The protection of multimedia data is becoming very important. The protection can be done with encryption. Involving both encryption and compression side-by-side needs more complex algorithms for content retrieval. Reconstructing the compressed encrypted content without much information loss is important. This work improves the ratio-distortion performance and also embedded message in the source image can be extracted for the source image authentication by using invisible watermarking technique. The message can be embedded into and extracted from the source image using watermarking techniques. The watermarked image is compressed by using quantization method to improve the compression ratio. The compressed image is encrypted and decrypted using modulo-256 addition by adding pseudo-random numbers into the image pixels. The encrypted image is splitted into number of files and in the user side using the auxiliary information (AI), file is merged using file adaptive wrapper method to decrypt the source image. Finally, with the use of verification key the embedded message is extracted and the source image is verified. It is shown that this method improves the ratio-distortion performance in compressing a watermarked image and better quality of reconstructed image. In order to further improve the distortion performance and quality of the reconstructed image other compression methods can be used. Keywords—Image Encryption and decryption, Image Compression, Auxiliary Information (AI) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Image Watermarking __________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________


CURIOUSLY, the original copy of the peace treaty with Germany, which China refused to sign on June 28, I9I9, bore the personal seals of the two ranking Chinese delegates, Lou Tseng-tsiang (Lu Tseng-hsiang) and Chengting Thomas Wang (Wang Cheng-t'ing). How could this have happened? An explanation of this puzzle was furnished by no less an authority than His Excellency Dr. V. K. Wellington Koo, who represented China at the conference.* As is well known, following the conference's judgment in favor of Japan in the matter of the Shantung issue, the Chinese people burst out in protest against the decision in what has since been known as the May 4 Movement. Nonetheless, the Peking government was inclined to accept the verdict of the conference. In the end the delegation was empowered to act as it saw fit. This unenviable authorization drove the five members of the delegation into heated debates, which, however, did not result in agreement. Rumors and speculations arose as to the course of action the Chinese might take, but nobody was sure what the actual outcome would be. It was in this state of uncertainty that the delegation received, a few days before the signing ceremony, a request from M. Dutasta, secretary general of the peace conference, to affix the personal seals of the ranking delegates to the treaty in advance of the formal ceremony, in order to simplify the signing procedure. Complying with the request, the two senior delegates, Lou and Wang, dispatched Yiieh Chao-chii, secretary general of the Chinese delegation, as bearer of their seals.1 This was done without the knowledge of the other three members of the delegation, who learned of it much later.2 The reason for this secretive move was never revealed, but probably it was the fear on the part of the two senior members that its disclosure would further inflame public feeling in China. The affixing of the seals, though in no way indicating official acceptance of the treaty, might have misled "the conference authorities into believing that the Chinese delegation, in urging


This paper considers various fermion pairings of interest for the QCD phases. The effects of an external magnetic field on the pairing mechanisms, on the realization of new condensates, and on the properties of the magnetized phases are all explored and discussed.


Ceramics and self lubricated materials possess excellent friction and wear characteristics.The present work comprehends chinese and international research development of the two coating materials,and introduces the newest development of study and application of usual ceramics,e.g.Al 2O 3,Cr 2O 3,TiO 2 and TiN etc.and ceramics matrix composite coating,specially including graphite and MoS 2 and soft metal (Sn,Pb and Cu) matrix,as well as oxide and fluoride self lubricated coating materials.It is believed that the research of wear resistant coating materials should emphasize the composite application for two above mentioned,i.e. ceramics and self lubricated materials.


The effect of the seasonal cycle on the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the equatorial stratosphere was investigated using a chemistry-climate model (CCM) by fixing the seasonal cycle in CCM simulations. The CCM realistically reproduced the QBO in wind and ozone fields of a 30-month period in a climatological simulation (control run) under annually repeating sea surface temperature (SST) with a seasonal cycle. For the control run, four experimental simulations (perpetual runs) were made by fixing solar declination and SST on the 15th of January, April, July, and October, respectively, for about 20 years. In the three perpetual runs of January, July, and October, the QBO was maintained and persisted throughout the 20-year integration in spite of some small differences in period and amplitude among the three runs. On the other hand, the QBO in the perpetual April run began to weaken after about 15 years and the downward propagation of westerly wind stopped at about 20 hPa, resulting in the QBO's ceasing. The cause of this QBO disappearance is related to the evolution of the background mean flow in the lower stratosphere, which filtered out the parameterized gravity waves propagating upwards farther.


This paper considersthe applicationof the simulated Cox test procedure developed in Pesaran and Pesaran (1993) to test linear versus log-linear models. The test procedure can also be applied to other generalized linear regression models such as level-difference stationary models versus the log-difference stationary models. In order to compare the small sample performanceof the proposed test with other tests extant in the literature, the paper also reports the resultsof a numberof Monte Carlo experiments using the experimental framework of Godfrey et al. (1988). The Monte Carlo results provide strong support for a simplified version of the simulatedCox test over the PE and the BM tests, but suggest that there is little to choose between the simulated Cox test and the DL test.


DEEDS OF LANDS IN SEVERAL COUNTIES—PLACE OF RECORDING—COPY AS EVIDENCE. 1. According to the true construction of the law of Pennsylvania of 1715 [1 Laws Pa. 94], relative to the recording of deeds, the deed should be recorded in the county where the land lies. But if a deed conveys lands lying in different counties, the law does not require that it shall be recorded in each county. It is sufficient if it be recorded in one of the counties, and then the exemplification of it will be evidence as to any of the lands conveyed. And this construction of the law is supported by the practice and tacit approbation of the bench and bar as clearly proved to the court. [Cited in Beals v. Hale, 4 How. (45 U. S.) 54.] 2. Until the act of [March 18] 1775 [1 Laws Pa. 424] there was no absolute necessity to record deeds at all, except mortgages; and this law was passed for the protection of creditors and subsequent purchasers. 3. The provisions of the act of 1715, were merely intended for the preservation and safe keeping of deeds. 4. Quere, whether if, against subsequent purchasers, without notice, the exemplification of a deed for lands in more than one county, and which had not been recorded in the county where the lands were situated, would be evidence. This case came on, upon a point reserved at the last court, whether the exemplification of the deed, from Allen to Delancey, executed in 1771, proved before a justice of the supreme court in 1772, and recorded in the county of Philadelphia in 1773, could be offered in evidence. [See Case No. 3,749.] Myers Fisher, Esq., was examined; who proved, that he had been, for many years before the revolutionary war, a practitioner at the bar; had since acted as a scrivener and counsel; and that it was always common, where deeds contained lands in Philadelphia county, and in other parts of the state, to record them in Philadelphia county; and that the exemplification of them, was always considered and read as evidence, on trials for lands in other counties. That it was always considered as good evidence, and admitted without objection. That he never knew or heard a doubt suggested upon the subject. Mr. Lewis, an old practitioner, produced many deeds of this sort, recorded in the same way; and mentioned from his briefs a great variety of cases, where exemplifications, similar to the present, were read in evidence, without objection. Judge Peters fully confirmed this practice; and they all concurred in stating, that, to their knowledge, the propriety of admitting such evidence had never been questioned. They all concurred likewise in stating, that these deeds were sometimes proved before a justice of the supreme court, and sometimes before a justice of the common pleas; and either was considered equally valid. In a suit Case No. 3,750. YesWeScan: The FEDERAL CASES


Conclusive evidence indicates that osteopenia occurs due to a lack of physical activity in the skeleton such as in microgravity and long-term bed rest. Early diagnosis of these skeletal disorders (i.e., osteoporosis), leads to prompt treatment and could dramatically reduce the risk of complications. Using our newly developed scanning confocal acoustic diagnostic (SCAD) system, we evaluated the ability of quantitative ultrasound to non-invasively predict trabecular bone quantity and quality on 63 sheep bone samples. The structural and strength of bone were confirmed using /spl mu/CT and mechanical testing in three orthogonal directions. While there are fair correlations between broadband ultrasonic attenuation and /spl mu/CT determined parameters such as bone volume fraction (BV/TV) (R=0.68), as well as tissue bulk modulus (R=0.31), strong correlations exist between ultrasound velocity and bone strength and structural parameters such as bulk modulus (R=0.82), and BV/TV (R=0.93). The correlations between SCAD prediction and bone quantity and quality parameters were improved by using a parameter to combine BUA and UV in a linear regression analysis, yielding R=0.96 (BV/TV) and R=0.82 (bulk modulus). These results suggest that SCAD has the capability to non-invasively assess bone mass and strength.


Federal, State, and local decision makers and public health officials must prepare and exercise complex plans to contend with a variety of possible mass casualty events, such as pandemic influenza. Through the provision of quick look tools (QLTs) focused on mass casualty events, such planning can be done with higher accuracy and more realism through the combination of interactive simulation and visualization in these tools. If an event happens, the QLTs can then be employed to rapidly assess and execute alternative mitigation strategies, and thereby minimize casualties. This can be achieved by conducting numerous 'what-if' assessments prior to any event in order to assess potential health impacts (e.g., number of sick individuals), required community resources (e.g., vaccinations and hospital beds), and optimal mitigative decision strategies (e.g., school closures) during the course of a pandemic. In this presentation, we overview and demonstrate a pandemic influenza QLT, discuss some of the modeling methods and construct and visual analytic components and interface, and outline additional development concepts. These include the incorporation of a user selectable infectious disease palette, simultaneous visualization of decision alternatives, additional resource elements associated with emergency response (e.g., first responders and medical professionals), and provisions for other potential disaster events.


A system and method to assist a singer or other user. An audio source is processed to extract the lead vocals from the audio signal. This vocal signal is fed to a pitch detection processor which estimates the pitch at each moment in time. A user singing into a microphone provides a user vocal signal that is also pitch detected. The pitch of the lead vocal signal and the user vocal signal are compared and any difference is provided to a pitch shifting module, which then can correct the pitch of the user vocal signal. The corrected user vocal signal may be combined with a background signal comprising a signal from the audio source without the lead vocal signal, and then provided to headphones or loudspeakers to the user and/or an audience. This system and method may be used for Karaoke performances.


The excavating and updating of maximum frequent itemsets are the important aspects of data mining. The importance of each data item is not completely the same, and the items are not evenly distributed. This article proposed an effective mining algorithm of weighted frequent itemsets, WHIUA (Weighted Hash Incremental Updating Algorithm), which is based on the hash table data structure, to deal with the problem that database and minimum support are both changed. Analysis and experiments show that this algorithm can effectively increases the excavating and updating efficiency of maximum frequent itemsets.


A backface culling technique for clusters of polygons, as well as a method for generating efficient clusters from a set of triangle strips. The cluster backface test is directly derived from the traditional single-polygon test, and has about the same complexity. Memory requirements are 40 bytes per test. The cluster backface tests may be arranged hierarchically, with frontface tests added for symmetry. Experiments show graphics performance improvements of up to 50% in terms of number of effective polygons rendered per second.


The present study investigation the effect of a project approach program on children's cognitive styles. It examined closely the characteristics and processes of the project approach program to determine its impact on children's individual cognitive styles such as divergent thinking, field independence, and reflection. The subjects were 384-year-old children. Eighteen children were assigned to the experimental group and twenty to the control group. Pretest-treatment-posttest design was adopted for this study. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS Win 10.0 and processed statistically using average, standard deviation, and ANCOVA. For the children's divergent thinking, the children with the project approach program showed significant difference in fluency and flexibility, but no difference in originality and elaboration, compared to the children in the control group. Children with the project approach program showed more field independence than those in the control group. Children with the project approach program showed no difference in reflection. These results showed that the project approach pro!3ram partly influenced the children's cognitive styles.


The fatty acid composition of the lipid of yellowfin tuna (nunnus athacares) caught in two different localities, Phi]ippine Sea (a trop;cal zone) and the Pacific coast area of Japan (a temperate zone) is described. The tota] lipids of yariolls organs (dorsat ordinary muscle, yentral ordinary muscte, dark musc]e, ]iver, heart, pyloric cecum, and orbital region) and of the stomach contents were extracted, and the fatty acid comosition was ana]yzed by gas-]iquid chrematography (GLC). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) was the major unsaturated fatty acid in the lipid of all organs in the specimens examined from both loca]ities, the mean DHA content accounting for more than 25Y, {mean±S.D. of 26.9±5.7'%) of the tota] fatty acids. This yalue is marked1)' different from the fatty acid profile of other fish species, because, in general, the fatty acid composition of other species is variable and the DHA content is less than 20`X, of tota] fattv acids. Although the mean DHA content of the t6tal fatty acids in the lipid of yellowtin tuna caught in the tropical and temperate zones was marked]y higher than that in other fish species, there was a smal] diflbrence between that in the northern samples (temperate waters, 30.5± 6.1`X,) and the southern samples (tropical waters, 25.9±5.2'M]). It is suggested that this difference ma)' be due to environmenta] effects, e.g., the fatty acid composition of the lipids of prey organisms, because there is also a small difference between the mean DHA content of northern prey fish (22.7 ±6.1'ZF) and that ef southern prey fish (19.2 ±4.0'Zb).


This book traces the evolution of the rural, Lao-speaking people of northeastern Thailand, now over a third of the nation's population, from a traditional peasantry into "cosmopolitan" villagers who are actively shaping Thai politics. The electoral successes of the Thai Rak Thai/Pheu Thai Party in the early twenty-first century and the strong support given to the Red-Shirt movement appear to have finally given the cosmopolitan villagers of northeastern Thailand a continuing voice in the nation's political process.


FREE EXPRESSION, RELIGION, AND ARBITRARY DETENTIONS National laws and practices continue to severely restrict fundamental freedoms, especially the right to freedoms of expression and religion. Journalists, social media activists, human rights defenders, and religious practitioners continue to be harassed, detained, and sentenced to harsh prison terms for criticizing the government or their expressing options and beliefs. HUMAN RIGHTS IN IRAN


The present paper describes the work carried out at SITAEL in the last year and a half to bring the HT100 thruster unit to full ground qualification. HT100 is SITAEL most advanced Hall Effect Thruster and it already secured the opportunity of an extended InOrbit Validation in the framework of HETSat mission, on a platform also designed, manufactured and assembled by SITAEL. The thruster, tested both with xenon and krypton and operating at power levels that can be as low as 100W, is a cornerstone for future small satellites missions that will require a significant total DV and have tight constraints on maximum propellant mass. HT100 has been developed in parallel with a dedicated feeding system and power processing and control units, which have also been extensively tested both in standalone mode and coupled with the thruster unit. The qualification test campaigns can be broadly divided in three main segments: thruster performance verification, coupling tests with the other relevant subsystems and environmental tests. Following the completion of each one of these phases, SITAEL is now in the process of assembling a proto-flight model for the whole propulsion system and go through the final acceptance tests within the end of the year.


Governments often subsidize poorer groups in society to ensure their access to new drugs. We analyze here the optimal income-based price subsidies in a strategic environment. We show that asymmetric health systems can arise even though countries are ex-ante symmetric when international price discrimination is possible. Universal access is less likely to arise without price discrimination but also health policy coordination becomes more important. This is due to the multiple equilibria which make the attainment of universal coverage within a given income range ambiguous. We also show that an increase in intra-country inequality does not always lead to less likely universal coverage when international price discrimination is possible.


In this paper we propose a solution as support for quality systems for production software. The motivation behind this study was to reduce that cost in the production area caused by gaps in the quality of the production software. Our proposal: QSPS (Quality System for Production Software) is offering support in the "vulnerable points" of these quality systems which usually generate nonconformities and have proved to be difficult or impossible to control. QSPS is a method in seven steps or modules that integrates also software tools, templates, checklists, evaluating tools elaborated complying to products, process and system quality standards. If other analyzed methods like: Scrum, XP, Fuzzy, Prompt, PTA, PRINCE2 or norms like: ISO 9001, ISO 9000-3, TickIT, CMM and CMMI, AQAP-110/AQAP-150, IEEE 730/983 are working in a reactive way, after the developing phase was finished, QSPS is an active system, helping the software developer from the beginning of the implementation phase to improve the developing methodology and to fulfill the quality requirements. QSPS model was applied in one of the largest European automotive company, the result being finalized in a practical approach of the QSPS, named QSMA − Quality System for Manufacturing Application. Using the QSMA (Quality System for the manufacturing application) for industrial projects and not only therefore, has led to accurate running of the production line from beginning of the SOP (Start of Production). Once this system was implemented and the production software applications were realized under the principles and rules of the QSMA, we defined strategically measurable KPIs (key performance indicators) out of the seven modules of the QSMA. This KPIs have the role to signal every time a production application has not the desired quality level and presents a high level of risk that could cause additional costs in the production. Based on the KPIs evolution, the weaknesses in the software applications can be identified in real time, so that the developer can react immediately, before occurrence of substantial damage.


There is a need for a proper indicator in order to assess the environmental impact of international trade, therefore using the carbon footprint as an indicator can be relevant and useful. The aim of this study is to show from a methodological perspective how the carbon footprint, combined with input- output models can be used for analysing the impacts of international trade on the sustainable use of national resources in a country. The use of the input-output approach has the essential advantage of being able to track the transformation of goods through the economy. The study examines the environmental impact of consumption related to international trade, using the consumer responsibility principle. In this study the use of the carbon footprint and input-output methodology is shown on the example of the Hungarian consumption and the impact of international trade. Moving from a production- based approach in climate policy to a consumption-perspective principle and allocation, would also help to increase the efficiency of emission reduction targets and the evaluation of the ecological impacts of international trade.


- Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is an attractive solution for myriads of communication applications. The deployment of WSNs in restricted areas where battery replacement or recharging is difficult, demands that energy be sparingly utilized. In this study, a model of energy-efficient Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for monitoring Aircraft Runway was developed to prolong the lifespan of the deployed network using a non-hierarchy and hierarchy based cluster configurations for two sampled Runways (R/W). A routing protocol which involved hierarchical data transfer along any shortest path to the Base Station (BS) was developed. The approach promotes rotation of Cluster Head (CH) during every transmission round based on residual energy of nodes and proximity to Base Station. Simulations were carried out for 5000 transmission rounds in MATLAB environment for the non-hierarchical and other levels of hierarchy; six clusters and eighteen clusters. Results of simulation revealed the lifespan of the networks as: 3375 and 3750 rounds for the non-hierarchical configurations, 3912 and 4660 rounds for six clusters hierarchical configurations, while in the eighteen clusters hierarchical configurations the network lasted for 4434 and above the estimated 5000 rounds. Thus, the best solution in terms of network lifespan of the proposed model was obtainable in the highest possible cluster formed.


This paper reports one aspect of an ongoing ARC Linkage project examining Australian advocacy in the age of compacts. In particular, we examine the effect of funding contracts on the capacity of organizations to effectively advocate. The relationship is not simple or obvious, with some organizations reporting "mature relationships" with particular (state) departments, and others reporting difficulty with state or federal government jurisdictions. The paper spells out the negative effects of conflating service funding and advocacy. The paper concludes by exploring alternative institutional arrangements for the resourcing of advocacy including the establishment of a Public Interest Fund administered independently of any government department, one not requiring specific service contracts but rather evidence that it is indeed advocating for the broader public good.


The Internet of Things (IoT) is a novel paradigm that consists of a wide network of machines and intelligent devices with the capability of communication and interaction with each other. One of the significant issues for the IoT is its healthcare applications. The positioning systems based on their environment can be classified into two main categories: Indoor and outdoor. Recently, IoT indoor positioning attracts too much attention among researchers for patient monitoring. Hence, in this paper, a stress‐free floor plan indoor positioning algorithm for patient monitoring is proposed, called THIP. The history of the patient's movement is stored in a trajectory history, and this information is employed to estimate the patient's more accurate position. The proposed THIP algorithm is simulated in MATLAB software. Several experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed THIP algorithm raises patient positioning accuracy and declines the distance error cumulative compared to LiFS by about 4.68% and 60.6 m, respectively. Moreover, it can identify the floor level of the moving user.


The article presents two approaches for computing the number of functional units in a hardware/software codesign context. The proposed hardware/software codesign framework uses the Petri net as a common formalism for performing quantitative and qualitative analysis. The use of the Petri net as an intermediate format allows us to analyze properties of the specification and formally compute performance indices which are used in the partitioning process. The paper is devoted to describing the algorithms for functional unit estimation. The work also proposes a method of extending the Petri net model in order to take into account causal constraints provided by the designers. However, an overview of the general hardware/software codesign method is also presented.


In this paper,a new catalytic distillation process of methanal hydration reaction catalyzed by ion exchange resin as a model reaction was studied.The catalyst is fine particles of about 4μm in diameter and forms slurry with feed.Then it is fed into a packed distillation column reactor.The effects of catalyst concentration,reaction temperature and pressure,feed concentration were experimentally investigated.The results indicate that the new process may operate steadily and methanal conversion was up to 99.7% in experimental condition.


The invention discloses a lithium ion battery electrolyte and a lithium ion battery containing same, relating to the battery field. Through using the lithium-ion battery electrolyte disclosed by the invention, the acidity of the electrolyte can be effectively controlled, and further the cycle performance and the high-temperature storage performance can be obviously improved. The lithium-ion battery electrolyte disclosed by the invention comprises lithium salt, non-aqueous organic solvent and stabilizing additive, wherein the stabilizing additive is silazane derivative, and the structure of the silazane is shown in the specification, wherein any one of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 is selected from hydrogen atom, alkyl group, phenyl group, biphenylyl group, phenylate group, haloalkyl group, halogeno benzene group and halogenated biphenyl group, the alkyl group is the linear chain alkyl or the branch chain alkyl of C1-C20, and the halogen is F, Br, Cl, I.


Formation, crystal chemistry, and physical properties were investigated for the solid-solution Ba{sub 8}Pt{sub x}Ge{sub 46-x-y}{open_square}{sub y} ({open_square} is a vacancy) deriving from binary clathrate Ba{sub 8}Ge{sub 43}{open_square}{sub 3} with a solubility limit of {approx}3.5 Pt atoms/f.u. at T=800 deg. C. Structural investigations throughout the homogeneity region confirm isotypism with the cubic primitive clathrate type-I structure (space group type Pm3n) and lattice parameters ranging from a=1.0657(2) nm for Ba{sub 8}Ge{sub 43}{open_square}{sub 3} to a=1.0752(2) nm for Ba{sub 8}Pt{sub 3.5}Ge{sub 41.5}{open_square}{sub 1.0}. Phase relations for the region concerning the clathrate solution were derived at subsolidus temperatures as well as at 800 deg. C. Transport properties evidence electrons as the majority charge carriers in the system with a slight dependency on the Pt content. The system is located close to a semiconducting regime with a gap in the electronic density of states of a few thousand K. No low temperature maximum is obvious from thermal conductivity which is dominated by the lattice contribution. Thermal conductivity furthermore documents a high efficiency of phonon scattering on vacancies.


The level of functional literacy is important for a successful and functional life of an individual. It depends on the level of functional literacy how a person can cope with different situations which require the proper use of a written text. Some people find it very difficult to understand certain written texts; the others have troubles with arithmetic operations or filling in the forms and charts. Therefore it is necessary to be aware of one's deficiency and if you are willing to take remedial action you are halfway towards success.
The research has proved that most of the interviewees are not aware of literacy deficiency and they have no need to do something about it or just improve their knowledge.


The present study explores cases of the use of the Japanese expression te iu ka in the sentence-final position in internet blogs and discussion boards. The analysis shows that there are two types of sentence-final te iu ka: one used for adding supplementary information and the other for mitigating the preceding statement. The present study also discusses processes through which te iu ka is placed in the sentence-final position. When sentence-final te iu ka is used to add supplementary information, the placement of te iu ka in the sentence-final position is caused by right dislocation. When sentence-final te iu ka is used for mitigation, it is caused by the omission of the B component in A te iu ka B. The present study contributes to the existing literature by offering the notion of two different formation processes of sentence-final te iu ka, which also affect its pragmatic functions.


Water is a "sin qua non" for virtually all human activities; a pre-requisite for sustainable development as the consequences of safe water for health, productivity and quality of life as well as implications for economic development are enormous. This study investigated the sources of water supply and challenges faced by inhabitants in accessing these water sources in three districts each of urban and rural Zaria, Nigeria, and compared the results. Descriptive statistics and average mean score (AMS) technique was applied, and requisite data presented in frequency and percentage tables. The results revealed that the urban dwellers had to travel longer distances, than the rural dwellers, to source water and that the sources of water supply varied with the season. Whilst the urban areas accessed wells and water vendors in the wet and dry seasons, respectively, for non-domestic water supply and water vendors for domestic water supply; all year round, residents of the rural areas sourced non-domestic water supply from rainfall in the rainy season and streams in the dry season. Conversely, wells and water vendors were accessed in the wet and dry seasons, respectively, for rural domestic water supply. The corollary is that water vendors and wells are the predominant sources of water in Zaria, Nigeria. The methods of water purification employed by the communities sampled and their challenges to safe and adequate water supply are discussed; and plausible solutions are proffered. In addition, some recommendations to mitigate poor access to water are also volunteered.


s a 2-year-old boy who had undergone insertion of a (PELOD) score, a scoring system that enables measurement of the degree of MOF in pediatric patients. PELOD score was 42 points, corresponding to his predicted death rate of 99.1%. Two courses of PMX-DHP were therefore carried out 12 h and 36 h after the onset of septic shock. Immediately after the first PMX-DHP, the patient had significant improvement in skin color, hypotension, and urine output. PELOD score improved to 11 points, corresponding to the predicted death rate of 1.3%, 24 h after PMX-DHP initiation (Fig. 1). Hemodynamic stability was achieved Hickman® central venous catheter for chemotherapy against neuroblastoma stage IV. He was admitted to the pediatric general without vasopressors 48 h after PMX-DHP initiation; the patient survivedwithout any short-term neurological or respiratory sequelae. ward, where he developed a fever. Treatment with antibiotics (120mg/kg meropenem hydrate) was started after specimen collection. The patient unfortunately developed shock, with a very low Glasgow coma scale score (4/15). On physical examination body temperature was 38.0°C, blood pressure was 60/20 mmHg, heart rate was 180 beats/min, and respiratory rate was 32 breaths/min. Rapid crystalloid infusion (20 mL/kg × 2) with vasopressors was commenced. Suspecting catheter-related infection, the catheter was removed under general anesthetic, but the patient's general condition deteriorated with time. Laboratory findings were as follows: white blood cell count, 34200/μL; platelets, 6.3 × 10/μL; serum C-reactive protein, 6.7 mg/dL; venous blood gas analysis: pH, 7.334; PCO2, 46.3 mmHg; HCO3 , 23.8 mEq/L; base excess, 1.8 mEq/L; prothrombin time– international normalized ratio, 2.82; activated partial thromboplastin time, >200 s; fibrinogen, 148 mg/dL; D-dimer, 72.4 μg/mL; serum aspartate aminotransferase, 254 IU/L; serum alanine aminotransferase, 192 IU/L; serum lactate dehydrogenase, 618 IU/L; and serum creatinine, 1.80 mg/dL. Escherichia coli with high sensitivity to penicillin and cephalosporin were detected on blood and catheter culture. Serum endotoxin was within the normal range (0.8 pg/mL; normal, <9.8 pg/mL) and serum anti-lipopolysaccharide (anti-LPS) antibody was negative. The inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 were elevated to 72.8 pg/mL and 82200 pg/mL, respectively. Severity of MOF was evaluated using the pediatric logistic organ dysfunction


The development of detachment instability in active media of electric-discharge non-chain HF(DF) lasers due to the electron-impact detachment of electrons from negative ions is considered. This instability is initiated in large volumes of SF6-based gas mixtures, spatially separated from electrodes and heated by a pulsed CO2 laser. The self-organisation of self-sustained volume discharge upon laser heating, which results in the formation of quasi-periodic plasma structures within the discharge gap, is experimentally investigated. The evolution of these structures, depending on the gas temperature and specific deposition of electric energy, is analysed. The possible relationship between the self-organisation and detachment instability is discussed. A mechanism of development of single plasma channels in the working media of HF(DF) lasers, based on electron-impact destruction of negative ions is proposed.


We propose an approach to obtian the analytical solution for a new kind of potential constructed by some pieces of solvable potential if their general solution could be obtainde.We exactly solved two kinds of potentials constructed by this method,one is a double-well potential and adother is a periodic one,both of them are smoothly joined by pieces of quadratic potential curves.


The relations between raising quality of cokes and developing BF production are discussed.Meanwhile,Ways and measurement of improving cokes quality are put forward.


As a durable and renewable fuel, hydrogen has attracted a huge amount of global interest in its production via different routes. Among these methods, the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is one of the most promising ways for low-cost hydrogen production in the future. In this work, a simple redox hydrothermal method has been developed to fabricate a noble-metal-free MoO2/rGO composite for a highly efficient HER. GO nanosheets provide oxygen-containing functional groups for precursor attachment, and restrict growth of MoO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with a small size due to the space confinement effect among GO layers as well. Benefitting from a synergistic effect between metallic MoO2 NPs and graphene, the obtained MoO2/rGO composite exhibits excellent HER activity with a small onset overpotential of 190 mV, a large cathodic current density, and a small Tafel slope of 49 mV per decade, while MoO2 NPs or rGO itself is not a very efficient HER catalyst. Additionally, the MoO2/rGO composite displays good stability after 1000 potential cycles under both acidic and alkaline conditions. Dramatically improved HER activity and excellent stability are attributed to small size, more active sites, high conductivity and a synergistic effect of MoO2 NPs and graphene. The development of the MoO2/rGO composite as an enhanced active HER catalyst broadens the members of Mo-based HER catalysts and provides an insight into the design and synthesis of other noble-metal-free materials for the cost-effective and environmentally friendly catalyst in electrochemical hydrogen production.


A new intelligent general assembly for use within the HOLISHIP project requires a method for estimating the weight and center of gravity of a completed ship design, without needing to completely define the entire ship. A method was formulated and implemented that exploited the linearity of weighted vectors, object composition, and a proposed relation between actual ship construction and a virtual solid ship shape. The FlexiWeight Tool designed by CADMATIC is studied and extended to provide these estimations. Preliminary results indicate accurate estimations of incomplete ships; however, further testing will be conducted externally.


An introduction to searching chemistry resources Search tool to explore the Chemical Abstracts databases containing literature from many chemistry related scientific disciplines.


Microbiological methods used to evaluate fermentation characteristics of strains of Leuconostoc oenos were compared since previous research indicated that fewer carbohydrates were fermented by L. oenos using the API system than determined by conventional test tube methods. Using commercially available strains (ML-34, PSU-1, OENO, and MCW), the API system was modified by decreasing the pH of the inoculating medium from pH 7 to 5.2, overlaying cupules with sterile mineral oil, and increasing the incubation period to 28 days. These changes resulted in fermentation patterns similar to those determined by the test tube method.


The centralized Rio Seco Industrial Park (RSIP) tannery collective in the Southern Peruvian city of Arequipa releases untreated tannery wastewater into a proximal creek that is a tributary of the Chili River. As industrial leather tanning wastewater contains high concentrations of metal(loid)s, salts, dyes, and organics, this complex mixture could exert a myriad of toxicological effects on the surrounding ecosystem. The RSIP effluent was analyzed to quantify the acute ecotoxicity and ecotoxicological status of this untreated industrial wastewater at multiple trophic levels with the following bioindicators: the floating macrophyte Lemna minor, invertebrates Daphnia magna and Physa venustula, and the amphibian Xenopus laevis. A physicochemical characterization of the RSIP effluent revealed a highly contaminated waste stream. In addition to chromium (10.4 ± 0.4 mg/L) and other toxic metals, the water harbored extremely high concentrations of total dissolved solids (67,770 ± 15,600 mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (1530 ± 290 mg/L) and total nitrogen (490 ± 10 mg/L). The toxicological responses of certain bioindicator species tested were evaluated after exposure to 0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5% untreated tannery wastewater blended with dechlorinated tap water. L. minor experienced a significant decrease in the number of fronds, wet weight, and dry weight at the lowest blended wastewater of 1.5%. Bioassays with D. magna showed the effect on neonatal mortality with a calculated LC50 of 1.1% for 48 h. Bioassays with P. venustula embryos showed high sensitivity to diluted effluent with complete mortality at 3.0% wastewater and above. Finally, X. laevis showed a high sensitivity to the dilutions with an LC50 of 1.6 for embryos and 1.8% for tadpoles. Although RSIP wastewater contains many potentially toxic components, chromium and total dissolved solids, with a major contribution from sodium, are best correlated with acute toxicity variables. This suggests that conductivity or analogous measurements could provide a rapid and affordable forensic tool to query acute ecosystem pressures. Collectively, the results indicate that the release of untreated tannery wastewater from RSIP can exert pronounced acute impacts across trophic levels with the need for treatment or dilution to below 1% of total flow. As the assays addressed acute toxicity, the necessary treatment and/or dilution to mitigate chronic effects is likely much lower. In conclusion, untreated RSIP tannery wastewaters represent an ecological risk to downstream aquatic ecosystems; this needs to be addressed to prevent current and future environmental consequences.


This entry surveys the characteristics, stages, and lines of development of modern psychology as an empirical psychology in Germany during the 19th and 20th centuries. These developments occurred in the context of very different political periods in German history, during a time span extending from the period of the Restoration after the Vienna Congress of 1814/15 to the present-day "Berlin Republic". At the centre lies the question of continuities and discontinuities in the evolution of psychology during the profound sociocultural changes that marked the politically heterogeneous developmental phases of German history. The stages are indicated by headings treating the development of psychology during the period of Restoration after 1814/15, in the German Empire (1871–1918), in the Weimar Republic (1919–1933), during the time of National Socialism (1933–45), in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, 1949–1990), in the German Democratic Republic (GDR, 1949–1990), and in united Germany after 1990. The result...


This thesis concern with the study of expectations, hopes, and disappointments of a mother toward her daughter in Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club. The discussion is about the understanding of the mother's background of life which brings her such expectations and hopes. Further, this thesis discusses the turning of the mother's expectations and hopes into disappointments through the conflicts between her daughter and herself. This thesis also discusses how they overcome the disappointments. Suyuan, as the mother, had a bad experience in China in a War Time. She had to abandon her twins girl babies because she thought that she would die soon. In fact, she was saved and brought to the United States. She called her new country, America, as the land of hopes. There fore, the pushes June: her other daughter in America, to do as her expectations and hopes. However, June failed and her failure brings disappointments to Suvuan. After being told by her father and her aunties in The Joy Luck Club, June knows t:hat the twin sisters and she are the 'Long Cherishes Wish' of Suyuan. Finally, June can feel more closer to Suyuan even though Suyuan had died.


The present invention belongs to the technical field of nano organic-inorganic hybrid material, method for making a cube-type eight-methacryloyloxy silsesquioxane crystalline. Preparing cubic eight methacryloyloxy silsesquioxane crystals, comprising the steps of: preparing (1) γ- hydrolysates methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane of: a [gamma] Methyl acryloxy propyl trimethoxy silane, polar solution, mixed catalyst A, with magnetic stirring, the solvent was removed, washed to neutral, water removal, the filter; (2) γ- methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane product was prepared by hydrolysis of the condensation product: the step (1) was dissolved in a solution of catalyst B, a nitrogen atmosphere, is washed until neutral, dried, filtered, and the toluene; (3) cubic eight methacryloyloxy preparation of crystalline silsesquioxane: step (2) was added the product nuclei, precipitated crystals were separated to obtain eight cubic methacryloyloxy silsesquioxane crystalline.


We investigated seasonal variation of sediment-water oxygen and inorganic nitrogen fluxes, and denitrification at tidal flat sediments located in the Nakdong River Estuary from July 2005 to September 2006. Net oxygen fluxes, measured with sediment incubations at in situ temperature, varied from -37.0 to . Oxygen fluxes into the sediments from the overlying water increased due to the increased water temperature. Denitrification rate () in this study was higher compared to the other Korean coast measured with the same method. Denitrification showed the same seasonal variation as oxygen fluxes. Denitrification rate based on -nitrate showed a strong correlation with nitrate flux into the sediments from the overlying water. Denitrification via "water column supplied nitrate ()", calculated from Isotope pairing technique, also correlated well with nitrate flux into the sediments. Nitrate from water column seems to account for seasonal variation of denitrification in Nakdong River Estuary. To understand general patterns and trends of biogeochemical processes of sediments in the Nakdong River Estuary, we categorized biogeochemical fluxes measured in this study according to direction and sizes of fluxes. Type 1(high oxygen and inorganic nitrogen fluxes into the sediments and high denitrification) occurred in summer, whereas Type 2(low oxygen and inorganic nitrogen fluxes into the sediments and low denitrification) occurred in rest of the season. Intertidal flat sediments seem to react sensitively to influence of freshwater from the Nakdong River.


o The NASA SPoRT Center maintains a suite of land surface modeling and remote sensing products designed to facilitate enhanced situational awareness in the areas of drought, flood, and wildfire monitoring. o These products are created and disseminated in real time to national and international operational and research stakeholders such as NOAA/NWS, USGS, FEMA, NASA SERVIR, etc. o This poster provides a high-level description of these land surface products, along with impactful examples shown below.


It isgenerally agreed that the S phase is radioresistant because of its deficiency of molecularoxygen. This conclusion is based on the oxygenenhancement ratio (OER) and not by measur-ing the actual molecular oxygen content in eachphase of the cell cycle (Table 1).The OER is calculated by radiation dosedelivered under hypoxic and under aeratedcondition to achieve the same biological endpoint. The OER at high doses yield a valuebetween 2?3 and 3?5 for X-rays and g rays.We abstracted the data from the literature. It isinteresting to note in Figure 1, as the cell ages,water proton NMR Spin Lattice relaxation time(T


In spite of the "total force" policy, Army reserve forces are fraught with ironies, contradictions, and paradoxes and continue to be at odds with the regular Army. And yet, reserve forces perform a variety of essential military roles both nationally and locally, the most important of which is serving as the popular face of the Army. It seems clear that the reserves will play a more significant role in the post-cold war era. Over the next decade military reformers will force the Army to rely more heavily on reservists in a newly redesigned total force. Thus the question is not whether changes in the Army's reliance on reserve forces will be imposed by outsiders, but whether these changes will occur with or without the Army's active support. In the 1990s the Congress is also likely to increase the relative status of Army reserve components. Indeed, reserve forces may become the great pork barrel in American politics during the 1990s.


In this paper, poly(ethylene disulfide) (PEDS) and carbon fiber (CF) composites were synthesized using in situ polymerization. Then, synthesized composites, sulfur, zinc oxide (ZnO), stearic acid, and N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBS) were compounded using a two-roll mill and cured by a rheometer at 140°C. PEDS characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction (XRD), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Also, cured samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR, Raman spectroscopies, XRD, DSC, and TGA. Moreover, the mechanical properties and hardness of the samples were investigated by tensile test and Shore A. The results showed that after the curing process, due to the cross-links, the structure is completely amorphous and no melting temperature (T m) has been observed. Also, by increasing CFs in composites, the glass transition temperature occurs at higher temperatures. Moreover, the thermal stability of composites by increasing CFs was enhanced. Furthermore, by an increase of CFs in matrix, hardness, and elastic modulus, as well as strength, were increasing. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


This study aims to investigate budget related antecedents of job performance of managers. For this purpose, the effect of budgetary participation, budget goal commitment and information sharing on job performance of managers were examined. The sample consists of 104 managers who are responsible from the budgets of their units in different private enterprises. Most of these enterprises are operating in automotive sector and located in Marmara Region of Turkey. Survey data was analyzed with confirmatory factor analyses and Structural Equation Modeling. Results indicate that budgetary participation has statistically significant and positive impact on job performance. It also positively affects budget goal commitment and information sharing. Budget goal commitment and information sharing have significant and positive impact on job performance. In addition, budget goal commitment positively affects information sharing of managers. Analyses also revealed that budget goal commitment and information sharing have partial mediation effect on the relationship between budgetary participation and job performance.


The steady-state and transient behaviors of a continuous melt transesterification process which is the first stage in the synthesis of thermoplastic poly(ethylene terephthalate) have been studied with dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol as reactants and zinc acetate as a catalyst. A molecular species model was developed for three major reactions in the transesterification stage. The effects of reactor residence time, feed ethylene glycol/dimethyl terephthalate mole ratio, and zinc acetate concentration on the reactor performance have been investigated through laboratory experiments and model simulations. The catalyst utilization factors were used to account for the relative availability of catalytically active Zn 2+ for ester interchange, transesterification, and polycondensation reactions. The agreement between the model predictions and the experimental data was quite satisfactory. It was also observed that the transient reactor response time depends on the type of changes in the reactor operating conditions


The implementation of ICT (information and communication technologies) into the educational process is becoming a reality in the 21st century. Today's students grow up with technology. To keep their attention, scientific problems should be solved through visualization, which is made possible using ICT in the educational process. In the modern educational process, students still have difficulties in learning science concepts. Also, it is a very common problem that students cannot apply mathematical language and concepts into other science areas such as physics, engineering, etc. For example, students start learning about vectors in mathematics in secondary school. Vectors are very important because they have a wide area of applications especially in physics, engineering and navigation to represent forces, tension, velocity, etc.. Using the free mathematical software GeoGebra, a simulation of using vectors in these areas is made. It will be shown that such simulations increase students' interest, keep their attention, and make this knowledge more real and more understandable and connected to the physical world and thus more applicable to their other studies.


NE century ago children and adolescents with serious psychiatric and developmental disorders were shunted aside by society. During the past decades, and at an increasing rate, we are beginning to understand the neurobiological and environmental factors that underlie some of the major developmental and neuropsychiatric problems of children. Children with retardation, childhood autism, and other serious conditions today can have early diagnoses and can benefit from specific psychiatric and educational interventions.


This paper examines the ideological discourses evident in related categories of commercial World Wide Web sites during the last year of the dot-com bubble (1995–2001). It analyzes two collections of employment-related Web pages: third-party Internet career sites (such as Monster.com) and the employee recruitment sections of corporate Web sites (such as General Electric). After reviewing the historical development of Internet use for job search purposes and the effect on labor market dynamics, I estimate the extent to which discourses of community permeate these sites by using methodologies that focus on the content of Web sites and the messages conveyed by advertisements. The conclusions highlight the importance of considering ideological constructions in grasping the meaning of "discursive domains" among commercial sites on the Web.


Abstract A research was carried out in southern Italy in order to evaluate the effects of two farming systems (open field, greenhouse) and five transplanting times (27 September, 11 October, 25 October, 8 November, 22 November) on plant growth, harvest precocity, fresh pod yield and seed quality of organic faba bean. Crop biomass and root expansion were higher in open field than in greenhouse. The fourth planting time resulted in the highest crop biomass, whereas the second crop cycle showed the highest leaf area index. Greenhouse crops showed higher precocity than the open field ones by about two weeks, as well as the first transplant; the delay in harvest beginning increased from the second to the fourth planting time. Both fresh pod and seeds yield were significantly higher in open field than under protected environment with the third and fourth planting times. Seed fiber and protein content showed higher values in greenhouse compared to open field and increased with the transplant delay. Seed polyphenols attained higher concentration in open field and with the two earliest planting times. Overall, 25 October to 8 November planting times in open field best fitted the southern Italy growing conditions in terms of pod yield, but the 27 September to 11 October planting times resulted in the highest harvest precocity, remarkably enhanced under greenhouse growing, whereas seed quality was controversial.


The analysis of the components of cognitive evoked potentials in children with motor dysphasia compared to healthy children was conducted. Cognitive evoked potentials registration was performed on a 16-channel electroencephalograph «Neuron-Spectrum 4/EP». All children underwent two methods of P300 and MMN (mismatch negativity). Main characteristic of children with motor dysphasia was a significant prolongation of P300 latency, which indicated impairments in the processes of differentiation, memorizing and decision making. In 4 children with motor dysphasia there was no response in both hemispheres, which may indicate impairments of the processes of perception, recognition and further stimuli differentiation. The hippocampus contribution in the formation of P300 and its effect on mnemonic processes may indicate decrease of the random access memory amount in children with motor dysphasia.


In servicing the CATV,the sudden sunken signals(or funnels)accidenlty appear in some channels.And the programs in this channel cannot be received.This paper analyses this phenomenon and its cause objectively and raises some countermeasures in the CATV installation.


Epistemic and deontic logics are modal logics, respectively, of knowledge and of the normative concepts of obligation, permission, and prohibition. Epistemic logic is useful in formalizing systems of communicating processes and knowledge and belief in AI (Artificial Intelligence). Deontic logic is useful in computer science wherever we must distinguish between actual and ideal behavior, as in fault tolerance and database integrity constraints. We here discuss fuzzy versions of these logics. In the crisp versions, various axioms correspond to various properties of the structures used in defining the semantics of the logics. Thus, any axiomatic theory will be characterized not only by its axioms but also by the set of properties holding of the corresponding semantic structures. Fuzzy logic does not proceed with axiomatic systems, but fuzzy versions of the semantic properties exist and can be shown to correspond to some of the axioms for the crisp systems in special ways that support dependency networks among assertions in a modal domain. This in turn allows one to implement truth maintenance systems. For the technical development of epistemic logic, and for that of deontic logic. To our knowledge, we are the first to address fuzzy epistemic and fuzzy deontic logic explicitly and to consider the different systems and semantic properties available. We give the syntax and semantics of epistemic logic and discuss the correspondence between axioms of epistemic logic and properties of semantic structures. The same topics are covered for deontic logic. Fuzzy epistemic and fuzzy deontic logic discusses the relationship between axioms and semantic properties for these logics. Our results can be exploited in truth maintenance systems.


Although I don't consider the architectural domain as being on the same level as that of building production, I will voluntarily limit my theoretical approach to architecture within the frame-work of this expose to the branch of production.


Objective: In order to determine the blasting vibration safety criteria for slope rock mass scientifically and reasonably, the influence of stress waves on surficial rock mass of mine slopes was analyzed when stress waves propagate to the slope surface, and mathematical models for blasting vibration safety criteria are proposed based on the ultimate tensile stress criterion, the ultimate shear stress criterion and the Mohr-Coulomb criterion.


This study has studied to analyses of the general tendency and status of the participants of the Nonsan city regional festival. Through this survey it can be summarized which was founded of their recognition as follow: First, they don't get the exact purpose of the holding festival. Second, they regard as harden the festival itself as the reason why it organised by government. Third, they don't understand of the festival programme exactly due to the lack of promotion. Fourth, complain ratio is quiet high particularly on not enough visitor's facilities. For the long-term visioned developments of the Nonsan city regional festival programme these problems should be solved one by one and through this it can be improve of the tourism attractions of the Nonsan city in the future.


The first light rail line in Houston, Texas, is now under construction. Service is scheduled to start early in 2004. The 12-km MetroRail line will run down Main and Fannin streets through Downtown, Midtown and the museum district to the Reliance Park complex, which is home to a Six Flags amusement park, a new football stadium and a convention center that is under construction. The $324 million line is being built at ground level in the median of city streets. Contractors will receive incentives for completing work ahead of schedule, and potentially disruptive work is done at off-peak times whenever possible. As the track is installed, Metro is also replacing water and sewer pipes. The Avanto S-70 low-floor light rail vehicles being made by Siemens Transportation Systems for Houston will give the trains a futuristic look. The sleek silver LRVs are bidirectional and will have three articulated sections. Each LRV will carry 200 passengers, with 72 seated, and they will operate in pairs at busy times.


Mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli(APC) gene are responsible for familial adenomatous polyposis coli(FAP) and sporadic colorectal tumours. APC gene encodes a protein with multiple function domains and different phosphorylation states. APC is involved in regulating cell adherin,migration,prolification,through its interation with multiple proteins.APC binds to microtubles with its C terminal region directly and indirectly, but APC middle region could also bind to microtubles,but the mechanism is still unclear.For further studying the interactions of APC and other proteins, using the middle fragment of APC( 1 500 bp ~4 800 bp)as bait, through yeast two hybrid technology screen the human fetal brain cDNA library, got a novel APC binding protein SMAP/KAP3,and then generated the SMAP/KAP3 antiserum and the flowing coimmunoprecipitation and coimmunofluoresce staining identificated the interaction of APC and SMAP/KAP3.This suggested that the APC utilize the SMAP/KAP3 KIF3A KIF3B as a motor protein move along the microtubles.


Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.jmls.edu/lawreview Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Communications Law Commons, Constitutional Law Commons, Courts Commons, First Amendment Commons, Jurisprudence Commons, Law and Philosophy Commons, Law and Society Commons, Legal History, Theory and Process Commons, Public Law and Legal Theory Commons, and the Religion Law Commons


The purpose of this study was to describe (1) the current physical activity (PA) levels of women who were among the earliest competitors in organized intercollegiate sports during the late 1960s and 1970s. Activity was determined using the Godin Leisure Time Questionnaire. Of the 103 subjects, 45% reported participation in strenuous activity (MET level 9), and 41% reported participation in moderate activity (MET level 5) more than 3 times per week. The majority of women often (50%) or sometimes (38%) participated in activity long enough to work up a sweat. Only 12 % reported never engaging in activity long enough to work up a sweat. Most women (66%) currently participate in physical activity to gain health or fitness or for recreation. A much smaller percentage (13%) still enjoys competition. Most women (60%) performed these activities alone while only 3% participated in group activities. Most (73%) indicated that the opportunity to participate in their college sport does not currently exist, while 27% in...


Anytime, anywhere e-learning, requires tools to support e-learners in the management of their learning objectives and activities. Collaborative e-learning requires tools that support participants as both learners and users (Smulders, 2002). Being users as well as learners, e-learners interact in a complex space which includes the tools, their peers and their e-tutors. Contextual information from the interactions can improve e-learners' awareness, organizational and learning activities. Therefore tools need to support e-learners by exposing the contextual information within the interactional space.


I leave my inheritors in extreme poverty, since my debts, most illustrious Madam, exceed half a million rubles—[they accumulated] during my thirty years of service in the Admiralty, where, particularly in the beginning, I was compelled to entertain many guests, to feed almost everybody, and to get them accustomed not only to high society but also to affluence. Count I. G. Chernyshev to Catherine the Great (1794) Historians have Described the gentry as the most powerful and influential social group in eighteenth-century Russia. The gentry developed during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries as a social class, or estate, from the fusion of the old feudal aristocracy with the younger military and administrative service class. The view that the gentry was the pillar of absolutism and of the Russian state was virtually unchallenged during the eighteenth century. The special status of the Russian gentry derived principally from the fact that its members constituted the first social group that could not be treated arbitrarily by the state. The Russian state recognized certain rules of conduct in respect to the gentry, and by and large observed those rules, at a time when other social groups possessed no safeguards, as individuals or collectively, in their dealings with the state.


Surviving a Left Main coronary artery (LMCA) total occlusion depends upon the presence of well-developed collaterals. We report a 44 year male patient, with past history of Ischemic heart disease, who underwent Angioplasty to Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD) in 2009, and presented with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)-Non ST Elevation of Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI). Subsequently, cardiac catheterization revealed a total occlusion of the LMCA with dominant right coronary artery (RCA) giving collaterals to the left coronary arteries. The patient was immediately referred for coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) and was symptom free on follow up. This case demonstrates the power of collateral circulation in protecting the patient from symptoms and death despite total occlusion of the LMCA.


e14513 Background: MUC1 is a glycoprotein that is expressed in healthy tissues on the luminal surface of simple and glandular epithelium. In tumors that arise from these cells, an alternate form with aberrant glycosylation is frequently over expressed and distinguishes tumor associated TnMUC1 from normal MUC1. We have generated a novel chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting the TnMUC antigen comprised of a mouse anti-human scFv derived from the monoclonal antibody 5E5 which recognizes the epitope comprising Tn glycan of MUC1, a CD8a transmembrane region and dual CD2 and CD3z intracellular signaling domains. CD2 signaling in T-cells has been demonstrated to result in delayed exhaustion. The novel incorporation of this co-stimulatory domain may lead to enhanced persistence of the CART cells which is believed to be critical for efficacy in solid-tumors. Methods: This is a multi-center first in human Phase I study to evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of CART-TnMUC1-Cells for the treatment of solid-tumors. Solid-tumors included in the dose-escalation phase include metastatic treatment-resistant ovarian cancer (OC), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC), triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) or non-small lung cancer (NSCLC). All patients must have TnMUC1 expression as determined by immunohistochemistry. Results: As of January 2021, a total of six patients were treated. Three in Cohort 1 (no lymphodepletion; dose = 1-2 x 107 TDN CART cells; tumors = 1 OC, 1 TNBC and 1 PC) and 3 in Cohort 2 (flu/cy lymphodepletion; dose = 1-2 x 107 TDN CART cells; tumors = 1 NSCLC and 2 OC). None of the patients treated experienced DLT's. The trial is currently enrolling to Cohort 3 (flu/cy lymphodepletion, 5-6 x 107 TDN). No CRS, neurotoxicity, serious adverse reactions and no on-target/off-tumor toxicity was observed at these dose levels. The most common AE's were low-grade GI symptoms (e.g., nausea, abdominal pain) in 5/6 patients (83.3%), generalized disorders (e.g., chills, fatigue) in 5/6 (83.3%) and hematologic disorders (e.g., anemia, neutropenia) in 3/6 (50%) of patients. CAR expansion was demonstrated in all patients and was improved in Cohort 2 following LD chemotherapy. Preliminary efficacy assessed by RECIST v1.1 at Day +28 demonstrate SD in all patients in Cohort 2. Conclusions: This is the first report of a novel CART-TnMUC1 construct containing a CD2 co-stimulatory domain that has been used in clinical trials for the treatment of refractory solid-tumor malignancies. While the study is still early in dose-escalation having completed only 2 of 6 planned dose levels there is no evidence of safety concerns or on-target/off-tumor toxicity. Additional safety, efficacy and biomarker data is currently being reviewed and will be presented. Clinical trial information: NCT04025216.


Detailed Table of Contents Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 2. Gender and Cultural Work: Post-War to Late 1970s 3. Gender and Cultural Work: Punk and Beyond 4. Representing Women 5. Representing Men 6. Consuming Popular Culture: The Role of Gender 7. Gender, Popular Culture and Space/Place 8. Conclusion: Prisoners of Gender? Bibliography


The cer–Xer dimer resolution system of plasmid ColE1 is highly selective, acting only at sites on the same molecule and in direct repeat. Recombination requires the XerCD recombinase and accessory proteins ArgR and PepA. The Escherichia coli chromosome dimer resolution site dif and the type II hybrid site use the same recombinase but are independent of ArgR and PepA and show no site selectivity. This has led to the proposal that ArgR and PepA are responsible for the imposition of constraint. We describe here the characterization of a novel class of 'conditionally constrained' multimer resolution sites whose properties support this hypothesis. In the presence of ArgR and PepA, plasmids containing conditionally constrained sites are monomeric, but in their absence, extensive multimerisation is seen. A mutant ArgR derivative (ArgR110), which is defective in cer‐mediated dimer resolution, remains able to prevent plasmid multimerisation by a conditionally constrained site. This implies that the accessory factors block recombination in trans rather than ensuring rapid multimer resolution. When the distance between the ArgR and XerCD binding sites in a conditionally constrained site was altered by a non‐integral number of helical turns, the site became unconstrained. Constraint was restored by the insertion of a full helical turn.


The amount and relative grain size of metalic iron of Apollo 16 rocks correlate with petrographic texture (i.e., petrogenesis) but not with rock chemistry. Most, if not all, Apollo 16 rocks are formed by impact processes. The crystallized impact melt rocks (poikilitic rocks and basalts) have the highest average iron contents of any lunar rocks and a paucity of magnetically-fine-grained iron (<300 A). Crystalline rocks have an average of 13% of their total iron as metal (range 2–58%). The Apollo 16 breccias have iron contents similar to those for breccias of other missions with 1–10% (average 6%) of their total iron as metal. The subgroups of both crystalline rocks and impact breccias are presently indistinguishable on the basis of iron content except that breccias with abundant glass are the only Apollo 16 rocks with appreciable fine-grained iron. A number of impact-fused glassy agglutinates were analyzed and found to have Fe°/(Fe total) = 1–8%. All Apollo 16 rocks have much higher Fe°/(Fe total) than the only generally accepted igneous rocks on the moon, the mare basalts with Fe°/Fe++ ∼ 0.5%, and thus it is suggested that iron may have been reduced in a surface process. A further indication that the iron in the Apollo 16 rocks is not primary is that iron content correlates to petrographic texture. The high iron content of the crystalline rocks is apparently due to these rocks experiencing high temperature reducing conditions longer (i.e., slower cooling) than either the breccias or glasses.


Key management is one of the most important part of wilrelss sensor networks.Resently,it receives widespread attention,many key distribution schemes have been proposed.Given the pover constrait of sensor nodes,the proposed scheme should reduce the energy consuming mostly.Thus,this paper proposes an encryption scheme based on elliptic curves in wireless sensor networks,in this scheme,the raw key chain and key updating are computed in base station,and greatly reduces the energy consuming.


Yield Management is a scientific theory which aims to maximize
profit yields for perishable commodities. Birmingham city centre was
selected as the source of information. Data were collected by
semi‐structured interviews with a stratified sample of nine city hotel
managers to ascertain attitudes to yield management. In addition,
objective data were collected to allow calculation of percentage yield
values for these hotels. The analysis suggests that current working
practices are such that a move to an organized yield management system
would not prove a major upheaval, but that the effects on unit
efficiency could be very large.


In this paper a first approach based in the division of the dictionary elements into stems and endings is introduced to deal with Basque dialectal speech recognition. In this way, two objectives are achieved: on the one hand, the great dictionary decrease due to the treatment of the agglutinative grammatical cases of Basque as a finite group of endings; on the other hand, the treatment of the phonetic and phonological variants that show these grammatical cases in the different forms of the western dialect. In this paper, the procedure used in the experiments and the results obtained are shown.


This paper discusses the development of a personal compact oxygen generator for portable and mobility. The compact oxygen generator is operated with vacuum swing absorption by compact vacuum pump. The components of oxygen generator is composed on the miniaturization and weight reduction, and it is optimized by discharge pump speed, nozzle diameter and 3-way valve interval. In 0.5mm of nozzle diameter, O2 concentration is approximately 37%, and flow rate is 1l/min. On the 30cm away from the nozzle, O2 concentration is increased approximately 0.5%.


Metacirolana agaricicola Kensley, 1984 from the Caribbean Sea of Colombia is redescribed, with particular reference to its sexual dimorphism. Metacirolana agujae n. sp., known only from Colombia, is decribed. The interspecific affinities of both species are discussed and notes on their habits are given.


It has been shown that sheep erythrocytes to which azophenylarsonate groups have been attached are agglutinated by anti-azophenylarsonate rabbit serum; the fact that this agglutination occurs when as few as about sixty arsonate groups per cell are present provides evidence that the cells need not be covered by antibody in order for agglutination to take place.
 It was also observed that erythrocytes to which ovalbumin has been attached through reaction with bisdiazotized benzidine are agglutinated by anti-ovalbumin serum. Bisdiazotized benzidine itself slowly agglutinates erythrocytes, presumably through the formation of azobiphenylazo linkages between cells.
 Azo-erythrocytes with attached azophenylarsonate groups or ovalbumin-molecules can be agglutinated by anti-erythrocyte serum as well as by anti-azophenylarsonate or antiovalbumin serum.


Mouse spectral karyotyping (SKY) was employed to analyze 29 primary BALB/c plasmacytomas (PCTs) for the presence of chromosomal aberrations that took place subsequent to the Myc‐activating T(12F1;15D2) or T(6C1;15D2) translocations, the initiating oncogenic mutations in plasmacytomagenesis. Recurrent amplifications of chromosome (Chr) 1 (48% prevalence) and promiscuous non‐reciprocal translocations of Chr 5 (52% prevalence) suggested the existence of important PCT progressor genes on bands 1B/C and 5F. The additional occurrence of sporadic aberrations (93% prevalence) most likely reflected the general instability of the PCT genome. This instability, however, was not consistent, as two PCTs lacked secondary cytogenetic changes detectable by SKY. Our findings led us to conclude that BALB/c PCTs show a remarkably similar degree of cytogenetic heterogeneity to human multiple myeloma, despite being genetically defined (inbred mouse strain) and uniformly initiated (deregulation of Myc). Genes Chromosomes Cancer 29:70–74, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Eastern province of Sri Lanka had been liberated by the Sri Lankan Government forces and after a democratic process the public representatives for the region have been appointed. As at present, a major concern of the decision makers would be to identify land areas according to their suitability and then to ascertain resource mobilization requirements to improve the suitability ranking of identified land extents. Ranking land suitability depends on many factors. In the present work, a study area covering seven Divisional Secretariat Divisions in the Eastern province was selected to identify land suitability for housing. The natural environment, visibility, closeness to water bodies, green wild territory, and proximity to sea coast were considered as parameters of common preferences. The multilayer GIS model divided the parameters in to three as natural, positive human influence and negative human influence. The modelling effort and its results indicate the strength of GIS and associated methodology for a resource manager to utilize similar systems for rational decision making. The paper also discusses the issues and improvements that could be effected when carrying out GIS modelling to analyze and evaluate geographical data.


AIM
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a very common entrapment neuropathy characterized by pain and paresthesia in the territory of the median nerve. Although this syndrome has a considerable impact on the patient's quality of life, its medical treatment is far from optimal.

MATERIAL & METHODS
We performed an observational study to evaluate Nucleo CMP ForteTM in patients with electromyography-confirmed, mild-moderate CTS. Pain was assessed using a visual analog scale, electromyogram and the SF-36.

RESULTS
Pain decreased significantly after 6 months. Quality of life improved significantly in the pain dimensions. No significant differences were observed in electromyographic findings. No adverse events were reported.

CONCLUSIONS
Nucleotides could prove useful for the nonsurgical treatment of CTS. Further studies are necessary to confirm this.


From Ashok Row Kavi's autobiographical piece on growing up in Bombay to Vikram Seth's etched account of a controversial relationship in " The Golden gate", the stories, poems, plays and prose extracts in this collection cover a range of literary styles, and themes.


The radiation transmittances of a standard glass plate and an ordinary polyethylene (PE) film were measured during a complete condensation cycle (dry phase; condensation without run-off; condensation with run-off evaporation phase). The measurements were performed in a specially developed laboratory measuring unit, using perpendicularly polarized monochromatic radiation in the range of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Transmittances were determined for three angles of incidence: 0, 30, and 60°. In the dry phase, at normal incidence, the transmittance of the ordinary PE film (about 90% was almost similar to the one of the standard glass plate (about 89%). For increasing incidence angles, the transmittance of both dry cladding materials decreased. As soon as condensate was formed, a quick decrease of the transmittance was found for the PE film for the three angles of incidence (23% at normal incidence). This transmittance decrease adopted an equilibrium value after approximately 1 h. On the glass plate, however, the quick drop of the transmittance was only observed for higher incidence angles. At normal incidence, the effect of condensate on the transmittance of the glass plate was found to be negligible. In most cases, the occurrence of run-off caused a slight change of the transmittance of both cladding materials with respect to the phase of condensation without run-off. As soon as the evaporation of the condensate started, the transmittance returned gradually to its original value for the dry state. In general, it can be stated that the effects of condensation on the radiation transmittance were greater on the PE film than on the glass plate.


In March, I provided an analysis of the likely stock of Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs) which had been banked by obligated parties over the past three years through the banking provision outlined in the RFS2 (post available here). The numbers indicated a potential stock level of approximately 2.5 billion gallon RINs which could be applied towards the mandate, reducing the revealed demand for corn-forethanol by as much as 900 million bushels if conditions arose which negatively impacted the economics of ethanol blending. The drought and resulting short corn crop may in fact lead to such conditions (ethanol prices near or above gasoline prices). For example, rising corn prices have already led to reports of ethanol plants shutting down in late June (see Morningstar article here as an example), and recent weekly ethanol outlook reports indicate reduced industry wide production levels (see CME Group outlook reports here and here).


In multi-microphone speech enhancement, reverberation and noise are commonly suppressed by deconvolution and spatial filtering, i.e. using multi-channel linear prediction (MCLP) on the one hand and beamforming, e.g., a generalized sidelobe canceler (GSC), on the other hand. In this paper, in order to perform both deconvolution and spatial filtering, we propose to integrate MCLP and the GSC into a novel framework referred to as integrated sidelobe cancellation and linear prediction (ISCLP), wherein the sidelobe-cancellation (SC) filter and the linear prediction (LP) filter operate in parallel. Further, within this framework, we propose to estimate both filters jointly by means of a single Kalman filter. While ISCLP is roughly M times less expensive than a corresponding cascade of multiple-output MCLP and the GSC, where M denotes the number of microphones, it performs equally well in terms of dereverberation and noise reduction, as shown in simulations using one localized noise source.


Key-value (KV) software has proven useful to a wide variety of applications including analytics, time-series databases, and distributed ile systems. To satisfy the requirements of diverse workloads, KV stores have been carefully tailored to best match the performance characteristics of underlying solid-state block devices. Emerging KV storage device is a promising technology for both simplifying the KV software stack and improving the performance of persistent storage-based applications. However, while providing fast, predictable put and get operations, existing KV storage devices don't natively support range queries which are critical to all three types of applications described above. In this paper, we present KVRangeDB, a software layer that enables processing range queries for existing hash-based KV solid-state disks (KVSSDs). As an efort to adapt to the performance characteristics of emerging KVSSDs, KVRangeDB implements log-structured merge tree key index that reduces compaction I/O, merges keys when possible, and provides separate caches for indexes and values. We evaluated the KVRangeDB under a set of representative workloads, and compared its performance with two existing database solutions: a Rocksdb variant ported to work with the KVSSD, and Wisckey, a key-value database that is carefully tuned for conventional block devices. On ilesystem aging workloads, KVRangeDB outperforms Wisckey by 23.7x in terms of throughput and reduce CPU usage and external write ampliications by 14.3x and 9.8x, respectively.


There is an increasing awareness among all the stakeholders about the importance of the Corporate Social Responsibility of the firms, especially in green concepts. The Environmental Accounting deals with the assessment and disclosure of environment related information. The environment related information helps to take both internal and external decision making of the organization. Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) deals with the internal decision making related to the environmental performance of the organization. This paper reviews the internal decision making tools in taking business decision regarding environmental consideration.


A major challenge of the new modulation techniques used in fifth generation (5G) is the robustness in a noisy environment. As used in 4G mobile networks, OFDM technology has shown major drawbacks. From those drawbacks, we can name the following; first, a frequency leakage caused by the rectangular shape of the pulse. Second, the Cyclic Prefix (CP) causes a Spectral Efficiency (SE) decrease; researchers must design novel waveforms for transmissions. Consequently, this has brought emergency of a new mobile network named 5G aiming to offer flexibility, larger bandwidth, less latency and better spectral efficiency. This paper deals with this issues and improvements of cited parameters as reflected in simulation results.


Streptococcus agalactiae is one of the causative agents associated with warm-water streptococcosis that produces massive mortality in aquaculture. The emergence of disease in tilapia farms usually occurs during high temperature seasons, which suggested higher susceptibility of tilapia to infection under this condition. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine the pathogenesis of streptococcosis in heat-stressed tilapia using various routes of infection and the role heat stress in the development of streptococcal infection in tilapia. Red tilapias, including the control group without heat stress, were inoculated with 109 CFU/mL of S. agalactiae via intraperitoneal, immersion and immersion cut routes of inoculations and maintained at a water temperature of 34oC for 24 hours. Samples of brain, eyes and kidneys were taken and subjected to bacterial isolation, PCR, histological examination and immunoperoxidase test. Diseased fish showed typical signs of bacterial septicaemia including skin and fin haemorrhage and exophthalmia. The fishes were more susceptible to intraperitoneal route of infection, followed by immersion cut and lastly immersion. The bacteria was isolated and detected by PCR from all organs of fishes with and without heat stress. The lesions were more clearly seen first in fishes with heat-stressed than those without. Fifty percent mortality occurred in the heat-stressed group infected via intraperitoneal route. However, no mortality was observed in the group without heat stress. Post-mortem revealed that the lesions were more severe in the heat-stressed group infected via the intraperitoneal route than those infected via the immersion cut and immersion routes. The lesions observed were haemorrhage, presence of inflammatory cells and bacteria in the brain, eyes and kidneys. There is significant (p 0.05) difference was observed between routes of infection in most organs of fishes without heat stress. Immunoperoxidase test were positive in most organs. However, the intensity of the antigen-antibody reactions were greatest in the group infected via the intraperitoneal route followed by immersion cut and immersion groups. In conclusion, the severity of lesions observed in the brain, eye and kidneys are most marked in heat-stressed red tilapias infected with S. agalactiae via the intraperitoneal route, followed by the immersion cut and lastly the immersion route.


Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked hereditary disease. It results from mutations in the GLA gene, leading to deficient activity of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A and progressive accumulation of undegraded glycosphingolipids in cell lysosomes. Enzyme replacement therapy improved the natural course of this disease, but an early diagnosis is crucial for a successful treatment.

 A screening study for GLA gene mutations was conducted for all patients under dialysis, from a single centre. All the probands with a detectable mutation were analysed individually. Data on the patient's family and personal pathological history were retrospectively collected, by consulting the clinical file.

 35 years-old female diagnosed with chronic proteinuric kidney disease in the postpartum period. Despite optimal medical treatment the disease progressed, and she started renal replacement therapy with peritoneal dialysis. Five years later she was enrolled in a pilot screening study for FD and the heterozygous mutation c.870G>C (p.Met290Ile; M290I) in exon 6 of the GLA gene was found. The proband didn't meet the criteria for a definitive FD diagnosis, but she remained under follow-up at our nephrology metabolic diseases consultation, as the mutation was described as pathogenic and associated with a classic FD phenotype. Later that same year, reassessment exams revealed a worsening left ventricle mass index, a new ischemic cerebral lesion and a substantial increase in serum globotriaosylsphingosine (LysoGb3) levels. These clinical changes led to the decision to initiate enzyme replacement therapy.
 Until now there are only a few descriptions of this genetic variant in the scientific literature. A Portuguese study analysed a total of 11 FD patients and described 2 patients with p.M290I mutation, without detectable Gb3 accumulation. Another study was designed to evaluate the genotype-phenotype relationship in 73 Chinese FD patients. Contrary to other reports, the p.M290I mutation was not associated to the classic FD phenotype. A Swiss investigation with a similar design analysed 69 FD patients during their routine annual examinations. M290I mutant enzyme was found in a 48-year-old heterozygous female with a classic FD phenotype but with a low serum LysoGb3. A Spanish newborn screening identified one male patient with FD and the p.M290I genetic variant but was unable to provide any information about the clinical expression of this mutation, since the diagnosis was made between the third and fifth days of life. The study describing the most patients carrying the M290I mutant enzyme is Brazilian and screened a total of 25,223 dialysis patients. Among 89 FD-positive patients, the p.M290I mutation was present in 22. However, the authors did not provide detailed information about the clinical manifestations or α-Gal A activity and LysoGb3 levels of these patients. Finally, a recent Portuguese screening of 150 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients found 25 patients with FD. Of these, one female carried the GLA gene variant p.M290I, with a non-detectable LysoGb3 plasma level.

 We describe a case of FD due to a previously known but still poorly described GLA mutation, which offers strong evidence of its pathogenicity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of p.M290I mutation-associated disease activity evidenced by elevated levels of serum LysoGb3. Despite the absence of classic FD symptoms such as neuropathic pain, cornea verticillata and angiokeratoma, the presence of severe multiple organ evolvement, characterized by renal failure, cardiac disease and ischaemic stroke, strongly suggests a classic phenotype. Consequently, it is our opinion that the presence of a p.M290I GLA mutation should require a strict ongoing patient follow-up, as it may cause clinically significant disease.


The effects of various factors affacting yield and its components in rice were estimated by analzing the yield forcasting trial data from 1966 to 1979. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The year effects was increased by 3.46kg per year, and one day early planting increased by 2,26kg. 2. The effect of japonica vareties was negative while that of indica-japonica hybrid varieties was positive and the effect of each varities was increased by 3.46kg per year. 3. The contribution of each effect of the planting date, nitrogen varity, pest control and other improvement of cultivation to yield was estimated as 1.76kg (14.5%), I.04kg (8.7%), 5.84kg(48.2%), 3.47kg(28.6%) per year, respectively.


AMERICAN B A B ASSOCIATION JOURNAL, July, 1943 (Vol. 29, No. 7). Military Justice and Trial Procedure (pp. 368-371), M. C. Cramer; Post-War Planning and the American Bar Association (pp. 379-381), C. M. Lyman. , August, 1943 (Vol. 29, No. 8). Post-War Planning and the Organized Bar (pp. 428-432), various authors; English Law in Wartime (pp. 434, 473), G. Edinger. , September, 1943 (Vol. 29, No. 9). Bullets or Boycotts (pp. 491-493), J. H. Wigmore.


A newly devised folk play adapted from the ballad A Gest of Robyn Hode (anon., pub. 1510). Additional Doctor part adapted from Bampton Mummer's Christmas Play, Oxfordshire (1847) and Inglesham Mummer's Christmas Play, Wiltshire (1840-50) both based on the ballad Robin Hood and the Tanner. Adapted and devised by James Frost and Sonia Overall, costumes by Sonia Overall, props and stag disguise by James Frost.


Picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) in biomedical engineering consist of image and data acquisition, storage, and display subsystems integrated by various digital networks. The standard (DICOM 3) is applicable to a networked or an off-line media environment. It allows development and expansion of PACS system. This Standard has been developed with an emphasis on diagnostic medical imaging as practiced in radiology, cardiology and related disciplines. Also the compression methods suitable for image processing are presented in this article. The compression is often realized by reduction of irrelevance or redundancy. There are described lossless and lossy compression methods which can be used for compression of images in biomedical applications and comparison of these methods based


A simple analytical unified approach is described for error detection and correction in numerical computations. The computation process may be implemented by a computer program. This approach does not depend on the form of representation or on the specific features of the implementation of a program or a device computing the given function, but it is based on algebraic concepts, such as transcendental degree of field extensions. The described approach results in a substantial reduction of the hardware overhead required for multiple error detection and correction, as compared to the checksum approach and other previously known methods.<<ETX>>


The growth and decay of ice sheets can change the symmetry axis of the global mass distribution and thus excite motion of the rotation axis of the Earth. We develop a simple, normal mode expansion of the operator which converts surface load histories into polar motion histories, and use it to characterize the polar motion response to arbitrary surface loading excitation, in terms of gain and phase, for a wide range of Earth models and excitation time scales. Uncertainties in loading history presently limit the utility of constraints on mantle rheology which can be obtained from matching the present direction and rate of motion of the pole. Because of its magnitude and distance from the pole, the Laurentide ice sheet alone can induce motion of the rotation pole by over 100 km. This will influence the pattern of incident radiation on continents and oceans, and may play a significant role in limiting ice sheet growth. Differential motion of the mantle and core, on a glacial timescale, may also influence the geomagnetic field.


Though ZhangJuzheng was mainly concentrated on political activities all his life, he could fairly claim a place in the history of historical science of Ming Dynasty by virtue of his practice and achievements in historical science. On one hand, he took charge of modifying such official books as Veritable Records of Shizong of Ming Dynasty, Veritable Records of Muzong of Ming Dynasty and Books and Records of Wanli's reign, etc., raising many renovation measures to perfect the system of historiographers' office in Ming Dynasty; on the other hand, as the head member of the cabinet, he restored and reconstructed the annotation of daily life that had been long cast aside by exerting his own power.


Objective To detect anesthesia of painless bronchoscopy.Methods A retrospective analysis of 23 cases of anesthesia for bronchoscopy and chest pain and patients.Results The incidence rate of 8.7% in hypoxemia,hemodynamic fluctuation.Conclusions Etomidatefat emulsion,fentanyl,nicardipine combined to strengthen the respiratory management,can be used to painless anesthetic bronchoscopy,but the cough,body weight,higher rate of reaction.


Total dietary fiber(TDF) was prepared from millet bran by enzymatic-gravimetric method.In order to improve its in vitro cholesterol-binding capacity,TDF was modified with cellulase.Based on single factor experiments,an L_9(3~4)orthogonal array design was employed to optimize four parameters for enzymatic modification.The optimal enzymatic treatment conditions that provided a 2.40-fold increase in cholesterol-binding capacity compared with the original TDF(14.21 versus 5.91 mg/g) were determined as 3.8,140 U/g,55 ℃ and 3 h for initial pH,cellulase amount,hydrolysis temperature and time,respectively.Comparative studies between the native and modified TDF showed the cellulase treatment changed the monosaccharide composition of TDF and resulted in formation of more cellobioses in the cellulase-modified dietary fiber(CMF).Compared with TDF,CMF was rougher and had more hydrophobic groups.These physicochemical changes may be closely related to high cholesterol-binding capacity of CMF in vitro.