How do I log out of all Stack Exchange accounts at once?

Question: So far I've started using Super User, Stack Overflow, Ask Ubuntu and Photography on the Stack Exchange network. Every time I log into one of them (with Google ID) and go to another one of these four sites, I automatically get a message on the top of the page saying I'm already logged in so all I need is to refresh the page and that's it. However, when I want to log out it's a whole different story. I have to enter each site and log out separately. Nothing seems to do it; I've tried going to stackexchange.com but logging out from there only logs me out of -you guessed it- stackexchange.com. Is there a way to do it?
Comment: On a separate note, logging out of StackOverflow seemed to have me logged out of SuperUser chat room. Means the chat rooms are logged out across sites.
Comment: I've been frustrated by this problem for a long time, and maintain that Jeff's response to that MSO thread is inadequate. Supposedly it's since been fixed but from my testing it doesn't actually log you out of everywhere.
Comment: @Sathya that's silly - it shouldn't matter what OpenID provider you're using.
Comment: Nice catch! It does the same for me. I wonder if this is a bug... And for the record, I'm using Google as well for my login.
Comment: Duplicate: http://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/73686/log-out-of-all-stack-exchange-sites-with-linked-account-simultaneously
Comment: Same for me using OpenID
Comment: It does, if you use Stack Exchange as the OpenID which you & @nhinkle don't seem to be using
Comment: @nhinkle It believe it does, because you aren't logging out of the openID provider, just the site(ie stackexchange sites). When you visit the site back again, the auto login kicks in & you're back. (note: My understanding, take it with a pinch of salt if must)
Comment: No - it doesn't query your OpenID provider every time it loads the page. Once you authenticate through your OpenID provider, the rest of everything authentication-related is between your browser and SE.
Answer: Ideally stackexchange websites would provide a logout button that worked, of course.
However: if you close all tabs visiting stackexchange websites, and all tabs visiting relevant authentication websites (e.g. myopenid, google websites), and then delete all the relevant persistent browser state, that will do it reliably.
Relevant state consists of cookies, and HTML 5 local storage (stackauth.com).  There are other types of other persistent state also (notably flash local storage), but I don't think stackexchange uses that other state.  Most browsers have a search box somewhere into which you can type "stack" and see all the relevant state and quickly delete it.
There are likely extensions for your browser that will do that for you with fewer clicks.
Comment: I already know one can log out from sites by deleting the cache. How do you think I log out of Facebook, Twitter, Google and Livemocha when I'm using a public computer? The thing is, in my own personal computer I don't want to erase the history every time just to save a few seconds. There should be an easier, faster way.
Comment: @the.midget If this is your personal computer, I see no need to logoff.
Answer: An alternative answer: use a different browser profile.  This is less impractical than it sounds: profiles are quick to create.  This answer gives the relevant firefox command invocation:
how to fix firefox command line arguments launched by the start menu's search box?
Comment: @the.midget try not to insult users answers, he did out effort into it
Comment: Ok, now this is helpful, not like your previous answer which nevertheless was +1'd by myself as well...
Comment: @simon-sheehan Ok, Simon, you're right; however, I did not insult his answer, I simply said it wasn't helpful. Won't do it again anyway.


What is meant by openings with lot of theory versus those with little or none?

Question: I just started playing chess one week ago. I've done a bit of reading but can't find anything that explains what is meant by openings with a lot of theory versus ones with a little or no theory. Can this be explained in
a "chess for dummies " language?
Comment: Openings with a lot of theory are those that have been played extensively by the top players, leading these players to work out in detail how to play basically every plausible line in them. A good rule of thumb is "popular opening=lots of theory".
Answer: In chess, "opening theory" or just "theory" means "established opening lines": usually lines that have been studied and judged to lead to more or less equal positions, and appear in books.
It's unfortunate terminology since it matches neither the day-to-day meaning of the word (something that's contrasted to practice) nor the meaning used in game theory. But we're stuck with it.
While "opening" sometimes refers to a specific line, it's better to think of it as a game tree, that is, a collection of lines with a common origin. Openings with "lots of theory" are those with large game trees. This is usually a combination of two factors: long lines (the tree is deep) and lots of variations (the tree is wide, with a lot of branches).
Openings that are popular among top players will be studied more so will tend to have longer book lines. Openings that lead to positions with a lot of good moves will have lots of variations, while openings with forced moves will naturally have fewer variations.
In short, openings with lots of theory are those with more pages in opening books.
For example, Mastering the Chess Openings devotes 75 pages to the Sicilian Opening, and only 10 to the Caro-Kann. So we could say that the Sicilian has more theory than the Caro-Kann. Of course, different books will give you different numbers, but you get the idea.
Answer: Openings with a lot of theory are those with extremely long book lines, especially if there are lots of viable moves at each point in the game. Here's an example of such a line. Ten moves into the game, White plays a subtle move order to provoke a non-obvious pawn move by Black, in order to get a slightly stronger initiative. If you didn't know anything about theory you would have little to no chance of spotting this subtlety, but if you do, then you can gain an advantage over those who don't.
The reverse is the case for openings with little theory. For obvious reasons people play moves such as 1.b3 a lot less than 1.e4 or 1.d4. As a result, 1.b3 is much less explored, and there is less theory.
Comment: This is somewhat inaccurate. It's not only about the tree depth, it's also the tree breadth. E.g., after 1. e4 d5 2. Nc3 there are practically only 2 moves played by masters: 2...dxe4 and 2...Nf6. Sure, it's not a popular opening at high-level, but it's not like this position hasn't been studied enough; there are simply no other good moves. See my answer.
Answer: "Opening theory" should be seen as the constant, somewhat-like-scientific search for a way to force an advantage for white in the opening. People interested in theory write opening books and opening articles that don't just repeat what was already published before, but that try to improve on the already known theory -- new tries for an advantage for white, new ways to equalize for black.
All those published works taken together (books, DVDs, articles, published analysis of games, et cetera) form "opening theory".
Some openings, like the Open Sicilian (1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6/Nc6/e6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4) have have lots of attention in the past, with piles and piles of books on it published. Many times it seemed white was better, always new ways for black to equalize were found. Whereas say the Ponziani (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.c3) has basically always been considered equal and therefore hasn't got much attention.
Practical players also use this theory to prepare these games. If the opening is very sharp, with many published lines leading to either checkmate or a draw by perpetual check depending on details you can't find with a few minutes worth of thinking, and your opponents may have memorized them -- then you better memorize them too, or find another opening. Chess players buy lots of opening books and try to memorize them.
But practical players also prepare and study openings not with the goal of getting an advantage, but with getting a playable game that they'll understand better. E.g. opening theory says that after 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.Nc3 e6, 5.cxd5 is bad -- black can play 5...exd5 and develop his pieces more easily than when the white is not on f3 yet, say with 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.cxd5. So you won't find much about that line in opening books, but strong players do play it! And they will win if they understand the resulting positions better than their opponent. It just isn't opening theory.
Answer: Naturally, the heft of opening theory must pay more attention to lines which generate imbalances. Quiet, balanced openings present less immediate concern (and fewer opportunities for opening theoreticians -- who depend upon asymmetric threats to narrow their path of study).
To illustrate with a simple example, consider the exchange variation of the Ruy Lopez (1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Bxc6 dxc6 etc). Why would white spend two of his first four moves to prematurely surrender the light-squared bishop for black's knight? The goal is to weaken black's pawn structure (if white manages to exchange all remaining officers, the pawn endgame is won).
It did not take long for opening theory to judge that black's bishop pair (and superiority on the light squares) provides more than enough resources to hold the balance (and the drawish nature of rook endings tends to mitigate the risk). That's why most white players do not capture on c6.
In fact, black players rarely play 3...a6 anymore, because the counter-attacking 3...Nf6  offers even more imbalances (read: opportunities to profit by opening study -- the ensuing "Berlin Wall Variation" has all but ended favoritism for the Ruy Lopez).
Today, computers can provide a instantaneous answer to most opening questions, and as a result, memorizing piles of computer output yields diminishing returns.
If you want to drive a Ferrari, be prepared to devote considerably more time/money keeping it up. Opening theory is just that -- a gathering of enthusiasts in a car garage, forever talking of ways to increase horsepower of their prized opening.
Comment: Thanks that is helpful. Just want to be sure I really get it. So in summary would it be accurate to say that openings with a lot theory have  certain agreed upon moves that are more "predictable" and openings with little or no theory are open to different interpretations making them somewhat less predictable?


Is is possible to migrate my question from SU to SO?

Question: Is it possible to migrate my question manually (without waiting for 5 votes to close) from Superuser to Stackoverflow? I asked the question on SU at first, but now I realize that only Stackoverflow users could help me because my question concerns programming side.
Link to the question
Answer: I believe your question, as currently written, is inappropriate for Stack Overflow, and I've declined to migrate it.  Let's leave it as it is on Super User.
Please post a new question to Stack Overflow instead.  You will want to follow @Gnoupi's suggestions for rewriting so your post won't get closed on Stack Overflow.  Try to be as specific as possible.
Thanks for asking this question, and for flagging your SU question for moderator attention.  This is the right process to go through.  Good luck with your question!
Answer: You can flag it for moderator attention and explain why you want it migrated.
Answer: Note that this question is good for Super User as it is.
If it gets migrated on Stack Overflow, you should emphasize the fact that you want to modify the sources, more than the initial ask.
You could as well just remove the "I'm ready to modify the sources" part on the SU question, and ask it again, simply, on Stack Overflow, but centered on "how to modify the sources". Maybe in the future someone will come with a solution on SU without modifying the sources. (Of course I thought about that only after casting my migration vote)


Browser extension to automatically cache all links

Question: Is there any software on mobile or desktop which when a page is loaded, it'll automatically go through all the links and download the pages, so that if I do hit that link, it'll load instantaneously?
Comment: So basically you want the opposite of [How to stop Firefox from automatically making connections without my permission](https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/how-stop-firefox-automatically-making-connections) (see "Prefetching")?
Answer: It is most likely impossible (except in very narrow situations, like your corporate intranet) to improve your browsing experience with this method.
While it is of course technically possible to pre-fetch all links on all pages it will slow down your Internet connection so much that you will most likely have to wait longer for the next page to load, then less.
Example: On this very page there are 176 links. If each of them has 60kB (which is the size of the HTML-Part of this very site) then you have to download ~10mB in HTML per page that you visit. Add to that the amount of Images, CSS, JavaScript and all other media linked on all pages that are linked on any page that you visit and you quickly come to hundreds of megabyte PER PAGE that you visit.
So: There is no such software because its not possible to solve the problem you want to solve with the software you describe.


N'importe quoi: What does it mean and how is it used?

Question: Can someone explain the meaning and common usages of this phrase? I hear it often and am not entirely sure I always understand it. Does it mean something like English's "whatever" or "bullshit"? Is it said flippantly? Angrily? I would love to see some examples of situations or usages of the phrase so I can get a better grasp on it.
Comment: Just for the record, it is very often abbreviated in slang or casual contexts (*C'est n'imp' ! / Il a fait n'imp'.*).
Comment: @RomainVALERI I haven't heard *n'imp* that much but more common casual/slang derivatives are [*nawak*](https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/nawak) and [*portnawak*](https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/portnawak).
Comment: @jiliagre I guess we can agree slang terms often have a strong local component (depending heavily on areas/countries) and probably also age. Sometimes even siblings with a few years gap don't use the same slang. In Lorraine during a decade or two you couldn't walk 3 meters without hearing *n'imp'* and many variants around it, where *nawak* was just unheard (different thing today, it has gained usage here also). And I would be surprised that the contrary isn't true somewhere else...
Answer: Bullshit
N'importe quoi can mean Bullshit.

— Les poules peuvent voler.
     — N'importe quoi !

Could be translated in (without sounding as rude as in English in my opinion)

— Chicken can fly.
      — Bullshit!

But you can also use it for all wrong

— Tu as fait n'importe quoi!

Meaning

— You did it all wrong!

(Literally "You did whatever randonmly occurred to you")
Whatever / I don't mind
If you want to use it as whatever or I don't mind, you shall use peu importe or n'importe

— Que veux-tu manger ?
     — Peu importe.
— Tu veux t'asseoir devant ou derrière ?
     — N'importe.

Meaning

— What do you want to eat?
    — Whatever.
— Do you want to sit at the rear or at the front?
    — I don't mind.

What a nonsense
As suggested by RomainVALERI in the comments, n'importe quoi can also be used for pointing out how nonsensical / shameful something is.

— Ils ont réussi à faire de la pub dans les écoles ! C'est n'importe quoi...

which could be translated as

— They managed to put advertising material in schools! What a nonsense...
Comment: Great answer. However "Whatever/I don't mind" is not using `N'importe quoi` :) You missed the meaning "anything": I will add it.
Comment: I am French and you can't use "N'importe" alone, maybe you wanted to say "peu importe"
Comment: Do you think there is "Je ne suis pas en contact avec n'importe qui qui est coupable. Is le promon relatif "qui, que, or dont" used after "n'importe qui"? No one mentions this case. Yes or no, why???
Answer: "N'importe" basically expresses a "non-choice".
Il ferait n'importe quoi pour elle : He'd do any/everything for her.
Donne lui n'importe quoi et il est heureux : Anything you give him makes him happy.
Note that "n'importe" can be used with other words, with the same "non-choice" meaning :

N'importe où
Il irait n'importe où avec elle. He'd go anywhere with her.
N'importe comment
Elle s'habille n'importe comment.  She can't dress.
N'importe quand
Venez n'importe quand, on est toujours là. Come by whenever you feel like, we are always home.
N'importe qui
À qui veux-tu parler? — N'importe qui. Who do you want to talk to? To anyone.
  On ne va pas engager n'importe qui. We can't hire just anyone.
Idiomatic expression :
  Ce n'est pas n'importe qui. She/He is an important person.
N'importe lequel/laquelle/lesquels/lesquelles
Quelle voiture veux-tu? — N'importe laquelle. Which car do you want? — Any car will do.
N'importe quel/quelle/quels/quelles
Ça ne se vend pas dans n'importe quel magasin. They dont sell that just in any shop.
Comment: Ça ne répond pas à la question posée.
Comment: @StéphaneGimenez L'expression  "n'importe quoi" sert à exprimer de façon très familière une réaction pour dire qu'on ne croit pas ce qu'on nous dit (que c'est des « bêtises »). La réponse acceptée le dit très bien d'ailleurs, je n'ai rien à y redire.
Comment: @Laure: Mais quel point de vue limité !  Comme indiqué dans cette réponse et les autres, *n'importe quoi* a beaucoup d'autres usages.
Comment: @Laure: Ah bon? Il me semble que si.
Comment: @StéphaneGimenez À moins que j'ai mal lu, ce qui est toujours possible, je ne vois pas où cette réponse donne le sens de l'expression "n'importe quoi".
Comment: @Laure: Dans ce cas des exemples en contexte sont la meilleure façon de se familiariser avec l'expression est c'est *précisément* ce que l'OP recherchait. L'idée de non-choix n'est pas inutile non plus pour comprendre l'expression.
Answer: The "basic" translation is whatever.
For the more idiomatic use I guess almost literal translations like:

Nobody is thinking about what it is like
(almost) anything possible
Whatever (you can imagine)

can give a hint. Moreover the expression is ueds in a negative way, meaning that someone is making almost all he/she can to achieve his/her worst :)
Some other translation could be

All the worst you can think of

even if it is a bit too strong, since "N'importe quoi" can be used also in an ironic/joking context.
Answer: The actual meaning is meant for someone who doesn't know what he or she is talking about. 'N'importe quoi' literally means 'Anything' or 'Whatever.' You would normally use it to indicate to a person that they sound ignorant or like an idiot.
Example: When someone gives a ridiculous explanation for something, you would answer: N'importe quoi.
Another example would be if you had no preference for something, then you would answer, N'importe quoi, as in 'whatever' or 'anything.'
I hope this helps.
Comment: Welcome to the site. Although this answer is fine, please keep two things in mind: (1) Very old questions with accepted answers are probably better left as they are. (2) Even if an answer is correct, if it mostly covers the same ground as another answer, it might be better to add any extra material as a comment to an existing one. Thanks!
Comment: If we have no preference, we use "n'importe lequel / laquelle" or "peu importe". You can't use "n'importe quoi" here, it will sound like if you was saying the other person is wrong. Actually you can but only if you give a condition after with "tant que" or "du moment que" for example "Donne moi n'importe quoi tant que c'est bon" => "Give me anything while it is good"


Compiz consuming lot of cpu when display is off in 12.04

Question: I just upgraded to 12.04 this weekend, and since the upgrade, whenever the screen is turned off (after 5 min of inactivity), the fan starts to run like crazy, making a lot of noise. When I get back to my computer and the screen is turned on again, it's silent again.
Obviously I can't see what's happening when the screen is off, but leaving top open in a terminal window, I see that compiz is taking 50+% of cpu right after the screen is turned on again. This seems quite an excessive load for compiz, given that the screen is off :).
It quickly goes down to about 5% after that. There are spikes up to about 25% during normal use, but no excessive fan whirring noise.
Additional info: I have a Sony Vaio laptop with an i5 processor and an ATI Radeon video card. I have installed the Additional Drivers for the ATI card, but the problem also occurred when I hadn't installed them yet. I have a dual monitor setup with my laptop screen and a separate monitor connected through VGA in different resolutions. In the Catalyst Control Center, I have set the Display Manger settings to "Multi-display desktop".
I used this exact same set-up in 11.10 with no problems. Also, when I upgraded to 12.04, I did a fresh install, where I cleared the disk before installing Ubuntu. (Although I left the Windows partition intact.)
Any idea what migth be causing this, or, more importantly, how I can fix it? The sound of the fan when I'm not using the computer is really annoying.

(My problem seems to be related to this one, but in my case it only happens when the display is turned off, and also it didn't happen in 11.10, so this issue seems to be different enough to get its own question.)
Comment: I have filed a bug report (https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/compiz/+bug/995118) on what I think is the identical problem. Maybe you can add that you are also affected.
Comment: @Andy Thanks for the heads up! I added my support.
Comment: A working solution is described [here](http://askubuntu.com/a/162913/5786) - I hope it helps you as much as it helped me!
Answer: Same problem. As a workaround I've installed XScreenSaver and it helps :).
Comment: Lol ... not really the solution I was looking for. But I'll give you a +1 for originality :).


Is there a convenient way to manually copy the Log Shipping *.trn files from one SQL 2008 server to another?

Question: We have a remote SQL 2008 server (ServerB) that needs to keep a warm (15 minute interval is OK) copy of production data (ServerA). ServerA is also SQL 2008. Log Shipping looks like it will do the job. We can only get to the destination ServerB with remote desktop. Is there a way to set this up when we can't get to both servers from one Management Studio? We want to be able to temporarily (until a VPN is setup between our network and the ServerB network) manually export a small .trn file, copy it via remote desktop to ServerB and then manually import those transactions from the .trn file. My supervisor says he saw a post saying this is possible. We were just trying to avoid doing a full database backup and copying that every time. Thanks in advance for any suggestions on this.
Answer: It's probably a little late but the easiest way I know to do this is to set up Log Shipping to generate the backup files. When you want to transfer the files start the Remote Desktop program, select options, Local Resources tab, Local Devices and Resources - more, select the local drive you want to map the other server.
Once you've connected to the other server the local drive will be visible and you can access and copy the backup files over. You may also need to manually apply these as you won't be able to configure the log shipping restore jobs on this server.


Looking for advice on my self-taught music education

Question: Until a year ago, I had absolutely no music education, and I decided to change that around this period, well more exactly I picked up on (acoustic) guitar as a hobby and from there gained interest in knowing more about music. And so I discovered some theory: scales, chords, keys, harmony, melody and rhythm on websites and in some books. I also followed Wright lectures "Listening to music" http://oyc.yale.edu/ and read the first chapters of his book on this course (or vice-versa). I've gained knowledge but I'm not sure about the next steps, should I try applying it on my guitar ans starting to transcribe/compose? Listen the most to the broadest set of music genres? Start focusing on one? I'm a bit lost in my learning path, and would be glad to hear some suggestions.
Comment: What are your goals?  Without anything specific to go on I think your question is pretty much addressed by this one: [What are good resources for learning music theory?](http://music.stackexchange.com/q/1439/28)
Comment: If I had to write down a goal it would be being learning the most of jam blues. But I wouldn't be surprised to see it change in a few weeks as I'd be learning new material and maybe discovering new interests.
Answer: The first thing to consider is, whatever the goals you set, you will get there faster if you play with an ensemble and with an audience.
Playing with other people (preferably better than you, which, given your lack of experience so far, should be easy) gives you a measure against which you can measure yourself, and a set of people who can (hopefully in friendship) point out your failings. You also will clearly identify failings, as in joining in, you identify and are mortified by the point where you fail.
Playing in front of people put stakes to the situation. If you're jamming in a basement, you can start over again several times, and you can throw clams like a fisherman, but if you are in front of an audience, you can't.
As for the specifics, music is organizing sounds over time, and your sense of time is unlikely to be musical. A good exercise for working on this is to mute the strings of your guitar and try to strum along to the rhythm of the songs on the radio, or on a random Pandora stream, or whatever.
Good luck.
Answer: Interesting question.  All of our modern western music stems from western classical music.  I believe that the fastest and most effective way to learn the fundamentals of triads, diatonic chords, progressions, harmony, voice-leading, and chord-scale relationships is through the study of traditional classical music.
You don't necessarily have to play classical music, although that would certainly reinforce certain ideas.  Studying and listening to classical music should be enough to help you get a grasp on the basics.  I say classical music because it adheres very closely (for the most part) to a strict set of principles and rules that lay the foundation for all music.  First learn the rules.  Then learn how to break them.
The next logical step in furthering your musical education would be jazz theory.  Rock, blues, country, and folk etc. are all fantastic music genres, but they didn't break new ground musically like jazz did.
Music theory can become an extremely complex beast to tackle.  Use it for what it's worth, but never let the music stop being music.
Comment: Classical music is a terrible way to pick up theory, and simply playing classical pieces will not do it. Many serious, long time classical music students can't follow a pop tune or improvise, because for years, they have just been following notes. If you tell them that the smooth jazz tune on the radio is based on a parallel mixolydian and natural minor scale, you will get blank stares, or "how can you tell that?"
Comment: If you're a newbie, study pop music. Pop music composition takes a shamelessly cookie cutter approach. The tunes are simple and when they do something neat (say, harmonically, borrowed from jazz or classical music) they make it obvious. You can learn a heck of a lot from the Beatles before you hit the Beethoven.
Comment: Ok I have a quick experience with blues (I did a workshop couple of months ago, but I only knew a couple of chords and almost no theory at the time so I couldn't get the most of it) but I'm thinking about going through Justin's blues rhythmic guitar lessons on justinguitar.com . Maybe I should aim at that before entering in jazz, which really obscure for me and seems really dense and requiring much more theoretical notions.
Answer: The best thing you can do short of entering a formal musical education program is hire a tutor.
If there are any community colleges or universities around, inquire about tutoring.  It's been my experience that most have tutoring services available to non-students and they are usually rather good.  A community college will also let you enroll as a part-time student or a student at large which will allow you to take lessons through their music program (I recommend this as the best option) without having to go through the application process or committing to a degree program.
A tutor or instructor will help you correct bad playing habits much more effectively and give you a great deal more direction in your learning, which will make the process far more enjoyable and efficient.


How to straighten 32L axles?

Question: I have a number of the 32L technic axles, but most of them have some bend to them.  Is there a straight-forward way to straighten these?  Trying to bend them by hand has not seemed to change anything, and I'm afraid I'm going to snap them if I try harder.
Comment: There's still value in getting them straight, even if it's just for the visual aspect.  I might also try using them in a high-speed-low-torque application, or maybe put a bunch of worm gears on them to create a leadscrew or something.
Comment: As a side note, I'm not sure these axles were ever intended as real Technic parts and I'm fairly confident they won't handle a lot of torque (considering even shorter axles can easily twist when using a PF XL motor).
Answer: I'd suggest storing them straightened up for a while, if possible in 32 adjoining 1x2 bricks with cross hole, and add a few layers of bricks to hold them in place. At least it's a pure LEGO solution, but I'm not sure how efficient.
Comment: I tried this, with 32 of those bricks, and left one of most egregiously bent axles in it for about 2 weeks.  I couldn't tell that it made any difference.  I'll try the hot water approach next.
Comment: Do you mean [this](http://www.bricklink.com/catalogItem.asp?P=32064) part? I could imagine that would work. If you don't have enough you could just place one at each end and at regular intervals along the way.
Comment: Yes, that's exactly what I meant. I didn't have a computer with me at [Skaerbaek](http://www.fanweekend.dk/) I didn't bother adding an image or link - that's fixed now.
Answer: I have had some success straightening bent train level crossing gate barriers by first immersing the pieces in a bowl of hot water*, for around 5 minutes to soften the plastic and then immediately trapping them between two hardback books and applying weights until they have cooled.
So by using Joubarc's method to hold the axles straight combined with a pre-soak you may get better results.
*LEGO is plastic and plastic can melt, you only want to soften the plastic not melt it further out of shape. See this question for more.
Comment: I brought a bowl of water to a boil in the microwave, waited for it to stop boiling, then poured into a tumbler, then soaked the bent half of the axle in the water for 2 minutes, then "quickly" put the 32 cross-hole bricks on it and set it up as Jourbarc described, and let it sit for a couple of nights.  The axle, while still noticeably bent, appears to be less bent than it was.  After I've applied this technique to the rest of the bent axles, I may attempt a second application.
Comment: Apparently you can [soften plastic dice by putting them a few seconds in a microwave](http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/RandomNumberGod) (check the "Real Life" section) - maybe it would help with LEGO, but I'm not sure I would want to try it myself (especially if the warm water approach works fine enough).
Answer: I know that this is an old question, but I recently purchased a set with these in it, and they were bent like you describe when I took them out of the box.
Lego were kind enough to send me replacements for free.
Answer: I got one severely curved 32L axle which I straightened with hot water in a plastic tub.
Leaving the axle in water about 70-80°C for a few minutes managed to do most of the straightening job.
Try not going much above 80°C as otherwise you reach the temperature at which ABS will start to become rubbery (used in injection moulding). At about 95-
105°C your part's shape will be ruined because of 'melting'.
To further straighten the axle, I repeatedly put the axle in hot water for 2-3minutes, then slightly "over-bent" the axle (to overcompensate the remaining curvature), and then keeping the axle held this way under running cold water for half a minute. This way the axle becomes rigid again, in the desired shape.
On subsequent iterations I applied the same method very locally to cancel out remaining local curvature.
Eventually the axle can be straightened enough for it to do its intended job again. It took me no more than 20 minutes.

How to straighten 32L axles?


Is there a contrast between Trofimov and Lopakhin in Anton Chekhov's 'The Cherry Orchard"?

Question: I am an intern who is teaching in high school in India. In the syllabus, I got across Anton Chekhov's "The Cherry Orchard" in Hindi. After discussing the book with the students, I found out that there were two groups in the discussion. A group supporting Trofimov and the main character, well other said Lophakhin. In the book, Lopakhin is a realist, while Trofimov is an idealist. This inquiry is very interesting, and there are no online sources to the topic of the contrast between these two characters. So, If you have any opinion or interpretation, please share.
Comment: "A group supporting Trofimov and the main character, well other said Lophakhin." Could you explain why each group supported their character? That would help us give you better answers.
Comment: Excellent question.  Welcome to Lit!
Answer: When you mention the "main character", I'm going to assume you are referring to Madame Ranyevskaya. (Checkov's plays tend to be ensemble pieces, and I'm not sure it's useful to designate a main character, but Madame R. may qualify as the central character in that everything revolves around her, and she is the symbol for the vestigial aristocracy that was at the center of the social upheaval taking place in Russia around and after Checkov's time.)
Regarding Trofimov vs. Lopakhin

Trofimov is an idealist because he is young, inexperienced, and has a lot of free time
Lopakhin is a pragmatist because he has more experience, and comes from a lower social class without the luxury of leisure

Don't forget that, towards the end of his life, Checkov declared his plays farces and they are undoubtedly comic, which accounts for their bittersweet quality.  Most great tragedy contains comic elements, either wordplay or irony, but Checkov merges the two forms better than most.


Can women use a recorded version of the Salah from a nearby mosque?

Question: Most of the Muslim women and a considerable number of old and disabled slaves of Allah cannot leave home or go to the mosque for reasons relevant to them. It is of course rational for them to pray from home and even the Shariah gives the permission. But for greater sawab (heavenly reward) of Jama'ah and in the special occasions as that of Taraweeh which they cannot perform on their own. Can these people use an audio-recorded version of the Salah from a nearby mosque?
Comment: 99.99% percent is way too much. In my city there are special tarawees held only for women. Most of the women living in the vicinity come to pray.
Comment: i agree 99.99 percent is a very large number i would say 70% of women in my town go to taraweeh so in which area would the 99.99% of women be staying at home?
Comment: @NesreenA, Why are we discussing about 99.99% here? It was just a gross number meaning "most of the women". For all of your happiness, I'll edit the question.
Comment: Interesting profitable query. Jazak Allah Khaira dear mate.
Answer: You don't have to be in Jama'h to get the swab of it if you're sick or a woman. It depends mostly based on Intention. Many participate Jamaat but have no sawab because for example they are hypocrite. Also For women the sawab rules are different men and you should first make sure the Hadith you use is equal about both man and woman.
I saw a Hadith for women the nearest position to Allah is when they are at corner of their home.
Also for disabled. Indeed Allah see and know internal intentions. When you have an intention and for any reason cannot do it Allah will give you the sawab.
Also woman has some sawab that men do not have. For example a Hadith says the Jihad of them women is to treat their husband well.


What is the difference between 'pat him on the back' and 'pat his back'?

Question: In the TV shows or something, I've come across that kind of sentences. And make me wonder.
why won't say just 'I pat his back'. it's shorter than 'pat him on the back'.
and what situation would people say with the latter sentence 'pat him on the back' and could you give me more examples related to mine?
(I hit him in the eyes.. or I hit his eyes.)
Comment: and further question about ' I hit him on his head ' or 'in his head'. it sounds a bit brutal. Lol.
Answer: Looking at your examples, I feel that you are talking about some actions to be done on others.
Pat him on the back will be used with the preposition 'on' for a solid reason: it is an idiom and we use idioms as they are.
When you are performing some action on someone's organ, it has to be specified. Patting happens on someone's shoulder; hitting happens in someone's eyes considering that eyes were open then.
The safest way is to refer some dictionary and check whether it's an idiom/phrase. In other cases, I feel that the preposition is to be mentioned. Another example is kick on his ____ over kick his ____.
Answer: It means

Praise given to a person for an achievement or a job well done.

Pat him on the back is would be better for this.

The coach patted each player on the back after the game.
The teacher patted all the students on the back for their good work.
Let's give them a pat on the back for doing a good job.
Answer: There's no real "why" in all of this. It's just how English is. And sometimes it can go either way. I can say "I punched him in the arm" or "I punched his arm." Other expressions are less lenient.
However, there is a peculiarity in the language around this. If you "pat him on the back," then you patted him. The body part is secondary information. If you "pat his back," then a morbid-minded person might wonder how his back had become detached from the rest of his body.
This is especially true with "head" and "eyes." If you "hit his head," there's a real possibility that he'd been decapitated, and you are just taking out your extra aggression on his now-lifeless head.
But ultimately, it's just the language. In English, I would say "I wash my hands." In French, I would say "je me lave les mains," which literally means "I wash myself the hands." So this linguistic thing with people and their body parts isn't unique to English. The linguists among us may even have a name for it.


How can I know that my transaction has been confirmed on the longer chain?

Question: This question is more on the theory of bitcoin.  Let's say I receive a coin in a tx which has been confirmed with 6 blocks following the block that's been confirmed.  How can I be sure that there's no other place in cyberspace that has a longer chain  confirming a different transaction that transfers this coin to somebody else?
Answer: Building a chain longer than the best chain would require someone to have more Proof of Work hashpower than 51% or more of the total Bitcoin network hashpower.
The unlikelihood of this happening is the guarantee that the longest chain is the best chain.
To build a one block longer chain you'd have to assemble a block and find a nonce that produces a target less than or equal to the network target. Otherwise Bitcoin Core will discard your block as invalid. So to build a chain that is just 1 block longer than the current best chain you'd need massive amounts of hashpower, electricity, infrastructure and tens of millions of U$ investment. Again, all this for just one block.
The astronomic amount of work put into mining each block protects Bitcoin's consensus mechanism and assures everyone that the longest chain is correct.
If your TX was included in a block with depth 6 it means that for approximately one hour (~ 6 x 10 minute blocks) that chain where the block that holds your TX was included had the most work put into it all over the world.
There could be some other place where someone created an artificial chain with your TX in it but that chain will never be able to be longer than the main chain - unless they beat the network to find the next block. If they're unable to, then that chain will get ignored by everyone else in the network. That's how you know the TX you see on block explorers is in the longest/best chain.
For a more detailed reply you should read Antonopoulos' book (Mastering Bitcoin).
Answer: You can't be sure that there is not a longer chain somewhere else, since someone could work on another chain without telling anyone about it. It just becomes increasingly unlikely the more confirmations your transaction has.


Tab completion for commands

Question: I've noticed on the Desktop version when typing commands like sudo apt-get install mysq I can tab complete like when resolving file paths. However in the server edition this does not happen. Is there a package I need for this, or a configuration file to make this happen?
Answer: That's strange, maybe package bash-completion is what you're looking for?
Answer: Check your ~.bashrc file. Last para of mine reads as follows:
# enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable
# this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile
# sources /etc/bash.bashrc).
if [ -f /etc/bash_completion ] && ! shopt -oq posix; then
    . /etc/bash_completion
fi
This is unmodified from the originally installed (desktop edition) file. Obviously if the section starting with if and ending with fi is commented out, then you won't get completion. Also check the other listed file locations of course.
Answer: I strongly recommend you to check zsh
you can simply intall it with

sudo apt-get install zsh

it's better than bash, and it has a lot of great customizations

Tab completion for commands


bulk copy - sybase

Question: I need to selectively (both rows and columns) export around 20 million rows from one table to another. This is what I tried:
<code>--Run this in batch:
INSERT INTO Table 2
Select A, B from Table1
where A > a and B < b

---Table1 have columns A, B....Z and got around 50 million records.
</code>
It takes around 12 hours to finish. I don't think sybase allows bcp out with selective columns and rows from Table1 and bcp in to Table2. Is there an alternative fast approach that can be used? I would be happy if it can be done < 4 hours.
Thanks for reading it.
Answer: I think you mean:
<code>WHERE PK > start_value AND PK < end_value
</code>
There is no good reason to duplicating data in two tables on the same server, so hopefully the tables are on separate servers.  If you are "archiving", then be advised, that is the wrong thing to do; enhance the table speed instead.  Refer this post.

That INSERT-SELECT will kill the transaction log, which would run progressively slower for you, and prevent other users from using the db.  If you break into batches of 1000 rows, it will be faster and more sociable.

I would be happy if it can be done < 4 hours

Should be no problem.  Depends on your hardware and disk layout.  I can load 16 million rows in 13.2 secs on my little demo box running ASE 15.5.
bcp runs in two modes, automatically, depending on the conditions as follows:

FAST.  this requires SELECT_INTO/BULK_COPY sp_dboption to be set, which allows bcp to NOT log INSERTS, only Allocations.  Also requires the indices on the table to be dropped (they can be created after bcp finishes).
SLOW.  Either of the above conditions not being met.  All INSERTS are logged.  Ensure you have a Threshold on the log that dumps it (it WILL fill).

No problem at all for either the out_data_file or Table_2 to be a subset of columns of Table_1.  Create a view of Table_2 on the Table_1 server.  Bcp-out the view.  You can also place a WHERE clause in the view, do transforms, etc.
You can exec bcp in parallel (up to the no of CPU/Cores you have on your host system).  Split the extract into the no of parallel streams (eg. on an 8 core machine, exec 8 extract jobs in parallel). Use the -F and -L parameters to specify one eighth of Table_1.  Use "&" if you have an o/s and 8 x BAT files if you don't.
You can also run (eg) 8 x INSERT-SELECT jobs in parallel.  Split by PK value, not row number.

bulk copy - sybase


Query Posts With Over 1000 Views

Question: The code below is from this link. It basically creates a hit counter, but I'm probably gonna have to do this by IP.
How do I make a WP_Query, where only posts up to 1000 views can be seen on the trending list? Of course. I would want to do it by date as well, but it won't appear at the top one after another, it will only be in the list where it was originally posted. So, that's another solution I'm gonna need to figure out.
This is similar to 9GAG.
<code>//Add to functions.php
    function get_hits(){
    global $post;
    $hits = get_post_meta($post->ID, '_hit-counter', true);
    return $hits;
}

function update_hits($count){
    global $post;
    $count = $count ? $count : 0;
    $hits = update_post_meta($post->ID, '_hit-counter', $count++);
    return $hits;
}

//Usage within the loop
update_hits(get_hits());
</code>
Answer: This should work, but I didn't have the time to test it.
<code>$query = new WP_Query( array( 'meta_key' => '_hit-counter', 'meta_value' => '1000', 'meta_compare' => '>=', 'orderby' => 'date' ) );
</code>

Query Posts With Over 1000 Views


Was there baptism in the Old Testament?

Question: In my Bible I discovered that the word "baptism" is not present in the Old Testament.
Was there a ceremony or practice that represented baptism before John the Baptist?
Comment: Is your question whether the practice of baptism predates John the Baptist (a history question) or whether there is an OT basis for baptism (a Bible question)?
Answer: Baptism was not practiced in the same way in the OT as it is in the NT. There were some other ritual washings in use before the time of Christ, but they had different meanings.
What did exist was circumcision. Most Christians believe in one way or another that the sacrament of baptism took the place of circumcision. How exactly they see that transition happening varies widely by tradition. Some see very close parallels and a continuity between the two, others think one was eradicated and the other inaugurated and that they only bear cursory similarity.
Answer: Was there baptism in the Old Testament?
Yes. sort of.
There were a few incidents in the Old Testament that could be regarded as being types of baptisms. There was Moses and the Israelite's crossing of the Red Sea, and Joshua's and the Israelites' crossing of the river Jordan. And, so was there Elijah who told the leper Naaman to go and dip himself in the river Jordan to get healed.
Consequently, three times "baptisms" in the river Jordan occurred. The Israelites crossed the river Jordan on their way to the promised land, Naaman the Leper got healed from his leprosy when dipping himself in the river Jordan, and John baptized troubled sinners in the same river Jordan.

2 Cor 13:1 (NIV)  "Every matter must be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses."

Jesus said that John was Elijah.

Mat 11:13,14 (NIV) "... all the Prophets and the Law prophesied until John. And if you are willing to accept it, he is the Elijah who was to come".
Mat 17:10-13 (NIV)10 The disciples asked him, "Why then do the teachers of the law say that Elijah must come first?" Jesus replied, "To be sure, Elijah comes and will restore all things. But I tell you, Elijah has already come, and they did not recognize him, but have done to him everything they wished. In the same way the Son of Man is going to suffer at their hands." Then the disciples understood that he was talking to them about John the Baptist".

But John himself said that he was not Elijah.

John 1:19-23 (NIV) Now this was John's testimony when the Jewish leaders in Jerusalem sent priests and Levites to ask him who he was. He did not fail to confess, but confessed freely, "I am not the Messiah."
They asked him, "Then who are you? Are you Elijah?" He said, "I am not."
"Are you the Prophet?" He answered, "No." Finally they said, "Who are you? Give us an answer to take back to those who sent us. What do you say about yourself?" John replied in the words of Isaiah the prophet, "I am the voice of one calling in the wilderness, 'Make straight the way for the Lord.'"

This is interesting. Here we see a thesis and an antithesis. It is possible that the synthesis of this paradox is that Jesus equated John's baptism with Elijah's baptism, rather than equating him with Elijah, as a person; thus implying that John was not Elijah reincarnated.
"Elijah's baptism" took place in the story about the foreigner with leprosy in 2 Kings 5. The guy's name was Naaman.

2 Kings 5:8-14 (NIV) When Elisha the man of God heard that the king of Israel had torn his robes, he sent him this message: "Why have you torn your robes? Have the man come to me and he will know that there is a prophet in Israel." So Naaman went with his horses and chariots and stopped at the door of Elisha's house. Elisha sent a messenger to say to him, "Go, wash yourself seven times in the Jordan, and your flesh will be restored and you will be cleansed."
But Naaman went away angry and said, "I thought that he would surely come out to me and stand and call on the name of the Lord his God, wave his hand over the spot and cure me of my leprosy. Are not Abana and Pharpar, the rivers of Damascus, better than all the waters of Israel? Couldn't I wash in them and be cleansed?" So he turned and went off in a rage.
Naaman's servants went to him and said, "My father, if the prophet had told you to do some great thing, would you not have done it? How much more, then, when he tells you, 'Wash and be cleansed'!" So he went down and dipped himself in the Jordan seven times, as the man of God had told him, and his flesh was restored and became clean like that of a young boy.
Answer: The best answer I can think of is a reference to the temple of Solomon which could vaguely be interpreted to mean a place for baptism.
1 kings 7 talks about a "molten sea" which was made of brass, ten cubits in width, five cubits in depth. This sat in the temple. It is unlikely that such a large object would simply be used for washing or anointing, which leaves baptism as the most likely use for it, in my opinion. However there aren't any specific mentions of baptism or it being performed in the old testament.
That's if your question is about there being a biblical reference to baptism in the old testament, as the title suggests.

Was there baptism in the Old Testament?


What happened to foreign investments of enemy citizens during WW2?

Question: Were property rights of foreigners respected when war broke out and did they lose their foreign investments?
Comment: Welcome to History SE. You are asking too many questions in one post and note one question per post is the guideline of Stack Exchange. Please narrow down your question with your own research effort. I voted to put your question on hold as too broad.
Comment: This sounds suspiciously like a homework assignment. Generally speaking, in war, "rights" go out the window, especially for the enemy, and especially in those times. The German's were seizing businesses left, right, and center. I'm sure everyone else was, too.
Comment: If the question could be reduced to WW1, or WW2 rather than both that would dramatically reduce the scope - it might also be worth limiting the question to ask about Japanese investments around the world, or American investments in Axis Europe.
Comment: I have edited the question details to narrow the answer set
Comment: You also (still) need more specificity.  There were a lot of countries involved in those wars, and they didn't all treat foreigners the same.  Asking what happened to foreigners' investments in Russia during WWI is a very different question than what happened to foreigners' investments in Canada during WWII.
Comment: This question needs further editing. As it stands, it is still too broad but I think the OP should be given the chance to edit before we close it.
Answer: It is generally understood that a war is a temporary condition and, after it ends, the erstwhile combatants will have to resume normal relationships (the notable exceptions were the Nazi and Soviet invasions of Poland and Barbarossa where the invaded states were supposed to disappear forever).
This means that the foreign-owned industry is told to produce whatever materiel is deemed necessary for the war effort. The fate of the profits depends on how cooperative the owner is: friendly foreigners (e.g., Swedes for Germany) may be able to keep them, enemy - not so much (obviously). After the war the property is usually restored to the original owner, less indemnities, reparations &c.
The notable exception is the Bolsheviks after the WW1 who confiscated all foreign property (and an attempt by the West to negotiate its return - as well as the government debts - was so entertainingly described by Bazhanov).
See also

German Administration of American Companies, 1940-1945
What became of Nazi Germany's embassies in neutral countries?
How were diplomats and their staff's treated when World War II was declared?
Comment: Please clarify: is this meant to convey that the aim of the Soviet invasion into Poland included a Soviet plan to let all Poles "disappear forever"?
Comment: @LangLangC: ouch! of course not! Is it more clear now?
Comment: Reading the edit makes me *feel* to understand what you meant. Please take a look at my attempt to fix it up.
Answer: According to Charles Higham, American companies had investments in Germany amounting to $475 million when Pearl Harbour was hit. Higham says

Though it would have been more patriotic to have allowed Nazi Germany
  to confiscate these companies for the duration—to nationalize them or
  to absorb them into Hermann Göring's industrial empire—it was clearly
  more practical to insure them protection from seizure by allowing them
  to remain in special holding companies, the money accumulating until
  war's end.

For individuals, a preliminary study called 'U.S. and Allied Efforts To Recover and Restore Gold and Other Assets Stolen or Hidden by Germany During World War II' says that 'enemy aliens of Jewish origin' were assured that their property would not be confiscated (this was in 1940, but German Jews were not protected). Presumably, this means non-Jewish foreigners in Germany also did not have their property confiscated, but it's not clear if this applied to foreigners who were from countries Germany was fighting.


Calculating next speed of a ball

Question: Is it possible to calculate the next speed of a ball knowing only dx and dy of the ball? For example if x = 120, y = 0, dx = -10, dx = 10, gravity = 0.05. So the next position of a ball (next update) is x = 110, y = 10. But a ball will be fall faster and faster under the influence of gravity. So is it possible to calculate next speed based on current x, y, dx and dy? My equation on next update of a ball x position should be x = x + dx * speed * gravity, but I haven't information about current speed, so I must calculate it every update.
Comment: What is 'dx' if _not_ (some form of) the speed? It sounds like you've got several different representation issues in your data right now.
Comment: Possible duplicate of [Ball Physics : Smoothing the final bounces as the ball comes to rest](http://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/28847/ball-physics-smoothing-the-final-bounces-as-the-ball-comes-to-rest)
Comment: Look at the answer I just posted here: http://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/130961/how-to-implement-the-missile-trajectories-in-the-classic-missile-command-game You would use the Pythagorean Theorem.
Answer: First, sorry for my bad English...
If the speed or velocity is changing over time then yes, you have to update the speed or velocity vector each time step.
I suggest to brake down the problem into peaces that lie on the physics. You have a Display object that has a Position in the world and that object has a current speed applied in a Velocity vector. And then you have Force(s) that changes the speed in the Velocity vector during time. Gravity is a Force but there can also be others forces applied to the object. Think of jumping, this will just be another force to the object that overcomes Gravity for a amount of time, getting smaller in time.
The classes below should give you an idea how to brake the problem in to peaces in an object oriented way.
<code>// Position point
public class Position {
    float x;
    float y;
}

// Velocity vector
public class Velocity {
    float dx;
    float dy;
}

// Force vector with update to change the force over time
public class Force {

    float fx;
    float fy;

    public void update( long timeStep, Velocity velocity ) {
        // first remove the previous force vector form Velocity to reset
        velocity.dx -= fx;
        velocity.dy -= fy;

        // calculate the new force vector with a specific equation of your need
        if ( fy > -6f ) {
            fy = fy - 1.0f;
        }

        // add the new force vector to the Velocity
        velocity.dx += fx;
        velocity.dy += fy;
    }

}

// This is a display object that has a position, a velocity vector and List of forces that applies to the object
// forces can change and also the list of forces can change
public class SomeDisplayObject {

    Position position;
    Velocity velocity;
    List<Force> forces;

    public void update( long timeStep ) {
        // update the velocity on all forces that act on the object
        for ( Force force : forces ) {
            force.update( timeStep, velocity );
        }

        // apply the velocity to the position
        position.x += velocity.dx;
        position.y += velocity.dy;
    }

    public void addForce( Force force ) {
        forces.add( force );
        velocity.dx += force.fx;
        velocity.dy += force.fy;
    }

    public void removeForce( Force force ) {
        forces.remove( force );
        velocity.dx -= force.fx;
        velocity.dy -= force.fy;
    }
}
</code>
Answer: Consider this image, which uses Pythagoras Theorem:

Here is an example of the formula:
<code>/// <summary>
/// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_theorem
/// </summary>
/// <param name="a"></param>
/// <param name="b"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static float Pythagorean(float a, float b)
{
    return (float)Math.Sqrt((a * a) + (b * b));
}
</code>

Calculating next speed of a ball


In third-person limited POV, what can be described?

Question: In 3rd person limited, when the protagonist is present in a scene, can the narrator describe something in a scene that the protagonist cannot see?
Comment: Might your protag be aware of it? Perhaps walking past it?
Comment: @ Rasdashan  Its not my protagonist, I am critiquing for a friend.  The protagonist is  walking behind a secondary character, whose jaw muscles are described as clenched tight.  It is impractical to think the protagonist could see the secondary character's face.
Comment: Is there a reflective surface nearby? A window, perhaps? Otherwise, I see your problem
Comment: This is all taking place in the Roman Empire.  The secondary character's nose is pressed up against a stone wall.  No indication of a reflective surface.
Comment: @Bob516: the feeling (anger?) can probably be seen in the shoulders? fists? neck? other parts of the body? With 3rd person limited POV you're trying to make the reader feel like they *are* the POV character so any "jump" out of it will... end suspension of disbelief, so to say...
Answer: No.  In third person limited the narrator can only see what the POV sees. There may be things outside his line of vision that he could hear or smell, which the narrator could describe.
However, in the scenario described in this questions comments, (character clenching his jaw while facing away) could possibly be tweaked to allow description.  Your jaw and jaw muscles extend beyond the front of your face.  The character could turn his head just enough for his jaw muscles to be seen.
Comment: If there's any dialogue from the clenchee then it would also be noticeable that his jaw is clenched.
Comment: The character could also hear the sound of teeth grinding, which is a rather unique sound.
Comment: Other muscles may clench, like shoulders elevating -- that could be seen, indicating the jaw-clench, especially if the two characters know each other well.
Comment: All of these suggestions also create better imagery than just clenched jaw muscles.
Answer: One method to address this is to treat your narrator as a "character", and define the limits and abilities of that character.
From here you can work out ways to define the scope of knowledge of the narrator, what they can comment on, and what they may highlight to the reader.
So you have established that the narrator is not the Focus Character by defining it as a third person, but "How not" the Focus Character are they?

Is your narrator character exploring the world from within the Focus's own head, looking through their eyes, hearing with Focus's ears, feeling through Focus's skin, etc? [Does the narrator reliably 'read the deepest mind' of the Focus, or can they only see more surface emotions?]
Is your narrator character "sitting on Focus's shoulder", can they look in another direction and see what the Focus character wouldn't have?
Are they pulled back even further, following the Focus Character, but able to peek around corners, eavesdrop on conversations [or even thoughts], soar over the scene and give commentary on the Focus Character's situation from a vantage point the FC couldn't possibly be in themselves?
Is the narrator even Less Limited than that? [At which point you'll be straying away from the 'limited' aspect, but technically a trivial limit is still a limit, and technicality matters... Right?]

You can also use this "Character Designed Narrator" concept to help guide what the narrator knows with regards to time:

Does the narrator have memory? Did it exist before it began following the Focus Character, and can it make historical references?
Is your narrator aware of the future? If so, how? How much does it know.

By treating your narrator as a character, with traits, abilities, biases, and whatnot, you can help establish a consistent voice and tone. You could also allow the narrator itself to grow as a character, and change some of its traits over the progression of the story.
Is your narrator something which exist across time with knowledge of the future, a sarcastic jerk who dislikes your Focus Character, and takes pleasure from pointing out how badly things will go?

You'll end up with a narrator who provides lots of foreshadowing, and highlighting flaws and mistakes.

Is your narrator a kind and hopeful creature trapped in the Focus character's head?
- You'll end up with a narrator looking on the bright side of things, and possibly focusing deeper inward to the main character.


I would like to switch workspaces by using the mousewheel

Question: There is a very simple option that would help me greatly in order to achieve more producivity. I would like to be able to press the metakey and scroll down, and instantly go to the previous workspace, and metakey and scroll up to do the opposite. Is it possible?
Answer: If you open the Multitasking View with either Super+Down or by clicking on the Multitasking View item in the Applications Menu or the Dock, you can scroll between workspaces with the mousewheel.
Comment: You can set a hot corner for it too


Is working in government insurance company right livelihood?

Question: I am currently jobless. I saw the advertisement of recruitment of government insurance company.  So I thought to ask before applying. I am very confused.  I don't want to do any wrong livelihood jobs.
Comment: While insurance can be beneficial when needed, in other cases it can sold in a fashion that takes advantage of customers (such as excessive premiums, limited coverage or delayed claims payments). Also some sales practices are misleading at best. Though this more likely involves for profit businesses, you probably won't know until you work there. Then based on the facts make a decision to continue or not.
Answer: I don't see any reason why wouldn't it be - it is not meat business or dealing with arms, or criminal activity, therefore isn't causing harm as a result of such business dealings.
After all, insurance is a positive thing as it helps the person in the case of unforeseen event.
Also here, What is exactly Right Livelihood as a reference from sutras. Furthermore, I advise watching What is right livelihood by Ajahn Brahm where it's thoroughly explained.
From my perspective, make sure the company is not scammers and make it clear that your religion does not allow you to lie and twist the truth if sales is your department. Your intentions on why you work are important here.
Comment: How about financial services in general?
Comment: It is okay as long as you are helping someone and not do things that directly results in harm or deceit through lie. Watch Ajahn Brahm explaining Right livelihood https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ZX18H8nw8JE&t=2280s
Answer: I worked for two years for an insurance company, doing two jobs, namely, customer service when purchasing policies and insurance claims. It depends on the insurance company and how ethically it operates. I had no ethical issues in both of my jobs (particularly as I was able to negotiate outcomes). It was Right Livelihood. However, such jobs can easily become wrong livelihood if the organisation is unethical. I recommend to apply for the jobs and particularly focus on a task that has the least potential ethical conflict (such as customer service rather than claims).


How can I run a sequence of applications or actions on certain triggers on Android?

Question: Is there is free application or some trick to run sequence of applications on android?
For example I want to start the following sequence:
    Wi-Fi --> Tor --> Browser
Answer: You should try Tasker for simple interface and quick setup.
If you are willing to do something by code and very specific, a good alternative is onX by Microsoft, you can write your code to do exactly the things you wanna do. Also there are some ready recipes that you can quickly setup.
Answer: For newer phones, you can use Automagic, which has almost all of the functionality of Tasker (at the time of this writing, and expanding) and has a much better interface for editing your sequences. It also makes use of the newer Holo themes on Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich) and later.
Answer: The simpler automation apps can probably only start a single app, or maybe more, but not in sequence. The more advanced apps that can perform this is either the trusted old Tasker (paid), or the newer Automate (free).


Recipe and ingredient questions

Question: What is the prevaling opinion on questions for recipes or favorite ingredients?  I think they are a little too broad for this forum. BrewAdvice is for focused questions. However this site is about community parcipitation so I want to get a consensus before down-voting questions.
Answer: I don't think that questions asking for recipes are appropriate for BrewAdvice. It's just too broad. "What's a good stout recipe?" is just too subjective. It's better for a forum, like home brew talk.
A question like "I'm making a stout, and the LHBS is out of roasted chocolate malt, what's a good substitute?" works. Or "Here's my stout recipe, what yeast would you suggest?" also works.
However, as of right now, we don't have a recipe sharing tool on this site, so just asking "What's a good recipe for [style]?" isn't appropriate.
Comment: Are there plans for a recipe sharing tool? I was shocked to find here: http://homebrew.stackexchange.com/questions/366/what-are-some-good-online-sources-for-recipes that there are no social homebrew sites where you can rate recipes a-la epicurious. Seems like this community could be great for it with the right tools...
Answer: I think that asking for critique of a specific recipe posted is fine.  However, asking for recipes is probably a needless distraction.  Most of the "do you have a recipe for" questions we have gotten so far haven't even specified all-grain or extract, making them doubly useless.
I say recipe critique yes, random "do you have a recipe for x" no.
Comment: I completely agree.
Answer: For the recipe questions I think it's fine if it is related to advice or feedback on an existing recipe you use. Overall it is interesting to see what people will post when you ask for a recipe, but I can see how this might not be the best place for it.

Recipe and ingredient questions


Why are the descendants of Rav Pappah mentioned in the text of the Siyum for a tractate of Talmud?

Question: Who are the descendants of Rav Pappah mentioned in the text of the Siyum for a tractate of Talmud, and why are they so important that we mention them all by name?  Why don't we mention any other great rabbis from that era?
Comment: I don't have it with me now but there is a long explanation of it after the hadran in oz vehadar gemaras. I think that is the teshuvas ramo
Comment: A post on this subject: https://rabbizalesch.wordpress.com/2017/05/04/meet-the-bar-papas-a-transnational-intergenerational-nuclear-family/. In short, these were clearly not sons of a single Rav Papa, as they lived in different generations (and different countries). See the post for more information.
Answer: Not all the "Bar Papa"s mentioned in the list are the sons of the Rav Papa from the Bavli.
The Sefer HaEshkol, written by Rav Avraham Av Beit Din (father-in-law of the Raavad) brings a statement of Rav Hai Gaon (and a proof) that the ten Bar Papas are not all sons of the Rav Papa the student of Rava: HaEshkol Hilchot Sefer Torah 14.
They did not all live at the same time and place, Rav Hai mentions.
He further says that the reason for listing the ten of them at the siyyum is that there is a tradition that saying them prevents forgetfulness.  Therefore, when one reads a chapter and reviews it, he says that he will review it, and also says the mnemonic for, and the names of, the ten Bar Papas.
Nowadays, I've never heard of anyone saying the mnemonic.
Rav Tzvi Binyamin Auerbach, who wrote the "Nachal Eshkol" commentary on the Eshkol, comments:

ועתשו' רמ"א בסופה ויש"ש סוף ב"ק

for many further reasons for listing the ten sons of Rav Papa(s).
I'm not certain what the "teshuvat Rama" is here, but second reference is to the Yam Shel Shlomo, but it delves into esoteric concepts, and I am out of my depth.
Comment: The Yam Shel Shlomo's explanation actually isn't that complicated. He shows how "Papa" represents Moshe (who spoke to Hashem פנים אל פנים - the acronym of which is פפא), and the names of each of the sons symbolize the Ten Commandments.
Comment: _Rama_: http://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=19551&pgnum=144
Comment: @Alex, he continues with how the sons also symbolize the ten ma'amarot that the world was created with.
Comment: @msh210, thanks! It seems that the comment of the Rama is identical to what the Yam Shel Shlomo brings in his name.
Answer: One explanation (from Artscroll Hadran)
Rav Pappa was a very wealthy man who would make great celebrations each time he finished a Mesechta, and invited his 10 sons as well as many others. He therefore brought glory to Torah,  which was "reflected in the scholarly attainments of his sons." So we honor Rav Pappa and his family by mentioning them at every siyum.
Another explanation (from here)
There are 10 places in shas where there is a machlokes, and Rav Pappa made peace by accepting both of the opinions. Since Rav Papa did this, he was a vehicle in bringing shelaymos (completion) of the Torah into the world. He therefore merited 10 children, and we mention them at the end of a mesechta because a siyum is a time of completion.
A third explanation (also Artscroll Hadran):
Rav Pappa symbolizes Moshe, and the names of his 10 sons symbolize the Ten Commandments.
Comment: none of them sound like such strong reasons. when did this practice start?
Comment: second opinion seems like a strong reason though, although I would expect reish Lakish to be listed there as well in that case.
Comment: Does the Artscroll have any citations?  (If it does, I'll go look it up.)
Comment: Do any Mefarshim discuss the idea that Rav Papa was unique and special in that he successfully fulfilled the mitzvah of chinuch to all of his children, or something along those lines?
Comment: @Efraim Don't remember offhand, but it does sound a bit familiar, for some strange reason. I think it would be a good idea to ask this question on the site (you can phrase it along the lines of "I once heard of such and such reason; does anyone know the source?"


What benefits were there to the USA of developing both Uranium and Plutonium bombs in World War 2?

Question: Clearly there was a large cost both in money and resources. Working on both very likely slowed down the production of the first nuclear bomb.
Answer: To simply say that they wanted to try out different types is to miss the point that weapons-grade uranium and plutonium have fundamentally different production methods and lend themselves to very different weapon designs.
Uranium bombs require a very high percentage of the isotope U-235, which is only present in miniscule quantities in natural uranium. Separating these isotopes is a difficult and time-consuming task, especially with the vastly less efficient methods being used during the Manhattan Project. The chemical properties of the two isotopes are nearly identical, with the only difference being that U-235 is ~2% less dense, thus necessitating the highly complex and expensive process of gaseous diffusion, centrifuges being used in later periods. Plutonium, on the other hand, can be produced with relative ease in a reactor, and is thus available in greater quantity.
On to weapons design. Little Boy, the first uranium bomb, was a gun-type weapon, meaning it simply used an explosive to fire two sub-critical masses of uranium together, forming a critical mass that would then detonate. This was a (relatively) simple, robust design that was the first theorized way to create a nuclear weapon. Fat Man, the plutonium bomb, used an implosion design, which involved using very high explosives around a spherical plutonium core, which, when detonated simultaneously, would compress it into a critical mass. This required exacting tolerances in the timing and force of the explosions, or else the uneven shape of the precritical mass could react in such a way that the plutonium core was blown apart before it could reach criticality (incidentally, this is basically why a gun-type plutonium weapon wouldn't work).
So we have two weapon designs- one has been in development for a longer time, is simpler and theoretically more reliable, but requires a difficult-to-obtain substance. The other is newer and of uncertain effectiveness, but if functional, could be produced in much greater quantity. It should be noted that the Trinity test was a plutonium implosion bomb, and no gun-type weapon was ever tested before the atomic bombings, for the twin reasons that it was deemed unnecessary and that they simply didn't have enough uranium. It came down to a choice between having a tiny number of reliable bombs or many more that were of uncertain quality (at least before the first test), and building both meant that all outcomes were covered.
Comment: @PieterG To be precise, the initial conception was for a gun-type plutonium bomb, which would have been the best of both worlds, but it was only later that they realized that due to the high fissile rate of the plutonium they were producing, there was a significant chance of a small explosion happening as the two masses were coming into contact, destroying the weapon before criticality could be achieved. After this discovery, they began to work on the two designs separately.
Comment: A gun-type plutonium bomb will work just fine with cyclotron-produced plutonium (see: [Thin Man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_Man_(nuclear_bomb))), but reactor-produced plutonium has higher concentrations of Pu-240, which will cause a pre-detonation.
Comment: At what point was this know to the people working on it?
Comment: @IanR Sorry, could you be more specific?
Comment: At the time that the work on the uranium bombs started was it know how much easier it was to get plutonium?
Comment: @IanRingrose: In the large, yes - but the complexity and difficulty of designing a working plutonium bomb wasn't. In essence, the Uranium bomb was the fallback, in case the Plutonium bomb didn't work or took longer than anticipated to perfect.
Answer: Wikipedia answers this rather well. Basically, a plutonium bomb is more complicated than a uranium bomb. However, weapon-grade plutonium is also easier to obtain than weapon-grade uranium, since the plutonium can be separated chemically from burnt nuclear reactor fuel, whereas uranium needs to be enriched in a costly process. In fact, all of the enriched uranium that was produced during the Manhattan project was used in Little Boy, the Hiroshima bomb.
Comment: When the decision to pursue both paths was made, it was thought that a [gun-type plutonium bomb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_Man_(nuclear_bomb)) was viable.  The decision to make an implosion-type plutonium bomb was only made once they had samples of reactor-produced Pu-239 on hand and discovered that it was contaminated with too much Pu-240 to make a viable gun-type bomb.
Answer: Nuclear bomb making was a new endeavor and it was not clear which approach would be successful - cheaper, faster, more powerful, smaller, more reliable &c &c.
They really had to try all feasible approaches before settling on one.
Answer: The uranium-based gun design was the fundamental approach of the project from the beginning.
The "fat man" design used plutonium-239, a substance much easier to produce than uranium-235, but requiring a much more complicated implosion type warhead. It was not clear until 1944 that the implosion design would even work. John von Neumann essentially invented an entirely new branch of physics, called shock wave theory, that was used to design the implosion lenses for the device. Once it became clear that the implosion technique was feasible and necessary for plutonium, the fat man design was added as an improved approach for a second (and all future) bombs.
Thus, the development of the weapon proceeded on two tracks.
The benefits were to have a relatively high-probability-of-success weapon (uranium bomb) and a more advanced bomb (plutonium) for future development.
Comment: and of course to have a larger stockpile of bomb material, so more weapons could be produced in the limited time available.


Seeking freely available GIS books?

Question: Do you know any free available books related to GIS ?
Answer:
This question has been converted to Community Wiki and wiki locked
  because it is an example of a question that seeks a list of answers
  and appears to be popular enough to protect it from closure.  It
  should be treated as a special case and should not be viewed as the
  type of question that is encouraged on this, or any Stack Exchange
  site, but if you wish to contribute more content to it then feel free
  to do so by editing this answer.

Geospatial Analysis - A Comprehensive Guide has a free web version.
Courtesy of Slashgeo: Hundreds of Free Geospatial PDF Books from the National Academies Press:

Last weekend, Slashdot informed us The National Academies Press are offering all their books, over 4,000 of them, for free in pdf format. With searches, you find plenty of geospatial-related books, for instance:
Geospatial: 140 books
GIS: 196 books
GPS: 218 books
...
  (see the article for the rest)
Answer: ESRI has a lot of technical papers and books specific to their software availible here.  The documents are in pdf format and availible for download.
Answer: A practical guide to geostatistical mapping:
http://www.lulu.com/product/paperback/a-practical-guide-to-geostatistical-mapping/6379056
And of course many open source gis programs have their manuals online, eg:

http://www.grassbook.org/
http://sourceforge.net/projects/saga-gis/files/SAGA%20-%20Documentation/SAGA%202%20User%20Guide/
Answer: Google Books with the "full view" filter applied lists some 38,000 titles for "geographic information systems", 31k if you leave out magazines. Of course there's a lot of irrelevant stuff in there, but with judicious use of extra keywords good ones can be pulled out. When you find good ones they can be saved in "my library", which can have various sections (favourites, to read, GIS, etc.). If desired, you can export your library as xml. Sharing a library could be more straightforward, url wise (I think it should be -http://www.google.com/profiles/johndoe/books), but basically you just copy and paste the obfuscated address bar contents; here's my favourite. Yes, there's only one. :) Although I'm fascinated with Google Books and think it's a great idea, I don't like reading long works online.
Answer: I just came across the Quantitative Methods Research Group (QMRG) of the Royal Geographical Society which has a series of short methods articles (CATMOG).
These are all papers detailing some type of statistical analysis of geographic data (although many don't have a strict relationship to spatial data). From the ones I've skimmed through and read, they are pretty gentle and brief intro's to the topic at hand. Although I don't doubt maybe more exposure to statistics than a university level intro course is needed.
Also if one is interested in regression with spatial weights you should definately check out the Geoda workbook. I also know of another short intro pdf to spatial regression, but I have not had the chance to read it yet (Ward and  Gleditsch, 2007).
Answer: The NCGIA Core Curriculum in GIScience is still worth studying, even though it's now over a decade old and was never completed.  It is well organized and written by luminaries in the field (Reg Golledge, David Unwin, Tim Nyerges, Michael Goodchild, Robert Haining, and many more).  Altogether it's probably book length, but it reads like an extremely detailed outline, making it easy to find what you are looking for.

Seeking freely available GIS books?


Can instruction be given during a flight conducted under 14 CFR 135?

Question: Let's suppose that a flight is being conducted under 14 CFR 135. The airplane is certified for single pilot operations, but two pilots who are both rated as PIC on the 135 certificate occupy the pilot seats. One of the pilots is a CFI. Does anything in 14 CFR 135 prevent the CFI from giving dual given time to the PIC while he flies?
Comment: Sounds like a 135 operator conducting type transition training to me...
Comment: @RalphJ feel free to make that kind of edit yourself too...
Comment: I'm not asking the question in that specific context, but that would apply. I'm asking if anything prevents instruction from being given during operations with passengers or cargo while operating under 14 CFR 135.
Answer: It took me a little bit to figure out the underlying reason for asking this question and it has to do with logging flight time.  For example, in a single pilot operation with an autopilot, the second pilot is not required and therefore cannot log the flight time at all even though their company may want them there.  The FARs don't allow the second pilot to log the time.
The regulation that governs logging of flight time is 61.51.

61.51(h) Logging training time. (1) A person may log training time when that person receives training from an authorized instructor in an aircraft, flight simulator, or flight training device.
  (2) The training time must be logged in a logbook and must:
  (i) Be endorsed in a legible manner by the authorized instructor; and
  (ii) Include a description of the training given, the length of the training lesson, and the authorized instructor's signature, certificate number, and certificate expiration date.

So the question becomes what training was given during the revenue Part 135 flight and were you an authorized instructor?
The term Authorized Instructor is only found in Part 61.

61.1. Authorized instructor means—
  (i) A person who holds a ground instructor certificate issued under part 61 of this chapter and is in compliance with §61.217, when conducting ground training in accordance with the privileges and limitations of his or her ground instructor certificate;
  (ii) A person who holds a flight instructor certificate issued under part 61 of this chapter and is in compliance with §61.197, when conducting ground training or flight training in accordance with the privileges and limitations of his or her flight instructor certificate; or
  (iii) A person authorized by the Administrator to provide ground training or flight training under part 61, 121, 135, or 142 of this chapter when conducting ground training or flight training in accordance with that authority.

Since it is a Part 135 revenue flight I would believe the CFI would have to comply with section 135.338 and 135.340.

135.340(a) No certificate holder may use a person nor may any person serve as a flight instructor unless—
  (1) That person has satisfactorily completed initial or transition flight instructor training; and
  (2) Within the preceding 24 calendar months, that person satisfactorily conducts instruction under the observation of an FAA inspector, an operator check airman, or an aircrew designated examiner employed by the operator.

If the authorized instructor has complied with 135.338 and 135.340 they are also bound to the training program for the 135 company.  If that training stipulates you can give dual given during revenue flights than you are more than welcome to do so.  If there is no provision in the training program to provide instruction during revenue flight then it should not be done.

The best option is to request a legal interpretation on the validity of what you are wanting to do.
Answer: Short answer: NO
Long answer: In a flight where the CFI is certificated to provide instruction and the two are sitting in pilot seats then the PIC may log any part of that flight as dual instruction.  It does not require the CFI to actually say a word in order for it to count as dual; even if he's merely observing, if something bad happens he'll open his mouth or take controls.
Part 135 is more about requirements for operations; it does not affect flight instruction, which is a part 91 regulated activity.
Comment: Nothing here gives any explanation why "no" is the correct answer to the question "Can instruction be given during a {Part 135 flight}?"  Are you answering the question "does anything in Part 135 prevent..."?
Comment: You can't log training time unless a CFI endorses your logbook, per 61.51(h), so there's more to it than just being in the aircraft together ([related question](http://aviation.stackexchange.com/q/12735/62)). And I assume that in your last sentence you meant to say that flight instruction is regulated by part 61 (not part 91)?


Google translate english monolingual definitions

Question: Is google translate monolingual definitions open for commercial use? Am I violating intellectual property  to use english words definitions in my english quiz app?
Answer: If you are using the Google Translate API then you are allowed commercial use. But there is no free quota for the API (terms of service, pricing). If you are a paying customer, you can use the translations for commercial use (with attribution if you use them directly).
I suspect you are not talking about the paid API but instead either scraping yourself or using a package like goslate. These tools are against the Terms of Google so you may find that they aren't very stable (goslate works by faking a user-agent). Building a commercial app based on these data sources is probably not a good idea. See the comments here for more discussion.
(if you want simple, single word translations with a flexible license, check out using Anki decks, for example)
Answer: The official Google Translate API does not offer dictionary data.  (If you must know: Google has traditionally paid for licences for dictionary data from various sources, with varying quality, for the various languages.)  So I assume you are scraping and thus on poor legal footing, but I doubt it will be a problem in practice.
One great and ever-improving source of dictionary data is Wiktionary.  There are well-tested open-source parsers and clients available, just like for Wikipedia.


How to add a property to a Table Adapter that can be bound to?

Question: I have a database table TravelRequest that contains, amongst other things, the fields SignOffName and SignOffDate. I have a table adapter TravelRequestTable based on this table. I have a DetailsView control which uses this via an ObjectDataSource. Should be all fairly standard stuff.
What I want to do is add a property called SignOffNameDate to the table adapter that combines the two fields and be able to bind to it in the DetailsView control. I want to do it programmatically rather than adding another column in the SQL because dealing with null values is tricky and depends on some other business rules.
This is what I tried:
public partial class TravelRequestDS
{
    public partial class TravelRequestRow
    {
        public string SignOffNameDate
        {
            get { return CombineNameDate(SignOffName, SignOffDate); }
        }
    }
}

This property works fine when I access it programmatically, but when I try bind to it in my aspx page:
<asp:DetailsView ID="DetailsView_TravelRequest" runat="server" AutoGenerateRows="False"
    DataKeyNames="TravelRequestID" DataSourceID="ObjectDataSource_TravelRequest">
        <Fields>
            <asp:BoundField DataField="SignOffNameDate"
                HeaderText="Sign Off" />
            ...

I get an System.Web.HttpException exception, "A field or property with the name 'SignOffNameDate' was not found on the selected data source."
Any ideas how I can do this? Is there an attribute I need to add to the property?
Answer: If you don't want to change your table structure, change the default method that loads data into your adapter (usually called Fill), most likely you are doing a Select * From [TravelRequest] or selecting the individual fields, so what you could do is change your TableAdapter query select statement to something like
Select [YourCol1],[YourCol2], SignOffNameDate as Null From [TravelRequest]

Modifying the default query, and selecting SignOffNameDate as null will give you access to set this value
Comment: I'm not sure I fully understand your answer. By adding the dummy SignOffNameDate field in the SQL, the table adapter adds a property of that name in the generated code and I get a "The type 'TravelRequestDS.TravelRequestRow' already contains a definition for 'SignOffNameDate'" compiler error.
Comment: Is there something else I can do to override the property?
Comment: are you still using the class in the original post? You no longer need it.
Comment: I'm afraid I still don't follow you. I need to use my CombineNameDate method to *programmatically* combine the two fields. If I remove the class, how specify the SignOffNameDate property using this method?
Comment: ok let me take that back, to make  things easy, why don't you select the fields you want to combine via the sql statement or is it something a little more complex than that, so instead of selecting null, could you select the two fields you need via sql and eliminate the need for you combine method?
Comment: For instance Select SignOffNameDate as [Field1] + ' ' + [Field2], I'm guessing a straight concat is wishful thinking or you wouldn't have asked this question in the first place
Comment: nevermind, I think I approached this in the completely wrong way and totally neglected the fact that you're using an objectdatasource, I'll ponder this one again, sorry for the confusion, I kept thinking SqlDataSource
Answer: If your objective is to display the combined result in a single non-editable field you can do it like this:
<asp:DetailsView ID="DetailsView_TravelRequest" runat="server" AutoGenerateRows="False"
    DataKeyNames="TravelRequestID" DataSourceID="ObjectDataSource_TravelRequest">
        <Fields>
            <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Sign Off" SortExpression="SignOffDate">
                    <ItemTemplate>
                        <asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Text='<%# Bind("SignOffName") %>'></asp:Label>
                        <asp:Label ID="Label2" runat="server" Text='<%# Bind("SignOffDate") %>'></asp:Label>
                    </ItemTemplate>
            </asp:TemplateField>
            ...


Archaic text suggestions

Question: I'm interested in learning Archaic English. As a starting point, I guess simple texts that are easy to comprehend would be a good choice. I would appreciate any suggestions.
Comment: Good answers fellas. I'm having a hard time choosing the answer, I'm gonna go with the one with highest votes. Cheers
Answer: There really isn't any "language" called Archaic English. Do you mean Old English? If so, there are textbooks for studying that. Look for books on Anglo-Saxon or Old English.
If you mean Middle English (spoken at the time of Chaucer), you can find texts on that as well.
Shakespeare's writing sounds archaic to our ear, but is actually an example of what is called Modern English.
Are you interested in archaisms in the modern language? If so, you might see if you can find a copy of The Archaicon: A Collection of Unusual Archaic English somewhere.
If none of those work for you, perhaps you can elaborate on what you're really looking for.
Answer: It's not entirely clear what you mean by Archaic English.  Obscure words still in common use?  Middle English?  Old English?
If you mean Old English, then Beowulf is the oldest written work in English.  Don't expect it to be easy or light reading though.
Answer: If you want to read something more recent ( what you might think of as the same language we use now but with those archaic usage such as thee and thou ) both Shakespeare and the King James Edition bible are influential and well written. It is also easy to find modern translations or adaptations of both so you can figure out any tricky phrases by comparison with a different version.
Comment: My recommendation would be Shakesphere or if you want really archaic, then Chaucer.
Answer: I'm not sure it's what you would call "reading material" but James Orchard Halliwell's "Dictionary of Archaic Words" would certainly cover the vocabulary.

Archaic text suggestions


Radio frequency

Question: I got a problem with my radio of Honda Accord Euro  2010.
It's not showing up AM frequency.
FM is fine MW is fine but not AM (kHz).
Can anyone please help me that What to do?
Thanks
Comment: Some radios don't have AM any more...
Comment: MW radio *is* AM, at least in the UK. I don't understand what separate AM and MW options would be supposed to do.
Answer: The broadcast band is referred to as MW (Medium Wave). It is situated below the shortwave bands and the frequency range is usually between (but not always-globally) 530-1610Khz except in North America (US/Canada) where the upper frequency is 1710Khz.
In North America it is generically referred to as AM. AM and FM refer to the mode of transmission (Amplitude Modulation), FM is(Frequency Modulation) and not specific to any frequency range.
The FM broadcast band operates in a band known VHF(Very High Frequency)
However globally the channels are not always the same. Some countries are odd some are even. (99.9 , 100.6 Mhz) This is also true with the AM broadcast band (940, 791 Khz) .
All these differences in broadcast frequencies are set by international agreement to avoid interference with other countries and other users such as aircraft in the VHF.
Depending on where you are situated globally whether you country is even or odd. If this is the case then you are tuning in between stations.
On the other hand If I misread your question and it simply a misunderstanding of terminology. Hopefully my detailed answer clarifies everything and then some.

Radio frequency