The greatest disadvantage of fractal image compression is the length of time it takes; so this paper advises using attribute cluster network (ACN) to reduce the time complexity. Using ACN can classify the feature vectors of domain blocks and range blocks, and the searching complexity can be reduced. Moreover, the weight values from ACN indicate the importance of all the points, and the new feature vectors can be got only by picking up more important points from a block, which will reduce the needed memory and improve encoding speed and clustering speed. Experiments show that combining the attribute cluster network and fractal block coding together costs less encoding time and clustering time than the other methods; that is to say, the chosen important points can replace the block itself properly.


Objective To explore the application value of 64 row-128 slice volume CT coronary angiography in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease. Methods One hundred and seventeen cases of coronary heart disease were selected,the 64 row-128 slices volume CT coronary angiography were used to display the coronary artery lesions in diagnosis of coronary artery main branches and the branches,and its accuracy in the diagnosis of different parts of coronary artery lesions and the sensitivity and the specificity in the diagnosis of different degree of stenosis were analyzed. Results The coronary artery angiography test results showed: the left anterior descending artery lesions in 54 cases; left main coronary artery lesions in 48 cases; double branch lesions in 32 cases; left circumflex artery lesions in 28 cases; right coronary artery lesions in 25 cases. The detection sensitivity reached 91. 38%,and the accuracy reached 92. 51%; the sensitivity and specificity for different degrees of coronary artery narrow were the higher. Conclusion 64 row-128 slice volume CT coronary angiography in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease,because of its use of noninvasive technique and higher sensitivity and specificity,has good application value in the clinical diagnosis of coronary artery disease.


Introduction This work examines the relationship between literature and reality. To be precise, we will be talking about drama and its reference to the current situation in Spain. Since drama is a creation of artistic nature, it is a medium to represent human activity. As a consequence, the recreated universes in plays offer very interesting images to help understand the immediate social reality, therefore, we will analyse the reflection of several matters affecting Spanish contemporary citizens in some theatrical pieces where this reflection is particularly shape and clear. This analysis will be structured as follows: the first part is devoted to the treatment of the general aspects of human beings as a group; and the second part will review more specific situations, such as concrete problems of coexistence. In both sections, the analysis is based on a selection of plays that although not numerous, stand out because they offer (very) eloquent images of contemporary Spanish reality. 1. THE STRUCTURE AND ITS FOUNDATIONS We will consider, in this first part, those plays in whose imaginary references there an integral or partial visions of the socio-political Spanish system. As we know, Spain's democratic system today has been built by the will of citizens and political consensus in two consecutive stages: the Political Transition (1975-1982) and the Democratic Stage (from 1983 to the present). The 1978 Spanish Constitution is the reference judicial framework for that system. Naturally, the political and social being of a country is based on the concept of the collective entity of its citizens, which is the reason why we shall begin with the analysis of this particular concept. 1.1. Identity and the collective being Most sensible Spanish people think that the important collective problems nowadays (which we will look at through drama in the second section) have a common origin: hesitations about the Spanish identity. Especially since the change of government in 2004 (after the assassination of almost two hundred people on several trains in Madrid) the concept of "Spain" has often been questioned within the nation. Due to political interests and regional tensions, the name of Spain has suffered a loss of prestige in official institutions and in the media, and it has often being replaced by expressions like "this country" or "the State" referring to the Nation, while equally this last term has also been denied for the country as a whole and has been attributed to each particular region. Drama, in general, has followed a similar path, silencing all the problematic matters or facts that need to be considered relative to today. However, some important contemporary plays have included as a topic the issue of the concept and the name of Spain. Naturally the clarification of this reality is intuitive and emotional, neither conceptual nor discursive. In the following examples, the perspectives turn out to be varied and sometimes surprising. The surprise is especially intense in La camisa (1960) by Lauro Olmo. When writing this play, Franco's regime was about to start its second stage: "Development". Until then, those plays which were closer to the theme of Spain frequently had triumphalist (triumphant?) perspectives according to and agreed with the official attitude of the Dictatorship or with positions avoiding confrontation with this attitude. However, Lauro Olmo wrote a drama of opposition, at least in the approach and solution of the conflicts of his plays, generally different to those of the predominant ideology. Although unexpected, the scene where Spain is cheered in a particularly emotive moment of the play, it is not unexpected that it was done from a demanding position, since it is the people who express their collective solidarity (Olmo 140): TIO MARAVILLAS. (Ordenando en voz alta.) !Soltad los globos e inmortalizarme, machos! …


PRACTICE guidelines are systematically developed recommendations that assist the practitioner and patient in making decisions about health care. These recommendations may be adopted, modified, or rejected according to clinical needs and constraints, and are not intended to replace local institutional policies. In addition, practice guidelines developed by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) are not intended as standards or absolute requirements, and their use cannot guarantee any specific outcome. Practice guidelines are subject to revision as warranted by the evolution of medical knowledge, technology, and practice. They provide basic recommendations that are supported by a synthesis and analysis of the current literature, expert and practitioner opinion, open forum commentary, and clinical feasibility data. This document updates the "Practice Guidelines for the Prevention, Detection and Management of Respiratory Depression Associated with Neuraxial Opioid Administration" adopted by ASA in 2007, and includes new survey data and recommendations pertaining to monitoring for respiratory depression. Methodology


Jessen writes as follows: One of the important developments in American secondary education during the past thirty years has been the widespread adoption of the elective system. Our earlier schools did not embarrass the pupil with curricular choices. The educational bill of fare was definitely table d'h6te. With the advent of new courses, it became evident that not even adolescent appetite could be relied upon to have taste and time for all pedagogical dishes. Elimination of some of the former offerings was frowned upon by the older patrons and was frequently not favored by the newcomers. To care for new courses and still retain the old ones an a la carte service was needed. Thus came about the entry of the elective system."


The peculiarities of a higher harmonics photorefractive response are considered theoretically for a grating recorded through a mechanism of phase-locked detection by external ac field. The conditions of existence of a higher harmonic grating are found analytically.


God is the most important poetic subject in Hopkins's poetry. He is not an ambiguous but concrete powerful being which other poets have not imagined to express. Hopkins's God turns away from the devoted believers or uses violence to the rebellious people. But sometimes He shows a firm support filled with love to those who believe and follow the Divinity. That is, He is expressed as a dynamic agent in Hopkins's poetry. The development of science in 19th century, for example, Theory of Revolution by Charles Darwin, conflicted greatly with religion. It gave a damaging blow to the Christianity, therefore many theologians called Darwin the son of the devil. The society in the late 19th century, the period of industrial revolution and early capitalism, was materialistic and divided into the two nations: the rich and the poor. These social conditions afflicted the pure minded priest Hopkins, to whom his contemporary seemed to be cut from the love of God. God even could be seen as a weak divinity which cannot do anything for that corrupted society. Hopkins's poetry can be called a record of a struggle with God. This is well expressed in "The Wreck of the Deutschland" and dark sonnets. Hopkins thought that God was turning away from the turbid world. He wanted to see the strong and immanent God who can control the wicked and greedy men. Thus his God is really frightful and powerful in His punishment and love, which is expressed vividly through his excellent technique of imagery or rhythm. His struggle with God is finally overcome through his recognition of Divine Providence, and we can appreciate a kind of beauty in Hopkins's poetic expression of it.


HTTP Adaptive Streaming(HAS) has become widely deployed in multimedia services for its ability for providing the best Quality of Experience(QoE) for viewers with limited resource, especially in fluctuating wireless networkings. With its client-driven rate adaptation mechanism, HAS is able to adapt to fluctuating network condition and various terminals dynamically. The rate adaptation algorithm is crucial in HAS for its direct impact on the QoE. Most of researches focus on optimizing objective indicators, such as elevating mean bit-rate, lessening playout interruption, and avoiding quality switches, etc. However, the promotion in objective indicators doesn't indicate better experience of end users directly. In this paper, a novel QoE-Optimal Rate Adaptation(QORA) algorithm is proposed to achieve the best QoE. Firstly, a QoE model with iterative form is deduced for on-line evaluation. According to this model, the QORA is able to predict the possible QoE of each bit-rate level in candidate, then greedily choose the one with the highest QoE. The perceptual quality of HAS is optimized by the QORA directly and quantitatively. The simulation result shows that the proposed QORA is able to provide the optimal QoE compared with other rate adaptation schemes, although some of them have better performance in a single objective indicator.


I f German national identity was in a permanent state of crisis and redefinition throughout the nineteenth century, the same can be said of German national opera. Until Wagner's music dramas finally – and not without controversy – came to be adopted as the 'soundtrack' of the German Empire in the 1870s, the search for an appropriate and recognisable operatic idiom remained an ongoing concern. The two operas discussed in this chapter, Heinrich Dorn's Die Nibelungen (1854) and Carl Amand Mangold's Gudrun (1851), made significant and at the time most welcome contributions to the problematic genre by transforming epic poetry from the treasure-trove of medieval German literature into glorifications of the national character. 'Treue' (loyalty or constancy) and 'Freiheitsliebe' (love of freedom) are central to the two operas, which have been chosen not just for their topicality – no discussion of German national myth would be complete without consideration of the Nibelung tradition – but also for the impassioned responses they engendered in contemporary observers who eagerly tested each new artwork for its suitability as the desired national opera. The creation of a national theatre and by extension a national opera can in itself be considered an act of cultural politics, a project that was intended to elevate the German language to the serious stage and to remove the perceived hegemony of foreign drama and opera. From the late eighteenth century onwards opera had been an essential item on the agenda of progressive thinkers such as Johann Gottfried Herder.


Backfittable technologies have a number of advantages for carbon abatement at fossil fired power plants, not least of which is that it will probably be necessary to build new power plants before carbon dioxide capture storage is commercially proven. Also, retrofits on existing plants will allow the new technologies to be introduced more quickly, at lower cost and at less risk, while avoiding the planning problems that arise with new build. Oxyfuel combustion appears to be a promising potentially backfittable capture technology, with pilot scale trials and large scale demonstrations planned.


This paper reports a study of SU(2)/sub L/xSU(2)/sub r/xU(1)/sub B/-L gauge models with a completely general Higgs sector. The scalars which are consistent with the known low-energy phenomenology are determined. The results are used to obtain useful constraints on the W/sub L/-W/sub R/ mixing angle, xi. In particular, the stringent upper limit xi< or =0.002 is derived.


BACKGROUND
Aggressive surgical treatment for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) bone metastasis has shown good results.

METHODS
Since January 1995, four patients underwent surgery at our institution for rib metastasis of operated RCCs. Of these patients, three were male and one was female. The patients had a mean age of 67.5 years. Except one patient who presented with rib metastasis at the time of diagnosis of RCC, the average period of metastasis to the ribs after RCC surgery was 24.3 months. All patients underwent resection of metastasized tumors involving the ribs, with or without chest wall involvement. The clinical features of the surgical treatment for RCC bone metastasis were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTS
The mean time to tumor recurrence was 22.3 months postmetastasectomy. All patients developed other bone metastases and underwent multidisciplinary therapy. After metastasectomy, the four patients survived for 19~93 months.

CONCLUSION
Surgical treatment for patients with rib metastases of RCC may contribute in prolonging survival.


A drink container for infants is provided to achieve the safe of users, and allow users to smoothly drink the liquid within the container body, and to completely prevent the liquid from being leaked so as to achieve the hygienic use and maximize the using reliability. The drink container for infants comprises: a container part(2); a cap part(4), connected with the container part(2) in a screwing manner; a opening/closing cap(5), hinge-connected to both sides of a hemispherical body(6) of the cap part(4) in such a manner that it is swiveled right or left so as to open or close the cap part(4); a receiving recess(7), arranged in a one side of the hemispherical body(6); a straw(8), stored in the receiving recess(7) in a folded manner or restored to the original position according to the operation of the opening/closing cap(5); a supporting end protrusion(10), supporting the straw(8) so that one side of the straw(8) is bent and then the straw(8) is stored in the receiving recess(7); and an air hole(15), connected with the container part(2).


This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact email@example.com. Recommended Citation Ruhland, Beverlee M., "Morphological aspects of seedling establishment in four temperate region Phorandendron spp." (1986). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 3702.


We analyzed 43 consecutive cases of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) for the presence of the CBFβ‐MYH11 rearrangement using molecular techniques in a regional hospital in Hong Kong. Five cases (11.6%), 3 girls and 2 boys, ranging in age from 8 months to 14 years old, were found positive for the CBFβ‐MYH11 rearrangement. Morphologically, they were FAB M2 or M4 with or without eosinophilia (Eo). Typical M4Eo was observed in only one case. The molecular findings were in complete concordance with cytogenetic data, which revealed inv(16)(p13q22) in all and also gains of chromosome 4, 8, 22, and Y in one patient. Clinically, all 5 patients achieved complete remission after chemotherapy with favorable outcomes except for the patient with infantile AML, who relapsed 11 months after diagnosis, underwent cord blood transplantation, and was in second remission. This is the first clinicopathological study and documentation of the incidence of CBFβ‐MYH11 in childhood AML of Chinese in Hong Kong. Am. J. Hematol. 76:300–303, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This evaluation research examined the relationship between program process and program outcome, specifically, youth engagement in the national 4-H Council Health Rocks! program and their program outcomes.  Based on program evaluation surveys completed after the program by participants, youths' engagement in the program was associated with their gains in knowledge and skills about substance use, and personal assets related to avoiding risks.  When youth participants find a program interesting, are actively engaged in the program, and find the program staff friendly, they benefit more from the program.  Findings underscore the importance of engaging curriculum and friendly staff to the success of extension or afterschool youth programs. The evaluation method may offer an example of balancing rigor of evaluation design and feasibility of implementing an evaluation.


A distance determining section increases a convergence point distance by a distance proportionate to an operation of an up key. The distance determining section reduces the convergence point distance by a distance proportionate to an operation of a down key. A target convergence point distance is incremented by 1 m per pressing operation of the up key. The target convergence point distance is decremented by 1 m per pressing operation of the down key. A shift amount setting section converts the target convergence point distance into a shift amount that corresponds to the target convergence point distance. The shift amount is set to an image shifting section. The image shifting section shifts each cut out region by the shift amount from a reference position and cuts out viewpoint images with the cut out regions from original left and right viewpoint images. Thus, the parallax-adjusted viewpoint images are produced.


OBJECTIVES
The dental follicle plays an important role in tooth eruption by providing key regulators of osteogenesis and bone resorption. Patients with cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) exhibit delayed tooth eruption in combination with increased bone density in the maxilla and mandible, suggesting disturbances in bone remodeling. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of genes relevant for tooth eruption and bone remodeling in the dental follicles of patients with CCD and normal subjects.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Thirteen dental follicles were isolated from five unrelated patients with CCD, and fourteen dental follicles were obtained from 10 healthy individuals. All teeth were in the intraosseous phase of eruption. The expression of RANK, RANKL, OPG, and CSF-1 was determined by quantitative RT-PCR.

RESULTS
In patients with CCD, the mRNA levels of RANK, OPG, and CSF-1 were significantly elevated compared with the control group. Accordingly, the ratios of RANKL/OPG and RANKL/RANK mRNAs were significantly decreased in patients with CCD.

CONCLUSION
The observed alterations in the expression and ratios of the aforementioned factors in the dental follicle of CCD individuals suggest a disturbed paracrine signaling for bone remodeling that could be responsible for the impaired tooth eruption seen in these patients.


Tenebrionid beetles (Zophobas morio) from Peru were experimentally infected with eggs of Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus from China. A de- fense reaction of the beetles against the acanthella and cystacanth of the parasite was observed by means of transmission electron microscopy. Beginning at 1 wk postinfection, many hemocytes of the infected beetles were found adhering to the outer surface of the enve- lope that encloses the acanthella. Some of the host's hemocytes penetrated the envelope and attached to the tegument of the acanthella and cystacanth, so that the outer membrane of the larval tegument was damaged. Starting at 50 days postinfection some of the cysta- canths were seen to disintegrate.


This research paper aims to analyze the criterion of future danger in imposing preventive measures assurances from the Colombian criminal justice. To accomplish this task, it is formulated as a research question to answer the following: What are the arguments for the invocation of the criterion of future danger, by imposing the measure preventive detention, could constitute a violation of due criminal process in Colombia ?, which is analyzed from the legal dimension of the validity of the rule and its protective function processing, under which theory of penal guarantees, which must be oriented to the satisfaction of the fundamental rights of the accused.


System and method for supporting secure access to (1 Tsumata s) database is provided. System is directed to authenticating a characteristic access to data in a relational database. More particularly, the present invention provides a novel technique for defining a secure access to spoofing while maintaining various optimization techniques is impossible for the row of the relational database tables. The present invention provides a sustained scheme by providing a security architecture that can define execute the characteristic access policy for sustained entity while maintaining a set based context query capabilities.


We consider coefficient problems for functions in the class S of functions that are univalent in the unit disk and with the additional requirement that the derivative also be univalent in the disk. We restrict the problem further to consider only functions with real coefficients. We solve the problem of finding the maximum value of each of the even coefficientsa 2 a 4.… a 14 in this restricted class. The extremal function is the same for each of these coefficients and it is given explicitly. The same function maximizes these coefficients within the larger class of typically real functions with typically real first derivative. This function definitely does not maximize the odd coefficients nor the even coefficients a 16 a 18.… within this larger class. The method of proof is to use sequences of polynomials from a certain restricted class of polynomials and to solve a related problem for the polynomials. These results can then be interpreted to solve the stated problem.


The crime that handle the sealing up, withholding and frozen property illegally not merely infringed the authority and dignityof the judicial organ, and has damaged the law seriously,the social influence is very strong.It is necessary to understand the relevantregulations of criminal law in judicial practices,draw a clear line between this crime and other guilty,in order to guarantee the case thathandle the sealing up,withholding and frozen property illegally was dealt with correctly.We should know whether the crime that handlethe sealing up,withholding and frozen property illegally belongs to the crime of producing the consequence,the crime that has put intopractice,dangerous crime before judging it has abortive form of the crime or not,If this crime belongs to one of the above-mentionedthree kinds of forms,the abortive form of the crime existed certainly;On the contrary,if this crime does not belong to above-mentionedthree kinds of crime forms,its attempted crime form was not existed.


In this paper the virtual synchronous generator control is introduced to MW-Scale Medium Voltage power system. The virtual synchronous generator with its inertia and damping features can be considered as an improvement for the communication-less control method (droop control). The MW-Scale Medium Voltage is generally preferable for its high power density, reduced current level, and reduced losses and costs. The control strategy is based on the concept of VSG control and the phase shifted carrier pulse width modulation (PSCPWM) is used for switching a cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverter in order to produce the desired voltage and power level. Frequency and voltage droop coefficients for VSG control have been set to adjust frequency and voltage control respectively. Different rotating inertia and damping factor set values shows the system Frequency response. The system was subjected to increase in the active and reactive load power in different steps change. The results indicate good local performances. This coordinated control scheme shows significant improvement in system performance, particularly in frequent load step changing. Simulation for the system is carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK and simulation results are presented.


Graphs are widely used formalism to model data in various domains such as natural language processing, chemoinformatics, computer vision, information retrieval and software engineering. Finding similar graphs is essential for many applications in these domains. Graph isomorphism finds exact duplicate graphs. However, it fails to quantify similarity and it's computationally expensive. To overcome both these bottlenecks, a number of graph similarity measures have been proposed. Graph Similarity Self-Join (GSSJ) is the problem of finding all pairs of graphs that have similarity score above a predefined threshold. For a graph dataset with n graphs, Naive solution involves similarity score computation for all (n/2) pairs of graphs. This problem is both compute and data intensive. Existing algorithms for this problem support only graph edit distance as the similarity measure. Overarching goal of this research is to develop algorithms for graph similarity self-join that support multiple graph similarity measures. Major contribution of this research will be better indexing mechanisms for graphs and tight bounds on graph similarity.


Starting from the present situation of co- constructing and sharing of the literature information resources of our country's university library, this paper analyzes on the main existing problems, and puts forward the new idea of co- constructingand sharingofthe literature information resources ofour country's universitylibrary.


This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary replacement ofmaize with sweet potato peel in the diet of Clarias gariepinus juveniles.The levels of the SPP inclusion in the experimental diets were 0%, 25%,50%, 75% and 100%. All the diets were iso-nitrogenous. One hundred andfifty (150) C. gariepinus juveniles (33 g ~ 35 g) were randomly distributedto five treatments with three replicates each and 5% of their body weightfor 12 weeks. Fish carcass proximate compositions analyzed before andafter feeding with the experimental diets shows that CP and EE differedsignificantly (p<0.05) among the experimental fish and the control, exceptthe percentage CP of the fish fed SPP0% and SPP50% in which there wasno significant difference (p>0.05). Highest MWG of 207.70±25.95 g wasobtained in the fish fed SPP100% followed by 191.30±16.15 g obtained inthe fish fed SPP75%. The least MWG of 149.83±16.01 g was recorded infish fed SPP25%. The highest FCR of 3.61±0.45 g was recorded in the fishfed SPP100%. A steady decrease in FCR was observed with decreasinginclusion levels of SPP meal. However, higher FW, FL, SGR and PERwere observed in the experimental fish as from 50% inclusion levels of theSPP. The cost of feed per kg was reduced and the NP and WG increasedwith increasing levels of SPP and the profitability was enhanced at 100%SPP inclusion level. The results revealed that C. gariepinus juvenile couldtolerate up to 50%, 75% and 100% inclusion levels of SPP. The best growthperformance was recorded in the fish fed SPP100%, therefore, sweet potatopeel can replace maize in the diet of C. gariepinus without any inauspiciouseffect on the growth performance and nutrient utilization.


Clinical trials and the need for new treatments were recently listed among the most important factors for child health. The aim of the present study was to describe some of our experiences with budget preparations in paediatric clinical trials.


Respiratory and public health specialists have said that they are "astonished" that a high ranking British diplomat based in Pakistan attended a meeting where a tobacco company tried to persuade the country's government to repeal regulations that would require large graphic health warnings on cigarette packaging.

Pakistan's Ministry of National Health Services announced in February that it was introducing new regulations from 31 March that required graphic images on cigarette packages to cover 85% of the packs, up from 40% previously.

Newspapers in Islamabad reported that a meeting on 13 March attended by Philip Barton, British high commissioner for Pakistan, resulted in ministers constituting a committee to review the regulations. The meeting was called by British American Tobacco …


Purpose: We investigated the distribution of three-axis rotational directions of the tibiotalar joint in intact feet under axial loading and categorized them according to the combinations of the three-axis rotational directions of the tibiotalar joint as three-dimensional (3D) rotational patterns. Methods: The differences in rotational orientation of the talus relative to the tibia under unloaded and axial-loaded conditions were calculated from the 3D models of the tibiotalar joint that were reconstructed from magnetic resonance (MR) images in 27 intact male feet. Results: In the sagittal plane, the talus rotated into plantarflexion in 63% of the feet and into dorsiflexion in 30%. In the coronal plane, the talus rotated into inversion in 37% of the feet and into eversion in 33%. In the transverse plane, the talus rotated into adduction in 85% of the feet and into abduction in 4%. A total of 10 3D tibiotalar joint rotational patterns were observed under axial loading. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of the 10 tibiotalar joint rotational patterns (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The 3D tibiotalar joint rotational patterns under axial loading were consolidated into 10 directions, which provides insight into the subject-specific kinematics of the tibiotalar joint.


This paper presents the potential measurement at 1.4 TeV CLIC of the cross-section (times branching ratio) of the Higgs production via WW fusion with the Higgs subsequently decaying in ZZ⇤, s(Hnene)⇥BR(H ! ZZ⇤), and of the Higgs production via ZZ fusion with the Higgs subsequently decaying in bb, s(He+e )⇥BR(H ! bb). For the H ! ZZ⇤ decay the hadronic final state, ZZ⇤ ! qqqq, and the semi-leptonic final state, ZZ⇤ ! qql+l , are considered. The results show that s(Hnene)⇥BR(H ! ZZ⇤) can be measured with a precision of 18.3% and 6% for the hadronic and semi-leptonic channel, respectively. s(He+e )⇥BR(H ! bb) can be measured with a precision of 1.7%. This measurement also contributes to the determination of the Higgs coupling to the Z boson, gHZZ . Talk presented at the International Workshop on Future Linear Colliders (LCWS14), Belgrade, Serbia, 6–10 October 2014. 1)firstname.lastname@example.com 3 The CLIC_ILD detector model


The fourth chapter of the book turns to Matthew Lewis, author of the scandalous 1796 novel The Monk. More than many of his contemporaries, Lewis was able to blend intricate and learned allusions to Greek and Roman literature into the popular frame of his Gothic texts. This chapter argues that he uses these allusions to give voice to particular anxieties: about the consequences of Gothic publishing and, particularly, about his own queer desires. The chapter begins by examining the translations in The Monk of poems of Horace and Anacreon, both explicitly homoerotic texts from antiquity. Second, it turns to The Love of Gain (1799), a free translation of a satire of Juvenal, which Lewis used as a covert means of defending his career as an author of Gothic texts. Finally, I turn to a translation of Goethe in Lewis's ballad collection, Tales of Wonder (1800), and a classicizing parody of that translation in the accompanying volume, Tales of Terror (1801), both of which comment implicitly on Lewis's own specific authorial and erotic anxieties. Rather than truly blending Gothic and classical, Lewis uses the erudite allusions to antiquity to open up a new channel of communication within popular works, giving voice to desires and fears that would otherwise have remained unsaid.


Abstract A series of 2-methylthio-pyrido-triazolopyrimidines (1-17) were prepared by the reaction of dimethyl-N-cyanoimidodithiocarbonate with hydrazinopyridine carboxylic acid as starting reactants. Their chemical structures were affirmed with HREI-MS, IR and NMR analyses. The target compounds (1-17) were evaluated for their antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reduction antioxidant power (FRAP) and reducing power capability (RPC). The results revealed that some pyrido-triazolopyrimidines showed good activity as antioxidant agents, in particular, compounds 12 and 15 were found to possess good antioxidant activity. Butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) was used as reference drug.


Here the design and functional optimisation of thermoformed thin-w alled structures made from plastics is considered. Such objects are created in great numbers esp ecially in the food packaging industry . In fact these objects are produced in such vast numbers each year, that one important task in the design of these objects is the minimisation of the amount of plastic used, subject to functional constraints. In this paper a pro cedure for achieving this is described, which in volves the automatic optimisation of the mold shape taking into account the strength of the final object and its thickness distribution, th us reducing the need to perform inecient and expensive 'trial and error' experimentation using physical prototypes. An ecient technique for parameterising geometry is utilised here, enabling to create a wide variety of possible mold shap es on which appropriate analysis can be performed. The results of the analysis are used within an automatic optimisation routine enabling to find a design which satisfies user requirements. Th us, the paper describes a rational means for the automatic optimal design of composite thermoformed thin-w alled structures.


A high-precision positioning prototype suitable for the Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management (UTM) system is proposed. Comprised of Global Positioning System (GPS), Ultra-wideband (UWB), and Long Range (LoRa) WAN capabilities, our prototype effectively improves GPS accuracy by utilizing high-precision UWB distance measurement. A set of calibration procedures can reduce the error of UWB distance measurement within 10cm accuracy. Moreover, a novel cost function is proposed so that the longitude, latitude, and relative height errors of GPS can be effectively improved, with relative altitude error reduced from 4. 03m to 1. 74m in particular. Finally, our UWB-assisted positioning prototype significantly enhances GPS localization accuracy. The outdoor relative position error between devices under test (DUTs) can be reduced from 6 m to within 10 cm.


When the building models are loaded and the scene is arranged in a building virtual simulation system,users could do simulation study in the virtual world,and thus the design mode could be understood easily.A building virtual simulation platform is studied and developed using C# and XNA,which could present real time dynamic interactive visual simulation.And the experiment has obtained a good practical effect.


As a type of Ci(a genre in traditional Chinese literature),Ci written on paintings broadens the scope of Ci,and the introduction of Ci writer's appreciation of paintings makes an integration of Ci and paintings and a vivid expression of both,which enriches the connotation of Ci on paintings.As to Wu Zao's Ci on paintings,the individual's feelings are mainly embodied through two methods: describing the painting to appreciate its connotations or portraiting the writer's own feelings through describing the painting.


Arizona, Colorado, Kentucky, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and West Virginia mounted statewide teacher walkouts related to teacher salary during 2018. This study offers a synthesis of literature surrounding the walkouts, along with examination of similarities and differences in publicly available measures, highlighting equity gaps and comparison to states whose teaching force did not choose to walkout and demand increased pay and per-student spending, better benefits, or better working conditions. Relationships are sought between the variables considered: per-pupil expenditures, achievement, graduation rates, college persistence of high school graduates, college graduation rates, attainment of varied levels of degree credentials, and cost of living, as related to teacher salaries, increases, and decreases. Links between political and policy issues and the variables related to unrest leading to the walkouts are explored through literature.


The main purpose of this study was to compare the significant differences in the teachers' perceptions towards school's professional development according to their demographics: age, grade level currently teaching and years of teaching experience at No. 26 Basic Education High School in Mandalay, Myanmar. The participants of this study were 96 teachers from No. 26 Basic Education High School at Mandalay, Myanmar during the academic year 2015-2016. This study was designed as quantitative and comparative study. Data was gathered using the research instrument, 5 Likert scaled questionnaire that consisted of two parts; Part I investigated the participants' demographics and Part II compared the teachers' perceptions. The data collected from the survey was analyzed by descriptive statistics; Frequency & Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation and comparative analysis; One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The transformed data of this study showed that teachers from No. 26 Basic Education High School, Mandalay had "positive" perceptions towards their school's development activities. However, the comparative analysis described that there were no significant differences in the teachers' perceptions towards school's professional development according to their demographics: age, and grade level currently teaching and years of teaching experience at No. 26 Basic Education High School in Mandalay, Myanmar. Though the findings revealed no significant differences, it gave some ideas to create a professional development encompassing teachers' multiple viewpoints in order to professionally organized learning environment where teachers' wants, needs meet and it will make the students learn successfully.


Some properties of δ-semiperfect modules are given.It is proved that ring R is δ-semiperfect if and only if every finitely generated projective module is δ-semiperfect,ring R is δ-perfect if and only if every projective module is δ-perfect.


In recent years, the use of mobile technologies has increased in a number of fields such as banking, economy, tourism, entertainment, library research, etc. These developments have also led to the use of mobile technologies for educational purposes. The successful integration of mobile learning (m-learning) technologies in education primarily demands that teachers' and students' adequacy and perceptions of such technology should be determined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare teachers' and students' abilities and perceptions concerning m-learning. Research data for the analysis were obtained from a sample of 467 teachers and 1556 students from 32 schools that were surveyed in Northern Cyprus. Based on our results, we conclude that teachers and students want to use m-learning in education. Their perceptions are positive but their m-learning adequacy levels are not sufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]


This chapter considers explanations for the patterns of judicial review exposed in this study. It examines the Court's performance in the light of the constraints of a domestic court faced both with challenges to state policy in political and security matters and the need to retain domestic and international legitimacy. The chapter places emphasis on the distinction between independence of judges and their neutrality. The lack of neutrality comes to the fore when the Court, which is the arm of an occupying state, reviews the authorities' actions that affect persons who are not part of the judges' political community. The Court has generally evaded examination of the legality under international law of the authorities' actions or granted its backing to the positions of the government, often on legally dubious grounds. In so doing the Court has effectively legitimised virtually all policies and practices, including those that are incompatible with international law. In assessing the Court's function, the chapter distinguishes between the Court's legitimising and mitigating roles, and between the effect of the Court's decisions and the effect of its shadow. Finally the chapter appraises the role that the Court has played in the transformation of the regime in the West Bank to one that has elements of a settler colonial regime.


The living standards of Chinese people are gradually rising, which has led more Chinese students to come to Korea for their academic career. In this respect, it seems significant to find out how clothing involvement affects brand attachment and brand loyalty of Chinese college students in Busan. In this study, we attempt to identify factors of clothing involvement that influence Chinese students` turn of mind towards brand attachment and brand loyalty. The results of our analysis are as follows: 1. Five factors of clothing involvement have been derived: fashion trend, favorable impression, planning, indifference and choice. For brand attachment, three factors of brand show-off, brand gravity and brand pride have been derived. 2. Factors of clothing involvement have positive effects on factors of brand attachment, and brand attachment also have significant effects on brand loyalty. 3. Clothing involvement significantly affects brand loyalty indirectly via brand attachment.


As they stand, (ii) and (iii) are a little rough, but that is inevitable if we seek—as we must at this stage—a formulation general enough to cover all plausible answers to (i). Appropriately refined formulations of (iii) will be sensitive to the answer we give to (ii) while formulations of (ii) will, in turn, depend on the answer we give to (i). It is therefore with (i) that a theory of vague boundaries must begin. There are two widely accepted answers to (i). The epistemicist about vagueness believes that vague concepts have sharp boundaries; our inability to tell where they lie is an incapacity of ours (but not a fault in us); we do not, and probably cannot, know exactly where those boundaries lie. The indeterminist about vagueness agrees that we have no knowledge of sharp boundaries for vague concepts but disagrees about the source of this lack of knowledge; vague boundedness is a semantic matter, vague concepts have no sharp boundaries for us to be ignorant of. Recently, Timothy Williamson (1994, 1996) has mounted a staunch and highly resourceful defence of epistemicism but, despite his efforts, indeterminists remain not just sceptical but incredulous. As he himself is fully aware, epistemicism strikes its opponents not just as false but as outrageous (1996, p.328). Borrowing a phrase familiar from David Lewis's discussion of reactions to his modal realism, Keefe and Smith have described epistemicism as inviting the incredulous stare (1996, p.18). My aim, in this paper, is to articulate this sense of outrage (or incredulity) and to critically evaluate Williamson's attempts to defuse it. To that end, I shall focus exclusively on Williamson's account. Although answering Williamson on this particular issue is an essential task for any would-be indeterminist, fulfilling it is only part of what is required fully to answer the epistemicist challenge. My attempt at the larger, more general task can be found elsewhere (Burgess 1998). For the epistemicist, (ii) and (iii) give way initially to the following questions:


Dear colleague Please find attached a CFP for the next MDRN conference, "Writing Literary History: Europe 1900-1950", to be held at the University of Leuven from 14-16 Sept. 2015. For more information, visit www.mdrn.be. With best wishes the MDRN team CFP_writing_literary_history


Magnetic superabsorbent was prepared with Fe3O4 magnetic powders,microcrystalline cellulose,starch,acrylic acid and cross-linking agent.The effects of the adding rate of Fe3+/Fe2+ and the addition of Fe3O4 magnetic powders on saturation magnetization of magnetic superabsorbent were investigated.The results showed that the magnetizability of Fe3O4 magenetic powders decreased at high adding rate of Fe3+/Fe2+.The saturation magnetization of the magnetic superabsorbent was 0.7 Am2/kg and the absorbability was 60 g/g.This magnetic superabsorbent could be used as water-plugging agent in oil field.


The title nickel(II) complex, [NiCl2(C18H15OP)2], was prepared in order to determine the coordination of the Ni atom. The Ni atom lies on a twofold axis and is four-coordinated by two Cl atoms and two O atoms in a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry. The Ni—Cl and Ni—O distances are 2.2151 (6) and 1.9662 (16) A, respectively. The title compound is compared with the four-coordinated copper(II) analog; the two systems are isostructural.


Abstract Skewness, like kurtosis, is a qualitative property of a distribution. A comparison of several measures of skewness of univariate distributions is carried out. Hampel's influence function is used to clarify the differences and similarities among these measures. A general concept of skewness as a location- and scale-free deformation of the probability mass of a symmetric distribution emerges. Positive skewness can be thought of as resulting from movement of mass at the right of the median from the center to the right tail of the distribution together with movement of mass at the left of the median from the left tail to the center of the distribution.


We show that a triple-junction photosensor can been obtained within a CMOS n-well technology with no additional process steps but a simple layout modification of the p-channel-stop mask. Results from the electrooptical characterisation of a specially designed test chip proved that the wavelength selectivity of the sensor can be used for colour detection and confirmed the device full compatibility with CMOS technology.


Background: Fourth branchial pouch anomaly (4BPA) is a rare condition that often presents an extreme diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. It usually causes recurrent left thyroid or perithyroid tissue inflammation, but it can be situated in the right side too. Case presentation : In this case report we present a nine-year-old girl with right sided 4BPA. She was referred for evaluation of recurrent right muscular space mass and fistula that was unresponsive to any medical or surgical procedures. This paper demonstrates the proper technical issues about diagnostic work up and surgical approach that we used to manage her dilemma. Conclusion: In patients with both skin fistula and pyriform sinus opening, external cannulation is more convenient and less traumatizing than internal cannulation.


The interaction between Human and Machine has already crossed the Mouse and Keyboard technology to newer dimensions. Crossing the boundaries of virtual world the interaction between Human and Machine has nearly started to be more compatible with the physical world around us. With the availability of the latest platforms that have been developed in many domains it becomes easier to link the Human-being of Machine environment. The world is growing vastly and by applying the interaction between human and machine we can perform a certain task that we want to implement for our requirements, so that we can able to go along the world's development. Generally android mobile is having accelerometer sensor and Bluetooth technology. By using the Android platform with accelerometer sensor and Bluetooth we are controlling a robot and also used to pick a nearby object for physically disabled people.


After billions of years of evolution, the form, structure, function, behavior and other aspects of living things in the nature have been optimized, designers imitate this advantages to make the bionics melt into structure, then biomimetic structure came to being. On the basis of some examples, this paper establishes two different classification methods of biomimetic structure--according to different imitating objects and different imitating aims, and presents the conception of form-finding bionics, takes tree structure as an example to analyze.


Introduced the basic theories of network communications,including the Windows Socket and the Client/Server model. A network chat system was designed.The paper analyzed the workflow of this chat system.Then the chat system was implemented using Visual C++ 6.0 on the Windows operating system.Test results reflect that the system performs with good fluency.


The major aim of any organization is to function effectively to enable proper productive atmosphere. However, employing best strategist for proper management of an organization is necessary to foster good human relationship among workers and employees in an organization. Such better approaches or strategies include; collaboration among workers representatives, proper bargaining and fair power play among others. As the causes of this conflict was identified properly in this paper, such causes as poor management styles of leadership, late of payment of workers, salaries, inappropriate termination of workers appointment social awareness of workers individuals interest among other things. The paper recommends that employee of organization should properly build a good human relationship between their staff by having a mutual understanding between their workers representative and management representative. The paper further recommends that late payment of workers' salaries should be avoided by any organization to enable enough production. It also suggests that workers in construction firm should not be sacked from their jobs inappropriately.


Khori Kallwa is a short film project that metaphorically explores the ideal constructed around death, and how death itself destructs all possible ideals when confronting them with reality. The short film explores, through a minimal situation, the condition of the being that is in search of reconstruction after a process surrounding death. A process that can be reduced at a personal level, into the need of abandoning a known reality in order to accept a change into a new one, the void.


The article deals with the search for the signals of the real source current or the real source voltage with the help of the ||i ‐ i0|| or ||u0 ‐ u||→ min criteria. At the same time there, one must know the power flux between the source and the receiver. The problem is solved by means of a certain Hilbert space where a special square functional is minimized. Both the inner impedance operator of the source and the receiver operator are non‐linear. The article presents a simple computational algorithm for a two‐terminal circuit, in particular for the circuit consisting of a saturated choking coil and a diode element. This algorithm can be applied to a special class of two‐terminal circuits, i.e. the circuits recognized as linear in case of small signal increase. The optimal current is calculated until it is fixed. This way, one gets a periodic steady state. The algorithm in question is always locally convergent, but the global convergence is difficult to prove. However, many numerical experiments indicate the global convergence. Presents the results in the form of computer plots.


These days the feeding of the dogs is based on two main diets: the homemade diet and the commercial diet. Each of these diets has a different impact on the accumulation of the plaques and calculus on the surface of the teeth and the gingival margins. The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of the homemade diet, the commercial diet and the mix diet (homemade and commercial) in accumulation of the plaques and calculus and as a consequence in development of the gingivitis and peridontitis. For this experiment were used 24 dogs, from four to ten years old divided in three groups of eight dogs each, for a period of 24 months. The first group was fed only with homemade food; the second group was fed with commercial dry food (Pedigree and Top Line); the third group was fed with homemade food and commercial dry food. Every three months, dogs were checked for the accumulation of the plaques and calculus eventually the gingivitis and periodontitis. Based on these observations was noticed that the plaques and calculus were mostly developed among the dogs of the first group, which were on the homemade diet (100%). The plaques and calculus were less development among the dogs which were on a dry commercial diet (62.5%). Whereas it was noticed that in the third group, dogs fed on a mixed diet the plaques and calculus were developed in a greater number of dogs compared to the dogs fed on a dry commercial diet and less than the dogs fed on a homemade diet (87.5%). Keywords: dog, homemade diet, commercial diet, gingivitis, periodontitis.


KEY TERMS, AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................... LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................................. RACE............................................................................................. MULTICULTURALISM AND POST-RACE IDEOLOGY.............................. GENDER IN SOCIAL MOVEMENTS .................................................... RACE, GENDER, CLASS AND FEDERAL INVOLVEMENT......................... METHODOLOGY METHODS OF DATA AND ANALYSIS................................................... LIMITATIONS.................................................................................. DATA ANALYSIS THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS.......................................................... FINDINGS: SYSTEMIC POVERTY............................................................ GENDERED INEQUITY............................................................ FEMALE LEADERSHIP AND REPRESENTATION........................... CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................ BIBLIOGRAPHY...................................................................................... 2 3 6 6 10 14 18


The paper is concerned with a better understanding of the job insecurity and labour market uncertainty youngsters confront on the labour market in Europe shortly before and during the Great Recession. The main thrust of the paper is to explore youth insecurity and uncertainty in notably the Central and Eastern European countries (CEE) compared to Western European countries with a particular focus for the role played by young people's skills, the level of trust in society, and for the ways of governance as indicated by the social models the countries represent. We use the European Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS) and the European Social Survey (ESS). We ran discrete choice logistic and probit regression models on the three variables of interest: objective and subjective job and employment insecurity. At the individual level the findings substantiate the existence of strong correlates between people's skills, their level of social and institutional trust and objective and subjective job and employment insecurity. At the country level we show that the observed insecurity gaps between insiders and outsiders are strongly skill-based notably in the Nordic countries as well as strongly age-based notably in the Southern regimes. The patterns of insecurity and uncertainty in the CEE countries are skill-based and age-based at the same time, and mirror their relative low levels of trust and their high levels of job insecurity in some countries and employment insecurity in others.


This study aimed to analyze non-verbal communication between mother and child in HIV/Aids conditions by looking at the language of touch during the performance of maternal care. An exploratory research was developed in an experimental setting in Fortaleza-CE during the second semester of 2007, involving five mother-baby pairs. Three resources were used for data collection: semistructured questionnaire on the life history of mother and child; filming of maternal care (changing, bathing, lulling, playing and feeding) and a script to analyze the recordings based on the language of touch. The researchers identified 354 interactions, the analysis of which indicated that bathing presented the largest number of mother-child interactions, and that care with strong touch and the use of instrumental touch prevailed. It is concluded that the mother-child relations inserted in the HIV universe should be continuously debated with a view to more effective care promotion and that maternal care represents an opportunity to strengthen affective bonds by using touch, promoting the child's satisfactory emotional and social development.


Wasong(Orostachys japonicus A. Berger) has been used as anti-cancer medicinal plants from ancient time. This experiment was conducted to obtain some fundamental informations concerning anatomical study, germination test, soil analysis of indigenious districks, adaptaion of soil for wasong. The leaf of wasong was xerotype with spine, mesophyl chloroplast is dense surrounded vascular bundle, with a many large water storage tissue without chloroplast, and was bifacial stomata leaf type. The stem of wasong was amphicribral vascular bundle, central cylinder was cylinder type and protostele. Root was polarch type, potoxylem of it's was arranged in ring shape of annulation and metaxylem. The structure of flower was cymose, was caylyx of 5 sepals, corolla of 5 petals, roecium of 10 stames, ovules of five, placentation parietal, ovary superior, axile placenta. The optimum temperature for seed germination was 25~circC under light and germination percentage was 22.5%. Dormancy breaking was effective for 6-8 days at 5~circC and at 100 ppm level of GA3 The soil analysis of wasong local districks, content of available P2O5 , Ca were higer than optimal level of upland and C.E.C., exchangeable k was not significantly different of that, but exchangeable magnesium was very low. The growth of wasong was affected draining regardless soil combination treatment.


Overview This well-written manuscript details a comparison between ERA-Interim and ICAR at generating precipitation over New Zealand's south island. They find that ICAR adds value over ERA Interim at most alpine locations, but not at coastal stations. They additionally tease apart ICAR performance during different flow regimes (identified by the Froude number) and during different weather regimes (identified through synoptic patterns). The work is useful and complete, and I have only minor comments, enumerated below.


ABSTRACT Introduction Children who are more active enjoy sports, have confidence in their ability to engage in physical activity, feel competent and perceive fewer barriers to physical activity. Objective Psychosocially characterize the asthmatic child's relationship with enjoyable physical activity, physical self-concept, health and perceived quality of life. Method Eighty asthmatic children (age = 11.33 ± 1.10 years, body mass index [BMI] = 20.52 ± 3.83 kg/m2) and 80 healthy children (age = 11.18 ± 1.00 years, BMI = 20.81 ± 4.24 kg/m2) participated in the study. The Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES), Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C), the Physical Self-concept Questionnaire (CAF) and the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) were used. Results In the PACES questionnaire, healthy children had a better level of general physical activity while in the CAF questionnaire, significant differences were found in ability, physical fitness and general self-concept, which were higher in healthy children. There is a significant correlation between the PAQ-C and ability, general physical self-concept, PACES and total PAQLQ in asthmatic children. Conclusion Asthmatic children had lower levels of physical activity, physical self-concept and enjoyment in physical activity than healthy children. Level of evidence II; Retrospective study.


Public Health (PH) applications in County of Los Angeles (LAC), Department of PH have been developed to meet individual PH program's goals. This resulted in lack of county-wide PH data integration, efficiency, and usefulness. LAC encouraged the development of web-based applications utilizing standards-based PH Information Network interoperable service-oriented architecture (SOA). The goal was to stop the evolution of fragmented health data systems which place limitations on the PH mission of safeguarding and improving the health of the community as well as responding to large-scale threats to PH. PH Nursing case management is one example of LAC's initiative for promotion of web-based tools which will be utilized within this SOA. This PH architecture is capable of supporting electronic data exchange from PH partners using a HL7 integration hub. It promotes the development of management tools and applications to assist PH response and recovery activities while providing resources to support departmental integration.


There are many areas in medical aesthetics where more clarity and guidance is needed. As a non-medical prescriber and practising aesthetic nurse, Amy Lamb discusses her views on whether those practitioners with prescribing qualifications and eperience should be prescribing for peers and their patients. She presents arguments to support both sides of this contentious debate


The 1.6 m New Solar Telescope (NST) at Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO) is the recently constructed world largest optical solar telescope on the ground. Up to date it has been partly operated, i.e., observations have been made at Nasmyth focus only without adaptive optic (AO) system. The AO system plans to be installed in this summer. Using the NST, we have observed the north polar limb in H-alpha line center wavelength on 2009 August 26. A remarkable H-alpha eruption was observed from 18:20 UT to 18:45 UT and it had a relatively slower speed of about 10 km/s in early stage. Then the eruption was slightly accelerated up to 20-30 km/s and appeared to be deflected along the pre-existing magnetic field. The eruption also showed several interesting characteristics such as bifurcation, rotation, horizontal oscillation, and direction and thickness change of its structure during eruption. In this paper, we will report the observational properties of the small-scale eruption observed by the NST and discuss their implication on magnetic reconnection.


Objective To study the effect of pregnancy relative factors on primigravida stress urinary incontinence(SUI),and the mobility of the urethrovesical junction(UVJ-M) at different periods of pregnancy.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in 182 primigravida,including SUI patients(n=78) and non-SUI patients(n=104).International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form(ICI-Q-SF) and the UVJ-M of the patients were measured by perineal sonographic at 6-10,24-28,36-40 gestational weeks and 6-8weeks after delivery.Results ① The incidence of SUI at 6-10,24-28,36-40 gestational weeks and 6-8 weeks after delivery was 3.85%,13.19%,25.82% and 2.20%,respectively,and there were significant differences among them(P0.05).② The UVJ-M at 6-10,24-28,36-40 gestational weeks and 6-8weeks after delivery was(3.26±1.62)mm,(4.67±1.47)mm,(6.65±1.12)mm and(2.64±0.97)mm,respectively,and there were significant differences among them(P0.05).③ There were a significant differences in UVJ-M between SUI patients and non-SUI patients at the same period of pregnancy(P0.05).Conclusions The incidence of SUI and UVJ-M is elevated with the increase of gestational weeks.The UVJ-M of SUI patients is increased at the same period of pregnancy compared with that of non-SUI patients.


In the modern business online marketing communication has become an extremely important phenomenon through its scale and implications on life and society in general. This way the development of the Internet has known a significant worldwide increase in the recent years. Its importance is recognized even by the most approved personalities in literature (Kotler and Keller, 2008), the Internet offering organizations and consumers greater opportunities for interaction and individualization. This article is trying to outline the importance and role of the Internet in communication efforts undertaken by bricolage companies.


The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicinal composition for treating amenorrhoea. The traditional Chinese medicinal composition is prepared from the following active pharmaceutical ingredients according to a certain weight ratio: codonopsis pilosula, prepared rehmannia root, epimeddium, Chinese photinia leaf, Chinese angelica, white peony root, motherwort, Radix Astragali, cornu cervi degelatinatum, bighead atractylodes rhizome, Poria cocos, Uniflower Swisscentaury Root, fructus liquidambaris, motherwort fruit, Cyperus Rotundus L, cassia twig, wolfberry, ligustrum lucidum, semen cuscutae, raspberry, ephedra stem, mulberry bark, achyranthes root, safflower, radix bupleuri, Japanese eupatorium, Radix Curcumae, licorice, ground beetle, leech, balloonflower root and Ligusticum wallichii. The traditional Chinese medicinal composition provided by the invention has advantages of stable curative effect, short treatment time and little side-effect.


Here we observe that Cheetahs in Tswalu Kalahari Reserve also use these structures as look-out perches. We have observed cheetahs on top of colonies and have camera trap footage of them climbing the trees that contain these structures.


Germany and the United Kingdom present contrasting models of national health and safety structures. The national institutional systems inevitably influence the health and safety system in a country. In Germany, the legislators and the enforcers reflect the country's decentralised structure, producing fragmented legislative and regulative mechanisms and a dual system of enforcement (shared between the inspectors of the professional associations and the federal state inspection authorities) within a highly juridified framework that includes statutory worker co-determination in these issues in companies that fall under the jurisdiction of the 1972 Works Constitution Act. By comparison, in the United Kingdom, health and safety structures are centralised and integrated. They are set within a rather more voluntaristic national framework. Although this is one area that has traditionally been subject to more legislation than others, managers in the UK nevertheless have more opportunity to exercise their own discretion than their counterparts in Germany.


Determination of correct and stable assembly sequence is a must for automated assembly systems. The present work is a novel approach for generation of robotic assembly precedence constraints using directional part contact-level. This contains the information on directional connections for each pair of mating components. The part motion instability is crucial to the determination of stable assembly sequence because this affects the dexterity of robots. An example is presented to illustrate the concepts and procedure of the proposed scheme. This method can be effectively used to generate stable robotic assembly sequences.


The invention discloses a method of acquiring media service parameter indication, which belongs to the field of communication and can select a better service and scheduling mode for a terminal user and optimize user experience of media service. The method comprises steps: a GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) or a PGW (Packet data network Gateway) acquires a media service flow configuration parameter indication, wherein the media service flow configuration parameter indication comprises at least one selected from the following: a data packet sequence number, a current connection state, and media information and media playing time; the GGSN or the PGW sends the media service flow configuration parameter indication to a SGSN (Service GPRS Support Node) or a SGW (Service Gateway); the SGSN or the SGW sends the media service flow configuration parameter indication to a RAN (Radio Access Network); and the RAN acquires the media service flow configuration parameter indication. The method, the device and the system of the invention are used for transmitting media service.


Nasal phonemes are well represented within the lexicon of BininjKunwok.1 Thisstudyexaminesintervocalic,wordmedial nasals and reports patterns of coarticulation using a Smooth- ing Spline Analysis of Variance (SSANOVA). This allows for detailed comparisons of peak nasal airflow across six female speakers of the language. Results show that in a VNV sequence there is very little anticipatory vowel nasalisation and greater carryover into a following vowel. The maximum peak nasal flow is delayed for coronals when compared to the onset of oral closure in the nasal, indicating a delayed velum opening gesture. The velar place of articulation is the exception to this pattern with some limited anticipatory nasalisation. The SSANOVA has shown to be an appropriate technique for quantifying these patterns and dynamic speech data in general.


Study on logistics project risk will give helpful information for managers to make decision or manage risk. Therefore, it is meaningful to evaluate the logistics project risk. This paper gives evaluation indexes system of logistics risk firstly, Then combines the unascertained theory with fuzzy method, and gives the evaluation model of logistic project risk basing on unascertained theory and fuzzy method, firstly the risk probability and risk loss are given by using the unascertained theory and fuzzy method respectively, then the whole risk of logistics project is given according to the mean of risk. And the application of the comprehensive evaluation model is given, which combines the quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis and the model is effective and system to evaluate risk, and is useful for managers to manage risk of logistic project.


To determine the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), and assess whether the development of AITD is correlated with specific DQ-A and DQ-B loci of the HLA class II antigens, we analyzed thyroid function using anti-thyroid antibodies and HLA-DQ-A and -DQ-B polymorphisms in 69 patients with type 1 DM, in 75 normal healthy controls, and in 21 patients with AITD but without type 1 DM. Eighteen patients (26%) in the diabetic patients had AITD. In the diabetic patients, DQA1*0301 and DQB1*0302 occurred more frequently than in controls [DQA1*0301: OR=1.939, 95% CI=1.210–3.109 (P=0.008, Pc (corrected P) <0.05); DQB1*0302: OR=2.558, 95% CI=1.354–4.832 (P=0.005, Pc>0.05)]. Compared with controls, non-diabetic subjects with AITD showed higher frequency of DQA1*0301 (Pc<0.05) and DQB1*0601 (Pc>0.05), but these alleles were not contributing factors in the development of AITD in diabetic patients. In diabetic patients, DQB1*0201, known as susceptible allele of type 1 DM was not a contributing factor in the development of AITD in diabetic patients. Unlike DQB1*0201, DQB1*0401 was more frequently found in diabetic patients with AITD than in controls [OR=4.053, 95% CI=1.607–10.221 (P=0.0017, Pc<0.05)] or than in non-diabetic AITD patients [OR=15.769, 95% CI=1.905–130.530(P=0.002, Pc<0.05)]. In non-diabetic subjects, DQB1*0401 did not provide susceptibility for AITD. Our results suggest that HLA DQB1*0401 is a predisposing genetic marker for the development of AITD in patients with type 1 DM in Korea.


Many significant challenges exist for the mental health field, but one in particular is a lack of data available to guide research. Language provides a natural lens for studying mental health ‐ much existing work and therapy have strong linguistic components, so the creation of a large, varied, language-centric dataset could provide significant grist for the field of mental health research. We examine a broad range of mental health conditions in Twitter data by identifying self-reported statements of diagnosis. We systematically explore language differences between ten conditions with respect to the general population, and to each other. Our aim is to provide guidance and a roadmap for where deeper exploration is likely to be fruitful.


An outbreak of avian spirochaetosis in free ranging white-breasted guinea fowls associated with acute colisepticemia was diagnosed and reported in this paper. During investigation of the outbreak, clinical signs observed were sudden death, listlessness, depression, cyanosis of the wattles and combs, increased thirst, anorexia and fever up to 43°C. There was sporadic mortality of the affected birds. Ticks were observed on the less feathery parts of healthy and the affected guinea fowls and may have contributed to the transmission of the etiologic agent of spirochaetosis ( Borellia anserina ) leading to the high mortality in this outbreak. Lack of immunization and prompt case reporting contributed to the severity of infection and losses recorded in the farm. Total collapse in tick control and environmental management were the major factors, which precipitated the outbreak. Keywords : Spirochaetosis; colisepticemia; Numida meleagridis ; Nigeria Animal Production Research Advances Vol. 2 (3) 2006: pp. 161-163


PURPOSE
To evaluate the clinical and histological outcome after corneal stem cell grafting in unilateral chemical burns in eight consecutive patients.

METHODS
The visual performance and degree of irritation were evaluated following autologous corneal stem cell grafting. Scar tissue overlying the injured corneas as well as two corneal buttons obtained at penetrating graft performed a year or more after the stem cell graft were evaluated histologically.

RESULTS
Seven of the 8 grafted eyes obtained useful vision postoperatively. Two of these eyes had undergone a penetrating graft following initial surgery. The chronic irritation before surgery was significantly reduced. In one eye a penetrating graft was opacified due to a late developing scar entropion.

CONCLUSIONS
Autologous corneal stem cell grafting proved successful in restoring vision and reduce irritation in unilateral chemical burns. Histological examination indicates that the conjunctival overgrowth is replaced by regular corneal epithelium.


The modern technology advances to a point where it is possible and extensively desirable to improve reliability and the technical process safety. This is achieved by computer implanted FDI procedures (Fault Detection and Isolation). However, the malfunction of actuators, sensors and of the process components, as well as erroneous actions of human operators can have some disastrous consequences in high risk systems such as: Spatial engines (Astronomy), aircrafts (Aviation), nuclear reactors and chemical plants. Thus, each failure or fault can lead to shutdowns or a rupture of service and consequently a plant output reduction. There is an improvement of consciousness and attitude to possible disaster provoked by failures that could enable a failure tolerating system development. Such system must maintain a optimal performance during normal operating conditions and must handle encountered critical situations during which the system's conditions are abnormal that is by performing of detection and diagnosis procedures and reconfiguration according to accurate software programs. In this study, we focus on the diagnosis of the flexible manufacturing systems which are described by a model based on the Petri nets. The basic idea consists of residuals generators resulting from the equation of marking evolution of the process and having appropriated structures to facilitate fault isolation.


Abstract The latest developments in computer hardware and software have provided a powerful interactive multimedia learning environment. Computer Aided Learning (CAL) is part of the integral learning process which includes the involvement of teachers and books.Before the merits of CAL are discussed some of its features and capabilities will be identified. Some of the characteristics of CAL will be illustrated with extracts from courseware written to investigate its potential for teaching surveying (SurCAL) at The University of Nottingham.


In a number of towns and cities worldwide development programmes have been initiated to provide designated bike surfaces reserved for movement of cyclists along city network. There has been an increase in the use of bicycle as a regular means of personal transport, particularly in recent years when technical solutions and modern materials have allowed more active use of bicycles in big cities. Judging from the perspective of bicycles Belgrade has undergone several significant changes. In the period preceding the Second World War the number of bicycles in the city (area of which used to be much smaller than today) was considerable, particularly in relation to vehicles. In the following periods, development of the city has gradually pushed bicycles towards outskirts. Today bicycles are mostly used for recreation purposes. In this process a special signalization addressed to cyclists has been mainly neglected. So-called standard info-solutions essentially addressed to drivers, were applied. A new aesthetics of the city, as one of possible ideas of the urban space re-engineering, is based also on introduction of "Zones 20" 20mph (30 km/h) zones as well as on more active use of bicycles. In addition, both mentioned measures increase ecological quality of life in the city. A new concept of info-system addressed to cyclists moving along street network of a big city (Case Study of Belgrade, 2004) is presented in this paper.


We propose an energy-aware dynamic routing strategy in order to provide balanced energy consumption in wireless sensor networks, hence, prolonging the lifetime of the network. The proposed routing algorithm uses local betweenness centrality to estimate the energy consumption of the neighboring nodes around a given local sensor node, without requiring global information about the network topology or energy consumption, and to divert traffic from nodes that are more heavily used. Because nodes with large local betweenness centrality consume energy more quickly, the network lifetime can be prolonged by redistributing energy consumption to nodes with smaller local betweenness centrality. Simulation results showed that the proposed routing strategy has advantages over shortest path routing with respect to extending network lifetime and balancing energy consumption in wireless sensor networks, yet does not introduce significant additional transmission overhead or a longer average path length.


Abstract Please click here to download the map associated with this article. There is considerable evidence of changes in vegetation phenology in response to climate change, where some of this evidence comes from field studies and some comes from the analysis of satellite image data. This paper reports on the analysis of a suite of six indices that depict the way that the phenological profile for vegetation as recorded in image time series can change over time and shows that these indices can be interpreted so as to provide information on how the vegetation is responding across more extensive areas. The analysis also shows that changes in vegetation phenology often include strong regional influences. Some of these regional influences defy easy analysis using just the indices alone, requiring more detailed field analysis to fully understand the changes that are taking place.


The core topic of new public management is the valid supply of public service. The theory includes a series of basic views of improvements in public service supply. Although the way of public service supply promoted by these views has overstepped the traditional one,there is much in them that deserves reconsideration.Based on reconsideration of these views,the present paper discusses their value to public service supply in China.


THE AUTHOR DESCRIBES A METHOD OF OPTIMIZING THE COORDINATION OF SIGNAL PROGRAMS; THIS CAN BE USED AS A PLANNING PROGRAM ON NORMAL COMPUTERS, BUT IN PARTICULAR AS A DIRECT TRAFFIC CONTROL PROGRAM. THE OPTIMIZATION CRITERIA ARE WAITING TIME OR NUMBER OF STOPS OR A LINEAR COMBINATION OF THE TWO. THE METHOD IS BASED ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF TRAFFIC OVER THE INDIVIDUAL ACCESS ROADS, EITHER MEASURED DIRECTLY OR CALCULATED BY MEANS OF STATISTICALLY ADJUSTED VALUES OR MODELS. IN DESCRIBING THE METHOD OF OPTIMIZATION, THE AUTHOR GIVES DETAILS OF THE TRAFFIC ALLOWED ON EACH JUNCTION ACCESS, THE DIRECTIONAL OPTIMIZATION OVER ONE SECTION OF ROAD, BOUNDARY CONDITIONS, AND THE STRUCTURE OF A NETWORK. EXPERIENCE GAINED SO FAR WITH THE NEW OPTIMIZATION METHOD FOR ADAPTIVE GREEN TIME CONTROL HAS BEEN ENCOURAGING. AN EXAMPLE OF A PRINT-OUT SHOWS THE INPUT DATA, THE CALCULATED DENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS, THE ORIGINAL POSITION, AND THE POSITION AFTER OPTIMIZATION.


An ablation plasma generated by intense, pulsed ion beam was used for thin-film deposition of commercially interesting material (Ba/sub x/,Sr/sub 1-x/)TiO/sub 3/ (0<x<1). The deposition has been carried out in vacuum and on the substrate at the room temperature. The deposited thin films were analyzed by using Rutherford backward scattering, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscopy. It has been understood that the film deposition rate was /spl sim/20 nm/shot and the thin film had the same composition as the target. Maximum dielectric constant was obtained at x=0.5.


Multi cation metal-halide perovskites exhibit desirable performance and stability compared to their mono cation counterparts. However, the study of the photophysical properties and the nature of defect states in these materials is still a challenging and ongoing task. Here, we study bulk and interfacial energy loss mechanism in solution-processed MAPbI3 (MAPI) and (CsPbI3)0.05[(FAPbI3)0.83(MAPbBr3)0.17]0.95 (triple cation) perovskites solar cells using absolute photoluminescence (PL) measurements. In neat MAPI films, we find a significantly smaller quasi-Fermi level splitting than in triple cation perovskite absorbers which defines the device open-circuit voltage. PL measurements at low temperatures (~50 K) on MAPI films demonstrate that emissive subgap states can be effectively reduced using different passivating agents, which lowers the non-radiative recombination loss at room temperature. We conclude that whilst triple cation perovskite cells are limited by interfacial recombination, the passivation of surface trap states in MAPI films is the primary consideration for device optimization.


The sixth expeditionary voyage of the USSR Academy of Sciences research vessel Dmitrii Mendeleev, participated in by an ethnographic party of eight persons, took place in 1971. (1) It was the first journey by ethnographers from our country to the islands of Oceania since the time of N. N. Miklukho-Maklai. Participation of ethnographers in the voyage yielded considerable scientific findings. Three books were published, including the collective monograph On the Maklai Coast [Na Beregu Maklaia] (2), as well as over twenty articles. Several papers were read at scholarly congresses and conferences. Valuable exhibits were acquired for the Leningrad Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, USSR Academy of Sciences, and two ethnographic films were made.


Cement is a binder, a substance used for construction that sets, hardens and adhering to other materials, binding them together. Cement is seldom used on its own, but rather to bind sand and gravel together. Cement is used with fine aggregates to produce mortar for masonry, or with sand and gravel aggregates to produce concrete. Concrete is a composite material composed of fine and coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that hardens over time. Annual production of cement is nearly 425 million tonnes, India is the second largest cement producer in the world and accounts for 6.9 percent of worlds cement output. Biomedical waste, generated from medical sources and activities is a cause of concern for environmentalist. These wastes are generated in the process of diagnosis treatment and similar activities pertaining to human and animals. Also in the production or testing of biological instruments/components. Biological waste is broadly classified as biological and nonbiological wastes that may or may not be infectious.


As the stock markets of the developing countries grow and assume a more prominent role in the economy, the regulatory framework continues to evolve alongside. Functions of a market regulator include enhancing disclosure of information and preventing the misuse of asymmetric or insider information, thereby increasing efficiency of intermediation by financial markets with respect to savings, price discovery, allocation of investment, and the pricing and hedging of risk. Regulatory agencies can add value by reducing problems of information asymmetry and moral hazard by enhancing transparency and disclosure and by mitigating conflicts of interest. Moreover, regulators in the emerging markets are particularly concerned over excessive market volatility since it is considered, among other factors, reflecting possible market manipulation and speculative trading. In the presence of network effects, where value to any one individual increases with the increase in the number of participants, a herding behaviour can ensue and lead to excessive volatility and sharp swings in the stock prices. A lack of trust in the fairness of markets due to potential for manipulation, highlighted by recurring scandals, scams, and irrational exuberance of the investors, manifesting itself in speculative bubbles, exacerbate the market volatility. Such manipulative and speculative behaviour imposes implicit costs on the market participants and increases the cost of intermediation. The inefficiencies in market intermediation


Relevance of the topic. Physical disability is a complex phenomenon, reflecting the interaction between features of a person's body and features of the society in which he or she lives. Disability can result his or her personality change - at least partially collapses, changes daily life and begins to change even the most important values. Social roles are changing. Social roles oblige a person as a family member, parent, at work as a team member his/ her special silks, these responsibilities are important not just personally, but for other like family members, friends colleagues. Therefore, it is very important to reveal psychosocial problems of people with physical disability in order to create a favorable psychosocial environment for people with disabilities to seek independence in order to live in dignity in the community. Aim of the research: To reveal the psychosocial problems of individuals with physical disabilities. Subject matter of the research: psychosocial problems of persons with physical disability. Question of the research: What are the psychosocial problems of the persons with the physical disabilities Method of the research: Quantitative - questionnaire survey method was chosen for empirical research. The participants were members of the organizations of the disabled (Kaunas disabled recreation and sports club, "Santaka") who had physical disability. 33 persons participated in the research. Findings of the study: The results of the study revealed that there is still a lack of environmental adaptation for people with physical disabilities. The public attitude to the disability is one of the major problems. For this reason, there are many psychosocial problems related to employment, education, leisure and active social life. For the disabled, the family, both as a full-fledged phenomenon and as a support for self-sufficiency, is very important. According to the majority of respondents, the family members they live with (parents, spouses) help them to cope with household problems. This research has shown that the vast majority of people with physical disabilities never seek help from social workers if they are unable to find the right information, find a solution, advice and help first in an informal group. The majority of respondents believe that public attitudes towards people with physical disabilities are improving, especially among young people, and by the influence of the European Union.


Results: Eighteen patients had T1 KS and 21 T0 KS. One patient died from KS at month 6. KS improved progressively, with complete and partial response rates of 46% and 28% at month 24, respectively. Only six patients were still receiving systemic KS therapy at month 24. Complete response was observed in 10 of the 19 patients without systemic KS therapy at inclusion. Patients with complete response at month 24 had higher CD4 cell counts than others (465 343 versus 185 167 3 10/l; P , 0.01), but the proportion of patients with HIV-1 RNA , 500 copies/ml was not signi®cantly different. An increase in CD4 cell counts from inclusion to month 12 of . 150 3 10/l [odds ratio (OR), 13.4; 95% con®dence interval (CI), 2±82] and T0 KS at inclusion: [OR, 7; 95% CI, 1.1±42] were predictive of complete response at month 24.


The utility model provides a device capable of improving the efficiency of a thermal power unit by utilizing the residual heat of the boiler flue gas step wise. The device comprises a boiler and an economizer. The device provided by the utility model is characterized in that an air pre-heater and a flue gas high pressure water feeding heater are arranged at an outlet of the economizer, a primary wind air heat exchanger and a secondary wind air heat exchanger are arranged at the inlet end of the flue gas high pressure water feeding heater, and the flue gas heat exchanger is connected with the primary wind air heat exchanger and the secondary wind air heat exchanger through circulation lines. The device provided by the utility model has the advantages that the structural arrangement is more flexible, the heating area of the flue gas heat exchanger is greatly decreased, the flue gas high pressure water feeding heater serves as the auxiliary heating surface of the economizer, step wise counterpart utilization of the flue gas residual heat is realized, the efficiency of the unit is improved, and energy consumption of the thermal power unit is decreased, therefore, the decrease of the discharged flue gas temperature is finally realized, and the discharge of carbon dioxide is decreased as well.


After a short treatment of the ionic model of ROBERTSON and McCONNELL, two methods for the calculation of the coefficients of the spin Hamiltonian are given and discussed in connection with HUNDS rule and the magnitude of the effective total spin S. In addition, the dependence of the effective magnetic moment on those coefficients in shown. A quantitative calculation of the energy levels, wave functions and magnetic resonance properties of V (C5H5) 2, the latter being in good agreement with the experiments of McCONNELL, concludes this section. In Part II the magnetic-resonance behaviour of Ni (C5H5)2 and Co (C5H5)2 is investigated theoretically under various assumptions and as far as possible compared with experiment.


Aiming at the urban management cases of Beijing Dongcheng District, this paper pointed out that lagged information transmission, inactive governmental response, ambiguous allocation of responsibilities among specialized government departments, inaccurate application of management approaches, absence of effective supervision and evaluation mechanism are the main problems in the former urban management practice. Based on 100×100 m2 management grids, with an integrated application of computer technology, network technology, GIS and mobile communication technology etc., we created a brand new urban management model, namely 100×100 m2 grid management model, which solved all the problems at one stroke and realized accurate, efficient, full-time and full-space urban management.


Disposal outside of its boundaries is an obvious necessity when New York City's Fresh Kills landfill closes. Minimizing the impact of moving out 26000 tons/day of solid waste is the more immediate challenge.


Recent development of location technologies enables us to obtain the location history of users. This paper proposes a new method to infer users' longterm properties from their respective location histories. Counting the instances of sensor detection for every user, we can obtain a sensor-user matrix. After generating features from the matrix, a machine learning approach is taken to automatically classify users into different categories for each user property. Inspired by information retrieval research, the problem to infer user properties is reduced to a text categorization problem. We compare weightings of several features and also propose sensor weighting. Our algorithms are evaluated using experimental location data in an office environment.


At the present stage of development, the issue of housing is facing the population of the country and it can be observed that not everyone can afford to buy it. Therefore, the interaction of the state and the population in the implementation of housing loans is becoming especially relevant today. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the interaction of the state and the population in the implementation of housing loans. The main scientific and practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the authors assessed the interaction of the state and the population in the implementation of housing lending at the present stage of development. The methodological basis for the implementation of new forms of housing lending can serve as a theoretical and practical study of the basic principles of housing lending, foreign experience in this field of practice and its adaptation to modern events. As part of the work, it was revealed that in recent years the rate of increase in the issuance of housing loans has increased significantly in Kazakhstan, the growth of which was influenced by state housing lending programs and the ability to apply excess pension savings to obtain, repay mortgages and improve the living conditions of citizens. The authors also analyzed such a program as the housing and communal development program "Nurly Zher" revised for 2020– 2025. Special attention was paid to the housing lending program – "7-20-25" and "Baspana Hit". The results of the conducted research make a certain contribution to the development of housing lending, can be used to prepare lectures on relevant disciplines, and be the basis for further in-depth research.


Given the proportion and complexity of international criminal proceedings, allowing an accused to represent himself before an international criminal court might render his defence ineffective, even if the accused is a lawyer himself. If international criminal courts are not willing to have the accused bear the consequences of his choice of self-representation, the measure of appointing experienced Defence Counsel as amici curiae to make legal contributions to add to the Judges' informed decisions seems to entail fewer undesirable ethical consequences for counsel than being added as 'standby counsel' or 'court assigned counsel'. Through occupying a neutral position and not being required to represent the accused, the amici's input may balance the flow of defence and prosecution arguments and thus contribute to the fairness of international criminal trials. The measure of appointing standby counsel or court assigned counsel to an accused who wishes to represent himself appears less appropriate, especially from a legal professional perspective.


ABSTRACT In this paper, we discuss the growth potential of clusters and industrial districts (CIDs) in international markets. Over the past two decades, CIDs have gone under increasing competitive pressure while markets have progressively globalized. Lead companies, either foreign or home-grown multinationals, have globalized their operations while often reducing their commitment (e.g. investments) within CIDs. As a result, a number of second, third and fourth-tier suppliers disconnect from global value chains coordinated by lead companies, leaving the cluster fractured and jeopardizing local development prospects. Only a few firms in the CID cope with globalization. This situation represents a challenge that CIDs need to take on. In this paper, we inquire about the importance of two factors that may represent crucial conditions for the upgrading of CIDs within global markets. The long-term commitment of lead companies with the local economy, together with the dense interaction between the regional innovation system and the lead companies and their new global innovation network, are found to be crucial elements for the resilience of CIDs and their small firms. A few successful CIDs are considered vis-à-vis others that face higher risks of internal fracture. Relevant cases in Spain, Italy, and Costa Rica are analysed here.