Should I pull my wipers away from the windshield when parked during a winter storm?

Question: When we are expecting snow storm and the vehicle is parked, do we pull out the wipers so they don't touch the glass to avoid the freezing to the windshield? Or would that hurt the springs in the wiper and make them weaker for future use?
Answer: Regarding the effect of raising the wiper arms on the wiper arm springs: raising the wiper arms will not make the springs weaker for future use.
The only way that the springs could produce reduced force when the wiper arms are returned to their normal position is if the springs took a permanent "set" from being stretched. This can only happen one of two ways:

The springs were stretched beyond their material yield point and therefore experienced plastic deformation, which is permanent
The springs experienced significant material "creep", which can happen below the yield point

Both of these scenarios are extremely unlikely in the case of wiper arm springs. The wiper arms are designed to be raised and lowered, and the springs will stay well below the yield point throughout their range of motion, so point 1 does not apply. As for creep, this is a LOOONG term phenomenon, and would occur to some extent even when the wiper arms are down (the stretch of the springs isn't all that different between the up and down positions), so point 2 does not apply.
Therefore, feel free to put your wipers up. It won't hurt your springs.
For what it's worth, I grew up in a very snowy region, and it wasn't until I moved out of the serious snow belt that I started to see masses of cars with their wipers up in parking lots. I actually think it's kind of funny. I personally have no problems cleaning my windshield with the wipers down.
Comment: Do you have personal experience working with springs, or is this just extrapolated from a general knowledge of material properties? I ask because I design/build springs for a living, and your info is exactly right. @OP, springs are designed with a No Permanent Set (NPS) length, which would be called out on a print as the length at which no additional set will be taken if it hits that length in service. In this case, the NPS length would be at or beyond the length that the spring is pulled to when the wiper is in the up position.
Answer: I live in Canada where we got often snow storm or freezing rain during winter, I never lift my wipers blades. It's clearly unnecessary for a snow storm, as you remove the snow from your car prior of activate your wipers.
But I can see my neighbors lifting theirs when freezing rain is forecasted, some even put cardboard on the windshield to avoid scraping the ice. When it's happen, I start the car, start scrapping the windows and the heat will melt ice around the wipers (some cars have windshield wiper defrosters). I make sure that my wipers blade are clean of any ice and I'm set to go.
Answer: When one lives in places where it snows, even occasionally, they quickly learn to lift the wipers. If you go to a ski resort when the inclement weather is expected, you would see half of the vehicles with wipers pulled up. The other half are either do not have wipers that can be fixed up (in that case one is still advised to separate them from the glass somehow), or they are going to regret it when temperatures hit below freezing after the wet snowfall.
In my experience, doing so never had any noticeable negative implication on the wiper arm spring. In fact, I have not seen any car, new or old, whose wiping performance suffered when the new wipers were attached.
In case the wipers do get frozen to the windscreen, one must take extreme care not to tear them off as it could be done really easily, especially when the rubber is more brittle from the cold. The best solution sometimes is to pour warm water on them, if available. And if your car is covered in snow or ice, always check the wipers by hand as you clean it off, before using the wiper motor.
My strong advice: NEVER EVER POUR WARM WATER ON A COLD WINDSHIELD!  (I speak from experience. This can break the windshield.)
Comment: This is simply false. I used to live in Rochester, NY and never saw a single person do this until I moved to Virginia.
Comment: North Dakota and MN most of my life... We know snow and cold weather. It's not rare to see people doing this, but it's not the majority and I've never felt the need to do it myself. Occasionally freezing rain has caused the wipers to freeze to the windshield, but if you're adept with a scraper you can break the ice without damaging the rubber wiperblade. I'd suspect the majority of people doing this are "not from around here" and bringing habits from warmer climates; but I've no way to verify that.
Comment: Don't EVER pour warm water on a frozen windshield. The uneven expansion may cause your windshield to crack. Just pick the darn ice off and turn on your defrosters.
Comment: In really cold climates (where it keeps freezing during the day), it's not much of an issue as there's no liquid that can get between the wiper and windscreen. When the temperature's above freezing during the day and below at night, condensation freezes on the windscreen and the wipers get stuck.
Answer: I'm against lifting them.  I've never had any trouble (nor caused any damage) breaking one loose with a scraper.  I have, however, had a wiper arm break when it snapped back against the windshield (such as can happen with the wind that normally accompanies Winter storms).
Comment: +1, I've seen the windshield getting a crack when wiper fell back on cold glass currently being heated from interior.
Comment: Instead of lifting them all the way to the 'maintenance' position, you could place some plastic spacers between the wiper and windshield.
Answer: There are federal safety standards for defrosting,  With that being said if you use your cars defroster, your better off that way. I am against lifting also.  It also could cause snow and ice to become lodged under your wiper arm causing you troubles down the road.  With that being said a fair amount of newer vehicles have heated wiper park areas these days, with that you would be defeating the heated wiper park area.
Comment: You can add your personal info to your profile page - no need to put it in your answers.
Answer: It seems ridiculous to me, if your car is parked outside you still have to clean the wipers, put the heater and defroster on and clear your car of snow before you drive it. In some states you must clear the top of the car before driving it so that the snow doesn't blind the driver behind you as it slides off. Having the wipers up makes them more vulnerable to the elements too, especially if it is a heavy wet snow like we get in the East. If you have them up in a public place it attracts attention and it could very well be the negative kind. I think that people see others doing it and just feel that they should too for no apparent reason (the sheep theory) Well, there you have my opinion.
Comment: Welcome to the site ... here we are looking for more facts than opinions. Please try to back up opinion with facts and reference if you have them.
Comment: It seems ridiculous to me - opinion;
"if your car is parked... before you drive it" - facts;
"In some states...as it slides off" - fact
"Having the wipers...get in the East" - fact
"If you have them...the negative kind" - fact
"I think that people... (the sheep theory)" - opinion
"Well, there you have my opinion" - fact

@Paulster2, don't confuse fact vs opinion with fact vs fiction. There's actually very little opinion in his comment, though the facts he presented are not cited in any way and may very well be false. But you asked him to back up opinion with facts and he already did...
Answer: I would not recommend to pull them away from your windshield during a storm if there is a risk that it will melt and then freeze later (for example if you just drove your car or if the temperature is just below the freezing point but you are expecting sun later).
Doing so may make the snow melt, go in the arm mechanism/spring and freeze there, making it hard to put back in place and reduce the efficiency of the spring if you take the road again, which will have the unfortunate effect of reducing the contact between the blades and the windshield.
The same effect can happen and freeze the blades to the windshield if you leave them in place, so there is no win-win. If a big storm is coming, you can always put cardboard or plastic bags to prevent the snow from falling there and remove them before taking the road.
Answer: Up works great for me, the only fear I have is someone vandalizing them from the attention it brings having them up. It makes it easier for me to scrape the window quickly to get on the road faster.  It doesn't hurt the wipers having them up.  It does, however, keep me from being impatient and ripping them up when frozen to scrape under them.
Answer: I live in NH it snows a lot here a lot of the winter season...   I don't pull my wipers back, BC I fear rust from all the salt and crud from the roads...
I do however, place newspapers between wipers ams windshield and all over windshield to easily remove snow and avoid ice directly to my windshield.
Hope this answer helps!
Answer: As far as damaging the springs by raising the wipers, I think your all wrong. Your not stretching the spring beyond its limit, or you would ruin it the first time you changed blades. It would take years of leaving them up before you would even notice the slightest difference in the pressure of the blade against the windshield,Even when the blades are down, the springs are stretched.maybe we should jack up our vehicles every time we park to take the pressure off the suspension springs,or leave our garage doors open all the time so we don't stretch their springs.springs are made to handle this.
 Thank you
Answer: I lift mine, it depends on the vehicle but is really just personal preference.
I have an older lifted truck and it's much easier to have a clean shot at the windows without smacking into wipers with the ice scraper. With wipers that sit really low or even slightly below hood level this is less of an issue.
For me it's not about the wipers freezing to the glass as much as it is about easier clearing in the morning.
Answer: Lifting wiper blades off the windshield is not smart. It does nothing for you.  As for the spring thing, well it is like a pen spring, stretch it and it does not go back to normal, just like car wiper springs. Park car turn wipers off, start car warm it up, clean windshield, and you will never have a problem.
Comment: Many countries do not allow you to "warm" your vehicle up (UK being one of them, I believe). Much of what you posted is opinion based. Read the answer by **mac** to understand what I mean.
Answer: Lifting wiper blades in winter is completely unnecessary. Start your car, turn heater on the windshield setting and let that melt any ice or snow. People who lift their wipers are just plain losers. It makes people look absolutely weird and I laugh so hard when I see these idiots. To funny. Yes, I live in a snowy area at winter and have never had any problems just by simply letting the heater melt everything away. I've never had to step outside to scrape, that's the wonderful beauty of the heater. It does all the work. Like I said, it looks so corny when people do that.
Comment: You obviously have an infinite amount of money to spend on fuel.  Using just the heater to clear ice would typically take over an hour where I live.
Comment: It takes about 15 minutes for the car to heat up enough to defrost the entire windshield. It's slower than scraping, and much slower than covering the windshield with a windshield blanket.
Answer: The original spring in the wiper arm is already stretched to the limit of elasticity of the  steel in order to apply a pressure on the wiper. By lifting the wiper arm, you have to over stretch this inner spring which will weaken it. It will therefore put a reduced pressure on the blade and give a bad cleaning of the windshield.
Comment: "The original spring in the wiper arm is already stretched to the limit of elasticity or the steel in order to apply a pressure on the wiper." That's an extraordinary statement. Prove it. While you try, I will disprove it. Measure the pressure under the wiper with an electronic postal scale. Lift the wiper to the up position and bring it back down 10 times. Measure it again. Same pressure? The spring was not taken past its limit of elasticity.
Answer: While I thought and jotted down my points to give my answer, this link has them already. So I am saving space and sharing it:
http://www.wehearthonda.com/honda-seekonk/dont-raise-your-wipers-before-a-storm
I agree to their explanation
Comment: Please answer the question and use the link as a supporting citation.  In SE we are looking to provide the answer on our site.  Thanks!


How to get specific publication list for specific user in Tridion Core Service?

Question: I want to get specific publication list for specific User (depending on those user group's rights and permission in which that user is associated with). I tried with PublicationData class or PublicationFilterData class and I am getting all available publications but I want specific publication list based on user.
Answer: You could impersonate that specific user in your code and then request all publications as them. This should give you the complete list that they're able to access.
Alternatively, you could get every publication and then iterate over them to determine whether the user (or a group that they're a member of) has any rights on that publication.
Comment: Hi Jonathan, by impersonating the user, I am able to get those specific publications, which that specific use has the access. Thanks you very much.
Comment: Excellent. Glad I could help


Optimal partitioning of n-tuples

Question: Motivation
Recently I was trying to optimize some API calls and reduced the problem to optimization of a cumulative number of identifiers across all the requests. I put some considerable effort into solving the problem but I'm still unsatisfied with my solution.
Problem formulation
You are given a list of unique sets $X_1,\dots,X_n$, each containing four integers.  You are also given an integer $k$.  The goal is to partition the sets into $k$ groups, so that every group has between $0.8n/k$ and $1.2n/k$ sets, in a way that minimizes the number of different integers in each group.  Formally, the goal is to find a function $f:\{1,\dots,n\} \to \{1,\dots,k\}$ that minimizes
$$\Phi(f) = \sum_j \left|\bigcup_{i \in f^{-1}(j)} X_i\right|.$$
Example
If instead of sets of four integers we considered sets of two integers, we could give the following example: for the sets
{1, 2}, {2, 3}, {1, 3}, {3, 4}, {4, 5}, {3, 5}

the optimal partitioning for $k=2$ would be {1, 2}, {2, 3}, {1, 3} and {3, 4}, {4, 5}, {3, 5} with unique elements $|\{1, 2, 3\}|=3$, $|\{3, 4, 5\}|=3$ and $\Phi = 6$.
My attempts so far
So far I've attempted to solve this problem by modeling it as a graph partitioning problem and using KaHIP library to do the computation. I thought of two methods of how to model this problem as a graph.

Each set is a vertex, and we have an edge between two vertices if they share an integer. The number of shared integers determines the weight of the edge. The graph partitioning tool then directly yields some solution to our problem.
Each unique integer that occurs in any set is a vertex, and we put an edge between two integers if they are both contained in the same set. The number of such cases determines the weight of the edge. Having the integers partitioned like this we can assign each set a partition of some of its integers. Resulting partitions can be too large, but that can be resolved by applying the first approach to these now relatively small partitions.

The first model in my case turned out to be very space-consuming. I have approximately 2 millions of these sets and the first model produced over 74M edges. The second approach helps a great deal and yields results of similar quality.
The problem is that neither of these models is the exact model of my original problem. Notably, the number of cut edges will not correspond with the number of duplicated integers across partitions. Can you think of a better graph model or an altogether different approach to this problem that would yield better results?
Comment: You mention you have 2 million sets (tuples).  About how many unique integers do you have, among all of them?  About how  large is $k$?
Comment: There are approximately 1 million unique integers. The *k* is currently set to produce approximately 2500 elements per partition, so *k* ~ 400.
Answer: You might start from an initial solution computed using one of your two models, and then apply local search: consider any movement of one set from a group to another, and apply it if it does not violate the group constraints and it improves $\Phi$.
Local search is a common approach in graph partitioning, thus it is probably already a part of what KaHIP is doing, but even if it is, you would now do it with the correct measure, $\Phi$, not its surrogate, so the outcome is likely to be improved.

Optimal partitioning of n-tuples


Can I enter Romania by road on single entry (C Visit) visa from Bulgaria

Question: I am Pakistani and I have a single-entry 10-day visit visa from Bulgaria. After landing in Bulgaria, can I visit Romania by road? Will this single-entry Bulgarian visa allow me to visit Romania by road for 5 days and then come back by road to Bulgaria to catch my flight to my home country?
Answer: Two things:

Number of entries

Doing what you are planning to do requires two entries. You would enter Bulgaria, to rent a car, and that would void your visa. Once you cross into Romania, your visa is expired, and you can't go back to Bulgaria on a single-entry visa.

Visa for Romania

You don't mention anything about a Romanian visa. AFAIK, neither Bulgaria, nor Romania, have joined Schengen yet.

Today, the Schengen Area encompasses most EU States, except for Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Ireland, Romania and the United Kingdom. However, Bulgaria and Romania are currently in the process of joining the Schengen Area.

So as of today, you need two visas, a single-entry for Romania, and a double-entry for Bulgaria.


Magnetic properties of matter

Question: When a dielectric is placed in an electric field,it gets polarized. The electric field in a polarized material is less than the applied field. Now my query is,  when a paramagnetic substance is kept in a magnetic field, the field in the substance is more than the applied fiekd. What is the reason for this opposite behaviour?
Answer: The external field causes the magnetic dipole moments $\mathbf m$ of the atoms in the material to align with the applied field $\mathbf B$.  If one now imagines summing up the fields due to all of the tiny little dipole moments that are now aligned with the external field, then one will find that the net effect is that the field inside is augmented.
Answer: With dielectric material the charge is arranged in a way that there is an internal electric field that cancels out the external applied field. Magnetic materials don't have magnetic "charge" and are all thought of as dipoles instead of monopoles. This means there is no internal field that cancels the applied field and all the domains just line up with the applied field.

Magnetic properties of matter


'And' Filter visualization

Question: I am designing dashboard, and have a filters panel on the side.
What is the best way to reflect the user that the filtering is an 'AND' combination and not an 'OR' combination?
Answer: Radio - for OR
Checkbox - for AND

EDIT:
Comment: yes, but when You filtering dresses, you can using checkbox and mark both to display dresses, which products meet these conditions.

You check 38 and 42, and You get every dresses from collection, which size is 38 OR 42.
Comment: Thanks for the response. But, I am looking for something even more distinct. think for example of an online cloth shop. dress size filter has a checks box because u can look for size 38 and 42. but it does not mean that a single dress has both sizes.
Comment: In my case, I filter food items. I want it to display for example a chocolate bar that both vegan and gluten-free, not 'or'. I know I will use checkbox, but I was wondering who to reflect the user after the selection that it is only an 'and' combination. Pls see attached image - is it a common practice to add '+' [Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/Lx5H7sW.png)
Comment: No, it's not good practise.

Look at picture edit of my answer. you can Add every active filters with possibility to unfilter specific attribute.
Answer: Filters exist of Filtertype and Attributes. For example: Filter is Size and attributes are 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, etc. Another filter might be color with attributes yellow, blue, red, etc.
If a user selects multiple sizes it will be absolutely clear to the user that this is OR operator without thinking of it this way. But it will be clear, that there will be no item which has two sizes. With color this might be more difficult. Since there might be items with more than one color. But in this case the attributes should be combined like red, red/yellow, yellow, green, etc.
If the user combines filters the expectation will always be that this is an AND operator. If a users chooses attribute 40 in filter size and attribute green in filter color she would not expect to find all items with size 40 in any color and all items in green in any size in the result. The expectation will be that the list shows green items in size 40.
Having said so. By grouping attributes in to filters the behaviour of the filters should be clear. If you have some attributes that should be combined as AND you should us them as filter with only just one attribute. For example 'show items on SALE only'.
Comment: tnx for the response. what do u say about adding a '+' between the attributes, like seen in the image [Imgur](https://i.imgur.com/Lx5H7sW.png)
Comment: hmh... I think that the plus sign makes it clear. The drawback is, that this is only the case after selecting the attributes. But I would say, that it would actually be the users expectation considering the content.

'And' Filter visualization


What would be the difference in choosing VMWare ESXi as Hypervisor as compared to ubuntu Linux and running VMWare workstation on top of base ubuntu

Question: i just want to know the pros and cons, from performance and managability point of view.
liek, e.g. ESXi only gives ssh access and you cannot install any software on the Hypervisor, it WILL install but on reboot will be wiped out. etc etc
Answer: VMWare Workstation is a desktop product for testing and developing and not meant to run servers for production use.
Some issues

Needs a complete X11 environment
Needs a full operating system as basis
If you happen to kill your X server for some reason, VMware dies as well
Is more resource-intensive than ESXi

All in all, if you want a production system, VMWare workstation is not an option (IMHO).
It would make more sense to compare i.e. Xen or KVM on Ubuntu to ESXi, because that approach is more comparable.
Answer: VMware's Workstation and ESXi are designed for completely different purposes. I use both every day, so will give a breakdown of how I use them. What you should use will depend entirely on what you're trying to do.
ESXi is a thin "bare-metal" hypervisor, designed to be installed directly on server systems with zero direct user interaction. I've got a number of nodes with ESXi installed which run a complete development and staging environment. I can run multiple webserver and database server VMs on these nodes and manage the whole thing remotely over a network.
Workstation is a hypervisor that runs on top of an existing OS (I think Windows and Linux are supported). I'm currently use this to simulate a small test environment to work out some tricky AD configurations. The performance isn't as good as running the VMs on ESXi, but has the key advantage that I can pick my laptop up and have the entire test environment come with me.
In short, Workstation is useful for trying things out, and lets you easily get up and running with a small test environment, but don't expect production-level performance and reliability. ESX/ESXi are more designed for datacenter use where you want the flexibility of virtualisation but with maximum reliability and performance.
Answer: ESXi turns your computer into a computing appliance and all your VMs run independantly.  ESXi will is a lighter-weight virtualization environment.  However you don't have a workstation environment and you will therefore need another computer to manage it and use the VMs from.
With Ubuntu you have a full workstation environment.  This will make the computer a lot easier to work with when you are sitting at it.  On the other hand VMware Workstation doesn't take as full advantage of your potential hardware.  It isn't designed for production use -- you can set VMs to start automatically with the base OS, but it really isn't designed to work that way.
Bottom line: if you have only one computer, and need a desktop environment, and are just playing -- VMware Workstation is adequate.
If you are looking at a production environment -- ESXi.
Answer: I use VMWare Server 2.0 running on Debian Linux and run three Windows Server 2003 virtual machines on it.  VMWare Server = Free!
Comment: Lol just an alternative!
Comment: -1 OT. You didnt answer the question.


What is flat light and how to counter that?

Question: I have often heard people saying that the light in the picture X is appearing "flat". I want to understand what exactly does that mean, and what are the possible ways to counter that?
Answer: Outdoors:
Flat lighting is typically what you see at midday with generous amount of light from the sun. The other end of the spectrum would be what you find in the minutes before and after sunrise/sunset.
Photographers, especially nature photographers will stay away from shooting during midday when the light is flat, because it is unattractive for most purposes. The soft light around the ends of the day is much more interesting, colorful, and pleasant on the eye.
In Studio:
Flat lighting can be achieved in a studio setting by lowering contrast and or shadows through the use of lighting and diffusers. If you are shooting macro shots or close up images, flat lighting can be desirable. But for portrait work, under most circumstances it is not typically used. It can be used for certain effects but I would consider it rarely to be used.
Somewhat Flat Lighting:

Dynamic Lighting with depth and contrast:
Comment: Notice - the before/after shots are of a different bridge! Bet you didn't notice that at first!
Comment: No, I didn't notice. :banghead: I have to improve my damn observtion. :(
Answer: Flat lighting is when a scene, regardless of its type, is largely and broadly "diffusely and directly lit". Flat lighting illuminates the scene, however it does not bring out depth and detail, or add any intriguing character. In some rarer/specific cases, you may require flat lighting, depending on the exact goals you have. In general, however, flat lighting makes a photo look rather dull and lifeless.
With nature photography, flat lighting is often caused by overcast skies, direct sunlight, etc. Landscape photos in particular generally look best when the sun is at a low, indirect angle such that the shape of mountains cast shadows upon themselves, bringing to light that shape and providing depth. Early morning sunrise or evening sunset light is good for this reason, as well as for the fact that such light is often more colorful and vibrant than midday sunlight.
With portrait photography, flat lighting dulls or eliminates the intriguing features of your subjects that give them their character, expression, emotion. Highly diffused, direct lighting can be a useful tool for portraits, however uses as the only source of lighting it can produce rather boring portraits. More complex, angled lighting can do wonders for portrait photography. Use of sunlight or artificial lighting, angling your subjects to light sources, providing adequate and appropriate fill lighting, etc. can greatly enhance the character and emotion of your subjects. I would search our forum for other questions of portrait and studio lighting...there are many skilled photographers here who have provided superb answers detailing specific kinds of lighting setups for portrait photography that go into far greater depth than I ever could here.
Comment: I think the key to light being "flat" is that it doesn't cast many visible shadows, which is why diffuse light, mid-day sun, and on-camera flash all count as flat.
Comment: Flat is not necessarily diffused. A built in flash creates a flat image but is anything but diffused.
Comment: @ysap - And now we have touched on the two sides of the argument! "Flat" light has many definitions that I have commonly heard!
Comment: @ysap: True...and diffuse is not exactly the word I am looking for. But neither is direct...as flash lighting IS normally diffused a bit by the "lens" that covers the bulb.
Answer: It's all about the technique. Overcast flat lighting doesn't neccessarily make for dull lifeless photos. The key to great photos is to see a photo as you take it. Not about the size of your lens guys, which dare I say probably compensates for an inadequacy elsewhere ;-) There is no right or wrong, learn the rules then forget them!
Comment: Okay, so, what _is_ the technique?


Which Modern Warfare 2 Killstreak Rewards count towards your current kill streak?

Question: My understanding is that all rewards from a Care Package do not, nor those from Emergency Airdrop crates. Was the Pave Low recently changed to count? What about the Stealth Bomber, Precision Airstrike, Attack Helicopter and the Sentry Gun?
Answer: As far as I know, Pavelow has always counted.  Only care package drops/sentry guns don't count and any killstreaks that you earned in a previous life do not count.  All other killstreaks count towards a higher killstreak as long as you don't die.
That is, if I were to earn Pavelow via a 9 kill streak and then die, the kills that the Pavelow will get will not count towards a nuke or EMP.
Comment: I've read about various circumstances in which the Pave Low did not count (it would sometimes), but that this was fixed when one of the map packs was released.
Answer: There used to be a glitch surrounding the Pave Low.  Before, only the first Pave Low called out would contribute to you kill streak (and then only sometimes).  I believe this behavior was patched and it acts like a normal kill streak now.  You are right about care packages and emergency airdrops though.  However, I believe if you get a crushing kill by dropping the care package on someone, that does count (not that that happens very often).
Comment: Except for in hardcore, where you often spawn right under an allied care package drop and die.  The trick is to kill the enemy.
Answer: Care Package and Emergency Airdrop do not count. All others do.
Answer: All killstreak rewards that you control count towards your streak. You have the rewards that you can control for 100% , like the Chopper Gunner, AC130, Predator Missile. And you have the rewards where you choose where to place it, like the Harrier Strike, Predator Strike, Stealth Bomber
I'm unsure about Pavelow: with the glitch it counted towards you streak whenever you got one kill AFTER gettin the Pavelow (before calling it in). If this is fixed I don't know how it works now.


full-screen browsing with IE10 on Windows 8

Question:
Possible Duplicate:
Is it possible to use the IE10 App without making Internet Explorer the default browser?
full-screen browsing with IE10 on Windows 8

I have updated to Windows 8 and got Internet Explorer 10, but I don't get the full screen mode, is just like another desktop app. All links on the Windows Store Apps (Bing, News...) redirect to the old desktop and open my default browser. I have been looking on the IE10 options but I don't see this option. How can I solve this?

Maybe this info help:

Windows version: Windows 8 Pro 64 bits
Installed Browsers: Firefox, Chrome (default), Opera, IE10
I have seem other people with the same version and is working
Answer: I think what you are looking for is how to change your default browser?
If you do so then you have to look into your control panel under programs -> default programs -> set default programs. There you have to select IE10 as your default browser.
This should solve your problem


Is any credit reporting agency less likely to remove a disputed item than the others?

Question: Between TransUnion, Equifax and Experian: is any agency more anti-deletion than the other agencies? I have two items to dispute: one I can prove is incorrect and the other an unpaid credit card that went to collections 7 years ago. Which agencies tend to deny disputes? I believe I only have to contact one CRA, so I want to make sure I contact the best one. Also, is it 7 years when bad debt falls off your report, or is it 7 years and several months?
Comment: Dispute it with all three of them. Useless question based on false information.  `I believe I only have to contact one CRA` what?
Comment: Which country are you in?
Comment: In the US, they inform each other when you place a hold on your credit. They may not do so for anything else.Assume you have to contact all three until they or the government (preferably them) tells you otherwise.
Comment: Be careful with that aged debt.  There are ways they can restart the clock.  Research around to find out how to deal with them.  There is a [wiki](https://www.reddit.com/r/personalfinance/wiki/collections), from the /r/personalfinance subreddit with excellent resources on how to deal with collections.  If you do it correctly, you can probably force the old card off your report.  If you do it incorrectly you may resurrect the debt.
Answer: Federal law (the "Fair Credit Reporting Act") requires the credit reporting agencies to temporarily remove disputed items from your credit report, and the reporting creditor is required to establish that the information either is or isn't valid. The reporting agencies themselves don't make the final decision on the validity of the item you're disputing.  Either the creditor can or can't substantiate the item, and it's as simple as that.  If the item can't be verified by the reporting creditor then it comes off your report -- otherwise it is put back on.
This is a great scam of the companies that say they can remove bad credit from your credit report.  Their scheme is to challenge everything on your report, and for the next few weeks to a month, you have what looks to be a clean credit report while the creditors investigate and report back.  But of the debts are valid, they come right back.
As Dai pointed out, the agencies don't do well at communicating with each other, so you might have to go through this process with each of them individually.
Good luck!
Answer: I had an issue where one of my 0%-interest credit cards hadn't been reported to any of the credit agencies for six months, which reduced my credit-score dramatically because it made it look like I was carrying a much higher balance than I really was.
I needed to raise a dispute with all three agencies directly, they did not inform each other of the correction. Fortunately it was an easy, fire-and-forget process: I filled out each agency's online forms, waited 30 days, and creditkarma.com showed the corrections the following week.


microphone trouble

Question: I am trying to use my Google Voice and the other party cannot hear me.  So I tried recoding something and it did not work. So how do I run some sort of diagnostic to check to see of my microphone is working?
Answer: Click on the Sound Menu indicator, up right of your screen. Select "Sound Settings…".
In the newly opened app, go to the "Input" tab. If a sound input device is detected, it should then appear in the list on the left and you can make some tests on the right.
Answer: Click on your Sound system Icon (looks like a speaker) go to "Sound Settings".
In sound settings there is an "Input" tab click on it.
On the left hand side you should see all the detected input devices on the right you will see the available options for the selected device. If the device is muted (default behavior) you will need to un-mute it before the Input Level monitor will display the detected sound.
If it still isn't detecting sound or if your device isn't showing up we will need more information about the device in question to help further.

microphone trouble


(Psychology) Mismatch with Advisor's Research Interests

Question: A complicated story so I'll try to keep it short. Basically, I was fairly young applying to PhD programs (in psychology) and got into a program where I thought I'd be a great fit. My advisor's research interests seemed to match up with mine, but the more I started working in the lab I realized how much they....don't. I'm realizing that we have really conflicting theoretical orientations, and I'm not in any way shape or form thrilled about the current research being conducted in the lab. I've been skirting by on the outer rim of their research interests, but I ultimately know for the sake of my future I should be working with someone who has more expertise in what I specifically want to work in. All that said, I can tell my advisor wants me to pursue my own interests and is trying to support my ideas (but it's clear they are working outside their expertise). I actually have a great relationship with my current advisor and interpersonally get along fantastically with my lab. I feel lost as to what to do (switch labs and work with someone more related to what I want to do-not sure if that would damage any current relationships with my present lab, continue with someone who is very supportive but not in the area I want to be in, something else....). I would feel more comfortable working outside said advisors expertise; however, they are new faculty and I'm not confident they can support me very well in that domain. Honestly just looking for advice/thoughts.... I've subtly brought this up in our individual meetings but haven't done anything drastic.
Comment: Miss Match is a flammable lady ;-)
Answer: One statement in your question stands out: "I can tell my advisor wants me to pursue my own interests and is trying to support my ideas". That alone would suggest that, under certain conditions, it might be wise to stay. You have other supporting statements as well.
Some students can carry on their research with only minimal advice from advisors. Others need more continuing support, and even the ideas about what to study. You seem to be more in the former group than the latter, but you need to judge that.
If your advisor were hostile, or even indifferent, to your research goals, it would be better to leave, but in this case, perhaps staying is the best option.
But an advisor can be helpful to you in many ways other than just basic support. S/he can help with process and with keeping you within ethical norms of the field. They can probably also make a fair judgement about when you are done and ready to write up your findings. The general support also implies that they will sign off on the work and write good letters. That alone is enough, provided that you are self driven enough, and with enough ideas, to carry through the research relatively unguided.
You need to judge this, of course, but I would be hesitant to make a quick decision to go elsewhere, either at the same university or at a different one. Imagine what your situation would be if it were completely reversed: a hostile advisor who was very knowledgeable in your specialization.
Think before you jump.
However, there is also an opportunity to get the specific guidance you may want outside your institution. It is harder, but not impossible, to keep close contact. In the long term, you do want external collaborative relationships to support your future career and it isn't unreasonable to begin to develop them now. Your current advisor may even be able to put you in contact with a few people. Conferences are also good for making contacts in some fields.
Answer: Anyone where you are with the right interests that you could add to the team? It's not clear how far along you are, but switching is always disruptive. Furthermore, you already have good support and engagement and that should not be undervalued. A supervisor does not only provide technical guidance, but also assistance with helping you think through your research question, structuring your thesis, contacts, planning and managing a research program, and many other aspects of being a researcher.
To me it sounds like you need to have a clear talk with your advisor about your desired approach and ask for assistance about how to achieve that.
Also, can you do some research contrasting your approach and your advisor's - what does each bring to the table? Can they be combined or parts dealt with one way and other parts the other way? People with different views can make fabulous collaborators.
Answer: I am in the exact same situation. I unfortunately had to stay with my advisor and am seeking help from other people but it is not easy. If you can, I would recommend switching to someone else. Your future success matters the most.


Separate site for Minecraft

Question: There are so many questions about Minecraft they would fill a site, and most of them are trivial to answer. I regularly go on Arqade to answer questions, but Minecraft dominates the place.
Comment: check area-51, its been proposed several times, and always gets shut down as a duplicate to this site.
Answer: If you are not happy to see any tags, you can use "Ignored Tags" panel to ignore them. After that these tags won't appear on main page or in search for you.
Comment: @inakibss if you add `minecraft*` to your ignore list it will ignore all tags starting with Minecraft. Saves you having to ignore each individually
Comment: Wish I had known this before.
Answer: There are already sites here that are subcategories of other sites. Poker and Chess exist despite being part of Board & Card Games for example.
However, it's not the job of Arqade as a site to make this happen. It'd require members from the Minecraft community here to start the site.
Answer: Yes, there are a lot of Minecraft questions. This is just because Minecraft is a popular game, so naturally a lot of people will ask for help. And as you say, most MC questions are out of scope for this site. As you can probably tell from the sidebar, this is a pretty common problem people have, and unfortunately there is no easy answer. The problem with a dedicated site is that it's still going to have to fit the rules of the network, which means that most of the questions on that site are STILL going to be off-topic and closed as such.
And that's just the fact of the matter. Yes, a lot of Minecraft questions are low quality or duplicates. Most of them are asked by entirely new users who don't know how the site works and probably just found this site somewhere. If you check some of the recent users, you'll actually notice A LOT of them (probably close to a third, if not more) are actually online content creators who are probably looking for ways to expand their audience, and they think that our site might help them in that. I think we might have more success focusing on that front.
Comment: That's ridiculous. Answering questions is a much better way of getting rep.
Comment: How can this be a viable marketing strategy?
Comment: @inakilbss I think they're posting questions to get rep until they can post videos, then post videos in those questions

Separate site for Minecraft


Convolution of an $L^1(\mathbb{R})$ function and $|\cdot|^{-p}$ for $p\in (0,1)$

Question: I need to show that $\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}|x-y|^{-p}f(y)\text{d}y<\infty$ for a.e. $x$ when $f\in L^1(\mathbb{R})$ and $p\in (0,1)$. Is the convolution still finite a.e. if instead of $|\cdot|^{-p}$ we use an arbitrary function in $L^1_{loc}(\mathbb{R})$?
Answer: Hint: Show that $g(x) = \int_{x-1}^{x+1} |x - y|^{-p}f(y)\,dy$ is finite $a.e.$ by showing that $g(x)$ is in $L^1$. Showing the rest of $\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} |x - y|^{-p}f(y)\,dy$ is finite for all $x$ can be done by directly bounding the integrand.
Comment: I think this is an elegant method.
Answer: Supposing that $f$ is continuous at $0$, the reason for the integral $\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}|y|^{-p}f(y)\text{d}y$ being finite is that $|y|^{-p}$ is integrable near $y=0$, and that $f$ is globally integrable. So the proof must somehow separate the integral into two integrals.
By the Lebesgue theorem,
$$
F(x) = \int_{-\infty}^xf(t)\mathrm{d}t,
$$
is differentiable almost everywhere, with $F'(x)=f(x)$. We pick such an $x$, and without loss of generality, let us assume $x=0$. Also, let $\delta>0$. Then
$$
\int_{-\infty}^\infty|y|^{-p}f(y)\mathrm{d}y = \int_{-\delta}^\delta|y|^{-p}f(y)\mathrm{d}y + \int_{|x|>\delta}|y|^{-p}f(y)\mathrm{d}y.
$$
The second integral in the right hand side can be estimated easily as
$$
\int_{|x|>\delta}|y|^{-p}f(y)\mathrm{d}y
\leq
\delta^{-p}\int_{|x|>\delta}|f(y)|\mathrm{d}y
\leq \delta^{-p}\|f\|_{L^1}.
$$
For the first integral, we have
$$
\int_{-\delta}^\delta\frac{F'(y)}{|y|^{p}}\mathrm{d}y
=
\left.\frac{F(y)}{|y|^{p}}\right|_{-\delta}^{\delta}
+
p\int_{-\delta}^\delta\frac{yF(y)}{|y|^{p+2}}\mathrm{d}y.
\qquad\qquad(*)
$$
The first term in the right hand side is obviously finite.
Note that by definition
$$
F(y)=F(0)+yF'(0)+o(|y|),
$$
and that we can take $F(0)=0$ since the left hand side of ($*$) depends only on $F'$.
Taking this into account, we infer
$$
\int_{-\delta}^\delta\frac{yF(y)}{|y|^{p+2}}\mathrm{d}y
=
\int_{-\delta}^\delta\frac{y^2F'(0)+o(|y|^2)}{|y|^{p+2}}\mathrm{d}y
=O(\delta^{1-p}),
$$
which completes the demonstration.
The answer to the second question is no. You can take $f$ to be a Gaussian, and convolve it with a fast growing function.


Is it possible to import a single mysql database directory?

Question: I am somewhat new to mysql. I created some databases recently and, to back them up, I just copied the folders with those database names in the mysql data directory (i.e containing only db.opt, .frm, and .ibd files). Unfortunately, my computer crashed. I now realize I did not back up the databases in the correct way (as I understand now, I should either have backed up the entire mysql data directory or used mysqldump). However, is there any way to recover the information from these data folders or is it lost?
Comment: Have a look around : http://dba.stackexchange.com/search?q=frm+recover
Answer: OK, spurred on by RolandoMySQLDBA's comment (I didn't know what to look for earlier), I was able to solve this.
Ultimately, I used this blog post to recover the table data from the .frm files.
Then, I used the technique here to import the ibd data.


How are Roman Catholics to receive the holy Eucharist at Mass?

Question: What is the etiquette to be followed when receiving the holy Eucharist? Is one to kneel down? Does one receive in the hand or directly on the tongue? Are there any prescribed procedures from Vatican?
Answer: In the US, what are the guidelines on how one should receive Holy Communion?

Those who receive Communion may receive either in the hand or on the
  tongue, and the decision should be that of the individual receiving,
  not of the person distributing Communion. If Communion is received in
  the hand, the hands should first of all be clean. If one is right
  handed the left hand should rest upon the right. The host will then be
  laid in the palm of the left hand and then taken by the right hand to
  the mouth. If one is left-handed this is reversed. It is not
  appropriate to reach out with the fingers and take the host from the
  person distributing.
Source: The Reception of Holy Communion at Mass | USCCB.

For the Holy See's position, please see: Communion received on the tongue and while kneeling | Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff.

The most ancient practice of distributing Holy Communion was, with all
  probability, to give Communion to the faithful in the palm of the
  hand. The history of the liturgy, however, makes clear that rather
  early on a process took place to change this practice.
From the time of the Fathers of the Church, a tendency was born and
  consolidated whereby distribution of Holy Communion in the hand became
  more and more restricted in favor of distributing Holy Communion on
  the tongue. The motivation for this practice is two-fold: a) first, to
  avoid, as much as possible, the dropping of Eucharistic particles; b)
  second, to increase among the faithful devotion to the Real Presence
  of Christ in the Sacrament of the Eucharist.
  [...]
  In continuity with the teaching of his Predecessor, starting with the Solemnity of Corpus Christi in the year 2008, the Holy Father, Benedict XVI, began to distribute to the faithful the Body of the Lord, by placing it directly on the tongue of the faithful as they remain kneeling.

For the history of Holy Communion in the hand please see: Library: Holy Communion in the Hand? By Paul Kokoski | Catholic Culture.
Please see also: Communion in the hand: Documents and History | Most Reverend Juan Rodolfo Laise, Bishop of San Luis, Argentina.
Please see this video: Make Of Our Hands A Throne. Typical reception of Holy Communion in the US. (OP: withholding comments).

Endnote

It is important to note that no bishop or bishop conference decide on their own what manner Holy Communion should be received by the Faithful. They must first petition the Vatican for an indult and a concession be granted. cf. Communion-in-the-Hand | EWTN.
For the communicant, the reception of Holy Communion by whatever manner that is approved in their own diocese ought to be done with the right and proper reverence due to the One being received. In my diocese the Bishop asks that the communicants bow before receiving Holy Communion, which they do standing.
@AndrewLeach has shared "The practice [...] of not handing the chalice to each communicant is actually laid down in the General Instruction of the Roman Missal." This is something not observed in my parish and therefore worth investigating further.
Answer: In the Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham (whose territory is Great Britain), the following apply. The document was issued under the name of the Ordinary, with the approval of the Holy See:

The  Distribution  of  Holy  Communion

In   keeping   with   the   Anglican   tradition,   it   is   highly   commended   that   Holy
  Communion   be   distributed   at   a   communion   rail   (or   in   a   similar   manner)   to
  kneeling  communicants.
Where  Holy  Communion  is  received  in  the  hand,  due  reverence  and  the  patristic
  and  Anglican  practice  of  'making  a  throne'  and  taking  the  Sacred  Host  to  the  mouth
  are  highly  commended,  as  is  the  practice  of  receiving  Holy  Communion  directly  on
  the  tongue.
In  keeping  with  the  Anglican  tradition,  it  is  highly  commended  that  the  chalice  is
  always   retained   by   the   Minister   of   Holy   Communion,   whether   Ordinary   or
  Extraordinary,   and   not   passed   into   the   hands   of   the   communicant.   Holy
  Communion   under   both   kinds   is   part   of   the   patrimony   and   remains   normal
  practice  in  the  Personal  Ordinariate.

[Liturgical Guidelines, Easter 2013]

The practice mentioned in §38 of not handing the chalice to each communicant is actually laid down in the General Instruction of the Roman Missal, although in England & Wales at least that exhortation appears to be widely ignored.
Comment: Amazing that the Anglicans maintained this very reverent tradition while some in the Universal Church sought an indult ... Thank you for sharing and enriching our knowledge.
Answer: Receiving Communion on the tongue and kneeling has always been and still is the norm for Catholics.
The founders of Protestantism (Luther, Cranmer, et al.) advocated Communion in the hand to emphasize, against Catholic teaching, that a consecrated Host is just bread (Deus panis factus).
John Paul II wrote in Dominicæ Cenæ that

To touch the sacred species and to distribute them with their own
  hands is a privilege of the ordained

In defense of Communion in the hand, this quote, falsely attributed to St. Cyril of Jerusalem, is cited:

In approaching, therefore, come not with thy wrists extended, or thy fingers spread; but make thy left hand a throne for the right, as for that which is to receive a King. And having hollowed thy palm, receive the Body of Christ, saying over it, Amen. So then after having carefully hallowed thine eyes by the touch of the Holy Body, partake of it; giving heed lest thou lose any portion thereof; for whatever thou losest, is evidently a loss to thee as it were from one of thine own members.
  [quoted in the beginning of ch. 3 of The Eucharistic Storms]

Yet, St. Epiphanius, St Jerome, and St. Augustine all held that the work from which the above quote comes was really written by St. Cyril's successor, the Patriach John of Jerusalem. He was a crypto-Arian heretic. (source)
St. Thomas Aquinas, addressing the question "Whether dispensing of this sacrament belongs to a priest alone?," says:

The dispensing of Christ's body belongs to the priest for three reasons. First, because…he consecrates as in the person of Christ. But as Christ consecrated His body at the supper, so also He gave it to others to be partaken of by them. Accordingly, as the consecration of Christ's body belongs to the priest, so likewise does the dispensing belong to him. Secondly, because the priest is the appointed intermediary between God and the people; hence as it belongs to him to offer the people's gifts to God, so it belongs to him to deliver consecrated gifts to the people. Thirdly, because out of reverence towards this sacrament, nothing touches it, but what is consecrated; hence the corporal and the chalice are consecrated, and likewise the priest's hands, for touching this sacrament. Hence it is not lawful for anyone else to touch it except from necessity, for instance, if it were to fall upon the ground, or else in some other case of urgency.

For more information, see:

Communion in the Hand and Similar Frauds by Michael Davies
"Understanding Hand Communion" by Fr. Gruner (see also his videos: Part 1 & Part 2)
The Eucharistic Storms: Communion in the hand and marginalizing the Real Presence by Barry Forbes of Communion-on-the-Tongue.org (in AZW3 or EPUB formats)
Comment: The extraordinary ministers handbook (which I read one night fixing the computer in the sacristy in my church, not a big church) said communion in the hands has ancient historical roots. I think that sounds like hogwash, but it's probably worth investigating.
Comment: @PeterTurner: I added the quote—falsely attributed to St. Cyril of Jerusalum, but really written by his crypto-Arian heretic successor, the patriarch John of Jerusalem—that many people use to "justify" Communion in the hand and "show" that it allegedly has ancient historical roots. The fact is, Communion on the tongue has been practiced since the very beginning.
Comment: @Geremia: Can you provide a reference for the statement that it is falsely attributed to St. Cyril of Jerusalem?  The following quote comes directly from my copy of the Catechetical Lectures, Lecture 23: "21. In approaching(2) therefore, come not with thy wrists extended, or thy fingers spread; but make thy left hand a throne for the fight, as for that which is to receive a King(3). And having hollowed thy palm, receive the Body of Christ, saying over it, Amen."


Was Genesis 2 understood to be a creation narrative in Judaic literature?

Question: Genesis 2 is commonly considered a creation narrative of the first humans. But when did this interpretation originate? Does ancient Jewish literature support this view or view Adam and Eve simply as the first covenant people?
Comment: @user1992912 Are you happy with the edit P TJ made?
Comment: I'm looking for evidence that the hebrew bible - when it was written - was understood this way.  I don't see any writing until much later (first century) that interprets Adam and Eve as being the first humans.  Does someone know if the Mishna or Talmud indicate how Gen 2 was understood in earlier times (e.g first temple era)?
Comment: **A.)** I really think this question should be reopened, or moved to Judaism.SE.  For reference, both Rashi and Rashbam (his grandsom), who were later commentators wrote on this.  You can see Rashi's at chabad.org.  **B.)** The Talmud is post-Temple Period, and probably not not relevant;  **C.)** Early Tannaitic and apocalyptic literature, as well as the Aramaic translations of Genesis - do tackle this.  **D.)** But - it is certainly considered a part of Cannon, though perhaps - at a stretch - by different authors, (See "Documentary Hypothesis").
Comment: Yes, Genesis 2. I'm not a Hebrew scholar but Gen 2 seems to be a clear creation narrative. It seems clearly intended to describe the original creation of humans as there would be no need to create them "from the dust" (עָפָר֙) if there were preexisting people. I think a better question would be, is there any evidence in the Hebrew that Genesis 2 ISN'T intended as a creation narrative?
Comment: Related - https://judaism.stackexchange.com/questions/66125/adam-and-eve-as-parable-or-literal
Comment: Genesis Rabbah would be an excellent place to search also. https://archive.org/stream/RabbaGenesis/midrashrabbahgen027557mbp_djvu.txt
Answer: The story of Creation in the Tanakh is divided into two parts - the first part apparently being a later addition to Genesis during or after the Israelite exile to Babylon. This appears to have been intended to be a prologue or introduction to the book of Genesis and the creation narrative.
The second part appears to pick up in 2:4. A comparative analysis of the Geneis creation narrative and other narratives of the period and region reveals that while Genesis does not appear to be the first creation myth, it does appear to tell the same story as a corrective; using polemic to retell the shared creation story from the Hebrew perspective. The author uses this polemic to tell the "right" version to highlight the superiority of the Hebrew God Yahweh over other culture's gods; Each passage demonstrating how Yahweh is superior than the respective god of that creative act or deistic role. The story also highlights the centrality of mankind in which mankind is the apex of creation and all the earth is created for the benefit of mankind out of love. Conversely, mankind are created to serve the gods in competing creation myths. Finally, the Genesis creation narrative serves as a launching point for the following themes of Genesis and the Torah as a whole. Most notably, it serves to establish the need for the covenant relationship.
Consider that In Exodus the Hebrew people are promised a land flowing with milk and Honey, yet in Genesis the first Hebrew people lost the original promised land flowing with milk and Honey - the Garden of Eden. They did this by rejecting God's plan for them. This theme continues in Jeremiah 29:11 with Yahweh stating:

For I know what I have planned for you,' says the Lord. 'I have plans to prosper you, not to harm you. I have plans to give you a future filled with hope.

This promise comes after a time of Idolatry that, according to Jeremiah and other prophets, cost Israel their promised land. After repentance, Israel is returned from Exile and enjoys the promised prosperity, but walks away from God again and again loses the Promised land to the Romans. A similar time of alternating periods of obedience and disobedience is reflected in Judges.
The Genesis creation story begins this theme. On the one hand, it appears to be about the very first people, but at the same the name "Adam" means "Man" or "Mankind" and thus inviting the people of Israel to put themselves in the places of Adam and Eve. This is not merely an event that happened in the past, but is a sin that Israel keeps repeating; History that Israel is failing to lean from and is doomed to keep repeating.
Thus, the retelling of existing origin stories indicates this is about the first people, but the way in which it is told is intended to be about both the first people and God's covenant people.

Author's note to the Original Poster:
I understand that you are looking for evidence that the Bible was understood this way. Unfortunately, outside of the Torah, there simply aren't many historical records from the time of Abraham until the time of Jesus. This kind of evidence just doesn't exist in Hebrew culture. The answer to your question however is very evident however from comparing and contrasting creative stories. I would therefore urge you to read my earlier referenced comparative analysis - but fair warning it isn't light reading and is rather extensive. This is why I have chosen to reference it here as opposed to reproducing it in part or whole.
Comment: Yes. The Hebrews definitely believed in a rhythm of history (not repeating cycles, but similar events). The rabbis linked Joel's prophecy of the last days back to the 70 elders of Moses' day. Likewise, they saw Esther in the king's court surrounded by at best those she couldn't trust and at worst enemies as a personification of David's travail in Psalm 22.


What is the difference between 激动 and 冲动?

Question: What is the difference between "激动" and "冲动"?
So for example, what is the difference between:

先别激动,冷静一下。

and

先别冲动,冷静一下。
Comment: 激动 = agitated; 冲动 = reckless
Answer: i would translate 激動 to "intensely emotional", where the emotion can be any sort of emotion, positive or negative (e.g. sorrow, anger, happiness). so it's very useful word because it can mean many things (despair, rage, ecstatic). and 衝動 means recklessness or impulsiveness driven by strong emotions, again any kind of emotion will do. typically the type of emotion is implied or from context.
when describing a person, 激動 is more of a mental state, where as 衝動 implies the person is physically getting ready for action (larger and more violent actions).
激動 examples: 他激動到哭出來。他激動到說不出話來。 (he is so emotional he starts to cry. he is so emotional he couldn't speak.) i used these examples intentionally to demonstrate that even though crying is an action, it's not big enough of an action so you can't use 衝動。
衝動 examples: 他一時衝動,把車窗打破。他衝動的跑去找上司理論。(he became reckless and broke the car window. he recklessly went to argue with the boss.) here the person is driven by the emotion (rage, displeasure or whatever) to do something reckless or impulsive.
衝動 can also be used to describe an action, where as 激動 only works on people.
eg. 衝動的舉動,衝動的行為 (reckless actions).
so to answer your question, the first sentence implies the person should calm down in order to think clearly (or not have a mental break down), and the second sentence means the person should calm down and not do what he is about to do.
another usage you might find useful: 我這樣做會不會太衝動? (would it be reckless if i did this?) for asking people's opinion when you feel like you're about to do something you might regret.
Answer: The best way to translate these two is 激動 as excited, and 衝動 as impulse or drive.
Answer: 冲动 means to be inclined to do something suddenly , regardless of its outcome which usually is dangerous and harmful.
The meaning of 激动 is relatively neutral.
Answer:
激动 is more likely for psychological while 冲动 is more likely for physical. For example: 得知自己的公司即将拿到新的投资了,我们几个创始人都很激动(Knowing that our company's gonna get a new round of investment, all the founders are very excited)
激动 is more when something good happened while 冲动 is more likely when something bad happened. For example: 他不是故意要害你的,千万别冲动啊(He's not offending you on purpose, just let it go)


Can the luma cable in component video be used as composite video

Question: If I have a device that outputs HD YPbPr component video (through three cables: Y, Pb and Pr), can I use a single cable and connect it to only the green Y (luma)-jack to output SD composite video to a non-HD TV?
Answer: If that "HD device" is set to output 480i (or other non-HD resolution that is compatible with the "non-HD TV"), then connecting the green Y (luma) output-jack to the composite input should produce a grey-scale (aka black&white) image.
Since there is no color (chroma) information in the Y signal, it's not really a composite video signal.  But it does have H and V sync pulses to make a compatible signal.
Answer: No.  The "composite" part of the term indicates that a sync pulse, half a luminance frame and a compressed color burst have all be sent, in turn, on the same wire.  The reason it is Standard Definition is because the color had to be compressed to fit it into the waveform, limiting its accuracy.  Component video is high def because the color is output, uncompressed, on a separate wire, and because you can switch to a frame with more lines.


Meta tags on Drupal blog home page

Question: How can I overwrite meta tags on the Drupal blog homepage? I'm using a "Blog" module ( which creates a blog homepage with the URL www.mysite.org/blog ) and a "Metateg" module for generating and overwriting title, description and keywords meta tags. The problem is that I can't find a way to overwrite the default generated meta tags for the blog home page since Metatag module doesn't provide this functionality. Is there any other way to do it?
Answer: You need to use the metatag_context sub module of Metatag, which means you need the Context module.
I was thrown for a loop on this as well. It'll create a default Context for a few of these oddball situations. Your metatag information is then controlled through Context.
See source for export handling blog: http://cgit.drupalcode.org/metatag/tree/metatag_context/metatag_context.context.inc#n251

Meta tags on Drupal blog home page


Why are not all hosts listed in the TestComplete 8 Network Suite Wizard?

Question: I want to use the Network Suite Wizard. So I go to "Test" - "Create Distributed Test...". Then I press "Add Hosts...". My problem is that not all hosts are listed here. What can I do about this? I can ping the desired host that is not in the list.
Comment: Which network suite wizard are you referring to?  If this is part of a tool, please state its name.
Comment: I tagged my question with the product, I am talking about TestComplete.
Answer: Why:
Windows API methods are used to get the computers list. There may be network policy restrictions or issues that prevent some nodes to appear on the list Windows returns. What I would check is whether the unavailable nodes appear under the Network node in Windows Explorer. If they are there, but not visible in TC's dialogs, this would be strange.
What to do:
Go to the Hosts editor, add a new Host. After that, you can specify the needed computer's IP address or a network name in the inline editor of the Address field (without opening the PC selection dialog).
I hopes this helps!
Comment: Exactly, they are not listed in the Windows Explorer neither. I already took the manual path. Thank you for your answer.
Comment: Cool! Would you mind marking the response as accepted? ;)
Answer: This depends on two things: first, TestComplete8 or TestExecute8 must be installed on each system you're planning to use as a host (as described on the SmartBear help site - this requirement has not changed between TestComplete8 and TestComplete9)
Second, your network configuration and firewall setup must permit TestComplete to communicate through its own dedicated ports.
Comment: Kate, it is actually not needed to have TC or TE on some host to make the host appear in the dialog. The dialog lists the avialable network PCs using Windows API methods, it does not "talk" to the TC/TE service on the remote computers.
Comment: All workstations and notebooks are listed there, the servers are missing. I can add them manually however in the  Hosts section. Verify works and deploying projects to those servers also works.
Comment: My misunderstanding - I was reading "host" as "machine that will be running a network project" rather than "server" - apologies for the confusion.


How can I tell if a steel rod is for sharpening or honing?

Question: I bought one of those rod tools before I fully understood the process. Now I'm not sure if the steel rod I bought is meant for honing or for sharpening. Is there a way to tell the difference simply by the look/feel of the steel?
Answer: If it's a rod, it's for honing, not sharpening.  As stated in this article from Serious Eats:

One of the biggest misconceptions about the particular type of kitchen tool you see above is the belief that it's a knife sharpener. It doesn't help that many manufacturers sell their honing steels as such. But a honing steel is not a sharpener. Ridged, rod-like honing steels, or "stropping irons," as they're sometimes called, do not sharpen blades; they realign them.
Comment: With one semi-exception. The action of a diamond steel is similar to sharpening: it does actually grind some material off the bevel's surface. But it's too slow to be practical as a true sharpening tool.
Comment: @Paparazzi Sounds like there's been some misunderstanding. I didn't assume that - note the "...even if..." in my comment. I'm saying explaining how to distinguish between diamond steels and honing steels is a good idea whether or not diamond steels are good sharpening implements. (That said, I *have* tried a diamond steel briefly, and my impression was the same as Josh's, and that of many other things I've read - not a great way to sharpen.)
Comment: It's a bit ambiguous, but I think a reasonable interpretation of "meant for honing or sharpening" in the question is what the manufacturer thinks it's for, not just what it's actually good for - so identifying whether this is a diamond steel *meant* for sharpening (as Josh mentioned) seems like an important part of an answer, even if in the end it isn't actually *useful* for sharpening.
Comment: @Jefromi Why do you assume a diamond steel is not actually useful for sharpening?
Answer: If its a sharpening steel it should be abrasive, and if its a honing steel it shouldn't be. So, in theory, you should be able to rub it across some metal about as hard as knife steel and mar the surface or leave scratches if its an abrasive sharpening steel, and a non-abrasive honing steel wouldn't mar the surface.
Answer: Wusthof hone versus shapen

Sharpening Steel
When a knife's edge becomes dull, you can reset the edge with a
  diamond steel or ceramic steel. The difference between a diamond steel
  or ceramic steel and honing steel, is that a diamond steel and ceramic
  steel will actually grind away material from the knife, allowing it to
  reset the edge.

I don't know how to tell if it is a diamond steel on inspection.
A honing steel is often called a sharpening steel.
Comment: _"I don't know how to tell if it is a diamond steel on inspection."_ A traditional steel is most often round in cross-section and will have ridges running along its length. A diamond steel will not; it will have a flat surface that is sparkly and rough to the touch, like fine sandpaper. It is most often oblong in cross-section.


Is there a standard/preferred way to add additional information to a question?

Question: After asking a question I continued to work on a solution.  Later, I gathered more information.  I feel that this additional information should be denoted so that it is not grouped with the original question.  Is there a standard/preferred way to do this?
Comment: This should be done with an edit of the original post. See [How does editing work](http://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/21788/how-does-editing-work).
Answer: I see this a lot and I see it mishandled a lot.
First, if you have no answers yet you should just edit your question to include the new information. Don't add headings like "update" or "edit" or other meta information. Just include your code, clarify what you've tried, or expand on what hasn't worked. If there were comments asking for this, add a comment saying that you've updated the question. (Commenters are notified by the system when you add comments like that: they aren't notified about edits. On getting a notification they may return and write you an anwser.) After a day or so you should flag all such comments as obsolete and remove yours.
Second, if you have some answers, but you are not adding contradicting information, you should add the new information in much the same way, but you might choose to add it at very top or very bottom of the question, not in the middle of a sentence in the middle of a paragraph. For example if one of the answers starts "in version ABC of the product, you do it this way" but you're using version DEF and hadn't said so, you should add a whole sentence, in an easily-spotted place, that clarifies your version. You should also comment on the answer, something like "my apologies, I am using version DEF so this won't work for me. I've updated the question." The person may choose to remove their answer or to leave it for others with a similar problem.
Third, if someone gives you an answer, you try it, and it does not help, you should leave a comment on the answer saying so. You don't need to edit the question to add the information that "I tried closing and opening it again as suggested by [Whoever] but that did not help." As in the first point, leaving a comment will cause a notification. Editing the question or adding another answer will not.
Fourth, if you have answers and your update is invalidating them, you should probably ask a whole new question. For example you said in your question that you're sure the file exists, you're sure you have permissions on it, and you're sure it's in the right format, and therefore this error message is totally wrong. You've been given some answers based on that information, and now you realize in fact you don't have permissions. You've fixed up the permissions and are now getting a different error message. You should not edit this question to reflect this ongoing saga. Instead, if there was an answer saying "I think you're wrong and don't have permissions" you should accept it and add a comment saying "Yes, I was wrong." If there is no answer, answer your own question saying you were wrong about the permissions and accept it. (Don't delete the question. Leave it for others to benefit from. A lot of deleted questions can lose you your question-asking privileges.) Now ask a whole new question about the new error message.
Obviously the first is the easiest, and the nicest to answerers.  That's why it's a good idea to stick around after asking your question, monitor activity, and edit as need be.
Answer: Edit the original post

How to separate edited information
Formatting options:

Use a horizontal rule (line) to visually separate content

Use bold phrase to denote edit.

Edit:

Use headings to name sections.

Section 2

Use a comment for short notes to clarify.
Comment: Comments should not be used for additional information core to the question.


How do you distinguish "significant" moves from noise?

Question: How do you distinguish between losses that are within the normal range for day-to-day shifts and situations with a real potential for loss?  The specific application I have in mind is pattern recognition-based algorithmic trading.
Comment: I incorporated these comments into the question.  I hope this better reflects the question you have in mind.
Comment: Stocks typically shift between a range for daily returns. Its very rare for a stock to loose 50% in one day or gain 20% in one day. However if there is a shift of 1%. What are some strategies to determine where the noise is?
Comment: Oh sorry about that.... Well if you hit a "bad day" how do you know that a 3% loss is within the normal range for day to day shifts, or if you really are in a situation for potential loss. The application is for algro trading and pattern recognition.
Answer: Measuring expected shortfall (also known as conditional value-at-risk) answers the simpler question of "what is my average expected loss at the i-th quantile?" given the empirical distribution of returns. A variation is value-at-risk which measures the loss at the i-th quantile.
Arguably you could leave at this this and you have your answer.
You probably want a more robust estimate of your risk.
In this case you can use the bootstrap methodology. When you compute confidence intervals from a random sample, the statistics are themselves random variables. Indeed, your sample of returns itself is one of many possible samples. Each possible sample gives a possible value of Value-at-Risk, mean returns, etc. Although we observe one set of statistics using all your data it was selected at random from many values so it is therefore a random variable.
Enough with the theory - the procedure is not very difficult.

Define some statistic(s) of interest. Let's say it is value-at-risk.
Create a re-sample. You do this by sampling from your distribution of returns WITH replacement. Sample 'n' times where n is the number of observations. (You can actually sample 2n, 3n... if you'd like)
Calculate the statistic of interest on the re-sample.
Repeat steps #2 and #3 a couple thousand times.
Since the re-samples are independent of each other (b/c we re-sampled with replacement), the statistic you calculate in #4 is itself a random variable. You can now construct a confidence interval for the statistic of interest by measuring the standard error of the estimate and the t-statistic.

The bootstrap let's you answer your qualification "within a normal range". The bootstrap recognizes that the empirical distribution is itself a sample from an unknown population.
You can read more about the bootstrap here.
Comment: Can you explain a bit more. I'm not sure what you mean by a bootstrap approach.
Comment: I updated the answer. Let me know if that helps.
Comment: That was much better... I'm going to have to review on stats before I review that answer. ty
Comment: All you really need to know is Stats 101 : confidence intervals, sampling with replacement, and how to make a loop. The theory about random variables makes the procedure seem more complex than its implementation.
Comment: Yea, its been a while though
Answer: The most basic strategy is beta-based quantiles.  That is to say, you first control for losses on your individual stock versus overall market performance.  (Your trading strategy may or may not wish to hedge away the market factor using, say, SPX futures).  Then you choose a quantile, call it the 5th percentile, beyond which you consider a move to be significant.
Symbolically, you are looking at an individual stock return $r_S$, a market return $r_M$, and a simple linear model that you have typically fitted historically
$ r_S = \beta r_M + \epsilon $
On any given day, you can now compute the idiosyncratic return $ r_i  = r_S - \beta r_M $ which will have come from the same distribution as $ \epsilon $.  You may or may not have turned your historically observed residuals $ \epsilon_i $ into a normal (or other continuous) distribution, but either empirically or normally it is now trivial to see if $ r_i $ is below the 5th percentile for $ \epsilon $.


Has a ATP / WTA / Grand slam ever been rained out?

Question: If during a ATP / WTA / Grand slam tennis tournament, rain falls consistently for the entire 2 weeks, would the tournament just be cancelled? Has this ever happened in a grand slam? Is there an actual rule to say when a tournament would be abandoned due to rain or would they just keep waiting till the rain stops?
Comment: I did not find a tournament where all matches were cancelled. But after a bit of googling I can list a few examples where the tournament was not finished. [2011 Open de la Réunion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Open_de_la_R%C3%A9union) (ATP Challenger Tour) - all quarterfinals matches were cancelled. [1997 Eastbourne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_Direct_Line_International_Championships) (WTA Tier II) - both singles and doubles finals were cancelled. You could probably find a few more such cases.
Comment: See also: [Has the WTA tournament ever been cancelled because of the weather?](http://www.tennisforum.com/12-general-messages/417941-has-wta-tournament-ever-been-cancelled-because-weather.html) at tennisforum.
Answer: For questions of this type, it seems reasonable to create a CW answer where various users can contribute the instances they are aware of, add references, etc. (We will probably not create a complete list, but at least we will have some of them.)
List of tournaments cancelled due to rain

Doubles competition at 1987 Dow Chemical Classic (Birmingham) was cancelled due to rain before completion of the first round matches.

List of tournaments unfinished due to rain
Grand Slams

Women's doubles final at December 1977 Australian Open was not played due to rain. See also here. Other sources: 1, 1a

Grand Prix tennis circuit
Grand Prix tennis circuit was a predecessor of ATP Tour.

At 1974 Viceroy Classic (Honk Kong), neither singles nor doubles competition were finished. See Wikipedia page on 1974 Grand Prix.
At the 1976 Nottingham Open both singles and doubles competition remained unfinished. (Source: 1, 1a.) A similar situation repeated at the same tournament a year later, in 1977. (Sources: 1, 1a)
The final of 1977 Peugeot Open (Johanessburg) was not played. See Wikipedia article on 1977 Grand Prix. (However, I did not find some source with explanation of the reason for cancelling. So it's possible that in this case it was not weather-related.)
Final of the 1980 Congoleum Classic (Indian Wells) was not played due to rain. Doubles competition was cancelled after the first round.
The 1981 Monte Carlo Open singles final was abandoned due to rain.
Both singles and doubles finals at 1987 Volvo International (Stratton Mountain) were cancelled due to rain. Sources: 1, 1a.

I will add that the final of 1984 ABN World Tennis Tournament was unfinished, too. But the reasons had nothing to do with weather, the final was cancelled after an anonymous bomb thread. Other sources: 1, 1a
ATP Tour

Doubles final at 1998 Stella Artois Championships (Queen's Club) was cancelled due to rain.
Final of the doubles competition at 1999 Heineken Trophy ('s-Hertogenbosch) was cancelled due to rain.

WTA Tour

Singles final at 1973 Austrian Open (Kitzbühel) was cancelled due to rain. See also here.
Doubles final at 1991 Virginia Slims of Palm Springs was not played because of the rain.
In 1994 Eurocard Open (Lucerne), the doubles competition was cancelled after two of the quarterfinals. Sources: 1, 1a.
In 1997 Direct Line International Championships (Eastbourne) both singles and doubles finals were cancelled due to rain.
In 1998 DFS Classic (Birmingham) the singles semifinal and final matches were not played. (The doubles competition was finished.)
Doubles semifinals at 2000 Amelia Island were cancelled due to rain.
Both singles and doubles final and one doubles semifinal at 2000 State Farm Women's Tennis Classic (Scottsdale) were cancelled due to rain. See here  Other sources: 1, 1a
Comment: I was considering whether to add * List of Grand Slam finals postponed due to rain* as well, but that list would probably too long. (But if somebody thinks it would be a good thing, you can go ahead and make such list. Maybe as a separate answer?)
Comment: Charleston Challenger 2022 can be added: https://twitter.com/ATPChallenger/status/1575246481510043660
Answer: ATP/WTA tournaments last one week, only Grand Slam ones last two weeks.
Tournaments schedule are planned to manage weather problems, sometimes it happened that a player has played two singles match the same day.
In history never happened that a Grand Slam tournament was totally abandoned by weather. You can check the list of men and women winners.
But it happened that ATP/WTA tournaments delay a lot and the final was played on monday (i.e Wimbledon 1919, 1922, 2001)
Answer: No major (a.k.a grand slam) tournament has ever been cancelled due to bad weather. I've never heard of any standard one week tournament being cancelled due to bad weather, either. Since tennis tournaments are held all over the world, they tend to be scheduled during times when the weather is good in whatever part of the world the tournament is being held. For example - Paris in late May/early June for the French Open, where you might get a little bit of rain but it's generally good weather. Some other examples are the Australian Open in January during the Australian summer when it's hot and sunny - the same thing with the Indian Wells Masters series event in March in the southern California desert when the weather is nice and warm.
The US Open had a streak where for 4 straight years the men's final was delayed until the following Monday because it rained on the final Sunday. That is how most weather delays for majors are handled - the matches will just be delayed until the weather is good enough to play. It has, however, prompted the USTA to construct a roof over Arthur Ashe stadium recently because of the delays weather has caused over the years.