text:
The East Coast is still rebuilding after Superstorm Sandy killed at least 125 people in the United States and caused about $62 billion in damage in October.
But it could have been a lot worse.
Thanks to the warnings from the National Hurricane Center days in advance, many were able to evacuate.
Weather forecasters can predict the path of a storm with amazing accuracy, thanks to better satellites, smarter computer models and faster computers.
Weather organizations, like the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) collect "on order of billions" of pieces of data every day in order to predict the weather, Bill Lapenta, acting director of the environmental modeling center for NOAA told Business Insider.
But the process isn't easy and forecasters don't make people evacuate their cities unless they're sure.
For instance, in the seven-day forecast before Hurricane Sandy, U.S. forecasters didn't sound the alarm, even though the European forecasters were already seeing a big, bad storm coming our way. This situation lead to some criticism that NOAA doesn't have the resources it needs to warn of life threatening storms fast enough.
The U.S. team tweaked their model and five days before, "The U.S. and European models were locked in and consistent and forecasters had a high level of confidence that said something unprecedented was going to happen," Lapenta said.
The fact is, he says, predicting weather seven days in advance is still pretty difficult to do.
Predictions actually start with airplanes and a group of brave pilots who call themselves the "Hurricane Hunters."
Here's a breakdown of how they gather data and save lives:
1. Storm chasers fly airplanes to "conduct tropical storm reconnaissance," explains the Hurricane Hunters Association. These Hurricane Hunters are members of the Air Force's 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron (53rd WRS) out of Keesler Air Force Base near Biloxi, Mississippi. They can fly up to 3 storms at a time. Many of the pilots work part-time for the WRS and are civilians with regular jobs.
Plus NOAA has its own aircraft that make similar flights out of MacDill Air Force Base in Tampa, Florida.
These pilots will literally fly into a hurricane (at 10,000) feet to gather data.
Here's a look at the Hurricane Hunter planes and the people.
2. Pilots drop capsules from their airplanes into the hurricanes. The capsules are called "dropsondes" and they transmit a constant stream of weather data. Here's what the dropsondes looks like.
3. Weather forecasters also use satellites to watch the storm. During Sandy, the Hurricane center was taking satellite images every 7 1/2 minutes, reports NPR's Jon Hamilton.
Here's what Superstorm Sandy looked like on satellite as it hit the coast.
4. Doppler radar is another tool for storm watching. It detects rain associated with a hurricane and can help forecasters figure out how big a storm is and will become.
Here's what Sandy looked like via Doppler radar images.
5. Weather scientists take those billions of pieces of data, combine them with the latest scientific knowledge about the atmosphere, seas, ice, land masses to make models of the weather pattern. These models let forecasters visualize how the storm is forming and what direction it will move.
NOAA wrote their own software for this, some 30-odd years ago, using a popular mainframe language of the day (which is now considered a dinosaur) called Fortran. That software has been updated and kept fresh over the years to take advantages of the latest advances in hardware, Lapenta says.
6. The models run on powerful supercomputers.
Here is a photo of NOAA's brand new supercomputer center in Wyoming.
Here's a video of how the Hurricane Hunters do it:// OO.ready(function() { OO.Player.create('ooyalaplayer', 'pqc3JxODp-4bNOwqioFIzIlyQRWHKcZn'); }); //
Produced by William Wei
Don't miss: The Future Of Business


text:
Junior8135 necesitaba un nuevo diseño de página web y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 53 diseños de 5 diseñadores freelance.
Guia de Mudanças
Ours business is a webpage that makes advertising for moving companies... the actual website is : http://www.guiademudancas.com.br
The site is a guide to people looking for moving companies with discounts.
The term "GuiadeMudancas" comes from Portuguese language and it means "Guide for Moving Companies"
We need a new site layout , totally professional and clean:
3 different webpages that are:
The landing page:
(we need to maintain the Cities names and the phrase:"Vai Mudar? Clique em seu estado " that means :" Are you moving? Click on your state/city: ")
the second page:
(we need to maintain the 3 lines with the 9 logo in the same positions, but maybe you can change the exposition. Maintain the flash on the left in 110x110, and maintain the little logos(38x38) on the right...that are 5 logos on top...and 13 below....)
the third page:
( its a hotsite of the company)
We want the menu in horizontal ....( the menu is just the : Home/Dicas/Anuncie Aqui) in all pages...
Please Use the logo Uploaded
My actual website is made at Visual Studio 2010 .net.
I want the site in tableless and css....

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Accessibility tools
Service tools
Language selector
Navigation path
Left navigation
Additional tools
European Commission
Press release
Brussels, 20 June 2013
Environment: Commission takes Greece to Court over nitrate pollution
On the recommendation of Environment Commissioner Janez Potočnik, the European Commission is referring Greece to the EU Court of Justice for failing to take measures to guarantee that water pollution by nitrates is addressed effectively. Although the Nitrates Directive has been in force since 1991, Greece has still not designated a number of zones vulnerable to nitrates pollution, and it has yet to adopt measures to effectively combat nitrates pollution in these zones.
Nitrates are essential for plants to grow, and they are widely used as fertilisers, but excess levels cause severe water pollution. The Nitrates Directive aims to protect water quality across Europe by preventing nitrates from agricultural sources polluting ground and surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices. Member States have to designate areas that are vulnerable to nitrate pollution and adopt measures to reduce and prevent pollution in those areas. These must include closed periods when manure and chemical fertilizers cannot be spread, a capacity for storing manure when it cannot be spread, and limitations on fertilizer application.
Water quality data shows that some areas of Greece not currently designated are in fact vulnerable to pollution by nitrates. The Commission is therefore pressing Greece to take action by designating more areas and designing appropriate plans to deal with the problem.
The Commission sent a reasoned opinion to Greece on 1 October 2012, urging swift action to redress the situation. In response to this Reasoned Opinion, Greece designated some additional Nitrates Vulnerable Zones. Although this new designation is a step in the right direction it does not address all grievances as identified by the Commission, as other areas still need to be designated as vulnerable zones, or have only been partially designated. The Commission has therefore decided to refer the case to the EU Court of Justice.
The Nitrates Directive requires Member States to monitor their waters and identify those affected, or likely to be affected, by pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources. It requires Member States to designate as Nitrate Vulnerable Zones all known areas of land in their territories which drain into these waters and which contribute to pollution. They must also set up appropriate action programmes for these zones, aiming at preventing and reducing such pollution.
Excess levels of nitrates can damage freshwaters and the marine environment by a process known as eutrophication, promoting excessive growth of algae that chokes other life and leading to effects such as the death of fish in lakes and rivers. Purifying excess nitrates from drinking water is also a very costly process.
Further information
On implementation of Community environmental legislation:
For more information on infringement procedures: http://ec.europa.eu/eu_law/infringements/infringements_en.htm
See also:
On the June infringement package decisions, see MEMO/13/583
On the general infringement procedure, see also MEMO/12/12
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text:
There are four reasons for you to be interested in this Standard:
1. The use of motorized vehicles imposes risks of death or permanent impairment due to head injury.
2. The proper use of protective helmets can minimize the risk of death or permanent impairment.
3. The protective capacity of a helmet is difficult to measure, particularly at the time of purchase or use.
4. Snell certification backed by ongoing random sample testing identifies those helmet models providing and maintaining the highest levels of head protection.
Five of the most critical elements affecting a helmet's protective properties are:
1. Impact management - how well the helmet protects against collisions with large objects.
2. Helmet positional stability - whether the helmet will be in place, on the head, when it's needed.
3. Retention system strength - whether the chinstraps are sufficiently strong to hold the helmet throughout a head impact.
4. Extent of Protection - the area of the head protected by the helmet.
5. Flame Resistance - whether the helmet will withstand exposure to direct flame
This Standard describes simple tests for all five of these items. However, the tests for the second item, helmet stability, of necessity presume that the helmet is well matched to the wearer's head and that it has been carefully adjusted to obtain the best fit possible. Unless you take similar care in the selection and fitting of your own helmet, you may not obtain the level of protection that current headgear can provide.
The Foundation recommends the simple, straightforward procedure recommended to consumers by most helmet manufacturers:
Position the helmet on your head so that it sits low on your forehead; if you can't see the edge of the brim at the extreme upper range of your vision, the helmet is probably out of place. Adjust the retention system so that when in use, it will hold the helmet firmly in place. This positioning and adjusting should be repeated to obtain the very best result possible. The procedure initially may be time consuming. Take the time.
Try to remove the helmet without undoing the retention system closures. If the helmet comes off or shifts over your eyes, readjust and try again. If no adjustment seems to work, this helmet is not for you; try another.
This procedure is also the basis of the test for helmet stability described in this Standard. This test performs the same steps but uses standard headforms.
However, you must still perform this procedure for yourself when buying a helmet and every time you wear a helmet. Only in this way will you be able to make all the proper adjustments to get the best fit possible. Furthermore, your test on your own head will be an improvement on ours; you will determine whether the helmet is appropriate for you personally.
There are several other important aspects of helmets to consider. Full face helmets provide a measure of protection from facial injuries. The external shell of these helmets includes a rigid "chin" bar that passes from left to right over the lower part of the face. The Foundation has devised special tests for the chin bars of full face helmets.
Some helmets come with a separate structure that bolts to the helmet in order to cover the lower part of the face. These removable chin bars are often intended to deflect small stones and debris encountered in some sports and may not be effective facial protection in falls and accidents. The Foundation does not test removable chin bars and considers any headgear equipped with them to be an open face helmet.
If a full face helmet is equipped with a face shield, it may also provide a measure of eye protection. The Foundation tests the face shields of full face helmets for particle penetration resistance. Face shields provided with open face helmets generally do not provide the same levels of eye protection and, for that reason are not considered.
The shells of both open and full face helmets should also provide a measure of protection from penetration. The Foundation tests the shells of both full and open face helmets for penetration resistance.
Effective headgear must be removable. Paramedics and other emergency personnel must be able to quickly remove headgear from accident victims in order to check for vital signs and to perform emergency procedures. The Foundation has devised tests and criteria for helmet removability.
The Foundation tests helmets for visual field. The helmet must provide a minimum range of vision as measured on standard headforms. However, the range of vision you obtain may vary considerably from our measurement.
It is also important to remember that the visual field requirements are based on the needs of people participating in well regulated and controlled events. For this reason, the requirements are considerably less than those the Foundation requires for street use headgear such as for motorcycle helmets. Be absolutely certain that the helmet and face shield permit you adequate vision for every intended use. Specifically, if your automotive racing helmet is only sufficient for controlled track events, don't use it for street motorcycling.
Finally, there are several important factors which the Foundation does not
consider directly but which bear on the effectiveness of protective helmets. Be
certain your helmet wearable, that is that it's comfortable and adequately
ventilated when worn for prolonged periods. A helmet that is not worn won't
protect anyone.
In a racing accident, drivers and passengers may suffer injury or death. Helmets on the market today offer varying degrees of protection, but the consumer has little basis for judging the relative effectiveness of a given model. This Standard presents a rational means for differentiating between helmets which meet specified standards for impact (crash) protection and retention system strength and those which do not.
The Snell Foundation urges that protective helmets be required for all individuals participating in supervised racing events and encourages the general public to wear helmets which meet appropriate performance standards(1).
This 1995 Standard establishes performance characteristics particularly suited to the conditions of automotive racing which may include complete harness and restraint systems, elaborate roll bar cages, and reduced visual field requirements. This Standard does not establish construction and material specifications. The Foundation does not recommend specific materials or designs. Manufacturers voluntarily submit helmets to be tested to this Standard and if the submitted helmets pass, a certification is issued.
The Foundation will make available the identity of those products which have been Snell certified but will not attempt to rank those products according to performance nor to any other criteria. Neither does the Foundation distinguish between the needs of participants in competitive events and those of the general public.
All of the requirements described herein, including both initial certification and random sample testing, are an integral part of this Standard. No helmet can satisfy the Standard unless it is subject to both certification and random sample testing by the Foundation.
Snell certification for protective headgear requires a specific contractual agreement between the primary headgear manufacturer and the Foundation. Certification procedures may be obtained upon application to the Foundation.
SNELL MEMORIAL FOUNDATION is a registered certification mark and SA-95 is
a certification mark of the Snell Memorial Foundation.
This Standard addresses the problem of protecting the head from direct impact with surfaces or objects that might be encountered in a racing accident. The Standard prescribes direct measures of several factors bearing on a helmet's ability to protect the head as well as its general serviceability as automotive racing headgear. Thus, this Standard is directed towards the kinds of performance bearing on head protection that may not readily be discernable by even knowledgeable consumers at the time of purchase.
Some of these performance requirements have been expressed in terms of limitations on the various components and features of the single general helmet configuration currently available. These expressions have been used only for the sake of clarity and should not be misinterpreted as requiring specific configurations or materials. As newer helmet technologies appear, these limitations will be re-examined and, perhaps, restated.
A racing helmet consists generally of a rigid head covering and a retention system composed of flexible straps and hardware. The rigid covering consists of a stiff outer shell and a crushable liner. The stiff outer shell protects by its capacity to spread a concentrated load at its outer surface over a larger area of the liner and the wearer's head. The crushable liner protects the head from direct impact by its capacity to manage impact energy.
The retention system holds the headgear in position throughout normal usage and especially during falls and accidents. This Standard applies two different tests to the retention system. The first of these tests for stability by fitting the headgear to a standard headform and then attempting to displace it by applying tangential shock loadings. The second tests retention system strength by applying a shock load to the system components through a simulated chin.
The quality of the fit and the care taken with the adjustments are absolutely critical elements in these tests. The manufacturer must provide suitable guidance so that the wearer will be able to select and adjust headgear to obtain the necessary quality of fit and positional stability.
The capacity for impact protection is determined by direct measurement of the shock delivered through the helmet to a headform when the helmeted headform is dropped in a specified manner onto any of three unyielding anvils. A fourth anvil is used to test impact protection for repeated strikes against a roll cage assembly.
Most racing helmets are intended to accommodate a range of head sizes and shapes. Various thicknesses of resilient lining material are sometimes placed within otherwise identical helmets during production or during fitting to configure the helmet to several different ranges of head size. This resilient padding does not significantly affect the way the helmet absorbs and attenuates impact and is not directly addressed in this Standard.
The helmet must also resist penetration by projectiles such as parts of exploding engines or other damaged mechanical assemblies. This capacity is tested by placing the helmet on a headform and dropping a metal cone of specified mass and geometry onto the shell. The tip of this cone must not penetrate to the headform.
Similarly, the helmets must resist chemical attack by solvents and petrochemicals associated with motorsports. This capacity may be tested by applying a solvent mix before further conditioning and testing.
Since race drivers are frequently unable to escape quickly from accident involved vehicles, their helmets must also provide some measure of protection against fire. Exposed helmet components, whether internal or external must be flame resistant. They must not be combustible and when exposed to high temperatures, must self extinguish when the heat load is removed.
Helmet components are tested separately for flame resistance by exposing them to a direct propane flame of a specified temperature for specified periods time. When the flame is withdrawn, each of these components must self extinguish within a specified time limit. Furthermore, when the helmet shell is tested, the temperature of the lining material within the helmet that would presumably touch the wearer's head must not exceed 70C.
The chin strap must also be flame resistant. The chin strap will be tested similarly to other helmet components. It must not melt and must self extinguish within the allowed time.
Full face helmets provide a measure of facial protection in addition to the impact protection generally sought. The principle feature of a full face helmet is a chin bar that extends forward to cover the jaw area converting the facial opening into a visual port. Frequently, a face shield is also provided so that the wearer's face is completely covered.
In order to be considered a full face helmet, the chin bar must be an integral part of the helmet structure. The Standard then tests the rigidity of the chin bar by dropping a weight onto it at a specified velocity so as to attempt to force the chin bar toward the interior of the helmet. The chin bar must not deflect more than a specified amount.
If a face shield is provided with a full face helmet, then this face shield must resist penetration by small particles. A sharp lead pellet of a specified weight is directed into the face shield at a specified velocity. The pellet must not penetrate into the helmet interior.
This face shield must also withstand a flammability test. As for other components, the face shield must be self extinguishing within an allotted time. Furthermore, the face shield must not melt down allowing the flame to reach the interior of the helmet.
Finally, this face shield must have a positive "hold down". Since inadvertent displacement of the face shield during racing could have disastrous consequences, the only way to remove or raise the face shield from its normal operating position must involve the deliberate disengagement of some catch mechanism. Friction mechanisms will not satisfy this requirement.
This Standard also includes a test intended to determine whether the headgear may be removed from a living but perhaps unconscious accident victim quickly, easily and reliably in spite of any damage the headgear might reasonably be expected to sustain. Traditional helmet architectures have satisfied this requirement so readily that many Standards including previous Snell Foundation Standards have not mentioned it. Even so, it is unthinkable that a headgear might protect its wearer in an accident only to thwart attempts at rescue afterward.
Ventilation and frequently, forced air ventilation, are important considerations for automotive racing. This Standard does not limit the diameter of ventilation holes in the helmet shell but makes specific mention of the kinds of ports and fittings appropriate for forced air ventilation. However, there are no direct demands on either the quantity or quality of air flow to the wearer.
Other general features of racing helmets may include eyeshades and accommodations for goggles. These features deal with matters of safety and comfort that are not directly addressed in this Standard but which merit the consideration of wearers as well as manufacturers.
Although helmet use has been shown to reduce the risk of head injuries significantly, there are limits to a helmet's protective capability. No helmet can protect the wearer against all foreseeable accidents. Therefore injury may occur in accidents which exceed the protective capability of any helmet including even those helmets meeting the requirements of this Standard.
A helmet's protective capability may be exhausted protecting the wearer in an accident. Helmets are constructed so that the energy of a blow is managed by the helmet, causing its partial destruction. The damage may not be readily apparent and the Foundation strongly recommends that a helmet involved in an accident be returned to the manufacturer for complete inspection. If it is not possible to do so, the helmet should always be destroyed and replaced.
Finally, the protective capability may diminish over time. Some helmets are
made of materials which deteriorate with age and therefore have a limited life
span. At the present time, the Foundation recommends that racing helmets be
replaced after five (5) years, or less if the manufacturer so recommends.
A. General
The assembled helmet shall have smooth external and internal surfaces. Any feature projecting more than 7 mm beyond the outer surface must readily break away; all other projections on the outer surface shall be smoothly faired and offer minimal frictional resistance to tangential impact forces. Rivets and similar projections into the helmet interior must offer no laceration or puncture hazard. Restraint clips may be used at the rear or on the side of the helmet. The helmet shall provide as nearly uniform impact protection over the entire protected area as is possible.
If the absence of any detachable component of the helmet does not prevent its being worn, then this absence must not compromise either the retention system or the impact protection. If any part of the helmet detaches during testing, it must offer no laceration or puncture hazard nor reduce the coverage of the head.
If the manufacturer provides add-ons such as visors, face shields and neck curtains with the helmet, these add-ons must neither lessen the protective capability of the basic helmet nor create a direct hazard for the wearer.
B. Shell
If rivets are used, the heads shall not have sharp edges and shall not project more than two mm from the outer surface of the helmet.
C. Ventilation
Ventilation inlets and outlets may be used provided they are made of flexible materials such as rubber or vinyl plastic. Ports and fittings for forced air ventilation must comply with all the general requirements on helmet features. When connected to the forced air sources, these ports and fittings must not limit the range of motion of the head and must not interfere with a quick escape from the vehicle.
D. Materials
Ideally, materials used in the manufacture of the helmet should be of durable quality and not be harmed by exposure to sun, rain, dust, vibration, sweat or products applied to the skin or hair. Similarly, the materials should not degrade due to temperature extremes likely to be encountered in routine storage or transportation.
Materials which are known to cause skin irritation or are conducive to disease shall not be used for the parts which contact the skin. Materials that support the growth of fungi or algae shall not be used. Lining materials, if used, may be detachable for the purpose of washing so long as their absence does not degrade the protective capabilities.
E. Finish
All edges of the helmet shall be smoothed and rounded with no metallic parts or other rigid projections on the inside of the shell that might injure the wearer's head in the event of impact.
F. Retention System
The retention system shall be designed so as to discourage misuse. That is, of all the ways in which the retention system might be used, the design use shall be the simplest and quickest to implement. Helmets shall not be fitted with "non-essential" features which, if misused, can degrade the performance. Quick release buckles, if used, shall not be able to be released inadvertently.
G. Peripheral Vision
The helmet shall provide peripheral visual clearance as measured using a reference headform appropriate to the size of the helmet. This peripheral vision includes a horizontal clearance of at least 180, an upward clearance of at least 5 and a downward clearance of at least 20. However, this downward clearance makes specific allowance for breath deflectors. These clearances are described in terms of planes fixed in the reference headforms.
Some competitive applications may require helmets with more restricted visual
fields. When justified, special addenda to this Standard will define reduced
visual fields, the procedures for determining whether a helmet satisfies the
requirement and the additional labelling requirements warning that the headgear
may be appropriate only for certain uses.
For qualification testing, helmets shall be in the same condition as those
offered for sale. No helmet or component which has been subjected to any tests
described in this Standard shall be offered for sale after testing. A total of
six (6) complete helmets must be submitted by the manufacturer for a
certification test program for each distinct structural configuration of the
models offered for sale. Five of these samples will be destroyed in testing, the
sixth shall be retained for comparison and reference.
Cosmetic changes to certified headgear are permissible. Such changes are generally limited to marking or trimming the headgear with manufacturer approved paint or tape.
Otherwise, modification of certified headgear creates new headgear which will not have the confidence and certification of the Foundation until samples have been submitted and evaluated. Manufacturers must not place the Foundation's certification label in any modified headgear for which they have not received written permission.
After-market modifiers of such certified headgear should be aware that any
structural modification may adversely affect a helmet's protective capability
and therefore invalidate the certification.
In addition to the certification testing, the Foundation will routinely obtain and test samples of previously certified models. These samples will be selected from among those stocks intended for retail sale to consumers. In this manner, the Foundation will attempt to ensure that the helmets made available to the public continue to meet the performance requirements of this Standard.
In cases where helmets are provided directly to users and do not pass through
a normal sales distribution system, the Foundation will set up alternative
procedures to monitor certified products. Specifically, if helmets are provided
directly to teams or individuals for use in organized events, the Foundation
must have access to the helmets for spot checking and non-destructive
Each helmet shall have durable, visible and legible labeling identifying the manufacturer, the month and year of manufacture, the model and the size. Labeling shall be uncoded and either in English or a language common to the area where the helmets are to be distributed. The headgear shall also be labeled to the following effect:
1. No helmet can protect the wearer against all foreseeable impacts. However, for maximum protection, the helmet must be of good fit and the retention system must be securely fastened to retain the helmet. The helmet, when fitted and fastened, shall not be removed easily.
2. This helmet is so constructed that the energy of an impact may be absorbed through its partial destruction, though damage may not be visible. If it suffers an impact, it must either be returned to the manufacturer for inspection or be destroyed and replaced.
3. Certified as a full face helmet. (or) Certified as an open face helmet. (as appropriate.)
If any of the helmet components are sensitive to common solvents, adhesives, paints or cleansers; the helmet must also bear labels to the following effect:
This helmet can be seriously damaged by some common substances without visible damage. Apply only the following: (Recommended cleaning agents, paints, adhesives and the like) as appropriate.
If the helmet model was certified according to a special addendum to this standard, each helmet shall also include the warning labels required by that addendum.
Each helmet shall also include one of the Foundation's serialized certification labels. The Snell certification label shall be placed either inside or on the outside of the helmet, as appropriate, in such a way that it cannot be removed intact.
The registered trademark (certification label) of the Snell Memorial
Foundation may be used by the manufacturer only under license from the Snell
Memorial Foundation. The specifics of licensure may be obtained from the
The extent of protection corresponds to that region of the head for which protection is sought. This region is defined according to the geometry of four reference headforms: 'A', 'E', 'J', 'M' and 'O' which are described in International Standards Organization (ISO) Draft Standard ISO DIS 6220-1983.
There are a number of planes fixed in the geometry of these headforms as shown in Figure 1. This description of the extent of protection uses the ISO definitions of the basic plane, the longitudinal plane, the transverse plane and the reference plane. Since the reference plane used in conjunction with earlier Snell Standards does not correspond at all to the definition for the ISO reference plane, a new S0 plane has been defined. Other planes have also been defined strictly for convenience and clarity.
The basic plane corresponds to the anatomical plane (Frankfort plane) that
includes the auditory meatuses and the inferior orbital rims. The longitudinal
or midsagittal plane is perpendicular to the basic plane and is the plane of
symmetry dividing the right half of the headform from the left. The transverse
or coronal plane is perpendicular to both the longitudinal and basic planes. It
corresponds to the anatomical plane that contains the two auditory meatuses and
divides the front from the rear portions of the head. The reference plane is
parallel to the basic plane and lies above it at a distance determined by the
size of the headform: 24 mm, 26 mm, 27.5 mm, 29 mm and 30 mm for the 'A' through
'O' headforms respectively.
Figure 1
These four planes are all well known entities. The remaining planes, however, have been defined purely for the purposes of this Standard. The S0 plane is parallel to the basic plane and lies above it at a distance determined by the size of the headform: 46.8 mm, 50 mm, 53 mm, 55.2 mm and 57.2 mm for the 'A' through 'O' headforms respectively.
The S3 plane is parallel to the S0 plane and the basic plane and lies between them at a distance of 26.1 mm, 28.2 mm, 30 mm, 31.5 mm and 32.2 mm below the S0 plane for the 'A' through 'O' headforms respectively. The S4 plane is also parallel to the S0 plane and lies below it a distance of 52.2 mm, 56.4 mm, 60 mm, 63 mm and 64.5 mm for the 'A' through 'O' headforms respectively.
The rear plane divides the rear third of the head from the front two thirds. It is parallel to the transverse plane and lies at a given distance behind the point where the reference plane and longitudinal planes intersect with the front surface of the headform. The distance from this point, hereafter called the reference point, is determined by the size of the headform: 128.6 mm, 139 mm, 148.4 mm, 155.8 mm and 161.5 mm for the 'A' through 'O' headforms respectively.
The fore plane is also parallel to the transverse plane. It lies behind the point where the reference plane and longitudinal planes intersect with the front surface of the headform. The distance from this point, hereafter called the reference point, is determined by the size of the headform: 39 mm, 42.2 mm, 45.2 mm, 47.4 mm and 49.2 mm for the 'A' through 'O' headforms respectively.
The extent of protection provided by the helmet must include the entire region above the S0 plane and forward of the fore plane, the entire region above the S3 plane and between the fore and rear planes and the entire region above the S4 plane and behind the rear plane. (See Figure 2.)
A. Helmet Positioning
Each helmet will be positioned on the appropriate headforms for testing according to the helmet positioning indices specified. If the manufacturer fails to provide positioning information with certification samples, the helmets will be positioned according to the best judgement of the Foundation's technical personnel. If the helmets meet certification requirements, the helmet positioning indices will be those used in all future testing.
These helmet positioning indices represent distances on the headform measured from the basic plane along the intersection with the longitudinal plane to the lower edge of the helmet.
Helmet positioning indices will be assigned for all headform sizes appropriate to the headgear. Each headgear could conceivably require four helmet positioning indices, one each for the 'A', 'E', 'J', 'M' and 'O' headforms.
B. Inspection
Each helmet will be inspected for the required labels and for compliance with the general limitations made on structure. The weight and various circumferences will be recorded for comparison with other samples of the same make and model.
Some helmets may incorporate innovations and other features not anticipated by this Standard but which raise concerns about the safety and effectiveness of the headgear. These will be referred to members of the Foundation's Board of Directors for evaluation. Any feature found to reduce the protective capacity of the headgear, whether explicitly mentioned in this Standard or not, will be a cause for rejection.
C. Marking
The helmet is placed upon the largest appropriate ISO headform, positioned according to the apposite helmet positioning index and held in place with an applied force of 50 newtons (11.25 lbs). The intersections of the shell with the various defined planes are then traced onto the outer surface of the helmet in the following manner:
The level of the S0 plane is marked on that portion of the
helmet in front of the fore plane. The level of the S3 plane is marked on that portion lying between the fore and rear planes. The level of the S4 plane is marked on that portion behind the rear plane. Finally, line segments along the fore plane are marked to join the S0 and S3 planes and, similarly, line segments along the rear plane are marked to join the S3 and S4 planes.
These lines enclose the top of the helmet and are the boundary of the required extent of protection. However, it shall not be a cause for rejection if parts of this boundary fall below the edge of the helmet. A test line shall be drawn within this extent of protection so that it is 50 mm from the closest point on the boundary. (See Figure 2)
If identical helmets are to be configured with different thicknesses of comfort padding to accommodate different ranges of head size, the required extent of protection marked on the test samples shall include the required extent of protection for each different configuration as marked on the largest headform appropriate for each. That is: the helmet must meet all the requirements of this Standard in each of the intended configurations.
D. Peripheral Vision
The clearance for peripheral vision will be checked by placing the helmet on each appropriate ISO headform, positioning it according to the apposite helmet positioning index and holding it in place with a force of 50 newtons. The clearance must include the following solid angles to the front of the headform:
1. The upward visual clearance.
2. The lateral visual clearance.
3. The downward visual clearance except for the breath deflector allowance.
The upward visual clearance is the solid angle bounded by the reference plane of the headform and a second plane tilted 5 up from the reference plane. This second plane intersects the reference plane at two points on the front surface of the headform that are 31 mm to the right and left of the longitudinal plane as shown in figure 3.
Helmets certified to a special addendum to this standard and bearing the warning labels specified in the addendum will not be subjected to the following procedures and criteria for evaluating clearances for vision. However, the procedures and criteria specified in the addendum will be applied instead.
The lateral visual clearance, as shown in figure 4, is the solid angle bounded by the reference plane, the S4 plane and the plane perpendicular to both the reference plane and the longitudinal plane and that contains the points on the front of the headform that are on the reference plane and are 31 mm to the right and to the left of the longitudinal plane.
figure 4.
The downward visual clearance is the solid angle bounded by the basic plane of the headform and a second plane tilted 20 down from the basic plane that intersects it at two points on the front surface of the headform that are 31 mm to the right and left of the longitudinal plane as shown in figure 5. However, intrusions into this downward clearance are permitted so long as the intrusions are within the breath deflector allowance.
figure 5.
The breath deflector allowance is shown in figure 6. It includes the region
that is within 31 mm to the right and left of the longitudinal plane and that
lies below the two planes that form 45 degree angles with the longitudinal plane
and that intersect it at the level of the S4 plane.
E. Performance Testing
The performance testing subjects helmets to a dynamic test of retention system strength, to a test for positional stability, to impact management tests, to helmet shell penetration tests, to flame resistance tests of various components, to a removability test, and to chin bar and face shield tests if appropriate. These tests are conducted upon helmet samples kept under laboratory ambient temperature and humidity or that have been conditioned in one of three environments simulating some of the conditions in which the helmet might reasonably be expected to be used.
Prior to conditioning and testing, samples may be exposed to solvents common to motorsports which have been found to attack and degrade some helmet components.
In certification testing, the first of the five samples is kept at laboratory ambient temperature and humidity and allowed to come to equilibrium. It is subjected first to the positional stability test and then to the impact management and other tests. The second, third, and fourth samples are conditioned hot, cold and wet. The fifth sample may be kept at laboratory ambient temperature and humidity or conditioned either cold, hot or wet. These four samples are subjected to the dynamic test of the retention system, the impact management test and the other tests.
The selection of tests, conditioning and special conditioning is left to the discretion of the Foundation's technical personnel. However, for certification testing, each of the specified tests shall be applied to at least one sample. Furthermore, it is expected that all testing will be conducted so as to exercise all the likely failure modes of the helmet.
E1. Conditioning for Testing
Test samples may be kept at laboratory ambient temperature and humidity or may be conditioned either cold, hot or wet according to the specifications given below. At the discretion of the Foundation's technical personnel and at any point during the testing, a sample previously kept at ambient may be conditioned cold, hot or wet. However, once a sample has been conditioned cold, hot or wet, the sample must be maintained in that condition throughout the rest of the testing.
The special solvent wipe conditioning described below may be applied to any sample at the discretion of the Foundation's technical personnel.
a. Special Conditioning. Prior to any impact or retention system testing helmets may first be conditioned with a solvent mix of 50% toluene and 50% isooctane. A cotton cloth or suitable substitute shall be soaked in the solvent and used as an applicator. The solvent will be applied to the shell first in an area within 5 mm of the chinstrap attachments for not less than five (5) seconds on each side and then applied to the remainder of the shell for not less than ten (10) seconds. At least thirty minutes shall elapse before further conditioning and testing.
b. Cold. The sample shall be conditioned by being exposed to a temperature of -20 C ± 2 C or, at the discretion of the Foundation's technical personnel, at a temperature of -30 ± 2. This exposure shall continue for a period of not less than four (4) hours, nor more than twenty-four (24) hours.
c. Heat. The sample shall be conditioned by being exposed to a temperature of 50 C ± 2 C for a period of not less than four (4) hours, nor more than twenty-four (24) hours.
d. Wet. The sample shall be conditioned by being continuously sprayed with water at a temperature of 25 C ± 5 C for a period of not less than four (4) hours, nor more than twenty-four (24) hours. This spray shall be directed at the helmet's external surfaces. The helmet shall not be subjected to total immersion.
All testing of these hot, cold and wet helmets shall begin within two (2) minutes from the time of removal from the conditioning apparatus. The samples shall be returned to the conditioning apparatus between tests.
E2. Positional Stability (Roll-Off)
The test for positional stability shall only be applied to samples kept at ambient laboratory temperature and humidity. The helmet shall not have been subjected to any prior performance testing.
The helmet shall be tested on the smallest appropriate standard full-face headform. The headform shall be supported on a stand so that its vertical axis points downward at an angle of 135 to the direction of gravity. The headform shall be oriented face down. The helmet shall be placed on the headform and adjusted to obtain the best configuration of the retention system. A wire rope shall be hooked to the edge of the helmet at the rear centerline and brought forward so that its free end hangs downward across the top of the helmet. An inertial hammer shall be suspended from the free end of the rope. This inertial hammer shall enable a 4.0 kg ± 50 g mass to be dropped through a 0.6 m guided fall in order to deliver an abrupt shock load to the headgear. The shock load will force the helmet to rotate forward on the headform. The helmet may be shifted but must remain on the headform.
The headform shall be repositioned so that it is facing upward but with the vertical axis still oriented downward at 135 to gravity. The helmet shall be positioned and adjusted to obtain the best configuration of the retention system. The wire rope/inertial hammer shall be hooked to the brow edge of the helmet at the center line so that the rope lies along the centerline and the hammer is suspended from the top of the helmet. The shock weight shall be dropped through the 0.6 m guided fall delivering an abrupt shock load forcing the helmet to rotate rearward. The helmet may be shifted but must remain on the headform.
The inertial hammer shall be such that its mass is no more than 5.0 kg including the 4.0 kg shock mass.
E3. Dynamic Test of Retention System
The dynamic test of the retention system may be applied to any sample either kept at ambient temperature and humidity or conditioned hot, cold or wet. This test may be performed before, after, or between any of the other procedures in the test sequence. However, the retention test shall not be valid if an integral chin bar has been removed from a full face helmet.
The helmet shall be placed on a headform in such a manner that the chin strap may be fastened under a device whose upper end approximates the contour of the bony structure of the jaw. The device will then be given a mechanical pre-load followed by a dynamic loading. The retention system fails if it cannot support the mechanical loads or if the maximum deflection during the dynamic load exceeds 30 mm. The retention system also fails if it cannot be easily and quickly unfastened after testing.
a. This chinstrap loading device shall consist of a simulated jaw and accommodations for the pre-load and dynamic load. The jaw portion shall consist of two metal bars or rollers, each one 12.7 mm ± 0.5 mm in diameter, separated by 76 mm ± 0.5 mm on center. The mass of this device shall not exceed 6.0 kg.
b. A pre-load shall be applied for at least 60 seconds. This pre-load plus the mass of the chinstrap loading device shall total 23 kg ± 500 g.
c. A 38 kg ± 500 g mass shall be dropped in a vertical guided fall a distance of 120 mm so as to load the retaining system abruptly; the 38 kg mass and pre-load mass shall not be additive. In order to protect the test mechanism, the impact of the 38 kg mass may be cushioned with a 00-93 durometer rubber pad 150 mm in diameter by 6½ mm thick, or its equivalent.
E4. Impact Management Tests
The impact management tests may be performed on samples kept at ambient temperature and humidity or conditioned hot, cold or wet. The sample shall not have been subjected to the shell penetration or flame resistance tests beforehand.
These tests involve a series of controlled impacts in which the helmet is positioned on a test headform. The helmeted headform is then dropped in guided falls onto specified test anvils. The impact site and the impact energy must meet certain requirements in order for the tests to be valid. If in a valid test, the peak acceleration imparted to the headform exceeds 300 G's, the helmet shall be rejected.
If the sample is so constructed that it interferes with the test equipment preventing impacts at sites within the test line, then, at the discretion of the Foundation's technical personnel, parts of the helmet may be cut away to facilitate testing. Every reasonable effort to minimize such cutting will be made. However, there shall be no relaxation of the impact levels or of the test criteria.
Certain tests shall not be valid when performed on samples that have been cut for impact testing: the dynamic strength of retention system test of section E3., the positional stability test of section E2., the chin bar test of section E5. and the removability test of section E9.
E4.1 Impact Management Test Equipment
The test equipment shall consist of at least the following items:
a. The smallest of the headforms appropriate for the helmet sample. This headform shall be of rigid, low resonance metal such as magnesium alloy and shall conform to the 'A', 'E', 'J', 'M' or 'O' geometries specified in ISO DIS 6220-1983.
b. A ball-arm/collar assembly which is fitted to a socket machined into the base of the headform. The ball/socket configuration shall be such that the geometrical center of the ball is located on the central vertical axis of the headform 12.7 mm above the reference plane as described in ISO DIS 6220-1983. The ball-arm/collar assembly shall also include a uniaxial accelerometer fixed firmly into the ball.
c. A headform support assembly rigidly attached to the ball-arm. This support assembly shall be such that it and consequently the headform may be guided in a vertical drop. The weight of the support assembly shall not exceed 25% of the combined weights of the headform, ball-arm, collar and accelerometer. The total mass of the headform/support assembly shall not be less than 5.0 kg nor more than 6.5 kg.
d. A guidance system such that the headform/support assembly is guided in a vertical drop onto a test anvil. This guidance system may consist of two or more wires or one or more rails. The headform/support - guidance system - test anvil alignment shall be such that:
d1. The drop trajectory shall be a straight line within 3 of vertical and within 5 of the sensitive axis of the uniaxial accelerometer.
d2. The line parallel to the drop trajectory and passing through the center of the headform ball-socket shall pass within 5mm of the center of the test anvil, within 10 mm of the center of gravity of the headform/support assembly, and within 5 mm of the sensitive element of the uniaxial accelerometer.
e. A rigid anvil mount consisting of a solid mass of at least 135 kg. The upper surface of the anvil mount shall consist of a steel plate with a minimum thickness of 12 mm and a minimum surface area of at least 0.10 m2.
f. Four test anvils : flat, hemispherical, roll bar, and edge.
f1. The flat anvil shall have a minimum surface area of 0.0127 m2, e.g. 127 mm diameter face. When fixed in position on the anvil mount, the surface shall be perpendicular to the headform trajectory.
f2. The hemispherical anvil shall have a 48 mm ± 0.5 mm radius.
f3. The roll bar shall be 20.5 cm ± 5 mm in length and 5.0 cm ± 0.5 mm in diameter.
f4. The edge anvil shall have a striking face 6.3 mm wide by at least 180 mm long with a depth of at least 35 mm. When in position, the striking face shall be perpendicular to the headform trajectory.
g. A uniaxial accelerometer. The acceleration data channel must comply with SAE recommended practice j 211 requirements for channel class 1000 with the exception that the frequency response need not include the range from dc to 10 hz which may not be obtainable using certain types of transducers.
h. A velocity measurement device which will yield the velocity of the headform/support assembly within the last 40 mm of travel before impact. The velocity measurements must be accurate to within ±1%.
E4.2 Test Definitions
a. The impact site refers to the portion of the helmet struck during an impact test. It is defined as the point where a line passing through the center of the headform ball and the center of the anvil intersects the outer surface of the helmet at the instant the helmet first touches the anvil.
b. The impact energy is the kinetic energy of the headform/support assembly at the instant of impact. It is defined as the mass of the headform/support assembly times the square of the velocity measurement times one half. The mass of the helmet is ignored in this calculation.
E4.3 Test Impacts
Test impact sites shall be on or above the test line. Rivets, vents and any other helmet feature within this region shall be valid test sites. Each impact site will be subjected to a group of one, two or three impacts according to the anvil selected for that site.
The impact site for the first impact within in a group is the target for all successive impacts impacts in the same group. However, if an impact group is sited closer than 120 mm to any previous impact group, the later impacts shall be declared invalid.
There is no restriction regarding test anvil selection. The impact energies for each test impact are as follows:
a. There shall two impacts at each site tested against the flat anvil. For the first impact, the impact energy shall be 150 J for all testing regardless of headform size or weight. For the second impact, the impact energy shall be 110 J for all testing regardless of headform size or weight. Given an ideal frictionless mechanical test facility, the impact energies represent 3.0+ meter and 2.2+ meter drops of a 5 kg headform and supporting assembly.
b. There shall be two impacts at each site tested against the hemispherical anvil. For the first impact, the impact energy shall be 150 J for all testing regardless of headform size or weight. For the second impact, the impact energy shall be 110 J for all testing regardless of headform size or weight. Given an ideal frictionless mechanical test facility, the certification impact energies represent 3.0+ meter and 2.2+ meter drops of a 5 kg headform and supporting assembly.
c. There shall be three impacts at each site tested against the roll bar anvil. Sites selected for roll bar anvil impacts must lie behind the fore plane and above the test line of the helmet. For the first impact and second impacts, the impact energy shall be 150 J and 120 J respectively for all testing regardless of headform size or weight. For the third impact, the impact energy shall be 100 J for all other testing regardless of headform size or weight. Given an ideal frictionless mechanical test facility, the certification impact energies represent 3.0+, 2.4+ and 2.0+ meter drops of a 5 kg headform and supporting assembly.
d. There shall be one impact at each site tested against the edge anvil. For each impact against the edge anvil, the impact energy shall be 150 J for all testing regardless of headform size or weight. Given an ideal frictionless mechanical test facility, this energy represents a 3.0+ meter drop of a 5 kg headform and supporting assembly.
e. If the impact energy for any test impact exceeds the energy specified by more than 3%, that impact shall be declared invalid.
E4.4 Impact Test Interpretation
The peak acceleration of the headform shall not exceed 300 G's for any valid test impact. Similarly, the helmet's protective structures shall remain intact throughout the testing. If, the Foundation's technical personnel conclude that the headgear has been compromised by breakage, the sample shall be rejected.
If, in certification testing, a sample is found to meet all the test criteria but any two of the impacts were at less than 97% of the impact energy specified, the testing for that sample shall be declared inconclusive and must be repeated. Similarly, if there are two instances where an impact falls beyond 10 mm from the first impacts in its group, the testing for the sample shall be declared inconclusive and must be repeated. Finally, if an invalid impact produces a peak acceleration exceeding 300 G's, the testing for the sample shall be declared inconclusive and must be repeated.
The impact test procedures leave considerable latitude to the helmet tester regarding site and anvil selection. It is expected the tester will orchestrate each test series in order to investigate potential weaknesses and to exercise each likely failure mode.
If at the end of a certification test series, the Foundation's technical personnel conclude that the results obtained in valid impacts are not sufficient to determine whether that the helmet model meets the performance requirements of this standard, additional samples may be conditioned and tested. It is expected that all samples submitted will meet all the test requirements.
E5. Chin Bar Test
The chin bar test applies to full face helmets only. The test may be applied to any sample regardless of conditioning. At least one helmet in each certification series shall be tested. The helmet shall be firmly mounted on a rigid base so that the chin bar faces up and the reference plane is at 65 ± 5 from horizontal. A mass of 5 kg ± .2 kg with a flat striking face of 0.01 m² minimum area shall be dropped in a guided fall so as to strike the central portion of the chin bar with an impact velocity of 3.5 m/sec ± 0.2 m/sec. The maximum downward deflection of the chin bar must not exceed 60 mm.
E6. Shell Penetration Test
The shell penetration test may be applied to any sample regardless of conditioning. At least one helmet in each certification series shall be tested. The complete helmet shall be placed on a rigidly mounted headform. If the helmet contains a sling or some other adjustable sizing component, it shall be relaxed to its most extendable position.
The penetration test striker shall have a mass of 3 kg ± 50 g. The striker shall fall through a height of 3 m ± 15 mm. The point of the striker shall be a cone with an included angle of 60 ± 0.5 and an altitude of 38 mm ± 0.38 mm. The striking tip shall have a hardness of 60 Rockwell (scale C ± 3 points) and a radius of .5 mm ± .01 mm.
The test striker must not penetrate to achieve even momentary contact with the test headform.
E7. Face Shield Penetration Test
If a face shield is provided with a full face helmet, this face shield shall be tested for penetration resistance in the following manner:
The faceshield shall be tested on the appropriate helmet, correctly deployed across the facial opening and under laboratory ambient conditions. A sharp, soft lead pellet weighing 1 gm ± 0.1 gm with a diameter of 5.5 mm ± 0.1 mm and travelling at a velocity of 500 ± 20 km per hour shall strike the face shield normal to the surface. The face shield shall be tested in at least three different locations: the center line and 80 mm ± 5 mm to either side of the center line. The pellet must not penetrate to the interior of the helmet nor produce an indentation exceeding 2.5 mm as measured from the interior surface of the face shield.
E8. Flame Resistance Tests
The test will be conducted at ambient temperature, between 10C and 30C, and utilize the thermal load of a propane flame, at the flame location representing a measured temperature of 790C ± 40C.
a. Shell: The site selected on the shell for this test must lie at least 120 mm from any site tested in impact or shell penetration and from any cutting done to facilitate impact testing. The flame shall impinge upon the external surface of the helmet shell for a period of 30 seconds. Simultaneous with the removal of the flame, a timing device shall be activated. The helmet shall be self-extinguishing within 10 seconds of the removal of the flame i.e., shall not continue to burn with the emission of a flame. The helmet will not be subjected to impact tests after testing for flammability.
The temperature of the lining material normally in contact at any point with the wearer's head shall not exceed 70C during the test.
b. Trim: The helmet trim will include any attachment sold for use with the product not otherwise discussed in this section on flame resistance. This includes face shields provided with open face helmets. The trim will be subjected to the same propane flame utilized in the shell test, but for a period of 15 seconds. The trim shall be self-extinguishing within 20 seconds of the removal of the thermal load.
c. Chin Strap: The chin strap utilized will be subjected to the same propane flame utilized in the shell test. The chin strap and chin strap cover, if provided, shall be suspended between two clips at least 75 mm apart so that there is only minimal tension and so that the broad side of the strap is perpendicular. The flame shall be applied to the cover if present or otherwise to the strap for a period of 15 seconds. The chin strap and, if present, the cover shall not melt and shall be self-extinguishing within 5 seconds of the removal of the thermal load.
d. Face shield: (For full face helmets only). The face shield will be subjected to the same propane flame utilized in the shell test, but for a period of 45 seconds. The face shield should not melt down during this period so as to allow the propane flame to penetrate the interior of the helmet. The shield shall be self-extinguishing in 20 seconds.
e. Lining: The lining will be subjected to the same propane flame utilized in the shell test, but for a period of 15 seconds. The lining shall be self-extinguishing within 5 seconds of the removal of the thermal load. This test shall only be applied to that part of the lining within 50 mm of the face or neck opening of the helmet.
E9. Removability
The helmet removability test determines whether the helmet can be removed from an unconscious victim without resorting to any buckles, clasps or other mechanisms which may be rendered non-functional by impact stresses. The helmet is placed on the largest appropriate complete ISO headform with all the closures and retention systems engaged. A technician must remove the helmet from the headform using simple, common hand tools but without accessing any of the helmet mechanisms.
The hand tools for this test are limited to shears, simple edged tools and flat bladed screw drivers. The operation must not require more than thirty seconds.
1. 1The Foundation has also published Standards for headgear used in bicycling, non-motorized sports, motorcycling and in equestrian activities. Copies of these Standards are available on request.


text:
NEW YORK, Sept. 8, 2014 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- AMC Networks Inc. (Nasdaq:AMCX) today announced that Josh Sapan, President and CEO, will participate in the Goldman Sachs Communacopia Conference on Thursday, September 11, 2014 at 10:30 a.m. Eastern Time in New York, NY.
A live webcast of the event will be available on the company's website at www.AMCNetworks.com under the heading "Investors." A replay of the webcast will be available on the company's website shortly after the conclusion of the presentation.
About AMC Networks Inc.
Dedicated to producing and distributing quality programming and content for more than 30 years, AMC Networks Inc. owns and operates several of the most popular and award-winning brands in cable television. AMC, IFC, SundanceTV, WE tv, and IFC Films deliver distinctive, compelling and culturally relevant content that engages audiences across multiple platforms. The company also operates AMC Networks International, its global division.
CONTACT: Seth Zaslow Investor Relations 646-273-3766 firstname.lastname@example.com Georgia Juvelis Corporate Communications 917-542-6390 firstname.lastname@example.com:AMC Networks Inc.


text:
There's a great moment in the documentary on Andy Goldsworthy, Rivers and Tides, when describing his process, Goldsworthy says, "When I make a work I often take it to the very edge of its collapse and that's a very beautiful balance."
Looking at Heather Jansch's driftwood horse sculptures reminds me of that delicate balance, as each of her pieces appear to be precariously challenging gravity, while at the same time deeply rooted in its base.
Jansch, 60, who lives and works in Devon, England, has been a sculptor for close to 40 years, and creates beautiful life-sized sculptures of horses and other animals out of driftwood found on beaches. With each branch and trunk of wood visibly twisting and flowing to become the bones, tendons, and muscles of the animal, her works can seem fragile as one wonders how they are held together (she uses different techniques for each statue). Yet, even without seeing the screws, wire, or metal structures that hold each piece together, the statues are incredibly lifelike and just as sturdy and solid as the real animals they so marvelously represent.
Check out more of Jansch's amazing sculptures on her site: heatherjansch.com
—Chris Tackett
About the Author:
Chris Tackett is a fan of the internet and self-described news junkie. Chris brain dumps on Twitter (http://twitter.com/christackett), enjoys biking and making art, and currently works as a social-media marketer and writer for TreeHugger.com and PlanetGreen.com, all while living in San Francisco.
Heather Jansch's Driftwood Horses


text:
Pissing Outdoor sounds pretty self-explanatory. Dedicated to peeing obsession, this site takes its participants out in the fresh air so that they can fully enjoy the fun of peeing outdoors! This action has no shame attached, so you're welcome to take a free tour and see it all for yourself! Streams of piss, nasty close-ups, dirty posing - you'll get all this once you join the site!
Adult Rental presents massive collection of high-quality videos on demand. Their collection is so huge in fact that it will take lifetime to browse and watch all these stunning movies and clips. All the videos are dedicated to delicious and hot Pissing. It will bring tons of pure pleasure and satisfaction to the lovers of well-made and well-prepared high-quality videos. You can't miss this awesome site.


text:
Park and Recreation
Because one size doesn't fit all, please use the zoom feature of your browser to increase or decrease the text size.
Want to honor your dog at Ewing Park? Purchase a personalized dog "bone" for $100.Download the brochure and return the form, with payment, to our office at 1551 E. MLK Jr. Parkway.
Address: 4660 Indianola Ave
Open year round, daily, 6:00 a.m. to sunset
8.5 acres of fenced area for all dogsOne acre of fenced area for dogs 20 lbs or lessSloped terrain with mature trees and a mix of tall and short grassShaded open air shelter
Earn a FREE permit by volunteering to be a Dog Park Ambassador. For more information email email@example.com.
Connect with us...


text:
- 06-Feb-2019 to 07-Apr-2019 (EST)
- Florida - Tampa
- Tampa, FL, USA
- Hourly
- Part Time
Butterfly Effects, a leading provider of in-home, center based, and in-school ABA therapy for clients on the Autism Spectrum is seeking Hungry, Humble, and Smart candidates to join the team as
ABA Therapist / Registered Behavior Technicians
East Tampa / Brandon, FL
Why ... should you join the growing field of ABA?
Joining a motivated and energetic team of peers means you get to ...
- Impact the day to day development of clients and celebrate their successes.
- Work as part of a collaborative team towards changing the lives of kids and their families.
- Be involved in your community.
- Make a difference for families adjusting to life on the Autism spectrum.
- Develop new skills and prepare yourself for new opportunities in ABA.
What ... is a Day in the Life of a Butterfly Effects' RBT like?
- What: You will work with 18 months to 18 years old clients on the autism spectrum to help them acquire new skills, improve communication and socialization, and reduce problem behaviors as directed by an individualized treatment plan. You will interact with the child and family, record behavior data from your client interaction, and collaborate with your BCBA.
- When: Typically, therapy is delivered in 2 - 3 hour sessions 3-5 times per week and schedules are consistent from week to week. After school hours from 3-7 pm are emphasized.
- Where: Therapy is delivered in your client's natural environment, typically at home, and in the presence of a parent or guardian.
- Why: Here are some reasons Butterfly Effects' RBTs love what they do?
- "I love walking into the home and the child is excited to do all the activities I have planned for the day" B.E, RBT
- "Working within a team of individuals who support your professional growth is vital" B.E, RBT;
- "My favorite Activity to work on is building intraverbal skills. We get to sing and have fun, and they don't usually realize that we are working on a goal."
How ... does a Butterfly Effects' RBT opportunity stand out?
- All new BE team members begin by completing our flexible paid training program that prepares you to become registered as a behavior technician with the Behavior Analysis Certification Board and allows you to start your career and specialization in ABA!
- Butterfly Effects offers competitive compensation based on experience, extensive hands-on training, ongoing program oversight, opportunities for Continuing Education Credits, BACB Supervision hours where applicable, and career paths to BCBA and other positions.
- Benefit packages available based on number of hours worked.
What ... do we need from you?
- Hunger ... for achieving results, learning and teaching, being a leader and adding to the success of the client and team.
- Humility ... willingness to collaborate as a team, acknowledge the team's individual strengths, and ability to put purpose before task.
- Be Smart ... about people and demonstrate the ability to develop a strong rapport with team members, clients, and families.
- A strong base to build on ... Bachelor's degree or minimum of 48 college credit hours preferred.
- Motivation and commitment to become a Registered Behavior Technician within 45 days of employment via our innovative training program that prepares you to be a successful RBT.
- BLS (Basic Life Support) Certification or willingness to achieve certification in a face-to-face course.
- Reliable transportation and insurance where applicable
- Willingness to travel to and from clients' homes within 45 minutes of your location.
- Sound technical and computer skills and reliable internet access.
- Working with clients in their natural environments may require you to lift or move approximately 50 lbs and be able to assume and maintain a variety of postures (kneeling, squatting, sitting, standing) for extended periods of time.
When ... should I take the first step towards ABA success?
- NOW!! Demand is great for enthusiastic, well trained Registered Behavior Technicians. Apply today to begin your journey to a career in ABA.
Butterfly Effects is an Equal Opportunity Employer and it is our policy to provide equal employment opportunities to all people without regard to age, race, color, creed, religion, national origin, disability, gender, sexual orientation, veteran status, or any other basis prohibited by statute, and to promote the full realization of an inclusive employment and service policy.


text:
My plans fell a bit short and I was only able to product a display device.
This is not complete yet but supports drawing.
Right now it just reads a file with commands and produces the shapes.
Eventually I will enable the program to receive "piped" commands so you'll not need to produce a file.
Q: Why did I make this?
A: Well some languages (especially very old or archaic ones) were designed before graphics terminals were popular. This gives people a way to draw static graphics (think science data) without having to resort to building libraries at the system level.
Q: Why are you not blitting shapes to a canvas?
A: I'm using LTK, it's canvas object demands shapes be stored in memory.
(might move to displaying bitmaps later)
Q: But we can already draw shapes in CL right? This isn't really needed.
A: Yes but this goes beyond that, any language can now draw shapes without libraries.
Even horrible ones.
Q: Ok you're just loading shapes from a file. Not a spectacular feat.
A: For now yes, however eventually I will enable command piping for Linux/Unix OS's.
This means you can just pipe the commands into the display rather than have to export them to file.
Here are the commands for drawing, (each one must be on it's own line in the source file)
Also, please only use whole numbers in drawing commands.
I've not yet accounted for floats and fractions. Use ROUND or FLOOR if need be before feeding commands in.
- Code: Select all
All commands occupy a single line!
All color triplets range from 0 to 255
State setting commands are uppercase, drawing are lowercase
l 12 12 33 34
Draws a line from (12, 12) to (33, 34)
Set pen color (red green blue)
Set brush color (red green blue)
Use filled brush (0 for false 1 for true)
Set pen width (number)
Set canvas color (red green blue)
Draw line (x1 y1 x2 y2)
Draw rectangle (x1 y1 x2 y2)
Draw triangle (x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3)
Draw polygon (x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 ...)
p - create-polygon
Draw oval (x1 y1 x2 y2)
Enough already here is my current source code:
- Code: Select all
;;; Ryan Burnside 2013 graphics terminal.
(load "ltk.fasl")
(in-package :ltk)
;;; Some global parameters
(defparameter *pen-color* "#ffffff")
(defparameter *brush-color* "#aaaaaa")
(defparameter *canvas-color* "#000000")
(defparameter *pen-width* 1)
;; This function toggles using the brush to fill shapes (boolean)
(defparameter *use-brush* 1)
;; Make a lookup table binding LTK shape symbols to regex symbols
(defparameter *shape-lookup* '((#\P . set-pen-color)
(#\B . set-brush-color)
(#\U . set-use-brush)
(#\W . set-pen-width)
(#\C . set-canvas-color)
(#\l . create-line)
(#\r . create-rectangle-cords)
(#\t . create-polygon)
(#\p . create-polygon)
(#\o . create-oval-cords)))
(defun set-pen-color (col)
(setf *pen-color* col))
(defun set-brush-color (col)
(setf *brush-color* col))
(defun set-canvas-color (col canvas)
(configure canvas :background col))
(defun set-pen-width (width)
(setf *pen-width* width))
(defun set-use-brush (zero-or-one)
(if (= zero-or-one 0)
(setf *use-brush* nil)
(setf *use-brush* t)))
(defun create-oval-cords (canvas cords)
"Substitute function, takes a cords list"
(make-oval canvas (nth 0 cords)
(nth 1 cords)
(nth 2 cords)
(nth 3 cords)))
(defun create-rectangle-cords (canvas cords)
"Substitute function, takes a cords list"
(make-rectangle canvas (nth 0 cords)
(nth 1 cords)
(nth 2 cords)
(nth 3 cords)))
(defun make-color (r g b)
"Returns a hex color string given 3 parameters 0-255 per channel"
(format nil "#~2,'0X~2,'0X~2,'0X" r g b))
(defun make-color2 (RGB-list)
"Returns a hex color string given 3 parameters 0-255 per channel in a list"
(format nil "#~2,'0X~2,'0X~2,'0X" (nth 0 RGB-list)
(nth 1 RGB-list)
(nth 2 RGB-list)))
(defun tokenize-string (string)
"Returns a list of items delimited by #\Space"
(loop for start = 0 then (1+ finish)
for finish = (position #\Space string :start start)
collecting (subseq string start finish)
until (null finish)))
(defun parse-line (line canvas-object)
"Parses the line, maps the first letter to a drawing funciton,
turns the args into a list, passes as list to drawing function"
(let* ((str (string-trim " " line))
(begin (aref str 0))
(args (mapcar #'parse-integer (subseq (tokenize-string str) 1))))
;; If this is just a state change command exit now that it ran
(when (equal begin #\C)
(funcall (cdr (assoc begin *shape-lookup*))
(make-color2 args) canvas-object)
(return-from parse-line t))
;; Canvas color and Use brush variables
(when (or (equal begin #\W) (equal begin #\U))
(funcall (cdr (assoc begin *shape-lookup*)) (car args))
(return-from parse-line t))
;; Pen and Brush color setting
(when (or (equal begin #\P) (equal begin #\B))
(funcall (cdr (assoc begin *shape-lookup*)) (make-color2 args))
(return-from parse-line t))
(let ((l (funcall (cdr (assoc begin *shape-lookup*)) canvas-object args)))
(itemconfigure canvas-object l :fill (if *use-brush* *brush-color* ""))
(if (not (equal begin #\l)) ; Lines don't get outline attribute
(itemconfigure canvas-object l :outline *pen-color*))
(itemconfigure canvas-object l :width *pen-width*))))
(defun load-file-shapes (canvas)
"Open a file and parse out the shapes, adding them to the global canvas"
(with-open-file (stream (get-open-file))
(do ((line (read-line stream nil)
(read-line stream nil)))
((null line))
(parse-line line canvas))))
(defun main-function()
(with-ltk ()
(let* ((frame (make-instance 'frame))
(sc (make-instance 'scrolled-canvas))
(canvas (canvas sc))
(m (make-menubar))
(mfile (make-menu m "File")))
(make-menubutton mfile "Load File" (lambda () (load-file-shapes canvas)))
(make-menubutton mfile "Export Canvas" (lambda () (get-save-file)))
(make-menubutton mfile "Clear Canvas" (lambda () (clear canvas)))
(make-menubutton mfile "Quit" (lambda () (setf *exit-mainloop* t)))
(set-geometry *tk* 800 600 0 0)
(wm-title *tk* "Ryan Burnside's Canvas")
(pack frame :side :bottom)
(pack sc :expand 1 :fill :both)
(scrollregion canvas 0 0 800 600)
(configure frame :relief :sunken))))
;Start program


text:
Full Streaming Paper Towns in HD QualityNow you can download full Paper Towns in best quality with duration 109 Min and has been aired on 2015-07-24 and MPAA rating is 368.
- Original Title : Paper Towns
- Movie title in your country : Paper Towns
- Year of movie : 2015
- Genres of movie : Romance, Mystery, Adventure,
- Status of movie : Planned
- Release date of movie : 2015-07-24
- Companies of movie : Fox 2000 Pictures,
- Countries of movie : United States of America,
- Language of movie : English,
- Durationof movie : 109 Min
- Average vote of movie : 7
- Youtube ID of movie : rFGiHm5WMLk
- Translation of movie : EN,PT,ES,ZH,FR,NL,HE,SV,RU,TR,DE,PL,HU,TH,IT,
- Cast of movie :Nat Wolff (Quentin Jacobsen), Cara Delevingne (Margo Roth Spiegelman), Halston Sage (Lacey Pemberton), Caitlin Carver (Becca Arrington), Austin Abrams (Ben Starling), Griffin Freeman (Jase), Jaz Sinclair (Angela), Hannah Alligood (Young Margo), Cara Buono (Connie Jacobsen), Justice Smith (Radar), Meg Crosbie (Ruthie), Jim R. Coleman (Detective Warren), Drew Matthews (Gus), Josiah Cerio (Young Quentin), RJ Shearer (Chuck), Susan Macke Miller (Mrs. Spiegelman), Tom Hillmann (Mr. Spiegelman), Stevie Ray Dallimore (Mr. Jacobsen), Jay Duplass (English Teacher), Kendall McIntyre (Ben at Age 12), Emma O'Loughlin (Freshman Girl), Yossie Mulyadi (Check-Out Girl), Ansel Elgort (Mason)
Movie synopsis of Paper Towns :
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text:
6:30 pm
Joanne Weir's Cooking Confidence "Crowd Pleasers" Joanne creates a meal fit for guests, starting with a Crostini with Sheep's Milk Ricotta, Asparagus and Mint that looks as great as it tastes. She teaches her student, Jack, the key to making light and flavorful meatballs perfect for Rigatoni in a Smoky Tomato Sauce, and they toast the meal with a grown up Big Girl Lime Milk Shake. Recipes: Crostini with Sheep's Milk Ricotta, Asparagus and Mint, Rigatoni with Ricotta Meatballs in a Smoky Tomato Sauce, Big Girl Lime Milk Shake. D
7:00 pm
Hometime "Timber Shed Wall Framing" The crew pre-builds timber frame walls inside and re-builds on a new slab near the Hometime Log Cabin. D
7:30 pm
Rick Steves' Europe "Athens and Side Trips" Rick tours the must-sees of ancient Athens, then takes the fast-paced pulse of the modern city. On side trips, he visits the ruins of the mystical oracle at Delphi and takes a fast boat to the traffic-free island of Hydra.G
8:00 pm
Burt Wolf: Travels & Traditions "What's Cooking In Rome?" NULL
8:30 pm
Essential Pepin "Ocean Options" Brandade De Morue Au Gratin; Sea Bass In Shredded Potato Skin; Nage Courte Of Striped Bass; Codfish In Olive Oil And Horseradish Sauce. D
9:00 pm
America's Test Kitchen from Cook's Illustrated "Breakfast Standbys" Man on the Street John "Doc" Willoughby challenges viewers to a blind oatmeal tasting to see if steel-cut really is better than instant. Then, host Christopher Kimball goes into the test kitchen with test cook Bridget Lancaster to learn how to make the best bowl of 10-Minute Steel Cut Oatmeal. Next, equipment expert Adam Ried is in the Equipment Corner reviewing his favorite moka pots, and Chris answers questions from viewers. D
9:30 pm
Caprial and John's Kitchen: Cooking for Family and Friends "Choosing The Right Seafood" The Pences visit a seafood market and offer tips on bringing home the best catch. They serve salmon with cottage potatoes and horseradish-crusted halibut.G
10:00 pm
Kimchi Chronicles "The Jeju Chronicles" Jean-Georges teams up with the "Julia Child" of Jeju Island, the Hawaii of Korea and a veritable paradise. They shop for ingredients at the sprawling 5-Day Market and return to an authentic folk village where they cook over open fires. Later, Jean-Georges and Marja spend an afternoon in the green rolling hills of the Amore Pacific Tea Gardens with their daughter Chloe. D
10:30 pm
Rick Steves' Europe "Athens and Side Trips" Rick tours the must-sees of ancient Athens, then takes the fast-paced pulse of the modern city. On side trips, he visits the ruins of the mystical oracle at Delphi and takes a fast boat to the traffic-free island of Hydra.G
11:00 pm
In Our Own Voice A documentary that explores the lives of those with serious and persistent mental illness, as well as the effect those illnesses have on family members and service providers. Hear more from participants about what it is like to live with a mental illness.G


text:
- Inside Athletics
- Tickets
- Fan Zone
- Media Zone
- Social
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- Donate Now
JOHNSON CITY, Tenn. (March 17, 2008) - ETSU men's soccer head coach Scott Calabrese announced the signing of three players to the 2009 signing class Tuesday.
The Bucs are coming off their inaugural season that saw them finish 6-10-1 with a freshmen laden team which included Atlantic Sun All-Freshman selections Sean Hoek (
"2008 was a unique situation for us with so many freshmen during the inaugural season, the players gained valuable experience into what it takes to be successful at the division I level," said Calabrese. "We are hopeful that this experience will pay dividends as they become older and mature as both players and people. For our 2009 class we were looking for quality rather than quantity in our recruiting and I believe we have done that with the players we have signed. Last season we created a great deal of chances but struggled to convert as many as I would have liked. I believe that the players we have signed will help to remedy that problem. We also needed a defensive presence and by recruiting a center back that is a little bit older and has experience will only help to sure up any growing pains our young players might have. Our aim is to improve year-by-year and I believe these players will enable us to do that as well as being student-athletes that ETSU can be proud of in the future."
The 2009 singing class includes Theo Yang (
Theo Yang (
Yang comes to ETSU after completing his career at
Calabrese on Yang:
"Theo is a talented player who will bring an added dimension of creativity and intelligent play to our program. He is technically very strong with either foot as well as having the ability to be dangerous in and around the goal area. He can go at players 1 v 1, score goals as well as create chances for teammates."
Sam Bryan (
Sam Bryan will attend ETSU after completing his studies at the
Calabrese on
"Sam has the potential to be a formidable goal-scorer for ETSU. He has an excellent scoring record in
Ryan Campbell (
Calabrese on
"Ryan comes to us from a club team with a history of winning. He understands what it takes to be successful and has a winning mentality. He also possesses a fantastic work-ethic, boundless energy as well as a knack for scoring goal as he showed at Disney in December. Ryan's work-ethic also provides us with options as he can play as a forward or wide in midfield."
Please visit www.ETSUBucs.com for more information on men's soccer or any other Buccaneer athletic news.


text:
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Funeral Package AFrom Price:$540.00
Funeral Package CPrice:$700.00
Funeral Package BPrice:$625.00
Funeral Package KPrice:$200.00
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text:
Slipstream needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 262 designs submitted by 35 freelance designers.
Plus Freight
We help online retail chains to move and sell their product online in a new and exciting way, helping them to improve;
Speed to Market on goods sold - International Cross Border Delivery;
Sales through Social networking sites, reached through IT Delivery platforms.
It's a new and exciting product, so that's what we are looking for in the design selections, this is a blank canvas so unleash you creativity!
This is a Joint Venture Slipstream company so we are really excited about this product, hence we are making this competition blind and hoping for a high standard of designs, for those interested a Website Design contest may follow....
Our Target Audience are Social Media companies, Online retail chains such as Amazon, Walmart etc, more importantly Consumers buying product from the internet, so a Sharp and Attractive design is needed.
we are focusing on the Physical Retailing and Social Media side of things, rather than the Logistics element, so an attractive look and feel is needed, in some respects this is a totally new market.
We are looking for an iconic, memorable Logo for our company name as it is going to sit within some high brand websites, not unlike a paypal platform, but at the same time need something that can be related to the freight element. The use of "Plus" will become important as we launch new products;
Plus Freight;
Plus Sales
Plus etc
This is a blank canvas, show us what you can come up with, any questions feel free to ask.
If anyone needs inspiration for designs we can throw up some ideas during the course of the competition
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


text:
LOL! Emmett is valium, Twilight style.Jazziscool wrote:Emmett is cool becuase in the series everyone is so tense, and you want to explode, but then Emmett comes in and BAM!, you feel a ton better. Kind of a Pain med like Jake, except "tense med".
Ok, that was really goofy.
Sorry, being a bit silly this morning. Ok, since this is the serious discussion thread I'll ask the same question I asked in the Team Emmett thread: What is your favorite Emmett scene?
My top three are:
When Emmett is acting as the jack while Rose works on his Jeep in Eclipse.
When Edward suggests to Bella that Emmett could perform the wedding. Just the thought of that makes me laugh.
The arm wrestling scene in BD. I laughed when Edward suggested it in Eclipse and I laughed all the way through the scene in BD.