Are pets/animals in the cargo hold monitored inflight for any sudden medical condition?

Question: My question is more from a long haul flight POV. Does the crew do a mid-flight check etc. What if any animal/pet have a sudden cardiac arrest or some emergency medical situation, will the crew or pilots be alerted for the same?
Comment: @FreeMan I guessed as much, but that's not what comments are for. If you post an answer, people can vote to indicate their agreement. If it turns out you're completely wrong and it ends up negatively scored, you can always delete the answer - that also wipes out the reputation change.
Comment: I don't believe that the crew (flight-deck or cabin) have any access to the cargo hold on most commercial airliners, so if an animal in the hold gets sick, it gets sick. I'm sure that for special, high value animals, say transporting an elephant, that is different, but they usually don't go below decks and travel on an extra baggage charge for the human upstairs. I may sound cold, but I love my dogs as much as a normal person should - we took our 2 dogs JKF-TLV when we _moved_ there. I would have been very sad had something happened to them, but they are just pets...
Comment: As for my personal experience no since my dog was inside of a cage and there was no way to check what was going on inside.
Comment: @FreeMan That sounds like an answer to me.
Comment: Thanks, @DanHulme, I don't think anyone's ever said that to me here before! :)  Unfortunately, I started with "I believe" for a reason - I'm not really sure about it, thus the coment & not an answer...
Answer: To the best of my knowledge, no modern (i.e. currently used in regular commercial service in statistically significant numbers) commercial passenger aircraft have access from the main passenger cabin to the cargo hold, so there is no way for the cabin/flight-deck crew to check on the critters below, even if they wanted to. My knowledge, however, is incomplete, as was pointed out in the comments, the 747-100 & -200 (and likely the -400) do have access from the passenger cabin to the forward cargo hold. The flight crew were notified when animals were stowed there, however, a long-serving 747 pilot indicated having never checked in on said animals.
Large and/or high-value animals such as elephants, giraffes, etc. are shipped as cargo via specialist transport companies where arrangements to have them tended in flight are common and accounted for (hat tip to Simon). I doubt you'll see someone pulling up to the departures gate at LGA with an elephant in a crate and wheel him up to the curb-side check-in gate.
As a personal anecdote: When I flew from JFK/KJFK to TLV/LLBG in the mid-80s we took our 2 dogs since we were moving there for a period. We got to walk the dogs on the tarmac just before they were loaded in their crates and put in the hold (747, probably -200) at JFK, but there was no mention of anyone checking on them mid-flight.
Fun fact (for me): We also got to walk the dogs at TLV just prior to our return flight, and that walk ended up taking about an hour as we got to watch them jack up a wheel on a 747 to change a flat tire pre-flight. (Yes, security was much different then. Even in Israel at the height of their occupation of southern Lebanon.)
Comment: @FreeMan As I remember, we were typically notified (actually the flight engineer was notified) that there were animals on board. I'm certain, though, that we never checked on them in flight in the forward cargo hold.
Comment: Rare, large and high-value animals are normally [freighted by specialist cargo carriers](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=47vXx8iaGdU) and their carers, vets etc ride along with them.
Comment: @Simon - that was my point. Probably wasn't well made.
Comment: Flying Tigers used to transport a lot of animals, including livestock. I was told by fellow employees that after FedEx bought FT the 747s we retained from their fleet still had a foul odor in the cargo compartment.
Comment: The forward cargo hold of 747-100/200 aircraft is accessible inflight. My guess is that is also true for 747-400 aircraft, but I do not personally know that. However, the access is for maintenance and emergency purposes. You lift a patch of carpet in the aisle just aft of the nose on the main deck, open a hatch, and descend a built-in ladder down into the avionics bay. If you go forward, you'll be at the nose gear emergency extension station. Go aft and take down a canvas barrier, and you're in the forward cargo hold.
Comment: Well... a 747 isn't _modern_, it's almost as old as I am! Wait, it's still in use currently and therefore meets my self-defined criteria of "modern"? Crud. _Humbly bows to our resident 747 expert, @Terry_
Comment: @Terry - I believe you flew many pax flights as well as cargo in those wonderful old -100s & -200s. Were there ever any times when live animals in the cargo hold were checked on? You might be our most authoritative expert on the situation.
Comment: Good answer and comments. Though most answers are about access to the cargo hold, which I deduce, is not available in most flights. What about the monitoring part, like a CCTV camera, or some other instruments to measure the sound, if any animal is crying in pain, or to monitor the temperature in the cargo hold etc.
Comment: That seems to be a valid additional question, @Firee, but what would they do - turn around or divert 1/2 way across the Atlantic? Seriously, I loved my pups when I was a kid (and love our dog now), but I wouldn't want or expect them to inconvenience an entire plane full of people who have places to go and things to do because my dog was freaking out or getting sick down in the hold. _If it was a cat, I'd be looking for the eject button, but that's just a personal prejudice..._
Answer: The exception to the rule that access to the cargo hold is not available is FedEx (and other freight haulers), who routinely transport zoo animals and other research animals.
In passenger service, generally most cargo holds are not readily accessible.  There are some exceptions.
The inaccessibility of the cargo hold is exploited when US agencies transfer classified materials. Couriers will place a container into the hold just prior to the doors closing, and then wait for the aircraft to taxi from the ramp. At the destination, a courier will meet the aircraft at the ramp, and when the cargo doors are opened, the courier extracts the container. Other countries and NATO have similar procedures.


Conceptual definition of entropy

Question: What is the conceptual difference between Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, Shannon entropy and Boltzmann entropy? Are they interchangeable and mean the same? Where can I find a good lucid explanation about Kolmogorov entropy and why it is needed and its significance. Thank you.
Answer: Let me give you a quick answer, focused on ways you can improve and research for a deeper knowledge by yourself.
1 - Kolmogorov and Shannon  Entropies are related to measures of information and strongly related to one another. (See the wikipedia page for Kolmogorov complexity for further info.)
2 - Boltzmann entropy, which is an older concept, is a completely differenty and unrelated concept from the theory of Thermodynamics. (Again, wikiepdia...)
3 - The formal definition of kolomogorov entropy uses the Shannon entropy in the formula.
If you are interested in the information entropy concept, i suggest you read the Book by Cover &Thomas, which has an entire chapter on Kolmogorov Complexity.
Comment: Thank you. In link http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s3_9634.pdf Eq(3.8) it is mentioned that Entropy,S=log of phase space volume. Now, boltzmann states (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_in_thermodynamics_and_information_theory) that entropy = logarithm of number of microstates. Can I say that Kolmogorov entropy = logarithm of phase space volume as given in Eq(3.8)? Is the thermodynamics entropy be related to entropy used in inforamtion theory?
Comment: Here's the entropy you actually asked about:

http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Kolmogorov-Sinai_entropy

A lot of mathematical notions, i don't even follow it that much. but basically, mathematicall the 3 definitions are very similar, but they are used in different scenarios for different purposes.

kolmogorov, for algorithm complexity, Shannon for information content of a random variable, and Boltzmann for arrengements of different states of matter.
Comment: So, what exactly is kolmogorov entropy in laymans term and how is it differnet from Shannons entropy?\
Answer: Boltzmann entropy shows uncertainty, with which a macrostate of a thermodynamic system describes its possible microstate. Except its application to thermodynamic systems (and multiplication by a physical constant), Boltzmann entropy (or more concretely, its generalization, namely, Gibbs entropy) is absolutely the same as Shannon entropy. They have similar forms and nearly the same meaning. As far as I remember, Shannon even took "H" for his entropy from Boltzmann's H-theorem.
Kolmogorov entropy... if you mean Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy than it's entropy of dynamic systems. It has the same nature as Boltzmann and Shannon entropy, but being applied to specific domain.
However, Kolmogorov complexity, which is also a measure of information quantity, is conceptually very different. While Shannon entropy is introduced based on knowledge of the stochastic model of the data source, Kolmogorov complexity doesn't suppose this knowledge meaning that one should account for the complexity of the model to get appropriate information measure.
In Shannon theory, the notion of information is derived from the notion of probability. At the same time, in Kolmogorov theory, the opposite way is taken - the notion of probability is derived from the notion of information, which is introduced basing on universal Turing machine. This results in very deep methodological differences, e.g., for machine learning.

Conceptual definition of entropy


How to price bitcoins?

Question: From January 2017 to this day, bitcoin price has increased more than 1000%. While debates over the criptocurrency are focused on its short term utility and its disconnection with real financial activities, factors influencing bitcoins price remains unknown (to me at least!). Thus I would like to have some insights about how bitcoins is actually priced and how can wrong assessments of its fair value can be identified in order to be corrected.
Answer: Bitcoin is now priced by the law of supply and demand, as it is a product that is liquid enough. I stressed the "now" because at its issuance, price was arbitrarily fixed. Thus there are no "wrong" assessments on its fair value.
What drives its price ? Mainly speculation for now.
Answer: Similar to "normal" Stocks you dont price them from a Quant perspective the fair value is the current Market Value. Pricing an Option on Bitcoin could be done similar to commodities (high volatility and heavy tail distribution.
An other way to look at Bitcoin is from a quantitative trading perspective and time series analysis but that has nothing to do with pricing.

How to price bitcoins?


Is styrofoam good for attic insulation?

Question: A neighbour is trying to sell me some of his leftover styrofoam insulation. I need to insulate my attic. Is styrofoam a good insulator, or should I use another type of insulation?
Answer: That styrofoam insulation will work, but it is not cheap per R-value (however it gives you a great R-value per inch).  Insulating an attic usually means you have a lot of room for insulation and you will need high R-value so that is why the cheaper options are more popular (blown cellulose or blown fiberglass).
Said another way, if you have a couple of feet of space in your attic, you can just fill that all up with loose insulation and get R-45 (or whatever you need).  But if you have a smaller space, say it is a finished room and the only space for insulation is between the 2x6 or 2x8s ceiling joists you may want to pay extra to get a higher R-value in that limited space.
Comment: +1 for the excellent point about R-value density of the styrofoam. I hadn't even considered that factor.
Answer: There are two types of polystyrene (Styrofoam) insulation: expanded and extruded. The extruded type prevents the movement of moisture while the expanded type lets water through. The extruded type has better insulating properties (R-5/inch) versus expanded (R-4/inch). Both of these are going to give you more insulating ability per inch than a batt or loose-fill. However, they are likely more expensive per "R" than loose-fill insulation, and will be more difficult to install (since you'll need to seal their edges to either your rafters/studs or to each other.
You need to be very careful about how you engineer a vapor barrier into your walls/attic. You should only have one vapor barrier in your wall so that water cannot be trapped, causing mold to grow.
There are two different ways to insulate attics: vented and unvented. For vented, you ensure that air can move between your eves and the ridge or gables of your roof. You then put insulation at the floor of the attic. For most of the United States,  you'll optionaly want to first put down a vapor barrier (such as plastic, kraft paper, or extruded polystyrene) between the ceiling joists, and then put a lot of vapor permeable insulation on top.
For an unvented roof, it's much more complicated. You first install a very large amount of non-permeable foam insulation it the rafters (above your head, in region 5, R-20 of insulation in order to prevent condensation), seal it with spray foam, and then attach an ignition barrier such as rock wool or drywall beneath the foam. And then, add enough vapor-permeable insulation to up the total R value to the required amount. This way, you don't need to provide any ventilation for that attic, and its temperature will be around the same temperature of your living space.
In summary, any foam board has a "good" R value per inch, but a "bad" R value per dollar, and with foam insulation it is tricky to install it in such a way that will not cause either moisture problems or cause your shingles to heat up and fail.
This corning page containing a table of recommended insulation values.
Comment: @BMitch, thanks! I'm going through the roof insulation process at my house currently. I found a cheap source of foam board, and am placing it against my roof decking, and foaming around it where accessible, and facing it with cellulose and fiberglass. My house is a cape-cod with no soffits and about eight isolated attic areas, many with no vents. Most of what I said was based on my reading of the 2012 International Residential Code.
Answer: I'd opt for a different type of insulation. The styrofoam insulation that Home Depot carries is only rated for R-5 per inch. That means even a 2" thick piece will only give you R-10 for $0.96/sq. ft. I just insulated my attic this weekend with blown-in cellulose insulation, and achieved between R-30 to R-45 for about $0.42/sq. ft. (Note: I used 20 bags, which is the minimum purchase for a free 24 hour blower rental at both HD and Lowes.)
Be warned though, it is the messiest thing I've ever done. Be sure to wear a respirator with the appropriate filters. Don't skimp and use a cheap disposable dust mask. At one point it was so dusty in the attic that I couldn't see more than 10 ft. in front of me.
You could also go with the blown-in fiberglass insulation option, which is less dusty, but more expensive.
Or, as @B Mitch points out, you could go with R-30 fiberglass batts for $0.83/sq. ft.
Comment: @ B Mitch- If I had to do that I would consider using the foam injected through small holes instead.  Finished my 3rd floor into a bedroom I used cellulose in the walls and ceiling.  In the walls it would easily fill about 1/2 of the void but then as it piled up inside the wall the air blowing from the hose just sprayed the celluose everywhere and it was hard to go all the way up to the ceiling with it.
Comment: Yes, cellulose is super messy. It works great for just blowing onto an attic floor for insulation.  As messy as it was I would do it again for that.  I would probably not do it in walls or anything where you try and fill a void in from a small hole.
Comment: Don't forget the classic fiberglass batts.  Relatively easy to work with, and temporarily relocate if you need to put a hole in the ceiling.  Blown insulation also has a tendency to settle over time.
Comment: @auujay: as much of a pain as it is, blowing cellulose in via a hole in the wall is one of the least destructive ways to retrofit insulation into an existing home that I know of.  Are there better options short of gutting the walls?
Comment: @B Mitch: I added your mention of using batts to the answer with a cost comparison. If you wanted to add your own answer, let me know and I'll delete the edit.
Comment: @Doresoom: you and auujay are doing all the lifting on this question, my little side comment was starting to get off topic.  +1 to both.

Is styrofoam good for attic insulation?


Disable the use of the "com.apple.quarantine" extended attribute on Mojave

Question: I recently got Mojave. Could somebody tell me whether it's possible to disable the use of the "com.apple.quarantine" extended attribute, for all apps that I have now or will ever download in the future? Thanks!
Answer: If I understood your question clearly, here is the solution that you can use to disable it completely.

Open Terminal
Type following command
sudo defaults write com.apple.LaunchServices LSQuarantine -bool NO

After that, reboot, and you should be set.

If you want to disable quarantine for files already downloaded

Open Terminal.
Execute the following command:
xattr -l /path/to/application/applicationName.app

You will see output similar to:

To remove an extended attribute manually, type the following command in Terminal
   xattr -d com.apple.quarantine /path/to/application/applicationName.app

Comment: Thank you!  `xattr -d com.apple.quarantine MyApp.app` was the only way to allow my application to access its resource files.  Apparently the quarantine flag prevents `chdir` calls, which I use to load resources in the directory adjacent to the app.

Is this why everyone releases Mac software in dmg images, to avoid Apple stupidly tagging everything extracted from zip files?  Such a pain.
Comment: @Tetsujin and Udhy - This command looks familiar from the last time I used OS X (El Capitan back in 2016!). Ironically, I've just realised that this isn't the massive issue that it first seemed to be, since I now have all apps that I need installed and not nagging me. But if/when I find the need to install another, I'll let you guys know if it does indeed work. However, Udhy can have the accepted answer rep for now :-) Tetsujin, thanks anyway for trying to help and for being "fastest gun in the west"...perhaps the fastest gun I've ever seen on a SE site!
Comment: Hmm...nope that command doesn't actually seem to have helped - just downloaded a new .pkg installer and still got the dialog, even after right-clicking as suggested by @Tetsujin :-( I guess I can live with the annoyance of the popup dialog now, since I will rarely download/install anything else on this Mac. Just wanted to warn future readers that another solution is necessary.
Answer: First run, instead of double-clicking, right click & select Open.
Done.
Alternatively, disable SIP & you get this option back, in Security & Privacy…

… though you still get some 'are you sure?' messages, you can just say 'OK'
After comments: You may also need to set this in Terminal
sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.security GKAutoRearm -bool NO

From Permanently allow apps downloaded from "anywhere"
Comment: Dude, I would seriously give you +1000 votes if I could. Will definitely accept this answer as soon as I'm able (in 6 minutes apparently lol). Thank you so much!
Comment: Actually it seems as though disabling SIP on Mojave doesn't actually bring back that "anywhere" option...I've disabled it, restarted and still can't allow from anywhere :-(
Comment: hmmm… maybe I also did this… https://apple.stackexchange.com/a/198123/85275 - adding to answer
Comment: OK will give that a go...thanks again :-)
Comment: Wish you luck - let us know how it goes. The pic, btw, was from my own Mojave Mac, so I've obviously managed to do it at some point… I just don't remember quite *how* ;)
Comment: LOL no worries thanks mate :-) I tried the command and it didn't do anything to that pref pane, but maybe a restart is required...? Will lyk once I get a chance to restart (running a long batch job atm :P)


Missing photos on a roll of film?

Question: So I have a Fujifilm Big Viewfinder 50AF, the counter on the top said I had taken 24 pictures (the whole roll) but when I got the film developed today there were only 14 photos??? and the 10 photos that are missing are from the middle of the roll. Is there something wrong with my camera or was it the developers fault. The missing pictures weren't even on the negatives, I'm so confused.
Comment: The film *should* have numbers on it indicating film.  Are they consecutive? is there a missing range? (the frame numbers are along the sprockets: http://i.stack.imgur.com/pazap.jpg )
Comment: Is there any chance of them being not recoverable? (e.g. burned, black...)
Comment: They seem to be consecutive. there isn't a missing range, all the numbers go in order up to 14 and then after that is blank, but the pictures missing were not from the end of the roll.
Comment: Does any of the images look double exposed? Is sounds like the camera did all the 24 exposures, but didn't feed the film for the 10 missing photos.
Comment: none of the pictures look double exposed. how would I go about fixing this problem?
Answer: If you are sure you took 10 photos in the middle of the roll and they don't appear, it sounds like there is a mechanical problem that prevented the film advancing and prevented the shutter opening for 10 exposures, which somehow then righted itself after those exposures.
There is a slight chance it could be due to not fully winding the film on during that time (maybe you didn't reach a "final click") but I'd otherwise be blaming the camera.
It's interesting that you stopped taking pictures when the indicator reached 24 rather than when the film will no longer wind.  It's generally fine to get a few more exposures on any remaining length of film at the end if you can - once the film truly runs out you'll notice it stop winding on and the camera should refuse to take more photos.  You may be able to get up to 27 exposures from a roll of 24 this way.
Answer: I would agree that images missing from the middle point directly to either a mechanical issue, or some other factor where the lens was blocked. A severe under-exposure could also be the culprit.
In regards to your question about this possibly being an issue caused by your film processing vendor:
If the film itself shows edge print - the text on the edges of the sprockets - all the way through the roll, then your issue is certainly NOT a problem with the developer. The edge type is exposed onto the film by the manufacturer in the way that your images are exposed on the film. That text will only show up if the film is developed.  So edge print is there and the frames are blank, then you can safely deduce the film was not exposed in those areas by your camera.
Answer: Many years ago I had a missing negative but a print produced!  They lost it after they printed.  But other funny details pointed to a cover up, piecing together end from a different roll.
I asked online (Compuserve if anyone remembers that) and was told that photo places often messed up and hide it blaming the customer.  That included posts from pros who worked in chain photo stores when younger, so I took it on authority.  Also had told me what to look for and what to tell the manager at Ritz to get out of brush-off mode.
My point is that processing vendors might reasonably be to blame for something.

Missing photos on a roll of film?


Use Bayes' methods to find the probability that the cab involved in the accident was actually Blue

Question: A cab driver was involved in a deadly hit-and-run accident at night. Two cab companies, the Green and the Blue, operate the city; 15% of the cabs are Green and 85% are Blue. A witness identies the cab as Blue. The court tests the reliability of the witness under the same circumstances that existed on the night of the accident and concludes that the witness can correctly identify the color of the cab 80% of the time.
Answer: We know that $P(G) = 0.15$ and $P(B) = 0.85$ where $G$ and $B$ denote the proportion of green and blue cabs respectively. Also $P(IB|B) = P(IG|G) = 0.8$ where $IB$ and $IG$ denote "identifying blue" and "identifying green" respectively.
So $$P(B|IB) = \frac{P(B \cap IB)}{P(IB)}$$
$$ = \frac{(0.8)(0.85)}{(0.8)(0.85)+(0.2)(0.15)}$$


English / Swedish translation data?

Question: I'm looking for a dataset similar to the "parallel data" (i.e. one file is English and one file is Swedish) found in the WMT translation task. Their datasets include news commentary, European parliament proceedings, and more. Is there a similar open dataset that has parallel translation data for English and Swedish?
Answer: The term to search for is "parallel corpus".
The most comprehensive resource for Swedish/English seems to be:
The English-Swedish Parallel Corpus (ESPC)

The current (expanded) version of the ESPC consists of 64 English text samples and their translations into Swedish and 72 Swedish text samples and their translations into English (see Table 1).
The total size of the corpus is 2.8 million words.

Unfortunately, because of copyright, the dataset is not available without a university collaboration. Boo!

The ESPC project has been allowed to store and use the texts under certain strict conditions stated in the permissions from the copyright holders. The corpus can only be used for research. No commercial use is permitted. Moreover, the corpus is only available for research at the Department of English at the Universities of Lund and Göteborg. Scholars and students outside these departments can gain access to the corpus by visiting, or cooperating with, one of these departments.

But that site does list other resources, of which with help from the wayback machine, turned up a big corpus but unfortunately it seems not parallel languages. Maybe something in Språkbanken is useful.
Answer: Check out OPUS, an open parallel corpus.

OPUS is a growing collection of translated texts from the web. In the OPUS project we try to convert and align free online data, to add linguistic annotation, and to provide the community with a publicly available parallel corpus. OPUS is based on open source products and the corpus is also delivered as an open content package. We used several tools to compile the current collection. All pre-processing is done automatically. No manual corrections have been carried out.

Corpus query

Example - http://opus.lingfil.uu.se/bin/opuscqp.pl?corpus=EMEA;lang=sv

English / Swedish translation data?


How can install a Hindi font in Android 2.1?

Question: I have a Samsung Galaxy S GT-i9000 and I want to install a Hindi font on it. How can I do this?
Answer: There's NO support for Hindi or any other Indian languages built-in, in all Android versions up to and including FroYo (2.2). Gingerbread (2.3) does support Hindi as a language according to this post
If you're looking for a Hindi keyboard, you'll need the HindiIME APK from Samsung - they're usually installed on phones that Samsung sells in India. As a workaround, use Opera Mini for Android - it renders Unicode Devanagiri fonts correctly.
Comment: Actually i have some sms in Hindi font which i cant read, so how to read them
Comment: @Jeevan The new [Google Translate](https://market.android.com/details?id=com.google.android.apps.translate) has a feature to translate SMS.  I haven't tried it myself but I did notice there was Hindi available.  You may want to try that.

Once you open the app at the bottom left there should be the option for "SMS Translation".  From here you can select the correct message to translate.

Hope this helps
Comment: Your suggestions in last paragraph are pointless as there's no system font installed.
Comment: @SachinShekhar - are you referring to my answer? At the time of writing it, the Galaxy I7500 and the Galaxy Spica did indeed have Hindi keyboards.
Answer: Unfortunately SAMSUNG has not installed Hindi font on the Indian variant of the Galaxy S. But there is a workaround. For this you will need root access. You can replace the DroidSansFallback.ttf file which is located in /system/fonts/ on your phone with the font mentioned in the first post of this link http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=798380.
Restart and enjoy. :)
Answer: This XDA post has instructions, summarized below:

Install HinKhoj Dictionary and then Go SMS Pro.
Open Go SMS, go to "Appearance Settings"

Hit "Scan Fonts Packages"
Go to "Conv. List Customization" from "Conversation List appearance", choose "Time and message font" and select "Hindi Hinkhoj Dictionary". It will automatically choose the "Mangal" font.
Press the back button 3 times and choose to save the settings.
Now go to "Conversation Customization" from "Conversation appearance" and change "Incoming font" and "Outgoing font" the same as above, and save this setting with different name.
Finally from both of "Conversation List appearance" and "Conversation appearance" apply the User Defined Settings as your saved name.

Exit the application and reboot your phone.
Answer: As others have noted Android does not support Hindi (or any other language that requires Complext Text Layouts, except for Arabic). Here is the relevant bug post for Hindi on GingerBread:
http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=12981
You can achieve some form of readability by installing a Hindi font, but it will not shape properly. If you can't live with that, than you will need to install third party apps that support Hindi. That said, the Galaxy 5 and Galaxy 3 sold in India (the Indian Variant) does have support for Hindi, but not the Galaxy S! Bug Samsung about it.
Answer: You don't need to install fonts, if you want Hindi to browse Hindi websites.
Use SETT Hindi Browser: https://market.android.com/details?id=lk.bhasha.sett.hindi
It's an exclusive browser for Hindi & it displays Hindi well in any device having Android 2.2 or above.


Why don't we feel the speed of earth moving

Question: When we move our vehicle, we "feel" the speed of it. However, when stationary, we still are moving,but moving by quiet a speed. We know that earth moves with X speed, our own solar system moves at Y speed. etc.
Why do we not feel this speed? Even sitting at my home, my mind must be gyrating at an incredible speed.
Comment: That's not speed you're feeling.
Comment: You never feel the velocity. You only feel the acceleration. It's Newton's 1st law.
Answer: In a car, you have a perception of speed because of (a) the "wind" passing by as you rush through the air which is not moving at the same speed as the vehicle, and (b) you perceive the stationary objects nearby as "moving" off into the distance behind.
As the earth moves in its orbit, you don't notice any "wind" from the planet rushing through space, as the atmosphere of the earth is moving along with the planet. There isn't any substance to the space around the planet to create an impression of "wind". The car is surrounded by air, so when you move through the air, you have an impression of moving because of the air rushing past. Because the planet isn't moving through an especially gaseous medium, there is no impression of movement, no "wind".
Also when it comes to our planet, there is nothing "nearby" to create a reference point that would make it appear as if we are moving relative to that reference. Even the closest of objects, such as the moon, are sufficiently far off that the only obvious impression is that these move and we are still. Hence the reason why the geocentric view of our world was dominant for so long.
Even sitting still at home, your entire body is moving at the same velocity as the rest of the planet, so your brain isn't being jostled or 'gyrated' at all. If someone shook you, then your velocity would be changing and your body would feel the effects of acceleration, and then you would be jostled and gyrated. But that is because you are perceiving sudden and rapid changes in velocity, accelerations.
Comment: Also, the moon is moving (on average) at the same velocity as the earth, which is (on average) the same velocity as the sun.
Answer: From a (more) physics standpoint our acceleration on earth is basically zero from what we can feel. Just like the others that posted about cars traveling at a certain constant velocity, you won't feel a change. If a car is traveling at a constant velocity there is essentially no feelable force acting on your body. Therefore you you don't feel any effects of the speed in which you are traveling. But on the other hand if you slam on the breaks or accelerate rapidly, you would feel the respected motion on your body (so will the loose items in your car).
In a plane, it's the same thing: you feel the lift off and the altitude rise due to an increase in acceleration to meet a certain altitude in which it's safe to fly. Same with the descent of an airplane: you decelerate to a point in which it's safe to let friction and the planes mechanisms to land timely and in a matter to reach your gate for off boarding.
Another example would be elevators vs. Free falls at a theme park. Most of the time elevators decent without much acceleration but at a somewhat constat velocity so that you don't feel like you're free falling due to gravity (this isn't ALWAYS the feeling we get in elevators though). But if you were to go to a theme park which suspends you in the air and drops you close to the rate of gravity, you know you are plummeting and have that feeling in your stomach.
The earth is the same way as the examples previously described. Same as the others but hopefully in a more explanatory physics way.
Answer: When you sit in a car, and you suddenly brake, you feel the change in velocity.
On earth, the change in velocity of the earth is too small for you to be noticed.
Comment: You do not change your velocity, unless you fall. The rotation of the earth is constant (gravity ensures you don't leave the surface). The orbit of the earth is constant (essentially in free fall). The sun's orbit in the galaxy is constant (essentially in free fall). The galaxy's path is constant (gravitational influences are too small to measure).
Comment: @LDC3 because the earth is traveling in an orbit, its velocity is constantly changing, as is the velocity of everyone on it (the question is not asked from the earth's frame of reference).
Answer: If you're big enough and fluid enough, like an atmosphere, you would feel acceleration do to the Earth's motion. Hadley cells are patterns of warm air rising in the tropics, flowing north, and sinking at higher latitudes. The Earth's rotation causes this north-south flow to curve, causing storms to have that distinctive spin you see in in hurricanes.
Alternatively, if you are an exceptionally long pendulum, you'd try to oscillate in the same plane. However, the Earth's rotation would make that plane appearto rotate with respect to the surface of the Earth. Called a Foucault pendulum, it was the first proof the Earth rotates visible from the surface.


Closed question with accepted answer the top Google result

Question: This morning I googled for "jquery find and remove all instances of class".  The top result was this closed question.  "Closed as off-topic" appears "above the fold", and there's a comment that "this can be answered with a quick google search."  And he's right, a google search that results in this very question although you have to scroll down for the answer.  I don't know how to vote to re-open or if I have the required reputation but I think this question is not so bad -- it certainly helped me.
Comment: why does it need to be reopened?  Just because it is closed doesnt mean it must/will be deleted.  that is not likely given the upvoted answer
Comment: I believe that being labeled as closed is a stigma and might prevent less persistent users from scrolling down to the answer
Comment: The vicious cycle of Stack Overflow providing an infinite feedback loop strikes again!
Answer: I removed those comments and reopened the question. It had been closed for a reason that no longer exists. The question isn't great, but I understand it. I think it explains the problem well enough without showing the original code that anyone who knows enough HTML and JavaScript to have this problem is going to get where the OP is coming from. (Adding a bit of HTML example code probably would go a long way towards making sure the question stays open, though.)
Comment: Would be nice if we could reword the close description to emphasize the part about having a clear problem statement. Not every question requires supporting code to be clear, scoped and answerable, even though most are overly localized enough that they do. This would benefit canonical questions in particular.
Comment: Thanks glad to know my instincts were right
Comment: I edited the question with a bit of code in an attempt to improve the quality (sorry if it's very specific to what I'm trying to acheive)
Comment: Thanks, @GeorgeJempty that does look better. If you have a short HTML snippet that you could add, that would be an improvement as well.


Simple gradient/line intersect question

Question: Very, very basic question here: Given an x,y coordinate and a gradient (but no equation), how can I find the x and y axis intercepts? (assuming the line is linear)
Comment: I changed the tag because I don't consider this "linear algebra".
Answer: Let $P\left( X,Y\right) $ be the given point (I changed the notation from $(x,y)$). The equation of a straight line is
$$y=mx+b,\qquad (1)$$
where $m$ is the slope (or gradient) and $b$ is the value of $y$ for $x=0$
(in another words, $b$ is the $y$ axis intercept).
Now we use the information that the line passes through $P$. The $\left(
X,Y\right) $ coordinates must satisfy $(1)$. Hence
$$Y=mX+b.\qquad (2)$$
Subtracting $(2)$ from $(1)$, we get
$$y-Y=mx+b-\left( mX+b\right), $$
which is equivalent to
$$y-Y=m(x-X)\qquad (3)$$
and to
$$y=mx-mX+Y.\qquad (4)$$
To find the $y$ axis intercept we can solve $(2)$ for $b$:
$$b=Y-mX.\qquad (5)$$
To find the $x$ axis intercept we make $y=0$ in $(4)$ and solve it for $x$:
$$0=mx-mX+Y\Leftrightarrow mx=mX-Y\Leftrightarrow x=X-\frac{Y}{m}=:a.\qquad (5)$$
So $A(X-\frac{Y}{m},0)=(a,0)$ and $B(0,Y-mX)=(0,b)$ are, respectively,  the points of intersection of the line with the $x$ and $y$ axes.
Equations $(1)$and $(3)$ are equivalent. Another equivalent one is the following equation in terms of $a$ and $b$:
$$\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}=1.\qquad (6)$$
Example: $m=2,X=1,Y=4$. The line is $y=2x+2$ and the points of intersection are $A(-1,0)$, $B(0,2)$.

$$m=2,(X,Y)=(1,4),\quad a=-1,b=2$$
Answer: OP seems to have abandoned this question, but I want to put a good word in for the point-slope form of the equation of a line. Let the given point be $(a,b)$, the given slope, $m$. Then the point-slope form of the equation of the line is $$y-a=m(x-b)$$ Now if you want the $y$-intercept, you let $x=0$ and solve $y-a=m(0-b)$  for $y$; if you want the $x$-intercept you let $y=0$ and solve $0-a=m(x-b)$ for $x$.
Answer: You are given a point $(x_l,y_l)$ on a line with gradient $m$ and want to find out what value of $t$ such that $(t,0)$ lines on the line (and the same problem for $y$),
so when are both $(x_l,y_l)$ and $(t,0)$ on a line with gradient $m$? It is exactly when $\frac{x_l-t}{y_l-0} = m$, by algebra this gives $t = x_l - m y_l$.
Comment: typo in $m$, $m=\dfrac{y_l}{x_l-t}$.
Comment: my comment was addressed to you but @ did't appear.

Simple gradient/line intersect question


How would rogue planet civilization track the passage of time?

Question: If a species were to evolve on a rogue planet, how would they track the passage of time? Without day/night cycles or revolutions around a star, they couldn't use the typical methods that civilizations on a planet orbiting a star would.
Comment: I know it's not the question you asked but you might want to explain how they exist/evolved (considering they would be on an ice ball a few degrees above absolute zero) as it may shape the answer.
Comment: Especially the condition of the planetwhen the species became sentient would be important.
Comment: And you might need to narrow this down a bit - it seems likely to get closed for being too broad.
Comment: It could end up being closed as either, actually; I voted to close as unclear, because in my opinion this question definitely needs a bit more context to be properly answerable. @TimB pretty much nailed it with his comment.
Comment: @TimB Vsauce actually did a video on this, you can find it [here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rltpH6ck2Kc). In his video, he mentions that life could still exist near geothermal locations, such as iceland, or volcanic vents near the bottom of the ocean.
Answer:
Stars...either a constellation that 'rises and sets' just like the sun would, or a single star that is nearby but still quite a ways away.  Remember our sun drowns out much of the star scape to us, a rogue planet would have a very bright star sky.  The passage of the milky way across the sky could be one usable example.
Life spans.  This gets into the 'foot' being the kings foot for a unit of measure.  A ruler's lifetime could be referred to as a unit of measure.  Of course this means the unit of measure is inexact (so was 'foot'), but it is usable.
Moons.  If they are available, a moons cycle is a great time tracker.
Arbitrary.  1 second is a relatively abstract concept (same as '1 meter'), as we've set that this is what a second is and we're using it (our second finds it's roots in early Sumerian culture where they divided things in to 6 sets of gods (one male one female) * 5 (number of fingers or number of man) = 6*2*5 = 60 seconds.  Same root as 360 degrees and 12 * 2 hours in a day.

I guess the question of 'what does a civilization measure with time' becomes necessary to ask.  Is time on a timeless planet really necessary?  Is time nothing but arbitrary?  If it's a 'slow' species (sloth?) it's possible the arbitrary unit they come up with is significantly longer for a second than a much more hyper race.
Comment: With no star producing light to reflect, moons would be just dark shades on starlit sky. The starlight would be somewhat brighter, but tracking this shade would be too difficult to be likely to be used as a calendar. However, astronomers might study the moon's movement well enough to be able to derive some abstract units (hours, seconds etc.) from it.
Comment: LifeCycles - Maybe *Crops* life cycle could be a big player.  After all, our own perception of time is heavily influenced by the behaviours of plants (e.g. the 4 seasons). Might be more consistent, and far more granular than leaders life.
Comment: A planet like that would likely have to have moons or something similar to generate heat. Moons would likely be the answer here.
Comment: 1 second isn't completely arbitrary when you consider the origin in ancestry using base-12 numbering (which is where we get 24[12*2] hours, 360[12*30]ish days, 12 months, 60[12*5] hours, etc). Of course, the modern second is now either defined by so many oscillations of a particular energy state of some crystal, or the time for light to travel a set distance, I forget which.
Comment: @Byte56 - potentially...though rogue planets are usually formed in a system and then ejected through gravitational forces...not something that would be likely have moons at the start.  Might pick up asteroids along the way though.
Comment: @HorusKol - Still arbitrary based on the planets spin.  If the planet was spinning a bit slower then it is currently, lets say 10 minutes longer to rotate (so every day is 1/144 longer than current), would we have 600 more seconds (meaning seconds is a set length and not arbitrary) or would we have a second that is 1/144 of a second longer than it is now?  The length of a second is arbitrary based on the rotation time of the planet we are on.
Comment: Also moons would be unlikely to create significant heating on the planet, you're still on an ice ball...
Comment: @NPSF3000 I think it's the other way around, life cycles are heavily influenced by the seasons, which are a result of our orbit and tilt.
Comment: @PavelV. - don't underestimate the extent early humans were star watchers...don't have to go much further than the Mayan's to discover what we can put together when people dedicate their lives to star watching.
Comment: @Byte56 on earth yes, but on a rogue planet maybe not.  Plants can be either arbitrary (e.g. their life cycle is exactly 50 days old, regardless of environment), or react to some environmental stimuli that is not immediately obvious.
Answer: The conservation of the planet's angular momentum means that your rogue planet will spin whether the planet was flung from a star system or developed on its own. Without a sun, the stars will be clearly visible at all times. The planet will have a day based on its rotation to the distant stars, a sidereal day (which Earth also has, in addition to a solar day) that is nearly as obvious to any developing civilization as the day and night are. They can divide this day into smaller units like our seconds and larger units like our years.
However, instead of the larger units being based on the Moon (months) and Sun (years), years are more likely to be based on simple multiples of whatever base-counting system is common there (e.g. 100 or 360 days). Without the Moon, Sun, and seasons to keep things semi-consistent, different developing civilizations will likely have widely varying customs here: e.g. some early cultures may count generations, life spans, pregnancy terms, or plant seed to harvest times, or not have a year-like system at all.
Further, the species will likely not naturally have a daily circadian rhythm like we do. While observing stars is something any intelligent being can do, it's not going to be something important to the evolution of life on the planet. They may not sleep at all, and only rest in intervals that would seem strange to us. However, in order to run an efficient advanced society (anything after, say, an Industrial Revolution), it seems likely that they'd have standard working hours and resting/personal hours, synced to the planet's day.
Depending on how developed and globalized the culture(s) on your planet are, this may have long since been standardized to one or two systems (e.g. our methods of measuring are mostly Imperial and Metric now) or still have many coexisting systems (e.g. our currency).

This assumes that space can be seen from the planet. If the planet is under total cloud cover (as may be needed to keep a rogue planet warm enough for life-as-we-know-it), everything about a sidereal day and stars can go out the window and it's only after the advent of cloud-penetrating technology that any day-like structure can be easily observed. By this time, they'll likely have timepieces that use arbitrary units.
Answer: While a species on a rogue planet wouldn't have the usual reference points for time, there are still many ways to track time and many reference points for it and all it requires is having a sense of the passage of time.
Environmental indicators
Assuming the planet is kept warm through internal processes, if these have a periodicity, they could serve as a reference. For example, if the planet has a liquid mantle that causes volcanic activity, they could use eruptions, earthquakes and the like as reference points, provided their is periodicity to them.
The same can happen with the biosphere as it forms a complex system. In systems and control theory, we study the behaviors of simpler systems and how they react mathematically:

This is the response of a lower order system to the step function (which is a fancy way of saying a change of input between two values and remaining at the second one). In higher order systems, with more complex input, the oscillation can be sustained, instead of diminishing as you see in the diagram. This is especially common when a system has a positive feedback loop (which is a fancy way of saying that energy is added to the system proportionally to its output - you get 5 tigers, so then you add 3 - now you have 8, so then you add 5 more).
Considering that on a rogue planet certain dampening factors or external influences may be missing, such biosphere oscillations may remain stable for long enough for this civilization to observe them and notice their periodicity and how long each cycle lasts. After all, even the celestial objects and day-night periods we used for timekeeping are not always of the same length and their average length changes with time (just like the Moon flies away from us a couple of centimeters per year, but that doesn't prevent us from using it for accurate enough time measurements).
Everyday life
Just like we do today, this civilization may develop some standard for time. This would be necessary for trade, which is why we developed many sciences in the first place. A simple time measurement would be to define, for example, the time it takes for a fuse of specific dimensions and material to completely consume itself as it burns. Such standardization would initially depend on such everyday needs but could also include periods such as the incubation time for eggs, the time to carry a child to birth, the time it usually takes people to sleep and wake up, the time it takes to walk to places etc. - these could serve as a base for longer time measurements.
Accuracy
Of course, eventually they would develop complex physical understanding of the world and require precise timekeeping. There is no reason technology wouldn't serve them as well as it has served us in this case. There would already be agreement on some standard measurement of time within cultures and probably globally wherever trade has spread.
Answer: The key thing about tracking time really boils down to a type of pattern recognition, we had sunrise/sunset as early time "markers" but a rogue planet will lack the larger astronomical patterns to base time off of; instead they will likely use something more akin to our early measures of weight or distance (the cubit was length from elbow to the tip of the middle finger) these varied but were good enough based on the average at the time.
Initially their understanding of time may be based off of sleep/awake cycles for something like a day and a year might be based off of a "yearly" reproductive cycle or hibernation. In general the time they keep will be related to things they can initially "track" with their own senses (another "year" passes when they lay eggs again).
As time goes on and they improve in terms of science they may then base it off other principles like the half-life of certain radioactive elements or the frequency of vibrating crystals (like quartz at 32,768 Hz http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_clock)
Comment: That isn't an inherent property of quartz crystals. Those crystals are "tuned" by cutting them to a size where the resonant frequency is 32.768 kHz because it is convenient to build a binary divider circuit dividing by 2^15 to get a 1 Hz signal. It can't be used to define a time unit, unless they were to pick a single specific crystal (like the prototype kilogram).
Comment: Oh, well thanks for the clarification; learn something new every day =D
Answer: First of all you should not ask how, but why?
You mean a rogue planet without the sun, where the only source of energy for living beings is the geothermal energy from beneath the planet's surface? If the energy flow is relatively stable, there would be no need for any calendar measurement similar to ours. Days, months and years arises from the need to adapt the life to the cycles of the nature.
It's quite unlikely that the beings on your planet would have eyes. Eyes are not very useful on the planet with minimal amount of light, there's more use in developing other senses. Without day and nights, sleep cycles like ours are unlikely to develop.
If there are regular cycles in the geothermal energy fluctuations, your folks would develop the calendar based on those cycles.
And when they develop technical civilization, they would adapt time measurement techniques adapted specifically to the timeline of those processes.
Answer: Candles, water clocks, sand timers - 'hour glass', migration patterns, growth of vegetation - a 'clock plant' if you will, all of this could be highly abstract at the stage of development of your civilization - in that the smallest unit of time might originally be the length of time it takes a river to fill a vessel with a specific size of hole in it but by the era of mechanical technology might be only referenced by name - having been replicated by gears and springs.
Answer: The planet will still spin on it's axis, so you can still define the sidereal day (relative to distant stars). The planet might be orbited by naked-eye visible moons or other debris which you can use to define longer units of measurement, but there might just as well be no obvious longer cycles to calibrate time against. However there are some other astrophysical phenomena you might use.
The most obvious would be things like Cepheid variable stars. Because the maximum brightness of a Cepheid is directly proportional to it's pulsation period, choosing say "the dimmest Cepheid visible to the naked eye" could be one way of defining a week. Of course that uses relative rather than absolute magnitude, which would be a source of error, but it is possible to determine absolute magnitude. Cepheids have periods ranging from a couple of days to a couple of months, and are very consistent.
Similarly there are Mira variables, which have periods measured in hundreds of days. Instant year.
Whether a long unit of measurement, like the year, is actually useful in an environment which has no seasons is of course another question entirely.


How Do You Record Impulse Responses in Small Places?

Question: I've only been able to experiment recording IR's in big reverberant places with balloon pops, I'm curious how you would go about recording some in places where a balloon can't be used like in a vacuum cleaner tube. I don't have access to use a starter pistol or studio monitors, so what other options are available that you guy's recommend I should try out?
Answer: I have impulsed a number of ways. Balloon pops, belt snaps and tone sweeps through speakers.
I like the speaker sweeps the best. Sound Forge comes with acoustic mirror and you can find the tone sweeps on their site. Acoustic mirror can deconvolve after you record the sweep.
Voxengo deconvoler is another great one that you can even batch process. It can also generate the tone sweeps.
For small items I have used a car coax speaker or headphone. I suppose you could record a click and use that instead of tone sweeping. That would be that fastest way. Just make a square wave full scale for about 5 milliseconds and leave a second of space at the end.
What I do is put a mic (typically omni to get the full range) in one end of a vacuum tube and the other a headphone\speaker. Record the tone sweep and then deconvolve.
Since mics are small you can put the mic in whatever you want and have a regular speaker fire at it. Works fine.
BTW
What I have heard with the balloon pops is a strange response because the air is imploding then exploding. The tone sweeps have a more true response.
Hope that helps.
Drew
Comment: it takes loudness to really excite the space, doesn't it? what volume do you play those sweeps at?
Comment: Do even headphones turn out alright?
Answer: It doesn't explain much, but the Prometheus special features on soundworkscollection.com talks a bit about the IP's made for the space helmets to make the ADR more fluent and easier. It shows a pic of the setup within the helmet (press pause). You'll see two mics at about 90 degrees and they used tone sweeps from a small speaker.
The practice of creating IP's still completely baffles me...


Strip HTML when pasting into single-line text field

Question: If someone copies HTML from another site (like a title) and pastes it into a single-line text field, is there any way to automatically strip the HTML out? I know with rich text fields there are paste options to do this if you want, but with single-line text it sometimes throws one of those "an error occurred" messages in experience editor (logs come back with "After parsing a value an unexpected character was encountered: O") and sometimes it just shows the raw HTML instead. Thanks.
Comment: some js to listen on single line text change?
Comment: Not prepared to use this as an answer just yet, but you could use the item:saving event to wire up logic that would strip out HTML out of a field upon saving.
Comment: Only catch to that is sometimes the process is creating that "error occurred" on save, so it'd never hit item:saving. If it got past that it could work, but this seems more like something someone should really just paste it into a text editor first. Or just make the fields rich text and they deal with the consequences. :)
Comment: Yeah, my feeling is that you would either paste to notepad first or strip on save/saving.
Comment: Or more specifically - onpaste. Some info from w3s - http://www.w3schools.com/jsref/event_onpaste.asp
Answer: It looks like you want to directly paste the copied contents in experience editor, unlike RichText Field which provides dialog-popup.
In your layout, any master rendering page, or any global javascript, try to add this javascript.

Refresh the page with disabled cache status in browser and test
Comment: I have yet to try this answer for myself, but this is a unique solution that I've not seen yet. Nice answer.
Comment: I have tested this method in 8.2 and it seems very promising.  It does not strip line-breaks, it will add `` appropriately.  All other inline scripts are removed properly.
Answer: Have you considered hooking into item:saving Sitecore event? You can retrieve an item being saved and sanitize its fields:
public void OnItemSaving(object sender, System.EventArgs args)
{
    Item item = Event.ExtractParameter(args, 0) as Item;
    Error.AssertNotNull(item, "No item in parameters");
    //modify item fields as required
}

More info in John West's post: https://community.sitecore.net/technical_blogs/b/sitecorejohn_blog/posts/repost-intercepting-item-updates-with-sitecore


Setting Project Deadlines

Question: As a project coordinator, would it be acceptable if I asked the employee "Would this be a reasonable deadline for you?"
Comment: Your deadline is irrelevant unless the resources exist to complete the required scope.
Answer: welcome to PMSE!
In short, yes and no. Yes, because the team member will be responsible for the deliverable. No, because a team member can only provide you estimates. In your question, I'm assuming you used the term deadline as estimate, don't you?
Thinking of estimates, you're not only allowed to, but you must ask your team for estimates.
An estimation (as the name says) is when something is expected to be available. A deadline, on the other hand, is the due date that the team must commit to.
Estimates comes from your team to you, deadlines comes from the stakeholders to you. It's your duty to make things match as much as possible, tailoring business need / work effort throughput to reach the perfect balance.
Comment: That distinction between estimate and deadline is really important.  A deadline should *always* have a reason behind why that date is vital to hit.
Answer: Two different processes done by different roles.  Organizations, in my observations, typically combine them, which is mistake.  Estimating should be done, as Tiago indicates, by the workers who now the work intimately, while the targeting should be done by the business, e.g., the people accountable for success.  Estimating should be probabilistic, e.g., I can finish this between 3 and 7 days, most likely 5.  Targeting should be deterministic, e.g., the deadline is 4 days.
The factors and variables that are under consideration in both processes are different and many are in direct conflict.  This is why it needs to be two separate processes done by the two different roles; else, you will lose valuable considerations.  For example, the workers will care less about winning the work with an aggressive price set using aggressive targets.  The workers will care more about coming in on time and will target for themselves more safely.  (This, of course, is not always true in all cases; it is just an example of a common scenario.)
Comment: Good point highlighting the probabilistic x deterministic distinctions!
Answer: If the deadlines are no the critical path (which I assume most of them would be) then I would ask people to commit to those dates. Anything on the critical path is important enough to get commitment for.  There may be exceptions where the task and deadlines are based on estimates in which case people might not want to connect fully, but at least you want them to understand the urgency of delivering on those deadlines.

Setting Project Deadlines


How should I interpret site analytics with 11 pageviews in an 3 second visit?

Question: I'm using google analytics and recently i've noticed some weird trends going on. I have a lot of visits that last mere seconds but mark several page views... more than a normal human can see in that range of time. A specific case is that the only visitor from Ireland i've had until now recorded 11 pageviews in a 3 second visit. Are these crawlers? Shouldn't google analytics filter those out?
Answer: Google Analytics won't pick up crawlers (since it uses javascript, and most crawlers do not run that).
Do you have iFrames or ajax or something? Perhaps a single page load is loading a few other files and those are being logged (like in an Iframe or something) Or are you calling the <code>.trackPageview()</code> method anywhere in your javascript?
EDIT:
Also, 11 pages in 3 seconds isn't that hard. If I held Command/Alt and clicked on all the links on this page, they would all open in tabs in the background. I could easily open up 20+ pages in 3 seconds
Comment: Hi @webdestroya. nope, I have no iframes, no call to .trackPageview(). Ajax is being used to handle contact form submission only and jquery is used for simple animations. Other than that the site is standard Html and CSS.
Comment: Also, 11 pages in 3 seconds isn't that hard. If I held Command/Alt and clicked on all the links on this page, they would all open in tabs in the background. I could easily open up 20+ pages in 3 seconds.
Answer: i don't know what caused those 11 hits.
I do know that javascript-executing bots are a routine and well-documented issue for Web Analytics practitioners.
One significant source of js-executing bots (and the most well-documented) is load-testing tools such as Gomez, Keynote, et al. This isn't an incidental or de minimis source either--these bots can and often do generate a lot of hits in GA. (Several web analytics practitioners have remarked, in a forum threat i linked to below, that over the course of a few days, "Gomez Advisors" suddenly showed up at the top of their "Top Service Providers" Report, then disappeared from it a few days later.)  This issue is discussed frequently in the Web Analytics Boards/forums and techniques to filter the data they generate are easy to find (e.g., create custom filters in GA using published list of IP addresses, based on service provider, etc.)
Given that it's easy to exclude this traffic using fine-grained filters in GA, my view is that it's a good idea just do do it, rather than first  it's probably a good idea to do so, then check if you continue to see those patterns in your data.
(A few more sources that contain discussions of js-executing bots in the context of Web Analytics:
SlickSurface Blog
Seomoz
Online Marketing Blog


How do East Asian instruments (Shamisen, pipa, etc.) get their unique sound?

Question: Is it because of the tuning of the strings, what the strings are made of, or the shape of it? Or something completely else? Would it be possible to replicate the sound with a regular guitar?
Comment: Every instrument has a unique sound.  Why is the pipa "unique" to you compared to guitar or saxophone?  It's not really a question that can answered.  Why can't you get a guitar sound from a pipa?
Comment: Reading between the lines, I assumed the OP is specifically asking about the main differences between popular Asian stringed instruments and guitar.
Answer: That's a very broad question with no single answer. There are dozens of instruments unique to the Far East, and some may sound more "exotic" or "Eastern" than others do.
Three things occur to me:
1) Traditional Asian music uses different scales and tunings than Western music does. Indeed, traditional Chinese music has had various systems of 12-note scales, 13-note scales, and 5-note scales, and they can sound quite different than the chromatic 12-note scale that is familiar to the Western ear. You can read more about that here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_musicology
2) The materials and technology used for making traditional Asian instruments would vary greatly from instrument-making in Europe over the last several centuries. Types of wood and metal would vary greatly, as well as animal hides (I just read that shamisen traditionally uses cat or dog skin!) and materials for making strings and bows. An example of this would be bamboo, readily available in Asia, which naturally lends itself to making flutes and other wind instruments. The sonic characteristics of a bamboo flute would be quite different from a wooden flute made in Europe. And yes, what the strings are made out of can cause a huge difference in sound. For example, compare the coiled steel strings of an acoustic guitar to the nylon strings of a classical guitar.
3) Different styles of music dictate the types of instruments that get built. There is probably no better example of this than the Western classical symphony. Through the centuries, the European composer has pushed the boundaries of instrumentation. Families of related instruments, such as violins, violas, cello, and bass, were designed with similar tunings, so as to make life easier for both the composer and the conductor. These instruments were built to sound good together, and master craftsmen spent a great deal of energy making sure timbre and tonality were pleasing. Ultimately, these instruments have come to sound "Western."
In the case of the shamisen, the biggest difference between how it sounds from a guitar is that the shamisen is fretless. You could likely get a (somewhat) similar sound on a Western instrument that doesn't have frets, such as a viola or fretless electric bass. Or you could get one of these:


Z motor not moving during auto home

Question: My Monoprice maker select recently fried its melzi board.  So I went out and purchased a ramps 1.4 kit.  I've wired it all up and Flash the firmware with marlin(most recent build).  When it boots up it boots up fine I go to prepare.  And then I go to move axis I can move the X Y and Z axis and the access is moving in the correct direction.  I go to auto home and the X and Y axis home properly but the z-axis does not move at all.  Even though I can move it manually.    Does anyone have any suggestions.  I checked the end stop for the z-axis even though I know it probably has nothing to do with it and it has continuity when the end stop switch is depressed.
Comment: Here's a little strange update,  when moving the extruder motor it doesn't move.  I just connected the extruder motor and Connect into the Y access.  The extruder motor then moved, I I am going to check continuity of those wires going up to the extruder.  But if that doesn't work I want to say it's a firmware issue and I might have to do a deep dive into my configuration.h. to figure everything out.  Makes sense that it's firmware driven as I selected 33 and I don't have any controls for the heated bed
Comment: I also tried 43
Comment: Well the motor extruder won't move until the heating element reach the melting temperature. About Z axis maybe there are a problem with endstops settings and Z travel for homing.
Comment: Alright figured out a little bit about it,  after loading a new configuration I now have bed Heating but the bed wasn't heating past 50 degrees Celsius. So I add the mosfet and now it Heats perfectly.  But now I have a new issue the extruder motor regardless of the hot end being heated is not working.  The physical part is working as I moved the stepper motor to the  y-axis and it worked. ideas?
Comment: Have you tried sending the printer "M119" to check endstop status and make sure it doesn't think the Z endstop is triggered?
Answer: Alright, I have figured everything out with the help of #reprap IRC community.
Issue #1 - Z axis not moving during zero.  Just as tjb1 suggested the issue was that it thought it was hitting the endstop, I needed to invert the logic of the endstop within the configuration.h
<code>const bool Z_MAX_ENDSTOP_INVERTING = true;
</code>
Issue #2 - No Heated bed controls.  The issue resided with the configuration of the heated bed within the configuration.h.  The bed was not defined correctly(I do not have the solution for this one as I found a pre-configured configuration.h for the Monoprice maker Select and  after loading the firmware it worked
Issue #3 - The extruder motor would not move.  This was the biggest issue and came down to it being a cheap RAMPS/Arduino.  E0's pinouts were not working properly so I took off the driver and wiring from E0 and put it on E1 then altered the pins_RAMPS.h and swapped the values for E1 and E0 pinouts.  after reloading the firmware the extruder then moved fine.
<code>#define E0_STEP_PIN        36
#define E0_DIR_PIN         34
#define E0_ENABLE_PIN      30

#define E1_STEP_PIN        26
#define E1_DIR_PIN         28
#define E1_ENABLE_PIN      24
</code>

Z motor not moving during auto home


Is having the username and password fields on different pages more secure?

Question: An online bank I use requires inputting your username, navigating to a second page and then entering the password to login. What actual security advantage does this provide, if any?
Comment: This is basically the same as separately validating logins and passwords, which is sometimes considered bad.
Comment: Are you sure there aren't additional features present during this process, such as a random image to help you authenticate the bank (a la SiteKey)?
Comment: The only benefit I can think of is that it gives the user slightly longer to identify a phishing attack if the site is a fake duplicate. Closely related: [Is SiteKey a valid defense against Phishing?](http://security.stackexchange.com/questions/26347/is-sitekey-a-valid-defense-against-phishing)
Comment: @D.W. There are, but only after entering the name and password.
Comment: @Mints97 I don't know if it they do that, they have me enter both and then check them, together as far as I can tell.
Answer:
From a security control perspective, all it really does is slow down the ability of automated password probing software to perform their task of trying out multiple passwords.  The site is hoping an attacker may choose a "softer" target instead of their site.  As an actual security control, this technique is not particularly effective.

Also, specifically for banks, this is one of several Industry
approved "security enhancements" that the U.S. banking industry is requiring
member banks to choose from.  In the U.S. in 2011, all banks and
credit unions were informed of new cybersecurity policy from the
Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council
(https://www.ffiec.gov/pdf/Auth-ITS-Final%206-22-11%20%28FFIEC%20Formated%29.pdf),
along with authentication guidance presentations
(https://chapters.theiia.org/western-new-york/ChapterDocuments/FFIEC%20Authentication%20Guidance.pptx).
I remember the bank I use converting their login pages in 2012 and 2013
to meet the new standards before their annual audit, including moving the password to a separate page from the userid.
Given all the
stolen password lists, the separate stolen email address lists, the
fact that most users use the same password on all the sites they have
accounts at, and the fact that most sites stupidly (from a security
perspective) force user-ids to be email addresses, there are new
types of highly selective "low-and-slow" over-the-web password
probing systems that take advantage of all the above.  So the site is hoping that making the login sequence slower to do the automated password probing may make the attackers give up sooner.

From a security UI design perspective, this UI design pattern does offer some useful advantages.  It allows sites that adopt it to add conditional authentication steps.  For example, a site can offer their users the option for a text-message token to create a two-factor authentication.  For those users that provided a mobile number, the sequence may be: page1=enter userid, page2=enter token, page3=enter password.  For those users that did not provide a mobile number, it is just page1=enter userid, page2=enter password.

This UI design template also allows for gradual conversion of their user base to newer and stronger authentication both over-a-timespan and user-by-user, which are both critical considerations for a site with thousands or more of users.
Another example, the bank I use in 2012 converted their login pages to first ask me for user id, then asks me to confirm an image I picked in my profile from a set of images, then finally asks for my password, all on separate pages.  Whether or not picking an image from a set of images really adds any authentication effectiveness is a separate issue from the question about the login UI design template.
A further example, some banks chose to implement a "UI Keyboard" to attempt to thwart key loggers (userid is entered on one page with a regular UI text field, then a second page is brought up with the "UI Keyboard".  One can debate whether an on-screen keyboard is or is not effectivesecurity-wise, but the UI design pattern of configurable and sequential authentication on separate pages allows sites this freedom to innovate.
Most sites do not prematurely end the login sequence if something is incorrectly entered.  The end-user enters all information in the various pages of the sequence, and only at the end learns if authentication was successful or not.  Some sites do exit early, which creates some institutional residual risk in terms of account validity detection.
Which specific authentication steps are shown can even vary by the particular user-id given what that user selected in their profile.  So sites that do this are not forced anymore to offer only one fixed authentication sequence for all their end-users.
Even more advanced login systems of this style can even vary the authentication steps for the same end-user who fails a first authentication, or is accessing from an unknown computer/device, or from an IP address that is significantly out-of-area, or if the site's automated IDS software thinks a password probing attack is in-progress.
So separating IDENTIFICATION from AUTHENTICATION (aka user-id from password and other steps) in the login UI gives sites more freedom and flexibility to evolve their login processes over time.  Those sites that change their login pages to this new template can further adapt or alter the login sequence in the future, yet have their end-users not feel like the login process is changing all that much.
Comment: "For example, my bank first asks for user id, then asks me to confirm an image I picked in my profile from a set of images, then finally asks for my password, all on separate pages." that would be an account enumeration vulnerability in itself as you'd be disclosing whether an account actually exists before authenticating. This could be valuable to a range of attacks including social engineering or say if you had some account numbers and you wanted to discover which bank they belonged to.
Comment: "It slows down the ability of automated password testing software to perform their tasks of trying out multiple passwords." also I question how significant a single extra HTTP request is. If this was genuinely their intention then surely they'd introduce an artificial delay via a slow hashing algorithm or even just a busy wait instead.
Comment: This answer is superficial look at this issue. It assumes that brute forcing is the major issue & focuses on the user and not the company/sever. A big reason why this is done is to prevent passwords from accidentally landing in the username field, which is logged, & is correlated in all sort of reports. If you get two failed login attempts in a short period of time from the same IP, chances are one one time the username is the username & next is the password. If you gain access to the logs, you can find such instances & get a user's password. http://security.stackexchange.com/a/32026/36538
Comment: As I said, its not really any type of significant security mitigator.  But the banking industry has decided it is one of many acceptable security features for banks to choose to implement.  I'm just stating their rationale.
Comment: "asks me to confirm an image I picked in my profile from a set of images... Whether or not picking an image from a set of images really adds any authentication effectiveness is a separate issue"  From a UX PoV, I found the image to be helpful. For better or worse, I tend to use similar usernames across systems. However, with different systems having different requirements and since I use multiple email accounts, sometimes I attempt the wrong email on a certain site. By displaying the picture, I know whether or not I used the correct email before logging an invalid attempt with a wrong password
Comment: Great answer - I came looking for explanations for the trend, and some of your points mesh with observations of Google's implementation: https://www.ghacks.net/2015/05/15/google-splits-sign-in-process-into-two-pages/
Comment: It makes using my password database more cumbersome - which is the "ideal "authentication measure + 2FA that we currently have for things like this. Punishing the good users is automatic bad UX and I assume the frontend team doesn't know what they're doing if they think this mess helps security.
Answer: I have seen this used by many provides as a way to do Home Realm Discovery, when many IDPs are involved.
When a user types their email address in, the next screen will be the IDP or in case of many possible choices, a selection list, followed by a redirection.
Another possibility is that this technique confuses password managers, or built in chrome "remember my password" features.  There are probably better ways of doing this, and if done for this reason alone it may result in security theatre.
Comment: I always thought this was an attempt to prevent users from accidentally entering their passwords into the username field.
Answer: I suspect this hasn't been done for a genuine security reason, instead these two scenarios might explain it:

This is simply an artefact of how the system was developed rather than something they'd necessarily reimplement if they were building the system again today.
It has been suggested in previous answers that banks like to make their authentication processes unique and more complicated than typical online accounts. This is to make users feel that logging into their bank is more secure than logging into say Facebook.

It may have been done to separate the account identification from password verification steps, but if that is the case then I can only conclude that this was done for some reason other than security. If the positive account identification is indicated to the user then it would be creating an account enumeration vulnerability and making the system less secure rather than more.
Some authentication systems do have a "personal site seal" which you're suppose to identify before entering your password to prevent phishing, however these systems usually have some other form of authentication (for example your mothers maiden name) before displaying the seal to you - that prevents accounts from being enumerated and phishers from knowing the site seal without having to know some details about you. This is not considered very effective though.
Answer: Some sites may allow users to associate a non-confidential picture or phrase with their username, and show it before the user enters their password.  Depending upon the mechanisms used to prevent man-in-the-middle situations, such an approach may make it more difficult for a phisher to make a page which, given a username, would quickly and smoothly call up the image/phrase associated with that user.  In the absence of MITM-detection code, nothing would prevent a phisher from putting up a fake "username" screen, submitting the username from that into the bank's form, and then sending back the picture/phrase from the bank's system, but a bank's systems could incorporate various mechanisms to try to prevent that.  Perhaps the biggest difficulty would be achieving compatibility with "security" software that tries to insert itself as a man-in-the-middle on https:// connections.
Comment: I have seen this, and the usual "catch" is that they won't show this "safety image" unless the client is a previously-known one (i.e. saved cookie/IP address/etc.) and will instead insert another screen before showing it if it's not the case (i.e. what's your mother's maiden name)


Is Game Center progress tied to the device or the account?

Question: I want to make a new game center account for myself, because I share one with my mom and brother.  Does it delete your progress in games if you do?
Answer: The Game Center progress stays with the account, not the device so you would need to check with each specific application to see if they also maintain the game status and would propagate it to a new account or you would be starting over when it detects a new account has been added to the same device.
There isn't a general "it always works this way" established in the games I have tried. Some certainly have their own data servers and data structures so you don't lose progress without a game center account. Others depend entirely on Game Center and only the account stores any sort of progress and achievements so that all status is 100% cloud based and not reflected on the device as a permanent store of progress.


SearchIndexer.exe faulting on Windows 8

Question: I've had Windows 8 running on my laptop since it went RTM, but since about 2 or 3 days ago I haven't been able to use my Windows Media Network Sharing Service to watch movies on my Xbox.  I finally decided to investigate a little bit and it turns out that service isn't running due to a service dependency that isn't running.  The dependency is the "Windows Search" service.
When I try to run it, it fails and if I look in the Application Event Log I see this:
Faulting application name: SearchIndexer.exe, version: 7.0.9200.16433, time stamp: 0x50763415
Faulting module name: ESENT.dll, version: 6.2.9200.16384, time stamp: 0x5010aad8
Exception code: 0xc0000005
Fault offset: 0x00000000002056b3
Faulting process id: 0xfdc
Faulting application start time: 0x01ce395021b94eb3
Faulting application path: C:\Windows\system32\SearchIndexer.exe
Faulting module path: C:\Windows\system32\ESENT.dll
Report Id: 5f84cb8e-a543-11e2-be7e-68a3c4f66910
Faulting package full name:
Faulting package-relative application ID:

Does anyone have any idea why this is occurring?  It worked fine for months up until just a few days ago.
Laptop: HP ProBook 4530s, Core I5, 8G RAM, Win8 Pro
Which reminds me - I did just upgrade from 4 to 8 gigs of RAM a little over a week ago, but I don't see why that would be causing the problem.  The laptop has been very stable and nothing weird has happened since then (except this).
Thank you!
EDIT:
I forgot to mention, I followed the steps that they described over on this technet forum post by doing a sfc /scannow and analyzing the cbs.log file for corrupt files but I don't seem to have any.  I spent quite a bit of time reading up on how to analyze that log file and everything seems good.  sfc /scannow reports "Windows Resource Protection did not find any integrity violations" upon completion of the command.  That seemed to fix the problem for several people, but not me...
EDIT 2:
I just found this Windows Search Troubleshooter on support.microsoft.com, but still no luck.  It didn't seem to do anything...
Answer: Rebuilding the search index might help, through Control Panel - Indexing Options - Advanced - Rebuild.

SearchIndexer.exe faulting on Windows 8


Visa requirements - quick trip to Canada during a business trip to the USA

Question: I am heading to Seattle for a conference - entering the country using the Visa Waiver Program. I would like to make a quick trip - probably one day or two at the most - to Vancouver and then come back to Seattle before flying home. Can someone tell me if I may expect to have problems coming back into the USA with my waived visa?
Answer: You will have no problems at all.
Officially your 90 day WVP entry into the US will not be reset by the quick visit to Canada, although realistically I'm not sure how this is enforced nowadays. (It used to be that you would keep the I-94W form that you received when you first entered the US, and re-use it to re-enter from Canada, but as I-94W's no longer exist this may not happen).
Regardless of whether they treat it as two entries or one, it's not a problem.
You will also need to confirm that you do not need a Visa to enter Canada.  Presuming you're an Australian, you should not need one (presuming no crime record/etc, but if you can get into the US under WVP you should have no issues getting into Canada either).
Answer: If you are able to visit the US on a visa waiver then you are probably able to visit Canada without a visa. You should probably check to be on the safe side. Likewise there should be no problem with exiting and re-entering the US on a visa waiver.


Which USS Voyager is the real USS Voyager?

Question: In the Star Trek: Voyager episode "Deadlock", the USS Voyager is duplicated by an anomaly. Which one of the Voyagers is the original and which one is the duplicate? Or are they both duplicates? Or are they both originals?
Answer: I have a different take....
When Janeway describes the ships separation and explains the experiment at Kent State, she states that the matter was duplicated but not the anti-matter. So the original ship would have the anti-matter.

*JANEWAY 2: Matter. But not antimatter.
KIM 2: Captain?
JANEWAY 2: In that Kent State experiment, they were able to duplicate
  normal matter, but when they tried to duplicate antimatter particles,
  the experiment failed.
TORRES 2: So the antimatter on the ships wasn't duplicated. Both
  engines have been trying to draw power from a single source of
  antimatter.*

And if you recall in the episode the ship that was torn apart was having problems because it appears it didn't have anti-matter flowing in the warp drive while the original ship was bombarding the it's warp drive with the anti-protons. The "healthy" ship for lack of a better term even offered to split it's anti-matter with the other ship, begging the question how could healthy Janeway offer something she was splitting? So one might think  the healthy ship was the original one and the one that was torn apart was the duplicate.
Janeway also said the experiment didn't work for long and the two ships couldn't survive in the same space.

*JANEWAY 2: By my estimates, our antimatter supply will run out in less than half an hour.
JANEWAY: The attempt to merge our ships is throwing us further out of
  phase. The quantum cohesion on both Voyagers is breaking down.
JANEWAY 2: Just like original Kent State experiment. The duplicate
  atoms couldn't occupy the same point in space time for very long
  before*

The cohesion issue does does not direct us as to which would survive but just that they couldn't survive in the same space. But why wouldn't they move one of the particles in the experiment into a different space so they could both survive? Why would healthy Janeway know about the anti-matter status but not unhealthy Janeway? This leads us to believe that again the original healthy Janeway has to be original. And one would think that moving the ships further out of phase would help them occupy the same space better.

*JANEWAY 2: We've been boarded. The Vidiians are on the verge of taking over our ship. Are they on yours?
JANEWAY [on viewscreen]: No. We don't think they can detect our
  ship. Captain, we can have a security detachment cross the spatial
  rift and board your ship within five minutes.*

The Vidiians could not see the unhealthy one but could see the healthy one. So therefore it would seem that the original ship is the healthy one since they are in phase and more easily discernable and the unhealthy voyager ship is invisible to the Vidiians. This is further evidence of the healthy ship being the original one.
I would argue that the original ship was the healthy one. It acted faster, had access to the anti-matter, the vidiians could see it, and wasn't losing cohesion in the same way the unhealthy one was. What I don't understand is how the unhealthy one was able to fly off unscathed. Hmmm...
I am going to open a new question(s) about this episode any as I have several that aren't really related to this one.
I think it's a plot hole that allows the unhealthy ship to leave so easily and freely at the end.
Comment: The unhealthy one probably flew off on impulse. Not that it's going to get far.
Answer: Both ships are identical. In the script, it's made explictly clear that a "spatial scission" has caused the ships to diverge by identically duplicating each particle of matter. Since both occupy the same space (albeit separated by a spacial rift), it follows that there is no practical way to identify which is the original.
I've edited for brevity and clarity:

TORRES 2: So I ran a multispectral analysis on the subspace turbulence. It was more than just turbulence. It was some kind of
  divergence field. And the moment we passed through it, all of our
  sensor readings doubled. Mass, energy output, bio-signatures,
  everything. Every particle of matter on this ship seems to have been
  duplicated in that instant.
JANEWAY 2: Quantum theorists at Kent State University ran an experiment in which a single particle of matter was duplicated using
  a divergence of subspace fields, a spatial scission.
CHAKOTAY 2: If the same forces were at work inside the plasma cloud, they may have duplicated every particle of matter on
  Voyager.
Comment: I'd rather say that neither of them are the original. The original particles were replaced by their two duplicates.
Comment: @LightnessRacesinOrbit - It's not made clear in the script whether the particles are both duplicated (e.g. and the original destroyed) or whether one is overlayed onto the other. I'd contend that since they both occupy the same phase space, it's a distinction without a difference.
Comment: I would have to agree.
Answer: Technically both are the same ship. "Every particle of matter was duplicated", according to Memory Alpha. The event sounds similar to what a transporter does, more specifically, what happened to William and Thomas Riker.

"This isn't really my ship and you're not really my captain and yet
  you are and there's no difference. But I know there's a difference. Or
  is there? It's all a little weird." "Mr. Kim, we're Starfleet
  officers. Weird is part of the job."

Kim and Janeway
Answer: I'm gonna go out on a limb here and disagree.  The Voyager at the beginning of the ep is being bombarded with the proton bursts--the unhealthy ship.  "Unhealthy" Kes accidentally crosses the rift to the healthy Voyager.  At the end of the ep, the healthy ship is destroyed so we're "following" the same ship we started with.  To me this suggests that the unhealthy ship is the original.
Now...in a later season we get a twist on this.  Voyager encounters "the silver blood " which duplicates the crew.  In a later episode, we witness the crew's bodies breaking down--because they're the duplicates that left the demon planet.  The original Voyager wanders by after the duplicate ship "reliquifies."
Answer: I know this question is old, but I was so engrossed I feel compelled to give my opinion on the matter for any who google this in the future.
Both are Voyager.
It is explained what had occurred was the duplication of all matter within contact to Voyager. This is not the case of a cell splitting that leaves the original behind and a 'new' clone of itself next to it. This is a case of the molecules diverting from a singular space. Both Voyagers are the Original, by all accounts.
Take for example the Parallel Universe Theory.
It states that every action or inaction creates from itself an entirely new universe that diverts from another. Whether you chose A or B or C, all three occur and are valid extensions of the timeline originating from before a decision was enacted. The Individual you might meet by crossing to a Parallel Universe is you. Both gain separate consciousnesses when their universes split, but both are exact continuations of the singular entity all three once were.
You and your counterpart are both duplicates and yet, the Originals.
While both Voyagers held different power reserves - The Undamaged Voyager notably retaining a far superior power reserve - this is simply due to the 'Pristine' Voyager's use of Proton Bursts. The act of doing so began to damage the Second Voyager seemingly out of nowhere, catching them by surprise and halting their advances towards doing the same. The system and structural damage occurring forced them to attempt to compensate, using up much more power while systems began to fail and break down under the stress.
Both Voyagers were siphoning off a singular reserve of Anti-Matter, the Pristine Voyager simply had larger power reserves left to keep it operational.
In the end you could say the Original Voyager was both destroyed and saved. Both occupied the same space, it's just one overlapped the other. The one on the top layer was the one that was invaded.