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Bibliography of John Conline
Format By C. W. Barnum
John Conline was born January 1, 1846 in Rutland, Vermont.1 John decided at an early age that he wanted to pursue a military career. In 1859, John sent an application to Secretary of War John Floyd, seeking an appointment to West Point. In 1860, John re-submitted his application to Secretary Floyd and anxiously waited for a reply.2 Receiving none; John was one of the first to answer President Lincoln's call for volunteers by enlisting in the First Vermont Volunteer Infantry on May 9, 1861, at the young age of fifteen, and mustered out with that unit three months later on August 15, 1861. John re-enlisted in the Fourth Vermont Infantry on March 1, 1862,3 and was discharged on September 5, 1863, to accept an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point. During this period; the Fourth Vermont Infantry was engaged in the following:
Siege of Yorktown April 5 - May 4, 1862, Lee's Mills April 16. Battle of Williamsburg May 5. Seven days before Richmond June 25 - July 1. Garnett's Farm June 27. Savage Station June 29. White Oak Swamp Bridge June 30. Malvern Hill July 1. At Harrison's Landing till August 16. Moved to Fortress Monroe, thence to Alexandria August 16 - 24. Maryland Campaign September - October. Crampton's Gap , Maryland, September 14. Battle of Antietam September 16 - 17. At Hagerstown, Maryland, September 26-October 29. Movement to Falmouth October 29 - November 19. Battle of Fredericksburg December 12 - 15. Burnside's Second Campaign, "Mud March," January 20 - 24, 1863. Chancellorsville Campaign April 27 - May 6. Operations at Franklin's Crossing April 29 - May 2. Maryes Heights, Fredericksburg, May 3. Salem Heights May 3 - 4. Banks' Ford May 4. Franklin's Crossing June 5 - 13. Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 2 - 4. Funkstown July 10 - 13. Detached for duty at New York August 14 - September 16, 1863.4
In the eighteen months John served with the Fourth Vermont Infantry he was involved in an equal number of campaigns, including but not limited to Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Franklin's Crossing and Gettysburg. During the Battle of Antietam and parallel to the "sunken road" or "bloody lane," Edward S. Cooper the soldier on John's left was "dangerously" wounded when an artillery shell exploded directly in front of them.5 "At Little Round Top at Gettysburg; bullets pierced his haversack and canteen. At Fredericksburg, his company formed the rear guard in the right wing's retreat across the Rappahannock."6 Undaunted by this experience, John was determined to continue in his pursuit of a military career.
Following the Civil War, Major Conline wrote a paper entitled, Recollections of the Battle of Antietam and the Maryland Campaign. Major Conline presented this paper before the Michigan Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (MOLLUS) on January 7, 1897. The paper was published in 1898 in Volume 2 (pages 110-119) of the collection of War Papers read before the Michigan Commandery of the MOLLUS.7
During the winter of 1862, while on leave, John traveled to Washington to persuade Secretary of War Edwin Stanton to appoint him to West Point. John was successful in his efforts and Secretary Stanton agreed to his appointment. 8 It was during his tour of duty in New York, following the draft riots, when Conline received orders to report to West Point. Conline received his appointment from Georgia (?), entered West Point on September 9, 1863, and graduated on June 15, 1870. These were difficult years for John, requiring seven years to complete a four year program. Finally after dropping several classes and failing to complete his third year, due to illness and fatigue, John received a leave of absence from the academy, on March 31, 1866. John returned to the academy the following year and was found deficient in chemistry, during the June 1868 examination. On July 6, 1868, John was automatically discharge from the academy. William Roe, a classmate of John's, wrote that John, "borrowed enough dollars from an officer then stationed on the post . . . went on to Washington, laid his case personally before the President [Johnson] and asked to be reinstated. And the President [Johnson] did reinstate him." On January 30, 1869, upon the recommendation of the Academic Board, John was reinstated. John graduated the following year, 54th out of a class of 59 cadets, was commissioned a Second Lieutenant and assigned to the Ninth Cavalry serving on the western frontier.9
Military History:
Before becoming a West Point Cadet in 1863, John Conline served during the Civil War as a Private of Vermont Volunteers May 2 to August 15, 1861, and March 1, 1862 to September 5, 1863, being engaged in the various battles and operations of the Army of the Potomac in the Virginia, Peninsular, Maryland, Rappahannock, and Pennsylvania Campaigns. Upon graduation from West Point, Second Lieutenant Conline's military career progressed as follows:
Ft. Stockton, Texas, October 10, 1871 to November 15, 1873 (conducting prisoners to Baton Rouge, Louisiana, January 16 to April 10, 1872, and on leave of absence, February 22, to August 22, 1873). - Ft. McKavett, Texas, November 26, 1873 to January 29, 1874, - Ft. Concho, Texas, to August 23, 1874, - on Expedition to Indian Territory to November 27, 1874, - on temporary duty at headquarters, Department of Texas, December 24, 1874, to February 1, 1875, - Ft. Clark, Texas, February 14 to December 27, 1875, (FIRST LIEUTENANT, 9th Cavalry, November 15, 1875), - Ft. Garland, Colorado, January 27, 1876 to April 3, 1877, (leave of absence, July 11 to September 4, 1876), - Los Pinos Indian Agency, April 3 to June 16, 1877, - Ft. Bayard, New Mexico, July 25 to September 18, 1877, and Ft. Union, New Mexico to October 2, 1877; in U.S. Insane Asylum, Washington, D.C. October 23 to December 14, 1877; before Retiring Board, to December 31, 1877; awaiting orders, to February 5, 1878; and on sick leave of absence, February 5 to August 20, 1878; in arrest at Ft. Bayard, New Mexico, August 20, 1878 to February 8, 1879; on frontier duty at Ft. Selden, New Mexico, to June 12, 1879, - Ojo Caliente, New Mexico to July 23, 1879, - Ft. Union, New Mexico, to January 1, 1880, - Scouting, to October 12, 1880, being engaged with hostile Indians in the Sacramento and San Andres Mountains, New Mexico, February 28 and April 5 and 7-8, 1880, - Ft. Stanton, New Mexico to February 26, 1881, - and Scouting, to April 12, 1881; absent sick, to July 27, 1885; on frontier duty at Ft. Niobrara, Nebraska, to Mar. 18, 1887, (CAPTAIN, 9th Cavalry, February 11, 1887); on leave of absence, to June 18, 1887; and on frontier duty at Ft. Robinson, Nebraska to June 5, 1888, and Garrison duty at Ft. Du Chesne, Utah Territory, (BREVET CAPTAIN, February 27, 1890, for gallant services in action against Indians in the San Andres Mountains, New Mexico, April 7, 1880) commanding troop to May 1890. - On leave of absence awaiting retirement to February 25, 1891.
RETIRED FROM ACTIVE SERVICE, FOR DISABILITY IN THE LINE OF DUTY, February 25, 1891
Major U.S.A., Retired, April 23, 1904
Act of April 23, 1904
Died, October 16, 1916 at Washington, D.C., Aged 72 Years.
Civil History:
In charge of the "Pingree Potato Farms," in Detroit, 1896. - Police Commissioner of Detroit, Michigan, 1896 - 1900. - Author of Recollections of the Battle of Antietam and the Maryland Campaign, - Member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, Michigan Commandery, - Member of the Association of Graduates of U.S. Military Academy, West Point, New York; and Michigan Sovereign Consistory, A. A. S. R. 320, Valley of Detroit. - Residence, Detroit, Michigan.10
In 1872, John married fifteen year old Emma Jane Leland, of New York. On December 21, 1875, a daughter Viola Alger was born. This was a troublesome marriage for the Conline's. Mrs. Conline accompanied her husband to the frontier where she, "was ordered to leave Fort Garland, Colorado in 1877 - on the grounds that she was insane and therefore disturbing the order and quiet of the post. Her primary offense was conduct unbecoming a lady. In addition to her speaking openly of having an abortion, she used 'unladylike and violent language,' made daily visits to the laundress' quarters where she gossiped about officers, and it was rumored that she had chased one laundress with a gun."11 When Conline refused "to send Emma away," he "endured arrest for forty days while appealing the order to General Pope." Failing to win on appeal, Conline had no choice but to accompany his wife back to New York. While enroute to New York, Emma "berated Conline for being too weak to defend her . . . and badgered him into 'signing separation paper.'"12 John and Emma divorced in 1879.
Returning to Fort Garland, conditions for John continued to deteriorate. Facing courts-martial, John suffered a "nervous breakdown" and was committed to the Insane Asylum in Washington, D.C. in October 1877. "When he arrived there, Dr. W.W. Godding, the superintendent, found him 'incoherent and irritable.' He was so 'thin and haggard' that he resembled 'a person who had been through some exhausting labor.'" Three months later, John was released from the asylum and "brought before a retirement board." Prevailing before the retirement board and acquitted on all courts-martial charges, Conline was returned to duty.13
On April 4th, 1880, four companies of Buffalo Soldiers, A, D, F and G, 9th Cavalry under the command of Captain Henry Carroll, left Tularosa, New Mexico in search of a band of hostile Indians led by the Apache Chief Victorio. On the morning of April 5th, 1880, Lieutenant Conline in command of "A" Troop 9th Cavalry was ordered in advance to locate Victorio and his warriors, who were believed to be in the San Andreas Mountains of New Mexico. After a 37 mile march, 35 to 50 Apaches including Victorio were located near the mouth of Hembrillo Canyon. At 5:30 p.m., "when the Indians advanced to within about 250 yards, a heavy fire was opened, which caused them to halt and seek cover. The Indians fired rapidly in the beginning, and afterwards kept up a desultory fire until 7:30 p.m., when the engagement closed and the Indians fell back." Casualties were reported as two wounded, two horses killed and one horse wounded. Indian casualties were not reported. Since there was no water in the area, Lieutenant Conline rejoined the main body of the command at 11:00 p.m. The next morning Captain Carroll again divided his command. Companies A and G were under the commands of Lieutenants Conline and Cusak respectively. Companies D and F remained with Captain Carroll.14 In the late afternoon of April 6th, Captain Carroll came under heavy fire, in the Hembrillo Basin, and was completely surrounded by Victorio and approximately 150 Apache warriors. Captain Carroll was severely wounded as were several of his men, some mortally. Several horses and mules were killed. The attack continued well into the night, leaving Captain Carroll and his men in a hopeless position. On the morning of April 7th, 1880, as Victorio and his warriors were about to rush Captain Carroll's position, Lieutenants Conline and Cusak came to the rescue of Captain Carroll and his men. With the addition of three more companies and Apache Scouts, the cavalry was able to force Victorio and his warriors to retreat; thereby ending the largest Military Battle of the Victorio War on April 8, 1880.15 Lieutenant Conline received a commendation for his actions during this campaign.
In 1886, Conline commanded the Department of the Platte Rifle Team. On August 24, 1886, during the annual marksmanship competition held at Fort Omaha's Bellevue Rifle Range, Conline fired a near perfect score, at 500 yards, with nine bulls-eyes and one shot slightly off center. John scored 48 out of a possible 50 points and was awarded a marksmanship medal.16
On September 1, 1887, Conline married Fannie Strickland, of Des Moines, Polk County, Iowa. In 1889, a daughter Vivienne Duchesne was born.17 In 1891, after John's retirement, the family moved to Detroit, Michigan.
During the depression of 1893, unemployment in the city of Detroit was estimated at over ten percent. Detroit's Mayor Hazen S. Pingree established a public works project, providing work and food for the city's poor, by allowing city residents to plant vegetable gardens on vacant city land. These garden plots become known as "Pingree's Potato Patches" or "Pingree's Potato Farms," of which Conline gratuitously managed. In 1896, over 400 acres were cultivated providing work and food for over 1700 families. "No other plan of helping worthy people to help themselves has attracted such widespread and universal attention… Very many of the great cities of the Union have adopted the plan and carried it out with success."18
In 1896, Conline was appointed Detroit's Police Commissioner and served in that capacity until 1900. Little is known of Conline's activities during the period 1900 to 1910, when he moved his family to Washington, D.C. In 1913, he traveled to Europe with his family and returned to Washington in 1914. John Conline died, in Washington, D.C., on October 16, 1916.19 John is buried in Section 2 Site number 1183 in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.
William J. Roe, a classmate of John's at the Academy, wrote John's obituary:
A lad of Irish parentage, son of Thomas and Mary (Cunningham) Conline, was born at Rutland, Vermont, February 9, 1844.20 Poverty and perhaps improvidence, at this period so often the bane of the Kelt, thrust the boy out upon the world at the pathetically early age of ten years. But even then John Conline manifested that sturdy and indomitable spirit which was to be his to so great a degree in after life. Despite all obstacles he not only contrived to gain for himself a livelihood, but to acquire considerable in a way of an education, having been graduated at the Rutland High School in 1860.
These were the days of darkest America, of contending and irreconcilable factions, when concession, conciliation and compromise rudely flung aside, North and South alike mad with murder, welcomed the alternative of a land "drenched in fraternal blood," the beginning of that Homeric struggle, destined to test by the ordeal of battle whether the States should endure as a nation, or that the great democracy of the West should perish from the earth.
Promptly at the first call for troops young Conline enlisted in the First Vermont Infantry, serving in that organization from May 2,21 to August 15, of the year 1861. Afterwards he re-enlisted, March 1, 1862, at Rutland, in the Fourth Vermont Volunteers, engaging to serve for three years of war. In this regiment he served as man-in-the-ranks until September 5, 1863, when he was discharged to accept an appointment as cadet at the United States Military Academy. This Fourth Vermont, with four other regiments, constituted the famous "Old Vermont Brigade," the Second Brigade, Second Division, Sixth Army Corps of the Army of the Potomac. With this command, chiefly under General Franklin, Conline participated in all twenty six engagements, the first being the affair of Lee's Mills, Virginia, in April, 1862,22 and the most famous the partially decisive battle of Antietam, fought under McClellan, September 16 and 17, 1862. Conline was with the Sixth Corps, at this time under command of General John Sedgwick, when after a forced march of thirty-eight miles on July 2nd, it arrived upon Gettysburg field, not quite in time to aid the gallant Fifth in the repulse of Longstreet at the "Peach Orchard," but coming "under fire" and by its presence causing the Confederates to fall back. The Sixth lay massed in reserve battle line, ready to be called into action, until Lee, after the failure of that magnificent charge of the Confederates under Pickett, was slowly retiring. One gallant action of Conline's while with the Vermont brigade must not remain unrecorded. Immediately previous to the advance of Lee across the Potomac, making that masterly flank movement towards the west and the Valley of Virginia, and while Hooker's forces lay along the Rappahannock, he was one of twenty volunteers to cross the river in the first boat, in the action of Franklin's Crossing, June 5, 1863. It was while he was with the regiment in New York City, having been ordered there to aid in suppressing the draft riots, that Conline received orders to proceed to West Point.
Conline came to the Academy as a candidate almost directly from the field, already a veteran soldier, and with the grime of the van of war still upon him. Inured to hardship and to danger, perhaps the "hazing" at West Point (then at its very worst) chafed him less than it otherwise would. If in his heart he knew himself to be superior as a soldier to the waspish yearling corporals, he gave no sign, but stoically accepted the truculence and brief authority of these young martinets of the hour, modestly, even humbly, obeying orders, questioning none. Socially Conline was hardly at first persona grata with the upper classes or even with his own. Wholly unaccustomed to such an environment, he failed altogether to measure up to the exacting standards of the corps, always severely critical of minor manners. One curious instance of this sort of failure I recall distinctly. In marching to meals, Conline, unused to "close formation" inadvertently stumbled over the heels of his "front file," who being of a choleric temper, kicked back and sharply. Peaceful as Conline's inclinations were, and anxious to maintain pleasant relations with members of his class, yet even he understood that in some way such an assault ought not to be passed over. So he came to me to act as his "second," according to the somewhat barbaric code then prevailing. He might have chosen a better champion, for I was no pugilist, indeed did not learn till I had been some months at the Academy that was such a thing as a "Marquis of Queensberry." I later tried to beg off, but in the end "accepted the assignment." Later interviewing the "other party," it was to find him in great good humor. "Oh!" said he, grinning, when explained my errand, "that's all off. Conline has been around and apologized."
Yes, this account of what had happened was approximately correct. Brave, as ever a man was brave, with muscular development that might well have caused the other to beware of him, Conline chose rather to take the initiative in "making up," even though that other had been the aggressor. In ways similar to this Conline showed while we were plebes together of what good stuff he was made, gentle, kindly, incapable of holding malice, chivalrous, though wholly unconventional. It is needless to say how few, even of men, still less boys in their 'teens, are capable of esteeming accurately the motives of such character.
In his studies, fairly well grounded as he had been at the Rutland High School, Conline soon found that the terrific pace set for fourth classmen was too much for him. He dropped section after section, to be in the end found deficient. He made a brave struggle to remain his place among us 'Sixty-seven, "boning" during release from quarters, and often night after night, blanket over window and transom. It was all of no avail. From our class he dropped to 'Sixty-eight, thence in time to 'Sixty-nine, finally graduating in 'Seventy. His record of length of service as a cadet is unique; none before or since ever served seven years the Laban of academic favor for his Rachel of a diploma.
Then too, at intervals during those long and weary years he was afflicted in "mind, body, and estate." Thrice dropped from an upper to a lower class, there came a time when even the poor consolation of being "turned back" was denied the determined Conline. It was now no longer a question of suspension; he had been found deficient, and was discharged from the academy. To this fiat of fate and the dictum of the academic board, most men, even men of good courage, would have succumbed un-protesting. Not so John Conline. With unsurpassed resolution of purpose and of character, he matched himself against the decree of authority, and Conline won. He told me the story, simply, but with a pathos of which he seemed wholly unaware, of how he borrowed enough dollars from an officer then stationed on the post (it is difficult to refrain from naming so fine a man) went on to Washington, laid his case personally before the president, and asked to be reinstated. And the president did reinstate him. Again Conline, though dropping still another class, justified the President's reversal of the fiat of fate. Conline "made good;" he was this time graduated.
Graduating in June 1870, Conline was assigned as Second Lieutenant to the Ninth Cavalry, then serving in the Southwest, remaining with that "brunette" regiment until retired as Captain, February 25, 1891, for disability incurred "in the line of duty." In 189423 he was advanced to the rank of Major on the retired list for Civil War service, and in 1890, received a brevet for "gallant service in action against Indians in the San Andres Mountains of New Mexico." Conline married in 1872 a Miss, Emma Leland, of New York, an unfortunate and unhappy marriage, resulting in divorce in 1879.
From time to time during the more than thirty years till I saw Conline again, vague tidings came of him, of his unhappy first marriage, and afterwards of his appointment as Police Commissioner of Detroit. It was in 1902, at the time of the great gathering of graduates in celebration of the centenary of the Academy's founding, that John Conline and I met once more. We had slept in barracks, now known as the "South Barracks," but in different divisions, and it was in the early morning in the area that I met him. In former days I greatly fear that now and then there had been some (what I must call) "snubbing" on my part. But partially to blame this (having perhaps had a "soft spot in my heart" for the "under dog"), I had more than once done him trifling favors. If "snubbing" there had been, Conline did not hold it against me. Indeed it appeared that he remembered only the "good turns," for he came up at once, face aglow and hands outstretched, greeting me: "Why, you dear old Bill Roe!" Who does not like, after long years of absence, to be thus affectionately remembered. On the way to the mess hall two young officers joined us, and we all had breakfast together. After the curious tales of Conline's life at Western Army posts and of those "family jars," I confess to having been a little dubious as to how Conline would bear himself in his later years. I saw at once, however, that he was wholly changed. The officers too, who had served under him were not merely respectful, as to a "ranking officer," but more than that; they were deferential to him as a man. As of old Conline was still modest, unassuming; but with the years had come a restraining influence, a bearing, a dignity, a deportment not to be distinguished from that of a cultured descendent of many generations of refinement.
And all of this advancement, this fine uplifting, this cutting away from the 'backwardation" of heredity and early association, John Conline had achieved for himself, aided, perhaps more than aided, as I feel compelled to say, by the example, initiative and influence of an exceptionally cultivated woman. September 1, 1887, Conline married the second time, Miss Fanine [sic] E. Strickland, eldest daughter of Rev. Doctor E.F. Strickland, of Des Moines, Iowa. Two years after the marriage a daughter, Vivienne Duchesne, was born. With his little daughter, then in her fifteenth year, Conline made open profession of religion, uniting with the Congregational Church at Detroit.
Conline's service as Police Commissioner of Detroit began September 1896, continuing four years. He was appointed by Hon. Hazen S. Pingree, then mayor, and later materially assisted in forwarding the benevolent scheme of cultivating unoccupied city lots, of which enterprise Conline had full charge. Various high officials of Detroit have written as to his ability and worth as a man. I regret that the limitations of space forbid more than the quoting of a few heartfelt expressions. "He proved of great value to the police force." "He was a man of sterling character." "He was well beloved." About 1910 the Conline family removed from Detroit to Washington. In 1913 he went abroad with his family for an extended tour. In 1914 on the breaking out of the European war, they were for a while under a virtual embargo in Switzerland. A classmate of the Major's Captain Robert G. Carter has written so entertaingly [sic] that the letter is given in full:
Washington, December 7, 1916
Conline's last illness dated from his experience in Switzerland and France at the outbreak of this European war, in his efforts to aid hundreds of Americans to get home, many of them in dire distress, and under an abnormal excitement to his brain and highly organized nervous system, which, as you know, had undergone severe strains in the past.
He never seemed the same after his return. He was extremely excitable; he seemed obsessed by his experience during those weeks at Berne; but more especially in his efforts to gladden the hearts of the French reservists in the station at Lyons, France, to lift the load of distress and depression, of doubt and anxiety from the hearts of the women and children.
His most graphic and really dramatic description of that scene as he harangued them and wrought them up almost to a pitch of frenzy by his appeals to their memories of French history, in which as a constant historical reader he was so well versed-the historians, artists, sculptors, actors, scientists and statesmen, all of whom he named to us here in the Army and Navy Club from memory, coming down to Napoleon and his marshals-all of their campaigns, etc. and his impassioned shouts of 'Long live Murat, McDonald, Ney, Kellerman, Duroc, etc., lives in our memory still.
And it must have been a wild scene when he carried them off their feet, in patriotic response to such oratory, a strange but intense American cavalry officer, whose sympathies were all theirs but whose imperfect French would have been almost ridiculous had it not been for the sentiment behind such a noble soul, whose chief aim at that moment was to infuse courage into hearts that otherwise seemed sad and downcast. No wonder that they rushed at him with their tricolors, wanting to carry the body of our brave old John Conline on their shoulders, loaded his wife down with flowers, and crowd about his train to wish him God-speed on his way.
I wish you success in your tribute to the memory of brave lion-hearted, noble- souled John Conline, of the classes of 1867, '68, '69 and '70.
Most sincerely,
R. G. Carter
To these sentiments of admiration for this man's strength and determination of character, for the patient perseverance that undaunted by obstacles however distressing or disheartening, never faltered, but pressed on to the end, none, we may be very sure who knew him and who followed his career will dissent. I trust that none will assume that lightly or without due consideration in this brief biography incidents of Major Conline's early life and cadet days have been set forth except more fully to illustrate the splendid purpose which actuated him. He was a rarely exceptional man, and it would be well that the younger officers of the service, and members of the corps of cadets who may despond at difficulties, or whose hearts may grow faint with apprehension lest their lack of facility in learning, of what are called "gifts" might overcome them, should know how one man, so greatly handicapped, rose superior to all opposition, and by the power of will overcame every inimical force.
The character of John Conline was heroic; he was made of the fine clay of strength and valor and enthusiasm with those heroes told of in Iliad and Aeneid, or related in the chronicles of chivalry that Jehan de Froissart laid at the feet of his liege lady Queen of the great Edward of England, Philippa of Hainault.
William J. Roe
Robert G. Carter"24
Arlington National Cemetery
Membership Records of Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States
Photograph of Major Conline courtesy of the USMA Library Archives, Annual Report of the Association of Graduates (1917)
United States Army War College and Carlisle Barracks
United States Military Academy Library Archives and Special Collections West Point, New York.
White Sands Missile Range Museum
1. Conline, John. 1898.Recollections of the Battle of Antietam and the Maryland Campaign: A Paper Read before Michigan Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, January 7th, 1897. Stone Printing Company, Detroit, Michigan, Volume 2, pp. 110-119.
2. Kenner, Charles L. 1999.Buffalo Soldiers and Officers of the Ninth Cavalry, 1867-1898, Black and White Together. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
3. Conline, John. 1898.Recollections of the Battle of Antietam and the Maryland Campaign: A Paper Read before Michigan Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, January 7th, 1897. Stone Printing Company, Detroit, Michigan, Volume 2, pp. 110-119.
4. Union Vermont Volunteers, 4th Regiment, Vermont Infantry. Retrieved May 15, 2004. .
5. Conline, John. 1898.Recollections of the Battle of Antietam and the Maryland Campaign: A Paper Read before Michigan Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, January 7th, 1897. Stone Printing Company, Detroit, Michigan, Volume 2, pp. 110-119.
6. Kenner, Charles L. 1999.Buffalo Soldiers and Officers of the Ninth Cavalry, 1867-1898, Black and White Together. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
7. Conline, John. 1898.Recollections of the Battle of Antietam and the Maryland Campaign: A Paper Read before Michigan Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, January 7th, 1897. Stone Printing Company, Detroit, Michigan, Volume 2, pp. 110-119.
8. Kenner, Charles L. 1999.Buffalo Soldiers and Officers of the Ninth Cavalry, 1867-1898, Black and White Together. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
9. USMA LIBRARY on WWW. Archives, Official Register of the Officers and Cadets (1818 - 1966) for the years 1864 p. 13, 1865 p. 14, 1866 p. 12, 1867 p. 12, 1868 p. 13, 1869 p. 21, 1870 p. 12. Retrieved May 15, 2004.
10. USMA LIBRARY on WWW. Archives, Special Collections, Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of USMA, Volume 3 Part 2, pp. 164-165; Volume 4 Part 2, pp. 204-205; Volume 5 Part 1, p. 176; Volume 6A Part 1, p. 156. Retrieved May 15, 2004.
11. Rome, Kathy F.Laundresses on the Military Frontier, Discourse - An Online Journal by the Students of SMU, p.6. Retrieved May 15, 2004.
12. Kenner, Charles L. 1999.Buffalo Soldiers and Officers of the Ninth Cavalry, 1867-1898, Black and White Together. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
13. Kenner, Charles L. 1999.Buffalo Soldiers and Officers of the Ninth Cavalry, 1867-1898, Black and White Together. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, pp. 216-220. Dr. Kenner gives an excellent description of the events leading up to the courts-martial of John Conline, the nature of his nervous breakdown and the proceedings before the retirement board.
14. Conline, John. 1903.The Campaign of 1880 Against Victorio. The Order of the Palestine Bulletin 1:81. Order of Indian Wars Collection, File V-1, U.S. Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, PA.
15. The White Sands Missile Range Museum on WWW. The Hembrillo Battlefield Located on White Sands Missile Range. Retrieved May 15, 2004, (http://www.wsmr-history.org/Hembrillo.htm). A portrait of Lt. Conline may be found by clicking on the highlighted link, "additional companies." For an in depth description of the Hembrillo Battle and archaeological finds see, Laumbach, Karl W. HEMBRILLO: An Apache Battlefield of the Victorio War, Human Systems Research Report No. 9730, White Sands Missile Range Archaeological Research Report No. 00-06, Human Systems Research, Inc. 2000. Additional information about the Hembrillo Battle and the Victorio War can be found online.
16. Army and Navy Journal, September 4, 1886, p. 111.
17. USMA LIBRARY on WWW. Archives, Annual Report of the Association of Graduates (1917), Roe, William J. John Conline, pp. 78 - 83. Retrieved May 15, 2004.
18. Conline, John. 1896.Report of Agricultural Committee, Detroit, Michigan, of the Cultivation of Idle Land by the Poor and Unemployed: Thos. Smith Press, Detroit, Michigan.
19. USMA LIBRARY on WWW. Archives, Annual Report of the Association of Graduates (1917), Roe, William J. John Conline, pp. 78 - 83. Retrieved May 15, 2004.
20. The February 9, 1844, date is probably in error. John's military records do not give his date of birth, rather his age is given as nineteen years and seven months at the time he entered West Point, on September 9, 1863. This can only be accurate to the nearest month, since there is a one in thirty chance that John enrolled on the exact day of his birth. If we subtract nineteen years seven months from September 9, 1863, we arrive at the February 9th, 1844 date. In his article, Recollections of the Battle of Antietam and the Maryland Campaign, John states, "I was born on the 1st day of January 1846." His birth records do not exist in either Rutland or Montpelier, Vermont, to confirm either date.
21. InRecollections of the Battle of Antietam and the Maryland Campaign, John states, "on or about May 9, 1861."
22. InRecollections of the Battle of Antietam and the Maryland Campaign, John states, "I joined the latter regiment [Fourth Vermont] during the siege of Yorktown, VA."
23. USMA LIBRARY on WWW. Archives, Special Collections, Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of USMA, Vol. 6A Part 1, p. 156 shows April 23, 1904, Act of April 23, 1904 Retrieved May 15, 2004.
24. USMA LIBRARY on WWW. Archives, Annual Report of the Association of Graduates (1917), Roe, William J. John Conline, pp. 78 - 83. Retrieved May 15, 2004.
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Michigan Commandery, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States


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It's that time of year.
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Joined: 30 Dec 2009
Posts: 2241
Posted: Fri Nov 09, 2012 6:53 am
Post subject: It's that time of year.
Here we go again! Cold setting in, (another severe winter for us, the fourth in a row?), a sprinkling of snow on the moors, and the fair weather windsurfers disappearing faster than my few remaining good teeth, I feel like I've been here once too often!
Few days ago, strongish but very gusty offshore squally shower blow, lumpy uninviting sea, and low tide extensive beach to have to plod down, and only two others down, but just sitting in van talking. Spoke to them on arrival (friends) and tried to whip up a little enthusiasm for getting out there, only to be met with the expected hollow laughter, and what enthusiasm type of comments.
Left them to it, and changed and rigged a 5.3 right away. With a selection of mid range boards to choose from, I'd brought the Fanatic Cross 99. Using different boards always adds that extra bit of interest. They are all much of a muchness speed wise (27/29 m.p.h. ish) but feel and gybe differently. Was taken a bit by surprise by how quickly the Fanatic banked on going full tilt into a carve, and accidentally pulled off a near perfect gybe. Marvelled yet again at how addictive windsurfing is when you get it just right. (A pair of oldies, but a pair of goodies!
Problem was, the beach vibe was missing. Whereas once there would have been 30 or more getting to grips with the onset of winter conditions, and cold water fun, I was the only one left. The other two were still just sitting in the van, talking.
Stopped and thought after only half an hour, and felt there wasn't any fun left, especially since a rain squall had just hit. Packed it in, and trudged back up deserted beach to car park. Made a point of derigging and changing without looking at the other pair in the van, just to check their reaction. ZILCH! The windows were steamed up from all tyhgeir hot air, and I doubt they even saw me. Drove off, shopped in town, drove back past car park an hour later, and STILL, they sat there talking in the van!
Thought about things at home and decided for the first time since 1972 (all year round in sea, surfing, kayaking, windsurfing since 81) to take a couple of months break from the sea, and concentrate on biking. I feel it will recharge the batteries, and counter the steady drip drip drip of negative waves from others.
The sea CAN'T be given up, but for those of us who have to make do with somewhat less than perfect conditions most of the time, willpower can sometimes become a little depleted!
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Joined: 26 Apr 2001
Posts: 61
Location: Oregon Coast
Posted: Fri Nov 09, 2012 12:59 pm
Post subject:
As someone who solos the vast majority of the time, I'm really not missing the beach vibe much right now. In fact, I'm am actively seeking to be alone right now to perfect a new way of windsurfing. I just wish it would blow more!
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Joined: 29 Mar 2002
Posts: 128
Posted: Fri Nov 09, 2012 9:52 pm
Post subject:
Sorry you don't have anyone to hold your hand, it makes me sad
This may help with your problem its worth the time to watch, I have found it to be very helpful.
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Joined: 10 Oct 2010
Posts: 1057
Location: Montréal
Posted: Sat Nov 10, 2012 7:31 am
Post subject:
camaraderie is an important part of our human experience on the planet.
windsurfing may seem a solitary sport, butt it is NOT
we check others on the water and what people rigged and are rigging
we make signs as we pass one another
we chat and some have beers together
sounds like fun to me
the other solitary side means you are there only for the sailing
this can be fun too, butt conditions are not always ideal
my last session in the cold had more kiters than windsurfers
when i left one kiter asked," You're not leaving already ?"
my feet were a little cold and i had family obligations ...
just to say we can share the camaraderie with anyone on the water
i chat with photographers, boaters, kayakers, etc
for me , it is all part of the FUN and makes the the experience WHOLE and COMPLETE
(when i solo i carry a cell phone in a water proof bag - just in case ...)
btw my fins are made of metal and as sharp as a knife
hope that's hard enuff 4 our mate in the vid
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Joined: 12 Nov 2008
Posts: 278
Location: canada
Posted: Sat Nov 10, 2012 11:00 am
Post subject:
man, if i waited to have someone to sail with all the time, id never sail..
but it is nice when theres a few others out, one day this year there was about 30-40 guys out at one spot i was at..and that was cool, and i was stoked to to see it, but generally its solo sessions...or shared with the kiteboys.
i like longboards.
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Joined: 30 Dec 2009
Posts: 2241
Posted: Sat Nov 10, 2012 1:20 pm
Post subject:
You've nailed it Joe-the-windsurfer.
As with many, 90% of my windsurfing is solitary, especially the long board cruising, and it's preferable that way. But shortboarding, surfing, and slalom is different. A group of friends push each other even if not seeming to be together, and we learn faster, as well as having enthusiasm boosted just by knowing others are also having a blast. THAT is what is steadily dwindling away in many locations, as numbers fall below a critical mass.
I've said before how on flat water windy offshore days a group of 30 or more of us on fast slaloms used to blast in close formation a couple of miles along the coast (to a jetty and lighthouse) and back. The rivalry made it exciting. Nobody wanted to be trailing behind.
Mind you, it caused a bit of aggro when a few of us decided to go head on at the group from the opposite direction, at a closing speed of something like 50+ m.p.h. Happy days - we do miss that!
Yes, being alone can be fine, but so can playing silly buggars with a good group of friends.
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Joined: 05 Aug 2012
Posts: 66
Posted: Wed Nov 14, 2012 10:09 am
Post subject:
regarding the two guys in the van on a near empty beach for hours with steamed up windows-I think you need to recalibrate your "gaydar"
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Solo (Autocross) events emphasize a driver's ability and their car's handling characteristics. Speeds are no greater than those encountered on legal highways and city-streets. The combination of competition, concentration, and car feedback creates an adrenaline rushing experience. The fasted single-run time wins! Do you think your skills are top-notch, or do you want to polish your driving technique? If so, Solo is for you.
Cars are classed such that competitors within a class will have very similar handling and power characteristics. For more information on classing of vehicles for SOLO, please see the Official National Rules and Solo Classes written by Jan Gerber, 2006 Nebraska Region Solo Novice Advisor.
Still have questions about classes, not sure where to begin? Contact our current Solo Novice Advisor.
Over 1200 Regional and Divisional-level Solo events are held (rain or shine) across the country each year at local shopping centers, airports, and stadium parking lots. The sport attracts sports and 'sporty' cars used for daily transportation, as well as heavily modified vehicles used for racing only. Helmets are required for competitors and Nebraska Region has loaner helmets freely available at all solo events.
Minors (anyone age 19 and under) - You must have a waiver in order to participate in Solo, Rallycross and Race Events. This waiver must be printed in color, and must be either notorized or signed in the presence of an SCCA Member. Get it HERE***


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Today's featured quilt, the Raw Edge Pez Quilt by Megan Bohr of Canoe Ridge Creations uses an unlikely "tool" – freezer paper. Megan who created this tiny 36″ x 42″ beauty doesn't currently belong to a local Modern Quilt Guild because her the nearest MQG is 3+ hours away but, she loves feeling connected to the MQG movement through the internet. Read on as Megan describes in her own words about quilting and her use of tools in quilting.
Tell us about your use of tools in quilting
How did tools make sewing this quilt easier?
Tell us more about yourself as a quilter
Tools used:
Freezer paper can be found in the grocery store right next to ziplock bags and aluminum foil usually under the brand name Reynolds Freezer Paper. On many of the Reynolds Freezer Paper boxes it actually says "Great for Crafts" right on the front of the box.
Because of it's many uses in crafting there are also brands like C&T's Quilter's Freezer Paper Sheets made specifically for quilters that can also be found in quilt and craft shops.
How have you used freezer paper in your quilting?


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Dirty Kilowatts: CO2 to Rise Sharply, Mercury Levels Hold Steady, Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxide Ease Somewhat; States With Most Problem Facilities for CO2 Emissions Are AL, FL, GA, IN, KY, NC, NM, OH, PA, TX, WV, and WY.
WASHINGTON, D.C.///July 26, 2007/// Even as some of America's dirtiest power plants start to clean up their act in terms of certain toxic emissions, the carbon dioxide (CO2) pollution linked to global warming from large, old, and inefficient electricity-generating facilities continues unchecked and could rise 34 percent by 2030, according to a report from the nonprofit Environmental Integrity Project (EIP). A searchable database ranking 378 U.S. power plants on carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and mercury pollution is now available online at http://www.dirtykilowatts.org.
The 12 states with the heaviest concentrations of the dirtiest power plants -- in terms of total tons of carbon dioxide emitted -- are: Texas (five, including two of the top 10 dirtiest plants); Pennsylvania (four); Indiana (four, including two of the top 10 dirtiest plants); Alabama (three); Georgia (three, including two of the top three dirtiest plants); North Carolina (three); Ohio (three); West Virginia (three); Wyoming (two); Florida (two); Kentucky (two); and New Mexico (two).
The "Dirty Kilowatts" report also ranks the worst power plants on the basis of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and mercury, looking at all four pollutants both in terms of total tons of emissions and also emission rate (pounds per megawatt-hour of electricity produced). For example, just 14 percent of the 378 ranked fossil-fuel-burning power plants account for 40 percent of their sulfur dioxide emissions. Taken together, the 378 plants ranked in this report represent about a third of all power plants tracked in EPA's inventory, but they account for almost 90 percent of the electricity generated by the plants in EPA's inventory, and approximately half of total U.S. electric generation. Plants in North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas, Indiana, and South Dakota top the non-CO2 rankings. (See detailed discussion by pollutant below.)
The EIP report notes: "Nationwide, the power plants that provide electricity to run our homes, businesses, and factories also account for 40 percent of carbon dioxide, roughly two thirds of sulfur dioxide, 22 percent of nitrogen oxides, and roughly a third of all mercury emissions (in the U.S.) Power plants are major contributors to global warming, emitting billions of tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) each year. In addition, power plants emit millions of tons of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), pollutants that trigger asthma attacks and contribute to lung and heart disease, and cause smog and haze in cities and national parks. And, power plants emit dangerous toxins like mercury, a neurotoxin especially harmful to children and developing fetuses."
Ilan Levin, counsel, Environmental Integrity Project, said: "While Congress is poised to seriously consider legislation to limit the greenhouse gases that made 2006 the hottest year on record, the electric power industry is racing to build a new fleet of coal-fired power plants that rely on conventional combustion technologies that would only accelerate global warming. Once utility companies secure their air pollution permits, we can expect them to argue that these new plants should be 'grandfathered,' or exempt from any pending limits on greenhouse gases. We've been through this before. When the original Clean Air Act was passed in 1970, the electric utility industry persuaded Congress to not impose strict pollution controls on old power plants, because they would soon be replaced by newer state-of-the-art facilities. Yet despite the industry's promises, many of the nation's oldest and dirtiest power plants continue to operate today. Americans pay the bill for that delay when they suffer the ill health consequences of breathing needlessly dirty air."
Mary Ann Hitt, executive director of the regional nonprofit organization Appalachian Voices in Asheville, N.C., said: "On the ground in Appalachia, we see the impact of these dirty coal plants every day and in every part of our lives. We are losing homes and communities to mountaintop removal mining, and losing the lives of loved ones to health problems triggered by air pollution."
Jan Jarrett, vice president, Citizens for Pennsylvania's Future (PennFuture), Harrisburg, PA, said: "This report shows, most of all, that the importance of strong environmental laws cannot be overstated. Reductions in sulfur dioxide and nitrogen pollution from power plants are a direct result of a strong federal Clean Air Act, but it took more than 30 years. That's one of the reasons we fought so hard for the Pennsylvania mercury rule, which will cut mercury pollution by 90 percent by 2015. We knew the federal government wasn't about to take action, so the state of Pennsylvania had to. Now it's time to demand cuts in carbon dioxide pollution to fight global warming."
Valerie True, spokesperson, Southern Alliance for Clean Energy, with offices in Georgia, Tennessee and North Carolina, said: "This report not only highlights the threats from old power plants, but the future risk should utility customers be forced to pay for the expansion of this dirty form of energy. Proposals for new coal-fired power plants are popping up across the nation. Given the imminent risks of global warming, the nation needs to take immediate action to clean up these old power plants and stop the construction of new coal-fired plants."
Dean Hulse, member, Clean Electricity Committee of the Dakota Resource Council, Dickinson, N.D., said: "This report is the 'canary in the coal mine'-it points out serious problems that require immediate attention. The global warming debate is over. We are heating up the earth, and the burning of coal is one of the biggest contributors of global warming pollution. Beyond the burning of coal is the issue of coal mining. Although not discussed in this report, the mining of coal damages land and water and moves farmers and ranchers off the land. In North Dakota, keeping the coal dinosaur alive hinders the economic development of renewable energy, including wind energy, in which North Dakota leads the nation."
The new EIP report highlights ways to reduce CO2 emissions from power plants. First, the time has come to phase out and permanently retire the nation's oldest and least efficient plants, and reduce our dependence on coal. Reducing electricity demand, through smarter building codes, and low-cost conservation efforts such as weatherization of homes and installation of more efficient home and business appliances, will lead to CO2 reductions. Investments in renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, should be encouraged, and investments in fossil fuel-based electric generation should be a last resort. And, if new coal plants are to be built, then they must be designed to drastically reduce CO2 emissions. Carbon capture and sequestration have promise, and currently available and economically viable technologies - for example, "ultra-supercritical" designs for steam boilers, gas turbines (instead of steam), blending cleaner fuels with coal, such as natural gas and biomass - can almost double fossil-fuel-fired plants' thermal efficiency, up to 60 percent, thus lowering CO2 emissions.
One bright spot in the EIP report: 37 years after the Clean Air Act, power plants are finally starting to clean up their sulfur dioxide emissions, thanks to a combination of factors including enforcement actions, tough state laws, and reductions anticipated from EPA's Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR). The scrubbers that power companies are beginning to install will reduce sulfur dioxide emissions by as much as 90 percent as some of the dirtiest plants. However, while CAIR establishes a two-phase cap for S02, ending at 2.5 million tons in Eastern states in 2015, due to early reductions and banking of credits for use later, the cap is unlikely to be met until well beyond 2015.
Carbon Dioxide: Given the absence of any federal standards, carbon dioxide emissions from power plants are now at roughly 2.5 billion tons per year. About two-thirds of the heat energy that is consumed at a typical coal-fired power plant is wasted, and that inefficiency contributes directly to high CO2 emissions from these facilities. Eliminating CO2 emissions from existing power plants is currently technically unfeasible, but reducing electricity demand, through energy efficiency and conservation measures, would yield significant CO2 reductions in the near-term, while new technologies develop. One major cause for concern: A wave of new coal-fired power plants are being permitted and built across the country. Absent aggressive national climate policy and the retirement of existing facilities, these new coal plants will contribute to a projected 34 percent increase in U.S. carbon dioxide emissions over the 2005-2030 period.
Large lignite-burning power plants in North Dakota and Texas rank among the worst CO2 polluters based on emission rate. Lignite is a low-grade fuel, abundant in places like Texas and North Dakota, and its comparatively low BTU (heat) value means more CO2 for the electricity it generates. Nine plants across 8 states rank in the top 50 for both overall emissions rate and overall tons of CO2 emitted: Texas (TXU's Martin Lake and Monticello), Montana (Colstrip), Minnesota (Sherburne County), Wyoming (Laramie River), Indiana (Schahfer), Florida (Big Bend), Nebraska (Gerald Gentleman), and North Dakota (Coal Creek).
Sulfur Dioxide: Power plants, especially those that burn coal, are by far the largest single contributor of SO2 pollution in the United States, accounting for approximately 67 percent of all SO2 emissions nationwide. The top 50 plants averaged 21.1 pounds of sulfur dioxide per megawatt-hour, compared to only one pound per megawatt-hour for similar plants equipped with state of the art scrubbers. Of all 378 plants ranked, the top 50 plants with the worst emission rates accounted for 40 percent of SO2 emissions, but only 13.7 percent of electric generation.
Indiana (five plants), Ohio (eight plants), Pennsylvania (eight plants), and Georgia (six plants) have the heaviest concentrations of the dirtiest plants in the nation for SO2. Together, these four states accounted for more than half of all the top 50 emitters. PSI Energy's Gallagher plant, in Indiana, claimed the top spot as the nation's dirtiest power plant, generating just over 40 pounds of sulfur dioxide per megawatt-hour of electricity. Southern Company's Bowen plant in Georgia continued to lead the nation as the top SO2 emitter, with a whopping 206,441 tons in 2006 - 20,000 tons more than it emitted in 2005, and 40,000 tons more than it emitted in 2004. Reliant's Keystone plant in Pennsylvania was the number two highest emitter, with more than 160,000 tons of SO2. Both these plants are expected to install scrubbers by 2010, which should substantially bring down SO2 emissions.
Nitrogen Oxide: Nitrogen oxides emissions dropped slightly in 2006, and are expected to decline still further in eastern states over the next five years. Rules to limit the interstate transport of NOx during the summer ozone season in eastern states were adopted in the late nineties (the "NOx SIP Call"), and emission ceilings have been ratcheted steadily downward by law. Also, the CAIR rule moves the Acid Rain (Phase 1) NOx cap forward a year, to 2009, and sets a 1.3 million ton cap in 2015. Lastly, tough new state standards like the Maryland Healthy Air Act should lead to additional reductions in year-round NOx emissions.
Unfortunately, this trend is not apparent in Western states where neither CAIR nor ozone transport rules apply. Many plants with high NOx emissions are located in these states, and in states not included in the NOx "SIP Call," such as North Dakota, Minnesota, and Florida.
The top 50 plants had an average emission rate of 5.47 pounds of NOx per megawatt-hour, more than double the 2.57 lbs/MWh average for all 378 of the nation's largest power plants. Of the 378 plants, the top 50 accounted for 25 percent of all NOx emissions but only 11.7 percent of net electric generation. Many plants in the top 50 are in states with less stringent NOx emission limits because they do not fall under the "NOx SIP call," a federal rule designed to reduce summertime ozone in many eastern U.S. states. (NOx is a precursor to ground-level ozone.) This shows, not surprisingly, that electric utilities do not reduce NOx emissions unless they are required by law to do so. Of the 378 plants ranked, the top 50 accounted for 41.5 percent of NOx emissions, and only 28.7 percent of net generation. Arizona Public Service Company's Four Corners (New Mexico), and TVA's Paradise (Kentucky) plants topped the list, emitting 44,658 tons and 43,022 tons, respectively.
Mercury: Power plant mercury emissions remain steady as compared to previous years. EIP's report ranks plants based on 2005 data, which is the most recent publicly available information from EPA's Toxics Release Inventory. The 486 plants that are tracked in EPA's Toxics Release Inventory reported 48.3 tons of mercury air emissions in 2005. Of these, this report ranks only the 274 "large" power plants (i.e., those plants that generated at least 2 million MWh in 2005). These largest 274 plants emitted 43.5 tons of mercury in 2005. Many plants are installing scrubbers to control sulfur dioxide, and mercury emissions should decline as a co-benefit of SO2 controls. But, EPA's new power plant mercury rule is unlikely to have any measurable benefit in the short-term. Power plant mercury emissions are expected to decline to roughly 24 tons in 2020 - significantly higher than EPA's so-called cap of 15 tons by 2018, as power plants "bank" pollution allowances in the early years of the rule's implementation. Widespread use of banked allowances means that EPA's cap of 15 tons will likely not be met until 2026 or beyond.
For all plants ranked for mercury, the top 50 plants with the highest emission rates together emitted 16 tons of mercury - a third of all power plant mercury pollution - but generated less than 18 percent of the electricity. For the third year in a row, American Electric Power's Pirkey plant (Texas) and Reliant's Shawville plant (Pennsylvania) are the top two dirtiest plants based on mercury emission rates. The top fifty power plant mercury polluters accounted for almost 21 tons, or 43 percent of the electric power industry's mercury emissions. TXU's Martin Lake (Texas) plant ranked number one, with 1,705 pounds of mercury emissions. Southern Company's Scherer plant (Georgia) came in second, emitting 1,662 pounds. Southern Company and TXU also shared the third place spot, reporting 1,595 pounds of mercury emissions from these companies' Miller (Alabama) and Monticello (Texas) plants. A total of 23 plants in 12 states ranked in the top 50 for both emission rate and total pounds emitted. Six Texas plants rank in the top 50 for both emission rate and total pounds and two of these plants, TXU's Big Brown and American Electric Power's Pirkey, rank in the top 10 for both measures.
Power plants are responsible for about 40 percent of all man-made CO2 emissions in the nation, and unlike emissions of SO2 and NOx, the electric power industry's CO2 emissions are projected to steadily rise. Carbon dioxide emissions contribute to global warming.
Sulfates (from SO2) are major components of the fine particle pollution that plagues many parts of the country, especially communities nearby or directly downwind of coal-fired power plants. Sulfur dioxide also interacts with NOx to form nitric and sulfuric acids, commonly known as acid rain, which damages forests and acidifies soil and waterways. Harvard School of Public Health studies have shown that SO2 emissions from power plants significantly harm the cardiovascular and respiratory health of people who live near the plants. According to EPA studies, fine particle pollution from power plants results in thousands of premature deaths each year.
Nitrogen oxide is tied to ground-level ozone, which is especially harmful to children and people with respiratory problems such as asthma. Ground-level ozone is formed when NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react in sunlight. NOx also reacts with ammonia, moisture, and other compounds to form fine particle pollution, which damages lung tissue and is linked to premature death. Small particles penetrate deeply into sensitive parts of the lungs and can cause or worsen respiratory disease such as emphysema and bronchitis, and aggravate heart disease.
Coal-fired power plants are the single largest source of mercury air pollution, accounting for roughly 40 percent of all mercury emissions nationwide. Mercury is a highly toxic metal that, once released into the atmosphere, settles in lakes and rivers, where it moves up the food chain to humans. The Centers for Disease Control has found that roughly 10 percent of American women carry mercury concentrations at levels considered to put a fetus at risk of neurological damage.
The rankings in this report present a snapshot based on the most current publicly available data - 2006 data for SO2, CO2, and NOx, and 2005 data for mercury - from two federal agencies. The report ranks only large power plants (i.e. generating at least two million megawatt-hours) that reported emissions in EPA's Emission Tracking System. For SO2, CO2, and NOx, EIP ranked 378 plants, and for mercury we ranked 274 plants. These plants account for most of the electric generation from the 1,000-plus power plants tracked by EPA. The vast majority of these large power plants are coal-fired.
Net electric generation and plant ownership data is drawn from the Energy Information Administration (EIA) within the Department of Energy, and can be publicly accessed at http://www.eia.doe.gov/. Net electric generation data was obtained from the EIA's "Power Plant Reports." These databases collect the fuel consumption, electric generation, and fuel stocks of all power plants in the United States with a generating capacity of one megawatt and greater. EIA tracks data for combined heat and power plants (typically industrial cogenerators, such as paper mills and refineries), while Form EIA-906 collects data from all-electric power plants. There are approximately 3,000 plants that file the Form EIA-906 annually.
Sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxides emissions data are from EPA's Acid Rain Program Emissions Tracking System (ETS). The database is a publicly accessible repository for SO2, CO2, and NOx data from the utility industry, and includes more than 1,000 power plants regulated under the Acid Rain Program and the NOx SIP Call. Additional information on these programs and ETS can be found on EPA's Clean Air Markets web page at http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/.
Mercury data is derived from EPA's Toxics Release Inventory (TRI); the most current TRI data is for 2005.
All data is self-reported to these agencies by the electric power industry.
The Environmental Integrity Project (http://www.environmentalintegrity.org) is a non-profit non-partisan organization dedicated to stronger enforcement of existing federal and state anti-pollution laws, and to the prevention of political interference with those laws. EIP's research and reports shed light on how enforcement and rulemaking affect public health. EIP also works closely with communities seeking enforcement of environmental laws.
CONTACT: Ailis Aaron Wolf, (703) 276-3265 or email@example.com.
EDITOR'S NOTE: A streaming audio recording of the news event will be available on the Web as of 6 p.m. ET on July 26, 2007 at http://www.environmentalintegrity.org and http://www.dirtykilowatts.org.


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Safety and Health -- Compliance
This OSHA website answers many of the more common questions regarding their HAZWOPER regulation (29 CFR 1910.120, Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response.) It more specifically addresses...
This notice is the first update of the NIOSH Guide to the Selection and Use of Particulate Respirators Certified under 42 CFR part 84 (NIOSH No. 96-101) published in January 1996. It modifies the...
A long list of OSHA forms, some to be ordered, some for download, is available as well as employer resources.
Epa's resource for small businesses to help in establishing safety programs.
This OSHA website provides information regarding sampling and analysis of chemicals in the workplace. The following issues are addressed: relevant OSHA regulations, information about chemical...
This OSHA website provides information and links relevant to asbestos. The following questions are addressed: What OSHA standards apply to asbestos?, What are the hazards of asbestos?, How do I...
This OSHA website provides basic information regarding heat stress, and the prevention of this hazard.
This OSHA website provides links to more information on personal protective equipment and the relevant OSHA regulations. It provides assistance regarding hazard identification and PPE solutions.
This OSHA webpage provides information on the toxic metal, lead. Information on the recognition, evaluation, control, regulatory compliance and training on lead exposure is provided.
An overview of the EPA's policy on using/applying genomics in occupational analysis.
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Hoping to erase all relics from 40 years of dictatorship, Libyan tourism officials said on Tuesday they plan to transform Muammar Gaddafi's demolished compound into an amusement park.
Bab al-Aziziya is now mostly rubble where it once held a sprawling compound for the now-slain Gaddafi and his inner circle.
"The work to clear away the rubble from the ruins of Bab al-Aziziya, which was a black spot in Tripoli and a source of concern for residents, has begun,' Tourism Minister Ikram Basha Imam said, according to The Daily Star in Beirut.
"This space will be transformed into a green area and an amusement park as a place of entertainment for Libyan families.'
NATO airstrikes and rebel forces stormed the compound in August, 2011; homeless families now occupy what's left, AFP reported.
There had been plans to erect a library, theater and monument on the site, The Daily Star said, but that plan was halted.
Efforts are underway to house those who rely on the meager shelter it provides.
Construction is expected to begin in two months, Reuters reported, with eight companies contracted to secure and rebuild the site.
Bab al-Aziziya, or "Splendid Gate,' was a 2.5-square-mile fortress with everything from sports fields to an underground bunker.
It also contained government offices, villas, Gaddafi's preferred Bedouin tents and swimming pools.
Exactly what it will look like after construction remains questionable since Tripoli remains in constant flux due to an unstable government and continued skirmishes.
"Bab al-Aziziya will remain a park until there are definite plans for the city,' Imam said.


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The mathematics community at large seems pretty satisfied right now with the common practice of 1. starting with some axioms and 2. deriving theorems from them by employing some logic. All mathematics is done like this (as far as I know).
Here's the problem I see with this, specifically in the logic part (although I'm not so confident that I can explain it clearly). In defining a logic, you say things like, "A theory T is called a formal theory, if and only if there is an algorithm allowing to verify, is a given text a correct proof via principles of T, or not" (I just copied that from a webpage, so don't worry about the details). I'm focusing specifically on the "if and only if" part. What does "if and only if" mean, logically (i.e. how do I apply it)? Well, It means different things in different logics (our common notion of it changes especially in paraconsistent logics). So do words like "and," "or," and "is." For example, in our daily speaking language when we say "the light is on," we would consider that equivalent to "the light is not off." Not so if we were using a paraconsistent logic. So why assume, in important definitions such as the above, that we are using some agreed upon logic (the logic people normally assume is Aristotelian logic, which assumes the law of non-contradiction and the law of the excluded middle).
Here's my attempt to say it in one sentence with commentary: Using a logic (i.e. applying it to axioms to derive theorems) necessarily entails using another logic (not necessarily the same as the other one) that is not formally defined (it's not that you can't formally define it, but that you are not using it formally but casually, assuming that Aristotelian logic is the "right logic").
Thus, if I applied a logic to some axioms using a paraconsistent logic (which allows contradictions to a degree) instead of Aristotelian logic, a different theory would emerge.
I guess it seems to me that logic is so embedded in our natural language that it's impossible to define a truly "formal" logic in the sense that it does not assume anything (which is precisely what mathematicians have desired to do); even a formal logic assumes the casual use of another logic.


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text: Sijun Forums :: View topic - New Photoshop painting critique Log in to check your private messages Sijun Forums Forum Index >> Gallery/Finished Work View previous topic :: View next topic Author Topic : "New Photoshop painting critique" Xenzojunior memberMember #Joined: 08 Dec 2011Posts: 1Location: Dublin Posted: Thu Dec 08, 2011 3:38 pm Hi guys hows it going, I finished a new painting there in photoshop it's like my 6th painting altogether I think , I spent about a week working on it, nearly everday. If anyone could leave me some constructive criticism that would be great I'm always looking to get better , so don't hold back on the critique! http://xenzo.deviantart.com/art/Killing-Innocents-273000273 Back to top durgldeepmemberMember #Joined: 14 Sep 2001Posts: 843 Posted: Thu Dec 08, 2011 4:00 pm All I can say is: Wow! Thanks for showing. Back to top Pitx3ljunior memberMember #Joined: 26 Jun 2007Posts: 10 Posted: Mon Dec 19, 2011 9:32 am Great image. The only negative critique i found is that the relation between the head (facial position) and the helmet is a bit weird/distorted. You could have been put some more light on his face also, to emphasis his expression. Other than that i love the textured mood very much._________________cours de dessin Back to top jue827junior memberMember #Joined: 02 Jun 2010Posts: 11Location: LOS ANGELES, CA Posted: Thu May 10, 2012 5:51 am the texture of the face could be smoother but besides that its looking good Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First Sijun Forums Forum Index -> Gallery/Finished Work All times are GMT - 8 Hours Page 1 of 1 Jump to: Select a forum Digital Art----------------Digital Art DiscussionWork in ProgressGallery/Finished Work Miscellaneous----------------Random MusingsArchive : Sep99 - Dec00 You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forum Powered by phpBB © 2005 phpBB Group


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Wildlife Coexistence Partnership supports more than 100 projects nationwide in 2011
Wildlife Coexistence Partnership supports more than 100 projects nationwide in 2011
Defenders of Wildlife helps ranchers, communities coexist with wildlife in nine states and Mexico
- Defenders of Wildlife celebrates Earth Day everyday by helping ranchers and communities coexist with wildlife and maintain a healthy environment.
- In 2011, Defenders spent over $300,000 to support more than 100 coexistence projects in nine states and Mexico, focusing on seven different species.
- Projects included hiring range riders, creating buffer zones for prairie dogs, paying for electric fencing, purchasing bear-proof food lockers and dumpsters, purchasing trail cameras to document panther activity and compensating ranchers for lost livestock.
WASHINGTON (April 19, 2012) – Defenders of Wildlife is taking a comprehensive, proactive approach to helping people and wildlife coexist. Through its Wildlife Coexistence Partnership program, Defenders implemented or provided incentives for projects in nine states across the country, including Arizona, Florida, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, New Mexico, Oregon, Washington and Wyoming, as well as Mexico. These projects benefited prairie dogs, bison, gray wolves, grizzly bears, jaguars, polar bears, Florida panthers and Florida black bears. In total, Defenders supported more than 100 projects in 2011 to help communities live with wildlife.
"The nonlethal tools that we're testing in places like Idaho, Oregon and Montana are showing that people really can share the landscape with wolves with a little extra effort," says Suzanne Stone, Defenders Northern Rockies representative in Boise, Idaho. "Fladry, guard dogs, range riders—these basic deterrents have all proven effective when they're given a chance. We've demonstrated that losses to wolves can be dropped to near zero levels if appropriate, proactive steps are taken to prevent conflict. Ranchers are able to safeguard their livestock while helping to maintain healthy populations of native wildlife."
"We recognize that living in areas with grizzly bears or roaming bison isn't always easy. That's why we're investing in projects that benefit people and wildlife," says Jonathan Proctor, Defenders Rocky Mountain representative in Missoula, Montana. "For example, we helped pay for dozens of projects to keep grizzly bears out of chicken coops, beehives, and trash, primarily by installing electric fencing. These methods work and can prevent conflict with minimal upfront cost to individual property owners."
"By working together, we are able to bring imperiled wildlife back from the brink of extinction and ease the burden on livestock owners and ranchers," says Craig Miller, Defenders Southwest representative in Tucson, Arizona. "Our coexistence projects offer a bright future for rare and unique wildlife such as wolves and jaguars and also for ranchers and landowners who are taking steps to help make that possible."
"The Florida panther's downward spiral toward extinction has been reversed in recent years and the number of cats has been growing. But for the population to continue to recover, it's essential the endangered cats avoid conflicts with ranchers and livestock as well as pets and farm animals," says Laurie Macdonald, Defenders Florida director in St. Petersburg. "By exploring coexistence, compensation and incentive programs that work for both panthers and property owners, we can find effective, long-term solutions that protect the big cats and preserve the Florida rancher's way of life."
2011 Totals
Minimum number of proactive projects and incentives by region:
- Northern Rockies – 60
- Southwest and Mexico – 20
- Southeast (Florida) – 21
- Great Plains (Kansas & Wyoming) – 3
Number of compensation payments by region:
- Northern Rockies – 38
- Southwest and Mexico – 2
Minimum number of projects and incentives by species:
- Wolf – 34
- Grizzly bear – 39
- Prairie dog – 3
- Bison – 5
- Jaguar – 2
- Florida panther – 10
- Florida black bear – 11
Number of compensation payments by species:
- Grizzly bear – 31
- Wolf – 9
Minimum amount spent on various project and incentive types:
- Fladry –$20,497
- Range riders – $65,960
- Technical field assistance, workshops and information – $126,509
- Compensation for livestock depredation – $56,650
- Dumpsters, garbage bins and food lockers – $17,483
- Fencing and buffers – $18,650
Defenders of Wildlife has worked for more than a decade to help humans and wildlife coexist by proactively addressing conflicts and fostering human tolerance and appreciation for sharing the landscape with predators and other species. Through our Wildlife Coexistence Partnership program, we work closely with ranchers, landowners, communities and agencies to develop, field-test, implement and cost-share a wide range of nonlethal and innovative management approaches. These include nonlethal predator deterrents (e.g., range riders, livestock guarding dogs, bear-resistant dumpsters, electric fences) and best practices for livestock and land management. We also engage in outreach and education and provide technical assistance and information about coexisting with wildlife. Our programs span North America and cover a wide range of species from predators to prairie dogs.
Learn more about Defenders efforts to help people live with wolves, grizzly bears, prairie dogs, bison, jaguars, Florida panthersand Florida black bears
Download an infographic map of our 2011 Wildlife Coexistence Partnership projects
Defenders of Wildlife is dedicated to the protection of all native animals and plants in their natural communities. With more than 1 million members and activists, Defenders of Wildlife is a leading advocate for innovative solutions to safeguard our wildlife heritage for generations to come. For more information, visit www.defenders.org.


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Rhonda Jo needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 504 designs submitted by 78 freelance designers.
Renaissance Art Academy
Renaissance Art Academy offers fun art classes to all ages. We focus on the 'classical' method of drawing and emphasize correct drawing as the foundation for all other art forms.
Students learn how to see like an artist, simplifying any subject into basic shapes that even a child can draw.
Correct drawing, composition, and color theory are incorporated from the very first lesson, and while the kids have a blast learning how to make beautiful art, I have a blast teaching them!
You can see what we're about and some of our kids' artwork at our website artclassestexarkana.com (I did the website myself-fortunately the kids' artwork helps mask it!) and on facebook (Renaissance Art Academy-Texarkana)
What I teach is serious and technical, but our classes are fun, light, and easy. The kids don't realize they're learning hard-core artistic principles often taught only on the college level!
I am a licensee for "Mission: Renaissance", the world's largest arts program, based in Los Angeles and am a Certified Instructor for their "Gluck Method for Kids" program. The curriculum is world-class-we're not just another 'arts and crafts' class. I have the freedom to choose my own logo and would love to see one thats fun, quirky or artsy on one hand, but somehow shows how serious we are about teaching classic principles that have worked since the Renaissance! (Can I have it all??)
Most of my students are elementary school age, so my target audience will be their mothers (the decision makers) aged 30-45, usually (but not always) upper income. I will also have teen classes and adult classes, and will offer 'studio space' for artists who would like to have a place to come and paint.
Basically, I want to attract everyone that's weaned from the bottle.
(more of 'Can I Have It All'?!)
I'd like a logo that:
-Looks really ARTSY (sorry...) and cool, fun, quirky, but intelligent and (only somewhat) sophisticated, somehow conveying how serious we are about helping each student blossom as an artist-while having lots of fun.
-Maybe a simplified/stylized picture of Mona Lisa with, say, paintbrushes? Winking? Just a thought, I can't wait to see what you create!
-Any colors, but a knock-your-socks-off palette would be awesome, teals, lime greens, red violets?
-Nothing childish or silly cartoonish
-Tag line will be 'Fine Art Classes' or 'Fine Art Classes for All Ages' or something to that effect, perhaps including the website artclassestexarkana.com, maybe each word a different color for easy reading
-This is where I'm supposed to say something about Vectors and PDFs.
All I know is that I need to use this logo for ads, signage, website, stationary and t-shirts-You know what I need, I hope to work with the contest winner on all the above, so make it easy on yourself!
-Please do not use any stock images or clip art in the logo.
The contest will be posted on my website and will be followed on facebook (Renaissance Art Academy-Texarkana) with the Contest Winner's story and/or website featured on both.
I'm so excited and can't wait to see your designs!!!
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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3D simulations to hit the factory floor with CSIRO development
The manufacturing industry may be going through a tough time but manufacturers will soon be able to create faster and more accurate 3D simulations of their factory production lines, with new developments in conjunction with CSIRO.
Stockspot is spot on with cloud-based financial advice
Financial advice can be a complex beast for even the most seasoned wolf of wall street, and one Aussie startup, described as Australia's first cloud based investment advisor, is here to help.
Lockheed Martin announces nuclear fusion breakthrough
American global defence and aerospace firm Lockheed Martin has announced what could be a major breakthrough in the race to develop a power source based on nuclear fusion.


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Ontario Campus Master of Health Science (MHS) Programs
Masters in Health Science schools provide various multiple graduate degree paths that explore different facets of human health and health care. These health science masters programs are designed to bolster a student's expertise in their field and to cultivate them as professionals. Consequently, many universities with masters in health sciences programs work to engage learners with a series of core courses. They then encourage students to build skills that align with their goals through an area of emphasis. These areas might include health policy, environmental health, public health, integrative health, wellness, and more.
Masters in Health Science Schools & Health Science Masters Programs
One thing to know is that Masters in Health Science Schools often award degrees from different university departments. Since the field of health sciences is interdisciplinary, some schools could offer MHS degrees inside of medical programs (e.g. microbiology) while others might tackle policy and administration, advanced research methods or fitness. Below are two examples of health science masters programs from our sponsored schools.
MHS – Master of Health Sciences
A Master of Health Science (MHS) degree program often introduces students to key concepts in public policy, statistical and research methods as well as their real-world applications. By nature flexible and inter-professional, a MHS degree program could stack a core of health science courses onto a student's chosen area of emphasis. The health sciences core usually draws content from several disciplines.
- Biostatistics
- Epidemiology
- Project Management
- Ethics of Health Care Research
- Health Care Systems and Policy
Therefore, students who work towards their MHS degree on campus might learn face to face from a team of faculty from university departments such as business,
biological and allied health, pharmaceutical sciences and chemistry.
In addition, most universities allow students to tailor their MHS degree to personal goals and interests. Some might want an in-depth biomedical curriculum to prepare them to apply to medical, dental, pharmacy, veterinary or other health-care related schools. Others might want to enhance their grasp of an area such as clinical research administration, informatics, or regulatory compliance.
To earn their masters degree in health science, students may need to complete between 30 and 36 credits, which often includes a thesis or capstone project. Some Master of Health Sciences schools may have part-time study options, but for those who work towards their degree on a full-time basis, it could take about one to two years.
Although specific items vary by university, applicants to a MHS program may need to furnish letters of reference, GRE scores, a resume or CV, personal statement, and transcripts. A bachelor of science degree with a minimum 3.0 GPA may be recommended.
MPH - Master of Public Health
A Master of Public Health (MPH) degree program explores areas such as community leadership, public policy, disease control, and health communication. MPH programs often introduce students to basic concepts of public health, such as epidemiology, environmental health sciences, and biostatistics. They also generally explore the biological, environmental, socio-economic, behavioral, cultural, and other factors that impact human health. Other courses in health services administration, budgeting, and HR could prepare students to lead, think systematically and plan strategically.
Students in MPH programs could decide to focus on a given area of public health, such as family and community health, global health, and health care management and policy. For instance, an emphasis in community health might explore media campaigns, social services and public health nutrition.
To earn their masters degree in public health, students may need to complete about 39 to 48 credits of coursework and a thesis of applied public health project. Students who work towards their degree on a full-time basis might complete their degree in about two years.
Applicants to some universities may need a bachelors degree with completed college-level introductory psychology or sociology as well as statistics. Other required material could include a copy of your current resume, letters of reference, transcripts and an essay. Refer to individual schools for more details.
Ready to Find Masters in Health Sciences Schools?
Discover which graduate school's masters in health science program might be the perfect choice for your needs. Filter by location to find MHS programs at a nearby campus, or explore some of the paid programs listed right here. All you have to do to take the next step is use the on-page form to contact the schools on your list and ask about their Masters in Health Science programs.
Sponsored Listings
- Hamilton, ONHamilton, ON
McMaster University
Molecular Biology, Genetics and Cancer
The Programme has been designed to make available to students the educational, research and clinical resources of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Mc...
- Hamilton, ON
- St. Catharines, ONSt. Catharines, ON
Brock University
Graduate program in Applied Health Sciences
Program offers students a unique educational experience which combines mentorship of the student by a faculty supervisor and extensive small group wor...
- Oshawa, ONOshawa, ON
University of Ontario Institute of Technology
Health Sciences
UOIT is offering a graduate program leading to the degree of Master of Health Sciences (MHSc) beginning September 2009.
- North York, ONNorth York, ON
York University
Sponsored Listings


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Sharp MX-3501N Toner Cartridges and Parts
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|Monday, 09 September 2013 20:26
It is one of the most iconic ports in the world, the dramatic backdrop to everything from ancient Roman sailing ships to World War Two military vessels and gas-guzzling speedboats.
Now London's historic River Thames has played host to a new generation of boat -- one which could revolutionize not just the future of nautical design, but scientific research on the high seas.
Introducing MS Turanor Planet Solar -- the world's largest solar-powered boat.
Sunny disposition
Resembling more "Starship Enterprise" than a modern catamaran, the 35-meter vessel arrived in the British capital last week -- its last stop on a scientific expedition across the Atlantic.
Featuring an expandable deck covered in over 500 square meters of solar panels, the 60-ton vessel is completely powered by the sun.
More than 800 solar panels charge enormous lithium-ion batteries stowed in the catamaran's twin hulls, which power two electric motors at the back.
"On a full battery we can run for 72 hours without sun," says captain Gerard d'Aboville, who is also the first man to row solo across the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans.
"I receive meteorological forecasts for the next week, which update on our map every hour, so I can see the sunniest route to take."
Eco expedition
The $16 million vessel cut an impressive figure as it cruised beneath London's raised Tower Bridge, marking the end of an almost three-month scientific expedition along the Atlantic's warm Gulf Stream.
Heading off from Miami in June, the boat's team of scientists examined water and air samples, as part of their research into climate change.
Led by University of Geneva climatologist Martin Beniston -- a member of a United Nations-backed panel on climate change that won the 2007 Nobel peace prize -- they used high-tech "vacuum cleaners" to measure aerosols (fine particles in the air) and winches which plunged 200 meters below the water.
"The fact that the boat doesn't create any pollutants means what we measure is as natural as possible," said Beniston.
"And in terms of awareness-raising, we're carrying out the research in a boat which could be connected to the future and reducing our carbon footprint."
Record breaking design
It's not the first time the high-tech vessel has made headlines around the world. In May last year it also became the first solar-powered vessel to circumnavigate the globe, traveling at an average speed of five knots.
It continued to break the record books earlier this year when it made the fastest solar-powered crossing of the Atlantic -- traveling from Spain to the West Indies in 22 days and breaking its own previous record by four days.
The brainchild of Swiss eco-adventurer Raphael Domjan, the high-tech boat was designed by New Zealand nautical architecture company LOMOcean Design, and built by German shipyard Knierim Yachtbau in 2010.
And with room for up to 60 people, you're more likely to see the unusual boat before you hear it. Unlike other diesel-powered ships, MS Turanor Planet Solar glides silently across the water.
"The boat has a very special look, with her expandable deck," said d'Aboville. "In fact, we were two miles off the coast of Monaco when some people called the police to say there was an airplane on the water."
Old name, new look
But for such a futuristic-looking vessel, MS Turanor Planet Solar has an ancient-sounding name.
"Turanor" was named after the word for "power of the sun" in J.R.R Tolkien's "Lord of the Rings" trilogy.
It may also prove to be the beginnings of an epic adventure -- this time on the high seas.