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Gotcha! Creating a Portal for Enterprise ApplicationsBy Sean Gallagher | Posted 2002-03-18 Print
Did You Know That:
Networks that work well serving data to desktop computers from internal servers may slow to a crawl with the use of applications based on the Web
Less processing on the users' PCs means more demand on network servers and on the network itself. More processing requests, more data being transferred. When PeopleSoft rolled out PeopleSoft8 internally, adjustments had to be made to network infrastructure. "Within the firewall, compared to the client/server architecture, there is more trafficyou're going to the server more, so there is more traffic," says Ram Gupta, executive vice president of products and technology at PeopleSoft. Application performance is tied to your network's bandwidth and throughput as much as processing power. To reduce that dependency, PeopleSoft and other vendors are trying to deliver more code down to the desktop, through use of dynamic HyperText Markup Language and Java applets, which allow some functions like data validation and calculations to be run on users' browsers.
If you've customized client/server systems, portals may be a pain
Because earlier versions of SAP, PeopleSoft and other enterprise software packages were designed around a set of "vanilla" business processes, many customers made major modifications to the software packages to bring them more closely in line with their requirements. But migrating to portals may break a lot of that work. Some PeopleSoft8 users have experienced major difficulties, because they can't just plug their prior custom pieces of code into an upgrade. Since PeopleSoft8 is essentially a complete rewrite of the product, the code built by customers can't easily be ported over to the new systemwhich has caused frustration. Gupta recognizes this. "Based on how much customization you've done in the past, the more challenging an upgrade becomes. The trouble has been with people who've done lots of customization." But Gupta says that many of the functions customers built in-house have now been added into the product.
The migration problem is less of an issue for SAP customers moving from R/3, since R/3 is part of mySAP. However, customers may still have to change some settings to connect them to newer features of the software. The real challenge is moving customized processes from SAP R/2 (a mainframe-based product) to mySAP and R/3which would essentially require a major rewrite.
Some portals are storage hogs
Using Web browsers means more data gets stored back on the serverin some cases, a lot more. That's because additional information and application code that used to be in software on laptop and desktop computers must be stored for each user account in database tables on the server, as well as information about custom views of enterprise data.
Lance Travis, analyst at AMR Research, says moving to mySAP.com can increase required storage on the server by 30% to 50% over SAP R/3 "just to duplicate what you had before." That can add up to hundreds or thousands of additional gigabytes of disk storage. But SAP officials say that most users will experience a great deal smaller growth in storage requirementsusually from 0 to 5%. Customers may see spikes in storage needs because of the additional features built into the mySAP platform that were optional with earlier R/3 implementations, such as the business information warehouse.
Moving to a Web-based version of an old product means new technologyand new problems
Transactions in a client-server environment are, while not child's play, fairly well understood. But doing transactions using the Web is another matter. As companies try to take advantage of technologies like Web services and electronic marketplaces, they may hit some trouble.
"SAP Internet Transaction Server [ITS] is very difficult to deploy; we've heard of very few people who've successfully deployed it," says AMR's Travis. "Lots of people have taken six, nine, or 12 months to roll it out, and have never deployed it correctly. It's a difficult area to get up and running correctly." He points to the complexity of the configuration and problems with the reliability of ITS as the main barriers. SAP officials, however, say SAP customers haven't had major problems with ITS, and that there has been no significant negative feedback about the software.
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StickyTV and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles will be on TV3 weekday afternoons at 3.20pm. Pukana will play at 6.30am Saturdays on TV3.
Pukana, Sticky TV, The Wiggles, The Moe Show and Emma will all be Available on 3now.
Say Hello To Bravo, Your brand new entertainment-lifestyle TV channel.

subset: commoncrawl


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LONGMONT -- Oskar Blues late Wednesday announced its newest addition to the Longmont dining scene: CyclHOPS Bike CAN-tina, which it says will open by the end of this year.
The craft brewer's newest venture is described in the announcement as a "quick full-service taco and tequila eatery" that also will be a full-service bike shop and the official retail home of REEB, the company's line of bikes.
CyclHOPS will be at 600 S. Airport Road, in the Meadow View Shopping Center on the southeast corner of Airport and Nelson roads.
Oskar Blues' chef, Jason Rogers, calls the restaurant portion of the business a "creative Rocky Mountain-Biker-Chef take on a taqueria menu with a mix of quality tequilas and beer."
REEB was started by Oskar Blues' founder Dale Katechis after his mountain bike was stolen in 2011. He hooked up with local welder Chris Sulfrian to design a hand-crafted bike that uses a Gates Carbon Drive instead of a chain and 100 percent American-made materials.
CyclHOPS follows CHUBurger, a "craft casual" restaurant Oskar Blues opened in April, and Home Made Liquids and Solids, which opened in Longmont in October 2009. The brewery's headquarters relocated to Longmont from Lyons in 2008, though it still brews small batches of beer in Lyons and operates its original Grill & Brew there. It opened the Tasty Weasel Tap Room at its 1800 Pike Road brewery in Longmont in 2009.


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Members of the BUNN team had the joy of participating in the 23rd annual Coffee Festival hosted by Calhoun Square and Kitchen Window in Uptown Minneapolis, Minnesota. Participants received a commemorative coffee mug and sampled from over 30 coffee, tea and tasty treat providers. The event also featured free informational seminars. Proceeds from the festival benefited House of Charity -- a local organization that's mission is to "Feed those in need, house those experiencing homelessness, and empower individuals to achieve independence."
We really enjoyed sharing Full Cup coffee from trifecta MB at festival. Many thanks to everyone at Kitchen Windows and Calhoun Square for making the Coffee Festival a success. Also, thank you to the people of Minneapolis for their hospitality and eagerness to learn about trifecta.
This may cause the BUNN website to function incorrectly.
In order to have the best experience with our website, we recommend that you update your browser to the most current version.
Continue to website
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Dawes is a name synonymous with classic British touring bikes and there were plenty of these on display at their 2012 launch, but it was a mountain bike that caught our eye.
British riders have been slow to accept the 29er but these big-wheeled machines are here to stay, and at just £599.99, Dawes' new XC29 Disc brings the concept within reach of a lot more people. It could be the ideal bike for someone who to tackle the odd off-road ride at weekends alongside the daily commute.
For the money, the spec is very good – the XC29 comes with Clarks Skeletal hydraulic disc brakes, an RST Blaze 29 suspension fork with lockout, 27-speed Shimano Alivio gears and Kenda Nevegal tyres. The latter are fine off road but we'd swap them for something smoother rolling for tarmac use.
There have been changes elsewhere in the mountain bike line, with the 26in-wheeled range now topping out at £549.99 – Dawes know their strengths and have no intention of trying to compete in the premium mountain bike market. They've capped their Giro road bike range at the same price, for the same reason.
We'd be wary of taking the cheapest Dawes 'mountain bikes' further than the towpath due to their high-rise stems, no-name tyres and single-wall rims, but the XC21 Disc looks ready to hit the trails. At £349.99 it has an alloy frame with hydroformed top and down tubes, 21 Shimano Altus gears, Clarks CMD-7C mechanical disc brakes, a Suntour M2025 suspension fork, double-wall rims and Kenda K-901/2 tyres.
The XC24 Disc upgrades to an RST Capa T26 fork and 21-speed Shimano Acera for £50 more, while the top XC27 Disc model (£549.99) has 27-speed Shimano Alivio, an RST Blaze T26 fork with lockout, and hydraulic Clarks Skeletal brakes. Dawes have paid attention to aesthetics this year, with features like colour-matched grip lock-on collars and rim graphics.
It's road, hybrid and touring bikes that form the core of Dawes' range and there have been plenty of changes for 2012. The Sportif range of comfort-orientated road bikes carries over from last year but the racier Giro models have had a refresh.
The entry-level Giro 200 boasts a new frame, with a longer head tube and shorter top tube to create a more upright, beginner-friendly ride position. It also has an alloy-bladed fork instead of the all-steel unit spec'd last year and a new short-drop bar. It certainly looks the part, with a white-based colour scheme and lots of logos, although the 14-speed bar-top shifters reveal its budget price – just £299.99.
The £449.99 Giro 300 upgrades to 16-speed Shimano 2300, and this time the gears are operated via STI shifters. It also has Shimano A050 cranks and Tektro 510A calliper brakes. The £549.99 Giro 400 comes with a carbon-bladed fork, which should filter out road buzz as well as saving a bit of weight.
Dawes' parent group, MV Sports & Leisure, have the licence to sell Team GB branded products ahead of the 2012 London Olympic Games and some of these were on show at the 2012 launch in Congresbury, near Bristol. There are two 'racing style bikes' aimed at kids, along with both junior and adult road bikes.
The Team GB Junior Road Bike comes with a choice of 24in (ages 9+) or 26in (11+) wheels and is one for the patriots out there, with a red, white and blue colour scheme and a lion's head on the head tube. It has a similar spec to the Giro 200, with 14 Shimano gears operated via bar-top shifters. RRP is £349.99, the same as for the adult bike.
Dawes have overhauled their hybrid range for 2012, splitting it into two halves – fast commuters on one side (Discovery), and more comfort-oriented bikes (Discovery XO) on the other. While the Discovery XOs come with suspension forks, disc brakes and sofa-like saddles, the Discovery bikes all use rigid forks and V-brakes to keep weight down,
The range starts with the 7005-alloy-framed Discovery Trail, which swaps Dawes' usual subdued look for a love-it-or-hate paintjob featuring coloured spots (women's model) or squares. It comes with twist-grip 18-speed Shimano gearing for £199.99. At the opposite end of the scale, the Discovery 401 has a 24-speed Shimano 2300 road groupset, Tektro mini V-brakes and Vittoria Randonneur tyres for £449.99.
Touring & audax
The classic Galaxy touring bike had an overhaul last year so there's no change for 2012 but the Super Galaxy and Ultra Galaxy have new gearing. Dawes used to pair road shifters with mountain bike cassettes on their tourers but Shimano's move to 10-speed rear shifting means this mix-and-match approach no longer works (even with the latest 10-speed mountain bike cassettes; they've tried).
The Super Galaxy (£1,499.99) now comes with 30-speed Shimano Tiagra gearing and CX50 cantilevers, while the Ultra Galaxy (£1,799.99) uses 30-speed Shimano 105 and CX70 brakes. Dawes insist the larger number of gears makes up for the slightly narrower range but it'll be interesting to see how this goes down with the traditionalists.
The Century SE audax bike is back, in white, but rising component prices mean Dawes have had to spec 27-speed Shimano Sora instead of last year's Tiagra to avoid raising the price (£999.99). The £849.99 Clubman also has a new paintjob (grey) and groupset (Shimano 2300). An Audax SE frameset is available for £599.99, made from Reynolds 631 chromoly – an upgrade over the Reynolds 520 found on the complete bikes.
Finally, the flat-barred Nomad (£1,499.99) was one of the first bikes to sport Shimano's new Alfine 11 hub. Dawes admit it's been tricky getting the gearing right for touring use but they've now settled on 39x20t. The Reynolds 631 framed bike comes with front and rear racks, V-brakes and SKS mudguards. It's available with either 26in or 700c wheels.


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outsourcestaff needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 611 designs submitted by 172 freelance designers.
Lend Ezy
Lend Ezy is an active mortgage company looking to undercut the big banks and provide better service and interest rates to consumers. We are based in Australia and have close ties with Asia.
Mainly we specilize in mortgage finance although we also have products like insurance, personal loans, commercial hire purchase, commercial loans and more.
We want to be the best service provider at the lowest cost to consumers. We pride ourselves on customer service, training and education and wealth creation.
Our target audience is those seeking money/finance for predominantly housing finance and others such as personal loans etc.
Professional, sleek, innovative, fresh and warm feel. Place have fun with the project and be different! No color requirements, no boundaries just have fun!
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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Data Cube Vocabulary/Use Cases
- 1 Data Cube Vocabulary Use Cases and Requirements
- 1.1 Abstract
- 1.2 Status of This Document
- 1.3 Introduction
- 1.4 Terminology
- 1.5 Aim of this document
- 1.6 Use cases
- 1.6.1 SDMX Web Dissemination Use Case
- 1.6.2 Publisher Use Case: UK government financial data from Combined Online Information System (COINS)
- 1.6.3 Publisher Use Case: Publishing Excel Spreadsheets as Linked Data
- 1.6.4 Publisher Use Case: Publishing hierarchically structured data from StatsWales and Open Data Communities
- 1.6.5 Publisher Use Case: Publishing slices of data about UK Bathing Water Quality
- 1.6.6 Publisher Use Case: Eurostat SDMX as Linked Data
- 1.6.7 Publisher Use Case: Representing relationships between statistical data
- 1.6.8 Consumer Use Case: Simple chart visualisations of (integrated) published statistical data
- 1.6.9 Consumer Use Case: Visualising published statistical data in Google Public Data Explorer
- 1.6.10 Consumer Use Case: Analysing published statistical data with common OLAP systems
- 1.6.11 Registry Use Case: Registering published statistical data in data catalogs
- 1.6.12 Template use case
- 1.7 Requirements
- 1.7.1 Vocabulary should build upon the SDMX information model
- 1.7.2 Vocabulary should clarify the use of subsets of observations
- 1.7.3 Vocabulary should recommend a mechanism to support hierarchical code lists
- 1.7.4 Define relationship to ISO19156 - Observations & Measurements
- 1.7.5 There should be a recommended mechanism to allow for publication of aggregates which cross multiple dimensions
- 1.7.6 There should be a recommended way of declaring relations between cubes
- 1.7.7 There should be criteria for well-formedness and assumptions consumers can make about published data
- 1.7.8 There should be mechanisms and recommendations regarding publication and consumption of large amounts of statistical data
- 1.7.9 There should be a recommended way to communicate the availability of published statistical data to external parties and to allow automatic discovery of statistical data
- 1.8 Acknowledgments
- 1.9 References
Data Cube Vocabulary Use Cases and Requirements
Many national, regional and local governments, as well as other organizations in- and outside of the public sector, collect numeric data and aggregate this data into statistics. There is a need to publish theses statistics in a standardised, machine-readable way on the web, so that they can be freely integrated and reused in consuming applications.
This document is a collection of use cases for a standard vocabulary to publish statistics as Linked Data. Furthermore, requirements derived from the use cases and to be met by the vocabulary are described.
Status of This Document
- This section describes the status of this document...
- This document has been created within the Government Linked Data Working Group (GLD XXX Link)
- A draft specification of the Data Cube Vocabulary has been existing for some time, already, and has been used by several deployments (http://publishing-statistical-data.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/specs/src/main/html/cube.html).
- The Use Cases detailed in this document have been taken from existing deployments of the vocabulary as well as by discussion with contributors of the draft specification.
- Comments on this document...
- Publication as a Working Group Note does not imply endorsement by the W3C Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.
- This document...
In the following, we describe the challenge of an RDF vocabulary for publishing statistics as Linked Data. We use the name "vocabulary" throughout the document when referring to the vocabulary.
Publishing statistics - collected and aggregated numeric data - is challenging for the following reasons:
- Representing statistics requires more complex modelling as discussed by Martin Fowler (Fowler, Martin (1997). Analysis Patterns: Reusable Object Models. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0201895420.): Recording a statistic simply as an attribute to an object (e.g., the fact that a person weighs 185 pounds) fails with representing important concepts such as quantity, measurement, and observation.
- Instead, a statistic is modelled as distinguishable object.
- The object describes the actual value, e.g., a numeric value (e.g., 185) in case of a measurement or a categorical value (e.g., "blood group A") in case of a categorical observation.
- To allow correct interpretation of the value, it can be further described by "dimensions", e.g., the specific phenomenon "weight" observed and the unit "pounds". Given background information, e.g., arithmetical and comparative operations, humans and machines can appropriately visualize such observations or have conversions between different quantities.
- Also, an observation separates a value from the actual event at which it was collected; for instance, one can describe the person that collected the observation and the time the observation was collected.
Figure demonstrating specificity of modelling a statistic
- For instance, the Statistical Data and Metadata eXchange (SDMX) - the ISO standard for exchanging and sharing of statistical data and metadata among organizations - uses a similar "multidimensional model". It allows to describe statistics as observations. Observations exhibit values (Measures) that depend on dimensions (Members of Dimensions).
- Since the SDMX standard has proven applicable in many contexts, the vocabulary adopts the multidimensional model that underlies SDMX and will shall be compatible to SDMX.
- Statistics is the study of the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of data. (Statistics. Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics, last visited at Jan 8 2013). Statistics comprise statistical data.
- The basic structure of statistical data is a multidimensional table (also called a data cube) (SDMX User Guide Version 2009.1, http://sdmx.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/sdmx-userguide-version2009-1-71.pdf, last visited Jan 8 2013.), i.e., a set of observed values organized along a group of dimensions, together with associated metadata. If aggregated we refer to statistical data as "macro-data" whereas if not, we refer to "micro-data".
- Statistical data can be collected in a dataset, typically published and maintained by an organisation (SDMX User Guide Version 2009.1, http://sdmx.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/sdmx-userguide-version2009-1-71.pdf, last visited Jan 8 2013.). The dataset contains metadata, e.g., about the time of collection and publication or about the maintaining and publishing organisation.
- Source data is data from datastores such as RDBs or spreadsheets that acts as a source for the Linked Data publishing process.
- A publisher is a person or organization that exposes source data as Linked Data on the Web.
- A consumer is a person or agent that uses Linked Data from the Web.
- A registry collects metadata about statistical data in a registration fashion.
- A format is machine-readable if it is amenable to automated processing by a machine, as opposed to presentation to a human user.
Aim of this document
The aim of this document is to present use cases (rather than general scenarios) that would benefit from a standard vocabulary to represent statistics as Linked Data. These use cases will be used for derive and justify requirements for a specification of such a standard vocabulary and will be used to later evaluate the suitability of the vocabulary to fulfil the requirements. Use cases do not necessarily need to be implemented, their main aim is a "design decision FAQ" to make sure requirements to the vocabulary are derived systematically and not in an ad-hoc way and to bring together the vocabulary's specification and use cases.
Use cases
This section presents use cases that would be enabled by the existence of a standard vocabulary for the representation of statistics as Linked Data.
SDMX Web Dissemination Use Case
- Since we have adopted the multidimensional model that underlies SDMX, we also adopt the "Web Dissemination Use Case" (SDMX 2.1 User Guide Version. Version 0.1 - 19/09/2012. http://sdmx.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/SDMX_2-1_User_Guide_draft_0-1.pdf. Last visited on Jan 8 2013.) which is the prime use case for SDMX since it is an increasing popular use of SDMX and enables organisations to build a self-updating dissemination system.
- The Web Dissemination Use Case contains three actors, a structural metadata web service (registry) that collects metadata about statistical data in a registration fashion, a data web service (publisher) that publishes statistical data and its metadata as registered in the structural metadata web service, and a data consumption application (consumer) that first discovers data from the registry, then queries data from the corresponding publisher of selected data, and then visualises the data.
- Abstracted from the SDMX specificities, this use case contains the following processes, also illustrated in a process flow diagram by SDMX and in more detail described as follows:
Process flow diagram by SDMX (SDMX 2.1 User Guide Version)For instance, i
- A structural metadata source (registry) collects metadata about statistical data.
- A data web service (publisher) registers statistical data in a registry, and provides statistical data from a database and metadata from a metadata repository for consumers. For that, the publisher creates database tables (see 1 in figure), and loads statistical data in a database and metadata in a metadata repository.
- A consumer discovers data from a registry (3) and creates a query to the publisher for selected statistical data (4).
- The publisher translates the query to a query to its database (5) as well as metadata repository (6) and returns the statistical data and metadata.
- The consumer visualises the returned statistical data and metadata.
The SDMX Web Dissemination Use Case can be concretised by several sub-use cases, detailed in the following sections.
Publisher Use Case: UK government financial data from Combined Online Information System (COINS)
- This use case has been summarised from Ian Dickinson et al. (COINS as Linked Data. http://data.gov.uk/resources/coins. Last visited on Jan 9 2013).
- More and more organizations want to publish statistics on the web, for reasons such as increasing transparency and trust. Although in the ideal case, published data can be understood by both humans and machines, data often is simply published as CSV, PDF, XSL etc., lacking elaborate metadata, which makes free usage and analysis difficult.
- Therefore, the goal in this use case is to use a machine-readable and application-independent description of common statistics with use of open standards, to foster usage and innovation on the published data.
- In the "COINS as Linked Data" project (Ian Dickinson et al. COINS as Linked Data. http://data.gov.uk/resources/coins. Last visited on Jan 9 2013), the Combined Online Information System (COINS) (Treasury's web site. http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/psr_coins_data.htm. Last visited on Jan 9 2013) shall be published using a standard Linked Data vocabulary.
- In the Combined Online Information System (COINS), HM Treasury, the principal custodian of financial data for the UK government, released previously restricted financial information about government spendings.
Benefits: According to the COINS as Linked Data project, the reason for publishing COINS as Linked Data are threefold:
- using open standard representation makes it easier to work with the data with available technologies and promises innovative third-party tools and usages
- individual transactions and groups of transactions are given an identity, and so can be referenced by web address (URL), to allow them to be discussed, annotated, or listed as source data for articles or visualizations
- cross-links between linked-data datasets allow for much richer exploration of related datasets
- The COINS data has a hypercube structure. It describes financial transactions using seven independent dimensions (time, data-type, department etc.) and one dependent measure (value). Also, it allows thirty-three attributes that may further describe each transaction. For further information, see the "COINS as Linked Data" project website.
- COINS is an example of one of the more complex statistical datasets being publishing via data.gov.uk.
- Part of the complexity of COINS arises from the nature of the data being released.
- The published COINS datasets cover expenditure related to five different years (2005–06 to 2009–10). The actual COINS database at HM Treasury is updated daily. In principle at least, multiple snapshots of the COINS data could be released through the year.
- The COINS use case leads to the following challenges
- The actual data and its hypercube structure are to be represented separately so that an application first can examine the structure before deciding to download the actual data, i.e., the transactions. The hypercube structure also defines for each dimension and attribute a range of permitted values that are to be represented.
- An access or query interface to the COINS data, e.g., via a SPARQL endpoint or the linked data API, is planned. Queries that are expected to be interesting are: "spending for one department", "total spending by department", "retrieving all data for a given observation",
- Also, the publisher favours a representation that is both as self-descriptive as possible, i.e., others can link to and download fully-described individual transactions and as compact as possible, i.e., information is not unnecessarily repeated.
- Moreover, the publisher is thinking about the possible benefit of publishing slices of the data, e.g., datasets that fix all dimensions but the time dimension. For instance, such slices could be particularly interesting for visualisations or comments. However, depending on the number of Dimensions, the number of possible slices can become large which makes it difficult to select all interesting slices.
- An important benefit of linked data is that we are able to annotate data, at a fine-grained level of detail, to record information about the data itself. This includes where it came from – the provenance of the data – but could include annotations from reviewers, links to other useful resources, etc. Being able to trust that data to be correct and reliable is a central value for government-published data, so recording provenance is a key requirement for the COINS data.
- A challenge also is the size of the data, especially since it is updated regularly. Five data files already contain between 3.3 and 4.9 million rows of data.
- The use case is fulfilled if the standard will be a Linked Data vocabulary for encoding statistical data that has a hypercube structure and as such can describe common statistics in a machine-readable and application-independent way: Data Cube Vocabulary/Use Cases#Vocabulary should build upon the SDMX information model
- There should be a consensus on the issue of flattening or abbreviating data; one suggestion is to author data without the duplication, but have the data publication tools "flatten" the compact representation into standalone observations during the publication process: Data Cube Vocabulary/Use Cases#Vocabulary should clarify the use of subsets of observations
- It is somewhat unclear at this point which slices through the data will be useful to (COINS-RDF) users. Guidance in selecting and creating useful slices might be necessary: Data Cube Vocabulary/Use Cases#Vocabulary should clarify the use of subsets of observations
Publisher Use Case: Publishing Excel Spreadsheets as Linked Data
- Part of this use case has been contributed by Rinke Hoekstra (CEDA_R and Data2Semantics).
- Not only in government, there is a need to publish considerable amounts of statistical data to be consumed in various (also unexpected) application scenarios. Typically, Microsoft Excel sheets are made available for download. Those excel sheets contain single spreadsheets with several multidimensional data tables, having a name and notes, as well as column values, row values, and cell values.
- The goal in this use case is to to publish spreadsheet information in a machine-readable format on the web, e.g., so that crawlers can find spreadsheets that use a certain column value. The published data should represent and make available for queries the most important information in the spreadsheets, e.g., rows, columns, and cell values.
- For instance, in the CEDA_R and Data2Semantics projects publishing and harmonizing Dutch historical census data (from 1795 onwards) is a goal. These censuses are now only available as Excel spreadsheets (obtained by data entry) that closely mimic the way in which the data was originally published and shall be published as Linked Data.
Challenges in this use case:
- All context and so all meaning of the measurement point is expressed by means of dimensions. The pure number is the star of an ego-network of attributes or dimensions. In a RDF representation it is then easily possible to define hierarchical relationships between the dimensions (that can be exemplified further) as well as mapping different attributes across different value points. This way a harmonization among variables is performed around the measurement points themselves.
- In historical research, until now, harmonization across datasets is performed by hand, and in subsequent iterations of a database: it is very hard to trace back the provenance of decisions made during the harmonization procedure.
- Combining Data Cube with SKOS to allow for cross-location and cross-time historical analysis
- Novel visualisation of census data
- Integration with provenance vocabularies, e.g., PROV-O, for tracking of harmonization steps
- These challenges may seem to be particular to the field of historical research, but in fact apply to government information at large. Government is not a single body that publishes information at a single point in time. Government consists of multiple (altering) bodies, scattered across multiple levels, jurisdictions and areas. Publishing government information in a consistent, integrated manner requires exactly the type of harmonization required in this use case.
- Excel sheets provide much flexibility in arranging information. It may be necessary to limit this flexibility to allow automatic transformation.
- There are many spreadsheets.
- Semi-structured information, e.g., notes about lineage of data cells, may not be possible to be formalized.
- Another concrete example is the Stats2RDF [1] project that intends to publish biomedical statistical data that is represented as Excel sheets. Here, Excel files are first translated into CSV and then translated into RDF.
- Data Cube Vocabulary/Use Cases#Vocabulary should recommend a mechanism to support hierarchical code lists
Publisher Use Case: Publishing hierarchically structured data from StatsWales and Open Data Communities
- Use case has been taken from QB4OLAP (Etcheverry, Vaismann. Paper: QB4OLAP : A New Vocabulary for OLAP Cubes on the Semantic Web. http://publishing-multidimensional-data.googlecode.com/git/index.html)
- It often comes up in statistical data that you have some kind of 'overall' figure, which is then broken down into parts (GLD mailing list discussion. http://groups.google.com/group/publishing-statistical-data/msg/7c80f3869ff4ba0f).
- Paper on QB4OLAP (Etcheverry, Vaismann. Paper: QB4OLAP : A New Vocabulary for OLAP Cubes on the Semantic Web. http://publishing-multidimensional-data.googlecode.com/git/index.html) presents the use case to publish household data from StatsWales (http://statswales.wales.gov.uk/index.htm) and Open Data Communities (http://opendatacommunities.org/doc/dataset/housing/household-projections).
- This multidimensional data contains for each fact a time dimension with one level year and a location dimension with levels Unitary Authority, Government Office Region, Country, and ALL.
- As unit, units of 1000 households is used.
- In this use case, one wants to publish not only a dataset on the bottom most level, i.e. what are the number of households at each Unitary Authority in each year, but also a dataset on more aggregated levels.
- For instance, in order to publish a dataset with the number of households at each Government Office Region per year, one needs to aggregate the measure of each fact having the same Government Office Region using the SUM function.
- Importantly, one would like to maintain the relationship between the resulting datasets, i.e., the levels and aggregation functions.
- Note, this use case does not simply need a selection (or "dice" in OLAP context) where one fixes the time period and the measure (qb:Slice where you fix the time period and the measure).
- Data Cube Vocabulary/Use Cases#Vocabulary should recommend a mechanism to support hierarchical code lists
Publisher Use Case: Publishing slices of data about UK Bathing Water Quality
- Use case has been provided by Epimorphics Ltd (http://www.epimorphics.com/web/projects/bathing-water-quality).
- As part of their work with data.gov.uk and the UK Location Programme Epimorphics Ltd have been working to pilot the publication of both current and historic bathing water quality information from the UK Environment Agency (http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/) as Linked Data.
- The UK has a number of areas, typically beaches, that are designated as bathing waters where people routinely enter the water. The Environment Agency monitors and reports on the quality of the water at these bathing waters.
- The Environement Agency's data can be thought of as structured in 3 groups:
- There is basic reference data describing the bathing waters and sampling points
- There is a data set "Annual Compliance Assessment Dataset" giving the rating for each bathing water for each year it has been monitored
- There is a data set "In-Season Sample Assessment Dataset" giving the detailed weekly sampling results for each bathing water
- The most important dimensions of the data are bathing water, sampling point, and compliance classification.
- Challenges:
- Observations may exhibit a number of attributes, e.g., whether ther was an abnormal weather exception.
- Relevant slices of both datasets are to be created:
- Annual Compliance Assessment Dataset: all the observations for a specific sampling point, all the observations for a specific year.
- In-Season Sample Assessment Dataset: samples for a given sampling point, samples for a given week, samples for a given year, samples for a given year and sampling point, latest samples for each sampling point.
- The use case suggests more arbitrary subsets of the observations, e.g., collecting all the "latest" observations in a continuously updated data set.
Existing Work (optional): Semantic Sensor Network ontology (SSN) [2] already provides a way to publish sensor information. SSN data provides statistical Linked Data and grounds its data to the domain, e.g., sensors that collect observations (e.g., sensors measuring average of temperature over location and time). A number of organizations, particularly in the Climate and Meteorological area already have some commitment to the OGC "Observations and Measurements" (O&M) logical data model, also published as ISO 19156. Are there any statements about compatibility and interoperability between O&M and Data Cube that can be made to give guidance to such organizations?
- Data Cube Vocabulary/Use Cases#Vocabulary should clarify the use of subsets of observations
- An number of organizations, particularly in the Climate and Meteorological area already have some commitment to the OGC "Observations and Measurements" (O&M) logical data model, also published as ISO 19156. There should be statements about compatibility and interoperability between O&M and the vocabulary that can be made to give guidance to such organizations: Data Cube Vocabulary/Use Cases#Define relationship to ISO19156 - Observations & Measurements
Publisher Use Case: Eurostat SDMX as Linked Data
- This use case has been taken from Eurostat Linked Data Wrapper (http://estatwrap.ontologycentral.com/) and Linked Statistics Eurostat Data (http://eurostat.linked-statistics.org/), both deployments for publishing Eurostat SDMX as Linked Data using the draft version of the vocabulary.
- As mentioned already, the ISO standard for exchanging and sharing statistical data and metadata among organizations is Statistical Data and Metadata eXchange (SDMX). Since this standard has proven applicable in many contexts, we adopt the multidimensional model that underlies SDMX and intend the standard vocabulary to be compatible to SDMX.
- Therefore, in this use case we intend to explain the benefit and challenges of publishing SDMX data as Linked Data.
- As one of the main adopters of SDMX, Eurostat (http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/) publishes large amounts of European statistics coming from a data warehouse as SDMX and other formats on the web.
- Eurostat also provides an interface to browse and explore the datasets. However, linking such multidimensional data to related data sets and concepts would require download of interesting datasets and manual integration.
- The goal here is to improve integration with other datasets; Eurostat data should be published on the web in a machine-readable format, possible to be linked with other datasets, and possible to be freeley consumed by applications.
- Both Eurostat Linked Data Wrapper (http://estatwrap.ontologycentral.com/), and Linked Statistics Eurostat Data (http://eurostat.linked-statistics.org/) intend to publish Eurostat SDMX data as Linked Data.
- In these use cases, Eurostat (http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/eurostat/home/) data shall be published as 5-star (http://5stardata.info/) Linked Open Data.
- Eurostat data is partly published as SDMX, partly as tabular data (TSV, similar to CSV).
- Eurostat provides a TOC of published datasets (http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/NavTree_prod/everybody/BulkDownloadListing?sort=1&file=table_of_contents_en.xml) as well as a feed of modified and new datasets.
- Eurostat provides a list of used codelists, i.e., range of permitted dimension values (http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/NavTree_prod/everybody/BulkDownloadListing?sort=1&dir=dic).
- Any Eurostat dataset contains a varying set of dimensions (e.g., date, geo, obs_status, sex, unit) as well as measures (generic value, content is specified by dataset, e.g., GDP per capita in PPS, Total population, Employment rate by sex).
- Benefits
- Possible implementation of ETL pipelines based on Linked Data technologies (e.g., LDSpider) to load the data into a data warehouse for analysis
- Allows useful queries to the data, e.g., comparison of statistical indicators across EU countries.
- Allows to attach contextual information to statistics during the interpretation process.
- Allows to reuse single observations from the data.
- Linking to information from other data sources, e.g., for geo-spatial dimension.
- Challenges
- New Eurostat datasets are added regularly to Eurostat. The Linked Data representation should automatically provide access to the most-up-to-date data.
- How to match elements of the geo-spatial dimension to elements of other data sources, e.g., NUTS, GADM.
- There is a large number of Eurostat datasets, each possibly containing a large number of columns (dimensions) and rows (observations). Eurostat publishes more than 5200 datasets, which, when converted into RDF require more than 350GB of disk space yielding a dataspace with some 8 billion triples.
- In the Eurostat Linked Data Wrapper, there is a timeout for transforming SDMX to Linked Data, since Google App Engine is used. Mechanisms to reduce the amount of data that needs to be translated would be needed.
- Provide a useful interface for browsing and visualising the data. One problem is that the data sets have to high dimensionality to be displayed directly. Instead, one could visualise slices of time series data. However, for that, one would need to either fix most other dimensions (e.g., sex) or aggregate over them (e.g., via average). The selection of useful slices from the large number of possible slices is a challenge.
- Each dimension used by a dataset has a range of permitted values that ought to be represented.
- The Eurostat SDMX as Linked Data use case suggests to have time lines on data aggregating over the gender dimension.
- The Eurostat SDMX as Linked Data use case suggests to provide data on a gender level and on a level aggregating over the gender dimension.
- Updates to the data
- Eurostat - Linked Data pulls in changes from the original Eurostat dataset on weekly basis and conversion process runs every Saturday at noon taking into account new datasets along with updates to existing datasets.
- Eurostat Linked Data Wrapper on-the-fly translates Eurostat datasets into RDF so that always the most current data is used. The problem is only to point users towards the URIs of Eurostat datasets: Estatwrap provides a feed of modified and new datasets (http://estatwrap.ontologycentral.com/feed.rdf). Also, it provides a TOC that could be automatically updated (http://estatwrap.ontologycentral.com/table_of_contents.html) from the Eurostat TOC (http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/NavTree_prod/everybody/BulkDownloadListing?sort=1&file=table_of_contents_en.xml).
- Query interface
- Eurostat - Linked Data provides SPARQL endpoint for the metadata (not the observations).
- Eurostat Linked Data Wrapper allows and demonstrates how to use Qcrumb.com to query the data.
- Browsing and visualising interface
- Eurostat Linked Data Wrapper provides for each dataset an HTML page showing a visualisation of the data.
- Not dealt with
- One possible application would run validation checks over Eurostat data. The intended standard vocabulary is to publish the Eurostat data as-is and is not intended to represent information for validation (similar to business rules).
- Requirements
- Observations should be able to have their own URIs in order to allow linking from other sources: Data Cube Vocabulary/Use Cases#Vocabulary should build upon the SDMX information model
- Data Cube Vocabulary/Use Cases#There should be mechanisms and recommendations regarding publication and consumption of large amounts of statistical data
Publisher Use Case: Representing relationships between statistical data
- This use case has mainly been taken from the COINS project (http://data.gov.uk/resources/coins).
- In several applications, relationships between statistical data need to be represented.
- The goal of this use case is to describe provenance, transformations, and versioning around statistical data, so that the history of statistics published on the web becomes clear. This may also relate to the issue of having relationships between datasets published.
- For instance, the COINS project (http://data.gov.uk/resources/coins) has at least four perspectives on what they mean by "COINS" data: the abstract notion of "all of COINS", the data for a particular year, the version of the data for a particular year released on a given date, and the constituent graphs which hold both the authoritative data translated from HMT's own sources. Also, additional supplementary information which they derive from the data, for example by cross-linking to other datasets.
- Another specific use case is that the Welsh Assembly government publishes a variety of population datasets broken down in different ways. For many uses then population broken down by some category (e.g. ethnicity) is expressed as a percentage. Separate datasets give the actual counts per category and aggregate counts. In such cases it is common to talk about the denominator (often DENOM) which is the aggregate count against which the percentages can be interpreted.
- Another example for representing relationships between statistical data are transformations on datasets, e.g., addition of derived measures, conversion of units, aggregations, OLAP operations, and enrichment of statistical data. A concrete example is given by Freitas et al. (Freitas, A., Kämpgen, B., Oliveira, J. G., O'Riain, S., & Curry, E. (2012). Representing Interoperable Provenance Descriptions for ETL Workflows. ESWC 2012 Workshop Highlights (pp. 1–15). Springer Verlag, 2012 (in press). (Extended Paper published in Conf. Proceedings.).)
- Here, numbers from a sustainability report have been created by a number of transformations to statistical data. Different numbers (e.g., 600 for year 2009 and 503 for year 2010) might have been created differently, leading to different reliabilities to compare both numbers.
- Benefits
- Making transparent the transformation a dataset has been exposed to. Increases trust in the data.
- Challenges
- Operations on statistical data result in new statistical data, depending on the operation. For instance, in terms of Data Cube, operations such as slice, dice, roll-up, drill-down will result in new Data Cubes. This may require representing general relationships between cubes (as discussed here: http://groups.google.com/group/publishing-statistical-data/browse_thread/thread/75762788de10de95).
- Should Data Cube support explicit declaration of such relationships either between separated qb:DataSets or between measures with a single qb:DataSet (e.g. ex:populationCount and ex:populationPercent)?
- If so should that be scoped to simple, common relationships like DENOM or allow expression of arbitrary mathematical relations?
- Existing Work (optional): Possible relation to Best Practices part on Versioning (http://www.w3.org/2011/gld/wiki/Best_Practices_Discussion_Summary#Versioning), where it is specified how to publish data which has multiple versions.
- Data Cube Vocabulary/Use Cases#There should be a recommended way of declaring relations between cubes
Consumer Use Case: Simple chart visualisations of (integrated) published statistical data
- Use case taken from SMART research project (http://www.iwrm-smart.org/).
Data that is published on the Web is typically visualized by transforming it manually into CSV or Excel and then creating a visualization on top of these formats using Excel, Tableau, RapidMiner, Rattle, Weka etc.
This use case shall demonstrate how statistical data published on the web can be with few effort visualized inside a webpage, without using commercial or highly-complex tools.
An example scenario is environmental research done within the SMART research project (http://www.iwrm-smart.org/). Here, statistics about environmental aspects (e.g., measurements about the climate in the Lower Jordan Valley) shall be visualized for scientists and decision makers. Statistics should also be possible to be integrated and displayed together. The data is available as XML files on the web. On a separate website, specific parts of the data shall be queried and visualized in simple charts, e.g., line diagrams.
Figure shows the wanted display of an environmental measure over time for three regions in the lower Jordan valley; displayed inside a web page:
Figure shows the same measures in a pivot table. Here, the aggregate COUNT of measures per cell is given.
Challenges of this use case are:
- The difficulties lay in structuring the data appropriately so that the specific information can be queried.
- Also, data shall be published with having potential integration in mind. Therefore, e.g., units of measurements need to be represented.
- Integration becomes much more difficult if publishers use different measures, dimensions.
- Data Cube Vocabulary/Use Cases#There should be criteria for well-formedness and assumptions consumers can make about published data
Consumer Use Case: Visualising published statistical data in Google Public Data Explorer
Google Public Data Explorer (GPDE - http://code.google.com/apis/publicdata/) provides an easy possibility to visualize and explore statistical data. Data needs to be in the Dataset Publishing Language (DSPL - https://developers.google.com/public-data/overview) to be uploaded to the data explorer. A DSPL dataset is a bundle that contains an XML file, the schema, and a set of CSV files, the actual data. Google provides a tutorial to create a DSPL dataset from your data, e.g., in CSV. This requires a good understanding of XML, as well as a good understanding of the data that shall be visualized and explored.
- In this use case, the goal is to take statistical data published on the web and to transform it into DSPL for visualization and exploration with as few effort as possible.
- For instance, Eurostat data about Unemployment rate downloaded from the web.
- Benefits
- If a standard Linked Data vocabulary is used, visualising and exploring new data that already is represented using this vocabulary can easily be done using GPDE.
- Datasets can be first integrated using Linked Data technology and then analysed using GDPE.
Challenges of this use case are:
- There are different possible approaches each having advantages and disadvantages: 1) A customer C is downloading this data into a triple store; SPARQL queries on this data can be used to transform the data into DSPL and uploaded and visualized using GPDE. 2) or, one or more XLST transformation on the RDF/XML transforms the data into DSPL.
- The technical challenges for the consumer here lay in knowing where to download what data and how to get it transformed into DSPL without knowing the data.
- Unanticipated Uses (optional): DSPL is representative for using statistical data published on the web in available tools for analysis. Similar tools that may be automatically covered are: Weka (arff data format), Tableau, SPSS, STATA, PC-Axis etc.
- Data Cube Vocabulary/Use Cases#There should be criteria for well-formedness and assumptions consumers can make about published data
Consumer Use Case: Analysing published statistical data with common OLAP systems
- Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) is an analysis method on multidimensional data. It is an explorative analysis methode that allows users to interactively view the data on different angles (rotate, select) or granularities (drill-down, roll-up), and filter it for specific information (slice, dice).
- OLAP systems that first use ETL pipelines to Extract-Load-Transform relevant data for efficient storage and queries in a data warehouse and then allows interfaces to issue OLAP queries on the data are commonly used in industry to analyse statistical data on a regular basis.
- The goal in this use case is to allow analysis of published statistical data with common OLAP systems (Kämpgen, B., & Harth, A. (2011). Transforming Statistical Linked Data for Use in OLAP Systems. I-Semantics 2011. Retrieved from http://www.aifb.kit.edu/web/Inproceedings3211)
- For that a multidimensional model of the data needs to be generated. A multidimensional model consists of facts summarised in data cubes. Facts exhibit measures depending on members of dimensions. Members of dimensions can be further structured along hierarchies of levels.
- An example scenario of this use case is the Financial Information Observation System (FIOS) (Andreas Harth, Sean O'Riain, Benedikt Kämpgen. Submission XBRL Challenge 2011. http://xbrl.us/research/appdev/Pages/275.aspx), where XBRL data provided by the SEC on the web is to be re-published as Linked Data and made analysable for stakeholders in a web-based OLAP client Saiku.
- The following figure shows an example of using FIOS. Here, for three different companies, cost of goods sold as disclosed in XBRL documents are analysed. As cell values either the number of disclosures or - if only one available - the actual number in USD is given:
- OLAP operations cover typical business requirements, e.g., slice, dice, drill-down.
- OLAP frontends intuitive interactive, explorative, fast. Interfaces well-known to many people in industry.
- OLAP functionality provided by many tools that may be reused
- ETL pipeline needs to automatically populate a data warehouse. Common OLAP systems use relational databases with a star schema.
- A problem lies in the strict separation between queries for the structure of data (metadata queries), and queries for actual aggregated values (OLAP operations).
- Another problem lies in defining Data Cubes without greater insight in the data beforehand.
- Depending on the expressivity of the OLAP queries (e.g., aggregation functions, hierarchies, ordering), performance plays an important role.
- Data Cube Vocabulary/Use Cases#There should be criteria for well-formedness and assumptions consumers can make about published data
- Data Cube Vocabulary/Use Cases#Vocabulary should build upon the SDMX information model
Registry Use Case: Registering published statistical data in data catalogs
After statistics have been published as Linked Data, the question remains how to communicate the publication and let users discover the statistics. There are catalogs to register datasets, e.g., CKAN, datacite.org (http://www.datacite.org/), da|ra (http://www.gesis.org/dara/en/home/?lang=en), and Pangea (http://pangaea.de/). Those catalogs require specific configurations to register statistical data.
The goal of this use case is to demonstrate how to expose and distribute statistics after publication. For instance, to allow automatic registration of statistical data in such catalogs, for finding and evaluating datasets. To solve this issue, it should be possible to transform the published statistical data into formats that can be used by data catalogs.
- A concrete use case is the structured collection of RDF Data Cube Vocabulary datasets in the PlanetData Wiki (http://wiki.planet-data.eu/web/Datasets). It is supposed to list statistical data published. This list is supposed to describe the formal RDF descriptions on a higher level and to provide a useful overview of RDF Data Cube deployments in the Linked Data cloud.
- Problems and Limitations: -
- Unanticipated Uses (optional): If data catalogs contain statistics, they do not expose those using Linked Data but for instance using CSV or HTML (Pangea [3]). It could also be a use case to publish such data using the standard vocabulary.
- Existing Work (optional): The Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT) is strongly related to this use case since it may complement the standard vocabulary for representing statistics in the case of registering data in a data catalog.
Use Cases
- Data Cube Vocabulary/Use Cases#There should be a recommended way to communicate the availability of published statistical data to external parties and to allow automatic discovery of statistical data
- Data Cube Vocabulary/Use Cases#Vocabulary should build upon the SDMX information model
Template use case
* Background and Current Practice: * Goal: * Use Case Scenario: * Problems and Limitations: * Unanticipated Uses ''(optional)'': * Existing Work ''(optional)'':
- Name: The Wiki page URL should be of the form "Use_Case_Name", where Name is a short name by which we can refer to the use case in discussions. The Wiki page URL can act as a URI identifier for the use case.
- Person: The person responsible for maintaining the correctness/completeness of this use case. Most obviously, this would be the creator.
- Dimension: The primary dimension which this use case illustrates, and secondary dimensions which the use case also illustrates.
- Background and Current Practice: Where this use case takes place in a specific domain, and so requires some prior information to understand, this section is used to describe that domain. As far as possible, please put explanation of the domain in here, to keep the scenario as short as possible. If this scenario is best illustrated by showing how applying technology could replace current existing practice, then this section can be used to describe the current practice. This section can also be used to document statistical data within the use case.
- Goal: Two short statements stating (1) what is achieved in the scenario without reference to RDF Data Cube vocabulary, and (2) how we use the RDF Data Cube vocabulary to achieve this goal.
- Use Case Scenario: The use case scenario itself, described as a story in which actors interact with systems, each other etc. It should show who is using the standard vocabulary for publishing statistics as Linked Data and for what purpose. Please mark the key steps which show requirements in italics.
- Problems and Limitations: The key to why a use case is important often lies in what problem would occur if it was not achieved, or what problem means it is hard to achieve. This section lists reasons why this scenario is or may be difficult to achieve, including pre-requisites which may not be met, technological obstacles etc. Important: Please explicitly list here the technical challenges (with regards to statistical data) made apparent by this use case. This will aid in creating a roadmap to overcome those challenges.
- Unanticipated Uses (optional): The scenario above describes a particular case of using technology. However, by allowing this scenario to take place, the technology allows for other use cases. This section captures unanticipated uses of the same system apparent in the use case scenario.
- Existing Work (optional): This section is used to refer to existing technologies or approaches which achieve the use case.
- Requirements: Name requirements that are derived from this use case.
- The use cases presented in the previous section give rise to the following requirements for a standard representation of statistics.
- Requirements are cross-linked with the use cases that motivate them.
Vocabulary should build upon the SDMX information model
- The draft version of the vocabulary builds upon SDMX Standards Version 2.0 (http://sdmx.org/?page_id=16)
- A new version of SDMX, SDMX Standards, Version 2.1, is available (http://sdmx.org/?p=899).
- The requirement is to at least build upon Version 2.0, if specific use cases derived from Version 2.1 become available, the working group may consider building upon Version 2.1.
- Background information:
- Use Cases
Vocabulary should clarify the use of subsets of observations
- There should be a consensus on the issue of flattening or abbreviating data; one suggestion is to author data without the duplication, but have the data publication tools "flatten" the compact representation into standalone observations during the publication process.
Background information:
- Since there are no use cases for qb:subslice, the vocabulary should clarify or drop the use of qb:subslice.
Background information:
- Use Cases
Vocabulary should recommend a mechanism to support hierarchical code lists
- First, hierarchical code lists may be supported via SKOS.
- Allow for cross-location and cross-time analysis of statistical datasets
- Second, one can think of non-SKOS hierarchical code lists. E.g., if simple skos:narrower/skos:broader relationships are not sufficient or if a vocabulary uses specific hierarchical properties, e.g., geo:containedIn.
- Also, the use of hierarchy levels needs to be clarified. It has been suggested, to allow skos:Collections as value of qb:codeList.
Background information
Use cases
Define relationship to ISO19156 - Observations & Measurements
- An number of organizations, particularly in the Climate and Meteorological area already have some commitment to the OGC "Observations and Measurements" (O&M) logical data model, also published as ISO 19156. Are there any statements about compatibility and interoperability between O&M and Data Cube that can be made to give guidance to such organizations?
- Issue: http://www.w3.org/2011/gld/track/issues/32
Use Cases
- Data Cube Vocabulary/Use Cases#Publisher Use Case: Publishing slices of data about UK Bathing Water Quality
There should be a recommended mechanism to allow for publication of aggregates which cross multiple dimensions
Use Cases:
- E.g., the Eurostat SDMX as Linked Data use case suggests to have time lines on data aggregating over the gender dimension: Data Cube Vocabulary/Use Cases#Publisher Use Case: Eurostat SDMX as Linked Data
- Another possible use case could be provided by the Payment Ontology (http://data.gov.uk/resources/payments).
There should be a recommended way of declaring relations between cubes
Background information
Use Cases:
- Data Cube Vocabulary/Use Cases#Publisher Use Case: Representing relationships between statistical data
There should be criteria for well-formedness and assumptions consumers can make about published data
- Issue: http://www.w3.org/2011/gld/track/issues/29
- Use Case: all use cases but in particular
- Data Cube Vocabulary/Use Cases#Consumer Use Case: Simple chart visualisations of (integrated) published statistical data
- Data Cube Vocabulary/Use Cases#Consumer Use Case: Visualising published statistical data in Google Public Data Explorer
- Data Cube Vocabulary/Use Cases#Consumer Use Case: Analysing published statistical data with common OLAP systems
There should be mechanisms and recommendations regarding publication and consumption of large amounts of statistical data
Background information
- Related issues: regarding abbreviations (http://www.w3.org/2011/gld/track/issues/29)
Use cases:
There should be a recommended way to communicate the availability of published statistical data to external parties and to allow automatic discovery of statistical data
- Clarify the relationship between DCAT and QB.
- Thanks to Rinke Hoekstra, Dave, Bernadette, Biplav, John (Erickson), Boris for feedback and input.
- ...


text:
Marc Beacom
Marc Beacom – MCTS (BI, Dev), Principal Architect and Owner at DawaBI, has over 15 years of technical and business experience. DawaBI focuses on Making Data-Driven Decisions Possible by delivering user friendly and scalable data warehouse and business intelligence solutions. Marc is an active volunteer within the community and currently is co-organizer of the Colorado GiveCamp, served a year as a PASS Regional Mentor and served five years on the leadership board for the Denver and Colorado Springs SQL Server User Groups.
Archives: September 2011
ColoradoSQL in September
All ColoradoSQL user group meetings start at 5:30 p.m. and provide food and refreshments. There is no cost to attend so bring a co-worker…or two. These events provide for great learning opportunities as well as networking with other local SQL Server professionals.
Third Tuesday (September 20)
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Posted in Marc Beacom on 14 September 2011


text:
Topaz includes not only a "shaded" font, but a pair of separate layers for the background and inline, making it possible to create complex color typography easily.
In addition to its "shaded" font, Topaz comes as two separate layers — Background and Inline — which can be superimposed to create complex typographic effects. All three fonts are designed to be used in register, allowing print designers to more closely control overprints (and choke and spread), and giving web designers the added flexibility of working with each font in its own Photoshop layer.
Varying the color of the background and foreground can dramatically alter the mood of the type. Certain tonal combinations can even extend the usefulness of these display types into unusually small sizes.


text:
Fossilized remains of a new species of dinosaur were discovered in the Utah desert. The ceratopsid was named Nasutoceratops, which translates to "big-nosed horned face." It leaved nearly 76 million years ago.
For more on this finding, and to see Dr. Scott next to a reconstruction of Nasutoceratops, visit NBCNews.com.


text:
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Fashion crimes to avoid:
The Hangover Suit
Topping the list of turn offs for women is a man who shows up wearing a suit that looks as if it was used as pajamas the night before. Having a clean and crisp appearance is vital if you wish to appear the least bit presentable. It doesn't take much to go over your clothes with an iron the night before, or at the least, invest in getting your suits cleaned once a week at your neighborhood cleaners.
A man is considered a great dresser when he takes time selecting what he wears. By properly coordinating your outfits and evaluating your appearance before you leave out the door, you can ensure that you are not counted in the pack of fashion faux pas committers.


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Smart Love Preschool Hosts Toddler Music & Movement Play Time
Friday, March 29th 12:15 pm - 1:15 pm
Join Smart Love Preschool as they offer a music & movement play time in their toddler classroom! Families are encouraged to explore all that Smart Love's toddler classroom has to offer and to enjoy time with their child and others.This play date is geared for children between the ages of 12 and 36 months and is an unstructured and casual event, so share the fun and bring your neighbors and friends!
Space is limited – please RSVP to firstname.lastname@example.com
Ample street parking and limited parking in lot behind school, enter via alley off of Belden or Sawyer.
Free Photos With The Easter Bunny
Sunday, March 31st 10:00 am - 2:00 pm
Join the Kambs Jennings Group-Compass Mortgage for a Complimentary Photo with the Easter Bunny
Logan Square Preservation March Happy Hour Meet-UP at The Mozart
Sunday March 31st 4:00 pm – 6:00 pm
Everyone is welcome! (members and non-members). Come meet your neighbors and catch up on all the Logan Square Buzz. We have the inside scoop on who's moving in/out of Logan, zoning changes, developments, new businesses, and more.
The Mozart will be serving a specialty Terminal Cocktail and pouring draft beer flights served in historic throw-back Terminal Restaurant Glasses. There will also be discounted appetizers to snack on.
We hope you can make it!
Smart Love Preschool Open House
Saturday, April 6th 10:00 am - 12:00 pm
Come and tour our beautiful new building in Logan Square, meet staff, and learn more about Smart Love!
Smart Love Preschool provides a play-based curriculum for children 6 weeks to 6 years founded on the Smart Love philosophy of child development. We offer baby classes, "Let's. Play. School." for toddlers, Playschool for 2s & 3s, Preschool, and Kindergarten.
Space is limited – please RSVP to firstname.lastname@example.com
Ample street parking and limited parking in lot behind school, enter via alley off of Belden or Sawyer.
Volunteers With Computer Skills Needed
Want to help others in our community? Do you have computer and typing skills? Northside Latin Progress Charity is seeking a volunteer to assist near Kedzie and Cortland, choose your own hours afternoons or weekends 1 – 2 days per week. Please contact Ms. Moore, 312-343-0804 for more details and how to send a resume.
Logan Square Pilates and Core February Perks
Logan Square Pilates
Taking class at Logan Square Pilates and Core comes with perks at favorite neighborhood spots. Their #lsqplocalperk is extra sweet this month! The first 15 pairs to book a duet at LSQP in February will take home a $15 gift card to art jewelry shop in the hood (and world!), Adornment + Theory. Consider this a little kickstart to help you treat your Valentine or Galentine - or to show yourself a little extra self-love this month! One card per pair. Forward your duet appointment confirmation to LSPQ, give them a call, or stop by the front desk to claim your card.
Help Logan Square Preservation Restore Historic Church Windows
Logan Square Preservation is raising funds to beautify and support a historic church in our neighborhood.
Designed by landmark architect Leon Stanhope and built in 1916 as the home of the Eleventh Church of Christ Scientist, the building at 2840 W. Logan Bl. today houses the congregation of the Central Hispanic Seventh Day Adventist Church.
The church has worked with Logan Square Preservation to remediate many items on Logan and Mozart including tagging of its historic facade. In the spring of 2019, LSP will be recovering the time capsule dating from the construction of the original church.
For more information and a link to donate click here
7th Annual Logan Square Chef's Dinner to Benefit Comfort Station
Monday, March 4th 6:00 - 9:00 pm
Jason Hammel of Lula Cafe will host the 7th Annual Logan Square Chef's Dinner to benefit Comfort Station.
Act fast – this reliably delicious Logan event always sells out!
Since 2010, Comfort Station has held monthly art exhibitions, weekly films and concerts, potlucks, workshops, and lectures, each year further establishing itself as a micro-cultural center in the heart of Logan Square. Much of Comfort Station's operating and programming expenses are covered through donations and sponsorships from local patrons and businesses, with the annual Chef Dinner being the largest single source of funding that the organization receives each year. This dinner is a truly unique opportunity to encounter all of these chefs in the same place, in a refined-yet-decadent setting celebrating great food and local culture. As Comfort Station's programming has grown in the past 7 years, Logan Square has become a culinary destination in Chicago, and the annual Logan Square Chef's Dinner reflects the broad array of talent that is located blocks from one another.
City Lit Books Logan Square's Independent Bookseller
City Lit Books
Book Clubs, special events, recommendations and most of all books!
Check out their calendar
$100 Membership Gets You A Beer A Day For A Year At The Radler
The Radler
"You really only need to do it once or twice a month to really get the value on it throughout the course of the year," owner Adam Herbert said.
Look Up at the 606 and See What You Have Been Missing
Every day is a great day on The 606, but we hope you'll join us this season for a few special activities—some on the trail, some off, some large, some small—but all designed to connect you to the trail, the parks, and your neighbors.
To see access points and maps click here
To lean about the almost daily events taking place on or near the trail click here
Comfort Station's Year-Round Art, Music and Film Presentations
Comfort Station
A multi-disciplinary art space in the heart of Logan Square hosting weekly music and movie nights, as well as other events.
Check out what's happening HERE
Rosa's Blues Lounge
We are presently celebrating our 34th Anniversary, and we invite you to share in the festivities.
To see the calendar of shows click here
Champagne Dim Sum Brunch at Friendship Chinese Restaurant
Saturdays and Sundays, 10:00 am - 4:00 pm
Some gourmands believe that dim sum inspired the whole idea of "brunch" - the combining of breakfast and lunch into one perfect, mid-morning meal. Now you can enjoy dim sum in Logan Square all weekend. Friendship Restaurant is serving up a Champagne Dim Sum brunch every Saturday and Sunday from 10:00 am - 4:00 pm.
Paint & Sip at Pinot's Palette
Discover a new way to unwind with your friends. Reconnect over your favorite beverages while a local artist guides you through painting your own masterpiece.
For more information and to see the calendar click here
City Lit Books "Story Time"
City Lit Books
Join us every Saturday from 10:30 am to 11:30 am (you're welcome to pop in late!). We'll have sing-alongs and read-alongs!
Alderman Moreno's Annual Toy Giveaway at 90 Miles
Upcoming Event
Wednesday, December 19th, 2018 from 4:00 pm to 5:00 pm
Wednesday, December 19th 4:00 pm – 5:00 pm
It is the time of year that Alderman Proco Joe Moreno begins to collect unwrapped toys to distribute to the children in the 1st Ward. This year we have community organzations that are stepping up in our efforts. Thanks to West Buck Town Neighborhood Association, The Joinery, La Casa Norte, Chicago police Department, CLEOS and The Logan Square Chamber of Commerce and other Community leaders in the 1st Ward. We hope to collect toys to give to the children in the 1st Ward who are less fortunate. 1st Ward communities include West Town, Ukranian Village, Wicker Park, West Buck Town, Logan Square and Humboldt Park.
» calendar
Small Business Center Website
Preview the Small Business Center website, a one-stop destination for small business owners and entrepreneurs, for information on licenses, permits, and additional resources available to small businesses in Chicago. Please send your feedback to email@example.com.
Logan Square Aldermen
Joe Moreno (1st)
Upcoming events
Monthly Business Education Workshops
In the opinion of the Logan Square Chamber this is the most effective investment in time any small business or entrepreneur can make.
The Department of Business Affairs & Consumer Protection (BACP) offers workshops every Wednesday and Friday. Workshops will vary each month and are conducted by City Officials, experts and partner business organizations. All workshops are free, and open to the public. Workshops are held at BACP's offices located at 121 N. LaSalle St., City Hall Room 805, Chicago, IL 60602. Facebook facebook.com/ChicagoBACP?fref=nf
BACP is also offering a program designed to give business owners the essential elements in starting and growing a business.
* Attend nine workshops at BACP and earn a Business Start-Up Certificate.
For more information or to register for a workshop call 312-744-5344. or download calendar:
Score Workshops Webinars and Seminars
Get the know-how you need with SCORE workshops
Learn from the experts with SCORE's small business training workshops. SCORE Chicago offers over 200 workshops and seminars annually at either nominal or no cost at multiple locations throughout Chicago.
"Save the Dates" for 2019 City Festivals/Events
Chicago Park District Program Sign-up
Forest Preserve's Schedule
Your favorite Chicago festivals & events are on the horizon. Save the dates for these and more.
January 1-December 31: Year of Chicago Theatre
January 4-December 15: Juicebox
January 6-December 15: Maxwell Street Market
January 9-December 18: Dame Myra Hess Concerts
May 11: Lincoln Park Zoo Food Truck Social
July 10-14: Taste of Chicago
Visit cityofchicago.org/dcase for more information and more special events in 2018! All dates are subject to change.
click here for the Official Chicago Visitor Guide
Employment Opportunities
Dill Pickle Food Co-op has 4 positions available click here for more information and an application
"Be the Change!" Become a Chicago Police Officer
CTA has various job openings to apply please visit transitchicago.com/careers
The Census Bureau's Chicago Regional Office is currently seeking Field Representatives in Cook County to interview respondents.
Bicycling Safe Routes Ambassadors
Connecting Youth to a Successful Future with a Summer Job in Chicago onesummerchicago.org
Humboldt Park among others are seeking seasonal instructors click here for more information
EMT Training Class for Women (Tuition Free)
An EMT is an Emergency Medical Technician. These are the first responders who's duty it is to assess, stabilize and transport patients in a medical emergency. To qualify you must be:
Employment Opportunities With the Chicago Housing Authority
click here to apply
BRIGHT FUTURE: CPD & CFD Recruiting / Info Sessions
Those with sophomore students in high school considering careers of service in the Chicago Police or Fire Departments are encouraged to attend one of several recruitment and information sessions for the Class of 2017 coming up in the next few months.
AT&T is Now Hiring Sales Consultants
Bilingual Employees Needed at O'Hare
The Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago has job openings available. If you would like to see the job listings and want more information, please click here.
Scam and Fraud Alerts
Senior Citizens Alert!
From the Illinois Secretary of State
Corporate Scam Alert— A firm called Corporate Records Service is contacting Illinois businesses in an attempt to collect a $125 fee to fill out a corporation's "Annual Minutes Records Form." The Illinois Business Corporation Act does not require corporations to file a "Minutes Records Form" or pay such a fee with the state or any private entity. Please contact the Illinois Attorney General's Office Consumer Fraud Division at 800-243-0618 to file a complaint regarding this scam solicitation.
From the IRS
The Internal Revenue Service today issued an alert to payroll and human resources professionals to beware of an emerging phishing email scheme that purports to be from company executives and requests personal information on employees. The IRS has learned this scheme already has claimed several victims as payroll and human resources offices mistakenly email payroll data including Forms W-2 that contain Social Security numbers and other personally identifiable information to cybercriminals posing as company executives. If your CEO appears to be emailing you for a list of company employees, check it out before you respond. Everyone has a responsibility to remain diligent about confirming the identity of people requesting personal information about employees.
Read more from the IRS here
From the BACP
Know Before You Hire a Tax Preparer
Every tax season unsuspecting Chicagoans fall victim to tax preparation firms that use hidden charges and recommend unnecessary and expensive tax refund products like Refund Anticipation Loans (RALS) or Refund Anticipation Checks (RACS) to make a profit at the expense of citizens' deserved tax refunds. For more information click here
Always Be Alert
The Department of Business Affairs and Consumer Protection protects consumers from deception and fraud in the marketplace. We accept and investigate complaints submitted online or via 311. BACP promotes consumer awareness to help consumers protect themselves.
MasterCard Phone Scam Hits Northern Illinois
Many consumers in Northern Illinois are reporting that they are receiving automated messages stating that their MasterCard has been compromised. The consumer is instructed to call and verify their information in order to get a new card. The Better Business Bureau warns that if an automated system calls asking for credit card information it is probably a scam. The Better Business Bureau (BBB) is offering tips on what consumers need to know to protect themselves. If you should receive one of these calls you should: Not return a call from a pre-recorded message. If speaking to a live "operator" ask for his/or her name, department and extension. Then hang up call the number on the back of your card and ask for that person. Never provide personal or financial information to someone you do not know. Feel free to just hang-up. Using the number on the back of your card or on your statement call the credit card company that issued your card if you have security questions or concerns.
FRAUD ALERT: Warning for Property Owners in Cook County
The Cook County Recorder of Deeds encourages all property owners to sign up for notification every time paperwork is filed regarding their property.
ComED Phone Payment Scams
ComEd warns of individuals calling ComEd customers and falsely claiming their service will be disconnected unless payment is made. ComED will never call you to ask you for cash or request that you purchase a prepaid credit card to make a payment on your bill. If you have concerns about the status of your account, please call ComEd Customer Service at 800-334-7661. Visit comed.com/scamalert to learn more.
IRS Warns About Continuing Scam Phone Calls
The IRS is continuing to warning to taxpayers not to be fooled by impostors posing as tax agency representatives. These callers may demand money or may say you have a refund due and try to trick you into sharing private information. These con artists can sound convincing when they call. They may know a lot about you, and they usually alter the caller ID to make it look like the IRS is calling. They use fake names and bogus IRS identification badge numbers. If you don't answer, they often leave an "urgent" callback request. If you get a phone call from someone claiming to be from the IRS and asking for money, here's what you should do: If you know you owe taxes or think you might owe, call the IRS at 800-829-1040. The IRS workers can help you with a payment issue. If you know you don't owe taxes or have no reason to believe that you do, report the incident to the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration (TIGTA) at 800-366-4484 or at www.tigta.gov. If you've been targeted by this scam, also contact the Federal Trade Commission and use their "FTC Complaint Assistant" at ftc.gov. Please add "IRS Telephone Scam" to the comments of your complaint. Remember, too, the IRS does not use email, text messages or any social media to discuss your personal tax issue. For more information on reporting tax scams, go to www.irs.gov.
BACP Campaigns to Help Consumers Understand Credit Reports and Avoid Becoming Victims of Fraud
To help consumers stay safe, BACP has launched a campaign to ensure consumers know their rights when it comes to credit and avoid becoming victims of fraud. "The City of Chicago protects consumers from fraud by resolving complaints and taking action against fraudulent businesses," said Commissioner Maria Guerra Lapacek of Business Affairs and Consumer Protection. "We also take a proactive approach by promoting consumer awareness through educational campaigns to help people protect themselves."
The campaign is made up of Know Your Credit Report and Know How to Fix Your Credit Report.
Commercial Real Estate Locator
Commercial Real Estate available for lease or for sale in Logan Square.
Please try visiting the City of Chicago's new Site Selector online program:
You may also try these links to search for available properties:


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Donkey Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) (ab150073)
- Datasheet
- References (63)
- Protocols
Product nameDonkey Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488)
See all IgG secondary antibodies
DescriptionDonkey polyclonal Secondary Antibody to Rabbit IgG - H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488)
Host speciesDonkey
Target speciesRabbit
SpecificityThis antibody is specific to Rabbit IgG
Tested applicationsSuitable for: ICC/IF, Flow Cyt, IHC-P, ELISA, IHC-Frmore details
The details of the immunogen for this antibody are not available.
ConjugationAlexa Fluor® 488. Ex: 495nm, Em: 519nm
Storage instructionsShipped at 4°C. Store at +4°C short term (1-2 weeks). Upon delivery aliquot. Store at -20°C. Avoid freeze / thaw cycle. Store In the Dark.
Storage bufferPreservative: 0.02% Sodium azide
Constituents: 30% Glycerol, 1% BSA, PBS
Concentration information loading...
PurityImmunogen affinity purified
Purification notesThis antibody was isolated by affinity chromatography using antigen coupled to agarose beads.
General notes
Alexa Fluor® is a registered trademark of Molecular Probes, Inc, a Thermo Fisher Scientific Company. The Alexa Fluor® dye included in this product is provided under an intellectual property license from Life Technologies Corporation. As this product contains the Alexa Fluor® dye, the purchase of this product conveys to the buyer the non-transferable right to use the purchased product and components of the product only in research conducted by the buyer (whether the buyer is an academic or for-profit entity). As this product contains the Alexa Fluor® dye the sale of this product is expressly conditioned on the buyer not using the product or its components, or any materials made using the product or its components, in any activity to generate revenue, which may include, but is not limited to use of the product or its components: in manufacturing; (ii) to provide a service, information, or data in return for payment (iii) for therapeutic, diagnostic or prophylactic purposes; or (iv) for resale, regardless of whether they are sold for use in research. For information on purchasing a license to this product for purposes other than research, contact Life Technologies Corporation, 5781 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA or email@example.com.
Research areas
Associated products
Related Products
Our Abpromise guarantee covers the use of ab150073 in the following tested applications.
The application notes include recommended starting dilutions; optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
|1/200 - 1/1000.
|Flow Cyt
|1/2000 - 1/4000.
|Use at an assay dependent concentration.
|Use at an assay dependent concentration.
|Use at an assay dependent concentration.
ICC/IF image of ab6046 stained HeLa cells. The cells were 4% formaldehyde fixed (10 min), permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 for 5 minutes and then incubated in 1% BSA / 10% normal donkey serum / 0.3M glycine in 0.1% PBS-Tween for 1h to block non-specific protein-protein interactions. The cells were then incubated with the antibody (ab6046, 1µg/ml) overnight at +4°C. The secondary antibody (green) was ab150073 Alexa Fluor® 488 donkey anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) used at 1µg/ml for 1h. DAPI was used to stain the cell nuclei (blue) at a concentration of 1.43µM.
The negative control (inset) is a secondary-only assay to demonstrate low non-specific binding of the secondary antibody.
This product also gave a positive signal under the same testing conditions in HeLa cells fixed with 4% formaldehyde (10min).
ab104603 staining DYNLL1 in mouse cervical spinal cord tissue sections by Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P - paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections). Tissue was fixed with paraformaldehyde, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100, and blocked with 10% serum for 1 hour at 21°C. Samples were incubated with primary antibody (2 µg/ml in PBS/10% serum/0.1% Triton X-100) for 16 hours at 4°C. An Alexa Fluor® 488-conjugated Donkey anti-rabbit IgG H&L (ab150073) (1/500) was used as the secondary antibody.
Overlay histogram showing Jurkat cells stained with ab16669 (red line). The cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (10 min) and then permeabilized with 0.1% PBS-Tween for 20 min. The cells were then incubated in 1x PBS / 10% normal donkey serum / 0.3M glycine to block non-specific protein-protein interactions followed by the antibody (ab16669, 1/1000 dilution) for 30 min at 22°C. The secondary antibody Donkey anti-rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) (ab150073) was used at 1/4000 dilution for 30 min at 22°C. Isotype control antibody (black line) was rabbit IgG (monclonal) (0.1μg/1x106 cells) used under the same conditions. Unlabelled sample (blue line) was also used as a control. Acquisition of >5,000 events were collected using a 20mW Argon ion laser (488nm) and 525/30 bandpass filter.
This product has been referenced in:
- Larasati YA et al. Curcumin targets multiple enzymes involved in the ROS metabolic pathway to suppress tumor cell growth. Sci Rep 8:2039 (2018). Read more (PubMed: 29391517) »
- Li C et al. Nfatc1 Is a Functional Transcriptional Factor Mediating Nell-1-Induced Runx3 Upregulation in Chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 19:N/A (2018). Read more (PubMed: 29316655) »


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May 20, 2008
DELAND, Fla. _ Lipscomb baseball coach Jeff Forehand is hoping that the second time around is more satisfying than the Bisons first trip to the Atlantic Sun Conference Tournament.
Wednesday morning at 10 CST the Bisons, the No. 1 in the tournament, face Campbell, the No. 6 seed, at Melching Field at Conrad Park. The tournament, celebrating its 30th anniversary, is being hosted by Stetson University. The double elimination tournament continues through Saturday.
Last season the Bisons lost 4-3 to top-seeded Stetson and then fell 4-1 to No.5 seed Gardner-Webb.
The Bisons traveled here by bus Monday. Tuesday they are scheduled for a practice session.
"I talked to the guys about this the other day," Forehand said. "Last year one of our main goals of the season was to be able to have an opportunity to play in the postseason. We were able to clinch a spot the last weekend. That was such a grind the last month of the season. It was so emotional. It took a toll on us as we prepared for the tournament."
This time around the Bisons were confident they would be one of the top six teams. But they didn't earn the No.1 seed until last weekend.
"This year it was again a goal to get into the conference tournament, but it wasn't what we focused on," Forehand said. "We had some other goals in mind. We will go into the tournament this time not as emotionally drained as we did last year."
The Bisons have matched last season's victory total with 28, posting a 28-27 record during the regular season. They finished 19-14 in the Atlantic Sun Conference, the highest number of victories for the Bisons in league play.
Forehand discounts the role of being the No. 1 seed.
"I'm proud of our guys having a good regular season, but in our league all of the teams are just about the same from top to bottom," Forehand said. "Whether we have the No. 1 beside our name, or like last year when we were No.6, everybody goes into the tournament for the same reason and that is to win it. There isn't much significance in being either No. 1 or No. 6."
The Bisons will be meeting Campbell for the second time in a week. The Bisons lost 11-8 and 10-5 before pulling out a 6-1 win in the last game of the series at Buies Creek, N.C. behind a six-hit, complete game performance by Josh Smith.
Campbell finished the regular season with a 20-35 record overall, 13-20 in the A-Sun. "Campbell was like us last season," Forehand said. "They were fighting to get into the tournament when they played us. They produced. They got done what they had to get done to get in the tournament.
"I told their coach I thought they played really, really well, I was a little disappointed in how we played. They had more emotion going on. I hope it will be a different emotion and a different mindset for us when we play them this time. We have a great deal of respect for Campbell. Hopefully, that will show on Wednesday."
The Bisons are expected to send sophomore left-hander Rex Brothers, the A-Sun strikeout leader with 87, to the mound to face Campbell. Junior right-hander Brandon McClurg, a two-time A-Sun Pitcher of the Week this season, and senior left-hander Mike Dunn round out the starting rotation for the tournament.
Junior right-hander Kyle Tognazzini and senior right-hander Chris Burnett will be counted in relief.
The Bisons also have five players batting more than .300 for the season. Caleb Joseph leads the team with a .345 average followed by Allen Bolden (.324), Shane Simpkins (.312), Blake Bratcher (.305) and Jorge Gutierrez (.305).
"Pitching is always the equalizer in our game," Forehand said. "Good pitching always seems to slow down good hitting.
"If we can pitch at a level a little higher than we have pitched at all season long and if we can continue to score some runs that is the best combination I can hope for. Hopefully, we will get a good pitching performance out of Rex on Wednesday and put some runs up for him to get the tournament started the right way."
All games in the tournament will be available for viewing on A-Sun TV. Lipscomb fans can sign up for the service by going to lipscombsports.com and clicking on the icon.


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History: Hugh McCulloch, the First Comptroller
History | Hugh McCulloch | Abraham Lincoln | Notable Comptrollers | Bank Examiners | National Bank Vignettes
Hugh McCulloch, Comptroller of the Currency, 1863-1865.
The first Comptroller of the Currency was Hugh McCulloch, formerly the president of the Bank of Indiana. McCulloch came to Washington to lobby against the National Currency Act, which was viewed as a threat to state banks like his own. McCulloch was not the first choice of President Lincoln and Treasury Secretary Salmon P. Chase. But it was an inspired choice, for with McCulloch on board, the administration removed a political obstacle to the achievement of its legislative goals and gained McCulloch's formidable banking and administrative skills—skills that were essential in creating a new system from scratch.
During McCulloch's 22 months in office, 868 national banks were chartered and no failures occurred. The first Comptroller recommended major changes in the banking law. The resulting National Banking Act of 1864 remains the foundation of the national banking system.
After heading the OCC for less than two years, McCulloch resigned to serve two terms as Secretary of the Treasury—first under Lincoln and then under President Arthur.
More about Hugh McCulloch