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Born Anew
THIS IS THE SEQUEL TO " A NEW BEGINNING" AND I WROTE ALOT SO READ!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! BTW-my people who won the contest are posted and will appear in my story as a new group of vampires AwesomeAlice94-Ashley Twilightaholic-Maddie MyBrandOfHeroin-Shannon Vintage-Addie emmet_cullen-Mikala menti belle-Fisher (middle name...has a very common first name) ENJOY!
This is the long awaited sequel to A new Beginning! READ REVIEW AND ENJOOOOOOOOOOOOOY!!!!!!!
1. Chapter 1
Rating 5/5 Word Count 572 Review this Chapter
Carlisle stood up, facing Aro with hatred burning in his eyes.
"You leave Chrissy alone!" Carlisle growled.
"Oh come now Carlisle, old friend. We just want to see it in action. If we like it, then we will request the girl, Chrissy was it, to please come with us. We gave Bella the same choice all those years ago and we havent gone back on it, now have we?" Aro asked casually, a smile playing about his ancient face.
"No, and are you here as well on the powers of the new person, Richard?" Carlisle asked.
"Oh no..." Aro began before he dashed across the room and picked up a glass swan.
"I'm here for real. You know...I've always love this little swan, can I have it?" Aro asked hopefully, toying with the figurine.
"You act like a little kid on christmas, who are you?" came the sweet little voice of Chrissy.
"Aaaah, there she is. Hello my dear, my name is Aro and-" Aro began before being interrupted by small giggles from Chrissy.
"What kind of a name is Aro? Did your parents run out of names like Joseph or Simon? They must have been very bored to name you Aro!" Chrissy laughed.
Aro began to chuckle. "Yes, it is an unusual name I admit, but so is Chrysanthemum. Your parents must have run out of names like Rachel or Heather as well huh?" he responded, dashing over faster than even Carlisle could keep up with, and sitting on Edward's piano bench with Chrissy on his lap.
"Now, I would really like to see your power and if I like a whole lot, I am going to ask you to pretty please come stay with me in a very nice castle in Italy." Aro said.
"A princess castle?" Chrissy's eyes sparkled at the thought.
Carlisle was about to explode, but he new one wrong move would ttrigger Jane, who had her eye fixed on him, and the other trained on Chrissy.
"Of course my little pet! now, what can you do?"
Chrissy closed her eyes and opened them slowly. "This." she said simpley as the whole room turnedin to a beautiful meadow. The floors grew grass, the lamps turned to trees, the windows had ivy intwine within the panes of glass.
What Chrissy didnt expect was for it to affect the whole house.
"What the-CHRISSY! STOP IT! YOU TURNED MY TV INTO A TREE AN I WAS ALMOST DONE WITH MY GAME AND AHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH!!!!"Emmett began
Emmett came stomping into the room with grass and flowers in his hair.
"The stairs are gone and...PEOPLE WE HAVE VISITORS!" Emmett yelled wide eyed.
"Who?" Edward asked as he jumped gracfully off the landing.
"Some old vampire guy and a little girl!" he responded.
Edward ran into the room and stood transfixed at the sight before him.
His daughter sitting in the lap of his enemy, Carlisle, rooted to the spot by Jane.
The rest of the Cullens ran into the room when they heard what Emmett had said.
Everybody except Jasper watched Aro with fearful eyes.
Jasper could feel pure and innocent giddy pleasure emanating from a cretain someone in the room and Jasper smiled when he found who.
Jane was sitting on the floor in the blue dress she "came" in. Jasper smiled as he watched happiness play about her face as she picked flowers.
Jasper looked over to Chrissy, and when she looked at him, he nodded at Jane and pointed to the ground.
Chrissy understood and used her ability to actually bring Jane into the room.
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December 20, 2010
Three members of the 2010 Wabash College football team were named to the D3football.com All-America team. Sophomore Jonathon Koop was a First Team All-America selection, while senior CJ Gum received Third All-America honors. Sophomore Weston Kitley was named to the Honorable Mention All-America team.
Koop (right), a sophomore defensive back, was recognized for his play on special teams. A graduate of AB Miller High School in Fontana, California, Koop scored four touchdowns off of blocked punts by the Wabash special teams unit to set a new school record for punt return touchdowns in a season. He was one away from tying the NCAA Division III record of five punt return touchdowns in a single season. Koop was part of a Wabash special teams unit that tied the NCAA Division III single season mark for blocked kicks with 11.
Gum, the 2010 North Coast Athletic Conference Defensive Player of the Year, First Team All-NCAC and First Team All-North Region D3football.com selection, led the Little Giants with 75 tackles, with 38 solo stops and 37 assists in ten starts at linebacker. He tied for the conference lead with four interceptions. His 75 tackles tied for eighth-best in the league. Gum (left), a North Judson High School graduate, also tied for the team lead with 8-1/2 tackles for losses totaling 25 yards. He recorded two sacks for eight yards, and finished with four pass breakups and three quarterback hurries.
Kitley a sophomore offensive lineman from Indianapolis Roncalli High School, earned All-America honors in his first season as a starter for the Little Giants. Kitley, a First Team All-NCAC selection, started all 10 games at left tackle for Wabash and helped the offense to second in the NCAC in rushing offense (152.8 ypg), passing offense (245.1 ypg), total offense (397.90 ypg), and scoring offense (33.8 ppg). Kitley and the rest of his offensive line mates allowed an average of two sacks per game to rank fourth in the conference.
Wabash finished the regular season with a record of 8-2 overall and 5-1 in the North Coast Athletic Conference. The Little Giants closed out the 2010 season with a 47-0 victory over DePauw University in the annual Monon Bell Classic. Wabash received 28 total points in the final D3football.com Top-25 poll of the season.

subset: commoncrawl


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LAST YEAR on NPR's "All Things Considered," I heard the story of Teresa MacBain, a United Methodist pastor who came to the conclusion she was an atheist. The situation was scary and awkward for her. Who could she tell? What would she do now for a living?
She wasn't trained for any other occupation, but neither could she continue her double life of preaching and public praying while knowing she didn't believe in any of it.
Lacking someone to confide in, MacBain secretly confessed to her iPhone, "Sometimes I think to myself: If I could just go back a few years and not ask the questions and just be one of the sheep and blindly follow and not know the truth, it would be so much easier. I'd just keep my job. But I can't do that. I know it's a lie. I know it's false." Eventually, she left the ministry.
As I listened to MacBain's interview, I empathized with her. After 30 years of serving as a Mennonite pastor, I often wonder whether I still believe the things I've always said I believed. My questions about God have become deeper, while my previous answers now sound shallow. The thought that I might not believe in God is frightening. It threatens my identity and worldview—not to mention my occupation. And yet I haven't arrived at MacBain's atheism. Instead, my doubts have been folded into my faith.
When I was 16 years old and discovered that several of my school friends had become atheists, I was racked with questions about God's existence. I tried to resolve the issue by reading every book I could find on Christian apologetics. I piled up a mountain of highly dubious evidence and then spent the summer writing a 60-page defense of the Christian faith. But when I was finished, I made an awful discovery—I still had the same doubts. No amount of proof had made any difference at all.


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I am programming in C++
The function of the program is the user puts in the computer name and the printer name, and it adds the printer as a new printer.
I created 2 string variables
a and b
printer and computer
simply running a cout statement the following works:
cout<< "rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /if /b "<<a<<" /f %windir%\inf\ntprint.inf /r" <<b<<" /m "<<a<<"";
BUT to make this work to add a printer obviously a system(" ") command must be used
system("rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /if /b <<a<< /f %windir%\inf\ntprint.inf /r <<b<< /m <<a<<");
After user inputs a and b the program runs
but the output says "<< was unexpected here"
If i break the quotes like so:
system("rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /if /b" <<a<< "/f %windir%\inf\ntprint.inf /r " <<b<< "/m" <<a<<"");
the program wont compile. Obviously this format is incorrect for a system command
So how do i escape the quotation marks?
I know its probably a backslash or a set of 'single quotes' somewhere, but everything i try doesn't work
Thanks for any help


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Senior Cierra Ward and sophomore Morgan Tullar were named to the Northeast Conference All-Tournament Team for their performance in CCSU's semifinal loss to Bryant on Friday afternoon. Ward and Tullar both had strong performances for the Blue Devils in the program's first postseason game.
Tullar posted 13 saves and limited the Bryant offense to 11 goals. Tullar's performance kept the Bulldogs, the NEC's best scoring offense, below their season average for goals. She also picked up a ground ball and caused a turnover in the game.
Ward, a key member of the CCSU's defense all season, posted two ground balls and a caused turnovers in the game. She was active on defense throughout the game and was the spark behind CCSU's game tying goal in the second half. Ward broke up a pass at midfield then gathered in the loose ball to start CCSU's offense possession, which quickly resulted in the goal that tied the game at 7-7.
Despite the 11-10 loss to Bryant in the semifinals, the Blue Devils finished a record setting 2013 season with a school record nine victories and seven NEC victories. The NEC Tournament appearance was the first for CCSU women's lacrosse.


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Photographing Woodlawn
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Photographing Woodlawn features the work of twenty-six artists whose photographs explore the sylvan landscapes and Gilded Age mausoleums of Woodlawn, one of America's most important cemeteries. Located on 400 acres in the northern Bronx, Woodlawn incorporates the work of some of the country's most accomplished architects, landscape designers and artists. In this exhibition the photographers record the grounds and monuments using a range of techniques and styles – offering panoramic views, documentary images in high definition, sepia-toned landscapes, and performance-based photography. Photographers include:


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The National Endowment for the Arts is an independent federal agency that funds, promotes, and strengthens the creative capacity of our communities by providing all Americans with diverse opportunities for arts participation.
Effects of SLFN5 knockdown on RCC morphology. (A) 786-0 cells were transiently transfected with control siRNA or SLFN5 siRNA, and after cell lysis, total lysates were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with an anti-SLFN5 antibody or an anti-GAPDH antibody, as indicated. (B) 786-0 cells stably expressing control shRNA-GFP or SLFN5 shRNA-GFP were lysed, and total cell lysates were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with anti-SLFN5 or anti-GAPDH antibodies, as indicated. (C) 786-0 cells were transiently transfected with control (CTRL) siRNA or SLFN5 siRNA. Forty-eight hours later, cells were imaged by phase-contrast microscopy at low (left panels) and high (right panels) magnifications. (D) 786-0 cells seeded onto glass coverslips were transiently transfected with control siRNA or SLFN5 siRNA with Lipofectamine RNAiMAX; at 48 h after transfection, the cells were fixed, permeabilized, and stained. Confocal fluorescence microscopy of focal adhesion and actin cytoskeleton was performed with triple labeling, using tetramethyl rhodamine-isothiocyanate (TRITC)-conjugated phalloidin (lower right panels), antivinculin monoclonal antibody (lower left panels), and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (upper right panels). Overlay of fluorescent signals is shown in upper left panels. Images are representative areas of the entire coverslip analyzed. Bars, 50 μm. (E) 786-0 cells stably expressing control shRNA-GFP or SLFN5 shRNA-GFP were seeded for 24 h onto glass coverslips. Cells were then fixed, permeabilized, and stained with Alexa Fluor 568-labeled phalloidin to detect cytoskeletal F-actin by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Representative areas showing the F-actin structure are shown. (F) Diameter distributions of 786-0 control shRNA-GFP and SLFN5 shRNA-GFP cells were measured using the Scepter 2.0 cell counter. Differences in cell diameter are plotted on a bar graph and represent means ± standard errors from three independent counts.
Knockdown of , , or does not result in loss of stress fibers and reduction in cell size. (A to E) 786-0 cells seeded for 24 h onto glass coverslips were transiently transfected with control siRNA (A), SLFN5 siRNA (B), SLFN11 siRNA (C), SLFN12 siRNA (D), or SLFN13 siRNA (E) using Lipofectamine RNAiMAX; at 48 h after transfection, the cells were fixed, permeabilized and incubated with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and Alexa Fluor 568-labeled phalloidin. Overlays of representative fluorescence signals are shown. (F) 786-0 cells were transiently transfected, respectively, with SLFN5, SLFN11, SLFN12, or SLFN13 siRNA or control siRNA, and mRNA expression for different SLFNs was measured by real-time RT-PCR, using a GAPDH primer as a control. Data are expressed as the fold change over controls and represent means ± standard errors of results from three independent experiments.
SLFN5 knockdown does not affect cell proliferation. (A) Equal numbers of 786-0 control siRNA- and SLFN5 siRNA-transfected cells were cultured for the indicated times. After 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 days of incubation, cell proliferation was assessed by WST assays. Data are expressed as means ± standard errors of results from three independent experiments. (B) Control shRNA-GFP and SLFN5 shRNA-GFP 786-0 cells were seeded in culture dishes and harvested after 3 or 4 days. Cell counts were obtained using the trypan blue dye exclusion test. Data are expressed as means ± standard errors of results from three independent experiments.
Effect of SLFN5 overexpression on cell morphology. (A) 786-0 pLVX/tetONE-puro-SLFN5-Myc-Flag tag-transduced cells were treated with doxycycline (Dox) as indicated, and after cell lysis, proteins were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with an anti-SLFN5 antibody and an antitubulin antibody. (B) The same cells as used in panel A were treated with doxycycline for 72 h and then seeded onto 0.2% gelatin-coated glass coverslips. Cells were then fixed, permeabilized, and stained with Alexa Fluor 568-labeled phalloidin and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) to detect cytoskeletal F-actin and nuclei by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Representative areas showing the F-actin structure and nuclei are shown. Bars, 100 μm. UT, untreated.
Since these findings suggest that SLFN5 controls pathways involved in cytoskeletal rearrangement, we performed RNA-seq analysis to examine the global effects of SLFN5 knockdown on cellular pathways and to identify putative effector elements. RNA-seq analysis showed that 956 genes were upregulated and 570 genes were downregulated following SLFN5 knockdown (
Fig. 7A
). We determined that cancer-related pathways were the highest-ranked pathways affected by SLFN5 knockdown (
Enzo Angiolini Tatye Nubuck Leather Gold Bit Embellishment Block Heel Loafers GFJSD
). Additionally, pathways involved in focal adhesion and cell junctions were also regulated by SLFN5 ( Fig. 7B ). Overall, elements of pathways involved in the regulation of cell morphology were found to be the most affected in another independent pathway analysis ( Table 1 ). Significantly, the matrix metalloproteinase 1 gene ( MMP-1 ) and MMP-13 were among the top dysregulated genes by SLFN5 knockdown in the RNA-seq data ( Dirty Laundry Fox Glove SlipOn Sneaker 4ZUJF9E
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Two Democratic candidates for the US presidency, Senator Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton, are fighting over the term "progressive". But what does the word really mean?
In a CNN
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on 3 February in New Hampshire Mr Sanders and Mrs. Clinton argued over what the word "progressive" means and who has the right to describe themselves in this way.
Mr Sanders said she's not a liberal when it comes to foreign policy and other issues. She disagreed with him, saying that she's "a progressive who likes to get things done". She added that she was "amused" that he'd "set himself up as the gatekeeper of who gets to be a progressive".
So what is a progressive?
Politicians, activists and others disagree about what the word means. Historians concede that there's no precise definition. Still they say that in general a progressive fits certain criteria.
A progressive is someone who wants to see more economic and social equality - and hopes to see more gains in feminism and gay rights. They're also supportive of social programmes directed by the state - and they'd like social movements have more power in the US.
Within the realm of progressive, however, there are different, warring factions, explains David Greenberg, the author of a book called Republic of Spin: An Inside History of the American Presidency.
One group is dominated by activists from social movements such as Occupy Wall Street and Black Lives Matter, he says, and the other is led by those who belong to the left wing of the Democratic Party (and aren't part of a social movement or cause).
Pretty much all of of these progressives "view politics as a bottom-up progress", says Julian Zelizer, an historian at Princeton, and they support the fight for social change. (Though not everybody is on the streets, clamouring for it.)
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Deep Root's database on the open Amazon S3 storage server highlights the years-long effort by companies to stockpile data about American voters. The database includes information from the 2008, 2012 and 2016 presidential campaigns. The 2016 files were not as comprehensive as preceding years.
The leaked data included posts scraped from Reddit. The text from those posts could be used for training computers to recognize language sentiment or to watch specific subreddits to see how people were feeling about political topics.
Some of the exposed information, like voter registration, is public record, but states have different ways of letting people access it and rules on how it can be used.
Related: 4 myths -- and facts -- about online security
This is the third time Vickery has found a huge portion of the national voter registration database leaked online. Amazon buckets -- where data is stored -- are private by default. Someone would have to configure the bucket to be public in order to be exposed.
What's also unknown is whether Vickery was the first person to notice the exposed information.
Related: Congressman: We need a National Guard for cybersecurity
If a bad guy accessed that data, it could be used for stealing someone's identity, stalking individuals or used as leverage for social engineering purposes (that is, tricking something like a phone company into giving someone else your data).
"There's a lot of people hunting for publicly exposed buckets for nefarious purposes," he said.
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Address for Directions:
245 Hofstra Northern Blvd
Hempstead, NY 11549
The Hofstra University Pride play and practice at the Hofstra Softball Stadium, located on the North Campus of Hofstra University. The Softball Stadium is located next to the Mack Sports Complex and across from the Hofstra Recreation Center.
The Stadium, constructed in 2000, provides a fine setting for collegiate softball action. Construction included sunken dugouts, outfield sod, a press box on top of the bleachers behind home plate, batting cages next to the dugouts and a bullpen area. Bleacher seating behind home plate, from dugout to dugout, accommodates nearly 1,000 spectators. Field dimensions are 190 feet down the lines and 220 feet to centerfield. Banners commemorating Hofstra's team achievements are displayed on the outfield fences, while plaques mounted to the facade of the Stadium showcase individual awards won by Hofstra Softball student-athletes.
Hofstra Softball Stadium has hosted five Colonial Athletic Association Championships, as well as NCAA Regionals in 2006, 2007 and 2008, and is also the site of the Catholic League High School Softball Championship. One of the finest softball facilities in the metropolitan area, Hofstra's Softball Stadium was also home to the New York Juggernaut of the National Pro Fastpicth League in the summer of 2005.
The Pride not only boasts one of the better softball facilities in the Northeast, but also has a first-class locker room. The locker room, located in the Physical Education Building, includes plush, wall-to-wall carpeting, oak lockers and an entertainment center with a television and stereo.
|Hofstra Softball Stadium
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Belk & Co.
14k Yellow Gold L Initial Earrings
Details https://www.belk.com/p/belk-co.-14k-yellow-gold-l-initial-earrings/5400406ZE90845L14.html
Orig. $325.00$39.99Clearance 39.99
Additional Information
These 14k yellow gold "L" initial earrings measure 6.35-mm in length and 7.62-mm in width.
Product Details
- Imported
Fabric & Care
- Clean with a soft bristle brush and warm soapy water. Use gold polishing cloth on gold items.
Shipping Details
Shipping Details
This item ships directly from the vendor, usually within 4 business days. Shipping Details
Due to shipping weight restrictions, this item cannot be shipped to a PO Box.
Return Details
Returns are easy at belk.com. Easy returns
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Mt. Mazama (GC123H6) – GEOCACHE OF THE WEEK – February 6, 2013
Nearly 7000 years ago, a massive volcano in southern Oregon, United States exploded leaving behind a collapsed caldera. Over the thousands of years that followed, the empty caldera filled with snowmelt and rainwater to form what is now known as Crater Lake. Geocachers from around the world have come to take in the amazing views, learn about this amazing location and find the Mt. Mazama Earthcache (GC123H6).
The explosion that destroyed the stratovolcano is said to have been 42 times more powerful than the Mt. Saint Helens eruption in 1980. In fact, the explosion reduced Mt. Mazama's original height by about a mile (1.6 km). Now, Mt. Mazama is more well-known for the result of the explosion: Crater Lake and Wizard Island.
"Crater Lake is such a beautiful place. We enjoyed our stay very much and also learned some new aspects about geology. Nature's forces are really overwhelming. Thanks for the learnings and the cache," said geocacher netteleut(h)e in a log to earn a smiley for the geocache.
At 1,943 feet (592m), Crater Lake is the deepest lake in the United States, second deepest in North America and ninth deepest in the world. Wizard Island is actually a small cinder cone volcano that was formed by continued volcanic activity after Mt. Mazama's big eruption.
This Earthcache puts you on the rim of Crater Lake, overlooking Wizard Island—but getting there is only one of the requirements for obtaining your smiley. Be sure to read the instructions and correctly answer the questions on the cache page before you log this geocache as "found."
Continue to explore some of the most engaging geocaches around the globe. Check out all the Geocaches of the Week on the Geocaching blog or view the Bookmark List on Geocaching.com.
If you would like to nominate a Geocache of the Week, send an email with your name, comments, the name of the geocache, and the GC code to email@example.com.


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If you've recently moved into a new house, you know how challenging it can be to make the place feel full of warmth and comfort. One room where coziness should always be a priority is the bedroom, but it can take an ample amount of time to create this in a new area without the right interior design. Here are some tips for choosing the right discount window treatments, linens and accent pieces to create a comfortable master bedroom in your new home.
1. Embrace natural light.
Natural light can warm up any room and it's the perfect way to make your bedroom feel more inviting. Consider bringing in wood blinds to create a sense of elegance while allowing sunlight to flow through the space. Sheer cellular shades can also permit light to come into the room, making it feel more spacious as well as cozy. Consider bringing in some mirrors to help reflect the illumination throughout the room.
2. Choose a comforter with care.
ApartmentTherapy.com states that the comforter and bedding you choose for your bed can make all of the difference when it comes to creating that "Welcome home" feeling. Look for plush, thick blankets that you can jump into and cuddle with at the end of the day. If you're going to invest big bucks on a piece of decor for the space, this should be it!
3. Select calming colors.
Neutral hues such as beige and chocolate brown are perfect for a brand new master bedroom that could use some help, according to Houzz.com. These colors can create a sense of calm, which is ideal for any bedroom. At the end of the day, simply draw your discount blinds, light a candle and settle in for the night.


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Welcome to Physiotherapy Choices, an initiative of the Centre for Evidence-Based Physiotherapy (CEBP). Physiotherapy Choices is a database designed for use by consumers of physiotherapy services, including patients, their friends and families, health service managers, and insurers. The database provides a catalogue of the best research evidence of the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions. Three sorts of research evidence are catalogued:
- 1clinical trials (individual research studies of the effects of physiotherapy)
- 2reviews (scientific compilations of the evidence from randomised controlled trials)
- 3and guidelines (recommendations regarding physiotherapy, based wherever possible on randomised trials and systematic reviews.)
Physiotherapy Choices catalogues only the best quality trials (randomised controlled trials), reviews (systematic reviews), and guidelines (evidence-based clinical practice guidelines). Trials, reviews and guidelines are usually published in scientific journals using medical terminology. However some are summarised in plain English for consumers. Physiotherapy Choices catalogues trials, reviews and guidelines with plain English summaries.
If you would prefer to read technical reports, rather than consumer summaries in plain English, you should visit PEDro (the acronym for the Physiotherapy Evidence Database) by clicking on the link in the navigation menu on the left side of the screen. You can search Physiotherapy Choices database by clicking on the Search button above.


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Recent Golden City Township Restaurant Reviews
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Photo: BurgerCheese.com Processed cheese is cheaper than natural cheese, making it popular with fast-food chains and restaurants. Processed cheese has emulsifiers to boost its taste, and with its u... read more
Why Are Chinese Restaurants So Similar?
Photo by John / Flickr This article may be my favorite of anything I have ever written. As someone who has observed the Chinese restaurant industry for decades, I often wondered how so many mom-and... read more
In the Los Angeles area, both the San Gabriel Valley and Chinatown provide hundreds of choices for authentic Chinese food. But few are aware of a collection of authentic Chinese restaurants tucked ... read more
Chinese food in Los Angeles is the best you'll find in this country. And yes, that means that Chinese food is better here than in San Francisco. But what qualifies me to make such a statemen... read more
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Blending fun with fashion, RVCA is synonymous with the active lifestyle. Pronounced "ru-kah", RVCA is one of the leading styles of skateboarding, surfing and snowboarding lovers. The brand is all about "today, tomorrow and life as the big picture." You can find t-shirts, boardshorts, traditional shorts, tank tops, sports and activewear and much more in the collections by RVCA. The brand blends together all lifestyles to create the perfect fit, the perfect community.RVCA began in 2001 by PM Tenore and professional surfer Conan Hayes. Tenore planned to promote RVCA to redefine the way people view life and art through fashion. He wanted to create a platform for RVCA, which combines art, music, fashion and a modern lifestyle in an original way. Showing how all the areas of the world coexist from water and oil to land and water is one of the designer's main forums. Many people spell the name out as R V C A. It's actually RUCA with a Roman V. Ruca means "clothes" in Greek. RVCA is now owned by the Australian company Billabong. The brand is sold worlwide and is seen in the skating and surf world on a daily basis. RVCA offers traditional t-shirts with a vintage dyed, soft fit. They often have fun artistic designs. Boardshorts are designed in many different patterns, prints and colors for every surfer's style. The everyday RVCA shorts are functional and comfortable at the same time, many even made with a soft viscose blend. There are even hoodies perfect to put on after a long day at the beach for a comfortable, fashionable fit. Many of the collections are a throwback to the vintage styles every man seems to love. Some of the collections focus more on function and vitality in styles. Whimsical prints and colorful styles in some collections offer a tribute to jazz and artists alike. No styles are plain or boring, just like you! RVCA is designed to create an entire world that is a united family, a close-knit community.Of course, you don't have to be a surfing enthusiast to love the iconic fashions. RVCA is highly involved in the arts and design world as well. It focuses on unique artwork for their designs and employ many designers with a special style. The brand is highly involved in the Artist Network Program (ANP). the ANP is a program that showcases artist whether unknown or known to inspire others and provide substance to culture. The brand also sponsors many UFC fighters. Overall RVCA is known for transcending boundaries of all sports bringing together eclectic styles every man will love.
RVCA is proud to be a part of the style world combining all sports and lifestyles together in one brand. Shop HisRoom for the latest styles by RVCA.


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Monday, May 18, 2009
Why TV sucks: Part five
Apparently, the use of sex to sell burgers never gets old. The absurd connection never fails to objectify women. It also never makes sense, and never ceases to make me angry.
Way to go, Arby's.
Other parts in this series: One. Two. Three. Four.
4 comments:
- WongoWoman said...
You can add the that Burger King's ads with women shaking their square butts in the air promoting of all things a Sponge Bob kid's meal. You can also add the Quizno's torpedo sub with the oven asking the moronic employee to "stick it in me". WTF? Who is producing these commercials? Joe Francis? MTV?
- May 18, 2009 at 1:44 PM
- Amelia said...
So true. I have seen the Burger King commercial (but forgot about it for this post), but I haven't seen the Quizno one. The horrible thing IMO is that these things pass as advertising. I thought the point was to see the product? What exactly does that have to do with body parts, largely those of women? It's disgusting.
- May 18, 2009 at 4:12 PM
- This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
- May 18, 2009 at 8:28 PM
- Amelia said...
I keep accidentally posting anonymous comments that break the comment policy. I guess I'm just overly-hopeful. :)
- May 18, 2009 at 9:19 PM
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


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Egypt's unrest has become the focus of the world's attention, with foreign and domestic pressure mounting each day, and on February 11th the Egyptian government announced that President Hosni Mubarak step down from the presidency. The move was met by celebration in the streets of the country and positive reactions from global markets.
Beginning with political unrest in Tunisia, riots, protests and uprisings against governments have spread across North Africa and the Middle East. Now, Bahrain, Yemen and Iran have staged similiar protests which have escalated and are being met with resistance from these governments. Although the protests range from non-violent to direct conflicts with security personnel, the scenes from these demonstrations are highly dramatic.
Unrest in Tunisia was sparked when a young man set himself on fire and eventually died. In the wake of this incident, the situation quickly got out of control. In the week since, Tunisia's President has fled the country, with similar self-immolation in places like Egypt, Algeria and Mauritania.
For images from protests that have occured across the Middle East over the past several weeks, click ahead.
Updated 15 Mar 2011


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Jewish World Review Sept. 26 , 2000 / 25 Elul, 5760
Roger Simon
You can't get any more simple than that.
If he boots this thing, if he blows a race that he once led by 17 points, the reaction from his fellow Republicans is likely to be savage.
"How many times are we going to nominate a moderate because we're afraid of what the media will say if we nominate a real conservative?" a Republican strategist active in presidential campaigning told me. "What is the historic argument for continuing to nominate moderate Republicans when conservative Republicans give us our big victories?"
Bob Dole's loss in 1996 was bad enough. But at least Dole could say he ran against a popular incumbent president.
What is Bush going to say?
That he ran against a guy who only a few months ago didn't know how to dress himself?
Bush looks into the abyss and sees the bones of his party's past nominees, those men, however good and smart and decent, who will always carry the label of loser.
But he looks across the chasm and sees the promised land. He will not get there because of Al Gore's mistakes; he knows that now. He will only get there through his own hard work over this week, culminating in a killer debate performance, a flawless campaign and a little luck.
Most polls currently have the race tied or Gore ahead narrowly. Where does Gore's lead come from?
Not just from women, as many thought. According to Gallup, since Labor Day, Gore has increased his standing among moderate Republicans by 11 percent and among independents by 26 percent.
But what the future brings is what counts. With Election Day just six weeks away, there is only one dramatic event left that can change a lot of votes: The presidential debates, which reach an enormous audience.
Originally, Bush planned on going into the debates with about a five-point lead in the polls, which meant all he had to do was survive. But now survival is not going to be enough.
"You have to turn off the TV at the end of debate and have doubts about who and what Al Gore is and whether you really trust him," said Stu Rothenberg, editor of the Rothenberg Political Report. "Bush must demonstrate competence and seriousness, and show that he really wants to become president and has something to accomplish."
Oh. Is that all.
Some Republicans on Capitol Hill point out that making up ground on Gore is difficult because he is a moving, almost twitching, target. Gore knows what it feels like to be down, and he doesn't want to be there again. It is what some call creative pessimism and what Gore calls "forward engagement."
Last week, for instance, Gore stood in front of a field of 200,000-gallon petroleum tanks in southern Maryland and called on President Clinton to release crude oil from the nation's Strategic Petroleum Reserve to help bring down the costs of home heating oil this winter.
Though Bush immediately attacked Gore for yielding to "public outcr,y" public outcry is exactly what Gore wants to respond to, especially if it's the outcry of people facing huge heating bills in critical Rust Belt and Northern states.
Bush battered away at Gore for being outrageously political and was probably not surprised when the administration said it liked Gore's idea so much that it was releasing even more oil than he asked for.
But Gore is not the only opponent Bush faces. Dissent within his own party grows louder.
"That team in Austin, they have run some great campaigns for governor of Texas, but this is not governor of Texas," said one Hill Republican. "They should have been looking for some outside help earlier."
The election is far from over, of course. Bush can and still may win, and some analysts think it is a good sign he is not farther down than he is. "I think he can still win," says Rothenberg. "He has had an awful month, everything has gone wrong, he lost all the advantages he once had, the race has changed in a way to create a favorable dynamic for Gore, but having said all that Bush is still probably down by only 4 to 7 points."
Though Bush denounces the "soft bigotry of low expectations" when it comes to school children, low expectations may be the best thing he has going for him today.
Should he deliver a powerful, dynamic and knowledgeable debate performance, the audience is potentially large enough to turn the election around.
"It's not whether you get knocked down that matters," his campaign manager,
Joe Allbaugh, reminds people. "It's how you pick yourself


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The Energy Saving Trust, is one of the UK's leading organizations set up to address the damaging effects of climate change. The company has worked on a research project designed to maximise energy efficiency within housing schemes, undertaking field trials of advanced heating controls in a sample of approximately 400 residential homes using Tinytag temperature data loggers.
James Russill, Development Manager at the Energy Saving Trust says:
Follow us on Facebook for all the latest news, updates and promotions
Data Acquisition Gemini TinyTag Data Loggers Food Processing
Address: 1480 Gulf Road, Suite 837,
PO Box 1280
Point Roberts, WA 98281
Tel:1.800.663.6001 or 1.604.925.6150
Address: 2454 Haywood Ave
West Vancouver, BC V7V 1Y1
Tel:1.800.465.0164 or
Address: 3075 14th Ave, Unit 219,
Markham, Ontario L3R 0G9


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Pirates edge Mets
Flushing, NY – Pedro Alvarez provided the go-ahead run in the eighth inning and the Pittsburgh Pirates' pitching stifled a sputtering New York Mets offense to take a 3-2 victory and capture their third win of a four-game set from Citi Field.
Alvarez's second hit of the day plated Pittsburgh's third run, and Jason Grilli tossed a 1-2-3 ninth inning to lock down his National League-leading 15th save of the season.
"We got a good group of guys in here," Grilli said. "We've worked hard and it's paying dividends."
Clint Barmes added a solo homer and the Pirates' pitching limited New York to just four hits on the day. Starter Jeanmar Gomez tossed five strong innings of one-run ball and retired the last 11 batters he faced.
Justin Wilson (3-0) picked up the win by striking out four in 1 1/3 innings of work.
Matt Harvey pitched seven innings for New York but didn't have his usual overpowering stuff, striking out a season-low four batters. He allowed two runs on five hits.
"I have to go out there and try to put up zeroes," Harvey said.
The only support for Harvey came on a solo homer from Lucas Duda and an RBI single from Mike Baxter, as the Mets went 1-for-7 with runners in scoring position and were outscored 23-10 over the four-game set.
Scott Rice (1-2) was charged with the loss after walking Andrew McCutchen, who scored the go-ahead run in the eighth.
With 12 more strikeouts on Sunday, the Mets have fanned 28 times over the last two days.
New York tied the game at 2-2 with a run in the seventh, but the Pirates jumped back in front the following frame.
McCutchen and Gaby Sanchez worked a pair of one-out walks and the Mets called upon their third pitcher of the inning, Bobby Parnell, after Brandon Lyon struck out Jose Tabata.
Alvarez laced an RBI single off the Mets' closer, and a fielding error on Juan Lagares in center put runners at second and third. Parnell prevented further damage, however, by getting Michael McKenry to line out to center.
The Mets had a chance to score in the bottom half of the eighth when they put runners on the corners for Ike Davis, but the struggling first baseman struck out for the second time.
Davis heard boos from the home crowd following every out of an 0-for-4 day, as his average plummeted to .180 on the season.
Duda tried to salvage the frame when he lined a shot off the first-base bag, but it caromed right to second baseman Brandon Inge and he retired Duda in plenty of time to end the inning.
Duda gave the Mets an early 1-0 lead when he lifted a second-inning offering from Gomez over the wall in deep center for his eighth homer of the season.
Barmes' shot into the left-field seats to lead off the third tied the game, and Pittsburgh jumped in front later in the inning when Garrett Jones lifted a sac fly into right with the bases loaded.
Mets catcher John Buck picked Barmes off second base to end the seventh and then drew a one-out walk while batting in bottom half of the frame. He moved to second on a Wilson wild pitch and got Harvey off the hook by hustling home on Baxter's bloop single into left to make it 2-2.
Baxter stole second and then swiped third on Wilson's strikeout of Lagares. Pinch-hitter Justin Turner couldn't bring him home, though, also going down swinging to end the inning.
Game Notes
The Mets have won only four of their last 15 games and went 7-for-40 with runners in scoring position during their six-game homestand ... Buck stole his first base since September 20, 2009 ... Pittsburgh won its first road series against the Mets since recording a three-game sweep of the club from April 16-18, 2004 ... Pirates catcher Russell Martin sat for the fifth time in the last six games with neck stiffness ... Prior to the game, New York placed pitcher Jeurys Familia on the 15-day disabled list and recalled pitcher Greg Burke from Triple-A Las Vegas.


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We end the month of June 2014 discussing many of the headlines everyone is talking about; Then it's the audience turn to choose what to talk about by calling in about anything. Call at 347 - 426 - 3933. Tweet us andrewtweetgio
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Andrew M. Giordano graduated from the College of Mount Saint Vincent in 2012 earning his BA in Communication with a minor in Political Science. He was the general manager of...Find out more »


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TERRE HAUTE, Ind. -- Senior Julian Strickland (Indianapolis/Pike) scored 33 points, including a crucial 3-pointer with 42 seconds to play, to lift the Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology men's basketball team to a 65-60 victory over visiting Mount St. Joseph Saturday.
The win propelled the Fightin' Engineers (12-3, 7-1) into sole possession of first place in the Heartland Collegiate Athletic Conference standings, while the Lions (9-5, 6-2) dropped into a two-way tie for second place with Hanover College.
Rose-Hulman also won its ninth consecutive game and seventh straight home game in the victory.
Strickland finished 11-17 from the field and 7-11 from three-point range in his fifth 30-point performance this season. He added five rebounds and was a perfect 4-4 from the free throw line in the victory.
Sophomore Jimmy Miller (Indianapolis/North Central) added 11 points, and junior Michael Hallstein (Hopedale, Ill./Olympia) contributed nine points off the bench for Rose-Hulman.
Other key contributors included senior Jordy Martin (New Albany) with four points and six assists; sophomore Tyler Duffy (Fishers/Hamilton Southeastern) with five assists and three points; and sophomore Matt Loesing (Elsberry, Mo.) with five rebounds off the bench.
Senior David Mann led Mount St. Joseph with 16 points before fouling out late in the second half. Joel Scudder also reached double figures with 12 points for the Lions.
Mount St. Joseph led for much of the first half, before Rose-Hulman rallied back to knot the score at 33-33 at the intermission.
The Lions led by five points early at 10-5 and 15-10, then extended the lead to as high as nine points at 30-21 with 3:46 left in the first half on a Scudder basket. The Fightin' Engineers closed the first half on a 12-3 run, highlighted by two three-pointers from Strickland and one by Martin, to tie the score.
In the second half, Mount St. Joseph again jumped out to a lead, this time by a 41-37 count on a Femi Thompson layup with 16:32 left. Rose-Hulman rallied to tie the game at 44-44 on a Strickland field goal at the 13:30 mark.
Duffy put the Engineers ahead at 46-44, before Mount St. Joseph scored six straight points to regain a 50-46 lead on a Mann trey at the 9:52 mark. Rose-Hulman battled back to earn a four-point lead twice, but Mount St. Joseph regained the lead again at 59-58 with two free throws by Andy Countryman at the 3:31 mark.
Rose-Hulman relied on its defense to secure the victory, holding the Lions without a field goal over the final 5:14. Strickland put the Engineers back in front 60-59 with two free throws at the 1:27 mark. After the Engineers forced a turnover, Strickland buried a three-pointer with 42 seconds left to give Rose-Hulman a four-point edge. Two more Strickland free throws at the 14-second mark finished the win.
Rose-Hulman stands 12-3 overall and 7-1 in conference play, while Mount St. Joseph dropped to 9-5 and 6-2 in league games. The Fightin' Engineers return to action at Hanover on Wednesday night.


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This strikes me as potentially big news:
Everett diagnosis takes positive turnI am truly happy for Kevin Everett, in that what appeared to be a catastrophic injury may yet yield the possibility for significant functional recovery -- though it is yet much too early to say.
Injured Bill moves limbs in 'unexpected' development
BUFFALO, N.Y. (AP) -- Kevin Everett voluntarily moved his arms and legs on Tuesday when partially awakened, prompting a neurosurgeon to say the Buffalo Bills' tight end would walk again -- contrary to the grim prognosis given a day before. [...]
Everett's agent, Brian Overstreet, also said Everett's mother told him the player moved his arms and legs when awakened from a deeply sedated sleep.
"I don't know if I would call it a miracle. I would call it a spectacular example of what people can do," Green said. "To me, it's like putting the first man on the moon or splitting the atom. We've shown that if the right treatment is given to people who have a catastrophic injury that they could walk away from it."
Green said the key was the quick action taken by Cappuccino to run an ice-cold saline solution through Everett's system that put the player in a hypothermic state. Doctors at the Miami Project have demonstrated in their laboratories that such action significantly decreases the damage to the spinal cord due to swelling and movement.
"We've been doing a protocol on humans and having similar experiences for many months now," Green said. "But this is the first time I'm aware of that the doctor was with the patient when he was injured and the hypothermia was started within minutes of the injury. We know the earlier it's started, the better."
This is, however, the first I have heard of this particular therapy. It is really no surprise. At out facility we have been performing therapeutic hypothermia for post cardiac arrest patients for a while now, and this is functionally the same thing.
The concept is simple: Neurons have a voracious appetite for oxygen, and when deprived of it, very quickly begin to undergo cell death. So, the theory goes, by dropping the body temperature very rapidly as quickly as possible after an anoxic insult to neural tissue, as the brain is deprived of oxygen during cardiac arrest, you can slow the metabolic rate and greatly reduce the magnitude of cellular damage. And since it is pretty clear that spinal cord injuries (SCI) have a fundamental mechanism of cord contusion/edema/anoxia as the actual mechanism of injury, it makes sense that this application might be beneficial for SCI.
We'll see if it's the real deal. And there's obviously a huge time-sensitive factor here, like for strokes, since neuron death occurs quickly. But it seems to this jaded eye that this is the first treatment for SCI that has actual promise. I look forward to seeing some real studies on this.
So can we stop wasting ten grams of Solu-medrol on all our SCI patients now?


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January 30, 2013
"I like to go to Reston Towne Center with my friend because there's a lot to do and it's all in one place. There's a movie theater that's designed like those old-style theaters from the fifties and an ice skating rink in the winter. There are also a lot of good restaurants, from Vapiano's to Big Bowl, that are perfect to get hot food on a cold day. There are so many different options, it fits whatever mood you're in." - Jolene Mafnas, 17, senior at Robinson Secondary School, Chantilly
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Mental health in L'Aquila after the earthquake
La salute mentale a L'aquila dopo il terremoto
Paolo StrattaI; Stefano de CataldoI; Roberto BonanniI; Marco ValentiII; Francesco MaseduII; Alessandro RossiIII
ICentro di Salute Mentale, azienda Sanitaria Locale 1, L'aquila, Italy
IIDipartimento di Medicina e Salute Pubblica;
IIIDipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi dell'aquila, L'aquila, Italy
INTRODUCTION: In the present work we describe the mental health condition of L'Aquila population in the aftermath of the earthquake in terms of structural, process and outcome perspectives.
METHOD: Literature revision of the published reports on the L'Aquila earthquake has been performed.
RESULTS: Although important psychological distress has been reported by the population, capacity of resilience can be observed. However if resilient mechanisms intervened in immediate aftermath of the earthquake, important dangers are conceivable in the current medium-long-term perspective due to the long-lasting alterations of day-to-day life and the disruption of social networks that can be well associated with mental health problems.
CONCLUSIONS: In a condition such as an earthquake, the immediate physical, medical, and emergency rescue needs must be addressed initially. However training first responders to identify psychological distress symptoms would be important for mental health triage in the field.
Key words: earthquake, natural disaster, mental health, resilience.
INTRODUZIONE: Il presente lavoro intende descrivere la condizione della salute mentale della popolazione dell'Aquila a seguito del terremoto in termini di prospettive di struttura, di processo ed esito.
METODO: È stata eseguita una revisione di letteratura relativa gli articoli pubblicati sul terremoto dell'Aquila.
RISULTATI: Anche se la popolazione ha manifestato un disagio psicologico importante, viene rilevata capacità di resilienza. Tuttavia, se sono intervenuti meccanismi resilienti nel periodo immediatamente successivo al terremoto, è verosimile considerare pericoli importanti a medio-lungo termine a causa della lunga durata delle quotidiane difficoltà di vita e della disgregazione delle reti sociali che possono essere ben associate a problemi di salute mentale.
CONCLUSIONI: In una situazione quale quella di un terremoto le esigenze immediate di soccorso per problematiche di ordine fisico, medico e di emergenza devono essere affrontate per prime. Tuttavia sarebbe importante la formazione dei soccorritori di primo intervento per identificare i sintomi di stress psicologico e permettere un triage per la salute mentale sul campo.
Parole chiave: terremoto, disastro naturale, salute mentale, resilienza.
Earthquakes represent a frequent kind of natural disasters throughout the world affecting numbers of people. Italy is one of the most seismically active countries in Europe: although 45% of the Italian territory, in which 40% of its population reside, is well known as at seismic risk, the communications of this knowledge are difficult and eventually not wide [1]. Earthquakes therefore often strike unexpectedly, threatening lives and leading to large scale destruction.
After a seismic swarm lasting some months, on 6 April 2009, at 3:32 am, an earthquake (Richter Magnitude 6.3) struck L'Aquila, Italy, a town with a population of 72 000 and a "local health district" (Azienda Sanitaria Locale) of 105 000 inhabitants. The L'Aquila earthquake caused the death of 309 people, with more than 1600 individuals injured, among which 200 were severely injured and hospitalized, and 66 000 displaced. Many buildings collapsed in the town of L'Aquila: most of it were completely destroyed. All residents were directly "exposed" to the disaster, though this clearly introduces a broad range of possible individual exposures. All peopleweredisplacedinlocationswithina150kmareafrom the town or in tents located in the urban area. Even 12 months after the earthquake, only 25% of the inhabitants were able to come back home. All experienced loss of property, damage to home, 5% were trapped under rubble with minor physical consequences, 15% lost a known person.
Many studies suggest that disasters and other traumatic events have short and long term health consequences, especially on the occurrence of psychiatric disorders including post-traumatic stress, major depression, and anxiety; on behavioural disorders such as those associated with substance abuse and domestic violence; and on functional disabilities [2, 3].
In the present work, we aim to describe the mental health condition of L'Aquila population in the aftermath of the earthquake in terms of structural, process and outcome perspectives.
The territorial facility for mental health in L'Aquila is the Mental Health centre of the National Mental Health care Service (NMHcS) to whom the residents of the "local health district" refer. Due to severe damages to the building where the facility was located, the territorial work continued under tents in a camp near the urban area [4].
The informative system (IS) of the territorial facility [5] recruiting the data related to the activities performed by the facility, was able to work from 1 July, with the loss of the first trimester after the earthquake data.
In the months following the earthquake the IS recorded a reduction (about 50%), in absolute numbers, of utilization of the facility with an increase of domiciliary interventions.
If absolute number of referrals is the numerator of the rate of the intervention on the catchment area population, the denominator is unfortunately uncertain. However, if we consider the number of residents displaced out of the health district territory, available from civil Protection Department, the percentage of referrals is not so far from that before the earthquake, or eventually not increased.
These observations cannot be considered of epidemiologic value, but are useful to understand what happened in the aftermath of the earthquake in terms of the principal territorial public facility utilization. Several factors can have intervened on these observations: due to the conceivable difficulties of the relevant precariousness of the working place, the data recording could not be of high quality; accessibility to the facility was reduced due to the displacement of the population in a wide area. In the new built communities, above all the camps with a population ranging from few hundreds to a thousand of persons, advanced medical presidiums (AMPs) were maintained for a longer period than 72 h requested by law, because of the persistent difficulties in the sanitary organization. The AMPs offered health assistance, of mental health interest also, representing as a matter of fact a filter to further specialized intervention. Accessibility reduction to the facility is mirrored by the increase of domiciliary interventions. Moreover it is likely that persons with psychological problems linked to the earthquake distress did not ask mental health intervention considering that several symptoms, such as re-experiencing of traumatic events, defensive avoidance and denial of trauma related memories and emotions, as a matter of fact core phenomena of the post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), was, if not of very high severity, almost common, relatively 'normal' or however 'conceivable' and not relevant for a specialist intervention.
A study assessing the pharmacoepidemiology of antidepressant and antipsychotic drug prescriptions after the earthquake by using an administrative database has been performed [6-8]. There is limited information on the pharmacoepidemiology of drug prescriptions after natural disasters. The need for immediate care for psychological distress can lead to an increase in psychotropic drug prescriptions. The degree of this increase could help estimate the level of emotional disturbances in the context of general post-disaster difficulties.
The study provided a quantitative evaluation of new prescriptions of antidepressants and antipsychotic using the administrative electronic database records of the National Health care Service of L'Aquila. Comparison of variation between the semester before and after the earthquake revealed a 37% increase in new prescriptions of antidepressants and a 129% increase of antipsychotics, especially in older people and females.
It is likely that low-dose of antipsychotics has been prescribed to treat agitation, anxiety, stress-related behavioural disturbances, or insomnia. In emergency situations, behavioural or externalizing problems could exceed mood or internalizing disorders leading to greater amount of antipsychotic than antidepressant prescriptions, driven by post-disaster mental health problems.
A further observation concerns the appropriateness of prescribed drugs to a potentially vulnerable group such as the elderly. The majority of prescriptions were likely made by primary care physicians. This may partly explain this somewhat unusual increase in prescriptions. An additional explanation for the increase in prescriptions is that in the newly built communities post-disaster, medical inquiry was increased overall as well as integrated into social and public activities.
It has been reported that antipsychotic medications have been disproportionately prescribed to elderly subjects; however after the Food and Drug Administration warning of association of antipsychotic use and increased mortality in dementia, a significant trend in prescription decline in elderly has been observed [9].
One potential outcome of these analyses is the opportunity to promote a more appropriate prescription policy, one that avoids possible longer-term iatrogenic problems; such a policy would have more than local impact and benefit. It is not known whether these prescriptions have been temporary, intermittent, or continuous. It is likely that this pattern of drug prescription cannot be considered a stable finding, but has to be considered in a short-term perspective that should be followed-up.
However this study lead to relevant information in drug prescription appropriateness in the aftermath of the earthquake representing a first set of data that should be regarded as a preliminary indicator of response for both the national system and for those subjects directly and indirectly affected by an earthquake. A pharmacoepidemiogical analysis that utilizes an administrative database may provide guidance to general practitioners and other health agencies in optimizing the management of emotional disorders in such emergency settings.
While evaluating the health-related impact of natural disasters, special attention must be paid to individuals affected by psychiatric disorders. Despite the substantial body of research linking stressful life events to the course of psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia or affective/mood disorders [10, 11], the literature on adaptive outcomes for people with psychiatric disorder is limited [see 12 for a review].
In the aftermath of the catastrophe (from week 3 to 8) people referring to NMHCS facilities in L'Aquila were asked for their subjective adjustment to the event [13]. These patients were simply evaluated by a Visual Analogue Scale with three anchor points ("better", "equal", "worse") in response to the question "How did you mentally feel after the earthquake?". In this short-termperspective, people with schizophrenia and mood disorders showed a better subjective outcome, while subjects presenting anxiety disorders felt worse. A not negligible amount of patients with schizophrenia and mood disorders even reported a feeling of improvement after the earthquake: among people in charge, only 25% of persons with schizophrenia and 26% affective disorders reported "worse" outcome. The remaining reported "equal" (57.1% and 57.9% ) or even "better" (17.9% and 15.8%). In a new evaluation in a medium term perspective (13-14 months), more than 60% of subjects refer to feel "equal" or even "better" than before the earthquake, independently from diagnosis, severity of illness, age or sex. It is likely that resilience facing to adversity might have a role in this observation. Resilience is a well-established item for describing and explaining unexpected positive outcomes despite high risk of maladjustment when exposed to psychosocial adversities [14]. Some individuals, even if facing most pernicious adversities, manage to avoiding psychological collapse and maintaining healthy adjustment. Resilience reflects a positive spectrum of adaptation/maladaptation in response to risk exposure [15]. Capacity for resilience in subjects with psychiatric disabilities does not end when a diagnosis of major mental disorder is made, even when struggling to recover from psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, resilience moderates depressive symptom severity in individuals exposed to different types of traumas.
The literature offers no descriptions of the adaptive outcomes of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) after natural disasters. This offers a special challenge to the scientific community. A study evaluating the adaptive behaviour of participants with ASD followed for 1 year after their exposure to the earthquake compared with an unexposed peer group with ASD, has been performed [16]. Exposed participants declined dramatically in their adaptive behaviour during the first months after the earthquake: a 30% decrease after 6 months. Immediate intensive post-disaster intervention allowed children and adolescents with autism showing a trend towards partial recovery of adaptive functioning: 15% lower than the baseline after 1 year of follow-up.
This observation reflects the dramatic life changes facing the participants and their families, who have faced uncertainty about their housing, work, health services, environment and social relationships. A partial throwback to relatively stable life conditions and immediate, intensive interventions after the disaster, permitted children and adolescents with autism to unveil a tendency to recover their adaptive functioning, although a complete recovery likely will take a longer time. This finding is encouraging for persons with autism and their families and caregivers, and indicates that not all is lost after a disaster, even in objectively hard conditions. Resilience and the recovery of predisaster functioning in youngsters with autism largely depends on their immediate inclusion in routine, intensive rehabilitation programmes and the steadying, as far as possible, of daily life routines. Public health services may consider collaborating with community partners, families and health services providers to improve post-disaster coping in people with ASD
Young population
Evidence of adverse effects (short and long term) can be found in questionnaires measuring psychological distress in general population samples. Using self reported questionnaires, such as trauma and loss spectrum self-report (TALS-SR) [17], the prevalence rates of full and partial PTSD in a population of young adults attending the last year of high school was investigated 10 months after the earthquake [18]. The results showed a PTSD diagnosis in 37.5% of the adolescents recruited. Further, another 29.9% of subjects reported partial PTSD. Similar rates were reported in previous studies on earthquake survivors despite studies in adult populations reported even lower rates [19].
Female gender was associated with significantly higher full-blown, but not partial, PTSD. Exploring symptoms of maladaptive coping that might have been developed as consequence of the earthquake exposure, a significantly higher number of women (almost double) than men reported they had stopped taking care of themselves while the opposite was reported for the use of alcohol or medication to calm themselves or to avoid engaging in risk-taking behaviours or suicide attempts. These data are in agreement with the observation [20] in a mixed sample of young psychiatric patients and high school/university students of a marked increase in substance abuse, speculating that this behaviour could be a reaction to emotional distress in the absence of other, more adaptive coping mechanisms.
This is in line with literature data suggesting higher rates of alcohol abuse or self harm behaviours in boys after a traumatic event [21]. These results confirm the pervasive effects of a disaster, such as an earthquake, for mental health in adolescents. Further, these results highlight the relevance of gender differences in the response to mass trauma that should be taken into account when facing such events.
In a sample of adolescents exposed to the L'Aquila earthquake 21 months earlier, the association of loss of close friends or relatives in the framework of the earthquake with full or partial PTSD has been investigated [22]. The results showed a PTSD diagnosis in 30.7% of the adolescents recruited, and a diagnosis of partial PTSD in a further 31.4% of subjects. Female gender was associated with significantly higher full blown and partial PTSD. The results confirm the pervasive effects of the disaster for mental health in adolescents particularly when this involved the loss of a significant other, either a relative or a friend. Traumatic bereavement, in combination with exposure to the trauma itself and to the life danger related to it, seems to be a major risk factor for mental health sequelae after a natural disaster such as an earthquake. Thus, our results highlight the need of further studies investigating the impact of traumatic loss in these populations.
Adult population
The temperament and character inventory-revised (TCI-R) [23] was administered 1 year after the earthquake to a community sample of adult subjects exposed to the earthquake and compared with nonexposed subjects, on the basis of the hypothesis that exposure to this trauma would have differentially affected temperament and character domains [24]. This is the first study comparing TCI-R dimensions in a population exposed to a severe natural disaster. Exposed young adult people, within 31-50 years, showed higher persistence (P) and lower harm avoidance (HA) than non-exposed. Persistent persons tend to perceive frustration and fatigue as a personal challenge. They do not give up easily and, in fact, tend to work extra hard when criticized or confronted with mistakes in their work. Persistence has been reported to relate to distress tolerance and it is considered an adaptive construct, a potentially protective aspect within the concept of resilient personality [25]. The pattern of high P and low HA could be a more adaptive reaction to trauma in this middle age sample.
On the other hand older exposed people showed a different pattern of response characterized by low self di-rectedness(SD)andatrendtowardhigherHAthantheir non-exposed counterparts. SD taps personality aspects related to identity, responsibility and achievement motivation: high scores on SD can be seen as indicative of mature and well-integrated personality functioning. SD is negatively correlated to trait anxiety and neuroticism. HA reflects a personality dimension associated with inhibition of behaviour and it is correlated with anxiety and neuroticism. In this case the personality response seems to be more maladaptive, older people being more sensitive to the distressing event. It is not surprising that citizens of different age experience differently the same kind of disaster. Changing perceptions, cognitions, resources, roles and responsibilities, all of them related to personality development, are likely to influence reaction to natural trauma. Interestingly, current findings are in line with the above reported independent study assessing the pharmacoepidemiology of drug prescriptions [8]. These two findings identify the same parallel and perhaps related conditions such as dysfunctional psychological adaptation in older people after trauma. The different pattern of adaptive/maladaptive TCI variation supports the view that age could differentially affect personality adaptation to a traumatic event.
Although important psychological distress has been reported by the population, capacity of resilience can be however observed. This is an important perspective, a step beyond a research establishing that severely exposed disaster victims merely develop psychological disorders. This perspective highlights the personal abilities that lead to maintain or recover mental health in spite of dramatic adversities [15]. Consideration of the features of the trauma the population experienced can help to understand this observation. An earthquake, such as the one that hit L'Aquila, is a catastrophe shared by the population as a whole. The social meaning of the care and rescues offered to the survivors can also have had a role in enhancing personal resilience. Resilience mechanisms are not restricted to the individual level but should be also considered to be the result of a variety of group-level (e.g., community and cultural) factors and their interactions [14, 26]. In the aftermath of the earthquake there may have been an increase in "social capital" [27] (i.e. everyone helping everyone else), which might have been protective. Social capital is a feature of social life - networks, norms, and trust - that enables participants to act together more effectively to pursue shared objectives. All people mature and thrive in a social context that has profound effects on how they cope with life's stresses.
However if resilient mechanisms intervened in immediate aftermath of the earthquake, important dangers are conceivable in a medium-long-term perspective. Other than the immediate effects of the disaster, the long-lasting alterations of day-to-day life and the disruption of social networks can be well associated with mental health problems including depression and hopelessness. Stores, bars, clubhouses, churches, squares and other aggregation places, where people can find social support, have been lost. Following many disasters, the loss of important attachments is a severe consequence, with social and community resources deteriorating just when victims need them the most.
The studies reported in this revision show that more research addressing the need of diverse populations would have been warranted. Different subgroups of the population are more or less likely to be affected, so that the required responses would have been tailored to their unique combination of risk and protective factors. The observations we report teach how relevant is to foster resilience and reduce vulnerability both in specific at risk target population, such as adolescents and elderly people, other than in the population at large.
The effects of a disaster are large and diverse, requiring responses that address several different outcomes, such as psychiatric disorders, generalized distress, physical illness and interpersonal problems. Mental health component is usually far down in the triage process after a major earthquake or natural disaster. Certainly, the immediate physical, medical, and emergency rescue needs must be addressed initially. However due to the relevance of mental health as a key component of public health response to mass trauma, training first responders to identify psychological distress symptoms would be important to allow for mental health triage in the field.
Conflict of interest statement
Authors report no financial relationships with commercial interests.
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Address for correspondence:
Paolo Stratta
Centro di Salute Mentale, Dipartimento di Salute Mentale
Azienda Sanitaria Locale 1, Via Bellisari
67100 L'Aquila, Italy
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Received on 9 August 2011
accepted on 19 December 2011