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1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2 Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters.
3 And God said, "Let there be light," and there was light. 4 God saw that the light was good, and he separated the light from the darkness. 5 God called the light "day," and the darkness he called "night." And there was evening, and there was morning—the first day.
6 And God said, "Let there be a vault between the waters to separate water from water." 7 So God made the vault and separated the water under the vault from the water above it. And it was so. 8 God called the vault "sky." And there was evening, and there was morning—the second day.
9 And God said, "Let the water under the sky be gathered to one place, and let dry ground appear." And it was so. 10 God called the dry ground "land," and the gathered waters he called "seas." And God saw that it was good.
11 Then God said, "Let the land produce vegetation: seed-bearing plants and trees on the land that bear fruit with seed in it, according to their various kinds." And it was so. 12 The land produced vegetation: plants bearing seed according to their kinds and trees bearing fruit with seed in it according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening, and there was morning—the third day.
14 And God said, "Let there be lights in the vault of the sky to separate the day from the night, and let them serve as signs to mark sacred times, and days and years, 15 and let them be lights in the vault of the sky to give light on the earth." And it was so. 16 God made two great lights—the greater light to govern the day and the lesser light to govern the night. He also made the stars. 17 God set them in the vault of the sky to give light on the earth, 18 to govern the day and the night, and to separate light from darkness. And God saw that it was good. 19 And there was evening, and there was morning—the fourth day.
20 And God said, "Let the water teem with living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across the vault of the sky." 21 So God created the great creatures of the sea and every living thing with which the water teems and that moves about in it, according to their kinds, and every winged bird according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. 22 God blessed them and said, "Be fruitful and increase in number and fill the water in the seas, and let the birds increase on the earth." 23 And there was evening, and there was morning—the fifth day.
24 And God said, "Let the land produce living creatures according to their kinds: the livestock, the creatures that move along the ground, and the wild animals, each according to its kind." And it was so. 25 God made the wild animals according to their kinds, the livestock according to their kinds, and all the creatures that move along the ground according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good.
26 Then God said, "Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness, so that they may rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky, over the livestock and all the wild animals,[a] and over all the creatures that move along the ground."
27 So God created mankind in his own image,
in the image of God he created them;
male and female he created them.
28 God blessed them and said to them, "Be fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky and over every living creature that moves on the ground."
29 Then God said, "I give you every seed-bearing plant on the face of the whole earth and every tree that has fruit with seed in it. They will be yours for food. 30 And to all the beasts of the earth and all the birds in the sky and all the creatures that move along the ground—everything that has the breath of life in it—I give every green plant for food." And it was so.
31 God saw all that he had made, and it was very good. And there was evening, and there was morning—the sixth day.
2 Thus the heavens and the earth were completed in all their vast array.
2 By the seventh day God had finished the work he had been doing; so on the seventh day he rested from all his work. 3 Then God blessed the seventh day and made it holy, because on it he rested from all the work of creating that he had done.
4 This is the account of the heavens and the earth when they were created, when the Lord God made the earth and the heavens.
5 Now no shrub had yet appeared on the earth[b] and no plant had yet sprung up, for the Lord God had not sent rain on the earth and there was no one to work the ground, 6 but streams[c] came up from the earth and watered the whole surface of the ground. 7 Then the Lord God formed a man[d] from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being.
8 Now the Lord God had planted a garden in the east, in Eden; and there he put the man he had formed. 9 The Lord God made all kinds of trees grow out of the ground—trees that were pleasing to the eye and good for food. In the middle of the garden were the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.
10 A river watering the garden flowed from Eden; from there it was separated into four headwaters. 11 The name of the first is the Pishon; it winds through the entire land of Havilah, where there is gold. 12 (The gold of that land is good; aromatic resin[e] and onyx are also there.) 13 The name of the second river is the Gihon; it winds through the entire land of Cush.[f] 14 The name of the third river is the Tigris; it runs along the east side of Ashur. And the fourth river is the Euphrates.
15 The Lord God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it. 16 And the Lord God commanded the man, "You are free to eat from any tree in the garden; 17 but you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for when you eat from it you will certainly die."
18 The Lord God said, "It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make a helper suitable for him."
19 Now the Lord God had formed out of the ground all the wild animals and all the birds in the sky. He brought them to the man to see what he would name them; and whatever the man called each living creature, that was its name. 20 So the man gave names to all the livestock, the birds in the sky and all the wild animals.
But for Adam[g] no suitable helper was found. 21 So the Lord God caused the man to fall into a deep sleep; and while he was sleeping, he took one of the man's ribs[h] and then closed up the place with flesh. 22 Then the Lord God made a woman from the rib[i] he had taken out of the man, and he brought her to the man.
23 The man said,
"This is now bone of my bones
and flesh of my flesh;
she shall be called 'woman,'
for she was taken out of man."
24 That is why a man leaves his father and mother and is united to his wife, and they become one flesh.
25 Adam and his wife were both naked, and they felt no shame.
3 Now the serpent was more crafty than any of the wild animals the Lord God had made. He said to the woman, "Did God really say, 'You must not eat from any tree in the garden'?"
2 The woman said to the serpent, "We may eat fruit from the trees in the garden, 3 but God did say, 'You must not eat fruit from the tree that is in the middle of the garden, and you must not touch it, or you will die.'"
4 "You will not certainly die," the serpent said to the woman. 5 "For God knows that when you eat from it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil."
6 When the woman saw that the fruit of the tree was good for food and pleasing to the eye, and also desirable for gaining wisdom, she took some and ate it. She also gave some to her husband, who was with her, and he ate it. 7 Then the eyes of both of them were opened, and they realized they were naked; so they sewed fig leaves together and made coverings for themselves.
8 Then the man and his wife heard the sound of the Lord God as he was walking in the garden in the cool of the day, and they hid from the Lord God among the trees of the garden. 9 But the Lord God called to the man, "Where are you?"
10 He answered, "I heard you in the garden, and I was afraid because I was naked; so I hid."
11 And he said, "Who told you that you were naked? Have you eaten from the tree that I commanded you not to eat from?"
12 The man said, "The woman you put here with me—she gave me some fruit from the tree, and I ate it."
13 Then the Lord God said to the woman, "What is this you have done?"
The woman said, "The serpent deceived me, and I ate."
14 So the Lord God said to the serpent, "Because you have done this,
"Cursed are you above all livestock
and all wild animals!
You will crawl on your belly
and you will eat dust
all the days of your life.
15 And I will put enmity
between you and the woman,
and between your offspring[j] and hers;
he will crush[k] your head,
and you will strike his heel."
16 To the woman he said,
"I will make your pains in childbearing very severe;
with painful labor you will give birth to children.
Your desire will be for your husband,
and he will rule over you."
17 To Adam he said, "Because you listened to your wife and ate fruit from the tree about which I commanded you, 'You must not eat from it,'
"Cursed is the ground because of you;
through painful toil you will eat food from it
all the days of your life.
18 It will produce thorns and thistles for you,
and you will eat the plants of the field.
19 By the sweat of your brow
you will eat your food
until you return to the ground,
since from it you were taken;
for dust you are
and to dust you will return."
20 Adam[l] named his wife Eve,[m] because she would become the mother of all the living.
21 The Lord God made garments of skin for Adam and his wife and clothed them. 22 And the Lord God said, "The man has now become like one of us, knowing good and evil. He must not be allowed to reach out his hand and take also from the tree of life and eat, and live forever." 23 So the Lord God banished him from the Garden of Eden to work the ground from which he had been taken. 24 After he drove the man out, he placed on the east side[n] of the Garden of Eden cherubim and a flaming sword flashing back and forth to guard the way to the tree of life.
4 Adam[o] made love to his wife Eve, and she became pregnant and gave birth to Cain.[p] She said, "With the help of the Lord I have brought forth[q] a man." 2 Later she gave birth to his brother Abel.
Now Abel kept flocks, and Cain worked the soil. 3 In the course of time Cain brought some of the fruits of the soil as an offering to the Lord. 4 And Abel also brought an offering—fat portions from some of the firstborn of his flock. The Lord looked with favor on Abel and his offering, 5 but on Cain and his offering he did not look with favor. So Cain was very angry, and his face was downcast.
6 Then the Lord said to Cain, "Why are you angry? Why is your face downcast? 7 If you do what is right, will you not be accepted? But if you do not do what is right, sin is crouching at your door; it desires to have you, but you must rule over it."
8 Now Cain said to his brother Abel, "Let's go out to the field."[r] While they were in the field, Cain attacked his brother Abel and killed him.
9 Then the Lord said to Cain, "Where is your brother Abel?"
"I don't know," he replied. "Am I my brother's keeper?"
10 The Lord said, "What have you done? Listen! Your brother's blood cries out to me from the ground. 11 Now you are under a curse and driven from the ground, which opened its mouth to receive your brother's blood from your hand. 12 When you work the ground, it will no longer yield its crops for you. You will be a restless wanderer on the earth."
13 Cain said to the Lord, "My punishment is more than I can bear. 14 Today you are driving me from the land, and I will be hidden from your presence; I will be a restless wanderer on the earth, and whoever finds me will kill me."
15 But the Lord said to him, "Not so[s]; anyone who kills Cain will suffer vengeance seven times over." Then the Lord put a mark on Cain so that no one who found him would kill him. 16 So Cain went out from the Lord's presence and lived in the land of Nod,[t] east of Eden.
17 Cain made love to his wife, and she became pregnant and gave birth to Enoch. Cain was then building a city, and he named it after his son Enoch. 18 To Enoch was born Irad, and Irad was the father of Mehujael, and Mehujael was the father of Methushael, and Methushael was the father of Lamech.
19 Lamech married two women, one named Adah and the other Zillah. 20 Adah gave birth to Jabal; he was the father of those who live in tents and raise livestock. 21 His brother's name was Jubal; he was the father of all who play stringed instruments and pipes. 22 Zillah also had a son, Tubal-Cain, who forged all kinds of tools out of[u] bronze and iron. Tubal-Cain's sister was Naamah.
23 Lamech said to his wives,
"Adah and Zillah, listen to me;
wives of Lamech, hear my words.
I have killed a man for wounding me,
a young man for injuring me.
24 If Cain is avenged seven times,
then Lamech seventy-seven times."
25 Adam made love to his wife again, and she gave birth to a son and named him Seth,[v] saying, "God has granted me another child in place of Abel, since Cain killed him." 26 Seth also had a son, and he named him Enosh.
At that time people began to call on[w] the name of the Lord.
5 This is the written account of Adam's family line.
When God created mankind, he made them in the likeness of God. 2 He created them male and female and blessed them. And he named them "Mankind"[x] when they were created.
3 When Adam had lived 130 years, he had a son in his own likeness, in his own image; and he named him Seth. 4 After Seth was born, Adam lived 800 years and had other sons and daughters. 5 Altogether, Adam lived a total of 930 years, and then he died.
6 When Seth had lived 105 years, he became the father[y] of Enosh. 7 After he became the father of Enosh, Seth lived 807 years and had other sons and daughters. 8 Altogether, Seth lived a total of 912 years, and then he died.
9 When Enosh had lived 90 years, he became the father of Kenan. 10 After he became the father of Kenan, Enosh lived 815 years and had other sons and daughters. 11 Altogether, Enosh lived a total of 905 years, and then he died.
12 When Kenan had lived 70 years, he became the father of Mahalalel. 13 After he became the father of Mahalalel, Kenan lived 840 years and had other sons and daughters. 14 Altogether, Kenan lived a total of 910 years, and then he died.
15 When Mahalalel had lived 65 years, he became the father of Jared. 16 After he became the father of Jared, Mahalalel lived 830 years and had other sons and daughters. 17 Altogether, Mahalalel lived a total of 895 years, and then he died.
18 When Jared had lived 162 years, he became the father of Enoch. 19 After he became the father of Enoch, Jared lived 800 years and had other sons and daughters. 20 Altogether, Jared lived a total of 962 years, and then he died.
21 When Enoch had lived 65 years, he became the father of Methuselah. 22 After he became the father of Methuselah, Enoch walked faithfully with God 300 years and had other sons and daughters. 23 Altogether, Enoch lived a total of 365 years. 24 Enoch walked faithfully with God; then he was no more, because God took him away.
25 When Methuselah had lived 187 years, he became the father of Lamech. 26 After he became the father of Lamech, Methuselah lived 782 years and had other sons and daughters. 27 Altogether, Methuselah lived a total of 969 years, and then he died.
28 When Lamech had lived 182 years, he had a son. 29 He named him Noah[z] and said, "He will comfort us in the labor and painful toil of our hands caused by the ground the Lord has cursed." 30 After Noah was born, Lamech lived 595 years and had other sons and daughters. 31 Altogether, Lamech lived a total of 777 years, and then he died.
32 After Noah was 500 years old, he became the father of Shem, Ham and Japheth.
6 When human beings began to increase in number on the earth and daughters were born to them, 2 the sons of God saw that the daughters of humans were beautiful, and they married any of them they chose. 3 Then the Lord said, "My Spirit will not contend with[aa] humans forever, for they are mortal[ab]; their days will be a hundred and twenty years."
4 The Nephilim were on the earth in those days—and also afterward—when the sons of God went to the daughters of humans and had children by them. They were the heroes of old, men of renown.
5 The Lord saw how great the wickedness of the human race had become on the earth, and that every inclination of the thoughts of the human heart was only evil all the time. 6 The Lord regretted that he had made human beings on the earth, and his heart was deeply troubled. 7 So the Lord said, "I will wipe from the face of the earth the human race I have created—and with them the animals, the birds and the creatures that move along the ground—for I regret that I have made them." 8 But Noah found favor in the eyes of the Lord.
9 This is the account of Noah and his family.
Noah was a righteous man, blameless among the people of his time, and he walked faithfully with God. 10 Noah had three sons: Shem, Ham and Japheth.
11 Now the earth was corrupt in God's sight and was full of violence. 12 God saw how corrupt the earth had become, for all the people on earth had corrupted their ways. 13 So God said to Noah, "I am going to put an end to all people, for the earth is filled with violence because of them. I am surely going to destroy both them and the earth. 14 So make yourself an ark of cypress[ac] wood; make rooms in it and coat it with pitch inside and out. 15 This is how you are to build it: The ark is to be three hundred cubits long, fifty cubits wide and thirty cubits high.[ad] 16 Make a roof for it, leaving below the roof an opening one cubit[ae] high all around.[af] Put a door in the side of the ark and make lower, middle and upper decks. 17 I am going to bring floodwaters on the earth to destroy all life under the heavens, every creature that has the breath of life in it. Everything on earth will perish. 18 But I will establish my covenant with you, and you will enter the ark—you and your sons and your wife and your sons' wives with you. 19 You are to bring into the ark two of all living creatures, male and female, to keep them alive with you. 20 Two of every kind of bird, of every kind of animal and of every kind of creature that moves along the ground will come to you to be kept alive. 21 You are to take every kind of food that is to be eaten and store it away as food for you and for them."
22 Noah did everything just as God commanded him.
7 The Lord then said to Noah, "Go into the ark, you and your whole family, because I have found you righteous in this generation. 2 Take with you seven pairs of every kind of clean animal, a male and its mate, and one pair of every kind of unclean animal, a male and its mate, 3 and also seven pairs of every kind of bird, male and female, to keep their various kinds alive throughout the earth. 4 Seven days from now I will send rain on the earth for forty days and forty nights, and I will wipe from the face of the earth every living creature I have made."
5 And Noah did all that the Lord commanded him.
6 Noah was six hundred years old when the floodwaters came on the earth. 7 And Noah and his sons and his wife and his sons' wives entered the ark to escape the waters of the flood. 8 Pairs of clean and unclean animals, of birds and of all creatures that move along the ground, 9 male and female, came to Noah and entered the ark, as God had commanded Noah. 10 And after the seven days the floodwaters came on the earth.
11 In the six hundredth year of Noah's life, on the seventeenth day of the second month—on that day all the springs of the great deep burst forth, and the floodgates of the heavens were opened. 12 And rain fell on the earth forty days and forty nights.
13 On that very day Noah and his sons, Shem, Ham and Japheth, together with his wife and the wives of his three sons, entered the ark. 14 They had with them every wild animal according to its kind, all livestock according to their kinds, every creature that moves along the ground according to its kind and every bird according to its kind, everything with wings. 15 Pairs of all creatures that have the breath of life in them came to Noah and entered the ark. 16 The animals going in were male and female of every living thing, as God had commanded Noah. Then the Lord shut him in.
17 For forty days the flood kept coming on the earth, and as the waters increased they lifted the ark high above the earth. 18 The waters rose and increased greatly on the earth, and the ark floated on the surface of the water. 19 They rose greatly on the earth, and all the high mountains under the entire heavens were covered. 20 The waters rose and covered the mountains to a depth of more than fifteen cubits.[ag][ah] 21 Every living thing that moved on land perished—birds, livestock, wild animals, all the creatures that swarm over the earth, and all mankind. 22 Everything on dry land that had the breath of life in its nostrils died. 23 Every living thing on the face of the earth was wiped out; people and animals and the creatures that move along the ground and the birds were wiped from the earth. Only Noah was left, and those with him in the ark.
24 The waters flooded the earth for a hundred and fifty days.
8 But God remembered Noah and all the wild animals and the livestock that were with him in the ark, and he sent a wind over the earth, and the waters receded. 2 Now the springs of the deep and the floodgates of the heavens had been closed, and the rain had stopped falling from the sky. 3 The water receded steadily from the earth. At the end of the hundred and fifty days the water had gone down, 4 and on the seventeenth day of the seventh month the ark came to rest on the mountains of Ararat. 5 The waters continued to recede until the tenth month, and on the first day of the tenth month the tops of the mountains became visible.
6 After forty days Noah opened a window he had made in the ark 7 and sent out a raven, and it kept flying back and forth until the water had dried up from the earth. 8 Then he sent out a dove to see if the water had receded from the surface of the ground. 9 But the dove could find nowhere to perch because there was water over all the surface of the earth; so it returned to Noah in the ark. He reached out his hand and took the dove and brought it back to himself in the ark. 10 He waited seven more days and again sent out the dove from the ark. 11 When the dove returned to him in the evening, there in its beak was a freshly plucked olive leaf! Then Noah knew that the water had receded from the earth. 12 He waited seven more days and sent the dove out again, but this time it did not return to him.
13 By the first day of the first month of Noah's six hundred and first year, the water had dried up from the earth. Noah then removed the covering from the ark and saw that the surface of the ground was dry. 14 By the twenty-seventh day of the second month the earth was completely dry.
15 Then God said to Noah, 16 "Come out of the ark, you and your wife and your sons and their wives. 17 Bring out every kind of living creature that is with you—the birds, the animals, and all the creatures that move along the ground—so they can multiply on the earth and be fruitful and increase in number on it."
18 So Noah came out, together with his sons and his wife and his sons' wives. 19 All the animals and all the creatures that move along the ground and all the birds—everything that moves on land—came out of the ark, one kind after another.
20 Then Noah built an altar to the Lord and, taking some of all the clean animals and clean birds, he sacrificed burnt offerings on it. 21 The Lord smelled the pleasing aroma and said in his heart: "Never again will I curse the ground because of humans, even though[ai] every inclination of the human heart is evil from childhood. And never again will I destroy all living creatures, as I have done.
22 "As long as the earth endures,
seedtime and harvest,
cold and heat,
summer and winter,
day and night
will never cease."
9 Then God blessed Noah and his sons, saying to them, "Be fruitful and increase in number and fill the earth. 2 The fear and dread of you will fall on all the beasts of the earth, and on all the birds in the sky, on every creature that moves along the ground, and on all the fish in the sea; they are given into your hands. 3 Everything that lives and moves about will be food for you. Just as I gave you the green plants, I now give you everything.
4 "But you must not eat meat that has its lifeblood still in it. 5 And for your lifeblood I will surely demand an accounting. I will demand an accounting from every animal. And from each human being, too, I will demand an accounting for the life of another human being.
6 "Whoever sheds human blood,
by humans shall their blood be shed;
for in the image of God
has God made mankind.
7 As for you, be fruitful and increase in number; multiply on the earth and increase upon it."
8 Then God said to Noah and to his sons with him: 9 "I now establish my covenant with you and with your descendants after you 10 and with every living creature that was with you—the birds, the livestock and all the wild animals, all those that came out of the ark with you—every living creature on earth. 11 I establish my covenant with you: Never again will all life be destroyed by the waters of a flood; never again will there be a flood to destroy the earth."
12 And God said, "This is the sign of the covenant I am making between me and you and every living creature with you, a covenant for all generations to come: 13 I have set my rainbow in the clouds, and it will be the sign of the covenant between me and the earth. 14 Whenever I bring clouds over the earth and the rainbow appears in the clouds, 15 I will remember my covenant between me and you and all living creatures of every kind. Never again will the waters become a flood to destroy all life. 16 Whenever the rainbow appears in the clouds, I will see it and remember the everlasting covenant between God and all living creatures of every kind on the earth."
17 So God said to Noah, "This is the sign of the covenant I have established between me and all life on the earth."
18 The sons of Noah who came out of the ark were Shem, Ham and Japheth. (Ham was the father of Canaan.) 19 These were the three sons of Noah, and from them came the people who were scattered over the whole earth.
20 Noah, a man of the soil, proceeded[aj] to plant a vineyard. 21 When he drank some of its wine, he became drunk and lay uncovered inside his tent. 22 Ham, the father of Canaan, saw his father naked and told his two brothers outside. 23 But Shem and Japheth took a garment and laid it across their shoulders; then they walked in backward and covered their father's naked body. Their faces were turned the other way so that they would not see their father naked.
24 When Noah awoke from his wine and found out what his youngest son had done to him, 25 he said,
"Cursed be Canaan!
The lowest of slaves
will he be to his brothers."
26 He also said,
"Praise be to the Lord, the God of Shem!
May Canaan be the slave of Shem.
27 May God extend Japheth's[ak] territory;
may Japheth live in the tents of Shem,
and may Canaan be the slave of Japheth."
28 After the flood Noah lived 350 years. 29 Noah lived a total of 950 years, and then he died.
10 This is the account of Shem, Ham and Japheth, Noah's sons, who themselves had sons after the flood.
2 The sons[al] of Japheth:
Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshek and Tiras.
3 The sons of Gomer:
Ashkenaz, Riphath and Togarmah.
4 The sons of Javan:
Elishah, Tarshish, the Kittites and the Rodanites.[am] 5 (From these the maritime peoples spread out into their territories by their clans within their nations, each with its own language.)
6 The sons of Ham:
Cush, Egypt, Put and Canaan.
7 The sons of Cush:
Seba, Havilah, Sabtah, Raamah and Sabteka.
The sons of Raamah:
Sheba and Dedan.
8 Cush was the father[an] of Nimrod, who became a mighty warrior on the earth. 9 He was a mighty hunter before the Lord; that is why it is said, "Like Nimrod, a mighty hunter before the Lord." 10 The first centers of his kingdom were Babylon, Uruk, Akkad and Kalneh, in[ao] Shinar.[ap] 11 From that land he went to Assyria, where he built Nineveh, Rehoboth Ir,[aq] Calah 12 and Resen, which is between Nineveh and Calah—which is the great city.
13 Egypt was the father of
the Ludites, Anamites, Lehabites, Naphtuhites, 14 Pathrusites, Kasluhites (from whom the Philistines came) and Caphtorites.
15 Canaan was the father of
Sidon his firstborn,[ar] and of the Hittites, 16 Jebusites, Amorites, Girgashites, 17 Hivites, Arkites, Sinites, 18 Arvadites, Zemarites and Hamathites.
Later the Canaanite clans scattered 19 and the borders of Canaan reached from Sidon toward Gerar as far as Gaza, and then toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah and Zeboyim, as far as Lasha.
20 These are the sons of Ham by their clans and languages, in their territories and nations.
21 Sons were also born to Shem, whose older brother was[as] Japheth; Shem was the ancestor of all the sons of Eber.
22 The sons of Shem:
Elam, Ashur, Arphaxad, Lud and Aram.
23 The sons of Aram:
Uz, Hul, Gether and Meshek.[at]
24 Arphaxad was the father of[au] Shelah,
and Shelah the father of Eber.
25 Two sons were born to Eber:
One was named Peleg,[av] because in his time the earth was divided; his brother was named Joktan.
26 Joktan was the father of
Almodad, Sheleph, Hazarmaveth, Jerah, 27 Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah, 28 Obal, Abimael, Sheba, 29 Ophir, Havilah and Jobab. All these were sons of Joktan.
30 The region where they lived stretched from Mesha toward Sephar, in the eastern hill country.
31 These are the sons of Shem by their clans and languages, in their territories and nations.
32 These are the clans of Noah's sons, according to their lines of descent, within their nations. From these the nations spread out over the earth after the flood.
11 Now the whole world had one language and a common speech. 2 As people moved eastward,[aw] they found a plain in Shinar[ax] and settled there.
3 They said to each other, "Come, let's make bricks and bake them thoroughly." They used brick instead of stone, and tar for mortar. 4 Then they said, "Come, let us build ourselves a city, with a tower that reaches to the heavens, so that we may make a name for ourselves; otherwise we will be scattered over the face of the whole earth."
5 But the Lord came down to see the city and the tower the people were building. 6 The Lord said, "If as one people speaking the same language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be impossible for them. 7 Come, let us go down and confuse their language so they will not understand each other."
8 So the Lord scattered them from there over all the earth, and they stopped building the city. 9 That is why it was called Babel[ay]—because there the Lord confused the language of the whole world. From there the Lord scattered them over the face of the whole earth.
10 This is the account of Shem's family line.
Two years after the flood, when Shem was 100 years old, he became the father[az] of Arphaxad. 11 And after he became the father of Arphaxad, Shem lived 500 years and had other sons and daughters.
12 When Arphaxad had lived 35 years, he became the father of Shelah. 13 And after he became the father of Shelah, Arphaxad lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters.[ba]
14 When Shelah had lived 30 years, he became the father of Eber. 15 And after he became the father of Eber, Shelah lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters.
16 When Eber had lived 34 years, he became the father of Peleg. 17 And after he became the father of Peleg, Eber lived 430 years and had other sons and daughters.
18 When Peleg had lived 30 years, he became the father of Reu. 19 And after he became the father of Reu, Peleg lived 209 years and had other sons and daughters.
20 When Reu had lived 32 years, he became the father of Serug. 21 And after he became the father of Serug, Reu lived 207 years and had other sons and daughters.
22 When Serug had lived 30 years, he became the father of Nahor. 23 And after he became the father of Nahor, Serug lived 200 years and had other sons and daughters.
24 When Nahor had lived 29 years, he became the father of Terah. 25 And after he became the father of Terah, Nahor lived 119 years and had other sons and daughters.
26 After Terah had lived 70 years, he became the father of Abram, Nahor and Haran.
27 This is the account of Terah's family line.
Terah became the father of Abram, Nahor and Haran. And Haran became the father of Lot. 28 While his father Terah was still alive, Haran died in Ur of the Chaldeans, in the land of his birth. 29 Abram and Nahor both married. The name of Abram's wife was Sarai, and the name of Nahor's wife was Milkah; she was the daughter of Haran, the father of both Milkah and Iskah. 30 Now Sarai was childless because she was not able to conceive.
31 Terah took his son Abram, his grandson Lot son of Haran, and his daughter-in-law Sarai, the wife of his son Abram, and together they set out from Ur of the Chaldeans to go to Canaan. But when they came to Harran, they settled there.
32 Terah lived 205 years, and he died in Harran.
12 The Lord had said to Abram, "Go from your country, your people and your father's household to the land I will show you.
2 "I will make you into a great nation,
and I will bless you;
I will make your name great,
and you will be a blessing.[bb]
3 I will bless those who bless you,
and whoever curses you I will curse;
and all peoples on earth
will be blessed through you."[bc]
4 So Abram went, as the Lord had told him; and Lot went with him. Abram was seventy-five years old when he set out from Harran. 5 He took his wife Sarai, his nephew Lot, all the possessions they had accumulated and the people they had acquired in Harran, and they set out for the land of Canaan, and they arrived there.
6 Abram traveled through the land as far as the site of the great tree of Moreh at Shechem. At that time the Canaanites were in the land. 7 The Lord appeared to Abram and said, "To your offspring[bd] I will give this land." So he built an altar there to the Lord, who had appeared to him.
8 From there he went on toward the hills east of Bethel and pitched his tent, with Bethel on the west and Ai on the east. There he built an altar to the Lord and called on the name of the Lord.
9 Then Abram set out and continued toward the Negev.
10 Now there was a famine in the land, and Abram went down to Egypt to live there for a while because the famine was severe. 11 As he was about to enter Egypt, he said to his wife Sarai, "I know what a beautiful woman you are. 12 When the Egyptians see you, they will say, 'This is his wife.' Then they will kill me but will let you live. 13 Say you are my sister, so that I will be treated well for your sake and my life will be spared because of you."
14 When Abram came to Egypt, the Egyptians saw that Sarai was a very beautiful woman. 15 And when Pharaoh's officials saw her, they praised her to Pharaoh, and she was taken into his palace. 16 He treated Abram well for her sake, and Abram acquired sheep and cattle, male and female donkeys, male and female servants, and camels.
17 But the Lord inflicted serious diseases on Pharaoh and his household because of Abram's wife Sarai. 18 So Pharaoh summoned Abram. "What have you done to me?" he said. "Why didn't you tell me she was your wife? 19 Why did you say, 'She is my sister,' so that I took her to be my wife? Now then, here is your wife. Take her and go!" 20 Then Pharaoh gave orders about Abram to his men, and they sent him on his way, with his wife and everything he had.
13 So Abram went up from Egypt to the Negev, with his wife and everything he had, and Lot went with him. 2 Abram had become very wealthy in livestock and in silver and gold.
3 From the Negev he went from place to place until he came to Bethel, to the place between Bethel and Ai where his tent had been earlier 4 and where he had first built an altar. There Abram called on the name of the Lord.
5 Now Lot, who was moving about with Abram, also had flocks and herds and tents. 6 But the land could not support them while they stayed together, for their possessions were so great that they were not able to stay together. 7 And quarreling arose between Abram's herders and Lot's. The Canaanites and Perizzites were also living in the land at that time.
8 So Abram said to Lot, "Let's not have any quarreling between you and me, or between your herders and mine, for we are close relatives. 9 Is not the whole land before you? Let's part company. If you go to the left, I'll go to the right; if you go to the right, I'll go to the left."
10 Lot looked around and saw that the whole plain of the Jordan toward Zoar was well watered, like the garden of the Lord, like the land of Egypt. (This was before the Lord destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah.) 11 So Lot chose for himself the whole plain of the Jordan and set out toward the east. The two men parted company: 12 Abram lived in the land of Canaan, while Lot lived among the cities of the plain and pitched his tents near Sodom. 13 Now the people of Sodom were wicked and were sinning greatly against the Lord.
14 The Lord said to Abram after Lot had parted from him, "Look around from where you are, to the north and south, to the east and west. 15 All the land that you see I will give to you and your offspring[be] forever. 16 I will make your offspring like the dust of the earth, so that if anyone could count the dust, then your offspring could be counted. 17 Go, walk through the length and breadth of the land, for I am giving it to you."
18 So Abram went to live near the great trees of Mamre at Hebron, where he pitched his tents. There he built an altar to the Lord.
14 At the time when Amraphel was king of Shinar,[bf] Arioch king of Ellasar, Kedorlaomer king of Elam and Tidal king of Goyim, 2 these kings went to war against Bera king of Sodom, Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of Admah, Shemeber king of Zeboyim, and the king of Bela (that is, Zoar). 3 All these latter kings joined forces in the Valley of Siddim (that is, the Dead Sea Valley). 4 For twelve years they had been subject to Kedorlaomer, but in the thirteenth year they rebelled.
5 In the fourteenth year, Kedorlaomer and the kings allied with him went out and defeated the Rephaites in Ashteroth Karnaim, the Zuzites in Ham, the Emites in Shaveh Kiriathaim 6 and the Horites in the hill country of Seir, as far as El Paran near the desert. 7 Then they turned back and went to En Mishpat (that is, Kadesh), and they conquered the whole territory of the Amalekites, as well as the Amorites who were living in Hazezon Tamar.
8 Then the king of Sodom, the king of Gomorrah, the king of Admah, the king of Zeboyim and the king of Bela (that is, Zoar) marched out and drew up their battle lines in the Valley of Siddim 9 against Kedorlaomer king of Elam, Tidal king of Goyim, Amraphel king of Shinar and Arioch king of Ellasar—four kings against five. 10 Now the Valley of Siddim was full of tar pits, and when the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, some of the men fell into them and the rest fled to the hills. 11 The four kings seized all the goods of Sodom and Gomorrah and all their food; then they went away. 12 They also carried off Abram's nephew Lot and his possessions, since he was living in Sodom.
13 A man who had escaped came and reported this to Abram the Hebrew. Now Abram was living near the great trees of Mamre the Amorite, a brother[bg] of Eshkol and Aner, all of whom were allied with Abram. 14 When Abram heard that his relative had been taken captive, he called out the 318 trained men born in his household and went in pursuit as far as Dan. 15 During the night Abram divided his men to attack them and he routed them, pursuing them as far as Hobah, north of Damascus. 16 He recovered all the goods and brought back his relative Lot and his possessions, together with the women and the other people.
17 After Abram returned from defeating Kedorlaomer and the kings allied with him, the king of Sodom came out to meet him in the Valley of Shaveh (that is, the King's Valley).
18 Then Melchizedek king of Salem brought out bread and wine. He was priest of God Most High, 19 and he blessed Abram, saying,
"Blessed be Abram by God Most High,
Creator of heaven and earth.
20 And praise be to God Most High,
who delivered your enemies into your hand."
Then Abram gave him a tenth of everything.
21 The king of Sodom said to Abram, "Give me the people and keep the goods for yourself."
22 But Abram said to the king of Sodom, "With raised hand I have sworn an oath to the Lord, God Most High, Creator of heaven and earth, 23 that I will accept nothing belonging to you, not even a thread or the strap of a sandal, so that you will never be able to say, 'I made Abram rich.' 24 I will accept nothing but what my men have eaten and the share that belongs to the men who went with me—to Aner, Eshkol and Mamre. Let them have their share."
15 After this, the word of the Lord came to Abram in a vision:
2 But Abram said, "Sovereign Lord, what can you give me since I remain childless and the one who will inherit[bj] my estate is Eliezer of Damascus?" 3 And Abram said, "You have given me no children; so a servant in my household will be my heir."
4 Then the word of the Lord came to him: "This man will not be your heir, but a son who is your own flesh and blood will be your heir." 5 He took him outside and said, "Look up at the sky and count the stars—if indeed you can count them." Then he said to him, "So shall your offspring[bk] be."
6 Abram believed the Lord, and he credited it to him as righteousness.
7 He also said to him, "I am the Lord, who brought you out of Ur of the Chaldeans to give you this land to take possession of it."
8 But Abram said, "Sovereign Lord, how can I know that I will gain possession of it?"
9 So the Lord said to him, "Bring me a heifer, a goat and a ram, each three years old, along with a dove and a young pigeon."
10 Abram brought all these to him, cut them in two and arranged the halves opposite each other; the birds, however, he did not cut in half. 11 Then birds of prey came down on the carcasses, but Abram drove them away.
12 As the sun was setting, Abram fell into a deep sleep, and a thick and dreadful darkness came over him. 13 Then the Lord said to him, "Know for certain that for four hundred years your descendants will be strangers in a country not their own and that they will be enslaved and mistreated there. 14 But I will punish the nation they serve as slaves, and afterward they will come out with great possessions. 15 You, however, will go to your ancestors in peace and be buried at a good old age. 16 In the fourth generation your descendants will come back here, for the sin of the Amorites has not yet reached its full measure."
17 When the sun had set and darkness had fallen, a smoking firepot with a blazing torch appeared and passed between the pieces. 18 On that day the Lord made a covenant with Abram and said, "To your descendants I give this land, from the Wadi[bl] of Egypt to the great river, the Euphrates— 19 the land of the Kenites, Kenizzites, Kadmonites, 20 Hittites, Perizzites, Rephaites, 21 Amorites, Canaanites, Girgashites and Jebusites."
16 Now Sarai, Abram's wife, had borne him no children. But she had an Egyptian slave named Hagar; 2 so she said to Abram, "The Lord has kept me from having children. Go, sleep with my slave; perhaps I can build a family through her."
Abram agreed to what Sarai said. 3 So after Abram had been living in Canaan ten years, Sarai his wife took her Egyptian slave Hagar and gave her to her husband to be his wife. 4 He slept with Hagar, and she conceived.
When she knew she was pregnant, she began to despise her mistress. 5 Then Sarai said to Abram, "You are responsible for the wrong I am suffering. I put my slave in your arms, and now that she knows she is pregnant, she despises me. May the Lord judge between you and me."
6 "Your slave is in your hands," Abram said. "Do with her whatever you think best." Then Sarai mistreated Hagar; so she fled from her.
7 The angel of the Lord found Hagar near a spring in the desert; it was the spring that is beside the road to Shur. 8 And he said, "Hagar, slave of Sarai, where have you come from, and where are you going?"
"I'm running away from my mistress Sarai," she answered.
9 Then the angel of the Lord told her, "Go back to your mistress and submit to her." 10 The angel added, "I will increase your descendants so much that they will be too numerous to count."
11 The angel of the Lord also said to her:
"You are now pregnant
and you will give birth to a son.
You shall name him Ishmael,[bm]
for the Lord has heard of your misery.
12 He will be a wild donkey of a man;
his hand will be against everyone
and everyone's hand against him,
and he will live in hostility
toward[bn] all his brothers."
13 She gave this name to the Lord who spoke to her: "You are the God who sees me," for she said, "I have now seen[bo] the One who sees me." 14 That is why the well was called Beer Lahai Roi[bp]; it is still there, between Kadesh and Bered.
15 So Hagar bore Abram a son, and Abram gave the name Ishmael to the son she had borne. 16 Abram was eighty-six years old when Hagar bore him Ishmael.
Holy Bible, New International Version®, NIV® Copyright ©1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.® Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.


text:
Music Player Daemon/Tips and tricks
Go back to Music Player Daemon.
- 1 Tips and Tricks
- 1.1 Organizing
- 1.2 Last.fm scrobbling
- 1.3 Never play on start
- 1.4 Control MPD with lirc
- 1.5 Control MPD with phone
- 1.6 MPD & PulseAudio
- 1.7 Cue Files
- 1.8 HTTP Streaming
Tips and Tricks
MPD doesn't provide a tool to preserve the file structure of your audio files. Check out beets.
Last.fm scrobbling
To scrobble your songs to Last.fm when using MPD, there are several possibilities.
mpdscribble is a daemon, available in the "community" repository (if you prefer, the "git" version is available in the AUR). This is arguably the best alternative, because it's the semi-official MPD scrobbler and uses the new "idle" feature in MPD for more accurate scrobbling. Also, you do not need root access to configure it, because it doesn't need any changes to
/etc at all. Visit the official website for more information.
After you have installed mpdscribble, do the following (not as root):
$ mkdir ~/.mpdscribble
- Create the file
~/.mpdscribble/mpdscribble.confand add the following:
[mpdscribble] host = <your mpd host> # optional, defaults to $MPD_HOST or localhost port = <your mpd port> # optional, defaults to $MPD_PORT or 6600 log = /home/<YOUR_USERNAME>/.mpdscribble/mpdscribble.log verbose = 2 sleep = 1 musicdir = <your music directory> proxy = <your proxy> # optional, e. g. http://your.proxy:8080, defaults to none [last.fm] # last.fm section, comment if you do not use last.fm url = http://post.audioscrobbler.com/ username = <your last.fm username> password = <your last.fm password> journal = /home/<YOUR_USERNAME>/.mpdscribble/lastfm.journal [libre.fm] # libre.fm section, comment if you do not use libre.fm url = http://turtle.libre.fm/ username = <your libre.fm username> password = <your libre.fm password> journal = /home/<YOUR_USERNAME>/.mpdscribble/librefm.journal
Please note that passwords can also be written down as MD5:
echo -n 'PASSWORD' | md5sum | cut -f 1 -d " "
- Add
mpdscribbleto the file in which you start
mpdas well (e.g.
pidof mpdscribble >& /dev/null if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then mpdscribble & fi
Sonata & Ario
Sonata has built-in support for scrobbling, although that requires the program to run the whole time. Additionally, Sonata doesn't cache the songs if they cannot be forwarded to Last.fm at the time of playing, meaning they will not be added to the statistics.
The daemon lastfmsubmitd is a daemon which may be installed from the "community" repository as well. To install it, first edit
/etc/lastfmsubmitd.conf to reflect your requirements and add both
lastfmsubmitd and
lastmp to the
DAEMONS array in
Last.fm playback
Native Last.fm playback
Since version 0.16 mpd has a very well working method to play back last.fm streams.
$ playlist_plugin { name "lastfm" user "my_username" password "my_password" }
Then use e.g. mpc to load streams
$ mpc load "lastfm://artist/Beatles"
Never play on start
This feature has recently been added to mpd git by Martin Kellerman, see commits
b57330cf75bcb339e3f268f1019c63e40d305145 and
2fb40fe728ac07574808c40034fc0f3d2254d49d. As of September 2011, this feature has not yet arrived in a mpd version in the official repositories. If support for this feature is still required, have a look at the following proposals.
Installing mpd from the AUR
This is the best method currently available, but is only currently (as of April 2011) enabled in the git version. Install mpd-git from the AUR and add
restore_paused "yes" to your
mpd.conf file.
If you have issues with connecting your client to mpd-git, see Music Player Daemon#Other issues when attempting to connect to mpd with a client.
Method 1
If you do not want MPD to always play on your system start, but yet you want to preserve the other state information, add the following lines to your
/etc/rc.d/mpd file:
Method 1.1
Simpler, working method (disables playing on startup of mpd daemon):
mpc -q pause #add this line only add_daemon mpd stat_done
To prevent updates from destroying these modifications, add this file to the
NoUpgrade variable in
NoUpgrade = etc/rc.d/mpd
Method 2
Another simpler method, would be to add mpd to your
rc.conf daemons array and add
mpc stop or
mpc pause to
/etc/rc.local.shutdown and to
/etc/rc.local. (Remember you must have mpc installed to use this method).
Adding only the order in
/etc/rc.local cannot assure that mpd will play absolutely nothing, since there may be a delay before the stop command is executed.
On the other hand, if you only add the order to
/etc/rc.local.shutdown, that will assure that mpd won't play at all, as long as you properly shutdown your system.
Even though they are redundant, adding it to
/etc/rc.local would serve as a safety for those, presumably, rare occasions when you do not shutdown the system properly.
Method 3
The general idea is to ask mpd to pause music when the user logs out, so that mpd will stick to the "pause" state after a reboot. Sending such command can be achieved using mpc, the command line interface to MPD.
GDM users can then add
/usr/bin/mpc pause to
/etc/gdm/PostSession/Default (be sure to add it before
exit 0):
Non-GDM users can use their own login manager's method to launch the line at logout.
Example configuration: Output with 44.1 KHz at e. g. 16 bit depth, multiple programs at once
Why these formats? Because they are standard CDA, because ALSA on its own allows more than one program "to sound" only with dmix — whose resampling algorithm is inferior — and because dmix by default resamples anything lower to 48 KHz (or whatever higher format is playing at the time). Also, some get clicking sounds if at least
mpd.conf is not changed this way.
What's the downside? These settings cause everything (if necessary) to be resampled to this format, such as material from DVD or TV which usually is at 48 KHz. But there is no known way to have ALSA dynamically change the format, and particularly if you listen to far more CDs than anything else the occasional 48 → 44.1 isn't too great a loss.
The following assumes that there are not already other settings which conflict resp. overwrite it. This applies especially to the current user's potential
~/.asoundrc — which MPD as its own user ignores, therefore the following should go to
defaults.pcm.dmix.rate 44100 # Force 44.1 KHz defaults.pcm.dmix.format S16_LE # Force 16 bits
audio_output { type "alsa" # Use the ALSA output plugin. name "HDA Intel" # Can be called anything or nothing tmk, but must be present. options "dev=dmixer" device "plug:dmix" # Both lines cause MPD to output to dmix. format "44100:16:2" # the actual format auto_resample "no" # This bypasses ALSA's own algorithms, which generally are inferior. See below how to choose a different one. use_mmap "yes" # Minor speed improvement, should work with all modern cards. } samplerate_converter "0" # MPD's best, most CPU intensive algorithm. See 'man mpd.conf' for others — for anything other than the poorest "internal", libsamplerate must be installed.
If one wants to leave the bit depth decision to ALSA resp. MPD, comment out resp. omit the dmix.format line and change the one for mpd with format to "44100:*:2".
Control MPD with lirc
There are already some clients designed for communications between lircd and MPD, however, as far as the practical use, they aren't very useful since their functions are limited.
It's recommended to use mpc with irexec. mpc is a command line player which only sends the command to MPD and exits immediately, which is perfect for irexec, the command runner included in lirc. What irexec does is that it runs a specified command once received a remote control button.
First of all, please setup your remotes as referred to the Lirc article.
Edit your favored lirc startup configuration file, default location is
Fill the file with the following pattern:
begin prog = irexec button = <button_name> config = <command_to_run> repeat = <0 or 1> end
An useful example:
## irexec begin prog = irexec button = play_pause config = mpc toggle repeat = 0 end begin prog = irexec button = stop config = mpc stop repeat = 0 end begin prog = irexec button = previous config = mpc prev repeat = 0 end begin prog = irexec button = next config = mpc next repeat = 0 end begin prog = irexec button = volup config = mpc volume +2 repeat = 1 end begin prog = irexec button = voldown config = mpc volume -2 repeat = 1 end begin prog = irexec button = pbc config = mpc random repeat = 0 end begin prog = irexec button = pdvd config = mpc update repeat = 0 end begin prog = irexec button = right config = mpc seek +00:00:05 repeat = 0 end begin prog = irexec button = left config = mpc seek -00:00:05 repeat = 0 end begin prog = irexec button = up config = mpc seek +1% repeat = 0 end begin prog = irexec button = down config = mpc seek -1% repeat = 0 end
There are more functions for mpc, run
man mpc for more info.
Control MPD with phone
remuco via bluetooth
- install remuco -- a wireless remote control for several Linux media players (aur)
- transfer remuco client -- jar/jad files from
/usr/share/remuco/client/to your phone and install it
- run
remuco-mpd(as current user)
- run remuco on your phone, define a new bluetooth remuco connection (pair first if you haven't done this previously) and explore its capabilities
There are several MPD-specific clients available in the app-store/market of Symbian, Android and iOS.
MPD & PulseAudio
/etc/mpd.conf, and uncomment the audio_output section for the type "pulse". The server and sink lines of it should be commented unless you know what you're doing.
Then, add the mpd user (and yours if you haven't done so already) to the necessary pulse groups. The pulse-access group should be sufficient but you may want to add pulse-rt as well. The group "pulse" doesn't appear to be necessary.
# gpasswd -a mpd pulse-access # gpasswd -a mpd pulse-rt
Lastly, you may or may not need to copy
~/.pulse-cookie from your current (pulse working) user's dir to your mpd user's home directory. It is likely to be
/var/lib/mpd if you followed the first part of this wiki. This would probably only allow your current user to listen in on MPD's pulse. You may consider running pulse system-wide if that's insufficient.
Cue Files
To make cue file support actually work, you have to work around a nasty libcue bug. Libcue copied some files directly from libcdio, making it conflict with it. Steps to do to get proper cue support:
- remove
libcdiotemporary (
pacman -Rdd libcdio)
- install libcue
- install mpd with ABS or from AUR.
- install
Version 0.17 will fix this issue, implementing its very own cue parser, which will then also allow parsing cuesheets, that are embedded into the files tags (CUESHEET tag). This will work for most, if not all relevant music files.
HTTP Streaming
Since version 0.15 there is a built-in HTTP streaming daemon/server that comes with MPD. To activate this server simply set it as output device in mpd.conf:
audio_output { type "httpd" name "My HTTP Stream" encoder "vorbis" # optional, vorbis or lame port "8000" # quality "5.0" # do not define if bitrate is defined bitrate "128" # do not define if quality is defined format "44100:16:1" }
Then to listen to this stream simply open the URL of your mpd server (along with the specified port) in your favorite music player. Note: You may have to specify the file format of the stream using an appropriate file extension in the URL. For example, using Winamp 5.5, You would use http://192.168.1.2:8000/mpd.ogg rather than http://192.168.1.2:8000/.
To use mpd to connect to the stream from another computer.
mpc add http://192.168.1.2:8000

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Worker, Homeownership, and Business Assistance Act of 2009 recently was passed by wide margins in both the House and Senate and signed into law. The bill extends unemployment benefits, and also includes added provisions on net operating losses supported by the National Electrical Contractors Association (NECA), Bethesda, Md.
Under previous tax law, a business suffering a net operating loss (NOL) in the current tax year can amend its tax returns for the previous two years in order to offset taxable income from those years and thereby gain a refund which amounts to an immediate infusion of cash into the business. These rules are designed to allow businesses to "smooth out" swings in business income that result from unexpected financial losses. Under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), the carryback was extended to five years for the 2008 tax year so that previously profitable businesses struggling in the recession would be able to maintain their staffing levels and invest more in purchasing equipment and other capital assets. ARRA limited this relief to small businesses with less than $15 million in annual gross receipts. The new legislation extends that treatment to 2009 NOLs, although it limits the amount of loss than can be carried back to the fifth year. Specifically, businesses can offset 50% of the available income from the fifth year and 100% of all income in the remaining four carryback years. The law also allows all businesses to take the five-year carryback (regardless of annual gross receipts), except those that received funds from the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP).


text:
Massachusetts Democrats are facing a tough political dilemma created by their own machinations: how to hold onto US Senator John F. Kerry's seat in the face of a special election law they created eight years ago that is now working against them.
With all indications suggesting that Kerry will vacate the seat to become secretary of state, party insiders see huge hurdles that could include a divisive and expensive primary fight, followed by what will probably be a general election battle against Scott Brown, a popular Republican, who is seen by analysts as a strong contender in a low-turnout special election.
One of the easiest ways to ensure that the seat remains in Democratic hands would be to do away with a special election, instead allowing Governor Deval Patrick to appoint a fellow Democrat to serve out the remainder of Kerry's term through 2014. That was the longstanding law for filling Senate vacancies in Massachusetts before the Legislature changed the statute in 2004, creating a special election procedure in effort to deny Mitt Romney, then governor, a Senate appointment if Kerry had won the presidential race.
Five years later, in 2009, the Legislature again amended the law at the behest of Edward M. Kennedy, who was dying of brain cancer, allowing the governor to appoint an interim senator to fill the seat only for a brief period until the special election. Kennedy argued that the state needed to be represented in the debate at the time over the national health care law.
Because Democratic leaders have now changed the law twice in the last eight years, it would be politically difficult to finagle the process yet again.
"The Democrats are getting what they deserved,'' said Jeffrey M. Berry, a political science professor at Tuft University. "They manipulated the rules last time to ostensibly help them keep the Senate seat. . . . It was pure politics.''
Patrick, who will be a key player in the process, said Friday that he is leaning toward naming an interim appointee who would promise not to run for the seat while a special election is held.
He did that in 2009, when Kennedy died and he named Paul G. Kirk Jr. to Kennedy's seat for a brief period. Kirk, Kennedy's onetime chief of staff and political confidant, agreed not to run in the special election to serve out the remainder of Kennedy's term.
That race was eventually won by Brown in an election that rocked the political world.
"I expect to do the same thing I did last time," Patrick told reporters. "I'm not ruling out other options. But, as a practical matter, it's hard for me to imagine how you could serve in the Senate for a four-month period and also run a statewide campaign in a four-month period and do both of them well."
According to a senior Democratic official, Patrick spoke to Kennedy's widow, Vicki Reggie Kennedy, shortly after last month's election about appointing her to the Senate. Kennedy told the governor she was not interested in running for a full term, the official said. But the question of an interim appointment was left hanging. Patrick would not comment about the conversation Friday.
The governor also declined to discuss the names of any potential appointees or candidates.
For some Democrats, the party, by allowing an open race, could invite a free-for-all primary that would drain its resources and give Brown a leg up to defeat a battered Democratic nominee.
"In an abbreviated election with a significant lower turnout, it is [in] the Democratic Party's interest to rally around one candidate,'' said Joseph Ricca, a veteran Democratic operative who has worked on both state and national campaigns.
But it is unclear if the party leadership can impose the discipline that could clear the field for one candidate.
US Representative James P. McGovern, a Worcester Democrat, said it is not politically feasible to control the primary election field, nor would it make any difference.
"I don't think any of us can really handpick somebody," said McGovern, who said he has no interest in seeking the seat. "Whether or not the governor appoints somebody for a short period of time or not, I'm not sure whether at the end of the day this race is going to be won or lost."
All indications point to a crowded field. "Judging by the number of people who phoned me, even before the latest rumors, I suspect there are a lot of people who may jump in, in the event of a special election," Patrick said. "It will be a pretty robust race."
The Republicans will probably stick with Brown, who remains a formidable figure, despite his defeat last month by Elizabeth Warren. Still, former governor William F. Weld, who would probably defer to Brown, has not ruled out another run for Kerry's Senate seat if Brown were to decide not to run.
He said Kerry's appointment might "stir up the pot, but by a wide margin, I'd like to see others have the fun of being the candidate."
When a reporter reminded Weld that his statement did not constitute a complete denial, Weld took a lengthy pause. "It is what it is," he said, before reaffirming his support for Brown's candidacy.
Weld recently moved back to Massachusetts after more than a decade living in New York, where he briefly launched a campaign for governor.
Among Democrats, several members of the state's House delegation are expected to consider a run and would probably emerge as early frontrunners. Stephen Lynch of South Boston; Edward J. Markey, the dean of the delegation; and Michael Capuano of Somerville all indicated Friday that they will take a hard look at running.
Others mentioned include US Attorney Carmen Ortiz, and Attorney General Martha Coakley. State Senator Benjamin Downing, a 31-year-old Pittsfield Democrat, also repeated Friday that he would be interested.Noah Bierman of the Globe staff contributed to this report. Frank Phillips can be reached at email@example.com.


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The high-definition screen has become a kind of Christmas tree, overladen with ornaments hung by regulators, greedy entertainment execs, would-be monopolists from the tech sector, broadcasters desperate to hold on to their spectrum, and even video game companies nostalgic for the yesteryear of impervious boxes. The tree is toppling--and it might just take out a few industries when it crashes.
High def kicked off in the '80s, when Detroit was losing the car wars to Japan and Motorola was figuring out that radio spectrum was pure gold if applied to mobile phones. Moto pointed out that the National Association of Broadcasters' members were squatting on lots of spectrum they'd been allocated, but hadn't lit up with TV signals. (Broadcasters get their spectrum for free, and in exchange we're supposed to get some programming over those airwaves.) Motorola proposed to buy the idle spectrum from the Federal Communications Commission and use it to run a phone business.
The NAB panicked--there's nothing a corporate welfare bum hates more than an end to its government handouts. So the broadcasters cast about for an excuse, any excuse, to continue to hold on to our valuable radio spectrum while doing nothing much with it. They found that excuse in Japan, where high-definition sets were being met with popular and critical acclaim. Japan--having destroyed the American auto industry--was about to destroy American broadcasting with its devious high-def sets, creating a high-def gap that America would struggle in vain to bridge!
The nervy broadcasters asked the commission to leave all that fallow spectrum intact and, furthermore, to allocate them even more spectrum so that they could broadcast HD signals alongside the analog ones. Once enough Americans had bought high-def receivers, the FCC could switch off the analog towers and return the spectrum to the American public, and then it could be sold to the likes of Moto for mobile applications.
Incredibly, the commission swallowed this and gave the broadcasters even more spectrum. The broadcasters approach spectrum like a dragon approaches gold: It's something to be hoarded and jealously guarded, but they're not much interested in using it. So they took all that high-def spectrum and built a nest of it, rested their ponderous, scaly bellies on it, and never lit it up.
By the 2000s, Congress and the FCC were desperate to get that spectrum in use. Representative Billy Tauzin (now a shill for the pharmaceutical industry) offered to give Hollywood any law it wanted in order to entice them to open their movies to broadcasters, which might in turn entice broadcasters to light up those towers, which might entice Americans to throw out their standard TVs. No, really! This is the kind of Rube Goldberg strategy they're chasing! In the U.K., by contrast, they simply created a standard for "FreeView," a box that tunes in 30 free, standard-definition digital TV channels and plays them on your old set, giving Brits an unbeatable enticement to switch to digital: One box gets you free cable for life, and you don't have to throw out your TV.
If the studios had their druthers, they'd just encrypt high-def signals. An encrypted signal needs a key to decrypt, and you can set up all kinds of rules about when, how, and who can decrypt a show by building it into the contract that comes with the key. But you can't encrypt over-the-air TV: The broadcasters get the spectrum for free, and in exchange they have to serve us. It wouldn't do to let them lock us out of the programs aired on our airwaves.
The Broadcast Flag is the law the studios came up with to square this circle. They proposed a Soviet-style planned economy (Fox president Andy Setos, who wrote the Broadcast Flag draft, referred to it as a "well-mannered marketplace") where all TV receivers would have to be built to honor the rules set down by the entertainment industry. The studios would get a veto over any feature that threatened its existing business model, and anyone who wanted to interface with a TV receiver would have to agree to play by Hollywood's rules. Even video cards, hard drives, and motherboards would fall under this rule.


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e-cbd needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 67 designs submitted by 26 freelance designers.
We would like a logo design for Sublime Wine - a wine directory.
We would like a logo for Sublime Wine - an online wine directory which will list all the vineyards in Asutralia.
- element of the map of Australia
- element of grapes
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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It has better graphics, motions and visuals. The audio is also amusing and entertaining. The movements are realistic. So no big deal.
Super Gamer Dude
Xbox 360
NBA Jam is a fast and furious game with many amusing effects on the side. This NBA Jam for Xbox 360 has added modes and effects. It is almost like watching a real NBA game; with the announcer, the players, the audience and the moves, this game comes close to reality. The best thing about this game is that it allows up to four players. So you get a two-on-two game with your friends.
It has better graphics, motions and visuals. The audio is also amusing and entertaining. The movements are realistic. And the features or appearances of the players are almost like the real person. It also has quite a few humorous bits and other player antics added to it which adds to the entertainment.
Like the real NBA game, you can do all sorts of moves on a player like alley hoops, different kinds of dunks, 3-point shots, hook shots, jump shots and a lot more. The movements of the players and how they are in the hard court are also imitated in this game. You can enter a tournament or just any special game like 2-on-2 or dunk competitions. So competing with your friends in this game will make it more enjoyable and fun. And, aside from the basketball game itself, you can still play other added games if you just want to increase your skills.
NBA Jam is a different kind of game that is specifically for those who love basketball. It is very entertaining as the movements of the players and other characters are very realistic. It is also challenging as you compete with the skills of other players. NBA Jam is the ultimately basketball game that players will enjoy playing in their Xbox 360.
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Nov 24, 2014