An underground city beneath another city?

Question: How plausible would it be to build an entire underground city beneath another city? Would it be structurally sound? And I do mean an entire city, underground with skyscrapers holding up the ceiling.
Comment: What is tech level of your world?
Comment: Are there requirements on where the city would be ? I wouldn't imagine this would be possible in the middle of a desert.
Answer: From the way the question is worded, I assume the upper city was built first, with the lower city retrofitted beneath.
The first priority in structural engineering is to transfer loads downward. The upper city is built on something, typically a layer of bedrock, so you have to preserve that support while you dig the space and install the load-bearing members. The deeper you go, the more weight you add to the total, because those members also support their own weight.
More plausible might be a dome over your lower city. A dome distributes weight to the edges while leaving the center open. Several small domes would be even better. On the other hand, you could have one tall parabolic opening.
Once you build this city, though, you run into infrastructure concerns. Where do you get food, water, fresh air, power, light? What do you do with garbage, sewage, smoke? How do you travel to and from the surface? What are the psychological effects of living in a hole?
A more plausible scenario might be to build the lower city upside down and share infrastructure with the upper city.
Comment: Upside down would put twice the stress on the roof and would destroy the good effects of roof being a dome
Answer: Completely plausible. As long as the roof of the underground city was structurally sound enough it should be possible. The farther underground the city, the less likely a collapse as then the earth itself can serve as a strong structural support. However as with any roof, they all have limits and after a certain amount of weight it will eventually cave. I would suggest making the roof of the underground city a dome as dome's are very architecturally sturdy. With strong materials, your underground city should be able to hold up the standard modern day city.
Answer: Soil on any world can be divided into its horizons, normally designated A,B,C,R.
A= Surface Horizons the normal soil with a varying depth this is what we dig into to farm ect. Next is B= Subsoil tightly compressed but both A and B are to loose to hold the weight necessary for a city. So continuing to dig we hit C= Substratum
this can be hundreds of meters thick, last you hit R= Bedrock. All of this strata will be varying depth. The most solid being the bedrock past that its just Magma.
So build a  "X" thick base on the topsoil, sink numerous columns down to bedrock to secure upper level. Next Find the thickness of the bedrock divide by 2 to find halfway point this is the base of your new city. Hollow out wider then it is tall, the height determined by the estimated weight supported by the upper layer of the bedrock, as you build the lower city be generous with the use of more columns from upper bedrock to lower bedrock.
Answer: technically it could be plausible, as long as the city on top mirrored the city underneath, otherwise the city on top would be too heavy. Eg. if there was a skyscraper on the top side, there would have to be a skyscraper underneath it as well. Then the floor/ceiling would have to be reinforced. Maybe


PDF viewer web part

Question: I'm new with sharepoint 2013
Does anyone know pdf viewer webpart for sharepoint 2013 for free
Please help me.
Comment: what exactly is your question? Do you just want to view Pdf documents in SharePoint WebPages?
Comment: Hi varun i want a webpart which can view pdf files from my library perfectly
Comment: you want to display one PDF file in one page?
Comment: you know there were some solutions like SPSolution.PDFViewer for sharepoint 2010 but i searched for sharepoint 2013 and i didn't find any thing
Comment: Our company want this webpart to viewing pdf files(Daily Newspapers wich converted to pdf) from our library(newspaperlib)
Answer: Use content editor web part:- (http://www.sharepointanalysthq.com/2011/03/embedding-pdfs-into-sharepoint-2010-pages/)
First you need to find the URL to the PDF that you wish to view, after that you are ready to go!
Step 1)
Add a Content Editor Web Part to the page
Step 2)
Click on the 'Edit HTML Source' button for the Content Editor Web Part (not the page)
Step 3)
Add the following code:
<code><object><embed src="FILENAME.PDF" height="850" width="850"

 type="application/pdf"></embed></object>
</code>
Where:
src = The URL of the file, remember to put in a server relative URL to this!
height = height of the rendered PDF
width = width of the rendered PDF
Click on Save and you should see your PDF rendered
OR Use page viewer webpart:-(http://aalamrangi.wordpress.com/2012/10/16/how-to-embed-a-pdf-document-in-a-sharepoint-wiki-page-with-a-page-viewer-webpart/)
Steps:

Upload the PDF document to an appropriate SharePoint library and copy the URL in a Notepad. The URL is needed later.
Open the Wiki page where the document has to be embedded and click on the Edit icon at the top-left.
Click on the location or bring the cursor to the location in the Wiki page where you'd like to embed the PDF.
Click on the Editing Tools > Insert tab at the top of the page ().
Click on Web Part.
Select Media and Content in the Categories list box on the left of the page and select Page Viewer from the Web Parts list. Click on Add. This will insert the Page Viewer web part at the location of the cursor in the page.
Hover over the inserted Page Viewer web part. Click on the drop down button and click the Edit Web Part option.
Paste the URL, give a title and specify a height for the web part and click OK. You are done! The PDF will now appear as a document in a window and Adobe Reader's normal features like zoom, pan, print etc. would be available to interact with the document.

Another way on Microsoft website:- (http://office.microsoft.com/en-in/office365-sharepoint-online-enterprise-help/embed-office-documents-and-pdf-files-on-a-website-HA102845475.aspx#_Toc362267437)
Comment: No, for example:1 content editor webpart with N -->  --> for N PDFs.
Comment: The Content Editor web part does not have an 'Edit HTML Source' button in 2013. Are you thinking of the Script Editor?
Comment: Thank you for helping but will it show all of my pdf files our just one?
Comment: Do you mean all pages in file? Then, YES
Comment: If you mean for every PDF file, then NO. You will have to repeat the above procedure for every PDF file you want to display.
Comment: You mean N webpart for N pdf file? imean for example 20 webpart for 20 pdf file?
Comment: The page viewer webpart solution worked perfectly for me.
Answer: You can use a CQWP (Custom Query Web Part) and create your own ItemStyle.xsl. Then simply add the CQWP to your site and select the source library and the Content Type you wish to show.
With this solution you can have one Web Part serving N listitems in SharePoint libraries, you can also query for Content Types on the whole site if you wish to show PDF documents from multiple libraries.
You can find more information about how to create a custom ItemStyle on the MSDN (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/office/bb447557(v=office.14).aspx), and there are also a few tutorials out there (like this one http://www.cwheeler76.com/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?List=9a19060b-0efe-4368-8360-b07d23dc5c7b&ID=6&Web=916c3f13-7f62-4b71-b302-6fd9106b4bb2).
If you want to iterate multiple PDF's from multiple site collections and have a search service running you can use a simmilar Web Part - SCRWP (Search Core Results Web Part) to iterate all documents from index.
On a side note, i wouldn't add to mutch <embed> tags to a site - this can have a big performance impact on the browser - maybe you'll find a solution with thumbnails.
Comment: Hi & thank you for helping me but i got an error when i wanted to add this webpart from browser and didn't add it (IE 10, Chrome)
Comment: What error did you get? Check the Sharepoint Logs for Erros in your XSL.

PDF viewer web part


My droid turbo is not able to reconnect with bluetooth with my ihome

Question: I got the i-home and it paired with my phone fine. The phone prompt me for a passkey and i was able to enter it. Then 2 months later my phone wouldnt connect automatically when walked in the room so i decided to try unpairing the devices then re-pairing them. When i went to re-pair them an error messages popped up saying " Couldn't pair with iHome iBT22 because of an incorrect PIN or passkey." I am not getting any prompts to put in a PIN or passkey. Need help can anyone help with this problem.
Comment: Phone and Android Info?
Answer: I dont know if it helps, but I had a similar experience and thought I'd tell you about my fix.  For some reason when I upgraded my phone to a Droid Turbo, my new phone was unable to connect to my awesome Motorola stereo headphones-- I was getting the same "incorrect PIN" message you were getting.  I struggled for about 40 minutes. Here's the fix-- maybe you can make some use of it to your issue.
Step 1: Clear the cache.  What I did was to look into the headphones manual and press the button combination to "clear all paired devices" from the system memory. I'm not an expert, but it seems that the bluetooth device (the accessory, in this case your iHome, in my case, a set of stereo headphones) stores trusted devices in a kind of cache to make connecting quicker. By clearing this, I was hoping that starting with a "clean slate" would help me.
Step 2: Manually put the device in Pairing Mode.  When you first take a new accessory out of the box and start it up, it defaults into "pairing mode" because its never been connected.  But after you pair with a device, subsequent power-ons no longer boot in Pair mode anymore-- because now itas looking for familiar devices, right?  So I put the headphones into its default "pairing mode" so that it was waiting for a new pairing request.
BAM fixed the issue.  My phone saw the headphones in the "Available devices" and I was able to pair with it without a hitch.
Hope this helps.


Package error making it unable to install anything in 12.10

Question: The other day I was trying out different desktop environments, like Pantheon, Gnome, etc.
But when I was trying to install Pantheon/Elementary Shell, it came up with an error. I ignored it thinking it was nothing important (because it was just about the themes). And a few days before that, I was testing out different themes with the window manager and icons, one of the themes happened to be the Elementary Icon pack. Now whenever I try to install something it tells me to type in sudo apt-get -f install, and when I type it in, I get some errors. Here is the output:
$ sudo apt-get install cinnamon

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 cinnamon : Depends: gir1.2-muffin-3.0 but it is not going to be installed
        Depends: libmuffin0 (>= 1.1.2) but it is not going to be installed
        Depends: caribou but it is not going to be installed
        Depends: mesa-utils but it is not going to be installed
        Depends: gkbd-capplet but it is not going to be installed
        Recommends: nemo but it is not going to be installed
 elementary-artwork : Depends: elementary-theme but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

$ sudo apt-get -f install

 Reading package lists... Done
 Building dependency tree
 Reading state information... Done
 Correcting dependencies... Done
 The following extra packages will be installed:
  elementary-theme
    The following NEW packages will be installed:
  elementary-theme
    0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 41 not upgraded.
     2 not fully installed or removed.
     Need to get 0 B/57.4 kB of archives.
     After this operation, 415 kB of additional disk space will be used.
     Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
 (Reading database ... 279974 files and directories currently installed.)
 Unpacking elementary-theme (from .../elementary-theme_3.2-0~r601+pkg289~quantal1_all.deb) ...
 dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/elementary-theme_3.2-0~r601+pkg289~quantal1_all.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/share/themes/elementary/gtk-3.0/toolbar.css', which is  also in package elementary 3.1
 Errors were encountered while processing:
  /var/cache/apt/archives/elementary-theme_3.2-0~r601+pkg289~quantal1_all.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)"

In the notifications place (in unity the top bar, gnome the notification centre at the bottom of the screen) it has an error saying:

An error occurred. Please run Package Manager from the right-click menu or run apt-get in a terminal to see what is wrong.
  The Error message was: Error: BrokenCount > 0". This usually means that your installed packages must have unmet dependencies.
Answer: I found the fix to this, I just typed this command into the Terminal:
sudo dpkg -i --force-overwrite /var/cache/apt/archives/elementary-theme_3.2-0~r601+pkg289~quantal1_all.deb

Then I re-entered the previous command:
sudo apt-get -f install

Then everything went back to normal and now everything is working just fine.


Simply-connected rational homology spheres

Question: Every simply-connected rational homology sphere is, in fact, the usual sphere in dimensions $2, 3.$ Is this true in dimension 4? Where are the first counterexamples? (I know there are some in dimension 7.) Yes, the topological category is fine, to avoid the smooth Poincaré conjecture.
Answer: In dimension 4, we have the following:
Simply-connectedness implies that $H_1(M)=0$. The condition that $M$ be a rational homology sphere implies that $H_2(M), H_3(M)$ are finitely generated torsion groups. It follows that
$H^3(M) = Ext(H_2(M),\mathbb{Z})$, which is noncanonically isomorphic to $H_2(M)$ again (that's true for finitely generated torsion groups).
But Poincare duality tells us that  $H^3(M)=H_1(M) =0$, so $H_2(M)=0$. Similarly, we can obtain $H_3(M)=0$. It follows that $M$ is already a homology sphere.
In dimension 5, there's the first counterexample: The so-called Wu manifold $SU(3)/SO(3)$ has homology groups $\mathbb{Z}, 0, \mathbb{Z}/2, 0, 0, \mathbb{Z}$, so rationally, it is a homology sphere.
Answer: A complete answer can be found in a paper by D. Ruberman
Null-homotopic embedded spheres of codimension one: a simply-connected rational homology $n$-sphere that is not homeomorphic to $S^n$ exists if and only if $n\ge 5$. See the bottom of page 230 and example 7 on p.232.
Answer: Yes, every simply-connected rational homology $4$-sphere is topologically the $4$-sphere.  Simply-connected closed topological $4$-manifolds are classified by their intersection form $Q_X:H^2(X;\Bbb Z) \times H^2(X ;\Bbb Z) \to \Bbb Z$ and their Kirby-Siebenmann invariant by a famous theorem of Freedman. If the form is even, the KS invariant automatically vanishes. If $X$ is a rational homology sphere, $Q_X$ clearly vanishes (as $H^2(X;\Bbb Z)=0$), and therefore $X$ must be homeomorphic to the $4$-sphere.
See:  Michael H. Freedman & Frank Quinn Topology of 4-Manifolds (PMS-39)
Answer: In dimension 5 and higher, there are simply connected rational homology spheres that are not spheres, e.g. the Wu manifold $SU(3)/SO(3)$, see Theorem 6.7 in [2] and Remark, p. 374 in [1]. See also [3] and Lemma 1.1 in [1] for more examples.
[1] D. Barden,
Simply connected five-manifolds.
Ann. of Math. 82 (1965), 365-385.
[2] M. Mimura, H. Toda,
Topology of Lie groups. I, II.
Translated from the 1978 Japanese edition by the authors. Translations of Mathematical Monographs, 91. American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 1991.
[3] Ruberman, D.
Null-homotopic embedded spheres of codimension one.
In: Tight and taut submanifolds (Berkeley, CA, 1994),
  volume 32 of Math. Sci. Res. Inst. Publ., pp. 229-232. Cambridge
  Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1997.


Turn Smartphone into Headlamp

Question: Last night I was changing my oil and using my smartphone as a flashlight (yes it did get dirty, and no I don't care). In the midst of the job I started wishing I could strap my phone to my head and use it like a headlamp. When I finished my task I went inside and searched the internet for a smartphone attachment that would fulfill my desire, but couldn't find any. I don't believe that such a smartphone mount doesn't exist, has anyone found such a thing?
Comment: I'm not interested in making one, but if someone has, then I'm interested in what they've done.
Comment: Can't see the point - in the UK, the pound stores sell very bright led lights on a headband, meant to be worn in this way - cost is a quid... and no dirty phone either
Comment: @Bamboo, I agree. This is half pointless, but it's something you could get as a gift for your dorky father-in-law. I am mostly wondering why it hasn't been made yet, since every other conceivable smartphone attachment has been.
Comment: Well I'm guessing its not been made yet because there are already much more sensible and comfortable options to strapping a phone to one's head to use as a torch... the headlamp, not to mention the headsets synth dance groups like Chemical Brothers use, with a torch either side of the ear...
Answer: Use a sweatband, bandanna, or rope to make an improvised sling. Place you phone between your head and the sling.

Very crude drawing showing how to use the sling and phone
Comment: You would probably need a 3rd strap and a mount for the phone to be secure without making a tourniquet for your head.
Comment: That will depend on the shape of your head, the amount of lateral movement of the phone, and the weight of the phone.
Comment: Using tape might keep it in place better.
Answer: As a smart phone is somewhat bigger than what would easily fit to my head, you could try attaching it to the upper part of your chest using a belt or a rope.
It will not be as flexible as when attached to the head, but it is easier to fasten more securely. And for most work, it will provide good lighting on your work area.
There does exist straps made for pulse measuring devices and/or action cameras for the chest area, although I haven't seen it for smart phones. These could possibly be adapted to work. I've only seen holders for the upper arm for smart phones.
Answer: Bam! I found them. It occurred to me that I was searching for the wrong term. A lot more results pop up if you're looking for "smartphone head camera" or something like that. This Amazon link wont be good for long, but for those of us not from the future, here it be.
Amazon thingy
Velocity Clip
Answer: You CAN turn a smartphone into a headlamp if you want to.  Question if it's a good idea though.  A headlamp can be purchased cheaply and if it comes damaged whilst working on a vehicle, you can buy another cheaply.  I don't know what smartphone you have but I know that mine would cost hundreds to replace so whilst you CAN use it in this way, I personally wouldn't.
Comment: First off, mine only costs $20 to replace (yeah Cricket).

Second, lets back up a bit and ask a more fundamental question. Is a smartphone (or what 99% of its extra-phone usage is) a good idea? The answer would most likely be no, since a smartphone is basically a nice tool that has been loaded with a bunch of crap to waste your time. The less you look at your touchscreen the more you will get done. I suppose this is like an anti-life hack. A question about how can I waste more time messing with my smartphone. I don't want 1 million tools, I want 1 really cool tool with 1 million attachments.

Turn Smartphone into Headlamp


Let's not make this complicated

Question:
I'm something you like to share
  with someone for whom you care.
  Sometimes spicy, sometimes sweet,
  Sometimes sweeps you off your feet.
  Find me on the FM dial,
  Coast to coast across the miles.
  You've seen me in my make up
  And you can make up with me.
  I'm the X's to your O's.
  Tell me then - who can I be?
Answer: You're a

 Kiss

I'm something you like to share
with someone for whom you care.

 Family/lovers share kisses

Sometimes spicy, sometimes sweet,

 An alternate definiton of kiss is "a small cake or cookie, typically a meringue." So a spicy/sweet meringue.

Sometimes sweeps you off your feet.

 A kiss can sweep you off your feet

Find me on the FM dial,
Coast to coast across the miles.

 Kiis FM "Coast to coast"

You've seen me in my make up
And you can make up with me.

 "Kiss and make up" (thanks Conman)

I'm the X's to your O's.

 XO is hugs and kisses where X's are the kiss
Comment: I would guess that the phrase "Kiss and make up" is part of it :)
Comment: As all the hints have been solved now, though spread between comments and @shree.pat18's answer, I'm accepting this answer.
Comment: Note that there's a clue in the title too.
Comment: Indeed. Title and line 7 are clues you are still missing.   Almost there!
Comment: I suspect the clue about finding me on the FM dial refers not to a station, but to the band, which also ties in to the clue about seeing me in my make up.
Comment: Why must it be one or the other?  ;-)
Answer: To add on to @econoMichael's answer:
The title refers to:

 Keep It Simple Stupid - a design principle used in software development, among other areas

Let's not make this complicated


What's the opposite of "vegetarian"?

Question: If someone hates salad, and mostly eats meat, they basically are the opposite of vegetarians. What do you call those people in English? I guess there is no such a thing as meatarian.
Comment: Nobody who eats exclusively meat survives long enough for us to name them.
Comment: You're right that *meatatarian* is not a "real word" per se, but it turns out that English speakers actually do sometimes use it in informal settings, usually in a kind of joking way. "I love burgers. You could call me a meatatarian."
Answer: Carnivore, herbivore and omnivore are technical terms drawn from biology, not used in ordinary discourse except for humorous effect.
The most usual colloquial term appears to be meat-eater; it is employed by vegetarians and meat-eaters alike with neither less or more opprobrium than is inherent in the speaker's personal stance. Here are some sample titles from Google:

Vegan vs. Meat Eater - Steven Rinella - YouTube
  Healthy Vegetarian Recipes That Satisfy Even Die-Hard Meat Eaters ...
  Veganism for the Meat Eater
  Going From Vegetarian to Meat-Eating

Note, however, that being a meat-eater does not imply that one "hates salad" or is in any way opposed to the consumption of vegetables. It signifies one who eats meat, not one who eats meat exclusively. I don't think there is a term for that, probably because there must be very few people who consume only animal products.
Answer: Carnivore is the noun used for any animal that eats meat, while omnivore is used for an animal or a person that eats plants and meat.
Although carnivore is generally used to mean an obligate carnivore (animals whose metabolism is not able to synthesize nutrients from vegetal matter), you could jokingly say you are a carnivore to mean you don't eat vegetables.
To be more clear, vegetarian means "a person that doesn't eat meat or fish" because that is a decision that person made, while carnivore doesn't imply any choice. Animals don't decide to be carnivore or herbivore, in the same way human beings are omnivore without having done any choice.
Comment: You wouldn't use the word *vegetarian* to describe an animal that only eats vegetation (they're called *herbivores*). *Vegetarian* is a dietary term used to express a  preference or a belief system for people who do not eat meat. I don't believe there is a dietary term for "I don't like salad," so saying "I'm a carnivore" would not provide the correct context for what the user is asking. The humor is not lost on me... as long as the author understands this is not actually a valid answer in the context they are asking.
Comment: kiam, so if "Carnivore is the noun used for any animal that eats meat," are dogfishes "carnivores"?
Comment: @RobertCartaino That's right, since human beings are all omnivore, whatever they decide not to eat meat, or not to eat vegetals. I explained the meaning of _carnivore_ for that reason; it's not the word that means "I prefer to eat only meat," but it is surely understood, even if I would not use it in a formal context.
Comment: @Carlo_R. As long as they don't synthesize nutrients from vegetal matter, they are carnivore.
Comment: Yes, "carnivore" is a technical term in biology referring to animals that exclusively eat meat. (Whether they are physically incapable of digesting vegetable matter is a more complex question. There are reported cases of carnivorous animals being fed a vegetarian diet and surviving quite well. But regardless, they normally actually do exclusively eat meat.) But the word has come to be used to describe human beings who are not vegetarians. This is only "wrong" in the sense that for any word with multiple definitions, one or more may not be applicable to a particular usage.
Answer: Non-vegetarian-  a person who eats meat, fish, eggs, etc
Comment: It probably means *fixate* is not as common as *fixated*. I think that the OLD bases its content on frequency of use. If not, it has some other criteria. Whatever it is, it still seems debatable, as I've probably used *fixative* less than ten times, but used *fixate* dozens. But you can 'guess' at a verb (fixate) means if you have the meaning of the participle (fixated).

What's the opposite of "vegetarian"?


Problem with Extension Methods and Generic Constraints

Question: I have a base interface and several inherited interfaces. There are extension methods for the base interface that modify the object and return a new instance of the base class (IChildA.Touch() => IBase, IBase.Touch() => IBase).
For one inheritance path (IChildB and descendants) i want to implement extension methods that return an object of the same type as the calling object (IGrandChildB.Touch() => IGrandChild). For this i would like to specify a single generic extension method that is constrained to IChildB descendants.
This works so far, but now the compiler cannot resolve the call from IChildA. It tries to use the extension method for the IChildB path and fails instead of using the extension method for the IBase interface. Is there an elegant way to fix this?
public interface IBase {}

public interface IChildA : IBase {}

public interface IChildB : IBase {}

public static class BaseExtensions
{
  public static IBase Touch(this IBase self) { return self; }
  public static T Touch<T>(this T self) where T : IChildB { return self; }
}

public static class TestClass
{
  public static void Test()
  {
    IChildA a = null;
    IBase firstTry = a.Touch();  //Cannot resolve to BaseExtensions.DoSomething(this IBase obj)
    IBase secondTry = ((IBase)a).Touch();  //Resolves to BaseExtensions.DoSomething(this IBase obj)

    IChildB b = null;
    IChildB touchedB = b.Touch();
  }
}

Answer: I don't know your concrete use-case, but the example will still compile if you drop the non-generic method and instead constrain the generic method to IBase.
public interface IBase {}

public interface IChildA : IBase {}

public interface IChildB : IBase {}

public static class BaseExtensions
{
    public static T Touch<T>(this T self) where T : IBase { return self; }
}

public static class TestClass
{
    public static void Test()
    {
        IChildA a = null;
        IBase firstTry = a.Touch();

        IChildB b = null;
        IChildB touchedB = b.Touch();
    }
}


OSPF loop avoiding

Question: I would have a question regarding OSPF, when a topology is being created, how the LSA loop risk is prevented ? If you have X router the LSA should be routed over all the the network and how a loop is prevented for example in a full mesh area (all routers connected to all routers) ?
Comment: The SPF algorithm creates a loop-free path to every node.   There are many sources on the web where you can learn the details, including RFC 2328.
Comment: Is your question "how come the LSA itself isn't routed in a loop fashion, since it's sent prior to the establishment of a loop-free topology" ?
Answer: If you are a math type of person you may want to understand Dijkstra algorithm.
Reading [RFC2328] 2 as mentioned by Ron is best option.
If you are looking for a short down and dirty contribution I'll put it this way, yet feel free to dig links for in deep understanding.
SPF does the calculation per-area basis on each router.
Dijkstra algorithm evaluates 3DB's:

Link-state Database: Total compilation of routing knowledge. Consist of tuples (router ID, neighbor ID and cost).
Candidate Database: Tuples are evaluated. It deletes "any tuples whose neighbor ID is currently in the Tree DB and whose cost to the root is greater than the entry currently in the tree database." (Adv Junos Service Provider Routing, Ch2-44)
Tree Database: Loop free and lowest cost topology.
Answer:
If you have X router the LSA should be routed over all the the network and how a loop is prevented for example in a full mesh area (all routers connected to all routers)?

LSAs have a TTL of 1.  So they aren't forwarded past directly connected neighbors.

OSPF loop avoiding


itunes get latest versions of all podcasts

Question: I'm running iTunes 10 on Windows7. How do I tell iTunes to download the latest episodes of the podcasts in my library and then transfer them to my iPhone.
Answer: Instead of downloading individual podcasts locate the podcast within the iTunes store and select subscribe.  New episodes will be downloaded automatically.  By default when you sync your iPhone with iTunes podcasts that haven't been listened to/viewed will be synced to the device.
Answer: AFAIK there's no difference between Podcasts subscribed through the iTunes-Store and manually added Podcasts. Both will reference the original feed. The store is not involved any more after a podcast is subscribed to.
I don't have an iTunes on Windows, but i guess the settings are quite the same: Open Podcasts. On the bottom of the page there's a button "Settings" and another window will open:

There's a setting "When new episodes are available". Set this to "Download most recent one" or "Download all".
After that, connect your iPhone, select your iPhone in the sidebar and go to the "Podcasts" tab. There, activate "Sync Podcasts", select those you want on your iPhone and set "Automatically include all" (or "recent ones")


What happened to the Death Note?

Question: I realize that they (Near and the police) probably hid it somewhere, but after Light dies, would yet another Kira appear? Or would Ryuk take it back? I'm assuming the latter, but when Light dies, Near has the book. Light merely has his scrap paper in his watch. If Near still has it, would it just disappear? Or would Near become the owner?
Comment: At the end of the story, Near burned the book in his possession saying it was the worst mass murdering weapon.
Answer: Every Shinigami has their own Death Note. There were 4 Death Notes in the human world. 2 of Ryuuk's, 1 of Rem and 1 of Rem's friend who died after saving Misa.
One of Ryuuk's was given to Light at the start of the story.
One from Rem's friend is in Misa's possession.
The other two are in their respective Shinigami's possession.
Later, Rem saved Misa's life by writing Watari and L's name but burned the book so that it won't be used by Light, making the number of Death Note in human world down to 3.
Edit: as mentioned by Arcane in the comment, the book was not burned down in the manga chapter 58. I made mistake here because in the movie it was burned down. Thus there are 4 books by this moment. Will edit the rest of my answer after I finished re-reading the manga.
By the end of the story, Mikami possessed a fake Death Note made by Near and co.
Near possessed the Death Note that used to be Misa's.
L's team (by now Light is L) owns one that used to be Light's.
Ryuuk possessed his own.
Near then burned the two Death Notes after Ryuuk killed Light. Thus no Death Note are in human's possession. This was told in chapter 107 of the manga.
Comment: While this is true of whole books, it is unclear if any sheets are left anywhere and they themselves act as Death Notes too.  No doubt though Near would do his best to destroy them all.
Comment: Do not forget that in the anime and manga Ryuk's second Death Note (the one Light first picked up) was Sidoh's and it was given back to him by the Task Force. this is how by the end there was only 2 real Death Notes, the one given to Mikami which Near switched with a fake and Ryuk's own one
Comment: @AyaseEri Rem didn't burn her Notebook. Rem turned to dust but left the deathnote behind to be picked up by Light. Light's original Deathnote is back with Sidoh, from whom Ryuk stole it.
Answer: If you want to know further details concerning how many death notes there were and what exactly became of which ones, you could always just find Vol. 13 and it has a section titled "Change of Ownership" which details each books movements throughout the series on pages 144-147. Including that Rem's notebook was in fact picked up by Light when she died, but was later transferred to Ryuk who gave it to Soichiro during Sayu's kidnapping, before being returned to Light's possession and winding up in the safe until they meet Near with Aizawa carrying it though it is still owned by Light and attached to Ryuk. That book is then burned after Light dies along with Gelus' s book which Near had in his possession during the confrontation. This is to insure that there is no chance for another human to obtain them and start killing with them again. In the anime, Mikami kills himself which does transfer his ownership to Near before he burns it. In the manga, however, Mikami does not die until ten days later in his imprisonment which would mean it had still been Mikami's to own when Near had them both burned. Likewise, Light's notebook was transferred to Aizawa who was carrying the book when Ryuk wrote his name down, only for him to let Near burn it with Mikami's notebook.

What happened to the Death Note?


Concept of Address Space

Question: I have searched the idea of address space that is The set of all legal addresses in memory for a given application. The address space represents the amount of memory available to a program. I am unable to find that how this concept is implemented? And how it works with operating system? Any help would be appreciated.
Comment: this topic is more about how operating system allocates memory to the application. maybe u better post it in SE ?
Answer: An address can be represented by a non-negative integer number, so "address space" is a fancy way to describe a set of non-negative integers such that each integer represents a valid address in the memory available to your program.
In some cases, several address spaces can be available to your program: for example, when you are on a system that follows a Harvard architecture, your program has two address spaces - one for the code, and one for the data. In cases like that a non-negative integer is no longer sufficient to uniquely define a location in memory; you must also specify to which of the two address spaces that integer belongs.
The implementation of an address space is done in hardware: a number is mapped to a location in memory by dedicated piece of electronics that controls the interface between the CPU and the memory. Operating systems control this hardware by allocating blocks of physical memory to a running program's virtual address space.

Concept of Address Space


Programming Language Competency and Resumes

Question: I have a question that I'm hoping can provide me a solid answer or at the very least a better understanding. Regarding the skills you list on a resume at what point do you list a skill or language? For example my comfort and confidence is with Excel, Access, VBA, ASP.net, VB.net and SQL. These are listed on my resume. However, I also understand c# and know a bit of Python and Javascript as well as reporting tools such as Power BI. Would it be advantageous to list these? At what point from an industry best practice could I list them? Is there a minimum degree of proficiency or competency?
Answer: The rule is pretty simple: if you list a language or a tool on your resume, you should be prepared to answer questions about it during your interview. If you claim to know Python, and I ask you a very basic Python question that you can't answer, it's going to be embarrassing, and will probably work against you.
Comment: @Mawg be careful with that particular case, "Modern C++" is a very different animal to the "C with classes" derived one of year 2k. Basically that committee has (so far as I can tell) never the once seen a feature in another language that it did not thing would be a good fit for c++....
Comment: @Mawg Quite! Also the fact they managed to **accidentally** add a **Turing complete** meta language.... I also live in the embedded space (broadcast), and yea, trying to convince the PC based IT crowd that a 20+ year design life is a thing is hard.
Comment: I still have some skills on my resume which are \*ahem\* rusty. That is clear enough from the date. For instance, I have about 10 years C++, but the last was 5 years ago. I leave it there any way, as it is somewhat like falling off a bike - once you learn how, you never quite forget :-)

It might take a few weeks, but it will come flooding back.
Comment: Fortunately, I am in embedded systems, where we are very cautious & distrustful of new-fangledness, especially in defence & satellite work - hence most of my work is in C (which I got into after 7 years of assembler). In fact, my last C++ gig was C++ 2003. Upvote for "`never the once seen a feature in another language that it did not thing would be a good fit for c++`". I'm looking at you, lambdas and promises :-)
Comment: Yup. We are already concerned about the year 2038 problem
Answer: As long as you are comfortable talking about the skills and your competency in a face to face interview, I would throw it on there. If the employer is interested in the skills, they will likely bring it up during the interview.
However, make sure that what you put on there is relevant to the job you are applying for. No point throwing C++ in if you are applying for a job that is solely based on Python, but feel free to add them if they could be related e.g. You code in Java mentioning CSS or HTML doesn't hurt for a web developer role.
Comment: Thanks for the replies. Incredibly obvious when someone spells it out like this, but when looking at potential opportunities i question myself.


Why do WhatsApp is not working properly after upgrading my Lumia 525 to Windows 8.1?

Question: Before upgrading my Lumia 525 to Windows 8.1, WhatsApp worked very well, which means all the new notifications had received properly but after upgrading to 8.1 I'm not getting new WhatsApp notifications in the Tile or Notification section. I can get those messages after opening WhatsApp. I remembered one thing while upgrading 8.1 that Phone warned me that WhatsApp won't work properly in this version. Is it possible to rectify this issue? Do anyone facing the same issue?
Comment: If you send an email to them they will say that this version is not supported. I tried. But actually mine works.
Answer: Couple of things to try before you reinstall whatsapp.

Check Battery Saver and verify Whatsapp is Allowed to run in background.
Restarting the phone once to see if it solves the problem.

If not, try reinstalling Whatsapp once. Dont forget to take a backup of messages in Whatsapp -> settings
Comment: I had to re-install it.
Answer: Try to re-install it.. It worked fine on mine... Delete -> Reboot -> Fresh Install .. Remeber its Windows ;)
EDIT (more details):
With a delete and a fresh re-install you also delete the settings and other artefacts/logs (stuff from previous versions) that are created other the time and gives you now these errors. with the reboot you make sure that these Data is removed and isn't used from the new fresh installed Whatsapp.
Answer: i had the problem and manual backup solves it
Comment: Can you elaborate on this solution a bit? Right now this is more of a comment than a full answer.
Comment: Downvote until you elaborate more your answer.


How do I get the driver for my graphics card?

Question: I would like to get the correct driver for my graphics card. I am running Ubuntu 13.10. I think I have an  ATI Radeon HD4200 integrated graphics chip, but when I go into system details, Ubuntu says the driver is "Gallium 0.4 on AMD RS880." Is this the correct driver? If not, how can I install the correct one?
P.S. I am a total Ubuntu newbie, have used MS Windows all my life. Step by step explanations please
Answer: I am trying to install driver for my AMD Radeon HD8570 too. I found this helpful:
What is the correct way to install proprietary ATI Catalyst Video Drivers (fglrx) directly from AMD?
I have tried several ways in that post and pages it refers, among which I found the answer "Installing the ATI Catalyst Drivers for 13.04" in that post suits my situation (ubuntu 12.04.4, 64bit OS) at the best. And it is the most simple one I have ever tried, although I can pass the installation test only before I restart my system (once restarted, both fglxinfo and fgl_glxgears would result in the same error).


Are questions about current, or near-future science/technology on-topic?

Question: Questions discussing fictional advanced technology are on-topic.  So, we have questions asking about phasers in Star Trek, or ZPMs in Stargate.  But what about science/technology that isn't decades/centuries removed from our present science?  Given that I'm only referring to questions that come from science-fiction and fantasy works, why would these questions be considered off-topic?  I ask because I've asked a few such questions (which don't fall under the auspices of physics.SE), and have gotten downvotes and close votes.  (Example questions - 1, 2, 3)
Comment: When you discuss questions, please link to them. Are you asking about in-story science, or how the science of a work relates to real-world science?
Answer: Given the scope expansion to fantasy, alternative history, and all forms of speculative fiction (see Is Fantasy in spec for this site? and What is and what isn't considered science fiction?), there's no reason (as an average user) that I would guess anything about near-future to be considered off-topic.
Answer: If the science/technology is near-future, then in my opinion, yes (assuming it meets all other criteria, of course).
If the science/technology is current, i.e. it exists already, then it depends what the question is.  If the question is "how does technology X, used in book Y, work?" then it seems to me that isn't on-topic, and would be better asked elsewhere (e.g. perhaps on physics.se or sites like that).
However, I think this is a very grey area, because there are questions about current science/technology that I would say are on-topic, like asking if there is a real-world version of science/tech found in particular scifi, or whether the depiction of the science/tech is accurate (this requires knowledge of both the science/tech and scifi).
I think I would personally base my opinion on whether a knowledge of scifi was needed or especially beneficial in answering the question.  If not, then it's off-topic.  If it is, then it's on-topic (possibly both here, and on a science/tech SE).
For your first example question, I'm not sure (I voted it up, but before I considered this :)).  The "How much volume do we have inside our bones that is empty?" part seems off-topic to me, but if you asked a biologist this, perhaps it's a meaningless question outside of the scifi realm?  In that case, it would seem on-topic to me.
For the third example question, I voted it down not because of the real-world aspect, but because I can't see how it can possibly be answered (as in the comment).  I certainly don't think it's off-topic, it's just not clear to me.
(I can't read your second example question, because I'm avoiding everything about Miracle Day until it's available here).


How does a bond fund fall in value?

Question: Obviously the bonds will lose value if the issuer defaults, but if there is a stable, predictable number of defaults in the fund's bond holdings, how does a bond fund fall in value? I know that the face value of the given bonds will move in the opposite direction of the interest rate. But would it not be the case that this decrease in value will only be realized if the bond is sold/traded before maturity, and so, if one simply continue to hold the bond until maturity, you should continue to receive the fixed interest...
Comment: Bond Fund does not have maturity. Money from the bonds in the bond fund will be used to buy more bonds that are yet to mature.
Comment: A better title would be "Will a bond have reduced value at maturity except in the case of default". You are already aware of most effect before maturity.
Comment: @base64  Right... I am asking due to a general concern that the stock market (particularly tech stocks) are starting to get overpriced, and so i am looking to place my money possibly in bonds (a bond fund that is, since getting hold of corporate bonds seam difficult without very large sums of money) but then again, I am also expecting interest rates to start increasing the near future, and so, bonds can seam tricky too... And so i want to know the risks related to increasing interest rate and bond fund values.
Comment: @base64  Right, but am i correct to assume that the only ways a bond fund could decrease in value over time is if there is either an increase in defaulted bonds in the funds holdings, or the fund is selling off bonds before maturity at a lower value than when they were bought?
Comment: No, you are missing how bond funds have to be priced daily and thus the decline in value has to show up. Look at the Vanguard Long-term US Treasury bond fund(VUSTX) that had a -13% return in 2013 as an example of the short-term loss that can happen in a bond fund.
Comment: @JB King  Makes sense... Another good point...  I cant seam to find much choices that accounts for both a correction in the stock market, and an increase in interest rates.
Comment: http://etfdb.com/type/bond/all/inverse/ would note some inverse bond funds though beware of the risks of such funds.
Answer: Bond funds go up and down depending on whether the underlying bonds go up or down in value. One reason that bonds may go down is, as you said, the risk of default.
Besides defaults, the other main risk is interest rate risk. Bonds pay interest rates prevailing on the day that they were issued. If interest rates suddenly go up, the bonds have to go down enough so that their "old" rates yield as much interest as the "new" rates. That, and not default risk, is the main reason that bond funds go down.
Answer: Because you are mixing the bond value with the fund value.
The fund will have a mix of assets, for a "bond fund", it will be almost all of them bonds (see the specifics for each fund on what securities it can invest on).
As pointed out by Tom's answer, The risk inherent to interest rate fluctiations can change the value of the bonds, because of opportunity costs of holding the bond.
The fund value can also fluctuate due to external factors not related to the bonds, for example withdrawals. If there are several big withdrawals from the fund, and the fund does not have available cash to pay for those withdrawals, then it will have to sell some securities/bonds to cover those withdrawals. This can happen at a sub-optimal time, and the fund value can drop more than the underlying bonds.
Comment: @DanielValland: What Maindwin said is true for "closed end" bond funds, but not for "open end" funds.
Comment: This leaves out the most important factor: when interest rates go up bond values go down, and vice versa. See the answer by @TomAu.
Comment: @TomAu I'm not sure which you disagree with. Closed-end fund don't have to sell holdings on a dip, but if shares trade the price will reflect current valuation of the holdings, because they compete in the market. Open-end traditional funds do price NAV at every market close, and open-end ETFs are driven very close to NAV by arbitragers.
Answer: Well, the bond funds are "marking to market" when they figure out the net asset value of the fund. As interest rates rise, the market value of the bond drops and the NAV falls to match this.
Funds that hold mostly long term bonds feel this a lot more than funds that hold short term bonds. If you want a more stable fund value, you need to go to short duration funds that invest in bonds that come due in a few months. The price for this is that the return on short term funds is lower.

How does a bond fund fall in value?


AWS s3 - How to serve different file based on url parameter

Question: For legacy reasons I need to serve different files from amazon s3 based on query string parameters. For example myfile.php?type=1 should serve other file than myfile.php?type=2. the files themselves are static.
I successfuly created in a bucket a file named myfile.php?type=1 using S3 php class. But when I try to access it from a browser I get "Access Denied" xml. If I create a file named myfile.php in the same bucket it is accessed when I call myfile.php?type=1 instead of the actual myfile.php?type=1.
How can I make myfile.php?type=1 and myfile.php?type=2 access different files?
Thanks,
Niro
Answer: Try to URL encode the ? and = signs.


What happens if I made an international transfer without SWIFT code?

Question: I've just made a transfer from my Hungarian bank account to my new, Canadian one. However, I didn't have any knowledge of my SWIFT neither my IBAN code. I transferred a serious amount of money, and when I was filling out the details, the SWIFT code was 'optional', hence it was not mandatory to provide. Therefore, I left it blank.
Two business days have passed so far, and no money has arrived at my Canadian account.
I know that it's my mistake, that I made the transfer without asking my bank about my SWIFT code. However, I'm still very curious about what happens in this case.
Wil the money bounce back to my Hungarian account? That's what the bank told me, since I typed the account number correctly. But they did not sound too certain, which still concerns me.
Thank you for all your help in advance!
Comment: Did you give the sort code [Bank Identifier] of the Canadian Bank or only the account Number? SWIFT transfers for quite a few countries work without having to specify SWIFT BIC, SWIFT allows the usage of local clearing codes
Answer: Sorry responding so late. Thank you for your comments! In the meantime, while I was waiting for the transaction to happen, all the money went through successfully. I didn't need to contact the bank at all. I guess they figured the SWIFT code out.
Thanks for your help once again! I do appreciate it. Have a nice day! :)
Comment: Bit late to the party but here's what I'd have expected if I had done this with my German bank: a) may take much longer than wiring money within SEPA zone. b) sending bank will figure out receiving bank c) as that'll mean manual work for them, I'd expect the sending bank to charge you for that. (In Germany, that has to be in their price list). FYI: Some banks that offer international "access points" (e.g. an account with IBAN and BIC) that can be used to transfer money domestically to them so that the money is put to your local foreign account with them.
Answer: Call Hungarian bank asap (as soon as possible) an provide all the details:
first ask if the money is still in the account
if not,
provide the number that you write at the transfer for they to confirm.
By change the money is in a national account in Hungary and you will be fortunate to recover some part and I do hope the entire part of it.
According to European rules with out an iban in transfers the money shouldn't even go out your account
Next transfer please ask for your Hungarian bank to help you. Good luck
Comment: All true but unfortunately to Canada there is no IBAN, usually.
Answer:
You must urgently contact the SENDING bank.  Telephone NOW, don't use internet, etc.  Use telephone.
In answer to your question you don't have to use a SWIFT code.  Note that quite simply, for example: many/most USA banks don't have one. (Amazing, but true.)  Sending a wire is a remarkably manual process.  In theory it SHOULD get there regardless if you forget the "swift code" or even get it wrong, etc.
It is true that it would normally take at least 3 days for such a wire, so you may be OK.
"But they did not sound too certain, which still concerns me."..  it is critical to understand that bank staff know nothing - literally nothing - about sending wires.  If you can talk to the wire department, they know almost nothing about sending wires, but at least they know something.  Anything, whatsoever, that bank branch staff say to you about a wire transfer, is like the sound of papers rattling in a dustbin on a windy day - it means less than nothing.  They know nothing - absolutely zero.  If someone at the bank branch "assures you" they know where the money is, it means absolutely nothing: it is a random sound modulation.
You have made a grave mistake.  When you send money (especially any large amount) around the world, simply use one of the many enormous businesses which exist for this purpose (ofx.com, transferwise.com etc) who will do the job flawlessly every time for a far better exchange rate / fee.  (This question gets asked often on here.)

Trusting a bank to "send a wire" properly is equivalent to, expecting a politician to be honest or expecting a clothes hanger to work as a TV antenna  :)
My guess is that your money is not lost, it will eventually show up, but expect a very, very, very long delay until it is sorted out.   Alternately as I say, it may be en route and just taking the usual week.


Is not informing someone that I hit their car by accident a sin?

Question: The other day, my car's front bumper slowly touched someone's car. I checked his car. It wasn't really scratched but had some paint stuck to it from my car. I went upstairs and then realized that I might have committed a sin. So I went back and noted down the number of the car. Now, I don't know this guy and I don't know if I should find him and tell him about the incident. If not, am I committing a sin?
Answer: Yes, as you said, you gave damage to someone else's property. No matter how little it is, there is a damage. I don't know if you could find the owner (I think you should put a paper with your number on the car), but at least you should try. And when you find him, you have to explain that it was an accident and you have to apologize. Then you should give the money required to fix it, or you may fix it properly.
This is counted as rightful due and Allah won't forgive this kind of sin.

And do not deprive people of their due and do not commit abuse on earth, spreading corruption. (Surat Ash-Shu`arā' 26/183)
[And Luqman said], "O my son, indeed if wrong should be the weight of a mustard seed and should be within a rock or [anywhere] in the heavens or in the earth, Allah will bring it forth. Indeed, Allah is Subtle and Acquainted.(Surat Luqmān 31/16)

EDIT for more Reference about Rightful Due
If you know Turkish, then I suggest that to watch this short video by Osman Ünlü. I am now going to summarize some of what he says about rightful due. He doesn't make comments, just explains and gives references.
He says that (below translation is belong to me, I hope I translated truely):

Allah-u Teala never forgives those who have given harm to the others, who  has rights of others onto him/her unless the owners of the rights forgive. You have to get a word from the owner "My right is helâl to you, I forgive you." while the owner is still alive. If he/she is dead, then from his/her children/relatives. And you have to do a proper repentance after. Allah doesn't interfare to rightful due to forgive.
Allah doesn't give mercy to those who don't give mercy to other people. (Buhâri, Tevhid 2, Edeb 27; Müslim, Fedail 66, Tirmizi, Birr 16) Source
Those who had right of others onto him/her, who harmed the property and the purity of creatures, ask for owner's blessing and pay before die. Because in that day, there is no value of gold and property. In that day, his/her good deeds will be taken from him and if they run out, the owner's sins will be given to him/her until the right is fulfilled.
In the Day of Judgement, if the owner of the rightful due doesn't forgive his/her right, for a right as much as one dank (nearly a half-gram silver), 700 salat which is practiced with cemaat and accepted will be taken and given to the right's owner. (Ibni Âbidîn, Dürr-ül-muhtâr, Intention for Salat, p. 295)
The bankrupt one from my ummah is who will come with deeds such as salat, fast and zakat in the Day of Judgement. However, he/she has sweared to this and that, slandered, ate someone's property, shed blood of somebody and have beaten somebody. In Ahirah, his/her good deeds are distributed among right owners. When there would be no more good deeds, some of the sins of right owners's will be taken and shifted to the sinner. Then he/whe will be throwed to hell. (Müslim, Birr 6; Tirmizî, Kıyamet 2)
Answer: You are committing a sin and also breaking the law (assuming you live in a country with a functioning legal system).
Comment: Although I don't know exactly why it was downvoted, my guess would be that maybe you didnt provide enough information to back your answer up as you only wrote one sentence
Comment: @aasheq i have same problem : http://islam.stackexchange.com/a/16454/6575
Comment: @aasheq but i have read question now and i think you should write why do you think that the car was really damaged.


How to convert an ogv video to an wmv video?

Question: Is there an application for Ubuntu 12.04 to direcly convert an ogv video exceeding 200 MB into an wmv video possibly with a simple GUI (no terminal, no scripts). Is there such an application for multiple conversions? I tried to employ DivX but I was not able to make a check because the lower part of the DivX window was out of the screen of my netbook. Many thanks in advance and best regards.
Answer: If you are happy to use FFmpeg, and yes this is command line not gui, one suggested command line to produce a wmv files that should play on a lot of devices and platforms is:
<code>ffmpeg -i input.ogv \
       -c:v wmv2 -q:v 4  \
       -c:a wmav2 -b:a 128k \
       output.wmv
</code>
You can experiment a little with the quality settings for the wmv2 video, decreasing to 2 will get better quality and increasing above this will get progressively lower quality. With the bitrate settings for the wmav2 sound increasing the bitrate may get you better quality sound. All of this depends a lot on the quality of the input audio and video streams.
To run this command on multiple streams you would need to construct a for loop and this would be easy enough to demonstrate if you are happy with the suggested encoding syntax.
Answer: WinFF
 is a GUI for the command line video converter, FFMPEG. It will convert most any video file that FFmpeg will convert. WinFF does multiple files in multiple formats at one time. You can for example convert mpeg's, flv's, and mov's, all into avi's all at once.
Answer: Try the  Mobile Media Converter. It will also convert almost any video that FFMPEG supports, plus it can convert almost any video MENCODER supports. It has a really simple GUI.


Is there any other neutral word for homosexual male than gay?

Question: Is there any other neutral word for a homosexual male? The word gay is, I think, quite neutral, but it sounds very funny to me because in German it's the imperative from 'go'. So, you say 'geh' (spoken as 'gay') if you want someone to go out.
Comment: Lately, especially in news media, "gay" has been used as a noun as well. More specifically, "gays" has been used quite frequently to refer to the entire homosexual community, both male and female.
Comment: Informational note: "gay" is generally an adjective.  The noun is "gay man."
Comment: English "gay" sounds nothing like German "geh'".
Answer: I think the most neutral word is indeed gay, which can be used for both sexes (even though gay woman is not widely used, in favour of lesbian). From Wikipedia:

The most common terms are Gay (both men and women) and Lesbian (women only). [...]

Some organizations (e.g. Safe Schools Coalition) discourage the usage of homosexual in everyday usage, as it might sound too clinical:

Homosexual: Avoid this term; it is clinical, distancing and archaic. Sometimes appropriate in referring to behavior (although
  same-sex is the preferred adj.). When referring to people, as opposed to behavior, homosexual is considered derogatory and the terms
  gay and lesbian are preferred, at least in the Northwest.
Answer: In the English language, all other words meaning homosexuality would be considered offensive to almost all.
The only neutral word is gay, and this never used to mean homosexual - the meaning changed, albeit a long time ago.
Comment: I'd ask where "queer" now stands. I've heard gay people use it and at first thought it analogous to when black people use the "n" word. But then I saw it used in more mainstream contexts such as a cable show title "Queer eye for the straight guy", gay men helping straight men with fashion makeovers. Is queer no longer pejorative?
Comment: @JoeTaxpayer: I addressed the issue of "queer" in my answer below.
Answer: During the 1960s (at least in the United States), the discussion (and practice) of sex exploded, following introduction of birth control devices such as the pill.
As a result, there were a number of "cross over" words used to accommodate the new volume of dialog. Two of those words, queer and gay, were used to describe homosexuality.
The acceptability of these words derived from their previous connotations. "Queer" meant "strange" prior to the 1960s. So when used to describe homosexuality, it had the connotations of "strange" sexuality (from a heterosexual point of view). "Gay" had the much more pleasant connotaton of "happy" in its earlier usage, so it is much more "neutral" in its new context.
There is no more positive word than "gay," and few, if any, that are even as "neutral."
Comment: "Gay" comes from its (obsolete) meaning, "prostitute", not directly from the meaning "happy".
Comment: @JonHanna: But since nobody has ever heard of the word "gay" being used for "prostitute", that doesn't really matter. BTW. I'd love to see evidence for that. And could you what you propose the connection between "prostitute" and "homosexual" would be?
Comment: @gnasher729 but people had heard the word used for prostitutes, users of prostitutes, and other sexually promiscuous people when they started using it as an insult for homosexuals, and an insult is what it was when it was reclaimed. As for your claim that you'd love to see the evidence for that, where have you looked so far?


Is there any way to move trophies and save data between accounts in one PS3?

Question: I have two accounts in my PS3, one for playing and another one for use online. I want to move the game saves and trophies from the playing account to the online and get rid of it. Is there any way to do this? Thanks in advance.
Answer: You cannot move trophies from one account to another.  The account is intended to represent you and your achievements.  If you were allowed to transfer trophies, you could theoretically sell your trophies to people for real money, which would introduce a problem for Sony.
You can transfer trophies to another console, which works just by moving your account to the new console.  The trophies are linked to your PSN identity and should load with no problems in that case.
Edit: Totally missed the save data part of the question.  According to PS3Explained.com, it seems that PS3 saves are specific to user accounts. PS1 and PS2 saves are shared by every user on the system.  However, a user in this Playstation.com thread encountered a message that said he was attempting to copy saves to another account when he was attempting to copy saves between consoles. Since he received it seemingly as an error message, it seems you can't copy saves either.  Someone with more experience with this might be able to give you a more thorough answer though.
References for trophy moving:

Neoseeker Forums
PS3 Trophies Forums
Comment: And the save data? can't be moved either?
Comment: Sorry, missed that part. I edited my answer to hopefully address it accurately.  I'm not experienced with this though, so it's based on forum discussions and third-party websites.
Comment: Thanks for the answer and the 'PS3 explained' site, i didn't know it!
Answer: Ok I figured it out!
My husband and I have two accounts but all of our Little Big Planet data was on his account. So first I went into mine and made sure any LBP data was deleted (so as not to confuse the system). Then I logged into my husbands, went to the pod, hit start and profile settings, then made a backup of his data. Then I went to his data settings outside the game, hit triangle for options on the LBP backup and told it to copy to my account. Then logged back into mine, went to pod, start, profile settings, and import. It copied his data to mine and loaded our pod.
Then I was met with a message that since the profile was copied, I won't be able to earn trophies. It tells me to go into back into the data settings and delete the copied file (on my account) and reboot. Of course when you delete it from the game data utility section like it tells you, you delete it completely. So it's up to you--if having trophies means that much to you.
Comment: Since another user unable to comment posted an answer asking this, I'll ask in a comment for him: What do you mean by pod?
Comment: I assume that the pod is the the place where you select the level you want to play, the one with the PS3 controller.
Answer: The only way available that I know of is to create a sub account under your main account amd sync it with the server, then login with your sub account details and sync back the trophies data. However, I think Sony has limited the use of that method after PSN was hacked this April.
Comment: Sounds interesting, have you any link or reference to support this or it is a personal experience?
Comment: it's from personal experience...but it also depends on the games, some games you cant move the trophies at all...and such trophies are dependable on your main account.
Answer: You can't copy other users' trophies, but on some games (like GTA 4) you can copy saved games.
Not every game allows you to do so. Examples: Infamous, God of War, Black Ops and other games.


Patent issued in 2005 and now is ceased/expired due to failure to pay maintenance fees

Question: If a patent has been claimed expired/ceased due to failure to pay maintenance fees, and I come in and assign the patent to myself (is this possible) I would also pay all the fees up to date. The patent was issued in 2005 but was did not pay its 8 year fees. The patent is assigned to a company out of business- can I step in assign the patent to me and pay the fees to bring it up to date?
Answer: Your Query contains Two Issues:-

1. Can Any person revive Patent after not paying Maintenance fees?

YES but in certain circumstances and not after 2 years.
For more information see Failure to pay maintenance fees

MPEP2590    Acceptance of Delayed Payment of Maintenance Fee in Expired Patent to Reinstate Patent

II.   UNINTENTIONAL DELAY Under 35 U.S.C. 41(c)(1), the Director of
    the Office may accept late payment of any maintenance fee filed within
    24 months after the 6-month grace period, if the delay in payment is
    shown to the satisfaction of the Director of the Office to have been
    unintentional. See MPEP § 711.03(c) for a general discussion of the
    "unintentional" delay standard.

--

2. Assignment and payment of dues to patent office

YES after acquiring IP right rightful holder should pay all fees, but the person should keep in mind that patent register should be updated for this assignments. i.e. patent office should be notified that IP transfer has been made.


Safety of old, unopened bottles of ketchup

Question: I just found two bottles of unopened ketchup dating back several years. One says "Best used by September 19, 2008," and the other says "Best used by May 10, 2010." I think I should throw them both out, but I wonder if there is any chance they could be used in making a barbecue sauce which calls for boiling the ingredients together for 30 minutes. What about in baked beans or other such recipes which are baked? Would that kill botulism or other dangerous organisms?
Answer: Assuming that there are no apparent problems with it (either from storage method or upon opening and inspection), I am one to agree with StillTasty in this case and say that you would not likely encounter any problems making barbecue sauce. They say twelve months, though.
For the sauce though, not only will the long, slow boiling help; but the ketchup is likely chock full of high-fructose corn syrup (which acts as a preservative), and you will be suspending more sugar (again, a preservative) in it.
Comment: @Carol no problem, if one of them is correct feel free to mark it; if you found another answer more suitable, answer your own question with it and some citations and an account of why it works
Answer: The rationale behind keeping most of these low acid sauces is that 1) the pH is low enough (below 4.5) - ie it is sufficiently acid - to prevent growth of food poisoning organisms such as botulinum, and 2) the product is pasteurised to remove temperature sensitive organisms that could survive at these low pHs. So, as long as the jar hasn't been opened, it should be safe, but the eating quality will deteriorate over time. If it has been opened and stored for more than the shelf-life says, other organisms may have got in, and if in any doubt I would chuck it. There is a history of reducing acidity in favour of increased consumer prefereeance of milder foods.


Maximum number of independent variables that can be entered into a multiple regression equation

Question: What is the limit to the number of independent variables one may enter in a multiple regression equation? I have 10 predictors that I would like to examine in terms of their relative contribution to the outcome variable. Should I use a bonferroni correction to adjust for multiple analyses?
Answer: You need to think about what you mean by a "limit".
There are limits, such as when you have more predictors than cases, you run into issues in parameter estimation (see the little R simulation at the bottom of this answer).
However, I imagine you are talking more about soft limits related to statistical power and good statistical practice.
In this case the language of "limits" is not really appropriate.
Rather, bigger sample sizes tend to make it more reasonable to have more predictors and the threshold of how many predictors is reasonable arguably falls on a continuum of reasonableness.
You may find the discussion of rules of thumb for sample size in multiple regression relevant, as many such rules of thumb make reference to the number of predictors.
A few points

If you are concerned more with overall prediction than with statistical significance of individual predictors, then it is probably reasonable to include more predictors than if you are concerned with statistical significance of individual predictors.
If you are concerned more with testing a specific statistical model that relates to your research question (e.g., as is common in many social science applications), presumably you have reasons for including particular predictors.
However, you may also have opportunities to be selective in which predictors you include (e.g., if you have multiple variables that measure a similar construct, you might only include one of them).
When doing theory based model testing, there are a lot of choices, and the decision about which predictors to include involves close connection between your theory and research question.
I don't often see researchers using bonferroni corrections being applied to significance tests of regression coefficients.
One reasonable reason for this might be that researchers are more interested in appraising the overall properties of the model.
If you are interested in assessing relative importance of predictors, I find it useful to examine both the bivariate relationship between the predictor and the outcome, as well as the relationship between the predictor and outcome controlling for other predictors. If you include many predictors, it is often more likely that you include predictors that are highly intercorrelated. In such cases, interpretation of both the bivariate and model based importance indices can be useful, as a variable important in a bivariate sense might be hidden in a model by other correlated predictors (I elaborate more on this here with links).

A little R simulation
I wrote this little simulation to highlight the relationship between sample size and parameter estimation in multiple regression.
set.seed(1)

fitmodel <- function(n, k) {
  # n: sample size
  # k: number of predictors
  # return linear model fit for given sample size and k predictors
  x <- data.frame(matrix( rnorm(n*k), nrow=n))
  names(x) <- paste("x", seq(k), sep="")
  x$y <- rnorm(n)
  lm(y~., data=x)
}

The fitmodel function takes two arguments n for the sample size and k for the number of predictors. I am not counting the constant as a predictor, but it is estimated.
I then generates random data and fits a regression model predicting a y variable from k predictor variables and returns the fit.
Given that you mentioned in your question that you were interested in whether 10 predictors is too much, the following function calls show what happens when the sample size is 9, 10, 11, and 12 respectively. I.e., sample size is one less than the number of predictors to two more than the number of predictors
summary(fitmodel(n=9, k=10))
summary(fitmodel(n=10, k=10))
summary(fitmodel(n=11, k=10))
summary(fitmodel(n=12, k=10))

> summary(fitmodel(n=9, k=10))
Call:
lm(formula = y ~ ., data = x)

Residuals:
ALL 9 residuals are 0: no residual degrees of freedom!

Coefficients: (2 not defined because of singularities)
            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) -0.31455         NA      NA       NA
x1           0.34139         NA      NA       NA
x2          -0.45924         NA      NA       NA
x3           0.42474         NA      NA       NA
x4          -0.87727         NA      NA       NA
x5          -0.07884         NA      NA       NA
x6          -0.03900         NA      NA       NA
x7           1.08482         NA      NA       NA
x8           0.62890         NA      NA       NA
x9                NA         NA      NA       NA
x10               NA         NA      NA       NA

Residual standard error: NaN on 0 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared:     1,  Adjusted R-squared:   NaN
F-statistic:   NaN on 8 and 0 DF,  p-value: NA

Sample size is one less than the number of predictors.
It is only possible to estimate 9 parameters, one of which is the constant.
> summary(fitmodel(n=10, k=10))
Call:
lm(formula = y ~ ., data = x)

Residuals:
ALL 10 residuals are 0: no residual degrees of freedom!

Coefficients: (1 not defined because of singularities)
            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept)   0.1724         NA      NA       NA
x1           -0.3615         NA      NA       NA
x2           -0.4670         NA      NA       NA
x3           -0.6883         NA      NA       NA
x4           -0.1744         NA      NA       NA
x5           -1.0331         NA      NA       NA
x6            0.3886         NA      NA       NA
x7           -0.9886         NA      NA       NA
x8            0.2778         NA      NA       NA
x9            0.4616         NA      NA       NA
x10               NA         NA      NA       NA

Residual standard error: NaN on 0 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared:     1,  Adjusted R-squared:   NaN
F-statistic:   NaN on 9 and 0 DF,  p-value: NA

Sample size is the same as the number of predictors.
It is only possible to estimate 10 parameters, one of which is the constant.
> summary(fitmodel(n=11, k=10))
Call:
lm(formula = y ~ ., data = x)

Residuals:
ALL 11 residuals are 0: no residual degrees of freedom!

Coefficients:
            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept)  -0.9638         NA      NA       NA
x1           -0.8393         NA      NA       NA
x2           -1.5061         NA      NA       NA
x3           -0.4917         NA      NA       NA
x4            0.3251         NA      NA       NA
x5            4.4212         NA      NA       NA
x6            0.7614         NA      NA       NA
x7           -0.4195         NA      NA       NA
x8            0.2142         NA      NA       NA
x9           -0.9264         NA      NA       NA
x10          -1.2286         NA      NA       NA

Residual standard error: NaN on 0 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared:     1,  Adjusted R-squared:   NaN
F-statistic:   NaN on 10 and 0 DF,  p-value: NA

Sample size is one more than the number of predictors.
All parameters are estimated including the constant.
> summary(fitmodel(n=12, k=10))
Call:
lm(formula = y ~ ., data = x)

Residuals:
        1         2         3         4         5         6         7         8         9        10        11
 0.036530 -0.042154 -0.009044 -0.117590  0.171923 -0.007976  0.050542 -0.011462  0.010270  0.000914 -0.083533
       12
 0.001581

Coefficients:
            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept)  0.14680    0.11180   1.313   0.4144
x1           0.02498    0.09832   0.254   0.8416
x2           1.01950    0.13602   7.495   0.0844 .
x3          -1.76290    0.26094  -6.756   0.0936 .
x4           0.44832    0.16283   2.753   0.2218
x5          -0.76818    0.15651  -4.908   0.1280
x6          -0.33209    0.18554  -1.790   0.3244
x7           1.62276    0.21562   7.526   0.0841 .
x8          -0.47561    0.18468  -2.575   0.2358
x9           1.70578    0.31547   5.407   0.1164
x10          3.25415    0.46447   7.006   0.0903 .
---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

Residual standard error: 0.2375 on 1 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared: 0.995,  Adjusted R-squared: 0.9452
F-statistic: 19.96 on 10 and 1 DF,  p-value: 0.1726

Sample size is two more than the number of predictors, and it is finally possible to estimate the fit of the overall model.
Comment: Can somebody please explain why the standard errors in the first scenario (n= 9, k = 10) are NA?  I have the standard error formula, but don't see how the denominator would be 0 in order for us to get NA's.
Answer: I often look at this from the standpoint of whether a model fitted with a certain number of parameters is likely to yield predictions out-of-sample that are as accurate as predictions made on the original model development sample.  Calibration curves, mean squared errors of X*Beta, and indexes of predictive discrimination are some of the measures typically used.  This is where some of the rules of thumb come from, such as the 15:1 rule (an effective sample size of 15 per parameter examined or estimated).
Regarding multiplicity, a perfect adjustment for multiplicity, assuming the model holds and distributional assumptions are met, is the global test that all betas (other than the intercept) are zero.  This is typically tested using a likelihood ratio or an F test.
There are two overall approaches to model development that tend to work well.  (1) Have an adequate sample size and fit the entire pre-specified model, and (2) used penalized maximum likelihood estimation to allow only as many effective degrees of freedom in the the regression as the current sample size will support.  [Stepwise variable selection without penalization should play no role, as this is known not to work.]
Comment: That is an excellent point which I neglected to mention.  The 15:1 rule is for the types of signal:noise ratios seen in biomedical and social sciences.  When you have a low residual variance, you can estimate many more parameters accurately.
Comment: Are those rules of thumb based on assumptions about the size of the true regression coefficients and the size of the error variance? Would I be right in thinking that if the error variance was known to be very small, a much smaller ratio of data points to parameters would be acceptable?
Answer: I would rephrase the question as follows: I have $n$ observations, and $p$ candidate predictors. Assume that the true model is a linear combination of $m$ variables among the $p$ candidate predictors. Is there an upper bound to $m$ (your limit), such that I can still identify this model? Intuitively, if $m$ is too large compared to $n$, or it is large compared to $p$, it may be hard to identify the correct model. In other terms: is there a limit to model selection?
To this question, Candes and Plan give an affirmative answer in their paper "Near-ideal model selection by $\ell_1$ minimization": $m \le K p \sigma_1/\log(p)$, where $\sigma_1$ is the largest singular value of the matrix of predictors $X$. This is a deep result, and although it relies on several technical conditions, it links the number of observations (through $\sigma_1$) and of $p$ to the number of predictors we can hope to estimate.
Answer: In principle, there is no limit per se to how many predictors you can have.  You can estimate 2 billion "betas" in principle.  But what happens in practice is that without sufficient data, or sufficient prior information, it will not prove a very fruitful exercise.  No particular parameters will be determined very well, and you will not learn much from the analysis.
Now if you don't have a lot of prior information about your model (model structure, parameter values, noise, etc.) then you will need the data to provide this information.  This is usually the most common situation, which makes sense, because you usually need a pretty good reason to collect data (and spend $$$) about something you already know pretty well.  If this is your situation, then a reasonable limit is to have a large number of observations per parameter.  You have 12 parameters (10 slope betas, 1 intercept, and a noise parameter), so anything over 100 observations should be able to determine your parameters well enough to be able to make some conclusions.
But there is no "hard and fast" rules.  With only 10 predictors you should have no trouble with computation time (get a better computer if you do).  It mainly means just doing more work, because you have 11 dimensions of data to absorb - making it difficult to visualise the data.  The basic principles from regression with only 1 dependent variable aren't really that different.
The problem with bonferroni correction is that for it to be a reasonable way to adjust your significance level without sacrificing too much power, you require the hypothesis that you are correcting for to be independent (i.e. learning that one hypothesis is true tells you nothing about whether another hypothesis is true).  This is not true for the standard "t-test" in multiple regression for a co-efficient being zero, for example.  The test statistic depends on what else in the model - which is a roundabout way of saying the hypothesis are dependent.  Or, a more frequentist way of saying this is that the sampling distribution of the t-value conditional on the ith predictor being zero depends on what other parameters are zero.  So using the bonferroni correction here may be actually be giving you a lower "overall" significance level than what you think.


Pandigital SuperNova 1080p Output?

Question: I ordered a Pandigital SuperNova and I own a 1080p LED TV.
The Pandigital SuperNova has a Micro HDMI port on it. My TV has a regular HDMI port.
If I connect an HDMI cable with regular HDMI on one end to my TV with Micro HDMI on the other into my SuperNova, will I be able to have 1080p output onto my TV?
I've read from this pcmag.com article:

The SuperNova plays 1080p videos, although it doesn't display them anywhere in 1080p. You get 800-by-600 on the main screen, and 720p HD on a TV, all perfectly smoothly.

But I was hoping for more confirmation on this. (actually hoping the statement to be disproven lol)
I'm not ready to accept it as a fact until more people who have tested this can reply.
Answer: I got the tablet and YES! It does have 1080p output. :)

Pandigital SuperNova 1080p Output?


Can Lasagna be frozen before cooking, if using uncooked lasagna noodles, not the no boil type

Question: I have never pre-cooked my lasagna noodles and I use regular noodles, not the no boil type.  Can I freeze this lasagna before cooking or should it be cooked and then frozen.  Also how long can it be frozen and can it be frozen in aluminum pans?
Comment: Related: https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/35644/should-homemade-lasagna-be-frozen-cooked-or-uncooked?rq=1
Comment: What is the top layer of your lasagne? (Typically, in USA cheese, while in UK, France: bechamel)
Answer: If you only use non-no-boil noodles, I expect that your recipe calls for boiling the lasagna noodles before baking. If this is the case, and if you insist on non-no-boil noodles, I would recommend cooking the noodles al dente before preparing and freezing the lasagna, or actually undercooking them and simply adding more sauce. You could also try not cooking them at all and increase the amount of sauce even more.
I would recommend more though to just use no-boil noodles. All the recipes for freezer lasagna I've seen have called for them and in my experience it doesn't work very well to freeze boiled noodles. You can substitute them 1-1 in your recipe, simply skip the boiling step and ensure the top layer is covered in sauce.
You can use disposable or non-disposable pans to freeze them. Lasagna can be kept frozen indefinitely, but many sources recommend anywhere between 1-6 months before there is a significant degradation in taste. In any case, the food is still edible but the quality will degrade over time. When I freeze my lasagna I cover it with a layer of plastic wrap, and cover that with a layer of aluminum foil to help prevent freezer burn. A good layer of shredded cheese on top will also help in that regard.
Comment: There are lasagna recipes that call for standard pasta, but not cooked until baking.  Typically more water is added to sauce as you build the lasagna.  That way the noodles cook during baking.


Chromium Error 105 (net::ERR_NAME_NOT_RESOLVED)

Question: Sir,
I am using both Chromium and Firefox on Ubuntu 10.10. While Firefox works fine, Chromium gives Error 105 (net::ERR_NAME_NOT_RESOLVED) for all sites except Google searches, i.e. if I type anything in the smart-search bar of Chrome, I get the search results. But if I try to open www.google.com or any other site, I get the error.
Chrome suddenly started giving this error. It was working fine the previous day.
I am not under any proxy. Firefox and Chrome on Windows are also working fine.
Please help.
Answer: It seems there is some problem with the DNS resolver, as far as I can tell. Check it out what's in your /etc/resolv.conf, is it the correct nameserver you want to use? I am not sure about your problem: on Ubuntu only chromium behaves like this, or other browsers too? It's not so useful to mention that it works with windows, since maybe you have different nameserver setting in windows, that's why it works there. What would be useful is to know if other browser(s) in Ubuntu work(s) or not. If you have the issue that you have wrong nameserver in /etc/resolv.conf, you should check how you got that: it's your setting, or got via DHCP etc etc. Also you can use terminal to try out some DNS lookup to see if it works there or not, like host www.google.com
Answer: The error seams to be related to a hardware problem eg modem, router taking to long to resolve a web address it affects Chromium more than firefox as it probably has a slightly shorter time out before advising the name hasn't been found.
You can find out the current dns times by pining your dns server by using the ping function of the network tools something around 300ms is acceptable personally I use google's dns but I would recommend using Namebench (a dns testing program to find the fastest one for you) which you can get from getdeb.net if you use this program and you are still having difficulty's then I would talk to your ISP if they can change your modem.
Hope this helps


Vim custom key mapping not working in superuser mode

Question: I have a custom key mapping jj to escape, it works for normal file edit but when I open the file as a superuser the key mapping doesn't work anymore, why?
I use Antergos os.
Answer: When you run vim using su or sudo, I believe it's running the root user's .vimrc (if there is one) instead of yours.
I think the most "correct" way to resolve this is to use sudoedit rather than running vim directly as the super user.  This answer should get you going with that: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/46699/start-vim-as-my-user-with-root-privileges
Comment: That works, too.  Glad I could help.
Answer: timtowtdi
As pointed out in the comments to the other answer you could also solve this with editing root's ~/.vimrc file.  There are other options though.
symlink
If your personal ~/.vimrc doesn't have any plugin weirdness or hard-coded directories you could just symlink root's ~/.vimrc to your personal one.  That way any other settings or future changes would also be available when you are root.
# cd /root
# ln -s ~chicks/.vimrc .

HOME environment variable
While testing that I also noticed that if my HOME environment variable was set to my personal home directory vim picked up the settings from there.  My guess is this would work around the directory and plugin weirdness that I worried about with the symlink.
# HOME=/home/chicks

I don't have to do this in normal practice because sudo bash preserves my home directory and I also get my shell settings too.


My email box is full but I can't access my archived mail and only have less than 800 emails, what gives?

Question: Several months ago in an effort to save space I archived about 4000 messages from over the last 5 years thinking it would help. Now with only 800 in my inbox I'm getting a message saying my inbox is full. My Google Drive is showing 1GB while my Gmail is showing about 14GB. I'm assuming it's my archived mail causing the problem but nothing shows up when I go to Archived Mail or All Mail. I'm worried now that all those emails are gone forever and I'm not sure what could be causing the backlog, please help.
Comment: when you archived your email did you just click the archive button? Do you have any other labels?
Comment: Have a look here -> https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/gmail/QuGyx4ybdT4
Answer: "Archive" merely removes the Inbox label from a conversation. It doesn't delete anything. Those messages all still exist in your mailbox.
You'll either need to buy more storage or actually get rid of things you don't need.

How can I sort emails in Gmail by size? gives suggestions for finding messages with large attachments. Getting rid of those you don't need will clear up a lot of space.
https://webapps.stackexchange.com/a/13746/354 talks about search operators that can help you find messages by date. You might, for instance, find anything more than a year old with a particular label and delete them all.


@ comments should link to the named person's profile (like twitter)

Question: When you respond to someone in a comment you use @PersonsName. Is there anyway it could be linked like this @Lucas McCoy
Comment: i don't like the twitter's use `@` to indicate the user. it is the `at sign`
Comment: @abel: The `status-declined` tag was added by Jeff himself. However, I have started a bounty in hopes of having Jeff remove the declined status and change it to maybe `completed` or `deferred`.
Comment: @mykhal: It's not a choice of style, so many people use twitter that it's has basically become a standard.
Comment: I second it. It would get user profile pages more visits. and @user[95589] http://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/95589/eric  seems to have the right idea at @post[9654] http://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/9652/name-comments-should-link-to-the-named-persons-profile-like-twitter/9654#9654 . And If I can ask who tagged this question status-declined? Is that the official SO status?
Comment: I like the use of @ to indicate a directed reply, like you guys are doing (the reply is directed *at* the person). However simply alone to identify a person, as in "This was written by @Douglas", doesn't feel right.
Answer: Jeff has stated that since our member names are not unique, there's no way of reliably doing this.
However, if you can come up with a way that will link the right person's account, please suggest it to him!
Here's my suggestion: Allow the following syntax:
@[#95589] Comment goes here

Which would turn into:

@Eric Comment goes here

The comments include links to our profiles, so this should be fairly easy to grab for anybody. Perhaps make an AJAX button that would auto-insert this code into a comment to the right of the comment (where the delete button is on our own comments). Any time this pops up, you can then notify the right profile.
Comment: A "reply to" link could be added to comments. Clicking it would add the correct markup (ie. @[#95589]) in your subsequent comment that would be turned into the @user when the comment is posted. I don't want to have to find the users id myself, no matter how easy it might be.
Comment: You could probably simplify it to just `@[#95589]` and the display name would be found for you.
Comment: @Colin Mackay: Exactly. I don't see why anyone would want to create a fake account and pretent to be someone else.
Comment: I don't find this necessary for *clickable* names, but using id's is nice in case a name is changed.
Comment: @Colin, Of course, with unicode et al, it's VERY, very difficult to stop lookalike names that technically aren't duplicates anyway...
Comment: I'd suggest instead a syntax of [user:12345] as the # doesn't indicate the type of the id. The same syntax could then be used for other things as well like posts as [post:12345].
Comment: @Ian: Great idea!
Comment: @adrian: I mentioned this: Having the button be in the same place for other comments where the delete button is for our own right now that auto-inserts this code for you.
Comment: Member names are not unique? Hmmm... Nope! Don't see any problems with anyone trying to casually pass themselves of as others like that. No sireee! That's never going to happen.
Comment: +1, I feature-requested this [here](http://meta.stackexchange.com/q/53419/146482) a while ago (didn't see your post though)
Comment: No need for any new syntax for the users: surely the developers could link `@name` just as well. So: replacing `@eRi` with a properly named `@Eric`, taking into account the current name at the time of rendering (possibly different from the time of posting) and using the same rules that are used to select the user who gets notified. Linking wouldn't be necessarily, as that would be redundant, [like Jeff notes](http://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/9652/name-comments-should-link-to-the-named-persons-profile-like-twitter/35912#35912).
Answer: Adding another link to comments would make them even noisier than they already are.
Plus, it's redundant.
99 out of 100 times you are referring to a user in the same conversation -- so just click on the link to that user's profile in the comment above yours .. or in the answer .. or in the question.
Comment: Except that it gets very confusing when a user changes their name and we go peruse the archives. Doubly so when 2 users have changed. Impossible to sort out if some posts are deleted.
Comment: This is a (reasonably) simple feature to implement, and it solves a very real problem: people do change their usernames, some people more often than others. Plus, *lots* of people want it and there isn't any harm to it. I'd say put it in on one of the properties. And if it has no value, like you say, then it won't catch on and no harm done. But if the rest of us are right, then it will add value at very little cost.
Comment: Good UIs don't remove redundancy, they provide multiple paths.  If I have to go hunting back in the comments to find someone, I am less likely to do that and click on the link.  This isn't speculation, it is something I know from my own experience
Answer: @ID or @[ID} are good suggestions but even with non-unique names you should be able to do @Name and get an auto-complete dropdown with users to select the one you want, much like the tag auto-complete drop down.
Comment: Replace auto-complete with intellisense and I think it will be a wonderful idea. ;-)
Answer: Linking a @name comment to a user profile would be mostly useless since the comment probably wasn't about the user in general, but references a comment/answer the user posted. So if anything the link should lead to this comment/answer. That's probably impossible to do reliably.
Also the reference established is usually to a comment/answer right above the post, so it is easy to see the connection (and find the link to the user profile) by just looking at the surrounding context.
Answer: This is a great idea actually.
But it should not be limited to comments only but extended to question/answers too:
Sometimes, when answering or expanding the question, I want to give credit to someone for a partial answer or saying:
As @Oscar Reyes said, you could delete the filesystem using AJAX if etc. etc....
If is not technically feasible to grab someones name ( due to names may be duplicated ) Then as suggestion using:
 <https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/20654/oscar-reyes>

Could be parsed into:
@Oscar Reyes
By the system, because using @[#20654] is a bit awkward.
To use the bracket style user will have to:

Click on user link
Grab the mouse and select exactly only the user number ( and selecting in the address bar is not always the easiest thing in the world )
Ctrl+C the user number ( or memorizing it )
Type @[Ctrl+V]

While using the former would simplify the process

Click on user link
Ctrl+C  the whole URL ( easier than select just a part )
Type<Ctrl+V> ( less wrist force )

While it may sound ridiculous this tiny bits of functionality makes life easier.
p.s. I delete my previous question because it was a dup of this indeed
Answer: How about just highlighting the names that actually worked for notification? That would at least clue n00bs like myself into the fact that it actually DOES something... I wasn't sure for a while if people were typing that just to make it clear who they were responding to or if it actually did something.