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Call Us Toll Free!
Want to learn more on how to get life insurance?
Call us to find out about our affordable life insurance terms and policies which will fit your needs!
Don't Delay – Call Today!
Call hours – Mon-Sun 9am-7pm
Many people ignore insurance. They are not familiar with the different benefits they can get out of buying life insurance. They feel like they are just losing money if they will spend money for buying insurance. In the world of personal finance, insurance has a big role.
Term life insurance is ideally designed to ensure that people who cannot buy a complete life cover can also avail protection for their loved ones. The low premium ensures that you can afford insurance and hence protect your family in unforeseen circumstances.
If you are in your thirties, have young children and are the sole bread winner, a term plan would be ideal for you to help your family in your absence. You can choose the term to cover the time period till your children start earning and become self-sufficient.
There are other characteristics this type of life insurance . One is the fact that even though the policy is for a fixed term, most allow for renewal at the end of the coverage. This means you can extend coverage for another policy term. The biggest problem with this is the premiums often go up because of the renewal. Another characteristic is some policies allow for conversion to a permanent life policy if desired. A portion of the premiums paid before the conversion help to enhance the value of the permanent policy. This is one reason why this investment is popular.
There are two major categories of policies, the term insurance and whole life insurance. While term insurance has just an insurance component in most cases, whole life insurance has both insurance and savings components.
There are different types of term insurance policies. Each gives you an insurance cover for a certain number of years. Depending upon the policy, some of them give you the option to exit or renew the policy at fixed intervals.
Life insurance is one of the important thing to consider before investing money. Don't ignore it. Don't be in a hurry. Carefully plan your investment plan and one of your investment plan is to protect your income first. I hope you learned something today. If you have any questions or want to know more about investing, you can read blogs, ask on forums or attend investing seminars.
Merrittstown Life Insurance
Merrittstown Life Insurance
9 out of
10 with
221 reviews
History of Life Insurance in Merrittstown Pennsylvania
Life Insurance comes with many benefits. Nowadays, life insurance isn't just a contract between the insurer and insured, which provides protection against risk of life by paying a premium. For sustainability in the market, every company and product need to adopt the current demand and circumstances and same goes with the life insurance products too.
First of all, you should keep in mind that life insurance is a very important investment decision and it should be made after a lot of thinking. Buying a policy on someone's recommendation alone is not a good idea. In the same way, don't just buy an insurance policy based on the ads you have seen on TV or Internet. Keep in mind that not everyone is in need of this type of insurance.
When compared to whole life policies, one of the most significant characteristics is the low premiums associated with it. Whole life policies often carry higher premiums when compared to similar coverage in a term policy. Because there is a fixed period the insurance covers, the risk to the insurance company is lower than with a whole life policy. They pass that lowered risk along to the consumer in the form of lower premiums. Another reason for the lower premiums is the fact there is no accumulated cash value to the policy. The insurance company uses the premiums to cover the face value of the policy. There is no need to handle investments on the money for the benefit of the consumer.
The life insurance premiums may start off from a couple of pence per day based on the level of coverage you need. Aside from this, it also depends upon what may happen to you down the road. If you have been looking for a good life insurance policy, we suggest that you don't go for the first offer that some company sends to you. It's always a great idea to shop around.
Life Insurance Policies in Merrittstown Pennsylvania
It is imperative to make the most out of your money. Splitting your life insurance on multiple policies can save you more money. If you die while your kids are 3 & 5, you will need a lot more life insurance protection than if your kids are 35 & 40. Let's say your kids are 3 & 5 now and if you die, they will need at least $2,000,000 to live, to go to college, etc. Instead of getting $2,000,000 in permanent life insurance, which will be outrageously expensive, just go for term life insurance: $100,000 for permanent life insurance, $1,000,000 for a 10-year term insurance, $500,000 for a 20-year term insurance, and $400,000 of 30 years' term.
You may want to opt for a term life policy if you know that your family won't depend on you for their financial needs for good. For instance, many owners go for term life policies that give financial support to their kids until they move out and stand up on their feet. As soon as the kids become financially independent, you won't need to pay for the insurance policy and the beneficiaries will be dependent upon your contributions.
These days, life insurance policies are also available online. It has become very easy to compare quotes using the online medium. Premiums as well as various other features can be compared easily and as a result, it becomes easier to choose the best insurance policy. There is no dearth of web aggregators that make looking for a suitable policy easier and simpler. Prospective insurance buyers just need to share their requirements with the web portal and get most affordable quotes.
We've all seen and heard the ridiculously low-priced rates for term life insurance. They're not fake numbers but the reality is very few people actually qualify for the rates offered. The cost of life insurance is determined by two primary factors: Health and age, in that order.
Visit the website of your chosen insurance provider. Fill in the required personal details, like name, sex, age, health condition, state of permanent residence and answer a few short questions about your lifestyle. Then click on the button at the bottom of the questionnaire, which says, "Get Quote."
Life Insurance Prices in Fayette County 15463
Life insurance is never free and it's not a pension plan, although certain policies can indeed become self-funding–but they never start off that way.
Never buy any coverage that you feel strongly is unnecessary, never let yourself be pressured, and never borrow to finance life insurance.
Research by the non-profit The Coalition Against Insurance Fraud in Pennsylvania concludes that life insurance fraud committed by all parties costs an average household $1650 per year and increases life insurance premiums by 25%.
Choosing the insurance company is the next important part that you should consider. Some insurance customers are of the view all the companies are equal providing similar services. But this is totally untrue and such a case can never happen.
To our best of knowledge, we know that the quality of insurance policy differs with the quality of the company. There are several agencies which review the insuring companies and rate them on the basis of the investment quality. It is always advisable that you should know of all the services that you are paying for through the policy.
Requesting life insurance quotes from reputed companies empowers you to make an informed decision about the kind of policy that best meets your needs, gives you updated info about the premiums, coverage, tax benefits, duration, limitations and returns you can expect on maturity.
You should compare the quotes received, However, do not be carried away by insurance companies offering low premiums or too many benefits (these could be fraudulent companies out to make a fast buck at your expense). You should specifically note that higher life insurance premiums would have to be paid in case you are a smoker and have a history of using tobacco or if you are suffering from a chronic illness. The insurance company would obtain a copy of your past and current medical history as well. They would like you to furnish them with your personal information too. This personal information would be secured and no third party can have access to it. With ever increasing traffic, the internet has been flooded by conmen and cheats, who pose as life insurance providers and swindle your valuable money and misuse your name and credentials.
There is absolutely no obligation for you to buy your insurance policy from any of the companies on the list that you get. However, many do end up making a purchase after they see that how much they will end up saving money, after all we are living economically difficult times and money doesn't grow on trees.
Knowing the needs of your family may help you determine what type of insurance policy you need. We suggest that you don't follow "rule of thumb" guides that you may come across online. You know your needs. So, your decision will depend on your specific circumstances.


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Moeran, Brian (, 2009)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This paper describes and analyses preparations for the holding of an anthropologist potter's one-man show in a Japanese department store. Based on participant observation, it describes in detail the strategic planning of, and preparations for, the fieldworker's own pottery exhibition in a department store located in northern Kyushu, the southernmost of Japan's four main islands and home to a long tradition of porcelain and stoneware production. The paper focuses on the main players in the ceramic art world; the social interaction underpinning an exhibition; the conflicting ideals of 'aesthetics', display and money (pricing); and the ways in which different sets of values, and evaluating processes, affected the reception of the author's work. It concludes by developing a theory of values in the light of recent writings in the field of cultural economics. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7942
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subset: commoncrawl


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Hi all! I just released my lightweight GUI for TradeDangerous that I've been working on. It's not a full GUI, it just shows the TradeDangerous output in a scrollable window, but it's easier to use than the command line (at least for me ). It also has full auto-completion when typing system/station names and commodity items, and it can keep a log of your system jumps to a logfile (if enabled in the Settings tab). More information is in the readme.txt in the zip.
It's written in C#, so it's Windows-only and requires Microsoft .NET Framework 4.5.1. You just drop it into your TradeDangerous folder and go. Screenshot is below:
Attachment 16359
There are a few other things I want to add to the next version, including a tab to enter or update station data. You can download TDGUI from my site's download page here.
Happy Flying!


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Sep 13, 2010
The Georgia Southwestern men's basketball team will travel to NCAA Division I Auburn University on Nov. 30 for an 8 p.m. (EST) matchup with the Tigers in the brand new 9,600-seat Auburn Arena.
It's been almost 27 years since the Hurricanes have played a school out of major Division I conference. GSW came up short against the University of Texas in 1983, losing 77-60 in Austin.
Interested in attending the game? Ticket info ???rmation will b???e?????? ???a???v???a???i???l???a???b???l???e??? ???s???o???o???n??? ???a???t??? ??????http://auburntigers.cstv.com/tickets/


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We use cookies to make your experience better. To comply with the new e-Privacy directive, we need to ask for your consent to set the cookies. Learn more.
NS Design
NS Design is the brainchild of revered instrument designer Ned Steinberger. After great success designing highly ergonomic, great souding guitars and bass guitars in the 1980's, Ned turned his designer's eye to the bowed stringed instruments with a goal to create a highly playable, professional-sounding electric violin instrument family. NS Design violins look futuristic, yet they feel quite normal and are comfortable to play. The shoulder pad is adjustable in all three axes, allowing for perhaps the greatest playing comfort of any violin, electric or acoustic! The upper bout substitute feels realistic and is removable for lightning fast shifts. The bridge height is independently adjustable on both bass and treble sides, allowing you to quickly set your ideal action for all strings . NS Design produces three series of electric violins: WAV, NXTa and CR.
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text: KUAF (91.3 FM) is the flagship National Public Radio member station for western Arkansas, United States. The station is owned by the University of Arkansas, with studios on the school's campus in Fayetteville. Its powerful 100,000-watt signal also serves Fort Smith as well. The station airs classical music most of the day, along with news and talk programming from NPR. Presently, a new home is being built for KUAF across the street from the Fayetteville Public Library.


text: A massive plume of ash billows up into the sky as Mount Tongariro erupts at Tongariro National Park earlier today in New Zealand. Reuters /Landov hide caption toggle caption Reuters /Landov The Two-Way Does Frodo Know? There's Rumbling Near 'Mount Doom' November 21, 2012 Ash is spewing thousands of feet into the air from a volcano in the New Zealand national park where Lord of the Ring's climatic scenes were shot. Scientists are warning that the peak that served as a stand-in for "Mount Doom" may soon erupt.


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Unit A: Looking at Plants and Animals
The books listed below may be available through publishers, distributors such as bookstores or online retailers, or library systems.
Leveled Independent Science Books
Extra Support
- What Will I Be?
- Summary: See colorful pictures of baby animals and the way they look as adults.
On Level
- I Can Hop. Can You?
- Summary: Explore the ways animals and people move.
- A Walk in My Woods
- Summary: Take a tour of the woods and see the many plants and how they grow.
- Seeds! Seeds! Seeds!
- Buddy Bear learns all about how seeds look, germinate, and grow.
- Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds
- Text and photographs describe the parts of plants and what they do.
- Life Cycle of a Turtle
- This book describes the physical characteristics and developmental stages of turtles.
- What Do You Do with a Tail Like This?
- Explore some of the many things animals can do with their eyes, feet, tails, and other parts.


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For Granted is a nonprofit organization committed to improving lives in underserved communities around the world. We redistribute educational supplies to disadvantaged children and support community-based projects that fulfill basic life needs. Our goal is to empower children by giving them the tools they need to reach their full potential. Children's lives and the well-being of their families and communities are significantly improved when they are given the opportunity to succeed in their education and to live in a healthy, safe environment. For Granted works closely with local partners on sustainable development projects to improve the welfare of children, one village at a time.
Enjoy our website and please contact us if you would like further information on any of our projects or to find out how you can get involved with For Granted's efforts to help disadvantaged children and their communities.
For Granted, Inc. is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. All donations go towards For Granted programs and are tax deductible.


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At SuperPaydayLoan.COM, we've made it our own mission for assist you in finding
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The SuperPaydayLoan.COM application is fast, easy, totally online and involves no standing in lines at any Adams, WI loan store. The online loan platform is not only stress-free but also secure because it engages a latest 256-bit encryption technology to ensure the complete safety and confidentiality of your private information. Get started today and you can get money in your account as soon as tomorrow!
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About .KIWI domains
DotKIWI Limited is the sponsor and CIRA is the backend provider for the .kiwi extension.
Note: As of October 11, 2016, GoDaddy will support new registrations, renewals, and transfers for standard domains only. We will continue to support renewals and transfers for our customers who already have premium domains.
Registration periods
|General availability
|Begins August 28, 2014 at 18:00 UTC
These domain names can have up to 63 characters, with a minimum of 1 character, and can contain letters (a-z), numbers (0-9) and hyphens (except as the first or last characters of the domain name). You cannot register domain names with special characters such as & and #.
|Registration length
|1 - 10 years
|Renewal length
|1 - 10 years
|Transfers to
|Transfers away
|Private Registration
|Protected Registration
|Bulk Registration
|Account change
|Contact updates
|NZ Latin Language characters
Who can register these domains?
Anyone can register .kiwi domain names on a first-come, first-served basis.
We'll attempt to auto-renew your domain on its expiration date. We'll park domains after the first failed billing attempt. If the domain isn't renewed within 40 days following expiration, we cancel it and remove it from your account.
Refund policy
For details on refunds, please visit GoDaddy's Refund Policy page.Most domains will follow the Standard Terms, but certain domains will have exceptions or may not be refundable at all. Look under BOTH of the following categories:
- Products with Special Refund Terms (look under Domain Name Registrations/Renewals)
- Products Not Eligible for Refunds
Nameserver requirements
One nameserver is required for domains to resolve, and a maximum of 13 nameservers is allowed. DNSSEC, IPv4 and IPv6 are supported.
Want to buy a .kiwi domain? Check here for details today!


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Once word got out that the AR-15, a consumer-grade knockoff of the M-16, was used to carry out the massacre in Newtown, it didn't take long for someone to find the "Man Card" ad campaign.
Concocted two years ago for Bushmaster, the rifle's North Carolina-based maker, the web ads offer various tests of manliness — Do you "think tofu is an acceptable meat substitute"? Avoid eye contact with "tough-looking 5th graders?" — and suggest that a "Man Card" can be revoked, then reissued with the purchase of a gun.
It's easy to blast Bushmaster for its bottom-feeding ways, but it's also a little too pat. The ad campaign didn't invent anything new; it's just a tongue-in-cheek riff on the well-known connection between masculinity and guns.
As cultural ideas go, you can't get much more universal; the gun-as-manhood link applies to young male gang members who terrorize urban streets, and to profoundly disturbed 20-somethings in the suburbs who channel their demons into mass slaughter. We'll never get inside Adam Lanza's mind, but whatever the proximate causes of his horrifying act — whether he felt bullied or abandoned or misunderstood — they lead back to the unavoidable fact that guns made him feel strong.
"If he was wanting to make a particularly violent and masculine statement, he's got easy access to one of the symbols we most closely associate with powerful masculinity," says Jimmy Taylor, a sociologist at the University of Ohio-Zanesville and the author of "American Gun Culture."
In the coming months, if most of us are lucky and some of us are brave, our nation's leaders will take important steps to limit access to guns and increase access to mental health services. But as Taylor and others have pointed out, it will be hard to change the future without also changing the culture.
And if it's hard to imagine successful gun control, a cultural change seems near-impossible — partly because so many of us are complicit in the problem, without much apparent consequence. Plenty of teenagers play warmongering video games and lionize "The Dark Knight" without resorting to violence. Still, there's something wrong about the way we teach kids to glorify weapons, from startlingly young ages. For his fourth birthday, someone gave my son a "Cars 2"-themed toy: the friendly tow truck Mater, whose hood opened up to reveal military weapons. (I don't think the gift-givers had any idea the guns were there.)
Keeping a toy like that off store shelves will come down to two factors: money and shame. Money comes first. Cerberus, the private equity firm, is selling Bushmaster's parent company because a major client, The California State Teachers Retirement System, had threatened to pull its business.
Likewise, if we want to really convince the toy-and-entertainment-industrial-complex to end its glorification of guns, we'll have to deal with money, in the form of demand.
That's where the shame comes in.
Taylor suggests beginning with public service announcements, maybe modeled on the recent "Fighting Words" campaign aimed at stopping slurs against gay teens. The messsage would have to be short and simple, he says, something like "Guns don't make you a man — it's your actions."
It's a quixotic idea, but it's not a bad start. I have strong memories of the "Don't be a Draggin' Lady" anti-smoking campaign launched by the American Cancer Society in the '80s: the chain-smoking woman who grosses out her friends with her bad-smelling "dragon breath." One thing that has helped reduce smoking rate in the United States is a growing social stigma: the notion that smoking isn't just unhealthy, but also kind of pathetic.
There is already a stigma against guns, Taylor says. When he interviewed gun owners for his book, they'd often start out with disclaimers: I'm a veteran, I'm not violent, I'm not crazy.
So imagine if they also had to say, "I'm not weak." Imagine if wielding a gun wasn't seen as an act of power, but the opposite: a pathetic crutch, used only by someone who needed to overcompensate.
Maybe it's a pipe dream. I wouldn't expect much support from Hollywood or the video gaming industry. But if someone wants to come up with an ad campaign — some inversion of the "Man Card" — I'll bet it would go viral. I'll tweet first.Joanna Weiss can be reached at email@example.com. Follower her on Twitter @JoannaWeiss.


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Bharat Book Bureau Provides the Trending Market Research Report on "Global Coffee Makers Market Survey and Trend Research 2018" under Consumer Goods Category. The report offers a collection of superior market research, market analysis, competitive intelligence and industry reports.
Global Coffee Makers Market Report describes the development of the industry by upstream & downstream, industry overall and development, key companies, as well as type segment & market application and so on, and makes a scientific prediction for the development industry prospects on the basis of analysis, finally, analyzes opportunities for investment in the industry at the end of the report.
Industry Chain
* Raw Materials
* Cost
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Industry Overall:
* History
* Development & Trend
* Market Competition
* Trade Overview
* Policy
Request a free sample copy of Coffee Makers Market Report @ https://www.bharatbook.com/MarketReports/Sample/Reports/1122271
Region (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle East, Africa):
* Regional Market
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* Sales
* Regional Trade
* Regional Forecast
Company (Keurig Green Mountain, Panasonic, Nestlé Nespresso, Jarden, Electrolux, Electrolux, Melitta, Morphy Richards, Philips, Hamilton Beach, Illy, Bosch, Tsann Kuen, Krups, Jura, La Cimbali, Fashion, Zojirushi, Bear, Schaerer etc.):
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Investment Analysis:
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Browse our full report with Table of Contents: https://www.bharatbook.com/MarketReports/Global-Coffee-Makers-Market-Survey-and-Trend-Research-2018/1122271
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text:
Highest image quality with minimum effort
In the growing market of Surface Vision / Machine Vision solutions, image quality, resolution and ease of integration are becoming more and more important success factors. Automating previously manual quality controls opens up a large potential for cost reduction. In addition, the area of detection, selection and positioning provides a wide area of application for optical solutions.
For several decades, Mitsubishi Electric has been the worldwide leading supplier of CMOS chip-based Contact Image Sensors (CIS) for professional image capture. These sensors, marketed under the name Mitsubishi Electric - Line Scan Bar, feature not only high image quality, resolution and line rate, but also a very compact design ideal for integration in machines or mechanical devices.
Through consistent and continuous further development of the CIS technology, Mitsubishi Electric offers the sensors in increasingly higher resolutions and larger widths. The Line Scan Bar is therefore a real alternative to well-known line scan cameras, but it also offers a whole series of additional benefits.
Your contact persons for CIS-solutions are here: Contact page
Mitsubishi Electric's "Preferred Distributor" STEMMER IMAGING GmbH demonstrates the manifold applications of Mitsubishi Electric CIS KD – Contact Image Sensors. Watch the video.
Know-how - Contact Image Sensors
The Mitsubishi Electric - Line Scan Bar is a CMOS-based sensor for optical image capture. The image is captured line-by-line, and this data is then composited into a complete image by a frame grabber card. The light reflected by an object through a lens is recorded in the Line Scan Bar and directed to a photodiode. This converts the incoming light into an electrical signal whose strength is proportional to the light intensity. In an analogue to digital converter, the signal is finally converted into an 8- or 10-bit value. An essential part of the Line Scan Bar is the 'Grin lens' - a gradient-index lens, allowing distortion-free 1:1 representation of the object on the sensor surface, thereby crucially contributing to the high image recording quality. The sensor is also a trilinear sensor, i.e. it has a separate sensitive area for red, green and blue light. It is therefore a colour sensor that records true-colour images. For simple applications, the sensor is also available in a monochrome version that only detects gray values.
|Mitsubishi Line Scan Bar CX
|Scan width
|367 mm
|587 mm
|807 mm
|Number of pixels
|Possible resolutions
|600/300/200/150 dpi
|Line frequency at 600 dpi
|55 KHz
|Line frequency at 300 dpi
|91.8 KHz
|Line frequency at 200 dpi
|110 KHz
|Line frequency at 150 dpi
|110 KHz
|Power supply
|Dimensions in mm (w x h x d)
|433.2 x 98.3 x 62
|653.1 x 98.3 x 62
|873.1 x 98.3 x 62
|Mitsubishi Line Scan Bar AX
|Scan width
|309 mm
|619 mm
|926 mm
|Number of pixels
|600 dpi
|Line frequency at 600 dpi
|23 KHz
|Power supply
|Dimensions in mm (w x h x d)
|377 x 71 x 62
|688 x 71 x 62
|1,040 x 71 x 62
Simple and unbeatable
Integrated LED illumination
A highly intensive and homogeneous LED illumination is integrated directly in the frame of the sensor housing. The illumination is therefore always optimally aligned on the sensor. Cumbersome calibration and alignment of external light sources is unnecessary. Another advantage is that an additional power supply can be omitted.
For inspection tasks in transmitted light or in special lighting specifications, our sensors are also optionally available without integrated LED illumination.
Integrated optics
In conventional line scan cameras, the image is distorted towards the edge by the lens used. The Line Scan Bar, however, guarantees a distortion-free 1:1 copy of the object. This is achieved by means of a specially designed array of rod lenses, GRIN lenses, with a defined working distance that produce the necessary telecentric captured radiation. This is an optimal prerequisite for the quality inspection of problematic surfaces. Furthermore, it also eliminates the need for time-consuming alignment or focus during the commissioning.
Sensor ICs
The Mitsubishi Electric - Line Scan Bar uses CMOS high-end chips for high-speed image acquisition, a defined pixel size of 0.042 mm and real trilinear CMOS chips with RGB filters.
For applications in which no colour image is necessary, a monochrome CIS sensor is also available.
Compact design
Due to its very compact design, the sensor only requires a fraction of the space that a system still based on line scan cameras would need. This allows system integrators and machine manufacturers more installation options when integrating the sensors in machines or systems - and important cost savings.
Easy mounting and installation
The Line Scan Bar is mounted to the side of the machine wall by just four screws at a working distance of 12 mm from the protective glass surface. Then the power cable and the data cable are simply plugged in, and assembly is completed. Time-consuming calibration, alignment or other settings are no longer necessary. The Line Scan Bar is pre-calibrated at the factory with a white/black correction. Compared with the assembly of a normal line camera system, a time-saving of up to two days assembly time can be achieved with the Line Scan Bar from Mitsubishi Electric.
Low service costs
Thanks to its easy installation, any replacement of the Line Scan Bar that is required can be done by the in-house technicians. There are no costs for deployment of service staff. Here also, there is an enormous savings potential for the end-user and the system integrator or machine manufacturer.
Universally excellent
- Paper
- Foil
- Textiles
- Metal
- Wood
- Flat glass
- Other webfeed products
- Circuit boards
- Wafers
- Solar panels
- Flat panel displays
- Paper
- Foil
- Textile
- Holograms
- Foil elements
- Bank notes and IDs
- Sorting
- 2D-Robot Vision
- 2D measurement
- Position monitoring
- Orientation monitoring


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Discussion in 'Installation/Configuration' started by blub9898, Jan 5, 2013.
how do I please turn stop the live wall paper from connecting to the web?
LiveWallpaper is a simple application which replaces our boring default wallpaper with a completely animated OpenGL wallpaper. At this moment, LiveWallpaper only comes with two animated wallpapers: Nexus and Galaxy.
Separate names with a comma.


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Not much talk about the failure of the refs to either runoff 10 seconds or make the phins use their last timeout. The clock was running when the penalty was called so a stoppage by penalty on the offensive team requires either the runoff or use of a timeout to negate the runoff, this would have either A) put time pressure on the phins, mainly because they ran off approx 15 seconds b4 taking their last timeout prior to the kick or B) put even more pressure/change strategy cause of no timeouts left.
The Seahawks should demand an explanation from the league as to why it was not enforced.


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All of us are guilty of a few bad financial habits. When financial advisers first meet with clients, they usually find a familiar set of money-losing miscues, from checking credit reports too infrequently (or not at all), paying too much for insurance, or buying stocks for the wrong reasons.
Rarely are any of these bad habits alone enough to sink us. But taken together over time, these small leaks in our financial ship rob us of amounts we'd never stand for losing all at once.
We asked several financial advisers to name the most common personal finance mistakes they find, and provide solutions to each. The good news is that some of the most frequently made missteps are also the most preventable.
Ahead of the new year -- always the season for financial reckoning -- we offer a look at these common mistakes, and ways to stop making them.
By Jennifer Leigh Parker
Updated 20 December 2012


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"The pain radiates from her neck into the right shoulder, then down the dorsal aspect of the arm and hand into the 7th & 8th fingers."
Tuesday, August 21, 2012
Does she live near a nuclear plant?
"The pain radiates from her neck into the right shoulder, then down the dorsal aspect of the arm and hand into the 7th & 8th fingers."
15 comments:
spoken like a neurologist.the cervical root origin is more important than the finger.
- August 21, 2012 at 4:18 AM
Who said 'she' has got to be human?
Perhaps you got the vet's notes in error...10-toed sloth perhaps?
- August 21, 2012 at 5:14 AM
I thought only cats displayed that level of polydacyly.
- August 21, 2012 at 6:24 AM
I hear it's not so bad until you get to number nine.
- August 21, 2012 at 7:46 AM
I recall one of the most popular boys in grade school had 6 toes. Popularity was much easier then...
- August 21, 2012 at 9:02 AM
- Packer said...
Oh, crap I thought I was going to be the first one to get to use polydactylism in a sentence in comments.
Use it in a sentence three times and the word is yours for life.
- August 21, 2012 at 9:41 AM
Huh, which nerve root is involved in that?
- August 21, 2012 at 2:34 PM
- Mari-Ann said...
Crap, that kind of made sense to me. Time for an Alzheimber's eval?
- August 21, 2012 at 3:28 PM
- 23 Skidoo said...
Ha! And at first I thought you meant it because the pain was radiating..
- August 21, 2012 at 5:18 PM
Yall are making me...nervous.
- August 21, 2012 at 6:36 PM
- Just Me said...
Wow - totally embarrased that I was able to read this several times before the 7th and 8th fingers were flagged....off for more tea!
- August 22, 2012 at 1:55 PM
Well, if the fingers of one hand are numbered 1 to 5, and the fingers of the other hand are numbered 6 to 10, then there is no problem of polydactylism.
- August 22, 2012 at 10:05 PM
Is this like dentistry, where every tooth is given a unique number? By knowing the number you know exactly which tooth is being discussed?
Is every finger/thumb given a unique number?
- August 23, 2012 at 11:25 AM
- 23 Skidoo said...
Sadly, no, each digit is not numbered sequentially across both hands. They are subdivided into Left and Right 1-5.
- August 23, 2012 at 2:16 PM
- Aeris said...
Yet all the neurologists probably skipped the "finger" and substituted C7/C8 instead. I know I did... Then had to reread...
- August 27, 2012 at 4:31 PM


text:
The Scottish GENES blog has now ceased publication - for continuing Scottish news please refer to its sister blog, British GENES, at http://britishgenes.blogspot.com. The Scottish GENES posts will remain online as an archive of Scottish genealogical news from 2007-2011. Alba - agus Scottish GENES - gu bràth!
Thursday, 18 March 2010
WDYTYA USA to be shown on Watch & BBC
Following a conversation with a Wall to Wall spokesperson a fortnight ago I announced that Who Do You Think You Are USA would be shown on the BBC prior to the next British run of the series - in fact, it looks like UKTV has in fact secured the rights for its Watch channel. A press release from the channel includes the following:
Paul Moreton, the Watch channel head, said: "I'm incredibly delighted that we've secured the U.S. version of Who Do You Think You Are? Getting such an invaluable insight into the lives of some of Hollywood's biggest stars means this is real must-see family telly, perfect for Watch."
So there...! The full release is on Dick Eastman's site at http://blog.eogn.com/eastmans_online_genealogy/2010/03/us-version-of-who-do-you-think-you-are-to-be-broadcast-in-the-uk.html.
Going off now to shoot myself*...
(*No, not really...)
PS: I should add that I have now seen the first episode - it is very funny stylistically, it has that OTT style we come to know and love from American adaptations of British shows. When I suggested the Gordon Ramsay USA style I hate to admit it, but I was not a million miles off the mark...! Not a comment on the factual content, just the style e.g. lines such as "Seven of the world's best loved celebrities", when I've personally only heard of three of them. Can you imagine the Bill Oddie programme - "The world's most famous ornithologist..." etc!! Love it!
UPDATE - I was RIGHT first time! The press release from UKTV talked about acquisition of "exclusive U.K. multichannel and non-linear broadcast rights for the show", but my ex-TV radar kicked in as there was no mention of "UK terrestrial rights". I have therefore contacted UKTV and have been told the following by its press office: "It will run on the BBC first and then Watch. Hope that helps."
So it is official - the BBC is showing it first, and then the multichannel re-runs will be exclusive to Watch.
I need a drink! :)
Professional genealogical problem solving and research
Researching Scottish Family History (New book)
7 comments:
I know what you mean about the over-the-top presentation, but the list of celebrities is fairly high-profile, assuming a working knowledge of US TV and Hollywood movies of the last 10-15 years.
With the exception of Emmitt Smith, although you might be surprised how many will have heard of him, given he's an NFL great and Dancing with the Stars contestant.
How many UK-based NFL fans are likely to tune into this show is open to debate I guess though... (I will be!)
- 18 March 2010 at 12:03
I think that the series will be shown on BBC as you mentioned earlier. I did a google on UKTV and found a news realease which states that it is a joint deal between the BBC and UKTV.
- 18 March 2010 at 13:03
I was confused when I read this announcement on EOGN, having thought that the BBC were going to be showing the US series.
It makes me wonder whether they are talking about two different versions, the unedited US version and the anglicised version?
- 18 March 2010 at 13:22
- Chris Paton said...
You may be right about two deals - the UKTV release does say "UKTV now holds the exclusive U.K. multichannel and non-linear broadcast rights for the show, which will premiere on Watch later this year" - i.e. multichannel and non-linear broadcast rights. Does hat include terrestrial rights? But it does also say "premiere"... hmmm!
Sadly, there's no point asking the BBC - they are fairly useless and ten not to confirm anything until two weeks prior to tx.
- 18 March 2010 at 13:38
- Chris Paton said...
OK folks - check out the update! I have it straight from the horse's mouth (from UKTV) - the BBC WILL be showing it first, prior to digital repeats on Watch.
- 18 March 2010 at 15:40
- KathyJN said...
I think I'll wait for it to air on BBC, once it's been cleaned of its typical US over-the-top style and has no advertisements. I am in the US and got used to the UK version (thanks to a proxy server). Watching our US version makes me cringe.
- 18 March 2010 at 18:05
- Catherine said...
Are we able to see the UK version of WDYTWA in the US?
Thank you.
- 21 March 2010 at 03:28


text:
When I started at Kennedy Library in August 2011 I often heard about Jordan Hooper, a library student assistant who was going to join me in Communications and Public Programs in the fall. She's great! people would tell me. You're so lucky! they'd say. When is she coming back? they'd ask. We all seemed to be counting down the days — even me, even though I hadn't yet met her.
Now that I've worked with her for the last nine months I understand why (because she is awesome and indeed, I've been very lucky). Jordan has brought not only a thoughtful student perspective to her work at the library (not just with me, but also in Interlibrary Services and with the Student Library Advisory Council over the last few years) but also her questions, relative fearlessness and fun ideas. While of course she will be missed, I'm excited to find out where her interests and her new Cal Poly degree in English take her!
When did you start working at the library and what were you hired to do?
I started working at the library in September 2009 and worked in Interlibrary Services. I was searching, shipping, and scanning books for Cal Poly and other library patrons around the state, nation and world! I was then hired the following year to promote the Science Café program because of a blog I wrote for a class.
What do you do in a typical workday now?
I really don't have a typical workday right now. I normally have a project I'm working on such as editing a video interview, publicizing an event, or researching new ways the library can interact with students. I still work at Interlibrary Services so I split my time there with the Public Programs job. It's fun moving around the library during the day because not only does it make the day go by faster, but it's fun working with different groups of people. I get a lot of comments on how I seem to be everywhere.
What have you most enjoyed about your time working at Kennedy Library?
Honestly, I have really enjoyed the people I have worked with here. Everyone that works here is so unique and has so much good advice to give, whether it's about academics, cooking, careers, love, or just life in general. The people at the library have some of the best personalities and attitudes I have ever experienced in a workplace and have encouraged me to find a career that I love and am excited about.
What changes have you seen in the time that you've been here?
The first change I remember seeing is the Poly Connect Lab opening as a 24-hour space. Then came the red chairs with the swivel tables, and after that was the atrium renovation! I have also seen a change in student enthusiasm for the library. Students have turned their complaints into compliments, and sarcasm to suggestion. I think the new changes such as reserving computers, the plasma screens, the computer availability app, and new furniture have definitely helped in turning pessimistic attitudes into positive ones.
What would you like to do next, now that you've graduated?
I would like to see things that I haven't been able to while working within the San Luis Obispo bubble. As much as I love this place, it's time for a new adventure. Whether that is returning home to Fresno, where you can find me working at the Chaffee Zoo this summer, or exploring a different corner of the world, I would like to enjoy life.
More specifically, I'm looking at careers in publishing, editing and digital marketing. So if you know of anyone hiring, let me know!
How do you think your work experience at the library will be useful in your professional future?
My work experience at the library will be useful because of what I did on a day-to-day basis. It taught me how to work with people in a professional setting, coordinate events while still having fun, be organized with paperwork and computer files (keeping everything backed up), and also how to ask good questions. I have learned that once you think you have everything figured out, something happens that unearths questions you didn't even know you had.
When you return to Cal Poly in five, ten, twenty years, what do you hope to see?
I honestly hope to see that Cal Poly students are still on the quarter system. It is what makes Cal Poly stand out and excel above other schools. Students get a variety of classes, more chances to take the ones they need, and short 10 week quarters. That is what I hope to see the most. I also would like to see a new library building that looks more like the second floor, creating comfortable areas for students to eat, study, and collaborate.
Thank you, Jordan! We look forward to staying in touch.


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- This event has passed.
SpeedQuizzing with Box Entertainment
January 11, 2018 @ 8:30 pm - 11:00 pm
|Recurring Event (See all)
Every week on Thursday until January 3, 2019
Thursday Night, get you quiz on with Box Entertainment as we go 'SpeedQuizzing'.
It's a brand new way to do that pub favourite past-time but all done via your moby!
No pens, no paper, no cheating!
Leagues, one off's, new teams & players welcome to join the fun every Thursday from 8.30pm. £2 p/p, & a weekly 'Prize Platter' up for grabs!


text:
Robert B. Reeves needed a new web page design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 139 designs submitted by 25 freelance designers.
The Reeves Law Group
We are a large, well-known and respected law firm specializing in accident and injury cases only
Our market would be the entire state of California.
Check out the new-look-rev1.jpg for concept ideas
The redesign must have Prominent Display of "Some Results", "Free Consultation", "Flash Video", collapsible side menu, our phone number and the group photo.
The concept design is the look we are going for, but feel free to modify it in anyway as you see fit. The new Header will have to contain the photo of the firm's employees, feel free to reuse the header or create a new header based on the concept. The Flash Video template will also need to be created, it should share a common theme with the website, feel free to reuse the video from the concept.
Feel free to try a different color scheme, however we are very fond of the color scheme in the concept. Also feel free to try a design concept that makes the dollar amounts in the "some results" of the right column more eye catching.
If you want to see our current site, please goto http://www.robertreeveslaw.com


text:
As our regular readers know, it's been more than a year since MF Global filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. In the ensuing months, the saga has brought revelations of regulatory lapses, missing customer money, squabbling trustees and charges of executive misconduct. On Thursday, a House Financial Services investigative subcommittee issued a 100-page report breaking down the MF Global bankruptcy and assigning blame among the various executives, officials and regulators involved in the firm's downfall.
In honor of the report, and our MF Global-focused November issue, Futures decided to give our take on the 15 most important figures in the year-long saga.


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Virally-induced Cell Membrane Lipids as a Tool for the Study and Manipulation of Cell Death and Cell Immunity
Helen Fredricks, Marine Chemistry & GeochemistryBen Van Mooy, Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry
OLI Grant Funded 2009
We propose to determine the exact molecular structures of two specific membrane lipids from the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi that appear in response to infection by coccolithoviruses. Preliminary experiments have shown one of these molecules induces programmed cell death in the host, while the other molecule effectively 'immunizes' the host against infection by the same virus. Not yet reported in the literature, these membrane lipids could provide key insights on algae/virus infection mechanisms. Furthermore, these two molecules could act as powerful tools in manipulating programmed cell death (i.e. apoptosis) and viral defense in other algal systems used for production of biofuels. Viruses are estimated to be the second most abundant source of biomass after prokaryotes and the most abundant biological entity in the world's oceans. They infect nearly every living organism and thus have a major influence in both terrestrial and marine environments, not to mention their impact on one species in particular – Homo sapiens. This work will not only increase our understanding of viruses in the marine environment – for example their influence in the control of marine blooms – but will also have a broader impact on our understanding of viruses in general, and possibly on future therapies involving apoptosis or viral infection in humans.


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9:00 am
Democracy Now! NULL
10:00 am
Outdoor Idaho "Idaho Water Handbook" OUTDOOR IDAHO goes to where the water is - streams, rivers, reservoirs, aquifers - with scientists, farmers, conservationists and water officials to learn more about the uses and limits of the state's water as well as the laws and plans that determine its allocation.G
10:30 am
Dialogue "Bravo!" Host Marcia Franklin talks with Ken and Betty Rodgers, Idahoans who produced a documentary called Bravo! Common Men, Uncommon Valor about the siege of Khe Sanh in Vietnam. They are joined for this Veterans Day-inspired show by Steve Wiese, who with Ken Rodgers, was a member of Bravo Company, First Battalion, 26th Marine Regiment, which fought in the 1968 battle.G
11:00 am
Asian Voices NULL
11:30 am
Asia Biz Forecast NULL
12:00 pm
America ReFramed "The Way We Get By" On call 24 hours a day for the past five years, a group of senior citizens has made history by greeting nearly 800,000 American troops at a tiny airport in Bangor, Maine. This film is an intimate look at three of these greeters as they confront the universal losses that come with aging and rediscover their reason for living. Bill Knight, Jerry Mundy and Joan Gaudet find the strength to overcome their personal battles and transform their lives through service. D
1:30 pm
New Environmentalists "From Chicago to the Karoo" The New Environmentalists: From Chicago to the Karoo is the latest installment of the Emmy award winning series featuring portraits of six passionate and dedicated activists. They are true environmental heroes who have placed themselves squarely in harm's way to battle intimidating adversaries, while often creating partnerships with unlikely allies. The New Environmentalists share a common goal, safeguarding the Earth's natural resources from exploitation and pollution, while fighting for environmental justice in their communities. D
2:00 pm
Global Voices "Bolinao 52" A group of Vietnamese survivors of a tragic boat accident struggle to find peace years after the incident took place. D
3:00 pm
Charlie Rose NULL
4:00 pm
4:30 pm
Journal NULL
5:00 pm
Independent Lens "Don't Stop Believin': Everyman's Journey" This film follows the real life rock 'n' roll fairy tale of Filipino Arnel Pineda, who was plucked from YouTube to become the front man for iconic American rock band Journey. In this Cinderella story for the ages, Arnel, having overcome a lifetime's worth of hardships, must now navigate the immense pressures of replacing a legendary singer and leading a world-renowned band on their most extensive world tour in years. D
6:30 pm
POV "5 Broken Cameras" This film is a deeply personal first-hand account of life and nonviolent resistance in Bil'in, a West Bank village where Israel is building a security fence. Palestinian Emad Burnat, who bought his first camera in 2005 to record the birth of his youngest son, shot the film and Israeli filmmaker Guy Davidi co-directed. The filmmakers follow one family's evolution over five years, witnessing a child's growth from a newborn baby into a young boy who observes the world unfolding around him. D
8:00 pm
PBS NewsHour NULL
9:00 pm
Nightly Business Report Tonight on Nightly Business Report, the Department of Health and Human Services tells NBR how many people purchased policies on the troubled federal exchange. But what do the numbers say about the health of the new law? And, Macy's surprises investors with a strong quarter, pushing its stock to a record. Is the consumer stronger than first thought?. D
9:30 pm
Journal NULL
10:00 pm
Charlie Rose NULL
11:00 pm
JFK: American Experience "Part One" This biography of President John F. Kennedy is part of a group of programs honoring the 50th anniversary of his assassination in Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963. Interviews with family members and historians trace his transformation from sickly youth to Washington's most eligible bachelor to the nation's president. His national campaign is the first to be waged on television, an advantage for the telegenic candidate, helping him win the election despite his lack of legislative achievements and his Catholicism. Part 1 of 2G


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This was a fun exercise, but I'm sure there are many more questions that can be answered with this data set. I've compiled everything in an open google spreadsheet. I've enabled editing in the spreadsheet so feel free to add apps I might have missed or create additional charts and analysis.
And in the spirit of full disclosure, he's my current homescreen.
This post first appeared on our Medium publication "Notes on Numbers, where we're starting to share some of our thoughts and editorial experiments. Follow along with us there.


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Comments on Frameworks for Designers
by Jeff Croft
55 Reader CommentsBack to the Article
Excellent article, Jeff. I think that the other frameworks get covered often (JS and Rails, Django, Cake) - but the Y!UI library and others don't seem to get as much exposure. I think design has a completely different need, but the same principles apply (just as you said you didn't use Yahoo due to specific needs). I like to keep it simple, as you have shown, then override where necessary (same as if you were using any other framework).
Thanks for sharing some insight into your construction. I would be interested to see more on the baseline grid for your typography - do you include all block level elements, or target specific ones to set the margins/line height? I've found this to be tricky when you have images that can be different dimensions - but I love how the grid comes together and everything lines up.
Larger web development companies benefit from centralized framework more in updating hundreds of sites in a hurry. Updating CMS or other functionality in dozens of sites at once might be a recipe for catastrophe. Centralized frameworks in templates and css can make this process a lot more straight forward and orderly.
With new browser versions popping up now than maybe ever before, the need for stable process is lifesaver for site managers.
Frameworks also help getting new employees up to date with company's development standards fast.
Unless you are dealing with a really large stylesheet, handling everything in a single stylesheet is the preferred method. Switching between files is a hassle - working with one file is easier for everyone.
A good way to divide sections within the single stylesheet is naming your sections and putting an equal to character in front of your sections, so you can easily check your sections by querying "=", or "= footer" if you wanted to get to the footer section.
The reason you want all your declarations in a single css file is that am element might have two different declarations in two css files, causing confusion about the inheritance. If you have a single stylesheet you have a clear view which element inherits the properties you defined.
If you can deal with inheritance, and have a text editor that supports searching in multiple files at once, multiple stylesheets may be the way to go, but then again there's stil the disadvantage of multiple HTTP requests.
I work with 4 stylesheets: screen.css, print.css, ie6.css and ie7.css (last two included with conditional comments).
The framework strategy is mainly useful when you're dealing with multiple sites all under one roof. With a project that is unique in design and its' goals, the markup usually differs from a previous project (or your "framework").
What you can reuse most of the time are actually just a few browser reset rules. If you take a "vertical rhythm":http://24ways.org/2006/compose-to-a-vertical-rhythm into account, setting default white-space doesn't make much sense, since it heavily depends on font sizes and line heights of various content units across the page (you are not using the same font family and font sizes over and over, right?).
Sometimes overriding rules leads to a bloated CSS file of more than 2000 selectors. However, if you have to develop another web site within the same brand, creating a framework is actually worth spending time.
"How should a CSS framework be built?"
Method that You describe works quite well i know that it adds to the number of HTTP connections needed to render each page but I agree that large, high-traffic sites, adding five more HTTP connections to every page view may result in angry system administrators so thanks for some solutions on that.
Good article, Jeff.
I've been working a lot lately on social media site projects using the Drupal core and modules. It takes some digging to find Drupal themes with minimalist markup, good semantics and something resembling your CSS framework.
I've found that the Foundation theme, available in Drupal's theme library, is a good "starter kit." It isn't cruft-free but it's close, and very easy to shape as a UI designer sees fit.
I've also found Drupal has a handy feature—the ability to combine and cache multiple CSS files into one server call per page, much as you describe. It does save a few ticks, and that kind of functionality would be handy alongside your CSS framework.
I'd love to see a Drupal theme developed with your CSS approach. Maybe someday, in my alleged spare time…
Great stuff, Jeff, this technique will surely make it more enjoyable to create CSS files.
Maybe you should release a version of LJWorlds framework as a sort of light-weight alternative to the Yahoo package, which is quite bloated? :)
I hope I'm not stating anything dreadfully obvious here on the whole optimize vs organize subject, but you could import your sheets as one flat sheet with PHP, no fancy script required:
In base.css:
This should dump the content of all your sheets in your base sheet verbatim. If I understand correctly (programming is not my forte) this should reduce the HTTP connections to your single sheet. Maybe some more knowledgeable folks could enlighten us to possible caching issues/solutions?
Thanks to ("fiftyfoureleven":http://www.fiftyfoureleven.com/weblog/web-development/css/css-php-organized-optimized for confirming my suspicions.)
One more note, if your server won't parse a CSS file as PHP, just name it base.php and import it as such into your XHTML.
The entire article could be summarized like this:
bq. "Frameworks are good, don't repeat yourself, save some time, make your life a bit easier. It's what I do."
Great, now how about giving those new to the notion of design frameworks something they can actually use? I agree with the use of frameworks for design, but I think it would be far more valuable to the reader if you offered deeper examples and previous successes.
These ALA fluff pieces are absurd.
Two things.
1. Folks, no need to point out that extra CSS files increases HTTP connections - that was mentioned and addressed in the article. If your offering solutions, (Gordon) then that's awesome. But to the others, no need to be snitty.
2. @Michael: I agree that a more in-depth look at examples would have helped, but you have to take into account how much space this guys has. He can't write a book on the subject.
This could make a great website - a listing of frameworks - anyone know one? I'm actually interested in a list of them for some odd reason.
I've been really successful at using this kind of technique, this is agile work with CSS. To my knowledge, there could be no inheritance issue, since each CSS file serves a different purpose (e.g. layout, typography, colors, etc.), the rules each file contains are then dedicated to serve their corresponding purpose. Find _the logic that works for your case_, organize & name your files accordingly, push the Start button—there is nothing else to worry about.
As for the HTTP requests issue, yet the PHP approach used by Drupal works, it always requires server-side processing time for PHP instructions. The HTTP protocol has all the features needed to create a "rock-solid cache control mechanism":http://www.sitepoint.com/article/effective-website-acceleration/3 and every system administrator knows that.
Given that websites put in production are bug-free, or even if some space is left for bug fixing at release, you can easily define a set of cache control policies that considerably reduce the amount of HTTP requests and does not require server-side processing. This is the exact same logic as with DNS caching, avoid mixing application- and network- layers logic is a best practice.
We've moved to a CSS framework here at work. It has increased our site delivery time in measurable ways - which is always good for the bottom line. As the creative lead I'm often knee deep in front-end markup, but I'm also trying to bring a framework tool-set into the actual design process. We have a lot of crossover in our designs, which would lend itself to a framework. The key is to balance the framework with the creative process - I hate seeing the light fade in my design team when they see the amount of work that needs done - we're hoping this will give us some breathing room.
@ "Johan":http://www.alistapart.com/comments/frameworksfordesigners?page=1#3
His example is not throwing random styles in random stylesheets. There is a structure to everything. Just as you use '=' (which is a good thing, even if you use multiple sheets) - you can also separate things into different files. I usually do reset.css, layout.css, typography.css, and color.css. Each of these sheets only contains declarations related to their name. So I won't have a style inside of color.css that overrides a layout element. All layout elements are inside of layout.css.
However, this also gives you room to create a foundation with these elements - and then have a site specific sheet that can override certain elements, spacing, typography, etc. Just as with a programming (js or other language) framework you are inheriting from base classes to complete your tasks. The base classes house the mundane and the magical, and all you have to do is extend them and build on top of them. That is the goal here.
If you are worried about requests, it is a trivial process to have them combined and compressed at runtime into one stylesheet.
@ "Gordon":http://www.alistapart.com/comments/frameworksfordesigners?page=1#8
That method will work, but you will need to set a 'Content-type: text/css' header so the browser will render it properly. There are other similar techniques that will combine, as well as compress - then actually cache the file until you update one of the other CSS files. This way there is no programming overhead each time your stylesheet is requested, you combine everything into one request, and it will be slimmer than your original.
It is a tradeoff. I use default.css as my base, and use @import to bring in my styles (as listed above).
@ "Neil":http://www.alistapart.com/comments/frameworksfordesigners?page=1#10
bq. I agree that a more in-depth look at examples would have helped, but you have to take into account how much space this guys has. He can't write a book on the subject.
As stated in his bio, Jeff has done just that - written several books (co-authored). They are worth checking out as they will give you more context to what he is saying in this article.
Guess I should have looked above the text box, I apologize for the links/blockquote in previous comment.
If you want to see real world examples, just visit his sites. If you want to see the actual code: view source. It's not that hard. here, i'll even make it dead simple for you:
* "http://www.ljworld.com":http://www.ljworld.com (one of the author's sites)
* "http://www.getfirebug.com":http://www.getfirebug.com
Now just install that plugin in FF, visit the site and view all the CSS.
The following article may be of interest to you.
It is an article outlining a system to dynamicly combine css or javascript files together into a single file to speed up download times. It includes caching to lighten the load on the server…
Great stuff, thanks Rakaz!
You really can use frameworks for most anything involving code. I've got a site building framework that has pre-built HTML (basic page structure, some empty meta tags, link and script tags to stylesheets and JS files, and Validator links in the footer), CSS, Javascript, and PHP and a shell script that puts it all together for me.
Since we're talking about CSS framework here's mine in a nutshell:
# structure.css - starts off with margin and padding reset, has a couple commented lines to enable static center layout, and then some predefined selectors that match my basic HTML framework layout (header, content, footer, etc). I then add in all the structural layout code in that file (columns, positions, etc)
# utilities.css - contains a collection of pre-defined classes that I can apply all around the site. I make a point to never directly modify this file in a project and just override/add to the styles here in my third CSS file.
# styles.css - This is the file that is actually linked to in the HTML page. It starts off with 2 @import lines to pull in structure.css and utilities.css (in that order) and then contains a bunch of pre-defined selectors for global default styling and all the remaining styling
# iehacks.css - the obligatory "IE sucks" stylesheet, linked in the HTML with a conditional comment.
All-in-all, the framework I have cuts off at least half an hour on any given site I build. I am working on reorganizing the CSS but that's for another time.
(wow… long comment for my first one on ALA)
Another benefit of using a framework approach is the reduction in "˜CSS bloat' that occurs as a large site continually grows. It's all too easy to just add another class or two to the CSS for each new page which over time results in a massive & unwieldy style sheet. Another way to look at the framework concept is to think of it as a library of reusable code. So instead of

.myclass{padding: 5px; border: thin solid #000000; background: #FF0000;}
You can use:

. padding_small{padding: 5px;}
. border_thin{border: thin solid #000000;}
. styling_red{background: #FF0000;}
So now when you create a new page you can piece together elements from your library instead of creating new classes.
bq. As stated in his bio, Jeff has done just that — written several books (co-authored). They are worth checking out as they will give you more context to what he is saying in this article.
Sorry, I may have written that a little wrong. I didn't literally mean write a book on the subject. I was simply trying to explain that Jeff can't possibly write enough the cover every framework and have in-depth examination of several. He only has 1000 or so words (I don't feel like counting.)
Are they going to built a snowman with 2 noses? :)
such as "YAML":http://www.yaml.de/index.html ?
@Michael: I don't know about you, but I'm smart enough to be able to take what is written here and run with it; not everything needs to be a how-to manual. Sometimes even a little bit of (gasp) _theory_ goes a long way.
This actually is very timely for me. During my recent performance evaluation, my manager said I needed to get better about "recycling code". I told him to go jump in a lake, that what I do doesn't lend itself very well to recycling. After all, it's not like I'm writing functions…But now I'm rethinking. In fact, I'm excited about putting the main idea into action. I'm curious to see how the rest of my team likes it as well.
The title of the article reminded me of "Templation":http://templation.websaviour.com/. The HTML/CSS templating system I developed several years ago to solve the problem of managing a site with hundreds of HTML pages mixed with a variety of PHP applications. It really is a "framework for designers" in the sense that it is primarily concerned with managing HTML and doesn't throw a lot of cruft your way.
These days everyone wants a content management system, but if you ever work on sites with static content, or that integrate several different PHP apps, Templation is a very slick way to DRY out your HTML. If your CSS framework contains some boilerplate HTML you can set this all up as a generic template that is accessible to all sites on your server, but can be overriden on a per-site or per-directory basis.
The web development community as a whole used to be as cohesive and civil as the css community—then frameworks reared their ugly heads, and now you're either rails or django, prototype or yahoo, tomato or tomaaahto, and never the twain shall meet.
Web development is now *a house divided*, and with your article, the quiet little corner of CSS will soon follow down that sad, misguided path—-You can see it in the comments already!
Please, for the love of all that is holy, REMOVE THIS ARTICLE!
/* actually, don't…it's a great idea */
Didn't see this mentioned in any of the comments after a quick scan, but Rails 2.0 (or whatever it will be called) will have baked in functionality to take a set of CSS files and essentially concatenate them into a single file to save on HTTP connections.
The basic syntax is something like:
stylesheet_link_tag :all, :cache => true
which will take all your CSS files and send them to the browser as a single file named all.css.
First, thanks for the article on frameworks. It was good to read as I have been seeing this word tossed around quite a bit lately but I didn't really grasp the the specifics of it.
As it turns out, I guess I've been using "CSS Frameworks" for myself for a while, without directly knowing it. Overtime this process just evolved into a framework. However, after reading the book "Transcending CSS" by Andy Clarke (edited by Molly e. Holzschlag and a preface by Dave Shea), I used the recommendation to setup 5 CSS files.
* layout = the 'reset' code, template and page specific layouts (margins, paddings, widths, heights, positions, displays, etc)
* type = font size, type, decoration, etc
* color = font colors, background colors/images, etc
* ie-fixes = a style sheet that's included only with IE (via conditional comments)
* master = this calls all other style sheets (except IE which is called via conditional comments to only be included in IE browsers)
Though, as you pointed out in the end of your article, I do worry that this number of HTTP connections can start to get absurd. What I wanted to do is also extract the "reset" code into it's own style sheet, and after reading your article, I'd love to set aside code for a "horizontal list menu" that I find myself using *ALL* the time. Do so, would mean I wouldn't have to go back and open out old CSS files to find the code I used and how I used it (though, I've used it enough it doesn't take very long, but there's also Javascript code that goes with it, which came from an ALA article!)
Usually, my thoughts turn to "caching". So what if I have to open up 5-6 HTTP connections just for CSS files? Isn't the point of CSS files the ability for browsers to cache said file and avoid an HTTP connection all together? Along the lines of images? Maybe my networking knowledge is light, but does this not make sense? Are there still HTTP connections opened to check file dates and if file refreshes are required?
I would also appreciate more general 'intro' articles about frameworks in general. Frameworks on the server-side (Ruby, PHP, JSP, ASP, etc). What are some good ones? What are the general designs behind them? Are there any good books?
You hit on a lot of good points and it is a great starting place for anyone wanting to create their own specific framework depending on specific user requirements they might have. I know personally that by using a framework based approach I have been able to cover all of my bases in order to create a comprehensive user experience without having to do too much redundant thinking and getting right to work on particulars. Lately I've been using WYMstyle - It is pretty huge, but I grab what I need depending on my project thereby standardizing various aspects of my workflow. Like I said, it is huge, but definitely well worth looking at.
I've worked with a few designers in a similar "framework" manner recently, though I think we may have pushed things too far. We didn't only share the overall layout and branding for a few sites, we also shared the same "widget" styling (think page navigation, header, footer, list of user names, form layout, etc).
Some times that would work really well since the hard cross-browser work of one person was applied to many pages, but things got very hairy when you nested these CSS widgets inside one another (especially when you added your own page specific tweaks here and there). The problem was that we couldn't use the '>' operator to select a child element (stupid IE) and had to make rules too general.
We were trying to make clean CSS selectors with as few class names as possible (think ul.tagcloud li a), but when you nest rules like that you get all kinds of crazy overlap from overly generic element selectors.
I still think that our effort was useful, but consistent CSS implementations would make this much easier.
Given that the article leads off by saluting the (fantastic) YUI along with other front-end engineering frameworks, I'd like to direct your readers' attention to the Yahoo Design Pattern Library (http://developer.yahoo.com/ypatterns/). The YUI and YPL are closely related and we are working on making them even more useful for designers, developers, and hybrids.
This is a great article, and very relevant to what I'm working on right now. It seems like I learn something new after every new site produced to come closer to the subject of this article, but I don't have the luxury of working on a mega-site like Yahoo yet to cooperate with frameworks that really make a difference.
What I do know is that this pursuit makes production much easier to keep things simple, clean and as standardized as possible so engineering can program exactly what we intended. However, the designs I produce tend to be so pixel-precise and intricate with multiple font decorations per line and slight alterations designers love to include. My pursuit of standards and frameworks break down by the time we launch because of all the little page-level tweaks to keep things pixel-perfect. Do sites that focus on less highly-designed Web content have less trouble adhering to standards and frameworks?
I really enjoy the articles on this site, and am still amazed how the internet can give you access to so many cool people. I live in Charlotte, NC and am having trouble hooking up with other people to discuss this stuff.
Anyway, one thing I started doing is using the code completion in my text editor to write my standard css files for me. Think of custom textmate bundles for writing certain parts of your css file. (I'm on windows at the moment, so I use http://www.e-texteditor.com/, but it works the same more or less).
So if you are going to use left navigation, maybe you create a shortcut named xxleftnav or xxrightnav for right navigation and so forth. If you're like me when you work on new sites you tend to have the same layout structures which lend themselves to a library of css layout templates. Enjoy, Brian
Great article, I think it would be a good idea for me to make a CSS framework.
You rightly mention that multiple stylesheets can have a significant impact on performance, and that one stylesheet it a solution, but say this is inconvenient to update. I don't think it would be as bad as you make it out to be, and in my opinion this would be best if the stylesheet was well commented.
Hey all,
After reading Jeff's article, I put together a simple framework using paradigms I've found helpful in most of my projects (I'd been thinking about it for a while, but the article convinced me to bite the bullet).
I'm releasing it under GNU in hopes it might be useful to others too. I'm calling it Taffy (Every framework needs a cute name, right?). Hope it helps out, if not as a framework, at least as another example.
Check it out here: "Taffy Framework":http://www.gordonbrander.com/taffy-framework
I'm not a web designer, just some idiot who has time to much around with her own site. But, this is something I was looking for two years ago when people started talking about CSS and XHTML and having sites that were accessible. I'm glad to see someone thinking about it who actually knows what they are doing. I'd love to have a frame. Especially right now as I have still not fixed my code, mainly because I've had less time and less patience and after all it is just my pet project. Hardly anyone but me knows about it. :)
I have seen many design teams using framework and specially offshore team, in order to keep them not to far from what was required we suggest framework. Armand Rousso
A clean usable set of code to do header, menu, 2 and 3 col body, and footer available in a forum is doable. Someone who has asked needs to take and volunteer to moderate it and we can tean to create content. 1ho volunteers? ((-:
5ale on my blkbry in Oceans 13
If you create a frameworks of multiple CSS files and concatenate them in one long file, server-side, you are saving the HTTP requests and lightening the load on your server; but you are creating a scenario where you are potentially creating many different on-the-fly, unique css files that are long and different page by page. In other words, the client must download them each time because they will not be recognized as cached (even though they are using the same chunks of frameworks). On top of that, for every unique sheet that's not seen as being cached, the client will download all those bits and bytes again—more tax on your server.
If you use the individual framework components as separate files, you are taking advantage of caching in the client, but then you are creating a server load as the clients tax the server with HTTP requests to see if their cached versions have been updated on the server or not.
Seems like the server-side solution could be a good one as long as you limit the number of permutations of unique files that the server-side solution would serve up.
While this is a great article, it could use more examples. I really hate to see the multiple http request problem not solved. I would just create in PHP (or your language of choice) one file that includes all the others (e.g. using php's include function) - at least that will reduce the network overhead.
In the past I have merely copied, pasted and modified working CSS from past sites when designing new ones with a similar layout, so moving to a framework is a logical step. Thanks for bringing Yahoo's UI library to my attention, too - it looks incredibly useful. I look forward to cutting out time working out issues like why my div is 2 pixels to the left in IE and having fun getting back to actually designing!
If you use "TextMate":http://macromates.com/ , you can specify the default content when creating new files types. For example, you can edit the template that creates new XHTML Strict 1.0 documents to already have the structure you prefer (like including YUI CSS links, etc…).
I then use "Snipplr":http://snipplr.com/ and their "TextMate Bundle":http://snipplr.com/extras/textmate/ to easily pull in my own code snippets or favorite code snippets. The bundle saves those snippets offline in TextMate, which is useful if I'm coding offline. The combination of TextMate and Snipplr _is_ my framework.
Good article, this is something that I've been thinking about quite a bit recently. Most of it seems like common sense, but then all the best ideas do. I agree with Jon Henshaw above with regard to 'implementing' this framework.
I have a few core CSS files that I always start a site with:
* reset.css (from Eric Meyer)
* IE_only.css (to sort out the misbehaving children)
* styles.css.
The last one will eventually have all the main styles in, but it starts with some basics that I always use (styles for links, setting font size to 62.5% etc) and then I build on this.
Any common code that I often use is saved as snippets for use with the Scribes text editor. For example I have a nice snippet that creates a tabbed navigation bar within a few keystrokes - it makes development much quicker.
*This si a text grabbed from my guidelines*
Site-wide blocks like sidebars, navigations and complex forms included after the content section. My ideal positions of the code blocks in the  are as follows:
1. *Header* — contains logo (image) and concise slogan (text) of the site. Header can also contain few links to the most important navigation sections of the site (2-5 links) and breadcrumb trails. It is important to keep this information first for branding and accessibility. This also tells the search engine which pages are the most important.
2. *Content* — starts with heading 1 and continue with the copy paragraph text, headings (2, 3"¦), unordered and ordered lists"¦ If the content contains semantic blocks, these should be wrapped in a div. Example: information about one product in a group of products should be enclosed in a

. This

can contain heading with the link to the product page, image of the product and paragraph text with the product description. More information about the content and copywriting has been in the copywriting guidelines document.
3. *Secondary content* — if you have one, it is usually the non-site-wide navigation specific for the current section
4. *Sidebars* — should contain site-wide-navigation and all the site—wide search forms and similar stuff. The ideal structure of the navigation is unordered list

"¦

or nested unordered list

another subsection

in case you have sub sections. If the sections contain many other sub-sections, you should put this in a separate list to the secondary content. See ""http://css.maxdesign.com.au/listamatic/":http://css.maxdesign.com.au/listamatic/ to find out how to give your list-based navigation the look you need.
5. *Footer* — contains the most generic information. Footer may contain information about author/owner of the page enclosed in the
<address>tag. The
<address>should contain full address, e-mail and telephone number. You may want to add more semantics here using VCARD format. To include an address is espacially important for local business sites to make the page rank for local terms: "Type of the business and name of the location"? (E.g.: Travel agents Swindon, PPC Warrington) and ensure user can easily find contact details. Footer can also contain link to T&C, Site-wide sitemap and copyright/licence information.
6. *Wrapper* - Everything is wrapped in the wrapper to make it easier to create which has its
position:relativeto make the layouts easier with
Every layout style sheet than looks like:
#c p{}
#c ul{}
#s ul{}
#s li{}
#s ul ul li{}
Colours and backgrounds are often separated in the stylesheet called theme.css
If anyone fancy I'll write an article about my field tested madular CSS/XHTML strategy.
This is a good article. Thank you.
My main concern is that how are we going to communicate the existing styles to the other designers for reuse? More often than not, the styles do not get reused simply because they are hard to find. Should we create some sorts of documentations (e.g. screenshots) for every major style?
This is a great article to get us thinking. I really like the idea of standardizing our approach to CSS.
To your list of 5 basic style sheets I might add one for microformats since there are some basic styles I generally end up applying to them and the classes are 100% predictable.
I worry that class names like "tabs" aren't semantic. I haven't played around with it myself (I have a full time day job maintaining one site) but I'm wondering what your thoughts are on starting with a predictable basic XHTML layout that has common semantic class/id names in it like a header area with a nav list in it by default and then grabbing an applying different basic style sheets (or parts of sheets) depending on how you want those formatted.
Vox wrote a server-side solution to concatenate all their .js and .css files into one each for the client.
Start at slide 47. Not much on the detail side, though. Wouldn't be very difficult, though.
Vox wrote a server-side solution to concatenate all their .js and .css files into one each for the client.
Start at slide 47. Not much on the detail side, though. Wouldn't be very difficult, though.
I really enjoyed this article, and immediately wanted a solution for concatenating all my css files. Basically I wish @import had less side effects.
So I wrote one, and made it public for anyone else who wants to use it:
10KB PHP file and 2 lines of .htaccess, and you're off to the races. Supports caching, basic compression, and even a little debug.
I'd like to hear feedback, as I'm new to this sort of thing. Thanks again for the inspiration.
On HTTP connections vs. stylesheet size, what's wrong with using @import in a CSS 2.0 world? Cascading is supposed to be a core feature—it's the 'C' in CSS after all.
For the framework I built for our developers, there is a basic.css. More advanced stylesheets @import the BASIC.css. Some have multiple @imports to other css 'modules', for example, TOOL.css imports BASIC and GRID (GRID imports TABLE), while GUIDE.css which doesn't need GRID only imports BASIC and TABLE.
As long as you keep the functionalities simple and nested, developers only see a few choices (TOOL, GUIDE), and the cascade logic takes care of the rest, while giving me the ability to add new modules or styles only where needed without steadily increasing BASIC.
I'm sure some more advanced folks will let me know why this is bad somehow, but it has worked here for a few years in our (admittedly homogenous) environment (an intranet).
As many others, I really like to keep it minimal. But even at minimal, I tend to use at least three CSS files. Basics, IE fixes and then the rest. I've never used a framework and probably never will. Good article tough, many points i've not know of. Thanks!
I know it's been a while since you've written this article, but I wanted to tell you thanks for taking the time to share your experience. We have been getting a lot of requests for larger MVC sites that are very complex from a GUI perspective (not to mention the programming aspect), and we are definitely seeking an optimal approach with our CSS and designs, as we've been spending a lot of time looking at each other's CSS and going, "huh?" and "what the ...".
Your article is just what I was looking for.
You said:
Have a server-side process that dynamically flattens the individual files into a single response. I've not seen this done, but it could be very efficient if done well.
Actually Google Pagespeed project supplies code that can be used to flatten and minify your css into a single request.


text:
Type: Defect
Status: Closed
Priority: Minor
Resolution: Completed
Affects Version/s: Release 1.2, Release 1.3
Fix Version/s: Release 1.5
Component/s: None
Environment:HW/OS/SW indipendant - issue is part of java interface
Patch:Code and Test
clojure.string/replace uses javas replace function to do it's work, the replace function has the tricky habit of 'double evaluating' the replacement string (third argument). This means that every \ in the string (so i.e. "
") is evaluated by the java code behind replace.
Since this behavior isn't documented it can lead to confusing errors, for example (made up semi real world example to explain the issue):
(clojure.string/replace "c:/windows/" #"/" "\\")
This should replace all unix folder separators with windows separators, this crashes with a index out of bound exemption since java tries to evaluate "
" as a semi regexp.
(println (str "\"" (clojure.string/replace "my string with \\ and \" in it" #"[\"\\]" (fn [x] (str "\\" x))) "\""))
The expected result would be:
"my string with \\ and \" in it"
the actual result is:
"my string with \ and " in it"
This should return an 'escaped' string, it does not since the 'double evaluation' of the return string results in \\\\ being reduced to
A working code for the replace example is:
(println (str "\"" (clojure.string/replace "my string with \\ and \" in it" #"[\"\\]" (fn [x] (str "\\\\" (if (= x "\\") "\\") x))) "\""))
which is horribly ugly since you need to hand escape the backslash or it crashes.
(println (str "\"" (clojure.string/replace "my string with \\ and \" in it" #"[\"\\]" (fn [x] (str "\\\\" (if (= x "\\") "\\") x))) "\""))
Vetted on 1.4.0 master. Needs patch.
No hand-escaping is necessary, just use #(java.util.regex.Matcher/quoteReplacement %).
Edit: I see, we're talking about when you use a function as a replacement, not a replacement string like "
x" - the function's output should not be interpreted as regex replacement, I agree. Looks like it just needs a small patch in clojure.string/replace-by.
x" - the function's output should not be interpreted as regex replacement, I agree. Looks like it just needs a small patch in clojure.string/replace-by.
Patch and test for this issue.
CLJ-870-also-fix-replace-first.patch combines Alan Malloy's two patches, and adds the same change for replace-first. I like this change, too, and think replace and replace-first should be consistent with each other in this behavior.
The 1/12/2012 combined patch is not in correct format. Please recreate, see http://clojure.org/patches for correct format.
CLJ-753-870-905-combined-fix2.patch should have proper patch format.
Attaching slightly improved patch
CLJ-753-870-905-combined-fix3.patch, along with a README to explain in gory detail the behavior and performance changes to clojure.string/replace and clojure.string/replace-first, in case it would help anyone review the changes. Deleting my older patches.
This is a small nit pick, but re-qr is a pretty non-descriptive name. Perhaps we could change it to re-quote-replacement?
Patches clj-753-870-905-combined-fix4.patch dated Aug 15 2012 and the patch that Aaron reviewed,
CLJ-753-870-905-combined-fix3.patch dated Feb 28 2012, are almost identical.
fix3 uses the name re-qr for a function, where fix4 uses the name re-quote-replacement. I have no strong preference for either of them.
Added patch addressing what I think is Aaron's reason for changing state to Incomplete, so as a result I am changing state back to its former Vetted state. If there is something else a non-screener should be doing to bring Incomplete tickets to the attention of screeners, please let me know, and I will document it here: http://dev.clojure.org/display/design/JIRA+workflow
I will be looking at this.
Screened. This is an adequate fix for this particular problem, given the current API.
However, the long and complicated docstring proves that replace and replace-first should each be four separate functions:
replace-char [input char char]
replace-string [input string string]
replace-re [input pattern string]
replace-re-by [input pattern fn]
This is how these functions were originally written back in the days of clojure.contrib.str-utils. This would be a minor breaking change.


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