text:
Don't miss Jack Kelly's column on the Congressman he dubs "Pennsylvania's embarrassment." The column tracks the points we've been making here about Mad Jack Murtha's proposed "redeployment" of the American forces in Iraq to Okinawa, but Kelly makes these points with a special gusto. Here's the beauty part:
Mr. Murtha has been recommending redeployment to Okinawa ever since his rebirth as a dove last year, so what he said on "Meet the Press" was no slip of the tongue.
Let us be clear about the Murtha "strategy." It is insane. It would be easier to defend Germany from Chicago; Alaska from Miami, or Hawaii from Pittsburgh than to defend Iraq from Okinawa.
It would take 10-12 hours — and six refuelings — for F-16s to fly from Kadena AFB on Okinawa to Baghdad (assuming China and India would grant overflight rights, a dubious assumption). Mr. Murtha may regard this as "very quickly," but the Air Force does not.
As Bugs Bunny would say: "What a maroon!"
Another howler is Mr. Murtha's assertion that U.S. troops currently serving in Iraq would be "welcomed" in Okinawa. For decades Okinawans have been seeking a reduction in the U.S. military presence, both because they covet the land on which U.S. military bases sit, and because of a long history of pacifism. The U.S. recently agreed to withdraw 7,000 Marines from Okinawa.
"There is no way we can win (the war in Iraq) militarily," Mr. Murtha said. Abu Musab al Zarqawi, the al Qaida chieftain in Iraq until the Air Force liquefied his internal organs, had a different view:
"Here in Iraq, time is beginning to be of service to the American forces and harmful to the resistance," Mr. Zarqawi wrote in a document captured after his death.
The Bush Administration has "no plan" for dealing with Iraq, Rep. Murtha asserted.
Mowaffak al Rubaie, Iraq's national security adviser, begs to differ. Writing in the Washington Post Tuesday, he said:
"There is an unofficial 'road map' to foreign troop reductions that eventually will lead to total withdrawal of U.S. troops. This road map is based not just on a series of dates but, more important, on achievement of set objectives for restoring security in Iraq."
If you want to know the truth about Iraq, you should listen carefully to what Jack Murtha has to say — and believe exactly the opposite.
Mr. Murtha's howlers about Okinawa obscured a more revealing comment he made earlier on CNN. He cited President Clinton's abrupt withdrawal from Somalia after 19 Rangers were killed there in 1993 as an example of the policy the U.S. should follow in Iraq.
Osama bin Laden gave the "change in direction" in Somalia Mr. Murtha applauds as the chief reason why he thought al Qaida could strike the United States with impunity.
"After a few blows… (the U.S.) rushed out of Somalia in shame and disgrace, dragging the bodies of its soldiers," Mr. bin Laden told ABC's John Miller in a 1998 interview.
Because he is a retired Marine Reserve colonel who served in Vietnam, Rep. Murtha is regarded as one of the Democrats' leading strategic thinkers. This, sadly, may be the case.
Mr. Murtha sounds less like a Marine colonel these days, and more like a male Cindy Sheehan. Has he become senile? Or was he always this stupid?
In either case, voters in his district should take a close look at Diane Irey, the Republican who hopes to put an end to the embarrassment to Pennsylvania Jack Murtha has become.
Let's take that once more once: "Has he become senile? Or was he always this stupid?"


text:
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Wait 15 minutes then scrub the wet surface with a stiff bristled brush.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
NYPD officer buys shoes for homeless man
Years ago I asked on Facebook, "What is the purpose of government?" Answers streamed back and I summarized answers not necessarily in order of numbers:
Protect weak from strong.
Assure a level playing field to all.
Create laws to govern acceptable behavior, not status.
Insure property and contract rights.
Make opportunity for those who want to participate in political and economic life.
Provide a safety net for those unable to care for themselves.
Share the cost of maintaining government function.
Empower individuals to flourish to his/her full capacity.
Protect individuals with Bill of Rights.
NYPD Officer Larry DePrimo represents the kind of law enforcement that responds to human need with care and compassion. Laws we write need to reflect just such values. From Executive, through the Legislature and Judicial, to states, to municipalities, to each citizen, a country worth pledging allegiance to and a flag worth saluting include these attributes.
If such rights do not exist in reality, the citizenry has the right and responsibility to rise up in protest and make their wishes known and considered. That is what United States of America is all about.
Views: 75
I don't understand your last sentence, Joan. The purpose of government should be like in your summary - in every country, and the problem is that it's nowhere like that. So what is the USA all about?
Chris, that is what I am trying to convey. USA was created on a new and radical concept of freedoms as spelled out in our Constitution and Bill of Rights. USA never has lived up to the principles so grandly pronounced, but at least we had a vision of the kind of government we wanted.
Peoples of other countries have read and learned about a preferred form of government they would like to have, and they, too, have the right and responsibility "to declare their causes which impel them to the separation."
The first step in any problem or conflict is to identify the problem that gets in the way of a preferred outcome. The second step is to imagine a preferred out come by spelling it out in clear language, what is preferred. That is what the Constitution attempted to do, even as it did not grant or want anyone to be a citizen unless the person was white and owned land. We have made changes in the Constitution to correct that vision. The Bill of Rights spelled out citizen rights specifically and concretely.
Because present reality does not fit the vision, it is the responsibility of the citizenry to stand up for those rights against the oligarchs.
"When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation."
~ Declaration of Independence
It's in your constitution, and quite rightly so, but I still see no difference with other places in the world. It's in my bones that everyone who is separated from his/her rights must declare his/her cause - even though nobody listens or the government uses repression. Perhaps it's because I don't think much of governments, countries or flags. I know Americans do; they are trained from an early age to worship the flag and it works too. Show me a picture of an American town and there are always enough flags to cover the pavement. It's different here; most people could mop the kitchen with the flag without thinking twice. Sorry if I'm too outspoken.
Chris, you speak perfectly and I want you to keep saying what you think. Incidentally, I agree with you and I think European history supports your statement. For example, I know that Belgium has been overrun by just about every power throughout European history, even before nations formed and I assume The Netherlands has a similar history.
There have also been tyrants in leadership and the notion of "divine right of kings" which USA does not have, theoretically. But in all practical terms, our governments have been contaminated by ghosts of spirits unseen and the present situation is untenable. A rising against religion and oligarchs has only just begun, not that anyone wants to deny another the right to worship as they choose, but that worship cannot be imposed on everyone.
The spirit of right to speak exists in us; I agree with your statement, "It's in my bones that everyone who is separated from his/her rights must declare his/her cause". There is a yearning in the human mind to take such a stand.
There is an element in USA history of the "rights of corporations" or "oligarchs" and our propaganda news sources support that element. Voters have the right to vote, but do not have the right to choose who is allowed to run for POTUS or public office. A non-christian has a very poor chance of even getting on our ballots. Socialism remains outlawed and blacklisted by the powers that be and the voting public does not make the connection and votes against their self-interests.
USA would be a better country if, as you say, "most people could mop the kitchen with the flag without thinking twice."
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text:
Your daily musical life is enriched by Gordon's strong liberal arts tradition and by a community of faculty and fellow students who live at the intersection of art and faith.
Your musical community will be there to support you, inspire you and share a wide variety of experiences, from world-class recitals to international ensemble tours.
Your musical future is being shaped daily, and the depth and breadth of your education will be important in preparing you for what's ahead. The maturity, grounded in faith, that our graduates carry into the world has helped them succeed in a wide variety of careers.
Celebrating 50 years!
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Gordon College is fully accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music (NASM).


text:
Of the 26 original buildings, only 13 remain to tell the story
of the Shirley Shaker Village in Massachusetts. Begun in 1793,
the community received most of its land from a group of four generous
benefactors. Affluent landowners of that region, Nathan Willard,
Elijah and Ivory Wildes, and John Warren, donated hundreds of
acres to the fledgling community. Blossoming around the houses
of these principal land donors, the Shirley Shaker society developed
into three separate families: the Church, North, and South families.
Surviving into the 20th century, the community continued to expand,
with a membership of 150 individuals by 1853.
With abundant apples trees, the Shirley Shakers utilized their
natural resources and maintained a profitable applesauce industry
throughout the 19th century. At times, however, the Believers
ventured into broom-making, jelly-making, mop manufacturing, and
herb preparation. However, similar to the plight of the Alfred
Shakers, the plethora of economic enterprises failed to sustain
the Shakers of Shirley, finally forcing the community to dissolve
in 1908. Leaving their homes and land behind, the remaining members
migrated to the Harvard Shaker Village to
continue practicing their religious devotion and live out the
rest of their lives.
Shirley Shaker Village is located south of Shirley, Massachusetts,
on Harvard Rd. It is now part of the Massachusetts Correctional
Institution complex. Periodic tours of the village are offered
and private group tours for 8-12 people can be arranged; there
is a fee. For more information call the Shirley Historical Society
Saturdays and Mondays from 10:00am to 1:00pm at 978-425-9328, visit the musem's website or email them
at email@example.com.
Shaker Home | Maps |
List of Sites | Learn More | Itineraries
| NR Home
Essays: The Shakers | Utopias
in America | Shaker Style
or Questions


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Will the ABA Ethics Rules Get a Technological Upgrade?
With the American Bar Association's House of Delegates meeting today and tomorrow at the Hyatt Regency Chicago, six resolutions from the ABA Commission on Ethics 20/20 proposing changes to the Model Rules of Professional Conduct are expected to be put to vote: "Technology & Confidentiality," "Technology & Client Development," "Outsourcing," "Practice Pending Admission," "Admission by Motion," Model Rule 1.6 (Detection of Conflicts of Interest)."
Michael Arkfeld and Stephanie Loquvam in "Are Proposed Changes to ABA Ethics Rules Too Little, Too Late?" turn their attention to the resolutions, and specifically to suggested changes in the comments to the model rules that bring a lawyer's technological competence to bear upon his or her competent representation of a client.
In Comment 6 to Model Rule 1.1, the commission proposes adding the phrase "including the benefits and risks associated with technology" to a lawyer's responisiblity to keep current with changes in the law and its practice. This is a "game changer," according to Arkfeld and Loquvam, requiring that lawyers firmly understand how electronically stored information is created, stored, and retrieved.
For a better grasp on how these changes might affect the practice of law -- and what benefits and risks technology brings to the legal industry -- read the article on LTN online.
Image by Daniel Hertzberg


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OHL Top Performers of December
The Ontario Hockey League today announced the Top OHL Performers of the Month for December, 2012, including forward Alex Galchenyuk of the Sarnia Sting, defenceman Ryan Sproul of the Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds, rookie Blake Clarke of the Brampton Battalion, and goaltender Mathias Niederberger of the Barrie Colts.
OHL Player of the Month – Alex Galchenyuk (Sarnia Sting)
Alex Galchenyuk of the Sarnia Sting led the OHL with 11 goals in seven December games and finished the month with 17 points and a plus-minus rating of plus-10 before departing for the 2013 IIHF World Junior Championship with Team USA. He helped the Sting win six of the seven games he competed in last month and recorded four multi-point games including the first two five-point games of his career. In both contests he scored a hat-trick with two assists and was named the game's first star including December 1 in a 5-2 win over the Peterborough Petes, and in his last OHL game December 15 in a 7-4 win over the Kingston Frontenacs before receiving OHL and CHL Player of the Week honours.
Galchenyuk, an 18-year-old from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is playing in his third OHL season after being the first overall pick in the 2010 OHL Priority Selection. A Montreal Canadiens prospect selected third overall at the 2012 NHL Draft, the Sting captain is currently third in OHL scoring with 61 points in 33 games and heading into Saturday's Gold Medal Final has eight points in six games with the United States at the World Junior Championship.
OHL Defenceman of the Month – Ryan Sproul (Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds)
Ryan Sproul of the Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds claims the award after producing 12 points in nine December games including six goals which led all defencemen. He recorded points in eight of his nine games with two three-point efforts earning first star honours both times. On December 8 he contributed three assists as part of a 6-4 win over the Saginaw Spirit, then closed out the month with his second career hat-trick on New Year's Eve in a 7-3 win over the Spirit.
Sproul, a 19-year-old from Mississauga, ON, is playing in his third OHL season with the Greyhounds. Selected in the second round of the 2011 NHL Draft by the Detroit Red Wings, Sproul ranks fifth in OHL scoring among defencemen with 29 points in just 22 games and was invited to Canada's National Junior Team Selection Camp last month.
OHL Rookie of the Month – Blake Clarke (Brampton Battalion)
Blake Clarke of the Brampton Battalion led all OHL rookies in scoring with 11 points in 11 games played in December scoring six goals and five assists while recording a plus-minus rating of plus-6. He produced points in seven different games including three multi-point games, notably a three-assist performance on December 2 as second star of a 4-1 win over the Kingston Frontenacs. Clarke also recorded the first two multi-goal games of his career last month leading the Troops to a victory both times with game-winning goals December 28 as first star in a 3-2 win over the Sarnia Sting, and December 31 as first star of a 5-2 win over Central Division rivals the Mississauga Steelheads.
Clarke, a 16-year-old from Wildwood, Missouri, was chosen by the Battalion 15th overall in the 2012 OHL Priority Selection from the St. Louis Minor Midget program. With 13 goals and 21 assists, Clarke ranks second in rookie scoring with 34 points in 40 games.
Vaughn OHL Goaltender of the Month – Mathias Niederberger (Barrie Colts)
Mathias Niederberger of the Barrie Colts posted a 3-2-0-0 record in December including one shutout win with a goals-against-average of 1.70 and a league-high save percentage of .954. He stopped 188 shots last month for the Central Division leading Colts highlighted by a 40-save performance on December 15 in a 2-0 win over the Plymouth Whalers where he was named first star of the game with his first shutout of the season. He also received first star honours December 28 in Kitchener after stopping 37 shots as part of a 4-1 victory over the Rangers.
Niederberger, a 20-year-old from Duesseldorf, Germany, is playing in his second OHL season with the Colts. In 30 games so far this season he carries a 19-7-0-1 record with a 2.60 goals-against-average and a .926 save percentage.
2012-13 OHL Performers of the Month:
Player of the Month:
December – Alex Galchenyuk (Sarnia Sting)
November – Ryan Strome (Niagara IceDogs)
October – Zach Hall (Barrie Colts)
Defenceman of the Month
December – Ryan Sproul (Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds)
November – Dougie Hamilton (Niagara IceDogs)
October – Frank Corrado (Sudbury Wolves)
Rookie of the Month:
December – Blake Clarke (Brampton Battalion)
November – Connor McDavid (Erie Otters)
October – Connor McDavid (Erie Otters)
Vaughn Goaltender of the Month:
December – Mathias Niederberger (Barrie Colts)
November – Franky Palazzese (Kitchener Rangers)
October – Jordan Binnington (Owen Sound Attack)


text:
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We will offer you on Top GPT Web Sites only the best Gift Sites . For that the sites are listed by votes and traffic. Out of that we created this top site. The first Gift Sites you will find on a page are the ones with the highest traffic. So, there are many people. But many people don't means satisfied people which also gets payed legit.
If you are here, you are browsing the Gift Sites list. Remember that these sites are only one way to make money online. Checkout the others ways too and then decide which fits best for you. There is no "best way" to make money online.
A Top Gift Sites or Gift Sites Toplist is, as decribed above, a listing of voting driven sites, which also get rated by the users. That will help to get the best and legit Gift Sites for you! Read the comments - the site with the best traffic is perhaps not the site with the highest pay outs. Check always double, its your money!
If you need MORE information. try out the most used search terms on our network: or .
Legit stand for Legitimate. When it comes to Gift Sites , we talk about make money online too. Its is most important that you did not get scammed by scam Gift Sites . You don't want lose your money! There are some hints which tells you a site is legit or not. First, the age. If the site is some years old then it is a good sign. Second, the rating. User which experienced problems will report that. Checkout the comments and ratings for info.


text:
FREE Ontario G1 Practice Test 2019
Your G1 test will cost $158.25 and be comprised of 40 multiple-choice questions, which are divided into two separate sections: rules of the road and road signs. You must answer a minimum of 16 questions in each section correctly to pass the written knowledge test. The fee for your test will cover the written exam as well as your drive test to get a G2 license, though you have to pay an extra $15.75 if you need to retake the knowledge test. The written knowledge exam to get your G1 license in Ontario is based on the 2019 Driver's Handbook. Exams are administered at your local DriveTest Centre, and you'll need to complete an eye exam while you're there before you may get your G1 license. Ontario uses a graduated driver's license (GDL) program. Once you are 16, you may test for your G1, and then you must hold the license for a year, or eight months if you're in a driver training program before you can take a driving test and get a G2 license; all in all, the licensing process takes about two years.


text:
Book Review: Elysium
-By Dan dos Santos
As many of you know by now, I
to collect art books. In fact, I think it's safe to say that my interest borders on a compulsion. I have a lot of really cool, and hard to find art books, and I've always wanted to share some of them with you guys.
For ages, I've meant to do some video flip-throughs for you, but always postponed it because I just wasn't set up to do it properly. My tripod isn't the right size, my studio is too dirty, my camera has a horrible microphone... you get the idea.
Well, I'm
not set up to do it properly, but I figured I'd do it anyways. What's the harm, right?
I promise that in future reviews the video quality will be better, there will be less glare, and I won't be breathing into the microphone like an asthmatic dog.
To start us off, our first book review will be '
Elysium: The Art of Daarken
'. This book just came out a few days ago, and I thought it may be good one to start with since many of our readers will likely be hearing about it over the next few days.
'Elysium' is available for purchase on Amazon:


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Crunch find no love in Norfolk.
Cedrick Desjardins [5] allowed 2 goals on 26 shots for the loss. It's impossible to win a game if the team in front of you doesn't score for you.
First Period
Second Period
NOR Rakell, (11) (Smith-Pelly, Etem), 4:01
Third Period
NOR Smith-Pelly, (17) (Etem), 6:41
Norfolk outshot Syracuse 26-17 in the contest. 17 shots on goal simply won't get it done against a quality opponent like the Norfolk Admirals.
Box score [6] from TheAHL.com.


text:
Posted Jan 15, 2001
By Steve Jones
Continuing on with taming strings...
Often when I am reporting data from SQL Server, I am concatenating information together
to form more readable output. Many times this output will also include some numeric data that needs
to be placed inside a string. I am not sure exactly why an integer is not implicitly converted to
a string, but it doesn't work, so I have to use another solution.
Numeric values (whether integer or float) are not implicitly converted to characters within a
string concatenation statement. Instead, the following statement (using Northwind):
select customerID + 5
from customers
Server: Msg 245, Level 16, State 1, Line 1
Syntax error converting the nvarchar value 'ALFKI' to a column of data type int.
select 5 + customerID
from customers
Server: Msg 245, Level 16, State 1, Line 1
Syntax error converting the nvarchar value 'ALFKI' to a column of data type int.
In the past I have used CONVERT, and more recently CAST, to convert the numeric data into
character data. However there are a few issues with this technique. Consider the following code:
select quantity,
cast( quantity as char( 1)) 'Char_quantity'
from [order details]
quantity Char_quantity
-------- -------------
12 *
10 *
5 5
9 9
In the past, I have usually used code like the following:
select quantity,
rtrim( cast( quantity as varchar( 50))) 'Char_quantity'
from [order details]
Suppose that I have a series of decimals like the following:
select 4.35,
----- ------- ------- -------
4.35 12.423 234.34 6.3345
select rtrim( cast( 4.35 as varchar( 50))),
rtrim( cast( 12.423 as varchar( 50))),
rtrim( cast( 234.34 as varchar( 50))),
rtrim( cast( 6.3345 as varchar( 50)))
------------ -------------- ----------- ----------------
4.35 12.423 234.34 6.3345
But what if I need specific formatting? What if I need a specific length for formatting columns
in a report? What if I am looking for xx number of decimals? It is easy to use SUBSTRING and
SPACE to trim and then pad the columns, but this is cumbersome. For the decimals, then you run into
another problem.
select rtrim( cast( round( 4.35, 2) as varchar( 50))),
rtrim( cast( round( 12.423, 2) as varchar( 50))),
rtrim( cast( round( 234.34, 2) as varchar( 50))),
rtrim( cast( round( 6.3345, 2) as varchar( 50)))
------------ ------------ ---------- ----------
4.35 12.420 234.34 6.3300
In this code, the numbers are rounded to the proper number of decimals, but there are
still the original number of characters in the converted strings. SUBSTRING presents a problem
here unless I use CHARINDEX to find the decimal and then perform the proper operations. This gets
cumbersome and I decided to search for an easier solution.
I decided to search my handy-dandy Books Online (for those of you with young kids, you
will get the joke. For the rest of you look here)
in the string functions area and I found STR. This is a string function that is designed to
convert numeric values to characters. Let us apply this to our sample data set.
select str( 4.35, 5, 2),
str( 12.423, 5, 2),
str( 234.34, 5, 2),
str( 6.3345, 5, 2)
----- ----- ----- -----
4.35 12.42 234.3 6.33
select ltrim( str( 4.35, 25, 2)),
ltrim( str( 12.423, 25, 2)),
ltrim( str( 234.34, 24, 2)),
ltrim( str( 6.3345, 25, 2))
------------- ------------- ------------ --------------
4.35 12.42 234.34 6.33
I hope that I have shed some light on a little used funciton and an alternative for converting
numeric values into strings. No earth shattering technical knowledge in this article, but perhaps
I will spark an idea or two in some of you.
As always, I welcome feedback and please rate this article below (and any you read on Swynk).
It helps to motivate and assist us authors in writing better columns.
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text:
Nick Stenson Offers 4 Prom Looks on The Today Show
Nick Stenson, Artistic Creative Director at JCPenney Salons, made a beautiful appearance this morning on the Today Show with Hoda Kotb and Kathy Lee Gifford. Stenson and Creative Director of Marie Claire Nina Garcia starred in a segment offering their faves for 2014 prom season. Stenson created four breathtaking finishes for the 4:34 minute segment and included his picks for the best silhouettes: a faux bob, a low chignon, a headbanded high bun updo and classic, soft, pretty, feminine curls.
MODERN checked in with Stenson just moments after he walked off the set: "It was such an honor to be on the Today Show collaborating with Nina Garcia on HOW TO get a head to toe look at JCPenney and jcp salons. Prom is such a girl's first big night out. They plan for months...I always remind them that their hair is the #1 accessory to complete the perfect look."
Congrats to Nick Stenson and JCPenney Salons. Borrow Nick's tips to share quickly with your own clients—especially all the potential prom –going clients, or even their moms—who will be sitting in your chair the next few weeks!


text:
This time last year we were preparing to close the Nave for 12 weeks, as we repaired the stone floor, and took the opportunity for some minor re ordering. We've been enjoying the new space and exploring how to use it in many different contexts. It has certainly improved our worship, providing a lovely new dais which brings the altar of God further forward and nearer the people, and given its shape, we can now stand around it to receive Holy Communion. It feels that slowly we are getting used to this new way of receiving, and I'd gladly receive feedback on how you think this is working? It has also improved the acoustics, having removed carpet and wood, to be replace by new stone, creating a more resonate sound. I hope that in this year we might begin to move towards a new altar, lectern, and choir stalls – following design and fundraising. The new space has allowed significant flexibility, on many other fronts, most of which have worked really well for us, and we hope will make us more sustainable in the long term.
In December John Hardy and Tracy Lee spoke on a Sunday Sermon slot about some of the challenges facing the Minster in 2017. This was about human capacity and finances. Over the past few years, the Minster has been rich in terms of Clergy resource, but times are hard for the national Church, and the two Stipendiary Curates will not be replaced, placing a huge burden on me and the other team members. This provides as opportunity for more lay participation, in taking responsibility for the leading of worship where Clergy can legally do so, and enable me in particular, be somewhere else on occasions. Equipping and enabling the whole people of God to play their rightful role in the life of the community will be an important theme as we move forward together. The Minster Finances remain vulnerable, and there is currently a review taking place of current policy and practice, making sure we are as smart as we can be, and making some helpful suggestions as to how we can plan carefully for the next few years and beyond.
At the end of next month the Church Council has a residential weekend, to reflect on the achievements of the last few years, and to firm up the new Development Plan for 2017 – 2020. Strong Benedictine themes which have guided the Minster for 900 years will be revisited, and will provide a structure for God's mission for the next few years. With all the changes taking place across the town over the next few years, there will be lots of new opportunities for the Minster to grasp, and we hope a fruitful time ahead.
Please pray for the Minster as we work collectively together, that God will be with us in our corporate listening, discussions, and decision making. We need everyone to play their part, not just a few, and then we might start to make some exciting head way as we fulfil our mission statement: seeking God, sharing Faith, and serving Halifax.


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Emerging Content Requirements for News Products
Howard Williams is a business and technology analyst in Colorado Springs, Colorado; he can be reached by e-mail at firstname.lastname@example.com.
The current trend toward media convergence has placed new demands on traditional print news providers. Having adapted to the new media environment in several ways, not the least of them being through expansion into the online arena, these same news providers are also under increased economic pressure to identify new sources of revenue. This problem is intensified by the loss of readership that has impacted their traditional print products. Risks inherent in the new media environment, however, also carry with them opportunities for generating new and different types of news products. These products reflect many of the current trends in online content production, presentation and delivery, including, for example, the use of multiple delivery channels, content aggregation and syndication services, personalization based on reader profiles, advanced search-and-retrieval capabilities and new design approaches for Web-based presentation. We can expect to see these capabilities extended and leveraged by news and other content providers as they create increasingly differentiated products, appealing to consumers with a diversity of needs and interests. At the same time, the environments in which these products are created will likely be based on new content production models, characterized by new value chains and the increased exploitation of value through multipurposing of content.
Despite the current and expected use of many of these capabilities and features for online news presentation and delivery, the actual process of reading, referring to the perception and comprehension of printed symbols, when readers engage the text (and the knowledge acquisition that results from this engagement), is not unlike what happens when readers read a print newspaper. The readability of text is therefore an important variable in determining how readers will take advantage of the printed words before them.
This focus on reading the news is justifiable when one considers the continued importance of text for representation of news content. There is, in addition, substantial evidence that text is still an important medium for large segments of the news consuming population. Given the increasing volumes of text-based news content and competing demands on readers' time and attention, the problem for news readers is, so to speak, how to read at Internet speed. In addition, readers arguably have motivation to learn about events in the world and to stay informed. Given the investment that news providers make in their text-based products, the problem for them is how to make these products accessible and how to exploit the economic value inherent in the content. They also have an investment in the cause of learning, which is consistent with the long-standing mission of journalism to help educate the reader. As we will argue below, however, none of these objectives is served by packaging news products in the traditional way. By understanding the behaviors (and psychology) associated with reading the news, it is possible to envision new ways of creating and packaging news products that will better meet the objectives of both readers and news providers.
Reading the News
People who "read the newspaper" do not actually read it. More often than not, they skim it, grabbing information here-and-there according to what catches their eye. Only occasionally do they slow down enough to read portions of the paper, and very rarely do they read entire articles. The general observation is that readers' experience with newspapers is quite cursory, and the typical reader often carries away from the newspaper only as much information as is contained in the headlines. Corresponding with the reader behavior of skimming print newspapers, consumers of online news have a similar characteristic of reading in a cursory manner, with a tendency to pursue topics in more depth only on a selected basis.
Among these observations, of particular interest is the suggestion that much of the written text in either paper or online news products (the result, after all, of considerable effort on the part of news journalists and editors) goes unread. By the same token, despite the journalistic mission to educate news consumers, one might also conclude that most readers do not learn much when they read the newspaper, since, after all, what is unread will not be learned. In making these observations, we are not saying that the current news is unreadable, nor are we saying that nothing is learned from it. We are suggesting, however, that it is quite often not being read in the manner in which it is intended, with the consequence that readers quite often learn less than they could. This also has an economic dimension, since underutilized content possesses unexploited value.
The premise in this article is that there are unexplored opportunities for news providers when consideration is given to the full range of variables that impact readability. The fact that typical readers do not take advantage of news content as it is currently packaged and delivered is, in fact, only part of the rationale for this statement. There are, in addition, compelling reasons to identify products that respond to the personalized demands of consumers. These personalized requirements reflect a general trend toward providing customized services and include a number of variables that relate to readability of text. Finally, it is important to emphasize that there are a variety of constraints on the typical reader's ability to perceive and comprehend text. Consideration of these variables provides evidence of new ways to add value to text, the result being not only more accessible content, but products that appeal to a more diverse consumer population.
Reading and Learning
Reading and learning studies highlight important features of text and its presentation that have an impact on reading time and recall (as one indicator of learning). Applying these observations to the consumption of news information adds context to some of the behaviors identified above. From these studies, we note, for instance, that text can be enhanced to improve comprehension, using features such as illustrations and examples, questions, headings, underlining, italics, notations and highlighting. These studies also demonstrate that what readers learn while reading is heavily influenced by their prior knowledge and the goals and strategies that they employ while reading. Cursory reading of text on subjects with which the reader has only surface familiarity is not a strong indicator for learning and helps to explain why even regular news readers retain very little information from day to day. Indeed, very rarely are active strategies employed when reading, although there are some very obvious ones such as repetition that would predictably benefit the reader.
These observations suggest features and capabilities that might enhance the presentation of news. There are other observations from reading and learning studies that provide a cognitive dimension to some of these behaviors. These studies indicate how, in the absence of clear connections between events in a story, readers will attempt to fill in the blanks (make inferences) based on their own knowledge.
We know, for example, that events are connected in the reader's mind by cause-and-effect relationships that provide coherence among parts of a story, and the ease with which a reader draws a causal inference influences reading time and recall. In addition, in the absence of clear connections, readers will infer causal explanations based on their own informal conceptions of causality. These studies also demonstrate that when causal relations in a story are implicit (rather than explicit) people are not very good at making correct inferences and often misrepresent the actual relations.
In addition to this natural tendency to infer causal relationships when they are trying to understand what they are reading, readers also have a tendency to make predictions and track people's goals, all with the intent of identifying the motivations and purposes behind people's behaviors. This attempt to understand motives is an important factor in a reader's search for explanations for events. In the absence of information regarding motivations, readers will use their own knowledge (however deficient) of motives, wants, needs and goals, in order to understand what they read. It is also commonplace for people to use stock explanation patterns (clichés and trite explanations) when making inferences.
These observations suggest a two-way street between the news consumer and the news provider. On the one hand reader characteristics and behaviors can be viewed as real constraints on the reader's ability to comprehend news content. Insofar as news reading is an inferential process, there are a number of relevant variables that impact reading and learning that the average reader will neither be aware of nor seek to actively compensate for. On the other hand they suggest opportunities for news providers to devise appropriate presentation techniques in order to compensate for many of these constraints.
Despite investment in new design approaches to online news presentation, however, techniques that might assist the reader in comprehension are arguably lacking or underutilized in conventional presentation of news. The absence of techniques that might help the reader to make clear connections between events in a story, for example, or that clearly identify important explanatory information, necessarily places the burden of inference on the reader, who, as we have seen, is not typically equipped for the challenge. One consequence of this is that readers don't learn much. Another consequence is that a tremendous amount of useful information remains buried within the text of stories. One starting point for considering new opportunities for enhanced presentation of news, then, begins with the assumption that relevant information must be surfaced from within the news story (or from multiple sources) and presented in such a way that the reader can benefit from its identification.
Enhancing the Presentation Value of Online News
We believe it serves the fundamental mission of journalism to view the observations presented above as opportunities for news providers. It also represents a response to a definable consumer requirement. If we know, for example, that the majority of readers do not read beyond the first couple of paragraphs in a story (if they read that far), then some attention to alternative presentation of the remaining text would serve the cause of improved readability. Likewise, if we know that readers tend to gravitate toward pictures or other graphic displays, it would make sense to add more descriptive text nearby, so the reader doesn't need to search through the text for explanatory content.
Making text more readable might be achieved by using techniques that are quite common in other styles of writing (for example, technical communications), but less common in newspaper writing. They include more extensive use of headlines and section headers, with more substantive information contained in them in order to accommodate skimmers, use of highlighting or other visual means of emphasizing content to draw out main ideas or story content or use of "information chunking" or outlines, so that content is organized around main ideas.
In order to support learning, some level of story repetition from day-to-day might be used, since we know that repetition helps comprehension. Many readers forget the background of stories by the next day's news, and they will not have the patience to search for it within the story text; they will simply skip the story in its entirety. Accommodating readers' characteristics might also include the addition of easy-to-understand (and easy-to-locate) explanatory information. Many readers become lost in story content, and even educated readers need more help with basic ideas than is generally assumed.
Other presentation features could respond to some of the observations made above and, in some cases, reflect a deeper understanding of the content itself. Insofar as they are suggestive of future capabilities, they define some of the emerging content requirements for news products, which include the following:
It is possible, of course, to find examples of some of these features in news presentation today. In most cases, however, either the supporting capabilities are not available or there are other factors that discourage their implementation. From our perspective, they represent examples of products that respond to often unacknowledged reader requirements. While they may not be of interest to all consumers, they can arguably be viewed as options for all consumers to select from. This suggests the overarching importance of personalization in considering new product features that address variables of readability.
There are many ways in which news products might be personalized, including, for example, by subject interest or editorial preferences. By extension, we can envision other personalized features that address variables of readability, including the following:
Implementation of many of these features would obviously be either labor intensive or require the application of sophisticated technology. What they suggest, however, is the importance of identifying preference options based on definable reader characteristics. Insofar as there are personalized variables that support the reader's task of reading and learning, this becomes especially critical. Reader profiling at a fine level of granularity is a prerequisite for creating news products that meet these preference requirements. The importance of meeting these requirements across a diverse reader population will drive a set of requirements for content management that is predicated on the multipurpose nature of content, where the content itself is processed at equivalent levels of granularity. The ability to respond to very fine-grained user preferences necessarily translates into specialized features and capabilities that can improve the reader's ability to read and comprehend news content.
The Importance of Explanation
Explanation answers the questions "why" and "how," two of the six basic questions traditionally addressed by journalists. It is generally accepted that clear and simplified explanations of the "how" and "why" of news stories represent value added to the reader. Good explanations address the common problem, frequently encountered by readers, of reading the news without appropriate background or context, despite the fact that they may have read similar stories countless times before. The learning studies discussed above provide context for understanding reader constraints when seeking explanations. At the same time, explanatory information in news stories is often lacking, inadequate or buried within the text.
Explanations are important because this is what readers ultimately desire. In the absence of explanations provided in the text, readers will either abandon the process or seek their own explanations. Good explanations, by contrast, are those that can anticipate reader questions in advance and provide adequate answers to these questions. In many cases, these questions are not arbitrary or story-dependent, but rather are common and somewhat predictable. Readers will differ among themselves less in their preference for explanations of this type than in the level of explanatory detail that interests them. Some reader questions, for example, are fairly straightforward and refer to basic background information, including history of events, timelines, etc. Other questions relate specifically to cause-and-effect relations that govern events; that is, they explain how something works and address the functional mechanisms behind actions or events. Another set of reader questions addresses the cognitive need to attribute motives to actors. Specifically, these questions relate to actors and their roles, along with their beliefs and goals. One might say that the reader is attempting to flesh out a set of plausible cause-and-effect chains that provide a suitable basis in motives for explaining news events.
From learning studies, we know that it is not sufficient to address explanations in an implicit way, since this places the burden on readers to identify them and/or make inferences on their own. Therefore, good explanations will also make explicit the cause-and-effect relations that are identified as governing an event, or the motives or goals of actors, or the pertinent background or functional information.
We believe there is an opportunity to add value to news content by deliberately presenting the content so that explanation is emphasized. Through use of presentation techniques, the explanatory content can be displayed for rapid comprehension and readability, subject to consumer preferences. A prerequisite for presenting this explanatory information is that it first be identified within the text of the news story (or from multiple sources) and then "surfaced" so that it can be managed as a modifiable feature of the text. What is to be surfaced is what's important for purposes of explanation. We are referring here in many cases to "deep structures" that address the semantics and meaning of the story or event itself. Surfacing explanation features may in some cases require domain-specific knowledge, even if the categories that they represent can be viewed generically across domains. For example, categories might include
Emerging Content Requirements for News Products
From the preceding discussion, we can conclude that there is a need to process content in such a way that a news item can be represented in different ways for different consumers. The content is therefore inherently multipurpose. At the same time, there is a need to process content at a deeper level of granularity than is currently associated with conventional indexing and text analysis.
In many cases, these requirements involve the identification or derivation of text-based features or structures and the application and use of these features or structures for various purposes. For example, categorization is the process of assigning categories to documents. These categories may be pre-defined, or they may be derived from the text of documents. Regardless of the approach, the categories are identified or derived and then applied to new documents, based on features of those documents. This process of categorization can then be used to support a particular purpose, for example, to support matching of documents with reader profiles.
By extension, we can identify a set of content requirements for identification or derivation of features and structures that include the following:
In support of explanation, there is a requirement to provide answers to reader questions. The specific requirement is to be able to extract information from text that provides suitable answers to these questions. Explanatory constructs include structures and features based on schema that address reader questions about the mechanisms underlying events (how things work) and pertinent background information, including information about actors, their roles, motives, goals and beliefs.
These content requirements are suggestive of possibilities for generation of news products. They provide the basis for identification of specific news products that exploit the underlying content and present it in ways that emphasize its potential uses. We refer to these content requirements as emerging requirements because they are driven by new trends in news production, and also because they require, in many cases, the capabilities of new technologies that are by no means commonplace in their application.
Enabling Technologies for Online News Production
In effect, we are envisioning a sophisticated system that can provide highly refined text analytics as a stage in the process of news product creation. The technology that provides this level of text analytics is grounded in the disciplines of information retrieval, language modeling, computational linguistics, natural language processing, knowledge representation and artificial intelligence.
There is a substantial body of research derived from these disciplines that applies directly to news content. Evidence of this research can be found prominently in the workshops and evaluation projects conducted under the National Institute of Standards' Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) and related programs. This large and active body of research greatly facilitates the objective of mapping technical capabilities to emerging content requirements. Capabilities evaluated within these efforts represent leading-edge research technologies as well as commercial products and include the following:
The emergence of XML as a foundation for abstract representation of content has led to a variety of approaches to implementing many of the capabilities described above, using XML-based specifications. As such, XML should be viewed as an enabling technology for purposes of addressing emerging content requirements for news products. The use of XML for content representation also provides the basis for considering new models of content production. Instead of viewing news production as the writing of stories and their delivery as packaged units, for example, we can envision an environment in which news content is analyzed and segmented into meaningful components that are then stored in XML databases and utilized in workflows that generate a variety of news products.
Content Management for News Production
The news production environment we are envisioning has both high-tech and low-tech components. The technologies presented above serve the purpose of meeting requirements for intelligent information retrieval, text analysis and knowledge-based representation. Low-tech requirements, that is, those that require human intervention, include the application of human factors knowledge, presentation techniques and good authoring and editing.
The general model for content production includes aggregation of content from multiple sources, categorization and summarization of content, analytical processing and representation of content for multiple purposes. One of these purposes is to provide "rough copy" to subject experts, editors and writers, or software agents, who generate content for final consumption (as explanations, summaries, highlighted text and so forth).
This view of production is clearly simplified. Perhaps of most interest is the suggestion that these technologies will be exploited rather routinely in news production environments in the future. Because of the nature of the technologies and the requirement that there be large text databases for use as source content, it is reasonable to expect that these production environments will be hosted primarily by large content aggregators. The implication is that the news production environment in the future will be fundamentally different from what it is today, both in terms of how news content is generated and in the kinds of work and skills needed to generate that content. This change does not mean that journalists and editors will not continue to create news content in the traditional way, but rather that the downstream uses of this content will be leveraged so that more value can be added to news products, and the value inherent in the content can be more fully exploited.
The content production requirements addressed here apply not just to news content, of course. For example, it's possible to envision knowledge management solutions based on these technologies. While the basic model is similar, the motivation for this article is also driven by what might be called the unique mission of journalism. This mission includes the objective of educating consumers about events in the world, and it is in support of that aim that these capabilities will provide assistance. Given the universally large potential population of consumers and the tremendous diversity of their preferences, the application of these capabilities to news content also provides some unique challenges that expand and enrich the basic model. The underlying principle that motivates this effort is how to make text more readable and how to increase reader learning. In this age when news providers have incentives to experiment with new ideas it seems appropriate to consider approaches that specifically address known problems in reader comprehension.
For Further Reading
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Information Science and Technology


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From The Files Of February 22, 1990 '90 A McConnellsburg area man was injured and four others left homeless when a fire of undetermined origin gutted a mobile home
with attached one-story wood frame house in the Ridge area of Todd Township last Tuesday, February 20. Firemen received the alarm for a fire at the Ridge area home of Lillian Spriggs. The fire appeared to have started in the mobile home section of the structure, and the origin was undetermined at press time. Lillian Spriggs, Tony Spriggs and Tim Davis were at home and asleep when the fire began. Lillian and Davis were able to escape uninjured, but Tony Spriggs suffered second-degree burns to his hands, arms and neck and was transported to the Medical Center and later to Washington County Hospital.
Robins have been sighted in the county for some weeks now as a sign of an early spring, and last week the first large flock of wild geese flying northward was seen over Clear Ridge.
Southern Fulton School Board and Southern Fulton Education Association, the teachers' union, reached agreement last week on a new three-year contract which calls for average annual salary increase of $2,000 the first year, $2,200 the second year and $2,500 the third year. The agreement on the new contract ends a lengthy and sometimes bitter labor dispute which began with preliminary negotiations over a year ago.
Tom Peck qualified fourth to enter the Grand National 300 Goody's at Daytona last Saturday. He narrowly escaped with only minor damage to his right front fender and rear quarter panel in a 23-car pileup at the race. However, Peck was able to finish the race in 18th position. Saturday's pileup was the worst accident in 30 years at Daytona. Peck earned $7,962 for his efforts in the race, which was won by NASCAR veteran Dale Earnhardt. Peck will run this Saturday in the Pontiac Excitement 200 at Richmond, Va.
A candlelight ceremony January 27 at St. Paul's United Church of Christ, McConnellsburg, was the setting for the marriage of Angela Lynch and Kevin Kendall. Angie is the daughter of Linda Mellott, Orrtanna, and James Mellott, Fayetteville. Kevin is the son of Robert and Bonita Kendall of McConnellsburg.
Births at the Medical Center: a son to Mr. and Mrs. Dale Waite of Fort Littleton on February 10; a son to Mr. and Mrs. Michael Williams of Burnt Cabins on February 12; a daughter to Mr. and Mrs. William Hurney of Mc- Connellsburg on February 13.
Deaths: Denver Runk, 74, Hustontown; William Morton, 92, Harrisonville; Don Headley, 83, McConnellsburg; Lemuel Hill, 68, McConnellsburg; Violet Bittinger, 83, Key West, Fla.; Nina Hess, 81, St. Thomas; Geraldine Misner, 56, Chambersburg; Emma Donithan, 78, Clear Spring.
30 Years Ago
From The Files Of February 21, 1980 '80 County residents travelling Route 30 over Tuscarora Mountain will notice that the old Tea Room has been torn down. The 50-
year-old building was built by Robert G. Alexander and operated by A.C. Gress and Emery True, all local men, during its heyday in the 1930s. The gas station, restaurant, store was owned by Mr. and Mrs. Harry Forrester during the 50s and 60s but had fallen into a state of disrepair since their retirement and its subsequent sale to Melvin Bushek of Ohio. The present owner of the property is James Laye, a Chambersburg businessman, who plans to build a home on the site.
A 2:00 p.m., wedding mass in Frederick, Md., on February 9 celebrated the marriage of Fred Lewis Stenger to Barbara E. DiCocco. The bride is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Adelcho DiCocco of Malden, Mass. The groom is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Max Stenger of McConnellsburg.
A surprise 25th wedding anniversary party was held recently in honor of Mr. and Mrs. Karl E. Horton of Mc- Connellsburg.
Specials at the IGA: Lebanon bologna, $2.19 lb.; pork chops, $1.49 lb.; Hills Bros. instant coffee, $3.99, 10 ozs.; bananas, 23 cents lb.
Births at the Medical Center: a son to Mr. and Mrs. Mark Lane of Harrisonville on February 8; a son to Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Nearhood of Saltillo on February 8; a son to Mr. and Mrs. Peter West of St. Thomas on February 9; a daughter to Mr. and Mrs. David Hoover of Bedford on February 12; son to Mr. and Mrs. Dana Keefer of Mercersburg on February 13; a son to Mr. and Mrs. Roger Watkins of McConnellsburg on February 14.
Deaths: Michael White, McConnellsburg; William Kirk Sr., Warfordsburg; Amelia Corbett, Hancock; Gladys Mellott, Hancock; Leon Batty, Shippensburg; Michael Shoop, Shade Gap; John Trego, Chambersburg.
40 Years Ago
From The Files Of March 5, 1970 '70 The Truax General Store in Burnt Cabins was robbed on Saturday by a masked youth who held the owner, Charles Lee Truax, at
gunpoint while he emptied the cash register of approximately $25. Mr. Truax was at the back of the store when the masked man entered through the front door. Thinking it was some sort of joke being played on him, he walked towards the gunman but stopped when he heard the click of the gun's hammer being pulled back. State police are continuing their investigation for the robbery.
Dun & Bradstreet has announced the promotion of John Glazier to divisional sales manager, Philadelphia, effective March 1.
The Hamil Restaurant on Lincoln Way East was sold recently to Jack Shimer of McConnellsburg, who will take over ownership on March 31.
Hustontown Area Volunteer Fire Co. will hold an oyster and fish supper at the firehall on March 14.
Dolores Hall Christian of McConnellsburg was named outstanding student in all phases of the practical nurses program of Chambersburg Area School District Practical Nursing Class, which graduated on Friday night.
Mr. and Mrs. S. Lee Richards of McConnellsburg celebrated their 25th wedding anniversary on February 21.
Mr. and Mrs. Russell Gordon of Needmore celebrated their 52nd wedding anniversary March 6.
Engagement: Mr. and Mrs. Howard Sipes of Harrisonville announce the engagement of their daughter, Penelope Ann, to Gary Leon Shives, son of Mr. and Mrs. A. Reed Shives of Big Cove Tannery.
Men in Service: SP5 Dennis E. Lane is due to arrive home early in March from Vietnam. He is a son of Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Lane of Hustontown. Lane has been in the Army since September 23, 1968, serving with the Armored Calvary Regiment.
Deaths: Mary Kendle, Greencastle; Margaret Harr, Big Cove Tannery; Mrs. Erma Cline, Knobsville; William Trail Jr., Needmore; Mrs. Elizabeth Brenner, Hollidaysburg; Mrs. Lois Delaney, Hollidaysburg; B. Lloyd Black, State College; Guy Long, Wood.
Births at the Medical Center: a son to Mr. and Mrs. Richard Beaver of Chester on February 23; a son to Mr. and Mrs. Thomas McMath of Shade Gap on February 23; a son to Mr. and Mrs. Albert Souders of Shirleysburg on February 24; a daughter to Mr. and Mrs. Terry Sipes of McConnellsburg on February 26.
Timothy Taylor, of the us Army, has returned to his base near Anchorage, Alaska. After spending several days with his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Marshall Taylor, Thomas and Susan near Hustontown.
50 Years Ago
From The Files Of March 10, 1960 '60 The barn on the Charles Edwards property near Hustontown was completely destroyed by fire last Saturday and a milk cow and 11
springers perished in the flames. A hay baler and other farm machinery were also destroyed.
Two 15-year-old boys from Dorchester, Mass., were apprehended on Friday on Route 522 north by Cpl. Clyde E. Smith of the McConnellsburg State Police, assisted by William Wolfe of McConnellsburg, following an auto chase through town. The corporal spotted the stolen car driven by the youths while eating lunch with Wolfe and enlisted his aid in pursuing it. The juveniles were wanted in connection with an armed holdup at Judy's North End Market in Mercersburg that morning. Two pistols and $175 in stolen bills were found in the stolen car.
Three McConnellsburg youths, Joseph M. Rhodes, Joseph Headley and John E. Helman, have enlisted in the us Army. They will be taking basic training at Fort Jackson.
A3-C Donald O. Bard of McConnellsburg will leave McGuire Air Force Base, N.J., on March 16 for a threeyear tour of duty in Holland. He was the outstanding graduate of his class in "Aircraft Mechanic, Jet Fighters Course," at the Air Force Technical Training Center at Amarillo,Texas, on February 14.
Mr. Blue Eyes, a cat belonging to Ray's Bakery, Mc- Connellsburg, narrowly escaped death after being trapped for two hours in the furnace. He was badly scorched and lost his whiskers but is slowly improving which goes to show, cats really may have nine lives.
Miss Beulah Johnson is recuperating from major surgery in the home of her sister, Dr. Jean Johnston, in London, England
Schools in Fulton County were closed on Thursday and Friday of last week due to bad weather conditions, and roads were closed due to the snow.
Mrs. Mary Morton moved on Friday to the Russell Nelson home on South Second Street, which she purchased earlier this year.
The engagement of Wilda Mae McKee, Amaranth, to Foster E. Schooley of McConnellsburg is announced.
A meeting will be held on Sunday, March 13, in the Odd Fellows Lodge Hall in Harrisonville to organize a Rebekah Lodge, an auxiliary of the IOOF.
A.B. Ruppenthal, Hancock; Walter Purnell, Wells Tannery; Homer Black, Earl Gordon and Gerald Briggs, all of McConnellsburg, attended a meeting of the Pennsylvania Farmers Association in Washington this week.
There were 38 persons for the reopening of the Oakley Church, two miles south of Needmore on February 28.
Richard Stinson of Three Springs is offering his livestock and farm machinery for sale on March 14.
Ila Swartz of Mifflinburg and Lowell Morton, Mc- Connellsburg, were married February 20 at Forest Hill.
Deaths: Rose E. Doyle, McConnellsburg; Margaret Durhein, Amaranth; Mrs. Seibert M. Garlick, Amaranth; Thomas Ramsey, Dundalk, Md., formerly of Clear Ridge.
60 Years ago
From The Files Of March 9, 1950 '50 The Warfordsburg girls' basketball team completed a perfect season on February 28, winning 16 consecutive games, 12 in the Fulton
County league and two each over Hancock and Clear Spring.
A fire in Wells Valley last Monday completely destroyed the home of Stanley Romig.
Death: Russell Garland of Lansdale.
Fire of undetermined origin caused $500 to $800 damage at Swan's Super Market at Shade Gap on Monday.
Announcement has been made of the engagement of Mary Page to Gordon Hawk.
Births: a son to Mr. and Mrs. Ellis Souders of Needmore on March 1; a daughter to Mr and Mrs. Lester Detwiler of Hustontown on March 2; a daughter to Mr. and Mrs. Howard Flannigan of McConnellsburg on March 5; a daughter to Mr. and Mrs. Frank Seiders of Cito on March 6; a daughter to Mr. and Mrs. Wilmer Laidig of Mc- Connellsburg on March 7.
Deaths: Walter Ney Taylor of Hustontown; Frederick J. Morris of Amaranth; William John Henry of New Grenada; Ralph Funk of Mercersburg; Clarence Nelson Covert of Shade Gap; and Margaret M. Cook of Burnt Cabins.
70 Years Ago
From The Files Of March 7, 1940 '40 According to G.L. Reisner, county advisor for vocational agriculture in Fulton and Franklin counties, the annual project summary
recently compiled for the past year shows that 158 boys in the area completed more than 200 home projects in a pupil's labor income of $7,530.05. The report shows that the boys grew 39.7 acres of corn, 15.5 acres of vegetables, 4.4 acres of small fruits, 10 acres of potatoes and nine acres of wheat. In livestock enterprises, swine was most popular, with 16 pigs fed for market as well as 64 sows; 5,028 baby chicks grown; 596 laying chickens were kept; 100 pouts were raised; 29 sheep were raised; 15 cows; 26 calves; 39 colonies of bees and 36 rabbits.
Deaths: William Calvin Mc- Clain of Taylor Township, George Hollinshead of Harrisonville.
Fulton Countians admitted to Everett Hospital the past week were Charles Keifer of Webster Mills for observation and treatment and Mrs. Alice Mellott of Cito for reduction of dislocated shoulder.
M. Hutchinson of Mount Union has submitted a low bid for construction of 2.11 miles of macadam road between Needmore and Hancock in Thompson Township.
Marriage licenses have been issued to the following: Rinehart Hess and Grace Hill, both of Warfordsburg; Clarence Williams of McConnellsburg and Mabel Kerlin of Newville; William C. Burns of Bethlehem and Grace Marie Runyan of Clarion.
Surveyor Frank P. Plessinger, after a service of almost seven years with the Pennsylvania Game Commission as senior land engineer, has returned to his home at Amaranth. At that time, Plessinger had charge of surveying over 200,000 acres of land in 37 counties.
Lynn Bard and family have moved from the Sheets property on South First Street to the McClain apartments on Second Street. Calvin Crouse and family have moved to the Sheets' place
State Police Commissioner Lynn G. Adams this week ordered motor police to take all persons suspected of drunken driving to the nearest physician for examination.
Mrs. F.D. Findley was in Bedford Monday where she was the guest of the Bedford Women's Club, giving an address, "Character in Democracy."
Mrs. Wilson Nace entered the West Penn Hospital in Pittsburgh last week for observation and treatment.
Martin Souders suffered a paralytic stroke at his home in Ayr Township on Monday.
Anna Mae Mellott of Hustontown is reported seriously ill at the present time.
Death: George Fockle of Johnstown.
Mrs. Alice C. Harper of Neelyton enjoyed a birthday dinner in her honor on February 29 at the Cutchall-Tritle home at Center
80 Years Ago
From The Files Of March 6, 1930 '30 Deaths: Mr. William Lee Berkstresser of Hustontown;
Clarence H. Reihart of Todd, Pa.; Mrs. Martha Pearl Bequeath of Earlston; Virgil Bard of Pleasant Ridge; John Carnell of near Dott; William Carl Hendershot of Akron, Ohio; Mrs. Elizabeth E. Thompson of Snow Shoe; Gerald Deshong St. Louis, Mo.; Leah Rachel Fraker of Fort Littleton.
Stanley Brown of Clear Ridge is employed on a logging job near Webster Mills.
At a sheriff's sale on Saturday, Cyrus Wagner bought 30 acres of land in Todd Township for $195; Earl Morton bought a fiveacre tract of timber in Todd Township for $4 and a property in Licking Creek Township was bought by Earl Sipes for $125.
Fred Souders, son of Scott Souders, formerly of Mc- Connellsburg, is now employed at a printing office in Shippensburg. Fred learned printing at the Loysville Orphans' Home, where he was also a member of the noted band of that institution.
Mrs. Oscar Mellott of near Sipes Mill was taken to Chambersburg Hospital last Thursday, suffering from gallstones.
Lawrence Snyder was operated on last Saturday at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital for a goiter.
James Laidig and Marjorie Snyder were wed March 1.
Clarence C. Appleby and Jean V. Helman were married on February 22.
The Sinclair Oil Co. has leased Jacob Mellott's garage on East Lincoln Way for 10 years. Blair Barton will be in charge.
Pupils of the Clear Ridge school who were present every day in February were Hazel Gallagher, Hilda Wilson, Adeline Winegardner, Olive Winegardner, Grace Wilson, Mae Wilson, Raymond Henry, Herman Knepper and George Wilson. Martha Mc- Gowan is the teacher.
Last Saturday evening Mrs. Harvey Naugle of Burnt Cabins became very ill. Dr. Locke ordered her to go to the hospital at Huntingdon and on Sunday morning, twins, a boy and girl, were born.
Boyd, the little son of Mr. and Mrs. Ross Kling of Burnt Cabins, has been seriously ill with intestinal flu.
Gilbert B. Mellott of Buck Valley lost two valuable horses last week and now has a cow that is seriously sick.
Death: Mrs. Alfred Potts Mann of Buck Valley.
Mrs. Eleanor Fleck, widow of Andrew G. Fleck, who was a fist lieutenant in the Civil War, is making her home with her granddaughter, Mrs. John Wible of Three Springs. Mrs. Fleck is past 80 years of age.
Phil Finiff received al letter form his son,Wesley, that he enlisted at Harrisburg last Friday and is now Private Finiff of the U.S. Air Corps.
Andrew Swope's 2-year-old daughter is seriously ill with pneumonia of both lungs at their home in Belfast Township.


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What's fuelling the appeal of Google Earth?
A few weeks ago, I noticed that searches for 'google earth' had spiked up and that the term was amongst the highest volume search terms in the UK. Today, I noticed that the term had continued to climb, with 'google earth' ranking eigth based on share of UK internet searches in the past four weeks. I played extensively with Google Earth over the summer and we [Hitwise] did a news release on Google Earth and Google Maps several months ago. Google Earth seemed like old news to me - but it seems I was wrong.
The share of UK internet searches for 'google earth' were 23 times higher than searches for 'paris hilton' last week. I often use Paris Hilton as my benchmark - as she is consistently one of the most searched for celebrities on the internet. (In case you think that Paris Hilton is a bit dated, the chart below compares searches for 'google earth' to both 'paris hilton' and 'george galloway'.)
UK searches for 'google earth' were so high last week that they even outstripped other mainstays at the top of the search term rankings, including 'ryanair', 'tesco' and 'bbc'. In fact, the share of UK internet searches for 'google earth' was higher than searches for 'google'!
Hitwise tracks visits to websites and so tracks visits to earth.google.com not to the downloaded software. Hitwise is therefore reporting on visits to the website, where people can download the software, rather than usage of the satellite image software that is downloaded to desktops. Visits to the site are way up and so we can assume that downloads are also up. Market share of visits to earth.google.com increased 24% last week compared with the week previous and three times higher than they were 12 weeks ago.
But why?
I looked at Hitwise data to try to understand the reasons for the growth in searches and visits. It seems the growth is viral - driven by people talking up the service. Google Earth receives 58% of its visits from Google (combined UK and .com properties) and the term 'google earth' accounts for more than 60% of visits from search.
Google Earth also seems to appeal to an interesting and somewhat surprising demographic: Silver Surfers. Nearly one quarter (24.34%) of visits to Google Earth are from those aged 55+. Google Earth attracts 70% more visits from the 55+ age category than average for the internet.
I asked some colleagues if they had any ideas to explain Google Earth's recent growth. It seems that everyone has a story about an aunt, uncle, parent or grandparent using Google Earth. Uncles who collect atlases, mothers who want to see (the roof of) their daughter's new flat, fathers who want to tinker with a cool toy. Stories abound, all with one theme - all were about relatives aged 55+.
I also looked at Hitwise Lifestyle data to see which Mosaic Types are visiting Google Earth. The groups that were most highly indexed versus the online population on Google Earth were: Golden Empty Nesters, Conservative Values, Provincial Priviledge, and High Spending Elders. I won't go into a detailed description of these, but suffice it to say that these are older, wealthy segments.
If you have other thoughts on the reason for the continuing rise of Google Earth, please share your thoughts in the comments.
Heather Hopkins, director of research at online analysts, Hitwise
Read more from Heather here


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Corona del Mar 63, Culver City 58
WESTMINSTER — Senior guard Blake Grable finished with 20 points in the Sea Kings' first-round game at the Charlie Wilkens Memorial tournament at Westminster High on Tuesday.
The Sea Kings advanced to the quarterfinals and will play Foothill on Thursday at 7:30 p.m.
Max Stone added nine points, and Ryan Griffin and Charlie Coffman each had eight points for CdM (5-1).
Garden Grove 61, Estancia 59
CYPRESS — Josh Mendoza scored 26 points for the Eagles in a consolation game of the Oxford Academy tournament Tuesday.
Ben Beck added 18 points for Estancia (1-6), which lost to Buena Park, 80-44, on Monday.
Webb 66, Sage Hill 58
NEWPORT COAST — Sophomore forward Tyler Hague scored 20 points to lead the Lightning in the nonleague game Tuesday.
Junior guard Jack Williamson added 15 points for Sage Hill (3-4), which plays host to Public Safety Academy of San Bernardino on Wednesday.
San Juan Hills 2, Sage Hill 1
SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO — Madi Jabara scored for the Lightning in the nonleague game Tuesday.
Rachel Jaffe had the assist, which came off a free kick from Sophia Witte. Goalie Kekai Whitford made nine saves for Sage Hill (7-1-1).
San Juan Hills scored the game-winner with less than a minute remaining.
Butch Lee Memorial Tournament
SAN DIEGO — Corona del Mar reached the semifinals of the tournament at Cathedral Catholic on Saturday.
Cathedral Catholic beat the Sea Kings, 1-0, in the semifinals. CdM was without seven players because four juniors had a test and three others had injuries, Coach Bryan Middleton said. Cathedral scored with eight minutes left. Freshman goalkeeper Kat Hess made six saves.
Birkley Sigband scored to help CdM win its pool with a 1-0 victory over Carlsbad before the semifinal game. Sigband scored off an assist from her sister Karsten Sigband.
Cathedral Catholic beat Westview, 1-0, in the championship game.
CdM (4-1-0), ranked No. 4 in CIF Southern Section Division 1, plays at Mission Viejo Thursday at 5 p.m.
Estancia 61, Dominguez 33
ANAHEIM — Junior Celia Duran had 18 points and freshman Maya Van Den Heever added 15 to lead the Eagles in the third-place game of the Loara Tournament on Saturday at Loara High.
Duran and Van Den Heever earned all-tournament recognition to help the Eagles improve to 5-3.
Freshman Neffertiti Van Den Heever had eight points for the winners.
Newport Harbor 54, Bolsa Grande 30
HUNTINGTON BEACH — Freshman McKenna Izzi scored 13 points to lead the Sailors in the Ocean View Tournament on Monday.
Jasmyn Winters had nine points, Jennifer Lopez scored eight points and Bela Raimondi had seven points for Newport Harbor. Cierra Haas added six points and 13 rebounds for the Sailors.
Izzi scored 13 points in Newport Harbor's 45-19 win over Magnolia in a consolation game of the Loara tournament Saturday. Lopez and Raimondi scored nine points each. Lopez earned all-tournament team honors.
San Juan Hills 42, Corona del Mar 36
HUNTINGTON BEACH — Freshman Natalia Bruening had 11 points and eight rebounds for the Sea Kings to open the Ocean View tournament on Monday.
Junior Keaton Gaughan had six points and three steals for CdM (2-4).
Krista Anderson had eight points and eight rebounds in the Sea Kings' 53-19 nonleague loss at Mission Hills in San Marcos Saturday night.
Corona del Mar 2, Mater Dei 1
SANTA ANA — Seniors Jack Nowak and Conor Roche scored for the Sea Kings in a nonleague game on Monday.
Nowak scored on a penalty kick and Roche scored on an assist from junior Jake Kim.
Sophomore goalie Gavin Allen had six saves and sophomore keeper Hagen Truninger made four saves for CdM (3-1-3).
Junior sweeper Daniel McCabe and seniors Davis Case and Chris Von Der Ahe led the defense.
Kim, junior Andrew Francini, Roche and Nowak scored in the Sea Kings' 4-1 win over Harvard-Westlake at the JSerra Tournament on Saturday.
Newport Harbor 1, Villa Park 1
IRVINE — Henry Ramirez scored for the Sailors to close out the Irvine tournament on Saturday.
Goalie Osiel Porcayo made two saves for Newport Harbor (3-1-2).
Costa Mesa 18, Orange Lutheran 12
COSTA MESA — Mesa senior Kellie Thorsness scored eight goals in the nonleague game Tuesday at Costa Mesa High.
Aubry Hill and Alicia Rederscheid added three goals each for the Mustangs (5-4). Hill drew two penalty shots and an exclusion, while Rederscheid drew two exclusions and a penalty shot.
Melissa Folkerts scored twice, while Katurah Telles and Lauren Smith also scored for Mesa. Kaitlyn Hill had 10 saves for the Mustangs, who outscored Orange Lutheran 10-3 in the second half and 6-1 in the fourth quarter.
Costa Mesa plays again Monday at Tustin.
Newport Harbor 18, Coronado 3
CORONADO — Senior Carly Christian had seven goals, four assists and three steals for the Sailors in their season opener Saturday.
Cierra Dixon and Carolyn Smith each had three goals for Newport Harbor. Elissia Schilling, Avery Peterson, Heidi Fults, Rachel Whitelegge and Christina O'Beck had one goal each.
Cleo Harrington had three saves for the defending CIF Southern Section Division 1 champions, currently ranked No. 4 in Division 1. Andie Strode tied Schilling for team-high with three steals.
Newport Harbor plays host to Foothill in a key nonleague game at 4 p.m. Friday. The Knights are ranked No. 2 in Division 1.
Vista Murrieta tournament
MURRIETA — Corona del Mar went 4-1 as a team on Saturday.
Going undefeated for the Sea Kings at 5-0 were freshman Chris Camarillo (106 pounds), junior Chris Croxton (113) and senior Paul Nguyen (138).
Finishing the tournament at 4-1 were freshman Falcon Freeman (120), junior Adam Reines (132), junior Kaden Ebbinga (152) and sophomore Ruslan Eynullaev (160). Junior Brian Goldstone finished the day at 3-2.


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Greek Americans: Struggle and Success (3rd ed.)
(Transaction Publishers, 2013)
This account of Greek Americans blends sociological insight with historical detail, as the authors trace the Greek-American experience from the wave of mass immigration in the early 1900s to today. Many Greeks came to America without knowing the language and without education, yet managed to raise solid families in the new country while shouldering responsibilities for those in the old. Included in this completely revised edition is an introduction by Michael Dukakis and chapters relating to the early struggles of Greeks in America, the Greek Orthodox Church, success in America, and the survival and expansion of Greek identity despite intermarriage. Peter Moskos (Assoc. Prof., John Jay) serves on the doctoral faculty in sociology.
Purchase this book
Submitted on: DEC 20, 2013
Category: Faculty Books | Sociology


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BANGOR, Maine — It's already been quite a spring for Bangor High School student Mary Butler.
The sophomore didn't think things could get much better after helping lead her Rams to an Eastern Maine Class A title and being named to the BDN All-Tournament Team.
But they did, and this time, it was off the basketball court.
Butler's project and presentation titled "Nanofibrillated Cellulose As the Potential Component of a Low-cost Water Filtration System" won not only first place in the "Energy, Transportation and Environmental Science" category, but also best in show at the Maine State Science and Engineering Fair March 23 in Bar Harbor.
So, what is nanofibrillated cellulose?
"Basically it involves processing and grinding up plant material to create small fibers that you put into a suspension with water and then coat onto a sheet of paper to create a fairly inexpensive water filter," said Butler. "There's a really small difference between the size of a water molecule and a water pathogen like E. coli. So the goal is to create a filter with the perfect size that allows water to pass through, but not the pathogens."
For those who prefer a more detailed description:
"With the fibers, there's a meyer rod that has ridges in it and these fibers, when you lay them down in a line on the cellulose and coat it using the rod, the ridges on the rod catch the fibers and pull them," she explained. "As you repeat the process, it creates a patchwork."
Clearly, Butler is not a stereotypical jock or athlete.
"The most frequently asked question I get asked is, 'Can kids do our STEM [Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics] Academy course and sports at the same time?'" said Cary James, teacher and head of the science department at Bangor High. "Mary Butler is the poster child for that program right now as a kid who can manage and excel at the highest level in both the classroom and in sports."
The daughter of Paul Butler — Bangor High School principal — and Angela Butler earned $1,200 for her best in show award as well as an expenses-paid trip to Phoenix May 12-17 to enter the INTEL International Science and Engineering Fair, where she will compete with as many as 1,500 students for a $75,000 grand prize. Not bad for someone who just wanted to "get through the day" without embarrassment.
"I was shocked," Butler recalled about being told she was first in one category. "I thought, 'This is awesome.' When they said best in fair, I thought it was a mistake and they mixed up the entry numbers or something."
Butler wasn't the only Bangor student to do well. Daniel O'Brien and Daniel Gause won second place in the engineering and materials category, and Andrew Sandweiss was third in Earth, physics and astronomy. In all, the field included 140 projects by 200 students.
This was the first time Bangor students have competed at the Maine state fair in decades.
"We have been in science fairs before, but it's been awhile. The Maine State Science Fair has been going on for years and years, but it kind of faded a bit over the the years after the Maine Principals' Association gave it up," James said.
Last year, The Jackson Laboratory of Maine took over sponsorship and organization.
"Before Jackson Labs revived it, it was a terminal event: You won at the state level, but never went beyond it," James said. "Now with the connection to ISEF, it f its perfectly with things we're emphasizing with our STEM program."
Butler had never even been in a science fair before. Then came STEM. At James' suggestion, she worked with University of Maine chemical engineering graduate student Finley Richmond on the filter project over last summer. It was arranged by Dr. Doug Bousfield in UMaine's chemical engineering department.
"I was on the fence about STEM, but some of my friends were talking about it so I thought I'd try it and I ended up really liking it," Butler said. "And this year, two requirements are you have to do a research project and you have to enter the science fair."
A complete list of Maine State Science & Engineering Fair category winners follows:
• Best in show: 1. Mary Butler, Bangor; 2. Meagan Currie, Greely; 3. Harrison Pershing, Greely
• Energy, transportation and environmental science: 1. Butler; 2. Ryan Morrison, Greely; 3. Hannah Gutow, George Stevens Academy
• Biochemistry, biology, medicine and plant science: 1. Kristin Dugas, Greely; 2. Brad Spoerri, Greely; 3. Judy Yau, Bethany Hartley and Isabelle O'Bryon, Maine School of Science and Mathematics
• Animal, behavioral and social science: 1. Currie, Greely; 2. (tie) Blaine Ventre, Greely and Declan Campbell, Greely
• Engineering and materials: 1. Pershing, Greely; 2. O'Brien and Gause, Bangor; 3. Josh Coyle, Greely
• Earth, physics and astronomy: 1. Sam Wood, Mount Ararat; 2. Chris Chu, Greely; 3. Sandweiss, Bangor
• Chemistry, computer science and math: 1. Will Johnson, Greely; Owen Potenziano, Greely; 3. Ben Schade and Justin Hamilton, MSSM


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lesley85 on Family Tree Circles
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Journals and Posts
walker/binghams of heanor derbyshire and usa
im researching the walker family of heanor derbyshire,2 sons went to the states they were philp and abner.they lived in edgmont ave chester pa philip became a sucessful bottler..my connection is their brother isaiah was my grt grand father.any info welcome.
walkers uk to pa
my family roots are in heanor derbyshire,england.in 1838,john walker was brn in st marys nottinghamshire.he married mary a eggleshaw.among their sons were philip and abner walker who emigrated to the usa.they were naturalized.philip married gertude,and had children.but to my knowledge abner remained single.they lived in chester pa.abner doesnt apear with philips family in 1920 census.
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By Andrew Hawkins
Read more information to learn more about criminal defense.