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|Item 1.
|CIR./DIST./DIV. CODE: This four-character location code is the circuit or district, and divisional office codes for the court where the proceedings whom the person represented are held.
|Item 2.
|PERSON REPRESENTED: Give the full name of the person whom you were appointed to represent.
|Items 3-6.
|DOCKET NUMBERS: Provide the case number assigned by the court. Enter the number using the last two digits of the calendar year (YY), the sequential number assigned by the court (NNNNNN), and the defendant number (DDD), as shown in the indictment or charging document. Thus, the format of the docket number is YY-NNNNNN-DDD. Note: If two or more cases are heard or tried together for the person represented, complete a separate voucher for each case in which representation is provided (i.e., for each docket number listed). Prorate the total time among the cases. On the supporting documentation, cross reference the voucher number of all related claims for which costs are prorated.
|Item 7.
|IN CASE/MATTER OF (CASE NAME): In criminal cases, enter U.S. vs. Defendant's Name. If it is a multiple defendant case, give the case cite as provided on the indictment (e.g., U.S. vs. Lead Defendant's Name, et al). If this is a habeas corpus proceeding, enter the Name of the Petitioner vs. the Name of the Respondent and include the respondent's title.
|Item 8.
|TYPE PERSON REPRESENTED: Check the box that defines the legal status of the person represented.
|Item 9.
|REPRESENTATION TYPE: Check one of the following types of representations:
D1 Habeas corpus (capital) petition pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254, seeking to vacate or set aside a state death sentence and Appeals;
|Item 10.
|OFFENSE(S) CHARGED: If the case is a capital prosecution in federal court, cite the U. S. Code, title and section, or other code citation of all charges up to five. List all death-eligible charges first. If the case is a direct appeal of a federal prosecution, list all offenses for which the defendant was convicted.
|Item 11/13
|ATTORNEY'S NAME AND MAILING ADDRESS AND NAME AND MAILING ADDRESS OF LAW FIRM: Complete Item 11 with the legal name and address of the attorney appointed to represent the person whose name is shown in Item 2. If prior to your appointment for representation, you had a pre-existing agreement with a law firm or corporation, including a professional corporation, indicating that CJA earnings belong to the law firm or corporation, rather than to the court-appointed attorney/payee, provide the Name and Mailing address of that law firm or corporation in Item 13. This information will allow earnings to be reported to the Internal Revenue (IRS) on a 1099 Statement as earnings of the law firm or corporation and not as the earnings of the attorney appointed. (Note: Information about a pre-existing agreement, including the Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) of the law firm or corporation, should be provided to the court staff when the attorney is admitted to the panel or at initial appointment to a case.)
|Item 12.
|COURT ORDER: Check the box that describes the type of counsel
appointed. If appointed as a substitute counsel, give the name of the previous
counsel and the appointment date. If appointed as a "Standby Counsel,"
attach the court order establishing this type of appointment in accordance
with paragraph 2.17 of the
CJA Guidelines. Specific qualifications
are required for all counsel appointed to provide representation in death
penalty cases. See 21 U.S.C. § 848 (q)(5)- (7) and 18 U.S.C. §
3005. The remaining portion of the Item will be completed by the clerk
of court or other court-designated person.
If the court approves interim payments because of the conditions stated in Box "D," the court should check this box. The presiding judicial officer or clerk of court must sign and date this court order to validate the appointment. Check statement "E," if full or partial repayment was ordered by the court from the person represented at the time of the appointment. If services were provided prior to court appointment, the presiding judicial officer can ratify the previous service by indicating a "nunc pro tunc" date that covers the services prior to appointment. No other court order is necessary.
|Item 14.
|STAGE OF PROCEEDING: Check the box that corresponds to the stage of proceeding for services claimed in Item 15 even if it is anticipated that the work will be used in connection with a later stage of the proceeding. CHECK ONLY ONE BOX. Submit a separate voucher for each stage of proceeding. NOTE: The stage noted as "Other" under "Other Proceeding" should be used only for a petition for presidential pardon or clemency, or other proceeding that cannot fit within the other described categories.
|Item 15.
|CLAIM FOR SERVICES--CATEGORIES FOR HOURS AND COMPENSATION: On
the applicable lines "a" through "j" enter the actual time spent in hours
and tenths of hours. Total the number of hours in out-of-court categories
"b" - "j" and enter the total in the "HOURS CLAIMED" column where required.
Multiply the total hours for in-court and out-of-court time by the allowable
compensation rate. Enter the amount claimed in the "TOTAL AMOUNT CLAIMED"
column for category "a", and for categories "b" - "j." NOTE: Indicate
"Other Dispositive Motions" only for work related to a motion to dismiss,
motion for summary judgment, or similar motion to end the entire habeas
corpus proceeding. If services included in-court hearings of one hour each
on separate dates, enter two hours on the form and attach a sheet indicating
one hour for each of the two dates.
Any mathematical or technical adjustments to your claim during the judicial approval process or an additional review will be indicated in the columns provided on the form under the heading "FOR COURT USE ONLY."
|Item 16.
|TRAVEL EXPENSES: Travel related expenses that are incidental to the representation (e.g., transportation, lodging, meals, car rental, parking, bridge, road and tunnel tolls, etc.) must be itemized on a separate sheet, indicating dates the expense was incurred. Attach supporting documentation (receipts, canceled checks, etc.) for all travel expenses. Travel expenses by privately owned automobile, motorcycle, or aircraft should be claimed at the rate in effect for federal employees at the time of travel. For overnight travel, reasonable expenses for lodging and meals will be reimbursed on an actual expense basis; per diem is not allowed. Counsel should be guided by prevailing limitations for travel and subsistence expenses of federal employees. The clerk of court can advise you on applicable rates and federal government travel regulations.
|Item 17.
|OTHER EXPENSES: Itemize all reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses
incidental to the representation. Provide dates and a brief description
of the expense. Submit supporting documentation (a receipt, canceled check,
etc.) for single item expenses in excess of $50. Reimbursable expenses
may include, in some circumstances, payments to a law student or law clerks
for research and assistance, and the cost of computer assisted legal research
(CALR) when conducted by counsel. See paragraph 2.31 and 3.15 of the
CJA Guidelines for an explanation. Fees and expenses for expert attorney
and other consultants in death penalty cases should be authorized and claimed
on a CJA Form 31. The following are not reimbursable expenses, and should
not be claimed:
1. General office overhead, such as rent, telephone services, and secretarial services.Totals. Enter the "Grand Total" where required by adding the total amount claimed for "in-court," "categories b - j," "Travel Expenses," and "Other Expenses."
|Item 18.
|CERTIFICATION OF ATTORNEY/PAYEE FOR PERIOD OF SERVICE: The person appointed by the court must certify dates of service for the representation. Indicate where required, the date range for the services claimed on the voucher.
|Item 19.
|APPOINTMENT TERMINATION DATE, IF OTHER THAN CASE COMPLETION: If the appointment is discontinued by order of the court (i.e., substituted counsel or reasons other than disposition of the defendant's case such as fugitive defendant, appointment of a public defender, or retention of counsel by defendant), give the effective date for termination of appointment.
|Item 20.
|CASE DISPOSITION: Indicate case disposition for the person represented.
Select applicable code from the table below.
|Item 21.
|CLAIM STATUS: Indicate, by checking the appropriate box, whether the voucher is (1) the final payment for the services, (2) an interim payment, or (3) a supplemental payment (an additional claim submitted after a final payment is made). If an interim payment, indicate the payment number. Complete the remaining portion of Item 21, and sign and date the affirmation statement before submitting the claim for court approval.
|Items 22-27a.
|APPROVED FOR PAYMENT--COURT USE ONLY: The presiding judicial officer will indicate the amount approved for each major category. These amounts will reflect mathematical or technical adjustments to your claim. The total amount approved for payment of the claim, less any amounts withheld for interim payment, is reflected in the "TOTAL AMOUNT APPROVED." The "SIGNATURE OF THE PRESIDING JUDICIAL OFFICER" is required to effect payment of the claim. The JUDGE CODE will be provided by the court staff.


text: Kankar is a story about a lively girl Kiran. Kiran's parents are looking for a proposal of their daughter. Shaishta, mother of sikander, who belongs to a financially strong favor of this marriage but agrees under the pressure of her son. After marriage, Kiran is madly in love with sikander but very soon his new face is revealed.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Maggie Sottero Bridal-Cambrie Cambrie-7MS960
- Brand: Maggie Bridal by Maggie Sottero
- Style #: Cambrie-7MS960
- Availability: Available to Order
This gorgeous ballgown features an embroidered lace bodice adorned in beading and Swarovski crystals, complete with beaded spaghetti straps, scoop neck, and illusion V-back. Asymmetrical tiers of Celia Organza in the skirt complete this unique look. Finished with crystal buttons over zipper closure.


text:
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Midnight Twilight: Edward's Story
I figure since no one knows when/if the amazing Mrs. Stephenie Meyer will finish and publish, Midnight Sun: Edward's Story, that it would be a good idea to write my own version of it. EPOV
I own none of the characters. Midnight Sun has not yet been finished or published so any similarities between this story and that one are merely coincadental. EPOV
1. First Sight (Through Edward's Eyes)
Rating 0/5 Word Count 2702 Review this Chapter
As I sat in my desk bored by the teachers dreadful lecture about the Civil War, I begin to lose myself in my thoughts. This has to classify as some form of slow torture. I said to myself, God (Weather there really was one or not, I wasn't sure.) must be punishing me for one of my several sins to put me through this. Although, I couldn't be sure which one of my ever growing list of sins I was being punished for. In all honesty, it didn't really matter, if there really was a heaven I was doomed to hell any way. Weather I missed something important in the lecture wasn't an issue for me ether. I had been through this lesson so many times through out my existence, I could teach this class myself, blind folded at that.
Damn it, I thought, There's that name again. That has to be the 100th time (If not more) that I've heard it today. For the past several weeks all anyone talked about was how exciting it was that Chief Swan's long lost daughter, Isabella, was moving back to Forks and would be attending Forks High School. I knew she must have arrived today because it had been one of those days where I wished I could just turn my gift off. If I hear the name Bella Swan out of the thoughts of one more teenage boy being controlled by his raging hormones, I'm gone to lose it. I thought silently to myself. I guessed she preferred to be called Bella, rather than Isabella, since that's what everyone seemed to be calling her, although I thought Isabella was nice name. I thanked god in heaven above (Just incase he was real and listening, I could use all the points I could get.) that I never had to go through that stage of my human life. The stage where every thought I would have had would have brought on by teenage hormones, who would want to go through that? I had been so wrapped up in my thoughts that the bell ringing for us to go to lunch actually startled me a little. I shoved my books into my back pack and made my way out the door to meet my family and head off to pretend to have lunch. Just another day in purgatory I thought.
As we sat silently at the table with our untouched food, it was there in that cafeteria that I saw the chiefs daughter for the first time. I knew it must be her because she was gawking at us, something the other students never did, out of fear because we were "different". It never bothered me though, because sure we we're different, that much is painfully obvious, but we we're also dangerous. Chief Swan's daughter was a little less than average height, slender and pale, almost as pale as myself, but not quite. She had long brunette colored hair that hung over her shoulders, and chocolate eyes with long lashes. She's very pretty in a plain kind of way, I thought. She didn't seem to be caught up in how she looked or dressed , unlike any of the girl I had known. Which were pretty much only Esme, Rosalie, and Alice, with the exception of the few women I met when we were in Alaska with the Delanie Coven. She sat at a table with Mike Newton , Jessica Stanly, and the rest of their friends. I got curious so I decided to try an hone in on her thoughts, to see if she was just as mindless as they were, but I heard nothing. What? I thought, as I tried even harder to hear her thoughts, still nothing. It seemed like the harder I was trying to hear her thoughts the less I was getting. Was I losing my gift? I begin to get very frustrated as I continued to try and hear her thoughts, but remained unsuccessful. I guess it was starting to show on my face because that's when Alice broke my concentration.
"What's with you, Edward?" she asked.
"Nothing, now quite." I snapped at her, she gave me a sharp look, and I knew she'd get me back for snapping her at her later.
"I'm sorry," I said to her, "I'm just thirsty is all." Which wasn't a lie, I hadn't been hunting in a while.
"How about we go on a hunting trip for a few hours tonight?" Jasper asked.
"Yeah sure, whatever." I said, obviously not paying any attention to him.
"What about you, are you in?" I heard Jasper ask Emmett before I turned my concentration back to the chiefs daughter and my unsuccessful attempts to hear her thoughts.
What the hell? Why can't I hear her thoughts? It was driving me crazy, I decided maybe I could get an idea of what she was thinking if I listen to the thoughts of those around her. I first tuned into Mike Newton's thoughts, which turned out to be very similar to every other guy in schools thoughts today,
"Wow, Chief Swan's daughter is definitely cute, maybe she'll go to prom with me." he thought.
Christ almighty she hasn't even been in town a day yet and guys were marking their territory. Maybe I could pick up on something in Jessica's thoughts, which usually were all about herself.
"Whats the big deal, why is everyone so caught up in Bella being here, she's just the chiefs daughter." she thought
Thank you Jessica, finally a human who was on the same page as me. Maybe Jessica wasn't as bubble brained as I had thought she was.
"She's not even that pretty", Jessica thought. I'm gone to have to disagree with you on that one, I said silently to myself as I continued to listen to her thoughts.
"And why is Mike looking at her like that? If she steals him from me I'm gone to make sure that high school becomes a nightmare for her. She can have any guy in the school that wants her, but Mike Newton is mines. Oh, I just hope he says yes when I ask him to the girls choice dance. Bella had better just back off."
Her thoughts than carried on into clothes and hair and other girl things that I didn't and probably never will understand. I guess maybe she was just as bubble brained as I had originally thought, and apparently very possessive over Mike. What the hell is gone on, was the chiefs daughter maybe one of us too, was that maybe why I couldn't hear her thoughts. No, that couldn't be it, I could hear other vampires thoughts, and if she were one of us we would have known.
"Why is she asking questions about Edward Cullen. Isn't enough she already seems to be trying to steal Mike, now she wants Edward Cullen too! Well good luck with that because he's already turned me down before, so I'm sure she wont get very far ether." I heard Jessica thinking.
I had to smirk at that thought, I guess she was still bitter about me letting her down last year when she asked me to the girls choice dance. I don't understand why though, I did it a very gentlemanly way. I guess I'll never understand women, especially human women. Although she did have a point, why was the chief's daughter asking questions about me? She was probably just curious about who the weird guy that was staring at her was. Not being able to see into her mind was really starting to piss me off.
The bell was getting ready to ring as myself and the rest of my family removed ourselves from the lunch room to prepare ourselves for the mindless babble we would be subjected to in our next classes. My next class was Biology II, the only class I didn't mind sitting through. I was the only student in the class who wasn't assigned a lab partner because there weren't enough students in the class. That was the way I liked it because there was no temptation close enough to me for me to give into it. Also, I really liked the teacher , Mr. Banner. Sure he dorky, but he seemed to have a passion for Biology that showed in his unique approach to teaching. I begin to walk toward my class, still trying to figure out why I couldn't hear the chiefs daughters thoughts. The bell begin to ring as I walked into class, I was so early the only people in the room were myself and Mr. Banner.
"Good afternoon Edward." Mr. Banner said to me, as I walked into class consumed by my thoughts. I was Mr. Banner's favorite student. If he knew the reason I did so well in his class was not because of his teaching skills, although he was a great teacher, but because I've been through this course over 90 times, if not more, it would crush him. The fact that I did so well in his class made him feel like he was doing his job right, which he was.
"Hello, Mr. Banner." I said as I walked over to my lab table, and other kids started to fill the room.
"I have some good news, you'll finally be getting a lab partner today." he said.
What!!! I screamed in my head.
"Chief Swan's daughter is joining the class today so, make her feel welcomed." he added
"Mr. Banner." I said, "I kind of prefer to work alone. Can you assign her with someone else?"
Please be able to assign her with someone else, anyone else I pleaded in my thoughts. Chief Swan and Carlisle were pretty good friends, and from what I knew about Chief Swan, he was a good man. I didn't want to lose my cool and hurt anyone, especially not the towns chief of police's only daughter.
"I'm sorry Edward, everyone else has a partner, that only leaves you." he said, "Besides look at the bright side, now you'll have someone to help you. You wont have to do all the class work yourself."
I let a sigh out as I took my seat. Ok you can do this I said to myself You've been around humans with out giving in for decades, why should she be any different?Besides maybe if you get to know her a little, you might be able to figure out why you cant read her thoughts.
Just then I saw Bella Swan walk into the room, with another girl named Angela from the class. I sometimes like to listen to Angela's thoughts because she was selfless. Most of her thoughts were about others and not herself, she was also a little on the shy side. I always thought if I could be friends with a human, I'd probably be good friends with her. As Angela walked pass me I gave her a friendly smile that she returned as she walked to her seat. I turned my attention towards Bella as Mr. Banner was signing her slip and telling her to take a seat next to me. Just then it hit me. There was a sever burning in my throat and I could taste the venom from my teeth on my tongue. Her smell was unlike any other human I had ever smelled, I had to have her. No, I thought. You can't, think of the others, Carlisle and Esme would be heart broken and disappointed if you broke your diet, and think of the effects if you expose the secret. I didn't realize it, but I was staring at her antagonistically as she walked over, placed her book on top of the desk and took her seat. I begin to lean away from her as much as I could, who does she think she is to tempt me this way, I said in my head I should talk to her, get her to meet me after school or something and then just take her. Why the hell am I fighting it so hard? I asked myself This is what I am, I'm a killer, a monster. No you can't I yelled at myself, you've worked too hard your not like other vampires, I told myself, don't screw up now. I then noticed I was sitting on the very edge of my chair, averting my face from her.
I must have looked like I smelled something bad, because out of the corner of my eye I saw her inconspicuously take a sniff her hair to make sure it wasn't her I was smelling. I laughed to myself at the irony of it because it was in fact the way she smelled that was the cause for my action, but she was dead wrong about thinking she smelled bad. She smelled incredible, unlike any human I'd ever smelled before. She then let the strand of hair she had sniffed fall over shoulder to make a curtain between us. It only made her smell more intense and at the point I decided it was best to just hold my breath so I wouldn't smell her at all. I was now sitting in a very stiff, uncomfortable position. My left hand balled into a fist on my left leg, tendons standing out under my pale skin. I staid that way the remainder of the class. Although this was my favorite class of the day, and usually went by the fastest for me, it seemed to drag on until eternity today. The bell finally rang and although my lab table was set to the middle of the room, I was out of my seat ,out of the door, and off to my next class, before anyone else was. God she smelt so good, how I was ever able to resist her, I'll never know.
As soon as the final bell rang for the day I went straight to the office. I had to get that class changed, before I ended up doing something really stupid. There was no way I would be able bare sitting next to her like that again. I had to do something. I walked into the office and saw elderly lady behind the desk.
"Hello, what can I do for you?" she said in a frail voice.
"Hi, I'm Edward Cullen I need to see if I can get a class changed on my schedule." I said
"So late in the year?" She asked as she typed my name into the computer.
"Yeah, it's just not enough of a challenge for me. Is there any way I can be placed in advance placement Biology II?"
"I'm sorry dear, but that class is full."
"Uh.. Is there any other way we can maybe switch a few of my other classes around?"
"I'm sorry there doesn't seem to be anything opened."
Are you freaking kidding me lady!! This schools not that big, there has to be something. I need to get out of that class before I ended up causing a massacre worst than any horror film imaginable!! I scream in my head. Just then the door opened behind me and the wind blew making her smell swirl around the room. I knew it was her with out looking, how could anyone resist that smell? She stepped to the desk and placed a note in the wire basket. She must have had to bring her slip back at the end of the day. My back stiffened and thoughts of ways I could lure her to follow me to a secluded area danced in my head, but I resisted them. Instead I turned slowly glaring at her for a second. In that moment I hated her. I didn't know her, but I truly hated her. I hated her making me want her so badly, for making want to throw everything I've worked for away. I turned back to the elderly lady and said,
"Never mind, then. I can see it's impossible" And when I turn this school into something that makes the movie Carrie look like something out of a Walt Disney film it will be all your fault, you blue haired old hag, I thought to myself as I turned with out looking at Bella again, and headed for the door.
- Author
- RockerChick62485
- Rating
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- Reviews
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- 1
- Published
- 16 Jan 09
- Updated
- 25 Jan 09
- Status
- In Progress


text: Phones are getting bigger and bigger with screens approaching ipad sizes. You cant bring a lamp into a session so I dont think it should be a birthright to hold up a bright sreen in the air and disturb those around you. Too many people thinking about later all the time, "capturing the moment" , think about your bredrin behind you and enjoy the moment. My 2 bits


text:
Mythbusting what racers and crew members think about torque wrenches
There's more to the nuts and bolts fastening the most critical components on your race car than simply getting them "tight enough." Bolts don't work by simply clamping down on something thanks to the pressure you apply twisting the nut. The steel can actually stretch a few thousandths of an inch. It's the elasticity of the steel trying to pull itself back to its original length that allows a bolt to provide a consistent clamping load. Plus, this constant pulling force that remains long after the wrench has been removed helps keep the nut from coming loose under the vibrations that come from racing.
So if you don't stretch a bolt enough when tightening the fastener, you won't get that "pulling" or retracting force on the nut. But if you apply too much force, the bolt will fail. The solution to making sure your most critical fasteners are tightened properly is to use a torque wrench.
In its most common form, a torque wrench simply measures the amount of twisting force, or "torque," that is required to twist a nut or bolt as it's tightened. It'sn't a perfect system because changes in friction can change your torque reading, while actual bolt stretch isn't affected by friction, but measuring torque is usually the only way to measure the amount of force being placed on a bolt or stud.
That's why a reliable torque wrench is one of the most valuable tools in any mechanic's toolbox. It does a job that other handtools can't, and because of that, mechanics and engine builders place a lot of trust in their torque wrench of choice. Maybe that's why there are so many myths surrounding these wrenches. Everything from how to store them to how they are best used.
For this article we discussed torque wrench technology and the best use practices for these specialized wrenches with Dan Eggert, Hand Tools Engineer with Snap-on Tools, one of the most trusted tool makers in racing, and Chris Raschke with ARP, which manufactures high-end fasteners and has done as much research and development on how torque affects fasteners as any company in the racing industry. We ran several of the most widely held myths past them to get not only their answers, but the reasons why.
A Torque Wrench That's Been Dropped Can't be Trusted
It's a fact of life that stuff gets dropped, knocked off workbenches, and generally treated to many different forms of abuse that they may or may not be able to handle. Knocking your ½-inch box-end wrench off the workbench is no big deal, but a torque wrench is a precision piece of equipment and should be treated as such.
One accidental drop to the shop floor probably isn't a big deal, but repeated drops can affect the wrench's calibration. This is true even if it doesn't show signs of damage. The easiest way to check your torque wrench is to check it against another wrench. Torque a bolt with one wrench and then try to torque the same bolt with the second wrench on the same torque setting. If the second wrench pulls the bolt down farther before marking the same amount of torque, you know one is off. Then repeat the same process with the order of the wrenches reversed.
Of course, this isn't exactly the most scientific method. Even if you have never dropped or otherwise abused your torque wrench, it's always a good idea to have it professional checked regularly. Professional shops normally have several wrenches and send them in for professional calibration every six months or so. If you use your wrench regularly, you should consider sending it in probably about once a year—or sooner if you suspect yours isn't working properly.
One of the advantages of purchasing a wrench from a professional tools company like Snap-on is that it has services like this in house. Eggert says Snap-on actually has facilities across the country that can check and recalibrate its torque wrenches. All you have to do is hand your wrench over to the Snap-on truck driver whenever he visits your shop (or you can flag him down) and he'll take care of it for you. Simple as that.
The Wrench Should Always Be "Unloaded" Before Storage
If you're using a mechanical click-type wrench, this one turns out to be absolutely true. A click-type torque wrench presses a ball into a detent that's held in place by a spring. The wrench is normally adjusted by twisting the handle on the wrench. Twisting it in compresses the spring and requires more torque to pop the ball out of the detent. This is how it measures torque.
But if the spring is stored with the wrench "loaded" or set for a high torque rating, the pressure on the spring can cause it to weaken over time. To protect the wrench it should always be returned to the lowest setting before storing it back into your toolbox. For big wrenches (measuring in ft-lbs increments) the lowest setting is usually 20 ft-lbs. If, for some reason, you have a click-type torque wrench that goes all the way down to zero, leave the wrench set to 10 or 20 pounds. You always want to keep a minimum amount of pressure on the spring so that the ball can't fall all the way out of the detent.
For other styles of torque wrenches, this isn't an issue. The newest digital torque wrenches use an electronic strain gauge to measure torque, so when the wrench is not in use the only thing you may need to do is remove the batteries so that there is no chance of corrosion ruining your expensive digital wrench.
Digital Wrenches Aren't as Accurate as Old-School Mechanical Wrenches
This one isn't true, and in fact, the truth may be quite the opposite depending on conditions. Mechanical wrenches normally depend on either the ball detent mechanism mentioned earlier or a beam that flexes as more torque is applied to the bolt. They are relatively simple mechanisms and dependable.
But that doesn't make them any more accurate than the most modern evolution of digital torque wrenches. Snap-on's TechAngle line of torque wrenches, for example, are all electronic and incredibly precise. They are capable of reading to a tenth of a pound of force, while most mechanical wrenches only read in one-pound increments. The TechAngle wrenches also ship with a Certificate of Calibration printed specifically for your wrench. For the wrench that we tested, no measurement was off by more than one percent (on a range between 50 and 250 ft-lbs) and most were less than one-half of one percent in variance.
Some mechanical torque wrenches use a beam scale or a dial indicator to indicate the torque. While accurate, these can also lead to user error because of a phenomenon known as "parallax distortion." That's a fancy way of saying "you ain't looking at it straight."
Parallax distortion happens when the viewer is observing the gauge at an angle. For example, imagine a needle on a round dial gauge pointed directly over the five on a scale of one to 10. Looking at the gauge directly head-on, the needle is obviously pointing at the five, but if you move your head to the side in one direction it may look like it's over the four (like in the picture to the left), and if you move your head in the other direction far enough the needle will look like it's instead pointing at the six. This can be a real problem with torque wrenches that use an analog gauge, especially if you're working in tight confines in your race car and can't position your head directly over the gauge.
This isn't an issue with click-type wrenches or those with digital gauges. But some wrenches with a digital readout have another advantage. The Snap-on TechAngle we tested will actually read back the maximum torque setting after the pull so that you can tell exactly how much torque has been applied.
A Torque Wrench Should Never be Used to Loosen Fasteners
This one is the truth. You might argue that if a torque wrench can handle tightening bolts to 250 ft-lbs, it should be able to reliably handle loosening that same bolt. And this is true, but when it comes to loosening a fastener you don't always know what's going to be required to get it loose.
After several heat cycles and the accumulation of dirt and grime that can coat everything in a race car, a bolt can gall against the threads and require a lot more torque to remove than was required to originally install. Most of us don't watch the torque when loosening bolts, so it's quite possible to exceed the maximum torque loading of a wrench when breaking bolts loose. The wrench will still function in terms of tightening or loosening bolts, but by exceeding its maximum torque limit loosening that tight bolt may have thrown off the calibration.
Adaptors Can Affect Your Readings
Yes and no. Whether you use a standard or deep socket isn't an issue. Neither are adaptors to fit, for example, a 3⁄8-inch drive socket on ¼-inch drive ratchet or even short extensions. But anything that moves the head, or pivoting point, of the torque wrench away from directly vertical to the fastener being torqued can affect your reading.
This includes wobble extensions, or crow's feet. Crow's feet extensions are necessary on some Chevy SB2 heads and other race-only cylinder heads that put a priority on port location and performance over ease of installation. If you find yourself in a situation where you must use some type of horizontal extension on your torque wrench, consult the manufacturer to see if it offers any means of compensating for the change in leverage.
Wrenches Can't Measure in 5-Pound Increments or Less
The answer is this statement is incorrect, but it still isn't a good idea to try to increase the torque on an already tightened bolt by 5 pounds or less.
For example, cylinder head bolts are normally torqued in three stages to help improve a consistent clamping load across the cylinder head. Conventional thinking says that these stages should be 10 to 15 ft-lbs apart. So, if you're installing heads on a Chevy small-block and the final torque value is 70 ft-lbs, then the bolts should be torqued to 40, then 55, and finally 70 ft-lbs.
Smaller increments can often lead to incorrect readings. For example, it's almost always a bad idea to take a bolt that has already been tightened to 65 ft-lbs and take it to 70. This is true, and if you find yourself in this situation, you should loosen the bolt and then retighten it to 70 ft-lbs.
Many people think the reason is because a torque wrench isn't able to measure the 5-pound difference in an already tightened bolt, but this is untrue. The truth is that a bolt that has already been tightened will usually have a breaking point (the amount of pressure that's required to get it moving again) that's higher than the amount that it has originally been torqued. So, for a bolt that has already been tightened to 65 ft-lbs, the force required to get it moving again could be 5 ft-lbs or more on top of the original 65.
The lesson here is that although your torque wrench is perfectly capable of reading the difference between 65 and 70 ft-lbs, if you ever need to change the torque on an already tightened bolt by less than 15 ft-lbs, first loosen the bolt so that it's in a relaxed state and start over.
With these myths now busted you're ready for years of reliable use from your torque wrench.


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At first glance, the t-shirts and hoodies at Kool Nerd Clothing look like anything else you might find online. But in reality, each piece of clothing unlocks the potential for a child in a high unemployment area to pursue a career in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Math (also known as S.T.E.A.M/S.T.E.M).
Mamaroneck resident Orane Barrett left his job as an investment banker to start the company, in operation since March 2016.
His reasoning? Unemployment in lower-income communities is three-times the national average while 500,000-plus S.T.E.M. jobs are currently unstaffed. His Kool Nerd Club (KNC), he said, was created to close that gap.
How, one might ask, does that work? KNC is basically a social-brand that operates on a "one equals one" model. It relies heavily on social media engagement as well as its app and word of mouth to drive action -- and awareness.
"As a social-apparel brand, one shirt sold unlocks one hour of mentoring/tutoring from a college student to a middle-school or high-school student in the areas of S.T.E.M. at a partnered Boys & Girls Club," explained Barrett.
"We've proven this model during our pilot phase this summer by sending five college students to the Boys & Girls Club of New Rochelle, based on early 2017 sales."
Barrett came up with the Kool Nerd name because, in his opinion, "Kool people don't conform."
"Without being defiant, they find creative ways of creating their path," he said. "However, a nerd is a person that is passionate about a certain subject. Combined, a Kool Nerd is a person that pursues their passion (nerd) without conforming (kool)."
And indeed, his Kool Nerd Movement Tour -- think a speaking engagement plus college readiness workshop-- is growing. It is currently sponsored by Microsoft.
The Kool Nerd Movement is the second arm of his brand which includes direct interaction with students in lower-income communities.
"Through our public-private sponsorship model, sponsors support us to bring our movement to students, at no cost to schools, districts, or taxpayers," he explained.
KNC is presently in Harlem and plans to be in Flatbush, Brooklyn by February 2018.
Go to www.koolnerdclub.com for more information.
Click here to sign up for Daily Voice's free daily emails and news alerts.


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About Us
The world faces complex environmental problems that endanger our well being, security and future. Environmental complexities resist straightforward solutions, so the UCL Environment Research Domain will draw on the breadth of our expertise to facilitate cross-disciplinary approaches. The UCL Environment Research Domain builds on the work of the UCL Environment Institute and provides a platform for researchers to collaborate on cross-disciplinary activities which challenge and enrich our understanding of the world around us.
The UCL Environment Research Domain will bring together the breadth and depth of environmental expertise at UCL, and beyond, aiming to:
help to form and support academic communities in aspects of environmental research
develop new environmental collaborations and partnerships, within and beyond UCL
provide development opportunities for early career environmental researchers.
The domain will complement and draw upon existing cross-disciplinary initiatives, whether institution-wide (such as the UCL Grand Challenge of Sustainable Cities) more focused activities such those of UCL Civil, Environmental & Geomatic Engineering, the UCL Energy Institute, UCL Geography and the UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources, and partnerships across the wider academic community like the London NERC Doctoral Training Partnership.
How can I join this domain?
If you are a member of UCL academic staff, simply select the IRIS Environment Research Theme when you complete/update your IRIS profile.
Co-Chairs of the Environment Domain are Prof Nick Tyler (UCL Civil, Environmental & Geomatic Engineering) and Prof Dan Osborn (UCL Earth Sciences).


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|If a boat departs from a harbor and during its voyage successfully replaces every single part, is what eventually docks by all rights the same boat? Similarly, if every cell in our bodies is regenerated every seven years, is it still the same body? While I can't attest to the Biological accuracy of that last example, the question remains: can I rightly call "Cities" the second Downer Party EP?
Forget everything you've ever heard about The Downer Party- who made a name for themselves with 2009's irreverently lighthearted pop debut "Ego Driven Lust Creatures." Since that release, the band has undergone a complete metamorphosis of membership, resulting in a very different kind of project. This Downer Party, arguably distinct from the one we met in 2009, emerges anew with "Cities"- a departure into more contemplative waters, leaving in its wake a richer and more textured sound.
The EP is at once a love letter to and about cities, speaking aptly about places that can also be people, and indeed a metaphor for self. "Cities" was executed start to finish by the band in Churchill's basement, which in and of itself might fail to impress, until one recalls Frost's veteran career of label representation; this marked decision to work in an insular manner demonstrates the band's commitment to- and consumption with- the growth of the project. The opening track, Country Kids, is an eat-your-heart-out for any San Franciscan, superimposing visions of empathy and idiosyncrasy against the vibrant backdrop of our city. The drums on the song Chicago, which you can listen to here, cleverly mimic a beating heart, at once aligning the physiology of the listener with the music and stripping away their skin with the track's starkly raw intensity. The thesis of the EP, succinctly summarized by the final line of the final (and title) track, reads "and how can it be, that we live with those we love in different cities." Thoughtful lyricism throughout sheds light on complex relationships between people and the places they find themselves, real or imagined. The maturity of these observations is all the more impressive when one considers that their author, Sierra Frost, is still a few months shy of 21.
Still, in discussing the differences between this new Downer Party and the last, one must also recall the similarities. Frost's showmanship remains unparalleled in its charm, poise, and self-effacing wit. She has defined herself as a performer with a particular and characteristic sense of humor, the distinctness of which is surpassed only by her musical style. The Downer Party have a remarkable ability to enrapture any audience in their performance, uplifting even the most jaded mass to a state of experiential reverie. Pay attention at their next show: Frost makes fleeting eye contact with members of the crowd, and with the slightest eyebrow raise, she'll let you in, if only for a moment, to her world of anthropomorphic landscapes and post-ironic humor.
I feel confidant saying that "Cities" will soon catapult to the top of the KUSF charts- oh wait...
You can get a sneak peek of the tracks from "Cities" at the Bottom of the Hill on Friday, February 25th, where the Downer Party will be performing them live as a part of Noise Pop.
SEE ALSO: "Cocaine" by the Downer Party
written and photographed, except where noted, by Roisin Isner, music editor
contributing editor: Anneliese Cooper
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Recipe Summary
Delicious and comforting… serve alone for breakfast or warm and top with a scoop of vanilla icecream for dessert.
Recipe Servings: 9 portions
Recipe Preparation Time: 0 minutes
Recipe Cook Time: 50 minutes
1 1/2 cups all-purpose flour
1 teaspoon baking soda
1 teaspoon cinnamon
1 egg
1/2 cup sugar
1 1/2 cups mashed ripe banana (3-4 bananas)
1/4 cup Lucini® Estate Select® Extra Virgin Olive Oil
1 teaspoon lemon peel, shredded
Heat oven to 350 degrees about 10 minutes before baking.
Line 9 by 5-inch baking pan with foil and oil with one tsp of extra virgin olive oil.
Mix and set aside the flour, baking soda, and cinnamon.
With electric mixer, beat together on high, 1 minute the egg, sugar and mashed bananas.
Add and beat for two minutes the remaining extra virgin olive oil and lemon peel.
Add dry to wet mixture and beat just to moisten. (Optional: mix in 1/2 cup chopped pecans or walnuts). Pour into prepared pan and bake 50 minutes or until pick inserted in center comes out clean. Makes 1 loaf.


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Toby Hadoke's Who's Round 151 (December #03)
17 December 2015
Categories: Doctor Who - The Companion Chronicles, UNIT, Doctor Who - Fourth Doctor Adventures, Drama Showcase, Doctor Who - 50th Anniversary, Toby Hadoke's Who's Round, Podcast, General Big Finish News
In 2013 actor, comedian and TV expert Toby Hadoke was challenged to interview someone connected with every televised Doctor Who story in 12 months. And having finished that challenge, he's still going! Here's the first of the new run for free as a podcast or download...Listen
Halloween - Frankenstein, Survivors, Sherlock Holmes, Doctor Who (October #2)
31 October 2014
Categories: UNIT, Doctor Who - Fourth Doctor Adventures, Big Finish Bargains, Survivors, Doctor Who - Philip Hinchcliffe Presents, Sherlock Holmes, Gallifrey, Doctor Who - Special Releases, Doctor Who - Main Range, Doctor Who - The Companion Chronicles, Sapphire & Steel, Big Finish Classics, Podcast, General Big Finish News
Nick Briggs and Ian Atkins are back. But where's Sue? Alarmingly, she is mysteriously replaced by brand new production assistant Joe Smith (fresh out of his hibernation podule). Together, they read your letters, play some trailers and fight a fridge (with Joe proving particularly good at fridge fighting)...Listen
Doctor Who: UNIT Dominion (December 2012 #3)
17 December 2012
Categories: Doctor Who - Main Range, Doctor Who - Short Trips, Doctor Who - Special Releases, UNIT, Doctor Who - Fourth Doctor Adventures, Doctor Who - Bonus Releases, _New To Big Finish?, Podcast, General Big Finish News, Stop Press
The first of our Christmas podcasts is a chance for any of you who haven't yet caught up with Doctor Who: UNIT Dominion to have a listen, for free, to the first half of Part One...Listen
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CHICAGO, IL - The Chicago Fire Soccer Club today announced a strategic partnership with Grand Rapids-based Rangers Soccer Club to form the Michigan Fire Juniors. The Michigan Fire Juniors become the eighth member of the Chicago Fire Juniors family and fourth club outside of the Chicagoland area. Since 2008, the Fire's youth development program has grown from 400 to over 6,000 across seven states.
"Establishing a presence in Michigan is another important step for us," said Chicago Fire Vice President of Soccer Operations Guillermo Petrei. "Our partnership expands the Fire brand and reach for talent in our region, while providing skilled players in West Michigan and an opportunity for further development and aspirations for our first team."
The Chicago Fire Juniors program was formed to train area youth in a professionally run environment and has since expanded to include branches in Chicago, Florida, Indiana, Mississippi, Louisiana, Kentucky and now a re-established presence in Michigan. Through the CFJ program, players from eight-years-old up to 18-years-old receive professionally developed curriculum to help build skill and knowledge of the game. The Juniors program has seen direct results, including the first team signings of Chicago Fire Juniors product Victor Pineda in 2010 and Mississippi Fire Juniors product Kellen Gulley in 2011.
"Our club has a reputation for developing players in West Michigan," said Michigan Fire Juniors President Greg Besteman. "Our new relationship with the Fire will take this program to another level and will give our coaches the tools to teach and our players the technical skill needed to advance in the game."


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Get 15% OFF Your Next Order
The best deals come to your inbox. Sign up for GEMPLER'S emails to get exclusive offers and first dibs on hot new products!
The Enduraplas 300-gal. Tree Sprayer has a high-pressure pump letting you to spray up to 50' vertically and 55' horizontally for the reach you need to spray trees and other tall spray jobs. The 11.7-hp Honda GX390 engine and diaphragm pump deliver up to 18 gpm at 725 psi. This Enduraplas 300-gal. Tree Sprayer includes 100'L x 1/2" I.D. high-pressure spray hose coupled to a high-pressure, long-range spray gun. Manual hose take-up reel. Low-profile, pin-mounted tanks have volume markings and integral sumps for complete drainage of unused spray material. Refill the tank from any water source with the extra large fill opening. Rigid galvanized steel frames and handling bars provide stability for lifting and anchoring. 96"L x 46"W x 36"H. 495 lb.View all sprayers and parts


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Sam Haig
|Greenwich, Conn.
|High School:
|Brunswick Academy
|Previous College:
|Berkley College
2010-11 Season (Sophomore): Finished the season with a 3-1 record… Helped Yale to a 9-0 victory over Brown with a win at No. 8…
2009-10 Season (Freshman): Finished the season with a 5-0 record at the No. 7, No. 8, and No. 10 positions…
Before Yale: Captain of Brunswick Squash Team that finished No. 2 at 2009 Nationals ... No. 1 in New England.


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Elizabeth's Story
The Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation was born from the most powerful force of all: a mother's love for her children.
Elizabeth Glaser contracted HIV in a blood transfusion in 1981 while giving birth to her daughter, Ariel. She and her husband, Paul, later learned that Elizabeth had unknowingly passed the virus on to Ariel through breast milk and that their son, Jake, had contracted the virus in utero.
The Glasers discovered, in the course of trying to treat Ariel, that drug companies and health agencies had no idea that HIV was prevalent among children. The only drugs on the market were for adults; nothing had been tested or approved for children.
Ariel lost her battle with AIDS in 1988. Fearing that Jake's life was also in danger, Elizabeth rose to action. She approached her close friends, Susie Zeegen and Susan DeLaurentis, for help in creating a foundation that would raise money for pediatric HIV/AIDS research.
The Pediatric AIDS Foundation had one critical mission: to bring hope to children with HIV and AIDS.
Elizabeth made her first trip to Washington in 1988, when she met with President and Mrs. Reagan, representatives at NIH, and members of Congress. In 1989, the Foundation held its first fundraiser and awarded its first grant for research on the immune dysfunctions in children living with HIV. Dozens more Washington trips and research grants followed.
Elizabeth lost her own battle with AIDS in 1994, and to honor her legacy, the Pediatric AIDS Foundation was renamed the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation (EGPAF). Under this name, EGPAF has become the leading global nonprofit organization dedicated to preventing pediatric HIV infection and eliminating pediatric AIDS through research, advocacy, and prevention and treatment programs. Elizabeth's legacy lives on in her son, Jake, who is now a healthy adult.
Check out these resources to learn more about Elizabeth Glaser:
- The Glaser family's remarkable story In The Absence of Angels is available in both hardcopy and audiobook formats.
- Watch Elizabeth's stirring speech at the 1992 Democratic National Convention.
- Elizabeth sat down with ABC News anchorwoman Diane Sawyer in 1994 for a deeply personal interview on Primetime Live. Watch the replay here.
About the EGPAF Logo
In 1988, Ariel Glaser painted how she envisioned the world — as a beautiful garden kept bright with sunshine and surrounded by love. Her inspiration serves as the EGPAF logo, representing hope for children everywhere.


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access your medical records
Health Library
Nutrition & General Wellness
An abdominal ultrasound is a procedure used to assess the organs and structures within the abdomen (belly). This includes the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, bile ducts, spleen, kidneys, and abdominal aorta. Ultrasound allows your healthcare provider to easily view the abdominal organs and structures from outside the body. Ultrasound may also be used to assess blood flow to abdominal organs.
An abdominal ultrasound uses a handheld probe called a transducer. It sends out ultrasonic sound waves at a frequency too high to be heard. When the transducer is placed on the belly at certain locations and angles, the sound waves move through the skin and other body tissues to the organs and structures of the belly. The sound waves bounce off the organs like an echo and return to the transducer. The transducer picks up the reflected waves. These are then converted into an electronic picture of the organs.
Different types of body tissues affect the speed at which sound waves travel. Sound travels the fastest through bone tissue, and moves most slowly through air. The speed at which the sound waves are returned to the transducer, as well as how much of the sound wave returns, is translated by the transducer as different types of tissue.
Before the procedure, clear, water-based gel is applied to the skin. This allows the transducer to move smoothly over the skin. It also helps remove any air between the skin and the transducer.
An ultrasound can also be used to assess blood flow within the belly. The ultrasound transducer that does this contains a Doppler probe. The Doppler probe evaluates the speed and direction of blood flow in vessels by making the sound waves easy to hear. The degree of loudness of the sound waves indicates the rate of blood flow within a blood vessel. Absence or faintness of these sounds may mean there is a blockage of blood flow.
Abdominal ultrasound may be used to assess the size and location of organs and structures in the belly. It can also be used to check the abdomen for conditions such as:
The size of the abdominal aorta can be measured by ultrasound. This may be done to detect an aortic aneurysm. This is a ballooning and weakening of the blood vessel. Stones in the gallbladder, kidneys, and ureters may also be found with ultrasound.
Abdominal ultrasound may be used to guide needles used to biopsy. A biopsy is the removal of a piece of abdominal tissue for testing. Abdominal ultrasound is also used to drain fluid from a cyst or abscess.
This procedure can be used to assess blood flow within the belly.
There may be other reasons for your healthcare provider to recommend an abdominal ultrasound.
There is no radiation used and generally no discomfort caused by moving the ultrasound transducer over the skin. Ultrasound may be safely used during pregnancy or in people with allergies to contrast dye, because no radiation or contrast dyes are used.
There may be risks depending on your specific medical condition. Be sure to discuss any concerns with your healthcare provider before the procedure.
Certain factors or conditions may interfere with the results of the test. These include:
An abdominal ultrasound may be done on an outpatient basis or as part of your stay in a hospital. Procedures may vary depending on your condition and your healthcare provider's practices.
Generally, an abdominal ultrasound follows this process:
While the abdominal ultrasound procedure itself causes no pain, having to lie still for the length of the procedure may cause slight discomfort, and the gel may feel cool and wet. The technologist will use all possible comfort measures and complete the procedure as quickly as possible to reduce any discomfort.
There is no special care needed after an abdominal ultrasound. You may go back to your usual diet and activities unless your healthcare provider tells you differently.
Your healthcare provider may give you other instructions after the procedure, depending on your particular situation.
Living a healthy lifestyle can help you enjoy all life has to offer. Balance is a wellness e‑newsletter that offers:
Sign up for Balance today
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Tasting Room
Guglielmo Winery is located at 1480 East Main Avenue, Morgan Hill, CA. The winery is less than 20 minutes south of San Jose, 1 hour south of San Francisco and 45 minutes from Monterey.
Hours of operation
Our Tasting Room is open daily from 10am-5pm. There is $10 per person tasting fee, of which $5 is refundable with a wine purhase of $20 or more ($5 refund excludes Christmas at the Winery Event). We extend a 10% discount on wine purchases to all armed services active duty personel and veterans. The Tasting Room is closed major Holidays including: New Years Day, Easter, July 4th, Thanksgiving and Christmas Day.
Group tours are offered at the winery, with advance reservations. The personally-tailored guided tour includes a walking tour of the facility, overview of the wine-making process, a peek at the popular Villa Emile Event Center, and the tasting of 5 Guglielmo wines. The cost is $15 Per Person for Tour and Tasting. Private parties of 10 or more require reservation, please call 408-779-2145. Tasting fees are not refundable for parties of 10 or more.
We also offer a Military or Armed Forces discount of 10% on all purchases made at the winery. One's Military ID card will need to be presented in order to process the discount and we thank you for your service!
If you need any information regarding the winery, events, winery tours, etc., please feel free to contact us or call the winery at +1 408 779 2145.
Getting here
Guglielmo Winery is located at 1480 East Main Avenue, Morgan Hill, CA. The winery is less than 20 minutes south of San Jose, 1 hour south of San Francisco and 45 minutes from Monterey.
Get directions
Visiting Guglielmo Winery's Tasting Room and Gift Shop is like taking a step back into Old Italy. Large wooden beams, stone walls and terracotta tile provide a relaxing backdrop to enjoy tastings of the Guglielmo family's award-winning wines. The Tasting Room and Gift Shop is filled with an array of specialty food products, authentic Italian specialties, clothing, wine accessories, unique gifts and so much more. We also offer monthly wine specials in the Tasting Room.


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Forward feature Karinehnyc from LOS ANGELES ISSUE 735
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Din download af Mageia5-MCC-pt_br.epub bør starte indenfor få sekunder (download size is about 10 MB). If the download does not start, click here.
This mirror.dacentec.com download mirror is located in Lenoir (the USA). If it does not work well for you, check out these other mirrors. Din IP-adresse er 188.8.131.52 og du ser ud til at være i the USA, North America.
The making and the distribution of Mageia worldwide is made possible by all the people and organizations that mirror our software and that donate money, hardware, hosting and more.
Vil du hjælpe? Deltag!


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One Life to Live: What Happened in Llanview This Week?
May 3, 2013 12:02 PM EDT
The revamped version of One Life to Live made its online debut this week, so what exactly went down in Llanview? (Short answer: A lot!) Let's recap: Both Victor Lord Jr. (Trevor St. John) and Todd Manning (Roger Howarth) are back in Llanview, so you… Read more


text: Bella has a terrible cough and some sneezing. We originally thought it was kennel cough but after antibiotics she still had it, (this was about 2 1/2 months ago. Then the vet said it was because she was teething. I took her back to the vet and he said she has allergies that cause the cough so I gave her Periactin and it didn't help. Now I am giving her Clarantine and there has been a minor improvement. Does anyone else give antihistamines to their dog? What has worked for you?


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|Jepson Flora Project: Jepson Interchange
previous taxon |
next taxon
Jepson Interchange (more information)
©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
Annual to shrub or vine (generally per in CA)
Leaves basal, cauline, or both, generally alternate, entire to compound; stipules generally small
Inflorescence: head, raceme, panicle, or flowers solitary; peduncle bractlets 2
Flower generally bisexual, generally bilateral; sepals 5, free to slightly fused, generally persistent; petals 5, free, lowest generally spurred or pouched at base; stamens generally 5, alternate petals, filaments short, wide, anthers surrounding ovary, adherent or fused, often with nectaries at base, often with membranous appendage at tip; ovary superior, chamber 1, placentas 3, parietal, ovules generally many, style 1
Fruit: generally capsule, 3-valved, generally explosively dehiscent
Seeds generally appendaged
Genera in family: 15 genera, 600 species: generally temp, worldwide; some cultivated as ornamental; some Eur species medicinally useful as emetics, diuretics, purgatives
Reference: [Brizicky 1961 J Arnold Arbor 42:321333]
Annual or perennial herb < 35 cm, glabrous to hairy
Leaf entire to compound
Inflorescence: flower generally solitary, axillary
Flower bilateral; sepals subequal, appendaged at base; petals unequal, lowest spurred or pouched at base, lateral 2 equal, generally spreading, often hairy near base, upper 2 equal, erect; lower 2 stamens with nectaries projecting into spur
Fruit: capsule, ovoid to oblong
Etymology: (Latin: ancient name)
Reference: [Clausen 1964 Madroño 17:173197]
Cleistogamous flowers generally present. Seeds often dispersed by ants that feed on seed-appendages.
Plant 630 cm
Stem appearing 0 early, generally later ascending to erect from short, erect rhizome
Leaves simple; petiole < 200 mm; basal blade 2085 mm, generally widely (ob)ovate; cauline blade 20100 mm, elliptic to generally ± ovate, ± irregularly toothed or wavy-margined, hairs 0 to dense, base tapered to subcordate, tip acute or obtuse
Inflorescence: peduncle 40180 mm
Flower: petals yellow, lowest (including spur) 1220 mm, deep yellow, lower 3 veined brown-purple, lateral 2 bearded, upper 2 sometimes purple or brown outside
Fruit 611 mm, glabrous to hairy
Chromosomes: 2n=36, 48
Ecology: Moist to dry soil, grassy slopes, meadows, yellow-pine forests
Elevation: 5002400 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, Cascade Range n&c High Sierra Nevada, Warner Mountains
Distribution outside California: to sw Canada, Montana, Colorado
Complex; needs study
Horticultural information: TRY.