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Magnesium the BANTAMWEIGHT METAL (Aug, 1946)
Magnesium the BANTAMWEIGHT METAL
How Chemists Have Put It to Work as a Jack-of-All-Trades.
By KENNETH M. SWEZEY
DURING the war magnesium was extensively used as a lightweight structural metal for aircraft parts and as pyrotechnic material for star shells, signal flares, tracer bullets, and flash and incendiary bombs. Strong, silvery white, and only two thirds as heavy as aluminum, it is the lightest of all construction metals. In the form of powder, thin sheets, or wire, it burns with a dazzling flame that water or even carbon dioxide will not put out. Never found alone in nature, magnesium is made on a tremendous scale by the electrolysis of its compounds. These compounds are among the most plentiful substances in the crust of the earth. Whole mountain ranges consist of dolomite, a double carbonate of magnesium and calcium. Asbestos, talc, and meerschaum are magnesium silicates. Epsom salts, named after the springs at Epsom, England, where they were first isolated in 1695, are magnesium sulphate. In the form of its chloride, there are nearly 6,000,000 tons of magnesium in every cubic mile of-the sea, a vast storehouse of supply.
Less spectacular, perhaps, than the metal, the compounds of magnesium are just as important. Asbestos and magnesium oxide are among our most valuable insulators against heat. Magnesium oxychloride forms a superior artificial stone and flooring material. Magnesium carbonate is used for insulation and for making dentifrices, talcum powder, other magnesium chemicals, and Pyrex glass. Epsom, salts, citrate of magnesia, and milk of magnesia are three of the many magnesium compounds that are employed in medicine.
With only a box of Epsom salts as a starting material, you can make many of these compounds in your home laboratory. With a few inches of magnesium ribbon, you can likewise test some of the exciting properties of the metal itself.
One property that helps make the metal such an important incendiary material for wartime use is its ability to steal oxygen from such ordinarily stable compounds as water and carbon dioxide. During the war, magnesium fires generally were extinguished by smothering with sand. Water helped only when applied in quantities sufficient to cool the metal below the point of combustion. This was rarely possible.
As a demonstration of magnesium as an oxygen grabber, boil some water in a flask, and then with tongs lower a short length of lighted magnesium ribbon into the steam.
(Put away the rest of the ribbon before lighting the piece, and always handle with caution.) Instead of going out, the magnesium continues to burn brightly, getting oxygen by decomposing the steam.
Carbon dioxide, usually one of the best fire-extinguishing materials, is as helpless as steam against burning magnesium. Fill a beaker with this gas by pouring 1/2″ of water into it and adding a little baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and vinegar or other common acid. As soon as the bubbling has stopped, test for carbon dioxide by lowering a lighted match into the beaker. The match will go out at once. Now lower a piece of burning magnesium into the glass and see the difference. The metal continues to burn furiously. In the process, it changes into magnesium oxide, and black specks of carbon, wrested from the carbon dioxide gas, are flung to the sides and bottom of the beaker.
Even nitrogen, which ordinarily is one of the most inert gases, will unite with hot magnesium when conditions are right, forming magnesium nitride. To show this, put a few short pieces of magnesium ribbon on the center of an upturned can cover and heat the cover over a gas flame until the metal catches fire. Then remove the cover from the flame and allow it to cool until you can touch it with your hand. Now put several drops of water on the warm substance that remains and hold a bit of cotton wool moistened with hydrochloric acid above it. White smoke of ammonium chloride immediately rises. On burning, the magnesium united with oxygen and nitrogen from the air, forming the oxide and nitride. When water was added, the nitride decomposed into ammonia gas and magnesium hydroxide.
Most magnesium compounds can be produced from the carbonate or the hydroxide. The carbonate occurs naturally as magnesite and, mixed with calcium carbonate, in certain forms of marble and limestone. It can be made artificially by mixing hot solutions of magnesium sulphate (Epsom salts) and sodium carbonate (washing soda). Since the carbonate is not soluble in water, it is precipitated as a fine white powder. When dried, it can be used as a polishing agent and for heat insulation.
Magnesium hydroxide also is made by precipitation. Again you can start with your Epsom salts, this time adding a solution of sodium hydroxide (ordinary lye). When dissolved, both of these solids produce clear solutions. Mixed together, they form a white precipitate. A suspension of this, in pure form, is the drug-store "milk of magnesia." By strongly heating either your hydroxide or carbonate, you produce magnesium oxide (magnesia), used widely for heat insulating, for the lining of high-temperature furnaces, and for making oxychloride cement, widely used for flooring and imitative stone.
By dissolving either the carbonate or hydroxide in hydrochloric acid you get magnesium chloride, the compound found in sea water from which magnesium metal is made in vast quantities. To obtain crystals of this chemical, evaporate the solution over a water bath until nearly dry. Then complete the drying in a warm dry place in the open air.
If the heating is continued too long, the crystals will lose some of their water content and partly decompose, giving up hydrochloric acid.
This decomposition of magnesium chloride by heat provides one method for the manufacture of hydrochloric acid. As a demonstration, put some crystals of magnesium chloride in a test tube and fit the tube with a stopper having a glass delivery tube long enough to reach the bottom of a second test tube, which is half filled with water. Now gently heat the crystals. They will first melt, and then vapors will go through the delivery tube and bubble up through the water. Part will be water vapor and part hydrogen chloride. The latter will dissolve in the water, changing it into hydrochloric acid.


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|Five Beauties from SBJ-01~05 DKP-01
|DVD 90 Min
|This is a compilation of coerced fellatio and facial cum scenes. In this film, office girls are tied up and forced to blow cocks and take mouth and facial cums in their workplace. The cute girls beg the perverts to stop the humiliating act. Featuring five office ladies from SBJ Vol. 01 to 05.

subset: commoncrawl


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Anna Sheffield
Diamond Solitaire + Two Diamond Tiara Bandsshf-b7rcx2
This stunning trio of Anna Sheffield diamond rings is the perfect way to symbolize an engagement and marriage. The champagne diamond solitaire (can be purchased separately here) is nestled against her Tiny Tiara Band and her Tiara Curve Band - both also sold separately. Exuding a feminine, timeless elegance, this ring set is perfectly composed and includes everything you need to transform your dream into a reality.
current size : 6.5
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Hazeline Diamond Solitaire : $3500 : sold separately here
Tiny Tiara Band : $925 : sold separately here
Tiara Curve Band : $1750 : sold separately here
* price includes ALL THREE RINGS *
current size : 6.5
please contact us for sizing options
New York City - The ceremonial ring collection of Anna Sheffield offers a modern, timeless alternative to the traditional world of wedding jewelry. Based in New York, but hailing from Northern New Mexico, her designs originate from a personal and thoughtful place inspired by her Fine Art background. Jewelry for her is simultaneously talismanic and precious in a way that imbues objects with personal histories and makes them deeply meaningful. Each ring is meticulously hand-crafted with the highest quality conflict-free diamonds as well as precious, rare and antique gemstones.


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Support your favorite football team while blasting drives off the tee with the ultra-comfortable Nike NFL Logo Victory Solid Polo. Ergonomic shoulder seams, moisture wicking fabrics, and a slightly relaxed fit ensure you stay comfortable and unhindered all game long.
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Papa Murphy's, one of the largest pizza companies in the U.S., is looking to grow its Memphis presence exponentially.
The Vancouver, Wash.-based chain is looking to add as many as 25 stores in Memphis, where there are currently two existing Papa Murphy's locations. That's according to the company's chief development officer Kevin King, who said the company already has a similarly strong presence in Nashville, with 20 stores there.
The chain's "take-and-bake" concept is not what diners used to ordering takeout pizza might be familiar with. At Papa Murphy's, all the ingredients are made fresh in the store.
Cheese is shredded from block mozzarella. Fresh vegetables are sliced in the store, dough is made fresh daily, and each pizza is, naturally, a custom-made product. The twist is that customers then take that pizza home and bake it themselves.
After they take it home, the pizza should be ready to eat after baking for 12 to 14 minutes.
The company's tagline is "Handmade fresh. Home-baked great. Love at 425 degrees."
"Pizza is best enjoyed made fresh, hot right out of the oven," King said. "It was never intended to be stuck in a box for a length of time. The absolutely best way to enjoy pizza is a few minutes after it comes fresh out of the oven, so this gives you a tremendous amount of control."
Customers who order from competitors, he goes on, are dependent on what time the deliverer shows up or how long it takes to drive to the pizza shop before the pie can be enjoyed.
"This concept is really about giving the customer the control, so they can have great, fresh pizza in their own home when they want it," King said. "And it's simple and easy to do. All you need is an oven that heats up to 425 degrees."
Papa Murphy's started its "take-and-bake" concept in 1981. Since then, the company has advertised itself as the largest chain pushing that concept in the world, and it's the fifth-largest pizza company in the U.S., with more than 1,350 stores in 38 states.
But for the aspect of taking the pizza home to bake, the menu will look to customers like any other pizza menu. There are thin crust offerings, customizable pizza choices, stuffed pizzas, salads, desserts and more.
And the company is clearly doing something right. In the fall, Zagat ranked Papa Murphy's the top pizza chain in the country in Zagat's Fast-Food Survey – the third consecutive year Papa Murphy's picked up that honor. Among large fast food chains with up to 5,000 U.S. locations, Papa Murphy's was second in the Top Service and Top Food categories.
Papa Murphy's also recently announced an expansion into the Middle East.
King said there are several qualities that make operating a Papa Murphy's franchise attractive to franchisees, such as quality of life. It's primarily a dinner business, so it's not open for most of the day. The demand also is different from a traditional pizza restaurant, since Papa Murphy's is all carryout and has no oven.
"The investment required also is low," King said. "This is definitely a different slant on the pizza business. This is something that's totally different."
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Those of you who know me are probably aware of my favorite color. Yes, it's lime green. Specifically, what I like to call a "dirty chartreuse". I've seen a lot of gorgeous greens lately like this sea anemone ring from Psychotic Reactions. She isn't sharing her name anywhere. I've noticed that a lot of artists don't disclose that information online. Can anyone tell me what that's about? I'm perfectly fine with being called Kim CavendEr. After all, it's my name. Although the majority of people in the world would prefer I change it to Kim CavendAr. You can read more about that here if you'd like. And just a note, that really is me (Kim CavendEr) in the photo. Apparently my sarcasm was lost on a few people who told me they were amazed Kim CavendAr looked so much like me.
But, I digress in a major way. Psycho (please don't take offense, it was too good to pass up) has some absolutely gorgeous things listed on Etsy. The colors are marvelous and the designs are stunning. Well worth a visit!
Lisa Pakosh, the talented artist who created these yummy earrings and has to endure living in a tropical paradise like the Bahamas, has recently opened an Etsy shop with her equally talented mother Vickie Turner and her sister Sandra Mitchell called Three Cheeky Wenches. Besides being so artistically inclined, these three are crazy funny! Their shop is both beautiful and entertaining - the perfect combination.
Have a dirty chartreuse kind of day!


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Peace Activities
List View Grid View
per page
13 items
Inspiration Stones - 4 Stones & Drawstring PouchEngraved in English and also with the Chinese characters for Peace, Love, Good Fortune, and Double Happiness these polished stones make a lovely addition to a peace table. Drawstring pouch has Chinese character for Love. 4¼" x 5¼". Learn More
Drawstring PouchIdeal for an open-and-close activity or for holding small treasures this lined Drawstring Pouch is embroidered with the Chinese character for Love. 4¼" x 5¼". Learn More
Peacemaker Messages - From Montessori Images"Peacemakers share with others." " Six cards with a simple pledge from the United Nations 2000 Manifesto for Peace and an illustration showing one example of an everyday peaceful action. Learn More
Honoring the Light of the Child - Book & CD - Activities to Nurture Peaceful Living Skills in Young Children From Shining Mountains PressOffer these 22 concrete activities to children and you will laugh and play together, while creating a nurturing classroom environment where children can successfully develop cooperation, self-confidence, and conflict-resolution skills. Paperback, 121 pages with 14 selection CD. Learn More
Japanese Sand Garden & Replacement Sand - Zen meditation sand gardenIn Japan, Zen Buddhists rake sand in stone gardens as a meditative act. Raking this tabletop version can be just as peaceful for young children. A simple yet powerful calming activity. Includes: wooden tray, sand, rakes, rocks, and a booklet of meditations. Learn More
Cretan LabyrinthThe ancient seven-circuit Cretan or Classical design has been found in most cultures and was once used on Cretan coins. Labyrinths are often described as paths of wisdom and peace. Learn More
Chartres LabyrinthThe 11-circuit Chartres design is modeled after the labyrinth in the floor of Chartres Cathedral in France. Labyrinths are often described as paths of wisdom and peace. One of the oldest of symbols, the labyrinth dates back more than 4000 years. Learn More
Small Pewter Labyrinth - A Cretan finger labyrinthTracing the labyrinth path is an ancient meditation form often described as a path to wisdom and peace. Young children can run a fingertip along the grooved path of this appealing pewter-plated version. 4" dia. Includes drawstring bag, color may vary. Learn More
Primary Sacred Places of the World Cards - Photo/Label Cards from Laughing Star MontessoriVisit ancient sites and gain understanding of past civilizations and their cherished monuments. Includes 24 sacred places cards and 7 continent cards. Each card shows photo, place name, and continent symbol. 4" x 2½". Ages 3 - 6. Learn More
Elementary Sacred Places of the World Cards - Photo/Sentence Cards from Laughing Star MontessoriVisit ancient sites and gain understanding of past civilizations and their cherished monuments. Includes 7 continent cards and 24 sacred places cards. Each card shows photo, short sentence, and continent symbol. 4" x 2½". Ages 6+. Learn More
Peace Dove TokenA sweet way to recognize a special act of peacemaking, especially when it becomes something that is passed on among children or colleagues again and again. Tiny (1" x 1¼"); handcrafted pewter. Learn More
Peace Dove Token Set - 5 pieces ~ Save when you order this bulk setThese lovely pewter dove tokens can be used to honor the peacemakers in your life. Save when you order this bulk set. Tiny (1" x 1¼"); handcrafted of pewter. Ages 3+. Learn More
Little Box of Peace - Word magnets from Magnetic PoetryA tiny tin of 72 poetry word magnets with words like harmony, voice, and serenity.2½" x 2" tin; ⅜" tiles of varying lengths. Ages 5+. Learn More
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13 items


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Difference between revisions of "Interactive Panoramic Viewer"
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3. Implementation
3. Implementation
4. Testing period
4. Testing period
== Schedule ==
== Schedule ==
Revision as of 06:49, 23 March 2007
FreePV is part of the PanoTools Software Universe and is an effort to make a universal viewer for the different VR file formats. Thus these projects intend to add new features like basic support to new files and features like hotspots that are essential for the user interactive experience.
The first part of the project will consist in extending the libfreepv component, so it has a more flexible data structure to handle different file formats, for this purpose I will need to read in detail the QTVR file format and SPi-V XML file format specifications. At the moment the idea is to use cubeface since both SPi-V and QTVR support this kind of file.
In the second part of the project, The support to the SPi-V XML file format will be added, I will add an XML parser and a decoder class that will fill the data structure and will setup the viewer using the file metadata.
The last part of the project will consist in enhance the user interactive experience adding the support to hotspots, this will enable the user to visualize freepv panoramic and make a virtual tour, switching from one scenes to another by just clicking over the hotspots. This last feature should be supported for both QTVR and SPi-V file formats, I will need to check the Scene class, and design a class to handle the different scenes of a tour. Furthermore most of the hotspots in SPi-V are made with images that not necessarily are JPEG, so it will be needed to add support to files like png or gif.
QTVR hotspots [1] SPi-V Panoelement (hotspots)[2]
1. Make SPi-V file format avalaible for Linux/Unix users. 2. Add freepv support to Hotspots. 3. Add freepv support to load flat images.
1. Planification 2. Design 3. Implementation 4. Testing period
April 11: Begin a deeper familiarization with the project code, set up every thing (lib, compilers, etc…), so that I don't have problems to begin coding.
April 23: Read articles, literature, papers and specifications, solve any doubt left with the mentors and the community.
May 9: Read with more detail the files specification and finally discuss with my mentors and the project community some implementation details.
May 28: Begin coding the data structure that most be part of the libfreepv component.
Jun 4: Begin coding the file decoder class using the XML parser and planing the new image readers (PNG,GIF).
Jun 18: Begin with the Testing period.
June 29: To this date the file decoders classes must be stable, be crossplataform and they should be well documented. Begin with the image readers implementation and begin the planification of hotspots.
July 9: Students upload code to code.google.com/hosting; mentors begin mid-term evaluations. I will begin codifing hotspot.
August 13: To this date the hotspots should work, be crossplataform and well documented.
August 20: Students upload code to code.google.com/hosting; mentors begin final evaluations; students begin final program evaluations
August 31: Final evaluation deadline; Google begins issuing student and mentoring organization payments


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The problem of 'universals'- When you see a small feathered creature perched in a tree, how do you know it's a bird?
- When you see a fluffy long-eared creature vanishing down a hole, how do you know it's a rabbit?
- When you taste a cold, sweet vanilla-flavored food with a smooth texture, how do you know it's an ice-cream?
This is the philosophical problem of 'universals', of how our minds assign individual things to general categories, types or kinds.
These categories, types and kinds of things are known as 'universals', whereas the individual examples are known as 'instantiations' or 'particulars'. Thus Mungo Jerrie and Rumpelteazer are both instantiations of the universal form of cats.
|Types, kinds, categories, species
The problem of universals can be split into two questions:
(i) How and where do these universals exist (assuming they even do exist)?
(ii) If universals do exist, how does our mind interact with them, to access and recognize the correct category in which to place individually observed objects?
There are three different views on how (and if) these universals exist: Essentialism, Conceptualism and Nominalism:
1 EssentialismEssentialism (sometimes known as 'Platonism' or, rather confusingly, as 'Realism') states that universals really do exist outside the mind of the beholder. There is an ideal form of 'cat' in which Mungo Jerrie and Rumpelteazer participate. Their inherent 'cattiness', which is derived from the ideal form of cat, is essential to them being what they are.
When applied to animals and their evolution, the essentialist view is very much linked to the creationist doctrine of separate unchanging and unchangeable species.
2. ConceptualismConceptualism states that universals do exist, but only in the mind of the observer.
Thus if you cut the sides of a box down a millimeter at a time, at some arbitrary time it will cease to appear as a box and suddenly become a tray.
Similarly, Milinda's chariot came into and went out of existence depending on Milinda's arbitrary recognition of its stage of assembly and disassembly
As regards kinds, types and species of living things, conceptualism regards species not as distinct unchanging categories, but as overlapping evolving populations. They are not objectively real, independently of a human observer. This view was illustrated by Richard Dawkins' famous Granny Chain thought experiment, where ancestral humans and ancestral chimpanzees hold hands all the way back to their common ancestor.
3. NominalismNominalism states that universals only exist as names, and are completely dependent upon our use of language. Thus the Samis have 52 different words for types of snow and hence 52 different snowy universals.
An argument against nominalism is that we can have perfectly valid concepts of universals without the use of language. Some of us may be able to remember early childhood when we first learned the name of a class of object, but had a concept of its type before we knew what is was called. I can remember asking my mother 'What's that?' as she reached a pan down from the kitchen shelf, and on being told it was a pan, I knew the word 'pan' applied to all the similar utensils on the shelf.
And as the years advance, we occasionally revert to being pre-linguistic, with the 'tip of the tongue' phenomenon, where we have a very clear concept of a thingy, or what-not, or what-d'you-call-it, but just can't remember its name.
So maybe the reason the Samis have so many different words for types of snow is they need to communicate these concepts as a result of their environment and livelihood, and not because the pre-existing structure or richness of the Sami vocabulary created these different categories of snow out of mere words.
Language is the servant of concepts, not vice versa.
Buddhist ConceptualismAs usual, Buddhism takes the middle way between essentialism and nominalism. The Madhyamaka ('Middle Way') rejects essentialism but nevertheless regards universals as more than mere words, they are known as 'generic images' or 'generally characterized phenomena'. They exist in the mind, but only in the mind.
So how does our mind construct, access and recognize generic images as the correct categories in which to place individually observed objects?
There are two possible ways for the mind to assign a newly observed phenomenon to a category:
(i) Look through a mental catalog of everything that is known, and find the closest match.
(ii) Use a taxonomic or cladistic approach of following a decision tree and rejecting everything that is not relevant to identifying the unknown object. This is exemplified by the game of 'Twenty Questions', where every known object can be identified by a process of exclusion using twenty or so mental operations.
a 'logical hole' corresponding to a generic image.
"The game suggests that the information (as measured by Shannon's entropy statistic) required to identify an arbitrary object is at most 20 bits. The game is often used as an example when teaching people about information theory. Mathematically, if each question is structured to eliminate half the objects, 20 questions will allow the questioner to distinguish between 2**20 or 1,048,576 objects. Accordingly, the most effective strategy for Twenty Questions is to ask questions that will split the field of remaining possibilities roughly in half each time. The process is analogous to a binary search algorithm in computer science or successive approximation ADC in analog-to-digital signal conversion." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty_Questions
Obviously a search mechanism that can reach its target in twenty or so operations is going to be preferable to one that on average is destined to plough through half of a catalog containing everything that there is in order to find a match. (The catalog has no index, since this would be begging the question: the mind would need to already know the name of what it was looking at in order to use an index)
The evolutionary advantages are clearly with the fewest steps. In the catalog method, by the time you've recognized the long coiled thing at your feet as a snake, you're already dead.
Of course there is a trade-off. The catalog approach is more accurate than the taxonomic method, so with the fast method you may occasionally mistake a coiled rope at dusk for a snake.
Buddhist philosophers claim that this binary exclusion method is in fact how generic images work. Generic images (or generally characterized phenomena) are logical structures formed by eliminating everything that does not have the general properties of the category, rather than being a perfect description of the 'ideal form' of the category.
It is taxonomically efficient to define a class in terms of the few major criteria that exclude non-members, hence allowing one to ignore the myriad minor forms of variability with the class.
Thus a generic image is what's left after all else is excluded. It is a Boolean data structure consisting of about twenty YES/NO answers to simple questions.
The generic image is a double-negative. To quote Geshe Kelsang Gyatso in Understanding the Mind, page 24:
"When we think of or remember an object, say an elephant, there appears to our conceptual mind an object that is the the opposite of non-elephant. This appearance is the generic image of elephant. Even though there is no actual elephant in front of us, nevertheless there is a generic image of elephant appearing to our mind. Thus our conceptual mind apprehends elephant through the generic image of elephant. We can apply this to all other phenomena"
The generic image is therefore the appearance of a non-non-elephant.
Like a toddler with one of those wooden peg puzzles, it's almost as if when I produce a generic image of an elephant, I do so not by producing a stand-alone positive image of an elephant, but by producing an image which is specified to fit into an elephant-shaped mental hole.
We can also think of non-elephant and the generic image of an elephant as being logically complementary, just as the same stencil can produce a light figure on a dark background or dark figure on a light background, with the information content being exactly the same in both cases.
|Produced from the same stencil - bunny and non-bunny are informationally equivalent.
From Debate in Tibetan Buddhism by Daniel Perdue p 299 - 300
"Thought consciousnesses are not collective engagers but eliminative engagers. Thought does not comprehend its object together with all of its uncommon characteristics (the full catalog description - S.R.), but understands its object in a general way by a process of eliminating all that is not that object. The thought consciousness apprehending a table does not comprehend a table just as it is, for it comprehends a mere mental imputation which is an elimination of non-table...
"...The appearing object of a thought consciousness is necessarily a generally characterized phenomenon, a permanent phenomenon. Generally characterized phenomena are so called because their characters are realized not by way of their own entities but by way of a generality. They are realized in a general way. For instance, the thought-consciousness apprehending ice cream understands it though the elimination of non-ice cream by way of the appearance of a mental image of something which is the opposite of non ice cream. By this process ice cream is not understood together with all of its specific qualities but merely in a general way, as the elimination of non-ice cream. Thus, a conceptual consciousness can know something in only a general way rather than appreciating its object's freshness and fullness."
So our mind identifies an object by means of a mental generic image of that object, where the generic image, not the object itself, is the appearing object of our conceptual mind.
A conceptual mind knows its object 'for what it is' through the appearance of a generic image of that object, not by seeing the object directly.
However, the generic image is the negative of a negative, a kind of 'logical hole'.
|Is the universal of ice cream formed by the exclusion of non-ice cream?
And we also need to remember that we are making visual analogies of what is fundamentally a Boolean datastructure, in the form of branch points of a taxonomic tree, for example many of the identifying qualities of ice-cream are non-visual.
Madhyamaka Philosophical aspectsIn terms of the Madhyamaka's rejection of all forms of essentialism, the taxonomic method clearly demonstrates how the mind recognises objects without recourse to mapping them on to some Platonic 'ideal form' or 'inherently existing other'. In fact, the generic image is a complete opposite of a Platonic Ideal Form. For whereas the Ideal Form is inherently existent, the generic image is totally and completely empty, being derived from a 'logical hole' formed by exclusion of everything else.
Platonic forms are believed to be complete and perfect descriptions of the universals, of which individual instances are imperfect instantiations. In contrast, generic images are minimalistic specifications containing just enough information to categorize every particular instance of an object.
A positive-to-positive matching of a perceived elephant to a Platonic image of an ideal elephant would require tedious bit-by-bit matching (how many bits of information do you need to positively specify an elephant?). The method of elimination is more efficient.
Excerpt from 'Dharmakīrti' by Tom Tillemans in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
"...Let us speak about two Buddhist approaches to bridge the scheme-content gap, "top-down", or descriptive, approaches and "bottom-up", or causal, approaches. By "top-down" we shall mean an account which maintains that it is because of some specific (and perhaps ingenious) features of the fictional proxy, or concept, that it pertains to particular things. Even though it does not have the ontological baggage of a real universal, the fictional proxy determines the reference of the words because the descriptive content it provides does in some way have its counterpart in the objects. Thus on a top-down approach, the fictional stand-in for a universal like "blueness" would behave like a property, a sense or a meaning, that belongs to the conceptual scheme but would nonetheless qualify and serve to pick out the real blue particulars in the world. This can be accomplished, according to Buddhist Epistemologists, because the fictional proxies are, or can be analyzed to be, "exclusions of what is other" (anyāpoha), a type of double negation which applies to particular patches of blue in the sense that each such patch is non-non-blue.[37] As Dignāga had put it in his Sāmānyaparīkṣā ("Analysis of Universals"):
A word talks about entities only as they are qualified by the negation of other things.[38]
In fact, Dignāga applied his analysis both to things and to the words that express them: non-non-blue is the universal-qua-object (arthasāmānya) signified by the term "blue", and non-non-"blue" is the universal-qua-word (śabdasāmānya) that applies to particular articulations of the word "blue". For Dignāga, the signified-signifier (vācyavācaka) relation holds between these two quasi-universals.[39]
Why are they "quasi" and not full-fledged universals? The reasoning is not explicit in Dignāga. However, it can be plausibly reconstructed. Buddhist Epistemologists generally subscribed to the principle that mere absences of properties are of a lesser ontological status than positive things. They would stress that negative facts, like x not being blue, heavy, etc., are constituted by our mere interests (i.e., we seek a blue thing at such and such a location and come away empty-handed), and are less real than the fact that x causes perceptions of blue, a fact which is what it is objectively and independently of interests. It seems that it is this general Buddhist intuition of the unreality of absences upon which Dignāga relied. As the "exclusion of what is other" is itself only a negative property/absence of something rather than a presence, we are spared commitment to there being real universals in addition to real particulars..."
and Illustrating Formal Logic with Exclusion Diagrams
- Sean Robsville


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* Your tour guide will meet you at your pick-up location. You will be briefed about the tour & town and Ephesus on the way. One of the stops is the Temple of Artemis where you will spend 10 to 15 minutes.
* After you are dropped off at the gate of Ephesus ruins, you will start to explore the Ephesus ruins. Some of the highlights in Ephesus ruins are; Hadrian Temple, Celsus Library, Grand Theatre. For more details:
* Your driver will pick you up at the lower gate of Ephesus and you will drive to The House of Virgin Mary.
* After visiting The House of Virgin Mary, you will have a lunch break in a local Turkish restaurant with traditional Turkish food.
* You will visit the Sirince Village which constitutes a perfect synthesis of Turkish-Greek culture.
* Drive back to departure location with your guide.
* Your program can be customized depending on your timing as you wish with your guide.
PS: We would like to introduce you the local cultural aspects of Ephesus showing handmade Carpet & Rug Art Weaving Teaching-Village and Ceramic Center or Leather Company – An Opportunity Not To Be Missed!
Sites to See
- Temple of Artemis: One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
- Ancient City of Ephesus: One of the best preserved Greco-Roman Ancient city and one of the largest open air museum in the world.
- Sirince Village: An authentic pretty old Orthodox village nearby Ephesus which was initially dwelled by the local Greeks.
- House of Virgin Mary: First and only shrine in the world where Muslims and Christians pray together.
A Full Day Sirince – Ephesus tour takes approximately 5 – 6 hours. As it is your private tour, duration of the tour depends on your interest. Your time frame will be organized by your guide as you wish.
Included Services
* Professional licensed tour guide throughout the tour,
* All entrance ( The Temple of Artemis, The Ancient City of Ephesus, Terrace Houses and The Archaeological Museum of Ephesus ) and parking fees,
* Private air-conditioned non-smoking vehicle with the driver,
* Transportation from Port/Hotel/Airport and back,
* Traditional Lunch,
* Gift bag, Guide book for highlights of Turkiye.
Excluded Services
* Personal expenses, beverages served at lunch,
* Tips for guide and driver.
Tour Prices
Private Ephesus Tour prices varies depending on number of adults , number of individual attractions to be visited and pick up / departure location. Please get your "price quote" before booking.
For Children, those younger than 4 year old are free of charge, between 5 and 9 year old are charged with the half price, children beginning from 10 year/old are charged with the adult price. Therefore, please inform us about the children's ages.
Children need to have ID card or Passport for visiting Ephesus ruins.
* Tours includes uneven and cobblestone areas with inclines and steps. Comfortable walking shoes, comfortable clothing, a hat, sunscreen and insect repellents are recommended. Guests should watch their step at all times in order to avoid accidents.
* Guests must be able to walk approximately 0.5 miles over uneven and cobblestone surfaces in ruins.
* Temperatures can reach extreme highs during summer months; We recommend that you have a lot of water and use suitable sunscream while on the tour.


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Previous Defence Information Events: DI'16 to DI'18
Defence Information is an annual 2-day Event jointly organisd by Team Defence Information, the Ministry of Defence (MOD) and Cranfield University. Past events have been at locations that include RUSI, the Defence Academy, Shrivenham and, more recently, the STEAM Conferencing Centre at Swindon.
Defence Information 2019 is being planned by a joint MOD/Indsutry group. The theme is Information Enabled Modernisation - scheduled for 10th & 11th April 2018, at the STEAM Conferencing Centre at Swindon.
If you wish to provide input to the planning for DI'19 contact email@example.com. If you are interested in Exhibitor and Sponsor Packages, please visit the Cranfileld website DI'19 Event page. This page is also where you can book delegate places.
Content from previous Defence Information Events is published below. They have been grouped by year: click on DI'16, DI'17 and DI'18 (not forgetting the future DI'19!)See also section in Learning titled TD-Info Excellence
Priority Documents/Files
There are 11 priority documents/files associated with this community:
Reports on Defence_Information_18 Event Public Expand
Last Updated: 17 May 2018 18:37 Download
Read a summary of Defence Information 2018 that includes speaker sessions, workshops, Excellence Award results - plus two reviews from independent sources
Key Words
DI'18 - Defence Information Event DI: Defence Information Event Report
Views on Defence Information 2018 Event Public Expand
Last Updated: 3 May 2018 16:52 Download
This document presents two independent views on Defence Information 2018 . The first, from Simon Harries, comments on what he saw as the three major themes - Integration, Transformation and People - present throughout this two-day event that attracted over 270 from both MOD and Industry. The second piece is copied from a blog post called My favo(u)rite conference of the year from Kevin Parker, the lead of the independent judges for the 2018 Excellence Award. We also include mention of the results of the TD-Info 2018 Excellence Award, won by GBR14, and the Appendix includes a summary of DI18.
Key Words
DI'18 - Defence Information Event DI: Defence Information Event
RESULTS TD-Info 2018 Excellence Awards Public Expand
Last Updated: 1 May 2018 11:12 Download
Congratulations to all finalists in the Team Defence Information 2018 Excellence Awards. The awards are:
The 2018 WINNER was judged to be GBR14.
Highly Commended: Two awards made: Babcock; MooD international
Commended: Five awards made: BAR Associates; BAE Systems Land UK; Exostar; Lockheed Martin; and, The Boston Consulting Group (BCG)
Key Words
Awards DI'18 - Defence Information Event DI: Defence Information Event TD-Info Excellence Awards & Good Practice Market Place
Team Defence Information 2018 Excellence Awards - Kevin Parker presentation Public Expand
Last Updated: 24 Apr 2018 10:59 Download
Kevin Parker, on behalf of the independent judging panel, presented an overview of the finalists for the Defence Information 2018, leading to announcement of the winners from a very stong set of finalists. A video of this presentation is on YouTube at https://youtu.be/G9IbqDJ5JMI
Key Words
Awards DI'18 - Defence Information Event DI: Defence Information Event Event Video &/or Audio
Finalists for TD-Info 2018 Excellence Awards Public Expand
Last Updated: 12 Apr 2018 16:49 Download
The following submissions are finalists for the TD-Info 2018 Excellence Awards:
A: Additive Manufacturing - Decision Support System (AM-DSS)- The Boston Consulting Group (BCG), Babcock international
B: Additive Manufacturing Rapid Support System (AM-RS2): Concept Design of a deployable AM unit for War Theatre - The Boston Consulting Group (BCG), Babcock international, KW Special Projects, Sarabanfidesign
C: BAE Systems LandLINKTM Decision Support - BAE Systems Land UK, BAE Systems Military Air Information (DITS), Monro Consulting
D: COMPASS The Interactive Digital Gateway, delivering the Common Support Model across the Surface Ship Support Alliance - MooD International and DE&S (Warship Support)
E: Enabling Secure Collaboration for UK OFFICIAL Information - Exostar
F: Making secure access to data a facilitator of value-add processes, not a limiter - GBR14 In association with Innovate UK, BP, Sparc Systems
G: Optimising supply chain innovation through enhanced strategic value - BAR Associates Ltd
H: The JAMES Connection Agent - Lockheed Martin, Software AG, Army D Info, DE&S, Army HQ, JANUS Team
J: Through-life Transformation of how Assets Subject to Special Controls are managed throughout the support chain - MOD (WATERGUARD representatives) & Babcock as Joint Information Group (JIG) Sponsors with support from: tlmNEXUS, Raytheon, Servowatch, Sopra Steria, CAMCODE, Exostar, Leonardo, BAE, General Dynamics, QinetiQ, Lockheed Martin, Allan Webb, LEIDOS, Rolls Royce, Strategic Shipping, Rockwell Collins, SAP, Fujitsu, Team Defence Information, ADS Group, EGADDs
Key Words
Awards DI'18 - Defence Information Event DI: Defence Information Event
Defence Information 18 Flyer v1_13 Public Expand
Last Updated: 11 Apr 2018 19:00 Download
Defence Information (DI) is the major annual communications event for the Joint Information Group (JIG) that reports to the Defence Suppliers Forum. Download the Event programme.
Key Words
Event Export Controls & Waterguard Innovation & Digital Disruption JIG - Joint Information Group JIG Project: Skype for Business Pilot JIG Project: IdAM JIG Project: MOD-Industry Information Skills Collaboration JIG Project: WiFi On-base Skills & SQEP - Suitably Qualified & Experienced Person Ways of Working
Defence Information 2017 Event: Delivering in a Changing World 26 & 27 April Flyer 3-9 Public Expand
Last Updated: 2 May 2017 17:46 Download
Defence Information 2017 is the major annual communications event of Joint Information Group activities (the JIG reports to the Defence Suppliers Forum) and the Events content spans both Information and Support. Read this flyer about DI'17 whose theme is 'Delivering in a Changing World. It also has detaila about the Excellence Awards - 28 February is the closing date for entries. DI'17 is on 26 and 27 April. This document will be updated on a regular basis.
Key Words
DI'17 - Defence Information Event DI: Defence Information Event Event TD-Info Excellence Awards & Good Practice Market Place
Press Release - RESULTS of Maritime Innovation Challenge 50k Prize_280416 Public Expand
Last Updated: 28 Apr 2016 14:40 Download
PRESS RELEASE for immediate release | 27 April 2016
UKCeB is pleased to announce Warwick Analytics as the Winner of the Maritime Innovation Challenge (MIC), a competition open to Small-to-Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) with a winners prize of £50,000. In collaboration with Navy Command, Babcock were sponsors for the competition which was managed by UKCeB with support from major trade organisations ADS Group and techUK. The results were announced at the UKCeB Defence Information 16 (DI16) Conference on 21 April 2016.
The winning submission made by Warwick Analytics - https://warwickanalytics.com - was for a proposed Maritime Automated Predictive Maintenance (MAPM) solution. Dan Somers, MD of Warwick Analytics, explained that MAPM takes both the live and static data from maritime fleets to automatically predict issues, and also recommend how to obviate or resolve them with live corrective actions and/or maintenance. Key areas addressed are increasing availability, saving costs and improving safety.
Key Words
Article in Publication Availability Awards Big Data & Analytics Case Study DI'16 - Defence Information Event DI: Defence Information Event Digital Revolution Digitalisation Futures Innovation & Digital Disruption Maintenance Maritime or Navy Ways of Working
Press Release re Finalists to the Maritime Innovation Challenge_v2 Public Expand
Last Updated: 15 Apr 2016 16:05 Download
Results from the Judging Day on 13 April 2016 at Royal Navy Command HQ. There were 5 Finalists who presented at Defence Information '16 on 21 April, competing for a winner's prize of £50,000.
Key Words
Agile Big Data & Analytics Event Innovation & Digital Disruption Learning & Development Maritime or Navy Mobile Applications Mobile Apps Mobile Technology
Nine Shortlisted Companies in the Maritime Innovation Challenge_120416 Public Expand
Last Updated: 12 Apr 2016 10:56 Download
This document introduces the nine short-listed Small to Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) and their submissions to the Maritime Innovation Challenge. Each submission applies innovation to one or more of the three Categories of the Challenge: Peer-to-peer Knowledge Sharing, Data Visualisation and Knowledge Capture.
The short descriptions here are those provided by each SME as part of a more detailed submission. The SMEs are listed in the order that presentations to be made to the Maritime Innovation Challenge Judges on 13th April 2016 at Royal Navy Command Headquarters, Portsmouth.
The overall winner and Commended entrants were announced on the second day of the Defence Information 16 held at the Defence Academy, Shrivenham. The UKCeB organises this event in conjunction with Cranfield University.
Warwick Analytics was the SME that was the overall winner of the Maritime Innovation Challenge and received a prize of £50,000. All entrants have been successful in raising their profile in the defence sector.
UKCeB was delighted that the Maritime Innovation Challenge attracted a healthy number of quality entrants and provided a great showcase for SMEs and also helped them better understand the market opportunities in defence. This Challenge has given SMEs an attentive audience and it opens the potential for business opportunities, regardless of whether an SME is the prize winner. Please review these interesting innovation proposals and use the links to find out more about these companies.
Key Words
Agile Availability Awards Big Data & Analytics Case Study Cloud Collaboration & Collaboration Forum Data Fusion Data Quality Digital Revolution Digitalisation Event Futures Guide &/or FAQ document Innovation & Digital Disruption IoT - Internet of Things Maritime or Navy SME: Small to Medium Enterprise Social - Enterprise Social Training Ways of Working
The Automated Digital Revolution: Connected Car - a DI'16 Presentation & Workshop Public Expand
Last Updated: 13 Oct 2015 15:17 Download
UKCeB member Bearing Point will provide a Presentation and a workshop at Defence Information 2016. This is a flyer containing details about the content of both. BearingPoint will explain the catalysts for digital transformation in automotive through their experiences of working with Jaguar Land Rover to launch their first connected cars. As and when more documents are available, they will be appended as 'sub-documents' to this.
Key Words
Big Data & Analytics Case Study DI: Defence Information Event Digital Revolution Engineering Event Futures Human Factors & HFI Interoperability Learning Servitisation Transformation Workshop
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Mustard Seeds from the Holy Land - Black
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Hebrew scripture ring 'Ani Ledodi Vedodi Li' written on a spinning band around this beautifully designed sterling silver Hebrew wedding ring with double 14 karat Gold band.
Hand made olive wood communion cup with Jerusalem silhouette engraving.
Beautifully designed Communion (Kiddush) Cup with Grapes and Vine on a matching coaster.
Essence of Jerusalem - Perfumed with myrrh and frankincense (Song of Songs, 3:6).
Written on this T-Shirt in Hebrew with a Heart in the middle is 'Ani Ohev Israel' which means 'I Love Israel'
Bio Spa Professional Nourishing and Revitalizing Hair Mask with Olive Oil Jojoba and Honey from Sea of Spa is designed for normal and dry hair.
Hand painted by Israeli Artist Yemenite Shofar featuring 'Grafted In' Messianic Symbol and 'Jerusalem' painted in Gold.
The Holy Land Kitchen/
Israeli Herbs and Spices/
Mustard Seeds from the Holy Land - Black/
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10x15 CoEx Vacuum Pouch - Elkay30NVC1015
Weight - 31.60 lbs
Gauge - 3mil
Size/Dimension - 10 X 15
Qty - 1,000
Product Details
Co-Extruded Vacuum Pouches are made from a cost-effective film that meets FDA and USDA requirements for use with food products. The three-mil thick, seven-layer mixture of polyethylene and nylon resins provides excellent performance, and its ability to stretch allows the material to conform to unique product shapes. Co-Extruded Vacuum pouches have high impact resistance and a low oxygen transfer rate that makes the material popular with food processors packaging meat, fish, nuts, dried fruit, jerky, and snack products.


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Family Education Rights and Privacy ActPage address: http://www.mnsu.edu/campushub/ferpa/
FERPA was established in 1974
FERPA guidelines prohibits institutions from releasing student data to anyone without expressed written permission from the student.
Minnesota State Mankato
Strictly adheres to FERPA policies and regulations
Minnesota State Mankato employees are not allowed to give out private student information to anyone but the student or other school officials having a legitimate educational interest; this information cannot be shared with parents, siblings, spouses and/or friends without express written authorization.
Parents, Guardians, Friends, etc.
Please be aware that if you contact the university on behalf of a student and that student has not provided written authorization for us to release his/her private information to you, we will be limited to providing general policy and/or procedure information only.
Student data privacy laws apply to all MSU students, regardless of age.
As a college student you have data privacy protection that separates your role from your parents' role in tending to your financial matters. More Information and available form.
Related Links
- Data Privacy
- Student Privacy (Registrar's Office)


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Influenza pandemic (H1N1) of 2009, also called H1N1 flu, byname swine flu, the first major influenza outbreak in the 21st century, noted for its rapid global spread, which was facilitated by an unusually high degree of viral contagiousness. Global dissemination of the virus was further expedited by the unprecedented rates of passenger travel that characterize the modern era.
The pandemic virus caused a respiratory disease typical of that resulting from infection with seasonal influenza. However, despite local, national, and international efforts to contain the virus, its more contagious nature led to the infection of millions of people. The calculation of accurate global figures by entities such as the World Health Organization (WHO) was precluded by case underreporting and difficulty in obtaining samples from affected individuals, particularly in developing countries. As a result, the 622,482 cases and 18,500 deaths confirmed by laboratory analysis by WHO were considered gross underestimates. Indeed, later analyses based on statistical models that took into account countries with limited influenza-surveillance data indicated that the actual total number of deaths from the outbreak may have been as high as 284,500 to 575,400.
Symptoms and transmission
Persons infected with H1N1 experienced fever and mild respiratory symptoms, such as coughing, runny nose, and congestion. In some cases symptoms were severe and included diarrhea, chills, and vomiting, and in rare cases respiratory failure occurred. The H1N1 virus caused relatively few deaths in humans. In the United States, for example, it caused fewer deaths (between 8,870 and 18,300) than seasonal influenza, which, based on data for the years 1993–2003, causes an average of about 36,170 deaths each year. The H1N1 virus was most lethal in individuals affected by chronic disease or other underlying health conditions.
The virus was passed from human to human primarily through inhalation of infectious particles or contact with an infected individual or a contaminated surface. These modes of transmission proved rapid and increased the potential for the virus's global spread. The H1N1 virus of 2009 was highly contagious; between 22 and 33 percent of people who came into contact with an infected individual became infected themselves. This measure of the frequency of new cases of disease arising through contact with infected persons, which is known as the secondary attack rate, was higher for H1N1 flu than for seasonal influenza. (The typical secondary attack rate of seasonal influenza is between 5 and 15 percent.)
Early stages of the outbreak
Evidence of an influenza-like illness first appeared in February 2009 in a small town called La Gloria in Veracruz, Mex. The following month the illness emerged in Mexico City. Officials investigating the outbreak quickly traced the illness to La Gloria, where a young boy, who later became known as "patient zero," was discovered to be infected with a previously unknown strain of influenza virus. The virus was a strain of swine influenza, and thus the outbreak adopted the name "swine flu." Although the boy represented the first known case, researchers who continue to investigate the virus suspect that it emerged sometime in 2008. Despite substantial progress made in the characterization of the virus, its origins remain unknown.
By the end of April more than 2,000 cases of the influenza-like illness had been reported in Mexico City and elsewhere in Mexico. Laboratory testing of a small subset of patients confirmed that a swine influenza virus was the cause of their illness. The virus that was detected was a subtype known as influenza A H1N1, though it was initially identified as a new strain of swine influenza virus because it consisted of genetic material from two different swine influenza viruses as well as genetic material from human and avian strains of influenza virus. The new H1N1 virus emerged in the United States in April 2009, in Texas, New York, California, and several other places. The virus was suspected of having been carried to those states by individuals who had been in affected areas in Mexico and then traveled from there.
On April 25, 2009, the director general of the World Health Organization (WHO), Margaret Chan, declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. Within days of Chan's announcement, the H1N1 virus reached Spain, having been carried to that country by individuals traveling by airplane from Mexico. Confirmed cases of H1N1 infection also occurred in Germany, Austria, the United Kingdom, Israel, and New Zealand. Several provinces in Canada, including Nova Scotia, Alberta, Ontario, and British Columbia, also were affected. Although most persons who fell ill recovered, there were H1N1-related deaths in Mexico and the United States. In addition, many more cases of the disease were suspected in other countries, including Australia, Chile, Colombia, and France.
Although it was not clear whether all the cases in these other countries were caused by the H1N1 virus, several of the already confirmed cases in multiple countries demonstrated evidence of human-to-human transmission. This evidence prompted Chan and WHO on April 29 to declare a level 5 pandemic alert for the H1N1 outbreak. A level 5 pandemic alert indicated that WHO believed a swine flu pandemic was imminent and called for accelerated distribution of drugs to treatment facilities and rapid implementation of measures to control viral spread as much as possible.
At the end of April, there arose significant confusion concerning the name given to the outbreak. In some countries, "swine flu" was incorrectly believed to be caused by pigs, leading to the unnecessary slaughter of otherwise healthy pigs. This was most evident in Egypt, where a mandate for the slaughter of 400,000 pigs was issued by Minister of Health Hatem al-Gabali, though the animals showed no signs of viral infection. Egyptian pig farmers protested against the order, fueling riots that caused a great deal of concern among the country's citizens. To relieve tensions and to avoid further confusion, WHO officially renamed the outbreak influenza A (H1N1). It later assumed the name pandemic (H1N1) 2009, or some variation thereof, being known generally as H1N1 flu. The virus itself also was given various names, including novel influenza A (H1N1) virus.
Pandemic status and response
By early June 2009 more than 25,000 cases and nearly 140 deaths from H1N1 flu had been reported worldwide, the majority of deaths having occurred in Mexico and the greatest number of cases—more than 13,000—having appeared in the United States. The continued spread of the virus across multiple regions of the world prompted WHO to announce to its member countries on June 11, 2009, that it was raising the H1N1 flu pandemic alert from level 5 to level 6. This meant that the ongoing outbreak was officially declared a pandemic.
Prior to the announcement, an upsurge in cases had occurred in Chile, Japan, Australia, and the United Kingdom. The H1N1 flu pandemic was the first influenza pandemic to be declared since the 1968 outbreak of Hong Kong flu, which caused more than 750,000 deaths. However, despite the actuation of disease-control strategies determined to prevent the further spread of H1N1 flu, by late August 2009, six months into the outbreak, a total of 209,450 cases and nearly 2,200 deaths had been reported globally.
In mid-September in the United States, H1N1 flu activity increased dramatically, and 48 states reported widespread influenza-like illness by late October. This increase in disease activity was expected, however, since autumn traditionally marks the onset of the seasonal influenza season in the Northern Hemisphere. During the summer, in preparation for an increase in H1N1 activity, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services had secured resources for the production of 120 million doses of vaccine, expecting that the full stock would be available by mid-October. However, only about 11 million doses had been delivered by that time, and delays in vaccine production left a large percentage of the population susceptible to infection.
On October 24 U.S. Pres. Barack Obama declared the H1N1 flu outbreak a national emergency. The move was intended to ensure that, though faced with inadequate vaccine supplies, other federal resources would be available to support emergency measures, including the reimbursement of medical centres that set up treatment tents to facilitate H1N1 response efforts. At the time of Obama's announcement, the number of laboratory-confirmed H1N1 cases and deaths worldwide had increased to some 415,000 and 5,000, respectively.
In the United States the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) periodically published updates on the number of H1N1 cases and deaths in that country. In late 2009 the CDC adjusted their methodology in assessing H1N1 data to account for affected individuals who had not sought medical care and who therefore had not undergone laboratory testing, which had formed the basis for earlier pandemic tracking in the country. The adjusted approach was believed to more accurately portray the actual impact of the outbreak in the United States. Based on this method, the CDC estimated that from April 2009 through mid-April 2010 between 8,870 and 18,300 deaths, between 43 million and 89 million cases, and between 195,000 and 403,000 H1N1-related hospitalizations had occurred in the United States.
On Aug. 10, 2010, Chan announced that the outbreak was no longer a level 6 pandemic. The change in status was made in response to the reduced intensity of local H1N1 outbreaks, which had come to resemble seasonal influenza, as well as to increased levels of acquired immunity against infection within communities and improved vaccination coverage worldwide.
The H1N1 virus
The influenza A H1N1 virus that caused the 2009 pandemic was suspected to have originated in pigs, although this remains a point of speculation. Because the virus was made up of genes from two strains of swine influenza virus as well as genes from human and avian influenza viruses, researchers concluded that it evolved through a process known as genetic reassortment. During reassortment, the three different types of influenza viruses—swine, human, and avian—presumably infected the same host and underwent an exchange of genetic material, thereby giving rise to the pandemic H1N1 strain. The details of how and when this occurred, however, are not clear.
Similar to all other influenza viruses, the 2009 H1N1 pandemic subtype was named for the composition of the proteins hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) that form its viral coat. Although the pandemic virus was similar to the influenza viruses that circulate among humans seasonally, the pandemic subtype possessed unique antigens (molecules that stimulate an immune response, primarily through the production of antibodies).
Treatment and prevention
Treatment for H1N1 infection consists of administration of the antiviral drugs oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or zanamivir (Relenza). However, there is some evidence that H1N1 viruses can develop resistance to oseltamivir, which commonly is used as first-line treatment for infection. In October 2009 an intravenously administered antiviral known as peramivir, though not formally approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), was given emergency-use authorization for the treatment of hospitalized H1N1 patients who had not responded to oral or inhaled antivirals or who had life-threatening illness.
The spread of the virus can be controlled through basic sanitary practices, including washing hands, wearing face masks, and disinfecting potentially contaminated surfaces. However, the most effective method of prevention for high-risk persons, including young children, women who are pregnant, and individuals with compromised immune systems, is vaccination. When the H1N1 virus emerged, there were no vaccines available that could provide immunity against infection. However, the severity of the outbreak prompted the rapid development of a novel vaccine, which was tested in clinical trials beginning in early August 2009. Because the first vaccine tested required two doses, there was immediate concern that not enough vaccine could be manufactured before a potential second wave of illness arrived in the fall in the Northern Hemisphere. The vaccine also required a three-week wait between doses, introducing the possibility that it would not have time to take effect prior to the emergence of another period of high disease activity.
By September, pilot tests of novel single-dose vaccines—developed independently by Chinese biotechnology company Sinovac and Swiss pharmaceutical manufacturer Novartis AG—indicated that sufficient protection could be provided by one injection. Sinovac received approval from the Chinese government in early September to begin mass production of the vaccine, with the goal of generating enough of the agent to vaccinate 5 percent of the Chinese population by 2010. Efforts to increase the global supply of single-dose vaccines being developed by pharmaceutical companies around the world, as well as efforts to distribute these vaccines to countries affected by the pandemic, were considered vitally important to successfully stemming the spread of illness. To aid these efforts, WHO set a goal of obtaining some 200 million donated doses for allocation to 95 low- and middle-income countries. The first stocks of donated vaccine were scheduled for delivery to those countries between November 2009 and February 2010.
In late 2009 two types of H1N1 vaccines were made available: one that could be injected and one that could be inhaled. Whereas a single dose of vaccine was presumed to be sufficient for adolescents and adults, two doses were recommended for children between the ages of six months and nine years. An example of an injectable vaccine that was used against H1N1 was Pandemrix, which was developed by GlaxoSmithKline and was approved for use in September 2009 by the European Commission. Pandemrix was used widely, with doses administered in 47 countries worldwide and with some 30 million doses used in Europe alone.
In the postpandemic period, which began on Aug. 10, 2010, vaccination remained an important means of protection against H1N1 infection for high-risk populations, which included young children, pregnant women, and persons affected by underlying respiratory diseases or chronic illness. Many people, however, were wary of vaccination, primarily because of concerns of side effects. Such concerns were reinforced in 2011 when the Pandemrix vaccine was linked to an increase in incidence of narcolepsy, a disorder characterized by sudden uncontrollable spells of sleep. In Finland, for example, the risk of narcolepsy was found to be nine times higher in Pandemrix-vaccinated persons aged 4 to 19 compared with unvaccinated persons of the same age group. A review of Finland's cases revealed that the Pandemrix vaccine increased the risk of narcolepsy primarily in persons who carried a genetic variation predisposing them to the disorder. Similar outbreaks of vaccine-associated narcolepsy in 11 other countries were under investigation. Despite the link to narcolepsy, health officials maintained that the benefits of H1N1 vaccination outweighed the risks of possible side effects.
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
influenza: Pandemics and epidemicsOriginally called swine flu because the virus was suspected to have been transmitted to humans from pigs, the illness first broke out in Mexico and then spread to the United States. The H1N1 virus that caused the outbreak was discovered to possess genetic material from human, avian,…
Margaret Chan…during an ongoing outbreak of swine flu that began in Mexico and subsequently spread to countries worldwide, Chan was confronted with the difficult task of assessing the potential global health impact of the disease. On June 11, 2009, following a series of meetings with an emergency committee from whom she…
pandemic…2009, when a subtype of H1N1 virus spread across multiple regions of the world. Between March 2009 and mid-January 2010, more than 14,140 laboratory-confirmed H1N1 deaths had been reported worldwide.…
influenza A H1N1The 2009 H1N1 virus, called swine flu because the virus likely originated in pigs and contained genes from multiple strains of swine influenza viruses, first broke out in Mexico and subsequently spread to the United States and other countries around the world. In addition to the genes from different swine…
Virus, an infectious agent of small size and simple composition that can multiply only in living cells of animals, plants, or bacteria. The name is from a Latin word meaning "slimy liquid" or "poison." The earliest indications of the biological nature of viruses came from studies in 1892 by…
More About Influenza pandemic (H1N1) of 20094 references found in Britannica articles
Assorted References
- influenza
- pandemic
- In pandemic
- World Health Organization


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In case you want specific kind of decorative cake or different variety of taste, or if looking for online cake and flower for your location only, then, you are at the right place. We have those facilities too. We do not just deliver orders; instead, we prepare mouthwatering cakes at our own bakeries with super rich quality stuffs. Moreover it has authentic and exotic variety .We also have a rich collection of garden-fresh flowers on offer. Where you can find fresh natural flowers, you can order online flower online flowers also. And quality of flowers remains best for a long time as we take extra care these in our supervision. Our bakeries and flower shops are located at many strategic locations across the city to delivery customers' orders instantly at your door step. We have wide range of collection cakes and even flowers also spread happiness during any occasion, and it symbolize love more. You have much option with us with your choice. In case you are a fond of specific quality of cake or flower we have that too .We have chocolate cakes with exotic designer look which will force you to smack your lip , we also have eggless, fruit, fresh crème or whipped cream, and many more varieties of cakes to choose.
Sometime we can't plan for an occasion and during occasion it become too messy to plan everything in a systemic way, we can't go same time to shop, or we can't get enough time to order cake on that moment ,so no need to panic, it could trouble you more and even can spoil your occasion and planning. For this perspective we have option for you, we can deliver same day cake delivery in Sector 19 as per your choice, you can get our services. We have almost a decade of experience of preparing and delivering cakes across various cities of the country. We are operating approximately a dozen of cities in India. And we have our customer who get our support from all are of the world. Our instant order delivery by the help of best professional make it stands out among other bakers and cake shops into your vicinity.
Our market has covered the area of each city in the world and it's also attracting customers due to assuring quality of cake and other product, and we are becoming best brand day by day. We have a number of well-equipped bakeries, outlets, vendors and flower shops in Sector 19 and nearby places. Whether you want your order get delivered on the same day or on a specific date and time, just choose your cake and order us, we will deliver you the right cake, in the right place, at the right time. Moreover, unlike many other vendors, we do not charge extra money for same day or online cake delivery in Sector 19 midnight. We have fixed charges which doesn't vary according to demand or supply.
Due to our flexible timings and professional who can reach to you any time and even dedicated to assist you even during late midnight. We have 24*7 hour delivery in Sector 19 and nearby locations. You can get a cake on the same day or even you place an order at 11 pm. We have fast and instant delivery in most of the areas. You can choose mid night cake delivery option or even any specific timings can be decided if you want, if you need a cake at late night or early morning. We can delivery you cakes and flowers at the exact time and date mentioned in the order. You just need to fill the order form and specify all your requirements, such as delivery date, time, place, and it doesn't affect any of its charges or anything etc.
Everyone has their own personalities, fond of something or sometime many of us restrict ourselves for instance most of the people only prefer or eat eggless cakes. If you are an eggless cake lover, but sacrificing your love for cakes, due to absence of eggless cake, so we assure you are at the right place. We can offer ample varieties with best market price. We have numerous options, for eggless cakes, such as fruit crème, chocolate based, vanilla cakes, butterscotch, etc. Cake-Delivery.in offers online eggless cake delivery in Sector 19, Noida on the same day of order. Unlike many other vendors and bakers, we do not need extra time for preparing eggless cakes, as we manage stock of delicious and fresh eggless cakes round the clock. As we are not preparing it before so quality of cakes also remain fresh and best and when it comes for cake lover specially who loves it without eggs, we need to be extra alert, so we prepare all these cakes separately in our bakeries; therefore, even if you are a pure vegetarian, our eggless cakes are safe and suitable for you.
We accept online and offline both orders and payments. Therefore, you can reach out to our cake shops in Sector 19 at your nearby location, or you can even order it online which you will get instantly same day or any day as per your choice and can find your best cake instantly. In addition, you can also order and pay online using credit/debit cards, net banking, and e-wallets. We accept online payment through all the nationalized and major banks. You can also go for cash on delivery option and pay in cash when our delivery boys reach at your doorstep with delicious cake and a set of beautiful flowers. Our payment gateway is thoroughly safe and secure. Therefore, do not worry about your critical information while making an online payment for your order. Your information is completely secure and confidential and we do not share any information of our customers with any other cake vendor and company at any cost. We always deliver safely and securely and provide safe payment option either online or offline.
No matter your relatives and loved ones are living close to you or somewhere far away, get online cake in Sector 19, Noida, them closer with cake now you can improve your relationship sending them an amazingly delicious mouth-watering cake from our best online cake shop in Sector 19, Noida.
We provide our extraordinary customers with the service to send cake to Sector 19, Noida anywhere they want with a special note so you can send your feelings about their loved ones with better approach using our best bakery in Sector 19, Noida. Our delivery team is perfect in delivering your feelings as a cake wherever you want, on time so do not wait and place your cake order online now in Sector 19, Noida.
We all are decoration lover, when anything presented in front of us in a unique way or in an innovative perspective we love it more .in a same way Designer cakes are wonderful alternative when it comes for any occasion for making celebrations more pleasant and energetic. Such cakes are designed on particular theme such as New Year, Christmas, Wedding, Valentine Day birthday or anniversary. These moments are one time celebrated in a year so we want to capture each and every memory in best innovative way. We have a team of expert designers who only decorate and design such cakes for our invaluable customers. If you want to add more fun to your party, just order for a designer cake delivery in Sector 19, Noida with some lovely flowers.
We have ample choices for designer cakes and online flower delivery in Sector 19 on offer. In addition, you can also get your cake designed the way you want. We prefer your ideas initially and care what you want. You just need to specify your need; our designers will get the detail and get your cake designed within a few minutes. All our designer cakes are prepared with good quality stuffs. We can make sure that we do not use any artificial or inedible stuff to prepare any of our cakes and deserts. They all are natural, colors are purely made with edible foods items and you get safe and authentic meanwhile having it. All of our products are perfectly safe and 100% edible.
We have a large number of trusted customers with years of unmatched service. We assure to give our best to our customers. You can place an order online midnight cake delivery in Noida and also avail our service like online cake delivery in Chandigarh and other nearby city using our fast cake and flower delivery service by our delivery team. We deliver every order according to customer demands; there is no restriction for any location, so just contact us any time.
If you want to grab each of your memory and memory of your love one's with you so just order Designer cakes, which are available in different shapes and sizes. You can choose the right one as per your needs. All these cakes are available in half kg, one kg, and two kg size. If you need a cake of another size, just tell us. You can demand any texture any design whether in a photo form or funny designer for your kids, we will prepare a suitable size of cake for you within a few minutes. Designer cakes are the best option for Anniversary in Sector 19, as they make the atmosphere more passionate and arousing. It will help you to let your partner know that how much you love, cake, and respect him or her. And designing made on the top of cake with white whipped cream with design of flowers will enhance it look more.
Birthday is the most special day of anyone's life .and everyone want to make it more special .we all know birthdays are special. Therefore, we should celebrate them as loud as we can. With our family and with friends too. For that we need a cake first .You can make birthdays special with a sweet and delicious designer cake and a set of beautiful roses. You can order Friendship Day cake, Valentine Day cake, Wedding cake, New Baby cake, thank you cake, New Year cake and Christmas cake in Sector 19, Noida with a stylish designer cake to make your friend feel special and loved. With cake, you can also send flowers in Sector 19 with sweet chocolates to make your wishes more valuable and hearty. Any occasion you can't avoid cake over there always need a beautiful flowery cake for throwing a party.
Our fast delivery team will assist you in sending cakes and flowers in Sector 19, Noida round the clock. We have 24*7 hour order and delivery service for all our respected customers. Therefore, even if you look for flower and cake delivery in Sector 19 midnight, feel free to connect with us. We feel great pleasure in spreading bliss among people.
We have a number of flower and cake shops in Sector 19 and surrounding localities, such as online cake delivery in Sector 15, midnight cake delivery in Sector 16 and cake delivery in Sector 18. In addition, we have same day cake delivery in Golf Course and cake delivery Atta Market midnight facilities. They can assist you for any cake and flower delivery.
With rich collection or garden-fresh flowers and super rich quality of cakes, we are the most trusted online cake and flower delivery in Sector 19 facility. We provide you variety of flower in multi-color or you want specie color with in simple way you can let us know that too.
No bakeries and vendors in Sector 19, Noida can match the quality of cakes and fast services offered by us. We have established ourselves as one of the most trusted cake and flower brands in Sector 19, Noida over the years. And it's only because of our best professional team mate.


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Value of a Dealer
Our equipment helps users get a great experience.
Our dealers make sure you get one.
When a company is trying to sell you their fitness equipment, they are really easy to get a hold of. At Precor, that doesn't change after the sale. In the 2009 IHRSA Health Club Equipment Benchmarking Report, 150 health club operators ranked Precor #1 in "After Sales Service."
We offer more dealers and certified techs than anyone else in the industry. Along with regular maintenance clinics for your staff, our dealers also provide access to locally warehoused products and parts to keep your facility operational. Most also offer maintenance contracts in addition to servicing our warranties.
One call gets you a lot. Our customers rely on our dealers for everything from audio visual requirements to water coolers in addition to our equipment. And that saves you time and takes a few things off your plate. Our expertise helps in other ways, too. Our dealers have experience in laying out the electrical for your facility and know how to maximize space. They are motivated to use their knowledge and experience to help you make sure that your users have a quality experience every time they walk into your fitness center.
It's great that you see your Precor dealer as a resource for excellent equipment. But we think you'll appreciate all the other things they provide just as much.


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District of Columbia On-Campus Audiology Graduate Programs & Audiology Degrees
Campus audiology graduate programs help students prepare for careers in audiology, a profession that assists the hearing impaired. Graduate schools in audiology may best prepare professionals to serve a diverse group of individuals who require diagnosis, counseling, and assistance with hearing and speech problems. Some audiologists work in education to assist students and by taking courses and doing clinical experience in an audiology grad school program, you may develop the knowledge and top skills and earn the licenses to become a health professional in the field of audiology.
Audiology Graduate Programs On-Campus : Audiology PhD's and Masters Programs
There are different kinds of audiology programs. A search for on-campus audiology degrees will yield results with masters degrees, such as a Masters of Speech Pathology and Audiology and a Masters of Audiology Studies, as well as doctorate programs, like an on-campus Doctor of Audiology degree or a Doctorate of Communicative Disorders degree. Narrow down your search according to your career goals and find the audiology degree that matches that career path.
Graduate schools for audiology with on-campus class formats provide a social setting where students, faculty and practitioners work side by side in a community of learners. Part-time and full-time course schedules are available in many audiology grad schools. While all audiology graduate schools provide training in the field of audiology, most allow students to specialize in areas such as auditory technology, clinical research, language pathology, and counseling. Whichever specialization you select, audiologist programs will help you enhance your education in the field.
To find the perfect on-campus audiology program for you, use our filters to search programs by location, degree type, and specialization. Explore the different on-campus
options for earning an audiology graduate school degree at accredited colleges and universities today!
Sponsored Listings
- Washington, DCWashington, DC
Gallaudet University
Hearing, Speech and Language Sciences
The Au.D.
Sponsored Listings


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1. Community Standard or Double Standard?
2. Women Who Want to Want
3. Swinging one's vows to the limit
National Coalition for Sexual Freedom -- Media Update Digest
December 9, 2009
To read NCSF Media Updates on a daily basis, visit our blog at: http://ncsf.wordpress.com
NCSF Media Updates represent a sampling of recent stories printed in US newspapers, magazines, and
selected websites containing significant mention of BDSM-leather-fetish, polyamory, or swing issues and
These stories may be positive, negative, accurate, inaccurate b or anywhere in between. NCSF publishes
the Updates to provide readers a comprehensive look at what media outlets are writing about these
topics. NCSF permits and encourages readers to forward these Updates where appropriate.
Community Standard or Double Standard?
New York Times
Mr. Lambert's context was different, mostly because he is gay and his song "For Your Entertainment" is
graphically sexual, with intimations of sadomasochism ...
To read the rest of this article, go to:
Women Who Want to Want
New York Times Magazine
by Dan Bergner
The section on deviant desires, to take one example, is denounced by advocates for alternative sexuality
as stigmatizing those whose lusts, no matter how unusual, are harmless, or those whose erotic play, no
matter how unsettling, is consensual. Should a man with a foot fetish be branded as mentally ill? Should
a woman who finds ecstasy in being elaborately bound and enduring denigration or pain? Should such
people be labeled with psychiatric diseases, though the rest of their lives have no serious dysfunction?
Until 1973, homosexuality was among the D.S.M.'s disorders, and critics of the present chapter point to
the condemnation the volume once inflicted on gay men and lesbians' condemnation that both reflected
and bolstered the prevailing cultural perspective by way of arguing that the current manual, the
D.S.M.-IV, is full of unfounded and damaging sexual judgments. Many on the panel, which probably won't,
in the end, do much in the way of deleting conditions, maintain that the chapter on sexuality and gender
identity doesn't brand people too readily with disease. They note that, aside from exceptions like
patients with pedophilia, only those who are distressed meet the threshold for diagnosis. In turn, the
critics respond that such distress stems not from within the individual but from the infliction of
societal standards, from the culture's disapproval and aversion and therefore, in part, from the D.S.M.
itself. This, they emphasize, was why the A.P.A. finally removed a last remnant of the homosexuality
diagnosis what was known as "ego-dystonic" homosexuality in 1987.
To read the rest of this article, go to:
Swinging one's vows to the limit
Minnesota Daily
A simple Google search led me to Club H, a local swingers' organization in Minneapolis. When I called, I
was politely asked by the associate on the other ...
To read the rest of this article, go to:
National Coalition for Sexual Freedom (NCSF)
The National Coalition for Sexual Freedom is committed to creating a political, legal, and social
environment in the United States that advances the equal rights of consenting adults who practice forms
of alternative sexual and relationship expression. NCSF advances the rights and advocates for consenting
adults in the BDSM-Leather-Fetish, swing, and polyamory communities. We pursue our vision through direct
services, education, advocacy, and outreach in conjunction with our partner organizations to directly
benefit these communities.
National Coalition for Sexual Freedom
media: (917) 848-6544
office: (410)539-4824


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Man, these wood handlebars for bikes are really appealing…. Andy (the maker) writes-
Each set of my handlebars, carefully crafted entirely by hand, is a unique piece of art that will set your bike apart from the masses. Made by bending and clamping thin strips of hard, durable woods together with adhesive inbetween the layers, sanded by hand to the perfect shape and then finished with polyurethane, these bars are made to last. I currently offer two different shapes of handlebars, a basic sweep design and a thicker grip shape I fashioned because I wanted something more substantial to grasp while riding. I offer handlebars both with standard 25.4mm diameter at the stem and the French sized 22.0mm diameter. Check out my inventory to see what bars are currently for sale.
Check out the gallery here and photos on Flickr via A Whole Lotta Nothing.


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Round Printed Short Wolves Neck Tee Sleeve 10gUqx5
News The Unicorn Frappuccino, with its swirl of purple, blue and pink, is now a thing of the past. But Houston's El Bolillo Bakery is putting its own sweet spin on the craze. The popular panaderia, which includes locations on S. Wayside and Airline, has introduced pink, blue and purple pan dulce -- or sweet bread -- to its already impressive array of confections. And they can barely keep it on the shelves. 5 plants to add to your garden this Spring Joel Embiid "very likely" to need surgery on left knee Spring 2017 TV premiere dates Unicorn Pan Dulce (Sweet Bread) at El Bolillo Bakery in Houston Hole under home likely a sinkhole Inform News. Coming Up... Meghan Markle Joins Prince Harry for 1st Royal Visit Cris Carter: 'Tiger Woods is back.. He hit the ball phenomenally' Macy's ups seasonal hiring Trump Holds Key to Potentially Replacing Tillerson White House not worried about indictments distracting from agenda "because it doesn't have anything to do with us." WH Chief of Staff: "I'm not quitting today, I don't think I'm being fired today." Apple Unveils iPhone X Adam Engel slams into the wall on this miraculous, leaping grab to steal a homer away from Austin Jackson Jon Jay makes incredible catch at warning track Mark Cuban ponders 2020 Presidential Run | SportsDay OnAir Sushi chefs go head to head in Japan contest Jeff Banister rescues injured bird on field | SportsDayOnAir Piglet Rescued By NJ State Troopers Reunited With Owner A.J. Pollock makes a spectacular leaping grab at the wall to rob Travis d'Arnaud of a home run Rometty on How CEOs Handle Disagreeing with Presidents WATCH: Drew Robinson makes driving catch in 8th vs. Angels Long-lost ring reemerges...on a carrot Chimpanzees can understand rock paper scissors Baaad To The Bone Goat Jumps On Police Car - Twice Beverly Hills Mansion Most Expensive Listing In U.S. Ever 5 tips for watching the Total Solar Eclipse WATCH: Rougned Odor hits 2-run home run in 1st inning vs. Seattle Firework safety PSA blows up watermelons and manikins Biggest Movies So Far in 2017 Taiwanese police recruit cutest squad of all time Sega Genesis to make retro return Top Netflix shows to binge watch this Summer Amazing Voice Heard At Thrift Shop Top Summer Travel Destinations Watch: Astronaut makes zero gravity PB&J Viral: Local Police Create "Donut Disrespect" Campaign Top 10 airlines for customer service Top shows to watch on Netflix NFL approves Raiders relocation to Las Vegas 5 plants to add to your garden this Spring Joel Embiid "very likely" to need surgery on left knee Spring 2017 TV premiere dates Unicorn Pan Dulce (Sweet Bread) at El Bolillo Bakery in Houston Hole under home likely a sinkhole Inform News. Coming Up... OFF ON None Aa Aa Aa Aa Monospaced SerifProportional SerifMonospaced Sans-SerifProportional Sans-SerifCasualCursiveSmall CapitalsNoneDepressedLeft Drop ShadowRaisedRight Drop ShadowUniform SmallMediumLargePop-OutRoll-OnPaint-On 00:0000:00 Unicorn Pan Dulce (Sweet Bread) at El Bolillo Bakery in Houston Videolicious video created by firstname.lastname@example.com Houston Chronicle http://video.inform.com/?ndn.trackingGroup=69016&ndn.siteSection=90000_vmpp&ndn.videoId=32329521 BACK Embed Privacy Policy | Terms of Use Autoplay: On | Off Photos of the frap-inspired baked goods popped up on El Bolillo's Instagram and Facebook pages Tuesday night and quickly racked up thousands of likes and shares. A few simple videos earned more than 250,000 views in a matter of hours. "It was going crazy. And they weren't out the oven yet. Customers were calling, 'When are they ready?' They started coming in and lining up," says Brian Alvarado, manager at the S. Wayside store. "This is one of the biggest projects that we've ever done, and we've just had as much fun as possible. It's also going up against the tradition of having the same thing for 20 years. It changes it up a little bit." Alvarado says they've been in nonstop production on uniconchas, unicuernos, or horns and unicorn tres leches cakes. He estimates they've gone through 500 pounds of flour since Tuesday. The sweet treats are made with individually colored sugar crusted on marbled dough or by placing the colored sugar on by hand before baking. Each color has its own flavor, including raspberry, strawberry, piña colada and bubblegum. So every bite is its own surprise. "They do take a lot more time. We have to be more careful and make sure the colors don't mix too much or else it turns into a dark brown or a black. We don't wanna do that," Alvarado says. The conchas and cuernitos are 60-cents each. The cakes go for $30. And they're considering other unicorn goodies, too. El Bolillo has been getting large orders for 20, 40, even 60 conchas at a time. The S. Wayside store was bustling with people Thursday evening. And almost every self-serve platter included several uniconchas. "If it stays popular long enough, we'll definitely keep it coming," Alvarado says. "If the customer asks for it, we have nothing else to do but to make it." A new El Bolillo Bakery is scheduled to open in May at Southmore and Pasadena Boulevard.


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NEW YORK, N.Y. – It wasn't just a big weekend for football fans, it was a big weekend for fans of college track & field as the prestigious New Balance Invitational took place at the legendary Armory Track & Field Center.
Amongst that group was the Virginia Commonwealth University track & field squads, who continued to make strides and with another strong showing.
"I'm really pleased with where were in our training on both the men's and women's side," Head Coach Jon Riley said. "Both squads are coming along at a constant and consistent pace. This week was another solid performance against some of the country's best athletes."
On the women's side, sophomore Dionna Hayes showed yet again why she could become one of the best to ever lace up the spikes at VCU with another personal best. This time it came in the 60-meter dash with a time of 7.62, good for second-place in the college section. The mark was less than a tenth of a second off the school record of 7.53, held by Shaunette Davey.
Senior Quina Fortune qualified for the ECAC Championships when she clocked in at 24.48 in the 200-meter dash, while junior Jazlynn Finney posted a personal best in the same event with a time of 25.58.
For the men, senior Axel Mostrag was the top individual performer as he earned a spot in the IC4A Chamiponships in the 800-meter run with a time of 1:50.49, good for sixth-place in the event.
Seniors Donnie Seward, Jeff Hernandez and Antonio Norvell teamed up with sophomore Dominic Costanzo to grab third-place in the college section of the 4x400 meter relay, crossing the line in 3:18.23. Their time earned a spot in the IC4A Championships.
Costanzo wasn't done, posting a personal best in the 400-meter dash with a time of 49.24.
"My coaching staff and I are really excited about the way every athlete continues to improve week by week. That's what it takes to win championships," Riley said.
The Rams are back in action next weekend when they send split squads to the Cyclone Invitational at Iowa State and the Vince Brown invitational at Christopher Newport University.


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slides: GoLocal's Super Ranking: Top New England Colleges 2013
Saturday, June 01, 2013
What are New England's best colleges and universities?
After hundreds of hours of research and assessment, GoLocal names the region's best--from major universities to tiny liberal arts colleges--in a super-ranking that combines the nation's top educational rankings with grassroots student-oriented assessments. The result: a fresh view of how the full educational experience stacks up… from the Ivies to the NESCAC, and beyond.
A well-rounded snapshot
In search of a truly well-rounded snapshot of each college and university in New England, GoLocal utilized a combination of rankings derived from national sources, including US News & World Report, the Princeton Review, Forbes Magazine, and Washington Monthly, as well as Inside College, the Daily Beast, and College Prowler. From there, our researchers assessed more than 60 different factors, from overall quality rankings both nationally and regionally to rankings for best professors, housing, diversity, nightlife, career preparation, social/academic balance, and of course, food.
To read more about GoLocal's Top Colleges methodology, go here.
With a proprietary formula created to value the many characteristics that combine to form an overall picture of the "greatness " of a college or university campus, GoLocal's 2013 New England College Super Ranking presents a fresh view of the best of the best in New England.
Did your school make the list?
With Sabrina Abballe, Elizabeth R. Koh, Monica White. Student quotes are from College Prowler.
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