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Your Jeep - April 2014Posted in How To: Tech Qa on April 1, 2014
Stubborn Shifting TJ
I have an '03 TJ Wrangler Freedom Edition with the auto tranny. Over the past couple of months, I have developed a T-case issue. When I shift into 4-Hi it "pops" in like it should, but does not engage, and when I try to shift into 4-Lo, the shifter hangs and will not quite pull all the way up into gear. The suspension is original, and the T-case has worked for ten years. I have been in a 4x4 many times and know how to shift, but after ten years I am still a T-case noob. The Jeep runs great otherwise. I was hoping to get your opinion before taking it to a shop. I was describing my problem to some friends and one of them with an '02 TJ Sport with auto tranny said he had the exact same problem, so hopefully we can kill two birds with one stone.
Lee Shelp
Endicott, NY
You did not mention if your Jeep or your pal's had a body lift. This could cause a problem, as half of the shift linkage mounted to the frame and the other half is attached to the body, so when you move the body up the linkage moves and can bind. First step is to make sure that you are only trying to shift it into 4-Lo in Neutral or Park with an automatic. Otherwise, you may cause binding and damage. If that does not solve the problem and you don't have a body lift, I would first try adjusting the T-case shifter linkage and then go from there. The factory service manual says to adjust the linkage when the T-case is in 4-Lo since you can't shift it there, start with the T-case in 2WD. Now set the parking brake and climb under the Jeep and look for the shift rod that connects the shifter to the gear select lever on the T-case. There will be a bolt that when loose allows adjustment of the shifting mechanism. This occurs when a shaft slips through a collar with the loosened lock bolt. Loosen this bolt and make sure the rod that passes through the collar can move. You should now be able to shift the lever on the side of the T-case. If it's stubborn, try turning the driveshafts a little. If it's truly in 2WD, the next position of the lever should be 4-Hi, then Neutral, and lastly 4-Lo. If the T-case lever won't shift past 4-Hi and Neutral, there may be something wrong with your T-case and you should probably shift it back to 2WD and head to your local shop. If the T-case shifts into 4-Lo, you can now get back inside the Jeep and move the shift lever to the 4-Lo position—maybe even bungee cord it in place. Now crawl back under the Jeep and tighten the lock nut on the collar. Your shifter should now easily move through the four positions.
Now, if I can make a recommendation? I have two Jeeps each with aftermarket shifters that are much better than the factory setup. My '56 CJ-5 has the Novak #SK2X Shifter Assembly (PN SK2X, $156 plus about $33 for a shifter nob) and my '97 TJ has an Advance Adapters Jeep Wrangler TJ cable shifter for NP231 & NP241 (PN 715543, $249). These both shift like "budda" (that's butter to you and me) and offer positive engagement.
Bouncy ZJ
I was wondering if you guys can help me with my ZJ. I bought a 2-inch economy lift kit, and while I'm very pleased with the build quality, it seems that the rear shocks have trouble handling the mass of my old Grand. After a bump the Jeep bounces up and down two to three times before settling down. The kit came with new shocks, so I have trouble believing they are worn or mismatched. Is it possible that I over-torqued them and the shock bushings are twisted? Could a mistake on my end be the cause of this, or is it the shocks? I don't live in the U.S., so if there's a problem with the shocks, I might not be able to return them.
Jose Ojeda
Via email
Hmm , that does not sound right. I don't think you could have caused this with improper installation. The shocks should prevent your Grand from bouncing as you describe. I think I would try to return the shocks as soon as you can. Hopefully the company that you bought them from will make this issue right. Good Luck!
Low Is Where It's At
I installed a 4.5-inch spring-under Rubicon Express lift with their monotube shocks on my '79 CJ-7 a few years ago and got more lift than I needed. Now I'm trying to follow the fad that lower is better and also improve the ride quality of my Jeep. I'd like to lower the rear around 2-inches and the front around 1-inch, and the way I'm thinking to do this is by modifying the spring packs. My question is what leaf or leaves should I remove? The front pack has five leaves and the rear has six leaves. I've tried talking to RE about this, but somewhat understandably don't get a response. I know I could just buy new springs, but who wants to spend money? I wouldn't mind getting a more comfortable ride as a bonus, but also don't want to bend the leaves (I've got a spool in the rear and it winds the suspension up a bit). Thanks for the help.
Via email
Well, lower is better. Truly, but I am not sure you should just go pulling out leaves from your springs. This is because all the leaves in a pack work together to provide lift, but they also help keep each other from bending too much and being permanently damaged. If you pull only the shortest leaf, the next longest may get over flexed and could be damaged. You can try it, but you may end up hurting the whole pack. I think the easiest thing for you to do is to sell your springs and buy new ones. I don't think you'll have a hard time selling your springs as long as they are not damaged, and chances are you can sell them for close to the cost of new springs. Then you can swap to fully built packs that are sure to work, rather than experimenting with different leaves. Heck, you could go to the Rubicon Express 2.5-inch rear springs and find another company's 3-inch pack for the front and have the Jeep sit right where you want. Generally, flatter springs ride better than those with more arch. Just go with a trusted company like Rubicon Express for those CJ rear 3-inch springs.
If you do want to start building bastard packs (the nickname for pieced-together leaf springs), I'd try replacing some of the shorter leaves in your lift packs for similar length leaves from the stock leaf springs. These stock leaves should have less arch and thus should lower the arch of the whole spring. That way you still have the same number of leaves per pack, and the shorter leafs should help support the longer leaves on up in the pack.
No Lift TJ
Verne, you wrote an article a while back titled "No Lift TJ." I would like to get a little more information on that project. I am currently working on a LCG LJ with AEV Highline fenders that I installed earlier this year. I have had no problems running 33x12.50R15 Duratracs on OEM Ravine rims and the stock springs. I have 1.5-inch spacers, effectively giving me 4-inches of backspacing that provide ample space turning the wheels full lock without rubbing. This current set up allows the AEV fender flares to cover the tires, but just barely. I would like to upgrade the tires to 35x12.50R15s, but I am not sure if I can do this with my current setup or will need less backspacing. What wheels and backspacing did you use to clear 35s without a lift? Obviously, I want to avoid rubbing, but keeping my tire coverage legal in those finicky states is also important to me.
Via email
Dave, that was a two-part story that I wrote as a freelancer several years back. If my memory serves, at first I was running a set of 15x10 Mickey Thompson Wheels on the stock axles. I think those wheels had 3.75 inches of backspacing. Later I swapped axles and went to a 15x8 also with around 4 inches of backspacing. With the stock axles I got pretty good rear tire coverage with trimmed stock flares (and those tires were 13.50s so wider than yours), but a couple inches of the tire did hang out past the flare, especially with the wider wheels.
Having said that, I was lucky enough to never live where anyone seemed to care about tire coverage. I was once followed by a peace officer for several nervous minutes in Michigan near the Mounds Off-Road Park. I was pretty sure he was about to light me up, but I just kept on keeping on and he lost interest. That was the only time I even came close to being hassled by the law about the Jeep. I think its low stance had something to do with it flying under the radar (bad pun intended). I also did have rubbing at or near full-lock with the 35s. The tires lightly rubbed the control arms and the driver side would get pretty close to the steering box bolts at full stuff while turning right. I just lived with the rubbing, and it was not hard enough to damage the tires. If I were you and very concerned about getting hassled by the law, I would probably stick to the 4-inch backspacing wheels and either live with the rubbing, or if it really bothers you, you can adjust the steering stops on the knuckles to keep the tires out of the control arms. If you have aftermarket round tubular control arms, the worst you are gonna do is rub the paint off the arms.
As for the white and grey '98 "No Lift TJ," I sold it to a friend who made some improvements and still owns the Jeep. If you want to see some more pics of the Jeep and see what the current owner has done to it, look for me, Verne Simons, on facebook.com.
A TJ, Runnin' Hot!
You all have given me good advice in the past, so I'm bugging you with my latest problem. I have an '05 Wrangler LJ with auto tranny. I have Banks headers, Airaid intake, winch, aftermarket radiator, water pump and hood louvers (all to deal with heat). I also have various lift and suspension upgrades as well as the ELockers you suggested (great!), but I won't include those, since I don't think they have anything to do with the problem. I'm happy to give details if you need them. The Jeep does fine except when going up long grades at freeway speeds, especially if it's hot outside. Turning off the A/C helps, as does slowing down and turning off the overdrive. Eventually, the beast gets hot and I have to stop. It cools down quickly, though. We just got back from an extended run in 4-Lo with and without lockers and no heating problems occurred. It did start to heat up when I was late dropping into 4-Lo on a steep loose climb (from Bishop up to Coyote Flat with the Eastern Sierra 4WD Club.) I originally thought this was a cooling and airflow issue, but now I suspect some kind of expensive internal engine problem. What's your differential diagnosis? What diagnostics would you do and in what order? I'd appreciate any help you could provide.
Steve Adler
Via email
Editor Hazel responds: The 4.0L isn't an engine that has any inherent cooling issues. They're well sorted, especially in the TJ platform. I'd suspect ancillary components first. Start easy. Check your coolant level, radiator cap. Do you have a functioning radiator overflow system? Also check for leaks that could depressurize the cooling system. You'll smell sweet coolant if it's a pressure issue. Then move to the mechanical fan clutch. Chances are it has gone bad. Wiggle the fan back and forth to check for play in the clutch. Also, with the engine off and cold, try to spin the fan. It should turn, but as soon as you take your hand away it should stop immediately. If it continues turning, the viscous material inside isn't doing its job and the fan is essentially freewheeling when the engine is warmer and the clutch is needed. Short answer, it's cheap insurance to just replace the clutch with a HD one, especially if you rockcrawl. If that checks out okay, dive into the engine and check the thermostat. On injected, computer-controlled Chrysler engines, it's always best to use a factory-spec thermostat. I'm only going by memory, but I believe the 4.0L has a 195-degree thermostat. Resist the urge to use an aftermarket 180- or 160-degree unit.
Water pump? Is the impeller loose when you wiggle it? If so, forget the factory offerings and replace it with a Flo Kooler pump. They really do make a difference. Pull the dipstick after the engine sat overnight and check for signs of water in the oil. If none is evident, check again after driving the vehicle. If it's bad the oil will be whipped up and light like a milkshake. That would most likely be an indication of a cracked head or bad head gasket. A further test for the cracked head would be to check for hydrocarbons in the antifreeze. Napa sells a kit under PN 700-1006 to test your antifreeze for a cracked block, bad head gasket, etc. You put a sample in, add the test fluid, and watch to see if it turns from blue to yellow. If so, there's a combustion leak inside the engine.
A JK With Air to Spare
I purchased a Viair 450 on board air compressor for my '08 JK Unlimited X. I'm running a RE 3.5-inch lift with 35-inch Maxxis Trepadors. The Easy part was installing the compressor on a Synergy Brake Boost Mount, purchasing and installing a Daystar Lower Dash Switch kit and switch for control, installing the pressure gauge into the dash between the two upper air vents (there's plenty of room), plus adding chucks at all the convenient points around the Jeep. Now on to the hard part. Where do I put the tank? Do you have any experience with the mounts to install a tank between the radiator and the harmonic balancer? This seems…dangerous to me. Since I'm the first fool in my group to do this, any suggestions would be greatly appreciated!
Mike Chapman
Via email
Editor Hazel and Simons reply: For starters, you don't absolutely need the tank, but it's nice to have that reservoir for a full-power burst from an air tool or to seat a tire bead. I understand why you'd want to keep it. Second, that space between the engine and bumper is a frontal-crash crumple zone. It's there for a reason. Sure, heavy-duty front bumpers and so on change the characteristics of the factory-designed energy absorption, but I'm with you in that it wouldn't make me all warm and fuzzy mounting my air tank there. Finally, since you have an Unlimited, you have a bit more space to work with. If you're still running your factory exhaust but have plans to swap it out, now would be the time to have the muffler relocated from behind the rear axle to alongside the rear driveshaft. You'd have to use a smaller muffler like a Flowmaster Hushpower, but it can be done by a qualified exhaust shop. Keep the tailpipe exit under the rear bumper for sound and fumes. That will free up some space to mount that tank up to the tub where the huge OE muffler used to be. Another option is to use a section of tubing as a tank. This could be a winch or grille hoop on your front bumper or part of the rollcage. Just make sure that the tube you want to use as a tank has good welds and is closed off on all sides.
ZJ Coils on a TJ
While you were messing with putting ZJ springs in the front of your '97 TJ, did you take the time to see if rear ZJ springs would fit under a TJ? I have a '98 that's a little saggy in the back, and if I can raise it a little over stock height, I'd be a happy camper. And if they do fit, it will be an easy swap, as the shocks don't go through the springs. Any idea if they fit before I go messing around or start spending money? By the way, your 3-Day-for $3K put the final nails in my coffin. My grandsons and I have been looking for a YJ to start messing with so that I could give my TJ to the oldest one and I'd drive the YJ. Well, your article made me do it. Actually found one with less than 110,000 miles and no Bondo. Already ordered the "rotating assembly" to turn it into a 4.7L stroker. (Personally, I would have preferred a CJ or even a flat-fender, but I think they're too young to appreciate what it takes to keep them on the road.)
Jim Fry
Via email
Jim, I never did try ZJ rear coils in my TJ. I'll have to dig into that more, but I don't think they are the correct length to work on a TJ. I also have heard of people using Crown Victoria rear springs in a TJ for some lift, but again, I have not tried that. Back to the junkyard! Yay.
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DailyDirt: How Long Can Food Last?
from the urls-we-dig-up deptPreserving food in various ways has been a pretty important part of developing stable societies. Without a reliable food supply, it's kind of hard to move forward and to do anything other than creating a stable food chain. But with modern food processing, food can last indefinitely... though it may have gone a bit too far. Here are just a few quick links on a how a few foods stand up to somewhat extreme conditions.
- There's at least one Twinkie that lasted about 30 years with only a slight bit of mold growth. It's been a few more years since the last story on it, so maybe the mold finally finished it off.... Anyone have an update? [url]
- Happy Meals seem to be happy for a pretty long time, too. It's not like people *want* fast food to get moldy really quickly, but it'd be nice to find out which burger out there goes bad the fastest. (No cheating by humidifying them!) [url]
- A 20-day-old radish will last about 30 minutes in the vacuum of space -- and still grow after returning to normal Earth conditions. Unprocessed foods seem to be pretty tough, too. [url]
- For best results, though, food flavors are usually fairly sensitive to temperature. Cold tomatoes and skunked beer are just a couple examples. [url]
- To discover more food-related links, check out what's floating around in StumbleUpon. [url]
Companies: mcdonald's


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Bungled business efforts can lead to embarrassment, evidenced by the recent Northwest Airlines flight that overshot the Minneapolis airport by 150 miles due to allegedly distracted pilots.
Similarly a huge error can also occur in agriculture if U.S. crops are exported without a thorough understanding of the destination country's maximum residue level (MRL) requirements for pesticide tolerances. Foreign governments can turn away crops at ports resulting in large financial losses to agricultural businesses.
Exports must be problem free, says Jim Cranney, president of the California Citrus Quality Council (CCQC), Auburn, Calif.
"You want to stay away from MRL problems in the international marketplace," Cranney said. "You will lose your tail if you have an MRL violation in overseas markets. Many governments tend to be rigid on this issue. Japan tends to be downright uncooperative.
"The Korean or Taiwanese government saying there is a MRL violation and they don't want the product is a terrible position to face when you have a $15,000 to $20,000 load of product," Cranney said.
MRLs were an overlying theme at this year's California Association of Pest Control Advisers annual meeting held in Sparks, Nev., in October.
A MRL discussion panel included Cranney; Gabriele Ludwig, associate director of environmental affairs, Almond Board of California, Modesto, Calif.; and Walt Bentley, integrated pest management (IPM) entomologist, University of California Kearney Agricultural Center, Parlier, Calif.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets MRL levels for domestically-grown and consumed crops. Foreign countries set their own standards; sometimes higher or lower than U.S. tolerances. Some foreign countries accept Japan's MRLs as their own.
"The MRL issue is important in all markets, but Japan tends to be very problematic," Cranney explained. "Japan tends to be a driver for all the other markets."
Japan is the leading importer of U.S.-grown citrus, and is followed by Canada and Korea.
Understanding MRL levels (tolerances) is crucial to U.S. agriculture as one out of every three planted acres is exported. In California, 70 percent of almonds are exported, 57 percent — pistachios, 45 percent — walnuts, 40 percent — rice, and 38 percent — fresh oranges and orange juice.
Cranney urged PCAs who advise on citrus to be aware of the primary crop destination, domestic or export, and to stay abreast of ever-changing tolerance issues. Determine which crop protection materials can and cannot be used in each country and determine the accepted chemical tolerances.
Two MRL informational resources include the CCQC Web site, http://www.citrusresearch.org, and the USDA-Foreign Agricultural Service's http://www.mrldatabase.com Web site providing MRL listings by chemical, commodity, and country.
China is changing the rules on international MRLs, says Gabriele Ludwig of the Almond Board of California. China's own food safety standards have been questioned in recent years.
"In terms of exports we have generally played the odds that we would not be tested at the point of import. Those odds have changed," Ludwig said. "International MRLs have become much more critical to crops that are export dependent."
About 30 percent of California almonds are exported to the European Union (EU). The EU default MRL tolerance is .01 part per million (ppm) while Canada's current .1 ppm default tolerance will be changed soon.
Ludwig offers advice to PCAs who advise on almonds. Almonds are California's top exported crop sold to more than 100 countries.
Since California almonds are typically sold to a handler, PCAs should ask the handler which market the almonds will likely enter to determine if a MRL issue exists, Ludwig says. Almonds are exported to countries in lots based on quality and size. She recommends finding out which countries the handler works with and those they do not.
Ludwig encourages PCAs to talk with the chemical registrant. MRL tolerance numbers can vary across regulatory agencies in the world, but actually are the same. EPA sets the tolerance based on the active ingredient and breakdown products. Japan's MRL process is different.
Despite the hull and shell that shield the almond nut, MRL residues are found in the nut in the parts per billion range.
While pesticides are applied in the field, chemicals are also used in handler facilities. Ludwig suggests more research, education, and Extension focus is needed in pest management on the handler side.
A PCA in the audience asked if pesticides remain a major issue even when processing (wine for example) removes the residue. Ludwig responded, "There are different answers in different markets. Japanese buyers want to know what you applied; not what's there."
Another PCA noted that many large almond processors blend almonds from different growers. He asked how PCAs can control tolerance levels when a load for export can contain different pesticides.
"The almond industry currently does not have traceback to the field, but food safety will change that equation," Ludwig said. "We are finding more demand for field traceback … If there is a problem it just won't be grower 'XYZ' but the almond industry. The choices at the grower level and in the field impact the marketplace. The marketplace is changing what PCAs do in the field."
IPM entomologist Walt Bentley said MRLs are a growing issue abroad for exports of California table grapes and stone fruit. About 40 percent of California table grapes are exported cashing in about 55 percent of gross income. About 45 percent of the Golden State's stone fruit crop, about 50 percent in gross profits, is exported.
"If you are selling grapes and stone fruit to a country that has a different regulatory basis on compounds, you don't want your product getting stuck in a port where you lose the whole ballgame," Bentley said. "It's not like in the U.S. where if Wal-Mart doesn't take it you can move it somewhere else."
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com">firstname.lastname@example.com
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com">firstname.lastname@example.com


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Fordham Conversations: Dyslexic and Proud
This week we learn what it is like to live with Dyslexia.
The International Dyslexia Association defines dyslexia as "a specific learning disability that is neurological in origin." But members of a boarding school for dyslexic students in Dutchess County, New York don't use the term "disability."


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Well, someone was in the Valentine's Day spirit! From the red velvet to the pink flowers to the...snuffaluffagus pelts? Zac Posen, who showed this morning, is clearly feeling the love.
Worthy of a Victorian valentine, no?
I believe the word "flirty" is apt here.
The Love Story iteration.
The return to the feminine is Big at the tents. It's hard for the little girl in us - or the teen who couldn't afford Betsey Johnson's punky florals - not to covet this, just a little.
Okay, maybe more than a little.
Harlequin-style executives are a trend I hope will never die, even as we can all hear the clock ticking.
At points, the clothes seems almost, well, utilitarian! Check the separates.
And this muted bit of neutral chic.
Even this seemed like a restrained take on some of the designer's glamorous, graphic faves.
And then...we hit the furs.
And if that's too much for you?
All this, by the way, he owes to 'Bucks. Note a disdainful Miss J.
[Images via Getty]


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Last year, Ravens coach John Harbaugh won a Super Bowl. This year, he secured something even more rare.
On Friday, a statue was unveiled in his honor at Miami of Ohio's "Cradle of Coaches," a bronze gallery of tributes to coaching legends who played college football at the school.
"There's nothing like the Cradle of Coaches. I don't think there's a bigger honor in coaching," Harbaugh said, via the team's official website. "People may not understand that, but once you take a look at it, it means a lot."
The Ravens' website has video of the unveiling, which fortunately (or perhaps unfortunately) wasn't disrupted by Mr. T.
The throng of 260 family members, friends, and colleagues who attended a Friday night dinner in Harbaugh's honor included a surprise visit from John's brother, Jim, head coach of the 49ers.
"There have been a lot of proud moments but I've never been more proud of him than I am today," Jim said at the celebration. "I always prided myself on being the tallest Harbaugh, but that all changed today when they unveiled that statue."
John Harbaugh played college football at Miami in the early 1980s.
"I wasn't a really good football player, but I was the best football player I could ever be," John Harbaugh said. "And there were a lot of challenges and a lot of difficult things. But then 10 years later, or 15 years later, or 30 years later, you have a chance to look back and you understand why you were there at that time with those people."
Harbaugh's likeness joins Paul Brown, Bo Schembechler, Weeb Ewbank, Earl Blaik, Carm Cozza, Paul Dietzel, Ara Parseghian and John Pont in the grove of statues outside Yager Stadium.


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By Jack Hough
Travel stocks have taken flight. The median U.S. stock rose just 1% this year, but TripAdvisor (TRIP) is up 72%; Expedia (EXPE), 63%; and Priceline (PCLN), 38%.
TripAdvisor, which was spun off from Expedia in December, specializes in user reviews of hotels and makes most of its money from click-based advertising. Expedia and Priceline book flights, hotel stays and car reservations in exchange for a cut that's negotiated with the supplier.
It's not just dotcoms that are rising. Hoteliers Marriott International (MAR) and Wyndham Worldwide (WYN) are up 27% and 33%, respectively. Even Delta (DAL) and United Continental Holdings (UAL) are up 27% and 21%.
The travel industry is economically sensitive, and gross domestic product growth in the U.S. has been slowing. Why, then, are the stocks doing so well?
The travel websites make more money from hotels than from air travel, and the hotel industry is recovering. PwC, an accounting and consulting firm, reports that business travel is picking up, particularly in the finance and technology industries, and that consumers who have put off spending on cars and appliances have resumed traveling for leisure.
Average daily room nights have now surpassed their 2007 peak. Supply growth is minimal: 0.6% per year, after subtracting for removals of closed hotels. PwC expects the U.S. occupancy rate, a key driver of profits, to rise to 61.3% this year, from 60% last year. Hoteliers, meanwhile, continue building overseas in fast-growing markets like China.
Airlines don't have it quite as good. Airlines for America, a trade group, forecasts flat spending on U.S. flights this year. Earlier this month, the International Air Transport Association reaffirmed its forecast for global airline profits of $3 billion this year — down from nearly $8 billion last year and $16 billion in 2010.
But much of the profit squeeze is owed to higher fuel costs, and the price for Brent crude oil has fallen about 13% this year. Given that profit margins for airlines are thin, any drop in fuel costs could make a big difference. And mergers, like a 2009 one between Delta and Northwest and a 2010 one between Continental and United, are gradually yielding lower costs and stronger pricing.
Investors should think twice before buying into the travel stock rally, however. The aforementioned airlines trade at only around five times this year's earnings estimates–a seeming bargain compared with the S&P 500 index, which trades at 13 times earnings estimates. But the discounts reflect the fact that both companies carry heavy debt and have a history of volatile profits.
The rest of the group sells for plenty more. TripAdvisor is at 29 times earnings; Expedia 17 times; and Priceline 20 times. Expedia shares lost 2.7% Wednesday after Jake Fuller of Lazard Capital Markets cut his recommendation to hold from buy, citing an "aggressive" valuation and "decelerating U.S. bookings growth". Marriott sells for 22 times earnings and Wyndham, 16 times.
Each of these companies is generating healthy profit growth and a continued rise in hotel demand could send their shares higher. But with the broad market looking inexpensive and the economy, wobbly, there seems little reason to pay top dollar for a bet on travel.


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1500 Thread Count Cayenne Red Pillowcase Set
Rest your head on dreamy soft comfort of this 1500 thread count pillow case set in cayenne red.
Performance and luxury best describes the benefits of Dreamweave sheets and pillowcases. These fabulous 100% Microfiber pillowcase sets are woven to a superior 100 GSM with super-fine, super-soft microfiber. This incredible, light-weight, breathable fabric is comfortable in any climate and adjusts to your perfect sleep temperature. The very fineness of the fibers gives them unique and desirable properties. The many fine fibers packed together create:
- Amazingly soft lightweight fabric with luxurious drape
- Incredible resiliency and resistance to wrinkles and shrinking
- Durable fabric, renowned for it's longevity and resistance to pilling
- Porous yarns provide breathability and wick moisture away for a more comfortable sleep
- Transfers body heat to adjust to your perfect sleep temperature
- Micro-fine fiber surface area allows deeper, richer colors that won't fade
- Dense, fine weave, is almost impenetrable to allergens such as pollen and dust mites - perfect for those with allergies
Available in 12 colors to compliment any decor. King and Standard Size sets avaiiable.
2 Piece Pillowcase Sets include:
- 2 pillow cases
- 4 inch hem
- elegant embroidered design
- King Size Pillowcases: 40 x 20"
- Standard Size Pillowcases: 30 x 20"


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Striking Matches Prepare Debut EP – Exclusive First Listen
Nashville duo Striking Matches are preparing to release their debut EP -- and they're excited. The self-titled project introduces Sarah Zimmermann and Justin Davis, two Belmont University students influenced by everyone from Jerry Reed and Patsy Cline to the Beatles and John Mayer. Interested in hearing the release before you buy it? Taste of Country has the exclusive first listen of 'Striking Matches.'
"Justin and I are so excited to share this music with our friends and fans," Zimmermann gushes Taste of Country. She and her bandmate were paired up by a professor at Belmont before nervously taking the stage in front of a classroom full of guitar majors. That was 16 months ago. Since then, they've been writing and performing nonstop.
And it has paid off.
"We feel like this is a really great first look at where we want to go on our musical journey," the 22-year-old from Philadelphia adds, noting that they wrote each of the four songs. Davis came to Nashville from Atlanta. He harmonizes with Zimmermann on all but one song, 'Blame It on Me.' Here, they reverse rolls. Throughout the set, both artists trade guitar licks and riffs.
Striking Matches' sharp songwriting mixes with banjo and mandolin to create a folk-country sound comparable to early Little Big Town. The EP will be released to the public on Oct. 2.
Listen to Striking Matches, 'Striking Matches'


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SPRINGFIELD, Mass. - Led by sophomore Hulerie McGuffie's (Lynn, Mass.) fifth place finish in the 60 meter dash the women's track and field team posted a 20th place finish at the 2014 NCAA Division III New England Championship meet hosted by Springfield College Saturday afternoon.
The Lynn native recorded a final time of 7.91 seconds, which stands as the second fastest time in program history in the event. McGuffie broke the program record last week at the Little East Conference/New England Alliance championship meet. Due to the size of the track they were only able to compete in the 55 meter dash, but when her time was converted it set a new program best of 7.89 seconds.
Her time of 7.91 earned her fifth overall as she was the only sprinter from the Little East Conference to qualify for the finals.
Also competing in the 60 meter dash was sophomore Anisha Trappier (Taunton, Mass.) and senior Renee O'Brien (Stoneham, Mass.) as the two finished tied for 27th place with their times of 8.13 seconds respectively. Krista Ledin (Bridgewater, Mass.) 8.14 seconds in only her second meet with the program.
In the 4x200 meter relay Trappier, O'Brien, Ledin and McGuffie recorded a combined time of 1:46.26 to finish in fourth place overall. In the 4x400 Ari Leao (New Bedford, Mass.), Anitra Kloczewiak (Newton, Mass.), Danny Valeri (Leominster, Mass.), and Angelica Pizzi (Milton, Mass.) posted a time of 4:40.30 to finish in 21st place overall.
Track and Field returns to action next Friday and Saturday when they compete in the NEICAAA Championship which will be hosted by Boston University.


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No one gave Steelers running back Rashard Mendenhall much chance of making it back from a torn ACL in time to play in the Steelers' season opener, but he took a big step toward doing just that on Wednesday.
Ed Bouchette of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette reports that Mendenhall, who got rave reviews from the Steelers after Monday's practice, went through a full practice with the team again on Wednesday. That includes 11-on-11 drills, practice time that is usually reserved for players that are expected to play a role in that week's game. Per Bouchette, Mendenhall wore no brace or band on his knee as he went through the session.
Getting back on the field after having surgery to repair his injury in January would be awully fast, but Mendenhall has been taking steps faster than anticipated all throughout the offseason. There were fears that he'd miss the entire season then that he would start the year on the PUP list. Even when he was activated from the PUP list, the thought was that Mendenhall would be a bystander for the first few weeks of the season.
Now it looks like Mendenhall's got a shot at playing against the Broncos. Or at least that the Steelers want the Broncos to think he's got a shot at playing. We'd say he's likely to play a supporting role to Jonathan Dwyer or Isaac Redman if he does play, but, at this point, it's probably best to just wait and see what Mendenhall can do next.


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Chocoholic: No Bake Chocolate Cheesecake
Liz Gutman of Liddabit Sweets shares weekly recipes, profiles, techniques, reviews, and sundry other chocolate-related tidbits.
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All About Cheese
Everything you need to know about eating and cooking with curds
Two things which I think intimidate most people about making a cheesecake are knowing when the cheesecake is done, and the wait. A baked cheesecake normally takes about an hour to bake, and then another 6 hours to chill and set. And how can you tell if it has baked enough? Technically a baked custard, cheesecakes should still jiggle when taken out of the oven. But because of the usually high ratio of eggs in the batter, pulling it out when it's too jiggly could leave you with an undercooked center (I speak from experience).
No-bake cheesecakes have neither of these problems. Compared to their baked counterparts, these take a modest amount of time to make: the eggless cream cheese and confectioners' sugar batter is whipped till light, spooned into an unbaked cookie crumb crust, and then chilled for an hour or two (or less) to allow the softened cheese to firm up. And because it's no-bake there's no stressing about when it's done.
Texture-wise, baked and unbaked cheesecakes differ slightly—the lack of eggs make a no-bake cheesecake slightly denser, but it's still every bit as creamy. Here, the addition of chocolate pushes an already rich dessert completely over the top. To start, chocolate cookie crumbs form the crust. And melted bittersweet chocolate not only makes this cheesecake super chocolatey, but helps to firm it up as it chills. So no more excuses. No bake cheesecakes make making (not baking) cheesecake a piece of cake.
About the Author: Yvonne Ruperti is a food writer, recipe developer, former bakery owner, and author of the new cookbook One Bowl Baking: Simple From Scratch Recipes for Delicious Desserts (Running Press, October 2013), and available at Barnes & Noble, IndieBound, Powell's, The Book Depository. Watch her culinary stylings on the America's Test Kitchen television show. Follow her Chocoholic, Chicken Dinners, Singapore Stories and One Bowl Baking columns on Serious Eats. Follow Yvonne on Twitter as she explores Singapore.
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This post may contain links to Amazon or other partners; your purchases via these links can benefit Serious Eats. Read more about our affiliate linking policy.


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Jmehler needed a new banner ad design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 85 designs submitted by 38 freelance designers.
Wealthy Web Writer
Wealthy Web Writer is an online membership site that provides a comprehensive resource and community for anyone seeking to become or already working as a web copywriter.
Whether you're looking to learn new skills, improve the ones you have, stay on top of industry changes, find clients who value those skills and are willing to pay top dollar, or take your web-writing business to the next level, Wealthy Web Writer is a one-stop shop
Anyone intersted in writing for the web, and looking for more tools, resources, and a way to stay on top of the latest trends in the industry.
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One of the many things I adore about my fiance is how perpetually generous he is -- especially when it comes to tipping. He pretty much assumes, without question, that any server at any restaurant we go to is getting 20+ percent (unless they somehow screw up big time). And it isn't because he's showing off or wants to look a certain way to me or anyone we're dining with. It's because he genuinely believes in tipping well. Because all too often, waiters and waitresses are making next to zilch outside of their tips.
But as sweet and generous as it is, my fiance's philosophy is not necessarily the only one. Zagat surveyed 1,719 people to see what's normal, what's stingy, and what's extreme when it comes to tipping, and sheesh, people have a lot of weird eccentricities when it comes to gratuity -- which really seem like practices to avoid!
For instance, it's always been super-bizarre to me how some people calculate their tip before tax. Why would you do that? Tax is just a part of the bill. Seems to me like tipping on the pre-tax amount would just be a not-so-sneaky way of shortchanging your server. And yet 38 percent of people surveyed do this. Weird!
Another quirk: 10 percent of people said they tip more when they're dining at a fancier restaurant. Hmm. So that chain restaurant employee doesn't deserve as much as the guy at the fancy French place written up in the Times? Lame. Thankfully, the majority -- 85 percent of people -- tip the same percentage regardless of place.
Strangely, though, when the food is being delivered to your home instead of a table at a restaurant, the majority of people only tip 10 percent versus almost 20! What the heck? You'd think someone schlepping food to your front door would deserve more than a waiter carrying it from the kitchen to your booth!
But guess this is just what happens when there's no one standardized way of tipping in our culture. It's so subjective and individualized, people in the food biz probably just resign themselves to receiving everything from awesome to decent to totally horrible tips. That said, I really can't blame some restaurants for adding gratuity automatically to the bill!
What do you believe are tipping no-nos and must-dos?
Image via Iwona Erskine-Kellie/Flickr


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Students are paying more of the share of their education's cost at the same time subsidies for public colleges and universities have hit a low for the decade. During that same period spending on students at community colleges has dropped to its lowest level as well.
These findings are tucked inside the results of a newly published report by the Delta Cost Project, a long-time research effort that analyzes questions about institutions of higher education and money — where the money comes from, where it goes, what tuitions pay for and what the relationship is between spending and outcomes. The National Center for Education Statistics maintains the Project's database as part of its Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). IPEDS conducts annual surveys gathering information from every college, university and technical and vocational institution that participates in the federal student financial aid programs. The analytical work of the Project is performed by the American Institutes for Research (AIR).
The latest report looks at survey results from 2001 to 2011. Findings include:
"Students are paying an ever-larger share of the costs colleges and universities incur to provide an education — particularly students at public institutions," report lead author and AIR principal researcher Donna Desrochers said in a statement. "Research universities are still feeling the recession's aftermath, with academic spending per student declining for two years straight while spending at other four-year institutions rose."
About the Author
Dian Schaffhauser is a senior contributing editor for 1105 Media's education publications THE Journal and Campus Technology. She can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com or on Twitter @schaffhauser.
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Hotels CMS Templates
We have a collection of 68 designs in this area!
Have you ever stayed in a really nice hotel and wanted to write a hotel review on your own site? Do you need to handle hotel reservations on-line, or feature your beautiful rooms? These hotel cms templates are great for showing off hotel rooms, hotel activities and other travel related info and photos.
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"LifeSmart is one of the most comprehensive training tools we have encountered." -Richard Rosenbaum, Transition Skills Specialist
Teaches 300 "make or break" social skills the experts consider essential for successful transition to independence and adulthood.
The complete LifeSmart video curriculum concentrates on five major categories of life skills: workforce behaviors, relationships, intimacy and abstinence, personal finances, and personal safety.
LifeSmart teaches "make or break" social skills related to social success. The curriculum focuses on teaching what the experts consider to be the most important skills essential to becoming "LifeSmart".
LifeSmart will show your students how to be socially successful with friends, coworkers, the boss, and other people with whom it's important to have a good relationship. They will also learn how to develop realistic expectations in relationships and avoid being exploited or disappointed by people who might try to take advantage of them.
The LifeSmart curriculum uses the unique "Not Smart or LifeSmart" teaching model. This teaching model is particularly useful for social skills training because social success is often as much the result of not doing something as it is doing something. For example, not touching inappropriately, not staring and not being gullible to a high-pressure salesperson are all examples of being socially "LifeSmart". By observing the consequences of other people's mistakes and vicariously learning from them, students can avoid much of the pain of social rejection that often accompanies in-your-face experiential learning.
In this series, your students will also learn the basic emotional intelligence skills needed for independent living. Emotional IQ, knowing how to read and respond appropriately in interpersonal situations is often more important to job and life success than intellectual IQ. LifeSmart will help your students develop essential emotional intelligence skills.
The LifeSmart Curriculum teaches students:
How to recognize how another person is feeling and respond appropriately.
How to recognize one's own feelings and respond appropriately
How to exercise emotional control when dealing with difficult people.
Intimacy Discrimination
How to determine appropriate intimacy with another person and respond accordingly.
Nonverbal Language Facility
How to recognize and express emotional meaning (feelings) through tone of voice, facial expressions and other nonverbal channels.
Social Deftness
How to read and respond appropriately in social settings.
LifeSmart Curriculum is composed of (5) Programs:


text: Ames, Sydenstricker and Sims Family Recognized By the NJAA July 11, 2013 12:00 AM Tweet Tom and Lois Ames one of three honored by the American Junior Angus for dedication to youth activities. TAGS: Marketing, Overseas December 18, 2014 By News Release Email —American Angus Association Tom and Lois Ames, Spruce Mountain Ranch; Eddie and Connie Sydenstricker, Sydenstricker Genetics; and Ram Sims honored at 2013 National Junior Angus Show. Tom and Lois Ames Tom and Lois Ames of Spruce Mountain Ranch Larkspur, Colo., have made it their mission to support Angus youth and future agricultural leaders. Whether it's by supporting their local 4-H organization or hosting the annual Leading Engaged in Angus Development (LEAD) conference, the Ames family believes that investing time in the next generation should be a number one priority. Because of the support they have graciously shown for Angus youth and the Angus Foundation, the National Junior Angus Association (NJAA) chose to induct Tom and Lois Ames into the Honorary Angus Foundation during the 2013 National Junior Angus Show (NJAS) in Kansas City, Mo. "Tom and Lois are very deserving of the prestigious Honorary Angus Foundation recognition for all they've done for the Angus Foundation and NJAA in recent years," says Milford Jenkins, Angus Foundation president. "Benefactors like the Ames, have encouraged and inspired other Angus breeders to join them in supporting the Angus Foundation's efforts to advance education, youth and research." The Ames family has shown much hospitality to the American Angus Association in hosting the 2012 LEAD participants for dinner, as well as hosting the Angus Foundation's Angus Night on the Mountain fundraising events the past two years during the National Western Stock Show in Denver. In addition, the Ames family has also purchased live auction items with proceeds supporting the Angus Foundation and donated gifts for other fundraising events, such as the 2010 "BLACKONTRACK" event at Churchill Downs. Tom and Lois Ames both got their start in the cattle industry while growing up on dairy farms. They also shared an interest in raising beef cattle, so in 1999, they jumped at the opportunity to purchase Spruce Mountain Ranch. With the help of their general manager, Mitch Rohr, they decided that Angus cattle would be the best fit for their ranch. Their ultimate goals are to sustain a purebred Angus seed stock operation, as well as create a distinct landscape and resort-like atmosphere for family, guests and potential customers to enjoy. Rohr says since he has known the Ames, they have always enjoyed giving back to youth and helping them get involved in the agricultural industry: "They are always supporting local youth programs and continued their support into the Angus Foundation due to the opportunities that are given to the youth. This award means a lot to them because they're always trying to make a difference in the next generation." Eddie and Connie Sydenstricker Eddie and Connie Sydenstricker of Sydenstricker Genetics, Mexico, Mo., have devoted their lives to improving not only the Angus breed and National Junior Angus Association (NJAA), but also the entire agricultural industry. To recognize their loyalty and commitment, the NJAA chose to induct the Sydenstrickers into the Honorary Angus Foundation during the 2013 National Junior Angus Show (NJAS) in Kansas City, Mo. "Loyal supporters of the Angus Foundation long-before I first met them in 2004, Eddie and Connie are always interested in knowing and learning how they can help us," says Milford Jenkins, Angus Foundation president. "The Sydenstrickers do not just recognize they have a responsibility to give back to the Angus breed that has been a major part of their lives and Eddie's late father Ralph Sydenstricker, they also take action by making a difference in the lives of Angus youth and their fellow Angus breeders through their support." Long-time supporters of the Angus Foundation, the Sydenstrickers have donated the heifer for the 1993 and 2012 Angus Foundation Heifer Package, contributed numerous gifts for fundraising events and most recently purchased the "Aberdeen Angus" wine barrel in support of the 2013 NJAS being hosted by the Missouri Junior Angus Association. Eddie Sydenstricker was involved in forming the first-ever statewide junior Angus Association in 1956, and he served as its first president. He also served the Missouri Angus Association as treasurer for many years and gave three years of his time to the American Angus Association® Board of Directors. The Sydenstrickers got started in the Angus breed in 1952, when Eddie's father, Ralph, founded Sydenstricker Angus Farms. With the help of loyal employees, Eddie and his wife have expanded the business to focus primarily on providing customers with predictable Angus genetics that supply economically important traits. They currently calve about 800 head of cattle each year, with 20-25 percent being embryo transplant calves. The herd is maintained on 2,500 owned and 750 leased acres. Longtime employee Ben Eggers says the family has been one of the strongest supporters of the junior Angus programs: "Through the years, in countless ways, Eddie and Connie's support of the Missouri juniors and NJAA has been unwavering and substantial." Ray Sims Also honored at the 2013 NJAS was Ray Sims and family. Few names are more recognized in the Angus business than Ray Sims. The famed cattle auctioneer transformed purebred cattle auctions from simple events to fast-paced, entertaining productions that generated profitable results. Ray passed away in 2012, but his legacy lives on in the Angus breed through the Ray Sims Angus Scholarship Endowment Fund and all of the lives he has touched. To honor the Sims family, the National Junior Angus Association (NJAA) chose to induct Ray and Melva into the Honorary Angus Foundation during the 2013 National Junior Angus Show (NJAS) in Kansas City, Mo. Angus Foundation President Milford Jenkins says Ray's focus on people is what truly set him apart from other individuals. "Ray Sims will be held in high regard for his auctioneering at Angus sales, but he will be remembered far longer for his genuine interest and compassion in the well-being of the Angus breeders and their families that he developed life-long friendships with, and frequently auctioneering for the second and third generation in those Angus programs," Jenkins says. During his career, Ray traveled throughout the United States, selling for both large- and small-livestock breeders, including U.S. senators and three U.S. presidents. It's estimated that he conducted more than 7,000 auctions, which were mostly registered Angus sales. In 2010, Ray Sims became the first auctioneer in more than 50 years to receive the prestigious Saddle and Sirloin Club's Portrait Award. Once expenses were covered for Ray's portrait now on display in the Saddle and Sirloin Portrait Collection in Louisville, Ky., the Ray Sims Portrait Committee donated the remaining funds of more than $20,000 to the Angus Foundation to establish the Ray Sims Scholarship Endowment Fund for Angus youth scholarships. Traveling to the NJAS to present the scholarships was always a special occasion for Ray and Melva. They enjoyed meeting and getting to know the outstanding Angus youth selected to receive the scholarship. The recipients of the Ray Sims Angus Scholarship will help carry his legacy into the future and will always owe a debt of gratitude to Ray for his impact on the Angus breed and cattle industry. Chris Sankey, American Angus Association board member, says the couple believed the Angus Foundation was a natural organization to be involved with, because they both felt this was a place where they could make an impact for youth. "I know this means a lot to Melva and the Sims family," Sankey says. "Not only to honor the memory of Ray, but also as an opportunity to carry on his legacy and develop that passion in young people for generations to come." For more news and information from the 2013 NJAS, visit www.ANGUS.org to find contest results, awards, scholarships and show photos. Back to news


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October 23, 2013 + "Let him beg, however, in faith, in no way hesitating" [James 1:6]
from The Venerable Bede, Commentary on the Seven Catholic Epistles, Cistercian Publications, p. 10.
That is, let him, by living well, show himself to be worthy of being heard when he begs. For anyone who remembers that he has not obeyed the Lord's commands rightly loses hope that the Lord pays attention to his prayers. For it has been written, "The prayer of one who closes his ear that he may not hear the law will be detestable" [Pr. 21:13; 28:9].
For he who hesitates is like a wave of the sea which is tossed and carried about by the wind. Anyone who hesitates about attaining heavenly rewards because his consciousness of sin pricks him, at the onslaught of temptations easily abandons the position of faith by which in peace and quiet he appeared to serve God and he is carried away at the will of the invisible enemy as if by a blast of wind through different kinds of errors of vices.
Apostle James, the Brother of the Lord
As the Lord's disciple you received the Gospel, O righteous James; as a martyr you have unfailing courage; as God's brother, you have boldness; as a hierarch, you have the power to intercede. Pray to Christ God that our souls may be saved.
Kontakion, Tone 4
When God the Word, the Only-begotten of the Father, came to live among us in these last days, He declared you, venerable James, to be the first shepherd and teacher of Jerusalem and a faithful steward of the spiritual Mysteries. Therefore, we all honor you, O Apostle.


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Peter Facinelli is playing two very different doctors these days.
"Twilight" fans know him as the voice of paternal vampire reason, Dr. Carlisle Cullen, in the uber-popular series. But Facinelli is also making dramatic waves as the unsteady Dr. Fitch Cooper in award-winning "Nurse Jackie."
"Aside from them both wearing white coats, that's where the similarities end, " Facinelli tells Popcorn Biz. "The character on Nurse Jackie is 180 degrees from Carlisle. Carlisle is very mature and Cooper is very immature, let's put it that way."
Facinelli has just completed the second season of "Jackie" which begins in March on Showtime. Meanwhile, the newly completed next installment of the "Twilight" series "Eclipse" will hit theaters this summer with Facinelli in prime shape to fight vampires. "It was more about doing the stunts and doing them safely," he says of the sometimes three-workouts-a-day sessions. "In Vancouver, a big part of our job was just to train."
Facinelli says he's recovering at home where he "opened a bag of Cheetohs and a can of Coke and sat on the couch." He's awaiting the next call out for the final installment for the Twilight series. "We haven't gotten any wind on when or where," says Facinelli. "We're waiting in wings."
The great part about playing the dual-doctor role is the massive fan base which follows Facinelli's every move. Some 3,000 screamers showed up to see him open The Promenade Temecula outside Los Angeles after Facinelli spoke to us. And even more are lobbying for his next part. Twi-hard fans are still exerting their industry power and showing their Carlisle love -- flooding onto author Emily Griffin's Facebook page to push for Facinelli to play Dex in the upcoming movie adaptation of her best-seller "Something Borrowed."
It all started when Facinelli read the book and tweeted about how he'd love to play the character Dex. His rabid following has worked its magic.
"This fan base is fanastic," says a perpetually-awed Facinelli. "I'd love to play Dex so hopefully this will all work out. I have a meeting with the director this week so my hat's still in the ring."


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CANNELTON – In honor of the upcoming 175th anniversary of Cannelton and the city's annual Heritage Fest, a "Life in Cannelton" photography contest for amateur photographers will be held and photos displayed at the 175th Anniversary Headquarters, 512 Washington Street in Cannelton.
Entries will be limited to three per person with no age limits. The contest is open to any amateur photographer who has not had monetary gain from taking photos on a part- or full-time basis.
Photos must be matted with a standard matte board and ready to hang.
If you currently subscribe or have subscribed in the past to the Perry County News, then simply find your account number on your mailing label and enter it below.
Click the question mark below to see where your account ID appears on your mailing label.
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A BILL to amend the Code of West Virginia, 1931, as amended, by adding thereto a new article, designated §33-25G-1, §33-25G-2, §33-25G-3, §33-25G-4, §33-25G-5, §33-25G-6, §33-25G-7, §33- 25G-8, §33-25G-9, §33-25G-10, §33-25G-11, §33-25G-12, §33-25G- 13 and §33-25G-14, all relating to pharmacy benefit managers; requiring licensure, providing requirements for license application; defining terms; requiring certain disclosures; establishing fees; requiring retention of records; providing for annual statement; authorizing access to records; establishing special revenue account; requiring certain information be maintained as confidential; establishing criminal and civil penalties for violations; authorizing proposal of rules; requiring annual report to the Legislature and Governor; and setting effective date.
§33-25G-6. Maintenance of records; access; confidentiality; financial examination.


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Find the top rated atv trails in Watertown, whether you're looking for an easy short atv trail or a long atv trail, you'll find what you're looking for. Click on a atv trail below to find trail descriptions, trail maps, photos, and reviews.
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Crossing through wooded areas and featuring magnificent wetland vistas, the Rockingham Recreational Rail Trail (Fremont Branch) offers an 18.3-mile trail adventure from Epping to Windham. The northern...
|18.3 mi
|Dirt, Sand
I ride this trial several times a week. There are several access points now that the new section is open. The whole trial is very well maintained and mostly tree lined. Lots of places to stop and relax. The new section is wider with more benches. The NARA pond area is a very nice diversion. The major street crossings all have crossing lights. It is a gem of a trail!
Not a very long trail and not a lot of scenery, but it's connected to the Needham town forest (High Rock) on one side so if you are mountain biking then that adds more trail. If you are street biking then it's kind of a short ride.
Can be busy, but worth the trip...Autumn is the best time of year for this sweet little rail trail. Good for children and dogs!
The trail is nice from Epping to Fremont...that section is closed to ATVs and in the Fall, offers a stunning 'tunnel through the woods' for a ride. At Fremont...across from the Library...the large parking lot makes it easy to park your trailer and get your ATV ready. Consequently, the trail is completely torn up and virtually impassible for bikes: I'm on 1.5 inch 'knobby' tires and still can't maintain traction in the soft sand.
The Salem Bike- Ped is now paved and open to Tuscan Kitchen!
The trail is pretty much a straight shot with no hills. I have ridden my bike on this trail many times and there is always a good mix of joggers, bikers, and walkers, but it is never too crowded -- I do ride my bike at a nice leisurely pace but, even so, I rarely have to stop or slow down. The trail itself is paved and in very good condition. On one side of the trail there is even a strip of finely crushed stone that you can bike on when you want to take a break from the smooth asphalt. Set down in a residential area, you are never far from civilization, but there are woods on either side of you and the atmosphere is quiet and relaxing.
A lovely walk through the foliage. Paved in some parts and crushed rock in others. Not too busy. Quiet, but still close to civilization.
The Worcester and Nashua RR is long gone but the end of the trail in Ayer is still served by MBTA Commuter Rail which provides daily service. You can take your bike aboard all off-peak trains. Enjoy the currently-offered $10.00 unlimited weekend pass to get you there.
This is a city trail with views of the seashore. It goes through the Bremen St. Park which is used by children and adults skating, running and walking. At one terminus is a stunning view of Boston over the harbor, with easy access to the harbor walk and Piers Park. The other end is at Constitution Beach, from which you can watch airplanes take-off and get pizza or a hot dog in the summer. There is also a stopping point overlooking the wetlands. Lots of local restaurants around: Italian, Salvadorian, and more. If you're a cyclist don't expect a long, fast experience. It is scenic and gives you a great sense of "Easty"
What a pleasure to ride this excellent trail from end to end. My only wish is for mile markers or mile cairns!
It's early fall and a great time to ride this trail. The leaves are turning, the surface is dry and flat. There are many street crossings, most of them easy. We started in Raymond, off Onway Lake Road. If you map this using the RTC map, it gives you the address for the Gordon Cammett Recreation Area. If you turn in here, it takes you to a large parking lot and ball fields. This is where we started. The trail runs parallel to the ball fields but you can't see it from the parking lot. If you ride your bikes back up the hill you drove down, to the left at the top of the hill, there's a small cut-through. The trail is right there. If you look to your right, you'll see a tunnel (Manchester, or westbound). We rode to our left (Newfields, or eastbound). This is a 30-mile roundtrip ride. The trail has a few different surfaces, most well-packed and rideable with a hybrid. Some of the sandy patches and looser gravel (not many) might be more difficult with road bike tires. In Raymond, there is an old train station with train cars, a one-room schoolhouse, as well as stocks and a jail cell. There are 2 or 3 street crossings near various services if you need a drink or bite to eat. The trail ends at a parking lot, and fittingly, at the railroad tracks. There are no mileage markers along the trail. A trail kiosk in Epping will tell you the mileage to your destination in both directions.
Beautiful trail nice even gravel and sand walkway but WAY WAY WAY too much broken glass along the trail someone didn't want dogs on the trail !!!
TrailLink is a free service provided by Rails-to-Trails Conservancy (a non-profit) and we need your support!


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Human endocrine system, group of ductless glands that regulate body processes by secreting chemical substances called hormones. Hormones act on nearby tissues or are carried in the bloodstream to act on specific target organs and distant tissues. Diseases of the endocrine system can result from the oversecretion or undersecretion of hormones or from the inability of target organs or tissues to respond to hormones effectively.
It is important to distinguish between an endocrine gland, which discharges hormones into the bloodstream, and an exocrine gland, which secretes substances through a duct opening in a gland onto an external or internal body surface. Salivary glands and sweat glands are examples of exocrine glands. Both saliva, secreted by the salivary glands, and sweat, secreted by the sweat glands, act on local tissues near the duct openings. In contrast, the hormones secreted by endocrine glands are carried by the circulation to exert their actions on tissues remote from the site of their secretion.
As far back as 3000 bce, the ancient Chinese were able to diagnose and provide effective treatments for some endocrinologic disorders. For example, seaweed, which is rich in iodine, was prescribed for the treatment of goitre (enlargement of the thyroid gland). Perhaps the earliest demonstration of direct endocrinologic intervention in humans was the castration of men who could then be relied upon, more or less, to safeguard the chastity of women living in harems. During the Middle Ages and later, the practice persisting well into the 19th century, prepubertal boys were sometimes castrated to preserve the purity of their treble voices. Castration established the testes (testicles) as the source of substances responsible for the development and maintenance of "maleness."
This knowledge led to an abiding interest in restoring or enhancing male sexual powers. In the 18th century, London-based Scottish surgeon, anatomist, and physiologist John Hunter successfully transplanted the testis of a rooster into the abdomen of a hen. The transplanted organ developed a blood supply in the hen, though whether masculinization occurred was unclear. In 1849 German physiologist Arnold Adolph Berthold performed a similar experiment, except, instead of hens, he transplanted rooster testes into capons (castrated roosters). The capons subsequently regained secondary sex characteristics, demonstrating that the testes were the source of a masculinizing substance. Also in the 19th century, French neurologist and physiologist Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard asserted that the testes contained an invigorating, rejuvenating substance. His conclusions were based in part on observations obtained after he had injected himself with an extract of the testicle of a dog or of a guinea pig. These experiments resulted in the widespread use of organ extracts to treat endocrine conditions (organotherapy).
Modern endocrinology largely originated in the 20th century, however. Its scientific origin is rooted in the studies of French physiologist Claude Bernard (1813–78), who made the key observation that complex organisms such as humans go to great lengths to preserve the constancy of what he called the "milieu intérieur" (internal environment). Later, American physiologist Walter Bradford Cannon (1871–1945) used the term homeostasis to describe this inner constancy.
The endocrine system, in association with the nervous system and the immune system, regulates the body's internal activities and the body's interactions with the external environment to preserve the internal environment. This control system permits the prime functions of living organisms—growth, development, and reproduction—to proceed in an orderly, stable fashion; it is exquisitely self-regulating, so that any disruption of the normal internal environment by internal or external events is resisted by powerful countermeasures. When this resistance is overcome, illness ensues.
Traditional endocrinology
The body of knowledge of the endocrine system is continually expanding, driven in large part by research that seeks to understand basic cell functions and basic mechanisms of human endocrine diseases and disorders. The traditional core of an endocrine system consists of an endocrine gland, the hormone it secretes, a responding tissue containing a specific receptor to which the hormone binds, and an action that results after the hormone binds to its receptor, termed the postreceptor response.
Each endocrine gland consists of a group of specialized cells that have a common origin in the developing embryo. Some endocrine glands, such as the thyroid gland and the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, are derived from cells that arise in the embryonic digestive system. Other endocrine glands, such as the parathyroid glands and the adrenal medulla, are derived from cells that arise in the embryonic nervous system. Certain glands, including the ovary, testis, and adrenal cortex, arise from a region of the embryo known as the urogenital ridge. There are also several glands that are derived from cells that originate in multiple regions of the embryo. For example, the pituitary gland is composed of cells from the nervous system and the digestive tract.
Each endocrine gland also has a rich supply of blood vessels. This is important not only because nutrients are delivered to the gland by the blood vessels but also because the gland cells that line these vessels are able to detect serum levels of specific hormones or other substances that directly effect the synthesis and secretion of the hormone the gland produces. Hormone secretion is sometimes very complex, because many endocrine glands secrete more than one hormone. In addition, some organs function both as exocrine glands and as endocrine glands. The best-known example of such an organ is the pancreas.
In addition to traditional endocrine cells, specially modified nerve cells within the nervous system secrete important hormones into the blood. These special nerve cells are called neurosecretory cells, and their secretions are termed neurohormones to distinguish them from the hormones produced by traditional endocrine cells. Neurohormones are stored in the terminals of neurosecretory cells and are released into the bloodstream upon stimulation of the cells.
Most hormones are one of two types: protein hormones (including peptides and modified amino acids) or steroid hormones. The majority of hormones are protein hormones. They are highly soluble in water and can be transported readily through the blood. When initially synthesized within the cell, protein hormones are contained within large biologically inactive molecules called prohormones. An enzyme splits the inactive portion from the active portion of the prohormone, thereby forming the active hormone that is then released from the cell into the blood. There are fewer steroid hormones than protein hormones, and all steroid hormones are synthesized from the precursor molecule cholesterol. These hormones (and a few of the protein hormones) circulate in the blood both as hormone that is free and as hormone that is bound to specific proteins. It is the free unbound hormone that has access to tissues to exert hormonal activity.
Hormones act on their target tissues by binding to and activating specific molecules called receptors. Receptors are found on the surface of target cells in the case of protein and peptide hormones, or they are found within the cytoplasm or nuclei of target cells in the case of steroid hormones and thyroid hormones. Each receptor has a strong, highly specific affinity (attraction) for a particular hormone. A hormone can have an effect only on those tissues that contain receptors specific for that hormone. Often, one segment of the hormone molecule has a strong chemical affinity for the receptor while another segment is responsible for initiating the hormone's specific action. Thus, hormonal actions are not general throughout the body but rather are aimed at specific target tissues.
A hormone-receptor complex activates a chain of specific chemical responses within the cells of the target tissue to complete hormonal action. This action may be the result of the activation of enzymes within the target cell, interaction of the hormone-receptor complex with the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the nucleus of the cell (and consequent stimulation of protein synthesis), or a combination of both. It may even result in the secretion of another hormone.
Function of the endocrine system
The nature of endocrine regulation
Endocrine gland secretion is not a haphazard process; it is subject to precise, intricate control so that its effects may be integrated with those of the nervous system and the immune system. The simplest level of control over endocrine gland secretion resides at the endocrine gland itself. The signal for an endocrine gland to secrete more or less of its hormone is related to the concentration of some substance, either a hormone that influences the function of the gland (a tropic hormone), a biochemical product (e.g., glucose), or a biologically important element (e.g., calcium or potassium). Because each endocrine gland has a rich supply of blood, each gland is able to detect small changes in the concentrations of its regulating substances.
Some endocrine glands are controlled by a simple negative feedback mechanism. For example, negative feedback signaling mechanisms in the parathyroid glands (located in the neck) rely on the binding activity of calcium-sensitive receptors that are located on the surface of parathyroid cells. Decreased serum calcium concentrations result in decreased calcium receptor binding activity that stimulates the secretion of parathormone from the parathyroid glands. The increased serum concentration of parathormone stimulates bone resorption (breakdown) to release calcium into the blood and reabsorption of calcium in the kidney to retain calcium in the blood, thereby restoring serum calcium concentrations to normal levels. In contrast, increased serum calcium concentrations result in increased calcium receptor-binding activity and inhibition of parathormone secretion by the parathyroid glands. This allows serum calcium concentrations to decrease to normal levels. Therefore, in people with normal parathyroid glands, serum calcium concentrations are maintained within a very narrow range even in the presence of large changes in calcium intake or excessive losses of calcium from the body.
Control of the hormonal secretions of other endocrine glands is more complex, because the glands themselves are target organs of a regulatory system called the hypothalamic-pituitary-target gland axis. The major mechanisms in this regulatory system consist of complex interconnecting negative feedback loops that involve the hypothalamus (a structure located at the base of the brain and above the pituitary gland), the anterior pituitary gland, and the target gland. The hypothalamus produces specific neurohormones that stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete specific pituitary hormones that affect any of a number of target organs, including the adrenal cortex, the gonads (testes and ovaries), and the thyroid gland. Therefore, the hypothalamic-pituitary-target gland axis allows for both neural and hormonal input into hormone production by the target gland.
When stimulated by the appropriate pituitary hormone, the target gland secretes its hormone (target gland hormone) that then combines with receptors located on its target tissues. These receptors include receptors located on the pituitary cells that make the particular hormone that governs the target gland. Should the amount of target gland hormone in the blood increase, the hormone's actions on its target organs increases. In the pituitary gland, the target gland hormone acts to decrease the secretion of the appropriate pituitary hormone, which results in less stimulation of the target gland and a decrease in the production of hormone by the target gland. Conversely, if hormone production by a target gland should decrease, the decrease in serum concentrations of the target gland hormone leads to an increase in secretion of the pituitary hormone in an attempt to restore target gland hormone production to normal. The effect of the target gland hormone on its target tissues is quantitative; that is, within limits, the greater (or lesser) the amount of target gland hormone bound to receptors in the target tissues, the greater (or lesser) the response of the target tissues.
In the hypothalamic-pituitary-target gland axis, a second negative feedback loop is superimposed on the first negative feedback loop. In this second loop, the target gland hormone binds to nerve cells in the hypothalamus, thereby inhibiting the secretion of specific hypothalamic-releasing hormones (neurohormones) that stimulate the secretion of pituitary hormones (an important element in the first negative feedback loop). The hypothalamic neurohormones are released within a set of veins that connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland (the hypophyseal-portal circulation), and therefore the neurohormones reach the pituitary gland in high concentrations. Target gland hormones effect the secretion of hypothalamic hormones in the same way that they effect the secretion of pituitary hormones, thereby reinforcing their effect on the production of the pituitary hormone.
The importance of the second negative feedback loop lies in the fact that the nerve cells of the hypothalamus receive impulses from other regions of the brain, including the cerebral cortex (the centre for higher mental functions, movement, perceptions, emotion, etc.), thus permitting the endocrine system to respond to physical and emotional stresses. This response mechanism involves the interruption of the primary feedback loop to allow the serum concentrations of hormones to be increased or decreased in response to environmental stresses that activate the nervous system. The end result of the two negative feedback loops is that, under ordinary circumstances, hormone production by target glands and the serum concentrations of target gland hormone are maintained within very narrow limits but that, under extraordinary circumstances, this tight control can be overridden by stimuli originating outside of the endocrine system.
There are important supplemental mechanisms that control endocrine function. When more than one cell type is found within a single endocrine gland, the hormones secreted by one cell type may exert a direct modulating effect upon the secretions of the other cell types. This form of control is known as paracrine control. Similarly, the secretions of one endocrine cell may alter the activity of the same cell, an activity known as autocrine control. Thus, endocrine cell activity may be modulated directly from within the endocrine gland itself, without the need for hormones to enter the bloodstream.
If the requirement that a hormone act at a site remote from the endocrine cells in which the hormone is produced is excluded from the defining characteristics of hormones, additional classes of biologically active materials can be considered as hormones. Neurotransmitters, a group of chemical compounds of variable composition, are secreted at all synapses (junctions between nerve cells over which nervous impulses must travel). They facilitate or inhibit the transmission of neural impulses and have given rise to the science of neuroendocrinology (the branch of medicine that studies the interaction of the nervous system and the endocrine system). A second group of biologically active substances is called prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are a complex group of fatty acid derivatives that are produced and secreted by many tissues. Prostaglandins mediate important biological effects in almost every organ system of the body.
Another group of substances, called growth factors, possess hormonelike activity. Growth factors are substances that stimulate the growth of specific tissues. They are distinct from pituitary growth hormone in that they were identified only after it was noted that target cells grown outside the organism in tissue culture could be stimulated to grow and reproduce by extracts of serum or tissue chemically distinct from growth hormone.
Still another area of hormonal activity that has come under intensive investigation is the effect of endocrine hormones on behaviour. While simple direct hormonal effects on human behaviour are difficult to document because of the complexities of human motivation, there are many convincing demonstrations of hormone-mediated behaviour in other life-forms. A special case is that of the pheromone, a substance generated by an organism that influences, by its odour, the behaviour of another organism of the same species. An often-quoted example is the musky scent of the females of many species, which provokes sexual excitation in the male. Such mechanisms have adaptive value for species survival.
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
human nervous system: The endocrine systemThe adrenal glands, which lie above the kidney, are composed of the cortex and the medulla. The adrenal cortex synthesizes and secretes steroid hormones that are essential for life, but it is not under autonomic control. The adrenal medulla, on the other hand,…
cardiovascular disease: Endocrine causes of shockThe endocrine glands play a vital role in the regulation of normal metabolic processes through the actions of their hormones. It is not surprising, therefore, that a malfunction in an endocrine gland or in its hormones has an effect on circulation.…
nervous system disease: Endocrine diseasesDisorders of the hypothalamus can result in autonomic dysfunction, sleep disturbance, and diabetes insipidus. Pituitary tumours may cause acromegaly, which may result in peripheral-nerve compression. Hyperactivity of the thyroid gland may cause tremors, muscle weakness, and disturbances of eye…
pregnancy: Endocrine systemMost of the endocrine glands become larger, and some display alterations in function, during pregnancy; they all revert to a normal state after delivery.…
pregnancy: Endocrine diseasesBefore insulin was available, most diabetic women were sterile, or, if they became pregnant, aborted. Half of the babies and one-fourth of the mothers died if they went to term. Today, if they are adequately supervised, less than 1 percent of pregnant…
More About Human endocrine system25 references found in Britannica articles
Assorted References
- effects on mammary gland
- relationship to the nervous system
diseases and disorders
- atrophy
- cardiovascular shock
- joint diseases
- metabolic diseases
- muscle diseases
- nervous system disease
- pancreatic cancer


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Very excited! And really looking forward to the week!
Us too....April seems so far away....Paul and I are already looking forward to this trip and the next...we have been so busy...and we are in the process of looking at property to buy..so we might have to move before Christmas providing this place of ours sells...fingers crossed...now that all the kids are out we have all this time on our hands...the 2 oldest moved out on their own and our two youngest are away at school
Okay we will see you there!
Sandra and Erik
Thanx. We are looking forward to our big 5 year anniversary trip.
Hey short timers ! Your almost there ... Have a great trip !
A large poster like this would be a great idea -- I used ONLY your own posted images.
PS see you both soon
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Hi Cop, going in Feb. 2013. How much do they charge for the parasailing? Will the desort let you use the kuyaks to go to the island? Thank you, Paul
We will be looking for you, hope to get on the same shuttle
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