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An Ottawa historian's discovery of a 19th-century manuscript previously unseen by scholars has shed new light on the 1867 unearthing of "Champlain's Astrolabe," the navigational instrument famously — though controversially — believed to have been lost by French explorer Samuel de Champlain during his pioneering journey up the Ottawa River exactly four centuries ago this year.
The 13-centimetre-wide, 629-gram circle of brass, repatriated from a U.S. collection in 1989 for $250,000 by the Canadian Museum of Civilization, is widely considered one of country's most important and evocative historical artifacts — though there is no direct proof it ever actually belonged to Champlain, the 17th-century founder of New France.
And Carleton University historian Bruce Elliott's discovery of an 1893 document penned by Capt. Daniel Cowley — an Ottawa Valley steamboat entrepreneur who had been a key part of the astrolabe saga when it was found 26 years earlier — appears to strengthen the case against Champlain's ownership of the object.
Elliott acquired Cowley's writings at an auction of 19th-century manuscripts once owned by an early Canadian researcher and biographer, Henry Morgan. In Cowley's handwritten reminiscences about operating the Muskrat Lake steamboat service in the Upper Ottawa Valley during the mid-1800s, he offers fresh details about the astrolabe's discovery and early handling — including the fact that the relic was in his own possession for a time.
"It was in my desk on the steamer for some months afterwards," Cowley notes.
Some researchers assert that the astrolabe was likely left behind by a Jesuit missionary as part of a traveller's supply cache, a theory bolstered by the fact that the device was apparently found with a set of communion cups. Yet Elliott and most other scholars don't rule out the possibility — however slim — that the astrolabe might have been owned by Champlain, who bypassed a rough stretch of the Ottawa River in June 1613 by portaging along a trail near present-day Cobden, Ont.
That's where the astrolabe was found in August 1867, amid the upturned roots of a felled tree, by 14-year-old farmboy Edward Lee. At the time, he and his father were clearing bush for a road serving the Muskrat Lake steamboat service about 150 kilometres northwest of Ottawa.
Lee gave the astrolabe to Charles Overman, a steamboat pilot who worked with Cowley. When Overman later moved to a new job in Pembroke, Ont., "he took the instrument with him there," Cowley states in his unpublished memoirs, "and (I) do not know how it was finally disposed of, or who got it."
The artifact eventually wound up in the collection of a wealthy American antiquarian, who willed it to the New York Historical Society in the 1940s. The astrolabe was dramatically acquired by the Canadian Museum of Civilization in June 1989 on the eve of its official opening.
At the time, the new museum's director, George MacDonald, called the astrolabe "a national icon," and then-communications minister Marcel Masse described it as "a sacred part of our history" and "a symbol of the discovery of our land."
Elliott and a team of Carleton University history students have produced a museum exhibit on the astrolabe that highlights Cowley's manuscript as an intriguing new chapter in the epic story of the artifact — a replica of which once went into space with Canadian astronaut Julie Payette, symbolizing the nation's enduring spirit of exploration.
The exhibit, titled "Whose Astrolabe? Provenance and Cultural Ownership of a Canadian Icon," is showing at Pinhey's Point museum in west-end Ottawa until the end of August and is also scheduled for display at Carleton this fall, all part of the 400th anniversary commemoration of Champlain's 1613 voyage along the Ottawa.
Cowley's memoir "provides additional evidence about the instrument's mysterious origins," Elliott and his team conclude, "but most importantly, Cowley situated the astrolabe within a broader discussion of French and indigenous activity in the Ottawa Valley, rather than specifically with the story of Champlain."
Cowley's casual referencing of the astrolabe as just one of many historic and prehistoric artifacts exposed during 19th-century bush clearing around Muskrat Lake suggests any number of French travellers could have left it behind, Elliott told Postmedia News.
"In the 19th century, they always wanted to pin these objects on the well-known figures, and it becomes a real symbol of Champlain," he said.
"But I think the real importance of the (Cowley) manuscript with regards to the astrolabe is the fact that he sees it as one of a number of artifacts," Elliott added.
"It could very well have been a passing Jesuit who cached it there. But could it have been Champlain? Sure, it might have been — but it might not have been, too. The thing is, the focus on Champlain has helped to give it fame, and the object has helped to give Champlain fame. But no matter whose it was, it's still an absolutely wonderful artifact."


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Morgard needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 160 designs submitted by 42 freelance designers.
The company is a solution to all your payment reminder needs. We can text, email or call to remind anyone when their bills are do. Simply set up your data and never be late again.
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Summer of Content interns/Summary
From OLPC
Get paid to develop free content in an area you're passionate about - in fact, you'll be designing your own projects and writing your own job descriptions for the term. You'll be paired with an experienced mentor who can introduce you to people and guide you through the process, so if you've always wanted to contribute to open content but didn't know quite how to start, this program is for you. And at the end, you'll have a finished project you can proudly show off in your portfolio. (>>more...)


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TCM Archive Materials VIEW ALL ARCHIVES (0)
|Also Known As:
|Justin Drew Bieber
|March 1, 1994
|Cause of Death:
|Birth Place:
|Stratford, Ontario, CA
|songwriter, singer
Biography CLOSE THE FULL BIOGRAPHY
Unlike the chart-toppers who graduated from "American Idol" (Fox, 2002-16) or the bubblegum pop stars groomed by the Disney Channel, Justin Bieber's talent and wholesome appeal was purely homemade. The Canadian singer became a worldwide sensation after teen girls discovered videos he had posted on YouTube.com where he performed pop and R&B cover songs. Singer and songwriter Usher took Bieber under his wing and mentored him all the way to becoming a pop phenomenon who not seen since a young Michael Jackson took center stage with The Jackson 5 some 40 years earlier, inciting similar preteen pandemonium. Bieber became the first solo artist in Billboard Hot 100 chart history with four songs in the Top 40 prior to the album's release. His debut album, My World (2009) went platinum within weeks, while the young singer entertained young and old with performances on everything from "Christmas in Washington" (TNT, 2009), where he sang for the President and First Lady, and at the 25th anniversary re-recording of "We Are the World" where Bieber took his rightful place next to the biggest names in the music industry. While topping the charts with Believe (2012) and its lead single "Boyfriend," Bieber quickly...
Unlike the chart-toppers who graduated from "American Idol" (Fox, 2002-16) or the bubblegum pop stars groomed by the Disney Channel, Justin Bieber's talent and wholesome appeal was purely homemade. The Canadian singer became a worldwide sensation after teen girls discovered videos he had posted on YouTube.com where he performed pop and R&B cover songs. Singer and songwriter Usher took Bieber under his wing and mentored him all the way to becoming a pop phenomenon who not seen since a young Michael Jackson took center stage with The Jackson 5 some 40 years earlier, inciting similar preteen pandemonium. Bieber became the first solo artist in Billboard Hot 100 chart history with four songs in the Top 40 prior to the album's release. His debut album, My World (2009) went platinum within weeks, while the young singer entertained young and old with performances on everything from "Christmas in Washington" (TNT, 2009), where he sang for the President and First Lady, and at the 25th anniversary re-recording of "We Are the World" where Bieber took his rightful place next to the biggest names in the music industry. While topping the charts with Believe (2012) and its lead single "Boyfriend," Bieber quickly became fodder for the tabloids, thanks to his rocky romance with Selena Gomez and numerous run-ins with trouble, all the while maintaining his place as one of the music industry's biggest teen stars whose "Belieber" fanbase seemed to grow stronger, larger and more intense with each passing year. After a period where his tabloid antics completely overshadowed his music, a more mature Bieber quieted the haters with a string of singles that even won over many of his most vociferous critics.
Justin Drew Bieber was born on March 1, 1994 in Stratford, Ontario, Canada. Raised by his single mother, Pattie Mallette, the future star was an avid hockey and soccer player, but amazingly taught himself how to play the piano, guitar, trumpet and drums. Bieber also dabbled in singing until age 12 when he got serious and entered a local talent competition. Though he only placed second, the experience provided the future star with the desire to entertain for a living. With his mother's help, Bieber began posting videos of himself on YouTube in 2007 where he covered songs by Stevie Wonder, Usher, Justin Timberlake and Ne-Yo. The videos were initially filmed so that out-of-town family and friends could watch Bieber's performances. The homemade videos started getting more and more views - mostly from teen girls who in Bieber, foresaw a future heartthrob - until they eventually caught the attention of various music industry insiders. One of these was Scooter Braun, former marketing executive for the record label So So Def Recordings.
Through his YouTube videos Braun saw Bieber's star potential and began managing his career. He flew his young client to Atlanta, GA for a meeting with singer, songwriter and actor Usher. Impressed by Bieber's natural talent and charm, the R&B star set up an audition for Antonio L.A. Reid, the Chairman and CEO of Island Def Jam Music Group. Another of Bieber's musical idols, former boy band member-turned-legitimate superstar artist Justin Timberlake met with the teen singer around the same time and was interested in signing him to his record label, as well. A bidding war reportedly ensued between the two camps until Bieber eventually chose Usher as a mentor and signed with Island Records. Even though they kept their home in Stratford, the singer and his mother moved to Atlanta to start working on his debut album. Bieber's YouTube videos were still receiving millions of views without there being a single or music video in rotation anywhere. However, MTV invited Bieber to be a presenter at the "2009 Video Music Awards," which boosted his mainstream exposure.
Bieber's up-tempo single "One Time," released in July 2009, reached the Top 20 on Billboard's Hot 100 charts. His following three singles - "One Less Lonely Girl," "Love Me," and "Favorite Girl" were all released within two months and sold exclusively on digital music giant iTunes. The barrage of hits only boosted Bieber's profile and earned him a place in Billboard history. The Canadian singer became the first solo artist to enter the Top 40 of the Hot 100 charts before an album's release. On Nov. 17, 2009, Bieber's debut album, My World was finally released. That same day, the singer treated his fans to a free concert at Universal Citywalk in Hollywood. Hundreds of squealing teenagers flocked to catch a glimpse of Bieber performing songs off My World, including the hit single "One Time." The record label also included special "golden tickets" in a few copies of the album which guaranteed the lucky winners various prizes - from a walk-on role in a Bieber music video to a private concert with the teen heartthrob. The singer's brand of urban pop - inspired by the musical styles of his mentor Usher and idol Timberlake - helped the album reach platinum sales both in the U.S. and his home country. That same month, Bieber took the United Kingdom by storm when he opened for Taylor Swift's sold-out concerts in London.
However, not all of Bieber's public appearances worked out as smoothly as his team had planned. In November 2009, thousands of fans showed up to Roosevelt Field Mall in Long Island, NY for a "meet-and-greet" with the singer. While waiting for his arrival, the crowd of over 3,000 crammed inside the shopping center and the situation careened quickly out of control. Some young fans were reportedly injured and hospitalized as local police units were called in to handle the mob of excited teens and angry parents. Authorities banned Bieber from entering the building and arrested Island Records senior vice president James A. Roppo for getting in the way of the police. The singer encouraged fans to go home after finding out about the cancellation and apologized for the situation via the social networking site Twitter.com. Roppo later pleaded not guilty to all charges.
The unfortunate incident in Long Island did little to hurt Bieber's career nor his status as a teen sensation. The singer's wholesome appeal propelled him all the way to the White House for the TNT holiday special, "Christmas in Washington." Bieber performed the classic tune "Someday at Christmas" for a highly esteemed audience that included President Barack Obama and first lady Michelle Obama. A few days later, the young star rang in the New Year as a performer at "Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest" (ABC, 2009). In January 2010, Bieber made his debut on music's biggest night, where he introduced Bon Jovi's performance at the "52nd annual Grammy Awards" (CBS). The day after the Grammys, he joined some of the most legendary names in music - including Celine Dion, Kanye West and Barbra Streisand - for a remake of the 1985 hit "We Are the World." The track was re-recorded by contemporary artists as well as some of those involved with the original recording to celebrate its 25th anniversary and to raise money for victims of a devastating 7.0-magnitude earthquake that had hit Haiti earlier that month. The music video for the 2010 version of "We Are the World" debuted during the opening ceremony of the Winter Olympics (NBC, 2010). Reviews for Bieber's inclusion in the song and video were mixed. True music lovers were appalled; the Clearasil crowd was clearly pleased.
In March 2010, My World 2.0 - the second part of Bieber's LP debut - was released. The album's lead single, "Baby," a melodic collaboration between the young singer and rapper Ludacris, stormed the charts. The duo united on stage to perform "Baby" during the televised concert "SOS Saving Ourselves: Help for Haiti" (BET, 2010), which also benefited relief efforts for the Haiti earthquake. That same year, Bieber made his film debut in the made-for-television feature, "School Gyrls" (Nickelodeon), making a cameo in the Nick Cannon-directed movie about a real-life girl group, and even landed two guest spots as a fictional character on the crime procedural "CSI: Crime Scene Investigation" (CBS, 2000-15). After releasing My Worlds Acoustic (2010), Bieber was featured in the 3-D concert film, "Justin Bieber: Never Say Never" (2011), which took in a strong $98 million at the box office worldwide. Around this time, months of media speculation that he was dating Disney actress Selena Gomez were confirmed when the young twosome were spotted together at the 2011 Vanity Fair Oscar party. Something of a tween power couple, the pair were perpetually followed by the tabloid press which photographed and videotaped virtually their every move.
From there, Bieber released his second album, Under the Mistletoe (2011), a Christmas album that featured his take on a handful of Yuletide classics as well as a few originals. The album debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard charts and went on to sell over a million copies. His next album, Believe (2011), marked a departure from his previous sound, with Bieber adopting heavier beats and more mature content. Despite a mixed critical reception for both the album and its popular lead single "Boyfriend," Believe again debuted at No. 1 and sold over one million units. But as his success was reaching new heights, Bieber began generating negative headlines in 2011 when he gave a photographer the middle finger outside his 17th birthday party, prompting a quick apology to fans via Twitter. Similar bird-flipping incidents occurred later in 2011 as well as the following year. In mid-2012, Bieber was in a physical confrontation with a photographer trying to take pictures of him and Gomez, while two months later he was pulled over on the Ventura Freeway in Los Angeles after being clocked by the California Highway Patrol doing in excess of 100 miles per hour. With city officials calling his actions reckless, Bieber claimed that he was trying to outrun a particularly aggressive paparazzo and later was charged with two misdemeanors.
As Bieber embarked on his "Believe" tour in September 2012, word emerged that he and Gomez were splitting after nearly two years of dating. Though they would reconcile briefly, the tween couple officially called it quits in January 2013. That was the same month Bieber had his most tragic paparazzi moment when photographer Chris Guerra was struck and killed by an oncoming car after racing across the street to take a picture of the star inside his vehicle. Bieber was not inside the car at the time. Following a notable appearance on "The Ellen DeGeneres Show" (syndicated, 2003- ), Bieber was both the host and musical guest of a February 2013 episode of "Saturday Night Live" (NBC, 1975- ). Meanwhile, things went from bad to worse when he was caught allegedly smoking a blunt with rapper Lil Twist - a man many close to Bieber believed to be a negative influence on the teen - outside a Newport Beach, CA hotel room in early January 2013. The so-called Bieber pot scandal sparked a blazing media storm as the artist vaguely apologized on Twitter yet again. Two months later while on tour in London, he lunged at a photographer while yelling obscenities, requiring his security detail to physically restrain him. The incident came after a rough patch that saw Bieber fainting backstage at the O2 Arena and later showing up two hours late for another performance. After a spate of increasingly negative media stories, Bieber deliberately withdrew from the spotlight for a time. As a result, the lead-up to the 2015 release of his fourth album, Purpose, felt in some ways like a public apology tour. His appearance as the guest of honor for a Comedy Central Roast seemed calculated to present a more humble, mature artist, as did cameo roles in the films "Behaving Badly" (2014) and "Zoolander 2" (2016). Still, a string of assault and dangerous driving charges in Canada and Argentina kept his name in the tabloids. However, his 2015 single "What Do You Mean?" became his first American Number One hit in September 2015. The follow-ups "Sorry" and "Love Yourself" followed to the top of the chart, as did the album Purpose, which introduced more reflective lyrics and heartfelt vocals than Bieber had been previously known for.
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Pain Management in Children with HIV/AIDS
July/August 1997
A note from TheBody.com: The field of medicine is constantly evolving. As a result, parts of this article may be outdated. Please keep this in mind, and be sure to visit other parts of our site for more recent information!
A five-year-old boy enters the hospital and remains curled in a fetal position, face to the wall, refusing to talk. Medical interventions to treat the reason for the admission are instituted, but the child remains withdrawn. Given the stage of illness, a trial of round-the-clock pain medication is given, and he begins to get up, go to the playroom and enjoy life again.
A three-year-old girl, finished with the physical exam, chooses an animal pop-up book to "read" while the phlebotomist prepares to draw blood. Grandma sits with the child in her lap asking about all the animals, distracting the child's attention away from the procedure. After a moment's focus upon the needle "stick," she exhales a deep breath to "blow the hurt away" and the procedure is over. With a hug from Grandma and the technician, the child replaces the book and waves good-bye 'til the next visit.
Children with HIV/AIDS experience pain throughout the course of the disease. Initially, periodic pain associated with procedures may be tantamount, but as disease progresses and children reach the end of life, pain and pain management become more complex. Historically, pain in children has been underrecognized, underreported and undertreated (Schecter, 1991; Eland, 1977). For children living with HIV, history is repeating itself.
There has been little research done in the area of pediatric HIV and pain. Although there are few reports in the literature, clinicians who have cared for large numbers of children with HIV recognize pain as a serious problem. In adults with HIV, pain is a frequently reported symptom during all stages of disease (O'Neill & Sherrard, 1993; Hewitt, 1997). Patients report headaches, mouth and throat pain, chest pain, myalgia (muscle ache), peripheral neuritis, arthralgia (joint pain) and the pain associated with medical procedures (O'Neill & Sherrard, 1993; Lebovitz, 1989; Singer, 1993). Like patients with cancer and other diseases, pain in patients with HIV has been severely undertreated (Breitbart, 1996).
A few studies document that children with HIV also have similar types of pain. Hirschfeld et al. (1996) reported a pain incidence of 59% in 61 children with HIV infection as compared to an incidence of 47% in children with cancer. Types of pain experienced by children with HIV include headache, abdominal pain, oral cavity pain, neuromuscular pain, peripheral neuropathy, chest pain, earache, odynophagia (pain while swallowing), myalgia and arthralgia (Czarniecki, 1993).
Yet barriers to recognition and treatment of pain are considerable. Despite increasing research to the contrary (Anand, 1987), myths regarding children's pain persist. Some clinicians continue to believe that children do not experience pain. The belief that nerve cell myelination was incomplete in infants and young children has resulted in the erroneous assumption that children do not experience the same kind or intensity of pain as adults, and therefore do not need the same pain prevention (anesthesia) or pain relief (analgesia). A second myth is that children do not remember painful experiences. "The sooner we get this over with, the sooner he'll forget" is a common attitude when performing painful procedures. Anyone who has witnessed a three year old begin to cry at the sight of the hospital entrance knows that children do remember and associate their pain.
A third myth is that children cannot tell where it hurts. It is true that children may not have the same vocabulary, and much of what is communicated may be nonverbal, but using reliable pain assessment tools (such as the Eland coloring tool) allows children to communicate the location, frequency and intensity of their discomfort. As children, clinicians and family members become increasingly familiar and competent in the use of such tools, a better understanding and subsequent management of children's pain can be expected. Pain assessment should be as routine a component of data collection as vital signs.
The assumption that children who watch TV, play or sleep must not be in pain is also a myth. As with adults who distract themselves from noxious stimuli, so do children find a way to focus attention away from the pain. Sleep, unfortunately, is a too common remedy used by children to escape from pain.
Managing PainThe effective treatment of pain in children with HIV/AIDS can be challenging. Developing an appropriate pain management strategy may include pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic (complementary) therapies tailored to a child's age, development, culture, type of pain and past experience.
Specific barriers can sometimes hinder clinicians. Children may be nonverbal because of age or neurologic complications, and cannot self-report their pain. But even when the children do express themselves, parents and health care professionals may deny a child's pain because it represents progression of disease. Also, families who have a history of substance abuse may be very resistant to the use of opioid analgesics for fear of addiction.
Effective pain management requires several essential components. First, pain must be recognized. Pain is whatever the child says it is and wherever the child says it hurts. When there is a reason to suspect pain, but the child is unable to communicate due to age or cognition, a trial of pain management should be offered. Using the example of the five-year-old boy, it is clear that the responsibility for considering pain as the source for signs of depression is the clinician's. Children express pain in a number of different ways. Besides crying, grimacing or thrashing about, children with chronic pain may simply become withdrawn, quiet, depressed, inactive and anorectic.
Secondly, pain should be treated even as the underlying cause is being determined. Reluctance or refusal to medicate a child in acute pain for fear of "masking the symptoms" is neither ethically acceptable nor medically indicated. The family of a child doubled over with acute abdominal pain should expect that a correct diagnosis will be based upon appropriate medical and laboratory evaluations and not solely on a pain assessment. Even when a specific diagnosis for pain is elusive, which is not uncommon for children with HIV, pain relief is essential.
Lastly, the backbone of good pain management is the appropriate use of analgesics according to a pain ladder (Pediatric Supportive Care/Quality of Life Committee, 1995). The following is based upon the World Health Organization guidelines.
Certain adjuvant medications such as anticonvulsants and antidepressants have been found useful for neuropathic pain. Hydroxyzine, which can help with nausea, also has an analgesic affect and can reduce the amount of opioid required. Side effects of opioids such as nausea, constipation, itching and drowsiness should be anticipated and treated aggressively.
Families must be educated about the difference between physical dependence and addiction. The clinician needs to explore with the patient and family the meaning of pain to them and their previous experience with pain and pain medications. In families where substance abuse exists, the issue must be discussed directly with them and there must be mutual understanding and agreement about the giving of opioid prescriptions.
Anticipating and preventing pain, rather than alleviating existing pain is the goal of appropriate pain management. "Round-the-clock" as opposed to PRN (as needed) dosing maintains a constant analgesic level. The goal is to attain maximum pain relief with minimum side effects. Once pain relief has been attained, it is essential that the schedule be continued and not reduced because the child is now pain-free.
Coping TechniquesPain is more than a physiologic response to a noxious experience. If we again consider the three-year-old who bursts into tears at the sight of the hospital, it is clear that the discomfort is more than the moment of the needle stick associated with a blood draw. Recognizing that anticipatory anxiety has a profound impact on the child's quality of life, appropriate interventions to decrease the fear associated with the painful procedure should be instituted.
Strategies to meet this need are primarily based upon the child's developmental level. Infants and young children respond to distraction techniques such as bubbles, pop-up books or pinwheels. As children become older, visualization techniques such as imagining the pain controlled by a switch which the child can "turn down" may assist in coping with chronic pain. Visualizing the sights, sounds and smells of a visit to Grandma's house may allow the child to relax, thereby decreasing the muscle tension associated with acute pain. More sophisticated interventions, such as altering the level of consciousness and attaining a deep state of relaxation through hypnosis require professional training but can make a significant impact on pain control, particularly for children with chronic pain.
Nonpharmacologic interventions can be enormously successful but should never be used in place of appropriate pharmacologic pain management. The use of a topical anesthetic, such as EMLA cream, 2.5 grams applied to the venipuncture site 45 to 60 minutes before the painful procedure (as in the example of the three-year-old) will avoid the development of anticipatory anxiety since the pain will be eliminated. In the meantime stress management techniques can be applied to return control of the experience to the child.
Recognizing, assessing and treating the acute and chronic pain associated with HIV disease in children is frustrating and time-consuming. But successful interventions are both possible and necessary and offer incalculable rewards.
ReferencesAnand KJS, Hickey PR. The New England Journal of Medicine. November 19, 1987; 317(21):1321-9.
Breitbart W et al. Pain. May-June 1996; 65(2-3):243-9.
Czarniecki L et al. PAAC Notes. 1993; 5:492-5.
Czarniecki L et al. Pain in HIV/AIDS (48-52). Washington, D.C., France-USA Pain Association.
Eland JM, Anderson JE. The experience of pain in children. Pain: a Sourcebook for Nurses and Other Health Professionals. Boston, Little, Brown, 1977.
Hewitt DJ et al. Pain. April 1997; 70(2-3):117-23.
Hirschfeld S et al. Pediatrics. September 1996; 98(3 Pt 1):449-56.
Lebovitz A et al. Clinical Journal of Pain. September 1989; 5(3):245-8.
O'Neill W, Sherrard J. Pain. July 1993; 54(1):3-14.
Pediatric Supportive Care/Quality of Life Committee of the NIAID's Pediatric ACTG, (1995). "Enhancing supportive care and promoting quality of life: clinical practice guidelines. Pediatric AIDS and HIV Infection: Fetus to Adolescent," 6, 187-203.
Schecter N. Pediatric Clinics of North America. August 1989; 36(4):781-4.
Singer BJ et al. Pain. July 1993; 54(1):15-9.
A note from TheBody.com: The field of medicine is constantly evolving. As a result, parts of this article may be outdated. Please keep this in mind, and be sure to visit other parts of our site for more recent information!
This article was provided by Gay Men's Health Crisis. It is a part of the publication GMHC Treatment Issues. Visit GMHC's website to find out more about their activities, publications and services.


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County Agent II
Cooperative Extension of Somerset County
Rutgers New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station
310 Milltown Rd.
Bridgewater, NJ 08807-3587
Phone: 908-526-6293
Fax: 908-704-1821
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Since joining Rutgers University in 1999, Nick has been nationally recognized for his leadership and educational initiatives in training arborists and other tree care professionals, Green Industry workforce development programs, distance education for consumer and commercial audiences, and volunteer management. He currently serves as statewide coordinator for the Rutgers NJAES Master Gardener Program. Nick holds an M.S. in Horticulture/Urban Forestry (1989), and a B.S. in Natural Resource Management/Forestry (1982), both from Rutgers University. Areas of expertise include urban and community forestry, street tree management, christmas tree and nursery production, landscape IPM, and public relations


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Note for babysitters:
Small pieces of hard vegetables (like celery and carrots)
can be a choking hazard for very young children.
Don't serve this recipe to kids under age 4.
Prep time: about 10 minutes
Serves: 1
Serving size: 1 veggie bowl
Nutritional analysis (per serving):
93 calories
3 g protein
1 g fat
22 g carbohydrate
4 g fiber
0 mg cholesterol
98 mg sodium
71 mg calcium
0.7 mg iron
Note: Nutritional analysis may vary depending on ingredient brands used.
Reviewed by: Allison Brinkley, RD, LD/N, CNSC
Date Reviewed: 04-11-2015


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The best chocolates to woo your loved one
What's better than a brownie? A customised brownie! East Village's artisan Italian bakery Signorelli can personalise each brownie with up to ...
Signorelli: E20's Gold Medal Brunch
Despite opening less than six months ago, Signorelli Bakery and Pasticceria is already a favourite of locals in the area.
The Signorelli Bakery
It has in its short life already become a local's favourite.  ...
Sourdough - £70 3 hr
Artisan sourdough culture is a story of true love, we will explain the science behind this bread and share our secret to make your own 100% natural sourdough at home. You will go home having learnt how to grow your own natural yeast, how to fold, prove, rest and enable the right spring in your breads. Includes a glass of wine and apperitivo style dinner.
Italian bread £70.00 3.5hr
Italian bread was developed to accompany simple flavorsome dishes. It is fluffy and airy with the use of extra virgin olive oil and fresh herbs; this type of bread is great for home cooking. We will also show you how you can use alternative and traditional flours to get your ideal result. I Includes a glass of wine and apperitivo style dinner.


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The Miami Intermodal Center (MIC) Program is financially balanced each year through FDOT's Five-Year Work Program process.
Having been previously designated by the federal government as a Project of National Significance, and now a Major Project due to its current $2.0 billion price tag, the MIC Program was eligible to apply for and receive two loans under the Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (TIFIA), which was included in the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA21). Other major funding sources include various state and local sources, and private sector fees and charges.
The first TIFIA loan for $269 million was closed on June 9, 2000. On July 3, 2006, FDOT prepaid the first loan in the amount of $17.1 million ($15 million in actual loan draws plus accrued interest). FDOT replaced the first TIFIA loan with a more competitive 0% interest internal loan through the State Transportation Trust Fund (STTF). The second TIFIA loan closed on April 29, 2005, in the amount of $170 million. An additional $100 million was requested and approved in August 2007, bringing the total for the second loan to $270 million, the proceeds of which were used to design and construct the consolidated Rental Car Center.
Other Major Funding Sources Include:
Click here to view financial reports: 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007
| 2008/2009
| 2010| 2011| 2012
| 2013


text:
John ETF needed a new print or packaging design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 26 designs submitted by 8 freelance designers.
We are marketing a conference exhibit booth for a high tech company selling a very high-end software computer chip design product.
This postcard targets potential attendees to a conference. These potential attendees do semiconductor design (Integrated Circuit (IC) and System-on-Chip (SoC) design). Their job is difficult and we offer a product that is helpful to many of them. They receive many emails and some post mail drawing them to conventions, we need to be better then the other advertisements they receive in-order to capture their attention.
Need a simple but pithy 5.5 x 8.5 postcard to notify the designers we have a software product they may want / need to do their job better and more easily. A simple front of card (some brainstormed graphic and text ideas are attached). Text is supplied for back of card, feel free to improve upon it. Main goal of postcard is to get recipient to 1) visit our website and then 2) visit our booth at the conference. There are two logos that need to be squeezed onto the back. See attached files. Graphics are for ideas only, please be creative with other graphics.
Needs an address and stamp area on back per "Back v1 - PCM Mailing" at http://www.postcardmania.com/submit…s&group=22


text:
I wanted to let our readers know that ITI will be launching a new publication on January 2013, entitled, Online Searcher: Information Discovery, Technology, Strategies. The semi-monthly publication combines two prestigious titles, ONLINE and Searcher, into one journal. Online Searcher will feature articles written by practitioner experts as well as columns by knowledgeable information professionals. Marydee Ojala is the editor-in-chief andBarbara Quint is the senior editor.
Online Searcher will provide current and new subscribers with the information they need to effectively manage online research projects, conduct successful searches, determine the utility of the latest technologies, assess the worth of new resources, avoid platform pitfalls, and create services to boost value.
According to editor-in-chief Marydee Ojala, "As a practitioner-written publication, we provide a real-world perspective. Online Searcher, with its expanded coverage, strengthens the publication and makes it even more relevant to librarians, information professionals, and the information industry."
To acknowledge the important role Searcher has played over the past 20 years, Information Today, Inc. will make the December 2012 issue free of charge at the Searcher website.
Online Searcher will retain the volume numbering of ONLINE, with 2013 being volume 37. The ISSN will change to 2324-9684. For the editorial calendar, advertising rates, and subscription information, visit the website.


text:
Moreno Valley, CA; Paris, France - July, 15th 2004 - Mandrakesoft
today announced the availability of a new update service aimed at
helping corporates to keep their systems up-to-date: Mandrakeonline
provides a wide range of valuable services for easily taking care of
all updates on a range of Mandrakelinux systems, at a low cost.
Mandrakeonline combines advanced built-in Mandrakelinux updating
capabilities with a unique online service which provides the following
- Perfect system security: Mandrakeonline provides automated software
updates including security patches, bug fixes and errata notices. All
updates are based on a machine's specific hardware configuration and
installed software.
- Notification of updates: Mandrakeonline can alert users on
availability of updates by e-mail and by an applet notification on the
- Automatic updates: With automatic software updates there is no need
to worry about manual updating of the Mandrakelinux systems. All
networked Mandrakelinux systems can be managed from one
Mandrakeprofile and lets the administrator keep a track of the status
of all the machines on the network.
- Flexible scheduled updates: The complete history of all updates can
be viewed by full log access and a personalized page at
With the new Mandrakeonline, a simple mouse click or a single command
is enough to update a Mandrakelinux system with security updates and
bug fixes. Updates can be scheduled for a convenient time, such as at
night when the computer has sufficient free resources.
"An advanced update service was requested for a long time by
Mandrakelinux users. With Mandrakeonline we are offering a service
which is efficient, full-featured and also easy-to-use", said François
Bancilhon, CEO of Mandrakesoft. He added "We're very confident that
Mandrakeonline will be quickly recognized by corporate users as an
example of a reference quality-service in this field".
Mandrakeonline is now available to all Mandrakelinux 10.0 users.
Mandrakeonline subscription fee is as low as: 21.95 USD / 19.90 EUR
per year.
Mandrakelinux Club Silver Members and above get free and unlimited
access to Mandrakeonline.
A full description of Mandrakeonline, including screenshots and subscription form, are
available at:
Subscribe now at:
Press contact:
Gaël Duval (press at mandrakesoft dot com)
About Mandrakesoft
Mandrakesoft is the publisher of the popular Mandrakelinux operating
system, one of the most full-featured and easy to use Linux systems
available. The company offers its enterprise, government and
educational customers a complete range of GNU/Linux and Open Source
software and related services. Mandrakesoft products are available in
more than 120 countries through dedicated channels and also from
Mandrakestore.com, the company's online store. Number 1 in several
countries, Mandrakesoft has won many awards for quality and technical
innovation. "Born on the Internet" in late 1998, Mandrakesoft has
offices in the United States and France. Mandrakesoft is traded on
Paris Euronext Marché Libre (ISIN Code: FR0004159382/MLMAN; Reuters
code: MAKE.PA) and the US OTC market (stock symbol MDKFF).


text:
Secrets of Henry VIII's Palace
|Episode Description
|Tuesday, Jul 2, 2013 - 7:00 PM
Hampton Court Palace reveals the story of two palaces: a Tudor structure, developed by Cardinal Wolsey and later Henry VIII, alongside a baroque palace built by William III and Mary II. Although Henry VIII had more than 60 houses by the second half of his reign, none were more important than this one. All six of his wives came to the palace where the king built, in succession, new quarters for each one. He also provided tennis courts, bowling alleys and pleasure gardens. G
Mountain Time
|More Secrets of Henry VIII's Palace on IDAHO (MT)
Tuesday, Jul 2, 2013 - 7:00 PM
Tuesday, Oct 22, 2013 - 7:00 PM


text:
Customer Hot-Line: US: +1-888-372-3498 EU: 44-800-652-4112
Glossy finish
Martin Fields uses a gloss finished LCD protective filter that enhances colour reproduction and keeps images looking sharp. This is done by allowing more light to pass through, showing the screen vibrant and vivid colours. Other filters with anti-glare features make use of diffused reflection to eliminate reflection. These sometimes reduce image clarity and affects colour reproduction which may result in a dull and blurry screen.
Scratch resistance
Impact damage from keys, coins & pens can damage fragile LCD screens and cause premature display failure. Martin Fields patented scratch resistant coating protects from daily damage, whilst providing exceptional durability even during extended use.
Clearer than window glass
Exceptionally clear, designed to allow maximum light transmittance, whilst reducing monochromatic abnormalities, giving enhanced colour reproducibility and image sharpness. Polarised anti-glare coating helps to reduce eye strain when using Martin Fields screen protectors. Other screen protectors use diffused reflection to reduce glare, resulting in lower colour reproduction and dull monochromatic colouration.
Reduces fingerprints and smudge
Martin Fields screen protectors uses a special surface coating that reduces fingerprints and smudges on the screen surface that occurs through normal usage. Any fingerprints and smudges that appear can be easily wiped away.
Tactile feel
The improved textured finish on all Martin Fields screen protectors make them perfect for use with stylus based devices. Papered texture provides increased friction when using a stylus, to enable the stylus to be more accurate and prevent slipping.


text:
White House Benghazi photo looks like lies?
Exclusive: Andrea Shea King covers investigation into possible shenanigans
The White House public relations staff was busy last week. While President Obama was splashing about and savoring shaved ice during his Hawaiian vacation, the administration's PR machine released a couple of official White House photos. The first showed a pensive president examining his shoelaces while ostensibly being told about the Newtown massacre.
The second photo shows Obama huddled with his assembled consiglieres to discuss the other massacre – the attack on Benghazi. However, this photo is raising questions.
As is now the norm, the "new media" are doing the work the "traditional" media is not: analyzing the photo against published facts, comparing previous "official" statements, researching and noting inconsistencies.
Inconsistencies like this one, which asks, "If the attack began at 3:30 p.m. (D.C. time), 9:30 p.m. (Benghazi) – then what was happening at 7:30 p.m. when this picture was taken? Obviously POTUS was not situationally aware. Was this the 'first' notification of the crisis? Yet it is a full four hours after the attack began."
"It's twilight outside, so this is close to sunset on September 11th," the bloggers at The Conservative Tree House continue. "The vehicles are noted through the window and you can tell it is twilight. Sunset was 7:22 p.m., with end of civil twilight at 7:49 p.m. on Sept 11th, 2012. The metadata embed shows the picture was taken at 7:26 p.m.
"So this picture was taken four hours after the firefight started, and they are not in the 'situation room,'" they continue. "We know the video & audio feed from the Benghazi faux-State Dept. consulate was live; So, simultaneous to this photograph it was 1:26 a.m. Benghazi Time. That is the exact time (1:30 a.m.) the rescue team of Navy SEALs Tyrone Woods and Glen Doherty arrived back in the CIA annex with the body of Sean Smith."
There are lots more questions related to this photo, including if it actually depicts what the White House says it does.
"But can you fake a birth certificate?"
Former House Speaker Nancy Pelosi used the wizardry of Photoshop to include a few female Democratic members of Congress into a formal photograph, raising more than a few eyebrows and placing Madame Pelosi on the defensive.
All this prompted writer and graphic artist Oleg Atbashian, a Ukrainian émigré, to mock the image with one of his own.
The creator of the satirical website ThePeoplesCube.com, accompanied the image with this bit of cloaked wisdom: "You see, photography is not meant to record history, but rather communicate the truths the party seeks to communicate to the people. The party must alter photographs and even documents in order to teach the people how to correctly think about history and present circumstances."
Birds of a feather?
The headline at Politico reads: "Google dodges bullet as FTC closes probe." How did that happen? With millions spent by Google on lobbying and two years on the case.
Google walked away with "a slap on the wrist" and "an agreement to restrict its use of smart phone patents and a voluntary change in how the most dominant search engine on the web behaves and handles advertisements."
Meanwhile, Google's CEO Eric Schmidt, who recently turned down an opportunity to run the U.S. Treasury or some other cabinet post of his choosing, will be visiting the North Koreans as early as this month. Reports indicate the trip would be a first by a top Google exec to a country with an iron grip on Internet accessibility.
The North Koreans are looking to revolutionize their science and technology capability. It remains to be seen if Schmidt will attempt to convince the regime to allow its people access to the rest of the world through cyber connectivity.
Storm watchers
Google ran its Street View camera cars through Hurricane Sandy ravaged neighborhoods, which might be a boon to homeowners fighting with insurance companies.
A Google spokesman said, "We hope this accurate, updated imagery that will soon be available in Google Maps will help people around the world better understand the extent of the damage and the importance of coming together as a community to aid in the recovery efforts."
In other Google news, a new web app uses its Street View to show where Instagram photos are taken.
Conversely, a different smart phone app that shares photos that self-destruct is the latest obsession of teens and senders of "naughty" pics. Snapchat has fended off a challenge from Facebook's "Poke" and has been in the App Store's Top Ten for a few months.
"The free app's disposable photos mark it out against rivals such as Instagram, one of last year's most-hyped apps. The sender sets a time limit after photos are viewed of 10 seconds or less, after which the image is deleted," reports CNBC.
"Pay for content?"
The BEASTly Andrew Sullivan, leftwing columnist, is about to find out if people will. Sullivan announced he's leaving BEAST to start a subscription site of his own at a cost of $19.99 a year. Sullivan wrote, "To be honest, we didn't know where to set the price – we have almost no precedents for where we want to go – but $19.99 seemed the lowest compatible with a serious venture."
The new endeavor goes live February 1.


text:
Tattoo Symbol Index - A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Tattoo designs - B >> Bodhi Tree
Bodhi Tree - Buddhist Tattoo Meanings - The Bodhi Tree, symbol of Buddha's enlightenment, is a reminder of the ultimate human potential that lies within us all. 'Bodhi' in the Sanskrit language, means 'fully awake'.
Let us explain this further:
Prince Siddhartha Guatama, said to have lived some 2500 years ago on the northern plains of India, abandoned his life of luxury and privilege - not to mention his wife and child - and began wandering the countryside in search of eternal truths. Frustrated after years of living as an ascetic with nothing to show for it, he committed himself to sitting in complete stillness until he 'woke up'. There he would stay, meditating under a Bodhi tree until he realized the true nature of suffering and existence. The rest is history, or myth, but in any event, the origins of a religion of compassion that thrives to this day.
As well as symbolizing 'enlightenment', the Bodhi tree is synonymous with the very place of Buddha's awakening, Bodhgaya, India. It also represents our human evolution towards liberation from endless reincarnations in which suffering is inescapable. Buddha's tree is also sacred because of its age. At the site of Buddha's enlightenment, a descendent of the original tree is said to be growing today. And at some Buddhist centres around the world, offshoots of the famous Bodhi tree can be found.
The Bodhi tree as a symbol was already popular in India, so that elevating the Bodhi tree, or its leaf to sacred status was not a great leap of faith, belief or imagination for most people. In the third century BC, India's King Ashoka bolstered the Bodhi tree's reputation by converting to Buddhism and practising his meditations under the original tree. His Queen, failing to appreciate the subtler points of his time-consuming conversion, had the tree chopped down, in an attempt to regain the attention of her beloved. Ashoka is said to have nourished the remaining stump and its roots with milk, and the tree revived, eventually growing once again to its full stature again. His daughter became a Buddhist nun and transplanted a cutting to a garden in a monastery in Sri Lanka, where it stands today as the oldest continually documented tree in the world.
Buddha, the original Prince Siddhartha Gautama, never intended for his enlightenment to metamorphisize into a religion complete with dogma and prayers. He was sure, however, that his experience would be helpful to others. Whatever wisdom he left behind was intended to be used as a guide for anyone who truly yearned to triumph over the suffering of this world and achieve a state of 'Nirvana'. A potent beginning is simply to appreciate the ultimate wisdom symbolized by the Bodhi tree.
As such a Bodhi tree tattoo design is a powerful symbol indeed.
Get inspired by some great images and photos in our Buddhist Bodhi Tree Inspiration Gallery
See also: Buddha Tattoos, Religious Tattoo Index, Conch Shell Tattoos, Buddhist Knot, Parasol Tattoos, Buddha's Footprint Tattoos, Begging Bowl, The Empty Throne, Three Jewels, Buddhist Tattoo Index
Tattoo Symbol Index - A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
|Celeb Tattoos | Facts & Stats | Designs & Symbols | History | Culture | Links | Tattoo Galleries | Contact


text:
✅ Pictures Verified!
I am known for being very fun and easy to get along with. I would make a good
choice if you are looking for GFE (girlfriend experience) or someone to stay with you
for a long period of time.
✅ Pictures Verified!
My name is Bae, but most people call me Baby so I can be your baby and call you daddy because I like older men very
much. The older the better! I am a fun, polite girl in Bangkok. I speak good English and like to take care man.
✅ Pictures Verified!
My friends Avril and Migael encouraged me to to come join the fun. I am younger and full of passionate energy! I am available to travel anywhere in Thailand if you pay my travel. Please see my Services section for a complete list of services offered and my Rates page for rates.
✅ Pictures Verified!
Hello! my name is Tia. I live in Pattaya but am available to travel anywhere in Thailand. I work as a Dentist assistant have to work 07:00 - 19:00 (7:00 AM - 7:00 PM) every day from Monday - Saturday. Sunday's are my day off. So I am only able to meet when I am not at work.
✅ Pictures Verified!
Hi, My name is summer and I came to this website because my friend Ploy recommended it as a great way to meet interesting men in Bangkok. Seems she was right about that as she met a great man right after and has since left the collective to pursue a relationship with him! I have met a few clients here and have really enjoyed all of my meetings so far! I love travel and dining out so Im sure we will have lots of talk about if you take me out!
✅ Pictures Verified!
One of my friends was listed
here so I thought I'd give it a
try. I welcome all bookings. I
prefer short time bookings but
will consider all. I am very
easy to get along with and I
know we'll have a great time
✅ Pictures Verified!
I am a real university student and also work so I don't have a lot of time but I am available. Please only serious bookings with no cancellations as I am a busy girl. Because of my classes, my typical availability schedule is below.
✅ Pictures Verified!
My name is Galla, but my friends all call me the life of the party as I like to have fun and enjoy
life. I can be a little shy at first when meeting new people but doesn't take me long to open up and really express myself
inside and outside the bedroom.
✅ Pictures Verified!
Hello, I'm Candy. My friends Sophia and Migael told me about this website and how they really liked working with the other girls here so I thought I would give it a shot and now here I am! I am based in Pattaya but a quick trip
up to Bangkok is very easy if you pay my taxi and I am also available to travel anywhere else in Thailand you would like to go if you pay for my travel beforehand.
We specialize in helping make your dreams come true by introducing you to real and beautiful Thai college and university girls. All the girls listed are real and verified real. No heavily PhotoShopped pictures allowed! No agencies! All the girls are fully independent but take part in our cooperative to help manage their bookings, but they don't work for us--they are independent.
For your safety, minimum age of the girls is 21 and we have received, checked, and copied IDs for each girl listed so you will have no problems getting them safely into your hotel room.
Below is a list of hotels we know from experience to be girl-friendly. You should have no problems getting any of us into these hotels as we have stayed at these hotels with other clients without any problems. This is not a complete list of girl-friendly hotels, but only a list of places we have stayed. More are added as we stay at them. If you have a suggestion to add to the list just let me know.
Amari Atrium Bangkok Hotel - 1800 New Petchburi Road, Bangkok 10310, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2718 2000
Amari Boulevard Bangkok - 2 Soi 5 Sukhumvit Road Bangkok 10110. Phone: +66 (0) 2255 2930. Semi-friendly in that they don't mind, but will charge you an extra 1,000 baht per day for a guest to stay in your room.
Amari Watergate Hotel - 847 Petchburi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2653 9000
Anantara Bangkok Riverside Resort & Spa - 257/1-3 Charoennakorn Road, Thonburi, Bangkok 10600, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2476 0022
Ascott Sathorn - 187 South Sathorn Road, Yanawa Sathorn, Bangkok 10120, Thailand.
Baiyoke Sky Hotel - 222 Soi Ratchaprarop 3, Ratchaprarop Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2656 3000
Banyan Tree Hotel - 21/100 South Sathorn Road, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2679 1200
B.B. Garden Resort - Tara likes this hotel. 1169 Soi Ratchadaphisek 3 (Soi Chinese Embassy) Ratchadaphisek Rd. Dindaeng Dindaeng Bankok 10400. Phone: +662-246-0575-8
Best Western Plus Hotel @ 20 - 17 Sukhumvit Soi 20, Klongtoey, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2261 2200
Centara Grand @ Central World - 999/99 Rama 1 Road, Pathuwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2100 1234
Centre Point - Terminal 21 - 2, 88 Sukhumvit Soi 19 (Wattana), Sukhumvit Road, North Klongtoey, Wattana, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2681 9000
Centrepoint Lang Suan - 60 Soi 1, Lungsuan Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2657 2400
Centrepoint Silom - 1552/2 Soi 50, Charoenkrung Road, Bangrak, Bangkok 10500, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2266 0521
Centrepoint Wireless - 100 Wireless Road, Lumpini, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2659 5000
Chaophya Park - 247 Ratchadapisek Road, Dindaeng, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Phone: 2290 0125
Chatrium Suites - 28 Charoenkrung Soi 70, Bangkholame, Bangkok 10120, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2307 8888
Citadines Soi 16 - 38 Sukhumvit 16, Sukhumvit Road, Klongtoey, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2663 8777
Courtyard by Marriot - 155/1 Soi Mahadlekluang 1, RajadamriRoad, Bangkok 10330 Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2690 1888
Crowne Plaza Bangkok Lumpini Park Hotel - 952 Rama 4 Road, Bangkok 10500, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2632 9000
Davis Hotel - 88 Sukhumvit 24, Klongtoey, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2260 8000
The Dawin Hotel - 34/1-2 Soi Sukhumvit 4 (Nanatai) Sukhumvit Road, Klongtoey, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2253 5555
Dream Hotel - 10 Sukhumvit Soi 15, Klongtoey Nua, Wattana, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2254 8500
Dusit Thani Hotel - 964 Rama 4 Road, Bangkok 10500, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2200 9000
Dynasty Grande - 21 Soi Sukhumvit 6, Sukhumvit Road, Klongtoey, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2255 1333
Emporium Suites - 622 Sukhumvit Road, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2664 9999
Four Seasons Hotel - 155 Rajadamri Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2126 8866
Grande Centre Point Ratchadamri - 153/2 Soi Mahatlek Luang 1, Ratchadamri Road, Lumpini, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2670 5000
Grand Hyatt Erawan - 494 Rajadamri Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2254 6308
Grand Sukhumvit Hotel - 99 Sukhumvit Soi 6, Klongtoey, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2207 9999
Grand Mercure Fortune - 1 Ratchadapisek Road, Fortune Town Building, Dindaeng, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2641 1500
Grand Millennium Sukhumvit - 30 Sukhumvit 21 (Asoke), Klongtoey Nua, Wattana, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2204 4000
Grand President - 14, 16 Sukhumvit Soi 11, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2651 1200
The Fusion Suites Hotel - 143/61-62 Soi Sukhumvit 21 (Asoke), Sukhumvit Road, Klongtoey Nue, Wattana, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2665 2644
Holiday Inn - 981 Silom Road, Bangkok 10500, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2238 4300
Ibis Riverside - 27 Soi Charoe Nakhon, 17 Charoe Nakhon Road, Banglamphulang, Klongsarn, Bangkok 10600, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2659 2888
InterContinental Hotel - 973 Ploenchit Road, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2656 0444
JW Marriott Hotel Bangkok - 4 Sukhumvit Road, Soi 2, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2656 7700
Landmark Hotel - 138 Sukhumvit Road, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2254 0404
Lebua at State Tower Hotel - 1055/42 Silom Road, Bangrak, Bangkok 10500, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2624 9555
Majestic Grande - 12 Sukhumvit Soi 2, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2262 2999
Mandarin Oriental Hotel - 48 Oriental Avenue, Bangkok 10500, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2659 9000
Mayfair Marriot - 60 Soi Langsuan, Lumpini, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 26721234
Metropolitan Bangkok Hotel - 27 South Sathorn Road, Tungmahamek, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2625 3322
Millennium Hilton Hotel - 123 Charoennakorn Road, Klongsan, Bangkok 10600, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2442 2000
Montien Riverside - 372 Rama 2 Road, bangkhlo, Bangkok 10120, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2292 2999
Narai Hotel - 222 Silom Road, Bangkok 10500, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2237 0100
Nasa Vegas Hotel - 44 Sukhumvit 71 - Ramkhamhaeng Rd. Suanluang District, Bangkok 10250, Thailand. Phone: +66(0) 2 719-9888
Novotel Bangkok On Siam Square - Siam Square Soi 6, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2209 8888
Novotel Lotus - 1 Soi Daeng Udom (Sukhumvit 33), Sukhumvit Road, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
Palazzo Hotel - 111 Soi Niam-utit, Ratchadapisek Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2276 4995
Peninsula Hotel - 333 Charoennakorn Road, Klongsan, Bangkok 10600, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2861 2888
President Solitaire - 75/23 Sukhumvit Soi 11, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2255 7200
Ramada Plaza Menam Riverside - 2074 Charoenkrung Road, Bangkorlaem, Bangkok 10120, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2688 1000
Rembrandt Hotel - 19 Sukhumvit Soi 18, Sukhumvit Road, Klongtoey, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2261 7100
Shangri-la Hotel - 89 Soi Wat Suan Plu New Road, Bangrak, Bangkok 10500, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2236 7777
Sheraton Grande Sukhumvit - 250 Sukhumvit Road, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2649 8000
Sivatel Bangkok Hotel - 53 Wittayu Road, Lumpini, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2309 5000
Sofitel Bangkok - 188 Silom Road, Bangrak, Bangkok 10500, Thailand.
Sofitel Centara Grande - 1695 Phaholyothin Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2541 1234
Swissotel Hotel Nai Lert - 2 Wireless Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2253 0123
Sukhothai Hotel - 13/3 South Sathorn Road, Bangkok 10120, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2344 8888
Tawana - 80 Surawongse Road, Bangrak, Bangkok 10500, Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 2236 0361
B.B. Garden Resort - Tara likes this hotel. 1169 Soi Ratchadaphisek 3 (Soi Chinese Embassy) Ratchadaphisek Rd. Dindaeng Dindaeng Bankok 10400. Phone: +662-246-0575-8
Ever Rich Inn - in the Nana area.
Nasa Vegas Hotel - If wanting something near airport. 44 Sukhumvit 71 - Ramkhamhaeng Rd. Suanluang District, Bangkok 10250, Thailand. Phone: +66(0) 2 719-9888
Pearl Bar & Room - 6/3 Asok Intersection. Klong Toei, Bangkok 10110. Phone: 09-653-3715. 081-735-3770.
The Strand Inn - Patpong area
C&N Hotel - Patong
Pacific Club Resort - 16 Patak Road Soi 24, Karon Beach, Phuket, 83100. Phone: +66-(0)76-398-350/2
Sea Dragon Guest House- on Soi Sea Dragon off the middle of Bangla road.
Kavinburi Hotel - 299/99 Prajak Road Makhaeng Muang Udon Thani Thailand. Phone: +66 (0) 42-326-888
Centara Hotel - 277/1 Prajaksillapakhom Road, Amphur Muang, Udon Thani, 41000. Phone: 042-343-555
Pannarai Hotel - Samphan Thamit Alley, เมือง Amphoe Mueang Udon Thani, Chang Wat Udon Thani 41000. Phone: 042 344 999
AVANI Hotel - 999 Moo 4 Prachasamosorn Road, Muang, Khon Kaen 40000. Phone: 043-209-888.
Pullman Khon Kaen Raja Orchid - 9-9 Prachasumran Road, Nai Muang, Muang, 40000. Phone: 043-913-333
Just complete the Booking Request Form on my Contact / Booking page. You are welcome to email me to ask questions but most all questions can be answered simply by looking around this site. A Booking Form will be required when you are ready to arrange a meeting so often much faster to just find answers to your questions at this site, submit a Booking Request form and wait for confirmation rather than email and wait for answers and then have to send a Booking Request Form in anyway.
We are ok seeing anyone of any age from 21 - 90.
We are ok with anyone as long as they are nice. If you promise not to discriminate against us because we are Asian, we won't discriminate against you as long as you are nice.
A very common annoying question from clients usually in the +91 country code, but sometimes others. Just don't until AFTER we've meet. Most clients are ok with this policy but a few, especially those clients from India in particular seem to want to insist on our phone number before we've even met although we have very clear rules about this. Below are the reasons again.
No, a deposit is usually not required if booking us for 1 day or less. Some of us may require a deposit for bookings that you want us to mark off more than 1 day on my calendar as we will likely loose other bookings.
No, we are too busy for all that. We have A LOT of pictures on our Photos page and they are recent. Never had anyone say we didn't look like our pictures. Most say we look better. Other sites are different we know, but don't worry about that problem here.
We do not send extra or custom pictures for new clients. We have many on our Photos page already and we try to update as often as possible with enough pictures to give clients that want to book us a good idea of what we look like.
More pictures are available inside our VIP area which you can join and the fee you pay to join is refunded when we meet so you have nothing to lose. This will get you access to our VIP pictures and then we also might be willing to do some custom pictures which we will add to the VIP area for you since you are a VIP.
Reason is there are so many picture collectors that would request custom pictures just for their collection without any intent in scheduling us.
Yes, we get tested frequently and you can check our Stats page for the exact date of our last test.
See our Stats page under the English section we keep updated about our ability to speak and understand English.
There are 2 reasons why some clients prefer not to complete our booking form. One reason is security concerns. Be aware, our booking form is secure with bank industry strength SSL / https encryption so it's A LOT safer than attempting to give us your booking information over an insecure phone line or another way. The information is not stored or entered into anything from the form--it's simply checked, processed, and emailed to our secure email account.
The second reason is privacy concerns. If this is your concern then it's really weird that you are wanting to spend some intimate time with us yet not comfortable providing information to help us feel comfortable meeting you. More times than not, those overly concerned about their privacy have something to hide which if we knew, we wouldn't want to meet them. It's a warning sign. Even without the booking form, we will require you to send your complete and correct name before we leave to travel to your hotel. We will call the hotel to check ALL bookings from new clients as unfortunately there are a lot of weird people with too much times on their hands that send in fake booking requests and usually most of them will insist on NOT completing the booking form as they fear the form will help reveal them.
Countless hours have gone into designing and tweaking our booking form. It's specifically designed to (1) greatly reduce errors, (2) significantly descrease our time processing and formatting the information, and (3) increase our safety.
As such, unless you are one of our VIP clients (a past client or one that has paid a 3,000 deposit to join the VIP Program) we may not allow you to make a booking without completing the form, or we may request an additional 1,000 baht fee to be paid in advance if you would like to meet us without completing the booking form.
The booking form helps ensure there are no mistakes or misunderstandings, and of course really speed up the time it takes us to process the information. We don't have the high number of problems with bookings as others have partly because the booking form helps make sure we have all the information needed, everything is very clearly understood by the client and by us, and the form searches a database of bad clients to warn us as well as looks for known markers that indicate the increased likelihood of a potential problem.
If you are asking this it's simply because you didn't read carefully. There is NO User Name for our Private picture gallery which is what we told you would have given you a password upon your request. If you haven't requested access to our Private gallery, just contact us. As you can see from the image below, there are 3 types of galleries.
1) The Private picture galleries require only a password. Contact us to request that.
2) The VIP picture galleries require a user name & password. You can simply READ what it says there about who gets access to those.
3) The Public picture galleries can simply be viewed by clicking the thumbnail images to expand them. No user name or password needed.
We prefer to travel only to meet clients that we have seen before or one of our friends has at least seen, but it might be possible to arrange for us to travel if you are a new client. Contact us to inquire about this.
We are fully independent. We are friends with the girls at MyThaiTourGuide. Like them, we don't work for anyone. We are a cooperative of independent friends NOT an agency. No boss, no pimps, no gang leader, no boyfriend taking our money.
Payment is due for the first day within 10 minutes of meeting. Please have payment ready without us having to ask. Some people prefer to send us payment prior to meeting and that's ok, but not required and also not recommended since you might not know us yet. We have methods to accept payments in advance so ask if interested. Some people also like paying us complete payment for all days on the first day when we are planning to stay more than one day together and that is ok, and common, but again not required.
It's possible, but there are many currency exchanges, banks, and ATMs all over Thailand. Make sure to let me know when booking if you plan to pay in a foreign currency so we can let you know if ok. We also can accept PayPal and Bitcoin, but only if paid in advance as sometimes takes an hour to arrive in our account after being sent.
Yes for sex! Safer for all of us if we practice safe sex. We won't even agree to see you if you tell us you don't like to use condoms or ask us if we can try without a condom. We would be dead long ago if we had been allowing sex without a condom.
We don't put limits on the amount of times we can have sex. We believe in doing what comes naturally instead of listing a long list of rules. The nicer you are to us, the better we will get along, and the more we will desire to have sex again and again if you want and maybe even try some new things. If you are an asshole, then we probably won't let you have sex at all.
Please see our Services page for a detailed list of everything we do and also everything we don't do. You can also check our Friend's page here for a list of our friends that love anal.
See our Services page for a complete list of everything we do.
Yes, we are ok with casual pictures usually but please make sure ask first and not assume. Don't forget to email us copies later.
We do not expect any tips and will never ask you for tips. Some clients do decide to take us shopping or provide us a tip afterwards and we probably won't say no if you insist, but that's completely your decision and you will never hear us asking for that nor will we expect it. The rates you pay is enough for us. We know it can get annoying continually being begged for more money than you originally agreed to pay. We hear many escorts do that, but don't worry as you won't have that from us. The only thing you are expected to pay is our fee which is clearly listed on our Rates page, and any reasonable expenses while we are together like eating, taxis when we are going places together, drinks, etc–-reasonable expenses. Taxi or airfare if you want us to travel from another town to see you, but obviously not if we are in the same town.
There are currently 2,961 active and happy VIP clients. You can become one of them.
1 - Girl entered you into the program: This is the most common way people get into this program. If you've seen one of us before, and we enjoyed our time with you, then you were probably already referred for inclusion into the VIP program and you are already a VIP and have been getting VIP service ever since and you might not even know it! Past clients should just ask, we'll tell you.
2 - Friend Referred you: We get a lot of friends who refer their other friends or co-workers to us. If are one of the many people who was referred by a friend who is a VIP, all you have to do is ask them to email us and mention you.
Warning though, if for any reason you get kicked out of the VIP Program, the friend that referred you gets kicked out too! So be careful who you refer!
3 - $100 USD Returnable Deposit: If you haven't previously met any of us before, but want to be entered into the program, you can pay a $100 USD deposit to be almost immediately entered into the program. This deposit is deducted from the amount you pay the girl when you meet her so this is really FREE since you will be paying the girl 3,000 baht less (approximately $100 less) when you meet her.
Notice that I say 'almost' immediate access as we might require a short 1-minute video interview with you to verify your identity before we allow you in. Don't send money if you aren't ok with this as we will hold your money until you are willing or able to do this.
Remember, VIPs don't pay cancellation fees, so even if you have to cancel your booking, we won't request any cancellation fee like regular clients. Furthermore, we will still return your 3,000 baht the next time you schedule and see a girl even if it's a different girl and even if it's several months or years later--we've been in business for 8 years and should be around for awhile longer.
If any emergency and the girl cancels, we will give the VIP the option of selecting another girl. You can also select to see no one this time and remain in the VIP program for another date or exit the program and have their $100 returned in full--if you paid via the refundable option, but this ONLY if the girl cancels (NOT if you cancel).
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