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Drones are making a full transition from military devices to instruments used in every day life. Unmanned aerial vehicles, which have been known mainly as a weapon of war, are expected to play increasingly key roles in business and civic affairs, from delivering packages to inspecting roads and bridges to taking fun photos.
Here are 13 companies investing, selling or benefiting from unmanned aerial vehicle technology, from the battlefield to your backdoor. At left, Deutshe Post tests a small delivery to its Bonn, Germany headquarters using a quadcopter drone.
- Sally French and Ben Pimentel
More from this series:
A field guide to drones: Interactive graphic
Dajiang Innovation
Dajiang Innovation Technology, a privately-held drone manufacturing company based in Shenzen, China, makes the DJI drones, which are popular among amateur and professional photographers for capturing aerial video or pictures. Manayunk Cleaners, a laundry company based in Manayunk, Pennsylvania, once used the DJI Phantom to deliver dry cleaning. In San Francisco, a man used the DJI Phantom to fly in a wedding ring just as he proposed to his girlfriend. DJI drones range in price from $420 for the basic model of the Phantom drone to $11,000 for the "S1000 Ready to Fly Octocopter" package.
Watch: Turn a paper airplane into an electric drone, controlled by a smartphone.
Parrot EPA
Founded in 1994, Parrot PARRO, +0.00% is a wireless products manufacturer company, based in Paris, France. Parrot introduced its first drone, the Parrot AR.Drone, in 2001, and has continued expanding its line of drones to include the Mini-Drone and AR Drone 3.0 Bebop. Parrot's drones are popular among hobbyists and hackers. Martha Stewart told Vanity Fair that she owns an AR 2.0 model, which she flies around her farm to take pictures. Serial hacker Samy Kamkar, who was jailed for creating a MySpace worm, developed a way to seek out other drones in the air, hack them and turn them into an army of UAVs under the attacker's control. Kamkar published the instructions for hacking drones on his website, which would be easy for anyone with Linux familiarity to follow and build in less than an hour.
Formerly known as Woodman Labs, Inc., GoPro develops, manufactures and markets pocket-sized, high-definition cameras often used in extreme action video photography. The lightweight cameras are commonly mounted to consumer-level drones. The company plans to sell up to $427 million worth of stock in the IPO late Wednesday, for a trading start on Thursday. That would be the biggest consumer-electronics IPO since battery company Duracell International Inc.'s 1991 debut, according to Dealogic. See GoPro's IPO page.
More on drone stocks: Cody Willard's 3 best stocks for the drone revolution
Airware, based in San Francisco, has developed flexible, cost-effective autopilots that serve as the "brains" for drones. The autopilots have been implemented in drones that have delivered vaccines to remote locations in Southeast Asia and have flown over a conservancy in Kenya to track the whereabouts of the endangered northern white rhino, and possibly spot poachers. Last year, Airware announced a $10.7 million Series A round of funding from Andreessen Horowitz and Google Ventures.
Matternet says it wants to bring the world its next-generation transportation system by developing a low-cost, low-energy network of drones to anywhere in the world, particularly places with inefficient or non-existent road infrastructure. Matternet's drones can transport small packages for courier transportation in congested cities or vaccines to the developing world. Matternet was formed out of a 2011 team project at Singularity University, a teaching organization in Silicon Valley.
Skycatch uses small drones to capture data that property owners can use to keep track of large geographic areas. Skycatch drones have been tested by First Solar FSLR, -4.38% , DPR and SolarCity US:SCTY , one of the nation's largest installers of solar panels, which Elon Musk helped start. Skycatch has raised about $13.2 million in equity funding, according to a Securities and Exchange Commission filing.
Denel Dynamics
Denel Dynamics is part of South Africa's largest manufacturer of defense equipment. Denel Dynamics focuses largely on UAVs and integrated air defense. The company manufactures the Denel Dynamics Seeker, designed to perform tactical reconnaissance in real-time as well as conduct day and night surveillance.
Facebook FB, -1.05% announced in March that it had brought on five engineers from Ascenta, a U.K. based company that develops solar-powered drones that could stay in the air for months, even years. The purchase was part Facebook's Internet.org initiative aimed at expanding Internet access to parts of the world where it is not yet available. As Chief Executive Mark Zuckerberg explains in a paper, Facebook is looking to develop a system of drones that can "fly as close to the ground as possible in order to maximize signal strength," but "at a high enough altitude where the wind is not very strong in order to maximize endurance."
Google GOOG, -2.11% GOOGL, -2.30% in April announced that it was buying Titan Aerospace, a small company based in New Mexico with 20 employees. Titan makes drones that can fly nonstop for years. Facebook had reportedly also tried to buy the company, before opting to acquire Ascenta. Like Facebook, Google is looking to use drones as a way to expand the Internet's reach by beaming access to places with no cell phone towers or wired telephone connections.
Boeing BA, -2.83% has developed multiple UAVs including the Condor, which first flew in 1988 and set records by reaching a top altitude of 67,028 feet and staying aloft for nearly two and one-half days. Its ScanEagle, which first flew in April 2002, is four feet long and by 2006 surpassed 10,000 combat flight hours in less than two years, supporting U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Navy operations.
Lockheed Martin
Lockheed Martin's LMT, -1.67% unmanned systems serve a variety of activities, including keeping operating bases supplied and reducing the number of truck convoys on dangerous roads. Lockheed Martin's Desert Hawk III is used by soldiers to enable them to see what's over the next hill and surveillance platforms including ISIS can track ballistic targets at ranges well beyond 1,080 nautical miles.
AeroVironment's advanced unmanned aircraft systems are used by the U.S. Department of Defense and allied military services to provide real-time, airborn reconnaissance, surveillance and communication. Its 6.5-inch tall nano-hummingbird prototype aircraft is the first to operate using only its flapping wings for propulsion and control. The 2/3 ounce aircraft is capable of flying in all directions and can fit into tight spaces.
In December, Amazon.com Inc. CEO Jeff Bezos surprised Charlie Rose of "60 Minutes" with a demonstration of delivery drones his company has been working on for years. It's called the would-be service "Prime Air," and said the goal of the project is to get goods into consumers' hands in 30 minutes or less. Delivery by drone isn't possible under existing Federal Aviation Administration rules, but the industry is lobbying for more clarity.
Read: Drone industry's Washington lobbyist pushes the human side
In December, Amazon.com Inc. CEO Jeff Bezos surprised Charlie Rose of "60 Minutes" with a demonstration of delivery drones his company has been working on for years. It's called the would-be service "Prime Air," and said the goal of the project is to get goods into consumers' hands in 30 minutes or less. Delivery by drone isn't possible under existing Federal Aviation Administration rules, but the industry is lobbying for more clarity.
Read: Drone industry's Washington lobbyist pushes the human side
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Monday was a busy day for city and county commissioners as they wrap up business for the year.
Monday was a busy day for city and county commissioners as they wrap up business for the year.
Bids for new vehicles for the Ford County Sheriff's Office and a decision about the demolition of the old sheriff's office were on the county agenda.
Ford County Clerk Sharon Seibel said a decision was made to allow the Ford County Road and Bridge Department to take on the demolition project. A verbal bid of $60,000 was given for the project, but County Administrator Ed Elam predicted the building could be removed for less. An exact cost for the demolition was not available.
Seibel said the removal of the building would be a winter project for the department.
The county commission also approved the purchase of six vehicles for the sheriff's office including two used vehicles from G&G Car and Truck Supercenters, two four-door sedans from Lopp Motors Inc. to be used as patrol vehicles, and two four-wheel drive pickups from Magouirk Chevrolet, Inc. A total expenditure of approximately $138,000 was approved for the vehicles.
The final county commission meeting of the year will be held at 4:30 p.m. Monday, Dec. 31 and will be a regular meeting with no work session.
At the city commission meeting, Resolution No. 2012-39 defining the boundary of the City of Dodge
City was approved. City Clerk Nannette Pogue said state law requires that the city annually adjust the boundary to account for any additional land annexed in the past year. The land in question was two parcels on West Wyatt Earp Blvd just west of Matt Down Lane where two new motels are scheduled to be built. The names of the motels were not available.
The commission also approved the allocation of 2012 Special Alcohol and Drug Funds. According to Pogue, the City of Dodge City receives a portion of the alcohol and drug tax that is collected in the community. The tax is allocated 1/3 to the general fund, 1/3 to a special park and recreation fund and 1/3 to a special alcohol and drug fund.
A committee of three people reviewed the applications and recommended that approximately $104,000 be allocated to:
-$10,000 to Area Mental Health Center for dual diagnosis treatment.
-$1,000 to the Public Library for DVDs and books related to the topics.
-$4,500 to the JUDGE (Juvenile Underage Drinking Grant Enforcement) with the police department.
-$6,500 to the police department for the GREAT (Gang Resistance Education Training) program.
-$65,000 to New Chance for addictions treatment & counseling.
-$8,000 to Friends of Recovery for the Oxford Houses of Dodge City.
-$9,000 to Catholic Social Services for drug and alcohol assessments as well as outpatient treatment for those who do not have the ability to pay.
A city commission meeting is set for 8 a.m. Monday, Dec. 31 to wrap up any budget items for the year.

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After lots of experimentation, it turned out that the best boot parameter so far (Ubuntu 16.10 alpha July 2016) is:
Otherwise (e.g. with acpi=noirq), there is a crash trying to load the nvidia card and an issue with ACPI trying to load _DSM. If you want to disable the nivida card completely, for 6W or more of power savings, use nouveau.modeset=0. This might need to be in addition to pci=noacpi.
This might work for lots of other notebooks, especially with Nvidia graphics and a Skylake CPU, e.g. the MSI GE62 6QF series.


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BERLIN--Eric Schmidt announced Google One Pass, a new service that lets publishers set their own prices and terms for their digital content. With Google One Pass, publishers can maintain direct relationships with their customers and give readers access to digital content across websites and mobile apps.
Readers who purchase from a One Pass publisher can access their content on tablets, smartphones and websites using a single sign-on with an email and password. Importantly, the service helps publishers authenticate existing subscribers so that readers don't have to re-subscribe in order to access their content on new devices.
With Google One Pass, publishers can customize how and when they charge for content while experimenting with different models to see what works best for them—offering subscriptions, metered access, "freemium" content or even single articles for sale from their websites or mobile apps. The service also lets publishers give existing print subscribers free (or discounted) access to digital content. We take care of the rest, including payments technology handled via Google Checkout.
Our goal is to provide an open and flexible platform that furthers our commitment to support publishers, journalism and access to quality content. Like First Click Free, Fast Flip and Living Stories, this is another initiative developed to enable publishers to promote and distribute digital content.
German publishers Axel Springer AG, Focus Online (Tomorrow Focus) and Stern.de joined Eric at Humboldt University today as some of our first Google One Pass partners. Other publishers already signed up include Media General, NouvelObs, Bonnier's Popular Science, Prisa and Rust Communications.
Google One Pass is currently available for publishers in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the U.K. and the U.S. If you're a publisher in one of these countries and want to learn more, please reach out to the Google One Pass team or submit your information on our website. For interested publishers in other countries, we'd love to hear from you too as we plan to expand to other countries in the coming months.
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Looking for the best roofing contractors in Silver Spring, MD? You've come to the right place! Shanco has been providing homeowners with quality roof installation, repair, and replacement throughout the area for more than 20 years.
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Designed for Fast-Action Photos and HD Video
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Includes Valuable Adobe Software Offers. The Lexar Platinum II Memory Stick PRO Duo card includes exclusive, money-saving offers on leading Adobe software. You?ll enjoy free, 30-day trials of the latest versions of Adobe Photoshop Elements and Adobe Premiere Elements software, with $30 off each full version.*
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Click here for a Video Demonstration!
Just take off your jacket and hold it in front of your feet. Everyone CLEARLY SEES BOTH your feet in front of your draped jacket. All of a sudden YOU LEVITATE ABOVE THE GROUND 4-5 inches!
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Iowa Educational School Psychology Graduate Programs on Campus & Schools
Are you interested in traditional, campus-based Educational School Psychology Graduate programs? Do you want to attend a school psychology graduate program on a brick-and-mortar campus? Or are you looking for school or guidance counselor graduate programs? All of these Educational School Psychology Graduate programs and more may be available on traditional campuses either locally or in new and exciting locations.
Why An On Campus Educational School Psychology Graduate Program?
Traditional programs based on brick-and-mortar campuses may have a number of potential benefits to help their students. For example, if you learn best in the classroom, working with your professor in person, collaborating with your peers, on an established schedule, this may be a great fit for you. You may also have access to facilities and resources like libraries, technology labs, academic and career counseling, and more. Additionally, with the increasing role of technology in higher education, more and more campus programs may be incorporating online learning options into their course catalogs
Choosing Your Perfect Campus School & Educational Psychology Graduate Programs
If you're looking to pursue a degree in educational psychology or school psychology, choosing the perfect concentration area for you is an important step. Within the broader field of educational and school psychology are three major concentration areas: educational psychology, school psychology, and school counseling (also referred to as guidance counseling). While each of these concentration areas might share many similarities, they also serve unique functions to help improve an educational community and help individual students to learn. Understanding the basics of each concentration area may help you to choose the perfect program for you.
Educational Psychology Graduate Programs
Educational psychologists might look at, perform, and apply research, either at the institutional level or at the district or state level, in order to increase the effectiveness of an educational community. These programs might have a variety of focus points and approaches, depending on whether you're more interested in performing research or applying it in the field, and whether you want to focus on specific issues or populations. If you're interested in performing and applying research to help educational institutions succeed, an educational psychology degree may be a good choice for you.
School Psychology Programs
If you're more interested in how psychology research relates to the individual, you may prefer to study school psychology. School psychologists work within individual schools and focus on identifying and testing students for learning disorders, helping to develop IEPs, learning plans and behavioral plans, coordinating the cooperation between faculty, guardians and students for the successful learning of the student, and many more roles that might vary according to the needs of an individual institution. Students who choose a school psychology program may focus on any of a number of specific concentrations, such as focusing on serving urban populations, specific disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder, or specific age groups like early childhood or middle grades. If you wish to use your knowledge of psychological research to help individual students succeed and learn effectively, a school psychology master's program or school psychology doctor's program might be a good fit.
School Counseling Programs
School counselors and guidance counselors, like school psychologists, work on the premises of an educational institution. Unlike school psychologists, however, instead of focusing on testing, behavioral plans and IEPs and related issues, school counselors work with individual students on a day to day basis, using their counseling expertise to help students in the areas of social health, academic planning, career prep, college applications, emotional issues, and more. The specific responsibilities of a school counselor might be as diverse as the population they serve. School counseling graduate programs might focus on counseling from a practitioner's perspective, with respect to the education system and learning. If you want to help individual students every day on an individual basis, this might be a great option for you.
What School Psychology & Educational Psychology Graduate Degree Types Might You Pursue?
Once you have decided to enroll in an educational psychology graduate program, school psychology program, or school counseling program, you might be looking at either the master's, doctoral, or certificate level. No matter what program level you're looking at, however, you might still have to choose between a variety of program types. Understanding the basic similarities and differences between these program types may help you to identify and choose a program that is perfect for you.
Educational Psychology Master's Programs & School Psychology Master's Programs
If you're ready to earn your master's degree in school psychology or educational psychology, or school counseling, choosing the perfect master's degree program might be a big part of achieving your academic and career goals. But it's not as simple as just earning a master's degree. Educational psychology master's programs, as well as school counseling and school psychology master's programs may be available in a variety of different types, each with some unique qualities that may make them a good choice for you:
- M.A. and M.S. programs might be the most recognizable types of master's degrees offered in in educational and school psychology. The differences between these programs may vary depending on your specific concentration area. For example, within educational psychology, an M.A. program might focus more on academic research, helping to prepare students to pursue careers in research and future study at the doctoral level, whereas an M.S. might be more focused on application of research in the real world. In other areas, like school psychology and school counseling, the degrees of difference between these program types might be more negligible, might vary between programs and institutions, and might hinge on the presence of elements like thesis requirements.
- M.Ed. programs might be offered by schools of education, and as such, may be oriented toward professionals in the field of education, or take an education-related approach to the psychological concepts, research and material. This may, however, vary from program to program.
- Ed.S. and Psy.S. programs are known as specialty degrees, and may be offered both continuously with typical master's programs, or separately. These programs are sometimes described as being 'between' a master's and doctoral program, and allow you to pursue a specific concentration within your field at a higher level. Ed.S. programs, like M.Ed. programs, might be offered by schools of education, and might accordingly take an education perspective. Psy.S. programs, meanwhile might be offered by schools of psychology, and accordingly may also take a more clinical approach relevant to the practitioner of psychology.
No matter which type of educational psychology master's program you ultimately feel is a good choice for you, it is important to read up on the program requirements, approaches, and other details at your preferred institutions, as these and other details may vary individually.
School & Educational Psychology Doctoral Programs
Educational and school psychology doctoral programs may help to enhance a variety of career paths. Whether you want to pursue research, consultanting teaching in a university setting, or otherwise enhance your psychology practice through additional education, a doctoral program may be a great choice for you. Similar to master's program offerings, several types of doctoral programs may be available for your consideration:
- Ph.D. programs might be the most commonly offered and recognizable types of doctoral programs both in the field of educational and school psychology and elsewhere. In general, differences may vary between individual programs by institution, course of study, and other factors. However, they may also be academic, theoretical and research-oriented.
- Ed.D. programs, as with M.Ed. and Ed.S. programs, might be offered by schools of education, oriented toward professionals in that field or those with an academic background in education.
- Psy.D. programs, similar to Psy.S. programs, might be offered by schools of psychology, and may take a clinical perspective, oriented toward the practitioner of psychology.
As with master's programs, when choosing your perfect educational and school psychology, it is important to read up on your preferred programs and institutions, as the differences between and details of individual programs may vary.
Educational & School Psychology Graduate Certificate Programs
Whether you hold a bachelor's in educational or school psychology, work in the field, or hold a master's degree in educational psychology, school psychology, or school counseling, you might be interested in a graduate certificate program. Graduate certificate programs, often offered at the post-master's level, but sometimes also available at the master's level to those holding bachelor's degrees, might allow you to explore a specific subject or concentration area at a higher graduate level without enrolling in a full degree program like a master's or Ph.D. Due to the nature of graduate certificate programs, these programs are likely to vary on an individual basis.
Find a Perfect On Campus Educational & School Psychology Program Today!
If you're ready to get started finding a perfect on campus Educational School Psychology Graduate programs, GradSchools.com is here to help. If you would like to narrow down your list of on campus graduate programs, you can add filters like degree type (master's, doctorate, or graduate certificate) and your preferred location. Get started reading up on your preferred programs, and reach out to them for more information or to get started!
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GCU offers a variety of M.A. and M.Ed. education programs designed for current educators looking to take the next step in their career. Earn your degree from an accredited non-profit university. No Application Fee!
- Des Moines, IADes Moines, IA
Purdue University Global
M.S. in Educational Psychology
Purdue Global's Master of Science in Educational Psychology is designed to help you develop competencies to evaluate and recommend improvements in educational programs, student learning, and instruction. Examine the latest instructional techniques, tech...
- Cedar Rapids, IA
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- Iowa City, IAIowa City, IA
University of Iowa
Educational Psychology
The Educational Psychology program at The University of Iowa offers graduate programs leading to both M.A. and Ph.D. degrees.
- Iowa City, IA
- Des Moines, IADes Moines, IA
Drake University
Counselor Education
- Des Moines, IA
- Cedar Falls, IACedar Falls, IA
University of Northern Iowa
General Educational Psychology
- Cedar Falls, IA
- Dubuque, IADubuque, IA
Loras College
Master of Arts in School Couseling
The Loras College Master of Arts in School Counseling degree is specifically designed for individuals who plan to become Licensed School Counselors after completion of the program. Only active training program for school counselors in the Tri-State area.
- Storm Lake, IAStorm Lake, IA
Buena Vista University
School Counseling
The Master of Science in Education program is intended to enhance the skills of practicing educators in order to enable them to be more effective teac...
- Ames, IAAmes, IA
Iowa State University
Counselor Education
The counselor education program emphasizes the development of professional counselors and the academic/scholarly aspects of counseling, offering stude...
- Cedar Rapids, IACedar Rapids, IA
Kaplan University
M.S. in Educational Psychology
- Mason City, IA
- Urbandale, IA
- Davenport, IA
Sponsored Listings


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DUBLIN, Calif. & JENA, Germany - Wednesday, November 7th 2012 [ME NewsWire]
While inventors of Optical Coherence Tomography receive prestigious award, Carl Zeiss Meditec welcomes installation of 10,000th Cirrus HD-OCT system
(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Medical technology provider Carl Zeiss Meditec announced the installation of its 10,000th Cirrus™ HD-OCT system at the practice of Christa Dawson OD, Premier Eyecare & Eyewear, in Grandview, MO. The record number of installations, which expands access to this new clinical care standard for management of ocular disease comes during the same month that the 2012 António Champalimaud Vision Award was presented to the inventors of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). The Champalimaud Foundation recognized the developers for this advanced imaging technology that has improved the practices of ophthalmology and optometry and the ability of clinicians to understand and manage ocular diseases.
The Award was presented September 14, 2012 in Lisbon, Portugal to Carmen A. Puliafito, MD, MBA and Joel Schuman, MD for the clinical ocular applications of OCT that have led to improved diagnostics and clinical management and to James G. Fujimoto, PhD, David Huang, MD, PhD and Eric A. Swanson, MS for OCT development.
"OCT has revolutionized the treatment of eye disease on a global basis," said Dr. Puliafito, "and it is now routinely used to make clinical decisions about treating patients with blinding diseases such as macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma."
Collaboration between scientific and medical researchers and industry brought OCT to real-world clinical practice, and Carl Zeiss introduced the first commercially available ophthalmic OCT in 1996. Today over 50 percent of all OCTs in ophthalmic practices around the world are ZEISS OCT systems. Carl Zeiss has advanced the technology across four generations of imaging devices and continues to work with leading researchers to develop new applications to help doctors interpret the complex images and data.
Today's Cirrus HD-OCT from Carl Zeiss offers a wide spectrum of analyses including Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) and Optic Nerve Head with progression analyses and anterior segment imaging for glaucoma, as well as a variety of Macular Thickness and Macular Change analyses with high resolution B-scans and 3-D visualizations for managing retinal disease. With the recent introduction of expanded applications for glaucoma and dry AMD, the Cirrus HD-OCT offers robust comprehensive suites of clinical applications for glaucoma and retina disease management that serve the full spectrum of practice needs.
The 10,000th system installation is a Cirrus HD-OCT Model 400, which offers core OCT applications and analyses for comprehensive eye care practices. Carl Zeiss introduced the Model 400 in 2010. "We have been wanting to incorporate OCT into our practice for quite some time, but finding an affordable, yet high quality product, was essential for a small practice like ours," said Dr. Christa Dawson. "As our practice grew and we started seeing more glaucoma and retina patients, the need for OCT became critical. We looked at many different OCT systems but ultimately chose the ZEISS Cirrus Model 400 for its high resolution images, normative data, proven clinical analyses and connectivity – all within a manageable budget. I am delighted to be able to offer my patients a higher level of care with OCT."
Dr. Ludwin Monz, President and CEO of Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, sees the installation in Grandview as a proof point of the company's ability to offer a broad portfolio of state-of-the-art technology with connectivity solutions, training and services that is helping practices of all sizes achieve higher efficiency and better patient outcomes. "We constantly strive to make the most modern technology available to practices like Premier Eyecare & Eyewear, enabling them to treat their patients in the best possible way. Efficiency and productivity play a key role in meeting the demands of an aging patient demographic and the cost containment challenges ahead."
More than 76 million Baby Boomers were born in the US between 1946 and 1964. According to the US Census Bureau, between 2000 and 2010 the US population aged 45 to 64 grew at a rate of 31.5 percent, primarily due to the aging of the Baby Boom population. This rapidly aging demographic will drive the need for more care for patients with age-related eye diseases in coming years.
Brief profile
Carl Zeiss Meditec AG (ISIN: DE0005313704) is one of the world's leading medical technology companies. The company supplies innovative technologies and application-oriented solutions designed to help doctors improve the quality of life of their patients. It provides complete packages of solutions for the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases, including implants and consumables. The company creates innovative visualization solutions in the field of microsurgery. Carl Zeiss Meditec's medical technology portfolio is rounded off by promising, future-oriented technologies such as intraoperative radiotherapy. In fiscal year 2010/11 (ended 30 September) the company's around 2,400 employees generated revenue of EUR 759 million.
Carl Zeiss Meditec headquarters are located in Jena, Germany. The company has subsidiaries in Germany and abroad; more than 50 percent of its employees are based in the USA, Japan, Spain and France. The Center for Application and Research in India (CARIn) in Bangalore, India, and the Carl Zeiss Innovation Center for Research and Development in Shanghai, China, strengthen the company's presence in these fast-growing countries. 35 percent of Carl Zeiss Meditec shares are in free float. The remaining 65% are held by Carl Zeiss AG, one of the world's leading groups in the optical and optoelectronic industries.
Carl Zeiss offers innovative solutions for the future-oriented markets of Medical and Research Solutions, Industrial Solutions, Eye Care and Lifestyle Products. Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, is fully owned by the Carl Zeiss Foundation.
For more information, please go to: www.meditec.zeiss.de
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08 November 2012 at 07:36 - Posted by AfricaFinance
Cirrus HD-OCT Record Number of 10,000 Installations and Prestigious Award for OCT Inventors
DUBLIN, Calif. & JENA, Germany - Wednesday, November 7th 2012 [ME NewsWire]


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Destiny Chearino has an anatomy final in two weeks, and her professor isn't exactly overjoyed with how Chearino will be spending the weekend leading up to his exam.
"My anatomy teacher told me I was stupid to do it," Chearino said. "He was like, 'Do you know what's going to happen to you? You're getting your head bashed in.'"
But she's planning on being ready for the exam – and keeping her head in one piece – no matter what anybody says. She just has a little business to take care of before trying to make the grade.
Chearino, 22, is enrolled as a graduate student at the University of Rhode Island, where she's working on her Master's Degree in physical therapy. And most of the time, when she's not at school, she's boxing – and boxing well.
Beginning July 10, Chearino, a Warwick native who attended Warwick Vets, will be representing New England at the U.S. National Women's Golden Glove competition in Ft. Lauderdale, Fla. She's fighting in the 141-pound weight class, with the chance to become a national champion.
"(My teachers) definitely know it's happening," Chearino said. "But they absolutely think I'm crazy."
Crazy or not, Chearino is in the midst of a boxing resurgence, one that has her rising up the female ranks as one of the better amateur fighters in the country. A highly-heralded fighter at a young age, Chearino won the New England Golden Gloves competition as recently as 2009 before hanging up the gloves competitively so she could focus on her studies at URI.
She fought once in her sophomore year, and would box at the gym as a means to stay in shape, but her promising fighting career was, at the very least, on the back burner. Balancing the grind of school and the sport was a little too demanding.
As time went on, she even got away from just boxing in the gym. Recently, though, she got the itch to get back into working out – albeit not because she was planning on stepping back into the ring for anything too serious.
"Honestly, I was just like, 'Oh my god, I'm chubby I need to work out,' and (boxing) was always my go-to workout," Chearino said. "That was the only thing that I know how to do."
And, as it turned out, she still knew how to do it better than just about anybody. She linked up with local trainer Brian Pennacchia and started sparring. There was a little bit of rust, but that came off quickly, and before she knew it, she was in boxing shape and ready to get back in the ring once again.
"I just fell in love all over again with it," Chearino said.
She fought in the New England Open, winning her first match in two years. From there she had a few more fights around the region, before the New England Golden Gloves in Lowell, Mass., in February.
Chearino's opponent was Liz Leddy, from Portland, Maine. Chearino, regarded as the underdog, pulled the upset.
After walking away for two years, Chearino was back as a New England champion.
"It was awesome," she said. "It was definitely one of my bigger wins, I'd say. I definitely went in as the underdog to that fight. It was definitely a good thing."
The victory qualified her for the national tournament. She'll leave on Tuesday, fight Wednesday and potentially Thursday and then, if she qualifies for the title match, she'll have a national championship bout on Saturday.
It's her first-ever national boxing tournament, but she doesn't expect that to be an issue. When she was younger, she competed in karate and kickboxing, and traveled to Italy and Croatia, among other places, as part of the United States Junior National team.
She just wants to make the most of her second boxing life.
"My undergrad absolutely killed boxing to me," she said. "I'm so determined not to let that happen in grad school. I don't care if it's going to kill me. I'm boxing."
And this time, she's prepared to make the sacrifices to keep it going.
"I think now I'm also a lot more focused as far as boxing goes," Chearino said. "I know in my life I want to see how far I can go with it. I'm a lot more serious. I don't mind missing the parties on the weekends to go to the gym."
She'll make the trip to Florida without Pennacchia, but with other girls from around New England who have qualified in different weight classes.
A few fights later, she'll hop back on a plane and return to the world of classrooms and exams.
"I'm really, really excited," Chearino said. "I would be so much more excited if I wasn't coming back to an anatomy final."
Coming back as a national champion might make it a little easier to take.


text: i am having a discussion with a friend about the mm250, i did own one recently, sold it to buy a tig, i have had and still use a mm200, i know very little about the 250, the one that i had had volt and amp/ipm gauges, it was a digital readout, my question. has the mm250 always had the digital gauges, i am thinking that it did when miller upgraded from the mm200. but i am not sure, any one know, much appreciate any input


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DEAR CAROLYN: My husband's mother passed away 10 years ago, before we got married. They were close; his father was always a little disengaged, unsure of how to relate to children. After she died, my husband spent years in a pretty dark place. With therapy and time, he has worked through the worst of it, but still struggles with his grief on occasion.
My father-in-law remarried shortly after my mother-in-law's death. His new wife is younger, has children of her own at home, and has made an effort to include us in the new family. My husband mildly dislikes her, ostensibly due to her overpowering religious beliefs, but also because he thinks she treads too far over the line sometimes trying to fill his mother's shoes.
We are expecting our first child, and my husband is thrilled, but the new arrival is shining an extra-bright spotlight on how much he misses his mother. His stepmother is beside herself with excitement, and she is increasingly setting herself up as a prime target for my husband's frustration. For example, she talks about how excited she is to be a grandmother.
My husband finds her "grandmother" comments disrespectful to the memory of his mother, but he doesn't know how to bring it up (or if he should at all). I pointed out that our children will inevitably see her as a grandmother-type figure, but we can honor the memory of his mother as part of their lives, yet he still bristles when his stepmother does so much as ask how we're doing. How can we best approach this delicate situation?
DEAR A.: Isn't it time you and your husband — he in particular — stopped treating this as delicate?
You won't find many people who can be as sympathetic to his loss, and the "extra-bright spotlight" that having children can shine on it, as I can. I lived these myself, and I feel the weight still.
But that sadness is my responsibility, and your husband's is his; the greatest dishonor to his mother's memory is the way your husband punishes his stepmother. It's self-indulgent cruelty to regard her love as coming at his mother's expense, when they're two separate things. The stepmother fell in love with a widower. Period. She's dancing on nobody's grave.
To your coming child, she is a grandmother. She deserves to be treated as such, and not as a "grandmother-type figure," which is a ludicrous nonentity, a byproduct of the kind of tortured phrasing that emerges from walking on eggshells.
Yes, it is awful and unfair that his mother isn't alive to be Grandma, and I get that he just wants to rip down the moon — but he couldn't prevent that loss. If he interferes with his stepmother's attachment to your child, then the child loses a key source of love in a big world — a completely preventable loss.
Please urge your husband at least to consider that the greatest tribute to his mother's memory would be to stop blaming the person who cares about (and for) the people she left behind. Isn't that what she'd want for them, after all — to know someone looks out for them, as she no longer can?
And: Name the baby for the late grandmother. Spin those tears into gold.
"Tell Me About It" by Carolyn Hax appears Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays. Send your questions to email@example.com or fax 202-334-5669.


text:
Microsoft recently published a video on their "WorkingAtMicrosoft" YouTube channel depicting the fun and excitement of being a Program Manager at Microsoft.
The minute and a half long video introduces us to three current Program managers: Terri Chudzik (Lead Program Manager), Klorida Miraj (Senior Program Manager) and Bayo Olatunji (Program Manager), a few of whom work on Windows Phone.
A program manager is in charge of the vision of a product and works closely with various teams including design, development, and testing.
The video touches on the new experience program managers helped develop for Windows Phone with Live Tiles:
"It was really challenging, we were trying to come up with a new way to get to applications and how to navigate your phone that didn't look like everyone else out there."
It is pointed out that at Microsoft you are measured by results and not how you choose to get to the final result. An environment where you are continuously encouraged to have fun and think outside the box.
And yes, if you are wondering – Microsoft is hiring.
Thanks to GiffDev for the tip!


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Possibly Turkey, do you have it at the Looier?
What is the size and thickness? What is the stand made from? Are the others in the same style, might be some cultural clues in the other designs.
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text: PRINCETON — The Knights of Columbus, Father Farrell Council at St. Louis Parish in Princeton, will serve an all-you-can-eat pancake and sausage breakfast from 8 a.m. to noon Oct. 6 in the St. Louis School gymnasium. Tickets are $6 for adults, $3 for ages 4-12. Coffee, milk and juice are included. All proceeds will be donated to the Msgr. Carton Scholarship Fund and will be used to support diocesan seminarians.


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Did you miss this one? Pretty huge.kungfupete wrote:I've seen Lenten ride several times years ago when he was at the top of the game, before he was out with ankle injuries. It was amazing, he was doing powered wake style tricks with double passes in the air, & the HUGE LEN10 LOOPS with handle passes (which is what he is most famous for). It was f#cken amazing to see. Looked like a totally different sport.
Having said all that, I though Ruben's been kind of out of the game due to ongoing injuries. That's why they took the LEN10 boards out of production. I haven't seen any new videos for ages.
Good luck if his going to another kite company, that's awesome. He's done heaps for the sport and deserves its!!!
wazzaah wrote:Oh well can't keep a good story secret to long, the hanglos news team knew about it for some time now.
Soon after Youri Zoon went to Best Kiteboarding another Dutch rider goes to Best, Ruben Lenten. He will come with an official statement this week in which he will thank Slingshot Kiteboarding for the years of cooperation.
Hanglos already had a quick talk with the Dutch Loop-king in which he confirmed the rumours that where going round on the internet.
Ruben Lenten will develop his own kite at Best that will fit his style of kiteboarding.
The new Best kite will be a C-kite for xtreme kiteboarding, the way we know Ruben Best Ruben and Best don't expect this kite to be a high selling kite but the kite is for those guys and girls who like an extreme style and want a kite that fits their style.
Ruben confirms he's stoked about this new change and his new sponsor.
As soon as he comes with an official statement we will bring you an update
http://www.hanglos.net/news/301445/kite ... rding.html
edt wrote:Whoa. Is best really gonna design a kite just for Lenten? they gonna have to make a new bar too, that redline stuff wont work on a 4 line c
About timesq225917 wrote:edt wrote:Whoa. Is best really gonna design a kite just for Lenten? they gonna have to make a new bar too, that redline stuff wont work on a 4 line c
Well the Nemesis HP is long overdue a redesign, it's time we had a new high jumping, hard pulling, ass kicking, surface to air missile in the line up. So a new kite for Ruben would be a great fit for BEST. The 2014 bar is well under way already with a few rigging changes that will add to the safety options available to riders of 4-line and bridled kites.
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Is a Kite That Flags Out to Two Lines Dangerous?
Post general kiteboarding discussion topics here!
Moderator: BayAreaKite
Re: Is a Kite That Flags Out to Two Lines Dangerous?
I had rrd and f ones, they both do this. to flag kite i had to pull up to y grab a front line and pull in a few hand fulls to self land, flag out. my kites now one front line slides through y so it will flag, self land on own . problem is rrd f one re launch off water easier where as new kites if your not quick, it will be tangeld mess.
Riding used and closeout kites and boards from e-bay,craigslist,ikitesurf, and local surf shops.
Re: Is a Kite That Flags Out to Two Lines Dangerous?
My buddy and I had to drop our kites in 50+ knots at OB last year, on the beach. A 7m rrd and I my 8m rpm.... cause we were lit. I punched out, kite depowered and fell to the beach, I walked up the one line very slow and steady and was able to get to my kite safely. My buddy looked at me and told me to hold onto his harness while he punched out (he didn't land it to me cause he wanted to test out the depower of the safety system). He punches out and the kite flips over a couple of times and falls to the beach... except it wasn't depowered, it had enough that we were both pulled down the beach while trying to regain our footing. Finally we had enough leverage to stop it, but the kite was still flipping around pulling, significantly, and definitely not "depowered" as some have said above. I ran down and secured the kite... no way in hell he could of done this all by himself.
We came to the conclusion if you know you are going to punch out on that system and you have time its best to just hook the leash up to the "ohh shit" handle (one flying line) and let it go. This will depower your kite, but no relaunching once you do this. Back in the day this is how all the safety's worked, except they had stopper balls on the line so it wouldn't run up the entire length of it.
I'll say it how it is, the rrd bar didn't do its job when punched out on the "safety" line in high winds.
6,8,10,12 RPM's
2012 Firewire Flexfire Strapless
NorthCoastKiter -
Re: Is a Kite That Flags Out to Two Lines Dangerous?
Thank you for sharing your experience with this. Got me thinking that perhaps we can set up a day out at ocean beach (or another big open area) where we can all come test our safety systems with someone to hold the harness and another holding some type of fifth-line safety to wing-tip or pump leash. I'm sure many people out there may very well have an issue and don't know about it until it's too late.
Also, you're an insane man for being out on an 8m in 50 knots… innnnsane.
Sold all my gear; ebbs and flows; see you next season.
"Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure about the universe."
— Albert Einstein
Re: Is a Kite That Flags Out to Two Lines Dangerous?
Thanks to all for the feedback--good stuff. It's interesting to read everything from "I've been flying RRD kites with no problems" to "I had the exact same experience you had."
I'm also seeing "the kite really doesn't flag well in light winds." But also: "the kite really doesn't flag well in high winds." Should I not be disturbed by this? Isn't the whole point of the quick release to depower your kite--PERIOD--regardless of conditions?
Here's a little more info to address several other comments: The kite is not hooked up "suicide style." It's hooked into the ring that is the "correct" one for flagging out (supposedly). There are no pulleys on the bridal. There is a single line running from your leash which separates into a "Y" at a certain point and makes the two inner connections to the kite. When you punch out, the bar slides up to the stopper, but the line has full tension and the two attachment points on the kite pretty much allow the kite to maintain its shape, causing it to have little or no flagging action. You then have to climb up and wrap that line, and then wrap all your lines, while you have a powered kite. In the meantime, while you're attempting all this, the kite is bouncing, flopping, somersaulting, wrapping itself in lines, and possibly death-looping.
As NCKite_Ryder pointed out, his friend had a similar experience and there's no way he would've been able to control the kite had he been alone. This was similar to what happened to me the other day in my practice session. I eventually had to pull the final release and let the kite completely go, hoping that it wouldn't take off. Imagine if you had to do this at, God forbid, Berkeley, where the Frontage Rd. and Hwy. 880 are just past the landing zone!
I share jwest21's concern that many of us may go months or years without needing to punch out and may be in for a rude awakening when we have to grapple with this problem for the first time in a real-world self-rescue scenario. I think getting together in an open public space and testing this out is a great idea.
Re: Is a Kite That Flags Out to Two Lines Dangerous?
I have rrd and also have had no major problems (modified bar but 80% rrd) You should expect unpredictable results from any brand kite outside the recommended wind range for that particular size. A very important thing to verify is your flagging line is free of twists between it and the center lines ( a swivel helps) to ensure it won't hang up when you need it. Kite safety systems have become much safer in the last 5-10 years, but they aren't perfect. Never hesitate to immediately use the final release if you have punched out and the kite is trying to kill you
Re: Is a Kite That Flags Out to Two Lines Dangerous?
It was mid 30's when we went out and it ramped quickly to the point that we had to quit. I didn't launch my kite in 50+ winds... however my 6m handles that, didn't have one that day.
This is the graph for the ocean buoys.... 29-MAY-2011 (the Funston graph was broken due to high winds that day but as the locals know OB is heavier... our wind meter was gusting to 56, maybe it was mph idk)
6,8,10,12 RPM's
2012 Firewire Flexfire Strapless
NorthCoastKiter -
Re: Is a Kite That Flags Out to Two Lines Dangerous?
Several people have stated this. I don't doubt it's sincere, but if you never have to punch out, you won't have a problem. If you punch out on land in light wind and your kite luckily flops into the depowered position, you won't have a problem.
If, however, you have to self-rescue in windy/gusty conditions a mile from shore and wrap your lines with a still-powered kite, you may find out you have a problem.
Since one of the main reasons for self-rescuing is when the wind dies, it seems to me any kite should allow you to reliably self-rescue in light winds. I don't think this is as much of an issue with too-strong winds because most people (if they have sense) will not be out in those conditions.
This may be true, but it wasn't an issue in my case.
I don't expect perfection, just a kite that does what it's supposed to do when you punch out: depower fully, or at least mostly. I've had kites that do this so I know it's possible.
Re: Is a Kite That Flags Out to Two Lines Dangerous?
The RRD bar has oh shit handles on the bar ends. Has anyone ever tried to use an oh shit handles in over powered conditions on a RRD kite? ( I've heard of some kites (i.e. waroo) looping when using a bar end oh shit flag out line.) I would assume RRD kites flag out fine with the oh shit bar end, as it comes stock on the bar. If this assumption is correct, to self land, I would depower the trim cleat, move my leash from the chicken loop to a bar end oh shit ring (make sure you clip into the correct ring), unhook, dive the kite to crash, then hand over hand work to get to the upper front line and tug on that to try to get the kite to land down on its leading edge (as NCKiteRyder described). If anything goes wrong, just let go of the bar and lines (note: keep your body upwind and free of the lines), and the kite should flag out (if the above assumption is correct).
Re: Is a Kite That Flags Out to Two Lines Dangerous?
Except that the latest RRD bar no longer has Oh Shit Handles - whoops. Love my Obsessions but this is a factor in my next purchase. I am hoping f-one steps up with a bar that flags out otherwise I may move to Slingshot for my next quiver.
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False color image of raw intensities in the reference channel. Columns represent arrays and rows represent spots. Only human microRNA spots are shown. The intensities have been location- and scale-transformed within each row (spot) to lie between 0 and 1; this enables comparison across arrays. Other transformations are possible, and give similar results. There are two interesting features in this plot. First, there is a banding pattern of high and low intensity on alternate arrays. This is presumably due to the fact that two arrays are hybridized on each slide. Second, the last six arrays, run on a different day, have consistently higher intensity, suggesting a batch effect. This effect is also seen in
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We use this graphic to demonstrate the presence of a batch effect in our experiment. There are two well-defined batches: Arrays 159–184 were labeled on 4/13/07 and hybridized on 4/16/07 (159–182) and 4/17/07 (184). Arrays 207–213 were labeled on 5/5/07 and hybridized on 5/14/07. The arrays from the second batch (207–213) have larger intensity in the green channel. The banding pattern visible in this figure is presumably due to the fact that two arrays were printed on each slide.
Other plots designed to highlight this batch effect can also serve as diagnostics for assessing different normalization methods.
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, and a visual separation of the two batches is readily apparent in the densities for the unnormalized intensities. The separation is removed by all three normalization methods considered in this article (see the next section), but with some differences in behavior for low intensities. Figure 3 also serves as a diagnostic of array quality; had there been any bad arrays, one or more of the corresponding density estimates are likely to have been aberrant.
Histograms (kernel density estimates) of log intensity in the reference channel. The rows correspond to different types of probes, and the columns represent the different normalization methods used. Colors distinguish the two batches, and show a systematic upward shift in the second batch. All normalization methods appear to rectify the batch effect for high intensity spots, but have different effects on the low intensity spots.
Normalization is an essential preprocessing step in the analysis of any microarray experiment. Its primary purpose is to try to ensure that the observed between-array differences are due to biological phenomena, and not due to artifacts that arise due to differences in handling or processing of the samples. Normalization of microRNA microarrays is problematic primarily for two reasons. First, the number of microRNAs measured by the arrays is fairly small, numbering only in the hundreds (
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The sweeping staircases and stately elegance of the historic Old Capitol is the ideal backdrop for a picture-perfect wedding. Located in the heart of Iowa City, the building served as the state of Iowa's firstcapitolfrom 1846 to 1857 and became a National Historic Landmark in 1976.The Old Capitol's dome is featured in the University of Iowa's logo and remains one of the most recognizable landmarks in the state of Iowa.
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Vintage Seattle
Season 21 Episode 23 | 52m 22s
Uncover how Seattle appraisals from 15 years ago have held up in the rising and falling antiques market. Highlights include a 1937 Birger Sandzén landscape, Babe Ruth-signed photos, and WWII work incentive posters. Have the values soared or sunk?
Aired: 07/17/17
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Appraisal: Babe Ruth Archive, from Charleston, SC Hr 1.


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Russell & Yvonne needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 76 designs submitted by 17 freelance designers.
KWP Kiwi Wealth Plan
Our company culture and personality is professional, successful, effective and ethical. We are passionate in helping kiwis (New Zealanders) achieve their goals.
We are launching a new product that will have a main objective of allowing homeowners to reach their dream of paying off their mortgage sooner than if they continued with a traditional loan with the bank. They will save themselves thousands of dollars!
Using KWP they will also find they can afford their dream car, holiday, new home, boat and a comfortable retirement.
The new product will commonly become known as KWP which stands for Kiwi Wealth Plan.
We need to inspire confidence, excitement, urgency and critically trust - the people we talk to need to be confident that we will deliver.
The logo should be memorable, crisp and modern. We want to use it on business cards, stationery, our website or anywhere else.
We think that the ideal logo design will probably centre around the letters "KWP' with the words Kiwi Wealth Plan as part of the logo but not as dominant.
For the NZ market (initially) so we are keen on aqua/green colours although we are not eliminating other suggestions.
Our target audience need to have the following 4 main attributes:
1. People with a home loan on their main home property.
2. People who want to pay off their home loan (mortgage) sooner.
3. People who have access to and are comfortable using the internet.
4. People who are interested in becoming more efficient in managing their money.
They will not be limited to but generally will be aged between 25-45.
We want you to be creative and design a logo that represents who we are based upon the above overview.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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The early buzz around Timothy Geithner's new book is lingering on the former Treasury Secretary's uneasy relationship with the so-called too-big-to-fail banks.
Geithner, whose memoir goes on sale Monday, had a front-row view to the financial crisis, having served as President of the New York Federal Reserve Bank in 2008, and then as head of the Treasury Department when President Obama took office at the height of the crisis.
In the latter role, he became somewhat of a face of the federal government's efforts to save the banking system — and then reform it. For that reason, his legacy remains decidedly mixed. Now, after a full year away from the government, Geithner's talking about what it was like when it looked like the banking system was going belly up.
A New York Times magazine story by Andrew Ross Sorkin gave a peek into the thinking that went into Geithner's book, and much of it focuses on defending his legacy. But while his reflections cover the full spectrum of personal (he didn't actually want the Treasury job) and professional (He clashed with other top administration officials about whether to save Lehman Brothers), the too-big-to-fail issue remains a focal point.
Here's the salient passage from the Times story, in which Geithner appears to make an about-face on his view of whether too-big-to-fail can actually be eradicated:
"For much of the past five years, Geithner has publicly been fighting with the idea of too-big-to-fail, which implies that executives at the top banks were willing to take on remarkable risks because they knew that the government would ultimately bail them out, given the devastation their collapse would bring. Geithner and Obama marketed the Dodd-Frank bill as a way to end future bailouts. In 2010, right before the bill passed, Geithner said, 'The reforms will end too-big-to-fail.' Obama went further: 'Because of this law, the American people will never again be asked to foot the bill for Wall Street's mistakes. There will be no more tax-funded bailouts, period.'
"But it is now clear that Geithner never believed his own talking points. To him, too-big-to-fail and the so-called moral hazard, or safety net, that it would create can't really ever be fully taken away. During his lecture to [Larry] Summers's class, one student asked a question about 'resolution authority,' a provision of the reform laws that is supposed to let the government wind down a complex financial institution without creating a domino effect. The question prompted Geithner onto a tangent about too-big-to-fail. "Does it still exist?" he said. 'Yeah, of course it does.' Ending too-big-to-fail was 'like Moby-Dick for economists or regulators. It's not just quixotic, it's misguided.'
For many, this remains one of the key issues left unaddressed by the financial crisis. Here's what folks on Twitter had to say about it:
And more broadly, the book serves as a reminder that the scars of the financial crisis haven't fully healed:
– Ben Eisen
Follow Ben on Twitter @BenEisen.
Follow Capitol Report on Twitter @CapitolReport.
More in Capitol Report:
'Cockroach' brokers and investment advisers blasted
Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac reform bill may struggle to get to Senate floor


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Animal Studies and the Contemporary Novel
Elisha Cohn
Animals have prowled literature from its beginnings in the ancient world through medieval bestiaries and out from the margins of the novel in the modern era. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, animals' literary presence has generated increasing critical interest. Animal studies, a relatively new interdisciplinary field, calls attention to the accelerating exploitation of animals in the period of industrial modernity and questions what it is possible to know about animals' own experiences. Foundational theoretical approaches to understanding the historical and philosophical condition of thinking about animals—John Berger's "Why Look at Animals?" (1972), Thomas Nagel's "What Is It Like to Be a Bat?" (1974), and Jacques Derrida's "The Animal That Therefore I Am (More to Follow)" (2002)—propose a fundamental aporia or gap between human and animal experiences, and they caution against the projection of anthropocentric categories onto animal lives. Many novels from this recent period likewise treat animals as charismatic strangers. Yet other contemporary literature sometimes reimagines human-animal relationships to insist on affinity and continuity. In such novels, animals prompt diverse and often experimental stylistic choices that put pressure on the novel's traditional association with everyday life, the individual self, the boundaries of the nation, and empirical observation more broadly. Still, many recent novels remain essentially committed to a realist tradition. Some of these—most notably by J. M. Coetzee—depict relations of care between humans and often vulnerable or dependent animals that prompt reflection on the meaning of ethical action. In novels that purport to narrate from animals' own perspective, writers likewise meditate on the ethics of interspecies relations as they use language innovatively in an effort to realistically evoke the sensorium of another species. Pushing the boundaries of realism, other novels reinvent the animal fable, using varying degrees of fantasy to imagine wild or domesticated animals as tropes that reflect upon human embodiment, community, and politics. Whether realist or fabulist, the novels of contemporary postcolonial and world literature particularly explore the power and limits of mapping histories of human belonging and domination onto animal figures, even as they often highlight the limitations of these comparisons. Not all of these approaches are equally invested in creating a literature that could materially impact the lives of animals in an era of diminishing biodiversity. However, uniting this varied and ever-growing array of novels is a question of how literature can represent the lives of intimately entangled bodies in a globalizing world.
Archipelagoes and Oceania in Asian American and Pacific Islander Literary Studies
Harrod J. Suarez
What is the difference between studying an archipelago and studying archipelagically? As research in literary critical studies has shown, the difference is significant and what results from each profoundly distinct and possibly at odds with each other. If one approaches the archipelago as an empirical entity—that is, as a chain of islands—there has been the tendency to regard it as smaller and more isolated than other geographic formations, which then determines its marginalization even when working with the advent of transnational and postcolonial rubrics. On the other hand, if the archipelago, following Édouard Glissant and others, is conceptualized as a mode of analysis, then studying different landscapes, histories, narratives, and cultures becomes an altogether different endeavor. Using such approaches to animate the relationship between Oceania and Asian American and Pacific Islander literary studies has been the focus of numerous critics working at the intersections of these and other fields. A controversy that received national media attention framed certain of the stakes involved in the effort to address Oceania, a moment of representational crisis that produced rich responses and galvanized efforts to deal rigorously with the field's heterogeneity, hybridity, and multiplicity. The resulting epistemological pursuits seem to emphasize the need to study archipelagically, opening up new frameworks and problematics crucial for reimagining the place of Oceania in diverse fields.
Australian Women's Poetry and Feminism
Ann Vickery
"Women's poetry" as a marketing and pedagogic category emerged in the 1970s alongside second-wave feminism. To map the emergence of women's poetry in and of Australia requires exploring the role of gender in poetic authorship and how the field of Australian poetry has changed in light of feminist movements and theories. Women have used poetry to cross between public and private spheres, to assert an individual and often collective voice, and to critique gender's intersection with other constitutive identities such as nation and race. While poetry has provided a highly significant means of linguistic transformation and social activism, it has sometimes been viewed as too limiting for feminist writers. Similarly, while the category of "women's poetry" was strategically empowering in particular periods, it has also been viewed as generating exclusions and marginalization. Feminism has developed both historically and culturally, with the valency of various feminisms in Australia being tested through processes of institutionalization and social change at both a local and global level.
Contemporary Australian Literary Culture
Beth Driscoll
Contemporary Australian literary culture is formed through networks of institutions that support writing and reading. This infrastructure, itself shaped by Australia's history as a former British colony and its current status as a medium-sized market in a global book industry, creates specific conditions for the production and reception of Australian literature. Institutions do not comprise the whole of Australian literary culture, and many individuals and groups position themselves as outsiders, or as members of counter-networks. Nonetheless, the work done by literary organizations enables significant acts of writing, access to reading, and debates about the role of literature in contemporary Australian society.
Six networks are key to Australia's literary culture. First, publishing in Australia is structured by a mix of local offices of multinational companies and independent presses, whose list building—and consequent effects on Australian authors and readers—is influenced by their market position and capacity for digital innovation. Distribution of books in contemporary Australia occurs through libraries and bookshops; book retail is predominantly a mix of online bookshops, independent bookstores, and discount department stores, following the closure of many Australian big-box bookshops and chain stores in 2011. Australia has a growing network of literary festivals, including flagship events that attract tens of thousands of readers as well as focused events that nurture particular genres or groups of writers. Australia's calendar of literary prizes also supports writers, builds canons, and maintains the visibility of literary culture. These expansive networks are complemented by the smaller, though influential, readerships of Australian literary magazines, which foster new writing and drive cultural debates. Finally, schools and universities institutionalize Australian writing through their curricula and increasingly provide training and employment for writers. Together, these active networks provide an outline for the form of contemporary Australian literary culture.
Contemporary Literature from Singapore
Weihsin Gui
Literature in Singapore is written in the country's four official languages: Chinese, English, Malay, and Tamil. The various literatures flourished in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with the rise of print culture in the British colony, but after independence in 1965, English became emphasized in both the education system and society at large as part of the new government's attempts to modernize the country. Chinese, Malay, and Tamil were seen as mother tongue languages to provide Singaporeans with cultural ballast while English was regarded as a language for administration, business, and scientific and technological development. Correspondingly, literatures in other languages than English reached a plateau in terms of writerly output and readership during the 1970s and 1980s. However, since 1999, with the state's implementation of the Renaissance City Plan to revitalize arts and culture in Singapore, there have been various initiatives to increase the visibility of contemporary Singaporean writing both within the country itself and on an international scale. Translation plays a key role in bridging the linguistic and literary divides wrought by the state's mother tongue policies, with several works by Cultural Medallion winners in different languages translated into English, which remains at present the shared language in Singapore. Literary anthologies are also invaluable forms through which the concepts of a national literature and national identity are expressed and negotiated. A number of anthologies involving Singaporean authors and those from other countries also highlight the growing international presence of and interest in Singaporean literature. Several anthologies also focus on the topic of urban space, city life, and the rapid transformation of Singapore's physical environment. Writings about gender and sexuality have also become more prominent in single-author collections or edited anthologies, with writers exploring various inventive and experimental narrative forms. A number of poets and writers are also established playwrights, and theater has historically been and continues to be an extremely vital form of creative expression and cultural production. Graphic novels, crime and noir fiction, and speculative and science fiction publications are also on the rise, with the awarding of the Singapore Literature Prize to Sonny Liew's The Art of Charlie Chan Hock Chye signaling that these genres merit serious literary consideration. A number of literary publications and materials related to Singaporean literature can be found on the Internet, such as the journal Quarterly Literary Review Singapore, the website Singapore Poetry, and the database Poetry.sg. Various nonprofit organizations are also working toward increasing public awareness about literature through events such as Singapore Poetry Writing Month, the Migrant Worker Poetry Competition, the Singapore Writers Festival and National Poetry Festival, and also through projects that exhibit poetry in train stations and on public thoroughfares.
Continuity and Change in Postapartheid Fiction
Louise Bethlehem
What language is adequate to describe the coming into being of the new South Africa? What literary forms does newness take? What promises does the new "postapartheid fiction" deliver (or fail to deliver)? For many observers, the May 10, 1994, inauguration of Nelson Mandela as the first democratically elected president of South Africa captured the optimism of the political settlement that ended apartheid. Writers finally seemed able to suspend the imperatives of a literary culture oriented primarily toward political struggle. Yet while regime change informs "postapartheid fiction" in the literal sense of the term, literary and political periodization do not wholly coincide. The divisive legacies of racism are not easily dismissed. This understanding informs a category of writing often called "transitional literature" that emerges in tandem with South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC, 1996–1998) as the site where the new nation comes into being. Often autobiographical or confessional in tone, it remains bound up with the country's racist past. Transitional literature thus points toward the ambivalent nature of the "post" in "postapartheid fiction," which scholars argue functions here much like it does in the term "postcolonial." Both prioritize the continued unfolding of a long historical sequence rather than a punctual transition that abrogates the reckoning with the past.
"Post-transitional literature," in turn, includes fiction dating from roughly the second decade after the beginning of the political transition. A layered engagement with earlier writing and with the immediate past preserves the porous negotiation of temporality already at work in transitional literature. However, black writers in particular have stressed that the continuities between the apartheid regime and its democratic successor pertain less to the intertwining of temporalities than to political economy—given the nature of inequality in South Africa where class remains tightly bound up with race.
Postapartheid fiction is not merely the preserve of continuity, however. In South Africa, the preoccupation with race has given way to other vectors of subjectivity involving gender, sexual orientation, class, ethnicity, youth culture, and autochthony or foreignness, as well as their intersections. New concerns focused on gay and lesbian subjectivities, HIV/AIDS, or on the possibilities of conflict and conviviality opened up by the desegregated and increasingly cosmopolitan character of urban spaces, have accompanied a changing literary market. Newness proliferates through the devices of creative nonfiction, eco-fiction, and genre fiction. Crime fiction has become more popular. Partly serving as the index of social disorder in South Africa and partly as the arena where this disorder is worked through in fictional form, crime fiction tacitly offers the prospect of redress—however remote. Speculative fiction similarly pits utopian aspirations against dystopian skepticism, in dialogue with Afrofuturism elsewhere on the continent. Intra-African lines of influence, and indeed of migration, announce new pathways for literary expression in English. Afrikaans literature has similarly come to assimilate transnational and diasporic motifs. Using the idea of "postapartheid fiction" to convey the exceptionalism—rather than distinctiveness—of contemporary South African writing may thus have run its course. This is itself a telling marker of how far South African literature has come since the fall of the apartheid regime.
Factory Girl Literature across the World
Ruth Barraclough
Factory girl literature emerged as a powerful critique of the culture of industrialization, delving into mills, canneries and sweatshops to detail the lives of the women and girls who generated industrial development. First appearing in 19th-century Euro-American fiction, from the early 20th century, the form has been dominated by authors writing from Asia. Penned by working women themselves, many of these autobiographies, memoirs, short stories and novels have become literary classics in their own language but their translation and dissemination was impeded by Cold War qualms about sponsoring 'leftist culture'. Factory girl literature is related to broader categories of industrial and proletarian literature that underline the agency of working-class protagonists. It is unique in highlighting the sexed figure of industrialization and this focus on the gendered experience of rapid development uncovers the costs of the sexual and class violence of industrial life for women. A genealogy of factory girl literature reveals the importance of writing and authorship in labor activism, and feminist politics.
The Indian Novel in the 21st Century
Amardeep Singh
The Indian novel has been a vibrant and energetic expressive space in the 21st century. While the grand postcolonial gestures characteristic of the late-20th-century Indian novel have been in evidence in new novels by established authors such as Vikram Chandra, Amitav Ghosh, and Salman Rushdie, a slate of new authors has emerged in this period as well, charting a range of new novelistic modes. Some of these authors are Kiran Desai, Aravind Adiga, Githa Hariharan, Samina Ali, Karan Mahajan, and Amitava Kumar. In general, there has been a move away from ambitious literary fiction in the form of the "huge, baggy monster" that led to the publication of several monumental postcolonial novels in the 1980s and 1990s; increasingly the most dynamic and influential Indian writing uses new novelistic forms and literary styles tied to the changing landscape of India's current contemporary social and political problems. The newer generation of authors has also eschewed the aspiration to represent the entirety of life in modern India, and instead aimed to explore much more limited regional and cultural narrative frameworks. If a novel like Rushdie's Midnight's Children (1981) took its protagonist all over the Indian subcontinent and indexed a large number of important historical controversies in the interest of broad representation, Padma Viswnanathan's The Toss of a Lemon (2008) limits itself to a focus on a single Tamil Brahmin family's orientation to issues of caste and gender, and remains effectively local to Tamil Nadu. There is no central agenda or defining idiom of this emerging literary culture, but three major groupings can be identified that encapsulate the major themes and preoccupations of 21st-century Indian fiction: "New Urban Realism," "Gender and Secular History," and "Globalizing India, Reinscribing the Past."
Indigenous Literature in Postwar Australia
Michael R. Griffiths
Indigenous people in Australia have used inscriptive practices for at least 65,000 years and have employed alphabetic writing extensively since contact with Europeans, but the latter half of the 20th century saw an even wider explosion of indigenous writing in Australia. Aboriginal writers have worked across all modes: poetry (beginning with Oodgeroo Noonuccal in the 1960s), theater (flourishing in the 1970s with the National Black Theatre and spreading as far afield as Western Australia with the formation of Jack Davis's Yirra Yaakin Aboriginal Theatre Company), the novel, and the proliferation of life writing in the 1980s. In each case, indigenous writing in postwar Australia balances the aesthetic with the political, drawing in transnational influences while also foregrounding local concerns.
National Identity in Australian Literature
Tanya Dalziell
On January 1, 1901, Australia became a nation; six British colonies—New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Queensland, Western Australia, and Tasmania—joined to form the Commonwealth of Australia. At the time of Federation, debates raged over who or what constituted a new national type; the forms best suited to convey the values these figures represented; and the proper settings for their stories. These arguments were had not only with aesthetic interests in mind but with a conscious awareness, or conviction, that literature had a special role to play in establishing what was (thought to be) unique about this new nation. Alliances between literature and the Australian nation have been observed, perpetuated, and contested since at least the last decades of the 19th century, and the result has been multiple imaginings of Australia with many conflicting ideas and interests at play. From the notion that Australia, as a "new nation," might present white women with the opportunity to shed oppressive gender identities to indigenous knowledge systems questioning the very idea and authority of the nation, literary imaginings of Australia speak to national myths and political interventions alike.
Temporality and Literary Theory
Theodore Martin
Time is not a strictly literary category, yet literature is unthinkable without time. The events of a story unfold over time. The narration of that story imposes a separate order of time (chronological, discontinuous, in medias res). The reading of that narrative may take its own sweet time. Then there is the fact that literature itself exists in time. Transmitted across generations, literary texts cannot help but remind us of how times have changed. In doing so, they also show us how prior historical moments were indelibly shaped by their own specific philosophies and technologies of timekeeping—from the forms of sacred time that informed medieval writing; to the clash between national time and natural history that preoccupied the Romantics; to the technological standardization of time that shaped 19th-century literature; to the theories of psychological time that emerged in tandem with modernism; to the fragmented and foreshortened digital times that underlie postmodern fiction. Time, in short, shapes literature several times over: from reading experience to narrative form to cultural context. In this way, literature can be read as a peculiarly sensitive timepiece of its own, both reflecting and responding to the complex and varied history of shared time.
Over the course of the 20th century, literary time has become an increasingly prominent issue for literary critics. Time was first installed at the heart of literary criticism by way of narrative theory and narratology, which sought to explain narrative's irreducibly temporal structure. Soon, though, formalist and phenomenological approaches to time would give way to more historically and politically attuned methods, which have emphasized modern time's enmeshment in imperialism, industrial capitalism, and globalization. In today's critical landscape, time is a crucial and contested topic in a wide range of subfields, offering us indispensable insights into the history and ideology of modernity; the temporal politics of nationalism, colonialism, and racial oppression; the alternate timescales of environmental crisis and geological change; and the transformations of life and work that structure postmodern and postindustrial society.
Twenty-First-Century West Indian Fiction
Sheri-Marie Harrison
West Indian fiction in the 21st century continues a tradition begun in the late 1990s as the fourth generation of Anglophone Caribbean writing. Though West Indian writing dates back to the early 19th century, West Indian literature began coalescing into a discrete field of study in the 1930s, motivated in large part by the political imperatives of anti-colonialism, political independence, and decolonization. Much of the fiction published in the late 90s to the present continues to adhere to the realist mode of representing Caribbean life—both in the region and in diaspora—as well as thematic engagements with decolonization, cultural nationalism, migration, diaspora, race, class, gender, and sexuality. Historical novels, modernist narratives, coming-of-age stories, and neoslave narratives remain significant features of West Indian fiction, in ways that are geared toward negotiating sovereign realties for individuals and communities that share a history of colonial domination, slavery, indentureship, and more recently, depleted cultural nationalisms.
In the last decade, scholars in the field have begun the work of theorizing the recent fictional output as constituting its own discrete moment in literary development. What is distinct about contemporary writing is the way in which some authors have begun to ironically rework now-familiar forms, themes, and politics of West Indian writing. Some recent West Indian fiction produces atypical, often incomprehensible, and ultimately dissonant conclusions designed to complicate the political priorities of previous generations. This ironic approach typifies 21st-century West Indian fiction's skepticism about the nation building and identity politics developed in previous waves—in particular, the conflation of identity with sovereignty. At the same time, this fiction doesn't simply reject earlier modes: one of its defining aesthetic features is a re-inhabitation of the central forms and politics of preceding waves, in order to complicate them.
The central feature of the fourth generation of West Indian fiction, then, is a continued engagement with the region's history of colonization, slavery, and decolonization that is also marked by critical and self-reflexive engagements with the Caribbean literary tradition.