Web design what to use Photoshop or Illustrator?

Question: What should I use to design websites, Photoshop or Illustrator?
Is there a correct software or is it more a personal choice?
Comment: Also, be aware that there's many other options than Illustrator and Photoshop
Comment: @SaturnsEye The structure, layout
Comment: What is your content going to be?
Comment: That is indeed an opinion-based question. There's lots of software to design a website. Ai, Ps, Dreamweaver, directly in the browser. Each have their fans and detractors.
Comment: @SaturnsEye I am learning and i am trying to choose a tool.
Comment: @spiral are you reffering to corelDraw, expression studio ?
Comment: Are you trying to understand what tool to use to create the structure of a website or to create content for a website?
Comment: If you're new to this sort of thing, I'd recommend something like Dreamweaver.
Comment: Oooh, Gimp, Gimp, Gimp! :-)
Comment: I prefer InDesign myself
Comment: Fireworks, Sketch, Macaw, Gravit, Affinity...
Answer: I disagree with Anaksunaman's answer in regards to Photoshop.  The other day we had a similar question that I answered (Organizing PSDs for developers) where I mentioned that in this evolving era, we as designers and coders must evolve with the workflow and using Photoshop is archaic and serves no purpose anymore in web design as an EFFECTIVE means of development.  Its still a great tool for photo manipulation but using it to implement a website design is pointless, to me.
I will recommend (reference: What are the steps in designing a website?) that a better approach can be achieved with Illustrator especially with using artboards.  Although, I'm not referring to designing the entire site in Illustrator Im talking about the wireframe and mockup.  You should still design in the browser but if you design any icons they can be completed in Illustrator and exported.  If you are going to be developing branding or anything print related I would surely hope that the logo you developed is in vector shape and that vector shape can be saved as an SVG for a scalable image in responsive web design.  So a simple mockup or anything icon related can be exported out as SVG code and included in a XHTML document (reference: I made a map in AI, but the file size is HUGE as an svg?)
On the topic of coding I believe that Dreamweaver is pointless and wasted money and if you ask around at a few web development companies that I've talked to they chuckle at Dreamweaver.  Its ok for new users but people that I have worked with that started using Dreamweaver relied heavily on the design preview area instead of working on the code and code completion is a bad habit for a new coder to rely on. You wont remember how to properly code if you always use code completion starting out.  There are some great and powerful code editors that are free such as Notepad++, Text Wrangler (I prefer BBEDit which is paid) and Sublime Text.
So a recap to your question "Web design what to use Photoshop or Illustrator?":
Both, image manipulation use Photoshop and Illustrator for logo, mockup, wire-framing, icons and anything that can be executed as a SVG.  After your mockup is completed I would work in a code editor and develop the rest of your site.
Comment: Would it it appease you if I told you I did large portions of my work in GIMP, Inkscape and Notepad++? :-P
Comment: I don't even use Gimp or Photoshop much anymore..  I've found if I have to edit images I just use ImageMagick and work paid for Adobe =)
Answer:
photoshop or illustrator ?

Yes. And also likely

paper
pencils
wireframing tools
javascript
html
css

In other words, you have a toolbox, and you will use the right tool for the particular task at hand.
Comment: The bottom line of your answer is correct, but I didn't really learn anything from reading it. Some concrete examples (like in Darth_Vader's answer) would be useful.
Answer: Unfortunately, I would argue that this is not a binary question since any graphics program can output content to be used on a web site. So, in that regard, it is much more of a personal choice.
That said, if you aren't doing any sort of immediate coding (just mock-ups and exporting elements to use, etc.) Photoshop is by far the most widely used product. Clients may want or expect that you use this product and similarly, third parties that deliver to you (such as if you outsource logo work) may deliver their finished products to you in .psd format. Thus having a copy of Photoshop is highly recommended regardless of what you choose to do day-to-day.
For your own work, features between Illustrator and Photoshop are similar enough, you certainly can adapt Illustrator to produce front-end web designs (the graphical portions). A simple Google search turned up this result for some basic settings for CS5 that would help web designers. Remember that Illustrator is aimed more squarely at vector-based images and print, so may require a little thinking outside the box if used for web design.
Adobe Dreamweaver comes in second behind Photoshop on the almost must-have list, likely, at least if you will be doing any coding with your design. For entry level work with code (and some proprietary hassles) Adobe Muse is a sort-of alternative to Dreamweaver. There are of course plenty of other fine products that do similar stuff, but again, popularity picks Dreamweaver.
Alternatively, there are handfuls of good free code editors such as MS Visual Studio Express, Komodo and Notepad++ (and you can even use MarkdownPad for some basic content work.) What you lose by not using Dreamweaver is WYSIWYG, mostly, since other products have code completion, etc. But if you really want WYSIWYG sans Dreamweaver, there are other products as well.
If you want a non-vector, raster alternative to Illustrator that isn't Photoshop, you can likely use Corel products if you wish or the open-source Gnu Image Manipulation Program (GIMP). The GIMP has the advantage (like the alternative code editors I mentioned) of being free.
Any good tools you use should (will) likely have some sort of a "slice" option for exporting final elements from your mock-up (assuming these aren't already sorted out and saved separately). Other than that, there is very little in the way of "must have" features in my opinion except in the name of convenience.
To be honest, you literally could do all your web design with MS Paint and Notepad if you were versed enough...
Answer: You can use both for Web design depends upon your choice but when it comes to deliver web designs/wire frames early then Illustrator is a lot quicker and easier to use for this task.
Answer: I also like fireworks for website design. Interesting post -http://boagworld.com/design/fireworks-vs-photoshop/
Comment: Fireworks has been discontinued and is no longer available.
Comment: And yet its a tool that many of us still use.
Answer: For me Illustrator hands down but you can do almost anything you want with Photoshop and if you can't afford the full creative cloud package then I recommend you try to find enough money for Photoshop CC.
If you can afford the creative cloud then i recommend the following:

Adobe Muse CC for Wire framing and layout design
Adobe illustrator CC for icons, logos and any other illustrations
Adobe Photoshop CC for manipulating and editing photos

Adobe muse is where all the magic happens. It was built by some of the people who built InDesign and its been designed so print designers can publish websites live on the web without writing a single line of code.
Mock ups no longer have to be in pdf format, instead you can create a responsive design that the client can really get a feel for how it works in the real world. But if you do still want to create pdf presentations as well, then I suggest you download the Awesome screenshot chrome extension because you can't export pdf of png files from muse; well not that I know of anyway?
I also recommend that you eventually code the website yourself and don't leave it all just to muse as you will create a better built site in the long run.
I also want to mention that a lot of web designers don't even use design software, they simply just design right in the browser, right from the start.


SBS 2011 Folder Redirection not working after migration

Question: I followed the  Migrate SBS 2008 to SBS 2011 guide which worked well.  However RedirectedFolders haven't migrated over properly - Windows 7 workstations are still actively connecting to the old RedirectedFolders shared folder on an old file server, as well as the new RedirectedFolders shared folder on the new SBS server.
Can someone please assist?
Group Policies were updated under User Configuration -> Policies -> Windows Settings -> Folder Redirection, using the following settings for required folders.

Below is a screenshot of one user's two RedirectedFolders, with the new server on the right.  As you can see the old server's RedirectedFolders are being updated (Desktop, My Docs etc), but the new server isn't.

On the Windows 7 workstations, event logs are seen: ID 502 "Failed to apply policy and redirect folder "Desktop" to "\New-Server\RedirectedFolders\User\Desktop". Redirection options=0x80001021.".
Answer: Have you tried running gpupdate /force in an administrative command prompt on the win7 machines?


What is the difference between annexing, occupying and taking over a country?

Question: Hitler in WW2 annexed or took over Austria, but occupied France and Belgium. What is the difference?
When Hitler took a sliver of Poland, and Czechoslovakia, did he take over or did he occupy it?
Comment: This is a basically a matter of definitions, for which WIkipedia furnishes two detailed articles: [Annexation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexation) and [Military occupation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_occupation). Please read these first and, if they do not satisfy your inquiry, then please edit your question to make clear what you find unclear or dubious. "Taking over" is a colloquial English description, not a term of art.
Comment: annexations involve politics whereas occupations involve the military.
Comment: Czechoslovakia was split into 3 parts, Sudetenland was annexed, Central Bohemia/Moravia was occupied and Slovakia became a puppet state (we could say it was "taken over").
Comment: Not to mention parts of Slovakia were annexed by Hungary instead. And that one small part (Zaolzie) was taken by Poland, before being taken by Germany. You know it's complicated and words have no much meaning outside of their context.
Answer:
Question:
  What is the difference between annexing, occupying and taking over a country?

Annexing is when you add a territory to your country.  Where you say this is ours now, it's within our boarders, falls under our laws.  An example would be Israel annexation of the Golan Heights.   It's typically a designation which occurs after "taking over" and "occupation".  Golan Heights taken by Israel in 1967, then occupied for 14 years, finally annexed by Israel in Dec 1981.
Occupation is typically generally temporary designation, what occurs after a war to ensure no future war.  The allies occupied Germany and Japan after WWII.  It doesn't necessarily change borders or national designations.  It's the positioning of foreign troops inside a country, and placing that country under your governance, generally military governance.   It differs from annexation in that the occupier acknowledges the land is still not their possession even while they station troops there, provide for it's security and governance.  Occupation generally follows conquest or taking over and sometimes occupation turns into annexation.
Taking over a country is probable the most arbitrary case.  It could be a revolution where an internal force "took over" the country.  Like the Communists took over Russia in 1917, or China is 1949.  It's not an annexation because to merely take over a country or region doesn't speak to it's future designation and relationship as an independent country / region.  "Taking over" in it's basic forms just means a change of who's in control without speaking to why or any future plans.

Question:
  When Hitler took a sliver of Poland, and Czechoslovakia, did he take over or did he occupy it?

Hitler did annex parts of Poland and Czechoslovakia in WWII.  Further he took over and occupied large swaths of the countries.  All of Czechoslovakia and about half Poland which he split with his then ally the Soviet Union.
Hitler set up independent states in both countries, which were puppet governments answerable and dependent upon Germany.  If Germany had won the war no telling what their future arrangement would have been, but it's pretty clear it would have been favored the interests and desires of Germany.
Comment: Occupation happens during wartime also.  If your troops are on enemy soil, you have occupied territory.
Comment: The German government of the time had the legal opinion that Austria and some other territories *were part of (Greater) Germany*. That is how they drew their maps, that is how they defined their citizenship, and so on. As far as the Nazis were concerned, Austrians were Germans. By comparison, in the Generalgouvernement German officials and industrialists were to rule over and exploit a Polish population that was politically and economically disenfranchised. And in the Netherlands, German officials ruled a population that was seen as almost Aryan. Many but not all of the Dutch people disagreed.
Comment: @o.m,  That the Nazi's believed Austria was part of "greater" Germany is understandable given Adolf Hitler was Austrian, not German.  Thus the Nazi belief in the association is both convenient and self serving.
Comment: @JMS, this highlights shows the difference between annexation and occupation. In one case, a country wants to integrate another into their polity. In the other case, it wants control without integration.
Answer: Military occupation of enemy territory in war is a temporary war measure which is usually ended by the peace treaty in a few months or years.
Annexation, often the result of peace treaties at the ends of wars, is intended to be permanent.
Of course, because nothing is certain in politics, war, and diplomacy, some "temporary" occupations have last longer than some "permanent" annexations, but as a general rule annexations last many times longer than occupations, often for centuries.
Here is a link to a map of German territory in World War II.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Germany#/media/File:German_Reich_1942.png1
The darkest area, the German Reich, contains the original German Reich and territories already annexed by Hitler, intended to be permanently German.  The lighter colored occupied regions include areas Hitler may or may not have intended to stop occupying at the end of the war and also territories in the East that Hitler intended to annex to Germany at the end of the war or before, but had not yet done so.
Answer: The Annexation of Austria was done to supposedly bring order in a neighbouring country where there was political chaos making use of a vacuum in power. By annexing the annexed territory becomes part of the annexing nation. Occupation brings in an army but can use puppet politicians from within the country like the Vichy regime in France. A take over is a more colloquial term referring to the taking over of political and/or military power and has to be specified more in the context used. If you look at Sudetenland it was annexed from Czechoslovakia and eventually the rest of Czechoslovakia was occupied.
Comment: So annexing and taking over are essentially the same thing? The country that was annexed goes under the rule of the county that annexed.
Comment: Germany annexed Austria and essentially Austria was included into the Reich. That means from that point on Austria became essentially part of Germany. Belgium, Netherlands and parts of France were occupied with an occupational force of the German army with puppet political regimes, while Vichy France became a puppet state loyal to Germany without an occupational force but military presence was not excluded. Italy occupied a small prtion of France too. A piece of northeastern France was asigned to German settlers while the coast line became military territory strictly off limits to the French


How should I do tawbah after committing zina?

Question: I fear committing zina. I had a love and I was heartbroken because I did not even talk to him to avoid zina, but I ended up committing it. I was mentally ill at that time and I am a female so it is presumably forgiven. Soon after committing, I did Tawana but now men harass me as I am of a maturer age now and I fear I will commit it again too. It is said that tawbah is accepted only once and I am religious so I don't want to be deprived of Paradise. Second I have also read that Allah does not forgive until repentance is done in front of everyone. How should I do tawbah? I want Paradise badly.
Comment: "Second I have also read that Allah does not forgive until repentance is done in front of everyone." Islam encourages you to hide your sins (and good deeds), which would be strange if it also encouraged you to repent from your sins publicly.
Comment: Salam and welcome to Islam SE the Q&A site about Islam. Please consider taking your time to learn more about this site and our model by taking our tour] and checking our [help].
Comment: It seems that all your information is based on wrong statements. I don't know what tawana is. The door of twabah are always open as long as you are alive. Repentance is done between you and Allah nobody should know your secrets check the site and you will find answers on your issue!
Answer: Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

"And those who invoke not any other ilaah (god) along with Allaah, nor kill such person as Allaah has forbidden, except for just cause, nor commit illegal sexual intercourse ___ and whoever does this shall receive the punishment.
The torment will be doubled to him on the Day of Resurrection, and he will abide therein in disgrace;
Except those who repent and believe (in Islamic Monotheism), and do righteous deeds; for those, Allaah will change their sins into good deeds, and Allaah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
And whosoever repents and does righteous good deeds; then verily, he repents towards Allaah with true repentance"
[al-Furqaan 25:68-71]

it is said that when a person feels unhappy about the sin, it is the sign  of a believer.
You can see, there is true repentance at the end of verse.True repentance means that you should use that unhappiness in your heart  and ask for forgiveness and make a commitment in your heart that you will never ever do it again.
Tears mean a lot, When they are from a true heart.
Answer: In Quran, Allah clearly says that he has promised to forgive man if he repents sincerely and promises not to repeat it.
Try your best. If you fail, repent again and take a resolution of never repeating it.
Even if you fail 100 times, but your intention was sincere repentance with a resolve of never repeating it, Allah promises to forgive you.
All deeds are judged on the basis of intention. Niya'at is very important.


Italicized text becomes pixelated

Question: I'm having an issue whereby text that is in italics (font verb light italic) becomes pixelated. I thought this was an issue with the way illustrator displayed it but seems to follow on into the exports as well. How can I solve this?
Comment: I guess you have pixel preview on and your exporting to a raster format?
Comment: @cali I have pixel preview off and yes I am exporting to .png
Comment: Is your PNG composite at bottom at 100% pixel size (when view 100% size in a new tab, rather than the reduced size in the post) or is that a "zoomed" view?
Answer: This may be obvious, but I don't know your level of familiarity with Illustrator. Is text anti-aliasing turned off? Make sure that's not set to "none."
Comment: Thanks for this I have experimented with these settings to no avail
Answer: Of course it is pixelated because now the image is formed by pixels.
Assuming you are viewing the image at 100%, real size, no zoom, and you do not like the look, you feel it is too harsh, you can export the image at double size, for example at 600ppi and after resampling it on Photoshop trying different settings until you find some aliasing that you like.
But the truth is that the image you posted looks fine to me.

Italicized text becomes pixelated


Doubt on lightning channel opening

Question: It's 5 days since I opened my first (and unique, for now) lightning channel.
Unfortunately it seems that only me have funded the channel while the counterparty didn't, so the channel it's actually a unidirectional channel.
Indeed the output of the command lightning-cli listchannelsshows direction: 1 (I'm running the c-lightning implementation).
Is it normal that the counterparty doesn't have funded the channel yet after 5 days or I should think I've misconfigured my channel?
Answer: Channel funding (and the distribution of funds) is determined at the time of channel opening. Once opened, a party cannot 'add funds' to the channel, this would require opening a new channel.
If you opened the channel and did not specify that some number of sats should be pushed to the remote node at the time of opening, then the channel will open with the entirety of the balance on your side. Note that pushing sats to the remote node is equivalent to making a payment to the remote node.
If you send a payment using the channel you opened, you will gain an ~equivalent amount of incoming capacity.
The current BOLT spec does not include multi-party funding, but this feature is planned for future updates to the spec.
Comment: So, as I thought, I misconfigured the channel. But now the point is: how can I open a bidirectional channel and start to forward payments? Where can I specify that "some number of sats should be pushed to the remote node at the time of opening"? The 'fundchannel' command of lightning-cli doesn't seem to have that option
Comment: At this point in time, every channel starts unidirectional (unless you push funds to the remote node); once you make a payment it will become bidirectional. Keep in mind: pushing sats to the remote balance will mean you are giving those sats to the remote node. I'm guessing you have the goal of earning routing fees, but the reality of the current network is that unless you are a well positioned and highly liquid node, you will likely not route payments. Certainly, any routing fees you could earn would be less than whatever amount of sats you push to the remote node at channel opening.
Comment: I am more familiar with lnd, which allows you to specify a number of sats to push to the remote node during channel creation, lightning-cli may not have that option. In any case, you'd be better served by just making a normal payment to send some sats to the other side of the channel. At least that way, you can potentially receive something for this payment, rather than just giving sats to the remote node for no reason.
Comment: It is worth mentioning that by using the `push_msat` part of the protocol was intended for testing only, and wasn't supposed to be exposed to the end user at all. You're basically giving away some of your funds to a complete stranger. The canonical way to balance a channel in c-lightning is to have somebody open an incoming channel and then using the rebalance plugin (https://github.com/lightningd/plugins/tree/master/rebalance) to balance those channels by paying yourself along a circular route.

Doubt on lightning channel opening


What tonic chords follow a dominant seventh chord?

Question: For my music theory quiz tomorrow my professor said we need to be able to "Identify a dominant seventh chord, then tell what tonic chord it would lead to." I can identify dominant seventh chords but I'm not sure what he means by "tell what tonic chord it would lead to".  Can anyone help me with this?  Thanks.
Answer: The dominant chord of a scale can be used to 'drive' the harmony toward the tonic.  We say that the dominant's function is to resolve to the tonic. The dominant chord doesn't have to be used this way, for example it can be followed by the sub-mediant (chord vi) to make an interrupted cadence.  But the relationship between the tonic and the dominant is very important indeed.
We know that for a specific key, there will be one tonic and one dominant based on the notes of the 1st and 5th degrees of the scale respectively.
So your it sounds like your professor is asking you to determine what the key is based on the dominant 7th chord you have been given.
How do you do this?
Here's an example: take a G7 chord.  You know that the dominant of a key falls on the 5th degree of the scale, so you just need to find for which scale G is degree 5. Start with 5 at G and count down until you reach 1 and you get... C.  So G7 is the dominant seventh chord of C major.
Note that the dominant seventh chord can be built from notes that occur naturally in a scale (e.g. G-B-D-F in G7 are all found in the C major scale).
Comment: This is OK except I think the explanation about G being the *fifth* degree and then counting down *four* is confusing. When we number intervals '1' is the note we start on. So counting down from G - G is 1, F is 2, E is 3, D is 4, C is 5. And the reason the G7 sounds like it wants to resolve to the C major chord is that the B in the G7 chord wants to resolve upwards to the C and the F in the G7 chord wants to resolve downwards to the E.
Comment: @BrianTHOMAS yes I had been unsure about how to phrase the counting...  I will clarify it.


Quick question about fingering chords

Question: I've done a search but couldn't find anything so here I go - is it nessesary for both hands to finger the chords the same way? I have small hands and can only reach an octave comftably and am struggling with 8th and it's making fingering some 7th chords the same both ways difficult, usually I'm having to change whenever I'm using 4th or 5th finger. I just started learning alone through the internet, I'm learning how to play synths and after learning how to program them I started working on being able to play the keys. Want to play jazz/blues piano, with focus on improvising
Answer: I would say play what feels comfortable. It may be something that a teacher would encourage you to change as you progress but I say just do what feels right. A classical pianist may have different opinion here but for jazz and blues I think it is fine. As you get better and your hands get stronger and more flexible you may find that you can play it the way you are having trouble playing now, but don't worry about that too much, it will come naturally as you progress.
Answer: You appear to be asking: do both hands play the same notes (an octave apart, maybe)? So with an A minor chord, do I play A C E with l.h. and the next A C E with r.h. an octave higher?
Answer - you can, but it's not always necessary. As long as the notes are all played, so there's an A, a C and an E somewhere, that's fine. In fact, here, the A is important, as it's the root, and the C is the m3rd., the E, as 5th, isn't really needed to be played. So you could merely play a combination, even using different notes in each hand. It's called voicing, and there are hundreds of different voicings possible for each chord.
With chords containing 4 or more notes, there are even more voicings, and often they get varied in a song. The lowest will more often than not be the root, but the other notes can be anywhere, there's no need to double up with both hands. In fact, it's probably the worst thing you can do throughout a song.
Answer: No, you don't have to. Assuming both hands need to play B-F-G from lowest to highest (G7/B chords), for example, you may use 1-4-5 for the right hand, but you shouldn't use 1-4-5 for the left hand because the F and G are too close together to support that fingering. Try 1-2-5 instead.
Answer: My advice is DO NOT BE A SLAVE TO NOTATION and don't play beyond your physical limitations.  Make them your asset.  Find ways to use what you've got to create your sound.  Especially since you said you want to play jazz/blues piano, with focus on improvising.  Here is why stretching for notes you can't reach is bad.
When you stretch, not only are you creating micro tears to your tendons which can lead to tendonitis but, you are throwing off the balance of the arm/hand/fingers.
Your arm, hand, fingers, can ALL only go in one direction at a time.  When you stretch out your fingers (abduct) you are pulling in two directions.  Then when you play down by either arm weight or incorrectly with the flexors, that is a third.  If you are clawing or lifting any fingers high with your extensors that is a fourth.  All these pulls or vector forces create a lot of tension in the hand and this leads to uneven playing and strain because the player is trying to play in multiple directions when really they only want to play one: straight down. Sure, you can shake out the tension but that doesn't solve the problem, only the symptom.
Honor and obey your limitations and they will serve you.  My teacher Lee Shaw stood barely five feet tall and could barely reach an octave but you could hear her playing walking tenths all the time.  I can reach a tenth and I'll never be able to sound like her.  Nor would I want to.  Jazz musicians should not be poor imitations of someone else but rather experts at speaking their own voice.
You want to keep all the fingers in their neutral position as much as possible and let the arm group the fingers rather than isolating them and creating stress filled stretches. Abduct all your fingers, what do they WANT to do?  Adduct. I cringe at people who stretch out and position their fingers, they are creating tension before they even play a note.
We've all been to clubs where we heard people trying to sound like Oscar Peterson, Art Tatum or Garner, etcetera and on their own, these people are very good but they are still poor imitations.
Here is a recording of tiny Lee doing her own thing:

My friend Liz played a lot of community theater shows and a lot of those "piano" scores are actually condensed conductor scores and not intended for piano.  Instead of picking and choosing what to play she tried to play every note which today, has crippled her.  Do not be a slave to notation.  Especially when it is out of your grasp, literally.
When I was a stupid kid, as opposed to being a stupid adult, I used to be able to run and jump over an eight foot trench at my lake.  My friend Scott was a foot shorter than I was and he couldn't make the span.  That didn't stop him from trying.  What stopped him eventually was breaking his arm while trying.
Embrace your limitations and grow from there.

Quick question about fingering chords


Approve child items if parent item approved in Sitecore workflow

Question: How to approve child items automatically if parent item is approved by reviewer in Sitecore Workflow?
Answer: There's no out of the box functionality to approve child items Sitecore, but it is a common enough of a problem.
Basically you would need to write a custom approval action that checks all related items when the main item is approved, and sets the workflow of the related items (or subitems) to approved state.
Here's one example of how this could be done: http://sitecorepromenade.blogspot.com/2015/10/workflow-with-auto-publish-related-items.html
Answer: There would be many arguments to implement this feature. How many child items would you want to make the same status as its parent one?
Suppose there are many depths of sub items, would you update them as well??
We already implemented customized workflow actions and we are using two options.

If you want to update only page's related items including child item and datasources, you can run the customized workflow action to update its all related items.
If you want to update the workflow status only the parent's child items (doesn't care any related items), we use Powershell script.

Here is my blog and we have updated some classes so far, but the code would be helpful as a starting point. You can check only the code. Sorry for the different language.
http://sitecorespace.blogspot.com/2015/04/workflow-related-item.html


built in webcam is not shown

Question: Hi I am using compaq cq40 144tu notebook.
i installed xp on it.
i cant see any webcam in it.
I reinstalled xp in my system,but there is no change in it.
previously it done well,but now i am not getting any webcam in it.
there is no imaging devices in device manager.
How can i get my builtin webcam back.
Answer: I am not sure, but it might be a Chipset Problem. If it's only a clean XP Installation you might install various drivers:
i found a listing here:
http://laptop-driver.blogspot.com/2009/02/compaq-cq40-144tu-xp-drivers.html
(i have not checked the contents, use at your own risk)
install HD Sound aswell, i remember having trouble with other components on one of my systems without that driver, or just install drivers for every part of your system.

built in webcam is not shown


can you limit what an employer can disclose about you

Question: I want to list a former employer in California that I resigned from as work experience on my resume but I will not include anyone from that company as a reference.  I do not want anyone from that company disclosing anything about me besides start and end date.  Is there anything I can send this former employer's HR department to limit what they disclose about me?
thanks
Answer: You can ask nicely, but there is nothing you can do legally to prevent your former employer from making disclosures related to your former employment so long as they are true.
Answer: California Labor Code Section 1198.5 provides former employees the right to receive a copy of the personnel files and records that relate to the employee's performance or to any grievance concerning the employee.
You may send a formal notice requesting for a copy of your file. In the same letter, you may  request the HR for the company's policy on what information the firm discloses about former employees employment history should a third party inquire. You should definitely receive a response which may alleviate your concern of disclosures or assist you in developing a strategy to reduce adverse exposure.


Why did Serpent die?

Question: Was really excited about the prospects of working on Ethereum with its python implementation but learnt that it's getting deprecated...why has this happened and can we hope for any other python wrappers?
Answer: Vyper is the successor to Serpent. It is under active development, mainly by Vitalik himself.
References:

Vyper
Answer: With regards to why Serpent was deprecated, Vitalik recently Tweeted that he considers Serpent to be "outdated tech".
The Serpent README has been updated in the last couple of days with the following:

Being a low-level language, Serpent is NOT RECOMMENDED for building
  applications unless you really really know what you're doing. The
  creator recommends Solidity as a default choice, LLL if you want
  close-to-the-metal optimizations, or Viper if you like its features
  though it is still experimental.
Answer: Take a look at our security audit for Serpent to see why.
Basically, it's very a bad quality, untested and unmaintained insecure project.
Comment: @SergeiTikhomirov yes, the project lost momentum and the community is focused on Viper now.
Comment: Why are there no attempts to fix this? Is it because Viper is considered the successor?

Why did Serpent die?


Noise very slow to import

Question: I'm importing my library to noise (there are about 12000 songs in my library, and it's been going 3 hours so far. It's about half way through, so likely to be totalling in the region of 6 hours. Is there anything I can do to speed up the process short of submitting a pull request to thread the library import?
Comment: I'm having the same issue. I love the look and feel of Noise, but it takes too long to import a big library (~140Gb of music files, some in mp3 and the others in flac). This is the only thing that keeps me from using Noise. : ( Rhythmbox completes the scanning in less than an hour. I have an i7 (notebook) and it uses ~95% of one of the cores of the processor, and slows the response of the SO. This is not problem on it's own, but is a core used at high load for really long time, so it becomes a little anoying. PD: Sorry about my english, I'm a little rusty.
Comment: It does seem to be purely because the app is single threaded. I might look into threading it myself if I can find where the source is hosted... I guess this question becomes a feature request now :)
Answer: That bug/feature request is the way to go. In fact, one exists, so please subscribe to the bug report here for when the devs need help testing solutions. If you want to give the open source devs some extra incentive, try putting a developer bounty on the task. And of course, if you're interested in writing it yourself...

Noise very slow to import


How do you reduce floor sound transmission?

Question: How do you reduce the sound transmission through a floor? Using "green glue" between a couple layers of plywood subfloor seems to work well. Are there any other tricks or suggestions?
Comment: To the level below.
Comment: Do you mean transmission through a floor to a part of the building below it, or carrying through a floor to another part of the building on the same level?
Answer: Here's what we've done so far. I'm curious whether there may be better techniques...

R-19 batts between joists to reduce noise transmission through air
liquid nails on top of joists to reduce squeeking subfloor
first layer of 1/2 inch plywood
"green glue", a gummy substance to reduce foot fall noise transmission
second layer of 1/2 inch plywood
rosin paper
hardwood planks

Actually we haven't installed the hardwood floor yet but we tried walking around on the subfloor and talking in fairly loud voices and neither could be heard in the floor below. Adding another layer of wood should only help.
One option that we skipped is to use joist isolators which are pads that go between the joists and the subfloor.
I've been told that there are three principles at play when trying to reduce sound transmission:

the denser the floor the better (ie concrete is better than wood)
the thicker the floor the better (ie 3 inches of wood is better than 1)
the fewer (and softer?) the points of contact between floor and ceiling the better (eg green glue and joist isolators)

The first two are pretty clear. One example of the third is if the ceiling below is dropped and does not use the joists above for support. Instead the ceiling uses only the walls on either side, and ideally the wall studs aren't connected to the joists either.
Answer: Recording studios have to solve this problem all the time. You may find good information by hunting under that aegis.
One thing to take note is that transmission of high frequency and low frequency have very different solutions. High frequency it's mostly a matter of stopping the air motion; since you're taking about floors, you want to damp out low freq:

Large mass helps by converting vibrations to lower (subsonic, inaudible) frequencies. The extra layer of subfloor you added is extra mass. The canonical solution to blocking lowfreq is a big bookcase full of heavy books; think about that on its side.

Physical isolation with a sound-dampening substance also helps--reducing the amplitude of the transmitted vibration. For example, rigid foam strapping over the joists before nailing the subfloor down might assist with the noise transmission through the wood. This sounds like your 'joist isolators'. Or a thick pad under a carpet (if there is a carpet).
Ironically by tying your subfloor tightly to the joists, you have increased sound transmission.

Spoiling the emittance of the listening side also helps. The ceiling of the floor below is acting as a big, taut speaker, magnifying sounds from above. This is what QuietRock does--it absorbs energy as it flexes, turning it to heat instead of sound. Putting irregular structure behind the wall might help alter its resonance, prevent booming noises from transmitting.

Sound diffusers help break up the sound. Because the sound you are creating is things like footsteps, this is harder to do--but be aware that the upper level can be amplifying the sounds by aiming them at the floor (think of the extreme case of a dome, which will reflect noise straight back at the floor). Acoustic tile in the upstairs room might help with high freq reduction, or baffles in the corners--or just more bookcases and sofas upstairs.
You can also add diffusers to the downstairs room, but you run the risk of making it sound 'dead' or making it quiet enough the muffled noise from upstairs becomes more annoying. ;)

Hope this works out!
Answer: Insulate between the floor joists.
Comment: Different types of insulation will be more effective than others.  For example the "cellulose" insulation is very effective at reducing sound, though it does not usually come in easy to use battes.  Also look for insulation products specifically designed for reducing sound.
Comment: I've heard that fiber glass can reduce airborne sound transmission to some degree, so could deaden peoples voices a bit, but has little to no effect on foot fall sound transmission through the floor to the joists to the ceiling below. So insulation seems to be one effective component but should be combined with others.
Comment: @aphoria - The sound will still be transmitted through the floor joists to the ceiling below.  The only way to really prevent that is by isolating the floor above from the ceiling below.  Carpet padding will help, glue between subfloor layers, a drop ceiling, a floating ceiling with hat track & sound isolating clips are all things that will help with that.
Comment: This will reduce echos, but it does little to really reduce the sound transmission.
Comment: @Eric Petroelje Can you elaborate? I've never heard (no pun intended) that.
Comment: @Eric Petroelje - You're right, the sound can transmit through the joists, but insulate the space between the joists does *reduce* the sound transmission.
Comment: @aphoria - yes, it certainly does help some.  Having done it before though, I have to say that I was pretty disappointed with how much it actually does help.  I think @jlpp sums it up pretty well.
Answer: Carpet + underlay works well.
If you are laying laminate flooring then using a laminate underlay is a good idea too.
Answer: I see several specialized products to mitigate sound transmission mentioned on HGTV almost daily.
One of them is always used above basement apartments by the contractor on the show Income Property. It connects to the joists and isolates the drywall below so it's only connected to them through a few screws. Unfortunately, I'm not sure what it's called, but Kinetics IsoMax looks like it may be the product they use. If not, it's similar.
The other product I saw mentioned yesterday on an episode of Holmes on Homes is called QuietRock. It's drywall product that blocks sound transmission as much as 8 layers of standard drywall.
Comment: I've edited my answer to add links to a couple of products. I'm not sure if I have the right sound isolation clips, but Holmes was definitely using QuietRock on the walls.
Answer: I have seen sheetrock that is advertised as "sound-damping".  Using this as the ceiling downstairs may help.  Not sure how good the claim is - it was vendor advertising.


Clock Widget on tapping does not open

Question: I currently switched to Samsung Galaxy s3! The first two days I would tap on the digital clock widget on the home screen to access the alarm. However, yesterday the software of the phone updated by itself. And after the update, when i tap on the  digital clock widget on the home screen, nothing happens. I cant access the alarm clock by tapping the clock widget anymore. please suggest.
Answer: On my S3, the clock widget no longer launches the clock app or alarm. There is, however, a designated alarm app that may be used. That, or you can use a clock widget from the Play Store, there are quite a number that offer a similar experience to Samsung's default Clock app, that allow you to launch a shortcut when tapped on.

Clock Widget on tapping does not open


How to literally take the wing off a single engine Beechcraft-style airplane?

Question: First off I do not want to do any kind of maintenance. I was driving past an auto junk yard and saw they have half of a low wing, maybe a Beechcraft, airplane and I would like to try and buy the wing for a table or some type of project. I would like to know what kind of tools required to do such a task other than a sawzall!
Comment: Taking a wing off can be difficult if you don't know what you are getting into. There are cables, fuel lines, electrical, etc in the wing, one of which can cause a fire. The best thing to do if you really want this is to find an A&P and pay them a couple hundred bucks to take it off.
Answer: A normal collection of combination wrenches and sockets, in inches, plus pliers, wire cutters etc, the ole' help along hammer, small bolt cutters for cutting control cable, etc. should do the trick.  Maybe sawhorses to rest the fuselage and wing on.  If the wings are individually removable, they'll be attached with two big bolts or two rows of smaller bolts, just inside the cabin under the seats, and a singe bolt at the back on each side.
The main thing to take care with is there'll be a hydraulic line running out the wing root to the landing gear leg with red hydraulic fluid (similar to ATF fluid) in it for that side's brake, so you should disconnect at each end and drain the brake line first, and there is probably a fuel tank so you need to make sure that is drained and be ready to catch fuel when you disconnect the fuel line connection at the fuselage.   If it's been sitting there for years the fuel is probably all gone but best be ready just in case.  Bring along a fire extinguisher while you're at it.
It's not much different than cutting up a car except the metal is easier to hack at if you want to take the sawzall to it.
Comment: Exactly the info I was looking for, Thank you John K and Ron Beyer!! I was a body man for about 9 years so the work itself doesn't scare me I wasn't sure if there were any specialty tools required. Once again thank you both!
Comment: @CharlesMGorman as you're not looking to use it as an aircraft part, even if special tools were normally needed you could just take a hacksaw or or cutting tool if need be.


Does the time-independent Schrodinger equation in 1D have an exact and general solution?

Question: The (time-independent) Schrödinger equation is for sure the most important equation in quantum mechanics:
$$-\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\nabla^{2}\psi(\vec{r}\,)+V(\vec{r}\,)\psi(\vec{r}\,)=E\,\psi(\vec{r}\,).$$
Let's consider the one-dimensional equation,
$$\frac{d^2\psi(x)}{dx^{2}}-\frac{2m}{\hbar^2}\left[V(x)-E\,\right]\psi(x)=0.$$
We can also rewrite the equation as
$$\frac{d^{2}psi(x)}{dx^2}+ S(x)\psi(x)=0,$$
where
$$S(x)=-\frac{2m}{\hbar^{2}}\left[V(x)-E\,\right].$$
Is there is an exact general eigenvalue-eigenfunction solution for such equation? And if it's not possible to get the exact eigenvalue-eigenfunction solution, can the equation be solved in a pure mathematical sense? I'm not talking here about the WKB approximation method; I'm talking about an exact and general solution. So does this equation have analytical solutions?
Comment: @Lubavius The problem with 1D hydrogen atom is that one needs to cut off the divergence in energies. But with a cutoff the solution is a textbook case - if I am not mistaken, it was first published in the American Journal of Teachers, as having only pedagogical value. This paper later became very  cited in the context of excitons in carbon nanotubes.
Answer: No.
If we view the Schrödinger equation simply as a second order differential equation, then no, it doesn't have a general solution that we can find. Let me add that, from the mathematical standpoint, the equation alone is not even sufficient to have a well posed problem; it needs to be supplemented by the boundary conditions. The solutions for the same type of potential may be easy to get for one set of boundary conditions and hard or even impossible for the other. For example, the harmonic potential case, $V(x) = \frac{m\omega^2x^2}{2}$ is exactly solvable with open boundary conditions, but solving it with hard wall conditions, e.g., at $x= \pm a$, already requires solving transcendental equations; i.e. the solution is no longer exact. (However, some particular cases, such as the case of one hard wall at $x=0$ are still doable.)
But yes.
One may question the very notion of an exact solution: usually it means a solution in terms of simple functions that can be handled with pan and paper. Some people would generalize this to using special functions — Bessel functions, hypergeometric functions, etc. However, this notion of "exact" ultimately traces itself to our ability to calculate the numbers. When we need to calculate a sine, an exponent, or a Bessel function, most of us turn to a computer... but once we accept that computers can be used, almost any one particle Schrödinger equation is solvable. Note that this is not true for many-particle problems, where the problems easily get NP-hard, i.e. impossible using modern computational power (but possibly solvable with a quantum computer).
And formally, yes.
Using the evolution operator one can construct a formally exact solution, evolving from an exactly solvable case, which is quite a common procedure when developing all kinds of perturbation expansions.
Comment: Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation has been [moved to chat](https://chat.stackexchange.com/rooms/115217/discussion-on-answer-by-vadim-does-the-time-independent-schrodinger-equation-in).
Answer: For a few potential functions $V(x)$, there are exact analytical solutions. For a general potential, there aren't, so one must use either numerical techniques or analytic approximations.
Answer: There is no general solution. But this is not only due to different possible potential functions, but also due to the boundary conditions. No differential equation can be solved without boundary conditions, and those can vary according to the problem.
Moreover the case distinction $E<0$ and $E>0$ leads to very different solutions. The first leads to descriptions of bound states, whereas the second one leads to scattering solutions, both very different.
Comment: *"No differential equation can be solved without boundary conditions"* —actually, every differential equation can. E.g. Bessel equation has two linearly independent solutions: $J_n(r)$ and $Y_n(r)$.
Comment: @Ruslan:  It'd be more accurate to say that "no differential eigenvalue problem" can be solved without boundary conditions — the Schrödinger problem is an eigenvalue problem, after all.
Answer: It should be noted that the most famous analytic solution can be acquired for $V(x) \propto x^2$, which is the harmonic oscillator. For $V(x) \propto x^3$ you already need perturbation theory.
Comment: Thanks for pointing out my mistake, Stark effect is of course linear perturbation of the Coulomb potential. I've edited the answer.


Nvidia 7800 gtx (drivers not working for 12.04)

Question: I bought a used nvidia 7800 gtx card and plugged it in to the motherboard and then plugged the monitor into the the vga portion of a dvi to vga converter located in the back of the card. I booted up and got a 640x480 resolution. I then attempted to install the nvidia 304.37 driver. I now know that this driver has been updated to 304.64. Anyway, I installed the 304.37 driver, restarted the computer, the screen went white and black then dropped me to a command prompt.
I have since uninstalled that driver, reinstalled 304.60, 304.64, and attempted a couple of others -- all of which were unsuccessful. The furthest I have been able to get thus far is the 'ubuntu' picture showing when the operating system is loading.
I have googled this for a while now and some other things I've tried are sudo apt-get install nvidia-current nvidia-settings, sudo apt-get install nvidia-current-updates, sudo apt-get install nvidia-experimental-304, searching the kernel log file for hints (I read it could be an issue with nouveau but found nothing in the log files about noveau). I did find in the log files this:
     NVRM: Your system is not currently configured to drive a VGA console
     NVRM: on the primary VGA device. The NVIDIA Linux graphics driver
     NVRM: requires the use of a text-mode VGA console. Use of other console
     NVRM: drivers including, but not limited to, vesafb, may result in
     NVRM: corruption and stability problems, and is not supported.

So me not being able to boot into the gui only happens when the monitor is plugged into the card. I'm able to boot into the gui (lightdm I believe?) when I have the monitor plugged into the on-board graphics though * however, I'm only able to get 640x480 resolution now and that is the only resolution available to me *.
My main concern is getting the video card to display the gui, after that I'll work on the resolution problem. Unless the resolution not displaying all the possible values IS the problem. But I don't know what the problem is, which is why I came here. So anyone who might know anything about this feel free to post some things to try. I'm pretty new to linux and ubuntu so don't rule out me not getting something obvious.
Answer: Remove the existing driver
Codes:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get purge nvidia-current
sudo apt-get purge nvidia-current-updates
Installing NVIDIA driver
Codes:
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-current
Then restart the computer and do this:
Code:
nvidia x server settings
If "nvidia: command not found"
Try Code:
nvidia-settings
Done!
Comment: After purging the existing codecs, adding the repository, running those `sudo apt-get` commands and restarting I came across another white screen of death so I restarted again and typed `nvidia x server settings` and got eh command not found error. Then I type `nvidia-settings` and I get this error: `ERROR: The control display is undefined. Please run nvidia-settings --help for usage information`


Immigration time at Houston airport

Question: I am travelling from Mumbai to Lafayette via Munich-Houston. As Houston will be my first port of entry in US, I will have to go through immigration. The layover time at Houston airport is one and half hours. Will I be able to go through immigration in such a short time and board my connecting flight to Lafayette?
Comment: Is this on a through ticket, or did you buy your India-Houston and Houston-Lafayette tickets separately?
Comment: I had bought a single ticket from Lufthansa from Mumbai to Lafayette
Comment: I had booked the ticket from Lufthansa's website
Answer: Almost certainly yes.
If you look up average wait times at IAH you will see they are typically 10-15 minutes throughout most of the day, though in some cases (like very early morning) can be much longer.
If the airline booked this all on one ticket, then they think you can make the connection, and they are responsible to put you on a later flight if you are delayed in immigration.
Note that these are security wait times, when you get to the US you will have to collect your baggage first before clearing customs; this can take time as well.
Comment: @Blackbird57 DHS has done a lot of work in the past couple of years to speed up immigration, not only at IAH but at most other US airports. One of the big things is that repeat VWP visitors can now use automated passport kiosks. That alone helped cut the lines quite a bit. And of course US and Canadian citizens can do passport control from their smartphones.
Comment: @Abhijeet Not to mention, you'll be on United metal, and if you do miss the flight, there are many other flights between IAH and LFT. If you miss the 15:36 flight, the next one is at 17:35, then 19:05, then 21:22.
Comment: They know you're coming and depending on the airline, if enough people are stuck in customs, they'll delay the flight.
Comment: I do remember Houston immigration being speedy, but those numbers seem almost too good, just me ?
Comment: @MichaelHampton didn't know that, thanks for the info !

Immigration time at Houston airport


Is there a way to align multiple vertices to another vertex?

Question: I need to align some vertices up with the vertices that is extending out the furthest on the X axis. I want to know if there is a way to make them all aligned in one step. Instead of messing with each vertices X position. Is there a way to do that?
Comment: Possible duplicate of [Straighten Vertices Along a Line](http://blender.stackexchange.com/questions/33525/straighten-vertices-along-a-line)
Answer:
Set pivot point to 'active element' and transformation orientation to 'normal'.
Duplicate the edge you want them to be parallel to, move it with G and Z twice (along normal) and extrude it (E+Z) to create a clear normal.
Select your unstraight edge and afterwards the created polygon, so the polygon is the active element.
Hit S to scale, Z twice and move the mouse or just press 0 to make it completely straight.
Delete the temporary polygon.

Works always, no matter how your object is weirdly rotated in 3D space.
Comment: Also it is possible to [align view to the edge](https://imgur.com/h60DXWk) which you'd like to scale along. This would allow to skip steps with duplicating it, extruding and deleting.
Comment: Wow fantastic informative answer. I think I understand why this active element scale tricks work. Is it because the closer you get to the active element while scaling, the closer you are to 0 you are? I guess this is why when you enter 0 they all scale evenly?
Answer: IMO the fastest way to do this is by using the active element as pivot.

Set the pivot to Active (⎇ Alt.):

Select the vertices you wish to align, being sure to select the vertex you want to align them to last (so that it is the Active vertex):

Scale (S) the selection to 0 along the axis you wish to align along. In this case, the X axis. So SX0:

All at once:

If your object isn't aligned to the axes, then you can use a custom transform orientation.
Before doing the three steps above, select one of the edges running lengthwise and press ⎈ Ctrl⎇ AltSpace. This will create a custom transform orientation with one of the axes aligned to the selected edge (in this case the Y axis):

Note that to use the custom orientation when scaling you'll have to press the axis key twice. So SYY0:
Answer:
Select all vertices you want to align
To align them, scale them to 0 at the axis you need, so in my case I press SY0
Turn on the magnet and snap to vertex
Grab the Y axis handle and move it over the vertex you want to align the selected vertices.

This is the easiest way for me.
Answer: When the model is aligned to the coordinate system, my prefered method is scaling:

Select the vertices Alt-RMB
S,X,0

Then translate manually G.
When the object is rotated this method can also be used for local axis.
Press X twice to constrain on the local axis.
S,X,X,0
Comment: A modest improvement: select the vertex at the final desired location, and copy the value on the x axis from the transform pane of the properties shelf. Rhen perform the steps stacker outlines above, except that the last one instead of movin with the G key, copy the x value into the appropriate box in the transform panel of the properties shelf.
Comment: Personally, i'm confused why this hasn't more upvotes. Simplest way IMO.
Comment: @Rielight the answer is incomplete because it suggests to complete manually.
Comment: Excellent answer. I think i am starting to understand now how vertices and transform orientation works. Thanks
Comment: This is how we used to do it when I was using 3dsmax in a professional setting. I would also add that usually I will couple G with snap. I will just copy a vertex and place it to where I want the them to all line up. Then do the scaling to zero. Afterwhile I would hold cltr and snap to the closest vertex switched on ... even faster than cutting and pasting the x value! - cheers.
Answer: Try this:

Enable the LoopTools addon if you haven't already
Snap the cursor the the outermost vert, you'll need to mark this position for a later step
Select the line of verts and use the appropriate front/side ortho view so you are looking directly at the edge. Hit W > Looptools > Flatten and set the mode to "from view". That will arrange all the verts to a straight line, but it will be at the average location instead of the farthest. Luckily, we marked the farthest point in step 2...
Hit Shift+S and select "selection to cursor (offset)". This should bring everything forward to the outermost point.

Not the simplest or most direct way, but should get the job done without having to move each vert individually or guess at the position.
Comment: Awesome answer. I researched a bit into loop tools and it looks like a very helpful add on! Thanks for the support.
Answer:
Example of Shrink Wrap of Cylinder in Edit Mode.  Interactive.  The top vertices are in a vertex group.

Create vertex group for the vertices in question. Create cube target.
Use Shrink Wrap Modifier.
So convenient.
Answer:
Select the scaling manipulator (circled in the picture).
And then grab the x-axis handle:

Use it a couple times until all the vertices are lined up, then press G and then press X and move the mouse to where you want the vertices at.
This is the simplest way to my knowledge.
Comment: Man thank you all for the help. All these methods are extremely helpful!