text:
What's up with that? Don't I mean 'Rithmetic?
Festschrift on the Anniversary of the University of Iowa, 25 February 1847.
Or, Back To School -- Oy!
When it's almost back-to-school time, along with all the sales in the stores, there's also all the usual stuff "for sale" too about the value of education. Trouble is, there's about as much of that stuff, as many ideas of what is an education, not to mention of what is its value, as there are kinds of pens, notebooks and clothes in the stores.
So let's start with the good old liberal arts education. We'll look at:
I. How and Where It Started
II. What the Seven Liberal Arts Actually Are
III. The Modern University
IV. How It Fell Apart
V. Where We Are Now
VI. Where We Could Be
and a little concluding note you might enjoy.
I. How and Where It Started.
These days, you may or may not hear that the ideas of liberal arts education, like those of democracy, originated in Greek antiquity. What you really don't hear these days is that those ideas were not at all what we mean by them now. In those societies, democracy didn't mean everyone participates, it meant that to participate in democracy, and to have an education adequate to do that, one must not be burdened by having to work; that was done by a slave class. Leisure, not work, is the basis of culture and society; "liberal" comes from the Latin for free, which translated the Greek for not what we think of now, but learning appropriate to the free and non-working class, not the slave class.
"Academy", "academic" and like words come from the school Plato founded in a sacred grove dedicated to Athena, Goddess of Wisdom, called the Akademia. Hekademia originally, actually. It lasted from about 387 BC to 83 BC. Its most famous graduate is a guy named Aristotle.
The Academy was refounded on Platonic philosophy in 410 AD and lasted until closed by the Roman Emperor Justinian I in 529. Well, Eastern Roman Emperor, but the Western Empire was gone, having collapsed in 476. Justinian was out to stamp out anything in the Empire but the state religion, the Catholic Church, defined and established by the Eastern Roman Emperor Theodosius and the Western Gratian and Valentinian II in the Edict of Thessalonica on 27 February 380. Which he pretty much did, the Second Council of Constantinople in 553 saying nothing happens in the church without the emperor. For which reason the 529 closing of the refounded Academy is often called the End of Antiquity.
The scholars of The Academy sought haven in the Persian Sassanid Empire, then when the Persian and Byzantine empires made peace in 532, some of the scholars removed to Harran in what is now southeast Turkey. After the Sassanids lost to the Arabs, by then Islamic, in 651, Harran became the first great centre of Islamic learning as the knowledge of classical antiquity was translated from Greek to Syriac to Arabic. Meanwhile Europe, where all this stuff came from, was a complete mess. So knowledge that began in Europe was forced out and wouldn't make its way back for a few hundred years. Helluva guy that Justinian, huh. The Eastern Orthodox think he's a saint, which I suppose makes sense for what's left of his old state church, but unfortunately so do some of us Lutherans.
So The Academy. Its best graduate Aristotle in turn founded the Lyceum in Athens in 335 BC, right beside the temple of Apollo of Light, Apollo Lykeios, hence the name. The Romans trashed it in 86 BC, and at an unknown point thereafter it ceased to be. Its location was rediscovered in 1996, just east of modern downtown Athens. The word Lyceum survives in modern European languages for roughly what we call high school in the US.
Here's how these ideas passed from the end of the ancient world with the fall of the Western Roman Empire to later times in the West. First was a guy named Martianus Capella, who sometime after Alaric, King of the Visigoths (Germanic types), trashed Rome in 410 wrote a book called De Nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii et de septem Artibus liberalibus libri novem, which means "On the Wedding of Philology and Mercury, and the Seven Liberal Arts, in Nine Books". The first two books are an allegorical love story about how Mercury, the pursuit of learning, actually learns by way of Philology, communicated information, and the remaining seven are textbooks in each of the seven arts we will detail below. The books were largely based on existing ancient works, and the whole thing was pretty much an encyclopaedia of its time, but later, when the knowledge in that system began to show itself lacking, the whole thing started to appear lacking, and scholars now routinely diss him, when what is needed then as now is separating the system itself from its content at any given time.
Which is pretty much what the rest of this post is trying to establish.
Second was a guy named Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, who lived shortly thereafter. His best known work is On the Consolation of Philosophy (De consolatione philosophiae), written while awaiting execution by the Arian Western Roman Emperor Theodoric for supposed treason with the Catholic Eastern Roman Emperor Justin. Boethius translated a bunch of ancient Greek works into Latin. In his rather free translation of Nicomachus' book on arithmetic he also set out the liberal arts, giving them the trivium and quadrivium names. In his On Music set out the three-fold division of music we shall detail below. His books remained standard authorities in universities for hundreds of years, and the Consolation is one of the most influential books ever written. While not part of the church's general calendar, in some places he is commemorated as a saint, St Severinus, with feast day 23 October.
You might hear that the liberal arts were originally seven, the first three being grammar, rhetoric and logic, also known as dialectic, a three-part way known in Latin and consequently to the West as the Trivium (from which our word trivial comes, trivial matters originally being not minor details but what you learn in order to get on to the heavy lifting of reality itself), and the last four being arithmetic, music, geometry and astronomy, the four-part way called the Quadrivium.
Nice to know, but doesn't tell you a damn thing about what this was all about, though it looks like it does, which is most of the problem understanding this stuff.
II. What the Seven Liberal Arts Actually Are.
Here is the structure of the Seven Liberal Arts.
The Three Part Way, the Trivium.
1. Grammar.
2. Rhetoric.
3. Logic (dialectic).
The Four Part Way, the Quadrivium.
4. Arithmetic. (Absolute Multitude)
5. Music. (Related Multitude)
6. Geometry. (Stationary Magnitude)
7. Astronomy. (Mobile Magnitude)
Again nice to know, but again doesn't tell you a damn thing about what this was all about, though again it looks like it does.The Trivium was not grammar, rhetoric and logic exactly as we mean them now, nor even something learned for its own sake. Rather, it was learning the tools by which one learns anything at all, just as a tradesman learns the tools of his trade before learning how to use them in the trade itself. Basically, Grammar was the study of how thought is written down in symbols (language), Rhetoric was the study of how thought is communicated from one person to another, and Logic was the study of how to think to reach supportable conclusions. Thus a person will be able to write down or speak his own thoughts rather than just let them rattle around in his head (Grammar), evaluate whether the written or spoken thoughts of others are well written down or written to hide or disguise things (Rhetoric), and evaluate his and others thoughts as to whether the content is supportable or based on unsupportable assertions and/or hidden assumptions which are deceptive (Logic).
Here's what the names of the liberal arts in the Quadrivium mean. Once you learned how to study anything at all, the stuff to be studied was divided into two big categories, things that are what they are as combinations of units, and things that are what they are as units that divide into further units. The former were called Multitudes, and further divided into those that are not applied to anything but abstract, which was called Arithmetic, and those that are applied to something, and that is called Music. The latter were called Magnitudes, and further divided into those that do not move, called Geometry, and those that do, called Astronomy.
Arithmetic then simply meant the study of number in the abstract, not applied to anything, just how numbers can be combined and used -- what is generally called math to-day. Music was using numbers to understand a phenomenon, and was further grouped into three areas: musica mundana, using number to quantify and understand the world outside ourselves, thus including what we generally call to-day physics, chemistry, and the like; musica humana, using number to quantify and understand the world inside ourselves, thus including what we generally call to-day biochenistry, psychology and the like; and finally and at the lowest level, musica instrumentalis, using number to understand the tones and combinations of tones produced by the instruments that produce them, including the human voice, which is what we generally now only mean by music -- except, it includes only the understanding part, the actual making of this kind of music being simply a skill and not included for its own sake but left to the uneducated. Ironic: from a skill left to the uneducated, these days, being able to strum a few chords on a guitar and belt out a few words seems to immediately confer that status of prophet, revelator, visionary, and authority on whatever one belts out about.
Education had nothing whatever to do with earning a living. When the idea began, work did not ennoble, it debased. Work was done by a class that, precisely because it had to work, could not possibly have time to learn what one needed to know to participate in democracy or high positions. Later, trades, something that is learned for the purpose of making a living, were learned in guilds, not universities, with the interesting twist that the guilds formed first, and universities began by borowing their ideas of how to organise from them! So show a little respect to the repairman that shows up next time you need one.
So, it's a system, first for learning how to learn, then for classifying what is to be learned, in order to be educated to fulfill the responsibilites of democracy and high office.
III. The Modern University.
In the original universities, a person who had completed a course of studies in the Seven Liberal Arts, and passed final examinations by his masters (teachers), was awarded the degree Bachelor of Arts.
What does this mean? Not what you would think based on the ordinary current meanings of these words -- the same problem again. "Arts" does not mean painting or sculpture or whatever, but the Seven Liberal Arts. "Bachelor" does not mean an unmarried male, but comes from the Latin baccalaureus, and originally referred to the lowest class of knight, a squire, or apprentice, to a knight, or a knight in the service of another knight. The word itself seems to have come from baccalaris, a man employed on a dairy farm. Bacca was a variant of late Latin vacca, which still survives in Spanish as vaca -- cow. The progress is similar to that of learning a trade in a guild.
A Bachelor could then go on to further study, and then participating in and moderating disputations (disputationes). These were highly formalised debates on the truth of specific propositions, usually based on arguments from appropriate authorities, called argumentum ad verecundiam. These are inappropiate to syllogistic logic, in which the syllogism is true or false based on its on its correct process and not who does it. But they are common in informal logic, where, since no-one can be an expert on everything one relies on those who supposedly are experts on this or that thing. This is the origin of the ad hominum (against the man), which is not name-calling, but refuting a statement on the basis that the authority cited is no authority at all. On such further study and activity, a person would be awarded the degree Master of Arts, the Arts being the Seven Liberal Arts, and "master" deriving from the Latin magister, which looks like master but actually means teacher; one may now teach the Arts.
Luther's so-called "95 Theses" were an invitation to exactly such a Disputation.
A degree was simply a step, in Latin gradus, to becoming a teacher or master, hence the term "graduate", a progression again similar to the trade guilds and still seen in the apprentice, journeyman and master structure of qualification in the trades. Since the masters were teachers, they were also called doctors, from the Latin for "to teach". Over time, since the three higher fields of study were Law, Medicine and Philosophy, masters who went into these fields earned a final doctor degree in them, and the doctoral degree in these higher faculties came to be regarded higher than the master teachers/doctors, eventually becoming the present Bachelor, Master, Doctor hierarchy, with later fields coming under the division of philosophy along with philosophy itself.
The story of the modern universities begins with the schools attached to monasteries, generally Benedictine, real monking monks, not just monked over, preserving some light against the darkness of the times, which times are known as the Dark Ages. Karl der Grosse, known to some as Charlemagne, who forged the first more or less unified state in Europe since the Roman Empire, was crowned Imperator Augustus by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day 800 at St Peter's Basilica (the old one; the current one is on the same site) to re-establish a Western entity against the still standing Eastern Roman Empire, and thus is considered the Father of Europe. Among his many accomplishments, he encouraged education. With the reforms of Pope St Gregory (died 12 March 604) for learning to include more than liturgy but also theology and canon law, bishops began to establish schools in their cathedral parishes to teach things beyond the monastery schools. Then, with demand far in excess of supply, plus the original town and gown tensions between students and townspeople, which were not pretty with rape and murder not uncommon and often protected by clerical immunity, schools gravitated to big cities.
The word university comes from the Latin phrase "universitas magistrorum et scholarium" which described and denoted these institutions, associations of students and teachers chartered by civil and/or ecclesiastical powers that be in their cities, with degrees granted by the institution itself, at bachelor, master and doctor levels. rather than licences or certificates from individual teachers as before, which adapted from the trade guilds the advancement stages of apprentice, journeyman and master onto a model drawn from the madrasahs of the Islamic world. (Notice how all this stuff, from Plato's Academy to the modern university, begins with schools attached to houses of worship? Hmm.)
The first of the modern degree-granting universities, growing out of existing centres of higher education, was established in Bologna (1088), followed by Paris (1160), Oxford (1167) and Cambridge (1209). The final step was recognition by papal bull of a university's autonomy from the city, the church, and each other, meaning non-interference from the state and/or the church (this is what "academic freedom" means) and also that a graduate from one could teach anywhere jus ubique docendi, with no further examination.
In Bologna, the students ran things, hiring the teachers; in Paris, the church hired and paid the teachers who ran things, and in Oxford, the crown did. These differences had major consequences. All four are still around, but in different ways. Bologna was not a comfortable place for teachers and fell into decline; Paris became the leading university and really the great granddaddy of the modern university but was abolished as such in the French Revolution centuries later though parts survive with historical ties; government sponsorship of Oxford and the later Cambridge (1209) allowed them to survive the replacement of the church with the state Church of England.
A student entered the university at about age 15, and after a six year curriculum in the Liberal Arts, usually with an emphasis on logic, if they passed they graduated a Bachelor of Arts. Courses were not by subject so much as by the authoritative book studied, often from Aristotle, the Bible, or the Thoughts (often called the Sentences, from the Latin title Quattuor libri sententiarum, or Four Books of Thoughts, still reflected in the idea that a "sentence" should express a complete thought) of Peter the Lombard, who taught in the cathedral school at Paris. Having graduated from the Faculty of the (Seven Liberal) Arts one could go into the world, or continue in one of the three other, further, fields of Law, Medicine or Theology, which would take another 12 years or so.
IV. How It Fell Apart.
So what's the point of all this -- I'm into old stuff that isn't the way it is any more and think you should be too? No, and hell no. For as much "old stuff" as I post on this blog, I wouldn't consider any of it worth a ginger snap if it didn't do two things for us now: make where we are a little clearer and more understandable by seeing how we got here, and make where we are a little clearer and more understandable by seeing what was the idea of where we were supposed to be going in the first place.
Here's what happened. New knowledge did not replace invalidated knowledge in the system as it should have, but was confused with the system itself and brought the system down, and thus we have the start of our fragmented knowledge and view of learning to-day. This began when difficulties in reconciling Aristotle with Christian doctrine became more and more apparent, and the bishops of Paris issued a series of formal Condemnations, most notably those of 1277 by bishop Etienne Tempier, which had the effect of allowing scientific investigation to proceed without reference to Aristotle the great authority.
Beautifully ironic, especially in view of the nonsense peddled in so many contemporary universities, that scientific freedom from existing authorities in investigation resulted not in spite of the church and its doctrine but from bishops responding to the inherent problems in expressing doctrine in terms of the prevailing science of the time.
Which was great for science, also great for Aristotle since he never thought he wrote the last word on everything, but, it also had the effect of making everything previously held now seem possibly wrong or soon to be found out to be wrong.
A new direction in thought arose, best summed up in the maxim of the English Franciscan William of Occam, entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem, or no more things should be thought to exist than necessary. This was a lex parsimoniae or law of parsimony that brought about a new way of thinking that was skeptical to agnostic. This new way consciously saw itself as a new way and called itself such, the via moderna or modern way, as opposed to the trivium and quadrivium which became by default the via antinqua or old way. This turned up in every field, in music (as we use the term now) it was called the Ars nova, a term first used by the theorist Phillippe de Vitry in a book by the same name of in 1322.
Music that was not monophonic chant but polyphonic, with secular themes being placed over a base of a piece of chant, music in duple time rather than triple reflecting the perfection of the Trinity, music written this way for religious purposes -- such things were utterly revolutionary, and part of the shift in the times that was happening from the arts to theology itself. What a modern irony that some to-day will perform the motets of Machaut, the greatest of ars nova composers, and be thought to be real fuddy duddys, but Machaut himself in his day was thought of as an affront to everything right and proper for worship!
It was into this world turned upside down and inside out that Martin Luther, having graduated from schools that focussed on the trivium, enrolled at 17 in University of Erfurt in the first year of the 16th century, 1501, graduated with a Master degree in 1505, and went on to the Law school following his father's wishes and the usual pattern. He soon dropped out. Questioning everything, positing as little as possible, and so on was all fine, but at what point did it yield reliable results, also known as answers, which is particularly upsetting regarding the claims of Christian doctrine which have some pretty extreme claims of salvation and damnation.
There being no answers, he sought one in what was available, the rigours of the actions of monastic life, to the extent that his superior, Johann von Staupitz, Vicar General of the Augustinian Order in Germany, had him continue an academic career in theology to take his mind off his own salvation, and also spoke to him about the Means of Grace and salvation through the death and resurrection of Christ, which, though Staupitz was no Lutheran and lamented the breaking of visible church unity, got him put on Rome's Index of Forbidden Books!
V. Where We Are Now.
Seems long ago and far away, but it is into exactly this same world turned upside down and inside out than we are born now, just with better means of communication. Each age along the way seems to think it has started a new age, a new way, a modern way, an Age of Aquarius, an Enlightenment, or whatever, all just simply repeating the confusion of the via moderna with better technology. Likewise our supposedly enlightened modern world, where graduates can't count back change in their minimum wage jobs, or reliably point on the map to where the people came from toward which they have been taught warm inclusive fuzzies, or hear a news report with an ear to whether or not it contains unexamined assumptions from which supposed conclusions are drawn.
Of the four original universities, three are still around right now, namely Cambridge, Oxford and Bologna. The fourth, Paris, was abolished by the French Revolution, but a number of institutions with historical links to it survive. More remarkably than that, all of these are routinely ranked as among the very best universities in the world. Cambridge and Oxford always rank in a superclass by anybody's rankings, always in anybody's top ten. The other superclass members btw are Harvard, MIT, Stanford and U California-Berkeley. Harvard has roots in Cambridge and is named for its original benefactor, John Harvard, a Cambridge alumnus. Bologna regularly places in the #150-300 range.
In fact, there are even older continuously existing institutions which exist now as modern universities but were not founded that way. Al-Azhar University, in Cairo, much in the news in recent years, was founded as a Shia madrasah by the Fatimid dynasty in 975, became Sunni under the Ayyubid daynasty (the great Jewish philosopher Maimonides taught there in the 12th century) and became a university in 1961 under President Nasser of Egypt. Arguably the oldest degree-granting institution in the world is the University of al-Qarawiyyin (sometimes given as al-Karaouine) in Morocco, founded as a Sunni madrasah by Fatima (yes, a woman) al-Fihri in 859, when Europe was largely a bloody mess barely held to-gether educationally by the grand and glorious hard-working and uproarious Benedictines, but became a university in 1963 following the independence of the Kingdom of Morocco in 1956 (from France, but hey the Romans ruled it for about 400 years, under the name Mauretania, not the same as the modern Mauritania).
And, topping it all off, Nanjing University was founded in China in 258 by the emperor Sun Xiu (Jing of Wu) as a school for the Confucian Six Arts (man am I tempted to go on about those in comparison/contrast to the Seven Liberal Arts!), and after a TON of bumps along the way became a university in the 20th century, and you know what, STILL hangs in there ranked among the top universities in the world by all major rankings!
"All major rankings" means the QS World University Rankings (QS), the Times Higher Education World University Rankings (THE), both British, and the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) from Shanghai, with US News & World Report lately jumping in with a revised QS ranking.
Recent decades have seen an astounding increase in the ability of thoughts and information to be communicated, starting with mass printing some time ago but exploding first with the coming of radio, then TV, and now the Internet and other forms of digital media; and at the same time have seen an alarming decrease in the apparent ability of people to form, communicate and evaluate thoughts and information. Where the ability to smarten up exists to an unprecedented extent, the fact of dumbing down is seen everywhere.
Amid an unprecedented ability to communicate information, people seem to have less information and less ability to critically evaluate information than ever. And this largely not because people are any more smart or stupid than before, but because educators themselves have nearly totally lost sight of this, that the magnificent increase in the media of communication does not invalidate but in fact makes more needed than ever the basic tools for forming, setting forth, and understanding what is communicated.
This general dumbing down of society is not new, it was noticed decades ago, but it has assumed warp speed as the very means of communication develop at warp speed too. One of the earliest, and still best, more applicable to-day to the means that did not exist when it was written than ever, is an essay called "The Lost Tools of Learning" by Dorothy L Sayers in 1947. She was best known for her detective novels, a genre generally considered "low brow", and that such a magnificent and magnificently educated mind as hers should equally well write best selling detective novels exemplfies what this is all about.
Her essay is online now. You can read it here.
Another, and more recent, modern exposition of these tools of learning is by Sister Miriam Joseph of the Sisters of the Holy Cross at St Mary's College in Notre Dame, Indiana, called, guess what, "The Trivium". Philadelphia: Paul Dry Books, 2002. Available through Amazon easily.
VI. Conclusion. Where We Could Be.
So, again, the Liberal Arts are a system for first learning how to learn, the Trivium, then for classifying what is to be learned in order to be educated to fulfill the responsibilities of democracy and high office, the Quadrivium. This is not at all about going back to the "Music of the spheres", in which the mathematical ratios in tones and in the orbits of the sun and planets around the earth were though to be the same, or about reading Aristotle, learning Latin, and things like that -- though there's good reason to read Aristotle and learn Latin -- or about going back to earlier social structures. What happened was, as some of the knowledge taught within the system was later found to be either incomplete or just false, like what orbits around what, the system itself, and more importantly the overall unity of things which it expressed, also came into question.
In religion, the point of the Lutheran Reformation was not to create a new church or even split the one there was, but to bring back to front and centre the Means of Grace through which salvation is communicated and the message of salvation through the blood of Christ itself -- to paraphrase Luther, making the most clear things about the church what had become the most obscure amid the Roman confusion. The direction in which the later more general Reformation went, which began even in Luther's lifetime, was as opposed by Luther and Lutherans as the errors of Rome.
In education, perhaps another reformation is needed, not a religious but an educational one. One where besides what one learns to earn whatever living one earns and has whatever career one has, that in order for society to function, ESPECIALLY in one where all and not just some classes participate, there is a skillset and a basic body of knowledge needed by all, where the tools of learning are actually taught (there's the trivium), where a person is then taught how to handle abstact operations, operations applied to things as they add up, how complicated things break down and how that is applied to things (there's the quadrivium). That would be education, the basics for participating in our society, open to all now, rather than the latest theories of what is "enlightened" this week, which are handed down as so modern, but amount to no more than secular articles of faith handed down "ex cathedra" from an authority which, when it takes itself to be such, violates the very parsimony and science it thinks it passes on, as it neither guarantess a correct conclusion nor prevents a false one and may not even be applicable to a particular field, and, if applied to all fields as a universal principle, violates its very definition!
Oh Yeah, an Addendum.
There was this second cousin of Martianus Capella, with a variant spelling of the last name, Antonius Cappella, who wrote thousands of pieces of music, in a wide array of styles but all vocal, that are still performed to this day. You can spot them easily. They are all identified by the way he signed his name, A Cappella.
OK, I'm just jacking around now. A cappella actually means "from the chapel" and was used to designate purely vocal Renaissance polyphony generally for the church from the later Baroque concertato style which featured alternating vocal and instrumental parts in a piece of music. Oddly enough, we now know those "vocal" motets were often doubled on instruments, but the first modern "musicologists" didn't know that, so singing "a cappella" has come to mean pretty much any music that is singing only, no instruments.
Except for a small school of hard cores, in a city named for its big reeds, Acapulco de Juarez in Mexico, who wouldn't use the reeds for instruments, so the style is also called singing Acapulco. OK I'm jacking around there too.
But for real, I'm happy to say my alma mater, the University of Iowa, from which I got my MA and PhD degrees, ranks #121 in the USNWR rankings, 175 in THE, 269 in QS, and in the 151-200 band in ARWU. Not too shabby for a relative newcomer only organised 25 February 1847 in what had just become a state only 59 days before! It is also listed among the "Public Ivies", a list of 30 public US institutions considered to offer an educational level comparable to the "Ivy League" schools. And I'm also happy to say that Luther thought the plays of Terence, after whom I was named IRL, were excellent for children's learning.
And what's an "alma mater"? Hoo boy. It's Latin for "nourishing mother". In the Roman Empire it meant the Mother Goddess, Venus, the Roman version of Aphrodite, who was called Venus genetrix, Mother Venus. In the Roman Church this became adapted to Mary, Jesus' mother, as Mater dei genitrix. As an academic reference it has been used since the 1600s and comes from the phrase "alma mater studiorum", which means nourishing mother of studies. It's from this that we get the Latin term "alumnus" (male) or "alumna" (female), plural "alumni", meaning "one(s) who is/are nourished", as in educated.
In 2000 it was adopted as the motto of, guess who, the oldest modern university, the University of Bologna, right on the heels of the 1999 signing of the Bologna Declaration signed there by the ministers of education of 29 European countries, which while aiming at a greater standardisation of European higher education, seems to do so from the standpoint of corporations and the World Trade Organisation (WTO)-- cutting costs, getting a job. getting competitive -- read, winning against or at least getting your slice of the pie with other players -- etc.
Textual Note: This post is a complete revision of my original similarly titled one, incorporating additional material from 2009 and new material in 2010, then revised here and there in 2011 and 2013 - 2016.
+ Samuel, Judge and Prophet + - 20 August, Old Testament [image: Samuel and Eli]Samuel was the final Old Testament judge. Besides Deborah and an anonymous man in Judges 6:7-10, he is the ...
1 year ago


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I'm in Miami if you need suggestions let me know.
LOL - perhaps but do you need to throw red mean to banksides on this thread? about gay marriage and joe biden?
he can't start a "americans think they're all that' thread?
i followed up his initial comment with a "not what i meant"
you jumped in without reading the exchange
but yeah i can be bitchy
how r u ?
Labore et Scientia

subset: commoncrawl


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Arkansas Geocachers Association
Board Meeting Minutes
October 10, 2008
Board Members Present: Frank Philpott, Wayne Lunsford, Pat Vaughn, Mike Pinkston, David Spicer, Jerry Turner, and Beth Daniel (Via Phone).
Board Members Not Present: Bert Drake; Rich Swanson
Guests Present: Mike Beavers
The business meeting was called to order by Frank Philpott, President, at 6:30 p.m.
Minutes from previous meeting were approved as presented.
Reports were given in person by Frank Philpott (President's Report); Beth Daniel (Treasurer's Report and Election Committee Report); David Spicer (Community Relations Committee Report); and Pat Vaughn (Events Committee Report). The Fund Raising Committee Report was provided in writing by Rich Swanson. A Website Manager's Report was not provided.
Unfinished Business:
Progress reports were given on the status of the current ArkGeo goals. Frank Philpott moved that Goal # 6 (Ouachita National Forest geocache permit fee issue) be noted as complete. The motion was approved.
The following Board actions taken since the July Board meeting were acknowledged:
1. New committee members were approved via website forum postings:
* Ryan Lehman (ShadowCachers) - Events
* Ken & Sue Hayes (Nukeworker) - Events
* Sandy Fryar (Likestocanoe2) - Events
* Chris Akins (OENavigator) - Fundraising
* Tim Stone (BSA534) - Fundraising
2. Approval was provided by the Executive Board via email for the purchase of nine copies of "Robert's Rules of Order in Brief" by Frank Philpott, with a copy provided to each Board member.
New Business:
A motion was approved to change the wording in Article V, Section 2 of the organizational bylaws. The new wording is as follows: "With the exception of Secretary, Treasurer, and Website Manager, members may not be re-elected to a particular office in the course of their current term as Board member."
A motion was approved to change the wording in Article III, Section 3 of the organizational bylaws. The new wording is as follows: "Members (see Article II, Section 2) shall be notified at least 2 days prior to the beginning of the voting period."
A motion was approved to accept the invitation of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) for ArkGeo to have a geocaching display at a BSA event at Ft. Chaffee in April of 2009. David Spicer volunteered to take the lead for this project.
A motion was approved to create a special committee to investigate website management continuity, consisting of the following members: Wayne Lunsford, Mike Pinkston, and Bert Drake.
A motion was approved to change Section III.B in all committee charters. The new wording is as follows: "Recommendations to the Board should come through the Chair and should include details about what is being recommended, what is being requested, and why it is needed."
The next Board meeting is scheduled for January 9, 2009 in Conway, Arkansas.
The meeting was adjourned at approximately 8:30 PM.


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Friday March 22, 2019; 10:19 pm EDT
The Bay's endangered humans come to life in these exhibits
Once upon a time, if you lived in Chesapeake Country, you probably worked the water. Nowadays, you probably don't. Statistics are against it.
Open the current edition of Waterman's Gazette, and smack in the center of the monthly publication of the Maryland Watermen's Association, you'll read the legend: Endangered Species: Watermen of the Chesapeake. On the same page, right next to photos of real live specimens of this endangered species, you'll see Marc Castelli's watercolor Looking for the Brass Ring, one of his 23 paintings now showing at Annmarie Garden in Solomons.
Castelli, a devotee of the "deep and profound magic in the light carried by the wind on the water," has made a career of photographing and painting this endangered species.
"I spend hundreds of hours each year out on the water with the watermen who have learned that they can trust me to paint the truth of their lives," the Eastern Shore artist writes at www.marc-castelli.com. "I have discovered that by gaining their trust and being allowed to go out with them, they reveal the nobility of themselves and their work to me in an unconscious manner that needs no embellishment."
His scenes are straight from life. "Who am I to change things around?" he asks his viewers. Each begins as a photo, chosen from thousands. With the handwork of paint and brush, he brings the scenes to life. Seen close up, the washes and lines are abstractions of color. Step back, and the paint forms real people at real places in real moments in time. As in life, these clammers, crabbers, oystermen and pound-netters, their tools and their catch, burst with energy.
After you've visited Marc Castelli: The Art of the Waterman, you'll find another exhibit about watermen just down the road, freshly hung at Calvert Marine Museum.
Walk up the stairs to the museum's Mezzanine Gallery and you find yourself face to face with 28 working watermen and women photographed straight on in black and white and blown up — some almost life-sized — by Glen McClure of Norfolk, Virginia.
Endangered Species: Watermen of the Chesapeake "draws attention to the human story," says Jim Langley, the museum's curator of exhibits, who is himself stewed in at least three generations of life in Solomons, a town that grew up working the water. "We do our best to make people aware of what was going on so that they can appreciate what we still have left."
In addition to McClure's photos, the museum has hung some of its own collection of water-working photos by Baltimore Sun photojournalist A. Aubrey Bodine.
It's no coincidence that these two exhibits are back to back. They come together as Turning Tides: Life on the Chesapeake Bay, a joint project of the two museums.
"This history is part of our heritage, and as an institution dedicated to preserving both the life and heritage of the Chesapeake, it's as much our responsibility to share it as it is to teach good stewardship," says Sherrod Sturrock, deputy director of Calvert Marine Museum.
Endangered Species opens this week, with photographer McClure at Calvert Marine Museum on Friday, Sept. 14, to talk about his work (www.calvertmarinemuseum.com). His exhibit — lent by the Mariners' Museum in Newport News, Virginia — is on display through the end of December.
When Art of the Waterman opened last month, Castelli led a painting-by-painting storytelling tour. He returns in January with a slideshow of his photos to talk about A Year on the Water. His exhibit, lent by Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum in St. Michaels, hangs through Feb. 24 (www.annmariegarden.org).
On Nov. 17, Pete Lesher, curator of exhibits at the Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum, visits both museums to talk about the shows.
The twin shows are complemented by Annmarie Garden visiting artist Kaitlin Pomerantz, who'll work with all comers daily Sept. 21 thru Oct. 19 to create a community art project, an eco-sculpture inspired by oyster middens, prehistoric piles of discarded shell.
Preserving the culture of water-working is also part of the mission of Annmarie Garden, where a bronze oyster tonger welcomes visitors to the sculpture garden and art gallery.
"It's a perfect collaboration," says Annmarie executive director Stacey Hann-Ruff. "The stars are aligned."


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Message Board
Barbara Freethy Message Board
Talk about the novels, new and used books that Freethy has written!
Author Freethy's Book Reviews
Don't Say a Word
An old picture brings together the only two people who can solve the mystery of an orphan girl behind the gates. Years ago when he was just a boy, Alex took a photo of an orphan girl behind the gates of an orphanage. It was his father's most published photograph. But Alex was told to never speak of the photograph. He wants to know why. Julia has always believed that her mother who died several months ago was her real mother. However, upon finding a ...
Love Will Find A Way
Avon, Mar 2002, 6.99, 384 pp. ISBN: 0380815559 Two months before his death, architect Gary Tanner took out a half million-dollar life insurance policy on himself. Six months after his death the insurance company finds it highly suspicious that Gary died driving off the side of a mountain road near Lake Tahoe. They refuse to pay for accidental death when suicide is more likely the cause. Gary's widow Rachel turns to his best friend and...
One True Love
Lisa Alvarez and Nick Maddux divorced eight years ago after the painful death of their baby girl. Lisa is on the verge of getting married to a much older man when Lisa's best friend - also Nick's sister - asks her to come back to town to watch her kids while she takes some time for herself. Nick decides to help and so spends a lot of time with Lisa and the kids. They rehash the past and work through their issues. Eventually, they reveal that they nev...


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The year 2015 has the privilege to see a big new thing in the form of selfies smartphones. Now we unearth the 5 best smartphones for taking selfies accessible to buy in 2015.
1. HTC Desire Eye
We are greatly inspired with the HTC Desire Eye: it's extra ordinary fast, it carries stunning value and it can be bought worth around USD350), its sounds great while with a handsome screen. No doubt, it is still better and enhances your pretty look even more.
2. Nokia Lumia 735
The Nokia on the market is the fun, so Lumia 735 in reality is an ideal smartphone for the selfies. We can picture at just USD189 of a teen girl and a boy, Windows Phone, it has added the value to their Christmas to do list. It ranges from low-to middle range price and looking to the performance, it is sufficient. Not only this but we also appreciate the extras, means microSD support, 4G LTE and the Qi wireless charging. The ray of hope emerges about the Lumia Denim update that is enough to fire up the camera a little bit quicker.
3. HTC One M9
A genuinely desirable smartphone, The HTC One M9 is in reality a truly attractive smartphone available in Android land around with Samsung which goes upping the ante. We feel pleasured to have a look at the powerful Snapdragon 810 with extra memory. Let us come to the hardware, it is as it is, means M8 users have no likelihood for the temptation, means they will fall to the temptation regarding the up gradation but the old model at present is an attractive item to buy at around USD350. The fact remain that the Galaxy S6 carries the same price with added immersive specs which is not a good point for HTC.
4. Samsung Galaxy S6
So far, Samsung's Galaxy S6. But we yet have to see what's to come from the Sony Xperia Z4 and the LG G4. It is built in a good manner and fast too. The screen is no doubt wonderful and the software does not let intrude. The scanner with regard to fingerprint is widely improved. For some users the hard rate scanner is a potential draw, the fast charging insertion is a welcome step. We hope that the price will bring down and we are cock sure of it. The negative point is and is shameful also that is we have lost the battery which is not removable, waterproofing and microSD support. It is not a big problem but all the things will remain steady and we will stay alive with all these things.
5. Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge
We cannot deny the attractiveness of the Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge smartphone and the design lowers our spirits when it comes to the flaws such as sharp edges. The non removable battery is an inevitable result, how surprising that it is lacking in waterproofing and a microSD card slot. With the wonderful screen, the hardware is also strong along with fast processor coupled with great all-round camera.


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Youth Camp Fort Littleton Bible Church will host a youth camp for children ages 5-11. Children will arrive Friday, August 10, and stay until Sunday, August 12. Dismissal is at 2 p.m. Children ages 12 and up will be invited to participate in youth camp between Friday, August 10, thru Tuesday, August 14. Dismissal time will be at 11 a.m.
Homecoming Timber Ridge Cemetery Association, in cooperation with the Antioch Christian Church, invites all to its homecoming celebration Sunday, July 29, at Antioch Christian Church beginning at 2 p.m. Included will be gospel bluegrass and Southern gospel music and a memorial message, followed by fellowship at the adjacent pavilion. Meat, beverage and paper products will be furnished. Bring covered dish and a lawn chair. RSVP and any questions to 717-573-2133.
Bible School "In God We Trust" Vacation Bible School for ages 2-18 will be held at Pleasant Grove Christian Church, July 30 through August 3. Registration is at 6 p.m. with Bible School from 6:30 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. each night with stories, crafts, activities, games and songs. For more information or transportation arrangements, call 485-3617 or 573-4599.
River Oaks Helpline A Christian crisis counseling/prayer phone line is now available. Caring and compassionate Christian volunteers are available from 7 p.m. to 11 p.m. daily to listen, pray with you and help to find solutions for the challenges you are facing. Help is just a phone call away. Call 717- 325-4200.
Bible School Rehoboth New Life will host a weekend Vacation Bible School July 27 through July 29, at 6 p.m. nightly. This year's theme is Rocky Point Lighthouse. There will be music, interactive Bible stories, games, snacks and much more. Pastor Lowell Bard welcomes all children from preschool to sixth grade and their parents to join in as we "Shine God's Light." RNL is located across from the firehall in Needmore. For more information, call 717-496-7558.
Summer Youth Camp A summer youth camp will be held August 10-14, sponsored by Fort Littleton Bible Church. Check-in is August 10 at 2 p.m. and checkout August 12 at 2 p.m. for ages 5-11; and checkout for ages 10-14 is August 14 at 11 a.m. There will be a $10 registration fee for each camper. Registration forms are available by calling 987-4404 by July 30.
Singing Convention The 37th annual Pennsylvania State Singing Convention will be held August 9-12 at Morrisons Cove Memorial Park in Martinsburg, Pa. Featured will be 150 gospel groups, soloists and duets. More information available by calling 814-695-9356 or at psssc.nb.net.
Football/Cheerleading Registration Fulton County Cowboys youth football and cheerleading registration will be held Thurdsay, July 26, from 6 p.m. to 7:30 p.m., at Lions Club Park pavilion. Bring copy of birth certificate. More information may be obtained by calling 658-3563 or 816-2857.
Car Show A car show will be held to benefit Better Days Animal League, Saturday, August 4, (raindate: Sunday August 5) at the BDAL Thrift Store, 232 Lincoln Way West. Registration is from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m., with awards at 3 p.m. Classes as follows: People's Choice, Participant's Choice, Best Truck, Best Motorcycle, Best Car 1986 and Newer, Best Car 1985 and Older, Best of Show. Cost is $10 per vehicle, includes dash plaque for first 60 registered. Breakfast and lunch items available for purchase, in addition to snow cones, funnel cakes and baked goods. Also, Thrift Store specials. Call for directions at 717-485-0064. Sponsored by Peckie's Auto Body Repairs, McConnellsburg. BDAL is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit animal shelter that supports animal cruelty/neglect enforcement in Fulton County: www.betterdaysanimalleague.org.
Line Dance Fulton County Line Dance Club will hold line dance sessions every Wednesday (except the first Wednesday of the month) beginning at 7 p.m. at VFW Post 655, Poplar Street, McConnellsburg. All are welcome. Come and learn some new steps. A $2 donation is appreciated.
Benefit Auction/Dance A benefit auction and dance for Dave Welsh and family will be held Saturday, August 11, at McConnellsburg American Legion. Dance will immediately follow the auction. Must be 21 to attend the evening. Doors open at 3 p.m. and auction begins at 5 p.m. Admission is $5. Please buy tickets in advance for there is limited seating. Light refreshments will be served. To purchase tickets and/or raffle tickets, contact Nancy Bivens at 717-799-7343 or Patt Mills at 717-294-3676. Sponsored by Ashlyn's Angels and Sons of the American Legion.
Teen Night Teen night will be held at McConnellsburg library, Friday, July 27, from 5 p.m. to 8 p.m. Free, all teens welcome. Wii, board games, craft, movies, books and music available. Enter through community room door.
Auction Come join in for a pleasant evening and good food Saturday, July 28, at the American Legion in McConnellsburg. Donations are being accepted by the Fulton County Historical Society for an auction to raise money to brick case the historic Fulton County Jail. Gift certificates or new, antique, or collectible items are welcome and may be taken to the county commissioners office during regular business hours. Donations are tax deductible and donors will receive a receipt for tax purposes after the auction. The silent auction is from 3:30 p.m. to 5:30 p.m. Dinner is at 5:30 p.m. and the traditional auction begins at 6:30 p.m. For tickets please call Monica at 485-4454, Glenn at 485-3172 or Dick at 485-3412.
Open Stage Hustontown Area Volunteer Fire Co. will host an open stage Saturday, July 28, at 6 p.m. Kitchen opens at 5 p.m. Admission is free.
Shade Gap Picnic The 129th annual Shade Gap Picnic will be held at Harpers Memorial Park, Shade Gap, July 29 thru August 4. The annual parade will be held Monday, July 30, at 7 p.m. Sponsored by Shade Gap Fire Co. More information may be obtained by calling 814-259-3252 or at www.shadegapfire.com. Bingo For Books Fulton County Library Bingo for Books will be at Needmore Firehall Thursday, July 26, from 6:30 p.m. to 8 p.m. Everyone is a winner, free snacks and prizes are books.
Atlantic City Trip Hunters Helping Kids will be having a bus trip to Atlantic City August 18, 2012. Leave Hustontown Firehall at 6:30 a.m., and return around 11 p.m. Try your luck or just catch some rays on the beach or walk the boardwalk and see the sites. Cost is $55 per seat and $22 slot play from Tropicana with a buffet meal included in price. Games going down and back. All proceeds go to Hunters Helping Kids Mason-Dixon Chapter to take local kids outdoors.
Not Going Back To School Picnic Notice to all school retirees and it doesn't matter where you worked. All are encouraged to come to the covered dish "I'm Not Going Back To School Picnic" Wednesday, August 22, starting at 11 a.m. at McConnellsburg Lions Club pavilion. Please bring something for the auction. This is used to help raise money to the scholarship fund. A scholarship is given to a deserving senior from one of the county schools who is planning to continue in the field of education.
Wells Tannery Homecoming The 65th Wells Tannery Homecoming will be held Saturday, July 28, at Wells Tannery Community Park. The parade will start at 11 a.m. More entries are needed. Call 685-3399 for more information. Food will be served starting at noon. There will be a car show with prizes. Chicken barbecue, hot roast beef sandwiches, pie and lots of other goodies will be served. Music starts at noon and will continue until 9 a.m. when the raffle drawing will be made.
50s Night Back to those fabulous swinging "50s" on Friday, July 27, at Warfordsburg Senior Center social night for folks over 60. Bring a covered dish, meat is furnished. Come dressed in 50s and 60s attire and go back in time with Barb and Forest. Meal at 6 p.m. and music from 7 p.m. to 10 p.m. For more information, call 717-294-6020.
Knobsville Singles will be meeting on Monday, August 6, at 4 p.m. at Cherie's house to go on a mystery trip.
Open Stage Hustontown Area Volunteer Fire Co. will sponsor an open stage Saturday, July 28, beginning at 6 p.m. The kitchen will open at 5 p.m. Free admission.
Path Valley Homecoming The 105th annual Path Valley Picnic and Homecoming will be held August 15-18, at Hammond's Grove, Route 75, north of Spring Run, sponsored by Fannett-Metal Volunteer Fire Co. Admission and parking are free. Everyone is welcome to attend. The annual parade will be held Thursday, August 16, at 6:30 p.m.
Flag Football League Forming Hancock Flag Football sign-up will be August 2 and August 3, from 5 p.m. to 8 p.m., at Hancock Community Center. Children entering kindergarten thru second grade are eligible to participate. Registration per child will be $35. Please bring a copy of birth certificate and two proofs of residency. Any questions, please call 301-678-7605 or e-mail email@example.com.
Second Time Around Second Time Around is featuring a new wrinkle on the fourth Saturday of each month. The next will be July 28, from noon until 2 p.m. Whatever fits into a grocery bag will cost $1 or if you prefer a canned goods costing at least $1. All proceeds of the sale will go to Center Church Community Food Bank that furnishes food to anyone in need.
Love's Closet Love's Closet will be open Saturday, July 28, fom 9 a.m. to 11 a.m., at 117 West Market Street ,in the alley behind the McConnellsburg United Methodist Church. Clothing, shoes, household items, cleaning supplies, toiletries, toys and more free. Sponsored by United Methodist Churches of McConnellsburg.
Community Yard Sale Pleasant Grove Christian Church, located 3 miles west of Needmore on Pleasant Grove Rd., will hold a community yard sale on Saturday, August 11, from 8 a.m. to 2 p.m.
Art Exhibit An art exhibit will be held again this year in conjunction with the Peach Festival in Fort Loudon Saturday, August 18. Artists are invited to deliver up to four original artworks to the Community Center on Friday, August 17, from 5 p.m. to 7 p.m. All mediums are welcome, however, do not bring sculpture, prints or photographs. Pictures should be dry, framed and ready to hang with a wire on the back. All entries should have name, address, phone and price attached to the back of the work. Pictures will not be judged, but there will be a People's Choice Award. There is no entry fee or commission on sales. Donations are welcome. Working artists are encouraged to set up to paint on site at the Community Grounds. For more information, contact Linda Best at 717-369-2249.
Living History At Library Erma Anderson will be at Fulton County Library August 11, at 10 a.m. to talk more about her work and travels. She will share her experiences as an indepent math and science consultant for American International Schools. She also was a former teacher from Southern Fulton High School.
Free Clothing Free clothing, bedding, household items and personal hygiene products will be available at St. Stephen Catholic Church Tuesday, August 21 at 9 a.m. Further information may be obtained by calling 485-5917.
Carwash/Bake Sale Boy Scout Troop 45 is hosting a carwash/ bake sale on Saturday, August 4, from 8 a.m. to noon at All Things Automotive, McConnellsburg.
Fulton County Fair Participants Premium books are no longer being mailed to exhibitors. Please see local businesses to pick up this year's copy. Rabbit check-in will be Saturday, August 11, at noon. All other entries will be accepted on August 12 and 13 at the fair office. Payment of premiums contingent upon allocation of state fair funds.
Whips Cove Festival Whips Cove Church's annual festival will be held Saturday, August 4, at 5 p.m. Entertainment will be by The New Connection. Games all ages and homemade food.
Festival Laurel Ridge Christian Church of Big Cove Tannery will hold its annual festival Saturday, August 11, at 5 p.m., rain or shine. Plenty of homemade soups and baked goods, barbecues, hamburgers, hot dogs, french fries, soda and homemade ice cream. Music will be provided by Guilford Station and there will be puppets by Pastor Hamilton and family and other activities for youths. All are invited for a night of good food and fellowship.
Community Family Picnic The second community family picnic will be held Saturday, August 4, from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m. at Dasher Mountain Farm, 586 Buck Hollow Road, Big Cove Tannery and all are invited. Bring a favorite covered dish and a jug of iced tea or lemonade to share. A lawn chair and a fishing pole if wanting to fish. Hot dogs, burgers and rolls will be provided. There will be games for the kids, cake walk and a pie auction. If planning to attend, please call 485-5602.
Grandma Ann's Peach Pie Sale St. Stephen's Family Life Committee is sponsoring a peach pie sale Saturday, August 25. Pies may be picked up after 9 a.m. The cost of the pies are $8 for plain and $9 for crumb topping. To place an order, call 485-5917.
Barbecue Chicken Dinners Knobsville United Methodist Church is selling barbecue chicken dinners Saturday, August 4, from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. Each dinner is $10 and includes half a barbecue chicken, baked potato, baked beans, maca- roni salad, applesauce and beverage. Half a chicken with no sides will be for sale for $7. There will be baked goods for sale. Eat in or take out. The chicken will be prepared on site by Marty Smith's BBQ from Chambersburg. The church is located at 11048 Waterfall Road. For more information, call 717-485- 3539 or 717-987-3164.
Ice Cream Festivals Fairview United Methodist Church will hold an ice cream festival September 8. The church is located four miles north of Hustontown on North Hess Road. Homemade ice cream, soups, sandwiches, french fries and desserts will be sold. The festivals begin at 4 p.m. All are welcome.
Chicken BBQ Warfordsburg Presbyterian Church will hold a chicken barbecue August 11, from 3 p.m. to 6 p.m. Eat in or carryouts available. Cost is $6 for half a chicken and $8 for the meal. More information may be obtained by calling 294-3028.
Community Wellness/Silver Sneakers/Prime Community Wellness/Silver Sneakers/Prime will be held Monday, Tuesday and Thursday, from 6 a.m. to 7 a.m. and 1 p.m. to 6:30 p.m. and Wednesday and Friday, 7 a.m. to 3:30 p.m., at Fulton County Medical Center cardiopulmonary rehab gym. The cost is based on insurance. Call Kim or Patti at 717-485-6149 to see if insurance provider is accepted. Community Wellness is $40/month/person or $70/month/couple.
Yoga Classes Reaching Wellness yoga classes will be held for all ages every Wednesday, 4:30 p.m. and 6:30 p.m., at Community State Bank. Call for cost and to register at 717-485- 4492.
Zumba Classes Zumba classes will be offered at Mc- Connellsburg Firehall Wednesday evenings at 7:15 p.m. More information may be obtained by contacting Sarah at 814- 259-3667.
Nutrition Class Fulton County nutrition awareness classes are held at Warfordsburg Senior Center on the third Monday of every month. When the third Monday is a holiday, it is held the fourth Monday from 10 a.m. to noon. To register or sign up for lunch, call 717-294-6020.
McConnellsburg AA Meetings The McConnellsburg Chapter of Alcoholics Anonymous will meet on Wednesdays at 7 p.m. every week at the Alumni Building basement, McConnellsburg.
Nutrition Class Fulton County nutrition awareness classes are held at Warfordsburg Senior Center on the third Monday of every month. When the third Monday is a holiday, it is held the fourth Monday from 10:00 a.m. to noon. To register or sign up for lunch call 717-294-6020.
McConnellsburg AA Meetings The McConnellsburg Chapter of Alcoholics Anonymous will meet on Wednesdays at 7:00 p.m. every week at the Alumni Building Basement, McConnellsburg.
Free Blood Pressure Screenings Free blood pressure screenings will be given at the following locations: McConnellsburg Senior Center the first Thursday of every month from 11 a.m. to 12:30 p.m.; Hann's Apartments the second Monday of every month from 11 a.m. to 11:30 a.m.; Warfordsburg Senior Center the third Wednesday of every month from 11:00 a.m. to 12:30 p.m.; and Hustontown Senior Center the third Thursday of every month from 11:15 a.m. to 11:45 a.m.
Zumba Fitness Reaching Wellness Zumba fitness class will be held for all ages every Friday at 6 p.m., at McConnellsburg Alumni & Friends building. More information may be obtained by calling 717-253-7599 or at firstname.lastname@example.com.
MHS Class Of 2007 Reunion The five-year reunion for McConnellsburg High School Class of 2007 will be held August 4 at 3 p.m. at the VFW campgrounds in Big Cove Tannery. Please bring a covered dish to share. Hamburgers and hot dogs will be provided. To RSVP or for any questions, contact Kaitlin at 717-262-3547, Amanda at 717-552-3158 or Erin at 717-552- 3613.
Greenhill Reunion Cancelled The Greenhill alumni reunion has been cancelled for this year.
Shore/Cousins Reunion The Shore/Cousins reunion will be held July 28 at Burnt Cabins Grist Mill. Lunch will be at noon. Bring a covered dish.
MHS Class Of 1992 Reunion McConnellsburg High School Class of 1992 will hold a reunion Saturday, August 25, at Great Cove Golf Course at 5:30 p.m. Light refreshments will be served and a DJ will be spinning some tunes. Cost is $20 for classmates or $35 per couple. Please RSVP by August 11 to firstname.lastname@example.com or call Julie Elvey Dovey at 485- 5923.
Back Run School Reunion Back Run School will hold its 13th annual reunion Saturday, August 4, at the senior citizen building at 100 Woodside Drive, just off Cito Road. The doors will open at 10 a.m. Anyone who attended the Back Run School is welcome. Bring a hot or cold dish and join in the fun. More information may be obtained by calling Marilyn (Mellott) Anderson at 717-485-3764.
Shaw Reunion The annual reunion of the descedants of James and Elizabeth Baird Shaw will be held Sunday, August 5, at Widmeyer Park in Hancock. Lunch will be served at 1 p.m.
Rhodes Reunion The Rhodes family reunion will be held August 5 at the VFW picnic grounds. Lunch will be at noon. Bring a covered dish and a grab bag.
Ward Reunion The Ward reunion will be held Sunday, July 29, at Buck Valley Park. Lunch will be served at 1 p.m. Bring a covered dish.
McKee Reunion The annual McKee reunion will be held August 4, at Warfordsburg Community Park, next to the senior center. Eat at approximately 1 p.m. Please bring a covered dish and an item for the silent auction. Everyone is welcome. There will be games and fun for all.
DeShong Reunion The family of Elvie and Regina DeShong will hold their annual reunion at Knobsville United Methodist Church July 29 at 12:30 p.m. More information may be obtained by calling 717-485-5413.
Legion Meeting American Legion Post 561 active members regular meeting is the first Tuesday of every month at 7 p.m. Auxiliary members meet the second Wednesday of each month at 7 p.m. Members of both organizations are urged to attend.
PARSE Meeting Pennsylvania Association of Retired StateEmployees(PARSE)hasa9a.m.breakfastmeetingon the second Wednesday of every month at McConnellsburg FOVA (VFW). If roads are snow-covered, meeting will be cancelled. All retired state employees and spouses are invited to attend. For additional information, call 717-294-3861.
Democratic Meetings The Fulton County Democratic Club meets the second Tuesday of each month at 7 p.m. in the Democratic Headquarters building at 123 South Second Street in McConnellsburg. Meetings are open to the public, light refreshments are provided and all are welcome. More information may be obtained by calling 485 3386.
Scout Meeting Boy Scouts of America Troop 43 meets every Friday night from 6 p.m. to 7 p.m., at the VFW, 518 Lincoln Way East, McConnellsburg. Open to all boys 11-18 years of age. Monetary donations and help will be accepted. More information may be obtained by contacting Scoutmaster Martin Seylar at 717-485-4093.


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Mike Brown, we hardly knew ya.
Except we did know him.
Or we should have known him.
He coached only five games this season and 66 during the lockout-shortened 2011-12 campaign. But we should have understood what he was about because he shared a tiny bit of the spotlight with LeBron James for five seasons in Cleveland.
The Lakers certainly should have known who they were getting when they picked Brown over former player and longtime assistant coach Brian Shaw when Phil Jackson retired after the 2009-10 season ended in failure rather than a three-peat.
Brown was really, really good in the Buss family living room when he interviewed with team owner Jerry, son Jim and general manager Mitch Kupchak. Brown won over the Busses and Kupchak with his boundless energy and enthusiasm.
As it turned out, Brown wasn't as good on the bench or in the locker room.
But the Lakers wanted to go in a different direction after Jackson.
They liked Brown because he was the anti-Phil. Brown was outgoing, funny, talkative, frequently self-deprecating and always flashing a winning smile.
Brown was an open book. Maybe a little too open.
Brown junked the triangle offense Jackson used to win 11 NBA titles, moved center Andrew Bynum into a new role as the Lakers' secondary offensive target after superstar guard Kobe Bryant and dropped power forward Pau Gasol in the pecking order.
Brown's reputation was as a fine defensive coach rather than an offensive genius. Surprisingly, the Lakers were only so-so defensively.
A stagnant offense and a mediocre defense proved to be a bad combination.
This season, Brown tried something new, a version of the Princeton offense.
It didn't work. The Lakers were tentative and lackluster. They seemed to be thinking instead of playing. You could sense their unease from the first exhibition, the first of eight losses before they began the regular season with three more defeats.
Their lack of energy with the ball impacted their defensive play, too.
The Lakers' loss Wednesday to the Utah Jazz was the end for Brown.
Bryant's "death stare" while seated on the bench said all you needed to know about the coach's future. Brown was toast. He was a great guy, a nice man, but wrong for the job.
It takes a special man to coach the Lakers.
Brown wasn't that guy.


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Monster Hunter 3 Ultimate Screens Show Beasts and Burdens
The latest screenshots for Monster Hunter 3 Ultimate are full of more gigantic beasties and nightmarish creatures we've come to know and love. Let's check out these latest snapshots of the monsters that will turn us into smears on the ground!
As we can see from the screenshots (from the Wii U version), you'll need the help of three of your buddies to bring down these mighty titans.
The battlefields below seem to be in a desert region, including some cave interiors, so it's a safe bet that you'll need to stock up on Cool Drinks to keep your stamina from being rapidly depleted.
The game will be out on March 19th, 2013, and a demo will be available on February 21st, 2013! So sharpen up your tools and let us know what your weapon of choice will be when the monsters come a-callin'!


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It is almost impossible for people living in the early 21st Century to understand the almost mystical reverence people 100 years ago felt for technological progress. In the Edwardian world, scientists and engineers were viewed as benefactors, their products as benevolent gifts that could only improve humanity's lot. Science, and its handmaiden, Progress, had in the previous century steadily eroded a faith in God, or Gott, or Dieu, that had sustained men for 2,000 years, until it seemed that the Millennium would be ushered in not by theology but by technology. Thus the construction of the Olympic class ships – Olympic, Titanic and Gigantic – so widely believed to be unsinkable, represented the first sure steps in mankind's eventual, inevitable, triumph over the elements.
| March 20, 2012, 1:00 am


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On most cruise ships, your accommodations, standard meals, entertainment, and daytime activities are included in your fare. Then the nickel-and-diming begins.
Want a soda? Add it to your tab. Take a Pilates class? Expect a fee. Indulge at one of the fancy specialty restaurants? There's a charge for that, too. The extras quickly add up, often sinking hearts when the bill arrives at the vacation's end.
But there are cruises that thankfully buck this trend, with out-of-pocket expenses that are truly minimal. Alcoholic drinks, crew gratuities, and sometimes even airfare, shore excursions, and pre- or post-cruise hotel stays are included in the advertised price.
While these truly all-inclusive cruises are mostly in the luxury category, many other lines also offer all-inclusive options, too. It's possible to quantify the perks and often find real value. Swan Hellenic, the upscale British brand, for instance, markets its included shore excursions alone as being worth up to $825 per person.
The most all-inclusive of the cruise lines, Regent Seven Seas Cruises, did a price comparison showing that when you add in the included air, hotel stay, alcohol, excursions, and gratuities, the difference between cruising in a suite on the more luxurious Regent compared to one on a big mainstream ship was only a few dollars a day.
Scott Kertes, president of Hartford Holidays Travel and a Travel + Leisure A-List agent, says consumers need to carefully note what's included and compare apples to apples. "In the case of Regent, people might get sticker shock at, say 20 percent more, but they are including 40 percent more. You can literally step on your ship with no money in your pocket." But on a lot of "all-inclusive" ships, he adds, it's not that you have no bill but rather a lesser bill.
Larry Pimentel, president and CEO of Azamara Club Cruises, says that line recently moved to be more inclusive to simplify pricing for its international clientele. A selection of wine, beer, and spirits is now complimentary; passengers can upgrade if they choose. "If all of a sudden they want a Dom Pérignon champagne, they are going to have to pay for that," he says.
The line also added a cultural experience, AzAmazing Evenings, on every cruise. Pimentel says the nighttime event is worth $350 to $500 per passenger. When it comes to all- or mostly-inclusive cruising, Pimentel adds, "the value screams."
Find out just what the best-value all-inclusive cruise lines have to offer.


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Motherisk Helpline
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Alcohol and Substance
Read more in our News Archive
What is a teratogen?
A teratogen is an agent that causes physical or developmental abnormalities in the fetus. In order for a drug or chemical to be considered a teratogen there must be substantive evidence that taking the drug or being exposed to the chemical causes congenital abnormalities. What would Motherisk rate as a significant breakthrough in mother-child health care and research?
What would Motherisk rate as a significant breakthrough in mother-child health care and research?
Medical science has made significant progress in the prevention of neural tube defects, such as spina bifida and anencephaly. These conditions can be prevented if women take enough folic acid before and while they are pregnant. Folic acid is a vitamin found in foods like dark green vegetables, liver and lentils. Please see our recommendations about Taking Folic Acid Before You Get Pregnant. It is crucial that women of childbearing age get this message.
Must a woman avoid all medications while she is pregnant?
Although there is good reason for therapeutic caution during pregnancy, in some instances the benefit/risk ratio favours continuation of drug therapy. One of the best examples is the proper use of medication to treat seizure disorders.
How many women has Motherisk counselled?
Since its inception in 1985, the Motherisk team has counselled nearly a million women, their families and health professionals. Motherisk counsels approximately 200 callers each day. The telephone information service at Motherisk operates daily from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Each week 10 to 20 women are scheduled for the Motherisk clinic following exposure to known or suspected teratogens, new drugs with sparse information, chronic drug therapy or drugs of abuse.
Do drugs ingested by the mother reach her breast milk?
Quite often. But that doesn't mean they will affect the baby. Motherisk is currently working to understand what controls the amounts of drugs that find their way into breast milk. Most medications enter the breast milk to some degree. Researchers and clinicians who study the use of drugs during lactation will tell you that in most cases, the amount of medication that enters the breast milk will not be high enough to cause harm to the baby (less than 10% relative infant dose). In most cases, there is no need to interrupt breastfeeding. To know which specific drug is safe to use while breastfeeding, please talk to your doctor or call Motherisk.
What is the safest medication to take in pregnancy?
When it comes to medication use in pregnancy, we try to assess the safety based on animal and human studies, or on the pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic property of the drug. The safest medication should be the drug that will work best for you, has the least number of side effects, and has not been shown to cause harm to the fetus. The benefit of taking the medication should outweigh the potential risk. Always talk to your doctor before taking medications in pregnancy.
How much alcohol is safe to drink while pregnant?
Currently there is no research to indicate how much alcohol is safe. It is best not to drink any alcohol while pregnant. All alcoholic drinks are potentially harmful in pregnancy - a mixed drink, a wine cooler, a glass of wine or a bottle of beer - all contain alcohol.
When is it safe to drink alcohol while pregnant?
While most of the baby's organs develop during the first and second trimesters, brain development continues throughout pregnancy and even after birth. Exposure to alcohol at any time in the pregnancy can affect the baby's brain. Therefore, it is safest not to drink any alcohol throughout pregnancy. In fact, it is best to stop drinking before pregnancy.
Motherisk is a proud affiliate of MotherToBaby, an information service of the non-profit Organization of Teratology Information Specialists (OTIS) across North America.
* - "MOTHERISK - Treating the mother - Protecting the unborn" is an official mark of The Hospital for Sick Children. All rights reserved.
The information on this website is not intended as a substitute for the advice and care of your doctor or other health-care provider. Always consult your doctor if you have any questions about exposures during pregnancy and before you take any medications.
Copyright © 1999-2018 The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids). All rights reserved.
The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) is a health-care, teaching and research centre dedicated exclusively to children; affiliated with the University of Toronto. For general inquires please call: 416-813-1500.


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Images | January 25, 2012
Gale Crater
Context image
Gale Crater contains a large layered deposit, part of which is shown in today's VIS image. This deposit is the target of the Curiosity Lander due to land in early August 2012.
Orbit Number: 44524 Latitude: -4.64012 Longitude: 137.685 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2011-12-28 07:29
Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.


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You have a new identity once you receive Jesus into your heart. You are transformed from within. The Bible tells the following about who you are in Christ Jesus once you are born again.
I align my thinking to the Word of God. I reject everything that I have learnt and believe from my experience and from people around me, that is not in line with the Word of God. I am being transformed day after day by the renewal of my mind by God's word.
I cast down every argument and every high thing in my mind that exalts itself against the knowledge of God, bringing EVERY THOUGHT into captivity to the obedience of Christ.
The Father chose me in Christ Jesus even before the foundations of the world. God KNEW ME even before He formed me in my mother's womb. He separated me for His own purpose even before I was born. He has a plan for my life and a definite purpose. He has plans that will give me a good future and great hope.
Jesus goes into the town of Nain and as He goes in with His disciples and a crowd around Him, another crowd comes out carrying the dead body of a young man, the only son of his mother, a widow, crying along. Jesus sees this crowd at the gate of the town, is moved with compassion, touches the coffin and raises this dead man back to life! Death met Life and that which was dead was raised back to life! This is what we read in Luke 7:7-11,
God is with us and He fights our enemies, who rise up against us, and keeps us safe. But when we do not obey His voice and do what is evil in His sight, He will take His protective hand away from our lives and will deliver us into the hand of the enemies, so that we come back to him, and do all that He wants us to. Certain things are not evil in our own sight or in the sight of others, but if it does not please God and if something is not right in His eyes, then He will judge us that we may repent and turn back to Him. In Judges 6:1-10 we read,
El Shaddai is the hebrew word for 'ALMIGHTY GOD '. Gen 17 : 1, '... I am Almighty God, WALK before me and be thou perfect'.
God reveals Himself as El Shaddai - God Almighty to Abraham at a time when Abraham is 99 years old and still does not have a child through Sarah - the child God himself promised. And the bible says that both Abraham and Sarah's bodies were as good as dead - incapable of bearing children (Rom 4 :19). At the time when all his hope was fading away and when everything seemed as good as dead... God appears... and says, 'I am ALMIGHTY GOD' - I AM ABLE TO DO WHAT I HAVE PROMISED, irrespective of how things appear, irrespective of reality itself - I am ALL - MIGHTY God. And in His time God fullfiled what HE had promised and Issac was born.
We all look for someone to really love us, for someone to accept us as we are, to understand us, to care for us. No matter how much some of us may deny it, deep inside that's what we all long for – love, acceptance, understanding, care. But very often it just remains a dream, a desire. And in a world with seven billion people you find yourself alone and lonely.
No one seems to have the time for you. No one seems to notice you. People just pass you by as though you do not exist. Sometimes even the closest people – your parents, your husband / wife, your children – are so busy with everyday life and work that they seem to be ignoring you. And you have this question in your heart, 'Do they really love me, do they really care?' May be you've walked such a lonely journey through this life that life itself seems uninteresting to you.
Is that the question you are asking yourself?
After achieving all that you wanted to achieve, after reaching the place and position in your life that you wanted to reach, after having the money you always wanted to have, after having a name and a fair amount of fame in your life, after having tried all that you wanted to try to make your life happier – are you still unsatisfied? Or maybe you have achieved nothing in life and feel you are a 'nobody' in this life and so are unsatisfied. In pursuit of satisfaction you may have tried everything possible - being with family, hanging out for endless hours with friends, movies, drinking, smoking, drugs, pornography and maybe even sex! But you still feel an emptiness that nothing can fill, a longing no one can satisfy. You feel you are still missing something.
He (JESUS) was wounded for our transgressions, He was bruised for our iniquities; The chastisement for our peace was upon Him, And by His stripes we are healed'. (Isaiah 53:5)
Behold, the LORD's hand is not shortened, That it cannot save; Nor His ear heavy,That it cannot hear. But your iniquities have separated you from your God; And your sins have hidden His face from you, So that He will not hear.(Is 59 :1-2)
Jesus loves you, wants to bless you abundantly and wants to make you a blessing!
Your life on the earth is not a mere accident, a mistake or by chance. God has a plan and purpose for your life on the earth and He desires to have a personal relationship with you! When you come to know God personally and experience His love, when you start focusing on eternal truths and seek His plan and go about fulfilling the purpose for which He created you, then you will have a peace, joy and satisfaction that you would never have otherwise and enjoy His abundant blessings in your everyday life… you will find meaning and purpose in life and start experiencing the FULLNESS of LIFE that Jesus promised.
El Shaddai Tabernacle is our Church based in Bangalore, India, where we focus on glorifying Jesus Christ through our lives, making ready a people prepared for the Lord and help each one receive the life in fullness that the bible promises by growing in Christ Jesus. So, as you go through the material on this website may God give you a deeper knowledge of Himself and the meaning and purpose He has for your life; may you be encouraged and may your faith in Him grow stronger; may you understand eternal realities causing you to trust in Jesus and moving you to become holy like Him… that as a bride is prepared in every way to meet her bridegroom, you also may be prepared to meet Jesus when He comes again.
Some Bible verses that will always help you:
Romans 8:28 : 'And we know that all things work together for good for those who love God, to those who are called according to His purpose'
Ephesians 3:20 : 'Now all glory to God, who is able, through His mighty power at work within us, to accomplish infinitely more than we might ask or think'.
To know more on the meaning of El Shaddai please read the article EL SHADDAI.


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Rangers hold serve at home, even series with Caps
New York, NY – Derek Stepan's third-period goal proved to be the difference as the New York Rangers held off the Washington Capitals, 4-3, in Game 4 to even their Eastern Conference quarterfinal series at two games apiece.
Carl Hagelin registered a goal and two assists, while Dan Girardi and Brad Richards each scored once for the Rangers, who took both games at Madison Square Garden after falling down 0-2 on the road.
Henrik Lundqvist backstopped the victory with 27 saves, including 14 in the final frame to help the Rangers hang on down the stretch.
Mathieu Perreault posted a goal and an assist in the setback, with Troy Brouwer and Karl Alzner adding a tally apiece for the Capitals, who received 30 saves from Braden Holtby.
"We knew it was going to be a tough series," Holtby said. "They played really well these last two games and there is some stuff we need to work on. It's a three-game series now. We still have home-ice advantage."
Washington will look to respond from back-to-back setbacks Friday, when the series shifts back to the nation's capital for Game 5.
Hagelin's slapper from the left faceoff dot just past the midpoint of the second staked the Rangers to a 2-0 lead, but the Capitals countered with a pair of goals later in the stanza to pull even.
Perreault pounded home a rebound from the low right side off a Joel Ward miss to trim the margin in half at 13:08 before Brouwer buried a backhander with 17.1 ticks left in the frame to knot the game.
Mike Green made a nice play to keep the puck in the New York zone before tapping the puck to Brouwer, who made his way into the slot and flipped a backhander past the stick side of Lundqvist for the tying goal.
Washington winger Jason Chimera was whistled for interference as the second- period horned sounded, giving the Rangers a pivotal power play to start the third.
New York cashed in on the man advantage just 59 seconds into the final frame when Girardi rifled a one-timer from just above the left circle that beat Holtby to the short side for a 3-2 edge.
Stepan's one-timer from the low left circle doubled New York's lead at 6:02, but the Caps answered just under 90 seconds later when Alzner flipped a shot from the left point that sailed over the stick-side shoulder of Lundqvist to make it 4-3 at the 7:31 mark.
Washington would get no closer, however, as Lundqvist stood tall between the pipes the rest of the way to secure the victory.
"I thought again we played a great game," Lundqvist said. "They just kept coming back, but we did so many good things. You can see the confidence; we made a lot of good plays and I thought we deserved this one."
A turnover from Holtby set up New York's first goal, as the Washington netminder's clearing attempt from the low right circle was knocked down in the slot by Taylor Pyatt.
Hagelin then rifled a shot that John Carlson blocked in front with Holtby scrambling, but the rebound landed of the stick of Richards, who buried the disc into the back of the net to make it 1-0 with 3:35 left in the first.
Game Notes
This is the fourth time in the past five years the Rangers and Capitals have met in the postseason. The Capitals took the first two matchups, but the Rangers won a seven-game series in the conference semifinals last year ... Washington forward Martin Erat sustained an upper-body injury late in the first period and did not return ... New York forward Ryane Clowe returned from a four-game absence and posted an assist ... New York defenseman Marc Staal, who returned from a 29-game absence due to a serious eye injury in Game 3, did not play ... Rangers center Derick Brassard recorded two assists ... Ward finished with two assists for the Capitals.


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Insta-Jason March
March was an incredible month! Filled with food drives, new grocer findings, engagement sessions, Charlie's first anniversary since we adopted him.
To list it all- Jason's chiquita banana hat, brunching at home, Cheese curds at Antique Taco, early spring engagement session cityscape, group sabotage to a cart at Chi-ditarod, Charlie's dapper new anniversary bow-tie from Luxemutt, intelligentsia coffee, save the date postcard from Owen and Matt, delicious pork tacos, intelligentsia morning goodness blend, our renamed west-town neighborhood, jason and charlie passed out, lovely bake shop, charlie guarding the terrarium, homer's ice cream, honey and whiskey mixology, working antique brownie 8mm camera, Paraduxx wine at Morton's the Steakhouse celebration, grampa's tool-chest DIY chiquita banana decoration, music box theatre crowd, necklace for the stylized shoot, patiently working on string art, homemade pork medallions, learning that levi's are guaranteed for life, Little Goat (delicious!!), revamping our pantry storage, green river storage, waiting in line at Music Box theatre for Nick Offerman's meet and greet, location scouting, finishing the nails for string art, connect four games at coffee shops, and old ceramic easter bunnies.
Phew! A busy and colorful month! Here's to spring and warmer weather- AND! The beginning of chicago wedding season 2013 for Studio Finch! 🙂
Jason's Instagram: http://instagram.com/jasonbroaddus
Some of our past Insta-Jason months:
February 2013
January 2013
November 2012
October 2012
Summer 2012
June 2012
May 2012
To see more of our work check out our portfolio.
Awesome! Love it!!
Pressing follow on your instagram in 3-2-1!!
What fun- keep sharing away!!


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I think a lot about obsolescence in my work: hardware, software, and file formats. I encounter a lot of obsolescence in my personal life as well: I own a Saturn (I am currently looking for a place to get it repaired since the Saturn and GM dealerships near me both closed -- I haven't needed to drive it since it developed a coolant leak late last year, but I need it again soon); I can't seem to find the dish washing liquid I prefer except at one store; and the body wash I used for years was discontinued, as was the product I choose to replace it soon after. My liking a TV show seems to be the kiss of death, an assurance that it will soon be canceled.
It's the anniversary of my mother's death today, and for some reason I've been experiencing a strange sense memory of a beauty product my mother used, a cosmetics counter lotion that I could not for the life of me remember the name of, but I remembered the black art deco packaging and its scent vividly (and that I used to sometimes buy it for her at Hart's department store in San Jose, California, also defunct). Last night I found some web sites with images of vintage cosmetics ads and, after some extensive browsing, found an ad that jogged my memory (thanks, Found in Mom's Basement). It was a Charles of the Ritz product called Revenescence. Not surprisingly, the product and brand no longer exists.
Circling back to obsolescence, this product was apparently beloved by generations of women who continue to seek it out. I found a 6oz bottle on eBay priced, optimistically one hopes, at $395, and smaller bottles for $150. There are warnings about pirate versions! And someone has attempted to recreate it, emulate it if you will, with some success. In other words someone so valued this that a market re-emerged, and it became worth someone's while to bring back a product that was made obsolete.
How often does that happen with software? I have seen innumerable games and applications brought back through emulation, and translation and transformation tools created for file formats. But how often is a market recreated, and market value reestablished at a higher rate? Should it ever happen, as an incentive to keep a application or format alive?


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2007 Sabre 386
Interested in this boat?
- Description
- View Full Specifications
- Year:
- 2007
- Hull Material:
- Fiberglass
- Length:
- 39'
- Engine/Fuel Type:
- /
The Sabre Design Team and Jim Taylor Yacht Design have again joined forces to create a new Sabre sailing yacht. As her design evolved, the desire for luxurious accommodations, blended with great performance characteristics, rose to the top of the list of priorities. Her performance is assured by the pedigree of her designers who's successes are already well known. And as to her luxurious accommodations, Sabre's reputation for building high quality sailing yachts since 1970 should assure any sailor of the quality and integrity of her build.
Additional Specs, Equipment and Information:
Designer: Sabre Design Team - Jim Taylor Yacht Designs
Keel: Fin
Hull Shape: Monohull
LOA: 38 ft 7 in
Beam: 12 ft 8 in
LWL: 32 ft 6 in
Maximum Draft: 6 ft 9 in
Displacement: 16950 lbs
Ballast: 5764 lbs
Bridge Clearance: 56 ft 4 in
Headroom: 6 ft 4 in
Dry Weight: 16950 lbs
Engine Options
Engine Option 1: 1x Yanmar 4JH3-TBE Yanmar 4JH3-TBE 40 HP
Fresh Water Tanks: (90 Gallons)
Fuel Tanks: (40 Gallons)
Holding Tanks: (30 Gallons)
Number of single berths: 7
Number of heads: 1
Additional Features
- Fully equipped tool kit.
- 3 type A, B, C fire extinguishers
- Louvered main cabin locker doors.
- Cockpit locker light.
- Marelon thru-hulls and seavalves.
- Hoses greater then 1" diameter that are below the waterline are double clamped.
- Ash hull ceilings.
- Propane 2 burner stove with oven and gas sniffer.
- Hot and cold pressure water.
- Varnished interior cherry finish with teak and holly cabin sole.
- Dovetailed drawers.
- Automatic electric and 1 manual bilge pump.
- Aluminum, keel stepped, mast with double swept airfoil spreaders, mast-head rig with white Awlgrip finish. Internal main and genoa halyards.
- Prewired with VHF radio cable.
Additional Description
- Scandvik polished stainless steel double galley sink.
- 6'4" headroom.
- Forward cabin contains two 6'8" v-berths.
- Main cabin contains a 6'5" settee berth to port which converts to a double.
- Aft cabin with double berth.
- Aft head with separate stall shower.
- Forward cabin equipped with vanity sink.
- Quiet Flush head.
Additional Description
- Three 12 volt 110 amp group 31 deep cycle marine batteries.
- 50 foot shore power cord with GFI protection.
- Master AC/DC Bass 6200 marine circuit breaker panels.
- All wiring is tinned, color coded and meets USCG standards.
Additional Description
- Yanmar 40 hp - fresh water cooled diesel with 2.72:1 reduction gear. Electrical shut-off.
- 12 volt 80 amp alternator.
- 40 gallon custom aluminum fuel tank, deck filled, shut-off valve, vented and grounded.
- Racor fuel filter/water separator.
- Raw water intake strainer with wrench.
- Four point engine mount system optimized to reduce vibration adn noise
- Engine compartment exhause blower
- Engine compartment light
- Complete engine access through sound and heat insulated removable panels.
Additional Description
- Closed cell Divinycell PVC foam cored, hand-laminated fiberglass of alternate layers of mat knitted biaxial roving.
- ISO NPG gelcoat.
- Below waterline, Sabre technology is utilized, consisting of chopped strand glass and vinylester resin as a back up for ISO NPG gelcoat.
- Internal deck to hull joint.
- Molded in double boot and single cove stripes.
- Bulkheads, berth faces, shelves and floor stringers laminated to hull providing integral, structural strength.
- Step transom
- A modern NACA section fin keel cast in lead with antimony added for strength.
- Thru-bolted to a reinforced hull keel sump with stainless steel bolts and bronze nuts.
Interested in this boat?
*This price is based on today's currency conversion rate.
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Bjorn Johnson Skater Profile
Sponsors: Element, DC, RVCA, Theeve
Hometown: New Plymouth New Zealand, Stance: Regular, Age: , Status: Am
Last Update: Friday, October 1, 2010 Submit an Update
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