effects, which may cause heavy flow degradations or disruptions. In this paper, we are interested in investigating how the continuity of services can be guaranteed in QoS networks, by the analysis of users mobility from two different points of view: the first based on a directional modeling of users mobility, the second based on a time-based modeling of Cell Permanence Time (CPT). After a hand-over event, bandwidth availability should always be granted for those users who need to take benefits from QoS networks: the only way to face this issue is represented by the employment of a mobility prediction scheme, in order to know "how and when" users move among infrastructured coverage areas. Based on a large number of experiments, the proposed schemes are then compared, in order to observe what are the benefits of the considered policies and when it is preferred to use each of them.


Sam (Sterile alpha Motif) domains represent small protein binding modules provided with a helical fold and playing different functions in diverse cellular processes [1]. The Eph family of tyrosine kinase receptors contains at the C-terminus a Sam domain; the Sam domain from EphA2 (EphA2-Sam) has received the largest attention [2]. EphA2 is well known for its controversial role in cancer; indeed, this receptor is over-expressed in several tumors and upon stimulation with an ephrin ligand, undergoes endocytosis and consequent degradation, a process that could be exploited to lower tumor malignancy. EphA2-Sam represents the site where protein modulators of receptor endocytosis and stability (like the lipid phosphatase Ship2 and the adaptor protein Odin) are engaged by means of heterotypic Sam-Sam interactions [2]. Ship2 acts as an inhibitor of receptor endocytosis and its binding to EphA2-Sam is expected to primarily induce pro-oncogenic outcomes in cell. During the last few years, in an attempt to discover novel potential anticancer therapeutics, we designed and evaluated peptide inhibitors of EphA2-Sam mediated interactions through different strategies and a multidisciplinary approach based on extensive use of solution NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) techniques, molecular modeling, MST (MicroScale Thermophoresis) and in vitro cell-based assays [3-4].


The World Bank sponsors energy development loans to developing countries in order to improve their productivity and raise their living standards. Nearly half of the 44 new energy projects approved for 1982 involve electric power. Priority goes to projects that will improve generation, transmission, and distribution, but future goals will be to improve efficiency and reduce losses at power plants. The six-stage project selection cycle of identification, preparation, appraisal, negotiation and approval, implementation and supervision, and post-project evaluation averages about 11 years. Available funds have declined relative to project requests over the years until the Bank is now able to contribute only about 5% of a developing country's electric power needs instead of 30%. (DCK)


Ab s t r Ac t Background: A rare case of atypical Steven Johnson syndrome secondary to mycoplasma infection. Case description: Eight-year-old boy presented with a history of fever and cough of 7 days with recent-onset redness and purulent discharge of eyes with multiple oral ulcers for the past 3 days. He was febrile, toxic looking with bilateral conjunctival congestion, multiple painful ulcers in the mouth, and severe mucositis. Because of cefpodoxime ingestion before the onset of ulcers and redness of eyes, possibility of Steven Johnson syndrome considered and history of respiratory infection in the absence of skin involvement, atypical Steven Johnson Syndrome secondary to Mycoplasma infection (Fuchs syndrome) kept in mind. Mycoplasma serology was sent which was reported as positive. Other routine investigations and chest X-ray were normal. Intervention: He was started on IV pulse methylprednisolone for 7 days. He becomes afebrile after the first dose of methyl prednisolone. Eye lubricants and topical anti-inflammatory agents continued. A significant reduction in mucositis observed. Later oral corticosteroid continued and tapered and stopped over 2 weeks. Message: Severe mucositis with the background of respiratory infection, Fuchs Syndrome should be considered as a differential.


In a fiber-coupled laser diode array(LDA) pumped Nd∶YAG crystal,using type-Ⅰ critical phase matching LBO crystal intracavity sum frequency mixing from 1064 nm and 1319 nm where 1064 nm wavelength is gotten from()~4F_(3/2)-()~4I_(11/2) transition and 1319 nm wavelength is gotten from()~4F_(3/2)-()~4I_(13/2) transition,a sum frequency mixing yellow laser at 589 nm is reported in the paper.By using a three mirror folded-cavity resonator,with injection pump power of 15 W,continuous wave TEM_(00) mode yellow laser at 589 nm of 860 mW is obtained,its optical-optical conversion efficiency is 5.7%,M~2 factor is less than 1.2.The output power has low noise,and the power fluctuation in 4 h is better than ±3.4%.Experimental results show that the intracavity sum-frequency mixing is an effective method for 589 nm laser and it can be applied to other transition wavelengths in Nd∶YAG or other laser crystals to obtain more all-solid-state lasers with different wavelength.


Based on the introduction of basic situation Positive List System, this paper analyzes adverse effect on Chinese exported farm produce to Japan with the implementation of Positive List System, and then put forward some corresponding measures and Suggestions to answer Positive List System.


The purposes of this study were to examine the consumer's behavior on the brands applying the characters by gender, age and residential district, and then to propose the future planning of brands applying the characters and distribution strategies. From Junior on middle school to forty-year olds were selected for this study and areas were grouped to five for comparing the residential distinction. The questionnaire was consisted with 25 questions. Nominal scale and 5-interval scale were used for analysis. The SPSS 12.0 was used to analyze the technical statistics such as average, frequency, t-test, ANOVA, and x². The results of this study were as follows : 1) The characters influenced on remembering the brand's name regardless gender, agen and residential district. 2) When consumer bought the brand with character, the most important factor is the brand name recognition. 3) It would be desirable to use the one or two mixed methods which express the characters on the clothes. 4) When they distribute the character brands, they would supply more feminine characters in 3rd district, more manly one in 4th district and less quantities in the 3rd and 4th district for lowering inventory. The next must be follow to succeed the character using strategy of fashion brands. It is needed to segment the target for new character creation of specific generation, and to grasp the point of the trend which oriented by the target, and to reflect what they like and what they feel sympathy on character image and brand concept.


The effects of sodium chloride on water-use efficiency of a number of varieties of rice have been investigated. Sensitivity to salinity in rice arises in large part from excessive rates of sodium ion transport to the shoot consequent upon high rates of transpirational water loss. Varietal differences in water-use efficiency were found: these were greater when measured for whole shoots over a period of one week, than when made as instantaneous measurements on individual leaves. Salinity had rather little effect on water use efficiency but overall resistance of seedlings to salt was, in general, greater the greater the water-use efficiency. The reasons for the differences between varieties are discussed in terms of differences in growth pattern: among the seven varieties investigated, water-use efficiency and salt-resistance were lower in dwarfed as opposed to non-dwarfed varieties.


Patient is a seventy year old Egyptian female with past medical history of coronary artery disease, systolic heart failure, chronic kidney disease stage 3, hiatal hernia, and a benign pheochromocytoma previously worked up at a neighboring hospital, who was admitted for dyspnea and subjective fever intermittently for the past two weeks. Vitals on admission were normal except for a pulse oximetry of 93% and heart rate of 110. Chest x-ray revealed bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. She was treated for community acquired pneumonia with ceftriaxone and azithromycin. Four days after admission patient had a rapid response for respiratory distress and code sepsis called for fever of 102 degrees, leukocytosis of 23 (from 11.3 on admission), respiratory rate of 30, heart rate of 131, with blood pressure of 183/56 and pulse oximetry of 84%. Patient was intubated and transferred to ICU, where antibiotic coverage was broadened with vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam. Pan cultures obtained on admission returned negative and her symptoms resolved two days later. Patient's antibiotics were deescalated and patient was then discharged home. It was thought that her sepsis was likely secondary to pneumonia resulting in acute hypercapnic hypoxic respiratory failure. Patient returned four days later and was readmitted directly to the ICU for worsening dyspnea with a temperature of 102.0, leukocytosis of 27.4, heart rate of 149, respiratory rate of 30, with a blood pressure of 172/90 and pulse oximetry of 83%. Chest x-ray revealed new bilateral infiltrates from previous admission. Patient was intubated and treated with piperacillin-tazobactam, vancomycin, and gentamycin. Cultures again were obtained and again returned negative. At this point it was thought patient's hiatal hernia was leading to cough and aspiration during sleep causing recurrent pneumonia, but this did not explain the negative cultures. It was then thought after researching similar cases that the patient's pheochromocytoma could be leading to a "pseudo" septic picture. Records were obtained from a neighboring hospital that were significant for a PET scan revealing a 2.6x1.9cm left adrenal nodule with increased FDG avidity, elevated serum total metanephrines (676 mcg), urine total metanephrines (2021 mcg), urine normetanephrines (173 mcg). The pathology from biopsy study results were most consistent with pheochromocytoma with neoplastic cells, reactive for chromogranin, synaptophysin and vimentin. It was then determined that patient's septic symptoms were likely due to pheochromocytoma as patient's blood pressure would coincide with febrile episodes and dyspnea. Patient was placed on prazosin and blood pressure normalized during admission without return of fever. Pheochromocytoma should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis in the setting of recurrent dyspnea and sepsis when more common causes have been ruled out. It is also important to do this early as to prevent unnecessary antibiotic use and to prevent antibiotic resistance.


Ethernet ring protection (ERP) is a new technology based on OAM (operations, administration, and maintenance) being standardized by the ITU-T G.8032 working group. In this paper, we present the recent development of Ethernet ring protection which is called FDB (filtering database) flush scheme and propose a new Ethernet ring protection technique introducing a managed FDB using APS to deliver information how to fix FDB selectively. We discuss the current development of the ERP technology at ITU-T and performance comparisons between different proposals.


Abstract Dissipation of the charge injected into the 0.5 × 0.5 µm2 surface areas of [100] – oriented 500 nm-thick epitaxial NaNbO3 film was studied by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy. The elliptical area of the electric potential spot dissipates during ∼4 ÷ 4.5 h via leakage through the film surface and substrate. At the final stage, a small negative surface potential clearly manifests itself in the places of the surface blocks as existed before injection. This inherent potential explains previously found unipolarity of this film. The charge diffusion coefficient and mobility of charge carriers are estimated.


Rotating cantilever beams can be found in several practical engineering applications such as turbine blades and helicopter rotor blades. For reliable and economic design, it is necessary to estimate the dynamic characteristics of those structures accurately and efficiently since significant variation of dynamic characteristics resulted from rotational motion of the structures. Recently, Differential Transformation Method (DTM) was proposed by Zhou. This method has been applied to fluid dynamics and vibration problems, and has shown accuracy, efficiency and convenience in solving differential equations. The purpose of this study, the free vibration analysis of a rotating cantilever beam, is to seek for the reliable property of DTM and confidence in the results obtained by this method by comparing the results with that of finite element method applied to linear partial differential equations. In particular, this study is worked by supposing optional Tfunction values because the equations governing chordwise motion are based on two differential equations coupled with each other. This study also shows mode shapes of rotating cantilever beams for various rotating speeds.


In this research we investigate different bespoke CDO pricing methods and models. Four mapping methods rooted in the one factor Gaussian copula model and another bespoke CDO pricing model developed from an alternative Hull & White's framework are of our great interest. For the four mapping methods, we analyzed them one by one to point out their advantages and drawbacks. For the Hull & White's bespoke CDO pricing model, we first solve the calibration difficulty for the heterogeneous version of the model and then extended it based on the assumption that the two index jumps processes are independent from one another. We first test the two models with the no arbitrage conditions and find that the Hull & White's model is by definition arbitrage free whereas the base correlation methodology under one factor Gaussian copula model is not. We next compare the performance of the Hull & White's bespoke CDO pricing model with the moneyness matching method which we consider as a representative of the four mapping methods. The results show that the prices produced by moneyness matching method is close to the market consensus price but the price from Hull & White's bespoke CDO pricing model deviates from the consensus price most prominently in equity and senior tranches.


From the perspective of micro-subjects of rapeseed planting, namely, the rape seed planting farmers, this paper made an analysis on factors influencing supply of rapeseed in provinces of China on the basis of panel data of 14 provinces producing rapeseed. Analysis indicates that decision of rapeseed planting area is influenced by planting area of the previous year and comparative benefits of rapeseed and the substitute crop wheat, while the local non-agricultural employment level exerts little influence on decision of rapeseed planting area. Finally, it came up with pertinent policy recommendations: since lagging influence of previous planting decisions and selection of planting decisions are a long period, formulation and implementation of any policy should consider long-term subsequent effect, instead of excessively focusing on policy objectives; strengthening new technological researches of new rapeseed varieties relying on scientific and technological innovation, enhancing construction of rapeseed production infrastructure, and improving integrated rapeseed production capacity, so as to increase relative income of rapeseed planting.


In this paper, we propose a stochastic subgradient method to solve a nondifferentiable constrained quasi-convex optimization problem. A unit noisy (unbiased) quasi-subgradient, involving the stochastic noise in the quasi-subgradient, is employed in each iteration in place of the deterministic quasi-subgradient. Assuming the Hölder condition of order p, we investigate the convergence properties of the stochastic subgradient method by using the constant, diminishing and dynamic stepsize rules. The stochastic subgradient method has the attractive computational advantage that it avoids the difficulty of calculating the exact quasi-subgradient, while it shares the same convergence behavior as that of the exact subgradient method almost surely, which achieves a more precise tolerance than that of inexact subgradient method. We further apply the stochastic subgradient method to solve the Cobb-Douglas production efficiency problem. The numerical results verify our theoretical results and show the high efficiency of the stochastic subgradient method, especially for large-scale problems.


To satisfy dynamic authorization of WorkFlow Management System(WFMS) ,this paper proposes a Role-Based Access Control(RBAC) model that supports authorization constraint. In this model,authorization constraint model for WFMS is specified by Datalog logical language and an authorization algorithm is implemented using Datalog's decision,making mechanisms. WFMS's dynamic constrained authorization problem is solved with the method.


With the sustainable construction the emphasis is placed on saving energy, reducing of consumption of natural resources, extending the life cycle of recycling, etc. One of the important groups of waste materials that can be reused are waste polymers. These materials are used in the design of thermal insulation composite material. The crucial property of materials used for thermal insulation is the coefficient of thermal conductivity. Thermal conductivity coefficients of waste polymers however do not meet the requirements. For this reason, waste polymers are within the development of thermal insulation composite material combined with filler with a low coefficient of thermal conductivity. In developing of this composite material the developers combine a method of theoretically optimized software design of blends with their production and experimental verification. Possibility of application of thermal insulation composite material can be seen especially in the structural details, in which it is necessary to eliminate the thermal bridges, but also details where the requirements are applied to the mechanical resistance and static load bearing capacity.


Do you the invention provides a kind of MIPI? the test macro of DSI controller, comprise decoder and comparator, described decoder is connected with comparator, does is described decoder used for and MIPI? DSI controller connects, does is described decoder used for MIPI? the MIPI that DSI controller is sent? does is DSI signal converted to non-MIPI? DSI signal by non-MIPI? DSI signal sends to comparator; Does is described comparator used for and MIPI? DSI controller connects, is described comparator for sending vision signal to MIPI? DSI controller comparison of video signals and non-MIPI? whether the content of DSI signal is consistent and export comparative result.Does the present invention realize MIPI? the functional test of DSI controller, cost is low, and it is convenient to realize, and test process is simple, solve existing MIPI? the problem that DSI controller functional test is complicated, cost is high.


The giant magnetoimpedance(GMI)effect implies a significant change in the AC impedance of the material with the variation of an external magnetic field.The GMI magnetic sensor based on the effect has the character of high sensitivity,small dimension and low power consumption,and has tremendous application prospects.Research status of magnetic sensor based on the magnetoimpedance effect is introduced.The working principle and characteristics of the magnetic field sensor,current sensor and biologic sensor are highlighted.Existing problems and development trends of GMI sensors are pointed out.


Great development of vocational education is a wise strategy based on human resources.One of the key factors for the quality of higher vocational education lies in the top-quality teaching materials,which should have such characteristics as progressiveness,height,and vocation to reach the goal of expanding competence and knowledge.


Wieland-K57 (UNS C70350) is copper alloyed with low nickel for good fabricability for parts in the electrical industry. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and bend strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as joining. Filing Code: Cu-899. Producer or source: Wieland Metals, Inc..


The type system of most modern functional programming languages is based on Milner's polymorphism. A compiler or interpreter usually checks (or infers) the types of functions and other values by directly inspecting the source code of a program. Here, another approach is taken: The program is first translated into code for a stack machine and then a non-standard interpreter applied to this code checks (or infers) the type of the corresponding values. This can be seen as an abstract interpretation of the object code of the program.


In this paper, we present our ongoing effort and progress in developing digital signal processing (DSP) laboratory coursework based on an embedded microcontroller (MCU)-based development platform. In particular, the MCU platform adopted for the DSP course uses the same ARM Cortex-M4 platform used in our embedded systems courses at Western Washington University. The goals of this work are twofold. One, by reducing student time spent on learning new development hardware and software, additional concepts can be introduced in the lab and enhanced learning outcomes can be added to the DSP course. Two, by introducing DSP implementation in embedded MCUs, student success in completing DSP-based capstone projects that meet realistic design constraints will be improved. Learning outcomes and assessment measures are introduced to determine the success of the work. If shown to be successful, this work may be adapted to the EE curricula in other institutions and may be adopted in other curricular areas such as controls and communications.


The gate voltage dependence of the source‐drain current of a chemically assembled Fe3O4 nanocrystal film single‐electron transistor reflects the energy level splitting of the minority spin 3d band due to two‐electron Coulomb repulsion in each nanocrystal. Using the Langmuir–Blodgett technique, a Fe3O4 nanocrystal self‐assembled film was deposited on a quartz substrate where a three‐terminal electrode made of Au was prefabricated. At 300 K in a magnetic field of 0.2 T, the source‐drain current peaked near the source‐drain bias voltage of 100 V at a gate voltage of +1 to +3 V. At a bias voltage of 100 V, a gate voltage of +1 V amplified the current 13 times more than at a gate voltage of 0 V. Upon increasing the gate voltage to +5 V, the amplification of the current declined to less than three times more than at 0 V. At the optimized gate voltage, by adjusting the empty upper band energy of each Fe3O4 nanocrystal over the gate electrode to match the filled lower band energy outside of the gate electrode, the tunneling current can be greatly increased, because electron transport via the empty state of each nanocrystal over the gate electrode requires no extra energy cost.


* These authors contributed equally to the work † Corresponding authors who have contributed equally Representing phenotypes in a structured and standardized manner across different biological species poses significant challenges. We performed a modeling experiment to compare a model called the Canon model, and the PATO for representing a range of biological and clinical phenotypes. The formal nature of Canon model allows for complex representations, but lacks the simplicity offered by PATO. A phenotype model allowing flexible representation with unique semantic interpretation is desired.


In this project, ISTN proposed to develop a new "3rd" generation of insulation technology. The focus was a cost-effective foaming process that could be used to manufacture XPS and other extruded polymer foams using environmentally clean blowing agents, and ultimately achieve higher R-values than existing products while maintaining the same level of cost-efficiency. In the U.S., state-of-the-art products are primarily manufactured by two companies: Dow and Owens Corning. These products (i.e., STYROFOAM and FOAMULAR) have a starting thermal resistance of R-5.0/inch, which declines over the life of the product as the HFC blowing agents essential to high R-value exchange with air in the environment. In the existing technologies, the substitution of CO2 for HFCs as the primary foaming agent results in a much lower starting R-value, as evidenced in CO2-foamed varieties of XPS in Europe with R-4.2/inch insulation value. The major overarching achievement from this project was ISTN's development of a new process that uses CO2 as a clean blowing agent to achieve up to R-5.2/inch at the manufacturing scale, with a production cost on a per unit basis that is less than the cost of Dow and Owens Corning XPS products.


The two epimers (−)-1a and (−)-1b of the macrocyclic lactam alkaloid 3-hydroxycelacinnine with the (2R,3R) and (2R,3S) absolute configurations, respectively, were synthesized by an alternative route involving macrocyclization with the regio- and stereoselective oxirane-ring opening by the terminal amino group (Schemes 2 and 6). Properly N-protected chiral trans-oxirane precursors provided (2R,3R)-macrocycles after a one-pot deprotection-macrocyclization step under moderate dilution (0.005–0.01M). The best yields (65–85%) were achieved with trifluoroacetyl protection. Macrocyclization of the corresponding cis-oxiranes was unsuccessful for steric reasons. Inversion at OHC(3) via nucleophilic displacement of the cyclic sulfamidate derivative with NaNO2 led to (2R,3S)-macrocycles. The synthesized (−)-(2R,3S)-3-hydroxycelacinnine ((−)-1b) was identical to the natural alkaloid.


We consider bosonic noncritical strings as QCD string. We present an basic strategy to construct them, in the context of Liouville theory. We show that Dirichlet boundary condition fills important roles in generalized Liouville theory. Specifically, it is used to stabilize the classical configuration of strings, and also utilized to treat the tachyon condensation, in our model. We point out that Dirichlet boundary condition for Liouville mode keeps Weyl invariance, if an appropriate condition is satisfied, in the background with (non-linear) dilaton. ∗e-mail address : firstname.lastname@example.com


Relationships between peer acceptance, peer victimization, and self-esteem in adolescents were examined in a sample of 392 eighth grade students(189 boys and 203 girls). Data were collected using questionnaires regarding peer acceptance(social preference and social status), peer victimization, and self-esteem of adolescents. High social preference was positively related to self-esteem. Social preference varied as a function of social status both in boys and in girls. Popular boys had higher self-esteem than neglected and rejected boys; popular girls had higher self-esteem than neglected girls, who had higher self-esteem than rejected girls. The more boys and girls were victimized by peers, the lower their self-esteem. The higher their social preference, the less they were victimized. Rejected boys and girls experienced peer victimization much more than either popular or neglected boys and girls.


The strategic challenges for science and technology in the Amazon include the definition of priorities for research and ways to support it. Research whose aim is the sustainability of the population of the Amazon should be a priority. The types of research mentioned in the book "Livro Verde" ["Green Book"] by the Ministry of Science and Technology, prioritize large networks which work with high-tech equipment. This approach, which can be called "the genome approach", is inappropriate for many high priority issues in the Amazon. The genome approach also does not stimulate the creation of new ideas, which are essential for the progress of science in this region. Strategies to support the Amazonian population include the production of commodities, normally with the destruction of the forest. However, the most promising, long-term strategy is based on the maintenance of the forest as a source of environmental services, which can be classified in three categories: biodiversity, water cycling and reduction of the greenhouse effect. The reduction of the greenhouse effect has a great possibility to become a significant source of exchange value in the short term. It is necessary to understand the dynamics of deforestation in order to develop efficient means of controlling this process and to take advantage of the strategy of giving greater importance to environmental services.


In the context of LES of turbulent flows, the control of kinetic energy seems to be an essential requirement for a numerical scheme. Designing such an algorithm, that is, as less dissipative as possible while being simple, for the resolution of variable density Navier–Stokes equations is the aim of the present work. The developed numerical scheme, based on a pressure correction technique, uses a Crank–Nicolson time discretization and a staggered space discretization relying on the Rannacher–Turek finite element. For the inertia term in the momentum balance equation, we propose a finite volume discretization, for which we derive a discrete analogue of the continuous kinetic energy local conservation identity. Contrary to what was obtained for the backward Euler discretization, the dissipation defect term associated to the Crank–Nicolson scheme is second order in time. This behavior is evidenced by numerical simulations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A novel Zn( ii )-phthalocyanine (1), peripherally substituted with four bis( N , N , N -trimethyl)amino-2-propyloxy groups prepared by chemical synthesis, is shown to be an efficient photodynamic sensitizer with a quantum yield of 0.6 for singlet oxygen generation in neat water, which is reduced to about 0.3 in phosphate-buffered saline. The physico-chemical properties of 1 in both the ground and the electronically excited states strongly depend on the nature of the medium; in particular, aggregation of 1 was favoured by polar media of high ionic strength. Compound 1 exhibited an appreciable affinity for a typical Gram-positive bacterium ( Staphylococcus aureus ) and a typical Gram-negative bacterium ( Escherichia coli ). Both bacterial strains were extensively inactivated upon 5 min-irradiation with 675 nm light in the presence of 1 µM photosensitizer, even though the binding of 1 to the two bacterial cells appears to occur according to different pathways. In particular, E. coli cells underwent initial photodamage at the level of specific proteins in the outer wall, thus promoting the penetration of the photosensitizer to the cytoplasmic membrane where some enzymes critical for cell survival were inactivated.


Race records were obtained for 31 thoroughbred racehorses that were treated conservatively (rest, improvement of fitness and/or use of a tongue tie) for dorsal displacement of the soft palate, and for 62 matched control horses. Their racing performance, based on prize money won, was compared for three races run before and after the disorder was diagnosed. Nineteen (61 per cent) of the conservatively treated horses had higher earnings after conservative treatment than before treatment, compared with 27 (43·5 per cent) of the controls. There was a significant (P=0·049) increase in the earnings of the horses treated conservatively, but there was no significant difference in the earnings of the control group.


Internet users arerapidly increased, andvarious services, whichuseInternet, areinvented. Internet telephony service isoneofthem.AsInternet services becomeanevermore important partofpeople lives -backedbyamarkedincrease in thenumberofInternet population -aflowofvalue-added Web services havebeenintroduced tothemarket. Internet telephony service wasbornasa moreeconomical meansthanPublic Switched Telephony Network(PSTN)service intermsofcall charge, butmorerecently isbeing hailed asanefficient meansto createnew added-values integrating variousInternet multimedia services suchasvideo phone, multi-party conference, andinstant messaging. Afteremerging as a starplayerinthemarketwith innovative technologies, however, VoIPhasrecently been challenged astheU.S.Federal Communications Commission (FCC)issued anorder"requiring allVoIPproviders toprovide their customers withemergencycallservice" inMay 2005. Internet telephony usershavean expectation tobeableto initiate arequest forhelpincaseofanemergency. Theproblem arises fororiginating calls madetoemergency services, where VoIPdevices movewhileidentifiers remainthesameandthe caller's location cannotbe provided. So,unfortunately the existing mechanisms tosupportemergencycalls thathave evolved within thePSTN,arenotappropriate tohandle evolving IP-based telephony service. Inthispaper, we introduce E911service andsuggest the mechanisms thatsolve theproblemofE911service calling on SIP-based VoIPsystem.


AIM
Our aim is to identify the subgroups of women undergoing breast conserving surgery (BCS) who are at high risk for positive surgical margins and who require a re-excision procedure and understand the characteristics of tumor and hormone receptors that will allow surgeons to remove larger margins.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
One hundred twenty-nine patients with invasive carcinoma in breast who underwent BCS were included in the study. Women with a positive surgical margin (n = 61) required re-excision procedure.

RESULTS
Patients with high grade breast cancer, negative hormone receptor status, high Ki-67 status, upper outer quadrant tumor, and associated ductal carcinoma were more likely to undergo tumor removal and re-excision.

CONCLUSION
The pathological and clinical predictors described above that meet these criteria require the removal of larger margins for safety in order to minimize the rate of positive surgical margins.

KEY WORDS
Estrogen Receptor, Hormone receptor status, Positive surgical margin.


A biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) sensor, based on an immobilized mixed cultures combined a Clark-type oxygen electrode, has been developed for the purpose of monitoring for industrial wastewater. The BOD sensor was based on a pre-tested designed microbial consortium, resulting in 4 min for one measurement followed by 8 min recovery time. Reproducibility of responses was blow 5.1%. The influence of pH, temperature and heavy metal ions was also discussed. Good agreement was achieved between the results of the sensor BOD measurement and those obtained from conventional BOD5 analysis of several industrial wastewater samples.


The present invention relates to a method for producing DTDP, and relates to a method for preventing the formation of acicular crystals of phthalic anhydride in a collection tube.  The preparation method of the present invention comprises the steps of adding phthalic anhydride and tridecyl alcohol; Atmospheric pressure step; Cooling step; A deoxidation step of introducing an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution; Primary political stage; Washing step; Secondary political stage; And a vacuum reaction step. When manufacturing the DTDP by the above production method, the formation of acicular crystals of phthalic anhydride is suppressed, thereby improving the reaction rate, improving the product purity and yield, and shortening the production time. DTDP, needle crystal, phthalic anhydride, tridecyl alcohol, forget-me-not


Introduction ERBB family of receptors tirosine kinases (RTK) are potent drivers of tumorogenesis and metastasis. In breast tumours, 70%–80% of patients, although clinically not classified as HER2 positive, show low or moderate expression of HER2 along with EGFR and ERBB3. Concomitant blockade with specific monoclonal antibodies based on proteomic profile determined by Reverse Phase Protein Array (RPPA), appears as a beneficial approach to improve treatment strategies. Material and methods Cancer cells lines from different breast cancer subtypes were selected based on their ERBB expression levels. Cell number was quantified upon exposure to different ligands (HRG1β, EGF, AREG, TGF) and to combinations of monoclonal antibodies targeting EGFR, ERBB2 and ERBB3 (cetuximab, trastuzumab/pertuzumab and lumretuzumab respectively). Using RPPA and over 100 specific antibodies, abundance and phosphorylation states of downstream signalling molecules in an extended MAPK/AKT network were quantified. Results and discussions Short time stimulation with ERBB ligands, allowed to determine phosphorylation state of the ERBB receptors and their immediate downstream signalling effectors in different cell lines, and thus, to elucidate which combination therapy would be more effective in reverting such activation. For luminal A cell lines T47D and MCF7, stimulation with HRG1β led to a high phosphorylation levels of ERBB3 in both cell lines, but not for ERBB2, with higher phosphorylation in the T47D cell line. Proteomic activation profiles correlated with efficacy of inhibition after combination treatment with pertuzumab/lumretuzumab. For the triple negative cell lines MDA-MB468 and MDA-MB231, response to ligands stimulation did not identify a common activation pattern and thus only blockade of EGFR receptor showed minimal effects in MDA-MB468. Phosphorylation status of downstream signalling effectors in the AKT/MAPK network may help to identify putative targets responsible for incomplete unresponsiveness to ERBB blockade. Conclusion Targeting ERBB members in a HER2 moderate/low scenario seems to be a promising approach when combining targeted therapies. Phenotypic characterisation together with mathematical modelling based on the proteomic activation profile, aroused as a way to better predict response to drug combinations. Better characterisation of ERBB network activation profile in different tumour cell lines and in further tumour tissues, should help to pave the way to improve personalization treatment in HER2 low breast cancers.


Community detection in complex networks has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Communities play special roles in the structure-function relationship; therefore, detecting communities can be a way to identify substructures that could correspond to important functions. Social networks can be formalized by a statistical model in which interactions between actors are generated based on some assumptions. We adopt the idea and introduce a statistical model of the interactions between social network's actors, and we use Bayesian network (probabilistic graphical model) to show the relation between model variables. Through the use Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm, we drive estimates for the model parameters and propose a community detection algorithm based on the EM estimates. The proposed algorithm works well with directed and undirected networks, and with weighted and un-weighted networks. The algorithm yields very promising results when applied to the community detection problem.


The Statistical data of Pollution discharge is very important to environmental management,but only the rural domestic pollution is not clear to us up to now.The state pays more attention to rural environmental protection now.In order to construct a perfect environment statistics system and control all kinds of pollutions,it's very prospective and important to make clear the characteristic of rural domestic pollution and operation to carry out environmental statistics.


We describe t design Of a reduced complexity in terface to an ATM based gigabit network. and present interim performance results. We describe how a simple yet high-performance interface can be implemented through the close coupling of hardware design and device driver development. To put our work in perspective, we explore the trade-offs between host interface complexity and pro cessing power., We look in particular at one complex ATM function, segmentation and reassembly (SAR) processing, and describe various approaches. Keywords: ATM, host interface issues, VuNet, de vice drivers


[Objective] To investigate the changes of bone mineral density(BMD)in female patients with hypothyroidism.[Methods] BMD of hip and lumbar vertebrae were measured by DEXA in the patients(n =104.aged 20-68)and in healthy subjects(n =123,aged 20-69).The BMDs of the patients were compared with those of age-matched control group.[Results] The BMDs of hip and lumbar vertebrae in patients with hypothyroidism had no significant difference,compared with those of control group(P 0.05).[Conclusion] BMDs in female patients with hypothyroidism is simirar with BMDs in normal females.


Due to the structural characteristics of the inner and outer stator surrounding the rotor, the thermal circuit of the double stator motor is more complex than that of the single stator motor, and heat dissipation is more difficult. Based on a dual-stator ferrite permanent magnet motor (DS-FPMM) with an auxiliary inner stator, the temperature distribution and electromagnetic performance of the motor are compared and analyzed by direct coupling and electro-thermal two-way coupling methods. The results of finite element analysis show that the motor temperature obtained by two-way coupling is higher than that obtained by direct coupling, and the motor performance is reduced to a certain extent.


Background: Obesity is considered a major risk factor for breast cancer. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time-efficient exercise that significantly advances cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy subjects. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of HIIT on cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in survivors of breast cancer who are overweight and obese. Methods: Sixty overweight and obese female breast cancer survivors, aged 40 to 60 years, 6 months after completing therapies were included in this study. The patients were randomly allocated to 2 groups: the HIIT group (n = 30; administered HIIT program 3 sessions per week for 8 successive weeks) and the control group (n = 30; received usual care measures). Cardiorespiratory fitness, measured using maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2 peak ), and body composition were evaluated in patients of both groups at baseline and after the intervention period. Results: V˙O2 peak increased significantly by 3.77 mL⋅kg−1⋅min−1 between pre- and posttreatment (P ˂ .05) in the HIIT group. Body mass indexes in both groups were similar (P > .05). Women in the HIIT group showed significant fat mass changes, fat mass percentage, and lean body mass (P ˂ .05). Conclusion: This study shows that HIIT effectively improves cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in breast cancer survivors.


Since graphene isolation in 2004, the 2D materials is a blooming research field. Due to its unique properties, sp2 hybridized boron nitride (BN) has been acknowledge as a key towards integration of other 2D materials in devices. Indeed, it is structurally very close to graphene – their lattice mismatch is only 1.7%a semiconductor, atomically flat and thermally and chemically inert. It is therefore a choice material to be used in the van der Waals heterostructures with other 2D materials either as a top layer to protect another 2D material from its environment [1], or as a dielectric interlayer [2] and mostly, as a flat substrate [3]. However, these applications have been demonstrated using mechanically exfoliated BN from low defective and highly crystalline single crystals. Yet, this process limits the size of the devices that can be created to sub millimeter scale. In order to develop devices at a wafer scale, it is therefore critical to master the synthesis sp2 hybridized BN layers at low cost, large scale and high quality.


The global demand for science and engineering professionals is at its peak, yet relatively few Canadian students choose post-secondary programs in certain STEM-related fields leading to an under capacity in the labour market. In this study we used a quantitative research methodology to investigate the influence of family determinants on the decisions of students who decide to pursue an undergraduate Engineering degree. A survey of 151 undergraduate engineering students at Memorial University identified high parental income and education, financial support by parents, parental advice/encouragement, parental pressure to be academically competitive, and value for a degree in science or engineering among family members as key enabling influences for students who opt for university-level engineering studies. Following on the findings from this research and other recent work in this area, we suggest several tangible school-family based strategies and other policy options that could be useful in motivating more high school students to pursue a career in engineering.


The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), formerly known as One Belt One Road Initiative, is China's and President Xi Jinping's ambitious policy that globally fosters infrastructure and economic development in an effort to create a trade network with African and European countries with China as the central hub. Founded in 2013, the BRI has historically sought out third-world and developing nations that are abandoned by the West and offered loans to fund infrastructure and economic stimulus projects. However, out of a number of successful projects, a few failed economic ventures in BRI countries resulted in the third world perspective of the BRI inaccurately shifting from mutually beneficial to predatory debt-trap diplomacy. In reality, there is no evidence of China purposely bankrupting BRI countries in order to achieve a secret military or neo - colonial agenda and in fact, China has been a net economic benefit to the majority of BRI countries. This paper will disprove the "debt-trap narrative", argue for the benefits of the BRI, and recommend that in order to overcome this perceived predatory perspective of the BRI, China needs to be clearer about their interests in BRI countries and reshape the adversarial debtor-collector relationships that they approach BRI countries with.


We have studied the scattering of plane waves from cylinders and spheres with complex impedance boundary conditions using the Kirchhoff method and the Luneburg–Kline method. A stationary phase approximation is made in the Kirchhoff derivation to eliminate spurious contributions from the boundary of the insonified region. Terms of order up to (ka)−2 are retained. Dependence of the cross section on the complex impedance, the incident wave frequency, as well as on the azimuthal angle is illustrated. The curves are found to obey several near symmetries. Further, the Luneburg–Kline method is found to lead to predictions which are often qualitatively different from those of the Kirchhoff method, and the former is observed to be more reliable. Convergence of the Luneburg–Kline terms is studied and is found to be quite satisfactory.


A new way of thinking and using our brain is required to meet 21st Century unexpected and multi-dimensional challenges. Using models and strictly rational and logical processes is no longer sufficient in formulating successful solutions. The ability to forecast, identify trends, and make accurate predictions is becoming more critical in evaluating scenarios and making decisions. This study addresses the concept of intuition and the research demonstrates the important role that intuition plays in our thinking process whether we are conscious of it or not. The purpose of the study was to extract a better understanding of the intuitive thought process from participants' professional experiences. The findings indicate that intuition can provide clarity of thought and increase the speed of decision-making while providing valid solutions and potentially induce a higher level of consciousness. From this research Dr. Surel created Intuitive Intelligence Training that incorporates findings in neuroscience, the heart function, remote viewing, and principles of quantum physics. This book will interest anyone wishing to shift their cognitive functions into multi-dimensional thinking.


By referring to Levi-Strauss' Tristes Tropiques,the article tackles the interpretation of music's meaning with Chopin's Etude in E major (Op10,No.3) as an example.


: The remote sensor local area (WSN) with fluctuating environs is most likely inclined to different types of vindictive digital attacks, and they're regularly relying upon the verification and encryption calculation to amaze this task. most significant directing plans in writing are backup plans in portraying the vindictive hubs on networks as a result of the genuine time variety of steering data. on this canvases, a blockchain-based confirmation conspire is proposed for quiet directing in the wi-fi Sensor Networks (WSNs). The unauthenticated and noxious hubs affect the steering framework and the best character of the directing way transforms into an intense issue. thusly, in our model, to save you the support of pernicious hubs inside the local area, the enlistment of the hubs is accomplished with the guide of a testament Authority Node (CAN). each hub that partakes in the steering is validated with the guide of the base Station (BS) and a shared verification is finished.


1. The vascular endothelium produces endothelium‐derived relaxing factor (EDRF) or nitric oxide (NO), which exerts vasodilation through cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) as a second messenger. To determine whether EDRF has any vasodilating and natriuretic action in man, the present study examined the effects of l‐arginine (l‐Arg), a substrate for NO, on the responses of mean blood pressure (MBP) and heart rate (HR); plasma concentrations of cGMP, atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and nitrite/nitrate (NOx); urinary excretion of sodium, cGMP and NOx; and urinary flow in eight normal male subjects. These parameters were compared with those following saline infusion in the same subjects. Clearance of para‐aminohippuric acid (PAH) and inulin was studied in five normal subjects.


Background: A study in Indonesia conducted in the DKI Jakarta area in 2002 showed that 15% experienced depression during pregnancy and 20% depression after childbirth. Self esteem and self efficacy are things that affect mental condition. This study aims to determine the relationship of self-esteem and self-efficacy on health conditions in pregnant women. Subjects and Method: This study is a quantitative study with cross-sectional design involving a sample of 182 respondents from midwife independent practice in East Jakarta in January-June 2019. Univariate analysis was used to determine the description of the characteristics of respondents. SEM analysis was used to determine the relationship between variables of self-esteem, self-efficacy and mental health. Results: The interaction of self esteem and self efficacy shows a strong relationship of 0.9. The path coefficient from self esteem to mental health of -0.55, from self efficacy to mental health of -0.04. Conclusion: Self esteem for mental illness has a negative effect with a moderate effect. Self efficacy also has a negative direction and is very weak. Keywords : mental health, maternal mental health, postpartum blues/depression Coresspondence: Cicilya Candi. Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com. Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2019), 4(4): 267-273 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2019.04.04.03


The Communication Alarm Processor Expert System (CAP), developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for the Bonneville Power Administration, is a near real-time system that aids microwave communication system operators with interpreting the cause of large communication system problems [Purucker89]. Problems in the communications network are indicated by the real-time arrival of alarms at the central control site. CAP receives and processes these alarms, then presents the operator with a sorted list indicating the most probable cause (and location) generating the alarms.
However, to achieve multiple problem diagnosis a diagnostic strategy is needed that: 1) satisfies the previously defined near real-time processing constraints, 2) "scales up" easily to handle large real-world applications (i.e., applications with more than 50 problems/components), and 3) gives the operator highly reliable information on the current status of the communications network. This paper describes recent successful results of our efforts to develop a general multiple problem (fault) diagnostic strategy that meets these requirements. The CAP system is currently being upgraded to incorporate this new strategy.


- The paper examines efficiency in public input provision in two large jurisdictions with imperfect labour markets. - It analyses how equilibrium capital tax rates and public input provision levels differ between asymmetric jurisdictions that can strategically influence the interest rate on the common capital market in an international tax competition setting. - The corresponding lack in research and the motivation of the paper is explained in section 1 of the paper. - We use an international tax competition setting with public inputs (productive public goods) where regions are asymmetric (non-price-taking environment) and labour markets are distorted. - Decentralised jurisdictions maximise welfare of employed and unemployed individuals (benevolent governments). - Analysis of the decentralised Nash-equilibrium (Cournot-Nash), where policy makers select tax and expenditure instruments strategically to maximise the welfare in their region (for various tax games). - Comparative statics analysis of the reaction of capital and labour to a change in policy instruments: Public inputs, source-based capital taxes, head taxes. - Derivation of equilibrium capital tax rates, labour tax rates, and public input provision levels for different tax games. - The non-cooperative equilibrium is inefficient also when governments have capital and head taxes at disposal. - As a source of both the distortion in the capital allocation between jurisdictions and the inefficiency in public input provision, we identify the governments' incentives to decrease unemployment, as well as fiscal and pecuniary externalities. - Efficiency in public input provision can be restored, if the set of fiscal instruments available for regional policy makers is extended by a labour tax.


Triassic tracks and trackways assigned to dinosaur trackmakers or closest relatives have been mentioned from several Middle to the latest Triassic successions from both northern and southern Pangea. At present, the earliest gondwanan records are those from the Middle Triassic Los Rastros Formation in west-central Argentina. A reanalysis of Los Rastros ichnites at the Ischichuca area, including new material, has revealed the presence of a more diverse ichnofauna than previously suspected. The ichnocoenosis includes several tracks and trackways of bipeds with functionally tridactyl digitigrade pes, well developed claws, and a parasagittal posture of the hindlimbs. Previously, some large tridactyl footprints from the Ischichuca area were allied to theropod dinosaurs, although no synapomophies are preserved in the three-toed footprints that might discriminate among theropods, basal saurischians and basal ornithischian groups as their possible trackmakers. If the Ischichuca trackmakers are referred to a dinosaur taxon and/or to a close dinosaur sister-taxon, their presence in the Los Rastros levels suggests that derived dinosauriforms (including dinosaurs) had diverged and acquired their characteristic functionally tridactyl pes by at least the Middle Triassic, something that the body-fossil record has failed to document to date.


Objective To observe the changes of plasma Endothelin 1 (ET 1) and nitric oxide (NO), and the treatment effect of sodium ferulate on patients with renal hypertension and chronic renal insufficiency. Methods Group I: sixty patients with renal hypertension and chronic renal insufficiency were divided into two groups randomly: A and B. The patients in Group A were treated with sodium ferulate and the routine therapy while those in Group B were treated only with the routine therapy. The serum concentration of ET 1 and NO were measured. Results The level of plasma ET 1 was higher and the level of NO was lower in Group A and B than those in Group C (P0.01). In Group A, plasma ET 1, BUN, Scr and urinary protein decreased while plasma NO increased significantly after the treatment (P0.01). Compared with Group B those changes in Group A were more significant (P0.01). There was a positive correlation between ET 1 and Bp. There was a negative correlation between NO and Bp. Conclusion The level of plasma ET 1 of the patients was markedly higher than that of the normal subjects in the control group, while NO was markedly lower. Sodium ferulate can regulate the balance of plasma ET 1 and NO in patients with renal hypertension and chronic renal insufficiency. Sodium ferulate plays an important role in protecting renal functions and delaying chronic renal failure.


The state-estimation and optimal control of multigeneration systems are challenging for wide-area systems having numerous distributed automatic voltage regulators (AVR). This paper proposes a modified Q-learning method and algorithm that aim to improve the convergence of the approach and enhance the dynamic response and stability of the terminal voltage of multiple generators in the experimental Western System Coordinating Council (WSCC) and large-scale IEEE 39-bus test systems. The large-scale experimental testbed consists of a six-area, 39-bus system having ten generators that are connected to ten AVRs. The implementation shows promising results in providing stable terminal voltage profiles and other system parameters across a wide range of AVR systems under different test scenarios including N-1 contingency and fault conditions. The approach could provide significant stability improvement for wide-area systems as compared to the implementation of conventional methods such as using standalone AVR and/or power system stabilizers (PSS) for the wide-area control of power systems.


The paper defines the construction of a resonant-tunneling transistor (RTT), optimised for practical realization. The technology has been worked out and the RTT samples have been produced. Their static and dynamic performances as well as the working band have been analyzed. It has been shown that the devices are efficient up to 21 GHz.


Micropore size distributions of various carbonaceous materials were obtained using two methods based on the Dubinin−Radushkevich equation and the relationship between the characteristic parameter of this equation and the pore width. One method was the well-known Dubinin−Radushkevich−Stoeckli (DRS) equation, and the other method used the integral adsorption equation without assuming a mathematical distribution for dw0/dE0. These methods were applied to carbon dioxide adsorption data on four activated carbons and eight chars to obtain micropore size distributions. Significant differences were found between the results obtained by the two methods. The DRS method gives an average of the distribution obtained by the method using the integral adsorption equation, because the latter is not constrained to a particular preassumed shape. The results reveal that the differences are more significant for the analysis of adsorption data on chars than on activated carbons. This was attributed to the fact that a less-hom...


Heterochromatin represents special regions in the genome that have been found to be prone to breakage and rearrangements in cancer cells. Through two separate but related projects on heterochromatin, this dissertation demonstrates the important role of heterochromatin in maintaining genomic integrity. In the first project by transfecting non-coding heterochromatic sequences into cells, a significant increase in genomic instability was induced as demonstrated by increased Comet tails using the Comet assay. In the second project, we developed a more precise approach to measure the size of constitutive heterochromatin bands on human chromosomes. Using this new technique, we have seen increased variability of the heterochromatin regions of chromosomes 1 and 9 in lymphoblastoid cells derived from breast cancer patients as compared to that of age-matched controls. These results indicate that heteromorphisms in the heterochromatin of these chromosomes may be used as a biomarker to identify women with a higher susceptibility to breast cancer. In summary, these observations of heterochromatin- associated genomic instability suggest that heterochromatin regions are fragile sites for breakage and rearrangements and these alterations may act in a cis fashion to promote genomic instability.


This research developed the basic model of P fertilizer rate and recommendation base on soil analysis for tomatoes on Inceptisols. Research was done in greenhouse and field of Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia from March 2010 to February 2011. The objective of this research was to develop the most effective dosage for P fertilizer recommendation based on soil analysis for tomato on Inceptisols. The study consisted of three experiments. First experiment was correlation study that aimed to find out the best extraction methods. The second experiment was calibration study that aimed to develop soil response category. The third experiment was recommendation study that aimed to build P fertilizer recommendation for each soil category for tomato on Inceptisols. Treatments for correlation were 0X, 1⁄4 X, 1⁄2 X, 3⁄4 X and 1X phosphorus rate, where the value of X was 161.2 P kg ha. Correlation of soil P test with tomato growth was conducted in the greenhouse using media derived from soil incubation processes. Soil P test used five extraction methods i.e. Bray I, Bray II, Mehlich I, Morgan Wolf and Truog. Calibration test was arranged in a complete randomized design with two factors. The treatment consists of several soil P statuses in the field ranging from very low to very high as first factor. Fertilizer dosage application was equivalent to the first experiment as second factor. Results showed that there were significant effect of P fertilizer treatments on plant height and stem diameter. The best extraction reagent was Mehlich I for P. Fertilizer recommendation for "very low nutrient status" was 80.1 P kg ha, for "lownutrient" status was 31.2 P kg ha.


The title compound, C20H24N2O3, is a kind of non-cyclic crown ether. It crystallizes as a zigzag chain with two slightly asymmetric terminal groups.


The current pandemic has demonstrated a lot of weak links in the social and economic fabric of the society. Addressing these issues is paramount to enable any successful discussion of smart city technologies. The health inequity and accompanying problems faced by the disabled community during the pandemic underlined that our current systems are not built for resiliency. it is important for us to understand what has been done towards solving this complex problem and where we could further allocate our resources to tackle this issue. It is important for us to understand what has been done towards solving this complex problem and where we could further allocate our resources to tackle this issue.


ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Globally as well as nationally, AIDS is politically contested. Since AIDS was first identified
in 1981 there have been several responses to the pandemic, reflecting AIDS' biomedical,
political and social nature and implications. Although there are many ways to frame and
approach AIDS, no single approach appears to be universally superior to any other, especially
as these various approaches are essential for a comprehensive global response to the
pandemic. However, these several responses can also represent contested constructs of how
AIDS is inter-subjectively problematised based on different ontological understandings and
epistemological preferences. The existence of such contested constructs suggests that
multilateral AIDS governance is shaped by binaries and zero-sum games where the overall
approach ought to be holistic. As such, some scholars claim that HIV is increasingly treated
as something medical, and outside the context of overall development issues, sexual and
reproductive health, human rights and structural violence. Recently, Vanwesenbeeck (2011)
offered a simplified model of 'high-road' and 'low-road' solutions to the pandemic,
problematising specifically the global policy/political response. Vanwesenbeeck's model
suggests that biomedical, vertically distributed and asexual high-road approaches are
prioritised at the expense of the more community oriented, sexual and rights-based low-road
approaches. This, Vanwesenbeeck argues, is because current ideas and norms of the market,
moralism and medicalisation are more aligned with the de-contextual, de-sexual and
quantifiable characteristics of high-road approaches. This study tests the analytical utility of
Vanwesenbeeck's model with a case study of the policy and political narratives emerging
from the International AIDS Society's nine International AIDS Conferences from 1996 until
2012. The research question this study investigates is thus: Can Vanwesenbeeck's (2011)
model of high-road and low-road solutions be identified in and illuminate the policy ideas,
problem definitions and political binaries that play out in the discourse surrounding the
biennial International AIDS Conferences between 1996 and 2012? This main research question is complemented by three sub-questions concerning 1) the strengths and limitations
of Vanwesenbeeck's model, 2) the general trends and developments in global AIDS
policy/political responses during, before and after the biennial International AIDS
Conferences and 3) the impact of the Global Financial Crisis on the global AIDS response.
Applying a qualitative methodology, the study finds that Vanwesenbeeck's model can both be
identified in and elucidate the political discourses, policy implementations and binaries
surrounding the International AIDS Conferences between 1996 and 2012, albeit not all. The
analytical utility of Vanwesenbeeck's model is limited by oversimplification of the highroad/
low-road binary and the exclusion of alternative ideas for high-road prioritisation,…


OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel plus platinum followed by radical hysterectomy with radical surgery alone in patients with stage IB2-IIA bulky cervical cancer.

METHODS
From November 1999 to September 2007, stage IB2-IIA cervical cancers with tumor diameter >4 cm, as measured by MRI, were managed with two cycles of preoperative paclitaxel and platinum. As a control group, we selected 35 patients treated with radical surgery alone.

RESULTS
There were no significant between group differences in age, tumor size, FIGO stage, level of SCC Ag, histopathologic type and grade. Operating time, estimated blood loss, the number of lymph nodes yielded and the rate of complications were similar in the two groups. In surgical specimens, lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI), nodal metastasis and parametrial involvement did not differ significantly between the two groups. In the neoadjuvant group, pathologic tumor size was significantly smaller and fewer patients had deep cervical invasion. Radiotherapy, alone and in the form of concurrent chemoradiation, was administered to more patients treated with radical surgery alone (82.9% vs. 52.9%, p=0.006). No recurrence was observed in patients who could avoid adjuvant radiotherapy owing to improved risk factors after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. There were no significant differences in 5-year disease free and overall survival.

CONCLUSION
As neoadjuvant chemotherapy would improve pathologic prognostic factors, adjuvant radiotherapy can be avoided, without worsening the prognosis, in patients with locally advanced bulky cervical cancer. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy would be improving the quality of life after radical hysterectomy in patients with bulky cervical cancer.


Every year has an X Factor - the unforeseen (and unforeseeable) Godzilla that emerges from the forest and tramples on all assumptions and plans, reminding us that, as Robert Burns said:
The best-laid schemes o' mice an' men
Gang aft agley,
An' lea'e us nought but grief an' pain,
For promis'd joy!


Robin Jenkins's short stories are collected in two books: A Far Cry from Bowmore (1973), set in the far east, in locations such as Malaysia, Afghanistan and Burma, and Lunderston Tales (1996), set in a small seaside town on the west coast of Scotland. This chapter begins by discussing ideas of distance and proximity in Jenkins's writing, showing how stylistically he brings together apparently 'objective' prose describing events 'externally' with more insidious and sly representations of 'subjective' or 'internally'-realised intimations of characters' motives, prejudices and dispositions. This allows him to explore the relations of difference and continuity between appearance and the deeper currents informing the actions of his characters. The chapter goes through each of the stories in both books, and considers one further story published independently, chronologically between each of the books' publication dates. The developing argument centres on the relation between 'realism' and the sense Jenkins's writing delivers that realism is not all there is. The unexpected twists in the narratives, the moral ambiguities and unreliable co-ordinate points experienced by many of the characters, the recurrence the inexplicable, make Jenkins's writing uniquely challenging and compelling in modern Scottish literature, and nowhere more evidently than in his short stories.


The oil reservoir of Mishrif Formation is of strong heterogeneity vertically and laterally, and its single‐well production rate after conventional acidizing is low and declines fast. Therefore, we intend to carry out the pilot test on diverting acid fracturing so as to improve the stimulation effect of acid fracturing by enlarging the lateral and vertical stimulation range. In this paper, a series of experimental studies (eg, rock mechanics, acid rheology, acid‐rock reaction kinetics, and full‐diameter core etching diversion) were carried out to deal with the reservoir characteristics and stimulation demand of Mishrif Formation, the principal oil reservoir in Halfaya Oilfield in Iraq, the Middle East. It is shown that calcite content of Mishrif Formation reservoir is higher than 95%, indicating the strong acid dissolution. As for rock mechanics, the characteristics of "low Young's modulus and high Poisson's ratio" are presented, and the stress‐strain curves show certain elastic‐plastic characteristics. Additionally, a large number of wormholes appear on the surface of the full‐diameter cores after acid etching, so it is necessary to consider the serious filtration of acidizing fluid near the wellbore. The mechanical strength of rock plates decreases after acid etching, so it is recommended to adopt and optimize the closed acidizing technology so as to avoid excessive etching. Furthermore, the self‐support flow conductivity of etched fractures is weak, so it is recommended to adopt the sand fracturing or the combined stimulation technology of acid fracturing + sand fracturing to improve the reservoir stimulation effects.


Many reports have shown that endoscopic polypectomy or endoscopic mucosal resection can successfully remove tumor less than 1.0 cm in size. However, most carcinoid tumors in the rectum occur in the submucosal layer so that the entire tumor cannot be completely removed via endoscopic polypectomy or endoscopic mucosal resection. Endoscopic mucosal resection can also cause perforation of the intestinal wall and bleeding. Due to these reasons, instead of these two conventional methods, endoscopic mucosal resection using a ligation device is currently being used for the treatment of rectal carcinoid tumor. Recent studies that used this method have reported that endoscopic mucosal resection of rectal carcinoid tumor by band ligation and the snare resection technique is safe with minimal complications and this is quite useful to completely remove rectal carcinoid tumor.


This is the first full account of the higher plants of northern Yemen. It includes descriptions of all the species known from the region with keys for their identification. More than 40 plants are illustrated in colour and others by line drawings. In addition there are sections on the history of botanical exploration, phytogeography and the ecology and distribution of vegetation types. Appendices include lists of Arabic plant names and poisonous plants together with a gazetteer of localities.


Background
Congenital syphilis (CS) is a significant public health challenge, requiring early diagnosis and treatment to improve infant outcomes. The aim of this study is to describe public health outcomes of infectious syphilis cases among pregnant patients and factors associated with a CS diagnosis for their infant.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of demographic and clinical characteristics of infectious syphilis cases diagnosed during pregnancy and resulting infant outcomes in Alberta from 2017 to 2020 from the provincial communicable disease database. Adequate maternal treatment was defined as receiving at least one dose of Benzathine penicillin G-LA 2.4 million units IM at least 28 days before delivery. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to determine factors associated with CS diagnosis using SPSS version 25.

Results
A total of 374 cases of infectious syphilis were diagnosed in pregnancy, with two patients being diagnosed twice in a single pregnancy. The majority (79.1%; n=296) of women had a live birth, followed by therapeutic abortion (9.4%; n=35), stillbirth (7.5%; n=28) and spontaneous abortion (4.0%; n=15). Infant records (n=265) were available for review (n=117 CS cases and 148 non-cases). Correlates associated with CS were screening time in third trimester (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 8.4, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.9-24.6) and fewer than 28 days before delivery (AOR 8.1, 1.4-47.8 [vs. first and second trimester] and inadequate treatment (AOR 86.1, CI, 15.9-466.5). Among the CS cases, 23.1% (n=27) were stillborn compared with one (0.7%) stillbirth in the non-CS infants (p<0.001).

Conclusion
The early identification and treatment of syphilis in pregnancy is crucial to preventing poor infant outcomes.


Abstract : The Nitrogen Trifluoride Oxidizer System Design report details the material compatibility results between a mixture of nitrogen trifluoride and helium and 15 candidate materials under adiabatic compression conditions. Mechanical impact tests were conducted with Teflon and Kel-F in nitrogen trifluoride/helium atmospheres and in pure nitrogen trifluoride at pressures up to 2515 psia. (Author)


Synchronization of development policies in the field of population and family planning is an issue in the central, provincial and district/city governments as stipulated in Law No. 23/2014. Article 8 paragraph 2 of the Law states that population quantity control is carried out through synchronization of population policies at the national level and regions. Therefore, work programs in the population control at the district/city level are highly varied according to the problem. Family planning promotion, counseling and advocacy are programs in all districts/cities targeting the couples of childbearing age and adolescents. The study of program plan and regulatory documents for the 2019-2024 fiscal year became the basis for focused discussions with various levels of government, namely the central, provincial, regency/city and sub-district level. Targets, strategies, programs and activities which include types, objectives, objectives, coverage and achievements are components to be examined for content, consistency and synchronization. Meanwhile, policy synchronization can be seen from the formulation of work programs. The results of the study show that directly, the provincial work program is linear with the national agenda


Understanding the role of an object is not possible if it is only observed in isolation. The effect caused on a degree of freedom through a surrounding multi-mode cavity is highly complex and its calculation often requires numerics or heavy approximations. The attempt of this thesis is to investigate these effects analytically through the example of a qubit represented by an LC-oscillator that is weakly coupled to a transmission line. Especially the dispersive and the resonant case are characterized with the emphasis on accurately understanding the limits of their validity. We find that in the dispersive regime the transmission line acts like a single-mode resonator. However, we also discuss a correction due to the other modes which displays an asymmetry with respect to the detuning. Additionally, we discuss a Caldeira-Leggett Hamiltonian for an arbitrary impedance and present an expansion for two-port networks.


Objective To study the clinical features and managements of acute or subacute thrombosis in coronary stents after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of acute coronary syndromes (ACS).Methods Out of 273 patients undergone PCI due to ACS,4 patients with acute or subacute coronary intra-stent thrombosis were followed up and their data were analyzed. Results Out of 273 patients,acute or subacute coronary intra-stent thrombosis was confirmed in 4 patients by coronary angiography after 3~66 hours of PCI.The patients presented recurrent chest pain and ST elevation of ECG.After emergent PCI treatment,two patients survived and the other two died.Conclusion Acute or subacute coronary thrombosis in coronary stents of ACS probably correlates with the following factors:pathological characteristics of blood vessels, the length of stent,anti-coagulant,anti-platelet agents and so on.Emergent PCI is of choice in the treatment of intra-stent thrombosis and should be carried out as early as possible in order to improve the outcomes of this severe complication.


Summary' A case of hydrops fetalis which was not due to iso immunization is presented. The condition was diagnosedantenatally by means ofUltrasonography and the infant was delivered at 32 weeks' gestation. He required intensive care, but survived and is well at 18 months of age. The causation, diagnosis and management of this problem are discussed. S Atr lied J 1983; 13: 334-336.


Identification of causative genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) is ineffective unless we identify, on a systems level, also regulatory genes elsewhere on the genome that significantly control their expressions. Until the invention of high-throughput genomic and transcriptomic techniques, it has not been possible to identify such major regulatory genes for QTL and candidate genes on a whole genome scale. Genetical genomics is a novel method in integrative biology that helps us to investigate the inheritance of such regulatory loci, so called expression quantitative trait loci or eQTL. This article formulates common biological questions relevant to livestock microarray gene expression profiling (MGEP) experiments and introduces genetical genomics methods to identify eQTLs. Main objective of this article is to present statistical methods and models (with an emphasis on BLUP mixed models) and tests of hypothesis for interval eQTL mapping. Illustrations from our own recent investigations are provided. Further, some concepts in the design of genetical genomics experiments with an aim to obtain maximum power at reduced costs for MGEP and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) genotyping of animals are developed via selective expression profiling and selective genotyping for eQTL mapping. Finally possible genetic improvement of livestock using combined genetic, genomic and transcriptomic data in an expression selection index (eSI) framework is considered.


Quasinormal ringing of acoustic black holes in Laval nozzles is discussed. The equation for sounds in a transonic flow is written into a Schroedinger-type equation with a potential barrier, and the quasinormal frequencies are calculated semianalytically. From the results of numerical simulations, it is shown that the quasinormal modes are actually excited when the transonic flow is formed or slightly perturbed, as well as in the real black hole case. In an actual experiment, however, the purely-outgoing boundary condition will not be satisfied at late times due to the wave reflection at the end of the apparatus, and a late-time ringing will be expressed as a superposition of boxed quasinormal modes. It is shown that the late-time ringing damps more slowly than the ordinary quasinormal ringing, while its central frequency is not greatly different from that of the ordinary one. Using this fact, an efficient way for experimentally detecting the quasinormal ringing of an acoustic black hole is discussed.


The present invention relates to a transmission for adjusting the phase of a plurality of rotating drive means. Said drive means to use their respective planetary gears to adjust the phase, wherein the order of the planetary gear coaxially disposed.


The aim of this study was to compare the effects of desflurane, sevoflurane and isoflurane on pulmonary shunt in dogs during spontaneous ventilation. General anesthesia was induced in 30 healthy, adult, mongrel dogs by intravenous administration of propofol. The animals were separated into three groups of 10 dogs each and submitted to general inhalation anesthesia with 1.5 MAC of desflurane (G1), sevoflurane (G2) and isoflurane (G3). Arterial blood was collected by puncture of the right femoral artery, and mixed blood was collected by introducing a Swan-Ganz catheter into the pulmonary artery. These samples were used to determine the parameters employed for calculation of the intrapulmonary shunt. Measurements began at 20min after orotracheal intubation and were repeated every 20min, totaling six measurements. Means were compared by the Student t-test (P£ 0.05). Desflurane led to a higher shunt than sevoflurane and isoflurane at 40 and 60min. At 80min, the mean values obtained for desflurane were higher than those obtained for isoflurane, while at 100min the values observed for dogs anesthetized with desflurane were higher than those obtained with sevoflurane. Desflurane caused respiratory depression by reducing PaO2, and a higher percentage of intrapulmonary shunt than isoflurane and sevoflurane.


In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae the Gβγ dimer of the heterotrimeric G protein transduces a pheromone signal from serpentine receptor to a MAP kinase cascade that activates the mating response pathway. Haploid cells lacking the Gβ subunit do not respond to sexual pheromone, leading to sterility. In this work we demonstrate that the β‐subunit of Kluyveromyces lactis, encoded by the KlSTE4 gene, is a component of the G protein, and that its disruption gives rise to sterile cells. However, unlike Ste4p in S. cerevisiae, its overexpression does not induce growth arrest or promote mating. It has been shown that in K. lactis, the Gα subunit has a positive role in the mating process, hence the resulting double GαΔ GβΔ mutant was viable and sterile. Here we show that the overproduction of Gβ subunit fails to rescue GαΔ mutant from sterility and that expression of a constitutive active allele of Gα enhances transcription of the KlSTE4 gene. The mating pathway triggered by the Gβ‐subunit requires a functional KlSte12p transcription factor. Gβ has a 10‐fold higher association rate with the Gα1 subunit involved in pheromone response than with Gα2, the protein involved in cAMP regulation in K. lactis. Additionally, the Gβ‐subunit from K. lactis is able to interact with the Gα‐subunit from S. cerevisiae but fails to restore the mating deficiency of Scste4Δ mutant. The data presented indicate that the mating pathway of K. lactis is positively and cooperatively regulated by both the Gα and the Gβ subunits. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Crude-L-lactide solubility in ethanol, butanol, isopropanol, carbon tetrachloride, o-dichlorobenzene, bromobenzene, chlorobenzene, brometane at 23°C, L-lactide solubility in ethylacetate, butyl acetate, vinyl butyl ether, chlorobenzene, chloroform at 0, 23, 40°C, solubility of L-lactic acid oligomers with different molecular weight in ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, chloroform, benzene, cumene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethanol, acetone, butanol at various temperatures have been investigated. Literature data of lactic acid solubility in different solvents are presented.


In my previous post I mentioned the fact that the Read More option of Joomla was not editable anymore. Before that I wrote about how-to-solve-the-joomla-read-more-problem in version 1.0.x But I found an item in RC3 in the Advanced Parameters of the article...


Review(s) of: Mining, Bushranging and Freemasonry in New South Wales: The Influence of Mining on the Spread of Freemasonry in the Early Years (1850-1900), by Michael J Noakes,.


This paper presents assembly challenges and reliability evaluation of 3D TMVTM (Three-Dimensional ThroughMold Via) and SiP (System in Package) in fine pitch ball grid arrays (FPGA). First, it presents the test matrix for various 3D TMVTM packaging assembly configurations and reliability characterizations performed under thermal cycling condition (–55°C to 125°C). The SiP test vehicles were configured with centrally located flip-chip (FC) die surrounded by eight chip scale packages (CSPs). The FC and CSPs, either with tin-lead or SAC305 balls, were assembled onto top of the FPGA interposer for subsequent assembly into a hybrid integrated configuration. Mix hybrid assemblies were characterized by X-ray for solder-joint quality and by Shadow Moiré method for warpage characterization. The assemblies were then subjected to thermal cycling between -40C and 125C for evaluation of reliability and followed for characterization of failure mechanisms. The paper presents details of design, characterization by X-ray and Moiré as well as behavior of the SiP and 3D TMVTM assemblies under two different thermal cycling conditions.


When a beam of spin-polarized metastable He/sup +/ 2s/sub 1/2/ ions is quenched by an electric field E, the emitted radiation intensity contains an asymmetry term which is proportional to kxE x P, where P is the spin-polarization vector and k is the direction of observation. The effect is due to interference between spontaneous magnetic-dipole (M1) and induced electric-dipole (E1) decay modes to the ground state. At Vertical BarEVertical Bar = 38.14 V/cm, the measured asymmetry is (0.323 +- 0.085) x 10/sup -3/ in agreement with the theoretical value 0.3443 x 10/sup -3/. The experiment provides the first measurement of the relativistic M1 matrix element for the 2s/sub 1/2/-1s/sub 1/2/ transition in a hydrogenic ion. The paper contains an extensive discussion of all possible asymmetry effects, including higher-order relativistic and electric-field perturbation corrections.