Do questions have to be in English?

Question: Does a question (and by extension its answers) have to be posed in English, or are purely Japanese conversations acceptable? What about other languages?
Comment: I don't think having questions in any language besides Japanese and English makes sense, at least not to me.
Comment: @deceze - Might make sense depending upon the level of the asker then. A `beginner` level question might imply that the asker is not comfortable with even hiragana enough to read an answer where as a `native` level question might imply that any translations would be as a courtesy to others reading the question.
Comment: @Rob I like the idea of "level tagging"! Japanese is one of those languages where it makes sense.
Comment: +1 Great question!
Comment: @Patricker Any sort of translation question may well make sense from languages other than English. Chinese <-> Japanese or Korean <-> Japanese easily come to mind; it just wouldn't make sense to go through English for those questions. The problem is, are those within the scope of this site?
Comment: @deceze - I started a new question to see if we can flesh out a system - http://meta.japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/35/level-of-question-tags - I think it is a good idea as well as it could also be a bit help when it comes to filtering questions you are interested in (or can understand!).
Comment: I would come up with Japanese->Korean and Japanese->Turkish questions if I thought they would be answered. These languages are to various contentious degrees claimed to be related to Japanese but there are no doubt grammatical similarities.
Answer: I'm all for encouraging more native speakers to use the site as well, most of the time native speakers are the best ones to answer questions about the finer nuances of the use of various terms or even the regional differences between how things are said. That said through, I do think that we should encourage people to translate questions and answers that are purely in Japanese (to a reasonable extent) so they are approachable by beginners.
Comment: @Axioplase - You never know, when I was in Japan I had a couple pretty technical phrases scribbled in the back of a book in case there was a medical emergency. Likewise, it is possible for someone to travel on business and need to know a couple of advanced phrases while still just having a rudimentary command of the language.
Comment: English should be encouraged as much as possible. It is not possible for anyone to say whether or not anyone else can benefit. Everyone learns at their own pace, and so some learners who need English might benefit from *any* learning. We should therefor try to be as inclusive as possible, which means as much English, and as much kana, as possible.
Comment: I'm not sure it will be practical to _enforce_ translation of all questions, but if beginners would obviously benefit from it on a given q then we should definitely chime in and ask for it.
Comment: Well, if my question, in Japanese, is "what is the difference between ○ and □?", where both are technical/formal words (say, written on your insurance documents or house lease) and that they both translate to the same English word (as it often happens), I doubt that translating the question would be useful. It would be a waste of time, considering there is *little* chance that a beginner find himself in a situation where he needs to know either of these words before soon, and he'll be as unlikely to be able to answer… This is quite related to the target audience question…
Answer: I think this will tend to sort itself out.
Beginner questions will tend to be in mostly english. This is fine, since a native Japanese person's knowledge of the language will be less useful for these than other gaijin's perspectives from learning the language.
More advanced questions will be the ones that tend to be written in all Japanese. This will inherently limit the users who can answer them, but probably won't cut out any users who could have answered the question anyway. I could even see lower-intermediate(and beyond) users posting questions that link to all-japanese questions with statements like "I don't understand how 'ni' is being used in the second sentence of this question. Can someone explain this usage?".
Answer: I've had a look at how this is handled at the French and German stack exchange sites.  The norm seems to be:

We officially support English and Japanese.
Our favorite questions are asked in both English and Japanese.  The format is:

question in English

question in Japanese

or vice versa.
If you want to ask a question in another language, you can, but please include a translation into English or Japanese.
If you don't include a translation, anything can happen. If you are lucky, somebody will translate your question for you, or somebody will answer your question in your native language. If you are unlucky, a moderator will delete your question. We make no promises.

I think those are good principles. I would add one more:

If you are asking an advanced question — i.e. one that only makes sense to people who already understand Japanese well — then you have no excuse for not using Japanese.
Comment: When you said *"If you want to ask a question in another language..."*, I don't think you can. I mean, I can't ask in Italian, but only in Japanese and/or English.
Answer: The search engine seems to be optimized for English searches.
While a question in full Japanese is entirely appropriate for the site, people searching for that topic will have a harder time finding it.  From a searching perspective, including both a Japanese version and an English version would give us the best exposure to all audiences.
Even for Google, having both the Japanese and English content seems like it would help the question appear in more searches - for those searching in Japanese and those searching that topic in English.
Comment: +1 for the search issue. I would add this is even broader, as 1) people might search for their issue using English and/or Japanese... ideally we should have both for important keywords in each question 2) SE does a pretty poor job at optimising pages in Japanese for SEO (been mentioned [here](http://meta.japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/254/kana-in-titles-should-be-transliterated) for example)... which is **theirs** to solve, but still affect us in the meantime. And pleads in favour or English content.
Comment: Searchability plays a role in dupe prevention too. When I posted a question in full Japanese, I wasn't too sure if the question is clear of duplicates or not. In this case, the area that shows "questions with similar titles" won't be of much help unless (1) we write question titles in both languages, or (2) that area can be changed to search for both title and body, provided that the body always contain keywords in both langs.
Answer: By posting questions in Japanese, we also encourage Japanese native speakers to contribute, so I like the idea.  However, I don't like the idea of a rift between questions that beginners can, and cannot, understand.
At least, I reckon that the question should get a specific tag for its posted language - e.g. "question-in-japanese" or something.
Comment: There will always be topics that beginners can and cannot understand. I'd make the opposite argument that it's good to have purely Japanese questions for the purpose of learning. You can't really learn to read Japanese from single words or short sentences interspersed into English alone.
Comment: @deceze, sorry - I guess I didn't make my position clear.  I don't oppose Japanese questions.  I oppose mixing them in with no specific tagging.  That allows beginner uses to add "question-in-japanese" to their disinterested tag list and thus filter out those questions.
Comment: I'd like then to have "question-in-proper-japanese" and "question-in-tentative-japanese" tags too…
Answer: I definitely wouldn't want to limit the usefulness of the site to any particular group, but as someone who is just starting out on the path to learning Japanese I'm already lost with some of the half-english/half-japanese questions.
If the question can be reasonably translated(or partially translated) I think the English translation should be encouraged. If the question only makes sense in japanese, then may a specific tag should be added.
Comment: (1) I agree that we should always encourage askers to include the English version.  (2) I am not sure if the "specific tag" you proposed will work effectively.  Tagging is a loose classification system, and applying a specific tag consistently is not easy.
Answer:
Do questions have to be in English?

A short answer: Yes.
All the answers posted so far agree in that questions do not have to be in English in principle, although some point out the limitation of the system which might cause glitches when questions are not in English.  But I beg to differ.  The primary language of this website is and should be English, and we should not try to optimize the website for those who do not at all speak English.  Questions have to be English, or at least the English version of questions should be included.
There are two reasons.  First, we cannot optimize the website for everyone and, like it or not, we have to focus on some group of people.  There are many, many websites out there in Japanese about the Japanese language.  Setting English as the primary language is a distinguishing feature of this website from those websites, and it is not necessarily a bad thing.
Second, as I understand it, this website was intended to be in English from the beginning, and changing it without going through that painful process of Area 51 seems unfair.
Answer: TL; DR
Japanese question is OK.  Other language than Japanese/English: No.
Reason:
For example, considering stackoverflow.
Highly sophisticated question (and answer) would require that domain's knowledge, and without that knowledge, the question can be totally incomprehensible.
For this kind of question, I think making an effort to comprehensible even for beginners for that topic, it is of course welcome but not mandatory.
Same logic applied, I think the question can be of only Japanese (or English).
As this community's purpose (as I understand) is to accumulate knowledge for Japanese Language, asking question which requires Japanese language capability, it is OK, as long as the question is about  the target domain of Japanese Language of which this site (the community) wants to accumulate.
About other Languages, I think support for them should be opted out.  Moderation cost for such support does not pay, for this site's purpose, IMO.

Do questions have to be in English?


Mangrove Jack Cider benefit from aging?

Question: I have found that Mangrove Jack's Cider kits are quick for a summer drink and satisfies the family and friends with gluten issues. I just fermented another batch and don't have a keg available right now (yes, I know buy another) So, I racked it into a 6 gallon carboy, which got me wondering will aging it a bit will do anything beneficial as far a taste and quality? If so, how long?
Answer: From the one time I tried Mangrove Jack's, the "fresh" bottles all had a farm taste and smell, but the one I saved, for a few months, in the fridge, did get better with age. The flavour became smoother and I liked it. Next time I do it, I'll let everything age for a while.
Of course, this is just my experience, and mileage may vary...
Comment: My current keg of cider is down to it's last gallon or two and is definitely smoother then when first kegged, there is something to this aging thing.
Answer: All ciders should go through conditioning (aging) for the fruit aroma and perceived sweetness to really come through. (Also if your cider is strong in Alcohol, the aging will reduce the "hot" alcohol feel.

I recommend 1 year in secondary, or in bottles/barrel.

I recommend conditioning the cider not in plastic, but in glass bottles, or glass fermenters. Plastic "breathes" and may oxygenate your cider.
Good luck!

Mangrove Jack Cider benefit from aging?


How do I set environment variables?

Question: I'm trying to set up Apache Tomcat on my pc, and it wants me to set up an environment variable for CATALINA_HOME.  Does any know how to do this?
Answer: In bash you can set variables like this:
export CATALINA_HOME=/opt/catalina

most other shells follow this convention, but not all. You can set it permanently in ~/.profile for bash (and as before, other shells have other locations)

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EnvironmentVariables
Where to declare environment variables?
Comment: for session-wide variables, http://help.ubuntu.com recommends `~/.profile` as _probably the best file for placing environment variable assignments in, since it gets executed automatically by the DisplayManager during the startup process desktop session as well as by the login shell when one logs-in from the textual console._
Comment: Setting it in `~/.profile` doesn't work for me.  It works in `~/.bashrc` though.
Comment: Setting it in `~/.bash_profile` works as well.
Comment: It is to be noted that when you add new variables in ~/.bash_profile for instance, they won't be automatically set in the environment until your next login. See man bash, and look for INVOCATION for more details.
Comment: Updated the answer. The reason why i used .bashrc instead was that at some point .profile wasn't sourced automatically. But if it works now, it's better to use it.
Comment: There is also a system wide file in /etc. This works but is per user.
Comment: without `export` we can also edit the `bash script` with any editor and manually add the path right? e.g., `vim ~\.bashrc`?
Answer: To set permanent environment variables in latest Ubuntu versions (from 14.04 and above)
add the variables to /etc/environment. For that follow the below instructions,
Open the terminal and run
sudo -H gedit /etc/environment

the provide your password, then in the prompted text file
then add the variables like
ANT_HOME="/opt/ANT/"

Sample of the /etc/environment is given below
PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games"
JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/"
AXIS2_HOME="/opt/axis2-1.7.4/"
ANT_HOME="/opt/apache-ant-1.9.7/"

don't forget to logout and login again to enable the environment variables.
Answer: Environment variables should already work
If you are using the tomcat6 package from the Ubuntu repositories, then the CATALINA_HOME and other environment variables are already set, in the /etc/init.d/tomcat6 startup script.
If you are installing tomcat outside the package manager (hopefully in /opt or somewhere else outside the managed file system), then running the TOMCAT/bin/startup.sh should use the relative location to define the CATALINA_HOME.
Setting the Environment variable
If for some reason you still need to set an environment variable you can open a terminal window and type in the command:
export CATALINA_HOME=/path/to/the/root/folder/of/tomcat

This environment variable will now work within that terminal window, but if you open another window or logout/login you loose that setting.
Make the environment variable permanent
To make the environment variable setting permanent, there are several places you can define the setting.
To be really sure the setting is being picked up, add the above setting to one of the startup script for tomcat:
yourtomcatfolder/bin/startup.sh

yourtomcatfolder/bin/catalina.sh

Note: startup.sh calls the catalina.sh.  You should add the setting at the start of one of these files (after any initial comments)
The standard way for global environment variables would be to add an entry in /etc/environment (you do not use the command export in this file as it is not a normal bash script)
CATALINA_HOME=/path/to/the/root/folder/of/tomcat

Not recommended
You can set the environment variables in the bash (command line shell) configuration files, but these are not recommended as they are not always picked up (eg. if you are running a server that you dont login to to run tomcat):
~/.bashrc |
~/.profile |
/etc.bash.bashrc |
/etc/profile
Comment: It should not be the `startup` or `catalina` scripts, but the `setenv.sh` or `setenv.bat` script, creating it if needed: "Apart from CATALINA_HOME and CATALINA_BASE, all environment variables can be specified in the "setenv" script. The script is placed either into CATALINA_BASE/bin or into CATALINA_HOME/bin directory and is named setenv.bat (on Windows) or setenv.sh (on *nix). The file has to be readable." ([Running The Apache Tomcat 7.0 Servlet/JSP Container](http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/RUNNING.txt), Section 3.4)
Answer: Open your Bash runcom file:
nano ~/.bashrc

This will most likely contain quite a bit of data already. Most of the definitions here are for setting bash options, which are unrelated to environmental variables. You can set environmental variables just like you would from the command line:
export VARNAME=value

See How To Read and Set Environmental and Shell Variables on Linux
I tested it on Ubuntu 16.04. Works great.
Answer: The best place for this depends on how and where you've installed Tomcat, what applications you want to pick up this setting and how global you want the scope to be.
The Ubuntu documentation on Environment Variables discusses the pros and cons of the various options.
Comment: What are you referring to when you say, "best place for this"?
Comment: @jumpnett - I mean where to make the setting persistent so that it is always available to the applications depending on it. Unless you're happy typing the setting in every time or want to write your own script.
Answer: After going through Ubuntu Documentation on Environment Variables, I came up with following workaround:
##Save & run the following in a shell script,

export ENVIRON_VAR_NAME = Value
# any other initializations like
export PATH=$PWD:$PATH
bash

The last line creates a child shell, which inherits Environment Variable values from parent shell (which have just been set).
Answer: As above, I will use the export to save an environment variable with a small difference. I prefer to save them in a local file.
echo "export POSTMARK_SERVER_TOKEN=sekritvalue" >> .env

In this way, anytime and from any terminal, your variable will work and be there with your project. Don't forget to include .env to your .gitignore, DO NOT push them to Git.
Answer: You can use systemd's environment.d:
As a user, you can drop a file in ~/.config/environment.d/foo.conf with VAR=value.
For all users, /etc/environment.d/foo.conf, or /etc/environment can be used.
You can also configure /firstname.lastname@example.com/foo.conf for a specific user or /etc/systemd/system/user@.service.d/foo.conf for all users. The contents f the file is then
[Service]
Environment="FOO=value"

How do I set environment variables?


What is key to getting more attention?

Question: Some questions get significantly more attentions than others. For example, this meta question asked yesterday got more than a thousand views, while a question that I asked yesterday only gained little more than twenty. I do not know what makes such huge difference. I would like to learn how to get more attention. What was special about the question that I linked?
Comment: Here's a free complementary analysis of [your question](http://meta.stackoverflow.com/q/262952/2246344). **1.** The title doesn't grab my attention (gives me the impression that the post's boring). **2.** There aren't any pictures (makes the post even more dull). **3.** There isn't any **special** *formatting* (again, it makes the post look more like a wall of text). **4.** Your posts doesn't have any humor or show any creativity. For suggestions/tips you'll need to subscribe to our ProWriter™ package for a minimum annual fee of £199.⁹⁹.
Comment: Or, You: `What was special about the question that I linked?` Me: `It wasn't as pointless as this one.` Still an answer.
Comment: @Qix This time, you pointed the question correctly, but didn't understand the question in context. I am asking what is the key to getting more attention as the particular question that I linked.
Comment: */seriousanswer* You should be looking at the **qualitative worth**, not the **quantitative worth**, of a question when writing it.
Comment: @Qix My question was "what was special about that question". And your answer is that it wasn't pointless. That means that most other questions, which are non-special, are pointless. Are you sure that is what you mean?
Comment: No, I'm saying **this** question is pointless.
Comment: @Qix That does not answer my question at all. It does not answer why that particular question gained so many views. Your comment is pointless.
Comment: You: `I would like to learn how to get more attention.` Me: `You should be looking at the qualitative worth, not the quantitative worth, of a question when writing it.` I think that's an answer.
Comment: @Qix No. What you cited is not a question. You didn't understand the question.
Comment: Alright. You: `What is key to getting more attention?` Me: `You should be looking at the qualitative worth, not the quantitative worth, of a question when writing it.` Better?
Comment: ITT: Why do people read some things and not others? - Because nobody reads everything. This goes for everything in life, not just MSO.
Answer: There are all sorts of factors at work here. But the short answer is,
A lot of posts look really boring.
Nondescript titles, rambling introductions, vague problem statements, complaints everyone on SO has already heard 10,000 times... So to get folks to click through, read, and vote, it takes a bit of extra effort to make it look worth their while.
I'm not going to write about these 5 crazy tricks that'll get you mega meta attention, but you don't need that - just look around at the posts that you click through and read, and pay attention to the writing style, the attention to detail, the unique, descriptive titles that folks come up with. You'll figure it out...

What is key to getting more attention?


What happens when I get bored of a story I'm writing?

Question: I have several stories on hold because either I am not able to post them at the time, or they are incomplete and do not plan to finish them anytime soon. When it comes to the second scenario, what do I do with the story? Do I just leave it rotting in my google docs folder for a month or two, or do I look for inspiration and continue writing?
Comment: @FraEnrico You omitted the "... anytime soon" from that quote. It's not that Quinzel has entirely given up on the story, it's just that, being realistic, the story isn't going to get done in the foreseeable future.
Comment: Save it.  I have more than ten NaNoWriMo stories saved and revisiting them every once in a while, I add some to them.  Break a leg, inspiration will come.
Comment: When you say "I do not plan to finish" it seems that you already have made a decision, so I don't understand when you ask "What do I do".
Comment: I like to print the text out, and then get a pair of scissors and chop it up and rearrange it.
Comment: @R.M. thanks for the clarification. Language issues on my side.
Answer: I think that it usually boils down to these three scenarios:

At times, you simply get irritated and fed up. You reach a point in your story that you've only really thought out in broad strokes, but when you sit down to it and need to write out all the nitty-gritty, it just doesn't work out. I don't think letting something (as you so put it) "rot" for a month or two is necessarily a bad thing. Go do something else. Inspiration is like a tax refund - you never know when it's going to come.
Then there are those times when you reach a "transitional period" of a story, namely when one event transpires to another. Such a "transitional period" is necessary, as otherwise your story wouldn't make sense, but writing it out is simply boring. There are devices for avoiding such transitional periods, but speaking in generalities is anything but helpful (i.e. in general, avoid transition periods, but in other times, it just won't work). In this case, my advice is to leave a page blank and move onto a more exciting bit. Don't allow a part of a story you have already structured in your head to allow you from progressing.
And then there are those stories when something just doesn't work out. Perhaps I should put on my Captain Obvious hat, but yes, at times you reach a point in a story which you freeze on. Sometimes, it's because an idea that seemed decent in theory turned out to be anything but in practice. Other times, you wrote your heart out only to find more darkness at the end of the tunnel. Above all, don't waste good ideas. Either rethink your story: trim a character or add a new one, write more build up for a climactic event, etc. Or scrap it, start fresh, but recycle everything that worked. The machine may have not moved, but that doesn't mean a gear or two was well-placed.
Comment: doesn't mean a gear or two wasN'T well-placed?
Comment: For #3 - seems you are suggesting the writer perform a real life version of Nick Cage's time rewind ability in Next. Or at least I like thinking about it that way.
Answer: If the story is so boring for you that you can't get yourself to finish writing it, chance is more than good the story will be too boring for the reader to finish reading it.
Drop it, scrap it, or at best rework it into something completely different, possibly trimming it into a short open-ended story or reusing best parts as fragments of a different work. Regardless, in current form, it's dead. Trying to force yourself to finish it in current form won't result in anything remotely good.
Comment: That is not necessarily true. When I start writing a story, I love it and I love the plot. But since I am easily distracted and always thinking about the story, it happens more often than not that I completely fleshed out the whole story in my head without even putting one chapter on paper. On that point, when I sit down to continue the story, I am simply bored of actually writing it down. Because it feels like just copying a text instead of creating it. (Yes I have major discipline issues xD)
Answer: In my little experience, there are two ways to overcome that impasse.

The flow. You just write without thinking, just write whatever comes to mind, force yourself to fill the page, and the page after. This helps to unblock. Once you have put black on white, it's easier to go back and rewrite or edit. But setting the needle to "0% thinking / 100% writing" is a good way to go.
Wait and forget. You just let your subject rest and forget about it, work on other things or other projects. Then you go back to that original thought after some time (a couple of months maybe). You might find new ways to look at it. Sometimes things surprise me, and I find inspiration for a subject after many years that idea came to my mind.
Answer: You need to identify exactly what it is about the story that's boring you, and address that issue.
Are you bored of your characters? Then switch perspective. Write the next section from the perspective of a new character, or an existing minor character. Figure out what other individual stories might be happening at the same time as what you've written so far.
Have you reached a stage of the story that feels pedestrian? Do you feel like you're slogging through a dull bit in order to get to the good stuff? Then skip ahead, write the good stuff now, and later on you'll figure out how to fill in the gap. Bear in mind that if it's boring for you to write, it's going to be boring for your readers to read, so you're going to need to figure out a way of communicating essential information in the least tedious way possible.
Do you not know what to do next? Do you feel like you're standing on the edge of a precipice, looking out at a sea of possibilities, uncertain where to take things? If so, then you know what, end the story here. Deciding what happens next is left as an exercise to the reader.
Answer: I don't believe in scraping a story just because you lose interest in it. A lot of people are going to advise you to get all that's in your head, regardless of quality, on paper. This is a viable strategy but there will come a time even when that won't work. My advice is to give your incomplete works time and revisit them some other time. If you still can't make sense of what you're after it probably will be better safely saved in your cloud.
Answer: To answer your question "Do I just leave it rotting in my google docs folder for a month or two, or do I look for inspiration and continue writing?":
I would walk away from it for a while, do something else (other than writing) and let your unconscious work on it (so to speak).  I have found that, with time, I either find myself back at my desk continuing the story or I just move on to another project.  There is no "time period" (a month or two) that I can suggest.
My experience has been that "forcing" it will tend to hinder your creativity.
One other suggestion:  I often start reading (as opposed to writing) during these periods and will often get a "spark" from something I've read.
Answer: I think something needs to be said that is often overlooked, possibly even feared and so it is rarely uttered.
What in your story is making you lose interest?
Think back to when you were last really engaged with the narrative and work forward.  I guarantee you, if there is a part of the story you are losing interest in... you will be losing your reader as well.  Likely not on the same scale, but it will happen.  While your disinterest might span a few weeks and theirs only moments... a moment is all it takes to break immersion and remind them that they are in fact, not running for their life.  They are on a busy, smelly train and it's late and they're hungry and now your story is just some person writing about things.  You can't afford to lose the reader.
Often times stories die in the valleys, the quiet middle bits where you are diligently building sub plots, fleshing out characters, and all the million and one things you must be conscious of.
Watch the Coen brother's movie Burn After Reading, or at least a few scenes.  They build tension in those middle bits simply with music.  High thriller tension music all the time and for things like getting a paper.  It's nonsensical but you don't even notice it at first and you wonder what the hell the big deal is about getting a paper.  Then you realize that the coen brothers are keeping you on the edge in the extremely mundane parts so that their major events can be played any way at all and it will be a tension release.  Stick and the carrot.
If part of your story is boring or tedious to write... it will be boring and tedious to read.  Now that's not saying everything needs to be high drama and action.  Instead use that time to weave subplots.  Raise questions and suspicions.  Mess with the playbook.  Call and audible and see where it goes.  Which characters know what and what is their role in all this.  Be hitchcockian.  Keep people in the dark, but show them the footprint. It's good practice in writing by the seat of your pants, you don't even know what this character is doing but you know it can't be good.
Steven Pressfield is very good at this.  The Hot Gates was a perfect example of a narrative that started and simply didn't let you take your eyes off the page.
Even if dropping it for a while is just 'your process' try to analyze if there was something you could do to not let the pressure up (there is ALWAYS pressure.)  Think of lateral ways you could have jumped into say backstory, or a particularly revealing scene about character that no one is expecting.  Bam now you have deep motive running underneath and not just a sub plot.  I'm pretty sure i've read easily upwards of 6-7,000 books.  There are some from when I was young that I still remember vividly, entire scenes even.  They varied from stories about hunting dogs to kid detectives and secret Nazi missions on D-Day.  They all have one thing in common (I went back and checked)
They stay in motion.
Just like a shark will die if it stops moving...  So too dies your story,  There will of course be exceptions as per human individuality... but don't think of it as something to prove wrong.  Think of it as a challenge to get our of your comfort zone.  Give yourself a healthy dose of army inspiration.
Must not be very good if even you don't want to read it.
Be tough on yourself, everyone else will be.  Readers are often ruthless.  They don't owe your book anything.  In fact you owe them for the money they paid.  This advice was articulated in a much better way I'm sure by a number of my professors over the years.  It has helped me immensely and as a result I don't stop writing because i can't stay interested.  I have to stop writing/reading because knowing what I know is like being the only one in the room who has seen the Game of Thrones episode coming on.  I CAN'T WRITE ANY FASTER AND IT'S KILLING ME.  It took some getting used to and some rather frank conversations with myself about what is in the story... and what should be in the story... but it works, even as just an exercise to get warmed up or to try and keep your current roll going.
Another tool for the toolbox.  Good luck and remember...
WRITERS WRITE.


$f:[a,b]\to(a,b)$ be continuous how prove $f(c)+f(c+d)+\cdots+f(c+nd)=(n+1)(c+\frac{nd}{2})$

Question: let $f:[a,b]\to(a,b)$ be continuous how prove   $\forall n\in\mathbb N$ $\exists d\gt0$ ,$\exists c\in(a,b) $ such that $$f(c)+f(c+d)+\cdots+f(c+nd)=(n+1)\left(c+\frac{nd}{2}\right)$$thanks in advance
Answer: Let $n \in \mathbb{N}$ be fixed and write $g(x,y) = \sum_{k=0}^n f(x + ky) - (n+1)(x + ny/2)$. Then $g$ is a continuous function $\Delta \to \mathbb{R}$, where $\Delta$ is the triangle given by the inequalities
$$a \le x \le b, \quad 0 \le y \le \frac{b-x}{n}.$$
Notice that since $f \colon [a,b] \to (a,b)$, we have
$$g(a,0) = (n+1)f(a) - (n+1)a > 0,$$
$$g(b,0) = (n+1)f(b) - (n+1)b < 0.$$
By continuity there exist neighbourhoods $U$ of $(a,0)$ and $V$ of $(b,0)$ in $\Delta$ such that $g(x,y) > 0$ for all $(x,y) \in U$ and $g(x,y) < 0$ for all $(x,y) \in V$. In particular there exist $d > 0$ and $a < b' < b$ such that $(a,d) \in U$ and $(b',d) \in V$. Now by Bolzano's theorem there exists $c \in (a,b')$ such that $g(c,d) = 0$ and the claim follows.


What does the 8 inner gates require to use?

Question: It seems that Lee could only open the 6th gate even with the training that Guy did with his dad. So why can't Lee open the 8th gate yet? He said when Guy opened the 8th gate, "AMazing, I can only open to the 6th gate."
Comment: what do you want to know. Why lee can't open 8th gate or requirement for opening 8 inner gates. though the explanation of answer might be similar, i think it is a different question
Answer: Do you wanna know the require to open 8 gates? or Lee can open 8 gates? etc..Questions...Right?

How many gates can rock Lee open?

Through Guy's teachings, Lee learned to open the first five of the Eight Gates at age 12, the sixth age 17, and the seventh at age 20. He is recognised as a genius for this feat by Kakashi Hatake, who notes it is highly difficult for even the most talented ninja to open even one gate.
So the conclusion he can also able to open 8 gates.But the reason to avoid the 8th gate probably known as "The Gate of Death".You will get end of fight.
The require to open is basically it's based on opponents will power.No one would like to open the death gate.
This link would be useful to know more about gates.


Strongest travel sunblock?

Question: A friend who burns easily is travelling to Africa during the dry season.  What is the strongest sunblock on the market, and is it actually sensible to use - that is, would it potentially prevent sweating which may not be healthy for the body?
Answer: The strongest sunblock would be to wear a big hat and long sleeves and pants (preferably white clothing).  I mean this with all sincerity. The only way to truly block the sun in the most effective way is to take steps to prevent it from reaching your skin.
Comment: [Slip Slap Slop](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slip-Slop-Slap)
Comment: I'm the friend who burns easily (30 min on a sunny British winter day / sub 5 min NZ summer) I can say your answer and some spf 50 did the trick. The one time I was exposed with out sun block I didn't burn as quickly or as hard as I expected. Obviously this wont be the case for everyone or an excuse not to take the risk seriously. Something else I was advised by my GP is some anti-malarial's can make skin more susceptible to burning, I can't remember which one does but Malarone doesn't.
Comment: doxycycline, I believe, is the one that makes you more susceptible to the sun.
Answer: In addition to sunblock, long sleeves, a hat and sunglasses, you should also consider Zinc creams (Zinc Oxide). It's a physical barrier, resists sweating and for these reasons is what cricketers wear when they have to play in the sun all day. It's also hypoallergenic and is used to prevent some skin conditions (again by providing a physical barrier between the skin and the environment).
Answer: When looking at clothing for SPF protection, you can use the guide at the Skin Cancer Foundation. I followed this that last 2 times I was in India.
Answer: My brother burns really easily and has started using SPF 75
He has noticed a difference between this and SPF 30.
Answer: In Australia back when the ozone layer started to disappear and everybody started wearing strong sunblock they used to tell us that anything with a SPF (sun protection factor) above 30 did not make any difference. They have stopped saying this I think due to commercial pressure. There is more on this in the Wikipedia article saying upper limits for claimed SPF is enforced in several countries.
Comment: The usual explanation for 30+ being worthless is "who burns in half an hour? With 30 you could be outside for 15 hours and not get burned, so you don't need higher." Well, I can burn in 15 min in some cases, if I'm canoe camping I might be in the sun for 16 hours, and I don't want to burn or even tan, so measuring by "time till you have a sunburn" is not good. I buy 45 or 50, but supplement with a hat and long sleeves.
Comment: I believe the key is to reapply and reapply rather than to expect one application of a high SPF to last. I don't burn that easily but it depends on the conditions. I once burned in seven minutes.
Comment: I think even if you keep applying SPF 15 after (15 * however long you would burn in) you will have a burn. I have had some wicked burns being on the water with SPF 15.
Comment: In Australia the advice advertized by the government is to only use SPF 30+ and reapply every two hours I believe.

Strongest travel sunblock?


Beer as a conditioner?

Question: So my grandmother told me before they had hair conditioner in the islands (grew up in Cuba) they used beer on their hair and laid out in the sun. She claims the 'froth' is packed with rich nutrients. I am not sure whether she made this up so I would pour it on my hair instead of drinking it. Anyone else ever heard of beer as a conditioner?...
Comment: "Health" isn't a great tag, but I couldn't come up with something better.
Comment: A friend of mine uses beer yeast (pills) for their hair. Maybe it helps, in addition to the "nutriments" ?
Answer: I have heard and seen beer shampoo, both as a home-remedy and a commercial product.
Here is an article about beer shampoo. http://lifehacker.com/5908809/shampoo-your-hair-with-beer-for-a-silky-soft-shine
Answer: There are certainly a good few beer based shampoos available.  Even Carlsberg make a beer shampoo/conditioner.  I've no idea whether it's "probably the best shampoo in the world'.

Beer as a conditioner?


Translation of 'Takana'

Question: What would a fitting colloquially accepted  translation of the word takana be? Assuming we are dealing of course with a rabbinic decree and so as to convey the intent as apposed to 'gzeira', 'syag', 'mishmeres' and such.
Comment: Literally, the word "takana" comes from "tikun" meaning "to fix" or "to correct". This is not like the adage "If it ain't broke don't fix it", as nothing is, necessarily "broken". However, in a sense, a takana is placed often, to improve the way people have been doing things. In a way it is like an oil change for your car. The car may not be broken, but you "fix" the car by changing the oil so that it runs better.
Comment: Related: http://judaism.stackexchange.com/q/45423
Answer: If you want to specifically distinguish, I would go with corrective:

something that corrects or counteracts something undesirable

The Rabbis established a corrective. Bishul Yisroel is a Rabbinic corrective against intermarriage.
But with the caveat that from my observation the distinction between takkana and gezeira is not regarded as important in many places and thus would really not necessarily lead to a better quality translation to translate them differently based on the original word choice.
Comment: @ Yishai You got me thinking though. Is there a similar noun based around the word strengh? Not sure if its a better, just wondering.
Comment: @user6591, I think [English.SE](http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/single-word-requests) answers such questions.
Comment: @ Yishai- so the linguist J.J. Obermark at English.se suggested reinforcement, or reinforce. I kinda like it. What do you say?
Comment: @user6591, it works for the second example ("a reinforcement against intermarriage"), but "established a reinforcement" doesn't make sense to me (but I'm no linguist). But I think they were saying over there that there is some domain specificity here.
Comment: @Yishai- they did say there is domain specificity here. I'm stuck in no mans land between two sites! I need a religous linguist. Like my seventh grade teacher. Too bad he was such a jerk:) but anyways..... how about enacted a reinforcement? Sound better?
Comment: @user6591, sounds reasonable to me.

Translation of 'Takana'


How to tell when suggested edits have been considered?

Question: If I make an edit to a post or answer, how will I know whether the edit has been accepted? I understand that all edits are placed in a queue, but I am not sure how to tell if the edit has made its way through the queue or not.
Answer: Have you already suggested some edits? I don't see any on your activity tab.
I think that if someone has suggested edits then he can see them in his activity tab, as, for example, this user. Notice that you can click on the text suggested edit and you will get to the page showing the suggested edit, like here. On that page you can see what happened with the suggested edit so far - which user voted to approve the edit, which users voted to reject the edit or whether some action has been taken at all.
Answer: You'll get +2 reputation, when your suggestion is accepted, and (I think) a notification.
When your edit is accepted it also shows up that you edited that post.


Which lens should I use and how to take night pictures?

Question: So I have a Canon T3 and I wanted to take pictures of the night sky and landscapes but since I'm a noob at photography, I was wondering which lens should I invest in that isn't quite pricey. I was also wondering which mode and which setting should I set when I take pictures of the night sky.
Comment: Have you looked through the [night] and [astrophotography] tags?  There have been many questions on those topics, as well as a number of topics on selecting lenses.  What lens(es) do you own and what attempts have you made at night shots?

[what times and settings should I sue for taking pictures of stars at night](http://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/14693/what-times-and-settings-should-i-use-for-taking-pictures-of-stars-at-night-and-f?rq=1) and [how to take great night shots](http://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/3880/how-to-take-great-night-shots?rq=1)
Comment: Astrophotography and night street photography are not the same. I'd change the question to ask about one, or the other. Some of the answers are already compounding this confusion.
Answer: One of the best lens for night photography is 50mm with aperture f1.8. It gives you noise free and great shots. Hope this helps.
Comment: Could you please expand on what qualities make this lens food for night photography.
Comment: Is a fast aperture and medium-long focal length really ideal for "night sky and landscapes", though?
Comment: I was going to say the same. The standard Canon 50mm 1.8 is Dirt cheap and has a superb bokeh. One thing to keep in mind this lens does not have the ultrasonic motor so is can be slow at times(just in case you plan to take action images in night). As well as this lens is not very crisp at 1.8 should be good at 2.0 or 2.2
Comment: http://petapixel.com/2014/12/27/comparing-optics-40-yongnuo-50mm-f1-8-125-canon-50mm-f1-8-ii/
Answer:
I was wondering which lens should I invest in that isn't quite pricey.

Well, first off, lenses aren't investments. They're expenses.  Nobody really buys a lens with the express intent of waiting for it to appreciate and then selling it at a profit. :) And "pricey" is in the eye of the beholder.  I might tell you the EF-S 24mm f/2.8 STM pancake lens if you wanted a fast(ish) wide prime, or the EF-S 10-18 if you needed an ultrawide, but I'm not sure you're at the point where you'd know.
Quite honestly, if you don't know what lens you need, you're probably not ready to buy another lens just yet.  The answer to what lens to get is a highly individual one with a lot of "it depends" factors, including what you want to shoot, how you want to shoot, your budget, and what gear you already own, and what's causing you the absolute most frustration.
For most folks just starting out with their first dSLR, for shooting landscapes and the night sky, you're probably best off sticking with the 18-55 kit lens that came with the camera.  For landscapes, put your camera on a tripod, stop the lens down into the f/8-f/16 range, and amazing things can happen. The photographer who took that image did so with the six megapixel original Canon dRebel (300D) and the first version (non-IS, non-STM, softer optics) of the EF-S 18-55 kit lens.  While nice lenses inevitably can help, mastering basic technique is liable to help you far more.  And here's another photographer who shoots the stars and the Milky Way with am 18-55.
The most effective way to spend your money early on is probably on a book, class, or learning videos to get good basic technique under your belt.  I'd recommend starting with Bryan Peterson's Understanding Exposure, but I'm a book learner and everybody is different.

I was also wondering which mode and which setting should I set when I take pictures of the night sky.

And this is why getting a book on exposure basics is a good way to go. :) You'll also want to look at the [astrophotography] tag here on photo.SE.
See also: Lens upgrade paths (sub $1000) for the EF-S 18-55mm IS kit lens for Canon APS-C cameras
Comment: +1 for just "expenses, not investments", let alone all the rest!
Comment: @mattdm I must confess I probably first encountered the "not an investment" statement on the DPReview boards many moons ago. :)
Answer: The answer depends on what you mean by night sky.
For photographing landscapes, stars as well as the blue hour the best start is actually a tripod and not a new lens. It allows for longer exposures in dark conditions. Additionally you can easily create landscape panoramas with the help of the tripod head.
From there use a lens whose focal length fits to the desired composition. Use aperture priority mode or manual mode and set the aperture to F8 - F11 (except for stars) and use a low ISO. For stars use the brightest aperture available and higher ISO. For wide landscape shots you can easily create a panorama using the tripod head.
If you want to photograph stars, the next step would be a wide lens (<=24 mm) with a bright maximum aperture (<= F2.8). Samyang has good manual focus+aperture offerings in this range.
Answer: The essential thing for night photography is a tripod. If you do not already have one, that is where you should spend your money. A cable-release helps too but I don't recall if your camera has one. Check the manual first.
Then you should get a good quality lens, preferable one with a bright aperture. The brightest, the more you will be able to see while framing. Although you would be mostly using Manual Focus, a bright lens is beneficial to autofocus too.
Canon has a 50mm F/1.2 which is very bright and excellent but I would consider it too tight for general landscape photography, so you will have to compromise and get something not quite as bright but wider. A Canon 24mm F/1.4 or the Sigma A 24mm F/1.4 DG HSM will both do very well.  If you really want flexibility of zooming then you have to comprimse some more, although I highly recommend the Sigma A 18-35mm F/1.8 DC HSM which is a superb lens and currently the brightest zoom.
Answer:
I was wondering which lens should I invest in that isn't quite pricey

Well lenses do not contribute to image quality in dark , it is the aperture and the shutter that control the amount of light entering the camera.

which mode and which setting should I set when I take pictures of the
  night sky.

There are 2 ways,
Method 1
Use a larger aperture starting f1.5 and increase the ISO to about 6400. Click a shot to see if the you get a clear picture, if not just increase the ISO till you get a better picture.
Method 2
Use a larger aperture starting f1.5 and decrease the shutter speed to 1s. Click a shot to see if you get a clear picture, if not just increase the shutter speed to 2s and so on till you get a better picture.
Note: For this setup to work, you must use a tripod or else you might get a blurry image.Also it would be better if you press the shutter via the remote.


Accessing Internet from a different VLAN. Cisco 200-26

Question: I have just had a cisco 200-26 smart switch with 24 ports. I have set the IP of VLAN1 (also management Lan) to 192.168.1.254. All ports except port 10 and 11 are assigned to VLAN1. Furthermore, I have created another VLAN with id VLAN2 and this VLAN is getting IP from DHCP server of my university network and the internet comes through the university network. The VLAN2 is using IP's from the range 10.103.72.x. What I want to accomplish here is that, I have a full 192.168.1.xx network behind VLAN1 and only requirement is that it should be passing the internet traffic to VLAN2 and getting the results back to the relevant devices in VLAN1.
For VLAN2, I have already done port to vlan mapping and assigned them port 10 and 11 with trunk and untagged settings.
It seems what I am trying to do is really simple but I am sort of a newbie in networking and don't know much about network configurations. Please also guide me how to make the required configuration through web ui. I am not really into the command line interface of cisco switches.
Regards
Comment: Did any answer help you? if so, you should accept the answer so that the question doesn't keep popping up forever, looking for an answer. Alternatively, you could provide and accept your own answer.
Answer: What you need is a router. Routers route traffic between networks, but layer-2 switches (what your switch is) do not. VLANs keep the networks separate, and to get traffic from one VLAN to another VLAN, you need a layer-3 device (router or layer-3 switch).
Your router will need a route, probably a static default route, for the interface toward the bigger network, and the router on the bigger network will need a route to the network behind your router. The easiest way to do this is to share a routing protocols with the router on the bigger network. That way, both routers can tell each other the networks about which they know. You really want fixed IP addresses for your router interfaces, if it is at all possible.
For your switch, you only use trunk interfaces for links that will have multiple VLANs crossing them. You tag the frames on a trunk link so that the switch on the other end can tell which frames belong to which VLANs. You could have one native (untagged) VLAN on a trunk, but all the other VLANs on the trunk will be tagged. Native VLANs can be a security problem, as can VLAN 1, so the recommendation is to not use native VLANs or VLAN 1.
Comment: No. Layer-2 knows nothing about layer-3, e.g. IP. Ethernet switches only look at the layer-2 frame to see the source and destination MAC addresses. They do not strip off the frame to look at the IP packets the way routers do. Routers will strip off the layer-2 frame, and use the destination layer-3 address to forward a packet to the next interface, and build a new layer-2 frame for the next interface. What I have been telling you is that you have the wrong equipment to do what you want. **You need a router or layer-3 switch.** In fact, most layer-3 switches won't do NAT either.
Comment: It came to me as a surprise. Earlier, I had an unmanaged swtich and I created a full LAN of series `10.0.0.0/24` network behind this switch. I connected one physical port of this switch to the bigger network `VLAN2` in current context and it was routing `10.0.0.0/24` network's traffic to the internet right through the bigger network. I can't imagine why such thing is not possible with cisco's switch with a lost more features and a lot more money. Also note that security is currently not my problem at them moment as I am in testing phase of a deployment
Comment: Your switch is a layer-2 switch, and layer-2 switches do not route. You need a router or a layer-3 switch (a switch with a routing module). Routers route packets between networks, but switches switch frames on the same network.
Comment: Ok, lets put it another way. Is there a way that my layer 2 switch can act as a NAT device, i.e, I can build a LAN behind the switch and it just passes my internet traffic to the other network that is using `10.103.72.0/23` network?


OpenVZ migrate and failover from NAS?

Question: Is there any supported way besides using a SAN (with one VE on a LUN) to have migration and failover in an OpenVZ cluster? From what I've read, things like NFS will not work, but I haven't seen any definitive information in English.
Answer: I did try (using 2.6.26 OpenVZ from Debian) running VE file-systems over NFS (I had vzquota disabled, but don't know if it's required) and it worked, although somewhat slowly compared to local disk performance (which is expected).
I would suggest some kind of block level fail-over instead of NFS (DRBD is already suggested), but than again your NFS NAS might be better than my test environment :-)
I can't really recommend using cluster file-system over shared storage, because I actually tried to make OpenVZ highly available using OCFS2 and HP Eva storage, but it was quite slow (partly because of storage, partly because of OCFS2) and had unpredictable performance characteristics (I think that is storage's fault).
Answer: I can't think of any reason why OpenVZ VMs over NFS wouldn't work, although I haven't tried it myself.  The problem with using NFS is that you're just moving your single point of failure from the OpenVZ server to the NFS server, so unless that's HA as well, you're not really any better off.
My favourite file storage replication mechanism is DRBD, and that should work rather nicely with something like Heartbeat to manage the failover.
Comment: DRBD is fine, but we'll be running a 16-way cluster, so it doesn't really work there, afaik. For NFS, just old mailing list posts say it doesn't work, and the wiki page http://wiki.openvz.org/NFS doesn't seem to say it's ok on the hosts.

OpenVZ migrate and failover from NAS?


how to protect the x++ source code

Question: Is there a way to protect or hide custom code written in X++ for AX customization. I have made some new custom Forms, Tables, ...etc, on AX and i would like to hide the source code of my customizatzaion.
Answer: It's not possible. You can only protect you code by using the correct layers.
You could always scramble/obfuscate your code, there are tools that do this like this one:
http://www.aximprove.co.uk/
However hiding your code or scrambling it is a bad idea. It goes agains everything AX stands for. When you create a product as an ISV, you partners have the right to extends that functionality for their customers. And when a customer wants to customize the solution that the partner provided, they also should be able to do that when they have the correct license. That would be impossible when the code is scrambled.
Also, imagine debugging that code...
No customer/partner should accept that a solution written in X++ is scrambled.
Answer: I do not believe this is possible. From whom are you trying to hide the code?
One solution to hide your code would be to completely remove the layer (.aod file) that you created your customizations on. However, this would take all of your modifications out of the application along with the code.
The only way to keep source code hidden from another user is to make sure that they do not have an X++ Source Code security license on their application.
Comment: thank you for ur ans.i want  obfuscate the x++ source code.and then add the obfuscated code to AOT in ax2012.pls ans...
Answer: Definitely you can't. The X++ code in Dynamics AX is open by definition and there is no way to obfuscate or lock the source code for users or another partners if they have a development license.
You have your code protected by layers, but it is impossible by definition to hide it.
Answer: No you can only obfuscate your code.  If you want to keep functionality private, you can put code in a .NET assembly.
Like Klaas said, almost no customer would accept this.  I personally wouldn't accept the code, and I work for a large customer.  I need to be able to debug immediately.  If your code causes an issue that stops our production, that's $150k/hour...that's why I'm on-site and available 24/7.  I doubt you can provide that guarantee too.
Comment: (plus you can just ilSpy the .net anyway)

how to protect the x++ source code


How do I bend 8-gauge copper wire?

Question: This question may be slightly off topic, but I'm hoping I'll find the expertise I need on this site. I'm making a bird feeder out of a wine bottle, and wrapping 8-gauge copper wire around the bottle. The problem is, I can't get the wire smooth because it's so thick. Does anyone know how I can manipulate the wire so it's smooth around the bottle?
Comment: Perhaps use a pipe bender.
Answer: Wire that is 8 AWG is just a smidgen over 1/8" in diameter. Copper wire is also a soft metal that actually bends fairly easily.
The trick to bending wire into a shape is to bend it around an object using the object as a mandrel. If your project is similar to producing something like the following then I think you can bend the wire simply using the bottle as the mandrel. For the tight turns at the neck of the bottle I would start by using a longer than needed length of wire at the broad part of the bottle and wrap down through the tighter and tighter turns at the neck. If you have an extra length to hold onto as you get into the tight turns it should be relatively easy to just form it around. After the bends are complete then cut off the excess foot or so of wire. In the example shown the maker actually formed a decorative ending on the wire.
Answer: Get a piece of pvc pipe about the same diameter the wine bottle. A little smaller is better. PVC has the advantage over glass of being non-breakable.
Calculate how much wire you need (# of turns times diameter, plus a few extra feet).
Drill a hole at the end of the pipe that your wire will fit through. Insert the wire and give the inserted part a good bend, so it's stuck in the pipe.
Clamp the pipe in a vice or similar and start wrapping. Start each turn by hand, then pull tight from the end of the wire with a vice-grips or similar. Pulling will get the loops tight arond the pipe. Pulling from the end will keep all wire damage localized where you can cut it off.
When you've got a long enough helix, just cut off the excess wire, and work your spring onto your wine bottle.

How do I bend 8-gauge copper wire?


Difference between wallet and mining software?

Question: What's the core difference between the mining and wallet software out there? I haven't been able to find any information on this so anything - technical or non is appreciated. Though I'm talking about the wallets that make you download the block chain as well, not the light wallets. Thank you.
Answer: The main difference is that the wallet software does not mine or add onto the blockchain as the mining software does. Mining software attempts to find a valid Proof-of-Work, i.e., find an input to the hash function such that the hash is below the target, and has the ability to output a new block if the correct answer is found.  Wallet clients download the entire blockchain, but do not mine for blocks as the mining software does.
In the past when the difficulty was low, the mining software and wallet were in the same program, but they have since split and now many versions of both wallets and mining software exist.
Answer: Mining software:
When you buy an ASIC mining machine it usually comes with a tiny computer with preinstalled software. You just configure it using a web browser and you don't need to worry about mining software.
Wallets:
Look here for a comparison of wallets: https://bitcoin.org/en/choose-your-wallet
Click on each wallet to see its strengths and weaknesses.
Answer: The main purpose of wallets is to manage your key chain, i.e. the set of private keys that allows you to spend your bitcoins. For convenience and better user experience most wallets also track the addresses of your business partners, your transactions and your Bitcoin balance. There are both wallets that do this with full knowledge of the state of the blockchain as well as completely decoupled from the blockchain state (e.g. paper wallets).
The main purpose of mining software is to find an update increment to the Blockchain's state. To that end, mining software must find a set of inputs that corresponds to a winning block hash. In the most minimal setup, as a contributor to a pool, you only need to be able to increment the nonce, to recalculate the block header, and to perform an insane amount of SHA-256d operations.


Do the GNU Rules about Nonfree Javascript apply to Server-Side JS?

Question: The page The Javascript Trap describes guidelines for making JS code free/libre. I know that this is considered mandatory in web pages, but do the same rules apply to server-side JS? For example, do I need to add license comments in my Node or Deno scripts? If so, is there something like LibreJS for the server-side?
Comment: If you're running JS server-side, then you will know where it comes from and should know what its license is. So I don't really understand your question.
Comment: @curiousdannii I think this question asks about voluntary compliance with the FSF's annotation guidelines for JavaScript, for the benefit of users of one's web service. It doesn't matter that the operator of the service knows this information, since the substance of the question is how/whether to communicate with information via annotation (i.e., the "method by which a nontrivial JavaScript program in a web page can state ..." in the linked article)
Comment: @Apsillers Right, but server-side JS isn't really a "web page" in any sense.
Comment: @curiousdannii I think that's more or less the answer to this question: the guidelines being linked to are not applicable to the server-side case in question, so there do not exist annotation guidelines for this case.
Answer: In a word: no.
The FSF advocates for LibreJS annotations because of the special place web browser scripting plays in the lives of web users. The linga franca for browser scripting happens to be JavaScript.
Server-side code gets its own consideration from the FSF but the use of JavaScript as a server-side language does not merit more consideration than any other language. In other words, if you have a service written in JavaScript and you rewrote it in another language, the FSF's recommendations pertaining to those two implementations would be identical.


Why didn't he take the kids?

Question: So why did our heroes take the crazy roller coaster mine cart ride to escape instead of just leaving with the liberated children in Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom?
Comment: **Short Round:** Sir!  The odds of us escaping alive are much better if we just follow those kids out!  **Jones:** Never tell me the odds, kid!
Comment: I cannot provide an answer contextual to the actual story that makes sense, but the film makers originally conceived this scene for 'Raiders Of The Lost Ark' which the film ultimately did not have room for or need, but they still felt the concept was cinematic enough to include in the sequel (prequel if being as pedantic as I am).
Comment: Can one of you out your comments into an answer please instead of putting it into comments?
Answer: IN UNIVERSE:  There was no other way out at the time.
After Indiana, Willie and Short Round free the children from their chains, the children start running toward the opening of the cave to escape.  While the children are escaping, Indiana gets stopped by a man and fighting ensues.
Short Round and Willie stay behind to try and save Indiana.  While we see this fight happening on the rock crushing machine, there are several bad guys standing around the same opening where the children had already escaped.  Indiana realizes this after his fight and yells at Short Round to get into the cart.  The Maharaja also knew that there was a way out through taking one of the carts:

INDIANA:  Short Round!  Quit fooling around with that kid and get into
  the cart! Now!
SHORT ROUND:  Okie dokie, Indy!
MAHARAJA:  Please listen.  To get out, you must take the left tunnel.

OUT OF UNIVERSE:  The mine cart chase scene was cut from the first film in the series, Raiders of the Lost Ark.
George Lucas wanted there to be a mine cart chase scene and could not use it in the first film, so he needed a way to create it for this film:

So, the first ideas Lucas presented for "Indy II" involved scenes that
  were cut from Raiders, including the mine car chase and the skydiving
  raft sequences. In Raiders, the mine car sequence would have taken
  place in the climax after the Ark is opened, and would have showed
  Indy and his companion, Marion Ravenwood, loading the Ark on a mine
  car to escape with the rest of the Nazis in pursuit. Modified versions
  of both sequences ended up in Temple of Doom.
Comment: I'd guess the giant mob of cute kids who were liberated were probably there because Lucas couldn't figure out a way to get Ewoks into the film, as well.

Why didn't he take the kids?


How much to store luggage at SFO for 24 hours?

Question: Say a medium-ish sized bag that weighs 50 lbs (23 kg).
Answer: I just called the Airport Travel Agency.  Bottom line: you won't know the price until you get there.  But figure $35 per bag, per day.  In our case the cost would be $70 for two bags for 10 hours.  So, it's cheaper for us to just to keep the rental car for an extra day.
Answer: There is no clear price information mentioned on the airport website. The easiest thing to do will be to call or email them. Their website provides this information:

Baggage storage is exclusively available at the Airport Travel Agency,
  located on the Departures/Ticketing Level of the International
  Terminal, near the entrance to Gates G91-G102. The Airport Travel
  Agency is open daily from 7:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. No reservations are
  required for baggage storage. All baggage is x-rayed prior to storage.
  Rates are assessed per each 24 hour period that an article is in
  storage (articles in storage for less than 24 hours will be subject to
  the 24 hour rate), and vary according to the size of the object.
  Please contact the Airport Travel Agency at 650.877.0422 or
  firstname.lastname@example.com for additional information.

SF To Do says that the typical rates vary from $15 to $35 whereas the pricing on the Airport Travel Agency Website is quite ambiguous and seems to not agree with the same. I would assume that your size luggage would cost approximately $25 but the best solution is to just ask via email.

SFO offers only one staffed location where you can store baggage.
  Airport Travel Agency, located in the Departures/Ticketing Level of
  the International Terminal, is near the entrance to Gates G91-G102.
  It offers storage for $15 to $35 per day depending on the size of
  items you are storing.
Answer: They finally put the price online:
https://www.airporttravelagency.org/airport-travel-services/
We have a five-hour layover before an international flight, so we can't checkin our luggage. Figuring with four checked-in bags and two cabin bags, we may end up with $170 luggage storage bill. Instead, we decided to rent a car to the city with our bags for $72. Beats being at the airport for 5 hours.
Comment: This works well, but keep in mind that [car break-ins are a significant problem](https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/Breaking-Point-475109113.html) in San Francisco, especially in tourist areas. Do not leave your luggage (or any other belongings) unattended in the car, as a smashed window and missing luggage would really put a damper on your travel plans.


What is the recommended age for marriage for girls as per Shastra?

Question: I remember reading that girls should be married within the age of 12. The intention of the question is not to incite a debate on the ideal age for marriage in today's world, but to know what our scriptures recommend.
Comment: See what is said about that in the Vasishtha Dharma Shastra: http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/sbe14/sbe1420.htm
Comment: @VineetMenon Smriti, though written by man, are intended to be always remembered and followed. They are the definitive guidelines for mankind for the well being to prevent wrongdoings. For each yuga, different smriti is suited. For example for kritha yuga, manu smriti is suited, for kali yuga parashara smriti is suited.
Comment: @SwamiVishwananda, saying 'Smritis change over time, place and circumstances' is like saying Time changes between Delhi, London & Tokyo. only clock does. Smriti do not 'change'. They are already set, BUT they are different for the different yugas. At beginning of creation, different laws are laid down for each yuga. Instead of saying 'Laws change over time', you should say 'Laws differ for each time'. Srutis are NOT just about Brahman, that is the Upanishads part only. Several parts of Vedas (atharva) talk about mundane events like vanquishing an enemy.
Comment: Swami Vivekananda was intensely against child marriage. The only place I have ever seen him use the word hatred about his own personal feelings was when he wrote that he had a strong hatred for it and would have nothing to do with it or anyone that condoned it. There is nothing in Sruti to condone it.
Comment: @SwamiVishwananda, "There is nothing in Sruti to condone it. " - have you read and understood all the 'Sruti's, at least the ones that survived given that majority have been lost to time?
Comment: @ram in my readings of different srutis over more than 45 years I have no recollection of it being addressed. Srutis are about Brahman and how to attain It, not about mundane human events, mundane dos and don'ts. Various smritis address it, but smritis change over time, place, and circumstances.
Comment: @SwamiVishwananda But that doesn't make sense because Sarada Ma got married when she was a child!
Comment: @SuryaKantaBoseChowdhury, yeah.. SwamiVishwananda's views seem to be arbitrarily restricted to Sruti and disregarding Smriti. And even within Sruti (Vedas), he is arbitrarily restricting to Upanishads (Brahma bhaga) and disregarding other Loukika/Karma bhagas.
Comment: Understand that in Hinduism shruti and smriti are different books. Shruti being eternal and God's words don't deal with anthropic world. Smriti (including Manusmriti, Itihasa, Purana) are written by man and hence have a limited scope and utility. So, when you are asking about jurisprudence in Hinduism which are governed by smritis, you are asking the wrong question, because religious laws in Hinduism is subjected to social and temporal scrutiny.
Comment: A more important question might be what the Vedas recommend.
Answer: Here is what this chapter of the Manu Smriti recommends:

A man, aged thirty years, shall marry a maiden of twelve who pleases him, or a man of twenty-four a girl eight years of age; if (the performance of) his duties would (otherwise) be impeded, (he must marry) sooner.

Bhishma says much the same thing in this chapter of the Anushasana Parva of the Mahabharata:

A person of thirty years of age should wed a girl of ten years of age called a Nagnika. Or, a person of one and twenty years of age should wed a girl of seven years of age.

Note that these recommendations are more binding for the lower bound rather than the upper bound. Here is what the Mahabharata translator says in a footnote:

Nagnika is said to be one who wears a single piece of cloth. A girl in whom the signs of puberty have not appeared does not require more than a single piece of cloth to cover her. The mention of Nagnika, the commentator thinks, is due to an interdiction about wedding a girl of even ten years in whom signs of puberty have appeared.
Comment: @Yogi That's why I said these recommendations are more binding for the lower bound than the upper bound.  Once both the bride and groom are relatively old, then the age difference doesn't really matter (although the groom should still be older than the bride).  As far as why child marriages are allowed, for one thing it's a way of ensuring that nothing bad happens; an unmarried girl is more likely to run off with some boy, as opposed to a girl who is already at her husband's house.  Also, it allows the bride to develop a Platonic attachment to her husband before puberty.
Comment: In the kali yuga, parashara smriti is to be taken as authority. Manu smriti is suited for Krita yuga. Referring to seventh chapter, second verse of parashara smriti: "The mother, and the father, and likewise the eldest brother, all these three relatives will go to hell, if before menstruation they neglect to marry the girl." Reference: [Parashara Smriti](https://archive.org/stream/ParasharaSmriti/SriParasharaSmrithiPdf_djvu.txt)
Comment: @SridharJammalamadaka, upper bound is probably before menopause ;)
Comment: what if a girl is say 24 or 25 years old ,scientifically she is fully grown (even at 21 she is), and the boy is 25 or 26 years old, what is problem with such marriges? Why are child marriges advocated in shastras?
Comment: I am not sure if there is no upper bound for age.
Answer: From kamakoti.org - Kanchi Periyavar - "Pradanam prak rtuh" - before puberty, which is normally around age 12 for girls.
There is also a prayaschittam for performing after puberty. You can ask your brihaspati/purohit.
The aim is to ensure that the foundation of marriage is based on innocent attraction and attachment before kama/carnal desire enters mind. In olden days, the concept of 'child marriage' did not mean 'child physical relations' which is what most people who deride it today think of.
The bride would only be sent to groom's house after puberty. Source - personal family ancestors.
Comment: I agree that child marriage didn't mean that becoming physical with the child bride is mandatory, but in a society where the status of women in the minds of the majority was (& is in certain cases) paraphrased into पुत्रार्थे क्रियते भार्या, I doubt people would even bother to restain their urges towards child brides.
Comment: it's obvious knowledge to even laymen that pre-puberty girls cannot give birth. so, those who are intent solely on progeny as per the statement पुत्रार्थे are definitely not going to have (or apply) that urge on child brides
Comment: Theoritically that's also true but a large majority of people don't tend to observe every single word of shastras & it is not uncommon for such people to hide their own sexual cravings in the name of obtaining progeny. When such people can indluge in unsavoury acts like prostitution & masturbation, there is no guarantee that they will not engage in pedophilia with child brides, especially when the dharmasastras are completely silent on the issue of the wife's consent to the act.
Answer: I don't have any opinion for this Qn. Just to be clear that, "marriage" doesn't necessarily mean "sex" with a girl. It's more of a mental bonding, where girl starts seeing her husband as her protector and master.
Presenting a reference from Mahabharata AnushAsana parva:

A person of thirty years of age should wed a girl of ten years of age called a Nagnika.1 Or, a person of one and twenty years of age should wed a girl of seven years of age. That girl who has no brother nor father should not be wed, O chief of Bharata's race, for she may be intended as Putrika of her sire.2 After the appearance of puberty, the girl (if not married) should wait for three years. On the fourth year, she should look for a husband herself (without waiting any longer for her kinsmen to select one for her). The offspring of such a girl do not lose their respectability, nor does union with such a girl become disgraceful. If, instead of selecting a husband for herself, she acts otherwise, she incurs the reproach of Prajapati herself. One should wed that girl who is not a Sapinda of one's mother or of the same Gotra with one's father. Even this is the usage (consistent with the sacred law) which Manu has declared.'3

1: Nagnika is said to be one who wears a single piece of cloth. A girl in whom the signs of puberty have not appeared does not require more than a single piece of cloth to cover her. The mention of Nagnika, the commentator thinks, is due to an interdiction about wedding a girl of even ten years in whom signs of puberty have appeared.
2 When a father happens to have an only daughter, he frequently bestows her in marriage upon some eligible youth on the understanding that the son born of her shall be the son, for purposes of both Sraddha rites and inheritance, not of the husband begetting him but of the girl's father. Such a contract would be valid whether expressed or not at the time of marriage. The mere wish of the girl's father, unexpressed at the time of marriage, would convert the son into a son not of the father who begets him but of the father of the girl herself. A daughter reserved for such a purpose is said to be a putrikadharmini or 'invested with the character of a son.' To wed such a girl was not honourable. It was in effect an abandonment of the fruits of marriage. Even if dead at the time of marriage, still if the father had, while living, cherished such a wish, that would convert the girl into a putrikadharmini. The repugnance to wedding girls without father and brothers exists to this day.
3 For understanding the meanings of Sapinda and Sagotra see any work on Hindu law civil or canonical.
Answer: According to the Vishnu Purana, it is recommended for grooms to choose brides who are a third of their age:

If he must marry, he must select a maiden who is third of his age, one who has not too much hair but is not without any, one who is not very black nor yellow complexioned and who is not from birth a cripple or deformed. (Vishnu Purana, Book III, Chapter X)
Answer: The term "nagnika" is defined in this chapter of skanda purANa:

82. Gaurī virgin is the best and most important. Rohiṇī is considered as Madhyama (middling). Rajasvalā should be known as the basest though
equal to her (Rohiṇī) image.
83. When there is no menstrual flow, she is Gaurī. When there is the flow she is Rohiṇī. If the girlhood has not fully developed she is
Kanyā. One without breasts is Nagnikā.
84. A seven-year old girl is Gaurī; nine year old is Nagnikā. Ten year old shall be Kanyā; above that she is Rajasvalā.

As many have answered, this is the "nagnika" age mentioned for marriage in anushAsana Parva of the Mahabharata and smritI texts.


Anti-debug techniques for MS-Windows?

Question: Is there any anti-debugger tricks used by malware other than interrupt INT 0x2D ? And, how do they work ? Working examples would be really nice !
Answer: @peter-ferrie compiled a very good list of anti-debugging tricks at http://pferrie.host22.com/papers/antidebug.pdf
The server for the link above seems to be down right now, but there's a copy at https://tuts4you.com/request.php?3260
Answer: Here is a good starting point on Windows anti-reverse engineering covers anti-debugging and much more:
http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/30815/An-Anti-Reverse-Engineering-Guide
Since there are so many useful websites out there I'm going to link you to them instead of just telling you about tricks and how they work. If you do have any queries on how certain tricks work on anti-debugging feel free to ask.
Useful websites / Articles:

http://www.openrce.org/reference_library/anti_reversing
http://www.woodmann.com/collaborative/knowledge/index.php/Category:Anti_Reversing_Techniques
http://www.symantec.com/connect/articles/windows-anti-debug-reference

That should be more than enough to get you going.
You could even go outside of the box and do API hooking on debugging APIs generally prefix with Dbg and located in EAT of NTDLL. There is plenty of APIs you could use.
Higher level API will be easy to bypass since they are generic across windows versions. For example IsDebuggerPresent and CheckRemoteDebuggerPresent are useless since everyone knows how easy it is to bypass in varies ways such as hooking and so on.
Here is useful website for all the internal APIs:

http://undocumented.ntinternals.net/
http://doxygen.reactos.org (Most of the APIs are accurate replicates of how Windows operates but not always the case)

So, when you hook the API let's pretend you're doing memory detour just set the trampoline to LdrShutdownProcess.
Comment: X86 architecture
windows 7 and + operating system
c/c++ and assemble
and i believe that there is no method to proctect against all debuggers so i want to protect my code against most debuggers

Anti-debug techniques for MS-Windows?


Am I studying obsolete information?

Question: I am using the ARRL General Class License Manual 7th Ed. which was published April 25, 2011.
However, I know that the National Conference of Volunteer Examiner Coordinators (NCVEC) recently released the 2015 General Class question pool. Does this mean that the ARRL manual is obsolete and I will have to get a new edition?
Answer: The question pools are available online from NCVEC:

2011 pool
2015 pool

I downloaded these and ran them through diff. These are the big changes I noticed:
Section G3E, which is about digital operating procedure, is significantly changed. There isn't anything especially new technology-wise there, but the question pool is quite different. Additionally, there are new questions related to digital modes peppered throughout other sections.
Subelements G4 and G5 have many new or rewritten electrical engineering questions. These questions are largely about electrical engineering. The fundamentals of electricity haven't changed, but the question pool has. As long as you are studying the underlying knowledge, and not trying to memorize the answers, you should be fine here.
Beyond that, there's a lot of rewording and clarification and other insignificant stuff. There are some new questions here and there, but not a lot, and they all cover the same body of knowledge covered by other questions. As always, about 70% of them can be answered with common sense.

G2B02 (B)
  What is the first thing you should do if you are communicating with another amateur station and hear a station
  in distress break in?
  A. Continue your communication because you were on the frequency first
  B. Acknowledge the station in distress and determine what assistance may be needed
  C. Change to a different frequency
  D. Immediately cease all transmissions

For the most part, I'd think the old study guide should be fine. The new pool does not go into effect until July 1, 2015. I couldn't find any online practice tests (ARRL, eHam.net, QRZ, and dozens of others offer them for free) using the new 2015 pool, but I bet by July they will be updated. I'd suggest running through that several times before you take the real test, and if you run into any problems with the new questions, remember that you can always get the current question pool online.
Answer: As for regulations no changes are forthcoming, the new access to the upcoming new band privileges will bring rules related to them. However, I doubt they will be included in the newest study material since, as of yet, they do not yet have effective dates assigned. Awaiting US Government bureaucracy to complete its requirements.
Here are the highlights of the newest changes:

The FCC on March 28 adopted rules that will allow secondary Amateur Radio access to 472-479 kHz (630 meters) and to 135.7-137.8 kHz (2,200 meters), with minor conditions.
Amateurs operating on 472-479 kHz will be permitted a maximum equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) of 5 W, except in parts of Alaska within 800 kilometers (approximately 496 miles) of Russia, where the maximum would be 1 W EIRP. [EIRP is the product of the power supplied to the antenna and the antenna gain in a given direction, relative to an isotropic antenna (absolute or isotropic gain). EIRP is equal to ERP multiplied by 1.64.]
Amateurs operating in the 135.7-137.8 kHz band will be permitted to run up to 1 W EIRP.
The FCC is requiring a 1-kilometer separation distance between radio amateurs using the two new bands and electric power transmission lines with PLC systems on those bands. Amateur Radio operators will have to notify the UTC of station location prior to commencing operations.The FCC Wireless Telecommunications Bureau will provide details on the notification process later, but ARRL is urging radio amateurs interested in operating on either band to register at the earliest opportunity, to avoid having to protect any "post-notification" PLCs.
The FCC placed a 60-meter (approximately 197 feet) above-ground-level (AGL) height limit on transmitting antennas used on 630 meters and 2,200 meters.
The bands would be available to General class and higher licensees, and permissible modes would include CW, RTTY, data, phone, and image. Automatically controlled stations would be permitted to operate in the bands.
Answer: The 2011 pool is valid and will be used for tests given through June 30, 2015. On July 1, 2015, the new pool goes into effect for the next four years. If you plan to take the test before July 1, use the current, 2011, test pool.
Answer: Broadly speaking, the rules don't change fast. The question pool revision just means that you will be asked a somewhat different set of questions on the same material. The material in the book that is about the rules, as opposed to being specifically test study material, should be largely up-to-date.
However, perhaps someone with more information could answer with whether there have been any changes to the actual regulations that would affect the contents of the book.

Am I studying obsolete information?


Does death in immediate family require a delay in child's wedding?

Question: I need some misconceptions straightened out about Jewish mourning.  I've heard some say the death of someone in the immediate family of a betrothed must delay the wedding for anywhere between 30 days to an entire year out of respect for the dead.  I've heard others say that a wedding completely overrides mourning unconditionally.   I've also heard that a person due to die just before their child's wedding can order their child to perform the wedding on schedule, overriding any prescribed interruption, since a commandment to obey parent's final wish to see his child wed should override a duty the respect nominally due to parent.  Which is right?
Comment: See the Kitzur Shulchan Aruch Siman 213 - http://www.kitzur.net/main.php?siman=213  - for the Ashkenazi Halacha. No time to summarize.
Answer: Nitei Gavriel Hilchos Aveilos 2 Chapter 15 & 16 discusses this question. From what I see the only time a wedding would get delayed is when the bridegroom or bride are themselves in formal mourning. It would definitely be delayed. In some instances until after the Shiva and in others until after the Sheloshim. Parents and grandparents who are in mourning may participate completely in a child's or grandchild's wedding. Regarding siblings, he differentiates between unmarried siblings who may participate and married siblings who can participate if they are serving, however not for the complete wedding.
Answer: Rabbi David Harrison writes:

The Jewish approach is to always give precedence to happy events over sad ones, as the happy event are with the eyes to the future, and with an understanding that although our beloved one is not among us (even though his soul is eternal) his continuance is expressed by his descendant that is building his home. On the other hand, a delay must not be rejected right away, since the tension and the bad atmosphere might harm the happiness of the event. In conclusion you must try to make the event on its date but it is definitely legitimate to delay it.


Are there any enzymes in cytoplasm to help the newly-synthesized polypeptide to form tertiary structure?

Question: Polypeptides made by ribosomes which attach to rER will go into the rER to form the tertiary structure. Those polypeptides made by free ribosomes usually stay in cytoplasm. So are there any enzymes in cytoplasm to help them to form tertiary structure?
Comment: What about the [chaperone](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaperone_(protein))?
Answer: There are several types of proteins that do this, all of which fall under the category of molecular chaperones. In particular, chaperonins such as GroEL/GroES complex in E. coli, sequester newly-formed polypeptides to allow them to fold their tertiary structure and avoid aggregation. Another widely studied class of these proteins are heat shock proteins (Hsps): these are involved generally in acclimating cells to stresses (such as heat), and some of these Hsps have been specifically implicated as chaperones. I'm a new user, so I can't post a 3rd link, but just google Heat shock proteins and you'll find plenty of information.


Lipschitz contradiction

Question: Assume that $\phi:\mathbb{R}^n\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^n$ is a smooth vector field, and assume that we can find vectors $y_k,x_k$ ($k$ positive integer) such that
$(\phi(x_k)-\phi(y_k),x_k-y_k)\geq k \mid y_k-x_k\mid^2$, where $(,)$ is the usual scalar product.
Why does this condition contradict the fact that $\phi$ is Lipschitz?
Comment: Hint: Cauchy-Schwarz. Caution: if you do not assume that $y_k\ne x_k$, your condition becomes empty.
Answer: Recall Cauchy Schwarz which says $(x,y)\leq \|x\| \|y\|$.
Then $$(\phi(x_k)-\phi(y_k),x_k-y_k)\leq \|\phi(x_k)-\phi(y_k)\| \|x_k-y_k\|$$  Since $\phi$ is Lipschitz, there exists a constant $C$ such that $$|\phi(x_k)-\phi(y_k)\|\leq C\|x_k-y_k\|$$ and hence $$(\phi(x_k)-\phi(y_k),x_k-y_k)\leq C|x_k-y_k\|^2.$$  But if we had two sequences, $x_k$, $y_k$ with $$(\phi(x_k)-\phi(y_k),x_k-y_k)\geq k\|y_k-x_k\|^2,$$ we would have to have $C>k$ for every integer $k$ which is impossible.
Hope that helps,
Note:  I assume that your statement is meant to be interpreted as "for every integer $k$ we can find $x_k$, $y_k$ ..." rather than "there exists $k$ with..." since setting $\phi$ equal to $k$ times the identity deals with the second case.
Comment: Did you read the *Caution* part of my comment? The reason why your (accepted) proof is (technically) false is instructive.

Lipschitz contradiction


Can someone provide list of trusted foundation nodes?

Question: I have my private node which keeps disconnecting from my public node. So I need list of trusted foundation nodes which i can connect to my private node so my private node uptime does not hamper if 1 or 2 connections breaks.
Answer: Command to add trusted nodes to config
This is how I configure the node to use these "trusted nodes". I added the command to open up to 500 connections which can be left out of course:
<code>./tezos-node config update \
--peer="dubnodes.tzbeta.net:9732" \
--peer="franodes.tzbeta.net:9732" \
--peer="sinnodes.tzbeta.net:9732" \
--peer="nrtnodes.tzbeta.net:9732" \
--peer="pdxnodes.tzbeta.net:9732" \
--connections 500
</code>
Comment: Please note that this will not get all the individual nodes behind those DNS names. See my answer for an alternative.
Answer: Here is whats in my consig.json:
<code>"dubnodes.tzbeta.net ", "franodes.tzbeta.net ", "sinnodes.tzbeta.net" , " nrtnodes.tzbeta.net"
</code>
Answer: Here is the full list given by the maintainer of the foundation nodes:
<code>dubnodes.tzbeta.net
franodes.tzbeta.net
sinnodes.tzbeta.net
nrtnodes.tzbeta.net
pdxnodes.tzbeta.net
</code>
I use those mainly.
Answer: Behind the known DNS addresses are several individual IPs with the nodes. Therefore you should use dig (from package dnsutils on debian) to connect to all of them.
When running a node in private mode, you also need to trust the address first.
Also it might be a good idea to put these nodes into your default config. See the commented alternative line.
<code>  # get foundation nodes
  for i in dubnodes franodes sinnodes nrtnodes pdxnodes; do
      for j in `dig $i.tzbeta.net +short`; do
        # assume default port
        address="[$j]:9732"
        # trust new address if in private mode
        tezos-admin-client -A localhost trust address "${address}"
        tezos-admin-client -A localhost connect address "${address}"
        # alternative: Add to node config
        # tezos-node config update --peer="${address}"
      done
  done
</code>