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We have the graphic design services that you are seeking, including print design, web development, logos and identities, newsletters, advertising, photo restoration, and more.
Our artistic designers will offer you our best ideas and solutions for your business needs. Your solution starts here, beginning by the discussion of your ideas and concepts. Then, we will work closely with you while we take your ideas and develop the perfect product.
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You have many professional design and development options to explore through our services page. If you have any questions about our company or your project, feel free to contact us any time.


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Expectations High For Wabash Soccer
by Jim Amidon
August 31, 2010
Fifth-year head soccer coach Robert Giannini has high expectations for his 2010 Little Giant soccer squad. Asked about his expectations and Coach Giannini minced no words — he expects his team to compete for a conference championship.
"We have the age, the talent, and we've been together for three years now," Giannini said mid-way through pre-season training camp "The way they are training is awesome. I'm sure there will be ups and downs in the season, but the expectations are high."
The Little Giants opened the season Wednesday with a 2-1 win at Anderson when Phil Rosborough scored with just three minutes left in the match.
Coach Giannini's optimism is tangible. You can see it on his face, hear it in his voice, and see the bounce in his step when he talks about his 2010 team. In fact, when Coach Giannini challenged his players to work hard in the off-season, he promised to do the same. When training camp opened, the coach had lost 35 pounds.
"I couldn't ask them to do it if I wasn't willing to do it for myself," the coach said.
Wabash finished 9-9-1 last year and knocked off Wheaton when the Crusaders were ranked 23rd nationally. A week later, Wabash tied DePauw, a team then ranked 23rd, 2-2. The team narrowly missed the NCAC playoffs and finished with a 4-5 league record.
The top eight goal scorers return for the 2010 season. The squad is dominated by juniors, many of whom have started and lettered in their first two seasons. But senior Mark Babcock
, a two-time All-NCAC selection, will captain the team again this year after scoring seven goals a year ago. Babcock scored the first goal of the 2010 season when he hammered in a penalty kick at Anderson Wednesday night.
"The difference between years past and this year is that I see much more team chemistry," said Coach Giannini. "The players have a better understanding of their roles and no mater how many minutes they play or goals they score, they get it now; they understand how to play as a team."
In addition to the return of Babcock, junior All-NCAC standouts Femi Oluyedun (9 goals, 2 assists) and Dylan Andrew (5 goals, 9 assists) will provide a good bit of the team's offense. This year, however, Coach Giannini has put two-year starting center forward Austin Jennings (6 goals) out on the wing and brought Oluyedun
(pictured below)
into the center spot.
Sophomore midfielder Ryan Fier provided a surprising spark to the offense in his rookie year, scoring three goals with five assists to make the All-NCAC honor squad.
Also returning are junior midfielders Allan Swan, Josh Pedersen, Andrew Pearcy, Ian Kelly, and Phil Rosborough.
Offense wasn't a big problem a year ago when the Little Giants produced 40 total goals — the fourth-highest single season total in school history and most goals since 1995. However, the team gave up 36 goals a year ago, including 20 in the second half of games.
Four players — junior Pat West, sophomore Matt Paul, and rookies William Wettering and Ian MacDougall — will battle for the starting spot in goal.
"We must be able to close out matches this year," said Coach Giannini. "That's what I'm looking for from this team, which has been together for three years and has great chemistry.
"We need to have this kind of unity and this kind of family situation not just now, but also when things get tough — and they are going to be tough — that's the only thing that can hold us back," said Giannini.
The Little Giants will host the first annual Robbie Dreher Memorial Classic this Saturday and Sunday. Wabash plays Spalding University Saturday and Maryville University (TN) on Sunday. Both matches begin at 2 p.m.
The Robbie Dreher Memorial Classic honors the memory of young Robbie Dreher, the son of former Wabash soccer player Scott Dreher '82, who along with his mother, perished in an airplane crash. Scott will return to campus to take part in the weekend's Classic.
Wabash College
301 W Wabash Ave Crawfordsville, IN 47933 765.361.6100

subset: commoncrawl


text:
OAKLAND — Four people were wounded and one person was killed in four separate incidents of gun violence Saturday night and Sunday, police said.
The first incident took place at 10:15 p.m. Saturday in the 1600 block of 36th Avenue., said police spokeswoman Johnna Watson. During that incident, a man who was pistol whipped and taken to a hospital to be treated for non-life threatening injuries.
In the first Sunday incident, officers were called about 12:10 a.m. to the 7800 block of Ney Street after someone told 911 dispatchers there was a man who had been shot while standing in the street. The man was taken to a hospital in stable condition, Watson said.
At 1:52 p.m., a man in his 50s was shot multiple times in the 1400 block of Peralta Street, Watson said. He was also taken to a hospital and his condition was not known Sunday night.
In the most recent Sunday incident, officers responded at 3:40 to a housing complex on the 6600 block of Lion Way for reports of shots being fired, said Watson. When officers arrived, they found a 15-year-old girl fatally shot and a 14-year-old boy suffering from a non-life-threatening gunshot wound. He was taken to a hospital, Watson said. Both of the victims are from Oakland.
Authorities didn't report any arrests or motives for the violence. No further information was available about the victims.
Police and Crime Stoppers of Oakland are offering up to $5,000 in reward money for information about the cases. Anyone with information can call police at 510-238-3326.
Contact Natalie Neysa Alund at 510-293-2469. Follow her at Twitter.com/nataliealund. Contact Joshua Melvin at 650-348-4335. Follow him at Twitter.com/melvinreport.


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Task Creation and Assignment
Create and assign tasks for individual users with details and due dates.
Due Dates
Set deadlines on tasks.
Task Prioritization
Set priority levels on tasks so individuals can organize their work.
To-Do Lists
Each user can view their list of tasks to be completed.
Collaborative Project Planning
Multiple users can collaborate on the planning of a project.
Discussion of tasks, issues or the project as a whole can occur within the system.
Documents and Uploads
Media can be uploaded, associated with projects or tasks, discussed and annotated.
Wiki Documentation
Provides a wiki to keep useful product documentation.
Not enough data available
Community Forum
Provides a place for product users to interact and ask questions.
Not enough data available
Customer Ideation
Provides a medium for users to make suggestions for the product.
Not enough data available
Gantt Chart / Project Map
Projects can be mapped out with milestones, due dates, deliverables and interdependencies.
Calendar View
Planned projects are mapped to a schedule with due dates and deliverables detailed day-by-day.
Not enough data available
Baselining / KPIs
Track key performance indicators or baseline assessments throughout project lifecycle or across multiple projects.
Not enough data available
Project Budgeting
Associate a budget with a project and allocate it accordingly by task or resource.
Not enough data available
Issue Tracking
Track issues and manage resolutions.
Work Capacity
Measures the amount of work an employee can handle in a sprint.
Task Ranking
Ranks the priority of a task.
Kanban Board
provides a Kanban board to visualize tasks.
Not enough data available
Custom Workflows
Enables the creation of custom workflows to facilitate various processes.
Not enough data available
Release Forecasting
Predicts a products release based on the workflow.
Not enough data available
Portfolio Coordination
Organize, prioritize, rate and score projects to best understand your business's progress and initiatives.
Not enough data available
Portfolio Budgeting
Allocate budgets between departments and projects, and allow users to control portions for their projects.
What-If Scenarios
Managers can draw up multiple possible scenarios and weigh options based on profitability and resource capacity.
Automate task approvals processes and handoffs at project milestones.
Not enough data available
Request Management
Manage project and change requests in the system, approving or sidelining requests.
Cost Tracking
Track total cost associated with projects and then report actual versus planned budget.
ROI and Forecasting
Measure return on investment and leverage data to predict profitability of future projects.
Risk Analysis
Forecast and account for project risk scenarios and apply plans to mitigate these risks in the system.
Time Tracking
Tracks the amount of time spent on a task.
Progress Monitoring
Measures the progress of tasks within a product workflow.
Measures the cost of tasks and enables the allocation of budget to different projects.
Team Scorecard
Provides data on employee performance for gamification.
Resource Database
Maintain a database of resources that contains employment details, skills and availability.
Resource Allocation
Allocate resources to various projects, phases and tasks.
Workload Capacity
Track resource workloads in order to dedicate the manhours of your workforce most effectively.
Time Tracking
Associate effort with tasks including planned versus actual time allocated. Determine global or specific hourly rates for contract work or value to internal manhours.
The system alerts users of due dates, workflow handoffs or changes that affect their projects.
Not enough data available
Offers a mobile app or mobile optimized website to manage projects and tasks on-the-go.
Not enough data available
User, Role, and Access Management
Grant access to select data, features, objects, etc. based on the users, user role, groups, etc.
API / Integrations
Application Programming Interface - Specification for how the application communicates with other software. API's typically enable integration of data, logic, objects, etc. with other software applications.
Not enough data available
Reporting and Dashboards
Access pre-built and custom reports and dashboards.
Allows administrators to customize to accomodate their unique process. Includes ability to create custom objects, fields, rules, calculations, and views.
Not enough data available
Performance and Reliability
Software is consistently available (uptime) and allows users to complete tasks quickly because they are not waiting for the software to respond.


text:
Novell Eyes YaST Solutions of Various Stripes
Not Just Another Setup Tool Anymore
In releasing YaST (Yet Another Setup Tool) to open source, Novell has thrown down the welcome mat to management solutions aimed at homes and small businesses as well as enterprises, according to Novell officials.
Although YaST drew lots of attention among developers at BrainShare, the Linux installation and administration tool had been released to the open source community even before last month's show, noted Chris Schlaeger, Novell's VP for R&D.
"All we've done with YaST (at BrainShare) is to change the license to GPL," Schlaeger said in an interview. "For iFolders, though, we both announced a release to open source and announced the GPL license."
Novell also plans to work with partners such as Hewlett-Packard and IBM on building a "unified management layer" around YaST, according to Markus Rex, VP and general manager for SUSE Linux.
"YaST started out in 1994 as a tool for installing a Linux OS. Yet it also has functionality for various other things. One of these things is to serve as a framwork for systems administration and management," Rex said in another interview.
"We have a chance right now to put a stake into the ground for a unified management layer, from which you can go to your choice of local system management tools."
For its own part, Novell already sells two commercial enterprise management products, Rex pointed out. "YaST is not a competitor to either ZenWorks or Red Carpet," he maintained.
However, YaST is already used by some small businesses for simple network management tasks, such as adding a user or changing a directory, according to Rex.
Upcoming solutions from the open source community might build on YaST's capabilities in the areas of remote management and local desktop management, Schlaeger suggested.
YaST is already built into all three editions of SUSE Linux: Enterprise, Professional, and Personal.


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E3 2012: New Expansion for Hearts of Iron III
E3 2012, JUNE 6th 2012 One of Paradox Interactives and Paradox Development Studios' most expansive games will get even bigger this fall. Hearts of Iron III, the deepest and most expansive simulation of World War 2-era politics, science and warfare, will see a new expansion that offers players a greater connection to the period's history and new ways to jump straight into the action.
"Their Finest Hour" is the third expansion for Hearts of Iron III, and comes three years after the original game's release – further evidence of Paradox's commitment to building and growing their games well after the launch period, adding features and ideas requested by their active and involved international online community.
You can expect the expansion Hearts of Iron III: Their Finest Hour to land with a bang later in 2012.
Announced features for Hearts of iron III: Their Finest Hour include:
Expanded espionage system with new and reworked missions, including new covert operations that can be performed on the map.
New 'battle plans' mode where you can load historical plans, or draw your own and share with your allies in real-time in multiplayer games.
New unique elite units for each major nation's army - Gurkhas, Rangers, Imperial Guards etc.
Deeper naval invasions system including the development of specialized landing and assault crafts to improve the effectiveness of your assault.
More detailed control over strategic warfare and a generalized lend-lease system to support your distant allies with your industrial might.
Leaders are now able to gain traits, and assigning them to duty is more important than ever with the new combat tactics system for battles.
A new custom game mode for both single and multiplayer. You start with a clean slate and can instantly produce units, research technologies and affect political alignment before the game begins. This allows you to model interesting 'what-if' scenarios and speeds up the early years for those who would like to jump straight into the action with no slow build-up.
Two new detailed battle scenarios, the Russo-Finnish Winter War and the Spanish Civil War
Read more
Facebook: www.facebook.com/Heartsofiron ;
Twitter: http://twitter.com/HeartsOfIron3 ;
Forum: http://forum.paradoxplaza.com ;
Website: www.heartsofirongame.com ;
Grand Strategy, Wargame
About Paradox Development Studio - Strategy is our game
Paradox Development Studio has been a leading developer of globally renowned, PC-focused strategy games since 1995. Today the Stockholm-based studio is the center of a vast community of fans and modders both, with a reach that spans the entire globe and a strong presence in the United States and Europe.
One of the first developers to coin the term "Grand Strategy", Paradox Development Studio is the creative force behind successful franchices Europa Universalis, Hearts of Iron, Victoria, Crusader Kings, Svea Rike & Sengoku. Continuing to re-invent and advance each of these, as well as create all-new titles, is just one way the studio keeps it's 400,000+ member community coming back for more.
Just as important is the studio's passion for rich strategy, shared only by their fans, and their legacy of providing games so deep and challenging that each offers hundreds of hours of gameplay.
Join us on our Forum: http://forum.paradoxplaza.com ;
Like us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/ParadoxDevelopmentStudio ;
Follow us on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/PDX_Dev_Studio ;
About Paradox Interactive
Since 1999, Paradox Interactive has been a leading global publisher of PC-based strategy games. Its steadily-growing portfolio includes firmly established PC franchises such as the critically acclaimed Europa Universalis, Crusader Kings, Hearts of Iron and Magicka.
2012 will be Paradox Interactive's most ambitious line-up of titles to date with such anticipated releases as War of the Roses, Starvoid, A Game of Dwarves and Dungeonland. It is also expanding its presence in the free-to-play arena with upcoming games such as Salem: The Crafting MMO.
For more information, please visit www.paradoxplaza.com and follow www.facebook.com/ParadoxInteractive and www.twitter.com/pdxinteractive ;
|[View All]


text:
Blews sues CCCU for $2.2 million
Education | Christian higher education group caught in legal battle over former president's dismissal
by J.C. Derrick
Posted 2/13/14, 01:07 pm
WASHINGTON—Former Council for Christian Colleges and Universities president Edward O. Blews Jr. is suing the council for $2.2 million, saying he was fired without cause, tarnishing his reputation, as he tried to address systemic problems at the organization.
The CCCU, a coalition of 174 Christian colleges and universities, announced it was dismissing Blews last October, less than 10 months after he assumed the presidency. The CCCU gave no public reasons for replacing Blews—saying only that it came after "careful investigation and prayerful consideration"—but a subsequent investigation by WORLD revealed some of the reasons in an article published last month.
The lawsuit alleges that after the council's October press release hurt Blews' reputation, WORLD's coverage "further damaged" his name with "outrageous allegations." I asked Blews' attorney, Joyce Smithey, what specific allegations her client disputes and she declined to cite any. She said Blews will not give any interviews, but he is "profoundly disappointed" in the council's refusal to honor its contractual obligations.
In a statement released Thursday, the CCCU said it "stands ready to defend its decision to make a presidential transition."
Blews filed the lawsuit as the council opened a major conference Wednesday in Los Angeles—a scaled-down version of the CCCU's quadrennial International Forum on Christian Higher Education. According to the CCCU Board of Directors and former employees, Blews' lack of preparation for the forum was a major factor in the decision to fire him. But Blews claimed he was "attentive" to forum planning as soon as he took office in January 2013.
Blews said he was working "extraordinarily hard," and while he had received some "advice," he had overall positive feedback from the board as recent as two months before being fired. According to the complaint, Blews was shocked to learn of the board's many problems with his presidency.
Attached to the suit is a 23-page letter Blews submitted to the board in early October regarding his performance. The letter included detailed responses to specific charges: intentionally failing to represent the CCCU to vital external audiences; intentionally failing to plan the International Forum; misrepresenting facts to the board; misrepresenting the board to the staff; intentionally failing to schedule or attend meetings; and intentionally failing to execute decisions in a timely fashion.
The term "intentional failure" is key because, according to the complaint, Blews' five-year contract only allows three causes for dismissal: grossly immoral or felonious behavior, an explicit denial of his Christian faith, or "intentional failure" to execute his duties as president and CEO. The first two causes would allow the council to relieve Blews without pay, but the third—the one the organization apparently used—requires it to pay no less than 24 months of his $303,850 annual salary and full benefits.
The suit claims Blews "has not engaged in any conduct or behavior that would trigger any of the provisions" outlined in the contract and was given "no reasonable opportunity to defend himself." Blews wants the CCCU to pay him the full $2,204,894.72 owed over the life of the contract. The complaint accuses the organization of only offering him $200,000 and no benefits.
Blews said he was reluctant to take the position and turned it down initially, citing "concerns about the dysfunction and serious problems within the organization and unhappiness among employees with the Board after his acceptance." The suit says the board fired Blews in part based on information from "disgruntled prior employees," although former employees told me the board did not consult them before firing Blews. They said the unanimous decision was based solely on interviews with employees still working for the council.
According to Blews, he was working to address a variety of organizational problems, including a "substantial" 2012-13 budget deficit, one employee's conflict of interest, nepotism in hiring practices, a violation of board policies, gender discrimination, and a disclosure of private employee information on the organization's computer system. All former employees left of their own volition, but Blews, in his suit—while going after the reputation of several former employees—does not say why he never fired anyone over the alleged serious problems.
The suit also recounts a conversation in which the board's vice chair, Barry Corey, president of Biola University, said he didn't think Blews would be able to correct the office problems because "you can't teach an old dog new tricks." A footnote of the suit said Blews, 58, is filing an age discrimination charge with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and plans to add that charge to the complaint once he's granted a right to sue.
Blews filed the complaint in Superior Court in Washington, D.C. He said he tried to resolve the disagreement through biblical methods of mediation and dispute resolution, but the council refused to cooperate after an initial meeting in November. The CCCU on Thursday said it was "surprised and disappointed" to learn Blews filed a lawsuit, since it agreed to his proposed mediation date of March 18.
"A Christian mediation process is required by his presidential contract before the filing of a lawsuit, and it is in keeping with our shared faith commitment to litigate only after exhausting all other options," the council's statement said.
Listen to J.C. Derrick discuss the CCCU situation with Joseph Slife on The World and Everything in It:
Look for more WORLD coverage from this week's CCCU conference in Los Angeles.
J.C. Derrick
J.C. is WORLD Radio's managing editor. He spent 10 years covering sports, higher education, and politics for the Longview News-Journal and other newspapers in Texas before joining WORLD in 2012 and eventually becoming WORLD's Washington Bureau chief. Follow J.C. on Twitter @jcderrick1.


text:
The pilot of the de Havilland D.H.9 bomber, Lieutenant (junior grade) Kenneth MacLeish, glanced over his shoulder and in the distance saw nine German fighters, circling like vultures. For the moment, he was safe from them, but "Archie" (antiaircraft fire) had begun bracketing his biplane. The pilot and his observer-gunner, Machinist's Mate First Class Irving Sheely, were in the middle of a 13-plane raid on the German naval facilities at Zeebrugge, Belgium, on 16 July 1918. Although the pair were U.S. Navy aviators, they were flying with No. 218 Squadron, Royal Air Force.
"The air was black," MacLeish later wrote of the 16 July 1918 mission. Holding steady through the antiaircraft fire, he dropped his plane's four 50-pound bombs from 13,000 feet. Sheely watched the bombs descend, and figuring 30 seconds to impact, he looked for explosions. All four fell into the sea. Suddenly, a shell exploded just "under the tail of the bus [plane]," and the D.H.9 began plummeting toward earth.
From Civilians to Naval Aviators
Kenneth MacLeish's initial exposure to aviation had come in the winter of 1917 when, as a junior at Yale University, he joined the Yale Aero Club, later known as the First Yale Unit. Besides MacLeish, the group included a future defense secretary (Robert Lovett), World War I ace (David Ingalls), and assistant secretary of the Navy for Air (Artemus "Di" Gates). With the United States rapidly moving toward declaring war, 29 members of the group drove to the New London, Connecticut, submarine base and on 24 March enlisted in the Naval Reserve Flying Corps.
|>Web Exclusive - Click here to view a slideshow of photographs taken by Irving Sheely and collected by his nephew Lawrence D. Sheely depicting naval aviation durning World War I.
Four days later, MacLeish, the 22-year-old son of a Glencoe, Illinois, businessman and brother of famous poet Archibald, set out with his compatriots for flight training at the Trans-Oceanic Company's flying-boat station and school in West Palm Beach, Florida. In late May, the First Yale Unit returned north, to Huntington Bay, New York, where training continued and the men became proficient pilots. Kenneth and almost all of the unit's members earned their wings as naval aviators on 28 July.
Irving Sheely, born on 24 September 1893 in Newtonville, New York, was almost exactly one year older than MacLeish. After Sheely's father died in 1911, Irving, the first-born of five children, helped his widowed mother raise his siblings. He worked as a clerk with the Albany Hardware & Iron Company and subscription salesman for the Albany Times Union newspaper before his mechanical aptitude secured him a job as a draftsman for American Locomotive Company in Schenectady, New York.
Recruiting posters for naval aviation and the sight of a neighbor soaring over Albany in a Curtiss airplane stirred Sheely's imagination and patriotism when he was 23 and World War I was into its third year. He believed war was coming to America and wanted to contribute his mechanical abilities to the Navy while tackling the challenge of flying. Four days after Kenneth MacLeish and his Yalies took the oath in New Haven, Irving Sheely did the same in Albany, enlisting in the Navy's aviation corps as a candidate for machinist's mate second class.
Arriving at the service's lone air station, the Pensacola Naval Aeronautic Station, on 2 April, Sheely wrote home two days later that, so far, Navy life was generally relaxing: "From 8:00 to 9:00 we have military drilling and at present the rest of the day is to ourselves. But starting Monday we will have to go to class." Because the aviation recruits' uniforms were not ready, he asked a brother to send him a pair of khaki pants and a couple of shirts, as well a bathing suit and fish hooks.
The next day, Congress declared war on Germany, and soon the pace of training at the Pensacola station quickened. On 1 May, the candidate status of Sheely's machinist's mate rating was dropped, and nine days later it was amended to machinist's mate second class/air. That same day he volunteered for the First Aeronautic Detachment. The Navy Department wanted a naval aviation force in France as soon as possible and had instructed the Pensacola commander, Lieutenant Kenneth Whiting, to assemble the unit. Divided between the colliers USS Jupiter and Neptune—with Sheely in the latter—the detachment's seven officers and 122 enlisted men set out for the Continent on 25 May and about two weeks later reached France.
Arrival 'Over There'
While the Navy pilots attended the French Army School at Tours, the detachment's enlisted men, including Sheely, spent much of the summer in observer-mechanic training at St. Raphael, on the Mediterranean coast. In late August, Sheely and his group arrived at Moutchic near Bordeaux to continue their training. Commissioned on 17 July, the installation on the shores of Lake Lacanau became an operational naval air station on 31 August, two days after Sheely and his mates arrived. Naval Air Station Moutchic would become the Navy's most significant seaplane pilot and ground training base in France during the war.
After about six weeks spent as an instructor at the Navy's Newport News, Virginia, air training station and patrol base, Ensign Kenneth MacLeish had sailed for England in late October on board the SS New York. Like many servicemen, he became engaged, to Priscilla Murdock, just before setting out for the war. After a week in London, he reported to U.S. naval headquarters in Paris and then continued on to NAS Moutchic, arriving in mid-November. There, he would train on FBA (Franco-British Aviation Co.) reconnaissance planes.
At the end of November MacLeish was assigned to the Royal Flying Corps airdrome at Gosport, England, where he soloed in British single-seat Sopwith Camel fighters. He next attended gunnery school in Turnberry, Scotland, in February 1918 before moving on to the School of Aerial Fighting at Ayr, also in Scotland, where he spent several weeks.
After months of training for combat, on 21 March MacLeish, along with fellow Yalies Ensigns Dave Ingalls and Edward "Shorty" Smith, reported for duty at Naval Air Station Dunkirk. Their primary responsibility was to fly antisubmarine patrols in Hanriot HD-2 pontoon scouts and larger Donnet-Denhaut flying boats. The Dunkirk seaplane facility was subject to nightly bombing raids and shelling from enemy destroyers. More danger was soon at hand; when the three young officers arrived at Dunkirk, they could hear the distant rumble of artillery marking the beginning of a massive German offensive in Flanders.
In the coming days, as the enemy drive continued and Allied casualties mounted, Britain's need for aviators became dire. The commanding officer at Dunkirk responded by offering the services of his fliers to the nearby British aerodrome at Bergues, and by the end of the month MacLeish, Ingalls, and Smith were temporarily detached to serve with No. 13 Squadron Royal Naval Air Service (soon redesignated No. 213 Royal Air Force) flying Sopwith Camels. The chance to pilot one of the highly maneuverable fighters in the "greatest battle the world has ever known" electrified MacLeish. "This is the most wonderful thing that ever happened to me," he later wrote.
Action at Last
On 2 April MacLeish wrote Priscilla Murdock: "I went on my first patrol today, and I was full out! I took it more or less for granted that any bus I saw over the lines would be a Hun! We spied some Hun seaplanes off in the distance . . . we nosed down and dove on them. Thank the lord I didn't fire! They turned out to be Allied machines!"
On the 11th, members of the squadron, their Camels armed with 50-pound bombs, pulled off a daylight raid against a trio of heavily defended targets in Belgium: the German naval base at Bruges and ports of Zeebrugge and Ostend, where canals from Bruges emptied into the North Sea. According to MacLeish: "The clouds were only 1,000 feet up, and we were to get near our objective, climb into the clouds, and when we thought we were directly over, to dive down to about 300 or 400 feet and let go our 'pills.'"
MacLeish's plane was the seventh and last in line of the attackers, and he found a hot reception. "The tracer bullets were doing loops and split turns around my neck. I got dizzy watching them. . . . The rapid fire pom-poms were putting up a barrage in front of me, and it was getting closer and closer as I dove." He was nevertheless able to drop a bomb on a seaplane hangar and wrote home that "Today I learned never to be the last machine in a daylight, low bombing stunt."
The next day Sheely flew his first mission over enemy territory. Like MacLeish, he was assigned to Dunkirk but on temporary duty with the RAF, flying as observer-gunner in a No. 202 Squadron de Havilland D.H.4 land bomber. Sheely's plane along with another D.H.4 carried out their recon off Ostend unmolested, but on the return flight, the first of ten German Albatros D.V fighters swooped down on them.
"As he closed in I caught a glance of the iron cross. . . . I also saw that they were all around me, above and below," Sheely wrote his mother. "I had not long to wait for pop! pop! pop! and he was firing at me. My machinegun shoots at a rate of six hundred rounds a minute and I turned and opened fire. For the first time in my life I realized that I was aiming to kill a man. I made it so warm for him that he didn't stick."
After 20 minutes, the Germans broke off the fight when they neared the Allied lines. Safely on the ground, Sheely and his pilot counted 20 bullet holes and two shrapnel hits to their D.H.4. The other Yanks hailed Sheely as the first U.S. Naval Air Service flier "to go over the lines and have a scrap" and called him "The Hun Getter." Actually, Sheely was the first Navy enlisted observer to engage the Germans in combat. Lieutenants Bob Lovett (a First Yale Unit veteran) and Eddie McDonnell had engaged the enemy during raids with Royal Naval Air Service squadrons in mid-March, and MacLeish had been in combat the day before. On 19 April, the American aviators returned to NAS Dunkirk and soon resumed flying antisubmarine patrols.
A Pilot-Observer Team
In Washington, meanwhile, the Navy Department approved a plan to create what would become the Northern Bombing Group-squadrons of heavy land bombers manned by Navy and Marine Corps personnel to attack the U-boat pens and other enemy naval targets at Bruges, Ostend, and Zeebrugge. One of the aviators assigned to the organization, MacLeish chose Sheely as his observer, and in late May they set out for the American Expeditionary Forces Day Bombardment School at Clermont-Ferrand.
MacLeish received word of his promotion to lieutenant (junior grade) on 1 June, the same day he soloed in one of the school's big two-seat Breguet 14 bombers. Over the subsequent weeks he learned to fly in 5- to 11-plane formations at 20,000 feet, and the MacLeish-Sheely team became skilled at high-altitude bombing. The lieutenant wrote his fiance that "My observer is a real HE-observer! He invented a modification for a bomb sight whereby you can't miss the target. It's perfectly marvelous."
After completing their training at Clermont-Ferrand in late June, the aviators returned to NAS Dunkirk. MacLeish and Sheely were not there long, however. On 8 July, they, along with two other officers and two enlisted men, were temporarily transferred to No. 218 Squadron, RAF, for day bombing. They would be flying D.H.9 land bombers out of Frethun, just west of Calais.
On 16 July, after only minimal flight time in a D.H.9, MacLeish and Sheely took off on the 13-bomber Zeebrugge raid. "I was very earnest this morning when I told you goodbye forever by mental telepathy did you get it?" MacLeish wrote Priscilla later that day. He continued:
Well, it was this way. There were nine Huns behind me ready to dive. . . . I got over the objective, and dropped my bombs, and then Archie hit me. . . . It was under the tail of the bus. I went into all kinds of dives and gizzy-wiggles before I could get control again. I looked at Sheely and Sheely looked at me, but I don't remember that anything in particular was said. My mouth was so full of my heart that I would naturally have died if I'd opened it.
No sooner had MacLeish pulled out of the dive than his plane's engine cut out. Fortunately, it "began to sputter and gurgle" and "caught on five cylinders." MacLeish was able to nurse the D.H.9 back to base, but the flight took almost an hour.
In the early morning hours of 19 July, the American air crew flew its second mission with No. 218 Squadron, a 12-bomber raid on Bruges. MacLeish and Sheely again suffered engine trouble, this time on the way to the target. "I broke a valve spring just after I crossed the lines, but my motor turned up pretty well, so I decided to go ahead with it," the pilot wrote. They reached the objective, but wind blew their bombs 400 yards wide of the targeted factory into a field. "I could weep," wrote MacLeish, "I'm so disgusted."
Feeling "full out" during the flight back, the pilot dove on a "very famous Archie battery," and he and then Sheely opened up on it with their Vickers and Lewis machine guns. Sheely "had no sooner finished than wonk, wonk, woof, old Archie began to bark," MacLeish wrote. "I felt like taking off my helmet to them. Lord, they are good. They only fired four or five shots, but every one of them had my exact altitude and they were no more than fifty yards to one side."
At 0655 on 20 July, MacLeish and Sheely took off on an 11-bomber raid, their third and final one with No. 218. The targets were the dredgers, docks, lock gates, and salvage ships at Zeebrugge, and according to MacLeish's mission report, his D.H.9 dropped eight 25-pound bombs on targets at the mouth of the port's canal.
The Navy Department had meanwhile decided that Marine aviators would fly day bombing missions and Navy fliers night missions during the Northern Bombing Group's forthcoming operations. On the group's first independent mission the night of 15 August, a single Caproni bomber dropped more than 1,250 pounds of munitions on the U-boat pen at Ostend. Squadron-size operations, however, were impossible until the Navy received more heavy bombers.
Frustration Before More Combat
With his second RAF stint completed, MacLeish was transferred to temporary desk duty in Paris before moving on to Naval Air Station Paulliac on the Gironde River near Bordeaux. There, he was in charge of inspecting and testing the increasing amount of arriving aviation materiel—including flying each plane assembled at the base. MacLeish was heartened by his promotion to full lieutenant, as well as his advancement to chief pilot at Paulliac, and expected to shortly join the Northern Bombing Group.
His hope of returning to combat duty, however, was crushed when he received word of his transfer to Eastleigh, England, the staging base for the Northern Bombing Group's offensive. He was to serve as the final test and acceptance officer for the group's planes, mainly D.H.4s, 9s, and 9As. In mid-September, after settling into his new job, MacLeish requested Sheely's transfer from Northern Bombing Group headquarters at St. Inglevert, France, to the English base. "He's a good old horse, and he'll be a useful member of the flight department," the lieutenant wrote Priscilla. On his 1 October arrival, however, Sheely checked into to the Eastleigh hospital with a case of influenza, which was sweeping through the Allies' ranks. MacLeish, in fact, has just been released from the hospital after suffering a relapse of the illness.
The lieutenant nevertheless ferried a D.H.4 over to the Marine Day Wing base near Calais on 3 October. While in France he was both distraught to learn that one of his closest Yale Unit pals, Di Gates, had been lost over enemy lines while flying a scouting mission and elated to receive word that he was being reassigned to No. 213 Squadron to again fly Sopwith Camels. After a quick trip back to Eastleigh, he arrived at Dunkirk on 13 October and spent the evening with Bob Lovett and other friends in the Northern Bombing Group before driving over to the No. 213 aerodrome.
At about 0945 the next day, 19 of the squadron's Camels, including one flown by MacLeish, took off on a high-level bombing raid against enemy forces at Ardoye, Belgium. From 10,000 feet, MacLeish dropped four small bombs on retreating German troops. During an ensuing dogfight with a large group of enemy fighters, the lieutenant and Canadian ace Captain John Greene shot down a German Fokker biplane—MacLeish's first and only aerial victory. Two hours after returning to base, he took off on a second sortie of 15 Camels, and just north of Dixmude, Belgium, the group spotted 14 Fokkers. During the wild melee that followed three Allied planes went down. Kenneth MacLeish's was one of them. According to the squadron logbook, "Lieutenant MacLeish was last seen attacking about seven Fokkers single-handed."
A Pilot's Fate and a Friend's Tribute
Reports of the capture of a naval aviator in the vicinity of Dixmude filtered back to the Navy and MacLeish's friends, yet no definitive word of his fate was known for more than six weeks after the 11 November Armistice. Then, the day after Christmas, several local Belgians investigating war damage on an abandoned farm found a decomposed body in buttoned uniform and flying helmet and gloves resting on a pile of debris next to a damaged building. About 200 yards away was the aviator's wrecked Sopwith Camel. Papers and an engraved metal disc found on the remains identified the body as MacLeish's.
By the time his former pilot's remains were discovered, Irving Sheely was already back home in Albany. Promoted to chief machinist's mate/air ten days before the war ended, he set out for the States on 4 December in the USS Leviathan. Several weeks after arriving home he learned the tragic news of MacLeish's death, and on 5 January 1919 Sheely wrote his friend's father a letter filled with respect, poignancy and fond recollections:
My Dear Mr. MacLeish:
It was my pleasure to know Kenneth, your son, after coming into the Naval Flying Service. I met him in Dunkirk, France, in April, 1918, and had been with him up till his unfortunate flight across enemy lines. I will try and tell you something of our acquaintance, and what he afterward meant to me. . . .
I will never forget the day when "Ken", as I always called him afterward, came to me and asked me to be his observer, and how delighted I was, for I considered it a great honor to fly with him. I had often admired his work in the air while on patrol over the North Sea. . . .
Danger never entered our minds, and we successfully carried out bombing raids on Bruges and Zeebrugge, which were then of great military value. . . .
During this time it was rumored about camp that some of the observers would have to fly with the Marine pilots. I remember what Ken said to us boys when we consulted him about this. This is what he told us, "Well, I guess not, Irv' isn't going to fly with any Marines."
How pleased I was to have him think and say so much of me.
I resolved to do everything in my power, if danger ever threatened him, to give my life if it ever should become necessary, to save his. . . .
It was the saddest moment of my life when word came to me in October, while I was ill, and in confinement in a hospital in England, that Ken had been shot down by the Huns.
I know you are proud of your boy, and the recollection of him who was the first to answer his country's call, and who insisted on the opportunity which led to his misfortune, will help you in this hour of sorrow.
Yours most sincerely,
Irving E. Sheely
This article is mainly based on two collections of letters: The Price of Honor: The World War One Letters of Naval Aviator Kenneth MacLeish, edited by Geoffrey L. Rossano (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1991) and Sailor of the Air: The 1917-1919 Letters and Diary of USN CMM/A Irving Edward Sheely, edited by Lawrence D. Sheely (Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 1993).
Other sources include:
A. B. Feuer, The U.S. Navy in World War I: Combat at Sea and in the Air (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1999).
James J. Sloan Jr., Wings of Honor: American Airmen in World War I (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing, 1994).
Archibald Turnbull and Clifford L. Lord, History of United States Naval Aviation (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1949).
Marc Wortman, The Millionaires' Unit: The Aristocratic Flyboys who Fought the Great War and Invented American Air Power (New York: PublicAffairs, 2006).


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There are a million reasons why I'm thankful for being brought into this world in the late seventies, but the one that I've been focusing on lately is that I feel a very deep appreciation for my luck in experiencing what the world has been like before and after the internet. I do my best to not take the wonderland of the World Wide Web for granted, and I consistently marvel at the level of access we have to information, even if it seems banal and trivial on the surface. With the tools, databases and connections at hand we can use these resources to practically break through the implausibility of a concept like time travel and experience things that should be long gone and forgotten. I spend the majority of my time here at Branded writing and talking about all the stuff from my childhood that I hold dear in particular my personal experiences with the shows, movies, books, toys and pop culture ephemera that I grew up loving. Today I want to talk about something I completely missed out on, something that I only discovered after starting this site almost a decade ago, the Saturday morning entertainment showcase specials that were broadcast by the major TV stations back in the 80s.
Growing up I never really had a say in what the family would watch on TV. I know, everyone is crying me a river, right? Honestly, it's not a complaint; I had food, shelter, and more than my fair share of toys and entertainment, but when it came to TV there were only a few windows when I had access to controlling the dial (and much later the remote), especially as soon as my father would come home from work. As soon as he got in the door he immediately changed the station from the afternoon cartoons I might be watching on the UHF channels to whatever station would have local news. So if that meant suffering through syndicated reruns of Alice or the Jefferson's for the billionth time so that the channel would be tuned in to the news as soon as it started, that's what we watched. Then it was the local news, then national news, then Entertainment Tonight, and finally onto whatever stuff caught my dad's interest for the rest of the evening. My TV time was mostly regulated to 30 minutes in the morning before school (where I caught old Our Gang and Three Stooges shorts or the odd episode of Woody Woodpecker or Chilly Willy), an hour after school (where I caught most of my syndicated cartoons like He-Man, G.I. Joe, Bravestarr and the Silverhawks), and a couple hours on Saturday morning for cartoons. Because of this I never tended to flip through the actual programming portion (the B&W newsprint part) of our copies of the TV Guide and therefore I never stumbled across any of the advertisements for the one-off showcase specials that aired during the kickoff of the new network lineup in fall.
So at 8:30pm on Saturday the 8th of September in 1984 I had no idea that there was a 30-minute special called Laugh Busters airing on NBC. In fact I didn't even learn that it existed until about five years ago when I broke down the 1984 Fall Preview issue of the TV Guide here at Branded. At the time it was a bit of a curiosity that I wished I could explore further but there was nothing online about it except for a glorified placeholder entry on IMDB.
Well, a few years went by and Laugh Busters slipped to the back of my mind as one of those oddities, a hole in my childhood experience that I wished I could fill but knew I'd probably never get a chance to see as something like that would never merit a DVD release (way too many licenses and clearances would be needed.) But, as I stated above, the internet and all its connections are pretty damn miraculous and my buddy Tim over at Flashlights Are Something to Eat had his own Laugh Busters journey going on. Unlike me, Tim had actually seen the original broadcast as a kid and even had the presence of mind to tape the audio on a blank cassette! He did a short synopsis/write-up on his site but was still yearning to re-watch the full special, so he kept up his search and a couple of years later he finally found one of his childhood holy grails, an old VHS copy that had been ripped to DVD. Tim, being the super awesome guy that he is, offered to let me borrow his copy and finally, 30 years after it originally aired, I was able to experience a small part of 1984 that I thought was lost to time. As a bonus the copy of the special was complete with the commercials that originally aired with it, so this was as close to time travel that the internet has made possible.
As I mentioned above, Laugh Busters was a Saturday Morning showcase special which was designed to sell the kids of America on NBC's new line-up of shows, particularly because half of the schedule was brand new for 1984. Here's a copy of the SMC comic book ad for NBC from which introduced 4 new shows including Kidd Video, Pink Panther and Sons, the Snorks and the live action sitcom Going Bananas starring JR the orangutan as Roxanna Banana a simian zapped by a U.F.O. and given super powers.
The basic premise of Laugh Busters revolves around the making of the NBC Special starring all of the new cartoon characters as well as the Smurfs, Spider-Man, Mr. T, Alvin & the Chipmunks, and the cast of Going Bananas. The director in charge, D.W. (played by Sandy Helberg), has his plans put in peril by Gargamore O'Dette, a super evil wizard (also portrayed by Helberg) bent on the end of laughter and the ultimate destruction of NBC. Why you ask? Because he's allergic to laughter of course! Here's some audio from that opening segment…
Right off the bat after hitting play I was taken aback as there was a scene during the opening credits that featured a team up between an animated Mr. T and Alvin, Simon and Theodore. At first I thought this was a weird composting of elements from the two Ruby Spears cartoons, but upon digging a bit I found out that Mr. T was featured in the first segment in the premier episode of the 80s Chipmunks series (both shows debuted together the year prior in 1983.) There's also a great song in the middle of the episode. Somehow I've managed to miss out on this epic bit of pop culture fun for the last 31 years.
After the detour of watching the first episode of Alvin and the Chipmunks I dove back into the Laugh Busters special. To execute his nefarious plan Gargamore kidnaps the Smurfs off screen and recruits two live action henchmen (played by James "Uncle Phil" Avery and Bill Saluga reprising their roles of the Grit Brothers Hank and Hubert from Going Bananas) to stop the rest of the characters from making it onto the special.
Of course Thom Bray (Boz and his rad orange robot Roboz from Riptide) show up at the studio for the Special and they end up helping to track down the missing stars and cartoon characters starting with Spider-Man.
Dan Gilvezan, voice of Spider-Man from the cartoon, redubs animation segments from the show to talk about being excited for the new season as well as taking a trip across country to appear on the new NBC special. He then proceeds to web-swing from NYC all the way to Burbank (seriously) set to the sweet dulcet melody of the city-name-dropping portion of the Huey Lewis song Heart of Rock and Roll.
Of course he encounters the infamous Grit Brothers near the city of One Horse USA, swinging into and getting trapped on a gigantic piece of ACME Fly Paper (in a live action segment that looks like it was straight out of an episode of the Electric Company)! Boz uses Roboz to call a honkytonk out there to enlist the help of Danny Cooksey (from Diff'rent Strokes and later Salute Your Shorts) to help. After performing his best Waylon Jennings imitation of the Ed Bruce song "Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys" (where the keen observer will notices the entire Kidd Video and Going Bananas cast in attendance as well as Alfonzo Ribero), Danny takes Boz's call and agrees to help, though he needs a ride to go help Spider-Man since he's just a kid and all.
Boz then enlists the help of KITT from Knightrider to drive Danny out to rescue Spider-Man. What I love about this segment (aside from seeing a pint-sized Danny Cooksey behind the wheel of K.I.T.T.) is that this is the only onscreen pairing of Spider-Man and K.I.T.T. (I have a soft spot in my heart of Knightrider crossovers.) I also love that William Daniel voiced K.I.T.T. in this special uncredited…
With Spider-Man rescued, the Grit brothers turn their attention that that new up and coming rock 'n roll band Kidd Video, and they literally roll a rock at the gang's, knocking them and the Kiddmobile right out of the flipside back into the real world. Since their ship is messed up they decide to practice their new hit song (Video to Radio) out on a bridge near the wreckage.
The special then cuts to Roxanna Banana listening to Kid Video on the radio and a reworking of the opening segment of the Going Bananas series then plays out. This bleeds back into the GB cast in their jalopy bus running into Kidd Video still playing out on the bridge and they decide to pick them up and head out to Burbank together.
Things get a little weird when the special moves on to Alvin and the Chipmunks. Again, like with Spider-Man, Ross Bagdasarian Jr. reprises the role of Alvin to voice new material over clips from one of the cartoon episodes to tie it into the plot of this new story. The Grit brothers have boarded a train carrying the Chipmunks and Dave to Burbank, and the plan is to steal their train tickets so they'll get kicked off, which they do. But when the Chipmunks get thrown off the train the special switches from animation to live action with three very bulky and ridiculously large chipmunk outfits. They're rescued by Boz who sends the Riptide Helicopter (the Screaming Mimi) to pick them up.
As the special moves into its second half the pace starts to pick up dramatically and the amount of original non-clip material is reduced. The last longish bit involves Mr. T and his gymnasts stopping at a meet they were invited to only to realize that it was a trap and they have a run in with the Grit brothers. Luckily they foil the Grit Bros. plan to steal their bus in a weird mix of live action and animation. Though you hear his voice, you only ever see Mr. T's real life arm (well, it was supposed to be Mr. T, but I'm sure it was just a stand-in double…)
Next up is the Pink Panther and Sons segment where Pinky and Panky, the sons of the Pink Panther are taking a bike ride through a city. The grit brothers show up and decide to paint a fake tunnel opening on a huge rock in the hopes that they will ride smack dab into it. The animation switches over to live action as a person in a huge Panky costume rides a bike straight through the painting much like in a cartoon. It's just assumed that the false tunnel has become a wormhole to Burbank.
In the second to last segment the Grit brothers are sitting in a raft and have a plan to obliterate the Snorks. They explain that everything in the Snorks underwater kingdom is run on steam and so they take control of one of NASA's inter-continental ballistic missiles with a remote control and crash it into the sea sealing off an underwater volcano that is the source of the Snork's steam production. This then switches over to animation where there is a clip of the Snorks removing said missile from the volcano and foiling the Grit Brother's plan.
In the last segment Papa Smurf, the only Smurf not captured by Gargamore, figures out that O'Dette is trying not to laugh. So he develops a potion which he slips to Gargamore that makes him evaporate. Yes, Papa Smurf apparently kills Gargamore!
This leads to an all-out dance celebration with all of the live action characters, cartoons and the guest stars (minus Panky and Thom Bray), rocking out to a spoof of the Ghostbusters theme by Ray Parker Jr.
I'll be the first to admit that this Laugh Busters showcase special was super hokey and kind of hard to watch in spots, but I'm glad I finally caught up with one of these because it was great to see the mash-up of properties and characters. I know I would have loved it had I seen it back in 1984. It's kind of a shame that it's mostly lost to time, so as a small little capper to this experience I took the time to submit a bunch of information about the special to the pathetic IMDB listing. It's slowly updating, but at least there's now a synopsis, more crew and some trivia added. Hopefully they'll add the rest of the cast that I submitted soon and this won't be a completely lost bit of 80s fun.
And before I close this out, here's a list of the original commercials that aired during the special…
1). Fun with McNuggets: This is a fun early McNuggets commercial that still featured some of the older McDonaldland characters like the Professor and Captain Crook…
2). Raisin Bran BMX: This commercial is like a mash-up of the movie Rad and a kid crazy for his two scoops of raisins. So crazy in fact that he decides to ditch halfway through the race to go eat more raisins…
3). Wrangler Clothes (Live It to the Limit with Wrangler): This is the first time I've seen a Wrangler ad that was aimed at a young teen audience. I've always associated these jeans with like older guys who work on farms or construction, so it was weird seeing the brand try and take a more Jordache spin. Also, the commercial is an excuse to strip out of the clothes, a weird choice if you ask me…
4). Wendy's Where's the Beef?: The classic 80s Where's the Beef commercial, 'Nuff Said.
5). Sneak Week with Punky Brewster, Silver Spoons, Highway to Heaven: Always fun seeing the 1st season promo material for Punky Brewster and the most adorable Brandon with an afro…
6). Pop Tarts: Color coordinate your Pop Tarts kids. Also, I forgot how much I missed seeing the bit where the knife is spread over the fruit filling that spells out fruit…
7). Chef Boyardee: This commercial wins the award for worst mom ever. The little girls wants a cookie, but the mom thinking that's unhealthy (why do you have them in the kitchen then?) stops her and gives her a full can of Chef Boyardee spaghetti and meatballs instead. Because that's SOOOOO MUCH BETTER. Sigh…
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1. twofold - adjective
· having more than one decidedly dissimilar aspects or qualities; "a double (or dual) role for an actor"; "the office of a clergyman is twofold; public preaching and private influence"- R.W.Emerson; "every episode has its double and treble meaning"-Frederick Harrison
Synonym(s): double, dual, two-fold, treble, threefold, three-fold
2. twofold - adjective
· twice as great or many; "ate a double portion"; "the dose is doubled"; "a twofold increase"
Synonym(s): double, doubled, two-fold
3. twofold - adverb
· by a factor of two; "the price increased twofold last year"
Synonym(s): two_times
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Bloodborne Pathogens — Occupational Exposure
- What constitutes an occupational exposure in dentistry?
- What body fluids are potentially infectious during an occupational exposure?
- What is the risk of infection after an occupational exposure?
- What should be done following an occupational exposure?
- What factors must qualified health care professionals consider when assessing the need for follow-up of occupational exposures?
- What are some measures to reduce the risk of blood contact?
- Do I have to use dental safety devices?
- References
What constitutes an occupational exposure in dentistry?
An exposure can be defined as a percutaneous injury (e.g., needlestick or cut with a sharp object) or contact of mucous membrane or nonintact skin (e.g., exposed skin that is chapped, abraded, or with dermatitis) with blood, saliva, tissue, or other body fluids that are potentially infectious. Exposure incidents might place dental health care personnel at risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and therefore should be evaluated immediately following treatment of the exposure site by a qualified health care professional.1
What body fluids are potentially infectious during an occupational exposure?
When evaluating occupational exposures to fluids that might contain hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), health care workers should consider that all blood, body fluids, secretions, and excretions except sweat, may contain transmissible infectious agents. Blood contains the greatest proportion of infectious bloodborne virus particle titers of all body fluids and is the most critical transmission vehicle in the health-care setting. During dental procedures it is predictable that saliva will become contaminated with blood. If blood is not visible, it is still likely that very small quantities of blood are present, but the risk for transmitting HBV, HCV, or HIV is extremely small. Despite this small transmission risk, a qualified health care professional1 should evaluate any occupational exposure2 to saliva in dental settings, regardless of visible blood.
What is the risk of infection after an occupational exposure?
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
Health care workers who have received hepatitis B vaccine and have developed immunity to the virus are at virtually no risk for infection. For an unvaccinated person, the risk from a single needlestick or a cut exposure to HBV-infected blood ranges from 6%–30% and depends on the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status of the source individual. Individuals who are both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive and HBeAg positive have more virus in their blood and are more likely to transmit HBV.
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
Based on limited studies, the estimated risk for infection after a needlestick or cut exposure to HCV-infected blood is approximately 1.8%. The risk following a blood splash is unknown but is believed to be very small; however, HCV infection from such an exposure has been reported.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
- The average risk for HIV infection after a needlestick or cut exposure to HlV-infected blood is 0.3% (about 1 in 300). Stated another way, 99.7% of needlestick/cut exposures to HIV-contaminated blood do not lead to infection.
- The risk after exposure of the eye, nose, or mouth to HIV-infected blood is estimated to be, on average, 0.1% (1 in 1,000).
- The risk after exposure of the skin to HlV-infected blood is estimated to be less than 0.1%. A small amount of blood on intact skin probably poses no risk at all. There have been no documented cases of HIV transmission due to an exposure involving a small amount of blood on intact skin (a few drops of blood on skin for a short period of time). The risk may be higher if the skin is damaged (for example, by a recent cut), if the contact involves a large area of skin, or if the contact is prolonged.
What should be done following an occupational exposure?
Wounds and skin sites that have been in contact with blood or body fluids should be washed with soap and water; mucous membranes should be flushed with water. Immediate evaluation must be performed by a qualified health care professional.1 Health care providers who evaluate exposed dental health care professionals should be
- Selected before dental health care professionals are placed at risk of exposure.
- Experienced in providing antiretroviral therapy.
- Familiar with the unique nature of dental injuries so they can provide appropriate guidance on the need for antiretroviral prophylaxis.
Employers should follow all federal (including the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)) and state requirements for recording and reporting occupational injuries and exposures. The following information should be included in the exposure report, recorded in the exposed person's confidential medical record, and made available to qualified health care professionals:1
- Date and time of exposure.
- Details of the procedure being performed, including where and how the exposure occurred, whether the exposure involved a sharp device, the type of device, whether there was visible blood on the device, and how and when during its handling the exposure occurred.
- Details of the exposure, including the type and amount of fluid or material and the severity of the exposure. For a percutaneous injury, details would include the depth of the wound, the gauge of the needle, and whether fluid was injected; for a skin or mucous membrane exposure they would include the estimated volume of material, the duration of contact, and the condition of the skin (e.g., chapped, abraded, or intact).
- Details about the exposure source—whether the patient was infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and his or her hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status; hepatitis C virus (HCV); or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); and, if the source was infected with HIV, the stage of disease, history of antiretroviral therapy, and viral load, if known. If this information is not known from the medical record, then the source patient should be asked to obtain serologic testing for HBV, HCV, and HIV.
- Details about the exposed person (e.g., hepatitis B vaccination and vaccine-response status).
- Details about counseling, post-exposure management, and follow-up.
What factors must qualified health care professionals consider when assessing the need for follow-up of occupational exposures?
The evaluation must include the following factors to determine the need for further follow-up:
Type of exposure
- Percutaneous injury (e.g., depth, extent)
- Mucous membrane exposure
- Nonintact skin exposure
- Bites resulting in blood exposure to either person involved
Type and amount of fluid/tissue
- Blood
- Fluids containing blood
Infectious status of source
- Presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)
- Presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody
- Presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody
Susceptibility of exposed person
- Hepatitis B vaccine and vaccine response status
- HBV, HCV, or HIV immune status
After conducting this initial evaluation of the occupational exposure, a qualified health care professional must decide whether to conduct further follow-up on an individual basis using all of the information obtained.
What are some measures to reduce the risk of blood contact?
Avoiding occupational exposures to blood is the primary way to prevent transmission of HBV, HCV, and HIV in health care settings. Methods used to reduce such exposures in dental settings include engineering and work practice controls and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE).
Engineering controls isolate or remove the bloodborne pathogens hazard from the workplace. These controls are frequently technology-based and often incorporate safer designs of instruments and devices. Examples include sharps disposal containers, rubber dams, and self-sheathing anesthetic needles. Whenever possible, engineering controls should be used as the primary method to reduce exposures to bloodborne pathogens following skin penetration with sharp instruments or needles.
Work practice controls are behavior-based and are intended to reduce the risk of blood exposure by changing the manner in which a task is performed. Examples include using the "scoop" technique to recap an anesthetic needle, removing burs before placing the hand piece in the dental unit, and restricting the use of fingers during suturing and when administering anesthesia.
Personal protective equipment consists of specialized clothing or equipment worn to protect against hazards. Examples include gloves, masks, protective eyewear with side shields, and gowns to prevent skin and mucous membrane exposures.
Do I have to use dental safety devices?
Mandated by the Needlestick and Prevention Act, changes to OSHA's bloodborne pathogen standard were published on January 18, 2001, and took effect April 18, 2001. The revisions clarify the need for employers to select safer needle devices as they become available and to involve employees in identifying and choosing the devices. Additional information about developing a safety program and identifying and evaluating safer dental devices can be found at the following Web sites:
- Forms for screening and evaluating safer dental devices
- Current list of available safer dental devices
- State legislation on needlestick safety
Selected References and Additional Resources
Beltrami EM. The risk and prevention of occupational human immunodeficiency virus infection. Seminars in Infection Control 2001;1:2–18.
CDC. Exposure to Blood: What Health Care Workers Need to Know.
CDC. Guidelines for prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus to health care and public-safety workers. MMWR 1989;38(S-6):1–36.
CDC. Update: Universal precautions for prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and other bloodborne pathogens in health care settings. MMWR 1988;37:377–382, 387–388.
CDC. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSH Alert: Preventing needlestick injuries in health care settings. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, CDC, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1999.
CDC. Updated U.S. Public Health Service guidelines for the management of occupational exposures to HBV, HCV, and HIV and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis. MMWR 2001;50(No.RR-11).
CDC. Updated U.S. Public Health Service guidelines for the management of occupational exposures to HIV and recommendations for Postexposure Prophylaxis MMWR 2005;54(No. RR-9):1–17. Accessed 9/21/09.
Chiarello LA, Bartley JB. Prevention of blood exposure in health care personnel. Seminars in Infection Control 2001;1:30–43.
US Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 29 CFR Part 1910.1030. Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens; Needlestick and Other Sharps Injuries; Final Rule. Federal Register 2001;66:5317–5325. Updated from and including 29 CFR Part 1910.1030. Occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens; final rule. Federal Register December 6, 1991;56:64003–64182. Accessed 9/21/09.
- A qualified health care professional is any health care provider who can provide counseling and perform all medical evaluations and procedures in accordance with the most current recommendations of the U.S. Public Health Service, including postexposure chemotherapeutic prophylaxis when indicated.
- See response to question, "What constitutes an occupational exposure in dentistry?"
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Contact Us:
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OpenEmbedded Wiki Update Project
Since transitioning to OpenEmbedded-Core, much of the content of the OpenEmbedded wiki has gone stale. We now need to embark on a process of updating it to reflect the current state of the project.
This project will consist of two phases:
1. Identify outdated pages
Each outdated page needs to have the Outdated template to each one. You can do this by inserting
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Done -- PaulEggleton 14:18, 7 November 2012 (UTC)
2. Go through pages marked for deletion
For the pages in the Candidates for speedy deletion category:
- Delete the spam-cleared ones immediately
- Sanity check the others before deleting
Done -- PaulEggleton 14:18, 7 November 2012 (UTC)
3. Update/delete outdated information
Go through the pages in the Outdated category and update / delete outdated information.
If you've only updated part of the page you can change
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4. Other tasks
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Reviews Honeymoons
Reviews Honeymoons • A great number of our guests come for weddings, honeymoons, second honeymoons and wedding anniversary celebrations. Here you will find reviews from some of our guests who have had their honeymoons at The Mast Farm Inn.
"An Extraordinary B&B and Restaurant" • "We stayed at Mast Farm Inn for three nights for our honeymoon. For us it was the perfect place to relax. The service was fabulous, the cabin was an amazing experience, and the food was beyond compare. The surrounding area in Watauga County is beautiful and only added to the sense of peace and relaxation we enjoyed at the Farm. We will be most definitely return again and again."
"Awesome Time At The Mast Farm Inn!" • "We stayed one night at the inn while on our honeymoon road trip through the area. We were in the Maple Spring Cottage. It was absolutely charming! Very tasteful, warm and welcoming. Everything you could want and more. We also had dinner at the restaurant. It came highly recommended and managed to exceeded our expectations. We had four courses for dinner, all of which were delicious, seasonal and local. I would highly recommend the inn and restaurant to anyone planning a visit to the area! We only wished we had booked in for more nights!"
"Can't Wait To Visit Again Soon!" • "My husband and I visited the Mast Farm Inn for our honeymoon and then again for our 10-year anniversary. We stayed in the house for our honeymoon and absolutely loved it. For our 10-year anniversary we stayed in the Gazebo Cottage and it was wonderful too. The breakfast that came with our room was so wonderful. The grits and breakfast casseroles were so delicious. We had dinner one night at the Inn and it was exceptional. You cannot get food like this just anywhere. We cannot wait to return again soon."
"Could Not Have Found Any Other Place As Special As The Mast Farm Inn" • "Hi Danielle, We could not have found any other place as special as The Mast Farm Inn to have our Wedding and our Honeymoon. Our wedding was so very intimate and special, we really wish you could have attended. The dinner in our cabin was wonderful and romantic and the very special touches that you and all of the staff of The Mast Farm Inn provided made for a very unforgettable experience. We both loved every minute and intend to return for our Anniversary. Thanks so much for all everyone did to make our special day even more special. God Bless and we will think of you and The Mast Farm Inn with fondest of memories."
"Elopement" • "After looking at many Bed and Breakfasts online, I kept going back to The Mast Farm Inn. After our recent Wedding and Honeymoon there, I realized why. The Inn Keepers and staff of The Mast Farm Inn are absolutely amazing. We did not have to worry about any detail of our wedding except what to wear. The atmosphere in the Loom House was amazing and perfect for our very private and special ceremony. Even though Danielle was extremely busy in the restaurant, she made sure we had our evening meal on our wedding night in our cabin. Special touches like hot coffee and chocolate left by our door the next morning was so much appreciated. The food is outstanding. These ladies are very talented. I highly recommend The Mast Farm Inn if you want rest, privacy, good food, and to be treated like royalty. We intend to visit on our Anniversary every year. Thanks so much to everyone at The Mast Farm Inn for making our special day even more special."
"Everyone Loved The Inn" • "I will have to send you pictures from the wedding and from the honeymoon! We went to Maui, and it was great! Thanks again, everyone loved the Inn, and those friends and family that were not a part of the wedding have seen pictures and comment on how beautiful the Inn was! I am so so happy that I got married at The Mast Farm Inn! Yea! Hope all is well there. Fondly, PS: Tell your Mother Hi"
"Honeymoon Stay" • "My wife and I spent two days at the Inn last week, and the accommodations and food at the Mast Farm Inn far exceeded my expectations. The room was much larger than I anticipated, and it was very cozy. Everyone was very friendly and helpful, and breakfast was fantastic. We also had a great Shrimp & Grits dinner for a great price on Thursday at the Inn. All in all a great experience that I highly recommend for anyone looking for some time away from it all."
"To The Staff At Mast Farm Inn" • "I just want to say thanks to you for providing a wonderful dining experience for my niece and her husband on their honeymoon. They called me as soon as they left the restaurant to tell me about the special evening they had. They told me that from the moment they walked in, you treated them like VIPs. They enjoyed the sparkling drinks that were served in champagne glasses and said the food was delicious. My niece said their salads tasted like the lettuce had just been picked and he said his dinner was so good he wanted to lick the plate clean. Fortunately, he didn't. They both said they had never eaten at such a wonderful place and it was an evening which will always be remembered. Thank you for helping me give them such a special gift."
"We Had Our Honeymoon At The Mast Farm And It Was Fantastic!" • "We were going to go to the islands but my wife found your place on the Internet. I have to tell you we absolutely loved it! We have put our house for sale and actually moving to West Jefferson or Todd. Just want to Thank You for the beautiful inn you own."
"Worth Every Dollar" • "My husband and I stayed here for our honeymoon. Upon arrival we were informed that the room we had reserved had a problem with the air conditioner, so we were offered The Woodwork Shop instead, which is a much larger and more expensive accommodation at the same rate. We were very pleasantly surprised by all the little details the Inn provided. We ate dinner our first night there at the Inn and loved every bit of it. it is a more expensive meal, but worth every penny if you enjoy gourmet cuisine. Every morning there was a basket of 2 mugs, a thermos of coffee, and all the fixin's outside our door. Breakfast is also gourmet very fresh and I personally found it filling. I think this is what sets this Inn apart from a lot of other B&B's is that they DO provide a gourmet breakfast and not just the standard country breakfast we could get at any local diner. The gift shop had lots of different and artistic little items. My husband and I purchased some little stuffed animals that are reminiscent of sock monkeys that we hope to give to future children from our honeymoon trip. I commend Mast Farm Inn for their effort to be organic, earth friendly, homey, artistic, and all together friendly. They definitely do NOT take the easy way out in any thing they do. I would highly recommend them to any and everyone!"
"You Guys Were Wonderful" • "Dear friends, you guys were wonderful. For Lisa and I it was in so many ways a second honeymoon. We were so at home and relaxed. The food was fabulous! Congratulations on such a special place. Until next time"


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When Laura Kuenssberg took over from Robinson, the meme of the "Tory BBC" took hold and filtered into Corbynism. Kuenssberg became a lightning rod for the new left's dissatisfactions, the target of a petition demanding that she be sacked and for routine, vitriolic accusations of bias towards the government. Instances that did not fit the narrative, including Kuenssberg's frequent harsh questioning of Theresa May, were dismissed. For Conservatives used to their own adversarial relationship with the BBC, this was an unusual development.
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In parallel with Corbynism, the EU referendum campaign and its aftermath had their own corrosive effect on trust in the media. In the press, the line between campaigning and reporting dissolved as rightwing titles threw themselves wholeheartedly behind Leave. TV coverage became a battleground. Leave campaigners claimed to have identified consistent pro-EU bias from the BBC. Remainers detected dangerous instances of false balance, most notoriously when a poll found that 88% of UK economists were against Brexit, only for their views to be set repeatedly against those of a single economist, Professor Patrick Minford , who said that Brexit would not damage trade and the UK economy. This and other coverage distorted the vote, say Remainers, by creating a misleading impression that experts were split on the issue.
"Economic and political truth isn't discovered by a straw poll," argues Wallace, a Leave supporter. "If one person's right and everyone else is wrong, that single person is still right. I actually think the BBC made great efforts to be balanced during the referendum. The Ukip surge and the feedback they got showed that Euroscepticism was more popular than they'd thought."
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New technologies give FM radio stations the ability to accelerate the process of bringing radio spots on air. They also provide the radio stations with the option to optimize the campaigns with real time data. In this session you will see what is already possible today and how you can start running programmatic audio campaigns on your FM station. We will have a look at the software that uses an artificial intelligence to set up a media plan within seconds and will see how real time data can help optimizing a campaign. We will also have a look at the first programmatic campaign run on FM radio stations in Germany that used real time information on the store traffic of the advertisers to decide when and where to run the radio ad. Overall you will learn how your radio stations or sales houses can gain the ability to face the growing demand for data-driven advertising campaigns. The presentation will also show you how technology gives your sales team new arguments to convince advertisers to work with your station.
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Evening classes canceled Feb. 7, 2018. Learn more.
Home | Academics | Our Schools | Conservatory of Performing Arts | Conservatory News & Features
Pittsburgh CLO Cabaret's production of A Grand Night for Singing features Conservatory of Performing Arts alumni, faculty and a student.
Directed by Assistant Professor Jack Allison and choreographed by Associate Professor Kiesha Lalama, the show cast theatre alumni Bre Pursell ('11), John Wascavage ('10), Kristiann Menotiades ('03) and senior musical theatre major Katie Oxman.
Oxman said one of the reasons she chose to attend Point Park was because it is within walking distance to the Pittsburgh Cultural District.
"It's great to be able to land a role in a performance at one of the Cultural District venues and still make it to class in the morning," said Oxman.
A Grand Night for Singing runs through Jan. 20 at the CLO Cabaret. Tickets can be purchased online at www.pittsburghclo.org.
Point Park's theatre program combines hands-on experience and rigorous training with internationally recognized master teachers, directors and choreographers. Learn more about auditioning for the program.
Article by Kayleigh Smith, junior public relations and advertising major
Photo by Matt Polk
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