Jamie Cohen-Cole, The Open Mind: Cold War Politics and the Sciences of Human Nature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014. 368 pp.It seems safe to say that in contemporary America, "open-mindedness" is a fairly ecumenical concept. We are told to keep an open mind to the cultural practices of others, to new technological innovations, to difference in all forms. However, open-mindedness cuts both ways: we can also hear frankly racist denunciations of "mainstream" unwillingness to consider the "scientific" evidence for the hereditary bases of intelligence as a form of "close-mindedness." Indeed, the very obviousness of the metaphor and its seeming lack of ideological specificity lend the concept a certain air of timelessness. The open mind, however-at least in its specifically American form-is a surprisingly recent invention. Jamie Cohen-Cole's meticulously researched monograph does an excellent job of excavating the political and intellectual context in which the idiom emerged, demonstrating convincingly the powerful role that it played in shaping the intellectual landscape of post-war America. Indeed, its contemporary idiomatic ubiquity-however attenuated its positive content may appear-only serves to demonstrate how successfully it has infiltrated American ways of thinking about thinking. The Open Mind lucidly charts the history of the concept, showing how it sutured creativity, rationality, autonomy, and willingness to embrace alternative viewpoints to a politically centrist, technocratic understanding of science and governance. Open-mindedness was used as both an evaluative standard for and scientific description of human activity in a surprisingly wide range of venues.Cohen-Cole argues that this open mind emerged as a quilting point for a whole host of projects and strategies within the ideology of a newly ascendant class of problem-oriented, interdisciplinary, Cold War intellectuals. These intellectuals found in the open mind the perfect expression of, and justification for, their particular experiences and understandings. Their participation in war-time working groups and policy planning, designed to rapidly mobilize America's intellectual capital to solve concrete problems, had forced them to learn to work together with experts from radically different disciplinary traditions and social locations. As they transitioned back to civilian life, they were faced with the dual challenges of transforming the networks of patronage and collegiality forged during World War II into durable institutions for the conduct of Cold War science, and-with millions of returning soldiers entering universities and the work force-of designing an educational system adequate for training a productive and cohesive citizenry. In Chapters 1 and 2 ("Democratic Minds for a Complex Society" and "The Creative American," respectively), Cohen-Cole convincingly demonstrates how open-mindedness came to serve as perhaps the chief ethical virtue guiding each of these ventures, as the creativity, receptivity to alternative viewpoints, and problem-solving orientation required for success in intellectuals' earlier undertakings came to be held as a model for both academic and civic life more generally. As World War II turned into the Cold War, these elites used their particular war-time experiences to develop a new ethics and a new way of understanding their own practices as intellectuals. These self-understandings became the basis for a series of practical interventions into the way that all Americans learned, worked, and understood themselves both as citizens and human beings.Of course, the problems of coordination in complex organizations and societies were hardly novel. Indeed, Cohen-Cole also traces how the open mind presented a solution to longstanding fears in the educational establishment and early social sciences about the corrosive effects of the division of labor and stratification of society on national unity. In the Cold War context, however, these fears took on new urgency when dovetailed with the political concerns of a centrist, technocratic elite-fears of both an insidious international communism, as well as the home-grown specters of racism and reactionary paranoia. …


In the tough COVID-19 pandemic, wearing a mask in daily life becomes an important habit. However, sometimes people forget to wear a mask or wear a mask incorrectly in careless. Hence, alarming the problem of protecting ourselves from COVID-19 becomes a key challenge. Unfortunately, at home security or oce security systems, wearing a mask lets the person identication lost its function. Hence, masked-person identication becomes an essential issue. This paper proposes an AI-based mask-wearing status recognition and person identication system for solving the above problems. The system consists of three stages, face detection based on MTCNN, mask-wearing status recognition, and person identication using MobileNetV2. Masked-person identication is one of the functions of the proposed system. The experimental results show that the face detector reaches almost 100% accuracy among 3000 images. The mask-wearing status recognition has a 96.1% test accuracy in 300 test images, and person identication achieves a 98% recognition rate. In summary, the eectiveness of the proposed system is proved by the high accuracy recognition rate. © 2021 CEUR-WS. All rights reserved.


Rota-, corona- and parvovirus particles have been visualized by direct electron microscopy in canine stools collected at random in Paris streets. A possible involvement of these viruses in gastroenteric diseases is discussed in the light of these findings.


This study aims to determine the effect of the concentration of turmeric powder (Curcuma domestica Val.) as an abrasive and an antioxidant on the characteristics of a body scrub cream and to determine the concentration of adding turmeric powder (Curcuma domestica Val.) as an abrasive and an antioxidant to produce the best characteristics of body scrub cream. This study used a randomized block design with variations in the concentration of turmeric powder with six concentration (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%). The treatments were grouped into 3 based on the time of making body scrub cream so that 18 experimental units were obtained. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and continued with Tukey's test. The concentration treatment of adding turmeric powder greatly affects pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesion, total phenol, and overall organoleptic acceptance. The concentration of adding turmeric powder 4% is the best treatment to produce a body scrub cream with the following characteristics: pH 6.52, viscosity 26.933.33 cp, spreadability 5.15 cm, adhesion 9.71 seconds, total phenol 3.19 mgGAE /g, separator ratio= 1, and overall organoleptic acceptance of 6.40 (like to like very much).
Keywords : Body scrub cream, Curcuma domestica Val., Antioxidant, Sandpaper


The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between liquidity and profitability of firms at hotels and travels sector in Sri Lanka. Cash conversion cycle (CCC) and its properties namely accounts receivable outstanding days (AROD), accounts payable outstanding days (APOD) and inventory outstanding days (IOD) have been used to explain liquidity management. Profitability is measured through return on asset (ROA), return on equity (ROE), gross profit margin (GPM) and net profit margin (NPM). Analyzing a sample of 26 randomly drawn companies listed in Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) in hotels and travels sector over three years from 2011 to 2013, the study finds that CCC is positively and significantly related to the profitability. Regression models with AROD, APOD and IOD as predicting variables instead of CCC better explain nearly all profitability measures. This effect of disaggregation is more sensitive when the profitability is measured in terms of net profit margin. Hotels and travels companies can increase profitability by allowing more credit outstanding days and having lower inventory conversion period. Accounts payable outstanding days are found to be insignificantly related to profitability. The findings reveal the effects of aggregation and de-aggregation of CCC in predicting profitability of firms in hotels and travels sector. The study also informs the hoteliers and travels firms about how different components of CCC are to be managed for increased profitability. This investigation is also significant as prior literature on liquidity and profitability nexus in hotels and travels sector is extremely limited. Findings obtained here are useful for hoteliers and policy makers to ensure efficient working capital management at hotel sector in Sri Lanka. Profitability of hotel sector firms in Sri Lanka is investigated in this paper with aggregated and de-aggregated models of cash conversion cycle.


Spatially averaged intensity profiles of the chromospheric Na I D and Ca II infrared lines exhibit a pronounced red asymmetry in their cores with bisectors in the shape of an inverse . This shape stands in stark contrast to the regular shape of photospheric spectral line bisectors, which on average exhibit a blue shift as a result of the asymmetry in surface area subtended by convective upflows over downflows. The nature of the inverse chromospheric shape is investigated by comparing spatially averaged profiles of the Na I D and Ca II infrared lines with mean profiles computed through three-dimensional snapshots of a hydrodynamic convection simulation and a one-dimensional simulation of chromospheric radiation hydrodynamics. In part the red asymmetry is the result of the asymmetry in time the atmosphere spends in downward motion compared to upward motion when it is traversed by acoustic shocks. Profiles from convection simulations without shocks suggest that convective motions play a limited role in shaping the chromospheric line asymmetry. Further simulations that include effects of both convection and shock wave formation are needed to reach a definitive conclusion on the origin of the inverse- shaped bisectors.


We consider the properties of the gauge-invariant two-point correlation functions of the gauge-field strengths for QCD in the presence of a magnetic background field at zero temperature. We discuss the general structure of the correlators in this case and provide the results of an exploratory lattice study for Nf=2 QCD discretized with unimproved staggered fermions. Our analysis provides evidence for the emergence of anisotropies in the nonperturbative part of the correlators and for an increase of the gluon condensate as a function of the external magnetic field.


The compressional behaviour of a new dense form of silicon nitride with the cubic spinel structure is studied by energy dispersive x-ray diffraction, following in situ synthesis from the low pressure form by laser heating in the diamond anvil cell, combined with theoretical density functional calculations (LDA and GGA). The unit cell dimension and the ambient temperature bulk modulus and its pressure derivative are determined to be V0 = 8.29(±0.03) Å3/atom, K0 = 308(±5) GPa and K'0 = 4±(0.2), in excellent agreement with theoretical calculations within the LDA and GGA. The calculated shear modulus is two to three times those of corresponding oxide spinels, and there is a substantial Cauchy violation, indicating a material with strong covalent bonding that is likely to be extremely hard.


The invention relates to an immobilization device for locking a furniture part that is movably supported in or on a piece of furniture, particularly a drawer, in a closed end position. The device includes at least one locking unit, which has a receiving element for an engagement element and a blocking mechanism for the releasable fixation of the receiving element in a position that locks the engagement element when the movable furniture part is in the closed end position. The receiving element or the engagement element is disposed on the furniture, and the other element is disposed on the moved furniture part. The locking unit has an overload safety mechanism, which includes at least two parts connected movably to each other.


Through tools like Google Hangouts, students can be involved in their learning in a Massive Online Open Courses, inviting them to participate through videoconferences in which they propose their experiences and ideas, encouraging interaction with their peers. In this way, the collective intelligence of all group participants will be used, creating open educational resources useful for the educational community and specifically for upcoming editions. This paper shows the experience in a massive course that makes use of Hangouts as tools and resources becoming content for this. It also shows the results of a pilot experience that proposes a Hangout between the participants of two different courses of the same department with a similar theme.


REFERENCES 1. Jacobs E, Dehou MF. Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper esophagus: a prospective study of 33 cases and review of literature. Endoscopy. 1997;29:710–715. 2. Klaase JM, Lemaire LC, Rauws EA, et al. Heterotopic gastric mucosa of the cervical esophagus: a case of high-grade dysplasia treated with argon plasma coagulation and a case of adenocarcinoma. Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;53:101–104. 3. Lauwers GY, Scott GV, Vauthey JN. Adenocarcinoma of the upper esophagus arising in cervical ectopic gastric mucosa: rare evidence of malignant potential of so-called ''inlet patch''. Dig Dis Sci. 1998; 43:901–907. 4. Gray SW, Skandalakis JE. Embryology for Surgeons; The Embryological Basis for the Treatment of Congenital Defects. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co; 1972. 5. Rattner HM, McKinley MJ. Heterotopic gastric mucosa of the upper esophagus. Gastroenterology. 1986;90:1309. 6. Maconi G, Pace F, Carsana L, et al. Prevalence and clinical features of heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper oesophagus. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2000; 12:745–749. 7. Azar C, Jamali F, Tamim H, et al. Prevalence of endoscopically identified heterotopic gastric mucosa in the proximal esophagus: endoscopist dependent? J Clin Gastroenterol. 2007;41:468–471. 8. Gutierrez O, Akamatsu T, Cardona H, et al. Helicobacter pylori and heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper esophagus (the inlet patch). Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98: 1266–1270.


Abstract Scientific research and student education aimed at preparing students to practice their profession under the conditions of civilization and technological changes play a special role in geography teaching. It is important to be aware of the impact of key competences which are necessary for every person to function in the modern world and are needed for self-fulfilment, personal development, social integration, flexible adaptation to any changes and which determine the success in adult life. Proper development of such skills contributes to the correct interpretation of natural and socio-economic phenomena and processes. The aim of the article is to present and discuss research work and teaching activities pursued by the Department of Geography Didactics and Ecological Education at the Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, aimed at the use by students of various educational concepts and the resulting key competences necessary for their future work. Students also have the opportunity to develop soft competences, such as communication, courage of expression, self-esteem or responsibility for the group, to which employers have paid special attention in recent years. Therefore, comprehensive preparation of the student requires the implementation of specific educational concepts. The most important ones include bilingual education; CLIL, inquiry based science education (IBSE), project method, fieldwork, geographical educational trails, participation, as well as the use of geoinformation technologies, GIS and ICT.


Glucose, fructose, sorbitol and xylitol were assessed as precursors of oxalate in normal rats and rats deficient in thiamin or vitamin B-6. Urinary excretions of oxalate, glyoxylate and glycine were increased significantly in vitamin B-6 deficient rats infused with xylitol when compared with all other groups. Using [U-14C]xylitol, oxalate was shown to be derived directly from this polyalcohol in vitamin B-6 deficient rats. These results suggest that vitamin B-6 deficiency may be a factor contributing to oxalate crystal deposition seen in some patients infused with xylitol.


The work presented in this report concerns the response and failure of thin 2024- T3 aluminum alloy circular plates to a blast load produced by the detonation of a nearby spherical charge. The plates were fully clamped around the circumference and the explosive charge was located centrally with respect to the plate. The principal objective was to conduct a numerical model validation study by comparing the results of predictions to experimental measurements of plate deformation and failure for charges with masses in the vicinity of the threshold between no tearing and tearing of the plates. Stereo digital image correlation data was acquired for all tests to measure the deflection and strains in the plates. The size of the virtual strain gage in the measurements, however, was relatively large, so the strain measurements have to be interpreted accordingly as lower bounds of the actual strains in the plate and of the severity of the strain gradients. A fully coupled interaction model between the blast and the deflection of the structure was considered. The results of the validation exercise indicated that the model predicted the deflection of the plates reasonably accurately as well as the distribution of strain on the plate. Themore » estimation of the threshold charge based on a critical value of equivalent plastic strain measured in a bulge test, however, was not accurate. This in spite of efforts to determine the failure strain of the aluminum sheet under biaxial stress conditions. Further work is needed to be able to predict plate tearing with some degree of confidence. Given the current technology, at least one test under the actual blast conditions where the plate tears is needed to calibrate the value of equivalent plastic strain when failure occurs in the numerical model. Once that has been determined, the question of the explosive mass value at the threshold could be addressed with more confidence.« less


Abstract This article provides a review of Transforming Universities in the Midst of Global Crisis: A University for the Common Good, authored by Richard Hil, Kristen Lyons and Fern Thompsett.


The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at GSI's future international Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) will study strongly interacting matter at high baryon densities. The central component of the fixed‐target heavy‐ion spectrometer is a high‐performance silicon vertex tracker. It applies most advanced pixel and microstrip detectors to track exclusively the charged particles created in the collisions and to reconstruct decay vertices from "open charm". The development of the silicon tracker is challenging and includes R&D on ultra low‐mass sensors and support structures, extreme radiation hardness, and fast self‐triggered readout.


Abstract49 patients with maxillary sinus infections were given orally either penicillin V, or tetracycline, or the two drugs in combination. The antibiotic concentrations in serum and sinus secretions were determined with an agar diffusion method using paper discs as diffusion centers. In only 8 out of 28 purulent secretions was it possible to demonstrate measurable concentrations of penicillin V, i.e. ≥0.2 μg/ml. The concentration of tetracycline was never lower than 0.5 μg ml. The antibiotic concentrations in purulent secretions were significantly lower than in mucous secretions. With the dosage used, 1.6 g penicillin V and 1.0 g tetracycline per 24 hours, only a few secretions contained concentrations of penicillin V equal or above the upper limit of minimal inhibitory concentrations for bacterial sensitivity group I, i.e. 0.25 μg/ml. Nearly all secretions contained concentrations of tetracycline above this upper limit, i.e. 1.0 μg/ml.


This article is about predicate which is considered as a core of a sentence from the point of view of substantial linguistics. The methodological basis of this linguistics is the categories of dialectics, the criteria are the substantial definition of a sentence, the role of predicate as a core of a sentence, etc.


Faced with the internal contradictions of the "modernity"discourses,the Beijing epic school as Yang lian and Jianghe,first had an attempt to seek for the solution of the contradictions with the aid of "cultural response",the modern epics of whom only were the relied carriers and value-attached divinity contexts for their "broadest narration""without surpassing the history.Sichuan "wholeness" school as Shi Guang-hua had attained the enlightenment from the ancient oriental intelligence and modern "Quitted Universe Biological Theory" restricted from the historical images for the sake of the development and surpass of the epics.And Li Jing-guang,and the Neo-traditionalism as Liao Yi-wu and Ouyan Jiang-he,had indeed transferred the infatuations of cultural materials to the attentions of present existing experience of the poetry,while with heavy desires,as a result,the coming poetic schools as "Denying School" and "Enfant School" all got rid of the "Neo-traditionalism".


The main objective of this paper is to purpose the newly developed prototype of electronics ballast used for 250 watt high pressure sodium (HPS) lamp. In this paper, concept designs, circuit designs, and the implementation of the 250 watt prototype-ballast are presented. Test result shows that the newly developed model provides not only lower loss compares to the traditional core-coil ballast, but also give the higher system efficiency. Moreover, the overall system power factor is above 0.85 lagging with the expectation of percentage of total harmonics distortion less than 30 percent. All test procedures, and conditions are applied to employ with 250 high pressure metal halide (HPM) lamp as well.


This paper presents a summary of the main argument raised by Liao (2004) regarding the adoption of communicative language teaching (CLT) in the Chinese context. The author discusses the critical argument made by other researchers regarding CLT and emphasises the significance of considering the teaching context. The conclusion section of the research article is also summarized, highlighting the challenges associated with implementing CLT in China and the proposed solutions. The paper suggests that CLT, being a Western approach, may not be suitable for adoption in China due to the lack of contextual consideration. It further examines the difficulties faced by teachers in conducting a needs analysis and implementing the proposed context approach. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for further research and training to improve CLT practices in Chinese classrooms and raises broader questions about the applicability of these solutions in other teaching contexts, such as Saudi Arabia. The research paper addresses important issues related to CLT adoption as an education policy decision and offers potential insights for improving language teaching practices.


A medical occlusion device 1 for treating defects in the heart of a patient, in particular for closing abnormal tissue opening, wherein the occluder 1 is composed of a multi flexible mesh 3 is thinner yarns 2 with closed weave segments 4 and open braid segments 5 wherein the occlusion device 1 is characterized in that distal disk or distal retention area 24 is bounded by a web 26 and proximal of a proximal disc retention area 25, characterized by at least in each case a fabric insert (patches) 45 in the disks 24, 25, which needed to complete closure of the shunt in the web 26 are, with the two retention portions 24, 25 coming through a mostly interventional surgical procedure on both sides of a shunt to be occluded in a septum-conditioning, while the web 26 passes through the shunt. The fibers 2 of the multi flexible braid 3 can be made from metal or metal alloys such as Nitinol, of non-resorbable plastics, selected from the group of polyesters, polyamides, polyolefins, polyurethanes and polyhalogenated olefins or bioresorbable polymers.


Why did employers pro-actively support the temporary expansion of short time work (STW) schemes during the recent crisis? This paper conceptualizes the role of STW in this contingency as an instrument of subsidized job protection that enabled employers to hoard skilled labor, reduce non-wage labor costs on fallen work hours, and preserve social rest with unions. Two sources of variation are analyzed, at cross-national and cross-sectoral level. By comparing Germany and Italy, the paper finds that employers support for STW was especially strong in skill-intensive manufacturing sectors in both countries, in line with theoretical expectations. However, cross-national diversity in the design and institutional function of STW within their respective labor market regimes shaped different incentive structures for employers in small firms and low-skill services. More generous subsidization of STW through public resources explains the stronger favor of this group in Italy than in Germany.


We consider the following fully parabolic Keller-Segel system \begin{document}$\left\{\begin{array}{ll}u_t=\nabla · (D(u) \nabla u-S(u) \nabla v)+u(1-u^γ),x'>over a multi-dimensional bounded domain \begin{document}$Ω \subset \mathbb R^N$\end{document} , \begin{document}$N≥2$\end{document} . Here \begin{document}$D(u)$\end{document} and \begin{document}$S(u)$\end{document} are smooth functions satisfying: \begin{document}$D(0)>0$\end{document} , \begin{document}$D(u)≥ K_1u^{m_1}$\end{document} and \begin{document}$S(u)≤ K_2u^{m_2}$\end{document} , \begin{document}$\forall u≥0$\end{document} , for some constants \begin{document}$K_i∈\mathbb R^+$\end{document} , \begin{document}$m_i∈\mathbb R$\end{document} , \begin{document}$i=1, 2$\end{document} . It is proved that, when the parameter pair \begin{document}$(m_1, m_2)$\end{document} lies in some specific regions, the system admits global classical solutions and they are uniformly bounded in time. We cover and extend [ 22 , 28 ], in particular when \begin{document}$N≥3$\end{document} and \begin{document}$γ≥1$\end{document} , and [ 3 , 29 ] when \begin{document}$m_1>γ-\frac{2}{N}$\end{document} if \begin{document}$γ∈(0, 1)$\end{document} or \begin{document}$m_1>γ-\frac{4}{N+2}$\end{document} if \begin{document}$γ∈[1, ∞)$\end{document} . Moreover, according to our results, the index \begin{document}$\frac{2}{N}$\end{document} is, in contrast to the model without cellular growth, no longer critical to the global existence or collapse of this system.


For altering the network prerequisites most of the video participants fully relies upon logic i;e data rate adjustment which will modify data rate. In this paper there are three key things to do when in contrast to previous measurements i;e efficiency, fairness, stability. There is a problem known as bottleneck link which is identified when multiple data rate adaptive players watch a video. we have also mentioned about bitrate adaptation approach and three essential factors speed of transmission range, data rate choice and the process of chunk distribution. By this, everyone can discover the troubles of various countless negative interactions that occur as an effect of protecting the bitrate adaptation over HTTP. Based on appreciation of these techniques, we guide how to balance between fairness, stability and effectivity that will lead to robust video adaptation.


Objective. Describe a community-based participatory research effort between Tribal Health Departments in Maine and the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), College of Public Health to conduct a modified behavioral risk factors surveillance system with five Tribal communities in Maine. Methods. The study incorporated a long-distance community-based participatory research approach where Tribal Health Directors selected domains for the survey, modified the questions as needed, and advertised/recruited for the survey. Tribal interviewers trained via UNMC College of Public Health webinars conducted the surveys via computer assisted personal interviews at Tribal health centers or other Tribal facilities. Tribal interviewers uploaded surveys from the sites into a UNMC firewall protected data base. Results. 1,127 Tribal members completed the survey. Conclusions. The methodology of this study can be adapted to other communities who wish to work longdistance with academic institutions to conduct community-based participatory research.


Songs, music, jokes, sa tire, a ' dance and glee club skit; Po· ca l' auction and dancing SkitsI mona, Scripps and CMC com· ancf all yours for a bargain price, bined , musical skits, and Whit· too! Five sere schools, Scripps ' tier, song and dance routines. and C.M·C., are collectively plan, I Bevo Talent ning for your entertainment at Beavers should be out there 8 p.m· Saturday, May 6, in en masse just to hear Our own Bridges Auditorium at Pomona. part of the enterta inment. Satire Redlands will present a tele· is rumored to rage wildly in our vision show; Oxy, a modern idea of a radio program. We'll tI


"Where do we go from here? I would suggest that those genuinely interested in Indigenous liberation go back to the grassroots and begin the process of self-organizing an autonomous resistance movement, without "o�cial" leadership from middleclass elites and separate from the Indian Act band councils, who are in reality an Aboriginal business elite seeking greater participation in industry." – Zig Zag


The purpose of this contribution is to point out several remarks on river navigation, as well as on worship of river deities, in the Croatian part of the Roman province of Pannonia. The rivers were at the Roman period the most important were the largest European rivers, such as the Rhine and the Danube, both connecting the northern with the southern and the western with the eastern regions of the continent. Besides the Danube (Danuvius, Danubius), the border river of the Empire, the most important rivers for traffic, economy, trade, and often also for strategic and military matters of Croatian part of Pannonia were the Drava (Dravus) and the Sava (Savus), together with, due to specific circumstances, the Kupa (Colapis), as well as the Bosut (Bathinus) and some others. This is recognized in literary sources and in a vast number of archaeological finds. On their banks were built important urban centres, together with accompanying infrastructure, harbours, bridges, etc. In this context, an inscription on a brick from Siscia is suggestive, testifying the fact that there were two harbours in Siscia, on both banks of the Kupa river. The most important urban centres were the colonies of Siscia (Sisak), Mursa (Osijek) and Cibalae (Vinkovci). At the same time, Siscia was connected with Sirmium (Srijemska Mitrovica) by the Sava river, and the Pannonian fleet (Classis Pannonica) patrolled upon it (it received the honorary title Flavia during Vespasian's reign).


A multilayer neural network trained by the back-propagation algorithm is developed that is able to predict which single bonds in aliphatic molecules will break preferentially. Each potential bond breaking is decribed by seven empirical physicochemical parameters that allow the treatment of large datasets of organic molecules. This make the approach outlined in this paper attractive for an automatic learning from reaction databases. It is demonstrated that a Kohonen network can be used as a basis for the selection of a training set for a supervised learning method. For training a multilayer neural network this selection gives results that are superior to a random selection and also to an experimental design technique


: The development in the field of technology has reduced the involvement of the manual work that is numerous new devices and techniques are replacing the conventional methods. Green house plantations , large scale gardening and farming are few among many trends that are being adopted in the present time. Reduction in the availability of laborers has urged for the more efficient techniques for the management of the plants. In order to overcome such situations, our project aims at monitoring soil parameters such as soil pH, moisture content and surrounding temperature. These three parameters are crucial factors for the proper plant growth. We are using a single processing chip Raspberry Pi as it is efficient and affordable. The real time data can be accessed by the owner of the land which helps him monitor the current soil parameters and can thus prevent the damage whenever there is an extreme variation in these parameters.


Quantum gravity as a unified theory coupled to quantized matter fields. Abstract In this paper we place some results of previous works together into a larger overall context. First we quantize the gravity-matter system in Ashtekar variables as a unified field, combining the Dirac, reduced phase space, geometric and path integration approaches, and construct the generalized Kodama state by expansion about the pure Kodama state for the lower spin fields. We note some interesting relationships that hold for the unified field, related to the renormalizability properties of the theory. The second quantized theory of gravity is found to correlate to a third-quantized theory of fluctuations of the unified field from DeSitter spacetime, the common link being the exitence of the generalized Kodama states.


ABSTRACT The ameliorative effect of aqueous (PPAqExt) and alcohol (PPAlcExt) extracts of Pongamia pinnata on degenerative histopathological changes in diabetic rats were investigated. Rats were divided into six groups. 1. Control group (NC). 2. Diabetic control group (DC)3. PPAqExt (TD1) 4. PPAlcExt (TD2) 5. Standard Control group (SD) 6. Vehicle Control group (VC). Blood samples were collected for the detection of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. The vital organs pancreas, liver, kidney, and testis were prepared for histopathological studies. Treatment with PPAlcExt produced a reduction in HbA1c levels (8.4%) compared to DC (13.63%). The histopathological microscopic examination of diabetic rats showed marked changes in all the vital organs ranging from mild to severe along with cell infiltration, degeneration, and necrosis. Treatment with both the extracts showed a reversal in structural and cellular integrity of the vital organs involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus.


This paper describes the evolution of financial risk instruments in Europe before 1600. It discusses the evolution of marine insurance and its displacement of the sea loan, as well as early examples of forward transactions, options, and futures contracts. In contrast to business, households had only limited access to financial risk instruments--mainly in the form of life-contingent annuities.


In business simulations, industry-level product demand is typically determined by a variety of factors. In the marketplace, these variables are not independent, yet many simulation algorithms in the literature assume that they are. The multiple-market-segment industry-level demand equation detailed in this paper allows for correlations among three attributes that form the domain of the demand equation.


The invention relates to a control device (2) for controlling an unmanned aerial vehicle (4), with a topography data detecting means (6) for detecting a topography data set (D). According to the invention an evaluation means (8) for evaluating the topography data set (D) is provided to a coordinate data set (K) of at least one Notlandegebietes (N1, N2, N3) to be determined for the unmanned aircraft (4).


Abstract : A previously developed three-dimensional, variable-density hydrodynamic model was applied to the Lake Erie area about Cleveland. This application was to investigate the effect of a proposed jetport island on the summer stratification pattern in the nearshore lake area and on the flushing characteristics of the Cuyahoga River outflow into the lake. Initial results obtained from the application of the model are presented. (Author)


Necessary conditions for a deterministic optimal control problem which involves states constraints are derived in the form of a maximum principle. The conditions are similar to those of F.H. Clarke, R.B. Vinter and G. Pappas who assume that the problem's data are Lipschitz. On the other hand, our data are not continuously differentiable but only differentiable. Fermat's rule and Rockafellar's duality theory of convex analysis are the basic techniques in this paper.


Imaging was performed with both pertechnetate and /sup 131/I in 58 patients with thyroid nodules. Pertechnetate concentrated in all 12 follicular carcinomas, in two out of seven papillary carcinomas, and in some benign nodules that did not accumulate /sup 131/I in the 24-hr images.


The first surface-enhanced Raman (SERS) spectrum was observed in 1974 by Fleischmann et al. [1][1] for pyridine adsorbed on electrochemically roughened silver. However, SERS did not sustain its epidemic growth until Jeanmaire and Van Duyne reported in 1977 that the Raman intensity was magnified by a


The method of preparation of a novel plastic thin-film sensor that incorporates the fluorescent dye 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid is described; the shelf-life of the film is over 6 months. The results of a study on the equilibrium response of the sensor towards different levels of gaseous CO2 fit a model in which there is a 1 + 1 equilibrium reaction between the deprotonated form of the dye (present in the film as an ion pair) and the concentration of gaseous CO2 present. In contrast to the situation in aqueous solution, in the plastic film the pKa of the excited form of the dye appears close to that of the ground-state form, although this does not interfere with its use as a CO2 sensor. The 0 to 90% response and recovery times of the film when exposed to an alternating atmosphere of air and 5% CO2 are typically 4.3 and 7.1 s, respectively.


Let's just all go to Service Oriented Architectures, have everyone follow our group's data formats, and make sure all new systems share my system's requirements. I'll build the best system with the latest technologies and use it for everything we do. Imagine how high our scores will be for reuse percentage and for integration time when the metrics team completes their assessment.


This paper aims to successfully propose a technique for increasing security in homes by making use of a very affordable and reliable motion sensing system. This system will notify the owners (in any part of the world) whenever some unauthorized motion is detected in their homes while the house is left unattended or otherwise. This proposed system is extremely cost effective and reliable thus making it within the reach of every household. The system detects motion with an accuracy of approximately 99 percent. The components used to build this system are extremely sturdy, portable, easily available and affordable particularly when implemented commercially. Although works related to motion sensing systems for enhanced security have been reported before, this paper particularly aims at creating a system which would not only detect motion but also notify the user whether they are in any part of the world, that too at a very affordable cost.


Storage disorders and fruit decay are two major issues that affect profitability of the fruit industry. Scald (including superficial scald and senescent scald) and internal browning (including senescent breakdown, core browning, and flesh browning) are the major physiological disorders that develop after prolonged regular storage. Although postharvest fruit decay often occurs after months in storage, the innoculum is often present when fruit are placed in storage. Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) and blue mold (Penicillium expansum) are the main decay causing pathogens in the Pacific Northwest.


Focal mechanisms have been determined for one preshock, for the main shock, and for more than 25 aftershocks of the Alaska earthquake of March 28, 1964. For the main shock a single nodal plane with a strike azimuth of 66°, dip 85° southeast, is determinable from the polarity of the P wave. This plane may be taken either as a plane normal to the fault motion (thrust faulting) or as the fault plane (dip-slip motion on a near-vertical plane). A combination of P wave first motion and S wave polarization data make possible the determination of both nodal planes in each shock studied of the aftershock sequence. One of these planes is near vertical and closely resembles the nodal plane of the main shock; the other dips 5° to 15° to the northwest or north. For earthquakes of the Kodiak Island region, the near-vertical plane has the same orientation as that of the main shock. For earthquakes to the east of Prince William Sound, this plane shows a systematic change in orientation corresponding to the change in trend of the tectonic features. Three earthquakes that have foci at increasing depths along the line of greatest flexure of the tectonic features differ from the others. The difference in character of these foci probably provides an important clue to the right interpretation of the motion in the main shock. Although the focal mechanism solutions for the shocks are subject to the same ambiguity of interpretation as that of the main shock, criteria which favor a thrust hypothesis are advanced from the interrelation of the foci. From dislocation theory it is shown that differential slip and/or a dipping thrust plane explain satisfactorily the observed vertical displacements at the surface.


[Objective] The research aimed to study accumulation and elimination of the heavy metal cadmium in Meretrix meretrix and the edible safety of M. meretrix. [Method]The cadmium concentration was designed as follows: 0,0. 01,0. 10,1. 00 and 2. 00 mg / L,respectively. [Result] The experiment showed that M. meretrix had a high ability of accumulating cadmium. The higher the cadmium concentration was and the longer the period of experiment was lasting,the higher the cadmium concentration in M. meretrix was. [Conclusion]The gull'ability of accumulation and elimination of cadmium was higher than that of muscle. It is safe to eat muscle.


Self-blast circuit breakers utilize the energy dissipated by the arc itself to create the required conditions for arc quenching during the current zero. During the arcing period, high pressure, temperature and radiation of the arc could burn in pure SF6 gas and PTFE nozzle. Ablated nozzle shape and SF6-PTFE mixture vapor affect the performance of an self-blast circuit breaker. But it is hard to simulate the behavior of hot gas, prediction because of complex physical behavior including radiation, calculation of electric field. Using computational fluid dynamics, the conservation equation for the gas and temperature, velocity and electric fields within breaker can be solved. Performance of ablated nozzle shape are compared with original model.


Foreground detection in complex scenarios is a challenging task. In this work, we propose to detect foreground by incrementally learning a cross-covariance based subspace. In our method, we first introduce the cross-covariance based two dimensional principal component analysis (2DPCA) algorithm into foreground detection field for better background estimation. Then, we extend the conventional cross-covariance based 2DPCA algorithm into an incremental one, which helps to model background in an adaptive way. Moreover, we consider the sparse and the continuous characteristics of the foreground, and formulate them as a fused lasso problem. By adding the fused lasso regularization into the proposed subspace learning process, we integrate the background recovery and the foreground estimation into a single optimization framework. Finally, we design an efficient approximate algorithm which solves the optimization problem effectively. We compare our method with the state of the art methods on multiple challenging video sequences. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and the advantages of the proposed method.


A traditional classroom introductory programming class has been enhanced into a hybrid class with strong classroom and Internet components. The course no longer has a textbook, but relies on a cour...


One method and graphical user interface (GUI) is presented a set of services that manage part of a computer grid, (GUI) comprises a matrix-like structure having columns and rows, each column 1 in a computer grid stands for a machine in the set of computers, computer set of the computer has a grid manager, each row represents a grid manager or other application services, the position of the label in structure, which which computers now It indicates running grid manager or other application services. (GUI), among the set of computer also includes columns representing the first computer that executes a first grid manager, one or more columns, among the set of computer, the first grid manager It represents one or more computers running one or more grid managers with lower relationship.


The elicitation of subjective probability as a means of gaining access to an individual's internal state of uncer tainty is a procedure commonly used in decision-aiding techniques (see Wright, 1984). By this means expert judg ment may be tapped. Experimental psychologists have also used this method for exploring the characteristics of human judgment. Judgments expressed as subjective probabilities must conform to the probability laws. However, Tversky and Kahneman (1983) and Wright and Whalley (1983) have shown that actual probabilistic judgments of future event likelihood frequently contradict axioms derived from proba bility theory. In the former study, this contradiction was shown even in judgments given by professional statisti cians. The program described here takes advantage of some axioms of probability theory to enable the user to make coherent judgments of the probability of future events. As incoherent (i.e., axiom-breaking) forecast probabilities cannot be accurate, the program interacts with the user to resolve inconsistencies in a manner that meets with the user's approval. selects a the and is ini


The purpose of this study is two-fold: to investigate the nature of the gender gap in computer science education in Uganda and to understand the factors that influence gender differences in computer science education in Uganda.
Data collection for the study was done in three stages. In the first stage all the 600 male and female undergraduate Bachelors of Sciences in computer science students at Makerere University were surveyed during a six week period from June 15th to July 30th 2004. 200 students responded to the survey yielding a 33.3 percent response rate. The second stage in data collection consisted of a series of qualitative interviews. Two participants each were selected based on purposeful sampling from Makerere University's office of Gender Mainstreaming, the Forum for African Women Educationalist, the Technology Committee of the Parliament of Uganda and Makerere University's Institute of Computer Science. The third stage in data collection consisted of focus group discussions. There were three focus groups: 5 male undergraduate students of computer science, 5 female undergraduate students of computer science and 5 female graduate students of computer science. Volunteers were asked from within the computer science student population. Data analysis involved quantitative and qualitative techniques.
The findings of the study indicate that there is a gender gap in computer science education. There were 511 male students and 89 female students in the undergraduate program. The reasons for the gap were revealed in the interviews, survey and focus group discussions. The study concluded that several policy measures need to be taken to address the gender gap in computer science education in Uganda.


The computation of dynamic responses of large time variant structures is usually very time consuming, due to the fact that system matrices had to be re formulated and factorized in each integration time step. Based upon the relative maturity of the net computing concept, a coarse granular parallel Newmark algorithm for such structures was developed in the parallel virtual machine (PVM) environment and applyed in the dynamic response of the moving trolley/structure system of the large container crane and the aeroelasticity response of the coupled rotor/fuselage system. The results show it has high efficiencies.


The global trend of informalisation of women's work is also evident in what is commonly known as artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) practices. Women constitute a large segment of workers in the informal mines and quarries all over the world, working as cutters, diggers, sievers, panners, crushers, processors and transporters of a broad range of minerals from sand, gravel and stones to gemstones, gold and diamonds. Small mines and quarries are extremely diverse in their nature, but comprise a repository of extremely poor people. Women are quite invisible although they participate in large numbers in these mineral extraction practices. This paper focuses on the small mines and quarries of South Asia, and reviews the gender and livelihood issues and concerns in these mines. This research presented here is exploratory in nature, making some estimates based on proxy indicators and field surveys, and addresses a gap in existing knowledge in ASM and on gender roles in the informal work in the mines and quarries in South Asia. The paper aims at providing the necessary backdrop, relevant information and interpretation of their livelihood needs for developing policy measures in relation to the informal mining industry in South Asia and for sensitisation of stakeholders to the issues rooted in gender. The more specific objectives of the research are to examine women's roles and participation in a range of informal mining practices in the region within the overall livelihoods framework.


In this work, soil samples were collected from farming areas in Qianjiang district,Chongqing,and the contents of 8 heavy metals were measured. Based on the single factor pollution index and comprehensive pollution index methods,the agricultural soils of different land use type in different areas were studied. The results show: the p H value agricultural soils in Qianjiang district ranges from 4. 26 to 7. 82,the cation exchange capacity is in the range of 10. 5 ~ 22. 7cmol / kg,and the contents of 8 heavy metals are all up to the secondary standard of the Environmental Quality Standards for Soils of China( GB15618-1995). In addition,in accordance with the secondary standard by the same methods,the 8 heavy metals in the soils belong to the level of security and are at the clean level.However,in terms of the green standard,they are placed on the alert level,which means that they are at the critical level of cleanness,and basically meet the quality requirements of soil environmental in green food producing areas.


This paper presents an assessment of aspects that influences asphaltene precipitation and deposition. This research, attempts to understand the mechanism of asphaltene precipitation and deposition, parameters affecting the precipitation and deposition process, the effect of asphaltene precipitation and deposition on oil reservoir characteristics and performance. In addition, the research involves examining the existing thermodynamic models of asphaltene precipitation and deposition in porous media, reversibility of asphaltene precipitation and deposition, asphaltene deposition removal methods, and modeling and simulation of asphaltene by conventional simulators. Since this study is a comprehensive summary of the mentioned topics and contains all the essential information of asphaltene and its precipitation process, it therefore can be used as a reference for further exploration of this specialized field. The probability of asphaltene precipitation and deposition occurring during any EOR techniques and its effects on reservoir performance should be anticipated at earlier stages of any development project. Also it is believed that through a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that lead to deposition in the first place; asphaltenes deposition if cannot be prevented fully may at least be controlled and managed.


The Publication's Purpose . In the article we try to find out the methods and features of the repressive policies of the Polish authorities against the Greek Catholic clergy in 1919. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, systematization, scientificity, objectivity, use of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special-historical (historical-genetic, historical-typological, historical-systemic) methods. The research novelty is that a substantive analysis of the repressive policies features of the Polish authorities against the Greek Catholic clergy during 1919 is done; the reasons for the change in the tactics of Polish government structures in relation to the Greek Catholic clergy since the end of 1919 are clarified. The Conclusions. Thus, the repression of the Polish authorities against the Greek Catholic clergy during the second half of 1919 reached significant proportions. This is explained, first of all, by the expressive state position of the clergymen majority of the WUPR era. Finally, the Polish administration in Galicia failed to completely subordinate the GCC to the interests of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and to create a category loyal and obedient to the state from the Greek Catholic clergy. The methods of repressive policies of the Polish authorities during 1919 underwent a kind of transformation – they were initiated as accidental killings (before the occupation of the region by the Polish army in July 1919) and only as the incorporation of Galician-Ukrainian lands grew into mass arrests and internment; it is this change in methods that determines the peculiarities of repression at this time (1919), compared with the following period (before 1923). In fact, from the end of 1919, Polish governmental structures changed their tactics towards the Greek Catholic clergy. Apparently, the appeals of the Apostolic Nuncio, as well as numerous collective and individual appeals by Greek Catholic hierarchs and Ukrainian public figures, forced the occupying power to end mass repression, and arrests have since been used only in some cases. Since then, confinement (house arrests) of fathers will be more practiced.  At the same time, the thesis that Polish government agencies would arrest priests from the end of 1919 only if they pursued anti-government policies would require a comprehensive review and further study of the government's policies towards the GCC clergy during 1920. Conclusions on the topic would either confirm or refute the above thesis.


This article is about the relation between semantics and syntax. The concepts that have given basis to the work come from the enunciation theory and the dynamic approach of syntax, presenting the syntactic places of subject and object as the specific aim for study. Within this approach, the structural aspects of the language are treated in their relation to the enunciative aspects. The development of the main hypothesis of the work indicated that the constitution and occupation of subject and object syntactic places are defined in the contact between linguistic regularities and the occurrence of the enunciation, in the relation with a field of memory.


Summary An earlier study reported development of a reliable scale for categorizing the content of meaning in one's life. The present study concentrated upon validation of this scale by investigating whether 112 undergraduates would tend to place their own meanings in the same content categories as would an outside rater. A high percentage (75%) of the subjects' ratings did agree with those of the outside rater. Subjects were also asked whether they thought that others knew of their meaning (56% answered affirmatively). A .42 correlation was found between the subjects' rating of their meaning depth and ratings done by an outside rater. Percentage of subjects having no meaning (5%) and the frequency distribution of the meaning categories were similar to the earlier study although the 21% of meanings placed in the Miscellaneous category was much higher.


We derive the weak limit of a linear viscoacoustic model in an acoustic liner that is a chamber connected to a periodic repetition of elongated chambers -- the Helmholtz resonators. As model we consider the time-harmonic and linearized compressible Navier-Stokes equations for the acoustic velocity and pressure. Following the approach in Schmidt et al., J. Math. Ind 8:15, 2018 for the viscoacoustic transmission problem of multiperforated plates the viscosity is scaled as $\delta^{4}$ with the period $\delta$ of the array of chambers and the size of the necks as well as the wall thickness like $\delta^2$ such that the viscous boundary layers are of the order of the size of the necks. Applying the method of two-scale convergence we obtain with a stability assumption in the limit $\delta \to 0$ that the acoustic pressure fulfills the Helmholz equation with impedance boundary conditions. These boundary conditions depend on the frequency, the length of the resonators and through the effective Rayleigh conductivity -- that can be computed numerically -- on the shape of their necks. We compare the limit model to semi-analytical models in the literature.


Today, energy efficiency in production systems has partially been achieved on the component level, but methods are missing for the energy optimal operation of plants, machines and components. We therefore, propose a novel generic method to model the energy consumption behaviour of machines and plants based on a statistical discrete event formulation. It is lean, integrative and scalable and can be used directly in planning processes to make predictions of the energy consumption of different configurations in different scenarios based on any amount of available information. Using the modelling framework, we introduce applications in real-time, tactical and strategic decision making processes that make it possible to exploit the potential for energy consumption minimisation of any given machine or production system while obeying conflicting general conditions.


The meaning of the concepts of investments, social investments, and socially responsible investments has been elucidated in the article. Differentiation of investments by the level of social responsibility has been suggested. Preconditions, which contribute to formation of socially responsible investments, as well as criteria of attributing real investments to this category have been considered. В статье раскрывается содержание понятий инвестиций, социальных инвестиций, социально-ответственных инвестиций. Предлагается разделение инвестиций по уровню социальной ответственности. Рассматриваются предпосылки, способствующие становлению социально-ответственных инвестиций, и критерии отнесения реальных инвестиций к данной категории.


ABSTRACT In this article, we draw on the work of Michel Foucault to analyze one student's subject development in an expository writing classroom. James, the participant, was embarking on the project of becoming a good student, as he understood it, after struggling and leaving school previously. Drawing on interviews, classroom observations and written artifacts, we use Foucauldian concepts and discourse analysis, along with one James Gee's discourse analysis tools – the identities building tool – to conduct a microanalysis of James's efforts to objectify himself as a good student subject. The data show how James acquiesced to the truths and practices of the regime of school, including how he mobilized truths of the regime through a process we call masked confession. That is, he negotiated his good student subject position by masking or silencing other subject positions. James's masked confession was his way of negotiating the realm of 'multiple truths,' or multiple subject positions.


The Journey through the kingdom of Oude has long been among the most sought after of accounts of travel through northern India in the first half of the nineteenth century. The 1852 edition, printed ' in a Parlour Press ' at Lucknow, is hardly ever seen on the shelves or in the catalogues of antiquarian booksellers, while the London edition of 1858 normally commands a relatively stiff price. This is therefore a very welcome addition to the Cambridge series on ' The European Understanding of India'. But one may question the desirability of presenting such an important and scarce text as this in an abridged form, even though there is much to be said for the editor's attempt to re-arrange portions to present an uninterrupted narrative. It is true, as Reeves says, that the portions omitted tend to ' interrupt the flow and purpose of the narrative to an unnecessary extent', but by his own admission they are ' sometimes interesting in themselves ' (p. 2). There will be other readers of this edition besides social and agrarian historians, and the information omitted may be peculiarly relevant to their interests. This reviewer had that fact illustrated to him when he was sitting with the book beside him and it was observed by a distinguished Oriental numismatist. The latter remarked that an anecdote in it (at the end of ch. i, omitted in this edition) had provided him with the explanation of the mystifying silver rupees struck in the name of ' Mahmud, son of the King of the Jinns '. The discussion of instances of children nurtured by wolves, whose omission is mentioned by the editor, is important both to folk-lorists and to Kipling scholars. The price of the volume is already so high as to put it beyond the reach of most private buyers and the additional cost of printing the entire text would probably not have deterred institutional libraries from purchasing: but we should not be ungrateful for this competently edited and handsomely produced abridgement.


Abstract The authors develop a simple analytical framework to study the welfare-maximizing environmental standards when market entry is endogenous and firms can circumvent regulation by bribing corrupt officials. Corruption changes the tradeoff in environmental policy. Corruption leads more polluting firms to enter into the market, which requires tighter environmental regulation. However, corruption also makes trading in some environmental protection for a marginally higher market entry optimal for the government.


Objective:To study the pharmacokinetics of minocycline hydrochloride in 10 Chinese healthy volunteers after a single intravenous administration of 200mg minocycline.Methods:Minocycline hydrochloride concentration in plasma was measured by an improved HPLC method,and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated.Results:After single dose administration of 200 mg minocycline,the main pharmacokinetic parameters t1/2,Cmax,tmax,AUC0→72h,AUC0→∞were(18.1±4.07) h,(4.744±0.887) mg/L,2.0 h,(75.71 ±10.68) mg·h/L,(79.90±12.81) mg·h/L,respectively.Conclusion:The main pharmacokinetic parameters of minocycline are consistent with those reported previously.


The reduction of pure WO3 and Ce/WO3 has been studied by using temperature programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and FESEM analysis. The reduction behavior were examined by non-isothermal reduction up to 900 oC then continued with isothermal reduction at 900 oC for 45 min under (40% v/v) carbon monoxide in nitrogen (CO in N2) atmosphere. The TPR results shows that reduction peak of Ce/WO3 were shifts to lower temperature as compared with to the pure WO3. In addition, TPR results indicate that addition with ceria give better reducibility compared to pure WO3. Based on the characterization of the reduction products after hold 45 min using XRD, pure WO3 were completely converted to WO2 and W metal phases. While, after addition of Ce to the WO3, the reduction was enhanced to W phases and some suboxide W5O14 and W3O5 with no WO2 phase remained and carbide observed. This is associated to the formation of alloy complex Ce2WO6 which gave remarkable effect to the reduction.


With the increasing application of lightweight multi-materials in vehicle body, the SPR (self-piercing riveting)with half-hollow rivet is used to connect hybrid metals due to its simple operation and reliable connection. In this paper, appropriate size parameters of half-hollow rivet and die are selected according to sheets' thickness after the determination of hybrid metal materials, namely FAS2205 dual phase steel, AA2036 aluminum alloy, AA7050 aluminum alloy, AA6061 aluminum alloy and 460E high strength steel. The finite element model of SPR with half-hollow rivets is constructed and the accuracy of which is proved by comparing with the experiment in the relative reference. What's more, the Johnson-Cook constitutive model is taken as material model to simulate the plastic and hardening behaviors during riveting process. The influence on joint quality of the strength matching of rivet/bottom sheet is studied through numerical simulation and direct observation, and the relationship schematic diagram between them is gained. Meanwhile, the riveting joints at several uniform loading velocities are simulated and the quality of which are analyzed. The research results show that the appropriate matching of rivet to the bottom sheet strength is a key prerequisite for joint quality and the punch velocity plays an important role on the riveting joint quality and efficiency of assembly.


In this study, chlorine modeling technique based on fuzzy system is proposed to reduce the carcinogenic substance and decide the optimal chlorine injection rate, which is affected by chlorine evaporation rate in sedimentation basin according to detention time, weather and water quality. The additional chlorine meter is installed in the inlet part of sedimentation to reduce the feedback time and implement cascade control, which leads to maintaining the residual chlorine concentration decided by fuzzy rule. It helps to take a preemptive action about long time delay, the characteristics of the disinfection process, and reduce the variation of residual chlorine rate by 7.3 times and the chlorine consumption by 40,000 dollars. It made a significant contribution to supply hygienically safe drinking water.


In this article, an affordable system to demonstrate some antenna parameters is described. It consists of a transmitter (Tx) based on a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), a receiver (Rx) implemented with radio-frequency (RF) detectors, and a rotary mechanical arrangement based on a stepper motor. A microcontroller (?C) performs the rotation, acquires data, and manages a set of peripherals. The measurements can be observed in real time and sent to a PC. The setup is easy to operate, making it a convenient tool for demonstrations in high schools to attract students to telecommunications.


Many recent studies have pointed out that firms with cash stocks or strong cash flow are financially resilient, enabling them to continue to invest and grow even when they experience economic shocks. In this paper we ask whether Asian firms were resilient to the recent financial crisis. Using firm level data for eight Asian countries from 2001-2009, we explore the relationship between asset growth, investment, and cash flow and find that firms use all available internal funds to channel towards asset growth even during the financial crisis. We conclude that firms in Asia were resilient to the financial crisis because they continued to use internal funds to invest and grow as they had done prior to the crisis.


Nonequilibrium vibrational excitations of para-nitroaniline (PNA, 4-nitroaniline) occurring after internal conversion from the photoexcited charge transfer state are studied by picosecond anti-Stokes Raman scattering. Vibrational excess populations with distinctly different picosecond rise and decay times are found for a number of modes with frequencies between 860 and 1510 cm−1, including the overtone of a non-Raman active mode. A nonthermal distribution of vibrational populations exists up to about 6 ps after photoexcitation. The time-resolved experiments are complemented by steady-state infrared and Raman measurements as well as calculations based on density functional theory, providing a detailed analysis of the steady-state vibrational spectra of PNA and two of its isotopomers. A weakly Raman active vibration at about 1510 cm−1 displays the fastest rise time and a pronounced excess population and—thus—represents the main accepting mode. We suggest that an out-of-plane mode giving rise to the overtone...


More than any other habitat in western North America, arid-land riparian woodlands are centers of high diversity and abundance of birds. Because these habitats are fragmented and limited in distribution, western riparian birds might be particularly vulnerable to human-caused disturbances. During a four-year study, I examined the influences of land-use practices in relation to cottonwood forest-patch dynamics on bird community and vegetative characteristics in southeastern Idaho. Patterns in bird community characteristics of 34 species, relative abundances of individual species and nest guilds, and vegetation structure were compared among three land uses (areas managed for livestock grazing [grazed], areas managed as campgrounds [recreation], and areas not managed for grazing or recreation but for riparian and wildlife habitat values [unmanaged]), and three patch-size classes (small [<l-3 ha], medium [>310 ha], and large [>10-204 ha]). Overall species richness, diversity, evenness, and turnover remained fairly constant among all land uses. On average, species numbers and relative abundance appeared to be most reduced by recreational activities except in large patches managed for recreation. Few differences existed between grazed and unmanaged sites in overall mean number of species or mean number of individuals per survey visit. However, distribution and abundance of individual species, and species grouped by nest layer and nest type, varied significantly among land-use activities and patch sizes. Vegetation structural characteristics within the ground, shrub, and canopy layers were positively correlated with abundance of birds nesting in those layers. Ground-nesting species (Veery and Fox Sparrow) were most susceptible to disturbances created by livestock grazing and were also most sensitive to fragmentation of riparian habitats. Canopy nesters, including cavity-nesting species, responded positively in grazed habitats, while shrub-nesting species tended to decrease with grazing and recreational activities. Significant results of Poisson regression, for 17 of 30 species analyzed, suggested differential effects of land use, patch size, and/or the interaction between the two effects. Relative abundances of 1 1 species decreased with either grazing or recreation, whereas six species increased with these same activities. Five species (Gray Catbird, Veery, Yellow Warbler, Black-headed Grosbeak, and American Goldfinch) were unaffected by patch size in unmanaged areas but showed significant area effects (increases in probability of occurrence with cottonwood forest area) in grazed and/or recreation sites. Results ofmy study suggest that conservation of large patches is particularly important where riparian forests are managed for grazing and recreation. Apparently, some species need larger patches of breeding habitat in areas with these disturbances. In addition to evaluating the effects of local land-use practices on habitat relationships of breeding birds, I examined the importance of landscape patterns to habitat use by birds. Among three spatial scales (landscape, macrohabitat, and microhabitat), landscape features were the most important and frequent predictors of distribution and abundance for most bird species and for predicting high species richness of native avifauna. Thus, surrounding landscape features should be a primary consideration for managing riparian habitats and selecting riparian reserve areas.


In this research, the writer does analyze quality control of bread using attributes P-chart to meet in quality control statistics. The population of this study was all types of bread produced by Roti Sari Wangi as many as eight types of bread with a production capacity of 1,600 packs per day. The sampling technique in this study was a withdrawal of bread type samples based on judgment sampling and random sampling when Roti Sari Wangi produced eight types of bread the writers only took four types of bread products. From the test normality using SPSS, we can conclude that these four kinds of bread are still in the standard limit of a company. However, the total costs for defect of four kinds of bread are IDR 4,302,000. This is the high number for the small company like the writer observed.


In the 21st Century, moral education in higher institutions should start from a new historical point-the current one-sidedness should be overcome for farther development of human civilization, progress, and healthier cultivation of modern personality. To reach this goal, education should be enriched with arts, moral education strengthened and improved, students' moral level and aesthetic awareness raised. In this way, students can be cultivated of sound morality and mind, healthy body and aesthetic judgement.


This study explores the relationships between character strengths and psychological type in a sample of university peer educators. As part of their training, 69 peer educators from the University of KwaZulu-Natal completed both the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS) and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). The administration of these questionnaires was integrated into the peer educator training as a means of enhancing self- and other-awareness, and inducting the participants into their role as peer educators. Significant differences were found between five of the 24 VIA-IS character strengths and three of the four bipolar categories of MBTI type. In particular, when compared with introverts, extraverts reported significantly stronger scores for the character strengths of curiosity and humour, while the character strength of appreciation of beauty and excellence was significantly higher in the MBTI preference of intuition (when compared with sensing). Finally, the character strengths of capacity to love and be loved and gratitude were stronger for those with the MBTI category of feeling (when compared with those in the category thinking). Positioned within the framework of positive psychology and context of peer education in higher education, the implications of these results are considered from strengths and type perspectives.


In this paper, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm, hybrid algorithm of simplex and particle swarm optimization(SM-PSO)is proposed, because particle swarm optimization has weak local searching abilities and can not be applied to solving complex problems with high dimensions. The hybrid algorithm can adopt lesser population, and decrease calculation scale, thus improves local searching abilities and robustness. Proved by classical testing function with 30 dimensions and gear-driven moderator, the algorithm has excellent performance.


One of important challenge issue in the wireless sensor networks is limitation energy in battery of intermediate nodes, so using a suitable routing algorithm can improve this problem. In the wireless sensor network, sink node uses neighbour in order to sending interest message into network. The neighbour nodes around of the sink have important duties. The neighbours of sink all times are using by sink node in order to receiving data, so it will consume more energy from sink node. Moreover, when neighbour nodes of sink go to dead mode, sink node could not propagate its packet. In this paper we have proposed a new algorithm by using mobile sink nodes to prevent energy wasting and also increase network lifetime. The result of simulation showed that life time has increase in an efficient way and has increase about two times in the compare o f OPP algorithm.


To the Editor.— Kudos to Drs Naughton and Kaufman and their coworkers 1,2 for their recent articles on the accuracy of portable cholesterol analyzers. Their findings of significant variations in test results among these devices in public and controlled settings apparently relate to a variety of factors that must be pursued. However, the importance of accuracy in screening programs, which they rightly emphasize, may obscure and have a deleterious impact on cholesterol reduction's most persistent problem—physician inertia. Although several analyzers appear to provide more accurate results than others, the basic problems of patient and operator variability must certainly be taken into account. Somehow, in the rush for a magic "number" it has been forgotten what a "screening program" is. It simply identifies individuals at low to high risk. No diagnosis should ever be made from one blood cholesterol reading. Repeated testing after a single measurement is always appropriate, as


A method is presented to find a selected set of eigenvalues and the respective eigenvectors of the generalised eigenvalue problem Ax = λBx for large, sparse, real or complex, non-Hermitian matrices. Although the method is clearly applicable to other problems, results are given of application to the vectorial finite element analysis of dielectric waveguides.


The identification of central nervous system inflammation etiology leads to adjusted therapy. We analyzed the potential inflammatory and neuro-axonal damage markers in children. Our target was to correlate the findings with a disease's course or a sequalae risk and assess their clinical usefulness. The study included 96 children with symptoms of central nervous system inflammation who underwent diagnostics. The research group involved 24 children with autoimmune disorders and 31 with neuroinfection. The control group included patients with both etiologies excluded. We analyzed the results of routine laboratory tests together with chosen serum (neopterin, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6) and CSF (metalloproteinase [MMP]-9, S100B protein) markers. In the whole cohort, CSF MMP-9 correlated with CSF cytosis and serum IL-6 and CRP. In the undivided neuroinflammatory group, CSF S100B correlated with serum IL-6 and IgM concentrations. CSF cytosis was associated with CSF MMP-9 and serum neopterin levels. Among the infective patients, IL-6 was linked with increased CSF MMP-9. We conclude that astroglial protein S100B, neopterin, and cytokine concentrations may enable predicting long-term consequences, whereas CSF MMP-9 concentration may reflect the actual central nervous system injury regardless of etiology.


We consider the issue of interdisciplinary integration in teaching at Master's Degree Programme of "Economics" and "Management". It explains the important role of foreign languages and culture as the central element of the model of interdisciplinary integration at universities nowadays. It further proves that culture is a key to interdisciplinary integration in language learning of future Master's Degree Student. Currently, a graduate of Master's Degree Programme implies both being able to speak a modern language and use the knowledge of languages in working with up-to-date communication technologies when tackling professional tasks and collaborating with colleagues from other countries. Modern federal state education standard for Economics and Management require that Master's Degree Programmes graduates are competent in the aspect of intercultural communication and know a foreign language at a high level. We suggest a Model of interdisciplinary integration in language teaching at Master's Degree Programme, which includes target, content, organizational-methodic and perfomance-assessment components. This model implements the main language, culture, humane, innovation, environmental, axiological, valeological, acmeological, aesthetic and other orientations; principles integration and differentiation, continuity and consistency of education. The main purpose of interdisciplinary integration in foreing language teaching at Master's Degree Programme is to form a well-founded, culturally full-fledged person able to speak a foreign language and operate modern communication technologies. Implementation of interdisciplinary integration in language teaching at Master's Degree Programme demands coordinated actions of language teachers as well as major disciplines educators.


Abstract The multiphase induction motor can be a highly preferable choice for the EV application, where the reliability and safety of passengers are one of the major concerns. The main objective of this article is to design high performance fault tolerant control of five phase induction motor (FPIM) drive to enhance the dynamic performance under healthy, faulty and fault tolerant modes of operation under arbitrary open phase fault condition. First, a simple method of modeling open phase fault in any phase of the FPIM drive is proposed. The most frequently occurring open phase faults due to the power electronics switch failure in the inverters are considered for the analysis. A generalized method of modeling arbitrary open phase fault in FPIM drive using back EMF calculations in faulty phase is suggested. The developed method utilizes the same transformation matrix for any open phase fault such that the minimum modification in control strategy is required under fault condition. Thereafter, the control technique is detailed. The rotor field oriented control (RFOC) of FPIM with fuzzy logic speed controller is developed to generate optimal torque reference. The design of FLC is detailed with fine-tuned scaling factor, rule base and membership function to obtain robust performance of the drive under healthy and fault tolerant modes of operation. The complete RFOC scheme for 2 HP FPIM drive is built in MATLAB/SIMULINK incorporating fuzzy logic based controller to verify its performance. The comparison of transient and steady state response and robustness (to the load disturbance as well as fault) obtained using developed fuzzy logic based controller with those using conventional PI controller is presented to prove the efficiency of the suggested controller under various speed torque profiles. The effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy based fault tolerant controller for FPIM drive is validated using OP4510 controller based real time HIL simulator.


This paper presented a 76–81 GHz FMCW MIMO Radar transceiver with mixed-mode PLL. Utilizing series-fed patch antenna array, a prototype system is developed based on the proposed transceiver. On-chip Measurements show that reconfigurable sawtooth chirps could be generated with a bandwidth up to 4 GHz and a period as short as 30 ${\mu s}$. Real-time experiments demonstrate that the prototype MIMO radar has the ability of target detection and achieves an angular resolution of 9°


literature for children. After the award, Julian Messner, Inc., will act as publisher and distributor of the prize-winning book. Last year's award went to Alice Rogers Hager for The Canvas Castle to be published this fall. Closing date for receipt of manuscripts is April 15, 1949. For full details and gentry blanks, write to The Julia Ellsworth Ford Foundation Contest, c/o Julian Messner, Inc., 8 West 40th Street, New York 18, N. Y.


Automatic guided vehicle(AGV) is a kind of wheeled mobile robot(WMR),which is used to convey the material in flexible manufacture system(FMS).In order to carry out the task,the functions such as path planning,navigation and positioning must be possessed by the control system of AGV.While considering the specificity of its environment,a new positioning method is proposed for XAUT.AGV100 made by ourselves.It is proved through the theory analysis and experiment that positioning precision is ≤±3 mm,posture precision is ≤±0.5°.It can full meet the meeds of robot's accuracy.


Let R be a semiprime ring and U is an Lie ideal of R such that U ̸⊆ Z(R). A map F : R → R is called a multiplicative generalized derivation if there exists a map d : R → R such that F (xy) = F (x)y+ xd(y), for all x, y ∈ R. In the present paper, we shall prove that d is commuting map on U if any one of the following holds: i) F ([x, y]) = 0, ii) F ([x, y]) = ±[x, y], iii) F ([x, y]) = ±(xoy) = 0, iv) F (xoy) = 0, v) F (xoy) = ±(xoy), vi) F (xoy) = ±[x, y], vii) F ([x, y]) = ±[F (x), y], viii) F (xoy) = ±(F (x)oy), ix) F (xy) ± xy ∈ Z, x) F (xy) ± yx ∈ Z, xi) F (xy)± [x, y] ∈ Z, xii) F (xy)± (xoy) ∈ Z, for all x, y ∈ U.


Public opinion surveys over the past thirty years show that public opinion is split on the issue of global warming. One of the problems with "solicited" opinion polls is that the findings may be selectively interpreted in favour of the political goals of a particular interest group. To gain a better understanding of the general public's unsolicited responses to climate change news, the current study examined Twitter messages containing the words "global warming" spanning 16 months. Using a framework combining a sentiment analysis technique, Hedonometer from the perspective of natural language processing, and Appraisal Theory from a discourse analysis perspective, the study shows that the demonstrated happiness level in tweets containing the words "global warming" is consistently lower than the general level on Twitter, due to increased use of negative words and decreased use of positive words. The Appraisal analysis shows that Appreciation is used most frequently and Affect least.


In the present investigation gelatin nanoparticles have been synthesized and characterized by various techniques like FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, particle size analysis and surface charge measurements. The particles were allowed to swell in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and the influence of various factors like chemical composition of nanoparticles, pH and temperature of the swelling bath was investigated on the water intake capacity of the gelatin nanoparticles. The particles were loaded with insulin and the release kinetics of insulin was studied in PBS medium under different conditions. The effects of percent loading of drug, chemical composition of nanoparticles and pH, temperature of the release medium were examined on the release profiles of the drug and the possible mechanisms of drug transport were investigated. The chemical stability of the loaded drug (insulin) was also assessed especially under highly acidic conditions of artificial gastric juice.


Autonomous underwater vehicles have been found to be particularly useful for gathering data as well as other tasks such as building sub-sea infrastructure. Due to the uncertainty of the environment, and the nonlinear dynamics of the vehicles, controlling them is typically an involved task. Albeit a number of controller designs are possible, and several are available in the literature, it is unclear which designs are better suited for specific vehicles. In this paper, we design classical controllers, linear quadratic regulators and sliding mode controllers for the depth and steering subsystems of the Oceanographic Systems Laboratory's REMUS 100. Based on the performances of these designs, we suggest appropriate controllers for the two subsystems.


The Tokamak Physics Experiment (TPX) requires that certain magnetic field errors, in terms of Fourier components, be in the order of 10/sup -4/ of the field at the major radius. We have studied the field errors introduced from rigid coil displacements for both the toroidal field (TF) and poloidal field (PP) magnets. Fourier decomposition of the field errors was performed on a plasma surface with a D-shaped cross-section. For TF coils, field errors were calculated for all six degrees of freedom in displacements, and for PF coils, three degrees of freedom were considered. Superposition and linearity were verified for small displacements. To obtain the field errors of a whole TF magnet, a statistical approach with Monte-Carlo simulations was taken to combine the field errors from all 16 individual TF coils with each in six degrees of freedom. The simulation results suggested a new approach for allocating the field errors to different subsystems. The results also helped us to identify the major and minor contributors in field errors during the design and manufacturing stages for controlling the tolerances in parts and assembly.


John D. Lea-Cox , George Kantor , Joshua Anhalt , Andrew Ristvey 3 and David S. Ross 4 1 Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA 20742 2 The Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburg PA 15213 3 Wye Research and Education Center University of Maryland, Queenstown, MD USA 21658 4 Department of Environmental Science and Technology University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA 20742 email@example.com


Objective To investigate the clinical significance of the serum C-reactive protein (CRP)in patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) before and after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). Materials and Methods The values of serum CRP were quantitatively determined by immunoephelometry.Th one hundred and twenty-eight patients with large HCC were retrospectively studied. 52 patients with the CRP level 10ng/ml before TACE were served as the CRP-negative group,and 76 patients with the CRP level ≥ 10ng/ml before TACE were served as the CRP-positive group. Results Level of CRP increased after TACE and reached a peak on the 4th day in all patients,and then decreased. On the 8th day the CRP value reached the pre-TACE level. The overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates in the CRP-positive group were significantly lower than the rates in the CRP-negative group. The objective response rate in the CRP-positive group was significantly lower than which in the CRP-negative group after initial TACE. Conclusion The effect of TACE was inverse correlation with the CRP level and the extent of the increasement in the serum CRP after TACE indicates the poor outcome. CRP could be served as a reference to evaluate curative effect and prognosis for patients with large HCC.


This review summarizes the state-of-the-art in the search for room temperature ferromagnetic semiconductors based on transition-metal- and rare-earth-doped nitrides. The major methods of synthesis are reported, together with an overview of the magnetic, structural, electrical and optical characterization of the materials systems, where available. The controversial experimental results concerning the actual value of the apparent Curie temperature in magnetically doped nitrides are highlighted, the inadequacy of standard characterization methods alone and the necessity of a possibly exhaustive structural investigation of the systems are proven and underlined. Furthermore, the dependence on the fabrication parameters of the magnetic ions incorporation into the semiconductor matrix is discussed, with special attention to the fundamental concepts of solubility limit and spinodal decomposition. It is argued that high-temperature ferromagnetic features in magnetically doped nitrides result from the presence of nanoscale regions containing a high concentration of the magnetic constituents. Various functionalities of these multicomponent systems are listed. Moreover, we give an extensive overview on the properties of single magnetic-impurity states in the nitride host. The understanding of this limit is crucial when considering the most recent suggestions for the control of the magnetic ion distribution—and consequently of the magnetic response—through the Fermi level engineering as well as to indicate roads for achieving high-temperature ferromagnetism in the systems containing a uniform distribution of magnetic ions.


Benign transient hyperphosphatasemia (BTH) is a condition characterised by a rapid rise and fall of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) without clinical correlation to the underlying liver or metabolic bone disease. The characteristic features as defined by Kraut et al. include the age of onset in children less than 5 years old; elevation in both bone and liver ALP isoenzymes; no clinical and laboratory evidence of liver or bone disease and ALP levels returning to normal within 4 months. The rise in ALP is usually 4–5 times above the reference range for age but a rise of up to 20 times has also been described. This condition has been reported in association with viral respiratory and gastrointestinal infections and is often an incidental finding during 'routine' blood testing. In a systemic review of 813 cases by Gualco et al., the prevalence of BTH was reported to be 1.1% to 3.5% in infants 2–24 months of age. Although this condition is not uncommon in clinical practice, it is not well known to primary care physicians or general paediatricians. We present two cases of BTH and discuss this condition in light of existing literature, aiming to provide sufficient knowledge to recognise this clinical entity. The ALP activity in both cases was measured on Roche cobas c501 automated chemistry analyser (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) by a colorimetric assay in accordance with a standardised method using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as a substrate. Case Report


Medical informatics is a front interdisciplinary science involving computer science, information science and medicine.It concerns almost all medical fields and has become the foundation of contemporary biomedicine.Circling the goal of establishing a platform of medical informatics education and research, providing a convenient and rapid exchange channel for the medical informatics professionals, this paper introduces the setup of website framework , the design of the front stage and backstage , the content selection and layout of the medical informatics knowledge on the website.


1 The induced resistance of the subarctic mountain birch Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii is a well‐characterized phenomenon, whereas the induced responses of Betula nana L., one of the parental species of mountain birch, have not yet been characterized. Betula nana is more resistant to several classes of insectivorous herbivores than the mountain birch, although the mechanisms responsible for the better ability to resist herbivores are not known. 2 The present study aimed to determine the metabolic changes that are induced by early season herbivory in B. nana leaves and to study the effects of rapidly induced resistance on the growth of Epirrita autumnata larvae. 3 Defoliation of B. nana was accomplished by E. autumnata larvae and leaf samples for chemical analyses were collected when the defoliating larvae were at their third and fifth instar. At the same time, laboratory assays for the growth and consumption rates of E. autumnata larvae were conducted. 4 The wounding of leaves by E. autumna larvae induced the production of ellagitannins (ETs) in B. nana. Intriguingly, the concentrations of protein‐bound amino acids were also induced by herbivory; however, an increase in proteins was not mirrored in the growth rate of larvae, which was less on the induced foliage. The decreased growth rate of larvae was apparently linked to the increased concentrations of oxidatively‐active ETs and the high concentration of ETs may explain the better resistance of this parental species compared with the hybrid mountain birch with its lower levels of ETs.


The two-layer dual-Circular Polarization (CP) reflectarray antenna has been designed in this paper. The upper element structure is based on CP selective surfaces (CPSS) for LCP and the second layer adopts reactively loaded ring slots for RCP. Finally, a 20-cm two-layer reflectarray antenna has been designed and simulated for verification. A good agreement with the corresponding single layer demonstrates that it could operate in dual CP communications with high isolation. The compact structure, low cost and ease of fabrication make this reflectarray more required in space application.


As the title suggests the paper states that there is rather more to pulling ability than the horsepower of the engine. The owner has to seriously consider how efficiently the power will be converted into useful thrust. Methods of achieving this are discussed with some examples in practice.


Provisioning offspring is an important form of parental care for the improvement of offspring survival and growth. Because provisioning can be costly for parents, parents may change their investment levels in response to offspring need and begging signals. Anisolabis maritima is a cosmopolitan species of earwig that shows subsocial behavior. Females progressively provision their young in soil burrows. The present study investigated whether A. maritima mothers carry food to the nest for their offspring (nymphs) and whether the mothers adjust the amount of food carried to the burrow according to the degree of the nymphs' hunger. Through laboratory experiments, I found that mothers carried food to sites where more nymphs were present, and more food to broods of more hungry nymphs. These results have revealed that mothers recognize the presence of offspring and the degree of their hunger. This study, therefore, indicates the presence of offspring begging signals in A. maritima.


A U T H O R Dr. Michael Fredericson is an Associate Professor at Stanford University School of Medicine in Palo Alto, California, USA. A former distance runner himself, he has worked with numerous elite runners as physician for the Stanford University Cross-Country & Track Teams, the Nike Farm Team, Medical Director for the 2002 and 2003 USA National Track & Field Championships, and physician for the 2004 USA Olympic Trials.


Segregation of grits of different sizes was practically eliminated by the insertion of small tangential cylinders (3-inch diameter) extending from top to bottom of the drum while it was being filled.