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District of Columbia Graduate Nursing Certificate Schools
Graduate school nursing certificate programs enable nurses to build on the education they already have—potentially in a program anchored in their own communities. Programs may focus on any number of nursing specialties, areas of responsibilities, or care settings. And if you're looking to learn about something outside the realm of bedside care, some programs may focus on roles like nurse education, technology, and even leadership. Because many of these programs are designed to accommodate busy professionals, campus programs could offer flexible scheduling options—making an advanced education a possibility no matter what shift you work.
Why Attend a Graduate School to Earn Your Nursing Certificate
Earning graduate certificates in nursing in a campus setting could be an attractive option beyond the obvious reason that nursing is an interpersonal, hands on field. For one, if you attend a school in your area, you may study under instructors with experience in your local healthcare community. That means they might be able to speak to the unique needs of your local hospitals, patients, and community health concerns. A local perspective like this one could add value to any graduate nursing certificate program.
Plus, studying in graduate school nursing certificate programs, you'd have access to all the program resources found on campus. For example, you could work in cutting edge lab facilities or practice in simulated clinics—or even an active clinic, if your school maintains one. Plus, your school might have relationships with local hospitals. That connection could prove useful for future job searches and internships. That, plus the friendships you could forge while studying alongside other dedicated nurses in your classes, could make attending graduate school nursing certificate programs a prime opportunity.
Types of Graduate Nursing Certificate Programs
Graduate schools might offer nursing certificate programs at a few different levels. These generally reflect the type of degree students hold (e.g. a BSN) and the types of courses that make up the curriculum.
The two main types of graduate school nursing certificate programs are as follows:
- Post-Baccalaureate Nursing Certificate Programs: Also referred to as masters certificates, these are aimed toward nurses who hold a bachelors degree but might not have attended graduate school before. The courses would be at a comparable level to masters programs
- Post-Masters Nursing Certificate Schools: These types of certificates generally require that students have at least a masters degree in nursing, in addition to professional experience, to attend. Often, they're aimed toward nurses in advanced care roles. They generally build on masters education and the courses are more advanced.
Concentration Areas
Graduate nursing certificate schools are fairly short compared to degree programs, made up of fewer courses and able to be completed in less time. As a result, many programs opt to focus on a specific concentration or specialty. These may coincide with students' current roles or ones they aspire to. They might also address specific patient needs or care settings.
Possible Concentrations in Graduate School Nursing Certificate Programs:
- Midwifery: Often, these programs are designed for nurses who already hold an MSN degree. Nurse Midwife certificates focus on women's health, labor and delivery, and neonatal care in primary and critical care settings.
- Nurse Education: These certificate programs discuss the roles and responsibilities of nurse educators. Courses may cover professional development, teaching in undergraduate nursing programs, educating patients and their families, and more.
- Nurse Practitioner: Some nursing certificate programs are designed to help Nurse Practitioners expand their practice, or move into a new specialty. Said specialties could include things like pediatrics, primary care, or gerontology.
- Post-MSN Certificates: This category includes nursing certificate schools that require at least a Masters in Nursing in order to apply. Many (but not all) of these certificates are designed for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs).
- Nurse Administration: Also sometimes called nurse leadership, these types of certificates aim to build organizational skills, leadership, and team management acumen to help nurses succeed in an administrative role.
- Nurse Anesthesia: Many Nurse Anesthetist programs require that students already hold an MSN degree. Nurse Anesthesia certificate programs focus on how to safely administer anesthesia to patients, and to deal with any challenges that may arise.
- Nurse Informatics: As healthcare evolves, technology and data management become more crucial than ever. Nurse informatics certificates aim to help nurses prepare for that reality by developing technological and data management knowledge. Nurses might use this expertise to help doctors, nurses, and families make the most of healthcare technology.
- Nurse Specialties: Many graduate nursing certificate programs focus on a specific care setting, patient type, or health issue. These might mirror bedside care roles nurses might fill in an outpatient care setting or hospital. Examples include pediatrics, women's health, primary care, critical care, gerontology, and more.
What's The Difference Between Nursing Certificates and Certifications?
Some nursing certificate programs might support students as they prepare to sit for a related credential exam—however, not all of them are designed with this objective in mind. So if that's what you're looking for, make sure you follow up. Nursing certificate programs may also in some cases help fulfill continuing education requirements to maintain a professional credential. This would depend on the requirements of that particular certification.
Choosing Your Graduate School Nursing Certificate Program
Earning a nursing certificate at a graduate school could support a variety of goals. For example, some people might want to support a career move into a new care setting or to start working with different kinds of patients. Other people might want to earn a new professional certificate or credential, or maintain one they already have. Still more people might be interested in further developing skills related to their current position. Whatever you motivation, selecting your preferred graduate nursing certificate school could be a big decision.
Here's a list of questions to ask yourself to get started:
- What is your primary goal in earning this certificate?
- Is this certificate program designed to support earning the professional credential you're looking for (if any)?
- Does this program offer the support and experience you need to succeed?
- Do you meet the minimum requirements to attend this program?
- Is the campus in a convenient location for home or work?
Search for Graduate School Nursing Certificate Programs
Start searching for graduate school nursing certificate programs right here. If you have your eye on a specific concentration area, choose that option from the menu. Then read more about those programs, and review the listings. You can also sort your options by location. Find out more by clicking on a program that sounds promising. Then get in touch, schedule a meeting, or start to apply!
Sponsored Listings
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The mission of the School of Nursing is to prepare professionally educated nurses who are capable of the moral, intellectual, and professional leadership needed to provide continuing quality in clinical nursing care, nursing education, and nursing servi...
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Adult Nurse Practitioner, Clinical Research Administration for Nurses, End-of-Life Care, Family Nurs
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Jim Tolpin's newest book, "The New Traditional Woodworker" teaches the reader how to work with hand tools by using them to build useful bench and shop tools. Each project builds on the skill learned in the preceding chapter. This process makes for an easy and fun learning curve. One of the more attractive project tools is a try square. You might think that this is a tool that is best built by a machinist, but If you follow Jim's lesson, you'll be proud of your new tool, and its accuracy.
To Download the Free 'Handmade Try Square' Project, Follow this Link.
Recommended Posts

subset: commoncrawl


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Available ebook formats: epub mobi pdf rtf lrf pdb txt html
As most authors might claim, I was always been a natural storyteller and voracious book reader. Somehow, I also knew that some day I would sit down and write a book, which I did quite recently.
When I finally sat in front of my computer monitor to do just that, the words literally came pouring out. Before very long, I had written many books in various genres.
At first, my prolific writing was mainly for the pleasure and self-entertainment involved, until I discocered Smashwords and ebooks, and here I am, a published author with a long list of books to my credit. And many more to come.


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The tie has been broken. We think.
Via Ed Werder of ESPN, Cowboys quarterback Tony Romo emerged from Sunday's win over the Redskins with a back injury. Coach Jason Garrett said it's a foot injury.
So what do you have to say about it, Tony?
"It was my back," Romo told reporters after the game regarding an injury that caused him to not miss any time. "I tweaked it in the game and then for whatever reason then, the twist or whatever it was, definitely just made it not feel comfortable."
The team also has advised PFT that Romo's back tightened up during the game. Romo also was asked whether the back was bothering him coming in to the game, given that Jones suggested Romo had a pre-existing back problem.
"A little bit but nothing where I thought it was gonna be a major thing," Romo said. "[I] think I took a hit which kind of triggered it. And then one time whatever the kid did on that one play, really sent a . . . just didn't make it feel very comfortable. But it's a completely in a different spot than the back stuff I had last year so that's a good thing."
Curiously, Romo wasn't listed on the injury report as having a back injury. Next week, he likely will be.


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Cemetery John, The Undiscovered Matermind of the Lindbergh Kidnapping by Robert Zorn
I've always been interested in the Lindbergh kidnapping and murder. When I saw this book on the library shelf, I just had to read it. It was well written and I greatly enjoyed reading it. Of course, it stoked my interest and I got online and did some Google searches to find photos of this famous and tragic incident.
Charles Augustus Lindbergh, Sr. was born in Detroit, Michigan, on 2/4/1902 to Swedish immigrant Charles August Lindbergh (birth name Carl Mansson) (1859–1924), and Evangeline Lodge (1876–1954), of Detroit. Charles spent most of his childhood in Little Falls, Minnesota, and Washington, D.C. The Lindberghs separated in 1909. Lindbergh, Sr. was a U.S. Congressman (R-Minnesota) from 1907 to 1917 who gained notoriety when he opposed the entry of the U.S. into World War I. Mrs. Lindbergh was a chemistry teacher at Cass Technical High School in Detroit and later at Little Falls High School, from which Charles graduated in 1918. Lindbergh enrolled in the College of Engineering at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the Fall of 1920, but dropped out in the middle of his sophomore year and headed for Lincoln, Nebraska, in March 1922 to begin flight training. Lindbergh enrolled as a student at the Nebraska Aircraft Corporation's flying school and flew for the first time in his life on April 9, 1922, when he took to the air as a passenger in a two-seat Lincoln Standard "Tourabout" biplane trainer piloted by Otto Timm. Lindbergh left Lincoln in June to spend the summer and early fall barnstorming across Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming and Montana as a wing walker and parachutist with E.G. Bahl and later H.L. Lynch. During this time he also briefly held a job as an airplane mechanic in Billings, Montana, working at the Billings Municipal Airport. Lindbergh's first solo flight did not come until May 1923 at Souther Field in Americus, Georgia. Lindbergh took off from Americus for Montgomery, Alabama, on his first solo cross country flight, and went on to spend much of the rest of 1923 engaged in virtually nonstop barnstorming under the name of "Daredevil Lindbergh". Lindbergh had been ordered to report to Brooks Field on March 19, 1924, to begin a year of military flight training with the United States Army Air Service both there and later at nearby Kelly Field. Late in his training Lindbergh experienced his most serious flying accident on March 5, 1925, eight days before graduation. He was involved in a midair collision with another Army S.E.5 while practicing aerial combat maneuvers and was forced to bail out. In October 1925, Lindbergh was hired by the Robertson Aircraft Corporation (RAC) in St. Louis (where he had been working as a flight instructor) to first lay out, and then serve as chief pilot for the newly designated 278-mile Contract Air Mail Route #2 (CAM-2) to provide service between St. Louis and Chicago (Maywood Field) with two intermediate stops in Springfield and Peoria, Illinois. Twice during the 10 months that he flew CAM-2, Lindbergh temporarily lost "custody and control" of mails that he was transporting when he was forced to bail out of his mail plane owing to bad weather, equipment problems, and/or fuel exhaustion. In the two incidents, which both occurred while he was approaching Chicago at night, Lindbergh landed by parachute near small farming communities in northeastern Illinois. On September 16, 1926, he came down about 60 miles (97 km) southwest of Chicago near the town of Wedron, while six weeks later, on November 3, 1926, Lindbergh bailed out again about 70 miles further south hitting the ground in another farm field located just west of the city of Bloomington near the town of Covell. After landing without serious injury on both occasions, Lindbergh's first concern was to immediately locate the wreckage of his crashed mail planes, make sure that the bags of mail were promptly secured and salvaged, and then to see that they were entrained or trucked on to Chicago with as little delay as possible. Lindbergh continued on as chief pilot of CAM-2 until mid-February 1927, when he left for San Diego, California, to oversee the design and construction of the Spirit of St. Louis.
Charles Augustus Lindbergh, Sr.
The $25,000 Orteig Prize was first offered by the French-born New York hotelier (Lafayette Hotel) Raymond Orteig on May 19, 1919. Although that initial time limit lapsed without a serious challenger, the state of aviation technology had advanced sufficiently by 1924 to prompt Orteig to extend his offer for another five years. Lindbergh took off in the early morning of Friday, May 20, 1927. Dubbed the Spirit of St. Louis, his plane was a fabric covered, single-seat, single-engine "Ryan NYP" high-wing monoplane carrying a heavy load of 450 gallons of gasoline weighing approximately 2,710 lbs. Over the next 33 1/2 hours he faced many challenges including flying over storm clouds at 10,000 feet and wave tops at as low at 10 ft ), fighting icing, flying blind through fog for several hours, and navigating only by the stars (when visible) and "dead reckoning" before landing at Le Bourget Airport at 10:22 PM on Saturday, May 21, 1927 to a crowd of estimated 150,000 people. His plane was mobbed and he was carried above the crowd's heads for nearly half an hour before being rescued. He and his plane were shipped back to the United States where he was celebrated with a ticker tape parade in New York on June 13, 1927.
Ticker Tape Parade in New York City for Charles Lindbergh
Anne Morrow Lindbergh was the daughter of Dwight Morrow who, as partner at J.P. Morgan & Co., had acted as financial adviser to Lindbergh and who had been appointed U.S. Ambassador to Mexico in 1927. Lindbergh was invited by Morrow on a goodwill tour to Mexico, and he met Anne in Mexico City in December 1927. Anne was born in 1906 so she was 4 years younger than Lindbergh. She was the first girl he ever asked for a date. He taught Anne how to fly and they made trips together. The couple were married on May 27, 1929, and eventually had six children: Charles Augustus Lindbergh, Jr.; Jon Morrow Lindbergh (b. August 16, 1932); Land Morrow Lindbergh (b. 1937); Anne Lindbergh (1940–1993); Scott Lindbergh (b. 1942); and Reeve Lindbergh (b. 1945).
Anne Morrow Lindbergh
Anne Morrow Lindbergh
Lindbergh landing at the Morrow estate, Next Day Hill, in Englewood, New Jersey.
Charles and Anne Lindbergh
Charles Augustus Lindbergh, Jr. was born June 22, 1930 in Englewood, NJ.
Anne Morrow Lindbergh holding their first child, their son, Charles A. Lindbergh, Jr.
Anne Morrow Lindbergh pushing little Charles Lindbergh in his stroller with one of their dogs.
Notice the black and white Scottish Terriers? The black one was the one riding in the carriage in the photo above.
Charles Lindbergh, Jr. at his first birthday.
With fame, came the problems that all famous people face. Reporters, crazy people, rude people were hectoring the Lindberghs. Charles Lindbergh purchased 425 acres outside of Hopewell, NJ in the Sourland Mountain area. He wanted the remoteness to protect his family from all the reporters and fame seekers.
Lindbergh's new house, Highfields, in East Amwell near Hopewell, New Jersey. There was still construction going on when the kidnapping happened. They had been staying with Anne's parents at their estate, Next Day Hill. But they had come to stay for the weekend at their new house on this raw weekend in March, 1932. Anne was with the baby and he got sick so she decided to stay over. She called Next Day Hill to request the baby's nurse to come to Highfields. Betty Gow had been with the family since the birth of the baby and was as close to him as his parents. Charles flew in the evening of the kidnapping and was at home when it occurred.
A map of the Lindbergh baby's nursery
The Lindbergh baby's crib.
At 8:00 pm on March 1, 1932, the nurse-maid, Betty Gow, put 20-month-old Charles Lindbergh, Jr. in his crib. She pinned the blanket covering him with two large safety pins so as to prevent it from moving while he slept. Charles had gone downstairs to his study/library (directly below the nursery) to read while Anne was in their bedroom. At around 9:30 pm, Col. Lindbergh heard a noise that made him think some slats had fallen off an orange crate in the kitchen. At 10:00 pm, Betty Gow discovered that the baby was missing from his crib. She in turn went to ask Mrs. Lindbergh, who was just coming out of the bath, if she had the baby with her. Then the nurse ran downstairs to see if Charles had the child. The search was on. Charles checked out the house while carrying his rifle. Back in the nursery they found a ransom note on the windowsill. Within 20 mins the police from Hopewell, NJ were on their way. First on the scene was Chief Harry Wolfe of the Hopewell police. Wolfe was soon joined by New Jersey State Police officers. The police searched the home and scoured the surrounding area for miles. After midnight, a fingerprint expert arrived at the home to examine the note left on the window sill and the ladder. The ladder had 400 partial fingerprints and some footprints left behind. The room had been wiped clean of ALL fingerprints. Not even the baby or his nurse or his parents' fingerprints were in the room. Soon other officials were rushing to get involved and offer their services hoping for some of the fame to come their way. Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf, superintendent of the New Jersey State Police, was one who took over. Herbert Hoover wanted in on it but Schwarzkopf held him off and refused to let him help. At first, everyone thought it was organized crime and they contacted Mickey Rosner, thought to know mobsters. Rosner, in turn, brought in two speakeasy owners: Salvatore "Salvy" Spitale and Irving Bitz to be Lindbergh's intermediaries with the mob. Unknown to Lindbergh, however, Bitz and Spitale were actually in cahoots with the New York Daily News, a newspaper which hoped get a scoop. The mob all seemed to be as shocked as the Lindberghs and offered their own rewards to anyone who came forward. The public was offered a $75,000 reward for the safe return of "Little Lindy". Since this was during the Great Depression, this was a huge sum!
A picture showing the kidnapper's ladder under the baby's nursery window.
The ladder could be broken into sections for car transport. It could then be carried, linked with a wooden dowl, and used against the house. It was found not far from the house along with a tool.
Violet Sharpe, a 28 year old who worked for the Morrows at Next Day Hill as a serving maid, was a British woman who was hired 2 years prior to the kidnapping when she came into America from Toronto. Upon questioning on 3/10, she told the police that on Tuesday, 3/1/1932, Anne Lindbergh called the Morrow household to ask for Betty Gow, the baby's nurse, to return to Hopewell because the baby had a cold and they were staying until he was well. Violet told the police she and an "acquaintance" went out at 8:30pm accompanied by another couple. But Violet couldn't remember the couples' names nor could she remember the name of her date or where they had gone. On April 13 Violet added more details saying they went to the Peanut Grill, a roadhouse. When Inspector Walsh said he could not believe she would accompany three strangers to a roadhouse, Violet was offended so she gave more details. She said she was taking a walk with her sister, Emily, when a man in a green Nash sedan waved at them. Violet thought the man was someone on the Morrow staff and waved back. The man then pulled alongside Violet and Emily, and Violet realized she didn't know the man after all. The man offered Violet and Emily a ride, but they declined. The man then asked if he could have Violet's phone number so he could call and ask her out. Violet agreed and gave him the Morrow number. The following Tuesday, March 1, Ernie called her and asked if she wanted to go to a movie. She said he introduced her to another couple who doubledated with them to the Peanut Grill where they danced. She said she drank coffee while the others drank beer. Violet returned home a few minutes before eleven. Soon thereafter, the telephone rang to inform the Morrow household of the kidnapping. She described "Ernie" as tall and thin with fair complexion and wearing a gray hat, navy-blue suit, and a dark gray overcoat. She still didn't remember the names of the other couple but gave a description. She was supposedly on the verge of an engagement with the Morrow's butler, Septimus Banks. Why would she go on a date with a strangers? Her sister, Emily, left for England on April 6 without informing the police. The police found that Violet had a savings account with a $1,600 balance. How did she save that kind of money in 2 years making $100/month? Violet could not be questioned later because she entered Englewood Hospital on May 11. Her doctor said she had problems with her adenoids and tonsils.(?) On 5/12, a day later, the baby's body was discovered. Violet became moody and isolated herself from everyone else. She returned home from the hospital and Inspector Walsh scheduled another interview for May 23. She gave a revised story. She was questioned a 3rd time on 6/9/1932. This time he brought a photo of Ernest Brinkert to ask her if this was "Ernie". It seems the police had found a card for Ernest Brinkert in Violet's possessions (the same time they found the savings passbook). Violet agreed the photo was of the man she called "Ernie". Brinkert was known as a petty thief. A 4th questioning was arranged but, as the police were on their way, Violet ran upstairs taking some silver polish with her. She ingested the silver polish which contained potassium cyanide. She walked downstairs, started to speak to a chambermaid, Emily Kempairien, but she fell forward. She died before the ambulance could make it to the house. The police put out a warrant for Ernest Brinkert. Ernest was eventually arrested, but upon Dr. J.F. Condon's strong evidence that Ernest was not "John", police were confused. Then a man named Ernest Miller, came forward claiming he was the "Ernie" who took Violet to the Peanut Grill. He had heard police were looking for an Ernie who dated Violet Sharpe from the Morrow household. Police wondered why Violet identified the photo of Brinkert as the man she dated when he was not.
Col. Henry Skillman Breckenridge, an attorney, who was a friend and confidante of Charles Lindbergh.
Dr. J.F. Condon "Jafsie" (came from saying his initials, J.F.C., quickly) was a well-known Bronx personality and retired school teacher and principal. Proclaiming his willingness to help the Lindberghs he added $1000 of his own money to the reward. Condon received a letter through the Home News signed with the famous signature. It authorized Condon as their intermediary with Lindbergh.
J.F. Condon coming into court with Prosecuter David T. Wilentz.
Flyers for the kidnapped Lindbergh baby.
The first ransom note, left on the windowsill.
A few days after the kidnapping, a new ransom letter arrived at the Lindbergh home via the mail. Postmarked in Brooklyn. Some of the ransom notes with the signature.
Simplified version of the famous "singnature".
Some of the communications between the kidnappers and the Lindberghs happened using the newspaper Personal ads. "Jafsie" was Dr. J.F. Condon, the go-between.
A meeting between "Jafsie" and a man who claimed to be one of the kidnappers was eventually scheduled for late one evening at Woodlawn Cemetery. According to Condon, the man sounded foreign but stayed in the shadows during the conversation, and he was unable to get a close look at his face. The man said his name was John, and he told Condon that he was a "Scandinavian" sailor, part of a gang of three men and two women. The Lindbergh child was unharmed and being held on a boat, but the kidnappers were still not ready to return him or receive the ransom. When Condon expressed doubt that "John" actually had the baby, "John" promised some proof. The stranger asked Condon, "... would I burn [be executed], if the package [baby] were dead?" When questioned further, he assured Condon that the baby was alive. On March 16, 1932, John Condon received a package by mail that contained a toddler's sleeping suit, which was sent as proof of their claim, and a seventh ransom note.
The ransom was packaged in a wooden box per the kidnapper's instructions. The ransom money itself was made up with a number of gold certificates that were to be withdrawn from circulation in the near future. It was hoped that anyone passing large amounts of gold notes would draw attention to themselves and help aid in identifying the abductors. Also, while the bills themselves were not marked, the serial number of each bill was recorded. On April 2, Condon was given a note by cab driver Raymond Perrone, who said he had been paid by a man to deliver the note. This note was the first in a series of convoluted instructions that led Condon and Lindbergh all over Manhattan. Eventually, they were sent to St. Raymond's Cemetery. Condon met a man he thought might have been "John" and told "John" that they had only been able to raise $50,000. The man accepted the money and gave Condon a note that supposedly had the baby's location in it. Lindbergh, who saw the man only from a distance, had insisted the police not be informed of the meeting, and the suspect got away without being followed again. The note stated that the child was being held on a boat called the Nelly at Martha's Vineyard. The child was supposedly in the care of two women who, according to the note, were innocent. Charles Lindbergh drove to the coast and went up in his plane. For 2 days he flew and searchers in boats combed the area but no boat named Nelly was found.
St. Raymond's Cemetery, 2600 Lafayette Avenue, New York, NY
William Allen
On May 12, 1932, delivery truck driver William Allen pulled his truck to the side of a road about 4 1/2 miles from the Lindbergh home. He got out to relieve himself and walked into the woods. He happened to see something. It was the skull of a child. He looked more carefully and found a skeleton. Allen notified police, who took the body to a morgue in nearby Trenton, New Jersey. The body was badly decomposed, and it was discovered that the skull was badly fractured. The left leg and both hands were missing, and there were signs that the body had been chewed on by various animals as well as indications that someone had made an attempt to hastily bury the body.
The baby was wearing a sleep shirt under his sleeping suit when he was kidnapped. The black sleep shirt was found on the corpse. Compared to one like the baby wore.
Bruno Richard Hauptmann and his bride, Anna Schoeffler. Hauptmann was born on November 26, 1899 in Kamenz in the German Empire, the youngest of five children. He had three brothers and a sister. Hauptmann attended public school, but quit at the age of 14. He then worked during the day while attending trade school at night. He studied carpentry for the first year and then switched to machine school for two years. In 1917, his father died. In the same year his brother, Herman, was killed fighting in France in World War I. Then he found out his brother Max had been killed in Russia. Hauptmann was conscripted shortly after. Hauptmann would claim that he was deployed to Western France with the 177th Regiment of Machine Gunners in either August or September 1918 then fought in the Battle of Saint-Mihiel. He would also say he was gassed in either September or October 1918. He also claimed that while his position was being shelled, he was hit in the helmet with a piece of metal. According to him, this knocked him out for hours, and he was left for dead. When he came to, he crawled back to safety and was back to the machine guns that evening.
After the war, Hauptmann and a friend robbed two women wheeling baby carriages full of food on the road between Wiesa and Nebelschütz. The friend wielded Hauptmann's army pistol during the commission of this crime. Hauptmann's other charges include burglarizing a mayor's house (using a ladder). Released after three years in prison, he was arrested three months later on suspicion of further burglaries. He managed to escape and became a stowaway to America. Landing in New York in September 1923, the 24-year-old Hauptmann was taken in by a member of the established German community and worked as a carpenter. He married a German waitress in 1925 and became a father eight years later. He and his family lived in a 2nd story apartment on the corner of Needham Avenue and East 222nd Street in the Bronx. He had built a small wooden garage across the street where he stored his car.
On 9/17/1934, a $10 gold certificate, part of the ransom, was given to a gas station attendant as payment. Gold certificates were being withdrawn from circulation which made this suspicious. So the gas station attendant wrote down the license plate number of the car on the bill. When the bill went through the bank, it was checked against the list of ransom numbers and matched. The police were called and talked to the gas station attendant. When they ran the license plate it belonged to a dark blue Dodge sedan owned by Hauptmann. His apartment was put under surveillance. The police wanted to get him away from home so he wouldn't try a shootout with his wife and son in the crossfire. On the morning of September 19, 1934, the team followed Hauptmann as he left his apartment but were quickly noticed. As a result, Hauptmann attempted to get away by ignoring red lights and traveling at the high speed of 50mph! As the chase continued, Hauptmann was accidentally boxed in by a municipal sprinkler truck between 178th Street and East Tremont Avenue. He was arrested and his apartment and garage were torn apart looking for clues.
When Hauptmann was arrested, he had on his person a twenty dollar gold certificate. A search by police of Hauptmann's garage found $1,830 of the ransom money hidden behind a board. Another $11,930 was found in a can near a window in the garage. He was questioned and beaten by the police. He continued to deny being involved in the murder. The money supposdely had been left with him by a friend and former business partner, Isidor Fisch. Fisch had died on March 29, 1934, shortly after returning to Germany. After Fisch's death, Hauptmann opened the shoe box left with him and saw it contained a considerable sum of money. He took the money because he claimed Fisch owed it to him from a business deal that he and Fisch had made. Other evidence was found to connect Hauptmann.
Corbis had a lot of photographs of this tragic event. Check them out for more photos.
The closet with Condon's address and phone number written inside on the finish mold around the door.
The attic flooring shows where some lumber had been sawn off and removed. It was supposedly matched to some of the lumber that was used to make the ladder.
Bruno Hauptmann at his trial for kidnapping and murdering the Lindbergh's baby boy.
Charles Lindbergh entering the courthouse to testify in Hauptmann's trial.
The reporters were literally coming out of the woodwork to get stories and pictures.
Anna S. Hauptmann in Hunterdon county court, Flemington, N.J., January 30, 1935 after she had testified in defense of her husband. She maintained his innocence throughout the rest of her life. She died at the age of 95 yrs old on 10/10/1994 in Lancaster, PA. She was survived by their only child, Manfred Hauptmann.
Anna Hauptmann when she heard the "Guilty" verdict and sentence of death.
Rev. H. Dobson-Peabody who ministered to Hauptmann and though the was innocent. Also pictured is one of the hokesters, John Hughes Curtis.
Bruna Richard Hauptmann being strapped in the electric chair.
What happened to some of the other people involved in this famous case.
The Lindberghs moved to England to "seek a safe, secluded residence away from the tremendous public hysteria" that surrounded them in America. The family rented "Long Barn" in the village of Sevenoaks Weald, Kent, England. In 1938, the family moved to Ile Illiec, a small four-acre island Lindbergh purchased off the Breton coast of France. In April, 1939, they came back to the States to a rented seaside estate at Lloyd Neck, Long Island, NY. General H. H. ("Hap") Arnold, the Chief of the United States Army Air Corps in which Lindbergh was a Colonel in the Reserves requested him to accept a temporary call up to active duty in order to help evaluate that service's readiness for a potential war. At the behest of the U.S. military, Lindbergh traveled several times to Germany to report on German aviation and the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) from 1936 through 1938. The American ambassador to Germany, Hugh Wilson, invited Lindbergh to dinner with Göring at the American embassy in Berlin in 1938. For Lindbergh's 1927 flight and services to aviation, on behalf of Adolf Hitler, Göring presented him with the Commander Cross of the Order of the German Eagle. However, Lindbergh's acceptance of the medal caused controversy after Kristallnacht, an anti-Jewish pogrom that broke out in Germany a few weeks later. Lindbergh declined to return the medal. At the urging of U.S. Ambassador Joseph Kennedy, Lindbergh wrote a secret memo to the British warning that if Britain and France responded militarily to German dictator Adolf Hitler's violation of the Munich Agreement in 1938, it would be suicide. Lindbergh stated that France's military strength was inadequate and that Britain had an outdated military over-reliant upon naval power. He recommended they urgently strengthen their air arsenal in order to force Hitler. In late 1940, he became spokesman of the antiwar America First Committee. He soon became its most prominent public spokesman, speaking to overflowing crowds in Madison Square Garden in New York City and Soldier Field in Chicago. Lindbergh argued that America did not have any business attacking Germany and believed in upholding the Monroe Doctrine. President Roosevelt publicly criticized Lindbergh's views on neutrality. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Lindbergh sought to be recommissioned in the USAAF. The Secretary of War, Henry L. Stimson, declined the request on instructions from the White House. He worked as an engineering consultant during most of the War. He showed Marine Vought F4U Corsair pilots how to take off with twice the bomb load that the fighter-bomber was rated for and on May 21, 1944, he flew his first combat mission: a strafing run with VMF-222 near the Japanese garrison of Rabaul. In his six months in the Pacific in 1944, Lindbergh took part in fighter bomber raids on Japanese positions, flying about 50 combat missions (again as a civilian). On July 28, 1944, during a P-38 bomber escort mission with the 433rd Fighter Squadron, 475th Fighter Group, Fifth Air Force, in the Ceram area, Lindbergh shot down a Sonia observation plane piloted by Captain Saburo Shimada, Commanding Officer of the 73rd Independent Chutai. After the war, while touring the Nazi concentration camps, Lindbergh wrote in his autobiography that he was disgusted and angered.
After World War II, he lived in Darien, Connecticut and served as a consultant to the Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force and to Pan American World Airways. With most of Eastern Europe having fallen under Communist control, Lindbergh believed most of his pre-war assessments were correct all along. But Berg reports after witnessing the defeat of Germany and the Holocaust firsthand shortly after his service in the Pacific, "he knew the American public no longer gave a hoot about his opinions." His 1953 book The Spirit of St. Louis, recounting his nonstop, transatlantic flight, won the Pulitzer Prize in 1954, and his literary agent, George T. Bye, sold the film rights to Hollywood for more than a million dollars. Dwight D. Eisenhower restored Lindbergh's assignment with the U.S. Air Force and made him a Brigadier General in 1954. In that year, he served on the Congressional advisory panel set up to establish the site of the United States Air Force Academy.
Charles was hurt by Anne's three-year affair in the early 1950s with her personal doctor. It is said that Lindbergh had seven illegitimate children from affairs. From 1957 until his death in 1974, Lindbergh had a relationship with German hat maker Brigitte Hesshaimer (1926–2003) who lived in a small Bavarian town called Geretsried. On November 23, 2003, DNA tests proved that he fathered her three children. The two managed to keep the love affair secret; even the children did not know the true identity of their father, whom they saw when he came to visit once or twice per year using the alias "Careu Kent." Brigitte Hesshaimer's daughter Astrid later read a magazine article about Lindbergh and found snapshots and more than a hundred letters written from him to her mother. She disclosed the affair after both Brigitte and Anne Morrow Lindbergh had died. At the same time as Lindbergh was involved with Brigitte Hesshaimer, he also had a relationship with her sister, Marietta (born 1924), who bore him two more sons. Lindbergh had a house of his own design built for Marietta in a vineyard in Grimisuat in the Swiss canton Valais. Two of the seven children were from his relationship with the East Prussian aristocrat Valeska, who was Lindbergh's private secretary in Europe. They had a son in 1959 and a daughter in 1961. She had been friends with the Hesshaimer sisters and was the one who introduced them to Charles Lindbergh. In the beginning, they lived all together in his apartment in Rome. Ten days before he died in August 1974, Lindbergh wrote three letters from his hospital bed to his three mistresses and requested 'utmost secrecy'.
Over the course of their 45-year marriage, Charles and Anne lived in New Jersey, New York, England, France, Maine, Michigan, Connecticut, Switzerland, and Hawaii. Lindbergh spent his final years on the Hawaiian island of Maui, where he died of lymphoma on August 26, 1974 at age 72. He was buried on the grounds of the Palapala Ho'omau Church in Kipahulu, Maui. As for Anne, after suffering a series of strokes in the early 1990s, which left her confused and disabled, Anne continued to live in her home in Connecticut with the assistance of round-the-clock caregivers. During a visit to her daughter Reeve's family in 1999, she came down with pneumonia, after which she went to live near Reeve in a small home built on Reeve's Vermont farm, where Anne died in 2001 at the age of 94 from another stroke.
As for the book, Cemetery John, Zorn thinks he has discovered the other kidnapper(s) in John Knoll. He makes a good case. It was pretty obvious that Hauptmann (if he was involved) was not alone. But once he was taken into custody, all investigations stopped and no one else was ever caught. Zorn's book was easy to read, interesting and presented his case well.
John Knoll
Does John Knoll look more like the "John" that Dr. J.F. Condon described who met him at St. Raymond's Cemetery and took the ransom money?
John Knoll met and married his 2nd wife, Lilly Karg. It was said that it was not a happy marriage and that John Knoll was abusive to his first two wives. John and Lilly left New York and moved in with his sister and her husband in St. Clemens, Michigan shortly after Hauptmann was arrested.
Here is a photo taken on the S.S. Manhattan in December 8, 1934. They left for Germany 3 1/2 weeks before Hauptmann went on trial. John and Lilly are seated behind this table of women. He doesn't look very happy. His new wife is wearing a black dress with a sequinned collar.
Lilly Karg Knoll looking nervously at her husband.
John Knoll came back to America in February, 1935 just days after the conviction of Hauptmann. Lilly didn't come back with him as she had found out she was pregnant. In August, 1935 she gave birth to their son, John Robert "Bobby" Knoll in Mt. Clemens, Michigan. Lilly stayed with John until their son was 8 months old. She then left him and took their son back to Germany. She stayed there for at least 10 yrs. John Knoll married a 3rd time to a woman named Ida who was 7 years older than Knoll. This marriage lasted.
(Thanks to Wikipedia for most of this information!)
My own questions:
* If Bruno Richard Hauptmann was a trained and experienced master carpenter why would he build such a rickety ladder? It was made in 3 sections (which indicates 3 people carrying it from the car). Once they decided to go ahead with the plan, they only used 2 sections. Why? If they had used all 3 sections, the baby might not have died. With 2 sections the person to receive the baby was stretching it to the limit.
* Was the plan to snatch the child from the Morrow estate but then the child wasn't there? If so, how did they know the child wasn't at the Morrow estate? How did they know the interior and workings of the Morrow estate? It was much better fortified against intruders. It makes more sense for them to try it at the Lindbergh estate, Highfields. If Highfields was always the original plan, how did they know Anne and the baby were there?
* It was supposedly a raw, windy night. If the kidnapper came up the ladder, into the room, how come there was no noise to alert Charles? If the kidnapper was alone, how could he have handled getting back out the window with the baby and without noise? If an accomplice had followed him up the ladder, then he handed the baby out to the accomplice. Then he would have had to scurry out the window and down the ladder? But he left the ransom note on the windowsill? Why not leave it on the crib, the table, the mantle? But they left it on the windowsill where wind could have knocked it down?
* Did someone sneak in the house, up the stairs and take the baby and then hand the baby out the window to an accomplice? If so, why not take the baby back out the way he came in?
* Evidently the baby was dropped from the window either accidentally while handing the baby out or the baby was thrown to someone below and he was missed and hit the ground. Did this fall kill the baby? Or didi it injure the child and then the baby was killed by panicked kidnappers? Or did the baby fall at all? Maybe the kidnappers bludgeoned the baby to kill him and it was intentional homicide all along. Maybe they never intended to keep him alive.
* What were they going to do with a live, kidnapped 20 mos old child? Did they have women involved to care for the child (as the ransom notes said)? If so, who? Anna Hauptmann doesn't seem to have been involved, John and Walter Knoll were not married at the time. Any household staff (like Violet Sharpe) would have been a suspect if she turned up missing after a successful kidnapping. Who was suppose to care for the kidnapped baby boy after the snatch?
* Why didn't the baby make any noise? Did they chloroform the baby to insure quiet? An awake baby grabbed and shoved in a burlap bag, handed out the window on a cold, windy night would have started screaming and Charles would have heard.
* How did the kidnappers know the family would be at Highfields? They weren't living there yet and usually only spent a weekend. It was unpredictable that the baby would get sick and Anne would keep Little Lindy at Highfields. They may have thought Charles wasn't suppose to be at home and yet, he flew in and drove home and was home in time for dinner. But, even if Charles hadn't been home, there was still Anne, Betty Gow, the butler and his wife, the housekeeper. It wasn't like the child was unprotected. Highfields might have been an easier target for insertion and extraction but how did they know the family was there? These kidnappers were from NY. Had they been making trips to survey the place. Even if they did, how did they know the family would be there that night?
* Who wiped the entire nursery down to get rid of all fingerprints? According to reports there were NO fingerprints in the entire nursery? That would have taken some time wouldn't it. If they knew enough about fingerprints (and they must have since they wiped it down) then why not wear gloves so they wouldn't have to take the time to wipe down the room.
* The ransom notes that had the peculiar signature started with the one left in the nursery. The unique signature was a smart move to weed out any and all the crazies that did come out with confessions, fake ransom letters, hoaxes, etc. Also the idea of hiding the child with 2 women on a boat was pretty brilliant. No one would have thought of this and the boat would have been a move-able location. Always on the move, never in one place at a time. This indicates some thought and intelligence and yet, the letters were badly spelled, poor grammar and word usage. From the phrases and words, it was deduced that they were written by a German immigrant (to me it seemed Italian). The notes often said the kidnap plot had been planned for a year. How could they plan it when the Lindberghs were building their house, not living in it fulltime? They were off schedule when the baby was taken? Why did the kidnappers take the baby that day? Why not the normal Saturday or Sunday they had been there? Who called and told the kidnappers that "tonight is the night?" Who planned this? Who had the smarts to plan this and yet wrote such bad notes? Someone that spoke like the notes and was an insider in the household would have been a pretty obvious suspect. Some say the bad spelling and grammar were faked to cover intelligence but they were always the same. Wouldn't there be a slip up in all the notes that were received? Doesn't the consistency speak for the writer being poorly educated in English?
* How did they know where the nursery was in the house? They didn't search the house looking for the baby, they went right to the nursery. The ladder was placed outside the nursery window.
* Why didn't they wait until later in the night when everyone was asleep? Why take the chance of a kidnapping when Charles was awake and reading right below the nursery. There were no curtains so the light would have shown through the windows below the nursery and they still used a ladder just outside the window where Charles was reading?
* If they didn't expect Charles Lindbergh to be home that night why didn't they withdraw when he did come home? Why risk so much? If they had waited a year why not wait until another time or at least a few more hours until everyone was asleep?


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Evening classes canceled Feb. 7, 2018. Learn more.
Home | Academics | Our Schools | Conservatory of Performing Arts | Conservatory News & Features
The REP, Point Park University's professional theatre company, presents the world premiere of Mid-Strut at the Pittsburgh Playhouse Feb. 3–19. Mid-Strut is written by Eric Burns and directed by Ronald Allan-Lindblom, associate vice president and artistic director for the Conservatory of Performing Arts.
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Facing the devastating news that her longtime husband, Jack McGruder, has had an affair, Wendy finds herself at a crossroads when she receives an unexpected blast from her past. It seems an admirer from her baton-twirling glory days three decades earlier seeks to once and for all kindle his unrequited love. Also named Jack, this charming man sweeps the former majorette off her feet and offers Wendy a welcome distraction in her life just as her husband has broken her heart. Funny, real and poignant, Eric Burns' world-premiere play strikes a very human chord.
"The title refers to the way in which the main character remembers this idealized girl from his youth (who was a majorette and therefore was often seen in "mid-strut")," says Phil Winters, an assistant professor of theatre at Point Park, who plays Paul Hodges. "But I think it also refers to the way in which the main character is suddenly confronted, in what we would consider to be middle age, with the realization that life does not just go on, but that in fact one's life may be interrupted or ended without warning, before one has had a chance to 'wrap things up.'"
"Follow your impulses, follow your dreams. I think that this has less to do with my character but, in a weird way, my character discovers himself in the play. So many times we don't follow our impulses in life and this play encourages us to do that," said John Shepard, associate professor of theatre at Point Park, who plays the husband Jack McGruder. He describes his character as "a guy who has screwed up big time. He is an accountant who is unhappy with his job. He has put his relationship with his wife and daughter in jeopardy and must suffer the consequences."
Former students of Point Park University, Maggie Carr and Quinn Shannon, come together with current instructors, John Shepard and Phil Winters in this production.
"One of the things I love about our Conservatory program, I always thought of it as an apprenticeship program. Students learn the trade," said Shepard on working with his past students. "Working professionals teaching future working professionals. Makes perfect sense to me."
Article by Tess DeStefano, sophomore acting major
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Miranda Lambert is finally speaking out about her divorce from Blake Shelton.
The 32-year-old country music star talked about their breakup in an interview with Cosmopolitan, which "Entertainment Tonight" and NBC's "Today" reported this week, more than four months after Shelton, 39, filed papers to end their marriage.
"Marriage is a tough business, and we gave it our best college try," she is quoted as telling the magazine. "I had a great relationship with an amazing man, so I know what good is. I have a great launching pad for the future. I will never take that for granted."
PHOTOS: Blake Shelton &Miranda Lambert: Romance rewind
Lambert and Shelton were married for more than four years. They have no children together.
Shelton, who first spoke about the divorce to the media in September, is now dating his "The Voice" co-star Gwen Stefani, 46. Stefani filed papers to end her marriage to husband Gavin Rossdale in August. The two have three sons together.
Lambert recently starting dating, but there's no one serious on the horizon yet, E! News learned recently.
"She can't wait to one day have children if it's meant to be and have a husband again," a source said. "She has not given up on love."
Lambert decided to spend the Thanksgiving holiday with her family, according to her Instagram page.
"Nothing beats a handwritten note from Mom. #homesweethome #cheetosandwine," she wrote.
E! and NBC are part of the NBCUniversal family.
PHOTOS: Miranda Lambert's best looks


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Environmental Studies Courses
335-40100 Environmental Seminar NS LA
Seminars, discussion, and readings in environmental studies and science. Required of environmental science majors. Prerequisites: Junior standing; environmental studies or environmental science major. Pass/fail only. 0.5 credits. (F, S)
335-45000 Capstone Seminar for Environmental Studies/Science Majors LA U
An integrative course that encourages students to apply ideas and concepts learned as an environmental studies major toward a specific area of environmental inquiry or a particular environmental problem. The specific subject matter of the course is determined by the professor teaching it, but common to all capstone seminars is class involvement in a rigorous research agenda, drawing on methodologies from natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities. Course topics generally focus on local or regional environmental issues, showing their interconnections to global environmental concerns. Students are encouraged to move out of the classroom to conduct research projects. Public presentations of research findings is strongly encouraged. Prerequisites: Junior standing or above; environmental studies or environmental science majors. 3-4 credits. (F-S,Y)
335-49000 Independent Study U LA
The program of study may be a reading program of materials of special interest to the student, or one involving developing and executing a research project on a specific topic. Reading or research is undertaken under faculty direction. Prerequisites: Permission of instructor. 1-4 credits. (F-S,Y)
335-49500 Internship NLA
Permits students to explore environmental studies through a variety of work experiences. Students are expected to submit, as part of their course obligations, a thorough written evaluative report based on their experiences. Internships may be taken at national, state, and local levels, and in London under the auspices of the Ithaca College London Center. Prerequisites: Permission of instructor; completion of three-quarters of an environmental studies major or minor. 1-12 credits. (F-S,Y)
A. Ozolins, Office of Creative Services, 15. July, 2005


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The AIDS Theatre Project
April 2001
The Play's the ThingOn an afternoon in December, three groups of New York City schoolchildren go on a field trip with a difference. Instead of visiting Ellis Island or the Bronx Zoo or any of the city's thousands of other historical and educational attractions, these kids are taken to Pace University's Downtown Theatre in lower Manhattan. Here, under the sponsorship of a group called Community Works, they will see This AIDS Thing, a frank and thought-provoking production by the fourteen-year-old AIDS Theatre Project.
When the students arrive, the stage is bare except for a few simple furnishings and props -- four chairs, a small table, a couple of telephones. Three men and a woman enter. As they begin to speak, it is to themselves, not each other, but each is saying the same thing: "I have AIDS!"
Over the next half hour, the characters -- "Chris Marshall," "Rita Brown," "Robert Findley," and "Kevin" -- share with the audience some of the problems and questions and fears that are part of the lives of people with AIDS. In a series of monologues and two-person vignettes, we hear about the difficulties of dealing with a diagnosis of HIV or AIDS. Among the issues they cover are decisions about how and to whom to disclose information, bureaucratic nightmares around insurance and preparing wills, and the practical problems involved in simply getting good and reliable health information. Rita looks back at her own history of drug use and ahead to the possibility of her own death. Chris fights isolation and stigmatization. Kevin talks about his anger, and his bereavement at the loss of many of his friends. Robert remembers being at the bedside of his dying wife and the conversation in which he gave her permission to go. The characters recount hellish emergency room visits and the delicate issue of disclosing their status to potential sexual partners.
Audience ParticipationAt the end of the scripted play, the actors step out of character and are joined by ATP Managing Director Lisa Freedman. She introduces the actors and explains that all of them, and she herself, are HIV-positive, and invites the audience to ask questions about the issues that have been raised in the play, or any other questions they have about HIV and AIDS.
The questions are slow in coming at first. There is a lot of giggling in the young audience, a lot of whispering. Gradually, however, and with some prodding by Freedman and the teachers in the audience, some of the braver hands are raised. Once the ice is broken, it gets easier, and the Q and A becomes lively and far-ranging.
The questions betray greatly differing degrees of knowledge about HIV/AIDS, but they also demonstrate that these children know the disease is out there and that they want to know how they can keep from getting it. The ATP panel is careful to treat all questions seriously. When one young girl asks if she could get HIV from lip gloss, the question is greeted by laughs and groans from some of her peers. One of the actors silences them, however, with the admonition that there is no such thing as a stupid question, and uses it as an opening for an AIDS 101-type discussion of how the virus is transmitted. This leads to further questions about the safety of things like kissing, and even of oral sex.
At the other end of the spectrum, one of the young people raises the publicity about Magic Johnson's claims to have been "cured," leading to a fairly sophisticated discussion of viral load and how the new drugs may not work for everyone, and may not work forever.
The youngsters want to know if babies can be born positive, and whether two HIV-positive people need to use condoms when having sex. They ask incisive and poignant questions about how to talk to potential partners before "the intimate moment" and whether rejection is a problem for people with HIV.
At first, the questions from the audience all revolve around sexual transmission of the virus. When discussing how the virus enters the blood, however, the panelists themselves raise the issue of sharing needles for intravenous drug use or body piercing.
The ATP group answers the questions frankly, talking about their own experiences and those of their friends. They talk about the times they have been rejected, either by potential sex partners or by old friends and even family members. They also talk about the sometimes unexpected support they have found from loved ones and from others both within and outside of "the AIDS community." They talk about the importance of using condoms all the time, and why the girls should have their own condoms and not leave it to the guys. They talk about how they dealt with their own diagnoses, about their own feelings of fear and shame, and about how they are working to overcome them.
BackstageThe AIDS Theatre Project was formed in 1987, making it among the older of the small programs formed in response to the AIDS epidemic. Managing Director Freedman draws a strong distinction between ATP and larger multi-service organizations such as Gay Men's Health Crisis or AIDS Project Los Angeles. "We're an educational theatre project," she says, "not an AIDS service organization."
The genesis of the ATP was in a series of writing workshops held at the AIDS residence Bailey House, originally conceived as a creative outlet for people living with AIDS. As the participants explored their own feelings, however, they wanted to share their experiences with others, and eventually they wanted to be part of getting the prevention message out.
The original members of the company were primarily professional actors who were too sick to work regularly. As the epidemic spread and its demographics changed, so too did the makeup of the AIDS Theatre Project. Today few of the participants have any prior theatrical experience, and members of the company include men and women, gay and straight, and all ethnic backgrounds. They include both people who contracted the virus through unprotected sex and recovering intravenous drug users.
All of the actors in ATP productions are HIV-positive, and volunteers include both those infected and affected by the virus. Paid staff include Freedman, the company's half-time managing director, and a part-time resident director who runs rehearsals. The Project is currently looking for a new artistic director. There are also three part-time volunteers, and three high school student interns from Generation Safe at Montefiore Hospital are scheduled to join the group soon. Freedman estimates that there are about six active "veteran" actors in the company. In addition, another four actors have become less active with ATP as improved health has allowed them to take on other responsibilities, but they are available to fill in when one of the regulars is unable to perform. Six new members were added to the company at auditions in December and are now being trained.
The works performed by the AIDS Theatre Project are collaborative efforts based on the actual experiences of the company members. They are written collectively by company members and ATP's artistic director. These are constantly being updated as the epidemic changes and as new issues become apparent through either the experiences of new members or the questions asked by the young people attending performances. The actors do not always portray themselves in the plays, taking on instead the roles of other company members or of composite characters that exemplify common issues.
Three core pieces make up the base of ATP's repertory. This AIDS Thing, described above, is the Project's standard piece and features four individuals telling about their own experiences and feelings as PWAs. The Waiting Room is aimed specifically at adolescents and is set in the waiting room of a health clinic. An adolescent woman is waiting for a pregnancy test, while two adult women are there to be tested for HIV. The women begin to talk, and the older women tell of their experiences and why they think they may have been exposed to the virus. Gradually, the younger woman realizes that the same unsafe sex that may have resulted in pregnancy could also have put her at risk for HIV. She decides to have an HIV test. The story very closely parallels the experience of a young company member who tested positive in her teens. The older women's stories contain elements of Lisa Freedman's experience and those of company member Wilma Rivera, who died last year, and of Kathy, the actress who portrays Rita Brown in This AIDS Thing (see below). Moment to Moment is something of a concert piece, including poetry, storytelling, and song exploring the intricacies of living with AIDS.
The Project also conducts writing workshops, which will resume within the next few months, and has other projects on the drawing boards. The high school student intern will be working on What'd You Get?, set in a high school cafeteria, which is currently being workshopped on its way to becoming a play. A small grant from the Manhattan Cultural Arts Fund of the Lower Manhattan Cultural Council has been added to ATP's Wilma Rivera Memorial Fund for bilingual and Spanish productions. Esta Cosa del SIDA -- This AIDS Thing in Spanish -- is set to premiere in March. A group of five HIV-negative people have expressed an interest in working with the Project on a piece exploring the impact of HIV on individuals who are affected by HIV but not infected.
The AudienceATP productions are aimed primarily at young people in high school and college. One of the groups of students at the Pace University performance of This AIDS Thing was a class of New York City fifth graders. While it is unusual for ATP to perform for children this young, the class was included at the request of the teacher, who felt that the students had had enough classroom-type information to enable them to receive the more personal message of the play. This AIDS Thing is soon to be performed at the Center for Community Alternatives, a program that serves children at risk of trouble with the law. The Project is New York-based, but is willing to go anywhere to get the prevention message to young people. It performs in both the inner city and the more affluent suburbs, and has traveled as far away as Indiana and Georgia.
The underlying philosophy is that it's never too early for children to begin learning how to protect themselves, and the Project places great emphasis on presenting the information in age-appropriate ways. The focus is on getting the information to kids in a way kids understand. Older children in particular may be self-conscious and as a result self-censoring, and ATP participants are careful to protect children's feelings. Cast members are trained to try to elicit the right questions from audiences of different ages and levels of knowledge, and may turn the tables and ask questions of the audience.
Finance and PublicityLike many AIDS-related programs, ATP faces the problem of raising the money to stay in business and do its job. In addition to performance fees and a few small grants from the likes of the North Star Fund, Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS, and some pharmaceutical companies, ATP sponsors an Open Mike Night approximately every two months.
The Open Mike Night is something of a hybrid, doubling as a fundraiser and a vehicle for getting the organization's name known. It is held in the lower level of CB's Gallery, a somewhat quieter adjunct of the rock club CBGB on Manhattan's Lower East Side. The space is a long, comfortable room somewhat reminiscent of the poetry-and-folk-music venues of a generation or two ago, but with better acoustics and without the haze of blue smoke. The Gallery donates the space in exchange for proceeds from the bar, and the audience is asked to make a donation to ATP. Performance is open to everyone, regardless of HIV status. Participants have the choice of whether to give any autobiographical information before they perform, and of whether to mention their HIV status. A recent Open Mike Night featured poetry reading and singing by both regular participants and newcomers before an overwhelmingly supportive audience.
As this article goes to press, ATP is facing something of a logistical crisis. Now, however, that facility is being renovated, and health concerns resulting from the construction work have mandated that everyone be moved out of the facility. At this writing, ATP isn't sure just where it's going to be by the time you receive this magazine.
It is sure, however, that it will survive, however in temporary quarters. Anyone wanting to audition or volunteer for the company, to book a performance, or simply to get information about performances or Open Mike night or be added to the mailing list, should call the ATP Info Line at (212) 802-7736. You can also visit ATP's website at aidstheatreproject.org or e-mail the Project at email@example.com.
Late Breaking (Good) News: As this issue was going to press, ATP announced the appointment of J. Drew Picard, founder and director of the Barrier-Free Theatre Company, as artistic director. ATP was also entering the final stage of negotiations to sublet office space from the non-profit HIV education organization Mothers' Voices, located in the theatre district.
Back to the April 2001 Issue of Body Positive Magazine.
This article was provided by Body Positive. It is a part of the publication Body Positive.


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lilsam28 needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 46 designs submitted by 14 freelance designers.
This is a very simple project design to help me in developing a logo for my website.
sam sawyer finds houses.
I need a logo design bearing the words "sam sawyer finds houses" . I would like a raised button type design with a very clean/cool finish. I would like the words "sam sawyer finds houses." to raise off the button design in white letters. I would like the font to be in Consolas TYPE FONT. The background on the button design should be a brighter blue - not neon but somewhere between navy and sky blue.
- sam sawyer finds houses. in all lower case letters
- sam sawyer finds houses in white CONSOLAS font
- the background to be a shade of blue between navy and sky blue
- Item 1...capital letters
- unnecessary items
- any other colors besides white and blue
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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SURREY – British Columbians are invited to nominate places of historic significance to South Asian Canadians for recognition.
Minister of Technology, Innovation and Citizens' Services Amrik Virk made the announcement Friday with representatives from the Royal BC Museum, and Centre for Indo Canadian Studies at the University of the Fraser Valley.
South Asian Canadians have ancestral connections to India, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, the Maldives and Sri Lanka.
The Link
Written by Rahat Kurd
Canadian Iranian Professor Homa Hoodfar teaches in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Concordia University. She has been in the notorious Evin prison in Iran for over three months without charge supposedly under investigation for "dabbling in feminism and security matters". Her students and fellow academics, as well as friends and human rights activists have been rallying to see her set free. To learn more about Hoodfar's situation and how you can help, please visit the website Free Homa here
Vancouver writer and poet Rahat Kurd recounts her experience of working for Professor Homa Hoodfar as a young assistant in the Ottawa academic feminist community in the early 1990s.
Muslim Link
Written by Nera Crncevic
Muslim Link received a message from a Bosnian Canadian reminding us that July 11 marks the 21st anniversary of the Srebrenica massacre, when over 8,000 Bosnian Muslims, mostly men and boys, were killed in and around the town of Srebrenica during the Bosnian War. In 2004, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia determined that the massacre was a genocide, a ruling that was upheld by the International Court of Justice in 2007.
Muslim Link
Commentary by Justin Kong in Toronto
On June 22, members of the Chinese-Canadian community and allies gathered at Toronto City Hall to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the Canadian government's redress of the Chinese Head Tax and the 1923 Exclusion Act, legislations which had been used to prohibit Chinese immigration to Canada.
The mobilization for redress against these racist laws represented an important moment in Canadian history where a combination of Chinese community organization and political advocacy was able to secure a redress and apology from the federal government.
In other ways however, the redress remains incomplete. Most immediately, families of many Head Tax survivors have noted that their calls for an inclusive redress along the lines of "one certificate one claim" have gone unheeded.
As a consequence, only 1% of the 82,000 families directly affected by the Head Tax have been able to actually receive claims.
Redress is also incomplete in the sense the injustices faced by early Chinese and Asian migrants continue to prevail in today's Canada.
Continued practice of economic exploitation of migrants
To recognize this failure is to understand that Chinese exclusion is not an isolated incident in Canadian history. It is a much longer and enduring practice in Canada where migrant labour is coveted, but the humanity and rights of those who provide that labour, denied.
The Chinese railroad worker, who has become etched into the national imaginary, exemplifies this practice. Conducting the most dangerous tasks that no white man was willing to do for the most meagre of wages, Chinese migrants built the railroad that brought the Canadian nation from conception to reality.
While the bodies of these migrant workers (estimates ranging from 600–1200) lined the railroad, Chinese migrants would continue to be denied citizenship.
Today, the exploitative relationship that constituted the experience of the Chinese railroad worker continues under new forms. Migrant workers now come to Canada from all over the world: Central America, the Caribbean and Asia.
These migrant workers are often bound to their employers, work in dangerous conditions, and denied protections and health care and — like the Chinese and Asian migrants of the past — denied status.
A commemoration of the legacy of the Head Tax and Exclusion Act must also be a commitment to standing with those that have followed in their footsteps: today's migrant workers. This means supporting their call for protections, and pivotally, their demand for status on arrival.
Head Tax history in immigrant communities
Asian exclusion and Head Tax were the legislative manifestation of a prevailing climate of racism, violence and economic exploitation, conditions which first confined Chinese migrants into Canada's very first Chinatowns.
Segregation created a disconnect between early migrant communities and the mainstream, with profound effects and enduring consequences for immigrant workers that persist to this day.
Nowhere is this more visible today than in the issue of labour law enforcement.
The findings of a recent report by the Metro Toronto Chinese and Southeast Asian Legal Clinic, which surveyed Chinese restaurant workers in Toronto, provides us with a glimpse of just how irrelevant labour laws (such as minimum wage and overtime) can often be for immigrant workers.
Such abject conditions are part and parcel, the legacy of Head Tax and Asian Exclusion.
Addressing the plight of immigrant workers means getting behind mobilizations such as The Fight for $15 and Fairness, which call for proactive enforcement, laws that protect workers, and a system that allows already marginalized immigrant workers to make employment violation claims.
Mobilizing upon the legacy of Head Tax and Asian exclusion
To commemorate the legacy of Head Tax, we must address the unmet demands of the families of Head Tax survivors, but also the struggles of the migrant farmworker, the Chinese restaurant worker, the Filipina careworker and the Tamil grocery store worker of today's Canada.
This also means making a commitment to fight against the injustice faced by today's immigrant and migrant workers.
Organized labour in Canada, which was actually a key advocate of Asian exclusion, must not repeat the mistakes of the past; it must stand with migrant workers. Among other things this means making cross racial solidarity and anti-racism a core component of the labour movement. Such a direction represents the only path forward for a powerful labour movement in the 21st century.
When we connect the struggles of migrants past with the continued struggles of migrants and immigrants today, we break free of the isolation and insularity produced by a class-unconscious multiculturalism. In turn, we move towards a future of economic and racial justice for all.
Until this is achieved however we must tell Mr. Harper and all Canadians who believe these laws are part of the past, that there can be no 'turning of the page' on this chapter of Canada's history.
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What does it mean to be Canadian – well Canadian Club invited a select group of Canadians that included LINK editor R. Paul Dhillon, Paediatrician Dr. Pargat Singh Bhurji, businessman Dave Mann, Canadian Club president Raymond Grenwood and broadcaster Sonia Sonia Andhi, who moderated the discussion on being Canadian. The panel was organized at the [...]
The Link
by Danica Samuel in Toronto
When Sheema Khan told audience members at the Aga Khan Museum that the men sitting at one of her last lectures refused to face her, the entire room cringed.
Khan, a Globe & Mail columnist, author and women's activist, says that she became a activist and feminist because of the Muslim community and this kind of behaviour.
For Aga Khan's lecture series "Islam in the 21st Century," Khan spoke on the challenges and opportunities of being a woman, muslim and Canadian.
Known for her fiery columns and controversial discussions on the perception of women in the Islamic community, Khan centred her talk around her latest book "Of Hockey and Hijab: New Reflections."
Dr. Ruba Kana'an, head of Education and Scholarly Programs at Aga Khan, organized the event that had 250 audience members in attendance.
The topic was chosen amongst many that the Aga Khan visiting survey uncovered, but Kana'an said such a controversial topic was sure to pique the interest of many people within and outside of the Muslim community.
"The issues of women, gender [equality] and the perception of women [are] questions we always ask," says Kana'an. "It's important to address these issues especially with how much misconception and misunderstanding there is between patriarchy and religion. It's a topic to bring to the public."
Muslim women's unhappiness in Canada
The highlights of Khan's lecture related to the statistics that started off her talk, which she used to discuss how unhappy and targeted Muslim-Canadian women felt.
In the Environics Survey 2016, 42 per cent of Muslim women said they felt discriminated against. Of that percentage, 60 per cent wore a head covering and 40 per cent did not. Compare this to Muslim men, of whom only 27 per cent said they experienced discrimination.
Khan says this treatment leads Muslim women in Canada to be unhappy and concerned.
"More Muslim women than men worry about how Canadians view Muslims. They are far more pessimistic than men are," she says. "They worry about how Muslims are portrayed in the media, stereotyping their neighbours and wondering if the the next generation will face more difficulties than they do. "
One of the members of the audience, Judy Csillag, who has been doing interfaith and intercultural work for over 35 years, says that these worries could stem from the fact that mothers and women see how prejudice affects their children more than the men.
"Khan spoke a lot about how women don't go to the mosque as much as men do. They are usually at home with the kids and involved in their children's life," Csillag says.
To the contrary, Khan says part of the reason why Muslim men are happier is because they aren't seen as inferior in Islamic society.
Experiences drive desire for change
Khan recalled a few experiences in her lifetime where she felt that men refused to acknowledge her as a scholar and speaker.
One circumstance, Khan recalls, happened in 1996 in Quebec. She was preparing to speak at a Unity Dinner — a function put together by the Islamic community to address inequality in their community — when she heard that the more Conservative mosque had rejected the idea of having her speak.
They didn't think a women should speak in public, she explains.
"One of my muslim colleagues said, 'Sheema don't take it personally, it's not you they're against, it's just women in general,'" Khan repeats, laughing with the audience.
She says that the views that conservative Muslim men have of women stems from their ignorance of the roles of women during the prophetic era.
"There was one scholar, the late Abduhalim Abu Shaqqa: he was a member of the Muslim Brotherhood. He [performed] very valuable research on Islamic women, which unfortunately is ignored in the Muslim world," Khan explains.
"It took him ten years, but he looked at every single verse and narration that had to deal with women and, in conclusion, he found that the way women participated in society during the best era and generation is very different from what we see today in the Muslim world."
The importance of women in the conversation
Kana'an says that hearing these stories is important for young immigrants looking to locate their experiences within a Canadian context.
"One of the things that we are noticing [. . .] is that there is a happiness in the awareness of students, that they gain a sense that they matter, their history matters and that there is a worthwhile contribution they've made to the world at large," she explains.
Csillag agrees, saying that as a refugee from Hungary, it was hard for her to settle in Canada.
"[How] pleased my heart is that women are starting to take the stage, and Aga Khan has been a godsend for women speaking as equals," she comments. "What was fantastic is that so much of the audience is not Muslim, so people are reaching out and wanting to learn."
For Csillag and Khan both, educating the younger generation is of utmost importance in order to fight radicalization and misconceptions.
"Being treated as an inferior human being is something no one should go through" says Khan. "I decided that I had to fight back. And by pushing back that's how I gained my self respect. I've created a lot of controversy in my community, and I don't mind because I'm thinking of the next generation."
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by Danica Samuel in Toronto
"Just because you've fallen off ship doesn't mean you're drowning."
In the film My Internship in Canada, the person struggling to stay afloat is the politician who fails to please everyone. Oscar-nominated director Philippe Falardeau's film is a satirical, yet eye-opening, take on Canadian politics that showcases just how non-democratic our government can be.
For National Canadian Film Day on April 20, charitable organization Samara Canada collaborated with the Regent Park Film Festival to fill a Cineplex movie theatre in downtown Toronto for Falardeau's political comedy.
The film is based on the journey of a young Haitian man, Souverain Pascal, played by Irdens Exantus, who greatly admires Canadian politics and culture. He gets a response to his 15-page application and secures an internship with a Northern Quebec member of Parliament (MP).
Steve Guibord, played by Patrick Huard, is the independent MP for Prescott-Makadew à Rapides-aux-Outardes and unwillingly finds himself in the awkward position of holding the decisive vote on whether Canada will go to war.
Guibord travels across his riding to consult constituents with his wife, daughter and Pascal. The story escalates when groups of lobbyists get involved in a debate that spins out of control. In the end, Guibord is tugged and pulled in various directions and must face his own conscience to make a decision that could affect the entire country.
Making politics accessible
Newcomers to Canada and members of the Toronto communities of North York and Lotherton were among those who attended.
"We thought it was a great opportunity to provide a little bit of education behind Canada's political system, in a fun way," said Madison Van West, coordinator of the Democracy Talks program at North York Community House (NYCH). She worked with her colleagues to bring 75 people to the screening from NYCH, which provides civic engagement and community development services to newcomers.
"Sometimes politics isn't the most accessible topic, but a movie screening is a great way to bring everyone together and learn more."
In the film, Guibord tries to initiate democracy by inviting members of his community to a town hall. Unfortunately, opposing viewpoints cause tension rather than a conversation that leads to a collaborative decision. The scene shows just how messy democracy can be.
NYCH program manager Zesta Kim said she understands and has witnessed the hardships politicians face in her community when having to weigh several interests to create an all-inclusive environment.
"We've seen them try to create platforms and implement mechanisms to be open and democratic, but in doing that, anyone can speak and say anything," she explains. "So, sometimes it doesn't turn out too well."
Falsification of equality
In the film, Guibord has trouble balancing the interests of his wife, daughter, protesters, the mayor, and the prime minister. He can only rely on Pascal to help find a middle ground that stays true to Canadian culture and democracy.
In a panel discussion held after the screening, emerging filmmaker Amita Zamaan said these competing special interests are what disappoint and deter people from engaging in Canadian politics.
She added that the disengagement is due to the lack of representation and the falsification of equality in our government.
Through her web series, Dhaliwal15, Zamaan, like Falardeau, approaches politics through satire when examining the lack of diversity in Canadian politics.
"We haven't seen a representation of minorities in politics and in Parliament," she said. "I'm trying to address that issue by placing this fictional character (Bobby Dhaliwal, played by Jasmeet Singh) in my film, but also addressing how limited our discussions in Canada are on progressive issues."
Explaining voter apathy
Another panel member, Algoma-Manitoulin member of provincial Parliament (MPP), Michael Mantha, said the problem is deeper than just having an open platform to discuss. He said there is a lack of interest from community members.
"I've being trying to engage with people throughout my riding, to try and get a pulse on what needs to be discussed for better engagement," Mantha said.
"Going off the numbers in my area, last election there was a 51 per cent voter turnout. People have look at politicians, their decisions, and their actions and think, 'Why am I going to get involved if they're not listening to me?'" he added.
Mantha, who was elected in 2011, has served two consecutive terms as MPP and said while he loves all aspects of his riding, from its environment to its citizens, he is well aware of the tactics that are often involved in getting politicians to make certain decisions.
"Individuals are put into difficult positions, but again it comes down to that person's principles and being responsible to the people that put you into that position," he said. "However you make your decision, you will have to put your head on your pillow and live with your conscience."
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by Shenaz Kermalli in Toronto
Hossein is a 10-year-old Iraqi orphan with long hair, big olive-coloured eyes and a shy smile. He loves going to school and playing soccer. He also loves visiting his Canadian dentist for annual check-ups.
Hossein's dentist is one of 51 volunteers who fly into Iraq every spring to provide free dental care.
Armed with colouring books, games and iPads – to entertain the children while they wait for their turn – the dentists come fully equipped to carry out everything from oral health instruction to preventative care, including fissure sealants, extractions and stainless steel crowns.
Toronto dentist Jaffer Kermalli* has been treating Hossein for several years. "His long hair hides scars from a bomb blast he was in," Kermalli shares. "He came back to us [this year] and specifically wanted us to fix a broken front tooth and take away the pain from another tooth in his mouth."
Kermalli recently went on his fifth trip to Iraq with Global Kindness Foundation (GKF), a Vancouver-based charitable organization that takes two trips every year to provide medical, dental and optical services to countries in need due to war and poverty.
A passion project
In 2015, GKF took its dental mission to Iraq and Kenya. In the past, the organization (members pictured) also travelled to Peru, India and Tanzania.
The 33-year-old dentist calls it his "passion project."
"I plan my year around the GKF trips, and over the years have become more active in helping organize supplies and train volunteers. It gives me focus throughout the year, and is my 'reset,'" he says. "To see the state of these children and how much they struggle; it puts all my first-world problems into perspective."
The children they treat are generally thrilled to see them – notwithstanding the usual anxiety that comes with dental visits.
For many, it means the first time ever sitting in a dentist's chair, or holding a toothbrush. The lack of basic awareness is a direct outcome of living in both a war-torn country and refugee camps, where dental care is scarce or not available at all.
Many non-dental volunteers have also joined the group, along with several opticians and physicians. The non-medical volunteers are assigned roles like screening the children in the waiting areas, occupying the children while they wait for their appointment and assisting the dentists.
Shahina Rahim, an IT executive at the Royal Bank of Canada in Toronto, joined GKF for a second time this year.
"I wanted to make a small difference to the lives of the children," she says. "I couldn't stop thinking about them and wanted to come back and help."
This time, though, she took a few Arabic classes in Toronto before leaving in order to help overcome the language barrier.
Meeting many needs
Additional medical and optical camps were also set up, seeing more than 1,000 children over two weeks. Many were referred to specialists.
"One child had a case of congenital heart defect which had gone untreated and required surgery," recalls Vancouver dentist and GKF founder, Dr. Hasnain Dewji (pictured).
"There were also some cases of severe psychiatric conditions, so a referral to a local psychiatrist was arranged. Two other boys needed growth-hormone therapy. We are trying to determine the cost of therapy and see if we can raise the funds needed."
The two opticians in the group also flew in from Vancouver, and determined that at least 60 of the children they saw required corrective lenses. The charity arranged for the eyeglasses to be made in Tanzania and delivered for free to Iraq.
Kids are kids
The dental mission to Iraq started on March 19 and ended April 1. GKF is already recruiting its next set of volunteers to travel to Bhavnagar, India, in December.
For Rahim, the hardest part of her trip to Iraq was witnessing the social remnants of war – the beggars, the children in wheelchairs and the sheer poverty.
"For many of the kids, you can see the poverty through hygiene, dirty or worn clothes, and shoes or sandals that don't fit them."
But none of that seemed to stop them from smiling, laughing and dreaming, she adds.
"My encounter with the kids has been a wonderful one. They have aspirations, optimism and hopes and dreams like all of us," she says.
"Kids are kids after all, no matter what part of the world they live in."
*Source is not related to the author.
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Toronto – The Bank of Montreal's CEO is defending the Canadian banking sector's anti-money laundering practices following reports linking a major Canadian financial institution to a Panamanian law firm at the centre of a data leak on the use of offshore tax havens.
Bill Downe says Canadian banks have "dramatically" beefed up their anti-money laundering controls over the last seven to 10 years at the request of various governments around the world.
"I would say that the current Bank Secrecy Act anti-money laundering provisions, particularly involving U.S. dollar accounts, are extremely robust," Downe said in an interview following the bank's annual shareholder meeting in Toronto on Tuesday.
Salam Toronto
A priest from the St. Joseph Chaldean Catholic Church in London, Ontario, is under investigation after telling his bishop he lost more than $500,000, intended to...
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-- Canada's economic development minister Navdeep Bains at a Public Policy Forum economic summit


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kvigsbo needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 78 designs submitted by 25 freelance designers.
We need a logo for our new online application; a program for personal trainers and their clients.
Personal Training Manager
We need the logo to include a black (or green with white outline) kettlebell and the words "Personal Training Manager". Place icon (kettlebell) on the left, followed with the text. The logo needs to be horizontal only. Visit http://www.personaltrainingmanager.com to view the existing design and current "logo".
- Black/green kettlebell on the left
- Text to the right (after the kettlebell)
- Only use black, green and gray colors (a must!)
- We are looking for a typical "web 2.0" type design
- Small mirror effect under logo would be nice
- Simple and elegant - not too fancy
- Your ideas are welcome!
- Don't use all capital letters
- The icon placed over or below the text
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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LANSING, Mich. (AP) — Democratic Rep. Sander Levin of Michigan, who has served in Congress for nearly 35 years, will not seek re-election to a 19th term.
He plans to make the retirement announcement Sunday, including at his annual holiday party in the Detroit suburb of Royal Oak, according to three Democrats who spoke to The Associated Press on the condition of anonymity to discuss private talks. The AP sent emails to Levin aides seeking comment.
The 86-year-old Levin has sat on the powerful House Ways and Means Committee for almost 30 years. He was the top Democrat on the panel from 2010 through 2016 and was chairman during the passage of the federal health care law.
Levin, of Royal Oak, has represented varying parts of suburban Detroit since the early 1980s. As a member of the Ways and Means Committee, he has been involved in tax, trade, entitlement spending and unemployment compensation policies over his career.
His brother Carl was a longtime U.S. senator, and they are the longest-serving sibling duo in congressional history.
Michigan's 9th Congressional District is a Democratic-leaning seat in Oakland and Macomb counties. Levin's son, Andy — who worked in former Gov. Jennifer Granholm's administration and recently considered running for governor before deciding against it — is seen as a likely candidate to run, hinting in a recent newspaper op-ed that he would focus on "building the movement for economic and social justice closer to home." Another potential Democratic candidate is state Sen. Steve Bieda.
Before joining Congress, Sander Levin was the assistant administrator in the U.S. Agency for International Development. He was twice the Democratic nominee for governor in the 1970s and earlier was a state senator.
Levin is the second Michigan congressman to decide against seeking re-election, joining second-term Republican Rep. Dave Trott, who represents the neighboring 11th District in suburban Detroit.