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The word "Bible" had its origins in an ancient
The word "Bible" had its origins in an ancient [[Phoenicia]]n seaport called [[Byblos]], which was so-named as a result of the trade and manufacture of writing material based on the [[papyrus]] or byblos reed, used extensively in antiquity for making [[scroll]]s and [[book]]s. The [[Greek language|Greek]] word ''biblos'' was based upon this, and it came to be the word for ''book'' (a small book was termed ''biblion''), and by the 2nd century A.D. Greek [[Christianity|Christians]] had called the Scriptures ''ta Biblia'' ('''τα βιβλία''' ''the books''), which was transferred to [[Latin]] by dropping the ''ta''; the word made its way to [[Old French]] where the plural was dropped in favor of the singular, hence becoming the [[English]] word ''Bible''. (Unger, pg 143; Moulton; Blass)
==Books of the Bible==
==Books of the Bible==
Revision as of 17:15, 17 June 2009
See also
The Bible, or the Holy Scriptures, is the collection of texts sacred to Judaism and Christianity, and consists of two parts: the thirty-nine books of the Jewish faith known as the Tanakh, or the Old Testament, to which additional books are recognized by Christians; and the twenty-seven books and letters of the New Testament of the Christian faith. Originally written in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek, the Bible has been translated in more than two thousand languages; in terms of sales and distribution the Bible is the most-widely distributed, largest-selling book in history;[1] the over-all influence and impact the Bible has had on literature, culture, and history is beyond calculation. Most Christians, Protestant and Catholic, agree on the books of the New Testament, but the Protestant Bible includes 66 books of the Old Testament while the Catholic Bible includes an extra 7 books, for a total of 73.[2] The Protestant Bible has 593,493 words in the Old Testament and 181,253 words in the New Testament.[3]
- 1 Name
- 2 Books of the Bible
- 3 Non-uniformity of language and style of original Scriptures
- 4 Authority of Bible in religious communities
- 5 Evangelical Understanding of the History of the Bible
- 6 Translations
- 7 Printing
- 8 English language versions of the Bible
- 9 Bible Scientific Foreknowledge
- 10 Humor in the Bible
- 11 Bible Versions
- 12 See also
- 13 External links
- 14 Bibliography
- 15 References
The word "Bible" had its origins in an ancient Phoenician seaport called Byblos, which was so-named as a result of the trade and manufacture of writing material based on the papyrus or byblos reed, used extensively in antiquity for making scrolls and books. The Greek word biblos was based upon this, and it came to be the word for book (a small book was termed biblion), and by the 2nd century A.D. Greek Christians had called the Scriptures ta Biblia (τα βιβλία the books), which was transferred to Latin by dropping the ta; the word made its way to Old French where the plural was dropped in favor of the singular, hence becoming the English word Bible. (Unger, pg 143; Moulton; Blass)
Books of the Bible
The Old Testament
|Old Testament layout
|1st Samuel
|2nd Samuel
|1st Kings
|The Minor Prophets
|2nd Kings
|1st Chronicles
|2nd Chronicles
|Song of Songs
|Song of Solomon
|The Minor Prophets
|Dates of each Book
|Old Testament
|New Testament
|Genesis, 1440-1400 B.C.
|Matthew, A.D. 60-65
|Exodus, 1440-1400 B.C.
|Mark, A.D. 60-65
|Leviticus, 1440-1400 B.C.
|Luke, A.D. 58-65
|Numbers, 1440-1400 B.C.
|John, A.D. 95
|Deuteronomy, 1440-1400 B.C.
|Acts, A.D. 58-65
|Joshua, 1400-1360 B.C.
|Romans, A.D. 58
|Judges, c. 1020 B.C.
|1st Corinthians, A.D. 57
|Ruth, c. 1090 B.C.
|2nd Corinthians, A.D. 57
|1st Samuel
|Galatians, A.D. 56
|2nd Samuel
|Ephesians, A.D. 62-63
|1st Kings, 609-600 B.C.
|Philippians, A.D. 58-60
|2nd Kings, 609-600 B.C.
|Colosians, A.D. 61-63
|1st Chronicles, c. 400 B.C.
|1st Thessalonians, A.D. 52
|2nd Chronicles, c. 400 B.C.
|2nd Thessalonians, A.D. 53
|Ezra, c. 400 B.C.
|1st Timothy, A.D. 62-65
|Nehemiah, c. 400 B.C.
|2nd Timothy, A.D. 65-66
|Esther, 464-425 B.C.
|Titus, A.D. 65
|Job, 1440-1400 B.C.
|Philemon, A.D. 65
|Psalms, 1004-965 B.C.
|Hebrews, A.D. 63-64
|Proverbs, 965-925 B.C.
|James, A.D. 63-64
|Eccleisiastes, 965-925 B.C.
|1st Peter, A.D. 64
|Song of Solomon, 965-925 B.C.
|2nd Peter, A.D. 65
|Isaiah, 785-697 B.C.
|1st John, A.D. 90-100
|Jeremiah, 587-538 B.C.
|2nd John, A.D. 90-100
|Lamentations, 587-538 B.C.
|3rd John, A.D. 90-100
|Ezekiel, 592-572 B.C.
|Jude, c. A.D. 70-75
|Daniel, 539-520 B.C.
|Revelation, A.D. 96-98
|Hosea, 753-731 B.C.
|Joel, 835-796 B.C.
|Amos, 787-747 B.C.
|Obadiah, 848-841 B.C.
|Jonah, 771-754 B.C.
|Micah, 715-687 B.C.
|Nahum, 661-612 B.C.
|Habbakuk, 625-608 B.C.
|Zephaniah, 621-608 B.C.
|Haggai, 520 B.C.
|Zechariah, 520 B.C.
|Malachi, 455 B.C.
The Old Testament, also called the Hebrew Bible or Tanakh, consists of thirty-nine books. The books themselves were originally written in Hebrew, and later on in the Aramaic language of Palestine; the Greek language version written after the conquest of Alexander the Great is known as the Septuagint. Melito, a bishop of Sardis in Lydia (in what is now Turkey), is said to have coined the phrase Old Testament about A.D. 170. The Old Testament is divided in three parts (hence, "Tanakh") within the Jewish community: the Torah ("Law"), or Pentateuch, the five books of Moses; Nevi'im ("Prophets"), and Ketuvim ("Writings," or Hagiographa). Here the arrangement of the books differs somewhat from the Old Testament as used by Christians, however the actual writing of each book remains the same. The Christian order of the the books of the Bible follow the Chronology of the events and the personages being related, while in the Jewish order, though there is a chronological framework, the order follows more the importance, influence, "weight of usage" within Judaism. Thus, for orthodox Judaism, The Torah of Moses (the 5 books of Moses) come first, and are the most authoritative of all Scripture. Under the Pharasaic theory that the Moses was given the Oral law explicating how the written law was to be applied, at the same time as he was given the written law contained in the Bible, and that oral law passed on through the generations, the Mishna and the Gemara composing the Talmud is equally authoritative with the Torah of Moses. Then the Prophets come next in authority. But the Prophets are broader than considered by the Christian ordering. The Prophets do include what Christians call the Former and the Latter, or the Major and the Minor prophets, but it also includes what Christinns consider History - such as the books of the Kings. The last in authority for every day life of the Jew in terms of "regulation", actually form a great influence in the Synagogue worship - the Writings, with a heavy emphasis on the Psalms.
The Five books of Moses, in their Hebrew and English names:
- Bereisheet ("in the beginning"), or Genesis
- Shemot ("names"), or Exodus
- Vayikra ("and God called"), or Leviticus
- Bemidbar ("in the Wilderness"), or Numbers
- Devarim ("words"), or Deuteronomy
The first eleven chapters of Genesis provide the account of the Creation, the history of God's early relationship with humanity, and the Deluge of Noah. The remaining thirty-nine chapters detail the account of God's covenant with the early Hebrew nation, led by the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac and Jacob (or Israel), and one of Jacob's children, Joseph. It tells the beginnings of God's chosen people, of how God commanded Abraham to leave his family and home to settle in the land of Canaan, and how the Children of Israel later moved to Egypt. The remainder of the Torah, beginning with Exodus, tells the story of the great Hebrew leader Moses, and of the Hebrews through their sojourn and slavery in Egypt, their escape from bondage, and their wanderings in the desert until they finally enter the Promised Land.
The Nevi'im ("Prophets") is the story of the rise toward, and ultimately reaching, the Hebrew monarchy; the sad period of anarchy and revolt leading to the division into the two kingdoms of Judah and Israel; and the prophets who judged the kings of both in God's name. It ends with the conquest of both kingdoms and the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem. The Minor Prophets are considered a single book in the Nevi'um; in Christianity they have been split into twelve separate books and named for their authors.
- Joshua
- Judges
- I Samuel
- II Samuel
- I Kings
- II Kings
- Isaiah
- Jeremiah
- Ezekiel
- The Minor Prophets
The Ketuvim, or "Writings," contain lyrical poetry, philosophical reflections on life, and the writings of the prophets and other Jewish leaders during the exile in Babylon.
- Psalms
- Proverbs
- Book of Job
- Song of Songs, also called Song of Solomon in the Christian Bible.
- Book of Ruth
- Lamentations
- Ecclesiastes
- Esther
- Daniel
- Ezra, divided into the two books of Ezra and Nehemiah in the Christian Bible.
- Books of Chronicles
David has been named as the author of the Psalms; Solomon is believed to have written Song of Songs in his youth, the Proverbs in his prime, and Ecclesiastes during his old age. The prophet Jeremiah is thought to have written the aptly-named Lamentations at the beginning of the exile in Babylon. The Book of Ruth is the only biblical book that centers entirely on a non-Jew, a Moabite who married a Jew and became an ancestor of both David and Jesus Christ. Esther is unique as it is the only book in the Bible not to mention God. Moses is considered to be the author of Job.
Old Testament Apocrypha
The Apocrypha was written during the four hundred years between the last book of the Old Testament and the birth of Christ. The term itself comes from the Greek word apokruphos ("hidden" or "concealed"), and although they have an actual history and literary value, the fourteen books which make up the Apocrypha have been rejected as canonical by both the Jewish faith and most denominations of the Christian church due to historical, geographical, or literal inaccuracies; the teaching of doctrines which contradict inspired Scripture; and a lack of elements and structure which give genuine Scripture its unique characteristic (Unger, pg. 70). The Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches, among others, include the Apocrypha in their versions of the Bible, considering them to be canonical.
The Apocryphal books had been used in both Israel and Egypt and are part of the Old Testament in the Greek language used by Jews all over the Greek speaking world - particularly Alexandria, Egypt. This version is called the Septuaginta. The Septuaginta fell into disuse among Jews for two reasons - 1. Greek speaking Christians were using the Septuaginta in their efforts to bring Jews to faith in Jesus Christ 2. A number of the Apocryphal books were also apocalyptic, that is, focusing on the last days, the KIngdom of God in battle against the kingdoms of this world and the downfall of this world's empires. This was considered dangerous and liable to provoke Rome against the Jews. Alternative Greek translations to the Septuaginta, which was considered "loose", were adopted by the Rabbis. These were the translations of three proselytes to Judaism, Theodosious, Aquillas, and Symmachus. The Jewish Rabbinic "Council" of Jamnia (Yavneh on the Mediterraenian coast of Israel) in 90 A.D., under the leadership of Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai, effectively excluded the Apocraphal books (along with the Septuaginta) from the Jewish Canon by requiring, for a book to be considered canonical, that it have been written in Hebrew (and Aramaic). Actually, a number of the apocryphal books, or portions thereof, had been written originally in Hebrew, most notably, the Book of Ben Sirach (Ecclesiasticus) found in Hebrew at Qumran with the rest of the Dead Sea Scrolls, but this was unknown to Yohanan Ben Zakkai and the Council of Jamnia in the first century. Under the impetus of Renaissance learning, Protestant scholars, now able to translate the Bible directly from the original languages of Hebrew and Greek, instead of having to go through the Latin Vulgate, went directly to the Hebrew text. But this was the Hebrew text (eventually to be called the "Massoretic text") of the canon of books that had been authorized by the Council of Jamnia. In this way, most Protestant churches came to not include the Apocryphal books in their Canon of Scripture.
The following are the books which are most frequently referred to by the title Apocrypha:
- 1 Esdras
- 2 Esdras
- 1 Maccabees
- 2 Maccabees
- Book of Tobit
- Book of Judith
- Book of Wisdom
- Ecclesiasticus, also known as Sirach
- Book of Baruch
- Epistle of Jeremiah is sometimes listed as separate book or the last chapter of Baruch
- Prayer of Manasseh
- Greek language additions to the Book of Esther
Additions to the book of Daniel
Between 90-95 A.D. the Jewish Council of Jamnia revised the canon of the Old Testament, ensuring that the books involved conformed to the Torah, were written in the Hebrew language, written in Palestine, and written before 400 B.C. As a result, the Apocrypha was removed from the canon. [4]
The New Testament
The New Testament is a collection of twenty-seven books and letters, written by the early Christian community, and written primarily in Greek. The emphasis of the New Testament is the life, teachings, and gift of salvation from the central figure of the whole work, Jesus of Nazareth. These books are grouped into the following:
The Gospels
The Gospels contain the history of Jesus. The Acts of the Apostles are a continuance of the Gospels, documenting the history of the early church, beginning immediately following Jesus' death and resurrection. Of the authors, only Matthew and John had met Jesus; they were among His disciples during His earthly ministry. Mark was a companion of Peter, and his gospel was the first to be written down, about A.D. 50. Luke is considered the author of both his gospel and the Acts.
Pauline Epistles
These are letters written to various early Christian communities by the Apostle Paul.
- Epistle to the Romans
- First Epistle to the Corinthians
- Second Epistle to the Corinthians
- Epistle to the Galatians
- Epistle to the Philippians
- Epistle to Philemon
- First Epistle to the Thessalonians
- Second Epistle to the Thessalonians
- Epistle to the Ephesians
- Epistle to the Colossians
- First Epistle to Timothy
- Second Epistle to Timothy
- Epistle to Titus
- Epistle to the Hebrews
Paul has been attributed by many as the author of Epistle to the Hebrews, but several others, such as Barnabas, Silas, Stephen, Apollos and Priscilla are also claimed to be the author. The controversy, however, does not affect the genuiness of the epistle. (Unger, pg. 748)
General Epistles
- Epistle of James
- First Epistle of Peter
- Second Epistle of Peter
- First Epistle of John
- Second Epistle of John
- Third Epistle of John
- Epistle of Jude
The Book of Revelation is the last work in the New Testament as well as the whole Bible, written close to A.D. 100 by the Apostle John during his exile on the Greek island of Patmos. Revelation is concerned with the condition of the Seven Churches of Asia before going deeply into a description of the Last Days prior to the beginning of the Millennial Age.
Most Fundamentalists hold to "Dispensationalism", a theory of the meaning of Revelations and other prophecies that was developed in the 19th century and is summarized in the Scofield Reference Bible (1909, 1917).
Non-uniformity of language and style of original Scriptures
Both the Old Testament and the New Testament, in the original languages of Hebrew (and Aramaic) and Greek, exhibit a non uniformity of style and language. This is in sharp contrast to most modern translations which treat the Scriptures throughout as if it was one book instead the many books they are. Modern translations can be erudite, dignified, folksy and common, clear and geared for the "common man", or replete with language resonant with literary associations for the "accomplished" reader. But they are that way througout. The Biblical originals, on the other hand, for example in the Hebrew, have imbedded within narrative of one period, as the narrative of the deeds of the prophets Debora, a similar poetic recounting in a much more ancient and even archaic Hebrew, probably emanating from a chant from the time of Deborah herself. The same with the narrative and poetic portions concerning Moses. There are even different Hebrew languages from the same period but different authors, having come from different origins and cultural levels.
For the New Testament, an example of non-uniformity can be found in the stark differences of languages in the Gospel of Luke, written by Luke the physician. The early accounts, those concerning the birth of Jesus and early life, are written in a stilted and often crude Greek while the rest of the Gospel is written in fine Greek befitting of the background and ability of a learned physician. But when the stilted and crude Greek is retranslated, word for word and phrase for phrase, into the Hebrew current in the first century in most parts of Israel, it becomes excellent Hebrew - Mishnaic Hebrew. This is because of the intent and fastidiousness of Luke, who derived his material, as he says, from people that had been "on the scene" , and his success in transmitting it faithfully as he had received it. Both the Old and New Testaments, for various reasons, exhibit little or no concern to "level through" or override the content of what they are saying by stylistic considerations.
Although the Old Testament is written by many human authors, New Testament authors claim that these men were writing under the inspiration of God.
The apostle Paul wrote that "All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness" (2 Timothy 3:16). Similarly the apostle Peter wrote, "Above all, you must understand that no prophecy of Scripture came about by the prophet's own interpretation. For prophecy never had its origin in the will of man, but men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit" (2 Peter 1:20-21).
Formation of New Testament and Jewish technical transmission: In the first century and prior, the ear was more important than the eye, as far as retaining in memory. Jews would receive orally, that is, from hearing, the laws that they believed originated with Moses and then passed them on to others, down through the generations.It was important to link the present rabbis by names who taught it with the rabbis by name who had passed it on to them, on back as far as possible to Moses on Mt. Sinai. This was the startling difference of Jesus. By saying "You have heard it said, but I say unto you..." , He was by-passing Moses and the others after and getting His teaching direct from the Father.
This Jewish way of receiving (QBL) and handing on (MSR) is summed up in the lead saying of the "Ethics of the Fathers" tractate of the Mishna, "Moses received Torah from God at Sinai. He transmitted it to Joshua, Joshua to the elders, the elders to the prophets, the prophets to the members of the Great Assembly [Sanhedrin] (1:1)." The teaching thus transmitted was memorized word for word by groups of disciples (Talmidim) together, thereby minimizing, by the common knowledge and plublic repetitions, all innovations and errors, though there might well have been "stylizing" for ease of retention and recall. receiving and handing on (transmission), receiving and handing on.
This methodology, with its technical Hebrew terminology appears in the New Testament with the same technical meaning and purpose, for how the earliest Christian teaching was carried on prior to the formation of the New Testament and during the time of its formation. This ensured the validity of the teaching and its authenticity going back, not to Moses, but to the time of Jesus Himself. "For I handed over (Gk. pare'doka, Heb. MSR) to you at the first what I also received (Gk. pare'labon, Heb. QBL) that Christ died for our sins, according to the Scriptures, and that He was raised on the third day, according to the Scriptures..." l Cor. 15:3. Paul knew all of the "deposit of faith" three ways, in the usual "collaborative" way of God - from Scriptures (the Old Testament), from experience (seeing the living Christ on the road to Damascas), and from authenticated oral tradition/transmission involving "receiving" and "handing on".
Authority of Bible in religious communities
The role of the Bible in the life of differing communities varies widely by both the inner tenents of the community and the outer influences bearing on the community.
Orthodox Judaism through the centuries, while it was only marginally affected bygrowing secularization and modern learning, held to a "differing level of level of authority" understanding of the authority of the Hebrew Bible. This did not imply a different level of inspiration, but rather that importance to the regulation of life was prime for the Torah of Moses, the 5 books of the Law. But the Pharasaic teaching also posited an Oral Law given to Moses by God that was passed on throught the centuries through Joshua, the prophets, pairs of Rabbis, until this day. The Oral law is found in the Talmud (Mishna and the Gemara together) The oral law became the decisive interpreter, teacher and regulator of the Written Law and determined the course of Jewish Orthodox life. The second section of the Old Testament, the Prophets, is known to the Jewish Community primarily through the synagogue readings of the prophets. the Haftorah, that are assigned to conclude the weekly reading of the Law. The Psalms, the most formative of all the Writings, besides being common throughout the synagogue services, are used in various devotional prayer contexts. Orthodox Judaism has little been affected by modern Higher Criticism of the Bible. Reformed Judaism, originally developed in Germany, and Conservative Judaism, to a lesser extent, has been greatly affected.
Mainline Protestants
Mainline Protestantism, represented in the major churches and their seminaries, has greatly been affected by "modernism" based on advanced scholarly research, especially from Germany in the 19th century. The "Higher Criticism" ignored God's participation in the production of Scripture. Prime among these theories is the Documentary theory of Penteteuch origins (Wellhausen- Graff) that posit that Moses wrote little or nothing, Instead the Bible originated in four sources coming from various periods. These are sources are termed J (for the use of "Jehovah" for the name of God), E (for the use of "Elohim"), P (priestly), and D (Deutoronomic). The spirit of the New Testament is far more important than the text of either Testament for modern Protestant theology.
Orthodox Jewish ctritique of Documentary theory: Jewish Orthodox scholars have pointed to flaws of the Documentary hypothesis. For instance, Orthodox Jewish Scholar Cassuto has pointed out that rather than the names for God varying according to author and period, they vary according to emphasis from the same period, that of Moses - "Jehovah" being used for the God in his dealing with His covenental people Israel, and "Elohim" being use when His dealing with mankind are emphasis. Likewise the two terms usually translated "making a covenant", lkhrot brit (to "cut" a covenant) and lehaqim brit (to "raise" a covenenat) are not from two sources but mean different things - to initiate a covenant and to fulfill a covenant.
Evangelical Protestants
Evangelical Protestantism belives strongly in the divine inspiration and inerrancy of the whole Bible and has been the most receptive of Biblical Authority. Believing in full inspiration of the all Scripture does not mean to evangelicalism equal importance of all Scriptures for the healthy growth of the Christian community. This is because Evangelicalism, following Scripture's own understanding, believes in progressive revelation throughout Biblical time, culminating in Jesus Christ, and no further (thus obviating the role of Tradition). Thus Evangelicalism, does not hold to the application of Mosaic Legislation, and other biblical elements that Orthodox Judaism holds to. This applies to faith and to morals. The Mosaic regulation on executing a rebellious child does not present a problem to evangelical thought as, according to Paul and Hebrews, the Law has been rendered obsolete by the New Covenant. The Destruction of the Temple and the place for sacrifice of all kinds, present no problem for evangelicalism, as they did for Judasim, as Christ's sacrifice on the cross has now "fulfilled" the proscriptions of the Law and the ceremonials attached. Thus there is a sort of Levels of Authority understanding for evangelicalism similar (but for different reasons) to the levels of authority of Judaism.
Evangelical Churches vigorously promote the reading of Scripture through Sunday sermons and Bible study programs. Emphasis is placed on "each one understanding". Coupled with American individualism, and lack of tradional vehicles of authority, this sometimes leads to spinterring and each man's interpretation "is as good as any other". Nevertheless, the "Fiundamentals" defined in 1910 are strongly retained by the Evangelical Churches - the divinity of Christ, His death for sins and Resurrection from the dead, His second coming.
Eastern Orthodox
The Orthodox Churches througout the world, whether of Greek, Russian, Rumanian, the various middle eastern varieties, emphasis the synod (Council) of Bishops, basis on the example of the "Council" of Jerusalem in the book of Acts, as the God authorized agent of interpretation and application of the Scriptures. Understanding that Jesus' words, " He (the Holy Spirit) wil lead you into all truth", Orthodoxy believes that the synod of bishops, none of whom are individually infallible, are given guidance from the Holy Spirit so that the Scriptures are rightly applied to the Christian Community enabling the Church to never stray from Christ. That is, the Church is given "indefectability". A minority Orthodox Church thought holds to "infallibility" in synodal decision rather than or instead of "indefectability". Scripture in the Orthodox churches are butressed by creedal formulations, the decisions of belief of past synods, and are less susceptible to the modern Higher Criticism. The Resurrection of Christ, virgin birth, return of Christ from Heaven to Earth, are all part and parcel of these churches. Individual interpretation of Scripture and manner of life are limited then by the teaching authority (the magisterium) granted to the Epsicopate - the Synod of bishops.
Roman Catholic
The Roman Catholic Church, like the Orthodox Churches have a strong sense of the Authority given to the Bishops by Christ to teach, interpret, defend the Faith and therefore to exercise the responsibility to interprete Scripture to the Faithful. But since Vatican ll, there has been an increased effort to bring Scripture knowledge to the laity and now there has been an increase of Scripture reading and study programs throughout most sections of the Church. This as been abetted by the Catholic Charismatic movement which has had the effect of promoting individual appropriation of the gifts and graces of the Holy Spirit and with that, the devotional and intellectual use of Holy Scriptures. However, the role of "Majesterium", that is the Teaching Authority, strongly sets limits to individual interpretation. The Roman Catholic church understands that though the Majesterium is given to all the bishops, the definitive exercise is limited to one bishop - the bishop ov Rome, the Pope. Further, it is believed that the Pope, when declaring dogma (teaching) ex-Cathedra (from the chair) speaks infaillibly (on matters of faith and morals). The first time the Pope has promulgated dogma ex-cathedra was to promulgate the doctrine itself of Papal Infallibility. The Pope , through the Vatican prelates and all the bishops can regulate much of Catholic community life, and some of the regualtion based on the interpretation of Scripture or the application of interporetation of Scripture. An example of this is the prohibition of abortion. The Church has accepted most of the modern Higher Critical methodology of Scripture, including the Documentary theory of origins first developed within German Protestantism. But the effects of this on the tenents of the Christian Faith are much mitigated due to the creedal affirmations of the Church developed centuries ago and Papal authority. This the Roman Catholic Church does not waver on the Deity of Christ, the Trinity, the death and resurrection of Christ, and the second comming.
Evangelical Understanding of the History of the Bible
Rejecting the "Higher Criticism" accepted by the mainline Protestant denominations, Evangelicals and many Catholics hold to a more traditional history of the Bible. This section summarizes their views.
The oldest books of the Bible are certainly the five books of the Torah and Job. In 1st Kings 6:1, Solomon is stated to have begun building the Temple "in the 480th year after the children of Israel were come up out of the land of Egypt". It had been established by scholars and historians that Solomon had begun building the Temple in the fourth year of his reign, or 961 B.C., making the date of the Exodus under Moses to have been 1441 B.C. During the following forty years Moses wrote the Torah and Job, completing them before his death at Mt. Nebo about 1400 B.C. According to Biblical scholar and historian Robert D. Wilson the Torah as it stands dates from the time of Moses, the five books constitute one continuous work, and was written by a single individual, Moses himself (Wilson, pg 11).
The remaining books of the Old Testament were written at various times since the death of Moses, with Malachi, the last Old Testament book, being written about 455 B.C. During this period each of the books was written and re-written on parchment or papyrus, with the editors taking great care in their work; a single Biblical book hand-written today can take weeks to complete. The older scrolls were disposed of by burial or systematic destruction when worn from normal usage; as a result, the oldest surviving examples of Biblical manuscripts are those which have been carefully preserved either by direct actions of people (such as monasteries), or by removal from forces of decay. Currently, the oldest surviving manuscripts are those found within the caves of Qumran in 1948 and known as the Dead Sea Scrolls, dating between 250 B.C. to A.D. 70; the complete Isaiah scroll of this collection dates to 150 B.C.
Around 200 B.C. the Septuagint, a Greek-language version of the Old Testament, was completed. This was due to the Hellenization of large areas of the Middle East after the conquest of Alexander the Great, making Greek the de-facto language for everyday communications and business. The Septuagint marks the first time in history that the Bible was translated into a foreign language.
Early New Testament history
In 1st Timothy 5:8, Paul quoted as scripture "the laborer is worthy of his hire." This line is found nowhere else in the Bible except Matthew 10:10 and Luke 5:7. In 2nd Peter 3:15-16, Peter classes Paul's letters with "other scriptures". Both lines are indicative of the writing down and general use of the New Testament prior to A.D. 60 (Halley, pg. 741-742). Spurious "gospels" which are known to have appeared by A.D. 100, make references to the New Testament. Clement of Rome, writing in his own letter to the Corinthians in A.D. 95, refers to Matthew, Luke, Corinthians, Hebrews, 1st Timothy, and 1st Peter (Halley, pg. 743).
The oldest surviving New Testament fragment of which there is a reliable date is the John Rylands Fragment (P52) of the Gospel of John, dating from 117-138 A.D., just decades from when the Gospel was first written. [5] The time span between the writing of the New Testament and the oldest surviving fragments are well under two hundred years. By comparison, Greek classics such as Herodotus, Plato, Euripides, and Homer have a time span well over a thousand years each between the date of the oldest known fragment of writing and the time period they were first written.
The Peshitta
The second translated version of the Hebrew Old Testament and the Greek New Testament (after the Greek Septuaginta) was the Aramaic language Peshitta. In 36 A.D., both the Queen of Adiabene (the last existing Province of the hated and feared by the Jews Assyrian Empire), known in Greek as Queen Helena (not the mother of Constantine) and known to the Jews as Queen ShlomZion ("Peace of Zion"), and her son King Ezad were converted to Judaism. Queen Helena's conversion, as wiell as others of the Kingdom, furthered the already developing translation of the Hebrew Scriptures in her Kingdom's language -Aramaic. That developing translation came to be known as the Peshitta - meaning simple or common speech, in much the same way as the Hebrew Bible would be translated into Latin by Jerome, with extensive help from a Rabbi,and the resultant translation would be called the Vulgate - meaning simple or common speech. The Peshitta, retaining elements of the then Jewish "Targumic" (interpretive) and other Jewish understandings of the Hebrew Bible (seeMidrash), is primarily based on the Pre-Masoretic Hebrew Scriptures - though certain books, such as the Prophet Isaiah,are translations primarily from the Septuagint The development of the Old Testament Peshitta translation is held by some to have taken place alternatively in Adiabene's nearby neighbor Edessa.
As Thomas and his followers went to India, others (possibly Adai (Thaddeus), the Galilean from Caesarea Phillipi among them) arrived in Adiabene, and having gone probaly to the synagogues first, as did the Apostle Paul), they found already, if not a populous, then an elite governmental element, conversant with the Biblical message in Aramaic. From these people, hearing the preaching of the messengers from Israel ,came believers in Jesus Christ, and soon after, came the translation of the Greek New Testament Scriptures into Aramaic, and so the Peshitta was added to by inclusion of the New Testament in Aramaic. Unlike the Greek canon of the New Testament Scriptures, the Peshitta originally did not include the following books: the Second Epistle of Peter, the Second Epistle of John, the Third Epistle of John, the Epistle of Jude and the Book of Revelation. But these books translated into the Syriac (as Christian Aramaic is known) are part of the Peshitta now and used by the Aramaic based churches, primarily in India and the Middle East - the Syrian Catholic Church, the Assyrian Church of the East (Holy Apostolic and Catholic Church of the East), the Indian Orthodox Church, the Chaldean Catholic Church, the Maronite Church, the Malankara Syrian Orthodox Church, the Syro-Malabar Church and the Syro-Malankara Catholic Church.
Adiabene and its surroundings then became the sending center for a mission to the East that would eventually, taking advantage of the newly rediscovered monsoon winds blowing for months across the Arabian sea, making it possible for ships to no longer hug the coasts, and taking advantage of the "Silk Road" all the way from Antioch in Syria to China, take the message of Jesus Christ to India (bringing about the Aramaic (Syriac) language churches of Kerala) and even to China itself. And so, the Peshitta, written in the Middle East, become the Scriptures, for a while, of the Far East Churches of Jesus Christ, particularly in India.
The Vulgate
Jerome, a Latin scholar deeply interested in the study of the Scriptures, completed the second edition of the Bible in the Latin language. The Vulgate was meant to replace the inaccuracies of the earlier Vetus Latina, the standard Bible of the early Catholic Church. Jerome had moved to Jerusalem in 382, and set to work on what eventually became a fresh translation of the Bible from the Greek of the Septuagint to translating the New Testament into Latin; from 390-405 he decided to re-translate his Old Testament directly from the Hebrew then in use by the Jewish community. The Vulgate had a marked influence in church history, and remained the standard Latin Bible in the Roman Catholic Church for centuries; such was the length of time in use that it was finally replaced by the Nova Vulgata in 1979.
Johannes Gutenberg of Mainz, Germany invented the first mechanical printing press in 1448. His machine consisted of a large press which when cranked down, pressed a sheet of paper upon a platform in which were set thousands of inked metal letter typefaces (called "movable type"), set in place to read for a particular page. The first book in history printed by this method was the Gutenberg Bible, in the Vulgate Latin version, of which 180 were printed, and approximately 50 survive today in varying conditions around the world.
The Gutenberg Bible marked another first: printed Bibles could be mass produced to get into the hands of many people at a low cost. They first had to be translated out of Latin into a common language, and Martin Luther made the great German translation, 1522-1534. The Protestant Reformers emphasized that laymen should study the Bible, and printing made it possible to go beyond the interpretationsd shown in stained glass windows to the actual text.
English language versions of the Bible
Wycliff's Bible
The first translation of the Bible into English was made under the supervision of the English cleric John Wyclif in the 1380's, with the assistance of Nicholas Hereford and John Purvey. Wyclif held that the Bible should be placed directly in the hands of the people, but was this was opposed by the English Church hierarchy of his day; indeed, one of Wyclif's opponents, Henry Knighton, compared giving the Bible to the people in English to "casting pearls before swine". Archbishop Arundel of Canterbury promulgated a ban on all English Bibles in 1407, and possession of one was considered evidence of heresy.
Wyclif's was a scholarly translation, based on the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew texts, but was found to be unweildy due to its adherence to Latin grammar (in which, for instance, verbs tend to be at the end of sentences). A second Wycliffite translation was prepared late in this period, which avoided this problem, but due to the fact that it could only be distributed in manuscript form, it was an expensive volume. Outside of the nobility and gentry, it was more common to see only a single Gospel, or a copy of the Psalms, than an entire Bible, which cost more than the average working person could earn in a year.
Over the next century, its form of English gradually became antiquated, leading English Protestants such as William Tyndale to feel that an entirely new translation was needed.
During the middle of the 16th century there was a renewed sense of the need to get the Bible directly into the hands of the common man; prior to that the Bible was restricted to readings in the Church alone. The Reformers were a group of people who were shocked at the differences between what the Roman Catholic Church was practicing as opposed to what the Bible stated can or cannot be done (this was one of the causes of the Reformation). At great cost to themselves, the Reformers began the work of translating the Bible in the various languages of Europe; the printing press would ensure the newly-translated Bibles would be mass-produced.
William Tyndale was committed to getting the Bible in the hands of his English countrymen. Expressing open defiance of the Pope, Tyndale declared that if God would spare his life he would make it possible for even an ordinary farmer to know more about the Scriptures than the Pope. [6] Tyndale's translation of the New Testament was completed by 1525. By April, 1526, 6,000 copies were printed and delivered to England. Official opposition led to the destruction of most of them. Nevertheless, the printing press rendered it impossible to completely suppress such a book, and new copies were printed and smuggled into England Tyndale was arrested and charged with heresy for his efforts on May 21, 1536, and was executed the following year. His efforts at translating the Bible led to the Matthews and Bishop's Bibles, then finally to the King James Version, where ninety percent of the text closely follows Tyndale's translation.
Authorised or King James Version
In 1601 King James I selected forty-seven of the ablest scholars in England to undertake the creation of a standard Bible in English, based upon careful translations of the Masoretic Text used by the Jewish community, and the best Greek translations (especially the Textus Receptus) then available. The scholars were divided into six committees in Oxford, Westminster, and Cambridge, with each scholar had dedicating himself to doing a portion of the Bible, often consulting each other to check the flow and harmony of the work in progress. The result was the 1611 Authorised Version, known in America as the King James Version.
The effects of the Authorised Version were profound. Using less than 2,500 different words in its vocabulary, this Bible was written in a poetic style matched by few. The work influenced the writings of Shakespeare. John Milton has numerous images taken from this Bible in his Paradise Lost. The direct style of writing caused it to be easily available to the common man. Poets and writers, such as Herman Melville, Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson and many others were deeply inspired by it. It altered the course of English history, with England growing to a world power since the book's publication; when asked by a visiting dignitary what made England great, Queen Victoria pulled out her copy of the Bible and declared "This is the secret of England's greatness." [3]
Other versions
Today, the Bible is available in many versions across the English-speaking world, and has been translated into languages spoken by the vast majority of people on Earth, and even portions into a recently-created language from the fictional world of Star Trek, Klingon. [7] The past two decades saw the emergence of Internet use; the creation of the Bible as a software program was inevitable, and several, such as E-Sword and Theophilos, are available at no cost with a wealth of Bible-study material as well.
Bible Scientific Foreknowledge
Bible scientific foreknowledge holds that the Bible shows an understanding of scientific knowledge beyond that believed to exist at the time the Bible was composed. Many Christian scientists and apologists such as the Christian scientists and apologists at Creation Ministries International, Answers in Genesis, and CreationWiki assert that the Bible contains knowledge that shows an understanding of scientific knowledge beyond that believed to exist at the time the Bible was composed.[8][9][10]
Humor in the Bible
For a more detailed treatment, see Humor in the Bible.
The Bible, especially the Old Testament, contains irony, puns, sarcasm, etc. It may be noted that the sense of what is humorous varies from people to people and from nation to nation, as well as varying from age to age. What caused a chuckle, smile, or laughter in the biblical "genre" was more connected with satisfaction at the vindication of righteousness among men. Thus to our day and age, and the commonality of people, for believers and non believers, the meaning of the spewing up of Jonah on the shores (even the great fish could not stomach him!) might be viewed as God working out His original will in history, Jonah flight from responsiblity being aborted, for the "days and ages" of the Bible, there was the added satisfaction derived from the understanding that God was not mocked by the rebellion of Jonah. Likewise that the "many cattle" also found repentence and acceptance by God, would not have brought the smile of glee, mingled with doubt, but the smile of satisfaction that God's wide heart found its exultant victory over the measly, narrow perspective of the renagade prophet. There was no shame to stifle the Biblical chuckle at the "hows" of the vindication of God's justice. Yet, what we consider humorous also appears:
For example:
- After noticing that his father-in-law Laban was not treating him as in the past, Jacob decided to flee with his family. Rachel, one of Jacob's wives, stole her father Laban's teraphim (statues used for idolatry and/or divination). Laban pursued them and intercepted them in the Gilead mountains (Genesis 31:30): "Why have you stolen my gods?" Laban said to Jacob. The Midrash comments that it cannot be much of a god if it can be stolen (Midrash Genesis Rabbah 74:8). Jonsson (1985, 44-45) suggests that there is humor (albeit "rough" humor) in the fact that, not only was Laban deceived, but his idols were actually underneath his daughter Rachel's posterior while she claimed that the "manner of women" was upon her. This idol did not get much respect. [4]
Bible Versions
- King James Version
- American Standard Version
- Revised Version
- English Standard Version
- New American Standard Version
- New King James Version
- Douey-Rheims
- Good News Version
- New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures
- Septuagint
- Latin Vulgate
- Revised Standard Version
- Amplified Bible
- New English Bible
- New International Version
- Living Bible
See also
- Bible exegesis
- Bible prophecy
- Biblical accuracy
- Famous Bible paintings
- Midrash
- Targum
- Aramaic Church
External links
Bible societies
- American Bible Society
- United Bible Society
- The International Bible Society (New York/Colorado Springs)
- World Bible Translation Center
- Wycliffe Bible Translators
- La Biblia In Spanish.
Online, internet, and downloadable Bibles
- Hebrew-English Bible (JPS 1917 translation; includes Hebrew audio)
- XML Hebrew-English (KJV) Bible
- Old Testament in Hebrew
- Latin Vulgate — Latin Vulgate with parallel Douay-Rheims and King James English translations
- SacredBible.org — Latin Vulgate translation of the Bible
- Jerome's Latin Vulgate (405 A.D.)
- AudioBible — Audio version of the King James Version.
- Blue Letter Bible — On-line interactive reference library continuously updated from the teachings and commentaries of selected pastors and teachers who hold to the conservative, historical Christian faith.
- E-sword — Downloadable Bible for Windows.
- The Online Bible North America — Downloadable Bible for Windows.
- Theophilos Bible program
- American Standard Version.
- English Standard Version from Good News/Crossway (the publisher).
- King James Version with dictionary.
- King James Version.
- New Living Translation
- New Revised Standard Version.
- World English Bible.
- King James Version built using AJAX technologies, with Strongs and Greek Morphological Codes by Robinson.
- The Hypertext Bible with side-by-side translations in English, Latin, Greek, and Hebrew at the Internet Sacred Text Archive
- Bible Gateway at GospelCom.net text search in any one of many translations in numerous languages.
- Bible Read-Through — read through the Bible in a year aid.
- TheFreeBible.com Bible software downloads
- Interlinear (word-by-word) translation of the Christian Bible Hebrew and Koine Greek
- http://www.aramaicpeshitta.com/aramaic_nt_resources.htm - Aramaic New Testament resources
- Over 40 versions of the Bible
- Eastern and Western Armenian Bible
- Online Bible (King James Version & Old Testament)
- Bible — Louis Segond de 1910
- Complete Sayings of Christ
- Crosswalk.com Parallel Bible
- Blue Letter Bible
- Recovery Version Bible
- Spanish Bible PDT version
- Versiones de la Biblia In Spanish.
- Turkish Bible (Turkish Old and New Testament)
- Finnish Bible (Finnish Old and New Testament)
- Raamattu (Study Finnish Bible)
- Bible Timeline
- My Jewish Learning.com
- American Bible Society to search NASB, KJV, CEV, ASV and others.
- University of Virginia Library KJV word proximity search.
- Many translations in English, verse by verse
- Nava Karar NT Translation from Greek to Marathi
- Gender-neutral Bible translations.
- Word-for-Word vs.Thought-for-Thought translation Outlines the difference between formal and dynamic equivalent translation philosopy.
- Klingon Bible.
Commentaries and analysis
- Biblical chronology by Alan Montgomery, B.Sc.(Hon)
- Biblical History, The Jewish History Resource Center — Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
- Judaica Press Translation — online Jewish translation of the Tanakh.
- Reading and Understanding the Bible.
- Source for Bible Answers.
- Amazing Facts Bible Studies.
- Learning Bible Today — a historical approach the Bible.
- John Gill's Exposition of the Bible — verse by verse commentary.
- Matthew Henry's Commentary on the Whole Bible — unabridged.
- Topical References
- Bible Dictionaries and Encyclopedia
- Achtemeier, Paul J., ed. Harper's Bible Dictionary (1985), 1190pp; mainstream scholarship
- Ackroyd, P.R., ed. The Cambridge History of the Bible: From the Beginnings to Jerome; the West from the Fathers to the Reformation; the West from the Reformation to the Present Day (3 vol 1978), standard summary of scholarship; excerpt and text search vol 1; excerpt and text search vol 2; excerpt and text search vol 3
- Coggins, R.J. Introducing the Old Testament (Oxford University Press: 1990), 172pp. online edition
- Morgan, Robert, and John Barton. Biblical Interpretation (Oxford University Press: 1988), 342 pp online edition
- Sakenfeld, Katharine Doob, ed. The New Interpreters Dictionary of the Bible (NIDB) (5 vol 2009), the latest mainstream scholarship
- Unger, Merril F. Unger's Bible Dictionary, Moody Press, Chicago, IL (1966; new edition 2006); Evangelical
- Unger, Merril F. The New Unger's Bible Dictionary, (2006); 1416pp; Evangelical
- Unger, Merril F. Unger's Bible Handbook, Moody Press, Chicago, IL (1967); Evangelical.
- Halley, Henry H. Halley's Bible Handbook, Zondervan, Grand Rapids, MI (1965); Evangelical
- Sandys-Wunsch, John. What Have They Done to the Bible: A History of Modern Biblical Interpretation 2005) Scholarly history of transations and interpretations to 1900; excerpt and text search
- Williamspn, Peter. Catholic principles for interpreting scripture: a study of the Pontifical Biblical Commission's The interpretation of the Bible in the Church (2001); Catholic; excerpts and text search
- Wilson, Robert D. A Scientific Investigation of the Old Testament, Sunday School Times, Inc, Philadelphia, PA (1926).
- Blass, Frederich, and others. A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and other early Christian literature, translated by Robert W. Funk; University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL (1961); German edition Grammatik des Neutestamentlichen Griechisch Friedrich Rehkopf, editor, 14th edition. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1976.
- Moulton, James H., and others. A Grammar of New Testament Greek (two volumes), edited by Wilbert Francis Howard, T&T Clark Publishers, Harrisburg, PA (1985); originally published 1920, Edinburgh, Scotland.
- Bauer, Walter. Griechisch-Deutsches Wörterbuch zu den Scriften des Neuen Testaments und der frühchristlichen Litteratur. Kurt Aland and Barbara Aland, editors; 6th edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, Germany (1988). Heading βιβλίον, columns 281-82.
- ↑ The Bible continues to be the best-selling book ever. Americans alone buy 25 million Bibles a year, according to Publisher's Weekly. Bible sales are now reaching $609 million a year, with specialty Bibles available for myriad "niche" audiences, from motorcycle riders to campers, brides and archaeologists. "Immerse," a water-resistant Bible for troops overseas, is now available from publisher Bardin & Marsee. Polls: Most believe Bible as God's word - Jennifer Harper, The Washington Times - May 30, 2007]
- ↑ The Catholic Bible includes these books that are not included in the Protestant Bible:
- The Wisdom of Solomon
- Tobit
- Sirach
- Judith
- 1st Maccabees
- 2nd Maccabees
- Baruch [1]


text:
PA Voter ID Coalition announces a Philadelphia County Transportation Program for voters needing a ride to PennDOT to obtain their voter ID card.
The Pennsylvania Voter ID Coalition, a group of more than 150 organizations statewide led by the Committee of Seventy, is expanding its efforts to help voters acquire acceptable, state-mandated Voter ID in time for the November 6th General Election.
Beginning next Wednesday, September 26th, the Voter ID Coalition will begin transporting voters at their request to PennDOT centers in order to help the voters obtain their necessary ID card.
"Our purpose in operating this transportation program is to assist the maximum number of voters possible to get to a PennDOT center in a coordinated fashion, so they can obtain valid ID cards and be ready to vote on election day," said Joe Certaine, co-convenor of the PA Voter ID Coalition.
The program is being coordinated with the City of Philadelphia and the League of Women Voters. Voters should call 215-848-1283 for assistance arranging transportation to one of the PennDOT centers.
Voters will be transported from a network of City of Philadelphia recreation centers, New Courtland Senior Centers, Center in the Park, and other locations being utilized as neighborhood staging areas.
For more information, registered voters should call the PA Voter ID Coalition at 215-848-1283, during normal business hours (M-F, 9 a.m.-5 p.m.) The Coalition is headquartered at 310 W. Chelten Avenue in the Germantown section of Philadelphia.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
i'm new to this. could you help me
Thank you!!!
Aw... Thanks. And I've been called a lot worse! LOL
Hey there! Ruger is a pure bred GSD.
My avatar has the picture of Lady a Field Pointer. She was my foster dog that was on death's door from medical conditions and neglect and through a lot of hard work by me and the rescue orgnanzation she did a complete turnaround. She turned out to be one incredible hunting dog and had the perfect pointer stance. When she became eligible for adoption it became national and we had all sorts of adoption inquiry. We did adopt her to a family that hunts and also had a Field Pointer. Their Field Pointer wasn't too good at hunting so Lady was to become a mentor. A very successful adoption and a memory I will always cherish.
Hey I had a quick question for you. I wanted to start mixing a raw egg in Loki's food, so I was wondering can I do it every day (but only once a day)??? Or every week?? How often should I do it?>
Thank you! Apollo is a mix, he came from the local shelter
Oh Okay! Thanks for the info!
Only one dog, it's a collage. And he's a Siberian Husky. BYB, so definitely not a show dog.
Couch Potato
More dogs than sense
Bewunderer der Hunde
water dogs rock!!


text:
Dr Yarun and team absolutely amazing. Taking my father for siatica pain. He explained the cause instead of just treating the symptoms. He knows what he is doing. They have all the new facilities like class 4 hot laser aswell. Highly recommend them…
Absolutely amazing chiropractor! I can't speak highly enough about my experience. I was initially leery of chiropractic but after reading many reviews, I took the chance and have not regretted it, as the relief from neck and back pain has been wonderful. Dr. Yaron has a truly kind and compassionate approach to his patients, and he and his staff go over and above to take care of them. Thank you Dr. Yaron!
I F33yrs have being seeing Dr. Peter at hinterland chiro for almost 2yrs now, in regards to an old car accident the adjustments are so quick and gentle and painless I highly recommend Peter over any other chiropractors. My son (m3yrs) has being seeing Peter for the past 7 months who was born with a short neck muscle and chronic asthma – every2/3months for 2 weeks. Since his treatment he has not had Any Asthma , colds or flu`s. I`m absolutely thrilled to know we both are not using any steroids, painkillers anymore. Thanks Peter and the team. xx
I have been seeing Peter Hobson for the past 4 weeks and I am already experiencing positive changes both to my posture and well being. The team there are friendly and welcoming and happy to take the time for any questions you might have. I have no hesitation recommending Hinterland Chiropractic.
I have been a patient of Hinterland Chiropractic since 2008 and I couldn't rave more highly about their customer service, spinal care and health and wellness education. My young children have also been under the care of Dr Peter Hobson since they were babies and it truly is a family based care centre. I especially like the weekly Half Hour to Health session where I can learn more about taking care of mine and my family's health.
Dr Peter & the team literally changed my life I didn't realize the benefits I could get. I have had a problem with scheuermann's disease since childhood and found no relief until 4 years ago and at 43 am the fittest and healthiest I have been since my 20s, my neck no longer hurts or tightens up nil headaches, truly amazing!! If anyone is reading this an not sure go an check it out intro check up is free!! I first cringed at someone manipulating my back and neck but seriously no issues just relief…is as easy as getting a cup of coffee and a pleasant happy environment to boot!!….Tell them Greg sent you !!
The team at Hinterland chiropractic centre are great. I have been seeing Dr Peter Hobson for a year now and my health and overall well being has improved greatly. I thank them for ginging me a better health. Highly recommended!
I have been a patient at Hinterland Chiropractic since 2010, I have gained increased flexibility and reduction in minor pain due to education in good posture, specific exercises and regular realignments. I have been so happy with the results that I even referred family members to the same clinic.
I have suffered from migraine headaches all my life (now 45). After being on a scheduled plan and now maintenance for over 18months I can honestly say I haven't had a migraine during this time. Thankyou to Dr Peter and the wonderful team for making me feel so good.
I have been attending Dr Peter Hobson's Hinterland Chiropractic Centre at Nerang since 2004. Through regular chiropractic treatment, I enjoy a high level of wellness. Dr Hobson is dedicated to educating the community on the benefits of chiropractic through his weekly Optimal Health University™ Newsletters on health and wellbeing subjects, as well as regular in-house workshops that are most informative and life-changing for many. All of the staff at Hinterland Chiropractic are extremely professional, caring and helpful. The holistic, supportive and friendly approach engenders an environment of trust in the treatment being delivered. The service offered is very affordable and a wise investment in good health and I can highly recommend a visit to Hinterland Chiropractic Centre for anyone wanting to achieve this. Sue E
First came to see peter here a year ago with a minor lower back complaint. He not only made things better, but also took the time to do xrays and point out other problems, without the harassment of coming back. He and his staff always make me relaxed and bring a smile to my face.
Peter Hobson has made a significant difference in my posture and back pain since I started seeing him over a year ago. I have noticed many changes within myself regarding better general health and wellbeing. Highly recommended
I have been a patient at Hinterland Chiropractic since 2010, Dr Peter Hobson has been treating me for back & neck pain. They have been very helpful & professional with me, changing appointments to suit my hetic lifestyle & work commitments. I highly recommend Hinterland Chiropractic.
I have been seeing Dr Steve for the past 5weeks and already seeing amazing results. All the staff are fantastic and I highly recommend Hinterland Chiropractic to everyone!!!!!
I have been a patient for over a year at Hinterland Chiropractic and have found not only my back pain has gone I feel much healthier and rarely do I get sick. I have lived in various states in Australia over the years gone by and have found the Chiropractors excellent in every way and nothing is a problem for their staff who are very kind and helpful
I have been a patient at Hinterland Chiropractic since 1998 i use to suffer from regular back pain and headaches but not anymore. Dr Peter has always been very helpful and is always educating me on ways to look after myself better.
Dr Peter and his team looked after me and my family very well. Thanks for all your advise.
Dr Peter & his team are great, couldn't be happier.
I've been working with Peter from Hinterland Chiropractic for close to a month now and the results have exceeded my expectations. I am a veteran of several major injuries and a lifetime of high impact physical labour and recreation. Currently I'm sleeping without pain, waking refreshed and generally feeling more energised. Following the information provided and the care I'm increasing my flexibility and and range of movement. I'm extremely happy with the care, am truly excited about the immediate results and look forward to the long term benefits of our on going relationship.
I have been receiving chiropractic care for just over 8 years now. During my maternity leave I even had the privilege of working as a Chiropractic Assistant which allowed to further understand the benefits of receiving regular chiropractic adjustments. My daughter has been adjustment since 12 weeks old with amazing results after just two adjustments with concerns the doctor told us she would 'grow out of' over the next year. Dr Peter has been my 5th Chiropractor now and am so happy! After being told by my dentist that I would need MAJOR surgery to my jaw, Dr Peter has been able to alleviate my pain and discomfort and has helped me fix my overall posture, physical health and my outlook on life and meditation. He is knowledgeable, patient and incredibly passionate about life. My family and even parents are now under his regular care and as my 3 year old always chants there and back to our appointment; "Dr Peter, makes you better!" Thank-you to the entire team at Hinterland Chiropractic. You are always smiling, helpful and professional. We always enjoy our visits and look forward to our next appointment.
Dr Peter Hobson has been treating my back injury in his Gold Coast Chiropractic clinic at the end of July. His help have change my life, from being immobilised to going dancing in 2 weeks time. Peter comes highly recommended for his skills, professionalism and his great attitude. Other very important factor is, that Dr Peter takes the time to help you discover what the long-term cause of your back pain is, instead of simply just treating the symptoms. Dr. Peter Hobson and his staff are the most competent and caring healthcare professionals I know. Thanks Peter!
I have now been a patient at Hinterland Chiropractic for 1 1/2 years. When I first arrived I was in a lot of pain and could not see the end to my headaches, migraines and back pain. It has now been a year since I took my last painkiller 🙂 I have no headaches, no migraines and I can now get up in the morning and look forward to a pain free day. Thanks guys!!!
I could not be without my regular visits to Hinterland Chiropractic. By keeping my spine in the best possible alignment, I have much reduced pain and I am able to physically perform at an optimum level for my age. Thanks very much to the Team at Hinterland Chiropractic.
I am a patient of Dr. Ryan's at Hinterland Chiropractic. Since commencing care, I have experienced an increase of energy, better digestion and my sleeping patterns have improved drastically!!! Dr. Ryan has educated me on the importance of spinal care and ways I can improve my everyday life. Coming to see Dr. Ryan is a highlight in my week, and I always look forward to my visit at Hinterland Chiropractic.
Being hairdressing for 20 years can give you some back pain. Dr Yaron is a magician!!! No more pains…he is my angel!
After more than 15 years visiting various Doctors, Physio Therapists, Massage Therapists and Alternative Medical clinics in search of some relief for my constant back pain, a friend of mine recommended Hinterland Chiropractic. I have found them to be extremely professional with great advice, clear explanations and continued care that exceeds my expectations. Finally I have a solution that is helping me to achieve a healthy, balanced life. Thank you Dr Hobson!
I am a landscaper and have suffered from lower back pain for more than 10 years. I would tweak something and just work around the pain for 1 – 4 weeks at a time before it would settle, this would happen several times a year for this whole time. This has always had an impact on my life, sometimes being almost immobile for a week at a time.
I wouldn't say I was skeptical of Chiropractors, but I was concerned (scared if I'm honest) about having an area that was already very painful manipulated. Finally around 6 months ago I tweaked something again, but this time the pain was more extreme than usual and after a weak it had not eased at all. Reluctantly, I did some searching and was able to secure an appointment to see Dr Peter. We went through a process of assessment to determine the extent and real location/s of my issues that would manifest into my lower back pain. This process was thorough, and Dr Peter went well beyond what I expected to explain and ensure that I was understanding what my issues were. No adjustments or manipulation was done before Dr Peter had completely reviewed the results of this assessment.
Long story short, my pain was relieved to minor discomfort after around 2 visits. I have not had a re-lapse into my usual cycle since becoming a patient of Dr Peter. He is genuinely focussed on helping me repair the damage caused by my 10 years of ignoring an obvious problem. The whole experience has been quite the opposite of everything that I feared for 10+ years and I only wish I had made an appointment all those years ago instead of living with it for soooo long.
My sincere hope in writing this review, is that it may help alleviate any concern you may have and encourage you to make an appointment with the VERY friendly and helpful team at Hinterland Chiropractic much sooner that I did.
When I first came to hinterland chiropractic I had slight back pain as well as I noticed I didn't stand straight (my pelvis would sit forward making me look pregnant). After my consultation and X-rays it was clear as to why.
I don't know where I'd be now without Dr Yaron!! Absolutely amazing place to be, with warm welcomes and fantastic adjustments by my main man Dr Yaron
From being told by a neurosurgeon that I needed 2 discs replaced at a cost of $1000,000 to going back the gym after treatment from Yaron without a scalpel in sight.
Before making any decisions regarding your spine that have been already diagnosed go an see these guys.From the receptionists when you come in,they always make your feel welcome and Yaron and Peter two dedicated professionals who work tirelessly in the practice.i can't recommend this practice enough nothing is to much trouble they are flexible,accommodating, and give you a detailed diagnosis with a treatment plan that we work on.
Hinterland Chiropractic has been apart of my life for many years now, and I wouldn't be able to function with out the help Doctor Peter.
I'm a very active person, my job sends me around Australia, that means sleeping in hotel beds, yes I always take my chiropractic pillow but some times you need an adjustment on the road. I can always call Hinterland Chiropractic for any suggestions on who might be good to see while I'm away.Doctor Peter is always happy and positive, he listens to your concerns and helps you in the best way he can.
Bec is always understanding if you need to change an appointment time or date.When you find a good chiropractor you wont want to change.I highly recommend Hinterland Chiropractic.
I got out of my chair on Thursday and immediately felt the pain and discomfort of a pinched nerve, lower back. Off to work after doing a few gentle stretches, then booked in to see Dr Peter. Soooooo lucky to get an appointment. He released my back, sorted out a few other tight spots and sent me off for a walk. My back was tender for a day, still a bit uncomfortable, but I'll be back next week to re-align that spine. Don't neglect yourselves, like I did, I am at college in Brisbane and hadn't been to see the fabulous Dr Peter for a few months… bad idea! The awesome Dr Peter has been keeping me on the straight and narrow for years. Missed seeing him, and won't do that again! Thank Becs and Peter, you are the greatest team!


text:
roope needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 48 designs submitted by 14 freelance designers.
Need a clean, modern and simple logo for our innovative ticket marketplace startup.
uppbokat.se - an innovative Scandinavian marketplace where fans can buy and sell tickets to events in a safe way, just like stubhub.com or razorgator.com.
We have some new ideas in how this business can be done and we´ll be using the latest technologies to make it easier for people to find the right tickets for them.
Modern and innovative are keywords for the logotype.
Nothing too playful as we need to keep a serious profile.
The logotype will be used on our website and also as an advertisement on an icehockeyrink.
Uppbokat is Swedish and stands for somehing like "Sold out".
- vector format required
- both "Uppbokat.se" and "Uppbokat.com" if possible
- artistic and creative
- should work both in color and in B&W
- feel free to be creative and surprise us!
- no clip art
- not too playful since we need to keep a serious profile
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


text:
Housing Rehabilitation Program
This program offers up to $25,000 in assistance to repair and improve program participant's home. A deferred mortgage is recorded against the property for the amount invested into the home.
In order to qualify for Housing Programs the applicant:
1. Must own and live in a home in Eaton County outside the City of Lansing.
2. The household must meet federal guidelines for low to moderate income.
3. Must make an appointment with Housing Department to submit a completed application.
Examples of work included in the program
· Roofs
· Windows
· Septic systems
· Heating
· Foundations· Accessibility
Additional Guidelines for the program
1. Must be up to date on mortgage payments.
2. Property taxes must be paid to date and you must be living in the home.
3. Homeowner's insurance must be current and continuous on home until mortgage is paid in full.
4. The repairs must address lead based paint hazards, improve the healthy & safety & energy efficiency of the home.
5. Any required match money must be supplied at the time of the mortgage closing.


text: Did you know that the oldest Western religions had "mother" goddesses and not a male god, and that Christianity was similar in its early days? "Late medieval and Renaissance art often features the Virgin Mary, one breast exposed, nursing the baby Jesus," reports Utne. "The mother's breast is a symbol of God's love; her milk represents salvation." Then, after about 1750, naked breasts were either medical or erotic. Author Margaret R. Miles suggest we bring back the breast as it was: "In societies in which violence is rampant on the street and in the media, the nursing Virgin can perhaps communicate God's love to people in a way that a violent image, the image of one more sacrificial victim, cannot." Oh, and a footnote! The Vatican recently clarified that all Catholics baptized in the name of the creator, redeemer, and sanctifier—a popular gender-neutral alternative to father, son, and holy spirit—should be re-baptized using the proper male names for God. [Utne]


text:
Oct 26, 2011
SANTA BARBARA, Calif. – Sophomore Sophia Yamauchi has been named the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation Female Athlete of the Week after posting three individual wins in last Saturday's double dual meet against UCLA and Oregon State.
Yamauchi won the 100 breast (1:03.51) by 2.48 seconds; won the 200 breast (2:16.63) by 5.40 seconds; and won the 200 individual medley (2:02.69) by 2.75 seconds. She also swam in the Gaucho 200 medley relay, which took third behind two UCLA teams with a time of 1:46.97. She swam her breaststroke leg in an unofficial split of 29.00 seconds.
Yamauchi's wins helped lead the Gauchos past Oregon State and helped UCSB post its most individual wins (8) over UCLA in program history. She is now ranked in the top-20 in Division I in each of the events: fifth in the 200 IM, 13th in the 200 breast, and 18th in the 100 breast.
This marks Yamauchi's third MPSF Athlete of the Week honor, she earned the accolade twice during her freshman campaign.
The Gauchos will be back in action on Friday when the men and women host Denver in a 12 p.m. meet at Campus Pool. Admission, as always, is free.


text:
Posted 7 years ago
(1 item)
This is a F D fire chief friction tin car... if anyone knows any info on this car can you please contact me. i bought this at a flea market and wanted to know about it. it came in a box with english, french and chinese writing on it. the MF# is 204.. it also says ages 3- up, but it has some choking material on it that would be hazardous to a 3 year old which leads me to believe it is quite old. the scale is about a 1:18 and it has a red light on th roof. the siren is on the fright side of the hood/ the windshield is made of plastic. there is no writing on the bottom of the car. if anyone knows about these cars their knowledge would be great!!! thanks.....


text:
[Illinois] Nanoscopic Tools in Live Cell Analysis
Published on
Dr. Irudayaraj has a Bachelors degree in Engineering, a dual Masters respectively in Biosystems Engineering, and Computer Sciences from the University of Hawaii, and a Ph.D in Food and Bioprocess Engineering from Purdue University. He has held faculty positions at the University of Saskatchewan, Utah State University, and in the most immediate past, from The Pennsylvania State University. He has held adjoint positions at the Materials Research Institute at Penn State and the Dept of Applied and Engineering Physics in Cornell University.
Their team has developed a range of spectroscopic and biosensor technologies for disease diagnostics and food security monitoring. Tracking protein interactions and monitoring and detecting the dynamic state of single molecule events in cells is addressed through techniques such as Fluorescnece Correlation Spectroscopy, FRET, Fluorescence lifetime imaging, enhanced single cell Raman spectroscopy , Plasmonic sensing, and Optical Trap.
He has published over 130 refereed research articles in areas covering thermodynamics and viscoelactic modeling of biological systems, spectroscopic methods, bio and nanomaterial sensors, and is a member of American Chemical Society, Institute of Biological Engineering, Biophysical Society, and American Association for clinical Chemistry.
Cite this work
Researchers should cite this work as follows:
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign


text:
The sauce for this gong bao chicken dish is a light sweet-and-sour base pepped up with a deep chile spiciness and a trace of Sichuan pepper that will make your lips tingle pleasantly. The ingredients are all cut in harmony, the chicken in small cubes and the scallion in short pieces to complement the peanuts. The chicken should be just cooked and wonderfully succulent; the nuts are added at the very last minute so they retain their crispness. It's also beautiful to look at with its glorious medley of chicken, golden peanuts, and bright red chiles.
This dish, also known as Kung Pao chicken, has the curious distinction of having been labeled as politically incorrect during the Chinese Cultural Revolution. It's named after a late Qing Dynasty (late 19th century) governor of Sichuan, Ding Baozhen—Gong Bao was his official title—who is said to have particularly enjoyed eating it. No one can quite agree on the details of the dish's origins: Some say it was a dish Ding Baozhen brought with him from his home province of Guizhou; others that he ate it in a modest restaurant when he went out in humble dress to observe the real lives of his subjects; still others, rather implausibly, that his chef invented the finely chopped chicken dish because Ding Baozhen had bad teeth. Whatever the truth of its origins, its association with an imperial bureaucrat was enough to provoke the wrath of the Cultural Revolution radicals, and it was renamed "fast-fried chicken cubes" (hong bao ji ding) or "chicken cubes with seared chiles" (hu la ji ding) until its political rehabilitation in the 1980s.–Fuchsia Dunlop
LC Say Again? Note
Curious how to properly pronounce that dish you're about to make? We certainly were. In seeking the pronunciation, we came to find that the full name for Gong Bao Chicken is actually Gong Bao Ji Ding. Here's its proper pronunciation. (Say again? We had to listen several times to nail it, so don't feel bad if you don't get it on the first try.)
Kung Pao Chicken With Peanuts
- Quick Glance
- Serves 2
- For the marinade
- 1 1/2 teaspoons potato flour or 2 1/4 teaspoons cornstarch
- 1/2 teaspoon salt
- 2 teaspoons light soy sauce
- 1 teaspoon Shaoxing rice wine or medium-dry sherry
- 1 tablespoon water
- 2/3 pound boneless chicken breasts, skin-on or skinless, cut into 1/2-to-3/4-inch chunks
- For the sauce
- 1 tablespoon granulated sugar
- 3/4 teaspoon potato flour or 1 1/8 teaspoons cornstarch
- 1 teaspoon dark soy sauce
- 1 teaspoon light soy sauce
- 1 tablespoon Chinkiang or Chinese black vinegar
- 1 teaspoon toasted sesame oil
- 1 tablespoon homemade chicken stock or canned chicken broth, or water
- For the Gong Bao chicken
- 3 garlic cloves, thinly sliced
- Ginger (enough to equal the amount of garlic), thinly sliced
- 5 scallions, white parts only, cut into 1/2-inch lengths
- 2 tablespoons peanut oil
- A generous handful of dried red chiles (at least 10) preferably Sichuanese
- 1 teaspoon whole Sichuan pepper
- 2/3 cup roasted unsalted peanuts
- Make the marinade
- 1. Mix the potato flour or cornstarch and salt in a small bowl. Slowly add the soy sauce, rice wine, and water mixing constantly with a fork. (If using potato flour, the marinade can be more of a paste rather than a liquid marinade, but press on.)
- 2. Add the chicken pieces and stir to coat the chicken evenly. Set aside at room temperature.
- Make the sauce
- 3. Combine the sauce ingredients in a small bowl. Set aside.
- Make the Gong Bao chicken
- 4. Snip the chiles in half or into three pieces if large. Wearing rubber gloves, discard as many chile seeds as possible.
- 5. Add 2 tablespoons of the oil to the wok and heat it over high heat. When the oil is hot but not yet smoking, add the chiles and Sichuan pepper and stir-fry briefly until they're crisp and the oil is spicy and fragrant. Whatever you do, be mindful not to burn the spices. You can remove the wok from the heat if necessary to prevent overheating.
- 6. Raise the heat to high, plop in the chicken pieces, and fry them, stirring constantly. As soon as the chicken cubes have separated, add the sliced ginger, garlic, and scallions and continue to stir-fry for a few minutes, until everything is fragrant and the meat is cooked through. Check one of the larger pieces of chicken to make sure.
- 7. Stir the sauce and then carefully swirl it into the wok, continuing to stir and toss. As soon as the sauce has become thick and shiny, add the peanuts, stir to combine, and serve immediately.
If you make this recipe, snap a photo and hashtag it #LeitesCulinaria. We'd love to see your creations on Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter.


text:
Make memories even over lunch when you dine at these Disney restaurants.
More than 17 million people vacation at Disney World's Magic Kingdom each year, and that magic—and those long lines—can work up an appetite.
When hunger strikes on your next visit, don't turn to the nearest food cart or restaurant. It's worth seeking out certain restaurants at Disney World and Disneyland that will satisfy kids and adults alike and enhance your experience. Waking up to the Princess Breakfast of French toast stuffed with caramel apple and drizzled in caramel at the Cinderella Castle or sampling piri-piri chicken and South African wines at Jiko restaurant can be as memorable as laying eyes on Mickey for the first time.
Related: Disney World Resort Tips and Tricks
Some of the best Disney restaurants embrace their own themes, like the Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant, where you can dig into house-smoked St. Louis–style pork ribs while watching a black-and-white horror movie on the 50-foot screen.
If Sci-Fi Dine-In transports you to another time (the 1950s), Disneyland's Blue Bayou transports you to another place—a southern bayou, complete with "twilight" lighting and fireflies. It's delightful to linger here over New Orleans gumbo as the Pirates of the Caribbean attraction floats by.
We have you covered whatever you're craving, from great to-go snacks (a jumbo turkey leg) to a celebrity chef's Mediterranean restaurant on Disney's BoardWalk.


text:
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== Hints for Performance Tuning ==
== Hints for Performance Tuning ==
* {{
* {{|Ctrl+Alt+f}} shows FPS
* Launching the game with the -opengl flag has been reported to increase performance. (This may be specific to the mac version.)
* Launching the game with the -opengl flag has been reported to increase performance. (This may be specific to the mac version.)
* Disabling Shader in wine could help, if FPS is too low. (It may also cause the game to not work at all. Again, possibly only mac.)
* Disabling Shader in wine could help, if FPS is too low. (It may also cause the game to not work at all. Again, possibly only mac.)
Revision as of 11:11, 1 September 2013
- 1 Environment
- 2 Installing StarCraft II
- 3 Playing StarCraft II
- 4 Hints for Performance Tuning
- 5 x86_64
- 6 Patch 1.5.0
- 7 Troubleshooting
- 8 See also
You need to install:
Configure Wine
The sound in Starcraft 2 in Wine versions 1.3.25 and later works out of the box.
- Edit the registry
$ regedit Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Software/Wine/Direct3D To create new entries: Right-click on Direct3D, select New -> String Value DirectDrawRenderer opengl Multisampling disabled OffscreenRenderingMode pbuffer PixelShaderMode enabled RenderTargetLockMode readtex StrictDrawOrdering disabled UseGLSL disabled VertexShaderMode hardware VideoMemorySize 1536 (Change this to however much memory your card has)
- For Map-Editor:
- The latest winetricks can be found at http://winetricks.org/winetricks, download and start:
$ sh winetricks vcrun2005 vcrun2008
- To get rid of some warnings that may or may not matter on x86_64, you may want to install lib32-mpg123 and lib32-jack available in multilib.
Also install lib32-audiofileAUR and lib32-esoundAUR from AUR.
- Don't emulate a virtual desktop for the installer.
- If the installer doesn't work, backup and remove your .wine directory.
- If you are asked to install Gecko, then click install to do so.
- If the installer hangs while downloading patch 1.03, install ie6, and set the wine version to windows XP:
$ sh winetricks ie6 $ winecfg
or on x64
$ WINEPREFIX=~/win32 sh winetricks ie6 $ winecfg
Go to Applications, set Windows Version to "Windows XP"
Installing StarCraft II
Installing from DVD
- Mount DVD/DVD Image, (unhide invisible data), for example:
$ mount -o ro,unhide,uid=1000 /dev/dvd /media/dvd (for the DVD) $ mount -o loop,ro,unhide,uid=your_id starcraft.iso /media/dvd (for an image)
- Start the installer:
$ wine start /unix /media/dvd/Installer.exe
Blizzard downloader
- Get the downloader from your battle.net account (you need to log in).
- You may want to go to View > Preferences and check "Don't throttle background download".
- During the install, you will need about twice the space of the installed game, since it downloads to a temporary directory (of your choice) before installing. This directory can be deleted after install.
Starcraft 2 demo
https://us.battle.net/account/sc2-demo.html The download is 1.56 GB. You need to have a battle.net account.
The demo got replaced by StarCraft II: Starter Edition.
Playing StarCraft II
$ cd .wine/drive_c/Program\ Files/StarCraft\ II/ $ wine start StarCraft\ II.exe
Or use the Starcraft II icon, but that'll make it more difficult to troubleshoot in case you have problems.
Hints for Performance Tuning
Ctrl+Alt+fshows FPS
- Launching the game with the -opengl flag has been reported to increase performance. (This may be specific to the mac version.)
- Disabling Shader in wine could help, if FPS is too low. (It may also cause the game to not work at all. Again, possibly only mac.)
- Make sure that you are not using old graphics drivers. Nvidia drivers should be 256.35 or later (extra/nvidia is up to date).
- Edit the variables.txt in your My Documents/Starcraft II/ following the guide here
If you are running a 64bit version of Arch Linux, you may have trouble getting the updating done. Since StarCraft 2 uses Internet Explorer to render all the HTML pages, you need to have Internet Explorer installed. However, by the installer of IE6 will warn you that 64bit is not supported. By default, if you have created your wine configuration directory (
~/.wine), it will be set to 64 bit. To overcome this problem, you can either recreate your
~/.wine configuration, or if you wish to keep your current
~/.wine configuration see the alternative method below. If you wish to recreate your
~/.wine configuration simply remove the
~/.wine directory, add
export WINEARCH="win32" to your
~/.bashrc, logout of X, login once again and launch wine. It should create a
~/.wine folder. Next install ie6 with
$ winetricks ie6
More information can be found here.
Alternative method: updating while keeping your 64bit ~/.wine directory
This method uses a separate wine directory installed as 32bit. So the first step is to setup this alternate wine configuratoin. The easiest way to do this is to install a wine configuration for a separate user. You do not need to logout for this, just open up your terminal of choice and:
$ login alternateuser
or if you're going to use root:
$ su
Enter password, remove any already existing wine configuration supposing you do not use wine from this user, then set wine to use 32bit architecture and generate the configuration:
$ export WINEARCH="win32" $ winecfg
Install/update the wine configuration. No other settings need to be set after updating so you can just close the wine configuration window. Then use winetricks to install ie6:
$ winetricks ie6
When that's done, use the new configuration to run Starcraft II.exe from your user's 64bit /home/user/.wine directory where Starcraft 2 is installed:
$ wine /home/user/.wine/drive_c/Program\ Files\ \(x86\)/Starcraft\ II/Starcraft\ II.exe
This will run the updater/patcher installing all the patch files to your 64bit ~/.wine directory using the alternate user's 32bit .wine directory containing ie6. Close the updater when it's finished and you can then remove the new 32bit .wine configuration or keep it for later updates. Now you can go back to playing from your regular user using 64bit wine.
Patch 1.5.0
- Intel HD Graphics 3000 have increased stability and gained around 10FPS, however you have to set
$ wine regedit Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Software/Wine/Direct3D VideoMemorySize 128
Otherwise it won't run and will exit with errors about too low video VRAM.
- Problems with updating
Start game and wait for updating to start.
$ wine "StarCraft II.exe"
When agent fails with:
Agent started on port #6882 Executing operation: disable_firewall applicationPath="C:\users\Public\Application Data\Battle.net\Agent\Agent.1199\Agent.exe" applicationName="Battle.net Update Agent" AgentAsAdmin failed to add a firewall exception for 'C:\users\Public\Application Data\Battle.net\Agent\Agent.1199\Agent.exe'. Registered Event: "shutdown event" Registered Event: "database flush event" PostTo succeeded status: 0 for url: http://enGB.patch.battle.net:1119/patch Post Data: <version program="Agnt"><record program="Bnet" component="Win" version="1" /><record program="Agnt" component="cdn" version="1" /><record program="Agnt" component="cfg" version="1" /><record program="Agnt" component="Win" version="1199" /></version> DownloadTo failed error: 0 of article: from: DownloadTo failed error: 0 of article: from: DownloadTo failed error: 0 of article: from:
Launch Agent.exe --nohttpauth
$ wine ~/.wine/drive_c/users/Public/AppData/Battle.net/Agent/Agent.exe --nohttpauth
Start StarCraft II again to re-launch updater:
$ wine "StarCraft II.exe"
- Game crashes when completing bonus objectives
If the game consistently crashes when completing bonus objectives, the reason might be that wine is missing the Arial font (source: http://eu.battle.net/sc2/en/forum/topic/6892929829).
$ pacman -S winetricks $ winetricks corefonts
Alternatively, copy Arial.TTF into ~/.wine/drive_c/windows/Fonts.
- For some, the game crashes upon exit. (There seems to be more issues with ati cards than nvidia.)
- For some, in-gamechange of resolution does not work. Editing 'width=x' and 'height=y' in Variables.txt in My Documents/Starcraft II solves this issue. Replace x and y with the prefered resolution.
- Graphics problems (No 3D background in menu, blue non-texturized units and other glitches) launch with the command below. You can also add this option to the .desktop entry in ~/.local/share/applications/wine/Programs/StarCraft II
force_s3tc_enable=true wine StarCraft II.exe
- If updates don't seem to work at all try to apply them manually. You can download European version patches here: http://eu.battle.net/support/en/article/starcraft-ii-patch-information. Check the bottom of that page for other regions. Then you execute the patch with wine.
- Be sure to have libjpeg6 installed. Otherwise, the updater won't work.
- Flickering lights emitted from SCV's thrusters and other light sources (see: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tsaEd-dTAlQ) may be because of missing registry entries:
[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Wine\Direct3D] "DirectDrawRenderer"="opengl" "Multisampling"="disabled" "OffscreenRenderingMode"="fbo" "PixelShaderMode"="enabled" "RenderTargetLockMode"="readtex" "StrictDrawOrdering"="disabled" "UseGLSL"="disabled" "VideoMemorySize"="128"
As told here with explanation for variables: http://wiki.winehq.org/UsefulRegistryKeys
It seems to fix the problem.
See also
- StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty (Retail) (WineHQ AppDB)
- StarCraft II crashes because of ACCESS_VIOLATION before the loading screen (WineHQ bug tracking database)
- World of Warcraft crashes upon login after 3.3.5 patch. (WineHQ bug tracking database)
- starcraft2 crashing on loading (Arch Linux forums)
- starcraft2 fails to update to patch 1.03 (Arch Linux forums)
- Patch News (battle.net EU forums)
- There used to be a link here about hotkey customization. Instead, here is a link telling us that's not allowed. (battle.net EU forums)


text: This study focuses on teenage users of public internet access venues (PAVs) in low-income neighbourhoods of Cape Town. It documents their cultivation of detailed ICT repertoires to make the most of available ICTs. It highlights the continuing importance of PAVs as supplements for poorly equipped schools, and reveals the incompleteness of any supposed transition to mobile-only internet use. While the mobile internet is opening up opportunities for young people, its current form still conflicts with the easy (global) rhetoric of a closing digital divide and the end of the PAV. We recommend policy and design actions (effecting rules, training, messaging, functionality, and Wi-Fi) to reconfigure PAVs to be more useful "in the age of the mobile internet". Though some actions require support from policymakers, this is fruitful ground for designers and technologists. We identify steps which can be undertaken immediately, rather than waiting for future device convergence or lower tariffs.


text:
sourcednow needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 334 designs submitted by 95 freelance designers.
We need a logo that will lead to what our new site is to be designed off of.
Company Name: Sourced Now
We are a product sourcing company that finds all kinds of products forclients globally. The logo needs to be Corporate and eye catching, butfriendly and down to earth as well.
Most of all make it centric to our company's services...just think "Sourcing, Looking, Finding, Selling".
This logo will be the basis of a new corporate image and website design.Website design contest will be following the logo contest. Thanks for thetime to apply....May the best designer win.
- Item 1...We need a logo with the following requirements:
Vector graphic logo (your program of choice), colored, but clear shape for monotone and alternate color printing.
- Item 1...I dont want a logo with a lot of colors that will not work in sigle color applications. one thing we are doing is getting stainless steel stamped business cards. So the logo must be simple enough to be stamped.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


text:
Welcome to my website! Whether you are seeking a rental property, a family home on the South Walton Beaches or Fort Walton Beach, or simply some great advice on buying or selling a home on Florida's beautiful Gulf Coast, you have come to the right place. Here, you will find up to date MLS listings of Northwest Florida properties, as well as a wide range of other tools that are available to you 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Registration and signup are always optional, but they will allow you to save the listings that most interest you and provide you with a password protected account. We will never share your information and are committed to respecting your privacy.
Our toolbar, located on the left side of the page, will enable you to create a custom property search using a wide range of filters. Whether you are looking for a short sale or are seeking current 30A beachfront properties, our website is designed to make it easy. If you are interested in a specific community, you will also find that we provide community pages that give you insight into the area, including schools, jobs, amenities, attractions, and more. If you are interested in Kelly Plantation , Scenic HWY 98 condos, or even South Walton commercial properties, we offer an easy way to look through current MLS listings that are updated daily! We also offer Destin News as well as a showcase of our featured properties, and don't forget to "Like" us on Facebook to get the latest and greatest listings right on your Timeline!
Take the time to browse our site and to find exactly what you are looking for. If you have any questions about the site, the listings, or the area, don't hesitate to give me a call at 850-708-7724 or to send me an email and I will be happy to assist you in any way possible!
Top Rated, For Sale:
Listing information deemed reliable but not guaranteed. Read full disclaimer.
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