Are the cores of every mountain range igneous?

Question: Every volcano is a mountain, but not every mountain is a volcano. Still, it strikes me that--at least for the mountain ranges I can think of in this moment--they all seem to have igneous cores. Is this generally true, or are there plenty of examples of mountain ranges with sedimentary or metamorphic cores?
Comment: What do you mean by "core"?  After all, if you go deep enough, you get to igneous rocks eventually.
Comment: Not pertinent to the question, but is "every volcano is a mountain" necessarily true? :-)
Answer: Many mountain ranges do not have igneous cores. The front ranges of the Rocky Mountains in British Columbia are created by thrust faults that push sedimentary strata up to form the mountains. The driving force for this motion is a subduction zone located 100's of kilometres to the west. I believe that the Himalayas mountains are formed in a similar fashion.
See the following Wikipedia article: Geology of the Rocky Mountains
Answer:
examples of mountain ranges with sedimentary or metamorphic cores

Mount Everest.
At an elevation of 7000 metres and higher, it is all sedimentary rock. Below 7000 metres, it is metamorphic of sedimentary protolith. There are some igneous intrusions into it, but the bulk is a metamorphic schist.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest#Geology
Answer: Orogeny (the building of mountains) is the result of converging plates, but the composition of the resulting mountain range will vary depending on tectonic setting:
Subduction
The subduction of an oceanic plate under a continental plate will create a volcanic arc (such as the Andes). This is called an accretionary orogen. Partial melting of the mantle wedge above the subducting plate will generate magma, thus igneous rocks intruding the crust (or erupting at the surface).
Continental collision
This tectonic regime will lead to a collisional orogen. If the crust gets thick enough, the lower crust will partially melt, generating granite plutons. Also, part of the oceanic plate that once existed between the continents can be uplifted onto the crust. That's how today you can find gabbros and pillow lavas in the Alps at 3,000 m a.s.l., while they were formed at an oceanic ridge 2,500 meters below sea level!
So in any case there will be a certain amount of igneous rocks in the core of a given mountain range, even if they might not be exhumed yet.
Answer: Addressing is every volcano a mountain:
Nope. Some are actually depressions called calderas, when they have erupted and the resulting emptying of the magma chamber caused the roof to collapse, or if they erupted only once, leaving behind a maar. Examples: Yellowstone, or Phlegrean fields are calderas, volcanic Eifel has "Maare" (German plural of Maar).
There are shield volcanos, calderas, lava domes, ...


Should the access review queues button be visible to users with less than 500 reputation?

Question: I have recently noticed, that in the top bar there is a button that says Review queues and takes me to /review. I thought that meant I now have enough reputation to access the review queues, but upon clicking on it, I was greeted by a completely grayed out list. I personally find this slightly distracting and confusing. Shouldn't the button be hidden from users with less than the required 500 reputation?
Comment: Users are able to review suggested edits on their own posts at any reputation. Also, why not allow users to discover the feature early?
Comment: @MartijnPieters In one of the older versions I found out about it through the reputation FAQ, which I can't find anymore.
Answer: Yeah, this didn't make a lot of sense. Heck, arguably putting the review privilege for Docs at 100 doesn't make a ton of sense either, but there were good reasons to do that... Still, they don't warrant such a major disruption to the top bar for folks who can't do much in review just yet.
So, we removed the review icon until the Access Review Queues privilege is earned. See: Where did the Review Icon go?
Answer: There is a one more queue which is opened at 100 rep which is Documentation review is present at bottom of all review queues which you might overlooked. I have sufficient rep so I am unable to tell that all users are showing review icon or not, but you are certainly able to view Documentation review queue which might be a reason.
Comment: For me it's at the top, but I missed it, because it has 0 entries.


What does the word "Islam" mean?

Question: In the UK, there is debate about what what the word Islam means. Maajid Nawaz claims it means peace, Anjum Choudary claims it means submission.
What does the word Islam mean?
Comment: As a side note, neither of these men is a true representative of any meaningful community of Muslims. They are from two rejected extremes.
Comment: Linguistic meaning doesn't really carry much weight. I could say cardboard and cards are philosophically similar because they're linguistically similar, but not really.
Comment: @Muz the way words are initially constructed by people shows their intended purpose.
Answer: To understand these different meanings of "Islam" a very small Arabic lesson below:
In Arabic (or Hebrew) you will see that words are very inter connected and most verbs are derived from a combination of 3 Arabic alphabets called as roots letters; hence:
Peace in arabic is called "salaam" (root S-L-M)
Submit in arabic is called "islam" (root S-L-M)
So both words come from the same roots.
Analogy in English
In English we do not have the concepts of roots but,
just for the purpose of an analogy is the word "orange" which can mean the fruit orange or the color orange.
But when we talk about the fruit "orange", it also happens to define its own color i.e. "orange".
Conclusion
So those on either side of the debate wouldn't be technically wrong. But if you refer to the Quran, it does use the word "submit" for islam إِسْلَامُ i.e. submit to Allah. It is however sometimes confused with the greeting that muslims say which is "Salaam".

"So whoever Allah wants to guide - He expands his breast to [contain] Islam;.." (Quran 6:125)
Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-L-M
Comment: They both come from the same root, but what does the root mean?
Comment: As mentioned, root is a combination of 3 alphabets.  In this case S-L-M .
Answer: Islam comes from the trilateral root "SLM". Like all trilateral roots in Arabic, it denotes not a single word but a family of concepts. In this case the concepts are all related to "peace" and "submission". The life of a human on earth in Islam is viewed as a test of faith against evil - the struggle between good and bad. To end a struggle, there must be submission - a giving up of evil - complete surrender to love and freedom. Without submission to what is true and good, there can only be chaos and destruction - which is the opposite of peace.
"Islam" comes from a higher-level conjugation derived from "salama".
A comprehensive meaning of "Islam" cannot fit in one word in English. A better approximation of "Islam" is:

Peace - which is achieved through the willful submission/surrender of
  one's soul to the will of Allah.

So whether you say it means peace or submission, both are correct.
People who are pro-Islam often say it means "peace". Many who are anti-Islam especially for political reasons - they mostly opt for using the word "submission", in a negative sense.
Edit
Just adding on from the popular Abbas Nadwi dictionary:
Islam is synonymous with the word "silm", which means peace, reconciliation, self-resignation, submission, as it is used in this verse of the Quran:

"Oh you who believe! Enter into al-Silm wholly." (2:208)

Where the word al-Silm is used to represent "Islam". I've added more detail at the end of the answer in the follow-up question here:
What do the words "Muslim" and "Kafir" mean?
Answer: The above is the proper English rendering with support of Quran 2:208 that defines what the word Islam means and implies in the "Arabic text". In Arabic we would say "al-islamu assilmu or al-islamussilmu which means Islam is Silm
Edward William Lane - Arabic Lexicon, the world's leading lexicon on classical Arabic defines the arabic word "silm" as follows
http://www.tyndalearchive.com/tabs/lane/

In the Arabic language there are about 6 words that mean submission, however each of them have different implications defined by their derived root words and only one of them implies "peace". The root SLM or salima/salama has been already mentioned above. The English word "submission" has a negative implication in the English language and western culture. It's the same with the word "slave" translated from the Arabic "'abd" rather than "servant" in the context of Islamic teachings.
The problem is that many translators whose native tongue is not English that are not experienced or familiar with western English culture can unintentionally misrepresent words that have opposite implications from what is implied in the Arabic language that they are not familiar with.
To conclude the Arabic word "islam" with proper implication to the original Arabic means "to reconcile in peace with God" or "to have reconciliation in peace with God". There is no one word in English to properly and fully convey this Arabic word without having additional commentary on it.
Answer: The following is the same lexicon entry of the Arabic root SLM or salima/salama in which the word islam, silm, salam, muslim are derived from. As you can see there is no implication of submit or submission defined in the root
Comment: Please don't post two answers unless they're actually two different answers; if you just want to add information to your existing answer, use the "Edit" link on that post to do so.
Comment: It would not allow me to add two links for the picture reference, however if you can merge them it would be appreciated.

What does the word "Islam" mean?


How do I customize keyboard shortcuts in Windows XP?

Question: Some Windows shortcut key combinations are interfering with my WinSplit Revolution shortcuts.
Where are these shortcuts defined in XP and how can I change them?
Answer: You can try changing some via HotKeyBind, AutoIt, AutoHotkey and such programs. You cannot change most of the system implemented default ones (like Win+  E for explorer, Win + R ... and such). I had a question regarding this on SO, and this has been one of the Windows annoyances for me for a while now.
Answer: If the conflicts are ones that start programs, then they are defined as shortcuts in .lnk properties - however there are no defaults so you -- or someone -- has to have set them.
You can go into explorer and do a properties on each .lnk file -- or if you have some programming skills you can do as I did -- see bottom of this answer.
I found this was implemented "horribly" in XP -- apparently the start menu "tree" of .lnk files is NOT scanned and loaded into a little table.   So if you haven't used a shortcut in a while it will have to look thru and open every .lnk file until it finds the right one.
Instead I prefer Macro Express, and while fee-based, is definitely worthwhile.
I wrote my own "find all shortcuts" program, which is in KEDIT and thus not "portable" (for it relies on non-free Kedit to run).  But the LOGIC might help someone else do a search:
The logic is this:  read the 65th and 66th byte of every .lnk file in the documents and settings\ files.
The 65th byte is the "key" with a decimal 220 meaning "\"; and the 66th byte is a bit of "what other keys go with it":
'00000110' = "Ctrl+ Alt "
'00000101' = "Shift+Alt "
'00000011' = "Shift+Ctrl"
'00000100' = "Alt       "
'00000010' = "Ctrl      "
'00000001' = "Shift     "
P.S. I probably could rewrite this in AUTO-IT to be portable if there is a need and no substitute.
Answer: I don't know where they are defined or how to change them (I don't you really can change most, if you can at all), but here is a list of them.
Answer: Try HotKeyBind. You find a short description here.


Is there a Halacha that sons may not be present at the burial of their parents?

Question: Is there a Halacha that sons may not be present at their parents' burial? I've heard that if the sons wasted seed (G-d forbid) negative forces are created which would be detrimental at the burial site so the Rabbis said that sons should never come for the actual burial. Anyone hear of something like this? (sources please)
Comment: I'm skeptical that this a widely followed position.
Comment: Someone (female, whose father was buried in Israel without a coffin and who was not present for the burial) told me that the deceased's children are often absent from burials in Israel because people are buried without coffins and the sight is hard for the children to bear. Fwiw. Ping also @DoubleAA
Answer: The Chevra Kadisha in Yerushalayim strictly does not allow a person's children or grandchildren to be present at his burial.  This is based on non-halachic, Kabbalistic considerations.  This is not because of anything the son may have done, but because the person who passed away may be guilty of certain sins.  In any case, I have never heard of this minhag being followed anywhere outside of Yerushalayim.  Even in Yerushalayim, in the last few years they have become less vehement about this minhag, due to strong protests of families that were shocked to hear that they couldn't go with their parent or grandparent.  But one cannot rely on this; if it is an important consideration, one would be well advised to purchase their plots outside of Har Hamenuchos or Har Hazeisim.
The source, I've been told by members of the Chevra Kadisha, is a Zohar in Breishis, involving Adam and Chava and Kayin.  I never saw it inside.  It may be there, it may not.
I realize the answer would be more useful if I could cite chapter and verse.  I can't, and I see no need to go digging, since it's not something that pertains for the communities outside of Yerushalayim, and, again, it is another example of Kabbala in opposition of mesora.  Take it or leave it.
Comment: Thanks for adding in the source. By the way, I actually meant how *you* know it: which you amply answered with "I've been told by members of the Chevra Kadisha". The extra info you added is even better. `:-)`
Comment: This answer would be much improved with an indication of how you know this: a source.
Answer: I found this: http://books.google.com/books?id=f83YJDHRZycC&pg=PA70
And this: http://www.judaicseminar.org/halakhot/father_burial.htm

May a son attend the burial of his father? I have been told there is a problem of shedim. Is this possible?
Rabbi Shamah's response: Although some discourage a son from attending his father's burial, this is a practice not mentioned in the Talmud or in a single classical Jewish source including Shulhan Aruch. Rabbi Solomon D. Sassoon a"h considered it contrary to the spirit of the Torah and countermanding the misvah of honoring one's father. An excerpt from the Encyclopedia Judaica under the entry Demonology (v. 5 p. 1530) may help place this matter into better perspective.
"The sexual element in the relationship of man and demons holds a prominent place in the demonology of the Zohar... remarkably similar to the beliefs current in Christian and medieval demonology... these demons... need the human semen in order to multiply. In the later Kaballah it is pointed out that the demons born to man out of such unions are considered his illegitimate sons. At death and burial they come to accompany the dead man, to lament him, and to claim their share of the inheritance; they may also injure the legitimate sons. Hence the custom... in a number of communities (dating from the 17th century) of not allowing the sons to accompany their father's corpse to the cemetery in order to prevent their being harmed by their illegitimate step-brothers."
Answer: This much is definitely true: The chevra kadisha Prushim in Jerusalem does not allow a son to carry the body of his father from the funeral home to the hearse nor from the hearse to the grave. I read about it in this article and experienced it first hand. The explanation  there is:

descendants of a male deceased will not participate in the funeral procession (this is based on a kabbalistic tradition whereby the sperm cells that the deceased "spilled in vain" during his lifetime - that is, did not become children - will accuse his living children)


Should I freeze my green coffee beans to prevent infestation?

Question: I get 10 or more pounds of green coffee beans (Colombian Supremo) in a 'burlap bag'.  Should I freeze the lot of them for a few days to rid them of potential pests?
Answer: You failed to give us any details about the variety, provenance or history of your green coffee beans. Nor did you elaborate on what kind of potential pests you are worried about so all we can do is speculate vaguely.
The only likely pest to be found in green coffee beans is the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei. This is a tiny, 2mm black beetle. And legitimate green beans would invariably have been fumigated to eradicate this pest.
Drying green coffee beans to critical water content levels, followed by freezing @ -15C for 2 - 6 days appears to be an effective alternative to fumigation. However this would normally be redundant to fumigation that has already taken place. And there remains some controversy about the impact of freezing upon cherry quality.
Comment: yea ... i have had no problems with my supplier. The beans are very nice and the price is good, maybe too good!


fd0 error in ubuntu server 12.04 lts when trying to boot

Question: I'm using a ubuntu server 12.04 lts hostbox with a virtual windows domain controller(KVM) on it. There was a recent power outage and ever since then, it will not boot normally. When I boot it up, I get a brief splash of an "fd0 error" at post and then it either shows me a black screen or it gives me alternative boot options to older versions.
Here's where it gets funny. of the first alternatives shown, I can't boot to any of them(i get a black, blank screen, but on that same list there is also the option of "other linux versions). When i select that, it takes be to another list of older verions and when I select one of those, it boots into ubuntu just fine. I've left it running like this so that the Server can remain in use for the users, so for now, it's fine.
This is an environment where there are always users logged into the server, so i would like to have the least amount of downtime as possible. I've already went through all of the recovery and troubleshooting options/list and none of them worked.
Any ideas would be greatly appreciated.
P.S I'm trying to avoid a reinstallation here
Thanks
Answer: Hm. I had the same - after a while of searching I found out that the BIOS of the machine has somehow gotten corrupt - and indicated there's a floppy installed where there is not. Your post is a bit older - maybe it helps (you or someone else).
:-)


Yeast too stressed for bottling?

Question: I brewed a pumpkin ale and added extra fermentables.  After primary and secondary was done, I went to bottle.  While bottling I tried some and noticed the alcohol level was quite high.  After two weeks in the bottles, I drank one and it was flat, I tried another and it was flat too.  Is it possible that I stressed the yeast to the point that it wouldnt consume the priming sugar for carbonating?  If so, how do I fix it?
Comment: What was the OG and FG of the beer?  We don't know if the alcohol level is too high if we don't know what it is!
Comment: If you pour them back into a bucket, you're likely to encounter oxidation, I would advise against it.  If you didn't take gravity readings, can you detail your fermentables?  Was it all-grain?  extract?  What were your "extra fermentables"?  Also, what yeast did you use?
Comment: At this point, I dont have a hydrometer (it's on the way).  The only reason I said the alcohol level was high, was because I got a little loopy after drinking a couple glasses.  Typically dont get that effect from that small amount of brew.  I was thinking of emptying the bottles in a sanitized bucket, adding a small amount of yeast and re-bottling.  Will that help?
Comment: If you tell us the original recipe and what you added, we can probably figure out a likely OG.
Comment: It was a Northern Brewer "Smashing Pumpkin" Ale with an extra 3 lbs of dry malt extract.
Comment: And it was a White Lab California Yeast
Comment: Am I correct in assuming you pitched one vial of WLP001?
Answer: So after looking up the recipe sheet for it off of Northern Brewer, I see that the estimated OG is 1.054.  You say you added 3 lbs of DME on top of the recipe's ingredients.  Assuming you hit the estimated OG of the recipe, we can calculate how much the DME added to it:
1 lbs of DME = 44 gravity points (0.044) per lbs of DME, per gallon of wort.  You say you added 3 lbs, so that's:

3 lbs of DME * 0.044 SG for each lbs = 0.132 SG in one gallon of wort
0.132 SG / 5 gallons of wort = 0.0264 additional SG after accounting for 5 gallons of dilution
1.054 estimated OG from the recipe + 0.0264 ~= 1.080 OG of your wort after accounting for the DME

If we head over to Mr Malty's yeast pitching calculator and plug in 1.080 OG at 5 gallons, it says that we need 2.8 vials of liquid yeast to ensure that it ferments fully.  I assume you pitched one vial.
All that said, yes, your yeast is stressed really bad.  I'd be willing to bet it didn't ferment all the way down to the expected FG, even with the addition of the 3 lbs of DME.  At this point, since it is already in bottles, there is no easy solution to this.  You have the following options:

Try and pitch a small pinch of dry yeast into each bottle and re-cap.  Problem with this is that you will likely need to go in every day or two and un-cap them, as it is likely the yeast addition will over-carbonate and cause geysers/bottle bombs if left to build up enough pressure.  I would highly advise against this.
Risk oxidation by gently pouring them into your bottling bucket, pitching more yeast through the use of a 1-2L 1.040 SG starter at high krausen, hoping to kick start fermentation again enough to clean up the rest of the sugars, and then attempt to re-bottle after a couple of days, more advisable than the last
Enjoy it flat.  Which off-flavor would you like more, wet cardboard, or flat, pick your poison.

Others may have more ideas on how to address this issue.  Next time, I would consider pitching more yeast if I add more sugar than the original recipe calls for.
Comment: Thanks for the help.  I guess this is one of those learning curve lessons
Comment: [It indeed is](http://homebrew.stackexchange.com/questions/10134/bottles-not-fermented-after-3-weeks-of-conditioning-good-or-bad)
Comment: Well, I transferred it back into the bucket and re-pitched some yeast.  The air lock has been bubbling for almost a day now.  I know everyone says not to rely on bubbling, but until my hydrometer gets here, that's all I have to go on.  If there is bubbling, the yeast is doing SOMETHING. Hopefully that's a good sign.
Comment: While it is a good sign that there's activity, also keep in mind that there may be in fact some CO2 in the solution (although not enough to taste carbonated), and pouring it out of the bottles and into the bucket was enough agitation to get it to degass.  Definitely wait for your hydrometer before continuing.
Answer: Although I could not tell you the science or specifics, this is certainly plausible. I left a (semi crazy) ale in secondary (well tertiary I suppose) for two years once, and when I bottled I supplemented the yeast after consulting with some local experts. The primary yeast was a flavorful belgian; since all I wanted was carbonation I went with something plain (1056 or S04 IIRC). Boiled up a beer "tea" with the yeast, pitched it 15m after the priming sugar, let it all sit for 30-60m before bottling, and it worked great!

Yeast too stressed for bottling?


In "по-русски" - what does "по" mean?

Question: In Russian you say "я говорю по-русски" (ya govoryu po-russki) to say "I speak Russian". What does the "по" mean there?
Answer: First of all, like Matt pointed out, it's ja govorju.
Po is (or in this case, was) a preposition used here in its original meaning of "after/following" (its primary meaning in modern Russian is "over/across [a surface or medium]"). It's not technically a preposition anymore, as po-russki has long solidified as an adverb.
Curiously enough, though, it solidified in a form that would've been considered bad grammar in the Middle Ages. Po-russki blends together what were historically two different expressions: po rus'sku, "after the Russian [way/fashion]" — cf. modern Polish po polsku — and rus'sky, meaning "with [those things that are] Russian", cf. modern Czech česky. Slovak is another "offender" here with its similarly fused-together po slovensky.
In case you're wondering how "those things that are" got into something as simple-sounding as rus'sky/russki: this is the now-defunct instrumental case of the (also now-defunct) russka(ja), a nounless adjective that looks feminine singular but is actually neuter plural. It's the same nounless neuter plural that was extensively used in Ancient Greek and Latin. (It's how we got words like agenda, literally something like "the to-be-dones".)
Comment: @user907860 No it wasn't, you're extrapolating from examples that are about something else entirely, and potentially misleading to the learners here. It's called the "royal we" precisely because it's a "we", not an "I". A number discrepancy *between pronoun and verb* is impossible in Russian. Rather, like Matt said, "ja govorim" is regular Serbian/Croat/Bosnian, which was probably the source for this. Please, if you speculate, research it better.
Comment: about "ja govorim", please see my comment under matt's answer. It was normal in sort of "old style Russian" and hence can be heard now every so often
Comment: ^ Bosnian was the source.  I know it much better and often confuse Bosnia and Russian words.
Answer: First of all, "ja govorim" is wrong (though it may be ok in other Slavic languages, such as Serbian). In Russian it could only be "я говорю" (ja govorju).
Next, as "по-" is written together with the rest of the word (the dash doesn't matter here), it means that grammatically it's considered to be simply a prefix, which is used to form adverbs out of adjectives and possessive pronouns, e.g.: по-хорошему, по-моему, по-английски etc.
Thus "по-русски" is just the word "Russian" used as an adverb. You may also think it as something close to "in the Russian way", "as Russians do" or anything like that.
I believe this question is also related to: "На английском" or "по-английски"?

In "по-русски" - what does "по" mean?


How does Etherscan.io figure out constructor arguments without contract verification

Question: Recently, I've seen that Etherscan is able to automatically figure out passed constructor arguments.
how were they able to figure it out?
Comment: Can you give an example.
Answer: This was already answered in the comments to your own previous question
To summarize:

The transaction that created the contract is visible on Etherscan (example here)
The input data to that transaction, which is mostly the compiled bytecode of the contract itself, also contains the constructor parameter values in the last bytes (32 bytes per parameter)
Hence Etherscan is able to extract and decode the arguments passed, even without the source code, and so can you
Although it is not possible to know the names of the parameters without access to the source code, decompiling the bytecode can at least tell you what number and datatype/size of arguments is expected. You can use this to make sense of those 32*n bytes from the contract creation data (where n is the number of parameters)
Answer: The answer by Daniel Hume is wrong. Some constructors require more than 32 bytes for storage.  Here is a constructor that requires 8*32 bytes:
https://etherscan.io/address/0x317dc3f08f7947f363dfc7cb008048a5a5ea1840#code
So the question is still open.
Comment: Thank you for the correction, I've edited the answer to reflect this.


Backup data from a faulty external hard disk

Question: I'm using a 1TB USB 3.0 HDD from Western Digital. Since last month, the hdd has been so slow that it takes almost 30 minutes for my laptop to recognize the device! Opening a folder is a 10 minute task, and copying a file from the hdd to my laptop happens at 30kbps!! The hdd is almost half filled with data. The WD guys told they can replace the product, but is there any way to backup my data? Are there any tools out there which can read these kind of faulty devices and backup the data?
Answer: One option would be to remove it from the casing and try it with either another casing or directly connect to a desktop, but I expect this could void your warranty.
Failing this, you COULD try with a different operating system ( linux Live CD ) and see if the copy rate is faster. However I wouldnt raise my hopes too much. It doesnt sound like something that software can fix or handle.
Your only hope might be to copy overnight(s).
Comment: This. Remove it from the casing and hook it up to a docking station to get your data back.
Answer: I would clone the drive so you have all of its contents.  Use something like CloneZilla or DriveImage XML, both are free.
Answer: if you remove casing you can use another adopter but it may void your gaurantee if you feel ther is nothing wrong with hdd board and its a cylnder fault yo could but hard disk in double coated plastic bag or just use 2 plastic bag and carefully check there is no way water gets to it then put the hhard disk in freezer for at least 12 hours then try to recovering the data
http://forums.cnet.com/7723-7591_102-245494/hard-drive-in-freezer-question/
or
http://lifehacker.com/5515337/save-a-failed-hard-drive-in-your-freezer-redux


Can't boot into Windows 7 after installing Ubuntu

Question: After installing Ubuntu 11.10, I can't boot into Windows 7.
I have a new Asus laptop and after installing Ubuntu 11.10, whenever i start my laptop, I get the dual boot menu (it's heading is: GNU GRUB Ver. 1.99-12ubuntu5). If I just wait without touching anything the computer boots into Ubuntu, and I can start working. But if I choose the last row which reads: Windows 7 (loader)(on /dev/sda2) nothing happens, and after a while the computer boots into Ubuntu.
Someone suggested to open a terminal, type sudo update-grub, and enter my password. That would do the job.
I did that, but nothing changed.
Can anybody help me? I have to state that my knowledge in Ubuntu is close to zero.
Comment: Does this answer your question? [Unable to boot into Windows after installing Ubuntu, how to fix?](https://askubuntu.com/questions/217904/unable-to-boot-into-windows-after-installing-ubuntu-how-to-fix)
Answer: Have you tried downloading a lightweight Linux version such as Puppy Linux(It's Ubuntu based)? My reason for mentioning it is not to install it but because you can use it to re-install GRUB and because it's Ubuntu based it will also be  able to pickup Ubuntu with no problem as well as your Win 7 install. I had a similar problem and that helped fix it.
Answer: Is there a Windows recovery partition (Windows recovery environment) in your grub menu?  If the answer is yes(ASUS computers usually comes with that), try running it.  Sometimes the recovery environment overwrites the MBR (mine didn't, it depends on your computer's problems), so backup your stuff in Ubuntu first.
SECOND WARNING: This may destroy your Ubuntu System(or may not)!


If the impressions are very high and clicks are very low, should the keywords be changed?

Question: I have worked very hard for my website. We update it every two days. The site's impressions are good but the click through rate is like 0. Its been 6 months but it has not performed well in searches. Can anyone advice what should be the strategy in such a condition? Should I consider changing the keywords I want to rank for?
Comment: @DaveRook: Thats from webmaster tools.
Comment: Is this chart from AdWords?
Answer: This is really hard to answer. There is no reason why what you have is or isn't desireable, but it depends on the ROI / conversion rate etc.
However, I assume the reason it's not doing well is for a few reasons which include;
1) Poor use of the title tag - why put your company name in the title - it's on the website and is not important to searches (if some one searches by your company name they already know you and will find you). Make the title tag longer and relevant about each page. If you can't, then maybe break down each page into smaller pages so the title becomes relevant to the content.
2) You only use H2 tags - at one point, this 'was' the most popular tag to use, not any more. Set your H tags like a news paper (my results suggest this works effectively). Heading (H1) at the top, 2 or 3 max second headings (h2) and even a few smaller headings after (5 max H3).
3) You could improve the URL pages - for example, if I click on your site menu's 'IPHONE' the URL is uncategorized! That doesn't seem like a sensible decision.
There a few things to get going.
Answer: The keyword quality will influence impression numbers: if the keyword is good and you rank high, you will get impressions.
CTR is determined by other factors: as mentioned by Dave Rook, title is one of them (although it also influences keywords you want to rank for).
Other factors are:

Position in the page: if you rank #10 in each page, CTR it is thought to be naturally around 1-3%.
Meta description: if you have a good catchy snippet, more people will click through
Rich Snippets: Author Thumb, app thumb, stars of reviews, etc will increase your CTR

There are probably more factors, but I could only think about the ones mentioned above right now.
However, it might be that your keyword are targeting the wrong audience (for example, you want to rank for apple pies, and a lot people interested in Apple products are finding you in their searches, therefore they wont click on your links). If this is the case, I'd suggest to target different keywords (less generic). Otherwise you could "just" improve your CTR
Answer: What is your exact ranking for that keyword? you are # in serp?
Besides what has been suggested (inviting tittle, good description, wrong audience), it could be that you are simply not ranked high enough for this keyword. Notice that first 1-4 results of the search page receive most of the total traffic/impressions of the keyword.
90K is impressions of the first page on google, if you are #1 you get around 50% of this traffic, if you are #2 you get 20% and so on. I just made up the numbers but you get the idea...
From your CTR, I would say your exact position is around #7-8.
Comment: Sign out of your google account, and go to google.com write your keyword and see position of your website in the list. You sign out because recently google introduced "personal results" switch, which rigs the result page in favor of your friends websites.
Comment: How do I find my exact ranking for a keyword?
Comment: Few years ago a document leaked from AOL showing some CTR data from google SERP. http://www.redcardinal.ie/google/12-08-2006/clickthrough-analysis-of-aol-datatgz/ . However nowadays this should be changed quite a lot, since we have local results, news,search your world and much more mixing with the original SERP. 1% CTR sounds more close to pos 10 but it all depends on the niche as well. As for tracking, what Sandro Dzneladze said is correct, but unfeasible for large amount of keywords. Can build your own tool or use some automated rank tracker tool.
Comment: @SandroDzneladze: I dont have a single keyword. There is a keyword for everypage.
Comment: @StartupCrazy well I don't know what you expected, but you have to analyze each keyword, its placement, and traffic CTR and in General ROI for each keyword. That's why some SEO consultants are paid huge amount of money... cause this is tedious work.
Answer: I would recommend a three step strategy here:

Check your site's position for these keywords. If it is less than 10, then move to step 2. If not, improve your on-page and off-page optimization factors to get it under 10. Always remember. The higher your position, the better the CTR.
See the results that are listed before you for that keyword. Some results such as those from Wikipedia has got this natural tendency of attracting clicks. If you have got any such blocking results, I would recommend you to try changing your strategy and keywords.
If there are no blocking results, then edit the description meta tag to something a bit more interesting. Keep it simple and clean but striking and compelling at the same time. This will increase the click through rates.
Answer: Best to keep content original and high quality.  If your website is for web hosting then make your content around web hosting and web site developers.  Making your content relevant and different to everyone is key but only part of the efforts.
Comment: How does this answer the question?   They ask "Should I consider changing the keywords?"   I don't see how your post tries to answer that.


How Many vav Hahipuchs in each of the 24 books of Tenach

Question: How Many vav Hahipuchs (Conversive vav) are in each of the 24 books of Tenach compared with the number of letters / verses in that book.  As far as I know they are only in Tenach rather than Mishna or any subsequent work.
It would be interesting to see if the number of conversive vavs declines as prophecy declined in the 2nd Temple period.
I'd like to compare the ratio of conversive vavs in each book with the number of letters and verses in that book.
Comment: Goodness - too many to count, I'd venture. Can you describe a bit more about your motive for knowing this, or is it just a mere curiosity?
Comment: The Vav hahipuch only appears on Tenach.  I'm wondering if it is linked to nevuah.  If so, it's use may have declined as the power of prophecy waned.
Comment: If there are less instances in post Bavel book, that would be evidence for my suggestion.  Similarly, if there are more vav hahipuchs in Chumash than Nach that would also be evidence.
Comment: I had heard that one of the reasons for using vav hipuch is to convey the concept that time is both continuous and connected. I.e., the past is connected to the future and the future connected to the past. If you notice, in Hebrew verb conjugation, the present tense is "simplified" - there is no separate format for 1st 2nd and 3rd person; just singular and plural. Also, there is no present tense form of the word *haya* - "to be" / is / am. This is all within the concept that there is no true "present" time where time stands still. There's only past and future.
Comment: Thanks for that insight.
Answer: I don't have a count, but I can give some rules about its appearance, and from that we can make an estimation.
In narrative portions, the vast majority of verbs introduced with a vav (which is most verbs) use the vav hahipuch. (This includes the beginning of verses, chapters, books, even the first word of the Prophets at the beginning of Yehoshua.) Also in commandments the vav hahipuch is used with the same frequency.
Spoken statements tend to have more verbs without the vav hahipuch, even when those verbs are introduced with a vav. (But it is used in quotations as well, for example Bereshis 3:10.)
The books of Tehilim, Mishlei, Iyov (other than the narritive at the beginning and end, and the introductions to the speeches) Shir Hashirim, Koheles and Eicha rarely use the vav hahipuch. (However, those books also don't have many verbs with a vav introducing them at all. There are instances of vav hahipuch in each of them, but you have to search for it.)
The vav hahipuch is used in the books of Ezra and Daniel as much as in other books. It is not used in biblical Aramaic.
With this in mind, let us estimate how frequently the vav hahiputo is used in each book:
1-9) In Chumash and Neviim Reshonim, the average usage is for sure more than once per verse.
10-13) In Neviim Achronim there are more prophetic passages, and fewer verbs introduced with a vav. Let us guess that this averages out to one for every two or three verses.
14-16) The poetic books of Tehilim, Mishlei, and Iyov have very few vav hahipuchs in total.
17-21) Of the five megilos, two of them, Ruth and Ester, have more than one per verse, and the other three have very few.
22-24) Ezra/Nechemia, Daniel and Divrei Hayomim all have fewer vav hahipuchs, the first two because of the Aramaic portions, and Divrei Hayomim (like Ezra) because of long genealogical passages. Let's put the average at one for three verses.
So, as you can see, most of the books with very few vav hahipuchs are from the early First Temple period (or earlier, depending on when Iyov was written,) and Eicha is from the Exile period. The more prophetic books use the vav hahipuch less than the less prophetic books, on the whole. And the books from the Second Temple period use the vav hahipuch almost as much as the earlier books.
Comment: כי הוא אמר ויהי


How often can I repeat the road test in British Columbia?

Question: Foreign drivers who want to convert their license to a Canadian one must pass the Class 5 road test before they're issued a Canadian driving license. But the linked page fails to mention how often one can repeat that test - can I go in every single day until I get it right? Or is there a limit of some sort?
Comment: I'm seeing secondary sources that say 2 week wait.
Comment: Just for the record, licensing is provincial/territorial in Canada, so it varies from one province or territory to another.  Most provinces and territories have reciprocity with some countries, so it's not automatic that foreign drivers will need road testing, but many will.
Comment: @JimMacKenzie yes but in the case of BC most of the world's drivers are obligated to take the test. In comparison, my home country of Czech Republic converts licenses issued by any signatory of the 1949 or 1968 Road Conventions. Meanwhile any tourist can just drive in BC without any exams or preparation - go figure.
Comment: @JonathanReez BC has reciprocity with: AT AU FR DE EI JP NL NZ KR CH TW UK and US, plus Guernsey, Isle of Man and Jersey.  I know the list is gradually increasing in size.
Comment: @JimMackenzie the list is completely illogical as US driving licenses (who are the majority of those converting) are some of the easiest in the world to get. But the rest of the world is forced to waste time on bureucracy because ICBC apparently has very high standards.
Comment: @JonathanReez I don't think this is the forum to debate whether it's logical or illogical, but rather the forum to document what it *is*.
Answer: Here the ICBC is vague on their online site, but numerous blogs mention that the waiting period between road tests is 2 weeks, as already mentioned by @mkennedy.


What is my relationship to an object once I have pledged it as hekdesh?

Question: Once someone has pledged an object as hekdesh, what is his relationship with that object? He is able to redeem it, so does that mean that he still has some kind of connection to that object? If not, can anybody redeem an object that someone else has made hekdesh?
Comment: Check out Bava Kamma 68-70, Kiddushin 56a with Tosfot, BM 6-7
Answer: It seems from the Mishna in Arachin (25a) and the Rambam (Hilchot Arachin 4:19,20) that anyone has the ability to redeem a field that has been pledged as hekdesh. The only difference between the original owner and a secondary individual redeeming the field would be the need to add a fifth to the redemption price and the fact that if the original owner redeems the field, it would be his even after the yovel (ie. return to his ancestral estate) and if a secondary individual redeems the field it would revert to hekdesh after yovel (ie. not become a part of his or the original owner's ancestral estate).
Another interesting question, which is related to yours: If the original owner wants to redeem the field against the will of the temple treasurer would he be able to do so? If the answer is yes (and a secondary party is not able to do so) I would have to say that there are still some "rights" of the original owner to the field because of the fact that we try to avoid loss to ancestral estates and therefore allow a person to redeem his field even against the will of the temple treasurer in order to preserve his ancestral estate.


view inside a view with different arguments

Question: I try to create a view with NID argument and embedd inside as a field another view with totally ditfferent argument. I used module called views_field_view but it seems that parent view is passing arguments to child view, which cause to break arguments on child view- that is what I do not want. Is it possible to do such combination? Thank you
What I try to do: I try for days to come up with some decent solution to this problem: On each node there is a multivalue field (field_ref) for referrencing 2 nodes (can be left empty as well). Also each node contains another field for (field_par) referrencing parent node. Moreover, each node has taxonomy term.
Now, on current node NID I need to display referenced nodes from field_ref. If the field is empty I need to display the values from the same field - but this time from a node that is referrenced in field_par on current node. If this field is empty, it should display values of the same field but from field_par of the parent node etc. until the node with top term is reached.
My solution was fairly simple - Argument - Content: Has taxonomy term ID (with depth) set to minus values so I get all terms all the way up. Add relationship to field_ref and connect it with fields - for example title. This way I get all results coming from parent nodes with higher taxonomy terms. Then I restrict results only to 2 results and add sorting according to custom integer field that I created on taxonomy terms according their depth (currently there is no other way to sort terms according to their depth) And that is it.
Problem with this solution is that I am not able to get inside current node values because adding another argument like NID breaks functionality of taxonomy argument.

I was also proposed another solution: to add NID as main argument and to get values from parent nodes using combined relationship : Content: Taxonomy terms on node + Taxonomy term: Parent term + Taxonomy term: Content with term. Which works ok but this view is static.

Finally what came to my mind was to combine view with my solution as a field inside a view with NID argument. So that the main view would display current node fields and if empty, it would display the field with embeded view refults. But maybe the solution can be much simpler and I am overcomplicating it:)
Comment: It could be helpful to understand why the inner view doesn't share arguments with the outer view, or how the two are connected.
Comment: @Letharion I updated my question to provide more info
Answer: I can't immediately think of a simple solution to this problem, but I also don't have VFV installed anywhere, so I can't play around with it at the moment.
What I would probably have done, is created a ctools content type, called both of the views, and manually rendered through a specific template afterwards. This solution however is non-trivial, so perhaps you will need to search for a different one.
See What are Ctools plugin (content type, access, etc), and how does one create them? for info on implementing ctools content types.
Example of adding a specific template on top: Correct way to render a modules output through a template?
Answer: Finally I decided to go slightly different route - there is a setting in advanced tab in views - no results behaviour, which allows you to embed an existing view with it's own arguments.


Should I create designs for non-existing companies for my portfolio?

Question: I don't have a lot of hands on experience to put into my portfolio. I am wondering if I should create posters, mock up websites and other web designs and graphic design for non-existing companies and clients?
Comment: Concept art/work is a good way to start.
Comment: Related/duplicate: [What to put in my portfolio if I have not had any clients yet?](https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/q/91884/52050)
Comment: How could it hurt your portfolio, do you think?
Answer: Absolutely, yes. Do not be shy about your inexperience. When interviewing for a job - they know you don't have a lot of professional experience. If an interviewer wanted a designer with a lot of experience, you would not be in the interview in the first place.
As a hiring agent working within a budget, I am always looking for a diamond in the rough. And if a candidate has raw, underlying design skills - I have the eye to recognize that and I would love to hire them at the right price. No matter if the portfolio is real world samples or not.
If you do put in demo designs - they had better be no holds barred. You will have no excuse for compromised designs like some portfolios have with client-compromised situations.
A great start would be to redesign something in real life that you know you can do better. And show the before and after results in your portfolio.
Good luck!
Comment: Exactly, I expect concept designs to either be perfect or have a fictive briefing included.
Answer: Back when my portfolio was lacking I found joy in creating fake businesses and their entire branding. I even went so far as to take one idea, buy the domain, create all of the branding and auction off the domain with the designs.
You could take this time to show your extent of creativity and create unique designs. Don't be afraid to also mention that in the interview which will likely come up in a portfolio review.
You could also go back and look and what you've done and how you could extend it. With regard to the web, when traveling pay attention to companies you see, record their names and research their websites. If they have an older website you could do a redesign and use their content you've found. Afterwards you could use it as a portfolio piece and even go so far as to request a meeting with that company's owner/manager and pitch the new website design.
The non-profit answer is a good idea and if you do non-profit another form of payment could be a mention, for example if it's a website see if they will allow you an article on their site and a link in their footer.  There are other ways, for example if they have a benefit you can request they print something with your name in it. It's food for thought.
Comment: Those are good details and masterful tips, @DarthVader. But you are  only a master of evil.
Comment: Well starting out I wasn't evil.
Comment: Not my fault they casted low talent and tried to cheap out
Comment: No, but you WERE a horrible actor.
Answer: Yes, but
... you should avoid it.
A lot of non profit or individuals would love to get a willing designer's help. You are going to spend time (and time is a form of money) into this projects. Made them useful. Help people.
As a FOSS developer, I can't list all projects which show a poor experience or an ugly design. Open Source Design can be a start. Most of FOSS project are made with passion and wont produce any source of income. In FOSS world, you may renounce to some rights (see cc). Remember to check the team what kind of licence they use and how you will licence your work.
Should I create designs for non-existing companies for my portfolio?
Yes it is better than nothing, but what about working to improve the free world a bit?
Comment: Donating designs to non-profits is an awesome idea! I offer free labor several times a year for small and large projects. Perhaps @PSicurello can DO BOTH -- redesign some mock ups as quickly as possible so the job interviews can get under way; while offering to donate time to a non-profit?
Answer: Yes, you should.
It is much better to offer something to your interviewer rather than go empty handed.
This way, you will be able to show that you have the skills and could be a good investment for the company, since you lack experience you will be cheaper, and could achieve great things at a low price for the company.
I'm a living example of this.
While looking for a job (I'm a Frontend Dev), I searched for the company before applying for it.
I had nothing in my portfolio. But I had the knowledge.
Saw their needs, redeveloped their website just for the interview and got the job.
By the way, good luck mate!


Energy spectrum of a Dirac electron

Question: How do you explain easily "The spectrum of an electron in a repulsive potential " and hence "bound state of charge conjugation" in Dirac hole theory ?
Answer: I agree with Sigrlami that it is not easy to understand your question, but maybe what you have in mind is the fact that there can be bound states in repulsive Coulomb potential for the Dirac equation (e.g., Phys. Rev. C 23, 968–972 (1981))
Answer: Actually it will be better, if you write full sentence where you use this phrases.
"The spectrum of an electron in a repulsive potential" means that wavefunction of this electron describes impossibility for electron to occupy the same region of space where exists electron with the same spin.
Hence "bound state of charge conjugation", that it can't be provide replacement of the particle into the corresponding antiparticle (eg, an electron into a positron). Probably, because of forces exists in this region of space.

Energy spectrum of a Dirac electron


How to advertise routes to IPSec tunnels in OSPF using Cisco IOS

Question: I have Cisco 1800 series router (running C181X-ADVIPSERVICESK9-M) with lots of IPSec tunnels. I want to add this router to OSPF and configure it to advertise routes to remote subnets accessible via IPSec tunnels (e.g. if I have tunnel VPN1 with access list that allows all traffic from my network to 10.20.30.0/24 go through that tunnel, I want router to advertise route to 10.20.30.0/24 in OSPF).
Can this be achieved on Cisco IOS without explicitly adding routes to those remote subnets?
Answer: If I have understood correctly I believe a combination of Reverse Route Injection and OSPF redistribution with do what you are after.
Reverse Route Injection dynamically creates static routes for you VPN tunnels.
Redistribution will advertise the static routes via OSPF (or other routing protocols)
I am currently doing this way
Answer: The cleanest way to use a routing protocol over VPN is to use IPSec over GRE tunnels, you set up a simple point-to-point GRE tunnel with IPSec enabled and only allow GRE traffic in the IPSec tunnel. Then advertise OSPF inside GRE.
This Cisco article has got a few good examples:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk583/tk372/technologies_configuration_example09186a00800a43f6.shtml
Answer: Normal OSPF mode for a Cisco device is broadcast mode - this won't work over the tunnel.
What you need is point-to-point peering - it gets rid of the automatic smoothness of broadcast mode, but still does the job.
On the interface used for the traffic:
ip ospf network point-to-multipoint non-broadcast

And, in the ospf router config, manually specify the remote OSPF neighbor:
neighbor 10.x.x.1


Why is punishment allowed in Islam?

Question: To anyone reading I am not trying to say this in a hateful way or manner I'm just eager to know.There is capital punishment and other forms of punishment. Why do these even exist because they are so violent and Islam most definitely is a religion of peace. Stoning etc are very violent and when punishing someone for it, it basically takes their life away so they never get a chance to turn back for repentance. Can somebody explain why it is allowes? Also there were narrations where the prophet (pbuh) said stone people or throw them off high buildings. This is really violent and does not show peace. I'm not trying to say in a hateful way I'm just trying to learn that what is the point of punishment and why the need for it because it is not for repentance and the only thing you get out of it is a dead person. Why not just teach them to repent and change ways instead of killing them?
Comment: You need to do this so it stops other people doing these crimes, look how common in the western society to have adultery, if these people were stoned to death for this no one would do it. The Jews have and eye for eye law, the Christians turn the other cheek, but we Muslims do what it takes to stop it happing again.
Comment: Yes I learnt about justice and deterrence but sometimes it can be for something such as being sexually attracted to the same sex. This I find a bit unusual because aren't their some genetic relations that cause attraction towards the same gender. If a person is attracted to the same gender but doesn't commit any illegal acts (illegal in the case of religion) isn't this unfair? Btw I'm not gay if you thought I were.
Comment: in islam you can be gay and Muslim, you just cannot practice homosexuality. There is no punishment in Islamic law or the hearafter for being merely attracted to someone. But if a Gay restrains his soul from lust and purifies himself then Allah will definitely reward him in the hereafter  79:40. And Allah loves those who purify themselves for Him and they indeed are the successful ones 91:9.
Comment: Allah's command will keep those who fear Him from committing crimes. But what about those who don't fear Him? There are many such people driven by only desire. For such people, capital punishment is a means to deter them from doing such crimes. For a believer, the command of Allah is enough but for a disbeliever it bears no meaning in his heart, hence capital punishment is enforced.
Comment: whether you are homosexual or heterosexual, a person that follows his desired is doomed in the hereafter. All four imams do not agree on capital punishment for gays that practice homosexuality, some say this should only be done if there is adultery involved, other wise they are just punished (i.e. same as hetero). Also in the Quran: If two men among you are guilty of lewdness, punish them both. If they repent and amend, Leave them alone; for God is Oft-returning, Most Merciful.(4:16), thus no-where is capital punishment mentioned in fact here contrary to you post they are able to repent
Answer: Legal punishment is ordained, not just allowed, in Islam. The reason it is a part of Islam is because Allah says so, and He knows better what measures are effective and what is in our benefit.

ولكم في القصاص حياة يا أولي الألباب لعلكم تتقون
And there is for you in legal retribution [saving of] life, O you [people] of understanding, that you may become righteous.
— Quran 2:179

وعسى أن تكرهوا شيئا وهو خير لكم وعسى أن تحبوا شيئا وهو شر لكم والله يعلم وأنتم لا تعلمون
But perhaps you hate a thing and it is good for you; and perhaps you love a thing and it is bad for you. And Allah Knows, while you know not.
— Quran 2:216

People who are given capital punishments do get a chance for repentance, they are not magically, instantly executed upon doing the deed.

Why is punishment allowed in Islam?


What are some good resources for learning about tone/pedals?

Question: I've gotten to the point with guitar that I feel like I can play most things I want to with a bit of practice.  But that's just the notes.  I want to be able to actually shape the way my guitar sounds coming out of an amp and into peoples' ears.  The problem that I've run into with tone is that nearly every guitarist uses at least a few pedals, but pedals engage in complex interplay with the specific amp and guitar you're using.  Short of carrying my guitar and amp to music stores and trying out each pedal individually, is there any way I can learn more about this stuff so that I can at least guide myself towards what I would like?
Comment: This question may be helpful: https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/1838/glossary-of-guitar-effects
Comment: Just in case you understand German and are into electronics and/or physics: I can highly recommend Helmut Lemme's books. Really explains it from a scientific perspective, not just the usual explanation-by-similar-vintage-sound-example waffle. https://www.amazon.de/s?k=Helmut+Lemme
Answer: This is a great question. You're right that some guitarists get very specific about the type of guitar and amp that they use with specific pedals, but for your purposes, you won't need to get that in-depth about sculpting your sound right away. Once you start learning what different effects do, you'll know when you've outgrown the ones you have. So until that point, just keep an open mind and explore!
To that end, I would totally recommend going to your local music store and trying some pedals out! Most guitar stores will be very happy to help set up some pedals for you to demo, especially if you explain that you're just trying to learn what they sound like. It won't be necessary to bring your exact guitar and amp with you. Unless you have a very rare model of guitar or amp, they will likely have some that are close enough at the store already, just ask them to demo a similar setup to what you have at home and you can get close to how it will sound when you bring it home. (Strat vs Tele, single-coil pickups vs humbuckers, 1x12" combo amp vs amp head and cab, etc)
Thanks for asking, astrographie, and welcome to the site!
Answer: I agree with 3d12's answer. I just want to add that in addition to your local music store, one way to go, without totally breaking the bank, is to invest in a multi-effects pedal. Years ago, when I was starting off with guitar, I picked up a Vox Tonelab LE. It was a great, great tool for a long time. This sort of multi-pedal can be very customizable, I spent lots of time dialing in the sounds and experimenting with things until they sounded how I wanted. There are lots of different multi-effects pedals on the market, and many of them cost about what two regular guitar pedals might cost, but then you can get so many different combinations of sound from one thing!
After a few years of messing around with that pedal, I started to notice little things about it that weren't quite how I wanted them to be. I still continued to use the pedal, but I started looking around at various other pedals that were dedicated to just a particular aspect of the sound I was after. For instance, I recall that eventually, I noticed some of the settings in the Tonelab LE seemed a little notchy. Like I could adjust a setting by .1 (on an 0-10 scale) in one direction or the other, and it seemed like a very noticeable difference, when I maybe was looking for a gradual difference there.
Even after I started picking up other pedals to get closer to the sounds I was after, I still used that big multi-effects pedal. It was still useful, and a neat thing to be able to play around with. After many more years of less and less use, I eventually decided to sell it, as I had eventually built up a big pedal board that did just about all the things I wanted it to do.
My advice is, try to find a decent multi-effects pedal, and play/grow with it until you know you need something else. At that point, it'll be easier to look for x, y, z pedal and know that it is exactly the thing you were looking for.


What's the difference between 売店 and 商店

Question: Is 売店 more used for smaller stuff, like a stand?
I'm finding it hard to pinpoint the exact difference.
Answer: You guessed it. 大辞林 has

商店
  商品を売る店。

i.e. a shop selling consumer goods. E.g. a clothes shop:

売店
  物を売る店。特に、病院・劇場・遊園地などの施設内の小さな店。

i.e. a stand selling things.
In particular, a small stand/shop in hospitals, theatres, amusement parks or other facilities. E.g. a 売店 in a train station:

In other words, a 商店's main business comes from their goods; a 売店's business comes from their location within some facility.
Comment: There are 商店 all over where I live in the inaka and they're just little mom and pop stores with miscellaneous food and drink items plus some other basic necessities. Those are the only kinds of places I ever really see labeled 商店. Think of 売店 as like a kiosk.
Comment: So could a somewhat large `商店` contain one or more `売店`?  I'm thinking kind of like a "one-building mini mall", where the main store is either grocery and/or home furnishing, with several smaller, unrelated stores (cell phone carrier, independent bakery, etc.) near the front.
Comment: I would say yes, in principle, but I guess the boundaries are not well-defined. I would say that a 売店 can exist in a 商店街, but it is not clear when a shop should be considered not a 売店 in a 商店街, but a 商店 in its own right... For the example you give, a cell phone carrier sounds less like a 売店, because 売店 usually sell items that visitors always need. Cell phones are not like ice cream or the like in that you don't buy cell phones just because you just came across a little cell phone stand. (That'd be different for the cell phone covers, though.)
Comment: A normal bakery selling bread for eating at home would in my opinion also be 商店. If they sell snacks, cake etc. only for eating as you stroll the supermarket, then 売店 might be appropriate as well...
Comment: http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A3%B2%E5%BA%97 参考になるかどうかわかりませんが・・・

What's the difference between 売店 and　商店


Why did the Reapers bring the Catalyst to Earth?

Question: At the end of Mass Effect 3, the Reapers seize control of the Citadel (which is the Catalyst) and bring it to Earth orbit.  Out of universe, it's obvious. A final stand on Earth is simply cool.  But in universe, why would they bring the Catalyst near their fight and their enemies. Wouldn't it make a lot more sense to bring it far away from the reach of their enemies?
Comment: They were getting pretty entrenched on Earth. Moreso than anywhere else they had active forces. Otherwise you wouldn't have needed to bring all those friends...
Answer: I may be miss-remembering, but:
The Citadel had the processing facility to convert organic life into new Reapers. With the Collector base destroyed/disabled and no other processing facilities seen in game, the Citadel was necessary to start the harvesting process in the current cycle.
As to why the Reapers started with Earth, this was likely a desire to remove a troublesome species from the cycle early in the war. Humanity in general, and Shepard in particular, showed an adaptability and tenaciousness not present in the other advanced species of the current cycle. This would have put them high on the priority list to harvest and preserve.
The below video has Anderson and Shepard speculating about a new Reaper being made on the Citadel (starting at 1:07).

ANDERSON: I'm in a dark hallway. Reminds me of your description of the Collector base.
  SHEPARD: Makes sense.
  ANDERSON: You think they're making the Reaper here?
  SHEPARD: Sure. They round them up on Earth, then send the people up here to be processed.
  ANDERSON: Goddamn abomination.
Comment: @Scrotinger I'll search around when I get off work. Hopefully I wasn't just assuming that point based on the Reapers beaming all the bodies up from Earth.
Comment: @Scrotinger It isn't directly stated by any of the Reapers, but Anderson and Shepard do speculate about it. I've update my answer.
Comment: pretty weak, but I figured this was mostly for out of universe reasons anyway
Comment: I figured a lot of the plot in Mass Effect 3 was trimmed/cut in order to make it more shooter-y, tack on multiplayer and sell DLC.


SQL Server Triggers, Stored Procedures

Question: I dont ever used triggers or stored procedures. Now i want to study how and when i use that.
I have table named Products, when products table filling with row i want to copy ProductID and UnitsInStock and paset into Inventory table. There is one problem in inventory table is column which must fill buy user when row is filling. Would triggers or stored procedures will be useful for this situation?
Answer: i personally would never use triggers when i'm using code it is fine if all your work is being done in sql. The reason is that it is firstly difficult for someone else to realise that it is a trigger doing work in the back-end. Secoundly if there is an error in your code ... triggers are the last thing you check. And if column names change it is easy to pick up the error in code. Stored procedures are good, but it all depends from organisation to organisation. I have gotten into doing sql in code and like it as there is no back and forth work at looking through hundreds of stored procedures for the relevant one. My views though ...
Answer: If you just need to copy stuff from one table to another after inserting or updating, a trigger is the right way to do this.
But if in your case a column must be filled with user-applied data, you probably will have to do this from your code.
About the use of stored procedures: take a look at this. But there are many discussions on the web about this theme. Just google a bit around.
Answer: Use a stored procedure, pass in all the values that are needed as parameters, then within a transaction post changes to the products table and then the inventory table and then commit your changes to both tables at once - so either both tables get updated, or neither does.

SQL Server Triggers, Stored Procedures


What's the name of the board game with dinosaur cards?

Question: I remember having and playing this game in early to late 90's when I was a kid. There was a deck of dinosaurs with stats like "length", "ferocity", and two others I cannot remember. When you finished your turn on one of four special fields which were located in the corners of the board, you'd have put down one of your dinosaur cards and compare the specified stat with other player(s) cards. I faintly remember that whenever you would win, you would move your other indicator away from the volcano which was pictured in the middle of the board. HELP!
Comment: The timeframe is off, but Evo (2001; 2nd edition in 2011) has many of the features you describe. Likely inspired by your game; potentially an alternative if you have trouble sourcing the game you're looking for.
Answer: Could it be Lost Valley of the Dinosaurs? While technically published in 1985, it could easily have been a staple in the '90s.
The description from BoardGameGeek:

You have discovered an ancient chart to a lost valley. It shows that once the valley was occupied by a fierce tribe of natives who had collected a vast wealth of treasure and used vicious dinosaurs to help protect it.
No humans inhabit the valley now and the chart shows that the 'treasure' is still hidden in a temple at the top of the valley but the dinosaurs are still there!
The secret of the valley and its treasure have been stolen and you know that other expeditions are currently journeying to discover the lost secret of the valley.
As your party enters the valley a volcano which has been dormant for centuries rumbles and threatens to engulf the valley in lava.
The race is on, who will win the fabulous riches of the temple and who may die?

It appears to use "Adventure Cards", and involves the adventurers being chased around the board by dinosaurs while collecting treasure.
Comment: I have Lost Valley of the Dinosaurs, and, while they both feature dinosaurs, can confirm that the game described above is not it, since none of the other mechanics the OP mentioned are present in LVofD.
Answer: From www.spotlightongames.com
Return of the Dinosaurs
(unknown); Spear's Games-1992; 2-4; 20
A double-sided board affords two different games. Escape from the Volcano is a roll-and-move game. The challenge spaces trigger a contest among the players. Whoever plays the card having the higher value in the chosen category gets to move one space further away from the soon-to-erupt volcano. The first to reach the tenth space wins. The Dinosaur Dig is a roll-and-move game of collecting pieces to build up a dinosaur. A dig space permits drawing a dinosaur piece card. The first to collect all four pieces wins. Cards contain a number of facts about dinosaurs.
Comment: This is undoubtedly correct. The stats are Period, Age, Weight, Length, Ferocity and Diet.


How can I stop mice from chewing garage door bottom weather strip?

Question: I noticed that there was a 1" gap between the edge of either side of the bottom rubber weather strip on the garage door and the door frame.   Now I see that it is 3-4", and likely being chewed by mice.  I don't have a serious mouse problem because they don't hang around in the garage or come into the house, but would still like to keep them from eating the weather strip.  Is there a solution to keep mice from eating the bottom rubber weather strip?
Comment: Shotgun?... I guess you'd need a harder weatherproof strip that mice don't like to chew.
Answer: When you have to fill the gap, use stainless steel or copper wool (not kitchen pad with soap though) and optionally foam the gap closed. The metal stops the mice from eating through the foam.
Comment: That'll rust something terrible leaving a stain on the concrete.
Answer: Actually, mice seem to like rubber, certainly insulation, especially since many of these compounds are now made from renewable sources for oil.
I'd not be surprised if you do have mice getting in, and just not know if it. Or it might be chipmunks doing the chewing. We get them in our garage too.
What can you do? I place traps where they will run. Put one near the corners of the door on the floor. Put a few on the rafters in the garage. I'll bet you catch a mouse or two.
PLEASE don't put down poison. I recently spent a few anxious hours and then days afterwards when our dog got into rat poison that a neighbor put down.
Comment: We get chipmunks in our garage too, though ours do not eat the weather stripping they just sneak in at the sides were it does not go all the way to the end. They eat all of our extra grass seed (the bag just has empty husks in it). I also agree, done use poison.  Super deadly to dogs and even when it does work it just means you get a dead, rotting mouse somewhere you may not be able to get at (like in a wall).
Comment: Just the other week, I took out an opened bag of fertilizer I had left over from last year, planning on spreading some in a few spots on the lawn. Inside, I found a whole pile of acorns, neatly stored away. My wife insists she did not hide them there, so I can only place the blame on something furry and small. :)
Comment: @auujay most mice poison is designed to kill the animal via dehydration. The idea is to get the animal outside searching for water to die and/or even if it does die, it's a fairly dried out corpse. As for dogs and other animals, bait should be placed in actual bait stations to prevent that (plus, well, maybe don't let your dogs into the neighbor's yard ;)
Comment: @DA01 - This is NOT at all true from what I have found. Many poisons are designed to kill by the animal internally bleeding to death. And our dog was NOT wandering around another yard, but was welcomed into their house in the company of my wife for a visit. Our neighbor forgot that she had put down the poison, until our dog found it and quickly (and quietly) ate it. Luckily we found out what had happened in time. Lastly, this is NOT worth a wink. There is NOTHING even remotely funny about the matter!
Comment: @DA01 - Oh, by the way, I suppose that an animal will get dehydrated as it dies from this poison. After all, it is a nice, pleasant euphemistic way of describing bleeding to death, until it "accidentally" happens to your child. (It does happen, you know.) But don't insult me by insinuating that I would take less good care of my dog than most people would of their children. Quite the reverse may be true in fact.
Comment: I was making no attempt at insulting you.
Answer: Interesting question Mike. Last I knew rubber and plastic weren't on the Chez Mouse Menu. I would think that there may be some attractant stored in your garage that may be attracting them. Things like dry pet foods,  nesting materials or pet water bowls can attract the little dears. Take a good look around your area for concentration of droppings. This may give you a hint what they are looking for or nesting in. Short of baiting them with a rodent poison or traps, try to remove the attractants and hide outs so they will visit the neighbor's house instead of yours!
Comment: They like composite decking as well.  Got all kinds of bite and chew marks on the corners of my deck.
Answer: I had the same problem of mice eating door bottom seals. now when I insall new door bottom seals I put bearing grease on the inside of the bottom seal. thisidea was given to me by my overhead door suplier and seams to work
Thanks
Casey
Answer: Setup some traps.  Peanut butter and cereal grains make good bait.   Or you could put a glue strip near your garage strip.
Another option is to set up a video camera and see what you are dealing with first and then decide how to deal with it.  I believe there are also humane traps if you prefer catch and release.
If you don't want to kill them, try some fox urine on your door.  A fox is a natural predator for mice.  I believe amonia works as well.
Answer: Pile garage weatherstripping - the brush style type
Comment: Could you please add some more detail to this answer to say exactly how you'd use the weatherstripping?
Answer: I have used electronic plug-ins that emit ultra high frequency sounds (inaudible to the human ear) designed especially for mice. the frequency sound distresses them so they keep away.  This has been successful. Pity I didn't use them before they ruined the rubber seal for my MG hard-top that was stored in the garage!
Peter D.
Answer: Rats look for cover, water and food. Putting down traps and poison just lure them in. You want to use repellant. I buy stuff I think is called cab away? It comes in a box with four packets and they are scented. Rats and mice don't like the smell and avoid the space altogether and they smell pretty good for humans. I use them in my rv, house, and garage. They work great but are a bit expensive, like 15$ a box but well worth the purchase. I buy it at tractor supply but it's probably at other places too.
Answer: Get a cat.  :)
But only if you're willing to be a responsible pet owner.


Extract code LaTeX from a figure create with Inkscape

Question: I'm trying to understand how Inkscape works with LaTeX? What are the steps to export any figure drawn with this program in LaTeX language? Is the code TikZ or something else? Could someone suggest me how to proceed? Thank you.
Comment: Two possible ways: either save as pdf with separate text or export to tikz. For the later, see https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/409231/36296
Comment: For the first option, have a look at https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/415825/36296
Comment: Can I see your step with the screenshots of the software please? For me is better of a link.
Answer: Ok so here we go.
I decided to make this visual tutorial because some people are just more cartesian... Also because the extension has changed in the last years.
But don't be lazy, be sure to check this answer and this too, and if you run into problems with text check this.
First thing is to download the svg2tikz (here), this should be pretty straightforward, just click on the green button and save (or open) the .zip file.
Open your windows explorer and go to C:\Program Files\Inkscape\share\extensions
it is inside this folder that the extension files will be drop, leave it open.
Open the zip file and navigate to svg2tikz-master\svg2tikz\extensions\ it should look like this:

Select the first 3 files and drag'n'drop them to the folder you left open before. This should be C:\Program Files\Inkscape\share\extensions, and look like this:

Once you done that, open Inkscape. Make your drawing and select Save As...

You may also use the Extension menu and go for Export, but you won't get to choose where the file is saved.
At the end of the list you will see Tikz Code .tex like this:

In my example the image code is:
\begin{tikzpicture}[y=0.80pt, x=0.80pt, yscale=-1.000000, xscale=1.000000, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt]
  \path[draw=black,line join=miter,line cap=butt,line width=0.056pt]
    (12.2944,5.9435) -- (23.2524,102.6950) .. controls (35.7691,59.6863) and
    (34.2478,-2.8197) .. (107.7096,38.8176);

\end{tikzpicture}

Answer:
download svg2tikz from https://github.com/kjellmf/svg2tikz
Extract the files tikz_export.py, tikz_export_effect.inx, and tikz_export_output.inx from svg2tikz-master/svg2tikz/extensions and put them in the share/extension directory inside the Inkscape installation directory, and it is in /usr/share/inkscape/extensions for ubuntu
Draw desired picture in Inkscape
Export from the menu: Extension -> Export -> Export to TikZ path
Comment: the extentions directory for Inkscape also can be `~/.config/inkscape/extensions`


RSA encryption exponent

Question: In RSA public-key material (e, N), why must the encryption exponent e be relatively prime to $\phi(N)$? Why must any public key encryption algorithm resist CPA?
Answer:
why must the encryption exponent e be relatively prime to $\phi(N)$

If it's not, then the decryption will not be unique.  That is, there will be multiple messages $M_1 \ne M_2$ such that $M_1^e \bmod N = M_2^e \bmod N$; hence if the decryptor receives that common value, he will not be able to determine if the original message was $M_1$ or $M_2$

Why must any public key encryption algorithm resist CPA

When we're analyzing the security of a public key algorithm, we assume that an attacker has the public key (after all, we assume that we can give it out freely, so it is not unreasonable that the attacker can get a copy).  With that public key, the attacker can pick list of message he wants, and encrypt those messages.  Hence, a public key encryption algorithm must resist CPA because, practically speaking, an attacker can actually perform that attack.
Answer: CPA means Chosen-Plaintext Attack: it means a type of attack where the attacker chooses the plaintexts, obtains the corresponding ciphertexts, and tries to work out the key from that information. Asymmetric encryption uses the public key, which is public, and therefore known to everybody, including the attacker. In other words, the "CPA" attack scenario is always applicable to RSA encryption; so RSA had better resist it.
For the public exponent: if $e$ is not prime to $\phi(n)$, then several distinct messages will "encrypt" to the same integer modulo $n$, and the decryption will be ambiguous. This is not good. It could be fixed by enforcing a sufficiently redundant padding so that, upon decryption, the "correct" message can be recovered (that's what happens with Rabin's cryptosystem, which uses $e = 2$, which is not prime to $\phi(n)$). However, that's cumbersome, and it is much simpler to simply require that $e$ is prime to $\phi(n)$. This makes $e$-th power exponentiation a permutation of the set of integers modulo $n$.

RSA encryption exponent


Thailand coup: What extent of disruption should tourists expect?

Question: Are many shops/restaurants/guesthouses shut down, or is it business as usual?
Are there many roadblocks set up in Bangkok and around the country, which may potentially slow a traveler down?
Comment: This travel blogger gives frequent updates on the situation, especially in Bangkok: twitter.com/RichardBarrow
Answer: Currently it is business as usual here in Thailand. Guesthouses, hotels, restaurants, shops, buses, planes, etc are all operating as normal.  International flights are coming and going.
The Army has imposed no restrictions on travel
There are army checkpoints scattered around Bangkok, which may increase drive times.  But they are primarily looking for weapons and protest supplies, so taxis full of tourist get passed through pretty quickly.  Both airports in Bangkok (Suvarnabhumi and Don Muang) are advising leaving earlier if you have a flight to catch, perhaps 3 to 4 hours ahead of departure, just in case traffic is heavy when you reach a checkpoint.
Outside of Bangkok you wouldn't know we were under martial law if you didn't see it in the news.
UPDATED
Shortly after I posted my reply, the Army declared a coup d'etat. The Army has imposed a 10pm to 5am curfew, schools are closed today & tomorrow (23/24 May) and TV channels are only carrying official announcements.
But the majority of my answer still applies, as tourist services, shops, businesses are operating as usual.  Travelers with flights during curfew periods are still allowed to travel to and from the airports.
Comment: Note that, unusually, the curfew applies to the *entire country* (including places like Phuket), not just Bangkokg.
Answer: The situation there is fluid... even if someone can say "nothing is closed" (and I'm sure there are disruptions right now because there are protester encampments, and right now the army is stepping in which is not a great sign) the situation can completely change in 24-48 hours depending on events.
Typically in their political crises most of the disruption is confined to some parts of Bangkok (and usually the other parts are business as usual).
Good luck.
Answer: I was in Thailand late June to early July 2014 (Hat Yai, Songkhla, Khanom, Ko Samui, Ko Phangan, Ko Tao, Bangkok, Ayutthaya). By then, the curfew had already been completely lifted nationwide.
As a tourist doing the usual touristy stuff, there was no sign whatsoever of any political unrest or military coup. I experienced no inconveniences.
At present it appears that the situation has stabilized and will remain so for at least the coming months. (The military promises elections only in October 2015.)
Comment: I can confirm that, a friend of mine just went to Thailand and is reporting the same


Do One-For-All users have different training experiences?

Question: While training his successor, All Might is often surprised by Midoriya's abilities (or lack thereof) to control One-for-All. He notes things like, "I guess you can only use 5% of this power right now".
Were All Might and previous users just more adept in adapting to this Quirk?
Answer: Yes, the other successors for One-For-All were handpicked by the previous users among the fittest to use the quirk. Gran Torino mentions that even though Toshinori/All-Might was born quirkless, he possessed great resilience and endurance to maintain One-For-All power.
Midoryia had no previous training nor did he have a good constitution or muscle strength to keep up with One-For-All's great stress upon the body. That is why All-Might has often had those remarks about him.
Answer: The body that Midoriya possessed is not a perfect vessel for one for all (at the moment). But his predecessors were better vessels. One for all is stronger for Deku than All Might. Same way, Deku and all might have stronger models of one for all than Nana Shimura. It's because one for all stockpiles power. So, the backlash also increases. Therefore, it's harder for Deku to master one for all.
Answer: I am following the anime and the answer will be based only on that,
First of all,
like every power is unique and has different training requirements, that you can see in UA.  Similarly, Every person is unique too, much like the real world. You can define this uniqueness over a lot of different factors.
Hence, the way Deku sees things and comprehends them will be different than All Might or anyone else.
Example: Deku uses Microwave to explore his control over power which All Might never considered.
This would also conclude that their way of using power will be different, what you see in the series later is that Deku relies on Footwork and strategy whereas All Might used Punches.
Now coming to your question:

Since All Might got hurt, Deku got his powers pretty early (As, it
was planned to be given to his super senior who had much more
training and experience). Thus, making him unable to completely
control his powers.  We do not know at what ages the other users of
One for All got their powers. But they might be older than Deku when
they gained them, thus Deku looks to be more struggling against
them, who made it look easy probably.
Deku has done a lot of research, and made his own database that makes him quite skilled in strategy and quicker in responding to difficult situations, that too from the very beginning without any training. Which might not be possible with other users of All For One.

Thus if you say that they were skilled, you might find Deku to be Sharper. But there is a lot unknown.


Patent mobile app prior to development?

Question: I have what I think is a novel idea for a mobile app, and I would like to develop it but having a day job this could take a year or two or three. Instead of starting developing now I am considering filing a patent, my thinking being that once patent is filed I could develop the app at my leisure. I would file the patent myself and it didn't work out I would not be heartbroken. Does this make any kind of sense?
Answer: Eric, yes it does make sense.  Have you continued to develop the application or work on pursuing patent protection since you posted this question?
You do not need to have a full working application in order to file a patent application.  You could file a patent application while you are in the early parts of the development stage as long as you have conceived of how to make and use the invention.  Conception is complete when the idea is clearly defined in your mind and only "ordinary skill in the art" would be necessary to reduce the invention to practice, e.g., write the application.
If you are at that stage, you should consider performing a patentability search to see what else is out there and make sure that your invention is novel and non-obvious.  If the results of the patentability search are positive, then you can consider filing a provisional patent application or a non-provisional patent application.
Because you are talking about software, there also may be considerations related to patent eligible subject matter.  Recently, courts and the patent office have clamped down on certain software-related patent applications for reciting claims that are too "abstract."
Try reaching out to a patent attorney or agent.

Patent mobile app prior to development?


Can you inflate a completely flat tire?

Question: I haven't used my bike for almost a year and I need to start riding it again, but it appears I have a flat tire. I don't think there's something wrong with the tube cause I haven't used it for a pretty long time. It just won't inflate. The tire has a  Schrader Valve. I use a pretty old pump so maybe that's the case? I'm not really sure.. So is there any way I could inflate it again without getting a new tube or tire?
Comment: Did you take the tyre off and inspect the tube for damage?  I've found splits in a tyre I parked up for a few months inflated.
Answer: You can easily inflate a completely flat tire (provided the tube is still good). Usually, when a tire is completely flat, you have to press the back of the tire so that the valve doesn't recess into the tire so your pump can be attached properly to it.
With a presta valve, you can use your mouth for this (well, on a clean tube, since the valve stem isn't spring loaded), but with a schrader valve you have to use a pump.
If it still won't inflate, check the tire and tube for damage and replace accordingly.
Comment: Yeah, rotate the tire until the valve is at the 3 oclock or 9 oclock position, then press your thumb against the tire *very hard* while pressing the chuck onto the valve.  You need to force the valve out with your thumb pressure in order to get the chuck all the way on.
Comment: Inflate the tube before you want to cycle, at least a day, so you can let the bike rest and check the pressure/replace tube or tube and tire before you set out.
Comment: And do this after dinner if you expect to use it the next morning, as keeping it inflated overnight will let you know if there was something wrong with the tube or if was flat just because no one was using it.
Answer: Make sure the valve isn't stuck. If it's been sitting that long it probably is. Look at the valve and you'll see a pin in the middle. This pin needs to be depressed for the valve to open and allow air into the tube. Press down on it with a ball point pen, screwdriver tip or similar object to unstick it. Then follow the advice above about holding the tube in place while you attach the pump.
Answer: I had a similar problem and what worked for me was soaking the valve in white vinegar as you would a shower head for half an hr and then gently pushing the middle bit with an old ikea small allen key. worked perfectly.
ps i used a tissue soaked the tissue (cotton balls are better) in white vinegar, place them on the valve wrap in foil around tire and  I let it sit for about an hr or 2)

Can you inflate a completely flat tire?


Would questions about psychology be on topic?

Question: This question had a close vote on it. I reviewed it and decided to leave it open, because I doubt it would be accepted on other sites. But should this kind of question (scientific questions about human psychology/physiology that aren't valid in a real-life context) be allowed?
Answer: I think "How would people react in this situation" type questions are on topic.
Psychology/Biology/Physics are very broad topics and I think the questions we get here are more about using established knowledge in a new way, in a new world.
I think we need to follow the ideas proposed here. Questions like this are not off topic, but they need to be assessed on a case by case basis to make sure they are sufficiently scoped to avoid a myriad of ideas being suggested.
In my opinion Monica's question is a very good example of doing just this.
Comment: I like how you linked me yo my own ideas. :D
Comment: @DonyorM I hadn't even noticed that!
Comment: Well I'm glad you found it useful. :)
Answer: The question you linked is about more than just psychology.
This SE is about world building not story telling.  Its not about how a person or small group of people would react but rather how a civilzation would react or cope or what they would need to do to cope, as seen in the linked question.
Questions asking about how a civilization would react or what would cause it to respond in a certian way is about crafting the history and lore of the world, and is certianly on topic.  However questions that are more about telling a story or on an individual or small group scale should be off topic here.  History is full of exceptional individuals who overcame the norm and led others on to greatness.  An individuals expected response is not likely to be helpful in worldbuilding, though how the masses would react certianly could be.


How to straight out wrinkled printed receipt

Question: I have a couple of receipts that I want to capture for business purpose, I tried to iron the back but that ink on front side just doodle onto the page which was quite amazing as of why? Is there any way I can straighten out crumbled and wrinkled receipt that been in the pocket for many weeks?
Comment: Most receipts these days are printed on thermal printers (they selectively heat the page). So yes, heat turns the receipt black.
Comment: Folding (crumpling, wrinkling, etc.) a sheet of paper breaks the fibres which cannot be un-broken. You can minimize the appearance of the damage; but, it's permanently altered. There is no "fix." You can only avoid doing it in the future by caring for what you consider valuable.
Answer: Get a thick, heavy book. Open it to the back. Put the receipt flat on the page, and close the book. Leave it that way for 24 hours.
You can also put a weight on top of the book when it is closed. The weight can be another book, a potted plant, or anything heavy.
Comment: the ink "doodled" because the receipt was printed on *thermal paper* which contains ink encapsulated in wax. the heat melted all the wax and released all the ink.
Comment: @nielsnielsen Did you mean to put this comment on my answer, or on the original question? My answer doesn't mention the doodling, but the original question does.
Comment: no, i meant to put it on the OP's question, sorry if i did it wrong. -NN
Comment: @nielsnielsen I think you should copy the comment onto the original question too! Other readers will want to know about thermal paper, and they may not read the comments on my answer.
Answer: Don't bother straightening it out beforehand. Put the receipt on the glass plate of the copier, and place a book on top of it.
Comment: Although it's probably safe to assume the OP will be copying the receipt, there's no mention of copying in the question. So for others reading this question (which I upvoted), put the receipt on the glass place of a copier, place a book on top of it, and then make a copy of it or scan it into a digital file.
Answer: A tiny bit of moisture helps the paper straightening up. Wet a dishcloth or paper towel, then wring it out thoroughly and wipe it over the receipt. The paper is supposed to become slightly damp, not to soak and rip!
Then straighten out the damp receipt and let it dry. Putting it between 2 sheets of dry paper towel and weightening it down can help to get it nice and wrinkle-free.
Answer: the ink "doodled" because the receipt was printed on thermal paper which contains ink encapsulated in wax. the heat melted all the wax and released all the ink.
This means you cannot use a heated iron to flatten a piece of thermal printout. you must squeeze the wrinkled paper between two flat objects.
Comment: While this may be true, it doesn't answer the question of how to correct it.
Comment: This does not provide an answer to the question. To critique or request clarification from an author, leave a comment below their post. - [From Review](/review/low-quality-posts/16496)
Comment: I did so at the suggestion of another reader. will edit.