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Standing in front of the American flag-draped caskets containing the bodies of the four Americans killed in an attack on the U.S. consulate in Libya, with a full honor guard on hand, President Barack Obama praised the four for their patriotic service and the commitment to diplomacy on Friday.
"They didn't simply embrace the American ideal, the lived it," Obama said, "They embodied it, the courage and idealism, the fundamental American belief that we can leave this world a little better than before. That's who they were, and who we are."
In the transfer of remains ceremony, held at Joint Base Andrews in Maryland, the bodies U.S. Ambassador Chris Stevens, information manager Sean Smith and former Navy SEALS Glen Doherty and Tyrone Woods returned to the United States.
For full coverage, visit NBCNews.com.
Obama also vowed to protect U.S. diplomatic personnel on foreign soil and to press foreign governments to hold those responsible for American deaths accountable.
"Even in our grief, we will be resolute," Obama said.
Clinton, too, reiterated U.S. commitment to Libyan democracy. She said the country, which ousted long-time dictator Moammar Khaddafy last year, "did not trade the tyranny of a dictator for the tyranny of a mob."
Visit NBCNews.com for breaking news, world news, and news about the economy
Stevens was inside the consulate in Benghazi Tuesday when a mob of gunmen fired upon the compound with rocket-propelled grenades, setting it ablaze.
A native of northern California, Stevens fell under the spell of the Middle East as a young man, according to George Scharffenberger, who served alongside him in the Peace Corps in Morocco.
"He just fell in love with Morocco and that part of the world, and I think it was the spark that shaped the rest of the career," said Scharffenberger.
Smith's formal posting was in the Hague, but he was on a temporary assignment to Libya when he was killed, Clinton said. She described him as a veteran of the Air Force with 10 years as an information management officer. His prior postings included Pretoria, Baghdad and Montreal.
Smith was also a renowned player of the online science-fiction game "Eve," where he went by the handle "Vile Rat," according to friends' Web postings. They described having online conversations with him in which he said he was providing IT services to the consulate and how during a tour in Baghdad he broke away from a gaming session when he heard gunfire.
Visit NBCNews.com for breaking news, world news, and news about the economy
Doherty spent his twenties working as a ski instructor and attending flight school before keeping a promise he had made to himself: that if he hadn't found a profession by the time he turned 30, he would join the Navy and become a SEAL.
A trained sniper and medical corpsman, Doherty served in both Iraq and Afghanistan during his seven years as a SEAL, before beginning work four years ago in private security.
"This is what he did for a living. He always knew the dangers, but he never talked about it,'' his sister Katie Quigly told the Boston Globe. "He's been going overseas since 9/11 — and he's always made it back."
Woods was a 41-year-old married father of three from Portland, Ore. His name was not released until Thursday, when his next of kin were notified of his death.
A government official contacted Woods' ex-wife, Patty So, to deliver the news early Thursday.
"It doesn't seem real," So, mother of Woods' 15- and 18-year-old sons, told NBC 7 San Diego.
Visit NBCNews.com for breaking news, world news, and news about the economy


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This week's recommended reading comes from Ross Morrison McGill (aka @teachertoolkit ):
This week's recommended reading comes from Ross Morrison McGill (aka @teachertoolkit ):
A monthly research reading group for teachers
A meeting place for a world of reflective writers.
Mapping Young People in the City
The Cineaste
The Newcastle RGS History blog
Pull up and listen...I've got a funny one for ya...
With not even a hint of cohesion between posts
Reflections on Education: a blog by Chris Hildrew
In search of classroom answers
Teaching, Learning and now Blogging
The RGS Newcastle Maths Blog
An Initiative in Blogsharing by UK Teachers.
Put a little ICTmagic into your lessons
Headteacher at St. Mary's Catholic College, Blackpool. Fascinated by learning & leading. Love collaborating and seeing new practice. Involved in SSAT Redesigning Schools & Vision 2040 Group.
There will never be a just social order until philosophers are kings, or kings become philosophers.
Teaching in British schools
Finding & sharing teaching 'bright spots'

subset: commoncrawl


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JACKSONVILLE, Fla. - Terry Parker High School went on code red lockdown Thursday morning as a precaution after acid overflowed from a soda bottle that was shaken, according to the Jacksonville Sheriff's Office.
The police bomb squad and Jacksonville Fire-Rescue's hazardous materials team responded to the campus about 8:45 a.m. Police and Duval County school district officials quickly reported there were no injuries and dismissed rumors of a shooting on campus, but didn't release details of the incident until just after 10 a.m.
IMAGES: Terry Parker on lockdown
Police said students were not evacuated, but relocated out of the affected area, and no one was ever in danger. School officials said continued as best as possible during the lockdown.
"The teacher kept teaching," student Dustin Rudd said. "We told our parents what was happening. Some of them were coming to get us; some of them weren't."
"I don't know if it was a prank," Officer Shannon Hartley said. "I don't want to minimize an incident like this. We take it very seriously. We want to make sure it's investigated very thoroughly."
Police said if someone is identified as having intentionally brought a homemade explosive on campus they could face a felony charge.
Rumors of a shooting on campus prompted parents to show up at the school, but both the Jacksonville Sheriff's Office and School Board police say there was never a weapon or any gunfire, and reiterated that there were no injuries.18448088
"It was like, 'Boom!' And I was like ducking," junior Briana Elias said.
"She came back and she said, 'They shooting,'" junior Justin Watkins said. "And we thought she was playing. Then a minute later the principal came on the intercom and said it was a code red, and we got on the floor."
While school was not canceled, police did allow parents wanting to check their children out of class into the bus loop off Townsend Boulevard. A line of cars wrapped around the school for blocks.
"I was scared to death," said one woman who showed up to get her two children out of school.
One parent said his son texted him saying an acid bomb went off, filling a hallway with smoke, but there was no chaos among the students.
"It's ridiculous," one grandparent said. "It's a shame we can't send our kids to school and they been safe every day."
Copyright 2013 by News4Jax.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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- Home
- For The Home
- Shower Curtains
- Personalized Shower Curtain - Light Pink Stripe Floral Wreath
Product Description
Monogram Shower Curtain, Custom Shower Curtain, Personalized Shower Curtain
There is no better way to add FLAIR to any bathroom.
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Made from washable , water-resistant, polyester fabric. (no bleach)
Designs are Preset for easy ordering. The Patters and Fonts are preset. Make your choice and add personalization for easy and quick ordering!


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Dylan Sprayberry: a superboy from West U.
Sprayberry leaps from small roles to 'Man of Steel'
Twice Dylan Sprayberry auditioned for a mysterious movie, unaware he was up for a part in "Man of Steel" as the young Clark Kent. Over the span of several months, he was called in by the studio and given a monologue to read with names and titles changed.
"They just said it was an untitled Warner Bros. project," said Sprayberry, who was in Houston last week to drop in on screenings of what would become the No. 1 film at the box office over the weekend.
He had two subsequent auditions, but at that point Sprayberry knew something was up. He was introduced to director Zack Snyder, a filmmaker whose work he held in very high regard. "That's when they told me what it was," he said. "And that's when everything changed."
Though small, the role is huge for the young actor from West U. He spent about four weeks on the set near Chicago and in Vancouver for crucial scenes in which the young Kent struggles to make sense of the super-human powers that will facilitate his future transformation into Superman.
"In real life, with every kid, their whole deal is to figure out who they are and who to be when they're older," Sprayberry said. "This is just a really amplified version of that. It's something every kid goes through. I just played that, but with Clark Kent's circumstances."
That meant Sprayberry had to portray both a confused hero and a victim of bullying - a savoir and an outcast - who struggles to understand his powers with some guidance from his adoptive father, played by Kevin Costner, whom Sprayberry called "a great mentor for me."
In addition to being a big break for the young actor, "Man of Steel" allowed Sprayberry to become part of a sphere he's long admired. "I'm a comic-book person," he said, "even years before I knew this was happening. Comic-Con, comic books, action figures. … I draw my own comics and things like that. I'm a big superhero fan in general."
Sprayberry turns 15 next month. He attended West University Elementary until his family moved to Los Angeles eight years ago, where he and his younger sister, Ellery, have been finding regular work in TV and film over the past six years. Among Sprayberry's roles was young Cooper on an episode of "Glee" last year; the grown Cooper was played by another area native, Matt Bomer.
His earliest work, though, was in Houston, including ads for Foley's and the Gap, as well as a public-service announcement he did at age 4. "That's where it started," he said. "Right here."
Sprayberry's plan is to continue to find roles that he can work around his studies.
"Every time I go on a set, I learn something new," he said. Next year he plans to attend the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London and would like to further study film in college in New York or Los Angeles, with hopes to get into writing and directing as well.
In the meantime, he can enjoy a summer when millions of moviegoers can see him pushing a bus out of a river.
"It didn't hit me completely at first because it was just an idea that I was going to be in the movie," he said.
"Now it's finally really, really hitting me. Seeing the public's reaction to the film, and how epic it is to everyone else."


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U.S. Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission
Birmingham District Manager Sexually Harassed Female Employees Under His Supervision, Federal Agency Charged
BIRMINGHAM - U.S. Security Associates, Inc. (USSA), a national security guard service based in Atlanta, has agreed to pay $1.95 million to settle a sexual harassment lawsuit brought by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), the agency announced today.
According to the EEOC's suit, Christopher Hargrove, district manager for USSA in Birmingham, Ala., sexually harassed several female employees he supervised by subjecting them to unwelcome sexual demands, demeaning gestures, inappropriate touching and other sexually offensive conduct. One of the employees named in the EEOC's lawsuit, Jamie Marks, had previously obtained a favorable jury verdict in her own lawsuit, Marks v. U.S. Security Associates, Inc., et al., 2:08-CV-00459-KOB (N.D. Ala.). In that case, Marks was awarded $2.7 million in compensatory and punitive damages against USSA and Hargrove. The five other female employees identified by the EEOC had intervened in the EEOC's action, as well as a sixth individual, who claimed that she had been sexually harassed by Hargrove while he was supervising USSA employees in Mississippi following Hurricane Katrina.
Sexual harassment violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The EEOC filed suit (Civil Action No. 2:09-CV-00598-AKK) in U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Alabama after first attempting to reach a pre-litigation settlement through its conciliation process. The EEOC lawsuit was litigated by EEOC Senior Trial Attorney Charles Guerrier.
Pursuant to the forty two month consent decree settling the suit, USSA agreed to pay $1.95 million to the seven women in resolution of their Title VII claims. USSA additionally entered into separate settlements with each of the women resolving their individual state-law claims.
As part of the settlement, USSA also agreed to revise its policies and complaint procedures to appropriately address sexual harassment and retaliation, and to train all staff on anti-harassment procedures. The company will also establish a centralized process for investigating and tracking sexual harassment complaints and hold supervisors and managers accountable for eliminating such misconduct in the workplace. To ensure enforcement of the decree, USSA will hire a consent decree coordinator who will be responsible for monitoring USSA's performance during the decree's duration and submitting periodic reports to the EEOC.
"We are very pleased with the overall result in this case," said Julie Bean, supervisory trial attorney for the EEOC's Birmingham District Office. "This consent decree will change the way USSA does business and create a much improved work environment. It should also serve as a wake-up call for every employer to take its obligations under federal civil rights law seriously. Sexual harassment, when it is not promptly corrected, causes serious harm to its victims and can be a costly matter for the employer."
The EEOC is responsible for enforcing federal laws against employment discrimination. Further information is available at www.eeoc.gov. Further information about the EEOC is available on its web site at www.eeoc.gov.


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|» News Mentions
|Press Releases | TV and Video
Did You Ever Have to Make Up Your Mind? The Roxbury Earns Fodors Choice 2011 Distinction
Fodor's Guidebooks and Fodors.com
July 29, 2011
ROXBURY, NY, July 29, 2011Everyone has choices, especially when it comes to travel these days. Every year Fodors Travel makes their selection by designating the leaders in travel and hospitality for service, quality and value as a Fodors Choice property. For the second consecutive year, The Roxbury Motel has been recognized among these premier destinations dedicated to providing the best guest experience.
Located in New Yorks Catskills, The Roxbury is redefining the American motel with contemporary design, bold personality, and tempting amenities including the rejuvenating Shimmer Spa. The Roxburys designation as a Fodors Choice 2011 selection means that it is among the top 15% of all of the properties and activities included in Fodors annual guidebook.
Every year, Fodors writers examine and evaluate thousands of hotels, restaurants and attractions across the globe. Only those offering a truly remarkable experience are given the Fodors Choice designation recognizing them as the best of the best.
The Roxbury is the ideal destination in the mountains for that long-awaited romantic getaway. It is under a three-hours drive from The Big Apple and the New York tri-state area, Albany, and Philadelphia. Its guest register now includes visitors from 27 countries from around the world.
Click here to read The Roxbury's review on Fodors.com


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product description page
0.62 CT. T.W. Children's Heart-cut Pink Cubic Zirconia Halo Earrings In Sterling Silver
not available
Not in stores
About this item
Fit & style
- Avoid Household Cleaners,Clean with Jewelry Cleaners,Wipe Clean with a Dry Cloth
- Produced in China
You can wear these classic silver earring by Tiara to your next casual,everyday,fashion,formal,special occasion,sports,vintage.
Care & Cleaning: Avoid Household Cleaners, Clean with Jewelry Cleaners, spot or wipe clean
Item 1: Material: Sterling Silver
Accent stones: stone nature: Created
Item 1: Closure Type: Clasp
Accent Stones: Type: Cubic Zirconia
Accent Stones: Color: Pink, White
Item 1: Width: .21 inches
Item 1: Length: .22 inches
Accent or Pendant Shape: Heart, Round
Secondary occasion worn for: Fitness
Primary occasion worn for: Activewear
Item Number (DPCI): 215-04-0568
Jewelry Disclaimer:
Photo enlarged to show detail. Item weight is approximate and can range .005 higher or lower than listed
If the item details above aren't accurate or complete, we want to know about it. Report incorrect product info.
Prices, promotions, styles and availability may vary by store & online. See our price match guarantee. See how a store is chosen for you.


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ZombiU and NBA 2K13 Demos Lead This Week's Nintendo Downloads
A press release from Nintendo details some of today's offerings on the Nintendo Download, like ZombiU and NBA 2K13. And depending on your view of zombie-hunting, both demos are sports titles!
If you haven't tried either games for your Wii U, then now's the time. You can check out ZombiU and play the first zombie game built specifically to take advantage of the Wii U's bells, whistles, and GamePad. Wait, there are no actual bells and whistles on the console? OK, the GamePad will do. The touchscreen controller will be your go-to for tools, inventory management, healing, and navigation.
Then there's NBA 2K13, in which you'll be able to use the GamePad to check on your players' moods, fatigue levels, and performance. You'll also be able to use the Pad to call plays and make substitutions. Fans of micromanagement will be thrilled!
Other releases for today include:
• Meat or Die: Ines (Nintendo Video™ on Nintendo 3DS™)
• Hello Kitty Picnic with Sanrio Friends (Nintendo eShop on Nintendo 3DS)
• Reel Fishing® 3D Paradise Mini (Nintendo eShop on Nintendo 3DS)
• Wild Adventures: Ultimate Deer Hunt 3D (Nintendo eShop on Nintendo 3DS)
• 101 DinoPets 3D (Nintendo eShop on Nintendo 3DS)
• Biorhythm (Nintendo eShop on Nintendo 3DS / Nintendo DSi™ Shop on Nintendo DSi)
• WORLD HEROES 2 (Virtual Console for Wii™)
Let us know in the comments if you'll be downloading anything in this batch of content to your machines!


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Early childhood interventions key to achieving global equity, experts say
'Implementing Child Rights in Early Childhood'
|© UNICEF/2010/Markisz
|UNICEF Director of Programmes Nicholas Alipui addresses participants of the panel discussion 'Implementing Child Rights in Early Childhood.'
By Melissa Gorelick
NEW YORK, USA, 14 October 2010 – Experts consider that early childhood is the most vital period for the child's survival, growth and development. It includes crucial processes shaping the brain and influencing a range of health and social outcomes through life.
To highlight the importance of early childhood development, an interactive panel discussion on 'Implementing Child Rights in Early Childhood' was held at UNICEF House in New York last night. Panellists highlighted the different dimensions of early childhood through the lens of their areas of expertise – including intergovernmental programming, economic investment and protection against violence.
The event was hosted by the Permanent Missions to the United Nations of Barbados, Belgium, Uruguay and the Delegation of the European Union to the United Nations, in collaboration with América Latina en Acción Solidaria (ALAS) , Plan International, Save the Children, World Vision, and UNICEF. It was moderated by UNICEF Chief of Gender and Rights Unit Daniel Seymour.
Childhood's 'golden' opportunity
The panel's focus on early childhood echoed the 2010 Report of the Secretary-General on Status of the Convention of the Rights of the Child, which focused on the implementation of child rights in early childhood.
|© UNICEF/2010/Markisz
|Permanent Representative of Uruguay to the UN José Luis Cancela (right) addresses panellists, including (from left) Committee on the Rights of the Child Chairperson Yanghee Lee, Special Representative for the UN Secretary-General on Violence against Children Marta Santos Pais, UNICEF Director of Programmes Nicholas Alipui, Bernard van Leer Foundation CEO Lisa Jordan and América Latina en Acción Solidaria Deputy Director Alicia Marin.
"Investing in early childhood means giving children opportunities for life, quality in their lives and breaking the cycle of poverty" said UNICEF Deputy Executive Director Hilde Johnson during her opening address. "What we do in early childhood determines our life as adults", she said.
Yanghee Lee, Chairperson of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, noted that by the age of five, 80 per cent of the human brain is fully developed. Stress and deprivation during those essential early years severely hampers a child's long-term development, she said.
"Early childhood is not only a critical window of opportunity, it is a golden one," said UNICEF Director of Programmes Dr. Nicholas Alipui. However, he added, understanding this is not enough. The mission of child rights advocates worldwide must be to gather strong, disaggregated data on the importance of early childhood development and to make the data visible to governments and other decision-makers.
A profitable investment
"Learning begins at birth," said panellist Lisa Jordan, Executive Director of Bernard van Leer Foundation. But only 53 per cent of countries have comprehensive national early childhood development programmes in place, she said, and this must change.
|© UNICEF/2010/Susan Markisz
|América Latina en Acción Solidaria Deputy Director Alicia Marin addresses participants in the panel discussion.
"The key element here is integrated approaches," said Dr. Alipui. While many governments do provide basic services such as health, nutrition and early education, he explained, they are frequently provided as individual services – and rarely, if ever, as holistic packages.
Moreover, early childhood presents a unique chance for countries to reduce spending on services later in a child's life, said Deputy Director of the nonprofit organization ALAS Alicia Marin. "Early childhood development is one of the best public investments for developing countries because it promotes equality from birth," she said. In Latin America, where some of the world's greatest economic inequalities exist, both governments and the private sector have begun investing in early childhood programmes – which have a very high social return.
Marta Santos Pais, the Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General on Violence against Children, agreed. For every dollar invested in early childhood, she said, there is up to an $8 return. "Investment in early childhood is not an expenditure, it's an opportunity to save money in any nation," she asserted. She added that research shows that young children suffer very high levels of violence, both as they witness domestic violence and as they endure violence themselves, and that young children victims of violence are at particular risk of permanent disability or death.
Early childhood and equity
Earlier yesterday, the Third Committee of the UN General Assembly began its consideration of the agenda item on promotion and protection of the rights of children and heard a presentation on the Secretary-General's annual report on the rights of the child, which focused on early childhood and the need for a holistic, rights-based and equity-centred approach.
UNICEF Executive Director Anthony Lake addressed the Committee, noting that the earliest moments of childhood are the most critical for achieving sustainable, equitable development. "So much depends on those moments and months," he said. "It is up to all of us ... to make the most of them."
As the world strives to achieve the UN Millennium Development Goals 1, a set of internationally recognized targets for reducing poverty worldwide, early childhood is a growing focus area for achieving the goals with equity.
"Early childhood is a place where you see the highest level of disparity manifest itself," said Dr. Alipui. "You can judge how well a country is doing by how well it is taking care of its youngest and most vulnerable children."
Related links


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Operation Spay Neuter would like to thank Unionville and East Butler volunteer fire departments for providing a location for our Animal Friends Mobile vet spay and neuter clinics this past year.
We are very grateful to both organizations for stepping forward to offer us use of their facilities on such short notice last spring. We were able to spay and neuter close to 500 cats from the Butler area.
Special thanks to individuals from both departments for helping us to coordinate the dates and offering their assistance.


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Married Wings
Lesson 8 - Married Wings
Full Dress Flies
By Eric Austin
Marrying wings on wet flies and salmon flies has long been treated by authors as a rather arcane art, one filled with talk of barbules, rachis, barbicels and hooklets. I hope to take some of the mystery and all of the pseudo-science out of married wings in this article, and give you a straightforward "how to" in simple English, with pictures. Let's not make this any harder than it really is.
What are we actually trying to do when we create a married wing? We are trying to make one wing, for either the near side or the far side of our fly, out of slips cut from different feathers. When I say near wing, I mean the one closest to the tier. For instance, here is a piece cut from the left side of a turkey tail feather that could be used as the near wing in a wet fly:
Here is that same turkey tail piece, married with a couple of strips from the left side of a piece of Amherst pheasant tail:
What did I do to combine these? I added the top strip of Amherst pheasant to the turkey first, pushing the edges of the feathers together starting from the tips. When the feathers were together somewhat I then grasped the butts in my right hand, and "zipped" the feathers together with my left middle finger and thumb. The bottom strip was then added the same way. There really is nothing to it, these feathers WANT to marry, they HAVE to marry or the bird couldn't fly. We don't actually care why this is, just accept the fact that it is. But there are some hard and fast rules that must be followed, or this marriage will end in a quick divorce.
Let's look at a real-world example and I'll explain the rules. We're going to tie a Ray Meade, a full dress salmon fly that has wings with black and yellow stripes, and we're going to do the married wing first. What I'm going to do initially is lay out my feathers, getting my lefts and rights together and straight so I don't get them mixed up. Take a careful look at this picture:
These are quasi "matched pairs" of feathers. We hope that the feathers you use will be truly matched, one from each side of the bird. As I look down at the top of these feathers, you'll notice that the ones on the left curve slightly to the right, and the ones on the right curve slightly to the left. It's not extremely important that your feathers do this, but it is a good way of keeping your pairs straight. We will marry slips cut from the left side of the left hand feathers together to make the near wing, and then later, we will marry slips cut from the right side of the right hand feathers to make the far wing. Don't get these mixed up! Do one wing at a time, and put the other feathers aside. Here's a diagram showing you what parts of what feathers to use, for which wing:
We are looking down on the top of the feathers, in other words at the convex side if they are goose shoulders, with the stem toward us. On some feathers it's no so easy to tell which side is the "top." Look for a single stem, if the stem seems to have two sections to it, you're looking at the bottom of the feather. Orient your feathers this way every time. We are going to make the near wing first, so we will use only the two feathers on the left in our picture. Put the other two feathers away. It's a good idea to wash dirty feathers in Woolite, slowly dry them, and then steam them. They will marry more easily. Prep the feathers, getting rid of the bottom third of the fibers or so, which is just fluff that will never marry anyway. Cut a strip three strands wide from each feather. It will look like this:
Now cut three more from each feather, and lay them out in order, just as they came off from bottom to top.
If any of the slips you cut is damaged or has intertwined strands, discard it and cut another. You really need decent slips to work with, or you have no chance. You may trim the odd fiber sticking out of the tip, I won't tell. I've just married these strips myself, starting with black on the bottom, adding a strip at a time, going up. I found that I hold the base strip in the middle of the strip with the thumb and middle finger of my left hand, I then take the strip I want to add with my right and match its tip to the one I'm going to marry to (the one or ones in my left hand ). I then pinch both with my left hand, keeping them together, and push everything else together with my right. Then I grab the butts of all with my right, and "zip" with my left thumb and middle finger, causing the feathers to marry completely. Be careful when you're marrying strips to not get a strip flipped over. The curvature of the strip you're marrying must match the ones you've already done, or it won't marry. I like to stagger the slips slightly as I go up, so that the resulting wing has a curvature similar to that of a section of a feather. Lots of tiers do it this way, but Ron Alcott likes to make all the tips even. Am I going to argue with Ron Alcott? I think not. Do what you prefer. When all is said and done it should look something like this:
Boy that was easy. What could possibly go wrong here? Well, lots of things could go wrong actually. I've already talked about a strip getting "flipped", it'll never marry. To avoid this happening you could cut a strip at a time from your feathers, instead of cutting them all at once as I've done. It might be a good idea to do them this way at first, so you're less likely to flip a strip. You can actually get a feather sometimes which is of such poor quality that it won't even marry well to itself. Forget about that one, even if you get it to marry, when you tie it in the wing will fall apart. Make sure you've prepped your feathers, washed them in Woolite, gently dried them, and then steamed them. This will greatly help the ability of these feathers to marry, especially if they're from the dreaded golden pheasant tail. Some feathers are just tough to marry period, and two that leap to mind are macaw and golden pheasant tail. Of course, if you didn't follow my instructions and are trying to marry lefts to rights, you're doomed. One other thing can happen, and you really need to watch for this. Look out for "reverse curl" in your feather. You see a lot of this with turkey. It's where the tips of the feathers curl back up toward you as you look down on the top of the feather. Here's a shot of a turkey tail feather where the left side of the feather exhibits lots of reverse curl.
Mallard primaries do this naturally, as do goose primaries. It can be very frustrating to try to marry a left that has a ton of reverse curl to a left that doesn't. It can be done, but it might be best to try and straighten the feather out first. If it's goose or swan, you can iron out the reverse curl with an iron on very low heat with steam. If it's turkey, you can't. With turkey you can wet the feather and put the side of the feather where you want less curl in between the pages of a book, then stack more books on it. In about a month you should have a usable feather. I don't go through these contortions myself; I buy more feathers. That fits in with my life's plan of spending every available financial resource at my disposal on fly tying materials.
Can you marry lefts that have a lot of reverse curl to other lefts that have a lot of reverse curl? Yes, no problem. The Ray Meade shown at the top of the article was done that way. I had yellow and black swan feathers where the long sides had lots of reverse curl, so I went ahead and used them. Tying them in was a bit more difficult though than if I had been able to use the sides of the feathers without the reverse curl. Of course, those sides were too short.
So we've got our left wing completed, and now need to do the right. In order that your marrying technique stays consistent, it is a good idea to orient the feathers with the concave or bottom sides up, so that the slips you are going to cut, while still being rights, are available to you on the left. It's just easier to cut them off if you're right handed. So you'll start with the feathers like this:
Now cut slips like this:
Marry them, keeping the concave or bottom sides of the slips facing you, just as you would look at the far wing on a fly if you tied it in alone. Again, start with black on the bottom. It should wind up looking like this:
Here are both married wings, ready to tie in:
You'll notice that the right wing (far) is shorter than the left. That's because my right feathers didn't have enough strand length. It's a good idea to measure your feathers for strand length before you start. Measure your hook shank all the way to the bend of the hook, then add Ľ" or so, and try to get feathers with strands that are at least as long as the total. For instance, if I'm going to tie a 3/0 fly, and the shank length is 2", I'll need at least 2 and Ľ" strand length on all my feathers. You will spend your life trying to find feathers with enough strand length.
Marrying Single Strands
Marrying single strands might seem difficult at first, but there's a trick. Marry two or more strands of a feather in, then cull out everything but one strand with a bodkin or your scissors. If you plan correctly, you can then take the fibers that were culled out and use them as a group later. Let's say I want to marry two strands of yellow, then one of red, then two strands of yellow, then two of red. I'll start with three strands of red, marry it to the two of yellow, cull out the extra two strands of red, saving it for the two strands of red needed later. Not so hard after all.
Married Wings - Wet Flies
Marrying wings on wet flies can be a little confusing. You are generally using mallard quills here, as is traditional. You can use goose shoulders, but it's really not done much, and tends to get a little "wimpy." Mallard quill has a lot of reverse curl in the feathers, and because of that, if you use the techniques described above, lefts for near wings, rights for far, you will wind up with wings that have their tips out, pointing away from each other, like this:
How big a problem is this really? Not a problem at all, J. Edson Leonard liked his wet flies this way, and none other than the great Pennsylvania tier Don Bastian agrees, and now ties all his wet flies in this manner. It's great because you don't have to do anything differently; the wings are married and tied on just as you would full dress wings, but now the tips point out due to the reverse curl of the mallard quills. The "good" side of the feather shows on the outside of the wing with this method. Now let me throw in the monkey wrench. I personally don't tie my wet flies this way. One look at
by Ray Bergman will make my point. The flies I remember from the '60s didn't have their tips out, nor do the ones in
. But there is more than one way to skin a cat, and Don's way is certainly easier, and his results speak for themselves. If you'd rather get the "tips together" look, it's easily done. Once you've married the wings simply tie the "right" married feather in on the side toward you, and the "left" on the side away from you. In other words, reverse the left and right wings. Note that the "good" side of the feathers is now not showing. Now your fly will look like this:
However you do it, marrying wings on wet flies is a great way to get your feet wet with marrying wings in general. You're typically marrying only three slips, and if you use Don's method (tips out), it will lead directly toward full dress salmon fly wings. So I wholeheartedly recommend starting your marrying career doing some wet flies tips out, then moving on to full dress flies once you've gotten things down.
Some Conclusions
Marrying wings is either the easiest thing in the world, or the hardest depending on two factors. The first is your materials. Are they clean, steamed, fresh, undamaged, high quality matched pairs of feathers? Are these feathers free from a lot of reverse curl? Is their curvature generally the same? Are you cutting slips from the good area of these feathers (the middle third or slightly above)? The second factor is you. Have you gotten things laid out and prepped properly? Have you measured the strand length on your feathers? Are you working with just one group of feathers at a time (lefts or rights)? You haven't mixed up the rights and lefts have you? This is the kiss of death. You will NEVER marry a right to a left. Am I marrying good side to good side with my slips? In other words, do the curvatures of the slips I'm trying to marry match? If one gets flipped, you've got a problem. Are you working hard enough to get these things together? Manhandle these puppies. MAKE them go together. If you've done everything right, and they still won't marry solidly, throw one or more slips away. Try another feather. Don't take no for an answer. I like to swear at the feathers, but that may not be for everyone. Just keep in mind that it's natural for these fibers to want to marry, and chances are good that if they're not, it's your fault. Above all, have fun.
~ Eric Austin
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raison d'etre
Tech. Art. Games.
For me, that's what it's all about. An innovator with the discerning eye of an artist and the logical wiring of a programmer, I have been Technical Art Director, Creative Director, CTO, Production Manager, VFX Supervisor, Tech Artist, VFX Artist, Animator, and more. I have a cinematic background and can personally implement and direct most aspects of the art pipeline, tools, and DCC plugin development as well as high-level gameplay scripting in graphical editors such as Unreal Kismet. My teams excel at rapid prototyping, allowing for critical path decision-making under the pressure of tight production schedules. I firmly believe that every problem has an acceptable solution that can be reached through the right balance of trade-offs.
Rapid Prototyping | Art Tools Development and Pipelines | Shaders and Materials | Lighting | Rendering | Visual Effects | Console Graphics Profiling Tools (PIX\GPAD) | Art Performance Optimization | Unreal Engine 3 | Art Outsourcing | Documentation and Training
Shipped Game Credits (as Jesse Rapczak)
- DC Universe: Online
Shipped Game Credits (MobyGames as Exigent)
- Borderlands
- Brothers in Arms: Hell's Highway
- CLUE: Accusations and Alibis
- Kwari
- Sid Meier's Civilization: Revolution
- Uncharted 2: Among Thieves
Other Interactive
- AMD HK-2207 Demo
- AMD Ladybug Demo
- AMD Mecha Demo
- AMD March of the Froblins Demo
- AMD Samurai Demo
Film Credits (IMDb)
- Exorcist: The Beginning (CG effects artist)
- Catwoman (visual effects artist)
- George and the Dragon (visual effects artist)
- Scooby Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed (visual effects artist)
- Ask the Dust (previz artist)
More Stuff
The key videos from my site in (mostly) chronological order:


text:
Miranda Lambert Explains Why She's Waiting to Have Kids
Miranda Lambert and Blake Shelton have only been married for a few months, but nevertheless, they get asked regularly when they're planning to expand their country brood with kids. Lambert appeared on 'The Talk' on Monday to chat about her music with the circle of ladies, and she also answered the ever-pressing question again.
The 'Baggage Claim' singer insisted that babies are not on her brain at the moment, and in fact, she and Shelton are still trying to learn how to work together as a couple. They still keep separate farms a few miles apart from one another. "It's kind of cool because when we're at home, since we're on the road so much, we do like our space a little bit because we're not used to being together so much … I think that's gonna be good for us. 'Go to your house, you're getting on my nerves,'" she said, joking with the talk show hosts.
While Lambert does admit to getting baby fever, they won't be starting a family right now — at least not a human one. "Every time I'm like, 'Aww, kids are so cute.' Then a friend of mine will come over with their kids running absolutely everywhere, crazy. I'm like, 'Maybe we should wait a while,'" she spilled.
"I rescue animals and we have eight dogs. It's like a 'Brady Bunch,'" she added.


text:
Jack Balkin:
jackbalkin at yahoo.com
Bruce Ackerman
bruce.ackerman at yale.edu
Ian Ayres
ian.ayres at yale.edu
Corey Brettschneider
corey_brettschneider at brown.edu
Mary Dudziak
mary.l.dudziak at emory.edu
Joey Fishkin
joey.fishkin at gmail.com
Heather Gerken heather.gerken at yale.edu
Abbe Gluck abbe.gluck at yale.edu
Mark Graber
mgraber at law.umaryland.edu
Stephen Griffin
sgriffin at tulane.edu
Jonathan Hafetz
jonathan.hafetz at shu.edu
Jeremy Kessler
jkessler at law.columbia.edu
Andrew Koppelman
akoppelman at law.northwestern.edu
Marty Lederman
msl46 at law.georgetown.edu
Sanford Levinson
slevinson at law.utexas.edu
David Luban
david.luban at gmail.com
Gerard Magliocca
gmaglioc at iupui.edu
Jason Mazzone
mazzonej at illinois.edu
Linda McClain
lmcclain at bu.edu
John Mikhail
mikhail at law.georgetown.edu
Frank Pasquale
pasquale.frank at gmail.com
Nate Persily
npersily at gmail.com
Michael Stokes Paulsen
michaelstokespaulsen at gmail.com
Deborah Pearlstein
dpearlst at yu.edu
Rick Pildes
rick.pildes at nyu.edu
David Pozen
dpozen at law.columbia.edu
Richard Primus
raprimus at umich.edu
K. Sabeel Rahmansabeel.rahman at brooklaw.edu
Alice Ristroph
alice.ristroph at shu.edu
Neil Siegel
siegel at law.duke.edu
David Super
david.super at law.georgetown.edu
Brian Tamanaha
btamanaha at wulaw.wustl.edu
Nelson Tebbe
nelson.tebbe at brooklaw.edu
Mark Tushnet
mtushnet at law.harvard.edu
Adam Winkler
winkler at ucla.edu
Compendium of posts on Hobby Lobby and related cases
The Anti-Torture Memos: Balkinization Posts on Torture, Interrogation, Detention, War Powers, and OLC
The Anti-Torture Memos (arranged by topic)
Recent Posts
Looking more like Weimar (in the '20s) every day
Friday, July 22, 2011
Looking more like Weimar (in the '20s) every day
Sandy Levinson
During the heyday of the late, unlamented Bush Administration, I wrote a number of posts suggesting the value of reading Carl Schmitt, the brilliant political and legal theorist of Weimar Germany (who ended up supporting Hitler in the '30s). In The Crisis of Parliamentary Democracy, written in 1923, he argued, among other things, that Parliament was incapable of functioning because of the nature of the German party system. There was no serious sense in which Parliament was a forum for "deliberation," which requires, for example, that people with opposing views actually listen seriously to one another and possibly even be influenced by reason-based arguments from their opponents. Instead, if parliamentarians spoke at all, they really were speaking to their base outside the halls of Parliament and trying to rev them up for the near-warfare among the central parties. Since no one party had control of Parliament, thanks to the system of proportional representation, this meant the frequent invocation of Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution, which effectively transferred decisionmaking power to the German President: "If public security and order are seriously disturbed or endangered within the Reich, the President of the Reich may take measures necessary for their restoration, intervening if need be with the assistance of the armed forces. For this purpose he may suspend for a while, in whole or in part, the fundamental rights provided in Articles 114, 115, 117, 118, 123, 124 and 153."
If the fourteenth amendment justified the president exercising one of the powers reserved to congress, borrowing money, why doesn't it justify him exercising others, such as cutting spending on raising taxes? Obama could invoke the fourteenth amendment and enact the Grand Bargain himself! Or he could just hike the top marginal rate up to 80% until the House GOP cried uncle.
SL's blurb for Posner and Vermeule, The Executive Unbound
"This is a book that will, for many readers, both illuminate and infuriate. It is the most full-throated embrace in recent years of the very important (and always controversial) jurisprudential theories associated with Carl Schmitt, particularly with regard to the accretion of power in the Executive Branch. If their views become widely accepted, American law--or at least the American legal academy--will never be the same again."
Is it not a sign of the Weimarization of American politics that you (and seemingly every reviewer) can't call fascism by its name?
Your arguments concerning the constitution and the senate are similarly academic, focusing on ideas rather than behavior, and from an illusory model of objectivity. Multiparty democracy works when people and their representatives have and recognize divided loyalties to their subgroups and the larger community. Republicans and democrats need to admit the tension between loyalty to party and country, as lawyers divide their loyalty between client and court. Rules cannot mandate maturity. You're forever arguing about changing the rules, as if rules were the cause rather than the result. The republicans are ideologues, but Obama is defending himself more than the country. JB's argument that the expansion of executive authority is a given, license Posner's arguments just as assumptions as to the ubiquity of greed license greed as self-fulfilling prophesy.
"The best lack all conviction" and philosophizing can be fiddle playing.
But part of the story of Weimar is the left's disconnection and its belief that the right was too "crazy" to govern.
It is a book that will be for many readers, enlighten and enrage. Throat is the most complete embrace of the past years, the very important (and still controversial) jurisprudential theories related to Carl Schmitt, particularly in relation to the growing power of the executive. If their views are widely accepted, U.S. law - Or at least to the American legal academy - will never be the same.
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For Republicans, the best thing would be for Democrats and President Obama to act on their own to raise the debt ceiling, thereby staving off the negative consequences of default, and allowing Republicans to campaign for the next year and a half against the "out of control spending" of the other party.
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Books by Balkinization Bloggers
Sanford Levinson, Written in Stone: Public Monuments in Changing Societies (Duke University Press 2018)
Mark A. Graber, Sanford Levinson, and Mark Tushnet, eds., Constitutional Democracy in Crisis? (Oxford University Press 2018)
Gerard Magliocca, The Heart of the Constitution: How the Bill of Rights became the Bill of Rights (Oxford University Press, 2018)
Cynthia Levinson and Sanford Levinson, Fault Lines in the Constitution: The Framers, Their Fights, and the Flaws that Affect Us Today (Peachtree Publishers, 2017)
Brian Z. Tamanaha, A Realistic Theory of Law (Cambridge University Press 2017)
Sanford Levinson, Nullification and Secession in Modern Constitutional Thought (University Press of Kansas 2016)
Sanford Levinson, An Argument Open to All: Reading The Federalist in the 21st Century (Yale University Press 2015)
Stephen M. Griffin, Broken Trust: Dysfunctional Government and Constitutional Reform (University Press of Kansas, 2015)
Frank Pasquale, The Black Box Society: The Secret Algorithms That Control Money and Information (Harvard University Press, 2015)
Bruce Ackerman, We the People, Volume 3: The Civil Rights Revolution (Harvard University Press, 2014)
Balkinization Symposium on We the People, Volume 3: The Civil Rights Revolution
Joseph Fishkin, Bottlenecks: A New Theory of Equal Opportunity (Oxford University Press, 2014)
Mark A. Graber, A New Introduction to American Constitutionalism (Oxford University Press, 2013)
John Mikhail, Elements of Moral Cognition: Rawls' Linguistic Analogy and the Cognitive Science of Moral and Legal Judgment (Cambridge University Press, 2013)
Gerard N. Magliocca, American Founding Son: John Bingham and the Invention of the Fourteenth Amendment (New York University Press, 2013)
Stephen M. Griffin, Long Wars and the Constitution (Harvard University Press, 2013)
Andrew Koppelman, The Tough Luck Constitution and the Assault on Health Care Reform (Oxford University Press, 2013)
James E. Fleming and Linda C. McClain, Ordered Liberty: Rights, Responsibilities, and Virtues (Harvard University Press, 2013)
Balkinization Symposium on Ordered Liberty: Rights, Responsibilities, and Virtues
Andrew Koppelman, Defending American Religious Neutrality (Harvard University Press, 2013)
Brian Z. Tamanaha, Failing Law Schools (University of Chicago Press, 2012)
Sanford Levinson, Framed: America's 51 Constitutions and the Crisis of Governance (Oxford University Press, 2012)
Linda C. McClain and Joanna L. Grossman, Gender Equality: Dimensions of Women's Equal Citizenship (Cambridge University Press, 2012)
Mary Dudziak, War Time: An Idea, Its History, Its Consequences (Oxford University Press, 2012)
Jack M. Balkin, Living Originalism (Harvard University Press, 2011)
Jason Mazzone, Copyfraud and Other Abuses of Intellectual Property Law (Stanford University Press, 2011)
Richard W. Garnett and Andrew Koppelman, First Amendment Stories, (Foundation Press 2011)
Jack M. Balkin, Constitutional Redemption: Political Faith in an Unjust World (Harvard University Press, 2011)
Gerard Magliocca, The Tragedy of William Jennings Bryan: Constitutional Law and the Politics of Backlash (Yale University Press, 2011)
Bernard Harcourt, The Illusion of Free Markets: Punishment and the Myth of Natural Order (Harvard University Press, 2010)
Bruce Ackerman, The Decline and Fall of the American Republic (Harvard University Press, 2010)
Balkinization Symposium on The Decline and Fall of the American Republic
Ian Ayres. Carrots and Sticks: Unlock the Power of Incentives to Get Things Done (Bantam Books, 2010)
Mark Tushnet, Why the Constitution Matters (Yale University Press 2010)
Ian Ayres and Barry Nalebuff: Lifecycle Investing: A New, Safe, and Audacious Way to Improve the Performance of Your Retirement Portfolio (Basic Books, 2010)
Jack M. Balkin, The Laws of Change: I Ching and the Philosophy of Life (2d Edition, Sybil Creek Press 2009)
Brian Z. Tamanaha, Beyond the Formalist-Realist Divide: The Role of Politics in Judging (Princeton University Press 2009)
Andrew Koppelman and Tobias Barrington Wolff, A Right to Discriminate?: How the Case of Boy Scouts of America v. James Dale Warped the Law of Free Association (Yale University Press 2009)
Jack M. Balkin and Reva B. Siegel, The Constitution in 2020 (Oxford University Press 2009)
Heather K. Gerken, The Democracy Index: Why Our Election System Is Failing and How to Fix It (Princeton University Press 2009)
Mary Dudziak, Exporting American Dreams: Thurgood Marshall's African Journey (Oxford University Press 2008)
David Luban, Legal Ethics and Human Dignity (Cambridge Univ. Press 2007)
Ian Ayres, Super Crunchers: Why Thinking-By-Numbers is the New Way to be Smart (Bantam 2007)
Jack M. Balkin, James Grimmelmann, Eddan Katz, Nimrod Kozlovski, Shlomit Wagman and Tal Zarsky, eds., Cybercrime: Digital Cops in a Networked Environment (N.Y.U. Press 2007)
Jack M. Balkin and Beth Simone Noveck, The State of Play: Law, Games, and Virtual Worlds (N.Y.U. Press 2006)
Andrew Koppelman, Same Sex, Different States: When Same-Sex Marriages Cross State Lines (Yale University Press 2006)
Brian Tamanaha, Law as a Means to an End (Cambridge University Press 2006)
Sanford Levinson, Our Undemocratic Constitution (Oxford University Press 2006)
Mark Graber, Dred Scott and the Problem of Constitutional Evil (Cambridge University Press 2006)
Jack M. Balkin, ed., What Roe v. Wade Should Have Said (N.Y.U. Press 2005)
Sanford Levinson, ed., Torture: A Collection (Oxford University Press 2004)
Balkin.com homepage
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IAPAC Hosts HIV Pharmacoeconomics Summit
May 2004
In many respects, the frontline of the fight against HIV/AIDS left the economically wealthy countries of North America and Europe sometime around the mid- to late 1990s. Researchers had developed effective treatment in the form of antiretroviral therapy, and the governments of these wealthy nations were able to guarantee access to antiretroviral drugs as "essential medicines." Morbidity and mortality decreased dramatically in countries such as the United States, and the most urgent goal for HIV medicine and AIDS advocacy became addressing the reprehensible global treatment gap that makes antiretroviral drugs unavailable to the millions who continue to die of AIDS-related illnesses in resource-poor countries.
However, given that there is neither a cure for AIDS nor a viable vaccine, and treatment remains an expensive, life-long endeavor, sustainability is vitally important to the world's response. Where there has been success in providing antiretroviral therapy to patients, we must ask how well the commitment is being maintained. And, in the case of the United States, where HIV/AIDS was first detected and responded to, and which has been the site of most breakthrough research discoveries, the unfortunate answer is "poorly."
As cited repeatedly during a day-long summit held April 6, 2004, in Washington, DC, entitled "Examining the PHARMACOEconomics of US AIDS Drug Access," the latest estimates count approximately 800 HIV-positive patients on waiting lists to access HIV/AIDS care, including antiretroviral therapy, through various state AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAPs), designed to provide coverage for under- or uninsured Americans. At the summit, which was hosted by the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (IAPAC), clinicians, policy experts, patient advocates, pharmaceutical industry representatives, government officials, and other delegates who had gathered to discuss contentious issues around AIDS drug access generally agreed in predicting that this sobering statistic would increase. Indeed, the National Alliance of State and Territorial AIDS Directors (NASTAD) announced a day later its new estimate of the number of HIV-positive patients on ADAP waiting lists: over 1,200.
Patients are being made to wait for the antiretroviral therapy they need for reasons that tend to build on each other. Pharmaceutical companies are raising the prices of old agents, and charging unprecedented rates for new ones, even as government programs to provide treatment receive near flat, flat, or decreased funding from federal and many state governments.
These programs become responsible for more and more patients because antiretroviral therapy greatly increases life expectancy, but also because the same tight economic environment that makes it difficult for government to increase its spending means growing numbers of Americans are unable to afford private insurance that covers HIV treatment. Patients falling in and out of private insurance coverage, in addition to increasing HIV incidence among many Americans who have never been privately insured for healthcare, translates into an increased burden on an already strained government safety net.
These weaknesses are emblematic of a system cobbled together on the fly -- one that has much to recommend it in its ability to develop and provide antiretroviral therapy to thousands of Americans over the years, but that bespeaks, perhaps, an emphasis on quick responses over long-term planning.
There is great variation from one state to the next, confusion about which programs cover which patients, and a mountain of paperwork required to gain entrance to treatment programs. In one infamous irony, Medicaid, the system of federally funded state programs that pays for healthcare for Americans who are disabled and, in some states, below a certain income threshold, does not cover HIV-positive patients until they have an AIDS-defining illness. The ADAP was meant to fill this gap, covering patients who are living with HIV but who have not yet developed AIDS, but Medicaid often has better benefits and is a federally guaranteed entitlement. Despite overwhelming evidence that antiretroviral therapy is best started long before patients are symptomatic, they are sometimes asked, in essence, to get sicker before they are offered better coverage.
With regard to developing and selling medicines, a system that does not regulate drug prices, despite granting exclusive marketing rights to pharmaceutical companies, may be credited with establishing a research-friendly environment, and all summit presenters agreed that profit incentives had been effective catalysts for past drug development and would be needed in future. Many expressed fears, however, that absolute freedom to set prices was leading to costs that are too much for public and private payers to bear. This thorny dilemma is in many ways the same that is being debated about pricing of all pharmaceutical products in the United States, and that has come to a head over the issue of re-importation of drugs, at price-controlled rates, from Canada, many European countries, and Mexico. Immediate AIDS-specific points of concern include Abbott Laboratories' 400 percent price increase of ritonavir (RTV), the high cost of Roche Laboratories' enfuvirtide (ENF), and a general pattern of increasing prices for new antiretroviral drugs entering the market.
In discussing and debating the best ways to address these growing concerns, the concept stressed by the experts gathered at IAPAC's summit was "balance." There must be a way for society to ensure access to drugs that mean the difference between life and death, even in a time of increased budget constraints. There must be a way to balance profitability, and, thus, continued research and development, with drug pricing that does not cause impossible strain on the system. As IAPAC President/CEO José M. Zuniga stated in his opening remarks, economic realities and ethical imperatives can, and must, co-exist.
Zuniga summed up the current state of HIV/AIDS treatment in the United States as "the best of times, and the worst of times." On the one hand, there are 19 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antiretroviral agents, as well as three fixed-dose combinations. Death rates and AIDS diagnoses have fallen dramatically. Where 50,610 people with AIDS died in 1995, only 16,371 died in 2002.
One good example of the much-touted success of antiretroviral therapy came from Michael Allerton, HIV/AIDS Operations Policy Coordinator with Kaiser Permanente's Permanente Medical Group. Among the nearly 15,000 patients living with HIV/AIDS who receive care from the giant health maintenance organization (HMO), the mortality rate has been less than 1 percent per year for the last six years. This figure "includes all fatalities, so some of those individuals were killed in car accidents or died of heart attacks," explained Allerton. Successful treatment can truly turn HIV/AIDS into a manageable chronic illness.
But increasingly physicians and allied healthcare professionals have to manage more than antiretroviral therapy. They have the difficult task of helping patients maintain healthcare coverage, and debating whether to begin therapy when coverage gaps might mean a break in treatment. Economic constraints are pressing into the ability of healthcare professionals to make decisions based on what they know is the ideal from a purely clinical standpoint.
This other side of the "best of times, and worst of times" divide is marked not only by the ADAP waiting lists, but by socioeconomic and epidemiological factors that are exacerbating the holes in what Christine Lubinski, Executive Director of the HIV Medicine Association (HIVMA), called "a fragmented patchwork of a healthcare system that links access to healthcare with employment, disability, age, sometimes poverty, and other factors" and which offers "no guarantee of continuity of care."
The list of entities that pay for AIDS drugs is a long one: Medicaid, private health insurance plans, ADAPs, Veterans Administration (VA), US Department of Defense (DOD), Medicare, and a miscellaneous grouping of charities and other state funds. And, as Lubinski made clear, there is tremendous variability of coverage within most of these categories of payers. One state Medicaid plan or ADAP has more stringent eligibility requirements than another; some formularies of available drugs are very broad, others quite narrow. Although data are sparse on drug coverage through private insurance, there is no doubt that different plans offer vastly different coverage.
Allerton pointed out that the categories are not necessarily discrete in terms of how people living with HIV/AIDS receive healthcare coverage. Those who have private insurance that is insufficient may rely on ADAP for additional coverage, and that will probably be more and more the case as private insurance plans raise premiums, increase co-pays, and, particularly with regard to HIV/AIDS, impose caps on annual spending. Lubinski reported that Mutual of Omaha did just that (and defeated a lawsuit challenging the decision) in the late 1990s.
Many of the same cost-cutting measures are being implemented in government programs. Lanny Cross, who manages ADAP for the New York State Department of Health, told summit delegates that Medicaid and ADAPs in many states are limiting prescription refills, capping enrollment, and restricting the criteria for medical and financial eligibility. Lubinski reported that the new Medicare law, signed by US President George W. Bush in late 2003, means older people living with HIV/AIDS will be able to receive drug coverage from the entitlement for the first time. However, Lubinski pointed out that among other concerns, the coverage may not be better than what patients currently have, and rules require them to agree to a long-term plan before learning all the coverage details.
All of these programs are at the budgeting mercy of lawmakers. For example, ADAP has received relatively small percentage increases from the US Congress over the last several years -- from approximately US$714 million in fiscal year 2003 to US$749 million in fiscal year 2004. About the same percentage increase is likely in fiscal year 2005, and it will not cover the estimated need. Medicaid, which is the largest single payer for HIV/AIDS treatment, has more secure federal funding, but both programs are heavily dependent upon state budgets, which are currently in notoriously bad shape nationwide. Unlike the US Congress, many state legislatures are required to pass a balanced budget, putting further constraints on funding decisions.
The states that tend to do the worst at supplementing federal money are often small Western and Southern states. These receive less federal money to begin with, by virtue of their smaller HIV populations. They are often in budget crunches, either because of depressed economies or a conservative ethos that calls for keeping taxes low. Having a smaller HIV community also comes into play again because there is not the constituent lobbying power of states such as California or New York.
Apart from an inadequate supply of public money, the other strain on payers' budgets, which was a major focus of summit discussion, is the increasing amount that payers are paying for prescription drugs. As people with HIV/AIDS are living longer, and as antiretroviral therapy is becoming more expensive, the pharmaceutical portion of most payers' healthcare budgets is straining. Allerton reported that although people living with HIV/AIDS make up less than 1 percent of Kaiser Permanente's total patient population, they account for the second highest total pharmacy costs. (Patients treated for depression make up the highest cost.)
As one presenter noted, however, these costs may need to be put into some perspective. Tufts University's Joshua P. Cohen, who is a Senior Research Fellow at the university's Center for the Study of Drug Development, argued that pharmaceuticals, not just for HIV/AIDS, but in general, are in many ways a bargain because they represent a much smaller cost burden than that of hospitalization and other healthcare services. According to Cohen, although costs for prescription drugs have risen as a percentage of what private and public third-party payers spend, they represent only 9 percent of the total healthcare expenditure in the United States. Patrick G. Clay of the University of Missouri and the Kansas City Free Health Clinic presented data showing the positive cost/benefit trade-off for antiretroviral therapy, stating that one hospital stay for the common opportunistic infection Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia costs more than a year's worth of antiretroviral drugs.
As Cross pointed out, however, those savings are sometimes missed by a system such as ADAP, which essentially only covers the cost of drugs. There are no offset hospital costs, at least not visible ones, and the appearance to lawmakers may be only of consistently growing expenses as more patients are entering and utilizing the system and living longer.
There was general agreement, as well, that increasing numbers of patients covered each year cannot alone account for the unmanageable costs experienced by third-party payers. The high and increasing price of antiretroviral drugs is also a factor. Even if the use of those drugs eliminates the theoretical cost that would have to be paid for hospital visits if those drugs did not exist, that does not mean that any price, or price increase, is reasonable. Cross presented data showing a jump in pricing that began with efavirenz (EFV) in 1998 and continued through five of the next six new antiretroviral drugs. Abacavir (ABC), tenofovir (TDF), ENF, atazanavir (ATV), and fosamprenavir (FPV) are all priced near or above the higher price point established by EFV. Other agents, such as azidothymydine (AZT), the first FDA-approved antiretroviral drug, have undergone steady price increases that are greater than would be required to compensate for inflation. These price increases have real effects on access. Even when price increases are accompanied by industry-sponsored compassionate access plans for people receiving government aid, Allerton said, the strain is felt throughout the system because private insurance plans raise their rates to compensate, forcing more people into already over-burdened public healthcare plans.
It is important to note that all those prices are averages. An additional problem is the fact that no two buyers actually pay the same price for a given drug. Instead, they each work out their own private agreements with the various pharmaceutical companies, some getting much better deals than others, no one knowing what anybody else is paying. Imperfect information is known by economists to create market inefficiencies, and the pharmaceuticals market is no exception. When pricing data do become available, they reveal some rather backward results. For example, in a 2001 study, Medicaid -- again, the largest single buyer of antiretroviral drugs -- was found to pay 33 percent more on average for antiretroviral drugs than other federal programs, Lubinski said. And there is variance within the Medicaid system, with Georgia paying the highest prices of the 10 states with the most HIV cases, while Massachusetts pays the lowest prices. In general, patients without any coverage at all, who have no one to bargain on their behalf, pay the highest prices for prescription drugs.
Another arcane process is the internal debate that pharmaceutical companies hold regarding what they should set as their average wholesale price (AWP), the "list price" that becomes the starting point for negotiations with different buyers. How do companies decide what to charge? How does that price relate to research expenses, marketing expenses, and overall profits? The generally touted figure of US$800 million that is estimated for a company to bring a new drug to market from point of conception to research and development through clinical trials, remains a matter of much controversy. Although several pharmaceutical industry representatives attended the IAPAC summit, most said they could not speak to these questions, citing federal regulations designed to prevent collusion by prohibiting companies from discussing their pricing decisions.
During discussion, a consultant who works closely with an antiretroviral drug manufacturer -- he asked not to be identified -- described the pricing process. He portrayed it as an internal debate between such factions as the marketing team, whose goal is to maximize profits, and the public affairs team, which often seeks to guard against the company receiving a "black eye" for raising prices to a level that the patient and provider communities will view as unfair.
In his book, Elements of Pharmaceutical Pricing, E.M. Kolassa, an acknowledged pricing expert and frequent industry consultant, also emphasizes that pricing negotiations hinge on perceptions. He essentially argues that prices should be set at the highest possible level that will not instigate public backlash, taking into consideration the likelihood that affected groups are willing and able to act on their indignation. Setting prices based on costs is singled out as a very bad way to proceed.
Instead, Kolassa urges decision-makers to think about such factors as who actually pays for a type of drug, saying that if patients are usually covered by public or private payers, so they do not see costs themselves, the pharmaceutical company should charge more. He points to research showing that high prices for drugs treating certain types of indications are more likely to incur patient ire than are others, saying that acute illness and highly symptomatic chronic illness leave the most room for high prices. Other considerations are company needs, competition, and the company's preparedness to defend a high price against attack or promote the benefits of a low price. According to Kolassa, surrounding and superceding all these considerations is public policy.
"In the foreseeable future, a company must consider the responses and actions of government officials and patient advocates when setting a price," he writes.
In light of all that, it would seem that advocacy and working with the pharmaceutical industry to make companies aware of problems and concerns is becoming very important. Indeed, Zuniga and Allerton, among other presenters and delegates, specifically called for more and greater communication and activism, making clear that higher prices have real effects on the viability of the system and, therefore, people's lives.
Such efforts, however, are often frustrating. Some advocates who participated in what might be the most ambitious efforts to work with industry around pricing of AIDS drugs -- the ADAP Crisis Task Force and the Fair Pricing Coalition -- attended the summit and reported mixed results. The task force has been the more successful of the two, bringing together state ADAP or AIDS directors from 10 large states to negotiate ADAP-specific discounts for all ADAPs, and saving an estimated US$60-65 million in the first round, Cross reported.
The coalition's efforts to establish lower overall prices, however, have not been very effective. Comprised of treatment advocates and government healthcare officials, the coalition attempts to work with pharmaceutical industry senior managers on pricing decisions. They emphasize the need for lower initial prices of new drugs and price freezes for existing drugs. Cross and Lei Chou of the AIDS Treatment Advocacy Coalition (ATAC) reported that their efforts were largely unsuccessful. They had multiple meetings with decision makers and presented their data, but the companies, with some variance from one to the next, continued to bring in new drugs at or above existing price points and either refused or quickly reversed price freezes for older drugs. Chou said he felt "deceived."
The industry consultant, who, on condition of anonymity, described the pricing decision process, said that a company often does not see the multiplied effect of price increases. Raising the price of their one drug by 6 percent seems insignificant, but when all companies are acting similarly, it can have a tremendous market impact. The companies simply do not recognize the overall effect, he said, positing that antitrust laws preventing companies from discussing pricing in each other's presence might play a role in that myopia.
Even if companies do see the impact of their pricing decisions, of course, they are under no obligation to act accordingly. They are given the ultimate power to decide how maximizing profits will be balanced against setting prices to facilitate accessibility. According to Kolassa, "In healthcare markets, we are granted the unique authority, by virtue of the products that are developed, to charge whatever we wish. ... We have the peculiar ability to say to a patient, 'It's your money or your life.'" Even provided that industry takes that responsibility seriously, and strives for pricing that does not create barriers to access, as Kolassa goes on to suggest, there is no official oversight.
The traditional argument is that any attempt to tinker with industry's ability to set its own prices will result in reduced profitability and, thus, less of the research and development that is a benefit to everyone. There was general agreement at the summit that profits must be ensured as an incentive for research. Perhaps, however, it would be wrong to take for granted that any outside pricing intervention would cripple the industry. According to a Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation study, average profits for pharmaceutical companies from 1994-2001 were 17.2 percent, by far the highest of any legal industry, and considerably greater than the 4.6 percent that was the average for all Fortune 500 companies. Warnings of an end to research and development due to past regulation such as 1984's Hatch-Waxman Act (which effectively created the generics market) and 1990's Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act or "OBRA 90," (which attempted to reduce Medicaid expenses) proved unfounded. Data from Fortune magazine, in fact, reveal that net profit as a percentage of sales actually increased rather dramatically in the years immediately following those regulatory changes, and they have not fallen off since.
Although time constraints for the first of several fora IAPAC intends to convene on this topic did not allow for many specific suggestions for reforming the pricing process, there was a sense among presenters and most delegates that the time for doing something along those lines might be upon us. It was also generally agreed that reforms should be broadly conceived in terms of both their impact and the actors involved in creating them.
Zuniga suggested a "mixed basket" of solutions, including industry profit concessions, but also review and amendment of the prescription drug system as a whole, increased federal and state ADAP funding, and increased attention to keeping people living with HIV/AIDS in private insurance plans. Benjamin Young, a physician with the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center and an IAPAC member, has been an outspoken critic of recent industry pricing decisions. He echoed the need for inclusive decision making in a "Call to Action" he delivered to end the summit.
Access to life-saving care must be recognized as a human right, Young said. And, though access to profits might also be a type of universal right, it is one that should be balanced against the greater human mandate to save lives. He called for an "unprecedented collaboration" between government, patients, advocates, physicians, allied healthcare workers, and industry to re-think all current operating procedures and inject a greater sense of ethics and community responsibility into every decision. He suggested this simple litmus test for policy decisions: "Are the strategies that you are developing consistent with how you would take care of your grandmother?" If the answer is no, Young said, those strategies should be changed.
Mark D. Wagner is Director of Communications at the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care.
Senate Rejects Amendment to Add $1 Billion Global AIDS Initiative, Amendment to Increase ADAP Funding
This article was provided by International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care. It is a part of the publication IAPAC Monthly.


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Deutsche Telekom CEO Rene Obermann just stated in an investors' day meeting that T-Mobile USA will be launching Apple products in 2013, and speculation is heavy that that will include the iPhone.
No details are available yet, but in order to get the iPhone successfully up and running on T-Mobile USA, Apple would have to add support for HSPA on the AWS spectrum, or T-Mobile will need to greatly increase their 3G support on the non-AWS spectrum, or both. T-Mobile has been deploying iPhone-friendly 3G in several markets this year, so it could well be the latter.
And that's just 3G. They still haven't even left the gate when it comes to LTE. T-Mo's merger with MetroPCS could give them the resources they need to begin building out LTE, but Verizon, AT&T, and even Sprint certainly aren't going to make catching up easy.
So, there's a lot of work ahead. But hey, after 5 years and pretty much every other carrier, it's a start, right?


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I would like to hire an Engineer
Budsjett $3000-5000 USD
I would like to hire a mechanical and civil engineer to design a 8 unit multi tenant building with off street parking
9 frilansere byr i snitt $3809 for denne jobben
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Hi, What kind of solution for the slabas are you thinking about? Is that a steel frame building? Regards
Hey please share your photos/ design/ ideas/ concept and receive a good deliverable. I'm basically MACHINE DESIGN ENGINEER. I have a very good expertise in Machine design calculation, 3D modelling, Finite Element Analy Mer


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Hello I will be going to high school after this summer and I never realy went to school before(I homeschooled all my life) and I'll have to get to the high school system...Like tests and stuff coul danyone tell me what kind of stuff they did?:dunno
Hey, dude! I was homeschooled too! But I had to teach myself highschool math. So I guess that also makes me self schooled.
I know the feeling. I'm probably going to go into a college this fall and I've never set foot in a classroom. Scary stuff! x_x
A logarithm is just a misspelled algorithm.
Yeah mostly I self school my self.
But I'm very nervous about highschool.
I guess it really depends on the high school, or the college in mikau's case. If it is a good one, then you will really enjoy yourself.
I did correspondence in my late teens because my family was travelling. I then went straight to Uni. I remember being impressed with all the gear in the laboratories.
It can be hard at first as you catch up on areas you may have missed out on (note: if you are ahead in one area it doesn't seem to balance what you are behind in)
And socially I had some catching up, because I knew nobody, but nearly everyone else had one or two friends there already. But after a few weeks I had a circle of friends and it was great!
"The physicists defer only to mathematicians, and the mathematicians defer only to God ..." - Leon M. Lederman
Hoo...umm...what kinds of stuff I did...well...I quit.
In the middle of my junior year, I couldn't take the inanity any longer and I quit. Read a lot of library books for a year or so, then went to college. I'm now studying Chemical Engineering and doing fine.
So I guess I'm the opposite of you; I grew up schooled and finished homeschooled.
But don't worry, a lot of people aren't like me. They loved high school for some reason. There's nothing to say you can't be one of them.
Don't worry about tests. Tests are a piece of cake, especially in High School. Just pay attention when your teacher's talking. They generally go over things so many times that it's hard not to remember them when you take the test.
With tests, fear is your enemy. Fear degrades your ability to reason and remember things. I'm sure you'll find before too long that there's really nothing to worry about anyway.
Being a homeschooler, you know how you learn best. High school will force you to learn how some crock-brained educational theorist thinks you should learn. They will try to make you work harder than you need to in order to learn the material. The trick is to somehow do their way your way, and not let the busywork get you down.
What am I talking about? I failed at that so dramatically that I'm not even sure if it's possible.
I'm trying to be reassuring. I really am. I wish you the best of luck and hope you're successful and stuff.
El que pega primero pega dos veces.
"What am I talking about? I failed at that so dramatically that I'm not even sure if it's possible." lol. Thats pretty cool you dropped out and taught yourself.
A lot of people who are serious about learning seem to prefer college to highschool. In college, kids are there because they chose to go there. In high school, they're there because they're required by law. Of course theres always the idiot who goes to college to party it up and all but they usually don't last long since there grades are bad. At least thats what I heard.
"High school will force you to learn how some crock-brained educational theorist thinks you should learn."
Eek! Crock brained teachers? Sometimes I'm really glad I was homeschooled....
A logarithm is just a misspelled algorithm.
"Eek! Crock brained teachers? Sometimes I'm really glad I was homeschooled...."
Not teachers. Theorists. Administrators. Curriculum writers. Higher-ups. You know, The Man. Even an amazing teacher can only do so much with the system (s)he's given.
Teachers sometimes, too. I'd say about half the time, actually.
El que pega primero pega dos veces.
A lot of people who are serious about learning seem to prefer college to highschool. In college, kids are there because they chose to go there. In high school, they're there because they're required by law. Of course theres always the idiot who goes to college to party it up and all but they usually don't last long since there grades are bad. At least thats what I heard.
The vast majority succeed in doing both. Myself included.
"In the real world, this would be a problem. But in mathematics, we can just define a place where this problem doesn't exist. So we'll go ahead and do that now..."
Thank you everybody.
Mom says I can drop out of high school if i want and self school myself but Ithink i am going to give it a try.:)
Dropping out is failure.
Failure is weakness.
Weakness spawns fear.
Fear spawns rebellion.
Rebellion is only there to be crushed by the strong.
Boy let me tell you what:
I bet you didn't know it, but I'm a fiddle player too.
And if you'd care to take a dare, I'll make a bet with you.
Not realy.
I could drop out and learn more.
Everyone finds school challenging in different ways and people have their own ways of dealing with it. There's not much more to be said really...
With tests, make sure you know exactly what will be in it, and what you need to learn. Then, all you can do is revise and basically just know your stuff. If you haven't had much experience with tests, it might be a good idea to do some practise completing set tasks in time limits.
You may get assignments, and don't leave them to the last minute. You'll need to have good time management and prioritise your work. Be organised!
Even if school gets hard, keep going and I'm sure it will be worthwhile. Good luck with whatever happens.


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Home > Battle of Mill Springs, Kentucky...
Battle of Mill Springs, Kentucky...
Item # 646626
January 24, 1862
NEW YORK HERALD, January 24, 1862 Among the ftpg. one column heads are: "Important From Kentucky" "Additional Details of the Battle of Mill Spring" "Desperate & Decisive Bayonet Charge of the Union Troops" "General Buell Master of the Situation in Kentucky" "The Burnside Expedition" "An Attack Anticipated in Newbern and Roanoke Island, North Carolina" and more.
Eight pages, some spotted foxing at the top, nice condition.
Category: Yankee


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Weihai Dingyuan ship: located at the Shandong Province sight fluttering flags' coast city Weihai's city lively region, the main body landscape to press the original condition duplication reappearance the end of the Qing Beiyang navy flagship "Dingyuan".
The Dingyuan ship is the Chinese Qing Dynasty entrusts the German VOR Clang Shipyard manufacture, the Dingyuan level armored vessel to have two, respectively be Dingyuan and Zhenyuan, two ships started in 1885 to serve, becomes the clear Beiyang naval forces the main force battleship, but Dingyuan simultaneously for Beiyang naval forces flagship. The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95 Beiyang naval forces draw back into Weihaiwei, the Dingyuan Japanese forces torpedo boat hit, are compelled to reach a deadlock. Finally the fort which seizes after the Japanese forces is hit by on land drowns oneself. The Dingyuan ship is honored as "the Asian first great ship", he had once composed on the Chinese sea magnificent past events.
The duplication "Dingyuan" the commemoration ship, mainly and shipboard two major part is composed of the ashore, the warship itself, carries on the duplication construction completely based on the historic information according to 1:1 proportion, the greatest degree has reappeared the historical original ship's elegant demeanor. Shipboard each kind of weaponry 11 duplications, complete lifelike, many famous historical scenes also in abundance return to original state the reappearance, like near its boundary. In the warship, regarding "Dingyuan" the ship, Jiawuhaizhan has arranged 2 subject exhibition halls, and had the choice restoration to reappear one batch "Dingyuan" in the ship the historical life scene. In the scenic area is also equipped with the Beiyang navy history exhibition, the three dimensional link curtain theater, visits, the tour project and so on simulation interaction naval battle game, built one to be able with joint forces to feel the history personal, entered hundred years ago the iron armor great ship life unique humanities landscape.
The Dingyuan ship has three: In deck, ship body two. In the deck is densely covered all kinds of cannon, the firing distance is not waiting, dissimilar in shape and form, but also has facilities and so on rudder, flagpole. Next to the ship body, has some quite covert and the important military installation, for instance the torpedo sends the embrasure in a blockhouse, but also has the large-scale shell's barrel. Bottommost one is the crew quarters, considers very much thoroughly, the medical barrel chamber, the counting house have it all. In the ship body has several exhibition halls, in the ships history's exhibition hall, under Zheng He Western world's valuable ship is most noticeable, construction complicated, the personnel are numerous. But in the Dingyuan ship history exhibition hall, has exhibited about the Dingyuan ship as well as with the raid of some naval vessel's origin, with in Jiawuhaizhan performance, also has the Dingyuan ship and the Japanese forces battleship simulation battle landscape in the array hall, the sound phantom vividly just likes experiences personally.
Shandong, ancient place of for the Qi and Lu, located at the east China coast, the Yellow River downstream, the Beijing Hangzhou big canal's north section, the provincial capital supposes in Jinan, in the province the main super city has Jinan, Qingdao, Yantai, Zibo. Western connects the interior, with Hebei, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu four provinces borders on separately from north to south; Middle high suddenly, Taishan is the throughout peak; The eastern Shandong Peninsula enters Yellow Sea, north separates the Bohai Sea channel and the Liaodong Peninsula relative, surrounds and protects Beijing and Tianjin and Persian Gulf, east separates Yellow Sea and the Korean Peninsula faces one another, the southeast is near depends on broad Yellow Sea, to look out south East China Sea and Japan the chain islands.