where is my downloaded mp3 from internet explorer?

Question: When I download an mp3 from internet explorer it opens and I can play it but after I cant find it anywhere on my phone. Is there a downloads equivalent like in android?
Answer: mp3 downloaded from IE or WhatsApp goes to an internal storage which is not accessible and no file manager is available to access those mp3.
However you can find those mp3 on you music player, mp3 are added automatically.
Alternative Answer
Use other browser such as UC Browser, that stores all the mp3 or any other data at your external SD card. And those areas are accessible by all file managers.


Difference between Requirements Engineering and Usability Engineering

Question: What arethe main differences in methodology between "Requirements Engineering" and "Usability Engineering"? Where do they overlap, where not? Which activities are common between the two and which are exclusive?
Answer: We have developed over the last few years our own SWE BOK in our company, and there we see the two disciplines like that:

Requirements engineering is the first of the disciplines which looks at the problem of the customer (only). It has to ignore completely the solution (even if you think you know it).
Usability engineering has to think about how to make the solution usable, therefore it defines requirements that ensure that usability will be part of the solution.
They overlap only in the part where the requirements that ensure usability are defined.

Requirements are seen in our nomenclature like that:

Functional requirements
Non functional requirements

Security
Usability
Maintainability
.... (all the ilities you may find in the context of computers

Project conditions (requirements which will not change, they are more like constraints).

As you can see, usability is part of the non functional requirements.
Comment: @ Roger. Just a word of caution - dividing it like that in some settings will a. get you nowhere, and b. be seen as a semantic distraction. If it works in a setting, that's awesome and very desirable, but it wont fly in many settings.
Comment: So requirements engineering is about the problem and usability engineering is about the solution. I like it. +1
Answer:
what do you think are the main differences in methodology between "Requirements Engineering" and "Usability Engineering"

Personally, I would not separate these out. I spend a lot of time acting as a business analyst for projects, and whenever possible I make sure that usability is part of the main requirements gathering effort. They may be listed in a sub-category, such as "Interface requirements" or "UI requirements" but the end result is the same - a list of expressions of need that are actionable and verifiable.

What are common Activities and what are exclusive ones...

Again, I see a large part of the efforts as being so intertwined that I don't see value in separating them out. All the usual activities apply:

requirement statement
functional details
test cases
verification with developers and QA

Edit: I see that mliebelt has posted a different approach; and that's perhaps the most important thing to state here - do what works in the local situation as no two development shops are the same, and so no two approaches will be the same.
Answer: I read the two replies by mliebelt and Gray a couple of times. I partially agree with both. It sounds correct to me to define UE as solution-oriented and RE as problem-oriented, but the current studies aim to focus on their intersection.
If we take a look at the recent reference in RE (e.g Alan M. Davi's book: JERM), we see that taking product/solution into account from early stages (i.e. RE) is recommended for developing the right product.
On the other hand, recently, there have been efforts to mix these two concepts, in order to develop products with higher usability. For instance, take a look at "Human-centered software Engineering" by A. Seffah et al. in which the main focus is to bridge the gap between UE and SE.
So I would say, however, previously RE and UE have been treated separately, nowadays, the importance of including usability requirements (and consequently some usability-related activities, i.e UE) in RE activities is being acknowledged. In particular, activities in UE that lead to creation of Usability specification. I still think usability evaluation is not part of RE by nature.
Comment: Also, I should add that basically RE has its roots in the SE (software engineering) filed while UE is mostly known and used by interaction designers (well, I'm not quite sure which field initiated that, but it has been an effort to deal with the fuzzy concept of usability in a more engineering way)


How to add Google Translate Web Element to site without having to drop code into every single page?

Question: To add Google's website translator to your website Google's instructions say that you must drop the code snippet into the body of every web page that you would like to be translated.  For webmasters managing multiple pages, is there a solution for dropping the code just once, and enabling the translator (and specified default language) for every webpage?
Answer: If your site works with templates, e.g. it has a common header.php file, you can drop the code in there.
Answer: Most people these days use Content Management Systems, so there's no need to drop the code in more than one place. Unless you're running a single-page website, there's no reason not to use a CMS, and it's inexcusable for a web developer to not provide one to their client.
There are a lot of times when you need to make site-wide changes to a website. Installing analytics or ad management code and changing layout designs or navigation and header/footer elements are just a few of the more common ones. Not having a CMS is going to create a lot more maintainability problems (violating DRY is just one of them) than just making it inconvenient to add Google Translate to each page.
Likewise, without a CMS, it makes it very difficult for the client to update their site. And the site will most-likely lack other basic features common to modern websites (search, comments, trackbacks, user management, RSS, tagging, etc.).
So fix the fundamental problem, and the rest will fall into place. Modern CMSes are easy to install and easy to use, and many of the best ones are open source. I mean, you can literally hire a high school student to install WordPress or some other CMS on your site for probably $20 (migrating an existing site and converting a design into a theme will cost a lot more though), and with full-page caching, the performance difference from a static site will be negligible. So there's very little reason not to do it (hence why static sites are a rarity these days).


Can Allah change the past?

Question: If we ask Allah to remove something from our past like it never happened, can He do that? I know Allah works in ways we couldn't even imagine.
Comment: Straight Answer-> "Everything is possible for allah"
Answer: Depends on what you mean by changing the past as some notions of it are possible some others not.
For example we know that whatever we do (good or evil) is recorded by angels or imprinted in our soul. But the concept of repentance and nullification (habt) in Islam imply that these effects can be altered by doing their antitheses: sins by good deeds; and good deeds by sins! This is the only notion of "changing past" that seems reasonable.
But by "changing past" if you are suggesting that God can somehow manipulate what took place in the past, that's a logical impossibility, firstly because past is past (a no-longer-existing reality) so how can God change something that does no longer even exist? Or assuming that He could, how could he change the past without affecting the present moment?
Therefore it is really impossible for Allah to change the past in that sense, nevertheless, similar as with the answer to the Omnipotence Paradox, this statement should not be understood as implying that Allah is incapable of something! This demands an extensive philosophical discussion that might be beyond what you really expected in an answer but if you are a serious thinker you will appreciate my elaborations below.
As you saw, changing the past implies two impossibilities; one of them (changing what no longer exists) is definitely absolute, that is not possible under any circumstance. But Muslims and theists in general are automatically hesitant to accept any statement that seems to imply 'impossibility' when the subject in the statement is 'God' for the fear of the negating the belief in God's omnipotence However that assumption is the result of poorly formulated logical concepts of God (if not total lack of any consistent logical definition), which is, by the way, very prevalent among both theists (laymen and scholar) and atheists.
But enlightened theist philosophers of the Peripatetic tradition argue that inherent logical impossibilities do not really suggest incapability for God, provided that we have a definition of God that is based on principles of logic (e.g. non-contradiction etc.) and consistent with other interrelated, proven philosophical theories.
To elaborate, if we establish as a "consistency framework" (for lack of a better term) that 1) "God is omnipotent," with 2) omnipotence defined as "capable of everything that is logically (i.e. inherently or essentially) possible," then 3) an absolute logical impossibility (regardless of particular instances) will not contradict God's omnipotence by definition.
The basis for theoretical limitation of God's omnipotence to only logical possibilities (and how that doesn't limit Allah's power in reality) is the premise that God is the supreme existence. A supreme existence is that which is the source of everything. Therefore, logical rules that refer to governing laws of being can in turn be argued to be emanating from God's existence. This also solves a common confusion between the logically-bound concept of God as opposed to His totally unbounded reality which is usually expressed in terms similar to "How can God be bound by rules of logic when He is all-capable?"
The implication of tracing rules of logic to God's existence is that if something is proven to be logically impossible, from a Theist worldview, it can be explained as God having not desired that thing to take place in the first place or that thing having not had any place in God's essence which is source of all reality! This renders questions such as "Can Allah change the past (which is a proven logical impossibility)?" to "Is Allah capable of changing what He has already decided not to be changeable?"
The answer to the reworked question in turn could also be both negative and positive as in "No, he is not, so long as He has not yet willed to change a law that has been in effect since the beginning of creation." and as in "Yes, he is if he wills so but so far he hasn't" with neither of them contradicting God's omnipotence.
Comment: Great answer. I think muslims has to read more logic and take courses in that. Great statement:

" that inherent logical impossibilities do not really suggest incapability for God, provided that we have a definition of God that is based on principles of logic (e.g. non-contradiction etc) and consistent with other interrelated, proven philosophical theories."
Comment: Very helpful answer that clearly explains the logical issues and puts them in context, fairly, with the religious view as well.
Comment: "That's a logical impossibility" what do you mean by that? Do you mean that God isn't able to do that? Remember, if He wills to do that He only orders by saying "Be" and it is. So simple for Him. In Quran, God Himself Says, "And nothin in the heavens or on earth is beyond God's Capability. Verily, He is All-Knowing, All-Capable. [35:44]
Answer: Yes, it is possible for Allah to remove your past as if it has never happened. That's because He says in the Qur'an (Q24:45):

"... Allah creates what He wills. Verily! Allah is Able to do all things."
I believe the more appropriate question to ask is: would He do that? As you know, it's not all our prayers that get answered. One of the possible reasons is due to Allah's wisdom and overriding order that He has already established. You may well ask, is it possible for Allah to make me not to die? Is it impossible for Him? No, of course not, but He had already decreed that "Every soul must have a taste of death" (Q3:185). Essentially, you're praying to Allah to act against His Will! However, Allah can overlook the past such that it's as if we have not committed a sin - for example - in the first place. This is available to anyone who makes sincere repentance to Allah and mend his/her ways.
Comment: "That's simply your opinion which you haven't supported with any verse of the Qur'an or Hadith. ".

I do not agree with you. Many scholars do agree with @infatuated. I Would say that it's your understanding of the verses and hadiths that are not supporting his statement. And yes, it's logically impossible.
Comment: Changing the past is a logical impossibility and a logical impossibility is even impossible for Allah. However the phrase "impossible for Allah" should not make us think that it is suggesting that Allah is incapable. It simply means something is inherently impossible to be and Allah's will doesn't apply to what is inherently impossible.
Comment: @infatuated That's simply your opinion which you haven't supported with any verse of the Qur'an or Hadith. My view is that Allah is able to do all things without exception and I believe this is the correct view. The very frameworks which establishes logic, the concept of space and time are creations of Allah. Allah could very well create another universe that defies logic as we know it. Unless you can provide a verse of the Qur'an or Hadith that states there are things Allah can't do - even those that are logically impossible - then your answer must be dismissed outrightly.
Comment: And as a general point, a solely literalistic approach towards understanding and interpreting religion is not just unpersuasive but even sterile. Without logical consistency you are not only never taken seriously by any genuine thinker, but there's literally no way you can convince even yourself that your interpretation is objective and truthful. How then can you be sure that you are not following only your illusions about religion?
Comment: did you read my separate answer? Statements that can be proven to be absolutely impossible are never subject of Allah's power. e.g. 2+2=5. According to the theory elaborated in my answer (which is actually based on the theories of muslim theist philosophers) saying that Allah can defy logic is tantamount to saying Allah can defy Himself. Do you think Allah can defy Himself? So to avoid the absurd we have interpret the Quran logically.
Comment: if you look at word QDR http://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=qdr i suspect its main meaning is to restrict , not to be able. ( this is from my comment http://islam.stackexchange.com/questions/11966/can-allah-create-a-rock-that-he-cant-lift?lq=1#comment39833_11966 )
Answer: First of all, whatever happens, happens with WILL of Allah. If something has happened, then its surely for your betterment. You just have to put your trust in Allah, and don't try to Change what has happened, instead, try to see the wisdom behind that happening that why it happened. Even if you might not find a clue that what was beter in it, still you have to trust Allah, that your creator never want anything BAD for you. It's just your limited knowledge, based on which you think that certain happening was WRONG and should NOT have happened. So dont worry
Answer: Allah has power over all the things. He can change the past also. But at the same time He is not unjust to anybody.
Once you have done something wrong its done.
On the basis of that you will be judged. So ask for forgiveness. He is the most merciful.
If He changes your past, what about others related to your past? He can fix that also. But He says He is just.
Even if He can, I don't think He will do it just because of you.
Allah knows all, He is best. He is best of the judges. He is all wise. He is just to everybody.
Answer: ALLAH is able to do anything this is overt because in the Quran it says "indeed ALLAH is able to do all things".
This can relate to me as i use to commit so many bad deeds and these deed shattered me like glass and i always felt guilty also ashamed, however, i remembered ALLAH is able to do anything so i prayed that my past (bad deeds) is not part of me; I swear to God i forget the majority of my bad deeds in like 2 days. it was like i didn't commit them.The minor sin that ALLAH left for me were probably reminders of not to go back to my old ways and live a new person.Always have faith in ALLAH.

Can Allah change the past?


Word for "parents with children who have moved out"?

Question: What do you call someone, or someone's point in life when their children have moved out and they have more time or are now willing to make riskier career choices?
Comment: This question has sparked a bit of a debate - is the question more about the name of the person who's children have left home or about the pursuing of a riskier career choice once the children are gone? I'm not sure one word or phrase covers both scenarios.
Comment: Some would call them "Lucky"
Answer: An empty-nester is "a person whose children have grown up and no longer live at home". Wiktionary offers the following explanatory etymology:

From birds whose offspring leave the nest when they reach maturity.
Answer: When one's children have grown up and moved out of the house permanently, the house is an empty nest, and the parent an empty-nester who may endure empty nest syndrome.
This identity is independent of career, educational, or professional milestones, however. Becoming an empty-nester does not necessarily mean one has more time or is willing to switch to a riskier or less remunerative occupation.
Answer: In terms of taking more risk with their career choice, a person who's fulfilled their financial obligation to their children and who's nest egg is comfortably lined can be called, depending on circumstances and age, by many names.  However what you are describing is someone who's pursuing a "2nd career".
I Googled "2nd career" and got 224,000,000 hits.  It is a phenomena that is being written about by financial and investment institutions and educational and retirement advisors as well.
"Encore Career" is also being used for this concept but to a lesser extent.
(What I could not find was a single word to call a person pursuing a "2nd career".)


Complexity of intersection of regular languages as context-free grammars

Question: Given regular expressions $R_1, \dots, R_n$, are there any non-trivial bounds on the size of the smallest context-free grammar for $R_1 \cap \cdots \cap R_n$?
Comment: ??? trying to visualize this. is there some trick? the intersection of $R_n$ is regular. one can find the minimal DFA (wrt state count) via standard methods which is also a CFG.
Comment: @vzn: you are right. The problem is that this DFA, and therefore the CFG, can be very large. I'm wondering if one can use the extra power of CFGs to obtain a more succinct description of the intersection.
Comment: conjecture not. suspect that every CFL that recognizes (ie is equivalent to) a RL does not use its stack or can be converted to one that doesnt with no increase in states, and the minimal such PDA (wrt state count) is the same size as the minimal DFA. have never heard/seen a proof of this. its maybe not hard? a simpler question, is there _any_ PDA that recognizes a RL that is smaller than the DFA? think not.
Comment: @vzn: Useful conjecture, but false: let $L_k$ be the subset of the Dyck languages on two types of parentheses where the maximum nesting depth is $k$. There is a CFG for $L_k$ of size $O(k)$, but the minimal DFA (even, I think, the minimal NFA) has size $O(2^k)$.
Comment: [Dyck languages](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyck_language) are CFLs but not RLs...? but see you are limiting maximum nesting depth... so then can you build up that same language with RL intersections? what/where is the proof that the minimal DFA is that large? is that $O(2^k)$ _states_? you do not define a minimality criteria or elsewhere & took states as a natural case but ofc its not the only one.
Comment: further thought/idea based on yours maybe $L_1' \cup L_2' \cup L_3' ...$ where $L_n'=\bar{L_n}$ and $L_k$ are Dyck languages with maximum nesting depth $k$ is sufficient?
Answer: This is a great question and it really lies within my interests.  I'm glad that you asked it Max.
Let $n$ DFA's with at most $O(n)$ states each be given.  It would be nice if there existed a PDA with sub-exponentially many states that accepts the intersection of the DFA's languages.  However, I suggest that such a PDA might not always exist.
Consider the copy language.  Now, restrict it to copying strings of length n.
Formally, consider $n$-copy $:=$ $\{ xx \, | \, x \in \{0,1\}^{n}\}$.
We can represent $n$-copy as the intersection of $n$ DFA's of size at most $O(n)$.  However, the smallest DFA that accepts $n$-copy has $2^{\Omega(n)}$ states.
Similarly, if we restrict ourselves to a binary stack alphabet, then I suspect that the smallest PDA that accepts $n$-copy has exponentially many states.
P.S.  Feel free to send me an email if you would like to discuss further.  :)
Answer: I don't think that there can be any non-trivial lower or upper bounds.
For lower bounds, consider the language $L_1 = \{ a^{2^k} \}$ for a fixed $k$. The size of the smallest context-free grammar is logarithmic in the size of $L_1$'s regular expression, whereas the size of the smallest automaton for $L_1$ is linear in the size of $L_1$'s regex. This exponential difference stays the same if we intersect $L_1$ with other such languages.
For upper bounds, consider a language $L_2$ that consists of exactly one deBruijn-Sequence of length $n$. It is known that the size of a smallest grammar for $L_2$ is worst-case, i.e. $O\left( \frac{n}{\log n} \right)$, so the difference to the "smallest" automaton for $L_2$ is simply a logarithmic factor, proposition 1 in

D. Hucke, M. Lohrey, E. Noeth Constructing Small Tree Grammars and Small Circuits for Formulas, to appear in FSTTCS 2014

A non-trivial general lower or upper bound would contradict those results, since what is true for the intersection of $n$ languages must be true for the intersection of $1$ language.
Comment: @MichaelWehar Yep, I only considered one single regular expression. Because if it should be true for the intersection of $n$ languages, then it certainly must be true for the trivial intersection. I don't know how to reformulate the question to exclude these cases. I added the reference, should have done that right away, sorry.
Comment: Thank you!  You were able to describe a specific example.  Here is a simple remark that leads to the existence of such examples.  Let n be given.  There are 2^n strings of length n.  Also, there are no more than 2^n Turing machines with at most n/log(n) states.  Therefore, some string x of length n such that no Turing machine with fewer than n/log(n) states accepts the language {x}.  Therefore, {x} is accepted by a DFA with n states and cannot be accepted by a PDA with fewer than n/log(n) states.
Comment: The remark on the size of the smallest grammar for the single deBruijn-Sequence is quite interesting.  Could you please provide a reference.  Thank you.
Comment: Also, I could be mistaken, but it seems that you only addressed the problem for a single regular expression (rather than a product of regular expressions)?
Answer: Let me second Michael's judgment, this is indeed an interesting
question. Michael's main idea can be combined with a result from the literature, thus providing a similar lower bound with a rigorous proof.
I will refer to bounds on CFG size in terms of the total number of alphabetic symbols in the $n$ regular expressions. Let this number be denoted by $k$. (As john_leo noted, we will not find any useful bounds in terms of the number of regular expressions taking part in the intersection.)
Neither the OP nor Michael did find it necessary to mention this, but
an upper bound of $2^{k+1}$ (on the number of states) for converting
an intersection of regular expressions into a NFA can be easily
proved. For the record, here it is: Convert the regular expressions
into Glushkov automata, which are all non-returning. Then apply the
product construction to obtain an NFA for the intersection of these
languages. (I suppose that one can improve the bound to $2^k+1$ or
so.) An $s$-state NFA can be converted into a right-linear grammar
(which is a special case of a CFG) of size $O(s^2)$ (if we measure
grammar size as total number of symbols on the left- and
right-hand-sides of the productions), thus giving size $O(4^{k})$.
This bound of course sounds horrible if you have practical
applications in mind. Trying to prove a better bound using nondeterministic
transition complexity instead of nondeterministic state complexity for
estimating the size of the NFA may be worth the effort.
The other part is finding a witness language that can be succinctly expressed as the intersection of regular expressions, but is necessarily cumbersome to describe with a CFG. (Here we need to establish a lower bound on the size of all CFGs generating the language, of which there can be infinitely many.)
The following argument gives a $2^{\Omega(\sqrt{k}/\log k)}$ lower bound.
Consider the finite language $L_n = \{\,ww^Rw \in \{a,b\}^*\mid |w|=n\,\}$, where $w^R$ denotes the reversal of $w$. Then $L_n$ can be expressed as the intersection of the following $2n+1$ regular expressions:

$r_i = (a+b)^ia(a+b)^{2(n-i-1)}a(a+b)^*+(a+b)^ib(a+b)^{2(n-i-1)}b(a+b)^*$, for $1\le i \le n$;
$s_i = (a+b)^*a(a+b)^{2(n-i-1)}a(a+b)^i+(a+b)^*b(a+b)^{2(n-i-1)}b(a+b)^i$, for $1\le i \le n$;
$\ell = (a+b)^{3n}$

The total number $k$ of alphabetic symbols in this intersection of expressions is in $O(n^2)$.
Using an argument given in the proof of Theorem 13 in (1), one can prove that every acyclic CFG that generates $L_n$ must have at least $2^n/(2n) = 2^{\Omega(\sqrt{k}/\log k)}$ distinct variables, if the right-hand side of each rule has length at most $2$. The latter condition is necessary for arguing about the number of variables, since we can generate a finite language with a single variable. But from the perspective of grammar size, this condition is not really a restriction, since we can transform a CFG into this form with only a linear blowup in size, see (2). Notice that the language used by Arvind et al. is over an alphabet of size $n$, and this yields a bound of $n^n/(2n)$; but the argument carries over with obvious modifications.
Still, a large gap remains between $O(4^n)$ and the abovementioned lower bound.
References:

V. Arvind, Pushkar S. Joglekar, Srikanth Srinivasan. Arithmetic Circuits and the Hadamard Product of Polynomials, FSTTCS 2009, Vol. 4 of LIPIcs, pp. 25-36
Lange, Martin; Leiß, Hans (2009). "To CNF or not to CNF? An Efficient Yet Presentable Version of the CYK Algorithm". Informatica Didactica 8.


Vapour pressure and equilibrium constant

Question: Consider a case I where I have a container halfway filled with a pure volatile solvent. Now we know that liquid molecules will start getting converted into vapour phase, and then dynamic equilibrium will be reached. The equilibrium constant here is given by $K= [P_0]$, where $P_0$ is the partial pressure of the vapours.  ($[P]$ due to pure liquids is considered as 1, so denominator is 1 and hence $K = [P_0]$).
Now we know $K$ only depends on temperature and is independent of any impurities being added, right?
Now, consider the case if I add some impurities to the pure solvent. We know there will be a lowering of vapour pressure and now if I write the equilibrium constant equation, $K = [P_1]$ , where $P_1$ denotes the new vapour pressure when impurities are present, and also $P_1 < P_0$.
So the problem is: $K$ has changed ! I mean previously $K$ was $P_0$ and now $K$ is $P_1$.
So $K$ value has changed by adding impurities. But my book says impurities has no effect on equilibrium constant. Where am I wrong?
Answer: Equilibrium constants contain activities of all components involved. For gases, these are proportional to partial pressures, so we use those instead. For liquids and solids, they are constant, so we tend to disregard them altogether. But the activity of a liquid ceases to be constant as you start adding impurities. All of a sudden, you have to use $K=\dfrac{P_{gas}}{a_{liquid}}$.


Losing body fat

Question: I'm currently assisting my dad in losing a significant amount of weight. He's 60, 6'0", weighs 230lbs (104kg) and eats very healthily, maintaining a well balanced diet. The trouble is he doesn't exercise at all, but he has recently decided he wants to cut body fat, which is a big problem for him, and reach a goal weight of around 204-208lbs. I see a lot of similar questions about this sort of thing on the site, but none of them are very suited to his situation. He has some trouble supporting his weight on his wrists, so things like push-ups, burpees etc aren't really an option until he loses weight. Another thing I was worried about is that his family has a very slight history of heart problems, so I don't want him to have excess fat building up around his heart anyway. I was interested in finding him a cardio/circuits program that would help his lose weight quickly (his main motivation is his wedding anniversary holiday in 5 weeks time) and to reduce his overall body fat content. A lot of it is centred around his waist, with a stereotypical 'beer belly', but I fully understand there isn't a way to target that specifically. Any help would be appreciated. I'm a rower, so I train everyday, so motivating him to come with me isn't a problem.
Comment: While the recommendations are good, there are a couple flags. The age, the family history, and the desire to lose 25 lbs in 5 weeks. All these add up to someone that is a candidate for a cardiac incident. I would highly recommend a physical before embarking on this.
Comment: Just going for a walk every day might be a good start. Walking has a relatively low impact on joints and isn't very intense, so it should be possible to keep it up for a good bit. An hour of normal walking burns ~300kcal, which isn't much, but it adds up. Maybe swimming and other aqua-activities are an option too.
Comment: With that kind of difficulty with exercising, it'll be easiest for him to begin by eating less. Even a healthy diet can consist of too many calories.
Comment: He's never had any heart trouble himself @JohnP, and he doesn't specifically want to lose all the weight in those 5 weeks, it's a long term goal. I just wanted to know some cardio exercises (just general, like cycling or swimming) that would help
Comment: I agree with @JohnP about a check-up before getting too vigorous. I would have him use a [heart rate monitor](http://fitness.stackexchange.com/questions/10055/what-should-i-be-looking-for-in-a-heart-rate-monitor) to be safe. Even though he has never had heart trouble, his advancing age, family history, inactivity and central waistline fat contribute to cardiovascular risk factors. (If his waistline measures 40" or more it is considered central obesity which can contribute to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.) Berin's rec. to begin with diet and walking is wise.
Comment: @alexheslop1 - For cardio, once he gets a little bit active cycling and swimming are both great activities as they are mostly non weight bearing. However, this does not promote muscle growth/retention as much as weight bearing activities do, so a mix with the stuff that Berin recommends would be a good course of action.
Answer: I think this is a case where some strength work on the machines can help your dad build up enough basic strength to support his weight to the point where he can do push-ups.  The thing is he is going to have to start a bit slower and build up momentum from there.  60 isn't that old, but if he's completely detrained he will likely fatigue pretty quickly.  For the goal of dropping about 25 lbs / 10-12 kg you're going to have the best bet to attack it on multiple fronts:

Diet.  Eating healthy is the first part of the battle, but he needs to eat less if he wants to weigh less.  Losing 1 lb / 0.5 kg a week would be a good pace.
Conditioning.  A humble start like walking 20-30 minutes a day would be a very good start.
Strength Training.  Since he's unable to do a lot of body-weight exercises at the moment, this is a good application of using the machines for lighter-than-body-weight work.  This will also help improve his overall quality of life when he can get up and down at will without having to think about it.

The goal here isn't making an athlete, but helping him move more and move better.  We also don't know how well he is going to adapt to exercise, or if he has any heart problems lingering.  The way I'd have him progress would be:

Start diet and walking immediately
After a couple weeks, if he deals well with the walking, add in some light strength work.
Over the next few weeks, if he can hit body weight loads he can start body-weight training

The light strength training should have the following components:

Squat movement.  Start with the leg press doing 3 sets of 5 reps and adding 5 lbs every time until he can leg press his body weight.  After that he can progress to body-weight squats.
Pull or hip/hinge movement.  These can be Romanian deadlifts with an empty bar, kettlebell swings, or back extensions (body weight)
Press movement.  Start with the incline press machine, and use the same approach as the squat movement until he can press 70% of his body weight for a set of 5.  That's roughly what would be needed to support push ups.

Once he can do the body weight movements, work on increasing reps with them and adding some variety to them.  He will be pretty fit if he can hit 50 body weight squats, 30 push ups, and 50 back extensions all in the same day (with multiple sets).  He'll also be able to move around pretty well.

Losing body fat


Why do aircraft sometimes bounce while landing?

Question: I've seen a few youtube videos where an aircraft bounces once/twice while landing on the runway. Why does this happen?
Comment: To err is human.
Comment: I found it quite interesting and right-on-subject: https://www.boldmethod.com/blog/2014/01/the-danger-of-porpoise-landings/
Answer: The FAA covers this in the airplane flying manual quite nicely:

Bouncing During Touchdown
When the airplane contacts the ground with a sharp impact as the result of an improper attitude or an excessive rate of sink, it tends to bounce back into the air. Though the airplane's tires and shock struts provide some springing action, the airplane does not bounce like a rubber ball. Instead, it rebounds into the air because the wing's AOA was abruptly increased, producing a sudden addition of lift...

There is some more info in the doc worth reading as well.
In the simplest terms this can be one of the outcomes of an unstable approach; oftentimes, when the approach speed is too high, bouncing will result. Touching down on the nosewheel first can also cause a very dangerous bounce case known as a porpoise.
In some cases wind shear can cause bouncing. In this case the shear may cause an unexpected downdraft, forcing the plane down onto the runway vertically and inducing a bounce, or it may cause an updraft leading to an overcorrection by the pilot to descend; when the updraft stops, the plane falls rapidly.
Comment: By the way, a bouncing landing is referred to as "N landings, one arrival" where N = the number of bounces.
Comment: @DarrelHoffman the locals claim in the comments that this thing *still* (in 2019 - since 2006) is in that airport with the front chassis removed and unrepaired since that incident, and used as a learning illustration for other student pilots.
Comment: This one is quite well known https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhUO4pdGCf8 and nicely shows the amplification and landing on the front wheel. Some aircraft would not survive that.
Comment: @VladimirF I'm not sure that one did survive.  I mean, it landed, but I'll bet it took a good bit of work before that thing could fly again...
Comment: Seems to me it happens more often when there is a strong crosswind, I'm guessing because of a higher approach speed used.
Answer: Tail draggers are especially prone to bouncing when landed badly, if the main wheels touch down first.
Just before touchdown, the wing is at the right angle of attack to generate enough lift to support the weight of the plane. If the main wheels touch down first, the tailwheel descends a bit further, which increase the angle of attack of the wing. Lift is then greater than weight, so the plane takes off again - albeit somewhat temporarily.
It's similar to landing tricycle undercarriage on the nose wheel first, except a much easier mistake to make.


How to burn a cd (files not iso) from the command line in Windows 7

Question: I have used robocopy and a script to copy files from various resources. I now want to have my script automatically burn the files I copied to a cd. I'm looking for a command. I have tried xcopy but I keep getting an invalid drive error when trying to copy to the cd burner drive. I'm thinking I should be able to do this with a command or two, instead of having the script open up windows explorer, change to the folder, etc.
Answer: Well, the  Windows 2003 Resource Kit had two CLI programs to burn ISO images.
I once saw a program using these in order to burn a folder, but afaik it did not work with files.
A good program designed for burning via command line is CreateCD.
This should do the trick, and probably is easier than getting cdrdao or cdrtools to work. Although they also have a good reputation ;-).
Additionally, popular burning freeware like CDBurnerXP, ImgBurn support burning from a command line.
I also use ImgBurn.


Why did some Mac computers have two names?

Question: Many, if not all of the Performa and Quadra systems seemed to have two names. For example the LC 475 was also known as the Quadra 605.
Answer:
Many, if not all of the Performa and Quadra systems seemed to have two names.

In the early 1990 Apple (re)named their machines as different lines, according to capabilities, to target different markets.

Macintosh LC (for low cost *1). Introduced in 1990 as new low end Mac developed (*2) mainly for the education market, with a special focus to replace Apple II installations (*3,*4).
Next (1991) the Quadra line was introduced. All new, 68040 based machines marking the upper end and replacing the Macintosh II as the professional line
1992 the Centris models were added. Meant to be the, well, center offering from Apple.
Starting in ~1993 the Performa line was added to cover the lower end / consumer market (the educational market was covered with the LC). Also, for sales through many general outlets (department stores and alike), it should avoid finding the same machine at lower prices than with a certified Apple dealership (where Centris and Quadra were sold).
And finally, mostly unknown, there was the Work Group Server line. Basically re-badged Centris/Quadra models with larger/multiple hard drives and one or more network cards.

This scheme was kept even until after introduction of the PowerPC based Macintosh. At that time the 68k Centris models were phased out or better sold as Quadras.  Except for a few machines all new ones were named Power Macintosh. At the time the naming scheme changed for Power Mac, all of the old names were phased out.

Sidenote:
While above naming system was purely marketing related, the numbers were meant to give a rough classification - at least in the beginning, with

2xx denoting the most basic (68020) based all in one machines
4xx being the pizza box compact machines
6xx denoting 'real' desktop
7/8/9xx for tower/Workstation machines.

Later the 5xx got inserted to denote more powerful all in one.
This numbering was kept (mostly) constant across all marketing lines and usually an indicator for the type of machine and its relative power. Between LC and Performa the numbers were often the same. The system even carried (mostly) over into the 4 digit power PC names.

For example the LC 475 was also known as the Quadra 605.

This isn't completely true. While they were technically close and had compatible boards, they were different machines. The LC475 had the tilted pizza box in the intermediate design between snow white (as LC/LCII had) and what the Quadra would be, while the Quadra 605 finished the transition with the new flat case with four wide feet.
Designation wise there were four (or 9) siblings

LC 475
Performa 475/6
Quadra 605
LC 575
Performa 575/6/7/8

This variety makes it one of the largest (the other being the 630-alikes (*5)) family of Macs - and eventually the best known.
The difference (beside the price) was due to the case used and features included. The LCs were usually the very basic configuration, but always sold in a bundle with a colour screen (*6), while the Perfomas came without, but with way larger disks and memory. The Quadras were usually available in similar configurations to the Performa, but with more options available and most importantly, only sold through authorized dealers.
Effectively Sculley just adapted the same strategy car makers use to tap different markets. The same engine and undercarriage is complemented by different bodies to make different cars. Much like VW built the Jetta, Scirocco, Corrado, Caddy, New Beetle and Touran around the VW Golf 'core' with different bodies and configurations, Apple built several differently-housed and configured models under different names based on the same core components.
Which is, if I may add, a great strategy - at least as long there is something like a brand awareness and not just a huge sea of compatible parts like on the PC side.

*1 - Code name Elsie
*2 - AFAIR IIsi and Mac Classic are part of this line
*3 - The original design asked for a machine much like the IIc, with an integrated keyboard, so all, except the monitor, would be in one case.
*4 - This includes the Apple IIe card for the LC PDS, so all/most Apple IIe software could still be used, even the 5.25 Drive could be attached (Which only works if the LC has 12 MiB RAM maximum - for more 32 Bit addressing must be enabled, making it incompatible with the IIe card).
*5 - Like Performa 630/1/5/6/7/8/DOS/CD, LC630/DOS, Quadra 630, LC580, Performa 580/8/CD, ...
Like with the 475 family there are different board versions - like the double slot Performa 630CD DOS which is eventually the best 68k Mac board to have - up to 136 MiB of RAM and tweekable to 50 MHz. A true rocket - and I still have no idea how to fill so much RAM on an 68k Mac :))
Then again, there are versions of the 475 board that do accept some 128 MiB SIMMs, as well as being tweeked for 40 MHz.
*6 - Until the LC575 was introduced at least.
Comment: Wikipedia puts the [Mac LC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_LC) release on October 15, 1990. Same place says [the Quadra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra) entered production in October 1991, but does not appear at a glance to give a release date.
Comment: Laptops (PowerBooks) were numbered 1xx without, and 5xx with the 68040 CPU.
Comment: IIRC, "LC" stood for "Low cost Color".  But I could be wrong.
Comment: @cbmeeks So there was as well a low cost without colour? :)) I guess, as tih many designators people made up various long form - don't you think so? Beside, it was sold to schools often as a package with a B&W screen.
Comment: @Raffzahn  https://ancientelectronics.wordpress.com/tag/macintosh-low-cost-color/     https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_LC_family (look for "elsie")    It appears both "Low Cost" and "Low-cost Color" are correct.
Comment: @cbmeeks 'correct' can only be one, but serious, I wouldn't put too much emphasis on. More interesting is this ancientelectronics site. It carries what I would call at least debatable assumptions and opinion instead of staying with facts.
Answer: To quote the wiki:

The model names reflect a decision made at Apple in 1993 to follow an emerging industry trend of naming product families for their target customers -- Quadra for business, LC for education, and Performa for home.
Comment: @MichaelKjörling What's gained (for the manufacturer) is being able to set a different price point for the same item when being sold to different end-users.  IOW, charge less for an item being sold to families through department stores, charge more for the same item sold to 'professionals' through a dealer.
Comment: @MichaelKjörling: This is called price discrimination. (Note: "discrimination" here is used in the literal meaning of "distinguish", not the legal meaning.) Ideally, you want to sell the same product to each individual at exactly the maximum price that this individual is willing to pay, i.e. you have a different price for every buyer. This is called individual pricing or first-degree price discrimination. Achieving this is hard, however, so there are two other strategies of approximating this. Third-degree PD / group pricing means selling to different groups at different prices.
Comment: Examples are student discounts, senior discounts, or different pricing in different countries. Second-degree PD / Product variants means that you create different brands of essentially the same product. This is essentially a "trick" to get the buyers to sort themselves into groups: you market the same product under, for example, a luxury brand and a cheap brand, and the buyers who have more money will want to buy the luxury brand, whereas the ones that can't afford it will buy the cheap brand. The thing that you are essentially missing is that the prices for A, B, C are not the same!
Comment: I'm not sure how the quoted text explains *why* the *same product* was sold under more than one name. It merely states that it *was*, which OP already knows. Yes, you could argue that it says it was for market segmentation, but why sell the same product under different names for market segmentation, rather than selling different products?
Comment: @MichaelKjörling - because building one product with N names is cheaper - you're selling more of them with the only difference being the case badge, so you get greater economy of scale.
Comment: @MichaelKohne So what is gained by selling X=A+B+C units under three different names, versus selling X units under a single name? Seems more likely to me to cause confusion. Demand should be similar, unless the name being used is inappropriate in some market. (As you can probably tell, I'm not a salesperson.) Canon does this today, using different names for the same camera in different markets... confuses the daylights out of me, at least.


How can an opposing civilzation survive when another civilization actively pursues genetic engineering?

Question: If one civilization pursues genetic engineering to create superhumans with superior intellect and everything else, how can other civilizations maintain a balance of power, apart from doing the same.
Comment: Invent conventional weapons and/or nuclear weapons and be ruthless about using them. Superior intellect on its own is hardly a guarantee of victory in war.
Comment: Sell them a political theory that cripples their society.
Answer: Focusing on Other Things
One possibility is other nations put their effort towards better materials, better tanks and engineering, better economics and the like. That, even with the more intelligent humans, the genetic engineering culture simply hasn't had time to catch up.
Head Start
If the genetic engineers had a much weaker nation, then even with their advantages they may still be behind for a long time.
Stealing Minds
Further on the previous point, if the richer nations started hiring some of the genetic engineering nation's genetically engineered talent, that could allow the other nations to parasitically enjoy some of that progress, and keep things even for longer.
Alliances
If the genetic engineering nation isn't careful, everyone will start to see its strength, and worry about it, and make alliances with one another to counteract its strength.
Draw Backs
It's possible the genetic engineering does not pan out as well as hoped, or at least not as often. If for every genius you get someone suffering from horrible cancer, or only a small percentage of those engineered possess remarkable positive traits, then the difference will be noticeable but not game changing for quite some time.
Or, if they make a nation of geniuses, but they become vulnerable to certain diseases or the people become more independent and less interested in war, various possible factors could lead to issues with pursuing a war.
Comment: The drawbacks are an especially important point. Almost everything you can do via genetics has some drawback somewhere; there is no magic genetic set that gives you the best of everything. Engineering everybody to have some set of genes for increased muscle growth, for instance, opens the possibility of a bioweapon or virus being developed that could target those genes: other nations lose a minority of their people to such weapons, but the geneticists get crippled by it. Or the increased muscle growth spikes energy requirements leading to more food consumption and thus fewer soldiers, etc.
Comment: @Palarran Very true. I did not cover this aspect thoroughly as the asker seemed to be working with more effective/advanced genetic engineering in their setting. I should've made the point about biological weapons, as you thankfully have, as they are the biggest weakness to a nation.
Comment: @Palarran +1.  It doesn't even have to be *developed*, it can arise naturally.  Potato famine, banana fungus...if the result of even selective breeding--let alone genetic engineering--is to sacrifice diversity, natural evolution will eliminate the resulting species eventually.  Homogeneity has psychological problems, too; "group think" can lead to catastrophic results in even small groups; at the level of a whole society, it could lead to decision-making so poor as to be outright self-destructive.
Answer: If  "everything else" includes high moral character and altruism, this is actually better than having two "primitive" neighbors fighting over resources and stupid fueds.  The superhumans will ensure that their more-natural neighbors are not exploited or cheated. Those are such unevolved characteristics, after all.
Comment: The more altruistic thing would be to bring them under your sphere of influence, so you can free the people from their tyrants and let them live in relative peace.
Answer: The genetic enhancements are being used to provide some sort of advantage to the people being modified, so rivals who are adverse or unable to match genetic engineering will need to provide similar enhancements some other way.
The most current method is to create and maintain a high trust society where people have lots of linkages and access to resources. These societies tend to be wealthier and capable of more rapid advancement than their rivals, and across a much wider spectrum of social, economic and other fields. For example, Russia currently has a GDP similar to Italy. It is an autocracy or oligarchy, and much of the resource base is consumed in military adventurism or siphoned off by the ruling class. Russia does not make any domestic coffee makers, despite the relative simplicity of these consumer goods because of the economic distortions created by their political class. Italy, on the other hand, produces,coffee makers, very high end luxury goods like sports cars, art and fashion, yet also has the ability to produce regular cars and a plethora of goods, foodstuffs, computer and other services (and service industries) with about the same sized economy. Even the average lifespan is longer in Italy. Genetically enhancing Russians isn't going to materially change that situation.
The next step would be to match genetic modifications with mechanical enhancements. If changing genes makes a person stronger, individuals who are not genetically enhanced can be given devices to increase their strength. Exoskeletons are a common idea, but realistically, no amount of individual enhancement could match the digging ability of a backhoe or the lifting capability of a crane. Networked computers with access to large databases will certainly be able to provide more information to a person than tweaking a brain (although with cognitive enhancements, the modified person might think differently).
From there we can go to the use of drugs to modify metabolisms, reduce or eliminate the need for sleep, provide surges of strength and other effects.
Finally, we can start replacing parts of the body with cybernetic enhancements, and create cyborgs with potentially far greater performance than any biologically enhanced humans.
So long as there is a compelling need to "enhance" people to perform various tasks, clever scientists and engineers will develop products and services which allow humans to perform more work and work in a broader range of environments. Genetic engineering may well be part of that effort, but since the genetic engineers are ultimately dealing with the limits of flesh and blood, there will be a fairly hard upper boundary to what genetically engineered humans could do.
Answer: One thing that can't be "engineered" is desirability. Look at the differences between the planned communities of the 1950s and 2010s. What looks beautiful and futuristic and advanced today will probably look as lame to the people of the future as the new Library of Congress building looks to us today.
A super-society comprised of super-citizens may be so awful in reality that none of the super-citizens bears children, or something. There was a reason the Greek gods punished human hubris.
Comment: Welcome to Worldbuilding, CWill, I know it takes to learn how things work here. While punishing hubris is a good thing, it doesn't answer the question which was how an opposing civilization would response to the genetic engineered civilization. You will improve your answer by dealing with these issues. Just persvere and enjoy the fun of being here.


Egg Hatching Sound.

Question: hey. i was looking out for some egg hatching sound effects but the ones i found were of low quality with a lot of ambient noise in them. Can anyone give me suggestions as to how i can create the egg hatching sound effect using things of daily use??
Answer: How about some eggs from the grocery store?
Or watch this:
[youtube]Dp7aJ6zoLXY[/youtube]
Answer: Snap/crush some crackers or chips.
Answer: I was thinking, what about try recording the sound of the cracking of a dry piece of a Baguette? As one of your layers...
Answer: If you wanted to have a separate cracking sound without the wet sound of an egg from the grocery store, you could try blowing the egg dry.  That is where you take a pin and make two small holes on an egg on at the top and one on the bottom and then you shake the egg really hard to crack the yolk inside.  Then you put your mouth over one hole and blow out the egg guts out the other hole.  Let it dry overnight and you have an empty egg shell.....then again its rather laborious.. You could just crack an egg in half and let the halves dry for the same effect.  Maybe you want something sticky for the fluids? Try honey or sticky rice for some texture.
Answer: What is in the egg?  What is the context?  You could use some crystilline form combined with organic animal sound

Egg Hatching Sound.


How do you create a new xbox avatar so that you have more than one?

Question: I just purchased an XBOX with Kinect for my family and I was able to create an avatar for me but how do you create an Avatar for each of the members of the family?
Answer: You'll need to create an account for each person that wants an avatar.
Answer: on the tv(where you really play games) you go to social and press sign out. then keep going right and then you find a icon that says make a new avatar and then click and you are all set... you may do this as many times so you can make more avatars, i hope this helped! :D
Answer: You can create one with Kinect as long as it's on a separate account.
Answer: I think you only get one avatar per account. Try logging out of your active account (you will need to re-enter your password when you log back in later). Once you've logged out, the Xbox should let you create an entirely new account with its own avatar. I suspect this means that the new account will not be able to access Xbox Live without a separate subscription. Hope this helps!


Undeliverable messages to newly migrated Exchange user

Question: We are in the process of migrating from our old domain to a new one, part of which involves migrating mailboxes from Exchange 2003 to Exchange 2007. A bunch of users have been migrated already without problems. However, one of the users is having trouble receiving emails from others. When someone sends to him, they get an Undeliverable NDR that says "A configuration error in the e-mail system caused the message to bounce between two servers or to be forwarded between two recipients." The message shows the user's distinguished name as /OU=OurDomain/CN=Recipients/CN=USER57137172. The user's account name should just be "USER", so I don't know where the extra numbers ("57137172") are coming from. Thanks in advance.
Answer: Does the affected user have "strange" characters in their Exchange alias (like any of "$^#\;/= -,")? That's typically what causes a random number to be appended to a legacyExchangeDN. (See http://support.microsoft.com/kb/925397 for reference.)
Was this a simple "Move Mailbox" between two Exchange Server computers that are members of the same AD forest or is this a cross-forest mailbox move (or something screwy like a "export to PST and import from PST 'mailbox move")?
The mail flow problem sounds like people are trying to send messages to the use at the old legacyExchangeDN and, since the account now has a different legacyExchangeDN, the message bounces back and forth between the two Exchange Server computers which are, in effect, saying "Nope-- I don't have him here, you must..." to each other until the message dies when it reaches the maximum hop count.
The legacyExchangeDN isn't supposed to change when moving a mailbox. I'm unsure how it's getting changed based on the information in your post. It's generally frowned-upon to go manually changing legacyExchangeDN's with ADSIEDIT but you could give that a shot (w/ all the usual caveats that come w/ playing with the contents of the directory manually, of course).


Are browsing files stored locally?

Question: Does Tor store any local files that show history in the same manner that Windows has a Temp folder? If it does, where are they located?
Comment: Do you talk about Tor itself or the TorBrowserBundle?
Answer: Being ignorant about whenever the question is about Tor itself or Tor Browser Bundle, by answering both versions.
Tor
Tor itself does not store any application level data, like browsing history.
TorBrowser
It shouldn't unless you configure it to do so.
Quoting from the Design Document of the TorBrowser.
Here is what's one of the goals of TorBrowser.

The browser MUST NOT write any information that is derived from or that reveals browsing activity to the disk, or store it in memory beyond the duration of one browsing session, unless the user has explicitly opted to store their browsing history information to disk.

This is achieved by the following implementation.

We achieve this goal through several mechanisms. First, we set the Firefox Private Browsing preference browser.privatebrowsing.autostart. In addition, four Firefox patches are needed to prevent disk writes, even if Private Browsing Mode is enabled. [...]
As an additional defense-in-depth measure, we set [...] preferences [...]. Many of these preferences are likely redundant with browser.privatebrowsing.autostart. [...]
Torbutton also contains code to prevent the Firefox session store from writing to disk.
Answer: Runa did a forensic analysis of the Tor Browser Bundle while ago. According to that she found several files which changed during installation and usage. Most of them change during normal usage of the system. However there were some findings which are interesting:

~/.local/share/gvfs-metadata/home -- This contains the filename of Tor Browser Bundle tar.gz (The file you usually download first).
~/.xsession-errors -- This contained a warning from the window manager. So this must not exist in any case.
Shell history files and some logfiles in /var/log.

So the Tor Browser Bundle itself does not store any data. But some applications leak the fact that you're using or used it. Tor itself doesn't store data other than in /var/lib/tor or Data/Tor.
Comment: I'd add that the results of the analysis on Windows and OSX were different. OSX in particular contained a fairly major leak for the Tor Browser Bundle (the name of the last Tab you closed when exiting was saved to disk),which has now been fixed. The Research Report contains the results of all the analyses. https://research.torproject.org/techreports/tbb-forensic-analysis-2013-06-28.pdf
Answer: I know this question is old and browsing history related on windows, but I've found a tor data folder on the mac version. Whenever I've reinstalled tor, my bookmarks are there automatically. But if i delete '\library\application support\torbrowser-data' folder they're gone. Tor works fine after deleting this folder, it's simply recreated when the app starts. Not sure if the windows version works in the same way though.
Maybe worth checking in \app data\local or \app data\roaming for any tor related temporary folders. Don't know if there are any but just a thought.

Are browsing files stored locally?


Is it possible to run both Outlook and Google Apps on the same domain?

Question: My company uses Outlook for email/calendars but I'm a big Google Apps user and was wondering if it's possible to implement Google Apps for my company so there can be a choice if someone wants to use Google's apps or Outlook.
Comment: To provide the best answer, you need to provide more details. When you say your company uses "Outlook" what mail server technology is Outlook connecting to? Is it Microsoft Exchange Server? Or is it just some ISP giving your POP3/IMAP access?
Comment: Aside of it being possible or not, you should not allow many different IT infrastructures. It will cost more money in the long run simply because it will be a pain to manage. You have to keep track who uses what and if you allow this, soon people will request other apps such as Thunderbird. Where do you draw the line?
Comment: Google Apps =/= Outlook. Regardless, what makes you think it wouldn't be "possible"?  What actual problem are you running into while implementing it?
Comment: I mean this is off topic, but personally I think companies should move towards a federated app ecosystem. So similar to how companies let their employees choose their hardware (mac or pc), employees should be able to choose the software they want to use as long as it integrates with all other options.
Comment: When i converted to Google Mail from Exchange Server 2003 we used GAME( Google Apps for Microsoft Exchange ... might have been another letter in there) which was installed to allow Outlook to interface with Google mail. I think its called [Google App Sync](https://tools.google.com/dlpage/gappssync) now
Comment: Possible duplicate of [Google Apps for business email forwarding](https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/31990/google-apps-for-business-email-forwarding)
Answer: It is possible to setup a split delivery scenario where email traffic is sent to primary email system. You users are split on different email systems, for example Exchange and Google Apps. If the primary email system have the user, it will send the email to the secondary email system for delivery. This is a very common scenario in Google Apps enterprise setup.
It's also possible to setup dual delivery where emails are delivered to two email systems at once. A scenario suited for backup or transformation from one system to another.
https://support.google.com/a/answer/96855?hl=en
Answer: I've seen GMail used as a client for an Exchange server through POP3.  You simply need to enable the Microsoft Exchange POP3 service on the Exchange server.  This will not sync your calendar, though.
Answer: I know many companies that use Google Apps as their platform and Outlook as the client. If your company is using Exchange Server, then the change will be less likely to occur. If your Outlook is connect to an ISP e-mail via POP3 or IMAP, then changing to Google Apps will be very easy to do.


Is there a way to connect 2 tiles of downloaded landsat data in ArcMap?

Question: I have downloaded two Landsat 5 images because my study area is divided between the 2 tiles. I have created a composite of all the bands and then tried the mosaic tool in ArcMap but the result I have contains the black border that the raw images have and it is not correct. Is there a way how I could connect the 2 images in order to have only one image in the end to continue with my processing?
Answer: This 'black border' is probably 'background value' (normally RGB: 0,0,0). You can check the value of this 'black border' by using the Identify tool and clicking on it.
If I understood correctly, you need to remove or mask this background first before doing your mosaic layer by for example 'Mosaic to New Raster'.

One option, (if it is just about not seeing the background(: right-click on the composite layer and go to Layer properties/Symbology/RGB Composite and check: Display Backround Value as transparent.
Another option, (if you want to ignore this background pxels while processing and avoid processing errors of overlaping areas) is setting the target values as 'NoData'.
You can easily achieve this by opening the ArcGIS Catalog as explained here. Right-click on your composite file (multiband raster) and go to General/ Raster Information. Edit the NoData Value and set it as desired (probably RGB: 0,0,0). An alternative method would be exporting to a new raster layer and setting the 'NoData' value to 0. From now on, ArcGIS tools should ignore this pixels.
Comment: The solution in my case: I exported the raster data and saved them in another location , outside the Geodatabase, while saving there is an option to set the '' NoData as '' for the output raster and I set it to 0. I was successful to remove the background values and afterwards having a Mosaic to a New Raster with the expected result. Thanks!
Comment: I applied the ''Set null'' for each image separately but the output rasters are stretched and not appear as an RGB image anymore.
Furthermore, the color ramp at one of the images is between the value 4 (low) and value 255 (high) and not 1 as the lowest value.
Comment: I edited the answer, maybe this does the trick.

- What do you mean by: 'mosaic tool'? Was this 'Mosaic to New Raster'? Can you please be more precise?

- Do you have overlapping areas between the two tiles, apart from the background value? How do you deal with these in your mosaic?
Comment: The area of my research contains a lake but on the upper part the lake is cut, therefore I have downloaded another image of the same time step. At the second image the lake is cut but at the lower part of the lake. Therefore, I have to connect the 2 downloaded images in order to fill the missing data of the lake. The lake is cut in both images because of the scene size, the lake is at the edge of each tile.
Yes, I have tried the 'Mosaic to New Raster'. The mosaicking I did was wrong because I have not dealt with the background value before.
Comment: The trick with the ArcGIS Catalog did not worked for me because I was editing the NoData Value and set it to 0 for each band but it was somehow not working and not saving the change. I thought that the reason could cause that problem is the fact that the location of the 2 composites was inside a File Geodatabase.
Comment: I am glad it worked. I edited the answer again, you can mark as accepted if you feel it is right, thank you!
Comment: How do I deal with metadata files? In my case I need to apply some pre-processing steps with the rasters I created after the _mosaic to new raster_ but there are no metadata files for the new rasters. Any idea how I could solve this issue?
Comment: The metadata files belong to the Landsat scenes that you downloaded and are provided by USGS, ... if you create a new raster file, by 'mosaic to new raster' f.ex., it does not automatically create a Landat metadata file. You should extract the information you need from original metadata file and/or create a new metadata file
Comment: It is difficult to deal with the original metadata files in order to create new metadata files, for just getting the information I need. Is there a function I could use in ArcMap, or other software, to create the metadata files of the new rasters maybe?


DFT with geometrically-spaced bins?

Question: The traditional Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and its cousin, the FFT, produce bins that are spaced equally. In other words, you get something like the first 10 hertz in the first bin, 10.1 through 20 in the second, etc. However, I need something a little different. I want the range of frequency covered by each bin to increase geometrically. Suppose I select a multiplier of 1.5. Then we have 0 through 10 in the first bin, I want 11 through 25 in the second bin, 26 through 48 in the third, etc. Is it possible to modify the DFT algorithm to behave in this fashion?
Comment: Poorly worded.  What you want is neither new, nor an improvement in many cases.
Comment: You are looking for the [Constant Q Transform (CQT)](http://www.elec.qmul.ac.uk/people/anssik/cqt/).
Comment: DFT and FFT are not cousins. They give identical results.
Comment: You can always calculate DFT at the points of interest. Also, [Discrete Wavelet Transform](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_wavelet_transform) and [Filter Banks](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filter_bank) come to my mind. Might be worth looking at them.
Comment: Related: http://stackoverflow.com/q/1120422/125507 http://dsp.stackexchange.com/q/651/29
Comment: possible duplicate of [How can I compute a log-spaced power spectrum?](http://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/129/how-can-i-compute-a-log-spaced-power-spectrum)
Answer: To quote my dissertation:

A collection of transforms are given the name constant Q and are
  similar to the Fourier transform.
Computation of the discrete Fourier transform can be very efficient
  when employing the use of the fast Fourier transform. However we
  notice that energy of a signal is divided into uniformly sized
  frequency buckets across the spectrum. While in many cases this is
  useful, we notice situations where this uniform distribution is
  sub-optimal. An important example of such a case is observed with the
  analysis of musical frequencies. In Western music, the frequencies
  that make up the musical scales are geometrically spaced. We therefore
  see that the map between frequency bins of the discrete Fourier
  transform and the frequencies of musical scales is insufficient in the
  sense that the bins match poorly. The constant Q transform addresses
  this issue.
The aim of the constant Q is to produce a set of logarithmically
  spaced frequency bins in which the width of the frequency bin is a
  product of the previous. As a result we may produce an identical
  number of bins per musical note across the audible spectrum, thus
  maintaining a constant level of accuracy for each musical note. The
  frequency bins become wider towards the higher frequencies and
  narrower towards the lower frequencies. This spread in the accuracy of
  frequency detection closely imitates the manner in which the
  human-auditory system responds to frequencies.
Additionally, the close matching of notes in western scales renders
  the constant-Q particularly useful in note detection; identifying a
  musical note value rather than an explicit frequency value.
  Furthermore the constant Q simplifies the process of timbre analysis.
  The frequencies of a musical note played by an instrument are often
  comprised of harmonically related partials. The timbre of the
  instrument can be characterised by the ratios of the harmonics. With
  the constant Q transform, the harmonics are equally spaced across the
  bins regardless of the fundamental frequency. This greatly simplifies
  the process of identifying an instrument playing a note anywhere in
  the scale simply by shifting the characterisation across the bins. A
  potential downside to using the constant Q transform is that it
  demands more computation than the Fourier transform.
An efficient algorithm for transforming a discrete Fourier transform
  (which may be computed with the FFT) into a Constant Q transform is
  detailed in Brown and Puckette (1992).
Answer: There are significant mathematical assumptions in the DFT(FFT).  The most significant in this case is that you are performing a truncated infinite-time sinusoid transformation.  The second is that the truncated time and truncated frequncy signals are assumed to be modulo-wrapped (circular.)  The bins as spaced in a normal FFT form an orthonormal set only because of these assumptions (and the even arithmetical-sense spacing.)  The time <-> frequency pair are therefore perfectly reversible.
The constant-Q transform doesn't truncate so nicely, therefore any practical implementation doesn't yield perfect ortho-normal pairing.  The kernel is an infinitely long exponentially decaying sinusoid and therefore cannot have the circular advantage indicated above.  If you don't truncate, they do form an orthonormal set.
The wavelet transforms are typically power-of-2 spaced, which isn't very useful for fine-grained frequency estimation.
The suggestion to unevenly space a standard sinusoid DFT will miss information in the widely spaced region while it will duplicate information in the densely spaced region.  Unless, a different apodization function is used for each frequency ... very costly.
One practical solution is to do a half-spectrum->decimate-by-2 repeated procedure to get octave based sub-sections to satisfy some minimax estimation error per octave.  The portion-spectrum->decimate-by-ratio can be set to any ratio to achieve any granularity need.  Still pretty compute intensive, though.

DFT with geometrically-spaced bins?


How do I tell bucatelli pasta size and thickness

Question: I am trying to find Bucatini pasta.  I don't want the really thick one...I have seen it with #14, #16, etc.Which ine is the smaller diameter?
Comment: Bucatini and perciatelli are the same basic pasta -- a long, thin rod with a hole down the center and a bit thicker than spaghetti. Although I can't point to a definition of the two, from what I've seen bucatini is the thinner one. The numbers don't mean anything.
Answer: See:  What's the numbering system for spaghetti and does it matter?
The number assigned to pastas is particular to individual manufacturers.   You would need their data sheet, if they offer one, to know the details based on their product numbers.
On the other hand, many pastas are packaged so that you can see product, and make comparisons.   If that is not the case, pasta is not terribly expensive--you could buy a couple of different ones and see which one you like.


Why doesn't the cytosol dissolve the polar structures?

Question: we know that cytoplasm of cells are filled with water molecules and other hydrophilic molecules so my question is why the water of cytosol doesn't dissolve the ionic part of the lipid bilayer or why it doesn't dissolve the proteins and enzymes which are most polar and ionic and they still form structures,organelle and function and suspended in water?
Answer: Many cell components are not simply hydrophobic or hydrophilic, but have dual affinities. Proteins typically have structures which result in the interior of the protein being hydrophobic and the exterior, which is exposed to the water in the cytosol, being hydrophilic. Thus, differences in polarity between different regions allow proteins to be dissolved in the cytosol while still maintaining a stable structure.
Similarly, the lipid bilayer is composed of phospholipids, which can be described as "tails" of hydrophobic carbon chains connected to hydrophilic phosphate "heads". The phospholipid bilayer is organized so that the phosphate heads are on the surface of each side of the bilayer, with the carbon chains from each side of the bilayer intertwined with each other in the interior.
Answer: ADDENDUM
Water can disrupt the intramolecular hydrogen bonds by bonding to the donors/acceptors. However, water in many cases can also act like a bridge and stabilize the protein structures. As already pointed out by jarlemag, the hydrophobic residues can push the water out of the pockets where intramolecular hydrogen bonds are to be formed. You may notice that the cores of the proteins are mostly hydrophobic while the surface is hydrophilic. So water plays an important role in the maintenance of the structure. Therefore many proteins need the assistance of chaperones to fold into a stable structure; once folded they maintain their structure while remaining suspended in water (I use the term suspended because proteins don't form true solutions: they form colloidal mixture). Chaotropic agents like urea exert their denaturating effect by disrupting hydrogen bonds as well as by increasing the entropy of the water molecules around the hydrophobic regions and thereby reducing the net hydrophobicity.
(I hope it is clear now)
Answer: This answer doesn't add anything to the others, but is an attempt to explain using different language.
"my question is why the water of cytosol doesn't dissolve the ionic part of the lipid bilayer"
In a sense, it does. See my diagram below The bilayer is composed of phospholipids, classic amphiphiles with a polar head group and a nonpolar tail group. The polar head group can interact favourably (in a thermodynamic sense) with the cytosol through hydrogen bonds. In contrast the hydrocarbon tails cannot interact with water through hydrogen bonds. This means that they force a structure on the surrounding water which decreases entropy of the system (unfavourable). The thermodynamic solution to this is for the bilayer to form - this maximises the interactions between the head groups and the aqueous surroundings and minimises the unfavourable interactions between the tail groups and the solvent. A beneficial side effect is tha the close packing of the tail groups maximises van der Waals interactions between them.
On balance the 'ordered' nature of the bilayer is stable because it is paid for by increased disorder of the solvent and favourable interactions between the hydrocarbon tails.
Exactly the same arguments apply to proteins: proteins fold to minimise the exposure of nonpolar amino acid side chains.


Is there a monerod config file to change certain settings when you run monerod in linux?

Question: I'm looking to change the default port of monerod for RPC, but I wasn't sure is there a monerod hidden config file I can put in my home folder to set the settings? And what other useful settings are there? I want to make a public node so I can connect my monerujo wallet to it.
Answer: You can create one in any directory you have permissions to access and name it anything (such as monero.conf). Add any of the options used on daemon startup, but leave off the leading double-dash (--). The examples I have seen separate key from value with an equal sign (=) instead of a space. (The space separator is used on the command line.)
Here's an example I found:
# /etc/monero/monerod.conf

# Data directory (blockchain db and indices)
data-dir=/nocow/blockchain/monero

# Log file
log-file=/var/log/monero/monerod.log
max-log-file-size=0            # Prevent monerod from managing the log files; we want logrotate to take care of that

# P2P full node
p2p-bind-ip=0.0.0.0            # Bind to all interfaces (the default)
p2p-bind-port=18080            # Bind to default port

# RPC open node
rpc-bind-ip=0.0.0.0            # Bind to all interfaces
rpc-bind-port=18081            # Bind on default port
confirm-external-bind=1        # Open node (confirm)
restricted-rpc=1               # Prevent unsafe RPC calls
no-igd=1                       # Disable UPnP port mapping

# Slow but reliable db writes
db-sync-mode=safe

# Emergency checkpoints set by MoneroPulse operators will be enforced to workaround potential consensus bugs
# Check https://monerodocs.org/infrastructure/monero-pulse/ for explanation and trade-offs
enforce-dns-checkpointing=1

out-peers=64              # This will enable much faster sync and tx awareness; the default 8 is suboptimal nowadays
in-peers=1024             # The default is unlimited; we prefer to put a cap on this

limit-rate-up=1048576     # 1048576 kB/s == 1GB/s; a raise from default 2048 kB/s; contribute more to p2p network
limit-rate-down=1048576   # 1048576 kB/s == 1GB/s; a raise from default 8192 kB/s; allow for faster initial sync

Answer: You can create one in ~/.bitmonero/bitmonero.conf and add any of the options used on daemon startup.
Comment: do you have an example file to base one off of?
Comment: Just run monerod --help and put whatever options you like in it (without the -- at the begining and an = then value). It's just to save running monerod with command line options every time (if you are using various options). E.g. fluffy-blocks=true
Comment: what is a generic .bitmonero.conf file to create a public node ? I'm not sure what settings I need.
Comment: You don't need a conf file, it's just there as an option if you want to customize the default settings.


How does bonding between non-complementary bases occur?

Question: My teacher told me that when DNA polymerase makes an error (roughly every 10 million nucleotides?) that if, for example, it matches an A with a G that the error remains and is the main cause of point mutations. How do the two bases that aren't complementary remain bonded?
Answer:
How do the two bases that aren't complementary remain bonded?

Non complementary bases can only form non-Watson-Crick bonds, which are very unstable and noticeably different.
Therefore any mismatch in the DNA of the genome will form a recognisable disruption of the DNA helix. This disruption is usually removed very quickly by the cells, since it makes DNA much more unstable.
Most cells have multiple mechanisms to detect and repair these sites, with one system specifically dedicated to DNA mismatch repair.
This system acts on mismatches directly after DNA replication, since at this point specific markers (sometimes DNA methylation, sometimes not fully understood) can differentiate between the newly synthesised DNA strand (which may contain an error) and the old one.
The repair mechanism will remove the mismatch and replace it with a properly bonded base pair, so that mismatches in the DNA are always short term issues - it is still possible though that 'wrong' mismatching base is replaced, which then (finally) leads to a mutation.
The error rate of DNA polymerase (1 in 10^7 sounds about right, this is the combination of the initial error rate and the DNA polymerase proof-reading mechansim) therefore has to multiplied with the error rate of this repair mechansim, which is around 10^3 (I can't find a source for this right now), to get a final error rate of DNA replication in cells.
Comment: **"They do not"** is incorrect. Non complementary base pairs do form, and remain until they are removed. They are less stable, and produce a detectable change in the 3-d structure of the duplex. The rest of your answer is correct.
Comment: @DeNovo edited the answer accordingly


New iPhone 4S user looking to sync Outlook email

Question: My IT departmant does not have activesync on our exchange server(nor do they plan to get it any time soon) are their any apps out there that will allow me to connect my iphone 4s and sync my outlook email.  My former phone was a Droid X and I used the touchdown software which worked great.
Thanks,
Tes
Comment: What version of Exchange do they use?
Comment: Does your employer use OWA (Outlook Web Access), the Exchange webmail interface ?
Answer: If they enable IMAP on the Exchange Server (which may have been done already), you can add it as an IMAP mail server on your phone. You won't have push email (as iOS doesn't support IMAP IDLE), but it'll work just fine.
Answer: I am currently using Office Mail from codebeforedawn which privides an app frontend to Outlook Web Access. I am fairly happy with this and it wasn't too expensive. Otherwise you might be able to use IMAP as detailed in the answer from mjturner.


How should I go about insulating a 1920's stucco house in LA?

Question: I own a two story, 3200 Sq ft house in Los Angeles.  The exterior is stucco and the walls are lathe and plaster.  A year ago we had some water damage after a rain storm.  When the contractor demo'd the lathe and plaster for repair of the wall, I was shocked to discover there was no insulation between the inner and the outer walls.  I want to lower my heating/AC bills, and make the house more livable.  What is the best route to go (Cost v. Benefit) to insulate my walls?  What are my considerations?  (Based on what I saw during the demo I do not believe there is any kind of "wrap" on the exterior of the house).
Comment: to avoid demoing plaster and stucco, you pretty much are left with blown-in insulation.
Answer: It IS possible to insulate with a "wrap" on the outside, but then you need to extend all the window frames: a huge undertaking, and really hard to seal properly.
Your practical options are blown in insulation from the outside or from the inside. Then you can choose from fiberglass, cellulose (most common) or maybe maybe foam.
From the outside is less disruptive, but introduces more chances for leaks.  From the inside works OK.  Two holes are drilled per wall cavity.  You'll want to use a contractor who uses a thermal gun, to ensure all the cavities are filled.
As mentioned here:
Alternatives to conventional weep screed, for stucco to the ground homes?  the stucco and interior plaster of that era is just reaching maximum strength, and it's rock rock rock rock hard.  Drilling from the outside is a serious chore.
You also have a SEVERE danager.  Existing leaks in your stucco are no big deal, they dry out.  With blown in cellulose in particular you now have wet compost in your walls.  Paying a professional energy consultant is needed to give a better answer and to really evaluate your house, habits and opportunities for energy savings and comfort upgrades.
Answer: Two options really.  Or maybe 3.
1) Sprayed in insulation either from inside or outside the home.  Outside is easiest and repair is simple.  You'll hardly notice it was done.  Did this for most of the old house with a product they called airfoam.  It's not really recommended though because it goes in wet and has to dry out.  As it dries it shrinks.  Better to use a product that goes in dry.
Advantages: Quick to install. little mess.  Cost effective.
Disadvantages: Breaks the last layer of defense against water intrusion - the building wrap, tar paper.  Some go in wet and must dry out.  They shrink as they dry.
2) Remove the wall linings on the inside and add in insulation and then reline.  This is far more expensive but could be done.  I did it myself in my old house and it made quite a difference to the room that I did it in.  But it was heaps of work.
Disadvantage: Cost, need to redecorate.  Time consuming.
Advantage: Doesn't break the wall lining/builders paper.
3) Re-clad & insulate.
A good option if you need to re-clad anyway.
Disadvantage: Extremely expensive.
Don't forget, much heat is also lost through windows.  Here in NZ, homes are being upgraded to double glazing which is standard in many countries.  Also, a set of good quality heavy thermal drapes helps.
Also see the answer to a similar question here.  I'm cautious about spray foam now.  Because it prevents breathing and drying out.  And it sounds like you have no builders paper/wrap beneath the stucco.
How should I insulate the walls in a stucco house?


shortcut to toggle suspend autohotkeys?

Question: Sometimes when I am writing a script I don't want a particular script  - the one i'm writing - to be running.
I want to just write, then save it and refresh autohotkeys to get it running, then I see how it works it may not be how I want so want it to stop running the script.
I want to do this efficiently.
I see reload will unsuspend too.
So I want a shortcut to suspend
and a shortcut to reload.
And I want, for example, ctrl-r (Reload) to work even from a notepad window i'm typing in. Not just in the autohotkeys window.
Answer: Will these help?
This will pause the script:
<code>^p::Pause
</code>
This will reload:
<code>^r::Reload
</code>

shortcut to toggle suspend autohotkeys?


Rear caliper seized after brake pads replaced. Is this linked?

Question: I had my rear brakepads replaced in February by a Honda dealer doing an MOT.
Afterwards I noticed heat and a slight burning smell.
I've just been to Kwikfit for a front tyre and they've told me it looks like the rear calliper has seized and that there was a lot of brake dust.  They think Honda may not have released the calliper properly when they fitted the pads and that this work would be under warranty
Honda say that would not have happened and that the warranty doesn't cover wear and tear and any work will be at my own expense
Answer: In all honesty the chances are reasonably high that it could have been a mistake by the Honda dealer - unfortunately your chances of proving this and getting Honda to do anything about it are verging on non-existent.
It's ~3 months after the fact and calipers do seize on their own, add in that the car is now outside of the main manufacturer warranty and I think you are out of luck here I'm sorry to say.
Comment: That's about the size of it... good answer.
Comment: Thanks.  Good outcome.  Brakes no longer seized or binding.  Honda say no problems and no damage therefore no repair cost.
Comment: @Helen Glad to hear it! Happy motoring :)


Installing Visual Studio on Macbook Pro with Parallels/Windows 7

Question: I have a Visual Studio 08 ISO on a DVD. And I don't know how to install it. I thought I could insert it and install it, but there is more to it than that I see. I have a MacBook Pro with Parallels 6, so I also have Windows 7. Any suggestions?
Comment: If you're running Windows 7 within Parallels 6, you can you mount the ISO through Parallels, then Windows will see it.
Answer: You can mount it with software such as MagicISO from a windows vm
Answer: You can easily mount an iso with Parallels: Devices / CD/DVD1 / Connect image... The disk image will appear in Windows if a CD/DVD was inserted.
Answer: I believe with your DVD you will need to go to the main menu and select Virtual Machine then Configuration - on the screen that appears, select the Hardware tab and go to CD/DVD 1 - there you can select the disk or virtual disk you want to connect your Windows 7 environment to.
A quick note on the above responses - if you have your Windows 7 environment setup to be shared with your Mac (as opposed to isolated - under the Options tab there are several such settings under the Security, Sharing and Applications items of the menu that is contextually bound to that main menu with General, Options and Hardware) - anyways the point is that if you're using a tool like Daemon Tools and you can't mount an image, such as an ISO, it may be that the image is in a folder that's native to your Mac. I ran into this issue when I had several ISO files in my downloads folder - since I set "Share Mac user folders with Windows", the downloads folder was actually the Mac user downloads folder - so I just created a directory within the Windows virtual hard disk and moved the ISO there - from there it worked like a charm :)
unfortunately I don't think this will help the original poster (given how long it has been since the original post), but hopefully it will help someone with this same issue down the road