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Business Expenses
New York University funds may be used only for necessary and reasonable expenses that support the missions of the University.
Responsible Office: University Controller
Effective July 15, 2004
Revised March 2012
New York University (NYU) receives funds from a variety of sources in support of its missions of education, research, public service, and patient care. It receives gifts, grants and contracts, and revenuefrom the government, students, alumni, and various agenciesthat carry with them fiduciary responsibilities. These responsibilities require the University to maintain operations according to guidelines established by the University's Board of Trustees, and to comply with applicable federal, state, and local rules and regulations.
This policy is intended to ensure proper stewardship of University funds by providing guidelines for their appropriate use, and by outlining procedures that will help members of the NYU community comply with all applicable rules and regulations.
This policy applies to every individual who initiates, processes, approves, or records financial transactions that involve University funds.
All faculty and staff of New York University
All schools, departments, and units of New York University.
Related Documents
University Policies
- Expense Reimbursement Policy
- Petty Cash Fund Policy
- Purchasing Policies and Procedures Manual
Other Documents
- Applicable IRS Regulations and Guidelines
- Federal Acquisitions Regulations (FAR)
- OMB Circular A-21 (Cost Principles for Educational Institutions)
- OMB Circular A-110 (Uniform Requirements for Federal Grants and Agreements with Institutions of Higher Education, Hospitals, and other Nonprofit Organizations)
- Specific Sponsor Agency Guidelines
Direct any general questions about the Business Expenses Policy to your department's administrative office. If you need guidance or assistance on specific issues, call the following offices:
Approval/Authorization Requirements (Grants and Contracts)
Sponsored Programs Administration (SPA)
Tel. (212)998-2888
Office of Sponsored Programs
Tel. (212)998-2121
Approval/Authorization Requirements (Non-Grants)
Accounts Payable Customer Service
Tel. (212)998-2990
Fax. (212)995-4382
Contracts, Leases, etc.
Office of Legal Counsel
Tel. (212)998-2240
Purchasing Services
Tel. (212)998-1030
Contracts (Sponsored Programs)
Contract Office
Tel. (212)998-2903
Office of Sponsored Programs
Tel. (212)998-2121
Federal Allowable and Unallowable Costs
Sponsored Programs Administration (SPA)
Tel. (212)998-2888
Office of Sponsored Programs
Tel. (212)998-2121
Insurance Issues
Insurance Department
Tel. (212)998-2755
Policy Clarification
Controller's Division
Tel. (212)998-2833
Purchasing Policies and Procedures
Purchasing Services and Contract Administration
Tel. (212)998-1030
Record Retention
Office of Legal Counsel
Tel. (212)998-2240
Accounts Payable
Tel. (212)998-2990
Sponsored Projects,
Charged to
Sponsored Programs Administration (SPA)
Tel. (212)998-2888
Office of Sponsored Programs
Tel. (212)998-2121
Tax Issues
Tax Services
Tel. (212)998-1475
These definitions apply to these terms as they are used in this policy.
The individual granted the authority to review and approve (or reject)
transactions that require the use of University funds. The signature of the
"Approver" on the reimbursement or payment request form signifies that the "Approver" has verified the request for compliance to applicable University policies.
Business Expenses
Charges for goods and services that foster or support the missions of the University.
Conflict of Interest
A situation in which an individual or any of his/her family or associates either (1) has an existing or potential financial or other material interest that impairs or might appear to impair the individual's independence and objectivity of judgment in the discharge of responsibilities to the University, or (2) may receive a financial or other material benefit from knowledge of information confidential to the University.
Documentation, or Substantiation
Funds established as "unrestricted funds" that a school, department, or unit may use for miscellaneous expenses that further support their various missions in accordance with the Business Expenses Policy of the University.
Federal Allowable Cost
Cost identified in Section J of OMB Circular A-21 as reimbursable by the federal government.
Federal Unallowable Cost
Cost identified in Section J of OMB Circular A-21 as unreimbursable by the federal government. Certain expenses deemed unallowable by the federal government may be permitted and reimbursed by the University. Such expenses must be segregated and charged to appropriate University accounts.
Facilities and Administrative Cost
Cost incurred for common or joint objectives that cannot be readily and specifically identified with a particular project or program. Also referred to as "indirect cost."
Facilities and Administrative costs include such items as utilities and other plant costs, and certain general expenses that are to some degree attributable to the project or program.
Fiduciary Responsibility
Responsibility to manage funds in a manner consistent with the missions of NYU and the conditions specified by external sources when applicable.
Fringe Benefit
Property or service that an employee receives from the University in lieu of, or in addition to, regular taxable wages.
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)
Fundamental principles of accounting that are used as guidance in the preparation of the University's financial statements.
Gross Income
Refers to items of value received by an employee from the University, including those reimbursements employees receive for business expenses they incur that do not meet the "accountable plan" criteria.
Indirect Cost
See Facilities and Administrative Cost.
An individual who generates a business transaction.
A federal circular (issued by the Office of Management and Budget) establishing cost principles applicable to grants, contracts, and other agreements with educational institutions.
Not extreme or excessive. A cost may be considered reasonable if the nature of the goods and services reflects prudent action.
Recoverable Cost
See "Federal Allowable Cost."
An individual who verifies information and ensures that a transaction complies with the policies and procedures of NYU, and other relevant external guidelines and restrictions.
The careful and responsible management and protection of the University's resources, which includes ensuring that resources are used appropriately or used according to applicable policies of the University.
Any event that involves an exchange of funds, such as paying a bill to a vendor, collecting a fee from a student, or making an interdepartmental charge.
New York University
University Funds
All funds received from internal or external sources and owned by the University, which carry with them fiduciary responsibilities. These include, but are not limited to, discretionary funds, tuition paid by students, and funds from other sources.
Any employee of the University, including student employees.
Business expenses are those costs that are incurred for activities that benefit the University and advance its missions of education, research, public service, and patient care. Business expenses may take the form of direct payments to individuals or agencies that provide the University with goods or services, or reimbursements to University employees for costs they incur on behalf of the University.
University funds may be used only for business expenses. This policy provides the guidelines on the various expenses for which University funds may be used. It is intended to provide general guidelines to help all employees of New York University specifically to:
- understand their responsibilities related to the protection, use, and management of University funds;
- identify expenses that may be charged to specific University funds;
- determine expenses for which University funds could not be used;
- properly record and report expenses incurred in support of University missions; and,
- ensure consistent compliance with applicable federal, state, and local regulations.
Before incurring or approving any expense on behalf of the University, you must know which expenses are allowable or unallowable under the guidelines of the federal government and which are permissible or nonpermissible according to the policies of the University. To avoid costs for which you will not be reimbursed and to avoid incurring financial risks or liabilities to the University, follow the guidelines provided in this document.
Note: Refer to the policies of your school, department or unit as they may be more restrictive than the University policy. In no case will any school, department or unit policy on business expenses be less restrictive than the University policy.
Stewardship Responsibility
All individuals who incur or authorize business expenses on behalf of the University have a responsibility to ensure that University funds are used appropriately. All employees of the University are expected to exercise due diligence when generating, reviewing, and approving transactions that commit the University to an expenditure.
Transaction Authority
Certain individuals are delegated the responsibility or authority to initiate or enter into transactions that commit the University to spend funds. All individuals incurring, approving, recording or processing payment of business expenses must know the signatory approval structure established in his/her school, department, or unit. This structure ensures that business expenses are properly reviewed.
Conflict of Interest
The Board of Trustees of New York University prohibits those activities or behavior which conflict with the best interests of the University. Transactions therefore between a supplier of goods or services and the University in which a conflict of interest exists are prohibited.
"Conflict of interest" is defined as a situation in which a University official, faculty, staff, or any of his/her family or associates either has an existing or potential financial or other material interest that (1) impairs or might appear to impair his/her independence and objectivity of judgment in the discharge of responsibilities to the University, or (2) may receive a financial or other material benefit from knowledge of information confidential to the University.
For specific rules and requirements established by the Board of Trustees, see the Conflict of Interest Policy of the University.
For additional rules and requirements that apply to sponsored programs, see the Office of Sponsored Programs website.
University Policies on Purchasing and Expense Reimbursement
To avoid incurring costs for which you may not be reimbursed, or committing the University to costs that cannot be paid using University funds, check the purchasing policies of the University before you incur the expense. Certain expenses may be subject to specific procurement rules and requirements of the government.
Individuals who incur business expenses using personal funds may be reimbursed by the University through Accounts Payable, Office of the Bursar, or their department's petty cash fund. See the Expense Reimbursement Policy and the Petty Cash Fund Policy of the University for specific guidance. These policies are established to ensure that valid business expenses are reported, recorded, and reimbursed in a consistent manner; and to ensure University compliance with applicable federal, state, and local rules and regulations.
Sponsored Projects
Business expenses charged to sponsored projects are subject to the guidelines provided in this policy, unless the funding agency imposes greater restrictions. The terms of a particular grant or contract should be referred to for guidance on what expenses are allowed.
For guidance on expenses that can or cannot be charged to projects that are funded by the federal government, refer to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-21. Examples of costs deemed unallowable by the federal government (as identified in Section J of the Circular) are listed in Appendix 1 section below. The University however may deem certain federal unallowable costs permissible and identifies in this document those costs for which University funds may be used. Specific requirements apply on how those costs are incurred, recorded, and reported. For more information, see "Federal Allowable and Unallowable Expenses" section below.
Also, refer to the Federal Acquisitions Regulations (FAR) for guidance on laws that govern procurement of goods and services, and to applicable state and local regulations that may apply.
For questions related to a specific grant or contract, contact Sponsored Programs Administration (SPA) in the Controller's Division or the Office of Sponsored Programs.
Allowable and Unallowable Expenses
The University permits the use of University funds for those expenses that support its missions. For details on these expenses, see the "NYU Permissible Expenses" section below. For types of expenses that the University will not permit University funds to be used, see the "NYU Nonpermissible Expenses" section below.
Certain expenses that the University deems legitimate and permissible may be deemed unallowable by the federal government. The University will permit University funds to be used for such expenses, however, they must be identified and segregated in the University's general ledger. See the "Federal Allowable and Unallowable Expenses" section below for more information.
To ensure that federal guidelines are identified and distinguished from those guidelines specific only to or established by NYU, expenses that are deemed permissible/nonpermissible by the University will be referred to in this document as "NYU permissible/nonpermissible expenses." Expenses specifically identified in OMB Circular A-21 will be referred to as "federal allowable/unallowable expenses."
Federal Allowable and Unallowable Expenses
NYU receives support from a variety of external sources, including Federal, State and City governments, private foundations, and various industries. The University is therefore required to comply with certain cost accounting and expense allowability policies that the government and other donors have established.
Federal standards, in particular, form the framework for this NYU policy on business expenses because they apply not just to federal funds themselves but to all funds at the University. Federal standards mandate that certain costs must not be charged directly to a federal fund, or charged indirectly to a federal fund through the University's facility and administrative (indirect) cost rate. To help determine those costs that the federal government will or will not allow, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has issued Circular A-21. The Business Expenses Policy of the University reflects the principles established in the Circular; it details the requirements that apply and provides procedures that will help ensure the University's compliance to those requirements.
Federal Allowable Expenses
OMB Circular A-21 deems allowable those expenses that are incurred in tasks and functions related to research and development, training and other work at the University that the federal government sponsors (under grants, contracts, or other agreements).
Also, OMB Circular A-21 deems allowable those costs that are reasonable and necessary in activities that support the missions of the University. Facility and administrative costs that are incurred for objectives common to or shared by the University and the federal government (which therefore cannot be identified readily and specifically with a particular sponsored project, an instructional activity, or any other institutional activity) are also allowable. Such expenses are considered the government's "fair share of total costs" and may therefore be reimbursed by the government.
Federal Unallowable Expenses
Federal unallowable costs refer to expenses that are not deemed reimbursable by the federal government under the rules defined in OMB Circular A-21. Such expenses must NOT be charged directly to accounts funded by the federal government, or indirectly through the University's facility and administrative cost rate. Wherever necessary, the Business Expenses Policy of the University identifies those costs that are unallowable under federal guidelines and provides guidance on how to record and report them (see Appendix 1 section below for a list of common federal unallowable costs).
All schools, departments, or units of the University are required to be diligent in identifying costs that are deemed unallowable by the federal government.
Segregation of Federal Unallowable Expenses
A federal unallowable cost may be permissible under University guidelines. Flowers and alcoholic beverages are examples of costs that are "unallowable" for federal purposes. However, when deemed appropriate and legitimate under University guidelines, the University may permit such expenses.
Federal regulations require that all federal unallowable costs be segregated in the University's general ledger so that they can be excluded from the Universit's indirect cost submissions. To ensure that an unallowable cost is not inadvertently charged directly or indirectly to federal funds, unallowable costs must be identified, segregated, and charged to appropriate NYU accounts.
Note: It is because of this federal rule on "unallowable costs" that certain requirements in this policy and in the Expense Reimbursement Policy of the University are very specific. To ensure University compliance, all expenses submitted to the University for payment or reimbursement must be (1) justified to establish their business purpose, and (2) sufficiently substantiated by such documents as detailed original receipts to identify the nature of each expense. See the Expense Reimbursement Policy for details on the University's documentation requirements and for examples of documentation deemed appropriate for specific business expenses.
NYU Nonpermissible Expenses
Any expense that does not support the missions of the University and does not reflect proper stewardship is considered by the University as nonpermissible regardless of the source of funds.
When the nonpermissible expenses listed below are submitted to the University for reimbursement or payment, they will be rejected, unless they are justified in a memo as necessary in carrying out a University task or function. The memo should provide a clear explanation of why such an expense should be deemed a business expense, and should be submitted to the "Approver" (the individual responsible for funds being charged) for review and approval. Accounts Payable will not process any payment or reimbursement of nonpermissible expenses unless the memo is attached.
Personal Expenses
Personal expenses refer to those expenses that are not related to any activity of the University, are notrequired in carrying out an individual's task or responsibility at work, or do not benefit the University. Personal expenses include, but are not limited to, the following:
- Automobile repairs
- Child care
- Credit card annual fees
- Delinquency fees or finance charges on NYU Travel Card or personal credit cards
- Dues in private clubs
- Frequent flyer and other similar awards for hotel and car rentals
- Grooming services (haircuts and shoe shines)
- Gym and recreational fees, including massages and saunas
- In-room movies
- Medical care
- Pet care
- Telephone charges in excess of what is deemed reasonable for calls to home when on business travel (see "Expenses Related to Business Travel" section below)
- Traffic violation penalties
- Upgrades (air, hotel, car, etc.) when traveling on University business
Expenses of Non-employees
University funds cannot be used for expenses of individuals who are not employees of the University, are not affiliated with the University, and whose activities do not advance University missions. Examples include, but are not limited to, the following:
travel expenses of a spouse accompanying a University employee on business travel (unless the travel
itself of the spouse is deemed a legitimate NYU business expense and meets University guidelines)
Note: University funds may be used for expenses related to spousal travel only when circumstances show that the attendance of a spouse was necessary in carrying out a University task or function, or supports University business. Travel must be approved before departure. A memo justifying the travel itself must be provided to the appropriate "Approver" (the individual responsible for funds being charged) and attached to the request for payment or reimbursement submitted to the University. See "Non-Employee Travel" section below for more information.
- expenses of students and other individuals affiliated with but not employed by the University
Note: Expenses incurred by students are paid or reimbursed by the University only when (1) the students are also NYU employees and the expenses are related to their employment, or (2) the expenses are related to a specific program and are approved by the department. Expenses by other individuals not employed by the University must meet applicable requirements in order to be paid using University funds. See appropriate sections under "NYU Permissible Expenses" sections below (e.g., Non-Employee Travel; Gifts, Prizes, Awards to Non-Employees; etc.).
Other Nonpermissible Expenses
Other expenses for which University funds cannot be used are:
- Expenses that should not be paid using personal funds (e.g., independent contractor fees, stipends, cash gifts, etc.; these types of expenses should be charged directly to the University)
- Expenses that will be reimbursed from another source
- Any fraudulent expense
- Any expense prohibited by law (e.g., University funds cannot be used for payments or donations to political organizations or candidates)
NYU Permissible Expenses
Expenses that support the missions of the University are deemed valid and therefore permissible. The following sections of the document detail those expenses that are generally deemed permissible.
All schools, departments and units of the University must identify who within their area may initiate expenses as well as inform all concerned on any processes, forms, or approval structures that they may require in addition to those defined in this policy.
When any individual has reason to believe that a transaction is not in compliance with the Business Expenses Policy of the University, it is the responsibility of the individual to seek direction from the Department Head or the Controller's Division.
Note: In all cases, the Controller's Division has the responsibility to audit and confirm the permissibility of business expenses.
There are many methods to purchase and pay for business expenses (see Appendix 2 for a general reference table). University employees are advised to use established University methods to incur business expenses. Whenever feasible, a business expense should be paid by the University directly to the vendor through Accounts Payable; procured through a Purchase Order or Small Dollar Order; purchased using the Procurement Card; or, when expenses are related to travel, incurred using the NYU Travel Card or the Business Travel Account (BTA).
Certain expenses may be incurred by University employees in the conduct of University business using personal funds. These expenses may be reimbursed when University and government requirements are met (see the Expense Reimbursement Policy of the University for specific guidance). They may also be excluded from an individual's taxable income if they meet IRS requirements for an "accountable plan."
Expenses Related to Business Travel
The University deems permissible those expenses related to business travel that are reasonable and necessary to conduct University business. Individuals who travel on University business are responsible for verifying availability of funds, permissibility of expenses, and obtaining necessary approval before departure.
Note: This policy applies to all University business travel regardless of the source of funds (whether federal, state, private, or general). However, when travel is charged to federally funded or sponsored projects, the terms of a particular grant or contract should be consulted before incurring any expense to ensure compliance to specific or additional requirements. See the "Sponsored Projects" section above.
Air Travel
Travelers are expected to choose the lowest-priced, most feasible airfare available considering the following:
- travelers' preferred airport;
- travelers' preferred times of departure and arrival;
- travelers' itinerary and connection times; and,
- restrictions and/or cancellation/change fees.
First-class and business-class airfares are deemed unallowable under federal guidelines. Businessclass airfare is permissible only when travel involves transoceanic flight or continuous flight exceeding six hours.
The University will not reimburse tickets purchased using frequent flyer miles.
Travel by Rail
Rail travel may be used whenever feasible and/or when it is more economical than air travel. Travelers are expected to choose the lowest, most reasonable fare available.
Ground Transportation
Travelers will be reimbursed for ordinary and reasonably priced ground transportation to and from airports or railroad stations when such service is not included in air or rail fares, and for regularly available transportation between the traveler's hotel and other points of business.
Ordinary taxi rides in and around New York metropolitan area that are taken while on University business are permissible.
Car services may be used if approved by the school, department, or unit. Most local firms accept the NYU Travel Card.
Personal Vehicles
Employees may use personal vehicles for business travel when doing so is less expensive than renting a car or taking a taxi. Valid expenses related to the use of personal vehicles for business travel are reimbursed based on the federal government's standard mileage rate, which covers the use of the vehicle and gasoline. A new rate is issued each January by the IRS; for current rate, see the Controller's Division Website.
Costs of repairs to personal vehicles during business travel are deemed personal expenses; University funds cannot be used for such expenses.
Before using personal vehicles for business travel, check the requirements of your school, department, or unit. Prior approval, in some cases, may be necessary. The owners of those vehicles used for University business are responsible for ensuring adequate insurance coverage for their protection and for the protection of any passengers. Their personal auto insurance carrier is deemed the primary insurance carrier. NYU does not protect the driver or the owner against loss resulting from bodily injury or damage to property. Contact the Insurance Department of the University for specific guidance.
Frequent use of personal vehicles for University business is discouraged.
Rental Cars
Costs related to rental cars are deemed valid business expenses when renting a car is less expensive or more feasible than other transportation options available. Reimbursable costs include daily rental fee, mileage fee, tolls, and authorized insurance charges. Non-reimbursable costs include but are not limited to vehicle repairs, parking tickets, and fines for traffic violations.
Travelers are urged to choose standard, compact-sized cars, and to use the rental car agency that has insurance coverage agreement with NYU and offers negotiated rates.
To minimize risk and liability to yourself and to the University, you are advised to determine and understand the insurance provisions and requirements of the University before renting a car for business travel, as well as to determine from the rental car agency what your insurance coverage and liability responsibilities are. See Table 1 in the "Insurance" section for types of insurance related to rental cars.
Note: Employees who rent a car are covered for loss and damage to the vehicle and liability insurance only when the car is rented for University business from an agency that has insurance coverage agreement with the University. Travelers are advised to check the Purchasing Services Website for suggested car rental agencies and for current information on applicable insurance coverage and rates related to rental cars.
Departments who authorize students to rent a car for University business should first check with the Insurance Department for specific insurance requirements. Students are not covered under the University's insurance program.
For other related information, see "Insurance" section below.
Individuals who travel on University business are reimbursed for meal expenses they incur. The University reimburses meal expenses in two ways: according to actual, substantiated costs, or at established "per diem" rate. Travelers cannot switch between these two methods in one trip; the method travelers choose applies to all meal expenses incurred throughout the trip.
When opting to be reimbursed based on actual costs of each meal, travelers are required to provide detailed receipts or other appropriate documentation for all meals taken throughout the trip. Documentation is necessary in satisfying requirements of the University's "accountable plan," an expense allowance and reimbursement arrangement governed by IRS regulations (see the Expense Reimbursement Policy for detailed information).
The alternative to keeping receipts and other appropriate documentation for each meal during travel is the "per diem," or being reimbursed at an amount set as meal allowance for each day of travel. The per diem applies only when overnight travel is involved. The per diem rate is $50.
When reporting meal expenses for reimbursement based on the per diem rate, you are required to prorate the meal allowance for the first and last day of your trip. For example, if you left for your trip at 1 p.m., you cannot claim meal allowance for breakfast on that day; or, when you return home from your trip at 3 p.m., you cannot claim meal allowance for dinner on that day.
For foreign per diem rates applicable to federally sponsored projects, refer to http://www.state.gov/travel
Gratuities for meals are deemed part of the meal cost and will be reimbursed by the University provided these are reasonable (that is, do not exceed 20% of total meal cost).
Note: The University permits the use of University funds for employees' meal expenses only when overnight business travel is involved, or when employees are away from their normal work location for an entire day on University business (e.g., all-day conference or meeting "off-campus").
The University's general guideline is that total expenses for lodging and meals should not exceed $350 per day. Exceptions will be granted if the expense is necessary, documented, and approved by the appropriate school/department representative.
Individuals who travel on University business are expected to stay in a standard room at a hotel that is on or close to the location of business. Costs that are charged to the hotel room are deemed valid and reimbursable if they are related or necessary to University business and are reasonable (e.g., business telephone calls, calls to home, meals, laundry if travel exceeds five business days, etc.). The final hotel folio, which reflects all charges made to the room, is required for reimbursement.
The University's general guideline is that total expenses for lodging and meals should not exceed $350 per day.
Exceptions will be granted if the expense is necessary, documented, and approved by the appropriate school/department representative.
Telephone, Fax, Internet Usage
Costs related to telephone calls, internet activities, and faxes that are made in connection with the conduct of University business are deemed permissible. Necessary for reimbursement is an original phone bill or the final hotel folio that itemizes costs and identifies the organization/party contacted, or receipts that include a notation specifying the party contacted or the event/project to which the costs relate.
Personal calls to home while on business travel are deemed valid reimbursable expenses, so long as they are reasonable.
Cash Advances
The University allows a maximum of $500 on a seven-day period to be issued as a cash advance to any University employee about to travel on University business. The amount may be issued in check through Accounts Payable, or withdrawn from any participating Automated Teller Machine (ATM) using the NYU Travel Card. You will be assessed a fee on your withdrawal; this fee is reimbursed as part of your business expenses.
Cash advances are intended for anticipated expenses that are best paid in cash, and for which the NYU Travel Card may not be feasible (e.g., taxi fare, gratuities, etc.).
Cash advances should not be used for airfare, lodging, conference fees, or other substantial costs that can be paid using the NYU Travel Card, or can be "prepaid" and invoiced though Accounts Payable. Because of tax implications, cash advances should also not be used for service payments such as honorariums, or for such expenses as gifts, prizes, or awards.
Cash advances should be cleared within 30 days from the "end date" of the trip or event specified on the cash advance request form (ADV3000).
Abuse of cash advance privileges may result in revocation of such privileges in the future.
The University's insurance program provides accidental death and dismemberment insurance to all permanent, regular employees who travel on University business (refer to NYU Benefits package for more information, or visit the Human Resources Department Website. Insurance coverage related to business travel include the following:
- Air and rail transportation charged to the NYU Travel Card or the University's Business Travel
Account (BTA) is automatically covered by $350,000 business travel insurance. The University
therefore urges travelers to use BTA or their NYU Travel Card as much as possible. Travelers are
also advised to refrain from using their NYU Travel Card to pay for air and rail transportation charges
of other employees; the insurance coverage applies only to cardholders.
- Tickets purchased using the NYU Travel Card or BTA come with lost baggage insurance of up to $1,750.
- Employees who rent a car for business use are covered for loss and damage to the vehicle and liability insurance only when the car is rented from the rental car agency that has an insurance coverage agreement with the University. See Table 1 below for types of car rental insurance and their description.
Table 1: Types of Car Rental Insurance
Type of Insurance
Loss Damage Waiver (LDW)/Collision Damage Waiver (CDW)
Protects from liability for damage to the car caused by collision or rollover.
Note: This insurance coverage is essential; you are advised to purchase it if you are using a credit card that does not provide this kind of insurance, or a rental car agency that does not have an insurance agreement with the University. You will be reimbursed for the cost.
This insurance is automatic when you rent a car from the agency that has an insurance coverage agreement with the University (refer to the Purchasing Services Web site for the suggested rental car agency). This coverage applies only when you rent a car for business use. A valid NYU ID is required at time of rental. You will not be reimbursed for additional loss and damage insurance coverage you purchase when you rent a car with the agency that has an agreement with the University.
Liability Insurance Supplement (LIS)/Additional Liability Insurance (ALI)
Protects you and the University from liability for damage claims by a third party. This kind of insurance should come with the rental vehicle. If it does not, purchase only the basic liability coverage. NYU will reimburse you only for the basic liability coverage charges.
Personal Accidental Insurance (PAI)
Coverage in case of accidental death or dismemberment. You do not need to purchase this coverage as NYU employees are already covered with accident insurance up to a maximum of $1,000,000. You will not be reimbursed for PAI coverage you purchase.
Personal Effects Coverage (PEC)/ Personal Effects Insurance (PEI)
Coverage for loss or damage to personal belongings. This coverage is not reimbursable. You may purchase it using personal funds.
When renting a car in a foreign country, all employees are advised to purchase all available insurance offered by the rental car agency.
When travel involves a group or students of the University (using charter bus for instance) check with the Insurance Department before making arrangements. Group travel insurance (related to charter bus, charter cruise, space rental) requires review and approval of the University's Insurance Department.
Only NYU employees are covered under the University's insurance program. Individuals listed as drivers on the rental car agreement who are not employees (e.g., employee's spouse or companion) are not covered under the program. For specific guidance on other insurance issues, contact the Insurance Department.
Group Travel
The University deems travel that involves 15 or more persons as "group travel." In order to ensure adequate insurance coverage, each member of the group is advised to use his/her individual NYU Travel Card to purchase tickets or to use the University's Business Travel Account (BTA). Student Scholar Groups are subject to purchasing policies (See Purchasing Policies and Procedures Manual for bidding requirements, etc.). Group travel insurance (related to charter bus, charter cruise, space rental) requires review and approval of the University's Insurance Department.
Foreign Travel
All foreign travel must be approved by the individual responsible for the funds being charged. Expenses incurred on foreign travel must be reported in U.S. dollars. Reimbursement will be at the applicable rate as reported by the Wall Street Journal on the date the expense was incurred. Conversion fees will also be reimbursed (attach conversion slip when reporting expenses).
Foreign travel that is paid by a government grant or contract usually requires the use of U.S. airlines, unless the destination point is not served by a U.S. airline.
Contact the Insurance Department prior to foreign travel for insurance requirements that may apply.
Sponsored Research Travel
All travel charged to sponsored projects must be approved by the Principal Investigator or the individual responsible for the management of "restricted" funds. Before making travel arrangements, make sure that travel is allowed under the terms of an agreement or contract. In some cases, the sponsor's written approval may be required prior to any trip.
Foreign travel that is paid by a government grant or contract usually requires the use of U.S. airlines, unless the destination point is not served by a U.S. airline.
Extended Travel
Domestic or foreign travel that extends up to one year (e.g., a six-month teaching assignment abroad, a yearlong stay as resident representative of the University in another state or country, etc.) is deemed permissible when the business purpose of the travel is substantiated and travel itself is authorized by an appropriate University designee. Extended travel of up to one year is considered as a "temporary assignment" and is subject to the same rules as regular business travel. Expenses related to extended travel must be supported by original receipts and other appropriate documentation.
When travel extends over one year, travel is no longer considered as a temporary assignment. Relocation and moving expenses of University employees who assume functions for the University in a place other than their regular place of work are subject to specific requirements. For more information, see the "Expenses Related to Employment: Relocation/Moving Expenses" section below.
Cancellations, Unused/Voided Tickets
Tickets that have been purchased using personal funds for future trips that are subsequently cancelled may be reimbursed, provided the reason for cancellation is beyond the individual's control. Unused tickets have a cash value and must not be discarded or destroyed. Contact the airline about future use of such tickets.
See the Expense Reimbursement Policy on how to be reimbursed for tickets paid using personal funds for travel that is cancelled. The University will reimburse cancellation fees, when cancellation is due to circumstances beyond travelers' control. Cancellation fees incurred due to travelers' negligence are not deemed valid business expense and therefore not reimbursable.
Miscellaneous Expenses Incurred While on Business Travel
Other expenses that are incurred while on business travel will be deemed permissible so long as they are necessary and reasonable. Such expenses include, but are not limited to, the following:
- overnight delivery postage for business documents;
- laundry/dry cleaning when travel exceeds five business days;
- visa, passport/Consulate fees (for foreign travel); and,
- business supplies, such as presentation materials, that were not anticipated.
Non-Employee Travel
Student Travel
Travel expenses of NYU students are deemed valid business expenses only in cases listed below:
Case 1: When the students are also NYU employees and travel is related to their employment.
Case 2: When travel itself and the expenses incurred are related to a specific program or department function and are approved by the department (e.g., travel to attend a conference or to visit a field site or laboratory facility).
Case 3: When travel directly supports a faculty member's project or research program, or is an
integral part of the student's degree work.
Reimbursement for expenses incurred by students on approved travel are not reportable as income to the student, provided detailed
Lecturers and Official Guests
The travel expenses of non-employees such as lecturers, official guests and the spouses of official guests are permissible only when the travel serves a legitimate business purpose and is approved in advance by the school, department, or unit responsible for the expense. The travel expenses of foreign visitors may also be paid with University funds provided the visit is related to University business and the visitor enters the United States on an appropriate visa. When submitted to the University for payment or reimbursement, these expenses should be appropriately documented. The "Approver" responsible for the funds charged should attach a memo to a payment or reimbursement request explaining why such expenses should be paid with University funds. Unless specifically cited as allowed, these types of expenses cannot be charged to a federal grant or contract.
The travel expenses of volunteers are permissible when the travel serves a legitimate business purpose and is approved in advance by the school, department or unit responsible for the expenses.
Volunteers are individuals who are not on University payroll but who perform duties or functions for the University on a voluntary basis (e.g., alumni who volunteer to assist in University events). Travel expenses of volunteers must satisfy University and federal requirements on permissibility and allowability as detailed in this document. Necessary for payment or reimbursement are:
- a memo from the school, department or unit establishing the business purpose of the travel itself and confirming the involvement of the volunteer employee as necessary or relevant to University missions (Accounts Payable will not process payment or reimbursement unless the memo is attached); and,
- documentation of expenses reported (see the Expense Reimbursement Policy for guidance on what are deemed appropriate documentation for specific expenses).
When the volunteer happens to be a spouse of a University employee and who accompanies this employee on business travel, there are additional IRS and federal requirements that must be met. Travel expenses of spouses who accompany University employees on business travel may be deemed personal expenses and thus deemed nonpermissible and unallowable under University and federal guidelines (see "Nonpermissible Expenses" section above and the Appendix 1: OMB Circular A-21, Section J-19) below.
The University, however, will permit and reimburse expenses related to spousal travel when the spouse fits the definition of a volunteer employee and travel serves a legitimate business purpose, is appropriately substantiated, and is approved in advance by the school, department or unit responsible for the expenses. When expenses related to spousal travel are submitted to the University for payment or reimbursement, a memo establishing all points below must be provided:
- that the spouse served or will serve as a volunteer whose duties or functions are necessary and essential, not just beneficial, to University business; and,
- that the attendance of the spouse is not primarily for vacation purposes (If socializing is part of
the spouse's services, the expenses may be deductible if substantive business-related functions
were performed while traveling).
Note: Accounts Payable will not process requests for payment or reimbursement unless the memo is attached.
Due to federal rule on unallowable costs, every expense related to spousal travel must be identified and segregated. Itemized receipts are necessary to establish the type of expenses incurred. Also, due to IRS regulations on expense reimbursement, detailed records such as an expense log should be kept on the spouse's expenses as well as detailed vendor-generated receipts. When expenses of both travelers are reported on a single form, those of the spouse must be identified and segregated from those of the NYU employee. For more detailed instructions, see the Expense Reimbursement Policy of the University.
Meals and Other Expenses Related to Business Meetings and Events
Meals (that are not related to travel) and other costs that are related to business meetings and University events may be paid using University funds when they advance University missions.
Meals at Business Meetings
A business meal is defined as a meal taken with University faculty, staff, or students which may or may not include others from outside the University at which a substantial and bona fide business discussion takes place. The University requires the following for reimbursement:
- Substantiation of the meal itself as having a business purpose, which involves providing the reason for the meal itself, the names of individuals or group of individuals present, and the affiliations of those present.
- adequate documentation, which identifies specific costs and shows that no alcoholic beverages are
included, or when included, shows that alcoholic beverages have been segregated and charged to an
appropriate NYU account.
Note: The federal government deems alcoholic beverages as unallowable (see Appendix 1: OMB Circular A-21 summary). When reporting expenses related to business meetings or events, make sure that every expense is identified and that receipts include a notation that either a) alcoholic beverages are not part of the expenses, or b) alcoholic beverages are included and have been segregated.
See the Expense Reimbursement Policy of the University for more information on reimbursement of business meals.
University funds cannot be used to pay for meals for which there is no clearly documented business purpose.
Meetings, Events, and other Business Activities
Costs related to meetings, events, and activities that advance University missions are permissible. Such activities include informational or training sessions provided by one administrative unit to representatives of a school or another administrative unit, or meals for employees attending a meeting onsite that extends over meal periods.
Costs related to activities involving official guests of the University are permissible so long as they are reasonable and have prior approval of the person responsible for the funds charged. All costs must be justified and properly substantiated in order to be deemed valid for payment or reimbursement. See the Expense Reimbursement Policy of the University for specific guidance on documents required by both the University and government.
Conference, Seminars, and Professional Development
University funds may be used for costs related to conferences, seminars and other professional development activities that University employees attend. These costs should be approved by the school or department before being incurred.
Goods and Services (General)
The Purchasing Services and Contract Administration Department of the University has been given the responsibility by the Trustees of New York University to purchase goods and services on behalf of the University, which includes the selection of vendor, negotiation of price, and assurance of quality and delivery. Purchasing Services functions as an agent of the University and is responsible for advising schools, departments, and units on availability and value of goods and services in the marketplace.
NYU Purchasing Services is required by federal regulations to maintain a formal procurement system. Its purchasing files are subject to audit by federal agencies and must include proper documentation (i.e., purchase orders, contract negotiations, bid awards, sole source justifications, etc.).
Any goods and/or services purchased with University funds or University-managed funds (i.e., Sponsored Research Accounts), unless identified as outside of Purchasing Services purview, are bound by conditions and requirements detailed in the Purchasing Policies and Procedures Manual.
Goods purchased and charged to sponsored projects, regardless of the amount, are subject to the terms and conditions of a particular grant or contract. These terms should be referred to for guidance on what expenses are allowed. Projects that are funded by the federal government are subject to the rules and requirements detailed in the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-21 (see Appendix 1 section below for summary). All schools other than the School of Medicine should contact Research and Restricted Accounting Services (RRAS) in the Controller's Division or the Office of Sponsored Programs for questions related to a specific grant or contract. For questions related to sponsored projects at the School of Medicine, contact the Office of Grants Administration and Research Services or the Finance Sponsored Programs in the Controller's Office.
Goods and Services Not Subject to Purchasing Policies
In general, goods and services listed in categories below are not within the purview of Purchasing Services.These expenses may be incurred without Purchasing Services review and approval:
A. Goods and services managed by a specific University designee:
- the purchase, sale or lease of real estate (which is handled by NYU's Office of Real Estate);
- the design, construction, or alteration of plant (which, at the School of Medicine, is handled by its Office of Real Estate and Strategic Capital Initiatives (RESCI) and, for all other schools, is handled by NYU's Planning and Construction Department);
- the procurement of books and periodicals for University libraries (which is handled by the University Libraries)
B. Items that do not require a Purchase Order, such as the following:
- Goods or services below a specific value obtained through the following methods:
- goods or services totaling $2,500 or less that are obtained using the Procurement Card;
- goods or services totaling $1,000 or less that are obtained using the Low Dollar Order System or paid/reimbursed through Accounts Payable;
- minor, incidental expenditures that may be paid or reimbursed through a department's imprest petty cash fund (see "Goods of Minimal Value" section below).
- Goods and services in specific categories, regardless of value:
- advertisements*
- advisory fees
- annuity payments
- books and periodicals
- cable and television bills
- car services*
- catering*
- commission fees
- conference/registration fees
- conference space*
- courier services
- events tickets when purchased for program related activities
- insurance payments (comprehensive, general liability, malpractice)
- legal fees
- mailing lists
- mass transit tickets to be used for local business travel by the school or department
- medical billing companies*
- membership fees
- permits
- refunds (Sponsored Research grants, classes or seminars not paid through the Office of the Bursar, patient refunds)
- reprints
- subscriptions (renewals, magazines, newspapers, etc.)
- temporary service agencies
- test materials (standardized testing)
- utility bills
* These do not require a Purchase Order when no contract is required; a Blanket Order may be established when ordered on a repetitive basis.
- 2. Professional or consulting services provided by companies or individuals involving fees less than $50,000. When fees involved are over $50,000, Purchasing Services requires a Purchase Requisition. The Purchase Requisition is not required only when the service provider has signed a University Consulting Agreement, (see Purchasing Services website at www.nyu.edu/purchasing.services) or a distinct signed agreement that has been approved by the University's legal counsel. Appropriate school or departmental approval is always required.
Note: Professional or consulting services provided by individuals are subject to specific federal rules and requirements. To ensure consistent compliance and provide guidance to those involved in the procurement and payment of these services, the University has established the Independent Contractors and Consultants Policy. For more information, see Independent Contractors and Consultants section below.
Goods of Minimal Value (Imprest Petty Cash Fund Transactions)
Certain goods of minimal value may be incurred by employees outside of the regular purchasing cycle or system. To pay or reimburse those who incur valid incidental expenditures of minor value, the University authorizes schools, departments, and units to establish and operate imprest petty cash funds. For specific guidance on the establishment, use, and management of the fund, see the Petty Cash Fund (Imprest) Policy of the University.
Expenses that may be reimbursed from the imprest petty cash fund include, but are not limited to, the following:
- Miscellaneous office supplies with a total value of $150 or less per order, provided the items are not obtainable through any of the University's regular procurement methods
- Refreshments or meals in connection with business meetings or events
- Local travel expenses under $150 (e.g., taxi fare, parking fees, tolls, business mileage
when personal vehicle is used) that are not part of an aggregate travel expenses
Note: Per diem allowances are not reimbursed through the imprest petty cash fund.
- Freight charges or postage due on incoming shipments
- Meal allowance (normally provided when an "exempt" employee is required to work two or more hours over regular time. The rate at time of publication is $10; see the HR policies online for more information.)
- Postage (only in extraordinary or special situations, and if the University's Mail Service is not able to accommodate requirements)
- Telephone calls made outside of University premises for business purposes
Expenses that may not be reimbursed from the petty cash fund include, but are not limited to:
- Expenses that do not comply with the Business Expenses Policy and Expense Reimbursement Policy of the University (e.g., personal expenses, any fraudulent and illegal expense, expenses that will be reimbursed from another source)
- Purchases in excess of $150 per order (reimbursements for such purchases should be processed through Accounts Payable)
- Travel expenses over $150 (reimbursement should be processed through Accounts Payable)
- Expenses related to travel for which a cash advance was previously requested, and
issued, by submitting a Cash Advance Request Form (ADV3000) to Accounts Payable
(reimbursement should be processed through Accounts Payable in order for this cash
advance to be cleared)
Note: The Petty Cash Fund may not be used to cash checks of any kind or to grant salary advances to University employees.
Professional and Other Services
Independent Contractors and Consultants
The University allows schools, departments, or units to engage the services of independent contractors or consultants when the needed skills or expertise are not readily available within the University.
The classification and reporting of payments to individuals who provide services to the University as independent contractors and consultants are subject to specific federal regulations. The tax and other requirements appropriate to their designation differ from those applied to individuals classified as employees. Incorrect classification of a service provider as an independent contractor may subject the University to significant tax penalties and other risks.
Therefore, those intending to engage the services of independent contractors and consultants are required to follow the status determination, procurement, and payment procedures established in the Independent Contractors and Consultants Policy of the University before services are performed.
University funds may be used for an amount or item presented as a gesture of goodwill or in appreciation of efforts and time given by individuals to the University, such as a guest lecturer or a speaker from outside the University. The University requires that such expenses be reasonable and made under conditions or circumstances that do not create a significant likelihood for the gesture to be deemed as "disguised" payment.
Honorariums are considered taxable income to the individual receiving the benefit.
Study Subject Fees/Cash Incentive Payments
Cash incentive payments are usually issued in appreciation and to encourage the participation of individuals in research projects (as human subjects), when such participation agrees with conditions of sponsoring agencies and the Institutional Review Board (IRB). These payments, to be deemed valid, must be made in accordance with the terms and conditions of sponsor agencies.
For specific guidance on cash incentive payments related to sponsored projects at the School of Medicine, contact the Office of Grants Administration and Research Services or the Finance Sponsored Programs in the Controller's Office. For all other schools, contact Research and Restricted Accounting Services (RRAS) in the Controller's Division or the Office of Sponsored Programs.
Expenses Related to Improvement of Working Conditions and Relations
University funds may be used for expenses related to the improvement of working conditions and employee relations (e.g., gifts and awards). While these expenses may be permissible by NYU, they are not however allowable under federal guidelines. Therefore, these expenses must not be charged to sponsored projects or restricted funds, should be identified on the payment form using an appropriate code or account, and segregated in the University's accounting system.
Expenses in this section should be reviewed on a case-by-case basis, approved by an appropriate University designee (Department Head or Dean), justified through a memo, and supported by appropriate documentation. Because they primarily benefit individual University employees and students, these expenses may be deemed taxable income to the individual receiving the benefit unless the expense has a bona fide business purpose and is sufficiently documented.
For documentation to be deemed sufficient, it should establish the amount, time, and place of purchase as well as the business purpose of each expenditure. For gifts, the business relationship of the University with the recipient must also be established.
All documentation should be collected and maintained as support for the exclusion of fringe benefits in W-2 income. If the record keeping requirement is not satisfied, the employee will be taxed on the entire benefit received. (See the Expense Reimbursement Policy of the University for more information on documentation requirements.)
Gifts, Prizes, Awards to Employees
The University recognizes the contribution of employees to the furtherance of University missions and may on occasion confer gifts, prizes or awards as tokens of appreciation. The federal government deems these expenses as "unallowable costs" (see Appendix 1, Section J-14 below). However, wherever deemed appropriate and so long as reasonable, justified, and substantiated, these expenses may be deemed permissible under NYU guidelines. Specific requirements apply for gifts, prizes, and awards to be deemed excludable from the recipient's taxable income.
Gifts: Cash gifts (including gift certificates) are considered taxable income and are subject to withholding tax, unless the gift is less than $25. Non-cash gifts or gifts of property are exempt from tax if the value is minor; the value of a non-cash gift is deemed minor when it does not exceed $400.
Length of Service Award: To be considered a "length of service award" and excluded from taxable income, all the conditions below must apply:
- The award is administered under a University-wide program and every University employee is presented with the award at least five years apart.
- The employee presented with the award has been employed by the University no less than five years.
- The value of any non-cash gift presented in recognition of an employee's length of service must not exceed $1600. When the value of the gift exceeds $1600, the amount in excess of $1600 will be reported as income to the individual. The University is required to include the taxable amount in the employee's W2 and to deduct withholding taxes on his/her paycheck.
For government rules on items listed above, see Section 74 of the Internal Revenue Code: Prizes and Awards.
Note: Under no circumstances will individuals be reimbursed for cash gifts (cash or personal checks) given to another employee or student. All cash gifts, regardless of the amount, must be issued as University Accounts Payable checks or processed through Payroll to ensure correct documentation and tax reporting.
Flowers, Fruit Baskets, Donations, etc.
University funds may be used for flowers, fruit baskets, and small donations when these expenses are incurred under reasonable and appropriate circumstances (such as when an employee or a student is hospitalized, when an employee retires, or when an immediate family member of an employee is ill or dies).
Note: Any cash donation given to an employee must follow the guidelines provided above on gifts, prizes, and awards.
Office Parties and Events
University funds may be used for expenses related to office parties and events that are intended to foster better relations among employees and improve working conditions. It is necessary however to itemize the expenses (to document expenses that may not be allowable under federal guidelines), provide adequate documentation (original receipt), explain the specific purpose of the event, and provide a list of individuals (or groups of individuals) involved.
Institutional Development
The federal government deems the following costs unallowable: public relations and advertising (except advertising necessary to recruit employees), alumni and fund raising activities, investment management, donations and contributions. University funds may however be used for these costs when they benefit the University and are approved by an appropriate University designee. These costs must not be charged to sponsored projects.
University funds must not be used for payments, donations, or contributions to political organizations or candidates.
Lobbying activities intended to advance University missions are in general deemed unallowable under federal guidelines but may be deemed permissible by the University. Expenses for such activities are subject to review and approval of appropriate University designees. Contact the Office of University Relations and Public Affairs for more information.
Expenses Related to Employment
Expenses related to employment are subject to the Human Resources policies of the University. Consult the University's HR Department before incurring employment-related expenses, including those listed below.
Expenses related to recruitment of prospective employees may be deemed valid business expenses only when appropriate, necessary, reasonable, and authorized. Reimbursements for such expenses must comply with the University's guidelines in order to be excluded from a payee's reportable income. See the Expense Reimbursement Policy of the University for more information.
Expenses related to the relocation of employees are deemed business expenses only when appropriate, reasonable, authorized by an appropriate University designee, and when they meet conditions established below by the IRS:
- Distance: The new place of work must be at least 50 miles farther from the former home than the former place of work was from the former home.
- Length of Employment: The new employee must be a full-time employee at the new place of work during the 12-month period immediately following the relocation.
- Commencement: In general, the move must be in connection with the commencement of work at the new location and the moving expenses must be incurred within one year from the time the taxpayer first reports to the new job or business.
- Taxable relocation expenses
Relocation expenses that may be deemed in certain cases as permissible by the University are deemed taxable income to the employee under IRS guidelines. Regardless of whether they are paid directly by the University to the vendor or are issued as reimbursement to the employee, the University is required by law to include payments for these expenses as income in the employee's W2 Form and to deduct appropriate withholding taxes on this income from the employee's paycheck. These expenses include, but are not limited to, the following:
- personal expenses
- pre-move house hunting, including travel, meals and lodging
- any part of the purchase of a new home or sale of the old home, including real estate fees incurred when leaving former residence and acquiring new one
- expenses related to getting or breaking a lease
- loss on the sale of the old home
- mortgage penalties
- losses from cancellations of club memberships
- meals and lodging while occupying temporary quarters
- in-transit storage charges beyond 30 days
- Non-taxable relocation expenses
Expenses that are deemed non-taxable refer to expenses incurred to move household goods and personal effects from a former residence to the new residence, as well as those related to the new employee's travel from the former residence to the new. Such expenses include:
- packing of furniture and personal items;
- transportation of furniture and personal belongings from the previous principal place of residence to the new principal place of residence;
- insurance and in-transit storage for periods of up to 30 consecutive days;
- travel and lodging costs, excluding meal costs, associated with one trip to move from old to new residence.
Non-taxable relocation expenses, however, may either be reportable or non-reportable to the government:
2.a) Non-taxable and non-reportable
Non-taxable relocation expenses are not reported in the employee's W-2 only when they are paid directly by the University to the moving company or vendor.
2.b) Non-taxable but reportable
When the non-taxable relocation expenses however are issued as reimbursement to the employee, the reimbursement is deemed reportable. The University is required under Section 132 of the Internal Revenue Code to report the reimbursement in Box 12 of the employee's W2. The amount reported in Box 12 is not deemed income; it has no impact on the tax treatment of an individuals' gross income. Box 12 serves only to inform the IRS of any reimbursement the University issues to individuals according to requirements specific to certain types of expenses.
Wherever possible, therefore, a Purchase Order should be processed to arrange for direct payment from the University to a moving company or vendor for qualified moving expenses.
Miscellaneous Expenses
Expenses that are not incurred in a regular manner (or deemed necessary to day-to-day operations of the University) but are incurred in the furtherance of University missions may be deemed permissible. However, these expenses (examples listed below) should be reasonable, justified, properly substantiated, and authorized before being incurred.
Payments or reimbursements for some expenses in this section may be considered taxable income to the individual receiving the benefit. Consult Tax Services at the Controller's Division for specific requirements before incurring the expense.
Gifts, Prizes, Awards to Non-Employees
University funds may be used for costs related to gifts, prizes, and awards presented to individuals who are not University employees, provided they serve the mission of the University and are authorized. Such costs must not be charged directly or indirectly to a federally sponsored account.
Membership in Professional Organizations, Professional Dues/Fees, Subscriptions
Membership or professional dues or fees are deemed business expenses only when membership is primarily for University purposes or representation of the University in the organization or association. Subscriptions are also deemed business expenses when they are for publications related to the functions of individuals in the University. Payment or reimbursements for some expenses of this kind may be deemed taxable income to the individual receiving the benefit.
All membership dues or fees must be charged to a federal unallowable account.
Home Office Costs
University funds may be used for costs incurred by certain individuals who need, or are authorized, to work from home occasionally. These costs however must be necessary to meet official job duties, and should be approved before being incurred. Justification and appropriate substantiation are necessary for expenses related to home office functions to be paid from University funds.
Documentation Requirements
University Policy on Substantiation of Business Expenses
Any expense that is paid using University funds must be justified as well as properly documented and substantiated. All individuals involved in initiating, processing, paying, recording or reporting of business expenses must know and understand the substantiation requirements of both the government and the University. Wherever appropriate, the documentation and substantiation requirements for specific business expenses are provided in this document. For guidance on specific documentation you need to provide when you present business expenses for reimbursement, see the Expense Reimbursement Policy of the University.
Record Retention
University and Federal Requirements
New York University requires that official financial records be retained for specific periods of time and has designated certain units in the University with specific responsibilities for the preservation, retrieval, use and disposition of these records.
Financial records produced or received by any unit or employee of New York University in the conduct of University business are official records that support and protect the fiscal integrity of the institution. All schools, departments, or units are responsible for maintaining any relevant documentation or approvals not forwarded to central University offices. For specific guidance, see the Records Retention Policy of the University.
Tax Issues
Certain transactions are not allowed under tax law. Others are subject to tax reporting, tax withholding, or both. Still others are subject to a variety of miscellaneous taxes. Those taxes that apply to specific business expenses have been identified wherever possible throughout this document. Below is a summary of those taxes with some general guidelines. For guidance on other or specific tax issues, contact Tax Services at the Controller's Division. Also refer to the Controller's Division Website for detailed information on tax issues and for forms necessary to specific tax reporting requirements.
- Payments to foreign nationals authorized to perform services in the United States are subject to specific tax rules and regulations. See the Controller's Division Website for detailed information.
- Many business expenses are subject to tax reporting. Therefore, vouchers must include information on an individual's citizenship, legal name, permanent mailing address, and in most instances a United States federal identification number, so that the University can meet tax-reporting requirements.
- Some business expenses must be treated as wages, subject to W-2 reporting and/or payroll tax withholding (e.g., cash awards to employees, most gift certificates, and certain moving expenses).
- Business expenses may be subject to miscellaneous taxes such as sales tax, excise tax, value added tax, gross receipts tax, etc. New York University is exempt from sales tax in certain states. A tax exemption certificate is available from Purchasing Services or Accounts Payable at the Controller's Division, and should be used wherever possible when purchasing items using University funds.
The responsibilities of individuals and offices involved in transactions that concern University funds include, but are not limited to, the following:
Individuals initiating a transaction on behalf of the University is responsible for assessing whether an expense supports University missions and may be paid or reimbursed using University funds. He/She must ensure that a business expense is:
- a permissible NYU business expense;
- within budgetary constraints;
- ordinary and reasonable;
- in compliance with the purchasing and other applicable policies and procedures of the University;
- in compliance with funding designations and/or guidelines;
- appropriately documented;
- approved or authorized
Approvers are expected to be familiar with the types of expenses
incurred in their area and to determine what may be valid, necessary,
and reasonable expenses. Approvers therefore have the primary responsibility for ensuring that an expense:
- is legitimate or necessary in the conduct of University business in the area;
- is allowable under donor guidelines, when applicable;
- is supported by adequate and appropriate documents;
- meets all applicable compliance requirements;
- does not indicate apparent conflict of interest on part of individuals involved in transaction; and
- is charged to the proper account.
Controller's Division
Audit and confirm the allowability/permissibility of business expenses under federal/University guidelines.
Promptly process payments and reimbursements of business expenses.
Provide guidance on University policy on business expenses.
Department Heads
See "Approver."
Office of the Bursar
Audit and confirm the allowability/permissibility of business expenses under federal/University guidelines.
Promptly process payments and reimbursements of business expenses less than $150.
Below is a list of some common federal unallowable costs detailed in OMB Circular A-21(Cost Principles for Educational Institutions). The Circular provides the guidelines for determining costs that the federal government will or will not allow to be charged directly to a federal fund, or charged indirectly to a federal fund through the University's facility and administrative (indirect) cost rate. All members of the NYU community are urged to be diligent in identifying federal unallowable costs. Such costs CANNOT be recovered from the federal government, either as a direct charge to a federally funded account or through the application of an indirect cost rate. Wherever necessary, appropriate, and authorized, these costs may be incurred and charged to appropriate University funds.
Note: This list is not exhaustive; it includes only select categories that are presented in summary form. Under specific conditions, the federal government may allow certain costs that in general may be deemed as unallowable. Wherever possible, these conditions are identified below.
Appendix 1 - OMB Circular A-21 (section J): Examples of Federal Unallowable Costs
Section Number and Title
J-1: Advertising and Public Relations
"Costs of advertising and public relations designed solely to promote the institution are unallowable. Costs of promotional items and memorabilia, including models, gifts, and souvenirs are unallowable."
J-2: Alcoholic Beverages
"Costs of alcoholic beverages are unallowable."
J-3: Alumni Activities
"Costs incurred for, or in support of, alumni activities and similar
services are unallowable."
J-4: Bad Debts
"Any losses, whether actual or estimated, arising from uncollectible
accounts and other claims, related collections costs, and related legal
costs are unallowable."
J-6: Commencement and Convocation Costs
"Costs incurred for commencement and convocations are unallowable."
J-11: Defense and Prosecution of Criminal and Civil Proceedings, Claims, Appeals, and Patent Infringements
"Costs incurred in connection with any criminal, civil or administrative
proceeding (including filing of false certification) commenced by the
Federal Government, or a State, local or foreign government, are unallowable if the proceeding (a) relates to a violation of, or failure to
comply with, a Federal, State, local, or foreign statute or regulation, by the institution (including its agents and employees); and (b) results in:
- A conviction
- A determination of institutional liability
- The imposition of a monetary penalty
- A final decision by an appropriate Federal official to debar or suspend the institution to rescind or void an award
- A disposition by consent or compromise, if the action could have resulted in any of the dispositions described above"
J-13: Donations and Contributions
"Donations or contributions made by the institution, regardless of the recipient, are unallowable."
J-14: Employees Morale, Health, and Welfare Costs and Credits
Unallowable items in this category include, but are not limited to, gifts to
departing employees, flowers, cards, and other such items.
However, those costs incurred in University-wide activities related to NYU's established practice or custom for the improvement of working
conditions, employer-employee relations, employee morale, and employee performance, are allowable.
J-15: Entertainment
"Costs of entertainment, including amusement, diversion, and social
activities and any costs directly associated with such costs (such as
tickets to shows or sports events, meals, lodging, rentals, transportation, and gratuities) are unallowable."
This category also includes meals for which there is no clearly Documented business purpose.
J-18: Fine and Penalties
"Costs resulting from violations of, or failure of the institution to comply
with Federal, State, local, and foreign laws and regulations are
J-19: Goods or Services for Personal Use
"Costs of goods and services for personal use of the institution's
employees are unallowable regardless of whether the cost is reported
as taxable income to the employees."
J-20: Housing and Personal Living Expenses
"Costs of housing, housing allowances and personal living expenses
for/of the institution's officers are unallowable regardless of whether the
cost is reported as taxable income to the employees."
J-21: Insurance and Indemnification
"Actual losses which could have been covered by permissible insurance
(whether through purchased insurance or self-insurance) are
unallowable. Costs of insurance with respect to any costs incurred to correct defects in the institution's materials or workmanship are unallowable."
J-22: Interest, Fund Raising, and Investment Management Costs
"Costs of organized fund raising, including financial campaigns, endowment drives, solicitation of gifts and bequests, and similar expenses incurred solely to raise capital or obtain contribution, are unallowable."
J-24: Lobbying
With limited exception, costs of lobbying activities to influence the outcomes of any Federal, State, or local government action are unallowable.
J-28: Membership, Subscriptions, and Professional Activity Costs
"Costs of membership in any civic or community organization are unallowable. Costs of membership in any country club or social or dining club or organization are unallowable."
However, costs of the institution's memberships in business, technical, and professional organizations are allowable.
J-37: Recruiting Costs
Costs related to recruitment of students are unallowable. Meanwhile, staff recruiting costs are allowable but subject to restrictions. Recruitment advertising may be allowable, but cost in excess of black and white is unallowable. Also, and relocation expenses of recruited employees may be allowable, but if the employee resigns for reasons under his or her control within twelve (12) months, and relocation costs are unallowable.
J-42: Selling and Marketing
"Costs of selling, marketing, and promoting any products or services of the institution are unallowable."
J-45: Student Activity Costs
"Costs incurred for intramural activities, student publications, student
clubs, and other student activities, are unallowable, unless specifically
provided for in the sponsored agreements."
J-48: Travel: Airfare
Airfare costs in excess of the lowest available commercial coach rate
are normally unallowable. Exceptions can be granted if unreasonable
travel arrangements would result when traveling coach, the upgrade would decrease the cost, or it is required to meet the medical needs of
the traveler.
"In order for airfare costs in excess of the customary standard commercial airfare to be allowable the institution must justify and document on a case-by-case basis the applicable condition(s)."
J-50: Trustees
The costs are subject to restrictions regarding lodging, subsistence and air travel costs provided in J-48.
Appendix 2 - Incurring and Paying for Various Types of Business Expenses
|Type of Expense
|Contact for More Info
|Incurring Expense
|Paying Expense
|Business expenses under $300
|Procurement Card
|Direct charge to account
|Accounts Payable
|Business meals (non-travel)
|NYU Travel Card
Personal credit card
|Direct charge to account
Standard reimbursement process
|Accounts Payable
|Business Meals (travel)
|NYU Travel Card
Personal credit card/funds
Cash (Issued as advance)
|Standard reimbursement process
|Accounts Payable
|Employee services, stipends
|Human Resources Department
|Human Resources Department
|Gifts, Prizes, Awards (to employees)
|Purchase Requisition
|Accounts Payable
|Accounts Payable
|Independent Contractors
|Consulting Agreement or Contract
|Accounts Payable
|Accounts Payable
|Items within Purchasing Services purview
|Purchase Order
|Accounts Payable
|Purchasing Services
Accounts Payable
|Professional services (not involving Purchase Orders)
|Consulting Agreement or Contract (Werever applicable)
|Accounts Payable
|Accounts Payable
|Office parties and other business events
|Purchase Order
Personal credit card/funds
Cash (Issued as advance)
|Accounts Payable
Standard reimbursement process
|Accounts Payable
Purchasing Services
|Travel (Air/Rail transportation, lodging, etc.)
|NYU Travel Card
|Standard reimbursement process
|Accounts Payable

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Butterfly Curtain
Material List
- Silk Butterflies - Assorted Colors
- Jewelry Essentials™ Beading Thread – Clear
- Beads – Assorted
- Jewelry Essentials™ Crimp Beads
- Jewelry Essentials™ Needle Nose Pliers
- Jewelry Essentials™ Wire Cutters
- Bead Reamer
Project Instructions
Use bead reamer to make hole in body of a butterfly.
Determine the length of your curtain and cut clear cord 12" longer.
Thread crimp bead onto end of clear thread, and crimp closed with needle nose pliers.
Thread your butterfly onto clear thread to end of crimp bead.
Add another crimp bead to clear thread spaced as you desired for your next butterfly, crimp and add butterfly.
Continue to add butterflies and crimps to hold them in place as desired.
If you want to add beads between, add to thread with a crimp bead holding them in place.
With desired length filled with butterflies, add one last crimp bead. Bring end through crimp and make a loop to place over curtain rod.
Make desired amount of strands to fill curtain rod.


text:
Disclaimer: This scientific independent research is provided by Aisle7 and is for informational use only. GNC provides this information as a service but does not endorse it. Likewise, Aisle7 does not recommend or endorse any specific products.I accept these terms
Now® Sports D-Ribose Powder
Product Label
There is a label available for this product. To view the label, click this icon or navigate to the "Label" tab below.
Now® Sports D-Ribose Powder8 oz.
Price: $39.99
$3.99 Flat Rate Shipping! Details
AVAILABILITY: In stock, Ships in 1-2 full bus. days. Details
- Description
100% Pure - Fuels ATP Energy Production*
Ribose occurs naturally in all living cells. It is a simple sugar that begins the metabolic process for ATP production. D-Ribose works synergistically with, and enhances the benefits of, creatine supplements.*
* These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
- Supplement Facts
As a dietary supplement, take 2 level teaspoons daily, prior to exercise. Serious athletes may want to double the dosage during training.
Serving Size 2 teaspoon(s) Servings Per Container 45 Amount Per Serving % DV Calories 20.00 Total Carbohydrate 5.00 g 2% D-Ribose Powder (Bioenergy RIBOSE™) 5000.00 mg ** ** Daily Value (DV) not established
- Health Notes
- Reliable and relatively consistent scientific data showing a substantial health benefit.
- Contradictory, insufficient, or preliminary studies suggesting a health benefit or minimal health benefit.
- For an herb, supported by traditional use but minimal or no scientific evidence. For a supplement, little scientific support.
Our proprietary "Star-Rating" system was developed to help you easily understand the amount of scientific support behind each supplement in relation to a specific health condition. While there is no way to predict whether a vitamin, mineral, or herb will successfully treat or prevent associated health conditions, our unique ratings tell you how well these supplements are understood by the medical community, and whether studies have found them to be effective for other people.
For over a decade, our team has combed through thousands of research articles published in reputable journals. To help you make educated decisions, and to better understand controversial or confusing supplements, our medical experts have digested the science into these three easy-to-follow ratings. We hope this provides you with a helpful resource to make informed decisions towards your health and well-being.
This supplement has been used in connection with the following health conditions:
Used for Amount WhyAngina Refer to label instructions [2 stars]In one study, men with severe coronary heart disease who took ribose were able to exercise significantly longer than those taking placebo before experiencing chest pain and before abnormalities appeared on their electrocardiogram (ECG).Athletic Performance Refer to label instructions [1 star]Ribose is a type of sugar used by the body to make the energy-containing substance adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which gets depleted during intense exercise. Reports have suggested that taking ribose might increase power during short, intense bouts of exercise.
Ribose is a type of sugar normally made in the body from glucose. Ribose plays important roles in the synthesis of RNA, DNA, and the energy-containing substance adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Copyright 2014 Aisle7. All rights reserved. Aisle7.com
The information presented in Aisle7 is for informational purposes only. It is based on scientific studies (human, animal, or in vitro), clinical experience, or traditional usage as cited in each article. The results reported may not necessarily occur in all individuals. For many of the conditions discussed, treatment with prescription or over the counter medication is also available. Consult your doctor, practitioner, and/or pharmacist for any health problem and before using any supplements or before making any changes in prescribed medications. Information expires June 2015.
- Label
To view the Label you will need Adobe Acrobat Reader installed. You can download a free copy of the Adobe Acrobat Reader at: http://www.adobe.com/acrobat/readstep.html
- Ratings and Reviews
REVIEW SNAPSHOT®by PowerReviews
- Boosts energy (3)
Best Uses
- Everyday (4)
Reviewed by 4 customers
Sort by
- Boosts Energy
- Good Value
Best Uses
- Everyday
Comments about NOW NUTRITION Now® Sports D-Ribose Powder:
Has virtually no taste, so I can add it to green tea or juice, even water. About half an hour after drinking I get a warm rush at the back of my neck and have lost two pounds in a week so I guess my metabolism is kicking up a notch! Thank you Sinatra Solution and Dr Sinatra
- Boosts Energy
- Tasty
Best Uses
- Everyday
Comments about NOW NUTRITION Now® Sports D-Ribose Powder:
I started taking this because my Doctor recommended it. I have fibromyalgia and there are times when I am so fatigued I find it difficult just to make it through the day. Ribose has helped me get that extra boost that I need. It tastes good with just water - it has a sweet taste. I also like to sprinkle it on oatmeal instead of sugar at breakfast. Im grateful my Doctor advised me on this product.
- Boosts Energy
- Tastes Bad
Best Uses
- Everyday
Comments about NOW NUTRITION Now® Sports D-Ribose Powder:
helps me keep up at work and on schedule
- Quickens Recovery Time
Best Uses
- Everyday
Comments about NOW NUTRITION Now® Sports D-Ribose Powder:
I have fibromyaligia I read a book called From Fatigue to Fantastic that recommended d-ribose. It was so painful to walk 1st thing in the morning and the end of the day. I felt like I ran a marathon, because of the pain. I strongly recommend this product. I am virtually pain free.
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GNC Triple Strength Fish Oil 1240
180 Mini Softgels
- Price: $48.99
GNC Ultra Zinc Lozenges® - Orange
48 Vegetarian Lozenges
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GNC Ultra 25 Billion CFUs Probiotic Complex Multi Strain
30 Vegetarian Capsules
- Price: $34.99


text: POPSUGAR News 9/18/09 Chris Clears Brush, Tom Rates His Sex Skills, & Jay-Z Breaks Elvis's Record What's Your Reaction? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Reactions Chris Clears Brush, Tom Rates His Sex Skills, & Jay-Z Breaks Elvis's Record originally posted on POPSUGAR Beauty Read More POPSUGAR NewsLourdes Ciccone LeonChris BrownJay-ZCameron DiazMadonnaTom Cruise POPSUGAR News Sofia Vergara's Ingredients For a Good Life? "Eating, Loving, and Sex" 1 day ago Alicia Silverstone: "I'm Secure in the Choices I've Made" 2 days ago Why We're Crazy in Love With a Beyoncé and Jay Z Tour 2 days ago Why Was Poor Max Greenfield "Alone and Scared" in Upstate New York? 2 days ago Will Robert Pattinson and Kristen Stewart Reunite at Cannes? 3 days ago How Victoria Beckham Will Spend Her 40th Birthday 3 days ago Get a Personalized Celebrity & Entertainment Newsletter! Help us customize your newsletter by selecting your interests (optional): POPSUGAR News Tom Cruise Young Hollywood A Listers Link Love Victoria Beckham shares 40 facts about herself — People Olivia Wilde and her baby bump are absolutely radiant — HuffPost Celebrity Kate Middleton gives a touching speech on Australian tour — Us Weekly James Franco tears down a critic on Instagram — Lainey Gossip This SNL star is heading to the big screen — ET Johnny Depp thinks Transcendence is a prediction of the future — Dlisted Shia LaBeouf did his good deed for the day — JustJared 22 times Stephen Colbert was actually perfect — BuzzFeed Mark Ruffalo tweets a pic from the Avengers set — Pink Is the New Blog Heather Graham tries something new on the red carpet — Hollywood Tuna Tracy Morgan expresses concern for Alec Baldwin — The Superficial Find out about Kim Kardashian and Beyoncé's LA run-in — PopBytes


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I-5 Ortega Highway Off Ramp – ORTEGA BRIDGE VEHICLE LIMITS Starting Saturday, June 1, 2013, crews will reduce lanes on the Ortega Highway bridge over the I-5 freeway to two lanes in either direction in preparation for upcoming demolition activities on the south half of the bridge. This configuration will last for approximately one year as crews work to demolish and reconstruct the south half of the bridge. *During this configuration, trucks, trailers and motor homes more than 25-feet long will be unable to exit the I-5 southbound off-ramp and maneuver a left turn to eastbound Ortega Highway and will have to utilize alternate routes. Recommended route is to exit east on Crown Valley Parkway, south on Antonio Parkway, and east on Ortega Highway to the park entrance. Please call (949) 923-2210 for more information. OC Parks apologizes for any inconvenience that this may cause in visiting Caspers Wilderness Park.
Caspers Wilderness Park is supplied by its own domestic water system; therefore, there are times when park facilities, such as showers, flush toilets, and/or drinking water may not be available. For up to date information, please call Caspers Wilderness Park at 949-923-2210
Lengths of sites refer to parking area only. Turning radius to get into a site may be limited for vehicles longer than 30 feet.
1 Trailer/RV per site, 2 tents/site, 2 Vehicles/site. ADDITONAL FEE: Second vehicle is $5/night collected at the park.
Camping stay is limited to a 14 night maximum per month which combines stays at both O'Neill and Caspers parks. This includes all extra vehicles and companions. A 5 day interim period is required before campers my re-register.
Domestic PETS are Prohibited. Pets are not allowed at Caspers at all, even in motorhomes.
Fires in BBQ or Fire pits ONLY
All campers must be 18 years of age or older or must be accompanied by a parent, legal guardian or responsible adult.
The maximum number of campsites an individual may reserve is 2. If you would like to reserve a group campsite, please contact the park office at 949-923-220.
The following are prohibited in the park: possession or consumption of alcoholic beverages, possession or use of firearms or weapons, possession or use of fireworks, domestic animals.


text:
Your Jobs: Range Picker
SCOREGolf's Jason Logan collects golf balls and takes target practice while filling the shoes of a range picker.
Nov 6/13
2013-14 Season Preview
SCOREGolf's Bob Weeks and Jason Logan offer their top storylines for this PGA Tour season. Can Graham DeLaet become golf's next star? Who to watch for at the majors?
Nov 6/13
Your Jobs: Beverage Cart
Peter Robinson takes on the task of serving beverages to golfers and soaking up their sarcastic comments while impersonating a cart girl.
Nov 6/13


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Return to Previous Page
Sacred Offerings
Shamans Market Muna Muna - Andean Mint Essential Oil 15 ml(Minthostachys setosa), Andean mint has a deep scent that cleanses negative vibrations.
The traditional uses of Minthostachys are manifold, but the most important are consumption as tea, seasoning, or medicinal infusions against various ailments of the digestive or respiratory systems. The first include cough, cold, flu, and similar, the second everything from stomach ache to diarrhea. Less frequently the plants are said to be used externally for other parts of the body, e.g. against rheumatism or bruises. Learn More$18.00


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Community ReLeaf
Community ReLeaf, which launched in spring 2013, is dedicated to the assessment, restoration and monitoring of urban forests.
As part of this program, American Forests identifies cities that could benefit from an analysis of their urban forests — or aspects of their urban forests — based on research and conversations with urban forest managers. Then, each year, a handful of cities are selected as "project sites" for that year's Community ReLeaf activities. Once selected each project site undergoes three distinct phases: urban forest assessment, restoration, and outreach and education.
Reaching geographically distributed and culturally diverse communities, Community ReLeaf aims to bring national attention to the value of our urban forests.
Program Partners
The News
The Project Cities


text:
Series: Changing of the Guard
Articles in this series examine the implications for China and the rest of the world of the coming changes in the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party.
Your search for 91 Wireless in China returned 1 articles
The move should also help Baidu regain ground against two other Chinese Internet giants, Alibaba and Tencent, which were quicker to add mobile capabilities.August 19, 2013, Monday
Articles in this series examine the implications for China and the rest of the world of the coming changes in the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party.
The Chinese Communist Party on Thursday unveiled a new leadership slate headed by Xi Jinping, who will face the task of guiding China to a more sustainable model of growth.
All members of China's Politburo Standing Committee, the group of politicians who rule the country, have close connections with former leaders. The top two figures of the new administration were also part of the previous government.
Since China's first ruling committee was appointed, each successive leader has enjoyed less authority than the last.
China's "princelings" are emerging as an aristocratic class with an increasingly important say in ruling the country.
China's 18th Communist Party Congress precedes the naming of China's top leader, who will replace Hu Jintao as president. The meeting also debuts a new generation of party leaders.
Tom Redburn, China editor for The New York Times, introduces a short video series on China's changing of the guard.
The New York Times' Beijing correspondents discuss Xi Jinping, China's new leader.
The New York Times reporters in Beijing discuss economic reform in China as the country takes a more central position on the world stage.
The New York Times correspondent Andrew Jacobs discusses China's record on human rights.
The New York Times's Beijing correspondents discuss the challenges ahead for China as the country begins its once-in-a-decade leadership transition.
The New York Times has introduced a beta version of a new Chinese-language Web site, which continues to grow in scope and functionality.
Articles in this series explore the struggle to shape the culture of authoritarian China.
Articles in this series examine China's system of government-managed capitalism, and the potential weaknesses that could threaten the nation's remarkable economic growth.
Articles in this series examine the stresses and strains of China's emergence as a global power.
A series of articles and multimedia examining the human toll, global impact and political challenge of China's epic pollution crisis.
Diagram showing the family of Wen Jiabao and their business network.
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