Next generation wireless communication system demands very high data rate for multimedia applications. In this context, the massive MIMO boost up the standard of MIMO as compared to conventional technologies. Due to increasing rate of complexity because of large number of antennas at both transmitter and receiver end, receiver should be designed in efficient manner. This paper proposes two sphere decoders K and K1 modified using K best algorithm. The presented sphere decoders are evaluated for massive MIMO configurations and performance is measured in terms of SER, spectral efficiency and computational time. The K best algorithm has been supported on MATLAB software using 64 QAM modulations for 16×16, 32×32, 64×64 and 128x128 antenna configurations. Simulation shows that the proposed algorithm reduces the computational complexity for higher antenna configurations, besides improving spectral efficiency and reducing the SER.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a terminal device of a monitoring control device, which facilitates a menu display operation, improves operability, and enhances safety and certainty to an operation. SOLUTION: The terminal device includes: a touch panel display 1 which has a multi-touch detector 12 that can simultaneously detect a plurality of points on a touch panel and displays a plurality of objects 3 (3A, 3B, 3C, ...) for monitoring control; and a data processor 2 for displaying a corresponding menu 7 on the touch panel display if a predetermined touch operation (hand gesture) is performed at a position different from a touch position when at least one object is selected by a touch operation among the plurality of objects displayed on the touch panel display. COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT


We describe a means of communication in which a user with no external receiver hears an audible audio message directed only at him/her. A laser transmits the message, which is encoded upon a modulated laser beam and sent directly to the receiver's ear via the photoacoustic effect. A 1.9 μm thulium laser matched to an atmospheric water vapor absorption line is chosen to maximize sound pressure while maintaining eye-safe power densities. We examine the photoacoustic transfer function describing this generation of audible sound and the important operational parameters, such as laser spot size, and their impact on a working system.


: In this paper, according to different locations of blade fracture accidents, it is divided into three fractures: blade root fracture, leaf middle fracture and blade tip fracture. Assuming that the blade fracture accident due to aging is operated at the rated wind speed and rated speed, CFD simulation is carried out to analyze the wind rotation field, aerodynamic load and blade surface streamline characteristics of NREL 5MW wind turbine with different fracture positions. This paper also assumes that under the condition of a strong typhoon, the instantaneous wind speed is too large, resulting in the wind turbine speeding, and then the blade fracture accident occurs. At this time, the wind turbine was running under extreme wind speeds, and the speed soared due to the speeding car. Analyze aerodynamic loads at different speeds. It provides an important reference for the design and operation and maintenance of wind turbine blades.


The distribution of radioactivity in metabolites of pho-bosynthetic algae exposed to K A ~ P ~ ~ Q ~ in light and dark has been determined by paper chromatography and ~adioautography~ The large relative increase of adenosine triphosphate in the dark and of 3-phosphoglyeeric acid in the light is discussed in relation to tihe mechanism of phosphorylation of photosynthetic intermediateso Evidence is given indicating that adenosine triphosphate is the first isolable product formed from inorganic phosphate, and that uridine diphosphate glucose and adenosine diphosphate are active in phosphate metabolismo


becomes citizenship, philosophy or sociology. A strength of the book is that it is both historically and politically literate. Gearon shows how current developments in RE arise out of, are influenced by, and depend upon a much greater hinterland of educational development and history/political context than has often been appreciated and written about in the literature on the subject. This makes the book an extremely valuable contribution. Another valuable aspect of this is that in placing current pedagogies in such a rich context, Gearon is extremely balanced and fair in his description and discussion of these pedagogies; something that has not always been the case in recent contributions. For example, his treatment of Smart is appropriately well rounded and balanced hence re-establishing Smart's rightful, and accurate, place in the development of 'secular' RE. The book should make a significant contribution to research and to the training of RE teachers. A classroom teacher coming to this book attracted by its title and subtitle may be disappointed as there is little by way of working out how learning and teaching may be transformed. However, a careful reading will valuably inform the teacher as to how we have got here, so to speak, and some of the problems that the subject faces in terms of clarity of purpose. It also offers tantalizingly feint intimations of where a richer and more satisfying and secure subject may be found. The only criticism that can be justifiably levelled at this book is the number of typographical errors that can be found in the text.


Sensor nodes generate Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), these networks have considerable application in the areas of habitat safety, disaster management, surveillance in defense, security & many more areas. WSNs are compact in size, with short battery power & additionally their processing capabilities are low. This restriction of battery power makes them vulnerably faulty. In order to save this limited power, redundant data must be stored inside the sensor node during aggregation which will result in a reduction power dissipation associated with the sending of unnecessary data. By aggregating data, we can control energy consumption by reducing redundancy.  Data aggregation is a really effective technique for WSN. In this paper we discuss the aggregation of data and their complex energy-efficient approach used for data aggregation in WSN. This paper highlights the latest innovations in WSNs vital for the research in agricultural domain, further we present their classification & did a comparative analysis of the discussed protocols, the nomenclature of energy saving & harvesting strategies used in agricultural monitoring. Further it discuss the difficulties and drawbacks of WSNs in context of agriculture, The presented comparative study will helpful in increasing number of data processing opportunities available through the Internet of Things (IoT).


In this paper, the generalized detector (GD) constructed on the basis of the generalized approach to signal processing in noise is employed by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system to define a target location. The GD is proposed to solve the common problem of target detection at the very low signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) when the conventional detection algorithms are not able to do it. Simulation results demonstrate a GD performance superiority in comparison with the search for undefined maritime objects (SUMO) detector one.


The therapeutic efficacy of decloxacillin or flucloxacillin, 1--2 g orally with probenecid twice daily was evaluated in staphylococcal infections. Excellent results were obtained with this as long-term maintenance therapy in 4 patients with relapsing chronic osteomyelitis and in 6 patients with postoperative infections. No side effects were observed in these patients. In 35 patients with furunculosis twice daily administration of dicloxacillin was used as a primary therapeutic regimen. All healed, but 4 recurrencies occurred during a 3-month observation period after therapy. In 5 patients allergic reactions were noted. The unbound fraction of flucloxallin in serum exceeded MIC values of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus during 11 of 24 h. Pharmacokinetic data on flucloxallin with and without probenecid are given.


Currently, issues related to digital transformation are updated. There are studies in Russian and foreign literature that touch upon various aspects of digital transformation. In addition, enterprises also understand the need for digital transformation, but there is no single understanding of how this transformation should be carried out in companies. This article provides recommendations for implementing digital transformation using the business process management (BPM) methodology.


The prestigious High-Efficiency Power Amplifier (HEPA) Student Design Competition (SDC) has been held annually for 17 years. In 2021, the competition was held virtually, live streamed from Keysight Technology's Microwave Measurements Lab on 15 October 2021. The contest, organized by the IEEE Microwave Theory and Technology Society in collaboration with Keysight Technology, provides an opportunity for students from around the world to compete in the design of power amplifiers (PAs) with high linearity and high efficiency over a specified instantaneous bandwidth.


This work uses holographic microscopy (and other optical microscopy techniques) to explore the swimming behaviours of three environmental strains of haloarchaea. Archaea extracted from two highly saline environments; The Great Salt Lake, Utah and Boulby Potash Mine, UK were sequenced to discover species identity and motility appendage structure. Optimal growth conditions were established, through the use of spectrophotometry and dark field spectroscopy. Thousands of cells were then simultaneously tracked in three-dimensions, using digital holographic microscopy (DIHM). The tracks were computationally analysed and motility features extracted. This thesis represents the first example of exploration into the three-dimensional swimming behaviours of any haloarchaeal species. Genetic sequencing revealed samples of Haloarcula hispanica and Haloferax volcanii extracted from the Great Salt Lake and Boulby Mine respectively. Flagella genes from the samples highlighted variations in the composition of the archaellum structure of two samples of H. hispanica and a further variant in Hx. volcanii. DIHM experiments resulted in similar swimming behaviours across the three samples tested. The haloarchaeal cells swam very slowly, with average speeds of ≈ 2μm/s. Cells typically reorientated much less frequently than bacterial counterparts (≈ every 10-15 seconds on average). Furthermore, individuals displayed the previously characterised 'run-reverse' reorientation type, without the 'flick' associated with having a flagella hook. All samples were affected by high levels of Brownian rotation and an interesting, 'wobble' movement. Overall this project aims to fully evaluate the motile behaviours of archaeal samples extracted directly from their natural habitats, in an attempt to gain further insight into microorganisms living in extreme hypersaline environments.


A new algorithm of fault location is proposed by means of single-end real time data in paralleled double circuit line based on the construction features of the paralleled double circuit line. It can protect accurate location from the effect of transition resistance, load current and variable system impedance parameters in principle and therefore solve the problems of accurate fault location during a single line fault in a paralleled double circuit line. Implementing the algorithm by solving simple equations, therefore the calculation is quite easier than other fault location algorithm.


The thesis deals with the design and implementation of a distributed framework for real-time traffic management using microscopic online simulation.


The key aspects and features of the exhibition 'Old Skool (never lose that feeling)' that brought together several renowned artists with the aim of getting inside recent returns to old skool styling in popular contemporary Australian culture are discussed. The main focus of old skool is the relationship between the present and the past.


A performance art piece by Marina Abramović (512 hours, 2014), a rock concert by Nick Cave (The O2 Arena, 30 September 2017) and a book by Connie Palmen (Logbook of a Merciless Year, 2011) are approached as enactments of grief. They are brought together in a story trying to make sense of loss, which is based on the attuning to the rhythm of the heartbeat of a beloved person, made possible by the intertwining of tactility and aurality. The silence of the beloved person's heartbeat causing the wreckage of loss, the arrhythmic heartbeat as the longing of wrecked survivors/artists for their lost intimacy, and the use of the remains of the wreckage to attune to heartbeats of strangers during art events, are approached through the philosophy of tactility of Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Luce Irigaray. Longing, which is suggested as the temporality of grief, opens up physical bodies of survivors as the sites of personal grief, towards the bodies of their art works, as the sites of public events. Thanks to the reworking of grief with strangers through tactility and aurality, the lost love that was transformed into grief, is reinvented in events where art becomes eros.


This paper describes the performance improvement of transient response and the modeling of small aircraft onboard generator. As the characteristics of the stator coil which are a major parameters of transient response were improved, the characteristics of transient response could be increased, therefore, the improved generator can be satisfied with large and fast load changes. Established the control model of the generator, it could be possible to do the analysis of generator performance, and improve the operational stability of the generator system using the control model.


The hierarchical structure of genetic diversity was studied in the monokaryotic haploid (spermatia) and the dikaryotic (aeciospores) phases of the white pine blister rust fungus, Cronartium ribicola. Multiple samples of aeciospores and spermatia were collected on cankers in three plantations of eastern white pine, Pinus strobus, situated more than 200 km apart. Of the 20 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers scored, 11 were either fixed or nearly fixed, and the remaining markers were polymorphic. Eighty-nine percent of the cankers sampled contained aecidia with more than one RAPD profile. Partitioning of the total genetic diversity by an analysis of molecular variance revealed that 69 to 74% (P < 0.001) of the genetic variability was attributable to the sampling of different aecidia within cankers, while genetic diversity between cankers within sites and between sites made up 22 to 24% (P < 0.001) and 2.7 to 6.7% (P = 0.027 to 0.001), respectively, of the total diversity. Surprisingly, different RAPD profiles were also found between spermatial samples within cankers. The presence of several monokaryotic haploid genotypes within a single canker raises the possibility of outcrossing within cankers and might explain previous inconclusive results concerning heterothallism in this fungus. On cankers with monomorphic spermatia, 75% of the aecidia were the result of outcrossing, i.e., at least one of the RAPD loci had the null allele in the spermatia but the marker allele in the aecidia. Because of the small number of polymorphic markers studied, this should be considered an underestimate of outcrossing.


Since the realization over a decade ago (Owen et aI., 1967) that the brain of the human adult can function, apparently normally, when up to two thirds of the substrates supplied are ketone bodies rather than glucose, consideration of substrate utili zation has to take into account which substrates are being used, as well as how much of each is being used. These questions have particular relevance throughout the period of brain development, both pre-and postnatally, since circumstances may arise under which an adequate supply of blood-borne glucose is compromised. Previous reviews on energy metabolism in the developing brain have emphasized the human baby and possible problems of adequate nutrition In the present review, the aim has been to detail quantita tive data for several animal species without neces sarily implying that all such data are directly rele vant to man. Fortunately, information available on young babies and children is sufficiently com prehensive to allow a direct comparison with other species. Arteriovenous differences provide the most con vincing evidence of net movements of substances between the blood and brain. Of their own they are informative, but they are most valuable when com bined with measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) so that rates of influx and efflux can be cal culated. The demonstration of net influx of a partic ular substrate leaves open the question of its meta bolic fate, which has to be studied in other ways (one way being the use of radioactive isotopes, which will be discussed below). Studies that include data on arteriovenous ex traction of substrates by the developing brain of sev eral species (man, baboon, dog, cow, sheep, and rat) are listed in Table 1. In many of the studies, subjects were anaesthetized and the type of anaesthetic used is indicated. Also indicated is whether or not CBF was determined. Humans The two earliest studies that demonstrated most clearly the ability of the brains of newborns and infants to use substrates other than glucose were those by Persson et ai. (1972) and Kraus et ai. (1974). Both studies showed that the ketone bodies, acetoacetate and D-3-hydroxybutyrate, were taken up by the brain in addition to glucose, even though the extent of ketonaemia was modest. For example, in newborns, after a fasting period of about 6 h av erage arterial concentrations for acetoacetate of 0.10 roM and of D-3-hydroxybutyrate of 0.16 roM were found with …


Objective Acute liver failure is one of the significant causes of death clinically. It is important to explore new serum markers of liver injury for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of severe liver disease. Hepassocin( HPS) is a liver-specific mitogenic growth factor. Our study is intended to investigate the correlation between HPS serum levels and the degree of liver injury. Methods Firstly,a mouse model of acute liver injury was constructed via intraperitoneally injection with different doses of CCl4. Then the survival rate,alanine aminotransferase( ALT),aspartate aminotransferase( AST) and the pathological changes in the liver were detected. Meanwhile,ELISA assay was performed to detect the serum level of HPS. In addition,the mRNA level and protein level of HPS were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting,respectively. Results The mortality rate was increased and the liver damage was aggravated with the increase of the CCl4 dose. Besides,the ALT and AST levels were also increased in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally,the mRNA and protein levels of HPS were significantly up-regulated and closely related to the degree of the liver injury in the model.Conclusion HPS can be used as a new marker of liver injury in mice.


The utilization of ScholarOne for the submission of manuscripts to the International Journal of Construction Education and Research and for the peer-review process has been successful since the site went live on February 1, 2010. The Journal utilizes a ''double-blind'' review process (i.e., double blind process1⁄4 neither author nor reviewer names are known as the review is conducted and comments are returned). After a paper is submitted using the ScholarOne website at http://mc.manuscript central.com/uice, the blinded (i.e., no author identification) manuscript is sent to at least two of our three Associate Editors for their review. If the manuscript is deemed acceptable for peer-review, the blinded paper is then sent to at least three peers for their review. The rigor of a double-blind review process is meant to keep the quality of the papers published in the Journal as high as possible. The success of the peer-review process is dependent on the reviewers.


To show that cystic renal lesions that would otherwise meet criteria for simple cysts can demonstrate perceptible walls or increased wall thickness on MRI, sometimes causing these lesions to be "upgraded." It was hypothesized that thickening of cyst walls on MRI can be artifactual, due to data truncation, applied filtering, and low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR).


A total of six giant gasfields each with proven reserves of more than 100 billion cubic metres are present in the Ordos and Tarim Basins, China. The gasfields are Sulige, Yulin, Wushenqi, Da'niudi and Jingbian in the Ordos Basin, and Kela 2 in the Tarim Basin. In this paper, we report on the geochemical characteristics of the natural gas at these fields based on studies of gas composition (150 samples), together with stable isotope data (143 samples) and helium isotope data (21 samples). Results show that the gases have high contents of C1‐4 alkanes (generally over 90%) and minor contents of CO2 (below 3%). The generally high δ13C values of C1‐C4 hydrocarbons indicates a significant contribution from humic source rocks such as Permian‐Carboniferous and Mid‐Lower Jurassic coal measures. δ13 C1, δ13C2, δ13C3 and δ13C4 values for gases in Upper Palaeozoic reservoirs were ‐35 to ‐32‰, ‐28 to ‐24‰, ‐27 to ‐24‰, and ‐23.5 to ‐22‰, respectively. The δ13CiC4 value is higher than that of the δ13CnC4•


As an important index of a plant's N nutrition, leaf nitrogen content (LNC) can be quickly monitored in real time with hyperspectral information, which is helpful to guide the precise application of N in cotton leaves. In this study, taking cotton dripping in Xinjiang, China, as the object of study, five N application treatments (0, 120, 240, 360, 480 kg·ha-1) were set up, and the hyperspectral data and the N content of main stem functional leaves at the cotton flower and boll stage were collected. The results showed that (1) comparing the correlations of the three types of spectral data from the original spectra, first derivative spectra, and second derivative spectra with the LNC of cotton, the first derivative spectra increased the correlation between the reflectance in the peak and valley ranges of the spectral curves and the LNC of cotton; (2) in the three hyperspectral regions of VIS, NIR, and SWIR, all R2 values of the estimation model for the LNC of cotton established based on the characteristic wavelengths of the original and the first derivative spectra were greater than 0.8, and the model accuracy was better than that of the second derivative spectra; and (3) the normalized root mean square error (n-RMSE) values of the validated model using MLR, PCR, and PLSR regression methods were all in the range of 10–20%, indicating that the established model could well estimate the nitrogen content of cotton leaves. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of the three hyperspectral domains of VIR, NIR, and SWIR to estimate the LNC of cotton and provide a new basis for hyperspectral data application in crop nutrient monitoring.


In this work we study the dimensional reduction of smooth circle invariant Yang-Mills instantons defined on 4-manifolds which are non-trivial circle fibrations over hyperbolic 3-space. A suitable choice of the 4-manifold metric within a specific conformal class gives rise to singular and smooth hyperbolic monopoles. A large class of monopoles is obtained if the conformal factor satisfies the Helmholtz equation on hyperbolic 3-space. We describe simple configurations and relate our results to the JNR construction, for which we provide a geometric interpretation.


Annual changes in temperature characteristic of the shallow zone during 2017-2022 have been studied in this work. Dataset was contrasted based on 8 transects located in South, Central and Northern Baikal at depths of 3, 4, 6, 12, 15 and 26 m. Temperatures were measured every 1.5-3 hour. It was determined that modal values of maximal heating of the shallow zone at all stations and depths were 15-16°C, however, distribution of maximal temperatures of South Baikal shifted toward the low temperatures, and these maximums could be only 9-10°C. Temperature regime of the shallow zone during warm seasons is characterized by sharp changes due to wind mixing and upwelling, when temperature drops dramatically from 16-18°C to 4°C for the 1-1.5 day. In most cases, the duration of stabile temperature condition without wind mixing was 4 days. On average, upwelling events occurred 5 times (maximum - 13 events) from July to November. As a result of wind mixing, the shallow zone is characterized as moderately warm with average temperatures of 6-7°C from June to November. A temperature effect on the shallow zone of Lake Baikal due to the Global warming is smoothed by cooling of the zone by deep waters during upwellings.


| The present study was aimed to compare Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates obtained from nasal discharge of pneumonic and healthy camels in context of phenotypic characteristics and virulence traits. Total 65, 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region based confirmed isolates were included with species-specific amplicon of 130 bp in this investigation. Out of which 47 were from pneumonic and 18 from healthy camels. All K. pneumoniae isolates showed typical inherent phenotypic pattern except six isolates from pneumonic camels were found ability to produce indole. For virulence traits, all isolates were non hemolytic with prominent capsule. All the isolates from pneumonic camels were urease positive and most of (93.6%) isolates positive on first three days while all isolates from healthy camels were urease negative on first three days. None of the isolates from healthy camels showed hypermucoviscosity while 25 (53.19%) isolates from pneumonic camels showed existence of virulent hypermucoviscosity trait. It may indicate differences in virulence properties of studied isolates and further suggest some genotypic studies regarding virulence characterization of K. pneumoniae.


Background: Breast reconstruction is traditionally performed by the plastic surgeons. In the last four years, we have embarked on autologous breast reconstruction. We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the complications and cosmetic outcomes of a pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myo-cutaneous (TRAM) flap breast reconstruction.Methods: We enrolled forty-one patients who underwent a TRAM flap reconstructive surgery between January 2016 and January 2020 at the hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Thorough retrospective reviews of medical records were performed. Patient's satisfaction on the cosmetic outcome were assessed with the breast-Q questionnaire.Results: Forty-one patients with a mean age of forty-six years old, had ipsilateral pedicled TRAM breast reconstructions for various breast pathologies including invasive carcinoma (n=31, 75.6%), ductal carcinoma in situ (n=8, 19.5%) and phylloides tumor (n=2, 4.9%). Immediate reconstruction was performed in thirty-nine patients and delayed reconstruction in two patients. Based on The American joint committee on cancer (AJCC) TNM system, the pathologic stages among those patients with breast cancer were 0 (n=8, 20.5%), I (n=3, 7.69%), II (n=9, 23.1%), III (n=18, 46.1%), and IV (n=1, 2.56%). During the mean follow-up of seventeen months, flap and donor site complications were reported in twelve patients (29.3%) and five patients (12.1%) respectively. Nineteen were very satisfied and sixteen were satisfied.Conclusions: Breast reconstruction with a TRAM flap can be safely performed by the oncoplastic breast surgeons with good aesthetic outcomes.


My paper expands on several conference themes, specifically "geographical places" and "boundaries," and will explore the elasticity and intertextual implications of both terms as they apply to national literatures and writers, as well as their porous nature in literary studies (including theory, history, and criticism, according to René Wellek's classic and still widely accepted triptych of literary studies [Wellek x]). Specifically, I will examine the resonance of the Romantic malaise known in France as "le mal du siècle" and how it might inform a reading of Knut Hamsun's novel Pan (1894) and shed light on the more than eccentric behavior of its main character, Lieutenant Glahn. The French Romantic writer Chateaubriand (1768-1848), whose slender novel René (1802), with which "le mal du siècle" is most closely associated, represents the epitome of the Romantic hero, who evidently had not drawn his last breath when Hamsun published Pan almost one century later. Upon a closer reading of the two novels, there is more than enough to warrant a comparison. Glahn and René are archetypes of a similar malady afflicting overly sensitive, generally upper-class young men of a nervous and indeed neurotic
disposition.


This paper uses firm-level data to address the following issues; (i) Have wage differentials increased at the level of the firm? (ii) Are they any patterns in the levels and changes of these differentials? (iii) Do the same factors determine the pay of both low-skilled and high-skilled workers?


Through four decades of digital initiatives and collecting programs the U.S. Library of Congress has built up a sizable digital collection. In support of long-term management of this digital content, in 2018 staff worked to review information about file extensions of content in the permanent digital collection through analysis of data in the institution's primary digital content inventory system. This paper reports the results of this analysis and how these findings will inform the development of digital content management policy and practice at the institution.


In the interest of developing a highly sensitive, low power radiation dosimeter, a series of tests were performed on single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based nanomaterials to monitor their respons...


In this paper, the design of RS(255,223) encoder and decoder is introduced, which use multiplier in GF(28) with different structures according to their different characteristics. The encoder is designed using polynomial division and parallel structure; the decoder is designed using Euclid Algorithm, and its key module adopts series-parallel combination structure. FPGA implementation of this algorithm is given. According to top-to-down design flow, the encoder and decoder described in this paper decrease the resource usage furthest at an acceptable speed.


The university library continues to evolve in response to student behaviors, perceived desires, and technological advancements. The interior qualities of the library can contribute to academic success and provide students with an unparalleled study environment that supports peer collaboration and scholastic achievement (Gardner and Eng, 2005). How can a student's perception of an ideal study environment be integrated into the design of a library to foster an environment of learning? Using results from a case study to develop a model project, this research examines the design of a student group study space within a library. Image board and graffiti wall methods were used to engage users of an existing group study space to identify the spatial design features that exemplify their ideal collaborative environment. A poster of collected pictures and illustrations were used to visually communicate design intent to a targeted user group (Hanington and Martin, 2012). To prevent bias in describing the visual images in this study, a user-centered card sort study was developed to understand the meaning of the images through the lens of undergraduate students (Kaufman, 2006). Graffiti walls "provide an open canvas on which participants can freely offer their written or visual comments about an environment of system, directly in the context of use" (Hanington and Martin, 2012). A content analysis of the written phrases and images drawn from the graffiti wall was used to quantify data collection. The informal approach of these methods was fundamental in creating an open and unbiased platform for students to respond and provide feedback on the design of a group study space. The most noteworthy design feature from the study results were that students had a preference for a group study space with an alcove design feature, whether actual or perceived, to allow


The invention relates to a method for eliminating pesticide residues. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) diluting a scavenging agent for the pesticide residues by 20 times; (2) after a pesticide is sprayed for 24 hours, spraying the diluted scavenging agent to the surfaces of crops 1 to 2 days before the crops are harvested; and (3) exposing under sunlight or an artificial light source for at least 10 hours. By the method, the pesticide residues can be reduced by over 70 percent effectively, the pesticide residues on the surfaces of agricultural products can be degraded, and the pesticide residues inside the agricultural products can also be reduced.


Effects of different cooling medium on microstructure and mechanical properties of bainite wear resistant steel plate were investigated.The experimental results show that the microstructures of the wear resistant steel plates are lath bainite ferrite and retained austenite as hot rolled then tempered at low temperature and as austenitized with air cooling then tempered at low temperature,but they are lath martensite and retained austenite as austenitized with oil cooling or water cooling.The wear resistant steel plate has good strength and toughness as hot rolled then tempered at low temperature and as austenitized with air cooling then tempered at low temperature.The wear resistant steel plates with different mechanical properties can be obtained after hot rolled and controlling austenitizing cooling medium.


United States Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California. Chief Scientists: Brian Edwards, Homa Lee. Sampling data (3dot5khz, subbottomprofiler, boxcore, vibratingcore, pistoncore, gravitycore, tripcore) of field activity A-1-03-SC in Southern California: Pt. Conception to Mexican border, from shore outto 50 nautical miles. from 07/18/2003 to 07/31/2003, http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/a/a103sc/html/a-1-03-sc.meta.html.


The two technologies will be assessed in the following areas: licensing, standards, dependencies and extensibility; requirements handling and traceability; types of modelling enabled (CT, DE, other); underlying formal semantics; analysis techniques enabled (e.g. test automation, design space exploration); hardwareand software-in-the-loop (HiL / SiL) simulation support; and code generation support.


【Objective】There are certain differences in jujube water quantity in irrigation between jujube- cotton intercropping and monoculture,just for these reasons,our project aims to make sure the effect of the three irrigation modes and different jujube water quantities on the growth of jujube.【Method】The field experiment with three factors and two levels were designed for the study in order to research the effect of all treatments with the yield,quality,bearing branchlets,flower,fruit diameter of jujube.【Result】In different irrigation patterns,the length of bearing branchlets was drip irrigation furrow irrigation micro spray,and the comparison of the number of bearing branchlet,the bud number,the flower number and the fruit diameter was drip irrigation micro spray furrow irrigation,and the result of comparison of the yield was drip irrigation furrow irrigation micro spray. The differences reached significantly high level. With different irrigation quantities,the high irrigation water quantity treatment was higher than the low irrigation quantity treatment in every survey index.【Conclusion】The analysis indicated that drip irrigation,micro spray and furrow irrigation and the increased irrigation water quantity can significantly promote the growth and the yield of jujube; The result showed that the three kinds of irrigation patterns affect the jujube: drip irrigation furrow irrigation micro spray.


We have observed the Spitzer extragalactic First Look Survey (xFLS) region with the Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope (GMRT), near Pune, India, at 610 MHz. Seven pointings were observed with the GMRT, one central and six in a surrounding hexagon. Each field was observed with an integration time of ~ 200 min., in a series of scans spread over a range of LST to improve u – v coverage. Two sidebands, each of 16 MHz with 128 channels – to allow narrow band interference to be excised efficiently – were observed. The synthesised beam of the images is ~ 5″ and as the primary beam of the GMRT at 610 MHz is ~ 43′, these seven pointings cover most of the xFLS region.


1 METHODOLOGY This paper, which covers some aspects of the astronomical background of the chronology proposed by Gasche et al. (1998), is offered here for two reasons. That brief volume was intended to present a new approach and was not regarded as a comprehensive treatment of chronological issues in the ancient Near East, and certainly not as the final word on the role astronomy can play in solving chronological problems. It was to be hoped that polemical debate could be avoided and the ensuing critical discussion would be based on the data and methodology presented. The drawbacks of the approach are now apparent, however. On the one hand, there appears to be a real need (e.g., Huber 1999/2000b) for some additional general explanation of the astronomical conclusions published in that volume. On the other hand, it is increasingly evident that the work of colleagues (particularly Huber) who have employed astronomical methods requires a more direct kind of attention. The little attention payed to Huber and the lack of astronomical detail in Gasche et al. (1998) can be attributed to the fact that the book's origins lay in the study of the archaeological material and the Middle Chronology, and thus neither astronomy nor the High Chronology were at the center of the project. A discussion of the archaeology must be left to my colleagues,


This study explores the effects of romantic involvement and dating behaviors on adolescent academic and psychosocial functioning in Chinese societies, where adolescent dating is generally discouraged and believed to bear adverse outcomes. Adolescents (male = 48.6%; Mean Age = 15.20 years) from Taiwan ( N = 1,081) and Mainland China ( N = 684) were recruited through stratified sampling to complete self-report surveys oned their academic performance, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, relationship status, and gender-role beliefs. Adolescents with current or past dating experiences were also asked about specific dating behaviors such as onset of dating, number of relationships, and breakup experiences. Approximately one-third of Chinese adolescents surveyed have past or ongoing dating experience, who showed poorer academic performance and mental health outcomes than never-dated teens. Currently single adolescents with past dating experiences showed the greatest depressive symptoms. Dating experiences also seem to promote boys' self-esteem but dampen girls' self-esteem. Early dating, over-dating, sexual activities, and breakup experiences could undermine adolescents' academic and psychosocial well-being, especially for girls. These findings have significant implications for practice and policy regarding adolescent education and mental health.


This research aimed to determine the content of crude fiber and organic matter of bark sengon which has been fermented with probiotic as an alternative feed for livestock. This research used natural probiotics as fermentor. Twenty sample of bark sengon were randomly grouped into four treatment. Each treatment group consisted of bark sengon and 2% mollases, then treated for seven days as follow : without probiotic (P0) ; 2% probiotic (P1) ; 4% probiotic (P2) and 6% probiotic (P3). The content of crude fiber and organic matter of fermented bark sengon were analyzed by proximate analysis. The result showed that fermentation of bark sengon with probiotic up to 6% gave no significant impact (p>0.05) to the content of crude fiber and organic matter content.


This paper explores the challenges and opportunities in 1) collaboratively coordinating innovation development, in order to, 2) be able to build interregional innovation - so much sought after but as yet to be demonstrated on more than a case-by-case basis. The hopes for European competitiveness through innovation emphasize entrepreneurship, knowledge transfer and commercialization at universities and their associated innovation systems. However, compared to the U.S., European operative practice is often limited to our regional and national backyards, not realizing the potentials of reaching beyond national markets until after many years of so-called incubation. Nevertheless, the innovation creation and development from research, often stemming from the university and facilitated through innovation systems, is commonly recognized as a critical contribution to economic development, not only through the stimulation of wealth creation and employment opportunities, but through the potential development of new markets and industries. With such substantial benefits theoretically available, systems to facilitate innovation development are highly desireable and encouraged. However, the process of implementing and orchestrating such systems in reality is often much more complex than imagined when designed.
The innovation systems existing in Gothenburg have received considerable recognition in regards to new venture development and triple helix type of collaborations. In the EU Interreg IIIC DISTRICT project SEARCH - Scanning and Evaluating Activities for Research Commercialization Handovers - new principles and practices were explored within the Gothenburg innovation systems, and then compared with other regions. Building from the initial findings of project SEARCH, and then proceeding in parallel, VINNOVA Key Actor Program Project GOINN presents an initiative to coordinate the innovation systems of Gothenburg. The foundation provided through the activities of the projects gives the potential to bring European regions together thus eventually generating higher growth and sustainable innovation beyond the borders of the individual EU member state. The paper investigates experiences from project SEARCH and how the project, together with other parallel processes, can provide promising opportunities for a European model of interregional innovation, not only potentially matching the ability for value creation and growth found in the U.S., but eventually creating a greater capacity for European actors to readily access global markets for new innovations.


Abstract. The red cell antigen, Cad, defined by Dolichos lectin is so characteristic that one can always find free cells together with strong agglutinates even in the strongest reactors. The incidence of the antigen is roughly estimated to be 0.03% in Japanese populations, the number of the samples tested being over 50,000. The pedigree studies indicate that the antigen is inheritable as an autosomal dominant character, and that there is evidence against close linkage with the groups ABO, MNSs, Rh, Duffy and Kidd. The striking differences of incidence between the antigens Cad and Sda are discussed.


A two-step procedure for the synthesis of the title xanthenequinone derivatives is described. The procedure involves the photoinduced acylation of 1,4-naphthoquinone with 2-hydroxybenzaldehydes, followed by treatment withAg 2 O.


Many countries provide mammographic screening for breast cancer as part of regional or national public health policy, and some programmes have been in place for several years. Mammographic screening was implemented after results from large randomized controlled trials showed that regular screening led to a significant reduction in breast cancer mortality. We have long been in an era of 'evidence-based medicine', and it is not unusual for a single clinical trial of a new intervention, based on several hundred patients, to change routine practice without much criticism. Yet despite the evidence from six trials of mammography from three different countries (about 212,000 women in total), doubts have been raised over whether such screening is worthwhile and questions posed about the magnitude of the benefit in relation to potential harms. It is difficult to think of any other large-scale public health intervention for which there is significant supporting evidence, but where uncertainty is claimed by some over its effectiveness. Nevertheless, it is valid to consider that the randomized trials were conducted in the 1980–1990s, and that there have since been technological changes and improvements in the screening process. Cancer detection rates, breast cancer mortality, overdiagnosis (women with breast cancer found through screening who otherwise would not have been identified in their lifetime) and false-positive results (women with abnormal mammograms who do not have breast cancer) are all important and variable aspects that should be examined over time. In this special supplement of the Journal of Medical Screening, the EUROSCREEN Working Group and their colleagues, who have substantial experience in breast cancer screening research and service delivery, have produced a set of seminal articles. They are based on a systematic assessment of established service screening programmes and observational studies within Europe, using a series of literature reviews with careful statistical analyses. Giordano et al. use the European Network for Information on Cancer (EUNICE), a web-based data warehouse, to summarize screening activity within 18 EU countries. While half the programmes have acceptable uptake (.70% of invited women who are screened), there is wide geographical variation with much room for improvement. Two articles discuss details of two different study designs for estimating the impact of screening on breast cancer mortality. Examining trends in breast cancer mortality over time (before and after the introduction of screening) appears, at first, to be a reasonable approach. However, Moss et al. explain why this method will underestimate the effect on mortality attributable to screening, because breast cancers diagnosed before the start of screening or below the lower age limit for screening are usually included. Njor et al. review incidence-based mortality (IBM) studies, in which only breast cancer deaths occurring in women who have been invited for screening are included, and the importance of considering lead-time bias and having sufficiently long follow-up are outlined. Three articles each focus on the benefit or harms of screening. –9 Broeders et al. collate evidence from three types of study designs (trend, IBM and case-control studies), to obtain best estimates of the reduction in breast cancer mortality due to screening. Hofvind et al. use observational studies to estimate the risk of having a screenpositive result, and a biopsy, among women without breast cancer, with supporting evidence from the EUNICE database. Puliti et al. indicate that the over-diagnosis rate (the proportion of women with overdiagnosed cancers) is likely to be 10% at most, and importantly that high estimates of overdiagnosis reported by others are due to not fully allowing for baseline breast cancer risk and/or lead time. The main findings from these three review articles are then used in a 'balance sheet', summarizing the benefit and harms in a form that is easily interpreted. To complement these articles, Giordano et al. discuss the best ways to communicate the scientific evidence to women and health professionals. Reviews have previously been published on mammography screening, and it is reasonable to ask what more the supplement reviews add. First, there has probably not before been such a comprehensive assessment of service screening, which can also be used to complement or update evidence from the randomized trials. The criticisms of mammographic screening have helped to encourage researchers to look more closely at the outcomes from service screening. Second, the authors of the articles make clear the importance of using appropriate statistical methodology to design and analyse observational studies of mammography, in order to avoid inaccurate results and false conclusions. When this is achieved, the estimates of reduction in breast cancer mortality are entirely consistent with those from the randomized controlled trials, even though they are based on completely independent data collected in recent times. Also, that estimates of the overdiagnosis rate are much less than previously postulated. Third, the clearly explained balance between the benefit and potential 1


The aim of this research is to examine prospective mathematics teachers' quantitative reasoning, their support for students' quantitative reasoning and the relationship between them, if any. The teaching experiment was used as the research method in this qualitatively designed study. The data of the study were collected through a series of exploratory teaching interviews and debriefing interviews with nine focus group participants, and clinical interviews that the participants conducted with middle-school students. The results indicated that the participants with strong quantitative reasoning use problem-solving approaches that focused on the quantity, whereas the participants with poor quantitative reasoning use problem-solving approaches that focused on performing calculations, using formulas and procedures devoid of quantitative meaning in solving of the problem. During the questioning process, the participants with strong quantitative reasoning led their students to identify and interpret the quantities, determine relationships among the quantities, represent all the quantities and their interrelationships, whereas the participants with poor quantitative reasoning led their students to perform calculations, make algebraic manipulations and focus on numbers by ignoring the quantities in the problem. These results suggest that prospective mathematics teachers' quantitative reasoning is strongly associated with their support for students' quantitative reasoning in the problem-solving process.


In this article, a solution to target convergence and obstacle avoidance problem of an underactuated nonstandard n‐trailer robot is proposed. With a new geometric approach, we propose autonomous velocity and steering angle controllers for the car‐like tractor robot such that the tractor‐trailer system moves from an initial position to a designated target. The proposed method simultaneously takes into account the dynamics constraints of the system and also ensures that the robot avoids any fixed obstacles on its way to the target. We also generalize the results to control the motion of the nonstandard n‐trailer system with an arbitrary number of passive trailers, a mathematically challenging nonlinear underactuated system, given that the angular velocity of a trailer is dependent on the angular velocity of the preceding trailer. The effectiveness of the new geometric approach and the stabilizing control inputs is verified using computer simulations.


Internet services continue to show a remarkable sustained growth; this is complemented with an increased demand in mobility support over wide areas. The cellular systems have a widespread infrastructure that can be used to provide data services. In particular, CDPD (cellular digital packet data) is a technology that provides reliable data transmission over the AMPS (advanced mobile phone system) cellular network, without upsetting voice services. Among the demanded services there are file transfers, send/receive electronic mails (E-mail) and the WWW (hypertext browser service) that has turned out to be the most popular service. This paper presents an analysis methodology, under multiple channels, of the total capacity for CDPD use. Emphasis is paid to Internet services because this is the most stringent case, both in terms of transmission capacity and message delay. Results show that multiple channels improve the CDPD performance in terms of the quality of service and users supported.


The claustrophobic intimacy of an ER exam room can test the dearest relationships. Back home in the big old house, there is space for Elizabeth and daughters Julie and Anne to spread out. That freedom of movement is one thing that is missing here. Another is the sitter, who is with Elizabeth all day long and who serves as a buffer when Anne and Julie visit. Dismissed by Julie before the EMS arrived, she plays many roles.


Objective
To explore and analyze the menopause symptoms and mental state of anxiety and depression in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI).

Methods
We collected patients from Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University from January 2016 to May 2018, including 63 POI patients (POI group), 60 healthy patients aged 35-40 years as normal group (control group) and 71 patients aged 45-55 years with menopausal syndrome (MPS) as the experimental control group (MPS group) at the same time. We used Kupperman Menopausal Index (KMI), Anxiety Self Rating Scale (SAS) and Depression Self Rating Scale (SDS) for quantitative assessment.

Results
1) A total of 194 cases were enrolled and the age of POI group, control group and MPS group was (37.1±3.1) years, (36.3±4.2) years and (46.3±5.9) years, respectively. 2) The smoking rate of POI group was higher than that of control group and MPS group (P=0.041, P=0.049). 3) There were 23 cases (36.51%) of POI group, 3 cases of control group (5.00%) and 50 cases of MPS group (70.42%) with KMI>6. There were significant differences among the three groups (P 49, the difference was statistically significant among the three groups (P 49 was significantly higher than that of MPS group (P=0.035) and normal group (P 52. The difference was statistically significant (P 52 in POI group was significantly higher than that in MPS group (P=0.048) and normal group (P<0.000 1). 6) The number of patients with the mild, moderate and severe SAS grade was 19 (63.33%), 9 (30.00%) and 2 (6.67%) in POI group, and 12 (57.14%), 8 (38.10%) and 1 (4.76%) in MPS group. There was no statistical difference among different SAS degrees. 7) The number of patients with the mild, moderate and severe SDS grade was 18 (62.07%), 8 (27.59%) and 3 (10.34%) in POI group, and 11 (55.00%), 7 (35.00%) and 2 (10.00%) in MPS group. There was no statistical difference among different SDS degrees.

Conclusion
POI patients have obvious anxiety and depression tendency. In addition to paying attention to ovarian fertility preservation of these patients, we should pay more attention to the evaluation of these women's mental health problems and improve their life quality and psychosocial adaptability.

Key words:
Premature ovarian insufficiency; Perimenopausal syndrome; Anxiety; Depression


Liver abnormalities are common extra-intestinal manifestations of celiac disease (CD). However, aplastic anemia had been rarely described in this disorder. Here, we report an exceptional case suggesting a rare association between asymptomatic CD, acute hepatitis and aplastic anemia: A Nine-year old girl presented with jaundice of 3 weeks duration and hepatosplenomegaly on physical exam. Investigations revealed an acute liver disorder with high serum transaminases levels. Extensive investigations excluded infectious, metabolic and auto immune as cause of acute liver disease. A celiac disease was diagnosed according to the histological exam of small bowel biopsy. A reversal of hepatic disorder was observed within 2 months after the initiation of Gluten free diet. However, the child developed aplastic anemia, which dramatically worsened despite immunosuppressive therapy. The etiological assessment of aplastic anemia was negative suggesting an association with hepatitis and silent celiac disease that could be explained by a common underlying immune pathological mechanism. Therefore, a screening of CD in acute liver disorder and AA should been considered by clinicians.


Conventionally, leaves the electrode shape by forming the thickness of the dielectric, the less the drive margin, and can not be driven stably. Display electrodes, and a projection extending from an electrode body extending in a row direction and a column direction, and the projection is adjacent to form a projection and the discharge gap of the other display electrodes are in pairs, the projections, in the row direction. It includes a first projection and a second projection having two kinds of widths, as the width of the ratio of the second projecting portion of the discharge gaepcheuk for the first projecting portion of the electrode body side Y, and the thickness of the dielectric layer when in the X [㎛], is configured to satisfy the Y≤0.2 · X, and X≤20, and Y≥0.5. Electrode shape, a dielectric layer, a plasma display, a surface discharge, the display data


Immersion, subcutaneous injection and smear followed by immersion were studied in black sea bream fry in order to establish an effective method of infection with the gliding bacterium, Flexibacter maritimus. In addition, the occurrence or proliferation of the bacteria on the skin, gills and internal organs(kidney, liver and spleen)were determined by serial plate countdilution from separately homogenized samples. Immersion failed to infect the fish after 3d of observation whereas, fish infected by smear followed by immersion in 108, 106 and 104 cells/ml showed the symptoms of natural gliding bacteria infection in 23 h post infection. Subcutaneous injection resulted to serious injuries, in 30h post infection, on the site of injection like exposed musculature leading to heavy mortalities including the control fish. Therefore, subcutaneous injection did not serve a practical means of inducing gliding bacteria infection in this study.The bacteria were detected in greatest number in the skin from 15min until the 3rd hour, in the gills 1h up to 12h, and least detected in the internal organs from 1h until 12h post infection. In all cases, the bacteria could not be detected thereafter due to the successive invasion of other bacteria.


LAY SUMMARY Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) members experience depression at higher rates than civilian Canadians. Mental health services are available, yet members do not always use them even when nee...


The purpose of this study was to obtain empirical evidence about the influence of liquidity, corporate social responsibility, earnings management, and firm size against tax aggressiveness on manufacturing companies listed consistently in the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the year 2013-2015. This study used a sample of sixty-four manufacturing companies. This study uses a software program Eviews for data processing. These results indicate that liquidity has an influence on tax aggressiveness, while corporate social responsibility, earnings management, and firm size have no influence on tax aggressiveness.


The present study describes the life history of Gymnotus sp. n., a species classified as Endangered in the last published list of threatened species of fauna of Rio Grande do Sul state, regarding the species reproductive biology and feeding habits. The sampling occurred once a month from March/2011 to February/2012 in the Refúgio da Vida Silvestre Banhado dos Pachecos (RVSBP), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The reproductive period of Gymnotus sp. n. was estimated from November to February with peaks of gonadossomatic index (GSI) occurring in October for both males and females. Females were histologically classified as spawning capable from November to February; whereas males in the same phase of gonadal maturation were observed in August and from November to February. The species presented fractional spawning with the lowest average relative fecundity among the Gymnotifomes species studied at the present. The GSI of both males and females was significantly related to the stomachal replation index (RI). The low values of fecundity and the decrease in males RI values after the


About 10% of Canadians 65 years and older have some form of mild cognitive impairment that is often undetected. Will they benefit from pharmacologic or nonpharmacologic interventions? Seventeen randomized controlled trials were included in this systematic review that looked at the effectiveness of treatment for mild cognitive impairment. Of the studies evaluating effects of treatment on cognition (using the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale, cognition subscale), there was no difference between intervention and control groups for cholinesterase inhibitors, behavioural therapy and vitamin E. In studies looking at effects of treatment on the Mini-Mental State Examination, cholinesterase inhibitors and dietary supplements or vitamins showed no effect (Figure 2); however, there was a significant difference favouring intervention for behavioural therapies (mean difference 1.01, 95% confidence interval 0.25–1.77). There was no increase in the risk of serious adverse events for both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions. This review found no evidence for the benefit of pharmacologic interventions, including cholinesterase inhibitors, in treating mild cognitive impairment. Although a small cognitive benefit was observed with behavioural therapies, the clinical significance of this remains uncertain. CMAJ Open 2015;3:E419-27. Highlights


Cu electropolishing has recently been introduced to replace Cu-chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). In this work, we found that when the space width is fixed, the planarization efficiency (PE) decreases with increasing line width. When line width is fixed, the PE value decreases as space width increases. Furthermore, the average roughness (Ra) of blanket Cu films decreases as polishing time increases. After electropolishing, the resistivity of polished films is not obviously changed.


The author evaluates the effectiveness of Russian research studies in quantum technologies (including use of quantum computers, quantum cryptography, quantum communications) in 2011–2020. The analysis is based on the Russian Science Citation Index and scientometric indicators: researcher publication activity – yearly number of publications of research findings, citations and penetration of these publications.The author found that almost till the end of the reviewed decade the number of publications and citation had been constantly increasing which evidenced on the increasing interest of Russian researches toward this area not prevented even by the 2014 crisis: at the end of the period, the number of publications outstripped the minimum of 2011 four times, and in 2013, it exceeded the citation maximum two times. The author points to the fact that the highest publication activity and citation of Russian researchers was in the area of quantum computers, and the lowest – in quantum communications; the highest demand was demonstrated in 2012 in quantum communications. The maximum penetration in the area of quantum computers of 2017 is approx. by half and twice lower than the similar indicator in quantum cryptography in 2011 and quantum communications.The relatively low indicators of penetration of research products in 2020 via all vectors are obviously of the same nature as the low citation indexes in 2020: the delayed response of scientific community to current year publications. The highly demanded vectors of studies in various areas of quantum technologies are determined. The illustrations are provided.


On 3 April 2020, Professor Steven G. Herman passed away at his home near Yelm, Washington, with his family by his side. Steve was born in Elyria, Ohio, in 1936 and grew up in the San Francisco Bay area. His interest in natural history started with a childhood spent outdoors with snakes, birds, and other wildlife. He developed an early interest in falconry that would last the rest of his life. Over his lifetime, Steve could be found in wild places—looking through a spotting scope at a raptor nest, teaching students to appreciate science and beauty, swinging a lure for a returning falcon, or arguing fiercely in defense of wildness. Steve's appreciation for the natural world encompassed science, art, poetry, and even music. After a stint as a medic in the US Army from 1959–1961, his interest in wildlife led to a bachelor's degree in Biology (1967) and a Ph.D. in Zoology (1973), both from the University of California at Davis. He married Nancy Eberle in 1966 and they had two daughters, Jennifer and Sallie. Steve is survived by his daughter, Sallie Herman, his granddaughter Jessica Herman, his great-grandson Grayson Charlton, former wife Nancy, loyal dog Dulce, and his peregrine Guapo. In 1971, Steve joined the faculty of The Evergreen State College (hereafter Evergreen College) in Olympia, Washington, teaching an estimated 2500 students over 47 years. He developed a unique and intensive approach to teaching students about natural history, grounded in the traditions of Charles Darwin and Joseph Grinnell. Steve defined natural history as: Steve in the field with his dog Thelma and peregrine Sweet (Photo by Jill Krumlauf).


but related sets of issues must be dealt with: on the one hand social and physical questions concerning the planning and development of towns; on the other hand the economic questions arising in connection with industrialization. These two sets of problems should meet and be resolved in urbanization policy. The political and administrative machinery and the procedures used at the various levels of government will affect the character of the policy, the quality of the plans which are intended to embody the policy, and the effectiveness of their realization.


The potential of {polyethylene glycol 400 + potassium citrate} aqueous biphasic system (ABS) with ionic liquid (IL) 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide ([C4C1im]Br) as an adjuvant is examined for the extraction of l‐phenylalanine (Phe), as a model biomolecule, at different temperatures and system compositions. The binodal curves and liquid–liquid equilibrium data were determined by the addition of 5 wt% IL to investigate its effect on phase diagrams and Phe partition coefficients. The results indicate that binodal curves of systems with and without IL are more deviated from each other with decreasing temperature. Moreover, IL has a high tendency to partition into the PEG‐rich phase. This tendency increases with increasing temperature and system compositions. For Phe, the partition coefficients obtained in this work (KPhe ≈ 5.5–81.2) are significantly higher than those observed in other conventional PEG‐inorganic salt ABS (KPhe ≈ 0.5–2.5), water‐immiscible ILs two‐phase extraction systems (KPhe ≈ 0.02–1.2), or even, in the IL‐based ABS with the same IL as the main phase‐forming component (KPhe ≈ 3.2). The phase hydrophobicity, salting‐out and π⋯π stacking seem to be the main driving forces to affect the extraction aptitude of the studied ABS for Phe. Furthermore, the performance of using [C4C1im]Br as adjuvant to improve the partition of Phe in the studied ABS at different temperatures seems to be ruled by the differences in the phases hydrophobicities. Finally, the experimental tie lines and partition coefficients are accurately correlated using the NRTL model. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2018 © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:1149–1166, 2018


A method for transforming waste into carbon in a reactor, said method comprising: a) drying the waste by submitting said waste to a pressure of at least 3 bar, and a temperature of at least 250 DEG C; b) releasing the water vapor out of the reactor, and; c) carbonizing at least partially the waste by maintaining said waste during a period of time of at least 5 minutes to a pressure of at least 3 bar, and a temperature of at least 250 DEG C, thereby obtaining carbon; and d) optionally separating non-organic material from the obtained carbon.


Haemophilus strains usually identified as Haemophilus influenzae biotype IVbelonging toa cryptic genospecies areresponsible forgenital andneonatal infections. Asafirst approach toidentifying thebacterial factors involved inthepathogenesis ofthese unusual diseases, we studied thepiliation, adherence, andinvasion properties of17strains assigned tothis cryptic genospecies. Twelvestrains spontaneously displayed abundant peritrichous piliation, andtwostrains expressed peritrichous pili after enrichment procedures. Forvirtually all strains, piliation correlated withadhesion tocultured HeLacells ofgenital origin andtoa lesser extent with adhesion toHEp-2cells oflaryngeal origin. A variation intheadherence properties ofthevarious strains was observed: allpiliated strains except oneadhered to50to100% ofHeLacells, witha mean numberofbacteria percell varying from4to50.Adherence was notdependent on thestate ofgrowth formoststrains, was more pronounced withHeLacells thanwithHEp-2cells for10ofthe12highly adherent strains, was timeand inoculum dependent, andwas notfollowed bysignificant invasion ofcells. Mostofthestrains belonging tothis unusual Haemophilus clone possessadhesins thatdonotrecognize erythrocyte receptors, since agglutination of humanerythrocytes was observed withonly3ofthe14piliated strains.


Lauschova I.: Influence of Estrogen and Progesterone on Ultrastructural Indices of Oviductal Epithelium in Sexually Immature Mice. Acta Vet. Brno 1999, 68: 13-21. The influence of estrogen and progesterone on the oviductal epithelium of sexually immature mice aged 14, 21, and 28 days was studied using electron microscopy. These ages were used because the postnatal differentiation of the oviductal epithelium is completed in all substantial features. Each group was divided into three subgroups of 8-10 mice: controls, mice treated with estradiol, and mice treated with estradiol and progesterone. The administration of steroid ovarian hormones generally induced acceleration of the development of oviductal epithelial cells. The ultrastructure of these cells was similar to that of adult mice with normal estrous cycle. While estradiol influenced both ciliated and secretory cells and stimulated their proliferation and differentiation, the ultrastructural marks of increased secretory activity and degeneration of ciliated cells were observed after the progesterone administration. Ultrastructural changes of the oviductal epithelium exposed to exogenous estrogen and progesterone showed distinct regional differences. The height of the epithelium was evaluated as well. The measurement was made, both in controls and animals treated with hormones (mean values of differences of the epithelium height between estrogenized and progesteronized animals were 3.23 µm in the preampulla, 4.16 µm in the ampulla, and 2.02 µm in the isthmus), and also in the all segments of the oviduct: the epithelium is the lowest in the ampulla (14.25-18.34 µm), while, conspicuously, the higher epithelium lined the preampullary and isthmic segment (18.04-19.17 µm and 19.97-20.13 µm). The results of present study serve to verify the sensitivity of the tubal epithelium of sexually immature mice to exogenous steroid hormones of the ovary and to give preliminary morphological concept for immunohistochemical study of respective hormone receptors. Postnatal development, oviduct, ciliation, secretion, ovarian hormones, mouse


OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of proteoglycan extracted from fish cartilage for the acceleration of wound healing.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Second degree burn wounds were induced by an electrical hot plate measuring 2 cm in diameter and set at a temperature of 90 oC and placed on the back of rats for 10 seconds. Rats were randomly assigned to receive 1 gram of cream base (control group), 1% silver sulfadiazine (SSD), 1% proteoglycans (PG), 2% PG, a combination of 1% SSD + 1% PG, or a combination of 1% SSD + 2% PG applied to burn wounds to accelerate wound healing immediately after burning and once daily until day 27 post-burn. The toxicity of the rats' liver and kidney functions were evaluated on day 7, 14, 21 and 28.

RESULTS: An evaluation of liver function tests showed on day 28 that the level of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase of rats treated with 1% SSD, 1% PG, 2% PG, combination of 1% SSD + 1% PG and combination of 1% SSD + 2% PG were not signifi cantly different when compared to the control group. An evaluation of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, on day 28 showed the level of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine of rats treated with 1% SSD, 1% PG, 2% PG, combination of 1% SSD + 1% PG and combination of 1% SSD + 2% PG were not signifi cantly different when compared to the control group.

CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that PG extracted from fish


Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay. With unprecedented access to information, the internet can be a source of useful material. However many times, so-called experts share specious advice. In this article, Phil Yaffe addresses a widely discussed topic, clear writing, and dives deeper to fix the flaws found in regurgitated writing advice.


Background and Objectives: The principal aim of this paper is to show an independent vector control of two five-phase Linear Induction Motors (LIMs) that are supplied from a single VSI. Methods: The LIMs are running at the same speed but with different load conditions. This concept can be especially beneficial in long trains with distributed power. To achieve excellent control characteristics and to reduce the undesirable tension forces between the train mechanical couplers, Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLCs) have been utilized.Results: As a result, the fault occurrence of the train control systems decreases, and the system reliability increases. The results prove the electrical independence in control of a five-phase two-LIM drive supplied with a single VSI. Furthermore, in the presence of the train mechanical couplers and connections, the application of FLC offers excellent control characteristics and reduces the undesirable tension forces. Furthermore, to obtain a more worthwhile validation of the theoretical results, an experimental set up has been constructed and results have also been presented.Conclusion: According to the results, the undesirable tension forces imposed on train couplers are reduced. Consequently, it leads to higher system efficiency, lower deterioration of the train couplers and connections, greater system reliability, and higher passenger safety and comfort.


Strategy: The IOWA Model of EBP (Titler et al, 2001) was used to guide the project. Practice Change: Baseline audit of 90 PIVs identified current practice: 40% of the PIV sites were not visible, clear dressings were only used 40% of time, IV protectors were used in 11.7% of the PIVs, no catheter stabilization devices were used, and mean duration of PIV was 38.2 hrs. A pilot to test the evidence change bundle in practice was implemented on 2 medical surgical units using an IV start kit manufactured to contain the EBP materials Evaluation: Following successful pilot testing improvement in baseline measures, staff satisfaction (98%) and decreased cost of IV kits ($1.29 less than purchasing items individually), a staff education program and the new EBP bundle were initiated on inpatient units house wide. Results: Outcomes 6 months post implementation indicated strong improvement in practice – 95% of sites were visible, IV protectors used in 81%, clear dressings used 92%, catheter stabilization devices used 74%, and mean duration of IV increased to 62.9 hrs. Policy changed to incorporate EBP. Recommendations: Incorporate pilot evaluation measures into on-going QI audits to determine longterm success. Lessons Learned: "See Me See My IV" slogan, multiple learning opportunities, and feedback on specific results increased success. Bibliography


Quantum coherent feedback control is a measurement-free control method fully preserving quantum coherence. In this paper we show how time-delayed quantum coherent feedback can be used to control the degree of squeezing in the output field of a cavity containing a degenerate parametric oscillator. We focus on the specific situation of Pyragas-type feedback control where time-delayed signals are fed back directly into the quantum system. Our results show how time-delayed feedback can enhance or decrease the degree of squeezing as a function of time delay and feedback strength.


This paper mainly introduces the standards,items,instruments,methods and the selection of assessment parameters and especially the ways to deal with the radioactive wastes during tunnel construction.Some suggestions have been put forward for future environmental monitoring.


Power quality problems have become an important issue in electrical power systems design and operation. Therefore, methods to identify and quantify these problems are receiving increased attention. A good deal of those methods rely on the time-varying phasor description of power system currents and voltages. This paper is an attempt to summarize two established processing techniques to obtain these quantities based on a time sampled data stream. The first class of methods is based on the Fourier transform, whereas the second is model based. Finally, references to new processing techniques are given.


Abstract : The primary mission of Air Force dentistry is to provide world-wide oral health services to its personnel. The dental needs of special military groups are influenced by operational activities, environments, and physiologic stresses. Special military groups can be divided into: the recruit, combat personnel, flying personnel, closed-systems personnel, and aeromedical evacuees. The Air Force has developed a vigorous program of personal, preventive dentistry. A new, intermediate or holding-type restorative dental filling material (PIRM) has been developed for effective and rapid dental treatment under adverse conditions in Southeast Asia and other remote areas. Barodontalgia, the phenomenon of dental pain due to changes in barometric pressure, has been linked to the altitude, flight profile, and pre-existing pathologic conditions in aircrew members. (Author)


older adults. It is very important to examine the relationship between sarcopenia and cognitive decline. Another study also found an association between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment,2 and sarcopenia intervention, such as rehabilitation nutrition,3 may contribute to prevent dementia. However, we have several concerns regarding the participants and statistical analyses. First, there appear to be some issues with the variables used in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. In this logistic regression analysis, the model consisted of 7 independent variables (age, sex, body mass index, educational background, family structure, pre-Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] scores, and the presence or absence of cognitive deterioration). We think that a reliable logistic regression analysis requires 10 or more events per independent variable.4 Otherwise, the regression coefficients are biased.4 In this study, at least 70 events were needed for 7 independent variables for the analysis to be stable. The regression model used in the study by Nishiguchi et al1 appears to be unstable, because of its relatively small sample size. A total of 131 participants were examined and the maximum possible number of events (the side with fewer numbers of participants with/without cognitive decline) was 65. However, the authors did not describe the number of participants who were classified into the cognitive deterioration group. Second, the number of participants with sarcopenia among 79 participants (38%) who did not complete the follow-up survey was not mentioned. If many of the 79 participants were diagnosed with sarcopenia, the interpretation of the research results might be quite different, because there were only 10 participants in the sarcopenia group. Therefore, the authors should describe the number of participants with sarcopenia, MMSE scores, and reasons for the incompletion of the follow-up survey of the 79 participants. Finally, interpretation of the 2-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) is difficult. The authors did not clearly describe whether the dependent variable was the rate of change of MMSE or postMMSE score. In addition, they set more than 1 covariate, although they did not indicate whether or not they examined the interaction between the covariates. Existence of interaction between the covariates may be associated with the results of the 2-way ANCOVA. It would be helpful if the authors could address these concerns so as to clarify their findings.


As industrialization and urbanization of rapid development,resources and ecological environment in China has become the focus of attention of urban development,how to construct a new type city of ecological security and environment friendly,it become an important subject of urban development.Langfang City,in two major cities of Beijing and Tianjin,has good ecological environment basis,in Hebei Province was the first group to build an eco-city.During the preparation and compile of "Langfang City eco-city construction plan",we have adopted a multi-disciplinary cross-study,summed up the experience of cities at home and abroad,bring forward a new basis for decision making for economic development,urban construction and ecological environment construction.


Fifty-four objectives were identified to guide the screening of the Nevada Research and Development Area of the Nevada Test Site for relatively favorable locations for the disposal of nuclear waste in a mined geologic repository. The objectives were organized as a hierarchy composed of 4 upper-level, 12 middle-level, and 38 lower-level objectives. The four upper-level objectives account for broad national goals to contain and isolate nuclear waste in an environmentally sound and economically acceptable manner. The middle-level objectives correspond to topical categories that logically relate the upper-level objectives to site-specific concerns such as seismicity, sensitive species, and flooding hazards (represented by the lower-level objectives). The relative merits of alternative locations were compared by an application of decision analysis based on standard utility theory. The relative favorabilities of pertinent physical conditions at each alternative location were weighted in relation to the importance of objectives, and summed to produce maps indicating the most and the least favorable locations. Descriptions of the objectives were organized by the hierarchical format; they detail the applicability of each objective to geologic repository siting, previously published siting criteria corresponding to each objective, and the rationale for the weight assigned to each objective, and the pertinent attributes for evaluating locations with respect to each objective. 51 references, 47 figures, 4 tables.


This paper presents a novel approach that is able to detect the power quality disturbances present in transient as well as steady-stable signals with the information of magnitude of the disturbances. This method uses the continuous wavelet transform (CWT). A new difference coefficient matrix (DCM) is proposed which is calculated from the difference of the CWT coefficients of the pure sinusoidal signal and the disturbed signal. Then, the scale wise sum of rows of DCM gives unique feature matrix (UFM). This paper shows that UFM posses the unique features that can be used to generate the unique signatures of various disturbances. These signatures not only reveal the information which can be used for the classification of the power quality disturbance but also provide the information about the magnitude of the disturbance of the signal. A case study is presented which verifies the proposed approach.


A method for improving the heat transfer and radiation effect of reinforced resin-diamond abrasive disk and elongating its service life features that the powdered filler with high heatconductivity chosen from aluminium nitride, boron nitride and silicon carbide is used as part of its raw materials, and because of high heat conductively, the present filler can replace powdered copper.


In recent years striking improvements have been made in virtually all types of automotive technologies, starting with those related to the basic functions of moving, turning and stopping. Given such an atmosphere of improvement, automakers are demanding increasingly severe levels of noise and vibration, and demands being made of steering makers are no exception to this trend. Kickback, or vibration created when input from the road is transmitted to the steering wheel as the vehicle travels over bumpy roads, is one phenomenon responsible for steering system vibration. The suspension system is another main cause of vehicle vibration. A report is given herein on how kickback has been reduced without changing the vehicle design by attaching a check valve to a rack & pinion type power steering gear.


Based on characteristics of students in College of Engineering,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,characteristics of high-rise building structures course,and the demand of application-oriented talent training,we studied new teaching methods and means for high-rise building structures course,and concluded teaching experience of high-rise building structures.Changing teaching content and methods for different students,setting up a systematic knowledge system considering with related courses,utilizing specifications and engineering examples,changing test methods,and improving teachers' capabilities were effective ways.


Circuitry using fuse and anti-fuse latches (62) for selecting the number of input/output channels (98, 109) after encapsulation is disclosed. The various embodiments allow conventional bond pads (14, 16, 18) to be used for initial selection of the number of input/output channels prior to encapsulation. However, by providing different selection signals (52, 54), the number of input/output channels may be changed by the user at any time after encapsulation. Other embodiments employ "enable" latch circuits (133,135) allow the initial selection by the users at any time after encapsulation, and then at least one more subsequent selection.


This study was conducted in Nallihan Bird Paradise (Nallihan, Ankara), which displays seasonal wetland characteristics. Within the scope of this study, a 12 month field study between August 2000 and July 2001 was carried out in order to determine the avifauna of Nallihan Bird Paradise. One hundred and thirty bird species belonging to 14 orders and 41 families were recorded in the study area. It was concluded that this area was probably used by a total of 41 actual and/or possible bird species for breeding purposes.


Yu Ji was a famous literary man and philosopher in the Yuan Dynasty,and a student of the Zhu Xi School of thoughts,but he didn't stick to the conventional rules,set off to study Lu Jiuyuan psychology.The noted essay by him 600 years ago,On the New Memorial Temple of Lu,is considered to be a milestone in building Xiangshan Culture with its profound scholarship and extensive knowledge,offering great historic and realistic values.


in view of the emphasis on disease management and clinical research, the authors introduced the evaluation and construction methods of the departments based on disease management. Introduction to the selection process of the evaluation and construction methods of such departments, the authors expounded the construction thought of clinical research evaluation system. This paper analyzed the important role of clinical scientific research in the formation of hospital characteristic advantage and leading position, then suggested that hospitals should take research-type diseases as the basis, promote steady breakthroughs in their medical services and scientific research level, and fully reflect the responsibilities of tertiary hospitals.

Key words:
Disease management; Discipline construction; Performance management; Clinical research


Jouko Lindstedt, Ljudmil Spasov and Juhani Nuorluoto, eds. The Konikovo Gospel: BiM. Pair. Alex. 268. Commentationes Humanarum Litterarum, vol. 125. Helsinki: Societas Scientiarum Fennica, 2008. lxxxiv, 440 pp. Maps. Illustrations. Notes. Bibliography. euro35.00, cloth.The recently discovered Bibl. Pair. Alex. 268 is a late eighteenth- or early nineteenthcentury bilingual Greek and Macedonian Sunday Gospel manuscript written in Greek letters. Not only is this manuscript the oldest known large representative of Slavic dialects of the Greek province of Macedonia and the oldest known translation of the Gospel in Modern Macedonian, it also has the particularity of offering the text in two columns, one for the Greek and one for its Macedonian translation, a Lower Vardar dialect. Whereas the identity of the original translator is unknown, the last editor of the text has been identified as Pavel Bozigropski (c. 1800-1871), a cultural and ecclesiastical activist who, according to a myth created by Jordan Ivanov, prepared a printed edition of the entire manuscript in Thessalonica. In fact, only four pages of the Macedonian text in Greek letters were ever printed, in 1852.The present volume is an edition and commentary of the manuscript, carried out by a Finnish- Macedonian team led by Jouko Lindstedt (University of Helsinki) and Ljudmil Spasov (University of Skopje). While the Finnish team prepared a parallel edition of the Greek text and of its Macedonian counterpart transliterated in Latin script, the Macedonian team completed the transcription of the Macedonian translation in Cyrillic letters. Extensive notes accompany these editions, mostly related to graphics and spelling, as well as to Bozigropski' s revisions. The reader will also find an edition of the four pages printed in 1852 in Latin and Cyrillic scripts, along with their analysis and photographic reproduction. Finally, this volume comes with a beautiful coloured facsimile of the manuscript in an appendix. All in all, the editors must be commended for their remarkable deciphering and explanatory work. Indeed, while writing the Macedonian text with the Greek alphabet must have proved a challenge at the time of its composition - there was little tradition in this regard - reading a Slavic language in Greek letters is equally not for the fainthearted.The various editions are followed by detailed, often overly technical, studies of phonology, dialectology, morphology, lexicology and onomastics, which will prove interesting to expert linguists only. Considering the lack of information on the spoken language of the Lower Vardar region 200 years ago, the authors' meticulous attempts to precisely locate this work in its regional context on the basis of linguistic analyses constitute a complex, yet fascinating, exercise. …


Objective
To study the mechanism of two-component system of MprAB and TrcRS in synergistically regulating gene rv1057 expression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Methods
The in vivo specific binding capability of MprA and TrcR with the target gene promoter region was analyzed using electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The transcription level of target gene was analyzed by using fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and all results were compared with the fold changes in H37Rv strain plus SDS group, which was set as one unit. The expression level of target gene was analyzed by using western blot; the transcription ability of different promoter region of rv1057 was detected through lacZ report gene. The t test was used for statistical analysis.

Results
MprA was able to bind to trcR promoter. The expressions of trcR in D981 and H37Rv strains without SDS were 1.7 and 2.5 folds of the expression of H37Rv strains with SDS groups, respectively. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant (t=18.54, P<0.05). With SDS, the expressions of trcR in D981 and H37Rv strains were 1.0 and 2.1 folds of the expression of H37Rv strains plus SDS group, respectively. The expressions of trcR in D981 and H37Rv strains were significantly different (t=15.86, P<0.05). After adding SDS during the culture of H37Rv strains, the expression of trcR in H37Rv decreased. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant (t=16.99, P<0.05). Both MprA and TrcR were able to bind to rv1057 promoter and regulate its expression. MprA activated the expression of rv1057, while TrcR repressed the expression of rv1057.

Conclusions
MprAB and TrcRS synergistically regulate the expression of rv1057. MprA is activated in the presence of SDS, which represses the transcription of trcR and activates the transcription of rv1057. However, TrcR represses the transcription of rv1057 in the absence of SDS.

Key words:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis; rv1057; MprAB; TrcRS; Coordinate regulate


THE OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA (OSA) SYNDROME IS A VERY PREVALENT RESPIRATORY SLEEP DISTURBANCE THAT INDUCES EXCESSIVE SLEEPINESS LEADING TO an increased risk of accidents and deterioration in quality of life. OSA is also an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases,1 although the exact mechanisms involved are not well known despite the considerable effort made in recent years. Given the concurrence of a number of confounding variables, such as those characterizing the metabolic syndrome, it is difficult to draw precise and definitive conclusions from patient studies. Patient data also make it difficult to investigate the detailed mechanisms causing the consequences of OSA. Specifically, the relative roles played in the pathophysiology of sleep apnea by fluctuations in oxygen, carbon dioxide, behavioral state, respiratory drive, ventilatory effort, and upper airway intraluminal pressures are not known. To advance our understanding of which patients with sleep apnea are at greater risk for morbidities and to target treatment to relevant perturbances, it is essential that we understand the interactions of physiological variables. Accordingly, animal models, which avoid comorbidities and allow invasive measurements under well-controlled experimental conditions, are a useful tool to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms determining the consequences of OSA. Although a number of animal models have been proposed to this end,2,3 no model has been so far described to noninvasively apply a chronic pattern of controlled airway obstructions mimicking the ones experienced by OSA patients. The aim of this work was, therefore, to develop and test the feasibility of such a model for OSA research.


The focus of this study is how learning process about IFRS in accounting curriculum Universitas Surabaya and STIE Perbanas Surabaya using qualitative research paradigm. Interviews, observations, and documentary analysis were used during data collection processes. The result of this study is the curriculum of accounting educationof Universitas Surabaya and STIE Perbanas Surabaya have been updated with IFRS. The accounting lecturers of these universities never facing any significant difficulty in adjusting the accounting education curriculum because so many training, seminar, or socialization about IFRS have been participated. Learning methods and support from institutions become evaluation in the current process of accounting education. The learning methods for accounting students of Universitas Surabaya and STIE Perbanas Surabaya have no significant difference although they use different approaches. In term of the support of institutions, Universitas Surabaya is better than STIE Perbanas Surabaya.


I describe a technique using ophthalmic viscosurgical devices to perform cataract surgery in patients taking tamsulosin (Flomax). The 6-step method uses a combination variant of the soft-shell and ultimate soft-shell techniques and involves adjustments to flow parameters. It achieves satisfactory iris stability and permits uneventful surgery.


The present invention includes a first duct capable of transporting fluids (11) extends between the inlet (13) and an exhaust port (14) in said first duct (11), whereby said first duct (11) a second duct to form a bypass of a portion of (12), a second duct (12) comprising a pressure fluctuation source (15), the second the first duct and the duct (12) (11 ) either the said portion to a system for setting the path of the fluid (10) of the first embodiment allows the flowing to the portion of the fluid is mainly the first duct (11) a routing system (10) and the heat engine provided with an air circuit assembly having (1), said path setting system (10) is taken the first embodiment to the routing system (10)及 force to hold or move to allow And to hold member, said the area for closing all or part of the inlet, all of the exhaust port of the second duct in the first embodiment (12) of the said second duct in the first embodiment (12) or provided with, at least one of a region which closes a part, the routing system (10), the pressure fluctuations generated by the source (15) in said second duct (12) is a predetermined value when it exceeds, the fluid is disposed to assume a second configuration that allows to Tsuryu primarily to the second duct (12), this time, the pressure fluctuations exerted by the holding member against the force, with respect to either or both of the area of the routing system (10), exert a force that allows the switching to the second aspect, relates to an assembly (1).


ABSTRACT A simple, convenient, sensitive, and environmentally friendly analysis method for carbamate pesticide residues in vegetable samples was proposed by using electrokinetic flow analysis (EFA) with on-line hollow fiber liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction (LLLME) and ultraviolet spectrophotometry (UV). On-line LLLME conditions were investigated, including organic solvents, flow rate of sample loading, extraction times and sample volume, and so on. With dodecanol phase immobilized on the hollow fiber, the on-line LLLME unit could be operated for 150 hr. In each regeneration of dodecanol phase on the hollow fiber, the consumption of dodecanol was 50 µL, namely., the consumption rate was 0.33 µL h−1. By introducing 5.0 mL sample solution, the analytical time was 22 min and the enrichment factor of carbaryl achieved 300. The linear calibration range was from 0.0033 to 1.0 µg mL−1 carbaryl, which was used as a converted concentration for total carbamate pesticides. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) of peak height was 2.7% (n = 5) and the limit of detection (LOD) was 1 ng mL−1 carbaryl (K = 3, n = 11).