This paper reviews the annular-ring microstrip antennas, as proposed in the literature. Aiming to offer useful design insights about frequency performances, typical design parameters and constraints, technology, implementation and measurement, this study covers the annular-ring architectures reported so far in the scientific literature and making use of a single ring.


The results of processing experimental data on heat treatment in drying processes of thin thermal insulation materials are presented. As a result of processing the experimental data by generalized complex variables, formulas for determining the heat flux density, average integral temperatures, the intensity of moisture evaporation, and the duration of the heat treatment process of materials were obtained. Based on the elements of the thermal regular regime theory, formulas for determining the rate of heating of the wet body and the rate of loss of moisture content have been established by processing experimental data using the least squares method. The conditions of the drying process in the regular mode are considered. Processing experimental data with generalized complex variables allows you to move from one coordinate system to another, from one variable to another, without performing additional time-consuming experiments. Based on the equation of drying kinetics and the generalized drying curve, the relationship between the dimensionless heat flux and the relative drying rate is given. For the single-zone method of calculating the drying rate curve, an approximate relationship for determining the relative drying rate is given. The relationship between material surface temperature and the relative drying rate in the heat treatment processes of ceramic tiles, asbestos sheets, wool felts was established. All of the above formulas were used to check the reliability of the obtained dependencies, as well as to compare the calculated values of the main parameters of the drying kinetics with the experiment.


Education abroad is a high impact practice that can lead to transformational learning because it challenges students emotionally and intellectually. However, differences in program design may have differential impacts on students' learning. The purpose of this study was to understand the relationships between desi gn features of education abroad programs specifically, program duration and the extent of students' engagement in learning and with local communities while abroad and participants' pre test to post test growth in global learning, measured via the nationall y validated Global Perspective Inventory survey. Using structural equation models, we found program duration and frequency of engagement in certain learning and engagement abroad to have positive effects on participants' growth, although the relationships varied depending on the dimension of global perspective being measured. Nonetheless, our results provide further support for the need tointentionally design education abroad programs that facilitate deep learning and community interaction in order to ensure student learning.


Nowadays Parameter Identification Problems (PIP) are one of the main tasks in many engineering applications. For example, a model for the dynamic behavior of a robotic system has to be found. Before we can work with a system, e.g. solve an optimal control problem (OCP) to optimally perform an assigned task, we have to identify unknown parameters within the system model. In general, system identification is a one‐time job before system operation, but often there remain inaccuracies or the system changes over time, e.g. due to wear. Thus, the model has to be adapted during the process. This paper presents an algorithm where PIPs and OCPs are sequentially solved in order to obtain online parameter updates. First numerical results for an idealized two‐link robot are presented.


The article deals with the issues of infrastructure support for rural development. A comparison of individual indicators of socio-economic development of rural regions in the countries of the organization for Economic Cooperation and development is presented. Rural areas are also detailed by state regions. The place and role of rural areas in the country's economic development is substantiated. The problems of infrastructure support for rural development are presented. Among the problems of social infrastructure development, the curtailment of socio-cultural and outpatient services, the deterioration of rural improvement, and the growth of social tension in rural areas are highlighted. The problems of developing the transport infrastructure of the village are the lack of proper transport infrastructure, poor quality of road surface, and high deterioration of the transport fleet. It is noted that the production infrastructure of rural areas also has problems related to the destruction of production capacities, outdated material and technical base. The article outlines the directions of infrastructure support for rural development. These areas are following: development of transport infrastructure in rural areas, promotion and support of local community initiatives to effectively use the potential opportunities of rural areas, development and effective implementation of rural development programs; stimulating the development of farms, developing the social infrastructure of rural areas, restoring the social potential of the village, restoring the production infrastructure of rural areas, and producing organic products.


The Maquiladora program was instituted in Mexico in the early 1960s. The purpose of this program was to create jobs for Mexicans, attract foreign investment, and bring needed technology to Mexico. In the Maquiladora program components, equipment, and machinery can enter Mexico duty free, where they are then assembled. The finished products are then exported to the United States. Initially the process included only assembly operations. Today the program, which is spread throughout the entire Mexican border region, includes high-technology operations encompassing every aspect of the manufacturing process. The Maquiladora program is now the second most important industry in Mexico, generating revenues surpassing even the tourism industry. There are close to 740 Maquiladora plants operating in Mexico. Participants include manufacturers of toys, furniture, clothing, medical products, and other goods. Throughout Mexico, close to 200,000 individuals are employed in the Maquiladora program. In the Ensenada, Tijuana, and Tecate areas there are more than 300 American and Japanese companies employing a total of 35,000 workers. Labor costs as little as seventy-five cents per hour in Tijuana. When one compares these wages with the average United States hourly wage, the incentive to operate a plant is Mexico is obvious. The Tijuana area is populated with over one million people. The Department of Binational Affairs of the San Diego Council reports that by the year 2000, the Tijuana and San Diego area will have approximately four million people. Sixty percent of these people will be between eighteen and twenty-three years of age. As long as


In this,we,proceeding from the characteristics of virtual enterprise and integrating in the role-based type theory of working family conflict,analyze the factors and behaviors that cause the working family conflict;research the functioning mechanism of the working family conflict of virtual enterprise staff by combining its characteristics with conservation of resource theory;and put forward the strategies of balancing working family conflict of virtual enterprise staff.


The study attempts to mathematically model URMWPE oxidation in air. Simulations were carried out for shelf aging and accelerated aging data. Simulations of shelf aging at reduced oxygen concentration results in the ketone subsurface shifting towards the surface. Simulations of shelf aging at higher irradiation dose predicted higher ketone concentration with the peak shifting to the left. Reduced irradiation dose predicted significant reduction of the ketone formation.


The aim of this article is to extend market access literature about specific changes considering the COVID-19 pandemic and what lessons can be taken to make the patient access more efficient. We explored the Italy case of the market access process during the outbreak. Overall, our results show that in an emergency, as the one due to the COVID-19 crisis, the market access undergoes significant changes because some levels of the process seem to be more affected than others. In sum, there seems to be a trend toward a more digitalized and horizontal process, which reduces the times of bureaucracy and overcomes the traditional hierarchical structure of the market access by downsizing the role of the regions in favor of a more direct dialogue between the national agency and the local hospitals. This article contains some relevant implications for policy making. We attempt to unveil empirically the most important changes that occurred in the market access process during the COVID-19 emergency by performing a comparison with the market access process before and after the outbreak.


To a Greenwich Village bar, "The Golden Spur", comes young Jonathan Jamison of Silver City, Ohio, seeking the identity of his true father. Innocent and bewildered, he wanders among the raffish crowd.


In two quadratic models of a firm, it is shown that, if the firm's production function is not separable in its arguments, then the presence of any unit root technology shock will prevent factor inputs from being cointegrated with input prices. Absent integrated technology shocks, there will be one cointegrating vector for every quasi-fixed factor held by the firm, thereby providing one possible rationale for multiple cointegrating vectors in multivariate time series systems. The parameters of these cointegrating vectors may be used to recover the parameters of the static factor demand functions obeyed by the firm. Copyright 1995 by Economics Department of the University of Pennsylvania and the Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association.


In this paper, by introducing a convergence comparison property of a self-mapping, we establish some new fixed point theorems for Bianchini type, Reich type, and Dass-Gupta type dualistic contractions defined on a dualistic partial metric space. Our work generalizes and extends some well known fixed point results in the literature. We also provide examples which show the usefulness of these dualistic contractions. As an application of our findings, we demonstrate the existence of the solution of an elliptic boundary value problem.


The feature and the structure of plant communities were measured and the life form spectrum and the growth form spectrum of the communities in the water-land ecotone of Liangzi Lake were analyzed. Nine types of communities were described: 1) Ass. Potamogeton maackianus; 2) Ass. Myriophyllum spicatum, Vallisneria natans, Ceratophyllum demersum; 3) Ass. P. maackianus, C. demersum, M. spicatum; 4) Ass. C. demersum, P. maackianus; 5) Ass. C.demersum, M. spicatum, Nymphyoides peltatum; 6) Ass. Polygonum hydropiper, Trapa bispinosa, Zizania latifolia ; 7) Ass. Potamogeton crispus ; 8) Ass. Z. latifolia, N. peltatum, P. hydropiper; 9) Ass. Helophyte .The biomass of four dominant submerged communities was analyzed as follow: Ass. M. spicatum, V. natans, C. demersum; Ass. P. maackianus, C. demersum, M. spicatum; Ass. C. demersum, P. maackianus; Ass. P. maackianus was 2414 g·m -2, 4379 g·m -2,1486 g·m -2, 2805 g·m -2 respectively. The seasonal changes in the biomass of the main communities were the results for their growth patterns and human interference, and different species showed its own feature. The distribution of species was independent from each other and the distribution patterns of almost all species were contagious.


How does bankruptcy contagion propagate among industry peers? We study the debt recovery channel of industry contagion by examining whether the cost of a company's debt is affected by the observed recovery rates of its bankrupt industry peers. Our results show that lower industry recovery rates are associated with higher loan spreads, but only when the contracts were originated during industry bankruptcy waves. Consistent with the debt recovery channel of industry contagion, we find that the negative effects of industry recovery rates are significantly stronger under situations where the effect is expected to be more salient.


but the strategy strikes me as at points simplistic or naïve. For example, would assigning "responsibility" to the DCI (or some other government intelligence functionary) for getting bin Laden lead to a break in the nearly decade-long failed search? Or would aggressive confrontation in Pakistan's northwest border region not likely impede diplomatic influence on its other border in Kashmir? Altogether, I have to recommend this book to readers of Armed Forces & Society. I do not agree with Riedel's perspective on some issues. However, we do have much common ground (perhaps more than I have allowed in my criticisms in this review), and his book is interesting and contributes to the evolving literature on post-9/11 al Qaeda. His personality profile approach that composes the majority of the volume along with his rigorous arguments make this book an important and enjoyable contribution.


This chapter deals with the interface between Syntax and Pragmatics by examining argument fronting in Old Irish non-poetic Glosses. Relying on lexical and contextual indicators of discourse function, three Information Structure patterns can be identified: aboutness topic; contrastive topic; and focus. Aboutness and contrastive topic are often resumed and do not mark relativization on the verb, suggesting that they are left dislocation structures. Focus is most commonly expressed through clefts, although clefts in Old Irish can be morphologically opaque. Modern Irish has all these structures besides a non-clefted focus structure, which is likely derived from interpreting morphologically opaque clefts as topicalization. In sum, this paper argues that Old Irish has a set of productive argument fronting positions with distinct and conventional information structural properties that can be analysed in terms of an articulated left periphery, and that these fronting positions are the direct ancestors of fronting positions in Modern Irish.


Human voice has been the focus of study for different areas of science. As research shows, much interest already exists in the electronics research community for developing and integrating speech technology to a variety of applications, ranging from voice-activated systems to automatic telephone transactions. Two examples, a wearable context awareness component and a sensor-board, show how sensor-based perception can be implemented. It is also discussed how situational context can be exploited to improve input and output of mobile devices. The fastest and most straightforward way of communication for mankind is the voice. The purpose of this paper is to present the particularities of voice-based intelligent natural language interface in the unique conditions found in environment. In this paper the term "intelligent natural language interface" is defined. This approach allows us to remake up a word with speaker independence. The system will be an AI program which will accept verbal inputs and tries to understand its meaning and provides response accordingly in verbal form. Furthermore, it is proposed the use of a compiler with type 2 grammar according to the Chomsky hierarchy to support the syntactic and semantic structure in English language. Our experiments suggest that the spoken natural language improves notably the natural language interface when compared with traditional input methods such as: mouse or keyboard.


Background Ukraine has the highest HIV and HCV rates in Europe. Initially driven by unsafe injection use, more recent studies have documented the ongoing transmission of HIV via unprotected sex work. This paper describes the profile of clients of female sex workers (FSWs) in eastern Ukraine and their HIV and HCV prevalence and risk factors. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional bio-behavioural survey of clients of FSWs recruited from sex worker hotspots in Dnipro, Ukraine. Inclusion criteria was men aged 18 and older who purchased sex services from a FSW (N = 370). The prevalence of HIV and HCV among clients was determined by serology from dried blood spots. Descriptive statistics of socio-demographic and sexual behavior are presented with univariate analysis for association. Results The median age of clients was 32 (IQR 27–38) and the median age at first purchase of sex was 22 (IQR 19–27). Thirty-three percent of respondents were living with a regular sex partner. The mean number of sex services purchased in the past 6 months was 4.85 (SD 3.50), from 4.11 (SD 2.95) different FSWs. A mean of 2.1 hotspots were visited in the past 12 months (SD 1.6). Fourteen (3.8%) respondents reported ever injecting drugs. Two hundred and eight (56.2%) clients had ever tested for HIV. HIV and HCV prevalence was 2.4% (9) and 6.5% (24) respectively, yet only 33% (3/9) of people living with HIV reported knowing their status. Binge drinking was associated with both HIV and HCV prevalence; 8.2% of widowed/divorced respondents tested positive for HIV (p=0.003). Conclusion The HIV prevalence among clients is almost three times the general population in Ukraine. Further, the frequency of sex work visits and the high number of sex workers visited, suggests a diffuse network with potential for wide transmission of HIV and HCV. Disclosure No significant relationships.


The paper establishes a methodology and tool for modeling and describing functionality and security of an IoT. The approach allows the secure modeling, design, and validation of functional requirements, security requirements, specification, and constraints using a software engineering and digital twin prototyping concepts.


BACKGROUND: It is recommended that HIV re-testing should be done at third trimester, labour and at six months postpartum. Reports indicate low rates of HIV re-testing among women after delivery. The study assessed the uptake of HIV re-testing among women during postpartum after initially testing negative at ANC clinic in Ubungo district, Dar es salaam.

METHOD: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among women who delivered during the study period. Data was collected through a standardised questionnaire and secondary data was collected from the Health Information System and ANC cards. SPSS version 28 was used to analyse data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio and to quantify the association.

RESULTS: 426 women participated in the study. The overall HIV re-testing rate was 76.1%, 23.9% did not re-test and 2.1% were infected with HIV after the second test. Married women have higher re-testing rates (52.8%) than single, separated and divorcees. Women aged 25-34 years have significant higher (84.6%) proportion of re-testing for HIV than those < 25 and those > 34 years of age (p<0.001). Other significant predictors for HIV re-testing were women who made at least five or more visits to ANC and those who knew the HIV status of their partners.

CONCLUSION: HIV re-testing has not reached the Tanzania national target of 95%. Efforts to sensitise communities on the importance of early ANC booking at ANC and re-testing for HIV during labour, delivery and postpartum should be enhanced.


Transverse vaginal septum is a rare congenital anomaly that results from incomplete fusion of the vaginal components of the Mullerian ducts and the urogenital sinus. The septum can vary in thickness and may be located anywhere along the vagina, although most are found at the junction of upper and mid-vagina. Clinical presentation depends on whether it is complete or partial. Cervical agenesis is a very rare condition often associated with atresia of vagina. Clinical diagnosis is usually difficult before surgery. With complete agenesis, menstrual blood accumulates and distends structures above it after puberty, resulting in hematocolpos and hematometra. Such patients usually present with cyclical lower abdominal pain with primary amenorrhea. Occasionally a lower abdominal mass (hematometra) is palpable. Imaging has an dispensible role in distinguishing transverse vaginal septum from the more common imperforate hymen and agenesis or severe hypoplasia of the cervix.


Implementation of Public Information Disclosure in Creating Good Governance at Andalas University. In line with the demands for reform, good governance comes in the form of a new transplant which is expected to be able to take care of the bureaucracy which has been represented as a bureaucracy full of acts of corruption and abuse of power. Transparency is an important aspect of governance that demands an increasingly open and transparent government system. The enactment of the Information Disclosure Act is one aspect to increase public oversight of the government system. Writing this journal is intended to be able to provide an overview by analyzing the implementation of public information disclosure in realizing good governance at Andalas University as a government institution that is to provide the information needed in the implementation of higher education. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods, while for data collection techniques in this research study the authors conducted interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of Public Information Disclosure in Creating Good Governance at Andalas University is still not running optimally, this is caused by communication that does not go well, inadequate resources.


An analysis of over 100 balsam fir [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.] stands has shown some effects of spruce budworm defoliation on regeneration after clearcutting. Even though softwood stocking was consistently high prior to harvesting operations, longer infestation periods or more severe defoliation levels led to a decrease in the stocking of softwood stems above 50 cm height and to the establishment and development of hardwood advance growth. Hardwoods were more often in a dominant position in the most severely damaged stands and the budworm effect was still persistent on the regeneration structure even 5 years after logging. Cutovers with less than 60% stocking were also more frequent in the most severely devastated fir stands. This situation seemed directly related to the impact of the spruce budworm on balsam fir advance growth. Key words: balsam fir, Choristoneura fumiferana, advance growth, clearcutting


A fully-digital servo system based on ADMC401 is introduced in this paper.FPGA is used to drive IGBT and to deal with error protection,while single chip microcontroller 89C52 is used to show the system operation.ADMC401 communicate with host computer through sercos interface.Using FOC technique,the system can aquire good control property.The function and realization of system software and hardware is emphasised in this paper.


AIM: To study the expression of fragile histidine triad(Fhit) in endometriosis(EM) and adenomyosis(AM). METHODS: Immunohistochemical SP staining was used to examine the expression of Fhit in the ectopic endometrium of 36 cases of endometriosis(EM group) and eutopic endometrium of 22 cases of adenomyosis(AM group), as well as endometrium of 15 cases of hysteromyoma(control group). RESULTS: Mean optical density(MOD) of EM group showed no difference from that of AM group(P0.05). Expression of Fhit of EM/AM endometrium was lower than that of normal endometrium significantly(P0.05). Fhit of eutopic and ectopic endometrium in proliferative phase showed no difference from that in secretory phase(P0.05). Fhit of ectopic endometrium showed significant difference between different r-AFS stages(P0.05). Negative correlation was found between Fhit expression and r-AFS stage(r=-0.40,P0.05). CONCLUSION: Fhit may play an important role in the development of endometriosis and adenomyosis.


Gottlob Frege famously rejects the methodology for consistency and independence proofs offered by David Hilbert in the latter's Foundations of Geometry. The present essay defends against recent criticism the view that this rejection turns on Frege's understanding of logical entailment, on which the entailment relation is sensitive to the contents of non-logical terminology. The goals are (a) to clarify further Frege's understanding of logic and of the role of conceptual analysis in logical investigation, and (b) to point out the extent to which his understanding of logic differs importantly from that of the model-theoretic tradition that grows out of Hilbert's work.


The article examines the actualization of the game with the Time and history in concepts of "history" of the French writers M. Druon, Th. Gautier on materials of historical novels «Iron king» and «Captain Fracasse».


The turbulent velocity distributions along different vertical lines under various flow discharges in cross section of Huanglingmiao Hydrologic Station, located at the main stream of Yangtze River, are measured by using an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler(ADCP). The analyses of measurement data show that the probability distribution of fluctuating velocity in fully developed turbulent region is approximately in the form of Gaussian curve but it changes to skew distribution in the vicinity of riverbed where strong shear turbulence is taken place. The turbulence intensity is uniformly distributed in the range of relative flow depth bigger than 0.4, but it increases in the vicinity of riverbed and drops down sharply at the bottom.


Air pollution is one of the major problems caused by urban growth, and both industrial and automobile emissions have been the main causes of air quality deterioration in cities since the beginning ...


The traditional people's belief in God as the Supreme Cause of the universe can be expressed in various ways. The methods used are the inner representation of traditional society of the existence of a God who created the heavens and the earth. The Lamaholot people refer to God as Rera Wulan Tana Ekan 'Creator of Heaven and Earth' in a cultural perspective. Rera Wulan Tana Ekan in the perspective of Lamaholot culture is the Highest Being who is believed to have perfect abilities such as creating, maintaining, maintaining, even destroying. These particularities of Rera Wulan Tana Ekan are the basis for the importance of intense communication between humans and Rera Wulan Tana Ekan God'. Ri'e Hikun Liman Wanan 'right hand corner of the house' is a medium of human communication with Rera Wulan Tana Ekan 'God'.


In the light of the major problems existing in the current laser engraving image processing software such as lack of third-dimension and lifelikeness, missing detail information, having pattern trace, this thesis using visual characteristics of the human eye, the pattern dithering method in print areas apply to the process of gray image field of laser engraving. In addition, improvement on the traditional dithering method, pattern matrix becomes homogeneous matrix by calculating, solves the problem of trace pattern, and improves the quality of carving. KeywordsLaser Carving ; Threshold ; Tseudo-Gray ; Image processing ; Digital halftoning technique


The establishment of collective management organizations (CMO) has been envisaged in draft of comprehensive act for protection of literary and artistic ownership and related rights by the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance of Iran. At the moment, no such organizations or similar institutions exist in Iran. Due to the lack of legislative background as well as lack of practice of such organizations, and particularly due to the importance of CMOs in commercialization of the works that are subject to copyright and related rights, it is necessary that their structures and functions are determined by law. Since CMOs manage the rights of the creators and the Ministry is the authority to provide the protection for the right holders, it is essential that the role of the Ministry of culture and Islamic guidance is clarified in connection with the establishment, structures and functions of CMOs. In this context, the experience of the states such as France because of their similarities with the Iranian legal system is of particular importance. This article tries to examine the establishment process, structures and functions of CMOs in France and analyze their implications to ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance of Iran.


The invention discloses throat clearing oral liquid and a preparation method thereof. The oral liquid is prepared from grosvener siraitia, boat-fruited scaphium seed, mint, dried orange peel, platycodon root and honeysuckle according to a certain weight ratio. The throat clearing oral liquid has the effects of clearing throat and benefiting larynx.


Substantial greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions including methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from inland waters have captured international concern (Barros et al., 2011; Bastviken et al., 2011; Raymond et al., 2013; Panneer Selvam et al., 2014). Global freshwaters are consistently oversaturated with CO2 in contrast to atmospheric level resulting in a significant source of atmospheric CO2 (Raymond et al., 2013). Green house gas emissions from global inland waters are reported to be 0.65 Pg of C (CO2 eq) yr 1 as CH4 (Bastviken et al., 2011) and 1.2–2.1 Pg C yr 1 as CO2 (Raymond et al., 2013). However, global estimates are constrained by data paucity and poor coverage of Asia in particular. Recently Panneer Selvam et al. (2014) showed an impressive estimate of GHG emissions from inland waters in India, yielding a substantial revision of GHG emission from global freshwaters. However, the major rivers such as Ganges–Brahmaputra, Indus and Peninsular rivers are not sampled. Hence, rivers were potentially not representative for the whole of India. Moreover, current estimates suffered from data limitation on reservoirs particularly GHG emission from drawdown zone and reservoir downstream (spillways and turbines), where are recognized to be significant carbon emitters (Lima et al., 2008). This should be another major concern, for example, Lima et al. (2008) estimated annual CH4 emission of 14.2 Tg CH4 yr 1 from India's large dams (4005 dams are modeled), and this data could be 33.4 Tg CH4 yr 1 if spillways/turbines are fully considered (Table 1). Of which, 1.1 Tg CH4 yr 1 was from the reservoir surface, three times higher than the current emission from reservoir/barrage (0.33 Tg CH4 yr ; Panneer Selvam et al., 2014). Here, we identify a gross underestimation of GHG evasion from India with focuses on riverine CO2 emission and GHG from spillways/turbines, providing a revised and arguably more complete account for the emission of GHG from inland freshwaters of India. Aqueous partial pressure of CO2 was consistently higher than atmospheric level (ca. 390 latm), ranging from 640 to 2700 latm (Fig. 1), hence leading to a CO2 flux ranging from 53 to 494 mmol m 2 day 1 in the major rivers of India. Our estimated area weighted CO2 flux was on average 163 mmol m 2 day , which was eightfold higher than the current estimate of 20 mmol m 2 day 1 (Panneer Selvam et al., 2014). Thus, the extrapolated CO2 emission could be 137.6 Tg CO2 yr 1 when the water area of 52 600 km for rivers/streams is considered, implying that Indian rivers/ streams contributed an extra ca. 117.8 Tg CO2 yr 1 to the global CO2 budget. Our extrapolated flux was 38.7% of CO2 emission from rivers and streams of the United States (ca. 355.7 117.3 Tg CO2 yr ; Butman & Raymond, 2011). The estimated 5.94 Tg CH4 yr 1 and 0.71 Tg CO2 yr 1 could be released through spillways/turbines, thus increasing CO2 emission to be 3.08 Tg CO2 yr 1 and CH4 emission to be 6.27 Tg CH4 yr 1 by Indian reservoirs. The estimated CH4 emission was still much lower (ca. 44%) than prior estimate by Lima et al. (2008) (Table 1). In combination with GHG emission from other aquatic systems in India (Panneer Selvam et al., 2014), we derive that a total of 140.52 Tg CO2 yr 1 and 8.07 Tg CH4 yr 1 was released from India's inland waters. Thus, expressed as CO2 equivalents (eq), 342.3 Tg CO2 (eq) is being emitted from India's water bodies. This is equal to around 193.4% of the estimated land sink of 177 Tg CO2 yr 1 in India. If downstream methane emission of 32.4 Tg CH4 yr 1 is used (Lima et al., 2008), the total GHG emission by India's waters could be 1004 Tg CO2 (eq) yr , 5.7 times greater than the land sink of India. Regional level inaccuracy as a result of data limitation and bias in data distribution is the major source behind huge uncertainties for global scale estimates, i.e. 0.5-1.8 Pg C-CO2 yr 1 by global rivers and streams, and 0.32–0.8 Tg C-CO2 yr 1 for lakes and reservoirs (Barros et al., 2011; Raymond et al., 2013; Table 1). However, by utilizing the updated estimates (see Table 1), we are able to provide a revised estimate of GHG evasion as follows: 1.8 Pg C-CO2 yr 1 for rivers and streams (Raymond et al., 2013); 0.8 Pg C-CO2 yr 1 for lakes and reservoirs (Barros et al., 2011); 103.3 Tg CH4 yr 1 for Correspondence: Siyue Li, tel. +61 2 66269235, fax +61 2 6626 9499,


Characteristic properties of backlight arraying electrodeless fluorescent lamps assembled with capacitive coupled electrode connector have been investigated in various frequencies with a switching inverter. In the backlight of a 17-in diagonal with 12 lamps driven by square pulses, the efficiency of 65/spl sim/70 lm/W and the luminance of 5000/spl sim/10 000 cd/m/sup 2/ have been achieved in the frequency range of 40/spl sim/80 kHz where the higher frequency provides the lower operating voltage in the range of 1.0/spl sim/2.0 kV.


■ Wide supply voltage, 1.71 V to 3.6 V ■ Independent IOs supply (1.8 V) and supply voltage compatible ■ Ultra low-power consumption ■ ±2g/±4g/±6g/±8g/±16g dynamically selectable full-scale ■ I2C/SPI digital output interface ■ 16-bit data output ■ Programmable embedded state machines ■ Embedded temperature sensor ■ Embedded self-test ■ Embedded FIFO ■ 10000 g high shock survivability ■ ECOPACK® RoHS and "Green" compliant


The urban water system is a complete ecosystem that has dual function of ecology and landscape.The water body pollution worsens the water quality and makes the urban aquatic environment lose its ecologic function,such as providing water resource,defending flood,etc.The degradation of water system landscape could lower the image of the city.The water system control can not only be limited to pollution control,but also include water environment rehabilitation and landscape beautification.At present,systemic control is the most popular and adoptive method for water pollution control and aquatic environment repair.Systemic control takes the whole water ecosystem as a research object,and,based on diverse water problems,makes all kinds of aquatic environment rehabilitation methods and ecological engineering measures integrated.But,systemic control emphasizes the ecological aspect of engineering design and neglects the main factor in water landscape.Taking landscape elements into account in water synthesized controll is a trend of reearch at home and abroad,so a new method including factors of landscape should be found out.This paper tries to make the "functional control" as a new concept which brings water systemic control and landscape design together.Functional control is an extension of the concept "systemic control".In virtue of GIS and water quality records the water functional control first gives qualitative and quantitative analysis of the water system problems,then chooses some key positions(like water connecting points,badly polluted areas,lakefront etc.),and then selects suitable ecological rehabilitation methods according to water environment rehabilitative theories,makes those projects ecological and landscaping,and finally gives a macroscopical landscape designing project of the urban water system. This study aims to give a new view that we should think about landscape factors in water control and pollution will never be the only problem that we should take into account.Basing on theories of Water Environment Rehabilitation,Landscape Ecology,Environmental Aesthetics and Ecosystem Services,this paper brings forward a method frame of water functional control,and makes an application of it to the Hanyang water system.The case study shows that through functional control,not only the water quality but also the landscape of the Hanyang water system has been improved,which is important to urban areas.This means that doing water environment repair and landscape design at the same time is better than doing them separately.


Abstract : Operational tests were performed on the Airport Surface Detection Equipment (ASDE)-3 radar. Three teams of air traffic controllers, two per team, with current field ASDE-2 experience, were used as test subjects. The controllers were from the Eastern and New England Regions. These tests were conducted to determine the extent to which the ASDE-3 met requirements as presented by the Air Traffic Service and what the controllers' opinions were of the radar. Tests conducted were: airport surface coverage, capability, target detection as a function of speed between aircraft and aircraft to obstruction resolution, target size and shape determination, standing target heading, and runway clearance. (Author)


This paper investigates how institutions can promote access to knowledge, especially scientific knowledge, both to Academia and to citizens, protecting rights and freedoms of those involved, avoiding the risk of manipulation of democracy. The digital revolution is having a huge impact on the production and dissemination of knowledge, such that it has identified the shift towards a new paradigm of science, represented by the paradigm of Open Science. In this scenario, three levels of problems that institutions must face in order to design a clear and effective policy have been identified: (1) the infrastructural, technological layer; (2) the governance layer; and (3) the legal layer, inherent to the legal institutions involved. This research is embedded in the debate on the role played by institutions in ensuring access to information and knowledge, in accordance with fundamental rights guaranteed at European and international level.


Trade unionists and academic experts increasingly support the view that European Industry Federations should take a leading role in the Europeanization of collective bargaining. This article investigates whether this is a plausible prospect for the European chemical industry. Drawing on collaborative research between the European Trade Union Institute (ETUI) and the European Mine, Chemical and Energy Workers Federation (EMCEF), the article presents a comparative synopsis of industrial relations in five European countries, including recent strategic developments at EMCEF level. The study confirms the importance of national resources and steering power at sector level, especially in relation to monitoring decentralized flexibility. However, despite growing interest in transnational labour cooperation, the conclusion is that progress towards Europeanization is so far modest. More attention in the research agenda, it is then argued, should be directed to how transnational collective bargaining can be achieved.


An interest in the problems of improving productivity in all the processes of construction led to an ASCE invitational conference on the subject in August 1976. The proceedings of that conference, preprinted for the participants, offered valuable suggestions for improving productivity, as reviewed herein. The conference itself created a momentum within ASCE, its newly established Engineering Management Division, and many of its members who continue to press for improved productivity as an engineering problem, a management problem.


Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common and important clinical pathological process in many different organ systems, including heart, liver, brain, lung, kidney, and intestine. It is a highly complex cascade of events that includes interactions between interstitial compartments, circulating cells, vascular, endothelium, and numerous biochemical entities. It is well established that the innate immune system, such as complement, cytokines, chemokines, neutrophils, and macrophages participate in IRI. But recent data demonstrated an important role for lymphocytes, particularly T cells in IRI. Lymphocytes not only participate in augmenting injury responses after IRI, but could also be playing a protective role depending on the cell type and stage of injury. Furthermore, lymphocytes can take part in the healing response from IRI. These new data open the possibility for lymphocyte targeted therapeutics to improve the short and long term outcomes from IRI.


Based on the problems through the industrial enterprise actual operation encountered in the process and the study of existing problems of equipment and technology updatation,the article analyzed the situation of equipment improving and clarified that technical updating and improvement were critical to enhance the equipment operation besides operation and maintenance in the industrial enterprise implementation in the long run.Thus,it had further clarified the necessity of technical management and its position,and also provided effective and reliable means for improving equipment management level.


Guilt, Attribution of Responsibility, and Resolution of the Divorce Crisis (May 1978) Linda Ceriale Peterson B.S., Fairleigh Dickinson University M.A., New York University Ed.D., University of Massachusetts Directed by: Professor John W. Wideman Divorce is a major social problem, on the increase, and usually generating personal crises for those involved. Yet crises are occa¬ sions for personal growth if a person can resolve them constructively. This study was designed to answer three main questions regarding the resolution of the divorce crisis. Firstly, what is the relationship between guilt and the resolution of the divorce crisis? The literature suggests, according to the prevailing societal attitudes, that divorce is a wrongful act in failing to maintain the marriage. Hence, people who have a predisposition to over-reacting to societal attitudes and find themselves incapacitated by a chronic state of guilt, may have dif¬ ficulty resolving the divorce crisis. Secondly, what is the relationship between single attribution of responsibility (to self, to ex-spouse, or to external factors) and the resolution of the divorce crisis? The literature supports the no¬ tion that attributing responsibility, i.e., assigning cause, is an on-


Abstract Recently, the concept of generalized entropy has been widely studied in the literature of information theory for left and right truncated random variables. In the present paper, we consider a doubly truncated generalized entropy of order . It is shown that the proposed measure uniquely determines the distribution function and quite a few distributions have been characterized. Further, we study some bounds for generalized interval entropy of order and obtain its properties. Most of the results available in the literature in this direction can be obtained as particular cases of our general results. An application of the proposed measure in context of reliability modeling is also investigated.


Electric vehicles (EVs) are one of the most promising applications that are reshaping the future urban mobility market and benefitting the urban environment. Analyzing the adoption of EVs helps both vehicle sales market management and urban transportation-related environmental cost estimation. Previous studies have shown that EV adoption is mostly affected by the economic environment and users' psychological factors; however, both factors vary among specific urban transportation networks. This paper thus proposes network-related vehicle operating cost functions and a logit-based choice model, which considers both the economic environment and users' psychological factors at a network level. The model can thus estimate the vehicle adoption for specific networks. Numerical experiments and sensitivity analyses were conducted to illustrate the proposed method and provide practical insights in estimating EV adoption, respectively. The results suggest that EV adoption greatly varies among different cities.


Against the prevailing view that Paul is (at most) marginally influenced by Greek intellectual traditions, this article argues that Romans 6…8 manifests certain Platonic traditions about the soul. Following a consideration of scholarship on Pauline anthropology and a critical definition of discourse, Paul's appropriation of Greek philosophy is recast as the adaptation of a Platonic discourse about extreme immorality or the death of the soul. This discourse explains the language about sin, death, flesh, passions and the body; the metaphors of enslavement, imprisonment and rule that predominate in these chapters; and the inciting role of law in Rom. 7.7-13.


tope analysis. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences 227:137-144. CACCONE, A., G. AMATO, 0. C. GRATRY, J. BEHLER, AND J. R. POWELL. 1999. A molecular phylogeny of four endangered Madagascar tortoises based on mtDNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 12:1-9. CHEKE, A. S. 1987. An ecological history of the Mascarene Islands, with particular reference to extinctions and introductions of land vertebrates. In A. W. Diamond (ed.), Studies of Mascarene Island Birds, pp. 5-89. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. COOPER, A. 1994. DNA from museum specimens. In B. Herrmann and S. Hummel (eds.), Ancient DNA, pp. 149-165. Springer-Verlag, New York. FELSENSTEIN, J. 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39:783-791. FROIDEVAUX, H. 1899. Textes historiques inedits ou peu connus relatifs aux tortues de terre de l'ile Bourbon.). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 5:214-218. GADOW, H. 1894. On the remains of some gigantic land-tortoises, and of an extinct lizard, recently discovered in Mauritius. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 13:313-324. GOODYEAR, P. D., S. MACLAUGHLIN-BLACK, AND I. J. MASON. 1994. A reliable method for the removal of co-purifying PCR inhibitors from ancient DNA. BioTechniques 16:232-235. GUNTHER, A. C. L. G. 1877. The Gigantic Land-Tortoises (Living and Extinct) in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum, London. KOCHER, T. D., W. K. THOMAS, A. MEYER, S. V. EDWARDS, S. PAABO, E X. VILLABLANCA, AND A. C. WILSON. 1989. Dynamics of mitochondrial DNA evolution in animals: amplification and sequencing with conserved primers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A 86:6196-6200. MOMONT, L. 1998. Les tortues des Mascareignes: analyse phylogenetique fondee sur le s6quencage du cytochrome b. Unpubl. thesis, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. MOURER-CHAUVIRE, C., R. BOUR, S. RIBES, AND E MOUTOU. 1999. The avifauna of Reunion island (Mascarene Islands) at the time of the arrival of the first Europeans. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleontology 89:1-38. NORTH-COOMBES, A. 1986. Histoire des tortues de terre de Rodrigues et le mouvement maritime de l'ile de 1601 a 1808. Service Bureau, Port-Louis, Mauritius.


The invention discloses a multifunctional electric toothbrush which comprises a brush head, bristles, a brush rod and a brush holder, wherein the brush rod comprises a connecting sleeve and a connecting shaft, an internal thread hole is formed in the connecting sleeve, an external thread section is arranged on the connecting shaft, the external thread section of the connecting shaft is inserted into the internal thread hole of the connecting sleeve so as to realize threaded connection between the connecting shaft and the connecting sleeve, and a locknut is arranged on the connecting shaft; the brush head is connected with the connecting sleeve, the connecting shaft is connected with an output shaft of a motor, and the motor is arranged on the brush holder; and a plurality of I-shaped grooves are transversely arranged above the brush head at intervals, the bristles are mounted on strip-type I-shaped blocks, the bristles are clamped into the plurality of I-shaped grooves of the brush head one by one through the strip-type I-shaped blocks, and thus the bristles are mounted on the brush head. According to the multifunctional electric toothbrush, the bristles can be detached from the brush head, so that the bristle surfaces and bristles of the brush head can be regularly cleaned; and the length of the brush head, relative to the brush holder, can be adjusted, and the brush head can automatically rotate relative to the brush holder, so that the degree of automation is high.


Galli, Alessandra. Sustainable public procurement at UTFPR: Case study on Curitiba Campus – University Administration Headquarters. Mixed type exploratory and descriptive study (quantitative and qualitative) for the Federal Technological University of Parana. Curitiba / PR. 2014. 319 p. (Doctorate in Technology) – Graduate Program in Technology, Federal Technological University of Parana, Curitiba, 2014. This research focuses on the analysis of public procurements made by the Federal Technology University of Parana (Universidade Tecnologica Federal do Parana – UTFPR) from the perspective of the Sustainable Society, the Technological Education and the Science of Law. The main objective was to verify by applying these guiding theoretical aspects – named herein as Analysis Units – whether UTFPR purchases can be considered as Sustainable Public Procurements. The methodology employed for it has been a case study based on a mixed type (quantitative and qualitative) exploratory and descriptive research. Based on the analysis of 507 records of electronic auctions conducted by UTFPR in the chosen period, it was found that, out of the 14,758 items purchased, very few of them contained specific references to sustainability. According to these results, reference guidelines were specifically drawn for the case of the UTFPR Public Procurements. The purpose has been to contribute to this higher education technological institution so that it can demonstrate a clear commitment with the current rules and principles of Environmental Law and the Sustainable Society, becoming a model for other institutions performing public procurement.


This note reviews recent World Bank experience with projects using results-based lending in Social Protection and Labor (SP&L) in preparation for stepped-up engagement under the proposed Program-for-Results (P4R). The P4R is expected to be launched in 2012. Given the already strong use of P4R-type approaches in SP&L, the portfolio focus on sectoral reform as shown from the SP&L results readiness review, and the emphasis on SP&L systems in the new SP&L Strategy, this type of lending instrument is likely to be in high demand by SP&L clients. This note is intended as a resource for task teams in SP&L interested in a quick update on results-based lending in the sector and features two case studies: the Bangladesh Employment Generation Program for the Poorest Project and the Romania Social Assistance System Modernization Project.


This book is a collection of new essays, with the general objective of filling a gap in the literature about sex and science fiction. Although some work has been published, none of it is recent. The essays herein explore the myriad ways in which authors writing in the genre, regardless of format (e.g., print, film, television, etc.), envision very different beings expressing this most fundamental of human behaviors.


The "Knowles affair" has brought into sharp relief several crucial questions regarding national leadership for health. Particularly important are the relation and the division of function among the designees of the administration in political power and the career professionals. There are some who argue that combining these functions — that is, having the political appointee responsible also for technical decisions — not only offers greater possibility of rapid change in direction to correspond with administrative policy but also prevents the complacency and lack of innovation that may follow when permanent staff make all the decisions. The changes undertaken by Secretaries . . .


Introduction: Aggressive T cell lymphomas (TCL) are a heterogenous group of lymphomas that are frequently associated with poor outcomes. Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is recommended according to the NCCN guidelines and by practice standards for most subtypes as a consolidation for patients in first remission. A large prospective study of up-front ASCT by the Nordic Lymphoma group identified age, ECOG performance status <2, and bone marrow involvement as important prognostic factors. We have identified peripheral blood involvement by flow cytometry at diagnosis in up to one third of patients with aggressive TCL and analyzed whether this was a prognostic factor for outcomes after ASCT.
 Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from consecutively treated patients (pts) with aggressive T-cell lymphomas who underwent ASCT at our institution from July 2009 to February 2019. Patient and disease characteristics were summarized using descriptive statistics. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate progression free survival (PFS) that was defined as the time from SCT to the first evidence of recurrence, and overall survival (OS) that was defined as the time from SCT to death or last institutional follow up with a hematologist. We collected data on age, co-morbidities, disease subtype, stage, response to therapy and treatment both pre and post SCT. Flow cytometry was obtained at diagnosis and phenotype of atypical circulating cells was compared with immunophenotype from tumor biopsy specimens.
 Results: 50 pts with TCL who received ASCT were identified for this analysis. Of this population, 41 (80%) of pts had peripheral blood flow available at the time of initial diagnosis. T-cell lymphoma types included peripheral T cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL NOS, 17 pts), angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITCL, 15pts), ALK negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL, 1pt), enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma (EATL, 2pts), extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL, 2pts) and panniculitis like T cell lymphoma (2 pts) (Table 1). Median age of the cohort was 62 years (range 20-75 years) and all patients included had an ECOG PS 0-1 at the time of diagnosis. The majority had stage 4 disease (36/41, 87.8%), but analysis included a small number of patients with stage 2 (1/41, 2.4%) and stage 3 (4/41,9.7%) disease. Bone marrow involvement by morphologic criteria was noted on bone marrow biopsy in 8/41 (19.5%) pts; bone marrow was negative in 28/41 or 61% pts and not evaluated in 8/41 or 19.5% pts. Flow cytometry of peripheral blood performed as part of initial staging was positive for circulating malignant cells in 13/41 pts (31.7%) at the time of diagnosis. All patients underwent ASCT in first remission. The median PFS and OS were 15.2 and 29.9 months respectively in the flow positive group, while neither median PFS nor OS were reached in the flow negative group (Figures 1 and 2). Flow cytometry results from time of diagnosis was not strongly associated with PFS (log rank, p = 0.39), however, it was associated with overall survival (log rank, p = 0.012). There were 11 deaths in the cohort- 4 in the flow negative group and 7 in the flow positive group. Further, when bone marrow involvement was evaluated, 7 of 13 pts with positive flow cytometry (53.8%) and 5 of 28 (17.8%) pts with negative flow cytometry had BM involvement, suggesting a correlation between positive bone marrow and detection of lymphoma cells in the peripheral blood at the time of diagnosis.
 Conclusions: We demonstrate in our cohort of patients that detection of circulating lymphoma cells at diagnosis by flow cytometry was associated with a worse outcome in patients with aggressive T cell lymphomas undergoing ASCT as a consolidation in first remission. Larger cohorts will be needed to validate these findings, but these results suggest peripheral blood involvement by sensitive flow cytometry may identify patients with worse outcomes who might benefit from a more aggressive strategy such as allogeneic stem cell transplantation or alternative consolidation strategies.

 Huntington: Bayer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pharmacyclics: Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; DTRM Biopharm: Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy; AbbVie: Consultancy. Isufi:Celgene: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Astra Zeneca: Consultancy. Foss:Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Other: fees for non-CME/CE services ; Mallinckrodt: Consultancy; miRagen: Consultancy; Spectrum: Other: fees for non-CME/CE services ; Eisai: Consultancy; Acrotech: Consultancy.


This paper considers the problem of routing packets across a multi-hop network consisting of multiple sources of traffic and wireless links with stochastic reliability while ensuring bounded expected delay. Each packet transmission can be overheard by a random subset of receiver nodes among which the next relay is selected opportunistically. The main challenge in the design of minimum-delay routing policies is balancing the trade-off between routing the packets along the shortest paths to the destination and distributing traffic across the network. Opportunistic variants of shortest path routing may, under heavy traffic scenarios, result in severe congestion and unbounded delay. While the opportunistic variants of backpressure, which ensure a bounded expected delay, are known to exhibit poor delay performance at low to medium traffic conditions. Combining important aspects of shortest path routing with those of backpressure routing, this paper provides an opportunistic routing policy with congestion diversity (ORCD). ORCD uses a measure of draining time to opportunistically identify and route packets along the paths with an expected low overall congestion. Previously, ORCD was proved to ensure a bounded expected delay for all networks and under any admissible traffic (without any knowledge of traffic statistics). This paper proposes practical implementations and discusses criticality of various aspects of the algorithm. Furthermore, the expected delay encountered by the packets in the network under ORCD is compared against known existing routing policies via simulations where substantial improvements are observed.


This review involves the mechanisms of resistance of insects to biopesticides and the strategies to delay and decline the resistance. It has been shown that some insects produce resistance by different ways. Such. as: 1) The inhabitation of insects hemolymph to the cells of bio-pesticide such as B.t. 2)High proteolytic activity to toxin by various proteinases from insects; 3) Precipitation of toxin by proteins in insects midgut; 4) Enhancement of the recovery ability of midgut epitheioulium; 5)The reduced binding of the toxin to the midgut acceptors. Comprehensive treatments should be used to reduce the insect resistance to bio - insecticide: selecting high toxic strains (B. t) ; using insecticides scientifically; engineering plants by different ways to overexpress B. t toxic protein to confer resistance to transgenic plants against B.- resistant insects.


The treatment of any disease, as a matter of course, is largely based upon its pathogenesis; and while we may safely assume that at least 90 per cent, of the cases of tabes dorsalis have an antecedent syphilitic history, yet it is not a true syphilitic disease, for in the remaining percentage of cases other etiologic factors are at work, among which are trauma, the acute infections, alcoholism, and the auto-intoxications, so that we may call the disease rather a degenerative sequela of these various processes, and we know not whether the disease begins in the neurons, in the connective tissue, or in the blood vessels. But let it begin where it may, the resultant is a sclerosis terminating in hypertrophy of the connective tissue and a destruction of the sensory neurons of the spinal cord. I am of the opinion that with many a too gloomy prognosis is made.


The present invention provides a method of producing raspberry tea extract more thereof, is Ampelopsis Spear vine leaves dried, pulverized, microwave extraction, macroporous resin was separated and concentrated under reduced pressure through the column effluent, was washed with ethanol and concentrated alcohol precipitation, alcohol precipitation was dried, yielding raspberry tea polysaccharide extract; eluted analytical, analytical collected eluent was concentrated and the concentrate spray dried to give a tea extract total flavonoids raspberry; analytical eluant ultrafiltrate, another reverse osmosis membrane, the retentate was concentrated, added 3 to 5% charcoal, pressure filtration, and the filtrate was crystallized ling, centrifugal dewatering and dried in vacuo to give crude product dihydromyricetin. The present invention advantageously grape plant resources for utilization Ampelopsis which microwave is extracted with water as a medium, and eluting macroporous resin membrane separation method, it is advantageous to reduce the amount of organic solvent used, reduce energy consumption, reduce production costs and reduce environmental pollution.


The world has been witness to several countries adopting to tourism as one of the important engines of several country's growth, more so required for the fast developing nations as India and China. The analysis of Asia's recent economic performance; and that in the medium term, continued weakness in external demand and moderated growth in the People's Republic of China and India, mean economies in the region must diversify their growth drivers. This means that a vibrant service sector is needed for broad economic benefits, including the creation of jobs for women and underprivileged, in particular, thus supporting inclusive growth – Travel and tourism as the leading vibrant service sector is an answer for the fast growing economies as India and China. They are seen as a valuable means for economic development and employment creation, particularly in areas that are rural or less developed. Further, Travel & Tourism is predicted to generate an extra 69 million net jobs by 2021, including direct, indirect and induced employment (Economic Impact of Travel & Tourism: WTTC, 2011). Almost 4 in 5 of these jobs are expected to be in Asia (excluding Japan), Latin America, the Middle East and Africa. The study is an attempt for call for the deeper evaluation of two most developing economies of China and India around their available resources and practical areas of generation of new resources under such a high job expectation in the sector.


The author of the article reviews the main stages of the foundation and legalization of Russian public prosecution activity. The principles of pre-Soviet period public prosecution functioning are analyzed in the article.


Starting from the people-based principle and ability-based principle, this paper emphatically discusses the necessity and important function of"librarian first"concept in the management of university library.


At present, BPOM Pekanbaru, in the field of inspection, still uses manual methods for archiving and tracking. Therefore, employees need a long time to do archives because they are still inputted into the Microsoft Excel application. Besides that, to know the status of the submission letter, employees have to go back and forth asking and checking documents from related parties to see whether it has been followed up or not. The purpose of this research is intended for employees who have access rights to make it easier to do archives. For employee tracking activities, it is enough to check the status of the system regarding the progress of the letter and whether it has been followed up or not. The method used is a waterfall; this method is suitable for archiving and tracking problems in the inspection division because it starts from the stages of problem analysis, system design, building the system, and testing the system that has been built. The results of this study are in the form of an archive and tracking information system in the inspection division so that employees can be facilitated in archiving and monitoring documents that have been submitted.


In this paper we give a definition for quantum Kolmogorov complexity. In the classical setting, the Kolmogorov complexity of a string is the length of the shortest program that can produce this string as its output. It is a measure of the amount of innate randomness (or information) contained in the string. We define the quantum Kolmogorov complexity of a qubit string as the length of the shortest quantum input to a universal quantum Turing machine that produces the initial qubit string with high fidelity. The definition of P. Vitanyi (2000) measures the amount of classical information, whereas we consider the amount of quantum information in a qubit string. We argue that our definition is natural and is an accurate representation of the amount of quantum information contained in a quantum state.


This study attempts to explore the role of perivascular fibrosis in remote myocardium in development of congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods: Eighty-seven Sprague Dawley male rats (200g) were us...


Catastrophic caldera collapse following a large volcanic eruption or subsurface magmatic outflow is associated with very large displacements on ring faults. The slip resistance or friction on the ring faults is, thus, a key mechanical property that controls the collapse. However, the dynamic friction on the ring faults during caldera collapse remains unknown. Here, we show that dynamic weakening of ring faults caused by frictional melting can play a critical role in the catastrophic collapse of volcanoes. From direct observations of the ring fault of the ancient Jangsan caldera in southeastern Korea, we identified a layer of solidified frictional melt (or pseudotachylyte) measuring ~0.1 m thick. The dynamic friction (expressed as the ratio of shear to normal stress) estimated from the layer, based on high-velocity shear tests and analyses of microstructures and materials, was lower than 0.1. Given the low resistance, it follows that an extraordinarily large fault slip (>100 m) causing a large earthquake was possible during the formation of the ancient caldera. We conclude that the dynamic weakness of ring faults should be incorporated in mechanical models of caldera collapses. INTRODUCTION The formation of a caldera, defined as a collapse structure in a volcano formed by the subsidence of roof rocks over an evacuated magma chamber, is a highly dynamic geological event (Branney and Acocella, 2015). Caldera formation follows, or is concurrent with, large volcanic eruptions or lateral magmatic outflow (e.g., Cole et al., 2005). Because the large displacement of the roof rocks occurs mostly along the ring faults (i.e., caldera-bounding, circular, steeply dipping faults), the friction on the faults should be considered in mechanical models of caldera collapse (Stix and Kobayashi, 2008). Once underpressure or overpressure has built up within a magma chamber (Gudmundsson, 1988; Cashman and Giordano, 2014), collapse of the roof rocks may be initiated by the formation of, and slip on, ring faults. For continued collapse to be possible with large displacements on the ring faults, the shear resistance or friction on the faults should decrease with increasing displacement. Seismological and geodetic observations of active volcanoes (Mori and McKee, 1987; Bathke et al., 2013) and analog and numerical modeling (Acocella, 2007) have significantly improved our understanding of caldera collapse. However, these approaches alone, without field observations of ring faults, are unable to fully constrain the fault zone processes and frictional properties of the faults that may control the collapse. We investigated an outcrop of a ring fault of the Cretaceous Jangsan caldera in southeastern Korea, which formed in a volcanic arc setting (Yun et al., 2010; Chough and Sohn, 2010). This ring fault has been deeply eroded and exhumed, and portions of the fault that were situated at depth (<5 km) during the caldera collapse are now exposed. Along the fault, we found a thick (up to ~10 cm) layer of pseudotachylyte (PST), that is, a fault rock solidified from friction-induced melting. The presence of the PST indicates a large temperature rise due to rapid slip during the caldera collapse. We estimated the shear resistance on the ring fault during caldera collapse by integrating field observations, materials and microstructural analyses of the PST, and frictional melting experiments. PSEUDOTACHYLYTE IN THE RING FAULT The Jangsan caldera (~8–9 km in diameter, including intrusions) was formed during explosive felsic eruptions in the Late Cretaceous. The pyroclastic volcanic succession in the center, which mainly consists of rhyolitic tuff (K-Ar whole-rock age of 67 ± 4 Ma; Yun and Sang, 1994), is surrounded by rhyolitic ring intrusions (Fig. 1A). A ring fault is observed between the dacitic wall rocks (or silicified andesite from precaldera volcanics) and the rhyolitic intrusions (Fig. 1B; too thin to be displayed along the boundary between the dacite and the volcanic succession in Fig. 1A), and it strikes northeast with a near-vertical dip (88°–90°). The PST layer varies in thickness (from <1 cm to ~10 cm) along the fault (Figs. 1C and 1D). The bulk chemical composition of the PST is very similar to that of the dacitic wall rock and is intimately associated with a brownish, thermally altered zone (TA in Fig. 1) of the cataclastic wall rock. Also, the dark-gray to black PST is associated with light-colored tuffisite (TF; or intrusive tuff; see Fig. 1). The PST has a dacitic composition with a matrix composed of subhedral to euhedral feldspars, chlorite, and Fe-oxides. The TF has a rhyolitic chemical composition and consists mainly of lapilli-sized, quartzofeldspathic fragments and light-colored groundmass. The cuspate boundary of the PST (Fig. 1D) and some mingling structures (not shown in this paper) observed along the boundary between the PST and TF indicate that the intrusion of TF into the fault zone started before the solidification of the frictional melt layer. On the other hand, the PST is sharply intruded and detached by the TF in some other places, indicating that TF intrusion continued after significant cooling of the Manuscript received 18 June 2018 Revised manuscript received 16 November 2018 Manuscript accepted 22 November 2018 https://doi.org/10.1130/G45687.1 © 2019 The Authors. Gold Open Access: This paper is published under the terms of the CC-BY license. Published online 4 January 2019 CITATION: Han, R., et al., 2019, Dynamic weakening of ring faults and catastrophic caldera collapses: Geology, v. 47, p. 107–110, https://doi.org/10.1130/G45687.1. Downloaded from https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-pdf/47/2/107/4617138/107.pdf by guest on 11 July 2019 108 www.gsapubs.org | Volume 47 | Number 2 | GEOLOGY | Geological Society of America frictional melt (Figs. DR2 and DR3 in the GSA Data Repository1; see also Fig. 3C). At the microscopic scale, the clasts in the PST are dominantly rounded or subrounded (Fig. 2A). The aphanitic matrix consists mainly of ultrafine grains of feldspar, chlorite, quartz, and magnetite. Subhedral or euhedral feldspar grains (mostly a few micrometers in size) in the matrix show chemical zoning, indicating their primary crystallization from a frictional melt of heterogeneous composition (Fig. 2B). Some spiral-shaped objects formed by clasts with cataclastic tails indicate that the central volcanic succession of the caldera was downthrown with respect to the wall rocks (Fig. 2C). The chilled margins of pyroclastic dikes may look like PSTs. Our observations, however, indicate that the PST in the study area was generated by frictional melting of the dacitic wall rocks, not by rapid cooling of the TF, as evidenced by: (1) the similar chemistry of the PST to that of the dacite; (2) the TF intruding the PST; (3) no grain size decrease toward the boundary of the TF; and (4) reproduction of the natural PST by the experimental frictional melting of dacite (see Figs. 3B and 3C). DYNAMIC SHEAR RESISTANCE DURING CALDERA COLLAPSE The shear resistance on a ring fault coated by a frictional melt layer may be calculated as τf = ηV/w, where τf is the shear stress (Pa), η is the melt viscosity (Pa·s), V is the slip rate (m/s), and w is the melt thickness (m), assuming that the melt behaves like a Newtonian fluid. To constrain η and V and to estimate τf, we conducted high-velocity rotary shear experiments, slip zone temperature measurements, and chemical 1 GSA Data Repository item 2019045, description of the methods used in the study, supplementary tables, and supplementary figures, is available online at http:// www.geosociety.org/datarepository/2019/, or on request from firstname.lastname@example.com. and microstructural analyses of both natural and experimentally formed PSTs. Our approach was to estimate V, which is difficult to measure from natural PST, by combining our experimental data with theoretical work on frictional melts (Nielsen et al., 2008) and estimating η using the measured temperatures, chemical composition data, and microstructural data (e.g., clast fraction; see Fig. DR1 for the details). We conducted the rotary shear experiments on solid cylinders (25 mm in diameter) of the dacitic rock sampled near the natural PST. The tests were performed with a high-velocity rotary shear apparatus (Hirose and Shimamoto, 2005) at room temperature and room humidity. Two tests were performed at a normal stress (σn) of 10 MPa and a V of 0.2 and 0.7 m/s to measure both the shear stress (τss) and melt layer thickness (w) under steady state (dashed boxes in Fig. 3A). Temperature was measured with an infrared radiation thermometer in the four experiments, including the two tests mentioned above (see the methods description in the Data Repository; Table DR1), to determine the melting point of the wall rock (or the temperature at the melt layer boundaries, Tm) and the maximum temperature in the slip zone (TM; e.g., Lee et al., 2017). Because the emissivity (ε) of materials varies with the wavelength of radiation, here we took ε = 0.76 and ε = 1.00 (Ramsey et al., 2012) as end members. Depending on ε, a temperature range was estimated for Tm and TM. Then, we averaged the measured melt boundary temperatures, which was 1071 °C for Tm (see the Data Repository). We note that there is a correlation between TM and clast fraction (φ) in the experimentally formed PST, whereby higher values of TM are associated with lower values of φ (see the Data Repository; Table DR1; Fig. 3). The correlation may be described using the following empirical relationship reported in a previous study on natural PST (Otsuki et al., 2003): TM = Alog(1 – φ) + B, where A and B are constants. The value of TM for the natural PST is difficult to estimate, although various previous attempts have been made (Lin, 2008). Here, instead of 2 km Study area (Fig. 1B) East Sea (Sea of Japan) N 35 .2 0


We have found that cerebral lactate can be detected later than 1 month of age after neonatal encephalopathy (NE) in infants with severe neurodevelopmental impairment at 1 y. Our hypothesis was that persisting lactate after NE is associated with alkalosis and a decreased cell phosphorylation potential. Forty-three infants with NE underwent proton and phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 0.2-56 wk postnatal age. Seventy-seven examinations were obtained: 25 aged <2 wk, 16 aged ≥ 2 to ≤ 4 wk, 25 aged >4 to ≤ 30 wk, and 11 aged >30 wk. Neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed at 1 y of age: 17 infants had a normal outcome and 26 infants had an abnormal outcome. Using univariate linear regression, we determined that increased lactate/creatine plus phosphocreatine (Cr) was associated with an alkaline intracellular pH (pHi) (p < 0.001) and increased inorganic phosphate/phosphocreatine (Pi/PCr) (p < 0.001). This relationship was significant, irrespective of outcome group or age at time of study. Between outcome groups, there were significant differences for lactate/Cr measured at <2 wk (p = 0.005) and >4 to ≤ 30 wk (p = 0.01); Pi/PCr measured at <2 wk (p < 0.001); pHi measured at <2 wk (p < 0.001), ≥ 2 to ≤ 4 wk (p = 0.02) and >4 to ≤ 30 wk (p = 0.03); and for N-acetylaspartate/Cr measured at ≥ 2 to ≤ 4 wk (p = 0.03) and >4 to ≤ 30 wk (p = 0.01). Possible mechanisms leading to this persisting cerebral lactic alkalosis are a prolonged change in redox state within neuronal cells, the presence of phagocytic cells, the proliferation of glial cells, or altered buffering mechanisms. These findings may have implications for therapeutic intervention.


In this study, the Secondary Treated Waste-Water (STWW) to infiltrate through the soil matrix, hence eliminating the contaminants in the effluent. For this study, three types of soil, such as loamy sand, fine sand, and clayey soil, were subjected to two cycles of wetting and drying to assess the type of soil that removes the maximum contaminants under which cycle. At diverse locations, soil samples were collected and examined to determine the soil types. Likewise, STWW was collected from Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board (CMWSSB) and Perungudi Sewage Treatment Plant (PSTP) to illustrate the quality of water before Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT). About 1.5 m in height and 8 mm in diameter of fabricated acrylic material columns are used for the soil aquifer treatment efficiency studies. Water quality parameters, namely pH, TDS, and turbidity, were monitored throughout the study. All the organic compounds present in water were reduced to a higher level only in the fine sand in the one-day wetting/drying cycle. pH was reduced from 8.55 to 7.5, TDS was reduced from 1580 mg/l to 850 mg/l, and Turbidity was reduced from 7.24 to 4.04 NTU. This proposed method is to minimize the amount of water pollution from the environment. It is an effective way to manage aquifer recharge (MAR). SAT is the easiest method, aquifer and/or soil-based treatment systems improve the effluent quality of wastewater by removing the trace elements in the aquifer during the recharge of groundwater. It is likewise attractive for technologically advanced as well as emerging countries, and it is supple enough to allow adaptation to home-grown requirements by uniting it with predictable natural or bringing about water and technologies of wastewater treatment. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-07-011 Full Text: PDF


We investigate signatures of Population III (PopIII) stars in the metal-enriched environment of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) originating from Population II-I (PopII/I) stars by using abundance ratios derived from numerical simulations that follow stellar evolution and chemical enrichment. We find that at z > 10 more than 10 per cent of PopII/I GRBs explode in a medium previously enriched by PopIII stars (we refer to them as GRBII -> III). Although the formation of GRBII -> III is more frequent than that of pristine PopIII GRBs (GRBIIIs), we find that the expected GRBII -> III observed rate is comparable to that of GRBIIIs, due to the usually larger luminosities of the latter. GRBII. III events take place preferentially in small protogalaxies with stellar masses M-star similar to 10(4.5) - 10(7) M-circle dot, star formation rates SFR similar to 10(-3) - 10(-1) M-circle dot yr(-1) and metallicities Z similar to 10(-4) - 10(-2) Z(circle dot). On the other hand, galaxies with Z < 10(-2.8) Z(circle dot) are dominated by metal enrichment from PopIII stars and should preferentially host GRBII. III. Hence, measured GRB metal content below this limit could represent a strong evidence of enrichment by pristine stellar populations. We discuss how to discriminate PopIII metal enrichment on the basis of various abundance ratios observable in the spectra of GRBs' afterglows. By employing such analysis, we conclude that the currently known candidates at redshift z similar or equal to 6 - i.e. GRB 050904 and GRB 130606A - are likely not originated in environments pre-enriched by PopIII stars. Abundance measurements for GRBs at z similar or equal to 5 - such as GRB 100219A and GRB 111008A - are still poor to draw definitive conclusions, although their hosts seem to be dominated by PopII/I pollution and do not show evident signatures of massive PopIII pre-enrichment.


Wearable devices have developed significantly due to the use and development of various materials such as organic materials and carbon nanotubes, and the demand for wearables is also growing. The piezoresistive pressure sensor has been developed using conductive fabric coated with a simple solution coating process. The fabric has an open structure with the interconnected top and lower layers that can be utilized as pressure sensors and can detect physical movements. The piezoresistive pressure sensor has excellent resistance linearity in the low pressure to 10kPa range, as well as consistent resistance to strain up to 20% when stretched. The pressure sensor array can detect pressure-induced local deformation and will be expected to contribute considerably to the development of wearable devices with a simplified process.


This paper synthesizes the Spanish data on Stephanorhinus hemitoechus . lt is widely distributed in middle and upper Pleistocene sites, whose geographic distribution is presented here. The best representation of the species corresponds to upper Pleistocene levels with Mousterian lithic industry. The morphological and the biometrical study of this species is carried out. Dental remains show a greater homogeneity than the postcranial material, which presents a great variation, mainly referred to the size. The Spanish S. hemitoechus seems to be smal1er sized than other European remains of the species. The Spanish reports of S. mercki , species frequently confused with S. hemitoechus , have been only confirmed in two sites, Cova Negra and Lezetxiki.


The importance of optimizing data transfers between mobile computing devices and the cloud is increasing with an exponential growth of mobile data traffic. Lossless data compression can be essential in increasing communication throughput, reducing communication latency, achieving energy-efficient communication, and making effective use of available storage. In this paper we introduce analytical models for estimating effective throughput and energy efficiency of uncompressed data transfers and compressed data transfers that utilize common compression utilities. The proposed analytical models are experimentally verified using state-of-the-art mobile devices. These models are instrumental in developing a framework for seamless optimization of data file transfers.


IL‐12, a macrophage‐derived proinflammatory cytokine, consists of two polypeptide subunits (p40 and p35) encoded by two separate genes. The p35 subunit is constitutively expressed, whereas the p40 subunit is induced after activation. The bioactive interleukin‐12 (IL‐12; p70) influences the development of Th1 responses and is a potent activator of natural killer (NK) and T cells. In contrast to IL‐12, transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) and IL‐10 inhibit production of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL‐12, and attenuate Th1‐mediated immune response. We have examined the molecular mechanisms by which TGF‐β and IL‐10 inhibit production of the IL‐12p40 subunit in LPS‐stimulated murine macrophage cell line. We show that both IL‐10 and TGF‐β suppress IL‐12p40 production by inhibiting the transcription of IL‐12p40 gene. At equal concentrations, IL‐10 was more potent than TGF‐β in inhibiting IL‐12p40 gene transcription. TGF‐β also reduces the stability of IL‐12p40 mRNA, accounting thereby to an additional mechanism of inhibition of IL‐12 production. J. Leukoc. Biol. 64: 92–97; 1998.


We investigate one degree of freedom Hamiltonian systems when trajectories cross a separatrix. We study such systems numerically using high precision computations and compare our results with first order, analytical predictions. In all our experiments we find oscillatory behavior which is not predicted by the first order analysis.


This document discusses scalable-group tag exchange protocol (SXP), a
control protocol to propagate IP address to Scalable Group Tag (SGT)
binding information across network devices.


More than 10 controlled epidemiologic studies are reported and reviewed in this paper which examine gallbladder disease and oral contraceptive (OC) use. Findings concerning an association between the 2 are contradictory. OC use and the use of estrogens in postmenopausal women have been reported to be associated with increased attack rates of gallbladder disease but the increased risk in higher in those women using estrogens than progestin-based OCs. Other studies however have reported little overall effect of OC use on the development of gallbladder disease. Where increased risk has been documented it has been related more to duration. The increased risk of gallbladder disease related to OC use has been observed to be higher within the 6-12 month range of usage. Only 1 study reported increased risk of gallbladder disease in longterm users. The increase may be greater in multiparae than nulliparae; pregnancy and obesity may also pose an increased risk to the disease in OC users. However these findings are not widely accepted. (authors modified)


Nowadays, the success of distance learning environments via web depends mainly on a well-designed interface for the user because teachers and learners are physically in different places and time. So, the instructional interface development process is a great challenge for distance education courses offered in these environments. The goal of this paper is to propose planning and methodology strategies to develop interfaces using the Multiple Intelligences Theory according to ergonomic recommendations and usability. It is also presented an application of the proposed methodology in the Natural Sciences in Education I course-discipline of the Pedagogy Undergraduate, Program, one of the six bimodal undergraduate courses offered by CECIERJ Foundation/CEDERJ Consortium. This Consortium is a partnership between the government of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, and six Public Universities located at Rio de Janeiro city. InTrODucTIOn In a computer-based training environment, instructional interface elements should be those that are specifically designed to facilitate the learners ́ access and participation. Fundamentally, their learning process once teachers and learners are physically in different places and time. This means that the success of the learning process in these environments depends on a well-designed user interface to help learners to guide themselves through instruction (Lohr, 2000). For this reason, ergonomic recommendations and usability in a design project should be considered. On the other hand, the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) progress are helping teachers to follow individually the learning process of their students. The ICT can also make possible to elaborate interfaces for web environments which can provide the student comprehension throughout symbol systems (linguistic, numerical, musician, graphic etc.), facilitating learning process for different cognitive styles. So, ICT are perfect to apply the Multiple Intelligences (MI) Theory approach defended by Howard Gardner (2001). The goal of this paper is to propose a methodology to develop distance education interfaces for courses offered via web using the MI Theory according to the ergonomic recommendations and usability. It is also presented an application of the proposed methodology in the Natural Sciences in Education I course-discipline of the Pedagogy Undergraduate Program offered by CECIERJ Foundation/CEDERJ Consortium. TheOreTIcAL fOunDATIOn Some important concerns (as ergonomic recommendations, usability of instructional interfaces) and the MI Theory that were fundamental to elaborate the methodology proposed in this paper will be developed now. ergonomic recommendations and usability of Instructional Interfaces Hackos et al (apud 1998) and Marchionini et al (1995 apud Lohr 2000) showed that: "The user interface is formally defined as the communication link between an environment (a product or system) and an user. It consists of objects or elements designed to communicate the function of the environment. An instructional interface by this definition can be thought as the elements that assist the user, a learner, in the task of learning. In a computer-based training environment, instructional interface elements are those that are specially designed to facilitate access to, and participation in, instruction and instructional support." In agreement with Lohr (2003), the project of an educational interface is a challenging effort that requires instructional design and educational project knowledge as long as human and psychological factors, ergonomic research, computer sciences and publishing project. Many recommendations are available to attend the designer professional, but many among them do not fulfill with the specific necessities for educational environment. Nilsen (2000) says that "many of the existing environment interfaces present problems in the information architecture, visual elements organization, interactivity and functioning". Hall (2000 apud Silva , 2006) detaches that education based on web depend on the target public, the communication context and the virtual environment. Although designers must face these questions, a web-based course should consider the learning objectives which are the most important factors in guiding the entire creation process of the project development. In this way, Fleming (1998) proposes to observe how people study in the internet and how are their expectations when using the learning environment. The interface should provide the knowledge of how a student should answer questions related to the browsing and to the learning. Finally, it is important to understand that the interface design project for learning environments via web have to consider the target public identification (user), his/her objectives and tasks. Then, when the ergonomic and usability criteria are applied the quality of the interaction is guaranteed due to the teach-learning process. The Multiple Intelligences Theory The MI Theory (Gardner, 2001) can help a teacher to organize his work and to know well his students. This fact will be possible through a set of categories used to describe strong and weak characteristics of the students, within a special recommendation to avoid prejudices and/or stereotyping them [p.185, 186]. Using the MI Theory is easier to assign subjects, teaching methods, hardware, software and ways of evaluation in order to considerate the most strong intelligences that are revealed by the students. At the beginning of the Eighties, Gardner has initially identified seven different human intelligences: the linguistic intelligence (sensitivity to spoken and written language, the ability to learn languages, and the capacity to use language to accomplish certain goals); the logical-mathematical intelligence (capacity to analyze problems logically, carry out mathematical operations, and investigate issues scientifically); the musical intelligence (skill in the performance, composition, 976 2007 IRMA International Conference Copyright © 2007, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. and appreciation of musical patterns); the bodily-kinesthetic intelligence (potential of using one's whole body or parts of the body to solve problems); the spatial intelligence (potential to recognize and use the patterns of wide space and more confined areas); the interpersonal intelligence (capacity to understand the intentions, motivations and desires of other people); the intrapersonal intelligence (capacity to understand oneself, to appreciate one's feelings, fears and motivations). From 1997 and on, Gardner (2001, p. 63-79) has been identifying more three "new" possible intelligences: the naturalistic intelligence (applied to people who demonstrate great recognition and the classification of its environment); the spiritual intelligence (spiritual human predispositions) and the existential intelligence (capacity of pointing out the meaning of the life, the direction of the death, the final destination of the physical and psychological worlds). There are some meaningful works in Education using the MI Theory. The SUMIT (Schools Using Multiple Intelligence Theory) Project, for example, was a 3-year national investigation which has involved 41 schools in the United States. It sought to identify, document, and promote effective implementations of MI. After this study, 78% of the schools have declared positive results in standardized tests; 63% have associated this success to the pedagogical practices used and based on the MI Theory; 78% have declared that there was an improvement in the learning process of the students with learning problems; 80% have declared an improvement in the participation of the parents and 75% of them have attributed the improvement to the MI Theory; 81% have declared that the students were more disciplined, and 67% of them have attributed this improvement on the students' behaviour to the MI Theory. Although these numbers can reflect an emphasis positive, it is also important to say that they were based on empirical data, that cannot be refuted by anyone. Vicari (2005) has developed an experiment at Paulista University in São Paulo State, Brazil, which involved the application of learning activities with undergraduate students of Production Engineering. The MI Theory was applied as a pedagogical strategy on the learning process. The experiments have the intention to verify whether learning contents presented, according to the student profile, could facilitate the learning process, and whether learning contents not adjusted to the student profile could make the learning process more difficult. 92 experiments were taken: 41 according to the student profile and 51 in contrast. The percentage of consonant contents was higher than the percentage of conflicting contents. The conclusion of this case study was that in distance learning, when there is a previous knowledge of the student profile and individual learning styles based on the MI Theory, it is possible to present an adequated way in order to obtain better results in learning process. The VLSM is an adapted model aligned with the philosophy of Saskatchewan Education University (Boulton, 2002). The virtual teacher ́s task is to scaffold learning to support the learner in the use of VLSM design elements: layer 1Instructional Strategies; layer 2Multiple Intelligences, layer 3The Organization Models; layer 4ICT Genre. The layers of VLSM demand online instruction to utilize many different combinations of the four layers in order to meet different intelligences and learning styles (Witfelt, 2000 apud Boulton 2002). In the second layer (Multiple Intelligences), teachers will need to examinate their pedagogical beliefs and take into consideration the theory of Multiple Intelligences (Witflet, 2000; Bisho et al, 2001 apud Boulton 2002). The MI Theory suggests seve


The effect of long‐range dispersion forces on the conversion from the total integrated absorption of an allowed solute transition in solution to the corresponding unperturbed oscillator strength in the isolated solute is investigated. As an illustration of this effect, calculations are performed on the 1s → 2p transition of an H solute in a variety of inert and other gases. The commonly used Lorentz field correction factor (n02+2)2/9n0 is shown to be of minor importance compared to an additional ``IMF'' factor arising from the intermolecular forces between the solute and the solvent molecules and the translational fluctuations between the induced moments. While the former factor is always greater than one, the latter can be greater than as well as less than unity. Implications regarding more complex solutes are considered.


The data communications in ultra short wave and satellite communication have been widely applied in communication field,and these channels exists strong multi-diameter decline.In order to overcome various interferences in these two channels,and correct random errors and burst errors,RS codes is usually chosen as channel coding scheme,The RS code has the strongest error-correcting ability and the highest efficiency in linear block codes for correcting burst error,and Turbo coding is a coding scheme that may approach the Shannon bound.This paper proposes the concatenated coding scheme and decoding algorithms of RS and Turbo codes by selecting appropriate parameters.Simulation has proved the correctness and feasibility of this scheme.


AIM To study the pathogenetic roles of heart derived angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) and norepinephrine (NE) in (stunned myocardium) and cardioprotective effects of calcium antagonist F 3 (1,4 dihydropyridines).METHODS Rabbits were surgically prepared for coronary arterial occlusion and reperfusion. Changes of myocardial renin activity, the content of AngⅡ and NE were observed on the brief postischemic reperfused myocardium in intact rabbits by using RIA. F 3 was used in treatment before ischemia. RESULTS There were significant increase in renin activity and AngⅡ concentrations in stunned myocardium, as compared with those in controls. The NE concentrations of myocardium increased significantly in stunned myocardium ( P 0 01). Administration of F 3 (3 mg·kg -1 ,Ⅳ) before 15 min in brief ischemia and 15 min reperfusion reduced levels of AngⅡ and NE in the heart dramatically. CONCLUSION The results suggest that heart AngⅡ and NE play important roles in the pathogenesis of brief postischemic reperfused myocardium, F 3 is beneficial to brief postischemic reperfused myocardium.