nginx: upload progress and rewrite clauses

Question: I'm using nginx with upload progress extension and some rewrite-clauses. Everything works fine, as long as my upload form uploads to a php file (<form action="myphpfile.php" ... >). But when I use an html-file in my action parameter (<form action="myhtmlfile.htm" ...>) I only get "({status: starting})" by requesting the upload status. But... all my pages are rewritten from htm to php using the following location-section in my nginx-conf:
location ~ \.(php|htm)$ {

    rewrite ^/([a-zA-Z0-9]+).htm$ /index.php?page=$1 last;

    client_max_body_size 0;

    include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;

    track_uploads uploads 30s;

}

Is there anything wrong with my location- or rewrite-clause? But... these combination works for anything else, thus I'm currently a bit confused why I only get the correct status by using php-files in form's action-parameter.
Edit: My full configuration is as follows:
user  nginx;
worker_processes  1;

error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {

    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;

    log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    upload_progress uploads 1m;

    server {

        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        server_name_in_redirect off;

        client_header_timeout 800;
        client_body_timeout 800;

        location ~* ^.+.(css|js|ico|txt|png|jpg)$ {
            access_log off;
            expires 30d;
            root /var/www;
        }

        location ~ \.(php|htm)$ {

            rewrite ^/([a-zA-Z0-9]+).htm$ /index.php?page=$1 last;

            client_max_body_size 0;

            include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;

            track_uploads uploads 30s;

        }

        location = /progress.htm {
            report_uploads uploads;
        }

        location ~ /([a-zA-Z0-9]+) {
            include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
        }

        location / {
            rewrite ^ /index.htm permanent;
        }

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root /usr/share/nginx/html;
        }

        location ~ /\.ht {
            deny all;
        }

    }

}

Comment: Do you get any logs in your error log file?
Comment: No... there are no errors in my log-file(s).
Answer: The basis of your logic is wrong. Nginx can only ever use one location per request, you cannot define a location, configure something there and then rewrite the request. When you do this Nginx will disregard everything in that location and only use the location you rewrote to.
You need to have your track_uploads directive in the same location as your fastcgi_pass, otherwise Nginx will think that you're trying to POST to a static location.
Please post your entire server block if you need further help.
Comment: I added the full configuration above...


tmux vs. GNU Screen

Question: Browsing through questions I found about tmux (I normally used GNU Screen). My question is what are pros and cons of each of them. Especially I couldn't find much about tmux.
Comment: Also discussed at http://superuser.com/questions/236158/tmux-vs-screen/
Comment: As you can see from the good answers below, they are *not* opinion-based.
Comment: Although this question is a comparison question, I think the pro and contra arguments are enough objective and thus the opinionatedness close reason is not okay here. You can check the linked SU question, the answers are pretty okay.
Comment: @AjayBrahmakshatriya Obviously "this is bloat"-like answers are opinions. But a list, that "X can ..., ... and .., while Y can ... and ..." are objective. I think the "this is bloat" could be edited out from that answer (considering its score, I did not do it, but I also did not vote them).
Comment: @reinierpost - it seems many people here are too quick to close questions as "primarily opinion-based". However, we can vote to reopen.
Comment: @MountainX you claim that this question is not opinion based, but the accepted (and the most upvoted) answer makes comments like - *...this is bloat and is...*. The problem with such questions is that it __leads__ to opinions being presented
Comment: @user259412 see my comment above.
Answer: From their website:

How is tmux different from GNU screen? What else does it offer?

tmux offers several advantages over screen:

a clearly-defined client-server model: windows are independent entities which
  may be attached simultaneously to multiple sessions and viewed from multiple
  clients (terminals), as well as moved freely between sessions within the same
  tmux server;
a consistent, well-documented command interface, with the same syntax
  whether used interactively, as a key binding, or from the shell;
easily scriptable from the shell;
multiple paste buffers;
choice of vi or emacs key layouts;
an option to limit the window size;
a more usable status line syntax, with the ability to display the first line
  of output of a specific command;
a cleaner, modern, easily extended, BSD-licensed codebase.

There are still a few features screen includes that tmux omits:

builtin serial and telnet support; this is bloat and is unlikely to be added
  to tmux;
wider platform support, for example IRIX and HP-UX, and for odd terminals.
Comment: damn... now I want to try tmux... just because screen didn't work for me due ot lack of vi keybindings.
Comment: Does vi or emacs keybindings just mean tmux comes with a two convenient sets of defaults?  It is possible to completely reconfigure screen's keybindings with its rc file.
Comment: When they speak about implementing, they should finally solve the stupid bug with `` in `vim` in `tmux`.
Comment: You can define arbitrary key bindings. See: http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=tmux&sektion=1#KEY+BINDINGS
Answer: One difference is in how the two act when multiple terminals are attached to a single session.
With screen, each attached terminal's view is independent of the others. With tmux, all attached terminals see the same thing.
Say you have two terminals attached to a single tmux session. If you type ^B 1 into one terminal, the other terminal also switches to window 1.
When you have two terminals attached to a single screen session, and you type ^A 1 into one, it has no effect on the other terminal.
This is based on my experience with tmux 1.2; I see 1.3 is out but I didn't notice anything in the changelog about this behavior changing.
If you like the screen behavior and want it in tmux:
If your original tmux session is called 0 (the default), then you can do tmux new-session -t 0) to start up a new independent session connected to the same set of windows, which can then have its own view.
Comment: if your original tmux session is called "0" (the default), then you can do "tmux new-session -t 0") to start up a new independent session connected to the same set of windows, which can then have its own view. I'm pretty sure this worked back in 1.2/1.3, but I can't remember offhand.
Comment: This is an interesting distinction.  I'm sure each of these has advantages, for different use cases.  (tmux advantage: two people attached to same tmux session e.g. for remote pair programming would always see the same thing; screen advantage: one person attached to the same screen from two places for two different purposes can have two different views, even simultaneously (with, say, side-by-side (OS/windowmanager-level) windows).)
Comment: @cos this is exactly the tip for which I was looking. Thank you so much. I wish I could up vote you twice :)  I'll start reattaching with 'tmux new-session -t 0' every time now.
Comment: @Cos This was added "FROM 1.0 TO 1.1, 05 November 2009". @jrwren The command can be shorted `tmux new -t 0` .
Answer: tmux is fairly new compared with GNU screen.  Advantages / Disadvantages is a tough question, as both programs solve approximately the same problem.  tmux is BSD licensed while screen is GNU GPL.  This matters to some people.
screen is more represented (on Linux) at the moment, that is, you are more likely to find it on a given linux box than tmux.  tmux is however more represented on OpenBSD as it is included as part of the base install.
Both programs allow you to do about the same thing, though the state of things is a bit more complex than that.  Switching between the two is not overly complicated, as much of screens functionality has also found its way into tmux, though if you are a power user of either one, you will likely find some frustrations when switching to the other.
As with any program, it really depends on your needs, and which you are more comfortable with.  Give them both a try and see which you play nicely with.
For more info on tmux see https://tmux.github.io/
Answer: I thought I would just mention about the byobu wrapper that is available for screen that makes it so much better right out of the box. I don't know if something like this is available for tmux, but byobu made my .screenrc only a handful of lines. Check out this quick article about byobu and screenshots. The project page for byobu describes the name originating from a Japanese term for decorative, multi-panel screens that serve as folding room dividers. Also, just running it doesn't harm your screen settings, so you can safely try it. Once you start the session with byobu you can freely reconnect to it using screen and still not loose any customizations done by byobu (so use it only for the initial invocation). The two main advantages of it are:

Starts screen with a couple of status bars with useful information
Provides many keybindings to access screen's functionality easier

I am not using the keybindings part, but definitely find the status bars useful.
Also you might find Screen Vs tmux link useful. I think most of it is already mentioned by existing answers.
Comment: byobu appears to actually support tmux as well, at least in more recent versions.
Comment: Your answer would be more useful if you summarized the features of `byobu`, like [this answers](http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/549/tmux-vs-gnu-screen/586#586) with its list of features.
Comment: OK, I added more information on `byobu`, but it is as simple as running the command and finding it for yourself (it is menu driven), since it doesn't messup your existing screen settings. And I made my answer a community wiki, so feel free to edit it.
Comment: "Screen Vs tmux link" is broken
Comment: Found the link in archive.org and updated it.
Answer: The biggest difference in my use has been that in Gnu Screen you can only split frames horizontally, whereas in Tmux you can split both horizontally and vertically.  This is kind of a moving target, though as I here tell that vertical split is making it's way into screen.
Other then that, things are about flat.
Comment: you can split vertically in screen as well. mmm... at lest it works in default Ubuntu 10.10 screen install.
Comment: @andre there's been a long standing patch for vertical split in screen... that was never incorporated into upstream... but I'm sure many distro's applied it.
Comment: you can now: C-a |
Answer: Drench raises an interesting point - the default behavior of connecting twice to the same session is different in tmux. However, if you want to attach twice and have an independent view of the windows in that session - start tmux with
tmux new-session -t <session name>

That will create a new session for you, and attach the windows from the already existing session. If you didn't name your first session, you can add one with 'rename-session'.
Answer: One big con for screen is that it is not actively developed. The bug pages have close to 200 unassigned items going back over 5 years.
tmux has some open issues as well, but far less, and is more actively supported.
Answer: I will take the liberty of adding one difference:
tmux is ncurses based while screen does not draw additional elements. If someone use terminal emulator that supports scrolling (s)he will get scrolling with screen but not with tmux (at least in default configuration). The same thing applies to searching and similar features.
Comment: I haven't had scrolling with screen like ... ever? :/
Comment: yeah my TE supports scrolling and screen breaks it... I have to scroll with screen. -1 does not appear to be accurate.
Comment: @xenoterracide: Hmm. You are partially right. Screen on some distros/systems (older Gentoo) does not break it while on some (new Ubuntu) it does. I have no idea why.
Comment: possibly a patch... ours are all 5.5 cent systems
Answer: tmux is newer and several more features.
I have found that good use depends on good setup.
I use vi(vim) for editing (ruby on rails) and there's a few setup things to make that work well.
Here's my ~/.tmux.conf file with lot of helpful setting:
bind r source-file ~/.tmux.conf \; display "Reloaded!"  # Reload with ctrl-r
set -g prefix C-a         # prefix from ctrl-b to ctrl-a
unbind C-b                # allow ctrl-b for other things
set -sg escape-time 1     # quicker responses
bind C-a send-prefix      # Pass on ctrl-a for other apps
set -g base-index 1        # Numbering of windows
setw -g pane-base-index 1  # Numbering of Panes
bind \ split-window -h    # Split panes horizontal
bind - split-window -v    # Split panes vertically
bind h select-pane -L     # Switch to Pane Left
bind j select-pane -D     # Switch to Pane Down
bind k select-pane -U     # Switch to Pane Up
bind l select-pane -R     # Switch to Pane Right
bind -r C-h select-window -t :-  # Quick Pane Selection
bind -r C-l select-window -t :+  # Quick Pane Selection
bind -r H resize-pane -L 5       # Switch to Pane Left
bind -r J resize-pane -D 5       # Switch to Pane Down
bind -r K resize-pane -U 5       # Switch to Pane Up
bind -r L resize-pane -R 5       # Switch to Pane Right
setw -g mode-mouse off           # Mouse Off
set -g mouse-select-pane off     # Mouse Off
set -g mouse-resize-pane off     # Mouse Off
set -g mouse-select-window off   # Mouse Off
setw -g monitor-activity on      # Activity Alerts
set -g visual-activity on
set -g status-fg white           # Status line Colors
set -g status-bg black
setw -g window-status-fg cyan    # Window list color
setw -g window-status-bg default
setw -g window-status-attr dim
setw -g window-status-current-fg white     # Active Window Color
setw -g window-status-current-bg red
setw -g window-status-current-attr bright
set -g pane-border-fg green      # Pane colors
set -g pane-border-bg black
set -g pane-active-border-fg white
set -g pane-active-border-bg yellow
set -g message-fg white          # Command/Message Line.
set -g message-bg black
set -g message-attr bright
set -g status-left-length 40     # Status Line, left side
set -g status-left "#[fg=white]Session: #S #[fg=yellow]#I #[fg=cyan]#P"
set -g status-utf8 on            # Status Line, right side
set -g status-right "-------"
set -g status-interval 60        # frequency of status line updates
set -g status-justify centre     # center window list
setw -g mode-keys vi             # vi keys to move
unbind v                         # Open panes in same directory as tmux-panes script
unbind n
bind v send-keys " ~/tmux-panes -h" C-m
bind n send-keys " ~/tmux-panes -v" C-m
unbind Up                        # Maximizing and Minimizing...
bind Up new-window -d -n tmp \; swap-pane -s tmp.1 \; select-window -t tmp
unbind Down
bind Down last-window \; swap-pane -s tmp.1 \; kill-window -t tmp
bind P pipe-pane -o "cat >>~/#W.log" \; display "Toggled logging to ~/#W.log"

Comment: Tmux is newer, but 'several more features' implies it also has at least feature parity with screen which is not the case -- In addition to whats mentioned elsewhere, tmux's multi user support is severely lacking. No acls or status's, and just in general it shows the newness of tmux in that what you can do isnt very polished.
Comment: That's good to know.  I've now been using it for a year and didn't notice any need for polish although a little hungarian might help.  Notation that is. ok bad pun ;)  Hadn't used screen before it so not noticing the issues mentioned.  Would find it harder to switch to screen and lose the new features now.
Answer: I had troubles getting screen to support utf-8 and 256 colors but tmux worked out of the box.

tmux vs. GNU Screen


Do accented words affect page rank?

Question: I'm from Argentina and we use accents in words. Is this URL is worst for pagerank:
/técnico-en-computación/ VS /tecnico-en-computacion/
Answer: Yes and no. It will probably improve your Spanish language queries because Google will probably assume the page is intended primarily for Spanish speakers. It could negatively impact English language searches in some cases, depending on various factors such as your incoming links, page specific language data, etc.
I've noticed the language boost one two of my sites where the domain name and some page titles are in Italian or Spanish. Since the keyword terms were poorly served in those languages, I started getting significant traffic from language/region specific Google sites although the on-page language was primarily English.
Of course, if you're wanting to target primarily English language traffic then you need to use only English in your URL, your page metadata and for the majority of your content. Another thing to consider is that most English language keywords won't have keys for accented characters, thus making it difficult for users to directly type in your URL.
Answer: ye it might affect. page rank is based on the backlinks you got from other websites. probably most of the websites won't parse your link because of invalid characters so you won't get backlinks. in this way it might affect.
Comment: A page's rank is based on a lot of factors of which incoming links is one of them. But if Google can handle accented words then it can handle accented links. If it can't handle accented words then the links are irrelevant since the page won't be indexed anyway.
Answer: AFAIK, google bot is not NLP(natural language processing) equipped. IF It was then it could be possible for people to get low search result rank based on grammar errors and US/UK word choices. It is possible to weight them if the page is archived for long time.Google does have local presence in many countries and they do crawl local pages from certain countries. You may not able to rank in english territories in such cases with local accent words but you'll definitely compete within native search results. As google algorithm being guarded secret it's not easy to make conclusion on this. Anchor text with accent word choice based in geolocation may have impact depending on the highly searched keywords.But this doesn't apply to many top keywords and results still remain same.

Do accented words affect page rank?


How to best cook potatoes to be used in a curry?

Question: My favorite restaurants always manage to impart the flavors of the various spices used to the potatoes, rather than only having the potato's own flavor.  However, when cooking curries on my own, I find that my potatoes retain their natural taste, and the spices do not override the natural flavor. Are there methods that can be used to make sure that the flavor is imparted properly throughout the whole potato?
Also, I find it very hard to get a consistent, pleasant texture; some portions of the potato are too soft, and others too hard.  What is the best way to prepare the potatoes, so that they both have enough flavor, and also the right texture?
Comment: The title sounded like your question will have to be closed, because the answer would be "spice according to taste, period". It seems from the text that you indeed have a concrete problem of the type we can help you with, so I will edit it instead of closing. If I strayed too far away from your original intent, you can clarify it further.
Comment: Perfect, much appreciated for the clean cuts in the editing rumtscho. :)
Answer: You don't need to precook the potatoes just put them in and let them cook through (30-40 mins high heat). The real trick I've found is then letting the curry cool completely and leave in the fridge overnight. The next day the potatoes have a lovely soft texture and have absorbed lots of curry flavour.
Other tips are make sure you don't add acidic ingredients early on (lemon, lime, yogurt ect) as this prevents the potatoes softening. Also make sure the curry has plenty of spice and salt to work with bland potatoes.
Answer: Rather than boil, steam until almost done, then add to your curry and cook for around 5 minutes. Obviously smaller potatoes will suck up more of the spicy goodness.
Are we talking Bombay Aloo or Kari Ayam here? Treatment is somewhat different with a very wet curry like the Malaysian Kari Ayam ...
Comment: I am thinking along the lines of bombay aloo, jeera aloo, keema aloo. I'm not familiar with the "ayam" variations. One thing though that isn't exactly what I'm trying to achieve, is a very wet potato curry. Bombay aloo here is made using a highly reduced base sauce with a good quantity of oil tempered in spices (ground or whole)
Comment: I wasn't sure what you meant by "add cook", so I hope I made it more clear. If not, feel free to edit it further.
Comment: and thanks for your answer btw, but I would be looking for a more hands on advice. I know indian restaurants in UK don't steam potatoes. My failures have been trying to follow the restaurant's way.


Convert a quantum Phase Oracle into a Probability Oracle

Question: Suppose we have an oracle $O_f$ that given an initial state $|x\rangle$ maps it into the following state:
$$
O_f : |x\rangle \mapsto e^{if(x)} |x\rangle
$$
Now, assuming that $f(x) \in [0,1]$, is it possible to construct a quantum circuit $O_p$ such that:
$$
O_p : |x\rangle \otimes |0\rangle \mapsto |x\rangle \otimes (\sqrt{f(x)} |0\rangle + \sqrt{1-f(x)} |1\rangle)
$$
using $O_f$ ? If you can suggest some references, i would appreciate it. Thank you very much.
Comment: It should be possible see exercise 8.3.2 in Kaye, Mosca, and LaFlamme's "An introduction to quantum computing".
Answer: As a bare minimum, you would need access to a controlled version of your oracle. This cannot be created from the oracle itself (I'm sure there's already an SE question about this part, but cannot immediately lay my hands on it).
A typical construction would allow you to create (Hadamard - controlled oracle - Hadamard) would create an output
$$
\cos\frac{f(x)}{2}|0\rangle+i\sin\frac{f(x)}{2}|1\rangle,
$$
which is obviously not what you're asking for. There might be some simple modifications that let you approximate what you're after.
To get what you're actually asking for, I suspect you have to do some quite sophisticated stuff. Essentially, perform phase estimation to estimate the value of $f(x)$ onto a second register, and use that register as a control to produce the state you want, with an accuracy defined by the size of the register.
Comment: Is it clear that you cannot do it without a controlled version of the oracle?
Comment: @smapers The problem is that if it acts on $|x\rangle$, it's only ever a global phase, which cannot have any observable influence. You need to be able to access it in superposition, which means a controlled-oracle with the control in superposition (since the target has to be the state $|x\rangle$).
Comment: Thanks, makes sense!
Comment: @DaftWullie, first of all, thank you very much for your answer. The whole point of this question is because i want to avoid phase estimation, due to the extensive use of powers of the control unitaries C-U ,fourier transform and the probabilistic nature of the algorithm. I think that the controlled version of the oracle is not a problem, however producing $\sqrt{f(x)}$  is quite challenging, if possible at all.
Comment: Well, my intuition, at least, suggests that you can't. What you can reasonably get at is some linear function of $e^{if(x)}$. The amplitudes you're asking for require a high-order expansion to get any reasonable accuracy, so you'd need to extensively use high powers of c-U.
Answer: Given controlled access to the phase oracle, this is possible with surprisingly small overhead by avoiding phase estimation altogether. The technique you are after relies on applying "quantum singular value transformations" to objects that are known as "block encodings", and it was invented by Gilyén et al. in 2018. The idea was originally introduced in this paper, Appendix B, which builds on techniques from this paper. Alternatively, you can have a look at this master's thesis, Circuit 6.2.5.
It appears that there is a slight error in the statement of the latter reference, as the action of $Q_f$ in the box referred to should actually be:
$$Q_f : |x\rangle \otimes |0\rangle^{\otimes 3} \mapsto |x\rangle \otimes \left(\sqrt{\frac12 + \frac14f(x)}|0\rangle^{\otimes 3} + \sqrt{\frac12 - \frac14f(x)}|\psi(x)\rangle|1\rangle\right).$$
Similarly, the action of $Q_2$ further down in the box should be:
$$Q_2 : |0\rangle^{\otimes 3} \otimes |x\rangle \mapsto \left(\frac12\sqrt{\frac12 + \frac14f(x)}|0\rangle^{\otimes 3} + \sqrt{\frac78 - \frac{1}{16}f(x)}|1\rangle|\phi(x)\rangle\right)|x\rangle.$$
All the rest should be correct as stated.
Keep in mind that the operation you wish to implement, i.e., the probability oracle of $f$, makes little sense whenever $f$ takes negative values. Moreover, the square root that appears in the probability oracle behaves erratically close to $0$, so it makes sense to assume that the function values of $f$ are bounded away from $0$. Gilyén et al. overcome this by assuming that the values of $f$ are contained in $(\delta,1-\delta)$. The latter reference essentially does the same thing, but overcomes it by assuming that $|f| \leq 1/2$ and implementing the probability oracle of $\frac12 + \frac14f(x)$.
As a final remark, note that the conversion you are after up to norm error $\varepsilon$ takes $O(\log(1/\varepsilon)^2)$ queries to the phase oracle, which is surprisingly little compared to the number of queries $O(1/\varepsilon)$ you would need if you used phase estimation as an intermediate step. An explanation can be given along the following lines: phase estimation gives you a binary representation of the function value $f(x)$, which you subsequently postprocess to implement the probability oracle. This is a difficult task, as it requires learning the value of $f(x)$ in the process (as you could measure after phase estimation to get a binary value of $f(x)$). The new techniques circumvent writing down such a binary representation of $f(x)$. This is why I like to call the new technique an instance of analog computation, and I refer to subroutines that give you binary representations, like phase estimation, as instances of digital computation.


Small go board history

Question: Does anyone know origin of smaller go boards (9*9,13*13)? When (and where) was first introduced? I looked on Sensei library but didn't find anything about history of go boards.
Comment: I'm only aware of the (I think) old Tibetan variant with 17x17 boards. Maybe the 9x9 and 13x13 are even modern inventions?
Comment: Supposedly the board was originally 17x17, then went to 19x19. Smaller boards were invented 'on the side' for various purposes, but there's no source anywhere to verify this purpose or a time in history when they were introduced.
Comment: 9*9 would be 1/4 of a 17x17 board. I suspect 1/4 board would have be used to teach the game when that board size was popular.
Answer: A Japanese pro 9-dan, Tomoyasu MIMURA (born 1969) writes in his blog entry (3 Feb 2014), ''I had never seen, or heard of 9x9 board in my childhood'' and ''In 1987 started the TV show 'Mini-Go One Game Match (ミニ碁一番勝負)'.... Professionals had begun to pay attention to the unexpected depth of 9x9 board game some time before''.
Therefore, around 1985 would be a good guess.
Comment: It must be older, at least in Germany. I had my first games of Go on a 9x9 board before that date.
Comment: Asian kids directly learn on 19x19. I guess one reason is that learning joseki is part of their curriculum from the start.
Answer: The oldest reference I found of official 9x9 pro games were those played between Go Seigen and Miyamoto Naoki in 1968. The purpose was to decide the proper komi on 9x9.
As for unofficial 9x9, it's probably been around forever...
Answer: Here is a reference from 1978: In Winfried Dörholt, Das japanische Brettspiel Go, both games on 13x13 and 9x9 are presented in a very natural way to introduce the rules and to have beginners games (no claim that it is a brand new invention). Therefore, at least in Germany, the small boards were well-known in the 1970ies and probably much earlier.

Small go board history


What armor for my giant slug species to do battle at sea?

Question: Set in the medieval period around 1400AD, the atlantean set flipper on the land of the giant slug and destroyed many acres of crops, this provocative action angered the giant slugs. These giant slugs on average standing at over 90 cm tall weights half a kilo are hell bent on exacting their revenge had a fear of the sea, how can they protect themselves against saltwater without compromising their already slow speed? They can squirt boiling corrosive liquid at a good distance away about 2 meters, they moved at 2 cm every minute.
Comment: It would depend on the enemy. Depending on what the enemy is using as a weapon will change what armor the giant slugs use. If only to prevent  the problems of salt and slug skin then an oil / cream think of sun screen for salt water.
Comment: 2cm every minute, especially for 90cm tall creatures seems really slow
Comment: Are the Atlanteans living underwater?  "Flipper" suggests they are.
Comment: There are plants that move faster than 2 cm per minute.
Answer: It doesn't matter what they wear. They move too slowly to attack successfully and their spit would be completely ineffective underwater. Short of them building attack submarines, they can't win.
That said, a slug would cover itself in slime to protect itself from salt water. If you see salt dropped on a slug, it will generate slime to wash it off. You could have a special slime that is salt resistant.
If the slugs actually wanted to win, they have traps and ambush their enemies when they attacked.
Answer:
What armor for my giant slug species to do battle at sea?

Distance.

source
Your slugs are physically inferior to intelligent vertebrate species.  Their tech has had to compensate.  The slugs are not about to get into a boat on a sea of deadly salt and battle fast moving aquatic creatures that can easily poke holes in the boat or tip it over.  That would be suicide.
Your slugs are going to be protected from the salt, and from their enemies, by staying well above them.  Slug airships take a generation to build, but once built are good for many generations more, and they require little movement from the slugs to control.
Your slugs will park above the submerged lands of the Atlanteans.  Spraying caustic poison onto enemies makes a lot of sense to the slugs, in a way that "proportional response" does not.  Once in position in the sky they will release their toxins.  These are not just the biological slug toxins, although they usually add some of that for sentimental reasons.  Slug chemists have come a long way as regards poisons, and they have many types.  Atlanteans coming to the surface to do battle will wish they had not, long before they reach the surface.  Speedy retreat will save individuals, but not their homelands which will have been poisoned in a way difficult or impossible to remedy.


How do I, on Linux, generate a Ledger Monero wallet with the CLI and subsequently use it in the GUI?

Question: According to the release notes v0.12.2.0 includes Ledger support. How do I, on Linux, generate a Ledger Monero wallet with the CLI and subsequently use it in the GUI?
Answer: The GUI is now able to directly generate a Ledger Monero wallet. Thus, please see this Q&A:
How do I generate a Ledger Monero wallet with the GUI (monero-wallet-gui)?
We first have to ensure that we're sufficiently prepared. This entails the following:

This guide assumes you have already initialized your Ledger wallet and thus generated a 24 word mnemonic seed.
You need to run / use GUI v0.12.2.0, which can be found here. You can, if you're still running an older version, use the instructions in aforementioned Reddit post to upgrade.
You need to install the Ledger Monero app. Instructions can be found here.
All Monero related processes need to be closed.
Your Ledger needs to be plugged in and the Ledger Monero app should be running.

Now that we're sufficiently prepared, let's start!

Go to the directory / folder monero-wallet-gui (GUI v0.12.2.0) is located (note that monero-wallet-cli will be in the same directory / folder as monero-wallet-gui).
Open a new terminal
Now type:
./monero-wallet-cli --generate-from-device <new-wallet-name> --restore-height 1585000 --subaddress-lookahead 3:200

Note that  is simply a placeholder for the actual wallet name. If you, for instance, want to name your wallet MoneroWallet, the command would be as follows:
./monero-wallet-cli --generate-from-device MoneroWallet --restore-height 1585000 --subaddress-lookahead 3:200

The CLI will, after executing aforementioned command, prompt your for a password. Make sure to set a strong password and confirm it thereafter.
The Ledger will ask whether you want to export the private view key or not. First and foremost, your funds cannot be compromised with merely the private view key. Exporting the private view key enables the client (on the computer - Monero v0.12.2.0) to scan blocks looking for transactions that belong to your wallet / address. If this option is not utilized, the device (Ledger) will scan blocks, which will be significantly slower. There is, however, one cavaet. That is, if your system gets compromised, the adversary will potentially be able to compromise your private view key as well, which is detrimental to privacy. This is virtually impossible when the private view key is not exported.
You may have to hit confirm twice before it proceeds.
Your Ledger Monero wallet will now be generated. Note that this may take up to 5-10 minutes. Furthermore, there will be no immediate feedback in the CLI nor on the Ledger.
You may, after the CLI has generated your wallet, get an error about the wallet not being connected to the daemon. You can ignore that for now.
Type exit into monero-wallet-cli to close the CLI.
Note that your wallet files will be stored in the same directory / folder as monero-wallet-gui & monero-wallet-cli. This may be a bit inconvenient. Fortunately, however, you can simply copy the wallet files to a different preferred directory / folder.
Open GUI v0.12.2.0. If you have already created a wallet in the GUI, click Cancel when it prompts you for the password of your current wallet. This should bring you back to the wizard. If you haven't already created a wallet, you should automatically start in the wizard.
The first page of the wizard is language selection, which looks like this. Select your desired language to proceed.
On the second page of the wizard, which looks like this, select Open a wallet from file.
Select the wallet file (which, to reiterate, is stored in the same directory / folder as monero-wallet-gui) you just created with the CLI.
Congratulations, you can now use your Ledger Monero wallet with the GUI! If you need any general assistance with the GUI, please see this guide.

A few final notes:

I'd strongly advise to test the full process first. That is, send a small amount to the wallet and subsequently restore it (using aforementioned guide) to verify that you can recover the wallet.
If desired, you can manually tweak the --subaddress-lookahead value. The first value is the number of accounts and the second value is the number of subaddresses per account. Thus, if you, for instance, want to pregenerate 5 accounts with 100 subaddresses each, use --subaddress-lookahead 5:100. Bear in mind that, the more subaddresses you pregenerate, the longer it takes for the Ledger to create your wallet.
You only have to use the --generate-from-device flag once (i.e. upon wallet creation). Thereafter, you'd basically use it similar to how you normally use the GUI. That is:

[1] Make sure your Ledger is plugged in and the Monero app is running.
[2] Open monero-wallet-gui
[3] Enter the password to open the wallet.

If you have any further questions or need assistance, please leave a comment in this thread.
Answer: On Ubuntu make sure you have the following dependencies installed
apt-get install pcsc-tools libpcsclite1 pcscd
otherwise you get an error similar to this:
Error: failed to generate new wallet: Fail SCard API : (2148532253) Service not available. Device=0, hCard=0, hContext=0
Answer: On Fedora, to avoid errors like:

Fail SCard API : (2148532270) Service not available. Device=0,
  hCard=0, hContext=0

Fail SCard API : (2148532227) Invalid handle. Device=0, hCard=0,
  hContext=0

Fail SCard API : (2148532270) Cannot find a smart card reader.
  Device=0, hCard=0, hContext=1656470265

Install pcsc packages. I'm not sure which ones are really essential, I've installed all of them (dnf install *pcsc*). Then edit the /usr/lib64/pcsc/drivers/ifd-ccid.bundle/Contents/Info.plist, which is the equivalent of Ubuntu's /etc/libccid_Info.plist, as follows:

add <string>0x2C97</string> under <key>ifdVendorID</key>
add <string>0x0001</string> under <key>ifdProductID</key
add <string>Ledger Token</string> under <key>ifdFriendlyName</key>

If you're using Monero GUI, make sure you open the Monero App on Ledger before starting the Monero GUI.


Sexual attraction of the Turians and Krogan towards the Asari

Question: Why are the Turians and Krogans attracted towards the Asari sexually? Both Turians and Krogans are Bi-Gender species and have their own kind of females to get attracted to. The sexual attraction of humans towards the Asari seems valid beacuse Asari are almost similar to Human females but why do Krogans, Turians and other Bi-Gender species in Mass Effect get attracted to the Asari?
Comment: "Brain is the main sex organ"...
Comment: I think DVK might be trying to say that attraction is in the mind. We unconsciously scan other people for things we consider attractive. And every person has its own set of what exactly they consider attractive. It's possible we could find such things in a different species. Especially if it's a humanoid species.
Comment: Asari have boobs so I'm going to have to say that no matter who you are your what species you hail from, boobs is boobs.
Comment: @DVK Please explain?
Comment: @JMD I wouldn't say that when we consider the Turians and Krogans. Both of their female species do not have boobs and yet their population isn't less. Naturally, if you use logic and not your sex drive, attraction towards another species will always be a skeptical topic.
Answer: Simple answer: why not?
That aside, it is implied in Mass Effect 2 that Asari in some way affect other races, causing them to view Asari as being very attractive and similar looking to their own race.

At the Eternity bar, a conversation occurs between a human, a salarian, and a turian who are watching an asari dancer. The men debate whose species the asari most resembles. Upon each forwarding their own race, the human theorizes that the asari might be using mind control to appear attractive to other species. It is more likely that the three men were merely focusing on characteristics their species shares with the asari (e.g., body shape for humans, skin color for salarians, head fringe for turians). All three men compliment the asari's flexibility and grace. This conversation implies that asari are considered attractive to many species, which would prove useful considering their method of reproduction. Mordin Solus postulates that the asari's cross-species attraction may be neurochemical in nature. Asari:Biology

For some males, however, it may be that the Asari represent their only realistic opportunity for children. Granted, these children won't share any genetics with their father, but for some that won't matter. In Mass Effect 2 there is a Krogan attempting to woo an Asari on Illium, and Shepard suggests that he may be doing so because he can't have offspring of his own. Living with the genophage, it would be unlikely that an individual Krogan would ever get to produce Krogan offspring, and so they may turn towards Asari to fill that desire.
Here is the aforementioned conversation on Illium:

SALARIAN: I still don't see why we're here. Salarians do not "get married." My family simply negotiated a reproduction contract--
  HUMAN: Whatever. It's the closest you guys get to a wedding. And that means you get a bachelor party. End of story.
  SALARIAN: I don't understand. Humans celebrate wedding contracts by tempting infidelity? That makes no sense!
  HUMAN: Calm down, man! Don't embarrass me in front of the stripper.
  SALARAIN: What do turians do? Do turians do this, too?
  TURIAN: I'm just here for the drinks.
SALARIAN: You said that bachelor parties are for very close friends. We're just co-workers.
  HUMAN: We've been co-workers for five years, though. Aren't salarian years like dog years?
  SALARIAN: Okay, now -- that's offensive.
SALARIAN: I appreciate the gesture, but my people don't even have sex drives the way humans do.
  HUMAN Uh-huh. Take a look at that, man. Everybody likes the asari. Everybody.
  SALARIAN: But we actually reproduce by... my word, she is very... limber.
   I can appreciate her dancing in an aesthetic manner, but... I don't have... feelings of... hmm... she is a lovely shade of blue.
  TURIAN: Okay, that makes my legs hurt just watching it, and my knees are meant to bend that way.
SALARIAN: This isn't as bad as I had feared. It's actually... i-is it warm in here?
  HUMAN: The little divot in her abdomen? It's called a belly button. Humans and asari have them, and you're going to be doing shots out of it later tonight.
  TURIAN: That can't be sanitary.
  HUMAN: Not the point, man!
SALARIAN: I can understand why I might find asari attractive. But how can they be attractive to humans, too? They look just like salarians!
  HUMAN: What? They look exactly like us! I'm... I'm not seeing the salarian thing at all. At all.
  TURIAN: You're both wrong. Asari look just like blue turians. Look at the head-fringe!
  HUMAN: Wait. You don't think they're, like, mind-controlling us to see them as attractive, do you?
  TURIAN: Please be quiet. You're going to ruin asari for me. And there aren't many turian women on Illium.
SALARIAN: Well, I suppose watching just one more dance wouldn't hurt.
  HUMAN: Ha-ha-ha! That's the spirit!
  TURIAN: As long as I'm not paying for the drinks.
Comment: "it is implied in Mass Effect 2 that Asari in some way affect other races, causing them to view Asari as being very attractive" - Never heard about that
"skin color for salarians" - Asari are usually blue colored and Salarians are brown. They aren't same!
Comment: I would think the Salarians would be attracted to the Asari's high intelect more so than skin color.
Comment: @ChosenTorture Yea, the Wikia article is a little vague on that bit, and I don't remember the exact wording in the conversation it references; although I do know the one it is referring to.
Comment: I always found it interesting that Bioware put the idea into the game that the asari might actually look different from the way they are perceived throughout the game. That the asari might be able to alter the way other races perceive them in such a way that they appear attractive to them. But this would have to be some pretty heavy mind altering to include their image on paintings, screens and statues. It's more likely they really look like they are depicted and just have very strong, universally working pheromones or something.
Answer: Asari can get children with every one, according to one Turian there aren't many female Turians on Illium, there aren't many female Krogans anywhere off of Tuchanka. Asari have attractive features from various species: Human-like body, Salarians like the "lovely shade of blue", Turian fringes, scales, etc. I don't see anything for Krogans though, maybe lifespan, availability and ability to have children. Or the Human in the bar could be right about the mind tricks.
Not all features of an Asari are attractive to other races, some might even be put off by some of the Asari's physical features.
"Asari have those funny bumps that get in the way."-deleted line from the citadel groundskeeper

"Asari are so squishy, where are you supposed to get a descent grip?"-Friend of presidium fish krogan
Answer: It may just be evolution/genetic mutation that gave them these traits:
Asari can mate with any species, even there own (though these pure asari are considered of lower worth - afaik, Liara T'Soni is one of those). They look for strong potential mates who possess certain qualities (intelligence, strength, etc...) to pass them on to their offspring.
Over the years (read: millenia), certain typical traits from the other races probably came to be a part of the asari physique (intelligence, blue color, belly button as 1loudninja pointed out).
Since humans relatively new to space exploration (other races have been doing it for thousands of years), the transformations humans passed on would be relatively minor for now (yet they are the most human-like aliens in the ME effect afaik).
Because of the, I suspect that they probably started of as mostly humanoid looking aliens.
Answer: This is a very late response, but here is my idea: Asari seem to be physically attractive to some of the species in the game - Turians and humans, mostly, it seems. Salarians usually stride for their own race, same with Krogan and any other race in general. Anyway, Asari have head fringe which resembles that of a male Turians, they also have blue skin - which from what a Salarian on Illium mentioned resembles Salarians (IDK) and then you have their body shape (faces included) which resembles humans.
I don't think they alter their appearance any to appeal to other races. They just have certain parts of their body that appeal to one more than they may to another (if that makes any sense). I'll also point out that in the Mass Effect games Asari are held as sort of a sex symbol from their dancing to their, uh, 'helping with personal problems'. Asari do live longer than most species (besides the Krogan), so their physical appeal to many other species benefits their offspring, has to do with passing on good and beneficial traits that they can't receive from two Asari parents (supposedly), it's to make sure their race continues to excel.
But then again, they might just have the ultimate mind control powers.
Comment: Do you have any source for this ?
Answer: The comment with the most votes is wrong.
I'm playing the game right now and I just came across the scene where the turian human and salarian are having a bachelor party. Halfway through the repeated dialogue options the human says,"look at that right there."
Salarian replies,"the little divot in her abdomen."
The Human says,"Yes, that's a belly button, it's unique to asari and humans,and we'll be taking shots out of it later tonight!"
The turian then says,"that can't be sanitary."
Later they state that they see the asari differently the human stating it looks human the turian stating it looks like a turian etc.
Yet, the first dialogue makes the second one completely illogical since they can all see the "belly button" state by the human (a characteristic that is stated as being completely unique to both the asari and human species).
So, maybe I'm wrong and mass effect intends to have the asari control their images, but I just don't believe that's true.
Comment: This doesn't answer the question asked.


How can I quickly re-save all the nodes on my site (to trigger a rule that activates on content update)?

Question: I made some mistakes configuring a certain content type on my site.  To fix these mistakes, I made a rule that performs some actions "when existing content is updated."  However, I don't want to go through my site and manually save all the nodes again one by one.  Is there a way to use Rules or Views Bulk Operations to quickly re-save all the nodes?
Answer: VBO has an "Execute PHP code" action.
Run it, and input "node_save($entity);" (without the quotes) in the textbox.
That will do the trick, while handling the timeouts for you.
Comment: There is an option in VBO to "Save content", which will do the same without having to write your own PHP.
Comment: Ahh, much quicker :)
Comment: I couldn't find the "Save Content" option, but the php method you mentioned worked great! Thanks!
Comment: Tried both php and vbo methods without success. In my usecase, only a manual Save properly updates the labels for a tablefield. Strange...
Answer: I don't know about rules or VBO but you could use a short code snippet to get the same result:
$nids = db_query('SELECT nid FROM {node}')->fetchCol();
foreach (node_load_multiple($nids) as $node) {
  node_save($node);
}

If you've got a lot of nodes that might take a bit of time so if your server allows it it'd be a good idea to extend the time limit at the start of that code, perhaps to unlimited if this is a one off:
set_time_limit(0);

Answer: You can use the node_mass_update() function:
module_load_include('inc', 'node', 'node.admin');
$nids = db_query('SELECT nid FROM {node}')->fetchCol();
node_mass_update($nids, array());

It's very good as you don't need to care about the time limit. Batch process for nodes update will start automatically if there are more than 10 nodes.
Comment: Worked perfectly on over 200,000 nodes. Handles the batch for you. If you have the devel module enabled you can simply paste the above code at the page '/devel/php'
Comment: Brilliant solution, runs in the background so no chance of a timeout or killing a sites performance
Answer: Update: I just created Resave All Nodes. For now it only contains a form to trigger a batch process to resave all nodes of selected node types. Currently in alpha. I plan to add a Drush command (beta) and some tests (stable) as well.

There's Resave Nodes. It's intended to used on cron runs. But you can also trigger it manually. Simply choose which content type's nodes should be resaved.
Before you can run the manual resave by hitting "Resave Nodes Now" you once have to "Save Configuration" (chose a cron type and content type).
Answer: Go to admin/content and filter by your content type - published only.
Select all and then select "change value" from the operations drop down.
Click 'execute'.
On the next page, select 'status' from the properties and leave published.
Click 'next'
All the published nodes will resave with no changes.
Repeat for unpublished nodes (but select unpublished as the property).


How do I eradicate morning glory?

Question: I recently bought a house in a rainforest and the garden is almost completely covered in morning glory. It pulls off relatively easily but I'm conscious that I'm not getting the roots and it will only grow back. Is there any way I can get rid of it without fire bombing the whole area?
Answer: If you mean the wild type of morning glory (aka, bindweed) you are definitely in for a battle.  However, I have had success in the past by removing as many of the plants and their roots as I could, then covering the ground with a dark mulch (many layers of newspaper, cardboard, or a good thick layer or two of heavy landscaping fabric) and after that, piling several inches of mulch on top.  You can dig holes and plant a garden into this, but be aware that every place you punch a hole to plant, the bindweed will come up, climb your plants, and attempt to blanket the area once again.
It can take years to knock bindweed back this way.  There may be chemical controls that will knock it back (the roots go very deep, so even chemicals may not get it all) but I haven't used those because most of my experience has been with it in the vegetable garden.
Answer: I've used Grazon (trichlopyr but DON'T use Tordon as it will kill the other plants too) -  in the past to kill roots by putting the mix in a container, cutting off the plant about a foot above the ground and feeding the cut end into the container - let it have a good drink, do probably twice for each square metre.
If you spray it I wouldn't advise Roundup as it messes with soil, especially phosphate chemistry and can make growing other things difficult. Instead use Grazon and some detergent to break down the leaf waxes to help herbicide uptake.
If you have time, wait and see if the bindweed dies back a bit at the end of the season (assuming it's not evergreen where you are) - some herbicides can be carried back into the roots as a plant dies back for the season.

How do I eradicate morning glory?


Egress filtering against IP spoofing

Question: How widely applied is anti-IP-spoofing egress filtering?
Answer: I would say almost every major ISP either uses explicit anti-spoofing ingress filters or unicast reverse path forwarding (uRPF) checks.
uRPF is a router feature that looks up the source-address of each received packet in the routing table. If there isn't a valid route to the source via the same interface that the packet arrived on, the packet is dropped.
On the customer networks, it's hit-or-miss on whether the customer does egress filtering towards the ISP. It's considered a best practice, but ISPs generally don't trust customers to do the right thing. That's why the ISPs almost always do ingress filtering (or uRPF).

Egress filtering against IP spoofing


What are the "blind and the lame" that David wanted to be rid of when he entered Jerusalem, and what does that mean?

Question: David takes over Jerusalem (finally) in Shmuel II, Perek 5.  It says that David wants to be rid of the סירך ועורים.  This is commonly translated as the blind and the lame.  Metzudat David understands this to actually mean that David needed/wanted to get rid of the handicapped people in Jerusalem in order to take it over.  Ralbag understands this to mean that they are two statues at the front of the city that make it hard to get in as they each lift and drop their sticks (powered by the aqueduct) (much like mini-golf of today).  What does David really mean when he wants to destroy them?  He even offers an award to the one who does it.  Is it possible he really does want to destroy the handicapped, and if so how to we assimilate that idea with our idea of David?
Answer: As you said, Ralbag (and most of the commentaries) understand this to be talking about statues of some kind. (Metzudas David to 5:8 also cites this as a second explanation.) So according to that view of things, David had nothing against the blind and lame people any more than against any of the other Jebusites.
Metzudas David's first explanation (to 5:6), though, is indeed that it means people suffering from these handicaps. However, he explains the mention of them as part of the Jebusites' boast: "Our tower [this is his explanation of צנור in that verse] is so strongly fortified that even if its only remaining defenders were the blind and the lame, you would still be unable to conquer it!" So David's challenge to his men (v. 8) is: "Disprove their claim! First topple the tower while it is still defended by all of the Jebusite army, and only then deal with these insolent Jebusites - including the blind and lame people, all of whom had joined in jeering us."
Answer: Remind me, isn't there an interpretation that these were statues of forefathers who had made some sort of peace treaty with them? Or something to that effect.
Comment: Yes, that's in Yalkut Shimoni (Yehoshua 28), and is cited by most of the commentaries here.
Comment: The blind is Isaac that is so blind that he cannot differentiate esau and jacob. The lame probably refers to jacob because he wrestle with God. Is that what you're referring?


Paillier VS RSA

Question: I was wondering if there are major pros or cons of choosing the Paillier algorithm  over RSA except for Pailliers being additively homomorphic and RSA multiplicative?
Comment: Do you need the homomorphic property of these? RSA is much more broadly available, so unless there is a good reason, I'd stick with it.
Comment: For my university project i was told to design some system implementing Pailliers algorithm, was just curious if there were any major differences other than stated above
Answer: The Paillier cryptosystem has the built in property that a particular cleartext may have many different ciphertexts making it much more resillient "out-of-the-box" to a wide array of various cryptographic attacks. This is due to the injection of additional randomness into the encryption which is removable with the key due to the quadratic residuosity property. In implementation a similar effect may be achieved in RSA via padding or other schemes, but in Pallier, it exists in the foundation of the algorithm, the so-called "textbook" version, which is not the case for the RSA "textbook" version. Recall that the pailler encryption function is as follows for a message $m$, $r\in_R\mathbb{Z}_n$ and standard values
$$Enc(m)=g^mr^n\mod n^2$$
Thus every message $m$ may have many equally valid ciphertexts depending on the magnitude of $n$ and the divisibility relationships between some of these values. Additionally, as mentioned for security, adding padding to the RSA algorithm to increase the security also destroys the multiplicative homomorphism. Here is a paper which addresses some of these details in greater depth.
Answer: When one needs homomorphic encryption, one shall not use RSA. There is no reason to use Paillier unless we need homomorphic encryption.
RSA can be semantically secure or homomorphic, not both. Textbook RSA (where the ciphertext is simply $c=m^e\bmod N$) is multiplicatively homomorphic, but suffers from a major flaw: a guess of plaintext $m$ can be trivialy checked, which is often a disaster (think of a name on the class roll, or the price of an item). In practice, it is used RSA where $m$ is transformed before encryption with addition of randomness (e.g. RSAES-OAEP), which is secure, but looses the homomorphic property entirely.
By contrast, Paillier encryption is semantically secure and additively homomorphic.  The price to pay is a larger cryptogram (twice the size of RSA at equivalent security), much more costly encryption than RSA, sizably more costly decryption.

Paillier VS RSA


What does this rhythm notation after the tempo mean?

Question: After the tempo there are eighth notes that are equal to a quarter note and an eighth note with a '3' on top. What does that mean?
Answer: The 3 on top of a set of notes indicates a triplet. Triplet eighth notes would play three eighth notes in the time that you would normally have two.  You may also see other divisions such as 5 and 7. Often the triplet number will have a bracket, but in some transcriptions there is just the number.
In some styles of music the eighth notes are not played with an even rhythm, such as "swing" and Hornpipes. The first eighth note will be held longer than the second.  In some transcriptions an attempt is made to indicate the swung feel by using dotted rhythms, but the dotted rhythm isn't exactly what the feel is, and continuous use of dotted rhythm or triplets can make the music hard to read.
There is a common practice to transcribe the eighth notes in straight, even rhythm and make note that they should be played swung.
The notation in the example is showing that the first eighth note should be longer than the second, indicating a swing feel.
Using the triplet notation to indicate a piece should be swung is fairly common. In some cases the piece will just say "Swing" and expect the musician knows what that means. Occasionally you have to know the style of the piece to know that it is swung, as no indication is given.
Hornpipes are similar, that they are usually written in straight eighths, and it is expected that the musician will add the hornpipe rhythm.
Comment: This is almost certainly swing, especially with the playfully note.
Answer: It seems to be pretty literal. For the duration of the instructions, a notated pair of eights are to be played with the first note as 2/3 of a quarter note and the second as 1/3. (Normally an eighth is 1/2 a quarter note.) Personally, I'd have written out the triplet,  mostly to avoid such questions.
Comment: It is a triplet isn't it?
Comment: The original post indicated an actual triplet feel written into the music. For swing, I'd just write two eighth notes and indicated "swing" in the performance instructions. Swing feel is a bit different from  triplet feel (at least it seems to me when I hear each one).  Swing is a bit more flexible and some interpretation is left to the performer. Triplets (ought to) really mean thirds.
Comment: @theonlygusti No, it isn't a triplet, it's swing. Have a listen to some slow Basie if you think that swing = triplet. It isn't.
Comment: @EJP  but ttw says that he'd have "written out the triplet" - this confused me because I thought that what can be seen on the score is already triplet notation
Comment: @ttw It's more complicated than this. Even in swing, you have different "swingness". When the duration of the eights is approximately 2:1, it's usually denoted using the triplet notation in the tempo marking, or by writing "Medium Swing".
Answer: I would need more context regarding the specific example, but in many pop arrangements, this would indicate that the eight notes are to be "swung" not played "straight". I was just playing an arrangement last week which employed both "straight" and "swung" eighth notes. I also think there is a slight difference between eighth notes that are swung and the triplet rhythmic pattern employing a quarter note and an eighth note in one beat: in traditional music notation (e.g., in "classical" compositions)a meter such as 3/8, 6/8, 9/8 or 12/8 would be used if the composer wanted that ratio.
Answer: Literally it is an instruction to play pairs of 8th notes as triplets. In practice it is often used to mean 'Swing'.  Don't. Swing isn't triplets. If you want triplets write triplets, or use 12/8 time.  If you want swing write straight 8s and 'Swing'.  Both live musicians and Finale/Sibelius know what to do.
Comment: And I can also confidently state that in @Tim's swing band, he isn't laying down strict triplets.  At least, he shouldn't be.  That wouldn't swing.
Comment: As a drummer, I find this useful for figuring out the amount of swing - this is more of a light swing rather than a dot plus 16th. The same could be accomplished with text but in most intermediate music this seems to be the convention.
Comment: I've thought about this long, and hard. To me - and I play in swing bands - the beat is split into counts of 3, with the first part being twice as long as the third. That has to be equivalent to a triplet feel, and often at the top of a piece, that's exactly what's written. I call it the 'Humpty Dumpty' rhythm, for obvious reasons. So, where have I been going wrong for decades? Swing is 4/4 translated into 12/8, with any approriate tempo change. Right or wrong? It's certainly not dotted quaver/semi.
Comment: Swing is not mathematically fixed. At slower tempos it can be  closer to a dotted rhythm.  At faster ones it gets closer to triplets. It's different to a triplet shuffle. 'If I have to explain it, you don't get it'. There's some truth in that cliché :-)   I think I can confidently state that the person who wrote that 'metric modulation' notation wasn't trying to be precise about the degree of swing required.


Can the warranty on a laptop be transferred to a new owner?

Question: I'm currently interested in selling my laptop so that I can use the money to help purchase one that better satisfies my needs. It's still in very good condition (no mark or dents) and has only been used for a year. I have bought a 3-year warranty on it which I had purchased with the device from the local supply retail chain and I still possess the receipt for it, so I'm hoping I can recoup some of the cost back by offering both the product and the warranty. Would the new owner of the device be able to utilize the warranty if I give him the receipt? Could there be a security issue if my receipt no longer falls under my possession (I had paid for it with credit card and the receipt mentions the authorization number, which card I had used, and the last 4 digits of the card)?
Comment: Not an answer, but another option would be to cancel the warranty and ask for a (partial) refund. Some warranties allow that - for example, AppleCare+ for Macintosh Computers will give you pro-rata refund, minus a cancellation fee.
Answer: Many warranties include explicit provisions indicating whether they protect later owners, or run only to the original purchaser. Some go one way, some the other. The explicit warranty provisions should be consulted.
Answer: Warranties transfer to a new owner automatically - they are part of the goods or service.
Comment: Surely that depends on whether they are a statutory warranty under consumer law, or an extended warranty which is a voluntary sale?  The OP says the warranty they are talking about is an extended warranty, so it's likely that the answer to its transferability is detailed in that warranties conditions.


how to add a Pledge to contact

Question: Hi,
 How do I  add a Pledge to contact so that he may view & pay pledges thru the  self-service payments page?
Answer: Did you read the manual before asking this question?
As per my reply here
CiviPledges can be set up so that

a logged in contact can see their upcoming Pledges on their dashboard
a contribution page can be set up as a self-service payments page

Setting up a pledge is here
The contacts Dashboard is here
The self-service payment is here but will only show if 'demo' contact has a pledge set up
If you need to add a Pledge to contact called 'demo' you can do so here
Hope that helps you.
Comment: Great. Please help the system work well. Accept the answer. And help me ;-) by giving it a +1

how to add a Pledge to contact


Is なんだから is related to のだ?

Question: I made sure to check if this had already been answered but I could not find one.
So my question is: is なんだから related to のだ?
Looking at some example sentences it seems to imply something like that but I'm not sure. I can't see to find a definitive answer.
Comment: Can you give the complete sentence?
Answer: ...なんだから is related to のだ through various processes at work here. There is a simple contraction here, i.e. なんだから -> なのだから.
Let's split this phrase up into the individual bits: な+のだ+から.
The な is required before using のだ when the preceeding work is a noun or na-adjective; in other words, in sentences that would end in です (だ). This is similar to how sentences that end with ~と思う require the subphrase to be marked with the copula (i.e. ~だと思います).
Hopefully this will help clear up some ambiguity.
Comment: Just a note, however. I wrote this assuming you already have a basic understanding of のです (のだ) so please let me know if I should elaborate.
Answer: なんだから is an abbreviated form of なのだから, which contains 「のだ」, so in that sense they are the same. But depending on where you see the のだ, the meaning may be different. For example these two sentences have a different usage of のだ:  食べるのだ and 僕のだ

Is なんだから is related to のだ?


Where am I able to do my laundry in the Peak District?

Question: Where am I able to do my laundry in the Peak District, if my accommodation doesn't provide laundry services?
Answer: There appears to be no self-service laundromats or laundrettes in the Peak District proper any more.  Instead there are only laundry services in Bakewell (GBP 9 per load) or Tideswell (GBP 4 per kilogram), both of which are decidedly more expensive than doing laundry yourself but correspondingly more convenient.
However there are a couple of options just outside the Peak District itself.  There is a laundrette in Buxton if you are in the northern half and one in Matlock if you're staying further south.  These are both easily accessible by public transport from various parts in the Peak District depending upon your location.
Answer: I have traveled to the UK before and found coin operate launderettes as well as service laundries thin on the ground. Many local people use them for large items like blankets of bed quilts that won't fit into their washing machine. At a B&B in Aviemore I used their laundry but was asked not to use the tumble dryer as it cost them money to use. The laundry area was humid and damp with clothes hung everywhere but nothing drying. So I used the tumble dryer. I gave them 20 pounds and they still whinged and moaned that I'd used the tumble dryer. I refuse to wear damp cloths just to save a tight B&B owner a few quid.


Moshiach and the Talmud sealing

Question: So I've heard many times that the Talmud is sealed and there's no arguing with it or repealing rabbinical decrees. But I've also heard that when Moshiach comes his court will repeal many decrees. But how does he do this if it's sealed? Even if you say when the rule was made it was intended that Moshiach be an exception to the rule, but I believe I've heard in the beginning we won't know he's Moshiach. Does that mean he only begins repealing decrees after absolutely proving he's Moshiach?
Comment: http://www.jewishanswers.org/ask-the-rabbi-939/open-and-sealed-torah-texts/ and related https://judaism.stackexchange.com/questions/93090/when-why-and-how-was-the-talmud-sealed
Comment: @Rosends That first link is also merely related. It doesn't answer the question. Also it's strange because it appears to be wrong on two points. The first is not neccesarily true, that the Torah is neccesarily sealed, as some argue that if Hashem decided to do another har Sinai level event and add or subtract HE could. So it is sealed for us I suppose. The second is that the Talmud is the Oral Torah and therefore sealed as clearly many parts of the Talmud are not Oral torah but based on logic or are about rabbinical decrees. Yet these parts are also sealed.
Answer: A future court may overturn a ruling of a previous Sanhedrin, if it is greater in wisdom and number than the previous court. (Talmud Tractate Ediyus 1:5)
Moshiach will eventually reach that qualification.
Since we do not consider ourselves greater in wisdom and number compared to the Sages of the Talmud, we view it as "sealed" for all intents and purposes.
Comment: @Orion If he isn't that wise... you got the wrong Moshiach buddy. :) Your further question is valid, but its not part of your initial question and my answer was for your question only. But to add for the sake of your comment's q: Moshiach will be the ultimate Jewish personage. He will be granted extreme wisdom that will qualify him to accomplish such things as decide law and overturn something if needed. Regular people don't receive that.
Comment: But how do we know he's greater in wisdom? Generally when anyone has a problem with something earlier Rabbunun said peoples reaction is "what you think your smarter than blank??". So how do we know to listen to him? And how does he know that he's wiser?
Comment: @SAH the guy who wouldn't marry Rus agrees with the Mishnah in the answer above. He lived way before the Talmud was sealed and worried that a future court may overturn the heter given to Rus. As far as giyur issues, I do not think the chumrahs being advised are for issues that have been certainly sealed/resolved by the Talmud. If you have a specific issue in mind, please ask about it. :)
Comment: @Orion See this related question: https://judaism.stackexchange.com/questions/59523/how-will-we-know-the-moshiach-when-he-arrives?rq=1
Comment: It's worth mentioning that the Messianic era will include (according to most accounts, though the Rambam appears to disagree) a whole plethora of exceptional events in Jewish history including the abolishing of all holidays except Purim...on some level you could look at quite a lot of Judaisim as being temporarily sealed until his arrival.
Comment: @Orion It isn't that Moshiach is wiser. During the days of Moshiach there will be resurrection of the 'Yechidei Segulah'. This is pointed out in Yoma 5a and Sukkah 52b for example. The Sanhedrin of Moshiach will actually be comprised of the greatest Jewish sages of all the generations, including even Moshe Rabbeinu.
Comment: @Orion everything here is guessing, some better than others. The only for sure answer is we'll wait and see. You can seek more details about the guesses but the reliability of the guesses only gets fuzzier the deeper you go. It's fine to speculate if that's what you want, just realize that's why there's so much contradiction and unclarity, like you're seeing in this thread.
Comment: @DavidKenner But there seem to be people who don't subscribe to this conclusion, such as the guy who wouldn't marry Rus (forgive me if that is anachronistic), and the communities who require a giyur for people who don't need one out of fear that future batei din may be more machmir (on issues clearly resolved in the Talmud).... No?
Comment: @SAH as far as I can tell, that discussion is focusing about a theory argument within Tosfos which attempts to say a maybe about Rashi's opinion. That opinion being : "What or why does the Gemara say something." However, no one is arguing with the Gemara there.
Answer: When I started my Talmud study I also thought so, but the Talmud is not what you think. Talmud is sealed the same way any other book, like [להבדיל] "The Old Man and the Sea" is sealed. The text is fixed.
But what you do with the text and what Halachot you derive from it is open for everyone. This is the reason the Rishonim (Ri"F, Ro"sh, Rambam, Rahi etc) learned Halachot differently from one another on the basis of the same Talmud.
When Moshiach comes he can offer his understanding of the Talmud that will form new Halachot without altering the text of the Talmud.

To your premises:

"there's no arguing" - there's no need arguing, the Talmud is extremely vague - everyone can understand the same statements differently and arrive to contradicting Halachot.
"repealing rabbinical decrees" - no need to repeal. You can always say [the same way Rabbis treat the Mishnah] that a decree only refers to a private case, and rule the Halachah otherwise. BTW the number of clear and final rulings in the Talmud is very very small. We don't rely nowadays on the Talmud alone but only on the Rishonim and the Achronim.
Comment: *arguing with it or repealing rabbinical decrees* doesn't sound like offering a different understanding of it.
Comment: @Alex I don't understand what you're saying
Comment: The question here was that he heard that one can't argue with the Talmud or repeal rabbinical decrees so how can Moshiach repeal decrees? You answered that Moshiach can offer his understanding of the Talmud, but the question seems to be asking about actual disagreeing.
Comment: @Alex I added the "premises" part - did you read it? Talmud is not a compendium of Halachot as the OP suggests, it is a compendium of riddles everyone solves differently. So in some way the existing Poskim already repeal the Talmudic decrees and it's OK with everyone.
Comment: I see your edit now. When an answer consists of rejecting premises of the question, make sure you explicitly state that you are refuting specific premises. In this case your answer still assumes that the premise of *But I've also heard that when Moshiach comes his court will repeal many decrees.* is incorrect, so you might want to state that explicitly in your answer.

Moshiach and the Talmud sealing


How can I cut out background noise from my footage?

Question: I recently shot some video footage and I used the camera's mic (I know it was a bad idea, but...). Unfortunately, there was some on-going background noise (I think it was a fan). How can I get rid of the noise?
Answer: In your audio editor, switch to spectrum view and try to identify the frequency band of the fan noise. Next you can either use a parametric EQ or a filter.
If you have a parametric EQ, you can easily roll off the top or bottom frequencies, or cut the frequency band that the fan occupies.
If you are using a filter, then use a low pass filter with a high frequency setting to cut out high frequency fan sounds. Use a high pass filter with a low frequency setting to cut out low frequency fan sounds. Use a band reject filter to remove a specific frequency range in the middle.
If you don't already have an audio editor, get Audacity. Be sure to get the audio plugin packs as well.
Details:

You can get the spectrum view by clicking the disclosure triangle on the left of the track by the label "Audio Track." Select Spectrum or Spectrum log(f). Now you should see a view of your sound with time along the Y axis and the intensity at a given frequency along the X axis. If your noise is limited to a bad, it should be obvious now, and you should be able to read off the frequencies

I'm having some trouble with my copy of Audacity, I'll update this when I've reinstalled it with the latest plugins.
Comment: I've used Audacity for some stuff, but I really have no idea to do what you're talking about. Could you add some more detail please? How do I use the spectrum view? How do I know what frequency is the fan? Then, once I've found it, how do I cut it out? Thanks so much!
Comment: iZotope makes a product called [RX](http://www.izotope.com/products/audio/rx/) which I understand automates this process, although it's far from free. I'm sure there are others too.
Comment: There's even a noise removal tool in Audacity, though it isn't working for me right now.
Answer: I use the Audacity Noise Removal tool for this all the time. It's a little tricky to figure out, but it does a great job once you know how to use it.
It's a two step process - first select a section of the audio that has nothing but noise. Then in the Audacity Effect menu, select Noise Removal, then click Get Noise Profile.
At this point, nothing will have changed in your audio, you'll just have taught Audacity what's considered noise for the current track.
Next, select the entire track and select Effect / Repeat Noise Effect (on Windows, you can just press Control-R). This will apply your noise settings to the entire track. If you prefer to dial in the settings, you can instead select Effect / Noise Removal, tweak setting, and click OK, but I never bother with this.
There's a more detailed walkthrough on Noise Reduction in the Audacity documentation.


Will a car rust from one winter

Question: I want to buy a car two or three years old. If it has seen one winter will the car still rust throughout its lifetime? I was told it would
Comment: How can a car avoid 'seeing one winter'?
Comment: Welcome to Motor Vehicle Maintenance & Repair! Depends on a lot more factors than just seeing one winter. It all depends on how the car was taken care of during the winter (and after).
Comment: Yes, all metal rusts - nature wants the metal back to its "normal" state... may take longer in some locations compared to others but rusting metal is the nature of the beast. If you are looking for a car and concerned about rust - don't buy one from a coastal area...
Comment: @HandyHowie perhaps "used during a winter" may be the thrust of the question... not really clear though...
Comment: ...and it matters if used in winter in a location in which they use salt to keep roads clear.
Answer: Yes, any vehicle made of metal will develop rust during it lifetime if used outside.  This is not just restricted to vehicles used during the winter.  There are multiple reasons that rust will take a hold of a vehicle and these tend to correspond to different places where it will start.
Leaking rubber seals allowing water to enter the cabin or trunk area will cause damp to collect in the carpets and sound proofing which will pool in areas of the floor pan and spare wheel well.  This will gradually start the process of corrosion from inside to out.
Chips, scratches and scrapes in the paintwork damages the protective glossy top layers of the paint allowing moisture to get to the porous paint layers and metal below.  Even the most careful driving will lead to an amount of "gravel rash" along the leading edge of the bonnet and front panels of the vehicle.
Normal vehicle use generates any number of recurrent vibrations and shocks which are transmitted around the bodyshell of the vehicle.  This can lead to rust proofed seams to flex and begin to weaken the rust protection.  This eventually partially fails and water thrown up from the road during driving in the rain will get into these areas and begin to cause corrosion.
Blocked water drains can cause water to puddle within enclosed spaces in the vehicle and cause both corrosion and electrical problems.  Typical areas for this are blocked sunroof drains and blocked drains within the enclosed scuttle area of the car.  Typically dead leaves and other debris big enough to become trapped but not small enough to escape blocks rubber drain grommets intended to allow rainwater to run out of box-sections down to the road.  This can cause quite serious corrosion if it takes hold in an area such as the bulkhead.
So, what can we do to stop this?  Luckily there are several simple steps we can take to stem the inevitable corrosion.  Something as simple as regularly cleaning the body of a vehicle and applying a layer of polish/wax helps massively.  During the wash process, hose off or jet wash the areas under the vehicle to remove any dirt or mud that has accumulated there.
Find out where all of your vehicles rain holes are and make a point to check that they aren't blocked.  This can be as simple as vacuuming the scuttle panel and inserting something into the rubber drain bungs to ensure they aren't holding water.
Regularly removing the car mats and feeling the carpet to ensure it's dry will point to any leaking door seals.  Don't forget to check under the carpet in the trunk.  Also look for moisture on windows that have been opened when they are first closed as this may indicate a blocked drain or a failed weather strip.
Buying a colour matched "chip kit" and using this to fill in any chips which appear on the vehicle helps to maintain the integrity of the paintwork.  Pay particular attention of the leading edges of painted panels which are in the air stream when the vehicle is driven.
There are many waxy / protective products that can be professionally applied to the underside of a vehicle on a regular (every 2 years or so) which are designed to prevent under body corrosion.
Of course the best guarantee against corrosion is to keep the vehicle in a dry, warm and dehumidified environment.  This could be as simple as parking the vehicle in a garage.  There are extreme cases (such as the way my Mk1 Golf doesn't come out of the garage for around four months of the year) but for a car you actually intend to drive, this is probably impractical.
One thing you may want to consider with a new or nearly new vehicle is that modern cars typically come with a long (7 to 11 year) anti-corrosion warranty from the manufacturer.  Be sure to speak to the vendor about the detail of the terms of this as this is probably the best peace of mind with regards to corrosion on your prospective purchase.

Will a car rust from one winter


Nuance of the structure "Verb (stem of negative form) + ざるを得ない" compared to "Verb + しかない"

Question: I've browsed a bit throught the other posts and it seems like there is no clear explanation of the nuance of "V + ざるを得ない" compared to "V + しかない". Roughly speaking, they have the same meaning but is there any subtle nuance I don't get here or are they completely interchangeable?
Answer: (せ)ざるを得ない looks a little more literary, stiff and formal, although it can safely be used in informal but serious situations. It clearly expresses that the verb is an undesirable but unavoidable option. In other words, you do not want to do it but cannot help it. ざる is an archaic negation marker, and 得る has a potential meaning. ざるを得ない is one of the set phrases that use archaic forms.
On the other hand, (する)しかない is fairly neutral ("one can only ~"). It's usually interchangeable with ざるを得ない, but it does not necessarily imply the verb is an undesirable option. For example, you can safely use しかない when you noticed you had only one option but it was your initial plan, anyway.

戦わざるを得ない! (strongly implies you are reluctant but had no choice)
戦うしかない! (more proactive, "I must fight!")
Comment: FYI: grammar of ざるを得ない https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/56776/7810
Comment: Ah, that reminds me, this せ is an (older) pre-nai/negative-stem/未然 form of する, which is used  before ず/ざる/ぬ instead of し.
Comment: So there was indeed a small nuance. Thank you very much for all the informations provided.
Answer: According to the Dictionary of Intermediate Japanese Grammar,

Vneg ざるを得ない can also be replaced by ... V しかない.... Both Vneg ざるを得ない and V しかない are used only in a no-choice situation [and not in an obligation situation].

Here, Vneg means the negative stem (未然形) of a verb (i.e. 買わ for 買う, 読ま for 読む) and V means the dictionary form of the verb.


Reading/translating an attached document without downloading it

Question: Is it possible to read an attached document, written in Nepali, in Gmail, without downloading it? And if yes, how?
Answer: Gmail has inline Message Translation- a bar should appear at the top an email opened in a foreign language and you can select the source (Nepali in your case) and target languages (if auto-detect doesn't produce your desired combination).
If the translation bar doesn't appear you can click the more down arrow (next to the reply button) and select Translate message
Whether or not it can translate the attachment depends on the document format- if you open and view the document (inside of chrome) some formats should provide you this same translate options as those that exist for the messages themselves.


Free Windows software to combine a jpg with an mp3 and save as mp4?

Question: I want to combine a jpg with an mp3 and save the resulting file as a 1080p mp4 with 320kbps audio. I don't want to use an online converter, all the "free" software I've installed so far has been a lie and Windows Movie Maker isn't compatible with my OS (Windows 10). Which fully-functioning no watermark freeware can I use to get this job done?
Answer: From your description, it would appear that a slideshow program may do as you require. Even a single image could be considered a slideshow. Most slideshow programs allow one to set a duration of each slide and/or match the duration of the audio imported to the show.
A quick Google search for "free slideshow programs" generated many results. One of them is a compilation of 12 available programs, with a list of pros and cons, giving you a better chance to find one you will like.
Alternatively, you could use a free video editor, import a still image, set the duration and add the audio file. Video editors would also allow you to determine the output format, in case the slideshow software won't generate mp4.
I can confirm that the video editor Kdenlive will do all you require, including the no-cost aspect. It is available for Windows and Linux, although it appears the Linux version is less buggy when performing complex operations. Your requirements would not be considered complex and should work fine on Windows.
Answer: Depending how confident you are in a terminal, you can't get a better option than FFmpeg. The command you would use would be this:
<code>ffmpeg -loop 1 -r 1 -i image.png -i audio.mp3 -c:a copy -shortest output.mp4
</code>
Taken from this YouTube video. It plays your image for 1 second then loops that until your audio ends.
If command line prompts aren't your thing, there are a lot of GUI front-ends to FFmpeg, as well. I haven't used them, so I can't offer any instruction or guidance there, but the FFmpeg core of them is very capable of doing what you want.
AVANTI
myFFmpeg
Answer: Basically any video editing software will do that, my personal favourite is DaVinci Resolve (wait for the video to finish to get the download links). Don't worry, the free (i.e. not "Studio") version does everything you need (and a lot more) and has no water mark or other silly limitations.


WP-CLI using GMT/UTC Timezone on cron jobs

Question: Not sure what exactly broke, but upgrading to CiviCRM 4.7.1 on CentOS 6 required adding PHP 5.4 via the SCL repo.  Something in that process broke the cURL/wget/php cron job calls.  (Invalid username/password despite logs showing it correctly.  See https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-17981)  So, I created a cron job with:
scl enable php54 "wp --user= --url= --path=/path/to/wp/ civicrm api job.execute auth=0"
It runs, and everything seems fine.  However, when I go to Scheduled Jobs, everything reports as using a GMT/UTC timezone.  If I click to run manually, it reports the local time.  I've check the php.ini file and it has the correct timezone declared, as does the site's Settings page.  Anybody got a clue?
Comment: We are seeing something similar in Drupal. The report listing when the emails are sent shows a 10 AM EDT time stamp. The time stamp on opens shows 2 PM. Who ever tries to fix it please check all the time stamps.
Comment: What you're seeing is a different issue from this.  You may want to post it as a separate question.
Comment: If you have a new question, please ask it by clicking the [Ask Question](http://civicrm.stackexchange.com/questions/ask) button. Include a link to this question if it helps provide context. - [From Review](/review/low-quality-posts/3470)
Answer: wp-cli doesn't bootstrap the settings, so doesn't load the timezone.
Because of this exact issue, I wrote a patched version of the CiviCRM extension for wp-cli to add timezone support.  It's available here.  As far as I can tell, the original author has abandoned the project, because they haven't merged any pull requests (including this patch) in over a year.
You can also use wget-based cron - but then you're subject to your webserver's PHP timeouts, as opposed to the CLI PHP timeout, which is usually higher (or non-existent).
Comment: I REALLY wish that I could use the wget/cURL/PHP methods.  However, I get the "Invalid Username/Password" error that others have also experienced.  Thanks for the patch, I'll apply that and see if I get anywhere.
Comment: Jon, doing a quick dig through, it looks like Civi has pulled this into the base code.  It seems like this should be a bug report, with a simple update easily going back.
Comment: BTW, I only did the timezone piece to my install by editing wp/wp-content/plugins/civicrm/wp-cli/civicrm.php with:  (Added lines 2 and 3)
civicrm_initialize();
             $timezone = $this->getOption('timezone', get_option('timezone_string'));
             date_default_timezone_set($timezone);
             $result = civicrm_api($entity, $action, $params);
Comment: @GH - when you say "it looks like Civi has pulled this into the base code", I'm not sure what you mean.  Could you please elaborate?
Comment: On the 4.7 install, it's got the standard CiviCRM code ownership comment above what is on GitHub.  I haven't taken the time to do a diff between the installed and the GitHub version beyond that.  However, because it's got the commented out section above the code, I'd assume that CiviCRM is no longer pulling from the GitHub version.  I could be making a wrong assumption though.