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To study the possible predictive value of drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) in assessing therapeutic response to implanted upper airway stimulation (UAS) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
During DISE, artificial sleep is induced by midazolam and/or propofol, and the pharyngeal collapse patterns are visualized using a flexible fiberoptic nasopharyngoscope. The level (palate, oropharynx, tongue base, hypopharynx/epiglottis), the direction (anteroposterior, concentric, lateral), and the degree of collapse (none, partial, or complete) were scored in a standard fashion.
We report on the correlation between DISE results and therapy response in 21 OSA patients (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] 38.5 ± 11.8/h; body mass index [BMI] 28 ± 2 kg/m2, age 55 ± 11 y, 20 male/1 female) who underwent DISE before implantation of a UAS system. Statistical analysis revealed a significantly better outcome with UAS in patients (n = 16) without palatal complete concentric collapse (CCC), reducing AHI from 37.6 ± 11.4/h at baseline to 11.1 ± 12.0/h with UAS (p < 0.001). No statistical difference was noted in AHI or BMI at baseline between the patients with and without palatal CCC. In addition, no predictive value was found for the other DISE collapse patterns documented.
The absence of palatal CCC during DISE may predict therapeutic success with implanted UAS therapy. DISE can be recommended as a patient selection tool for implanted UAS to treat OSA.
Vanderveken OM; Maurer JT; Hohenhorst W; Ha-mans E; Lin HS; Vroegop AV; Anders C; de Vries N; Van de Heyning PH. Evaluation of drug-induced sleep endoscopy as a patient selection tool for implanted upper airway stimulation for obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med 2013;9(5):433-438.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by repetitive upper airway collapse during sleep, causing hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation that lead to daytime sleepiness and increased risk of cardiovascular incidents, motor vehicle, and occupational accidents. 1–3 The gold standard for the treatment of OSA is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).4,5 It has been demonstrated that successful CPAP treatment improves systemic hypertension and prolongs survival.6 However, the clinical effectiveness of CPAP is often limited by low patient acceptance, poor tolerance, and suboptimal compliance.7 Therefore, non-CPAP alternatives for the treatment of sleep disordered breathing, such as oral appliance therapy with custom-made titratable mandibular advancement devices, surgery, or upper airway stimulation (UAS) have gained growing interes t.8–13 UAS therapy, which uses electrical stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve, has been previously reported to be safe and efficacious in a select group of OSA patients who cannot or will not use CPAP as primary treatme nt.13–17 In non-selected OSA patients undergoing UAS therapy, a large interindividual difference in response to stimulation is obser ved.13,14 A recent study by Van de Heyning et al. examined a set of factors predictive for therapy response to UAS.13
Current Knowledge/Study Rationale: Upper airway stimulation (UAS) using respiratory-paced electrical stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve is a safe and efficacious non-CPAP therapy in a well-selected group of patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Patient baseline characteristics and the pattern and sites of upper airway obstruction are suggested to be predictors of UAS treatment success.
Study Impact: In this study, the predictive value of drug-induced sleep-endoscopy (DISE) was assessed towards UAS treatment success in 21 OSA patients. The results demonstrate a strong correlation between the absence of a complete circular collapse at the level of the palate as documented during DISE and a successful treatment outcome with UAS; based on these results, DISE can be recommended as a patient selection tool for implanted UAS to treat OSA.
Drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) is increasingly being performed, offering the possibility of dynamic upper airway evaluation during artificial sleep as a promising technique for selecting the proper non-CPAP treatment for OSA patients.18,19
The aim of this study was to perform a detailed assessment of the possible predictive value of DISE in the evaluation of therapeutic response to implanted UAS therapy for OSA. Some of the results of this study have been previously reported in the form of an abstract.20
We report on OSA patients who underwent a DISE before UAS system implantation.13 Patients with moderate to severe OSA (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] ≥ 15/h sleep) and BMI < 35 kg/m2 were selected for UAS system implantation if they failed or were intolerant of CPAP treatment. Exclusion criteria included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, New York Heart Association class III or IV congestive heart failure, neuromuscular diseases, or prior upper airway surgeries not related to OSA. The trial was approved by the institutional review boards or ethics committees at all participating centers, and informed consent was obtained from all study subjects.
An 18-channel in-laboratory polysomnography examination was conducted according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) guidelines.21 Hypopneas were scored according to the AASM 2007 Rule 4a: a nasal pressure drop ≥ 30% of baseline, duration > 10 sec, ≥ 4% desaturation from baseline, and ≥ 90% of the event duration must meet the amplitude reduction criteria for hypopnea.
The DISE procedure was performed by an ENT surgeon in a semi-dark and silent operating room with the patient in supine position.22,23 Continuous monitoring of cardiac rhythms and oxygen saturation was provided.22 Unconscious sedation was induced by intravenous administration of midazolam with a bolus injection of 1.5 mg and/or with propofol using a target-controlled infusion system at a target of 2.0 to 3.0 mcg/mL. During DISE, the level (palate, oropharynx, tongue base, hypopharynx/epiglottis), the direction (anteroposterior [AP], concentric, lateral), and degree of upper airway collapse (none, partial, or complete) were scored in a standard fashion.22–26 The palate is defined as the particular portion of the upper airway at the level of the soft palate and uvula, while the oropharynx is defined by the pharyngeal region at the levels of the tonsils (above the tongue base). The tongue base is defined as the retroglossal area, and the hypopharynx is defined as the upper airway region below the tongue base, including of the tip of the epiglottis. The collapse patterns were assessed during inspiration. All ENT surgeons who performed DISE in the present study were experienced with this procedure, and the DISE videos were assessed by the ENT surgeon who performed the procedure. The mean duration of the procedure was 25 ± 18 minutes.
The UAS system consists of a respiration sensor, a programmable implanted pulse generator, and stimulating electrodes (Inspire Upper Airway Stimulation therapy, Inspire Medical Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA). The Inspire II Upper Airway Stimulation (UAS) system (Inspire Medical Systems, Maple Grove, MN) consisted of a respiration sensor, programmable implanted pulse generator (IPG), and stimulating electrodes. The sensor detected respiratory efforts from the chest that were analyzed by the IPG. From the sensor signal, the IPG predicted the onset of inspiration, delivering stimulation pulses between the end of expiration and the beginning of the next expiratory phase of each respiratory cycle. The electrical pulses were applied to the hypoglossal nerve through platinum/iridium electrodes. The patient was given a programming device capable of initiating and terminating the UAS therapy. The operative technique of the implantation of the UAS system used in this study has been described in detail previously.13,27
The present study used the criteria established by Sher et al. to define treatment success as AHI < 20/h after treatment and an AHI reduction ≥ 50% as compared to baseline.28 Additionally, success rates were assessed for a success definition of AHI < 15/h sleep. To assess daytime sleepiness, patients filled out the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).29
The pre-implantation AHI was compared to AHI 6 months after implantation. Statistical analysis was performed using MATLAB (The Mathworks, Natick, MA, USA) and Excel (Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA, USA). A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the pre-implantation AHI to the post-implantation AHI. Differences were considered statistically significant if the p-value was less than 0.05. Results were presented as means and standard deviations.
DISE videos were recorded for 21 patients with an established diagnosis of moderate to severe OSA before the implantation of the UAS system. Patients were predominantly male, with an average age of 55 ± 11 years, a baseline AHI of 38.5 ± 11.8/h, and a BMI of 28 ± 2 kg/m2 (Table 1).
Patient demographics, including baseline differences between patients with and without complete concentric collapse (CCC) at the level of the palate
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An overview of the distribution of the levels of upper airway collapse for all patients included in this study based on DISE scoring is provided in Figure 1 and Table 2. The majority of patients (91%) had multilevel collapse, predominantly at the palatal and tongue base levels and rarely at the oropharyngeal and hypopharynx/epiglottis levels (Figure 1). The most common upper airway collapse patterns noted in this study were AP collapse at the levels of the palate (76.2%) and the tongue base (71.4%) (Table 2).
Venn diagram showing the percentages per upper airway level including the percentages of overlap between the different levels in case of multi-level collapse
Overview of the distribution of the levels of upper airway collapse including the corresponding direction of upper airway collapse based on DISE scoring (n = 21)
Sixteen patients were categorized as having predominant AP palatal collapse, and 5 were categorized as having complete concentric collapse (CCC) at the palatal level (Figure 2). There was no significant difference in baseline AHI, BMI, or age between patients with and without palatal CCC (Table 1).
Example of anteroposterior (left) versus concentric (right) collapse at the level of the palate during DISE
In this patient group, 19 of 21 patients had multilevel collapse. All patients had at least a collapse at the level of the palate (Figure 1), whereas tongue base, hypopharynx/epiglottis, and oropharynx collapse were noted in 80.9%, 33.4%, and 23.9% of patients, respectively (Figure 1). Conversely, no patients had tongue base collapse without palatal collapse (Figure 1). The most common combination of multilevel collapse was the combination of AP palatal and AP tongue base collapse without epiglottis collapse, which occurred in 33% of the patients.
Patients with palatal CCC did not have a significant change in AHI with UAS 6 months after implantation, as baseline AHI was 41.5 ± 13.8/h and AHI with UAS was 48.1 ± 18.7/h, (p = 0.44; Figure 2). The patients without palatal CCC had a significant improvement in AHI with UAS despite multilevel collapse at the palate and tongue base. For this subset of patients, AHI went from 37.6 ± 11.4/h at baseline to 11.6 ± 11.7/h with UAS (p < 0.001; Figure 2). Thirteen patients with both palatal AP and tongue base AP collapse had a significant improvement in the AHI, decreasing from 38.0 ± 10.3 at baseline to 13.6 ± 12.1 with UAS (p < 0.001).
The overall UAS treatment success rate for all 21 patients included in this study using Sher's criteria was 62% (13/21). Treatment success in the subset of patients without CCC collapse at the level of the palate was 81% (13/16), while treatment success could not be achieved in any patient with CCC collapse at the level of the palate in this study (0/5). When assessing the success rates specifically for AHI < 15, overall success would be achieved in 11/21 (52.4%) patients. In patients without palatal CCC success would be achieved in 11/16 patients (68.8%); in patients with palatal CCC this would be 0/5 (0%). There was no significant difference in BMI between baseline and 6 months in either group. Overall, ESS improved significantly from baseline 8.2 ± 5.0 to 6.4 ± 4.3 (p = 0.02; n = 18).
This study evaluates DISE as a patient selection tool for implanted UAS therapy to treat OSA. The results of this study indicate that the absence of CCC at the level of the palate as documented during DISE may predict therapeutic success for OSA patients with implanted UAS therapy. These finding are highly relevant to the field, as previous studies have indicated that the application of hypoglossal nerve stimulation in non-selected OSA patients leads to high interindividual variation in therapeutic effectiveness.13,15–17,30 The role of DISE in patient selection for implanted UAS therapy was recently addressed; however, the present study population consists of 5 additional subjects and provides specific demographics of the various combinations of multilevel upper airway collapse in this population. Patients with palatal CCC did not have a significant change in AHI with UAS 6 months after implantation (AHI 41.5 ± 13.8/h at baseline versus 48.1 ± 18.7/h with UAS), suggesting that the tongue protrusion resulting from the UAS therapy is not sufficient to overcome the airway obstruction in patients with CCC at the level of the palate. The results of this study also suggest that the stimulation at the base of tongue can potentially overcome AP obstruction not only at the base of tongue level but also at the palatal level. A statistically significant reduction in AHI was seen in patients with both AP palatal and tongue base collapse, suggesting that UAS can resolve multilevel collapse. One possible explanation might be that an AP palatal collapse is due to a tongue base obstruction pushing back the soft palate. In this concept, UAS is able to maintain airway patency as the tongue base is directly hindered from obstruction which keeps the palate in an anterior position. These results showing that palatal CCC prohibits therapeutic success with UAS might indicate that an AP movement induced by hypoglossal nerve stimulation cannot resolve a concentric collapse of the upper airway. Thus, the actual effects of upper airway muscle activation on upper airway shape are dependent on both the upper airway region and cross-sectional area.31 Further research on DISE as a patient selection tool for implanted UAS may focus on upper airway behavior during UAS as assessed during DISE. In a recent study by Goding et al., cross-table fluoroscopic images were obtained during hypoglossal nerve stimulation in 26 subjects while two-dimensional changes in the AP dimensions of both the retropalatal and the retrolingual airway spaces were recorded.32 The results of this fluoroscopy study indicate that during hypoglossal nerve stimulation, an opening of the upper airway at the level of the palate occurs in a majority of cases, confirming the beneficial effect of hypoglossal nerve stimulation on the AP upper airway dimensions.32
There is great interest in the prospective prediction of treatment outcome of non-CPAP options such as surgery and oral appliance therapy.22,33 DISE provides an alternative method of studying the upper airway in OSA patients while performing a fiberoptic endoscopy during sedation. The lack of uniformity in the methods used for sedation during DISE as well as the fact that a consensus on DISE scoring systems has not yet been established, are clear limitations to this study.22,23,34,35 Recent studies that address the test-retest and the intra- and interob-server variability in DISE scoring indicate that the reliability of both are moderate to fair, and that inter-observer agreement is higher in ENT surgeons who are experienced with DISE.36–39 The limitations of this study also include the fact that DISE was performed only in the supine position, whereas upper airway collapse patterns should ideally be assessed in both the supine and non-supine position40.
It is well known that the probability of a multilevel collapse is significantly associated with the severity of OSA, as higher AHI values are correlated with a higher percentage of multilevel collapse.25,35,41 This finding might explain the high prevalence of multilevel collapse in our study (91%) given the relatively high overall baseline AHI of 38.5 ± 11.8/h. Upper airway collapse at the level of the palate was the most common level of collapse in this study, with collapse at the level of the tongue base being the second most common (Figure 1). Again, these findings are in line with previous studies.35,41
Two recent studies have shown a correlation between a patient's BMI and the therapeutic response to UAS.13,32 In addition, a baseline AHI ≤ 50/h turned out to be a predictor of UAS therapy response.13
Although the number of patients included in this study was relatively low, a clinically and statistically significant difference in AHI was detected between the two groups of OSA patients (those with versus those without palatal CCC; Figure 3). According to Sher's criteria, treatment success in the patients without palatal CCC was 81%, while no patients with CCC at the level of the palate could be treated successfully with UAS. The correlation between the absence of CCC at the level of the palate and treatment success with UAS turned out to be independent from baseline AHI and the patient's BMI (Table 1). Given that both parameters were previously described as predictors of therapeutic outcome with hypoglossal nerve stimulation for OSA, the fact that the absence of palatal CCC remains highly predictive independent from AHI and BMI certainly adds to the power of these findings.
Left panel: boxplots showing the 75th and 25th percentiles by the upper and lower margins, the mean values by the closed circle, and the median values by the horizontal line. Whiskers represent the maximum value (top) and the minimum value (bottom) of the dataset; this range includes all data except the outliers. Outliers are represented by an open circle. Right panel: the individual patient response data are plotted in line graphs, with the white squares being the AHI values in patients without CCC and the black circles being the AHI values in patients with CCC. N.S., not significant; ***p < 0.001.
Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in patients with (black color) and without (white color) complete concentric collapse (CCC) at the level of the palate 6 months after UAS implantation during stimulation as compared to baseline without UAS; the different grayscales represent the distinction between normal nocturnal breathing (AHI 30/h)Left panel: boxplots showing...
In conclusion, based on the results of the reported study, DISE can be recommended as a patient selection tool for implanted UAS to treat OSA. Further analysis of the predictive value of DISE in assessing therapeutic response to UAS therapy needs to be performed in larger multicenter trials that are currently ongoing.
This study was supported by Inspire Medical Systems, Inc. Mr. Vanderveken is co-investigator for a study supported by Inspire Medical Systems Inc. Dr. Maurer is co-investigator for a study supported by Inspire Medical Systems Inc. He had paid speaking engagements with Inspire Medical Systems Inc. (USA), GlaxoSmithKline (Germany), Weinmann (Germany), Olympus (Germany), ResMed (Germany), Neuwirth (Germany), Medtronic (USA) and Heinen & Löwenstein (Germany). Dr. Maurer received paid speaking engagement and surgical cadaver training for beginners. Mr. Hohenhorst is investigator for Inspire Medical Systems Inc. Mr. Hamans is a consultant for Philips Healthcare. Mr. Lin has participated as a co-investigator in clinical trials sponsored by Inspire Medical Systems Inc. and has served as a consultant for Inspire Medical Systems Inc. Dr. Anders is co-investigator for a study supported by Inspire Medical Systems Inc. He had paid speaking engagements with Inspire Medicial Systems Inc. (USA), GlaxoSmithKline (Germany), Weinmann (Germany), Olympus (Germany), ResMed (Germany), Neuwirth (Germany), Medtronic (USA) and Heinen & Löwenstein (Germany). He has also received paid speaking engagement and surgical cadaver training for beginners. Dr. de Vries is medical advisor for MSD, ReVENT, NightBalance; investigator for Inspire Medical Systems Inc.; consultant for Philips; and has stock options in ReVENT. Dr. Van de Heyning is an investigator for Inspire Medical Systems Inc. The other authors have indicated no financial conflicts of interest.
apnea-hypopnea index
body mass index
complete concentric collapse
continuous positive airway pressure
drug-induced sleep endoscopy
obstructive sleep apnea
upper airway stimulation
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Three months after serving their first free meal, the organizers of Our Daily Bread Dining Room of M.O.T. say they're looking to make the community soup kitchen into a five-day-a-week operation with its own facility.
Three months after serving their first free meal, the organizers of Our Daily Bread Dining Room of M.O.T. say they're looking to make the community soup kitchen into a five-day-a-week operation with its own facility.
"There is definitely a need out there and we have more than enough volunteers to sustain us if and when we expand," said Edna Cale, a member of the Appoquinimink school board and the spokesperson for Our Daily Bread. "We've been holding fundraisers to help us raise the money we would need to operate in a new facility. All we need now is a location."
Since January, Our Daily Bread has been serving an average of 40 free, hot lunches in Dale Memorial United Methodist Church at 143 E. Lake St. from noon to 2 p.m. on the first and third Mondays of the month.
Cale and other representatives of the all-volunteer soup kitchen said the church has been a supportive host, but scheduling the use of its recently-added wing has placed limits on the length of time and frequency Our Daily Bread can provide meals.
"Right now, the two meals a month that we are providing are two meals that people don't have to worry about where their food is going to come from," Cale said. "But we know we can do more, and we know there is more need in the community."
Although Our Daily Bread first began serving free meals in December, the group got its start in the fall of 2011 when several town residents approached the Middletown Action Network with an interest in launching a local soup kitchen.
Following an assessment study of the need in the community, the Middletown Action Network backed the proposal and Our Daily Bread was awarded federal nonprofit status in February 2012.
"We chose to open at Dale Memorial United Methodist because, in order to serve meals, we have to meet certain food handling and sanitary guidelines, and the church has a brand new kitchen that meets every code requirement," explained Middletown Town Planner Tim DeSchepper, the president of Our Daily Bread.
Most of the food served by Our Daily Bread is donated to the organization and then prepared on site by volunteers. The church also provides canned items and other non-perishable foods for people to take home.
Volunteer coordinator Betty Sorrell said that while the church has been a great place for Our Daily Bread to get off the ground, the location also has presented some drawbacks.
"Although we're non-denominational, we've heard that some people who might need a hot meal won't come here because it's a church and that makes them uncomfortable," she said. "We also have a pool of about 80 volunteers, but only a core group of about 25 come out regularly, because some of them think we should be providing the service more often."
Cale and Sorrell said Our Daily Bread has not yet found a new location for the soup kitchen.
"Ideally, we'd like to be near where the Boys & Girls Club is (at 14 S. Broad St.), or somewhere that local businesses won't be concerned about having people stopping in," Sorrell said. "We've never had any problem whatsoever, but we know some business owners say they don't want a large crowd hanging around."
In the meantime, Our Daily Bread will continue to provide lunch twice a month at Dale Memorial United Methodist Church to anyone who needs it, regardless of income, employment or other need-based factors.
"We'll feed anyone regardless of whether you're in need or what section of town you live in," Cale said. "All you have to do is come through that door."
Upcoming fundraisers for Our Daily Bread
Our Daily Bread Dining Room will be holding the following fundraisers to continuing paying rent at Dale Memorial United Methodist Church, as well as to generate funds eventually to be used to find a new location:
March 29 – Fish Fry from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. at Middletown Academy Building, 216 N. Broad St.; $7 per sandwich, $9 per dinner, which includes a sandwich, two sides and cookies
June 8 – Flapjacks for Funds Raffle from 8 a.m. to 10 a.m. at Applebee's, 320 Dove Run Centre Blvd.; a portion of the $10 all-you-can-eat breakfast will benefit Our Daily Bread. Event also to feature raffle. Raffle tickets are $1 each, 3 for $5, and 13 for $10.


text:
USB storage devices
This document describes how to use the popular USB memory sticks with Linux. However, it is also valid for other devices such as digital cameras that act as if they were just a USB storage device.
If you have an up-to-date system with the standard Arch kernel and a modern Desktop environment your device should just show up on your desktop, with no need to open a console.
Auto-mounting with udisks
This is the easiest and most frequently used method. It is used by many desktop environments, but can be used separately too. See Udisks for details.
Manual mounting
Getting a kernel that supports usb_storage
If you do not use a custom-made kernel, you are ready to go, for all Arch Linux stock kernels are properly configured. If you do use a custom-made kernel, ensure it is compiled with SCSI-Support, SCSI-Disk-Support and usb_storage. If you use the latest udev, you may just plug your device in and the system will automatically load all necessary kernel modules. Older releases of udev would need hotplug installed too. Otherwise, you can do the same thing manually:
# modprobe usb-storage # modprobe sd_mod (only for non SCSI kernels)
sg module (SCSI generic driver).
Identifying device
First thing one need to access storage device is it's identifier assigned by kernel. See fstab#Identifying filesystems for details.
lsblk -f (explained in the linked article) when the USB device is connected and when it is unconnected.
Mounting USB memory
You need to create the directory in which you are going to mount the device:
# mkdir /mnt/usbstick
As root
Mount the device as root with this command (do not forget to replace device_node by the path you found):
# mount device_node /mnt/usbstick
# mount -U UUID /mnt/usbstick
mount does not recognize the format of the device you can try to use the
-t argument, see
man mount for details.
As normal user with mount
If you want non-root users to be able to write to the USB stick, you can issue the following command:
# mount -o gid=users,fmask=113,dmask=002 /dev/sda1 /mnt/usbstick
As normal user with fstab
If you want non-root users to be able to mount a USB memory stick via fstab, add the following line to your
/etc/fstab file:
/dev/sda1 /mnt/usbstick vfat user,noauto,noatime,flush 0 0
or better:
UUID=E8F1-5438 /mnt/usbstick vfat user,noauto,noatime,flush 0 0
(see description of user and other options in the main article)
/dev/sda1 is replaced with the path to your own usbstick, see Mounting USB memory.
Now, any user can mount it with:
$ mount /mnt/usbstick
And unmount it with:
$ umount /mnt/usbstick
Unmounting devices mounted with udev or systemd/udev
Create an executable file (e.g.
#!/bin/sh # Global variables TITLE="Unmount Utility" COLUMNS=3 # TARGET,SOURCE,FSTYPE #IFS=$'\n' # Populate list of unmountable devices deviceList=($(findmnt -Do TARGET,SOURCE,FSTYPE | grep -e "sd[b-z]")) deviceCount=$((${#deviceList[@]} / $COLUMNS)) # Start of program output echo $TITLE # Display list of devices that can be unmounted for ((device=0; device<${#deviceList[@]}; device+=COLUMNS)) do printf "%4s) %-25s%-13s%-10s\n"\ "$(($device / $COLUMNS))"\ "${deviceList[$device]}"\ "${deviceList[$(($device + 1))]}"\ "${deviceList[$(($device + 2))]}" done printf "%4s) Exit\n" "x" # Get input from user read -p "Choose a menu option: " input # Input validation if [ "$input" = "X" ] || [ "$input" = "x" ] then echo "Exiting" exit 0 fi if (( $input>=0 )) && (( $input<$deviceCount )) then echo "Unmounting: ${deviceList[$(($input * $deviceCount))]}" sudo umount "${deviceList[$(($input * $deviceCount))]}" exit 0 else echo "Invalid menu choice" exit 1 fi


text:
It has been shown by Professor Wilczynski that a non-developable analytic surface S may be regarded as an integrating surface of a non-involutory, completely integrable system of partial differential equations of the form
where the subscripts denote partial differentiation, and where the coefficients, which are seminvariants, are analytic functions of u and v satisfying the integrability conditions
Then the curves u = const., v = const. form an asymptotic net on the surface S. We shall assume that in general a' ≠ 0, b ≠ 0, thus excluding ruled surfaces from our discussion.
Under the above conditions (1) has exactly four linearly independent solutions
which are interpreted as the homogeneous coordinates of a point y on the surface S. The semicovariants of (1) are
Substituting the values (3) for y in (4) we obtain four points y, yu, yv, yuv which are not coplanar since no relations of the form
αy(k) + βyu(k) + γyv(k) + δyuv(k) = 0
can exist among them. For, otherwise (1) could have at most three linearly independent solutions. Hence these points may be used as the vertices of a local tetrahedron of reference for the purpose of studying S in the neighborhood of the point y. An expression of the form
τ = a1y + a2yu + a3yv + a4yuv
where a1, a2, a3, a4 are analytic functions of u and v, assumes four values τ(1), τ(2), τ(3), τ(4) corresponding to the four values of y. Hence τ determines a point whose local coordinates may be defined by writing
x1 = a1, x2 = a2, x3 = a3, x4 = a4
Consider the case when two such points
are given for every point y of the surface S. If we associate the line L, determined by τ1 and τ2, with each point of S, these lines form a congruence. Wilczynski and Green have considered such congruences in cases where the lines L pass through the point y or lie in the corresponding tangent plane. In this paper we shall consider the more general problems connected with the congruences determined by the lines L when L has an arbitrary position relative to S. General formulas will be obtained for the torsal curves and the guide curves (to be defined later), and for the focal points on L. These general formulas will then be applied to certain certain special congruences in connection with which various configurations of the lines themselves will be studied.


text:
Design Development
Consumer Product Design Development, from Concept to Commercialization
When it comes to consumer product design development, early collaboration saves you money and time. Partner with the experts at Phillips-Medisize – your single source for full design development services.
As one of North America's leading manufacturers and custom injection molders, Phillips-Medisize offers you the following design development capabilities for the consumer market, to name a few:
- Design Research
- Design Analysis and Verification
- Electronics Integration
- Industrial Design
- Mechanical Design and Engineering
- Prototyping and Design Verification Builds
- Quality Integrated Development
- Test Method Development and Execution
- Tool Build
On your behalf, we are committed to helping you ensure that your consumer product design will:
- Meet the initial requirements and specifications throughout the development cycle
- Integrate quality prior to onset of the manufacturing phase
- Meet delivery and cost targets
- Truly recognize and focus on the most critical user inputs
- Be optimized to consider the most efficient and effective manufacturing process
Unlike typical product development life cycles, Phillips-Medisize's processes are time-tested and technology focused to reduce communication gaps and development lag time. By integrating Phillips-Medisize's manufacturing experience at the early stages of development, you may reduce overall lead time and cost of the typical product development life cycle, thereby enhancing the overall success, speed and longevity of your program.
Design Through Distribution: Phillips-Medisize's Competitive Edge
Time is money. Success depends upon your ability to achieve speed to market. The pressure is on original equipment manufacturers to be involved, as early as possible, with a partner that can provide full, one-stop service for manufacturing design development, all the way through to commercialization.
Consumer Product Design Development Can Help You:
- Define product differentiation in the marketplace
- Enhance product form and function
- Optimize ergonomics and aesthetics
- Lower your overall product cost and maximize profitability
- Maximize speed to market


text:
Thank you for visiting my website. I'm running to represent our community on the Los Angeles City Council. I want to get Los Angeles back to work for the San Fernando Valley - let's work together to get the city service that we all deserve. I've been proud to call the Valley my home for my entire life. I would be honored to have your support and I look forward to working together with you to have a valley voice on the Los Angeles City Council.
Felipe Fuentes, Candidate
Los Angeles City Council


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Difference between revisions of "YAMON"
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== External Links ==
== External Links ==
* [http://
* [http://..com///-/ YAMON page].
* [http://www.
a ''free'' registration to
* http://www..com///-
* [http://www..com/-.?=YAMON ]
* http://www..com//
Latest revision as of 13:10, 8 March 2015
YAMON™ is the ROM monitor used on MIPS Technologies' development boards.
An example of YAMON boot log on a MIPS Malta Board with a 24Kc core:
YAMON ROM Monitor, Revision 02.06. Copyright (c) 1999-2004 MIPS Technologies, Inc. - All Rights Reserved. For a list of available commands, type 'help'. Compilation time = Mar 23 2004 16:50:44 Board type/revision = 0x02 (Malta) / 0x00 Core board type/revision = 0x07 (CoreFPGA-2) / 0x00 System controller/revision = MIPS SOC-it 101 OCP / 1.3 SDR-FW-1:1 FPGA revision = 0x0001 MAC address = 00.d0.a0.00.04.2b Board S/N = 0000000819 PCI bus frequency = 33.33 MHz Processor Company ID/options = 0x01 (MIPS Technologies, Inc.) / 0x00 Processor ID/revision = 0x93 (MIPS 24Kc) / 0x60 Endianness = Little CPU/Bus frequency = 25 MHz / 25 MHz Flash memory size = 4 MByte SDRAM size = 64 MByte First free SDRAM address = 0x800b3860
Environment variables
YAMON maintains a set of the environment variables in non-volatile memory. Example of environment variables in YAMON:
YAMON> set baseboardserial (RO) 0000000819 bootfile (R/W) bootprot (R/W) tftp bootserport (R/W) tty0 bootserver (R/W) 0.0.0.0 cpuconfig (R/W) ethaddr (RO) 00.d0.a0.00.04.2b fpu (R/W) gateway (R/W) 0.0.0.0 ipaddr (R/W) 10.0.0.100 memsize (RO) 0x04000000 modetty0 (R/W) 38400,n,8,1,hw modetty1 (R/W) 38400,n,8,1,hw prompt (R/W) YAMON start (R/W) startdelay (R/W) subnetmask (R/W) 255.255.255.0 yamonrev (RO) 02.06
User API
YAMON provides a set of functions callable by application. Pointers to these functions are located in a table located at 0x9fc00500.
An SREC kernel image can be loaded in YAMON as follows:
YAMON> load tftp://<tftp server name>/<srec file in /tftpboot>
for example, if I have a vmlinux.srec in /tftpboot on 10.0.0.139, then:
YAMON> load tftp://10.0.0.139/vmlinux.srec
YAMON> fread tftp://<ipaddr>/<filename> <address>
Load binary image to RAM or flash (depending on address) from TFTP server. The image is a binary file, not in ELF format.
There is also second-stage IDE bootloader mipsboot
External Links
The following documents require a simple free registration to access.


text:
This weekend the ReignDesign team are helping out at AppJamm, an exciting event where teams will concept, design and pitch a mobile app in 45 hours. I was asked to give the kickoff speech to inspire the teams into making something amazing!
At ReignDesign, we've had a lot of experience making apps for our clients, as well as our own apps and games. Here are eight things we've learned about making amazing apps, together with examples of apps that get it right.
First, do one thing well. In a smartphone app, you have the user's full attention. Help them accomplish something. Identify a pain point and solve it for the user in the simplest way you can. There's a temptation to stuff in as many features as you can into the first version of your app, to make it more attractive or sticky. But in practice, this doesn't work. Apps which fulfil a single task well will succeed better.
A good example of that is this Android app called ShopSavvy. It's really simple to use – imagine you're in a book store. You scan a barcode and the app will load information about the book: prices from online retailers and reviews, to help you make a better buying decision.
Second, focus on your audience. Who are your audience? What problems, pain points do they have? How much might they be willing to pay to solve the problem?
So, why did I pick this image to illustrate the slide? This is a Kenyan farmer. Kenyan farmers are a valid audience for an app, they have pain points that need solving. But I'm not a Kenyan farmer. And that makes it really hard for me to get into their mindset. So initially, think about problems that you encounter yourself – would you use this app? Do you have access to the audience you are targeting for testing?
Here's a great example of an app which understands its audience. IA Writer is an iPad app which is targeted as people who need to write – journalists, authors. They want a distraction free environment. So IA Writer has been designed with these people in mind. The user interface is really stripped back to the essentials. But they've included tools that writers will find useful, like a word count.
Next, think about spontaneous use. Most smartphone sessions are very short. The user wants to get in, do a task, get out. Here's a classic example. A commuter waiting for a train – and she's pulled out her phone for a few seconds or minutes. You need to account for this behaviour. Make your app start really fast. And focus on the most important information on the first screen.
Don't forget that most people spend most of their time on other people's apps. So don't break their expectations with your app. If your navigation system is totally different to the way most apps work, people will get confused and leave.
A great example of this is the Tripit app for iPhone. Tripit lets you store your travel itineraries in one place.
Last week I was catching a flight to Singapore and I knew I was running a little late. I pulled up Tripit on my phone, and on the first screen it gave me all the information I needed to know: the flight number, and how long until it departed. I didn't have to go hunting through menus to find it: the app was smart enough to give me the information I needed.
The latest smartphones are packed with sensors. That lets us answer important questions like:
- – what time is it (clock)?
- – where am I (GPS/Wifi location)
- – which way is my device oriented, which way am I facing, am I moving (accelerometer, gyroscope, compass)
- – what can i see (camera)
- – what can i hear (microphone)
Think about interesting ways you can use all these sensors. And what makes these sensors much more exciting is when you mash it up with data from other sources. For example, with a time and a location you can pull up weather information, or nearby points of interest.
An app called Nearest Tube uses the iPhone's camera and sensors to create an "augmented reality" view of the world. You can move your phone around and see the location of the nearest metro stations shown on your iPhone screen. And imagine mashing this up with live data: if there are delays on a line, or a station is closed, this can be shown right on the display.
Before smartphones and tablets became mainstream, most of the ways we interacted with our computers and phones were indirect: mouse, keyboard, buttons, stylus. But now the primary interaction model is touch. We can use our fingers to directly act on content. Drag things around. Stretch and squish them. Most people find the touch model much more intuitive. If its appropriate, try to model real world objects in your app.
Apple's app GarageBand is a great example of this. It lets you play all sorts of virtual instrument – like a guitar. And notice the way as the user's finger plucks the string, the string actually moves and warps. That's providing instant feedback that the user's gesture is working. If you can provide that combination of direct touch manipulation and instant feedback, you can create a magical and intuitive user experience.
Your first version of an idea may be flawed. That's OK. Any great app idea has to go through a process of iteration and testing. It's vital to get early and frequent feedback. So while you're working on your app idea, be sure to get input from other people. Show them sketches, see how they would interact with your idea. Test names and ideas. The process of iteration needs to happen both before launch (the concept phase) and after launch, via listening to customers, and providing app updates.
One of our own apps, Pig Rush, was launched a couple of years ago. We thought we'd made a pretty cute and fun game. We contacted all the big review sites, told our families and friends, posted the news on Facebook and Twitter, and excitedly waited to see our first day's sales report. We made $6. Only six people had bought our app. And the second day was even worse!
What was the problem? We knew the game was fun. So, we went back and did more testing. We listened to the feedback of the people who'd bought the app. We tweaked the controls, added highscores, created new themes. We tried changing the price. We launched new versions to the app store. Still, it took 4 months of iteration before we started making more than $10 a day. But it was worth it: we ended up with a much better game, and Pig Rush has now been downloaded over 3 million times on iOS and Android.
Developing an app is tough! But there are lots of ways to take shortcuts. You can learn many insights before you ever write a single line of code. Create simple mockups and prototypes, with tools like Balsamiq and Graffletopia are great for making concept mockups. Low-fidelity is great. A simple pen and paper sketch can help you explain a concept. If it doesn't work, throw it away.
And "faking" can even be part of a real product.
This is Aardvark. As a startup, they prototyped lots of ideas about how to connect people who have questions, to the right experts in their social graph who could answer them.
They gave the simple prototypes to a bunch of people and saw how the interacted with them. But initially, there wasn't any real backend to the service to match askers and answerers. Instead a bunch of humans would answer questions and assign them. It worked well enough to prove that one concept resonated with users, and then they could get the funding to develop the backend for real. And eventually Aaardvark were acquired by Google for $50 million.
Finally, do something worthwhile. Apps are a very competitive industry. Most ideas fail – and if you're going to fail, do something worth failing for.
Alexis Madrigal recently wrote in the Atlantic:
Get four college kids in a room, fuel them with pizza, and see what thing they can crank out that their friends might like. Yay! Great! But you know what? They keep tossing out products that look pretty much like what you'd get if you took a homogenous group of young guys in any other endeavor: Cheap, fun, and about as worldchanging as creating a new variation on beer pong.
This weekend at AppJamm you have access to some amazing people to create ideas with. So, think beyond a better version of beer pong, and think about our theme: what you can do to help the "Global Good"?
This app called SpillMap was created after the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. It allowed people to "crowdsource" their photos, and pinpoint the locations of places where they found oil on beaches, or wildlife that had been affected. The overview helped get the attention of local politicians and direct cleanup efforts.
A final thought. 43 years ago humans sent man to the moon. The smartphone in your pocket today is thousands of times more powerful than the computers that NASA used to control the mission.
So – think big. Do a global good. And have fun at AppJamm!


text:
I think their favorite project was when we sewed fleece pillowcases. The whole group (K-5th graders) all got into the project. Sometimes it was a chore to get all the students to sit down and work on that day's project, but this was an exception.
"The best handicrafts for children under nine seem to be caning chairs, carton work, making baskets, weaving small rugs, Japanese curtains [?], carving cork, sewing pretty samplers, easy needlework, knitting with big needles and coarse threads, etc.
The important things to keep in mind about children's crafts are that:
a. they shouldn't waste their time making useless things like paper mats, or models constructed from softened peas and toothpicks.
b. they should receive patient, thorough instruction so they know how to do the craft correctly.
c. sloppy work should not be allowed.
d. they should be given work well within the ability of their age range so that they are able to do it well and not sloppily."
Charlotte Mason in Modern English Page 315-6
I really appreciate point a. Children don't want to make something useless. The want to learn how to sew, knit, garden, scrapbook, etc. They want to learn the skills they see us adults using.
The difficulty with teaching the children real handicrafts, and what seems to deter most parents I think is point b. It takes "patient and thorough instruction" on the parent's part. Yes, it may take more time and attention to teach a child to knit instead of having them color in a coloring book, but remember the idea is to teach a life skill. That is Charlotte Mason's whole idea behind teaching children handicrafts- teaching them life skills.
When I was probably 10 or 11, my parents bought me a sewing machine. I attended classes at the sewing shop and joined the home school sewing club. Today I sew gifts, sell crafts online and even attempt to sew clothes occasionally. What a great skill, that I never would have developed without the encouragement as a child. It is hard to explain how relaxing and satisfying it is for me when I am immersed in a project. That is something worth sharing with our children.
I think what I like the best about this idea is that parents can share whatever craft and skill they enjoy. Do you like to garden? Help your child plan, plant, and tend to his or her own little plot of land. Maybe he can just have a pot on the deck of his own to care for to start with. Do you knit? Teach your child to knit a simple scarf. Do you love photography? Share that passion with your child. It might even motivate you to get back to your favorite handicrafts. We all need that time.


text:
The new coaster at Six Flags Great Adventure. It's the highest and fastest coaster in the world right now.
by the jahames May 31, 2005
The worlds tallest and fastest coaster in the universe. It is hydrolically launched with an engine with 4, 500 horsepower engines, and a huge wench that a catch car is attatched to, that hurls the ride down the track. It reaches speeds of up to 128 miles per hour and heights of 456 feet. The braking on Kingda Ka, has no friction and no contact with the ride. It is done with edi-current brakes. Kingda Ka is located at Six Flags: Great Adventure, Jacksonville, New Jersey. Kingda Ka has a 45 degree twist on the way up and a 425 degree turn going downwards, which the ride again screams past the 100 mile per hour mark. A legend in the amusement industry, and will be remembered forever.
by Somedude1858 April 20, 2006
The most motherfucking terrifing awesome ride in the universe. Make you shit bricks afterwords. Makes Top Thrill Dragster look like a cut off penis. And for all dueches who think they stole TTD design ITS MADE BY THE SAME PEOPLE!!!!!
Charlie: Hey Steve did you like riding Kingda-Ka?
Me: Dude I think the pure awesomeness of KINGDA-KA just killed him.
Me: Dude I think the pure awesomeness of KINGDA-KA just killed him.
by KINGDA KA NIGGERS November 12, 2009
Male Friend: what did you do last night?
Other Male: Nothing really, but boy when she walked by i got the biggest King da Ka EVER!!
Other Male: Nothing really, but boy when she walked by i got the biggest King da Ka EVER!!
by melly jelly belly July 17, 2009
Loacted in 'Six Flags Great Adventure', 'kingda ka' is the worlds fastest & tallest giga coaster. It Accelerates up to 128mph in only 3.5 seconds & shoots up vertically up to 456ft. Riders are then vertically spiral back down 418ft & into a camel back, where the brakes are applied.
by Rob Treacy August 29, 2005
A heaping mass of steel in Jackson, New Jersey. The rat bastards in Jackson decided to steal the exact same design of Top Thrill Dragster and add a hill onto the end of it. *Note: Kingda Ka ate it's own propulsion system, brake fins, etc. during June of it's opening season!
Trevor: Hey dude, you want to go to New Jersey and ride Kingda Ka?
Me: Dude, I don't ride rides made by rat bastards that copy from the greatest amusement park on earth.
Me: Dude, I don't ride rides made by rat bastards that copy from the greatest amusement park on earth.
by jorkonjorkon March 06, 2006
A new, over-rated roller coaster found at Six Flags Great Adventure in New Jersey. People think it's better than Top Thrill Dragster at Cedar Point just because it is a litte faster and taller and has an "Air-Time Hill" as well that produces no Air-time.
n00b - Kingda Ka is AWESOME! So much better than Top Thrill Dragster.
Me - STFU, You loose at life *Shoots n00b in face with a gun*
Me - STFU, You loose at life *Shoots n00b in face with a gun*
by OMGWTFLOZL April 04, 2006
Trending RN - March 21, 2019
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text:
Milestonez1 needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 59 designs submitted by 17 freelance designers.
Help us create a logo that will be exposed to many different people around the world.
Edge of the Map Records LLC
A hip new logo for our independent record label based out of San Francisco Ca.
- Item 1.... We seek a simple design that will consist of an all black map of USA with no state lines , a green california state with a silver push-pin directly on San Francisco California. Or unique looking globe with no continental lines with the push-pin directly on San Francisco California. Words reading Edge of the Map Records LLC somewhere in/on the logo.
- Item 1... no state lines on the map or globe.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


text:
So much for the mistaken notion that the Ravens did not have a Plan B.
Barely a day after they were left at the altar by Dallas Cowboys offensive coordinator Jason Garrett, the Ravens announced the hiring of Philadelphia Eagles secondary coach John Harbaugh to replace Brian Billick as head coach.
Apparently, owner Steve Bisciotti's gut has a second gear.
He didn't hesitate when that gut told him to fire Billick on New Year's Eve. He didn't dither when it told him to offer the job to Garrett on Tuesday, though Garrett's gut apparently told him to stay in Dallas and become the highest-paid assistant coach in the history of the NFL. And Bisciotti didn't hesitate this time after spending yesterday with the affable Harbaugh, who becomes only the third coach in club history.
Harbaugh agreed to terms about 5:30 p.m., so maybe Bisciotti's gut also told him the search was threatening to hold up dinner. (But then, maybe I'm the only one who makes decisions that way.)
In the end, he went outside the box and took a chance on a coach who had not yet climbed to the coordinator level, but that shouldn't come as a great surprise if you were listening when the owner explained himself Dec. 31. He said he would be looking for "the next Hall of Fame coach," which was widely interpreted as a preference for an up-and-coming coaching prospect instead of a seemingly safer option such as Marty Schottenheimer.
Garrett certainly fit that description and Bisciotti obviously felt he was the best man for the job, which left the search committee open to speculation that it had put too much emphasis on the team's first choice.
In some circles, there was even the notion that the Ravens had been "used" by Garrett to leverage his position with the Cowboys.
The funny thing is, both notions might bear some truth, but that is not proof of a flaw in the Ravens' decision-making apparatus. The NFL is all about the "next man up," and Harbaugh was identified as that guy before Garrett turned down the job, so it wasn't as if the front office got caught in some kind of administrative vacuum and had to settle for a second-tier coach.
It's possible that Harbaugh was the best choice all along. It's a process that can only be judged in hindsight anyway.
There was no shame in focusing on the No. 1 candidate in their search and making a strong play for him as soon as he was available. Garrett was the guy just about everyone in the NFL viewed as the top up-and-comer in the game. Perhaps the Ravens miscalculated his interest in Baltimore, but you can't blame the Ravens for not knowing something that wasn't knowable.
They knew Garrett was being pursued by the Atlanta Falcons and would likely get a big counteroffer from Cowboys owner Jerry Jones. If they had decided to go after someone else because of the possibility Garrett would not accept the job, that - not the eventual outcome - would have been a sign of organizational weakness.
Bisciotti made his best play and, failing that, quickly moved ahead. Garrett also made his play, and only he knows if he was sincerely seeking the Ravens job when he arrived here for his second interview. I'm pretty sure Harbaugh doesn't care, though it's always nicer to be the first one invited to the prom.
The idea that Bisciotti was so focused on Plan A and didn't see this coming is a little ridiculous. It wasn't that complicated, and even if it were, Bisciotti is not a rookie corporate executive. He is an aggressive guy who played his hand all the way to the river. If you lose, and you've still got chips, you forget about it and look at new cards.
He acknowledged at the outset that he depends a lot on his instincts, which have served him very well during the whole of his professional life. I think that's preferable to the rumors (now debunked) of a more Machiavellian approach that allegedly included a clandestine golf outing with former Pittsburgh Steelers coach Bill Cowher while Billick was still in place.
It would have been great if the Ravens could have wrapped up their coaching search earlier, but that's why they call it a search, because you have to find the right guy. Bisciotti originally thought that was Garrett, but found out quickly that it would have to be somebody else.
There is no perfect system for choosing a coach, and there are no sure things. The Ravens might someday look back at Garrett's decision as the best thing that ever happened to the organization. That depends on how well the search committee has done its job and whether Bisciotti's gut is still giving him good advice.
Listen to Peter Schmuck on WBAL (1090 AM) at noon most Saturdays and Sundays.


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Replica Scuderia Ferrari 2018 microfiber sweatshirt
The new 2018 Replica microfiber sweatshirt is inspired by the technical clothing worn by the Scuderia Ferrari team.
Made from breathable technical fabric that ensures an excellent fit and maximum comfort in every situation, the new Scuderia Ferrari sweatshirt is a practical and versatile wardrobe addition. Decorated with the distinctive logos of Scuderia Ferrari, Puma and the technical sponsors of the legendary Formula 1 team, the 2018 Replica microfiber sweatshirt is an essential garment to recreate the thrill of the racetrack in everyday life. It features a high neck, central opening and ribbed cuffs and bottom hem.
- Mandarin collar with zipper
- Composition: 68% Cotton, 32% Polyester
We offer both Standard and Express shipping: choose the service that best meets your needs at checkout.
We provide an easy return service: just ship your items back to us with a shipping service of your choice within 30 days of delivery.


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LBSCR tank engines
This gallery contains images of London Brighton & South Coast Railway tank engines from the design tenures of Stroudley, Billinton father an son, as well as, of course, Marsh. Of particular interest are shots of the J1 4-6-2T No. 325 in photographic grey, many locos photographed at West Croydon shed and at least one taken at Coulsdon engine shed. Lest it should be forgotten, there's at least one cracking shot of an 'L' at East Croydon.Read More
I'm always on the qui vive for more material to augment this part of my collection.
Please contact me via the Add comment button at the bottom of the image page if you have anything available.


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Dallas mixed-use development to offer scenic living, retail options
Construction began recently on the first phase of Lake Highlands Town Center, a mixed-use development in northeast Dallas. Co-developed by Prescott Realty Group and Cypress Real Estate Advisors, the development will consist of 200 living units and 7,450 sf of retail space. The first phase of construction will result in one-, two-, and three-bedroom units ranging in size from 505 to 1,250 sf, as well as a clubhouse, fitness center, resort pool, and outdoor dining area with views of the center's lake and 20-acre park. Also on the Building Team: BGO Architects and general contractor VCC Construction.
Educational facility planned for nation's third-largest Air Force base
Work began this summer in California on Vandenberg Air Force Base's newest addition, a 38,000-sf educational facility. KMA Architecture & Engineering led the design of the two-story education center in partnership with general contractor Teehee Straub. The building will serve more than 1,360 personnel daily with administrative spaces, an 80-seat auditorium, classrooms, distance learning rooms, training rooms, and testing rooms. The design-build team will pursue LEED Silver certification. Other Building Team members: SMR (structural engineer); CTR (civil engineer); Sparling (electrical); RPA (landscape design); Young + Co. (interiors consultant); and Veltre Engineering (fire, life, and safety engineer).
One World Trade Center renderings illustrate recent design modifications
The Durst Organization and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, joint developers of One World Trade Center, have released updated renderings of the 1,776-foot-tall structure, currently under construction in Lower Manhattan. Designed by David Childs of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, the tower will be the tallest in the Western Hemisphere upon completion in 2014. Publishing giant Condé Nast will occupy 1.2 million sf on 25 floors; Vantone China Center and the U.S. General Services Administration will also be tenants. LEED Gold certification is being targeted, with highly filtered air and access to natural light through floor-to-ceiling glass windows.
Chicago high school will integrate academics with soccer
Wight & Company broke ground on UNO Soccer Academy High School in Chicago in July. When completed, it will be the first public high school in Illinois that combines an academic curriculum with the sport of soccer. The three-story, 78,000-sf charter school is being constructed just a few hundred feet from the UNO Soccer Academy Elementary School and will be home to 960 high school students. A soccer field will reside on the northernmost 4.71-acre subparcel of the property. Anticipated completion: fall 2013. Others on the Building Team: Primera Engineering (MEP engineering); Terra Engineering (civil engineering); Pioneer (geotechnical and environment engineering); and Site Design (landscape architecture). +


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Harness your curiosity, find your own journey, and gain a richer understanding of yourself, others, and the world.
Our experts keep you safe and informed, before, during and after you travel. We can help you navigate the risks, and are there to support you when things go wrong.
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Make a difference to those communities in need in a simple, easy and transparent way when you travel.How it works
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Our Travel Guides and articles will inspire you to research, plan, and execute unforgettable adventures.
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Our expert-led masterclasses will help you advance your passion while you travel
Create meaningful travel stories, with help and advice from professionals and mentors, on real assignments.
We sell travel insurance to travellers from 140 different countries.


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Hung Tan Nguyen fled Vietnam in April 30th, 1975, having served in the South Vietnamese Navy. He, his wife and children, and some of his wife's relatives have established themselves in the United States. In this book we see Vietnam through Hung's experiences as he develops into an adult, and then through his struggles to succeed in his second homeland. Here are revealed the tenderness and toughness of child and adult, the resiliency of youth, the ever renewing dreams and persistence of humans in desperate circumstances. Throughout, there are touches of humor, and always a clear-eyed reality.
The volume will be of particular interest to those thousands of Americans who helped Vietnamese refugees gain a foothold in the U.S.. For them it is a rare opportunity to "See ourselves as others see us." It will be a valuable history to other refugees, and even more precious to their thoroughly American descendents.
Mr. Nguyen previously has published both poetry and prose in his native language; this is his first professional venture into American English. Those twists of grammar and unfamiliar idioms that mark him as a "foreigner" enrich the writing by novel imagery and originality. The story itself reawakens poignant memories -- cuts into the mind and heart all the more sharply for being true.
Sylvester Clifford
Vermillion, S.D.
Refugee Resettlement Committee


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Benjamin McCarty and Rachel Dawson
Posted by mikegen48 on May 24, 2007
Benjamin McCarty was born about 1826 in Louisiana. He died on 26 Apr 1907 in Texas.
Benjamin married Rachel Dawson in 1850 in Lafayette Parish, Louisiana. Rachel was born in 1827 in Lafayette Parish, Louisiana. She died in 1868 in Texas.
They had the following children:
Benjamin Maddox McCarty was born on 22 Mar 1853 in Louisiana. He died in 1854 in East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana.
Michael Jesse McCarty was born on 1 Jan 1857 in East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana. He died in 1921 in Arkansas.
Theodore Madden McCarty was born about 1860 in East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana. He died in 1912 in Missouri.
Julia Ruth McCarty was born in 1864 in Louisiana. She died on 3 Mar 1926 in Wise County, Texas.
Clara McCarty was born during 1866 in Louisiana. She died on 4 Aug 1938 in Bossier Parish, Louisiana.


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Microsoft/MSN/Live11 Jan 2009
Windows 7 Beta, 34-bit/64-Bit, Direct Download ISO Links
Windows 7 is creating the fuzz and the microsoft servers are not having a nice time. So here's a working downloads 34-bit and 64-bit version of Windows 7. ISO image of Windows 7 Beta (build 7000.0.081212).
Windows 7 Beta Direct Download Links
Windows 7 Beta (x86) Direct Link: 7000.0.081212-1400_client_en-us_Ultimate-GB1CULFRE_EN_DVD.ISO
Windows 7 Beta (x64) Direct Link: 7000.0.081212-1400_client_en-us_Ultimate-GB1CULXFRE_EN_DVD.ISO


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Photo by James Marcotte
James Marcotte of Highland Park took the photo above at about 3 p.m. today as a storm brought light rain and rainbows to the area.
* Update: Photographer Paul Antico caught sight of a double rainbow from Mt. Washington. Click on the link below to see the picture.
Photo by Paul Antico


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Unorthodox Phrases vs Illusion-Z Rap Battle [Grind Time West]
Drect reports "One of the main events from Battle of The Bay 3. Its fire!!! "
Please click the "Report" button below if the video on this page is not working properly.
Comments will only be displayed by verified emails. No Spamming or Racism.


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Simbaz needed a new stationery design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 80 designs submitted by 18 freelance designers.
Build a stationery and a Corporate Identity expressive of high technology and solidity company.
You can find logo on: http://99designs.com/contests/18292
Read the brief before!
Hello to all designers,we have used this system to find a new logo and it has worked perfectly. Now we need to build stationery, business card, a document wallet (folder) and find a font to use in all communications.
You can find our logo here:
in special:
*.AI file at:
It could be good to find a pattern (such a motiv or a theme) to use it as recall in all our communications (website, business card, brochures, ect...).
We need a new identity, that allow us to make difference on the market, to distinguish fromother competitors.The name of the company "Ne.Tec"is shortness abbreviation of New Technology, and we are operating in the newtechnologies applied to care of environment and in all new products. Ourcustomers are e.g. petrol companies. Our actual color brand is red and blue,but we can change.
We need also to use fax or black and white communications, so the logo you see in the other contest must be not in 3d.
- the name of company is"Ne.Tec" ("Ne -dot- tec")
- - use the logo you can see in the other contest
- - we can use ne-tec and new thechnology together
- - a font to use in all communications
- - innovative look
- - sense of strength, solid
- - synonymous of new things,future and new tech
- - clear and easy to see
- - different, never seen
- - maybe 3d style (where u can use it) with shades,undertones, nuance
- - usable in white and blackfor fax paper.
- - usable both with more colors orw/b
- Item 1...
Something too much heavy


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Legal Insights
Thought leaders from around the world contribute their perspectives on landmark cases, new legislation, and legal perspectives on new technologies, business practices, and civil procedure.
Featured Articles
When Purchasing Property, Take Note Of What You See
Robert M. Steeg
A recent case in the Louisiana Court of Appeal highlights an area of law anyone in real estate needs to know.
Alicia Lloreda on the Increasing Complexity of IP Law
Best Lawyers
The Lloreda Camacho & Co. attorney discusses the firm's 2019 "Law Firm of the Year" award for Intellectual Property Law.
Proposed Changes to the MCAD's Procedural Regulations
Brian J. MacDonough
The Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination's new regulations offer a substantial overhaul from the past system.
The Growing Need for Expert Witnesses Across All Kinds of Litigation
Erin Quinn-Kong
More lawsuits mean more opportunities for expert witnesses in all industries and specialties.
Owning Bitcoin May Complicate Your Estate Plan and Income Taxes
Anthony J. Enea
Your cryptocurrency assets could pose problems when it comes to your income and estate taxes.
How Dentons Russia Dominates the Global Market
Best Lawyers
Florian Schneider of 2019 "Law Firm of the Year" winner Dentons Russia discusses his career accomplishments.
DOL Proposes New Overtime Rule and Salary Threshold for Exemption
Megan Erickson Moritz
The Department of Labor is proposing a hike to the salary threshold requirement for exempted employees.
How the Political Crisis in Venezuela Could Impact Florida Real Estate
Roy D. Oppenheim
Civil unrest in Venezuela could have repercussions in South Florida, where many Venezuelans currently live.
Changing Terrain in Colorado Ski Law
Chalat Hatten & Banker
Ski area operators and skiers should heed new developments to the Ski Safety Act and the Premises Liability Act.
How Preventative Counsel Is Changing Criminal Defense
Best Lawyers
Ayala Gómez discusses Oliva-Ayala's 2019 "Law Firm of the Year" award for criminal defense law in Spain.
Why Law Firms are Embracing Sustainable Development Goals
Best Lawyers
Uria Menendez Abogados is committing itself to Spain's progressive environmental policies.
Good News for the Spanish Inheritance and Gift Tax
Mariano Roca López
Changes made by the Spanish Supreme Court could mean enhanced tax benefits to citizens.
Small Case, Important Principles For Written Agreements
Robert M. Steeg
The Louisiana state Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit's recent ruling could spell big things for written arguments in the future.
How AEQUO Is Embracing Legal Tech
Best Lawyers
Anna Babych discusses AEQUO's 2019 Ukranian "Law Firm of the Year" award in Mergers & Acquisitions Law with Best Lawyers.
Factors to Consider When Naming a Health Care Agent
Anthony J. Enea
A health care agent can make medical decisions for you and see that your end of life wishes are respected.
What New York's Child Victims Act Means for Public Schools
Anastasia M. McCarthy
The new Child Victims Act is expected to have a profound and long-lasting impact on public school systems.
What the Seller-Friendly Market Means for Private Equity
Best Lawyers
JP Bogden and Kurt Sarno of 2019 Canadian "Law Firm of the Year" award-winner Blakes discuss trends in the private equity sector.
Can Your Option to Purchase Get Lost in a Franchise Agreement?
Benjamin Caddaye, Law Clerk and Alicia Hill
With the changing of a contract in a franchise agreement, certain rights you thought you were entitled to might get lost in translation.
4 Legal New Years Resolutions You Can Actually Keep
Anthony J. Enea
New Years resolutions don't always work, but these four reasonable suggestions will serve you well for many more years to come.
Staying Competitive in Competitions and Antitrust Law
Best Lawyers
Igor Svechkar of Asters talks with Best lawyers about his firm's 2019 Antitrust "Law Firm of the Year" award for Ukraine.
Fair Enough: The "Fair Use" Defense to Trademark Infringement
Maria Crimi Speth & Aaron K. Haar
There are two arguments for fair use in a trademark infringement case. Here's your guide to understanding both.
The 5 W's of Bankruptcy Communications
Eden Gillott
You might be an expert on bankruptcy, but communicating its practical realities to clients can get complicated.
Here Are Gide's Predictions on the Biggest Trends in Real Estate
Best Lawyers
Winner of the 2019 "Law Firm of the Year" award for Real Estate Law in France, Hugues Moreau of Gide talks global capital and market changes.
4 Ways to Engage Your Client on Their Terms
Scott Distasio
Upping your customer service skills could boost business, propel your career, and help you retain top clients.
Should You Opt for a Career Expert Witness or a First Timer?
Erin Quinn-Kong
There are reasons to hire an expert with 30-plus years of experience, but don't underestimate the skills of a first timer.
Davies Points to "Groupthink" as Contributor to Industry Stagnation
Best Lawyers
The 2019 Canaidan "Law Firm of the Year" honoree for Competitions/Antitrust Law shares the keys to their success.
Unpacking the 2019 Spanish General State Budget
Mariano Roca López
A union between two left-wing parties in Spain has led to a new budget agreement that could raise personal and corporate income taxes.
How You Can Avoid a Civil Suit (And Why You Want To)
Ryan B. Bormaster
You don't need to go to court to handle a civil suit. Find out your alternative options.


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|Per Km
|₹ 10/-
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|300 Km
|300 Km
|Driver Bata
|₹ 250/- 6am to 10pm
(After 10pm extra)
Welcome to Bengaluru City Taxi Service :
Book a Cab with one among the experienced cab service provider. Bangalore City taxi is the one of the competent name in the Bengaluru International Airport taxi Service agencies in the City. We offer 24 hours city taxi service as well as all type of tourist cabs with and without A/C. BCT Provide various type of call taxi in for personal and commercial use.
Bangalore City Taxi Cares for you...
You need not have worries about traffic congestion or parking, on your way to read your business documents or News papers or on important matters focus or arrive at your destination on time. BCT have very flexible transport services,Best Cab service in the city with Low cost travels in Bangalore, including hour based cab services and distance based requirements. With neatly dressed, well educated locally very known drivers are at your service with pre planned appointments.


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Results 1 to 10 of 13
#1 I blocked Faux News on my hotel room's TV
- Join Date
- May 2008
- Location
- midwest
- Posts
- 6,950
linkLVdem (392 posts)
I blocked Faux News on my hotel room's TV
Ok, it's not much and the hotel is in Springdale, UT next to Zion National Park (an outpost of Blue in a really, really Red state), but I feel better having saved the next occupant from the Rightwing drivel.
I don't know why I haven't been doing this before...
4. I put the parent lock on the big screen tv at our Eagles Lodge.
I was left alone with the remote just long enough to do it. It caused a little bit of a stink too. We bought that from a local independant aplliance place and eventually their tech fixed it. I never asked just how, that would give away it being me that did it maybe. Either he replaced the chip or got their tech support to override the PW. It was funny though. The half-wits were without FOX "News" for at least a month. That is mostly the old day time drunks that are into it. Later on it's all sports or the music is cranked up.MineralMan
10. If you use Parental Controls on a TV like that,
Set the passcode to a jumble even you won't remember.jimlup
11. Good idea... I wish I had thought of that!
We should start doing it to every TV in every hotel room we stay in.progressiveinaction
13. What about this idea?
Since you have the freedom not to watch...
1) Don't turn the channel to Faux.
2) Let the rest of the guests who stay in that room after you have access to any channel they want?
They sound like a bunch of kids, unintelligent kids. It's the type of things dems do, like the stupid, petulant tricks Clinton's bunch pulled when W moved into the White House. I don't think that they make their mothers proud, unless they have really stupid mothers,
" To the world you are just one more person, but to a rescued pet, you are the world."
"A Nation of Sheep Breeds a Government of Wolves!"
- Join Date
- Jul 2009
- Posts
- 3,513
Apparently, they're too stupid to realize that those things automatically reset back to the default the moment you check out of the room.
You didn't "spare the next occupant" of anything, moonbat. FNC came right back into the lineup the minute you checked out and didn't pay your bill for the gay porn you ordered.Olde-style, states' rights conservative. Ask if this concept confuses you.
Their obsession with FNC is amusing.
That last post shut the thread down it seems.In most sports, cold-cocking an opposing player repeatedly in the face with a series of gigantic Slovakian uppercuts would get you a multi-game suspension without pay.
In hockey, it means you have to sit in the penalty box for five minutes.
- Join Date
- Mar 2010
- Posts
- 10,189
I've never understood this, regardless who does this sort of thing. Common sense dictates that if one is opposed then one should listen to the opposition as a function of preparedness for debate and so you can make battlefield converts in gas stations and workplace interactions.While you were hanging yourself , on someone else's words
Dying to believe in what you heard
I was staring straight into the shining sun
10-23-2012, 11:09 AMIn most sports, cold-cocking an opposing player repeatedly in the face with a series of gigantic Slovakian uppercuts would get you a multi-game suspension without pay.
In hockey, it means you have to sit in the penalty box for five minutes.
- Join Date
- Apr 2012
- Posts
- 636
Remember it's only freedom of choice if there's an unborn baby involved.
|« Previous Thread | Next Thread »


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Innovative solutions for video editing, motion graphics, and post production.
The standard professional version of Smart Skinner. Imagine doing 110+ hours of rigging and skinning in just 1 hour. With the new Smart Skinner from BZP Pro, this is a reality. Created by authorized AutoDesk developers led by Brent Zorich, formerly of ILM, Lucasfilm and EA - Smart Skinner changes the way organizations approach development and scheduling.
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Battlefield 4 Video: Beta Overview
If you're interested in trying out the Battlefield 4 Beta, here's a handy video that serves as a primer.
Whether you're a long-time Battlefield vet or you're just getting your feet wet in the exciting world of destructible environments and squad-based tactical combat, there's something new for everyone to learn in the video.
The overview above gives you info on the Beta and informs you that you'll be able to participate in two game modes on the Siege of Shanghai map. You'll either be on the American or Chinese team, tasked with pushing out the opposing team by any means necessary.
The two modes explored in the Beta are Conquest and Domination. Conquest entails capturing points on the map on foot or by utilizing any of the many land, air and sea vehicles available in the game. Is running around on the ground too boring for you? Then take to the skies in a chopper! Would you rather have stability with great firepower? Then hop in a tank!
The video points out that the most valuable capture point is on the top floor of the tallest building on the map, the TV station. You can either swarm the top with your forces and take out the team that currently holds it -- or you can bring it down to the ground. Thanks to Levolution, you can aim all of your heavy fire at the foundation of the building to have it come crashing down.
Domination Mode is similar to Conquest, except that it's infantry-only and feels a little more like a King of the Hill game. If any team controls at least two capture points, the opposing team bleeds tickets. Tickets are like "lives" for your team. The team to run out of tickets first loses.
Check out the video above and get set for the Beta to begin on Oct. 4. If you're a Premium member, you should already have early access to the Beta. Battlefield 4 itself will be released on Oct. 29 on PC, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. The next-gen versions will launch with their respective consoles.


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DropBox for iPhone and iPad has just been updated to version 1.3 and you can get it now from the iTunes App Store. Like Apple's own iDisk, it lets you store files online and sync them locally as well. Unlike iDisk it's lightning fast, provides versioning (like Time Machine), and does a host of other great stuff as well. New features and fixes in 1.3 include:
- UI re-design with numerous visual enhancements including retina display support
- File caching (no need to re-download files you've already viewed!)
- Fullscreen landscape file viewing on iPad
- Finish uploads and downloads while in the background
- Create folders
- Bug fix for viewing CSV and some broken HTML files
The app is free, the service is free up to 2GB and then you can pay for 50GB and 100GB options. If you try out the new version, let us know what you think. Personally, I'm not digging the new UI yet, but I'll give it some time...
This post may contain affiliate links. See our disclosure policy for more details.


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You are currently viewing your event website in preview mode. Some features have been disabled to prevent accidental promotion.
Whindo charges a $0.99 convenience fee for each ticket sold. If it is a free ticket then no fees will apply. For more information on Whindo visit www.whindo.com
This event is a fully functional event and is intended for demonstration purposes only. It is not recommended that you purchase any tickets of value. You are encouraged to register for any FREE tickets, if available.
Your order has exceeded the allotted time for checking out. The tickets that were in your cart have been released.
Please select from the available tickets to continue.
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Otherwise, for your own event experience click the button below.
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Dallas News / SEARCH: 2037 Cottonwood Way San Antonio, TX 78253
- 3 beds
- 3.5 baths
- $392,863 price
- 1214053 mls id
- Half Baths: 1
- Square Feet: 2,799 sqft
- Neighborhood: Fronterra at Westpointe
Listing Description
No description available at this time.
- New Construction Yes
Subdivision: Fronterra at Westpointe
- Price Range $240.9K - $410.9K
- Sqft Range 1,740 - 3,136
- Subdivision StatusActive
Subdivision Description
Woodside Homes is proud to announce our newest neighborhood: Fronterra at Westpointe. This rapidly growing area in Northwest San Antonio, is home to entertainment complexes such as Sea World, Hyatt Regency Hill Country Golf Resort with easy access to Loop 1604 and Loop 410. Come visit with our Woodside Homes sales professional, John Zirkle today!
2037 Cottonwood Way San Antonio, TX
Dallas News Real Estate Powered by Placester


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Funding shortfall imperils anti-polio drive
London, June 20, 2012
An almost $1 billion shortfall in funding for the fight against polio is putting global efforts to eradicate the crippling viral disease in jeopardy, global health experts said on Wednesday.
In a report released 10 years after Europe was declared polio-free, the independent monitoring board of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) said there is now "a unique window of opportunity to stamp out polio for good" with global case numbers at their lowest levels since records began.
"But it will not happen if the programme remains so desperately under-financed," Liam Donaldson, the independent board's chairman, told reporters.
A disease that until the 1950s crippled thousands of people every year in rich nations, polio is a virus that attacks the nervous system and can cause irreversible paralysis within hours of infection.
It remains endemic in three countries - Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria - after India in January became the latest country to become polio-free, after going a full year without registering a new case.
Polio often spreads in areas with poor sanitation - a factor that has helped it keep a grip on those endemic countries for many decades - and children under five are the most vulnerable.
The disease can be halted, as it was in Europe, with comprehensive, population-wide vaccination programmes.
Donaldson said the global financial crisis coupled with growing needs for polio funding had led to a shortfall of $945 million out of a total 2012-13 eradication programme budget of $2 billion.
The shortfall would have a "real and immediate" impact, he said. Vaccination campaigns for 2012 would have to be cancelled in 33 countries, leaving 94 million children "exposed to the horrors of this disease".
"This is an extreme and unacceptable risk," Donaldson said. "These campaigns are not optional extras, they are totally essential. It could set this global endeavour back by many years and vastly increase the eventual cost of achieving eradication."
Hailing progress made by India, which has now had 16 straight months without a single case of polio, Donaldson said that country should serve as an example for critics who have long doubted polio can ever be wiped out.
"Sceptics have always said that India would be the (eradication) programme's downfall...that it simply could not be done," he said. "It's clear that those people were wrong."
Donaldson's report, entitled Every Missed Child, focuses on the need to reach children who repeatedly slip through the net during polio vaccination campaigns.
It said that in six countries where polio persists - the three endemic countries plus Angola, Chad and the Democratic Republic of Congo - there are 2.7 million children who have never received even a single dose of polio vaccine.
"These are the children that the world forgot, growing up with no protection from polio at a time when most of the world's parents have long forgotten what polio even is," Donaldson said.
The report said the polio virus is hiding out in a number of "sanctuaries" - specific areas in the worst-hit countries where too many children have been missed in vaccination campaigns and where the virus can multiply and prepare for a fresh attack.
Donaldson, speaking to reporters in a telephone briefing from London, said wealthy donor governments needed to be aware that the campaign to wipe out polio was "at a tipping point" and urged them not to miss the opportunity to end polio.
"If the funding gap isn't bridged, future generations will surely look back and wonder how this once-in-a-generation opportunity to destroy polio...was allowed to slip through our fingers," he said. – Reuters


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Hyder Naqvi needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 133 designs submitted by 24 freelance designers.
Need a logo designed for a Staffing and Technology services company. The company's name is A3 Solutions, Inc. We have not decided on colors, so feel free to be creative.
A3 Solutions, Inc.
Staffing company.
- Tagline - anytime, anyplace, anywhere..
- The A3 stands for "Alpha Apex Alliance", but this is not to be included in the logo. The tagline is what should be used.
- We dont want to isolate our ourselves into only staffing for technology industry, though thats our starting point. So, the logo should NOT reflect anything that is ONLY geared towards technology, but something that would be attractive to staffing in other industries also like Accounting, Engineering, Risk Management, Insurance, etc.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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AIR ~ Movement of the Day:
Day 75 of the 100 Day Challenge! Kettlebell Farmer's Carry Tabatas! Choose the appropriate weight for your training, and just start walking! Sounds simple enough (almost too simple), but trust us… you'll be feeling these tomorrow! [Click here for additional Workouts]
Chicken Sausage with Sliced Apples. A perfect breakfast or midday snack! This protein boost will give you the satisfying energy you're looking for! [Click here for additional Recipes]
SPARK ~ Thought of the Day:
Quote of the Day: Sleep is the golden chain that ties health and our bodies together. ~Thomas Dekker
Essential Element: In order to ensure maximal complete sleep cycles, humans thrive best when we follow the Circadian Rhythm that is coiled deep inside your DNA. Dictated by the light of the sun, this rhythm is a physiological set point that has promoted early to bed, early to rise, for millennia [click here to read Spark Insight: Restorative Sleep].
Journal: What was life like before the light-bulb? Clearly life by candle-light was a bit more romantic – but think about the rhythms created when the sun was our sole source of illumination. We woke with the sun; we went to bed when it went down; seasonal rhythms shifted in our bodies as they did with the earth. Things were in tune with each other – and hormones were happy. IN your journal, just consider what it would look like to tune your life to the sun's rhythms. What would you do with those sweet morning hours? What would you gain by going to bed when the sun did? [Click here for additional Journal exercises]