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" The thought of autonomy is of import even today. However, autonomy does non connote prosecuting a policy of autarchy. It does non intend cutting ourselves off from the universe. Autonomy in the modern universe implies the ability to prosecute one 's involvements with assurance and religion in one 's ain capablenesss. We do non hold to prosecute autonomy by making everything ourselves. We can, so, prosecute greater autonomy by making inter-relationships of inter-dependence that heighten our dickering power. Greater interaction with the universe can in fact heighten a state 's autonomy by making a web of reciprocally good inter-relationships. " – Dr Manmohan Singh
" Buy Indian and Make Indian is traveling to be the major constituent of our procurance policy. That will assist us to hold a strong defense mechanism industrial base in India. " -A.K. Antony, Defence Minister
1. The blooming Indian economic system is fast pacing into the twenty-first century with the potency of being an economic world power. Spurred by economic reforms and the impact of liberalization, denationalization and globalization, India, is genuinely on the brink of carving its ain niche in the universe.
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2. An economic world power must besides be a military super power, in footings of Military capableness and strength. There should besides be a reliable and dependable autochthonal defense mechanism industrial base. A state which is self reliant and independent in its military demands, and therefore, besides has entree to technologically advanced capableness can genuinely be termed as military world power. The constitution of a well developed defense mechanism industrial base is of primary importance to any emerging ace power. Focus should be on capableness development followed by numerical growing, non the other manner unit of ammunition. A clear apprehension and designation of the demands and demands of the armed forces and guaranting that the demands are met within the stipulated clip, in a cost effectual mode, should be the primary end of any defense mechanism industrial base and the determiner of its success.
India 's Defence Industrial Base. A Historical position
3. Pre Independence. The pre-independence defence-industrial substructure in India consisted of 18 Ordnance Factories ( OFs )[ 3 ], by and large providing to mend and pass every bit good as to supplement arms and equipment produced in Britain. During this period India was ne'er allowed to develop nucleus competences in industrial production.
4. Post Independence. Since independency the Indian leading aimed at achieving autonomy in full sphere of defense mechanism production and to accomplish this India 's industrial policies[ 4 ]emphasized 'core ' industries ( including defense mechanism sector ) to be taken attention of by the cardinal authorities and others by the provinces. As a consequence eight Defence Public Sector Units ( DPSUs ) under sole control of the authorities were devoted to production of different military systems and constituents. Defence Science Organisation ( DSO ) was established at that clip to take up challenges of set abouting R & A ; D activities. DRDO was formed in 1958 from the merger of the so already working developmental constitutions with the DSO. DRDO so comprised of 10 constitutions or research labs which has now grown into a web of over 50 research labs throughout India[ 5 ].
5. Post 1962 war License production, direct purchase and acquisitions remained the prevailing signifier of supply for the Indian defense mechanism forces. This resulted in a spread of about three decennaries in India 's attempt toward autochthonal production which was particularly apparent in the Fieldss of design and development, which constitutes the upper spectrum of self trust. A combatant aircraft between Marut and the Light Combat Aircraft ( LCA ) , a basic trainer aircraft between HT-2 and HPT- 32, an intermediate trainer between Kiran and an yet-to-be to the full developed Advanced Jet Trainer ( AJT ) are some of the illustrations that typify both the engineering and production spreads[ 6 ].
6. Tendencies in 1980s and 1990s. This was the period when Cold War came to an terminal and Global defense mechanism outgo rose to an all clip high in 1987 and so fell aggressively during the late eightiess and early 1990s. Besides, there was a rise in low strength struggles lawlessness, offenses and terrorist act was distributing manifold. This was besides the clip states were opening up their economic systems and the globalisation epoch commenced. This period was the starting point of major defense mechanism acquisitions from abroad coupled with major enterprises in autochthonal defense mechanism production, including R & A ; D activities. The license production of Jaguars and MiG- 27M was undertaken by HAL[ 7 ]. Besides autochthonal development of Light Combat Aircraft ( LCA ) , Advanced Light Helicopter ( ALH ) and Main Battle Tank ( MBT ) Arjun were speeded up by DRDO. Production of missiles developed under Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme ( IGMDP ) , through Bharat Dynamics Limited ( BDL ) commenced. Hence, during this period India had been able to originate a figure of undertakings for autochthonal development. However, fructification of these undertakings was accompanied by inordinate holds and technological spreads.
7. The pillar of armed forces was met through significant weaponries acquisition from abroad chiefly due to decelerate advancement in our autochthonal design and development activities as besides the inability to maintain gait with the planetary state-of-art engineerings in the defense mechanism industry. With the alteration in environment after atomic detonations by India and Pakistan and the Kargil struggle, the state had to give a re-look to its defense mechanism scheme including its aim of accomplishing autonomy in defense mechanism industry.
8. Defense mechanism Industry in twenty-first Century Soon after the liberalisation of the economic system, the defense mechanism industry started recognizing the importance of civil military interaction in the industrial sector to achieve 'near autonomy ' . Coupled with alterations at institutional and organisational degrees as recommended by the Group of Ministers Committee Report on 'Reforming the National Security System ' , is the most of import policy displacement in the defence-industrial sector leting 100 % private sector engagement and 26 % by Foreign Direct Investment ( FDI )[ 8 ]. Alliance of Indian Industries ( CII ) has been instrumental in act uponing such a pronounced alteration in policy. While these far-reaching institutional and policy-oriented alterations have been underway for rather some clip, the demand for private engagement has assumed significance in recent old ages.
Tendencies in Global Defence Industry
9. The planetary defense mechanism industry has undergone profound alterations in recent old ages. The monolithic armed forces physique up by many states during the Cold War epoch fuelled greater demand for military arms and systems. However, immediate station Cold War period witnessed the contrary tendency in demand for military arms and systems ensuing in decrease in budgetary allotment in the defense mechanism sector. This resulted in many smaller companies either to unify with large 1s or to switch their precedences towards civilian production, therefore go forthing the defense mechanism sector. Amalgamations and acquisitions during this period resulted in creative activity of a few elephantine companies like Boeing, Lockheed Martin, British Aerospace, Northrop Grumman, EADS and others. The military outgo once more witnessed upward tendency since 1999 and this is likely to go on in future[ 9 ]. As procurement budgets have started to swell once more and are likely to remain that manner, new chances are expected for the defense mechanism industry. In the altering struggle scenario, there has been an upward tendency in the LIC, insurgence, terrorist act, OOAC etc as a consequence of which the planetary defense mechanism industry after a period of important retrenchment and rationalisation has entered into a stage of renewed attending.
India 's Defence Industry.
10. Post Cold War epoch, the altering tendencies in the planetary defense mechanism industry had affected Indian defense mechanism industry in many ways. The epoch of economic liberalisation since 1991 has resulted in autochthonal build-up of technological base in the IT, communicating, electronics, car sectors etc. Since, all acquisitions in the past and till upto mid 90 's were either straight-out purchase or linked with license production, what best the DPSUs or the OFs could derive was expertness in production which was wholly dependent on the assemblies and Semi strike hard Down Kits ( SKD ) or sub assemblies imported from the Original equipment maker ( OEM ) . The existent engineering transportation aimed at heightening the autochthonal development was losing in all the trades covered under License Production and Transfer of Technology ( TOT ) . However, the most far making alteration that has impacted the India 's defense mechanism industrial sector is the opening up of this sector for private engagement. The aims are multiplex viz. , decrease of defense mechanism imports from current degrees of 70 per centum, addition in defense mechanism exports, heighten the autochthonal R & A ; D skill degree and substructure to bring forth technologically advanced province of the art equipment within the clip frames specified. Coupled with the economic liberalisation and opening up of the defense mechanism sector to private companies was linked the job of licensing and demand of foreign direct investing in the defense mechanism sector. In January 2001, the GOI initiated a series of major enterprises that included Foreign Direct Investment ( FDI ) up to about 26 per centum and full private engagement in certain sectors in the defense mechanism industry.
Shift from Self Sufficiency to Autonomy
11. Since independency the India 's industrial policies outlined in Industry Policy Resolution of 1948 and 1951 was aimed at accomplishing self sufficiency in defense mechanism production. Towards this the authorities invested to a great extent in scientific and technological establishments both educational-such as the IITs, and research and development institutes such as the CSIR, ICAR, DAE, DoS, ICMR, DRDO so as to develop a strong technological base. However, the state 's defense mechanism was neglected, as was apparent in 1962 war. With a weak Defence-Industrial Base ( DIB ) , the policies to maximise production in order to achieve autonomy in the defense mechanism sector although were considered farsighted, did non fit outlooks, therefore taking to switch of focal point from autonomy theoretical account to self trust theoretical account station 1962 war.
12. Autonomy in its true sense does non prevent accessing external beginnings for engineering and systems, or external aid in any phase of the production rhythm. Hence, autonomy every bit far as India was concerned, meant – apart from India 's ain production base for support – a grade of dependance on dependable foreign beginnings for entree to engineerings, supply of constituents and complete systems was desirable. These were materialized by run intoing pressing and immediate demands through imports form abroad while at the same time endeavoring for autochthonal capablenesss in defense mechanism production. Although India 's chief focal point on imports was from western states like UK, France, Sweden these states were loath in providing defense mechanism equipment to India station 1962 war with China. India 's quest for self trust got a major encouragement when Russia ( former USSR ) agreed to Licence production by India for assorted defense mechanism equipment acquired by India signifier Russia. These Licence production of aircraft, conflict armored combat vehicle, weaponries and ammo were undertaken by assorted DPSUs every bit good as OFs. However, the lone thing that lost its focal point in the deal was the transportation of engineering aimed at heightening autochthonal production and R & A ; D activities. The result of this is obvious, as witnessed in the LCA plan, MBT Arjun, aero engine Kaveri to call a few. In malice of holding produced aircraft, armored combat vehicles and aero engines under licence production the organisations involved in the production could barely absorb and foster the engineering needed to supplement our ain autochthonal attempts. Probably the focal point of these organisations was more towards production instead than indigenization.
Defence Industrial Policy
13. The defense mechanism industrial policy was aimed at set uping a strong and self sufficient defense mechanism industrial base ( DIB ) . The aim was to hold push in autochthonal production and researching possibilities of exports to other developing states that may look frontward to supplies from India.
14. In malice of being more focussed to numerical growing or production than on the capableness development ( R & A ; D ) , India has made rapid paces in defense mechanism engineering in recent yesteryear and reached a phase of some degree of autonomy. The bing potency of the state in defense mechanism production, in the signifier of resource capableness, know-how and proficient expertness, could non be exploited to its full due to miss of clear cut defense mechanism policy. However, since liberalisation of the economic system in 1991 there has been increased civil military interaction. The alterations in the defense mechanism production policy indicates the purpose to affect the private sector in defense mechanism R & A ; D and production through licensing and indirect gap of the defense mechanism industrial sector to foreign companies through FDI and the beginning agreement. Our defense mechanism industrial policy[ 10 ]since independency loosely consists of the followers: –
Maximization of autochthonal production.
Licence production of those equipments which are available and can be obtained from abroad.
Direct procurance of those equipments non covered above, but considered indispensable for guaranting the security.
Indigeneous Production
15. To advance autochthonal production 8 DPSUs and 40 OFs were established. Besides DRDO comprising of a web of 50 labs was formed to set about R & A ; D in the field of defense mechanism arms, systems and equipment.
Munition mills. At the terminal of the WW2 India 's defense mechanism industrial capacity amounted to 18 munition mills, a vesture constitution, and an aircraft production works ; and the new authorities later inherited this capableness. Post independency this continued boulder clay 1958 after which the munition mills were steadily expanded. The war against China in 1962 prompted a farther enlargement in India 's munition capableness and today the state has 39 munition mills. They were built to run into the turning demands of India 's armed forces over the past 60 years.The Indian Ordnance Factories Organisation ( OFO ) is presently the largest departmentally run industrial project in the state. The 39 OFs are authorities units bring forthing armaments under five classs[ 11 ]:
Ammunition and explosives
Vehicles and equipment
Armored vehicles and
Munition equipment ( other military supplies, including general shops ) .
Defence Public Sector Undertakings. The eight defense mechanism populace sector projects ( DPSUs ) are public-sector corporations managed by the Indian authorities. The defense mechanism PSUs produces a scope of defense mechanism equipment. They besides provide inspection and repair and care installations. They are:
Bharat Dynamics Ltd. BDLA was established in the twelvemonth 1970 to be a fabrication base for guided arm systems[ 12 ].A A
Bharat Earth Movers Ltd. BEML is one of the largest makers and providers of earthmoving, building and excavation equipment in Asia[ 13 ].A
Bharat Electronics Ltd. ( BEL ) was established in 1954 to run into the specialized electronic demands of the Indian defense mechanism services[ 14 ].
Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. HAL is a major participant in the planetary air power sphere. It has built up comprehensive accomplishments in design, industry and inspection and repair of combatants, trainers, choppers, conveyance aircraft, engines, avionics and system equipment[ 15 ].A
Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers Ltd. ( GRSE ) is one ofA India 's leadingA shipyards that physiques and mend a broad scope of vass fromA warshipsA for theA Indian NavyA toA merchandiser shippingA vass[ 16 ].
Goa Shipyard Ltd. GSL is a shipyard that is one of the most sophisticated ship builders in the Country. For over four decennaries, GSL has designed, built and commissioned a broad scope of sophisticated vass for varied applications in the defense mechanism and commercial sectors with particular expertness in edifice modern patrol vass of Steel and Aluminium hull construction[ 17 ].
Mazagon Dock Ltd. Mazagon Dock Limited is the India 's premier shipyard building war vessels every bit good as offshore platforms. It undertakes ship edifice, ship fixs and fiction of seaward constructions with installations situated at Mumbai and Nhava[ 18 ].
Mishra Dhatu Nigam Ltd. MIDHANI caters to domestic and international clients with modern metallurgical installations and high grade of proficient competency for fabricating its diverse merchandise mix of superalloys, Ti metals, particular intent steels, electrical opposition & A ; softmagnetic metals, molybedenum and other metals run intoing the stringent demands of the strategic sectors like defense mechanism, aerospace, power and general technology etc[ 19 ].A
Defence Research & A ; Development Organisation ( DRDO ) . India besides has a defense mechanism research and development ( R & A ; D ) capableness. Called DRDO. DRDO draws on the work of 51 laboratories/establishments across the state, and ( in theory at least ) has close links with the eight PSUs. It besides co-operates with 70 academic research establishments, 50 national scientific discipline and engineering Centres, and some companies in the private sector.
License Production
16. Post independency India 's quest for autonomy got a major encouragement through license production agreement with USSR. This vastly benefited defense mechanism industry as it improved many noteworthy arms systems from this experience. India 's autonomy theoretical account in defense mechanism production was thought to hold given a life rental by the Soviets. The normal premise is that production under licence would enable the state non merely to get the capableness to bring forth a peculiar equipment or merchandise but besides help it derive the proficient know-how for subsequent upgradation and farther technological inventions. For the last fifty-odd old ages, India has been bring forthing a figure of defense mechanism equipment under licence. Good illustrations in this respect are the Vijayanta armored combat vehicle and the MIG series of combatant aircraft[ 20 ]. But this does non look to hold helped in the development of the Arjun Main Battle Tank and the Light Combat Aircraft. Furthermore, India has non even been able to upgradeA certain combatant aircraft held and operated for a long clip by its armed forces.
Direct procurance
17. To run into the immediate demand of the armed forces, straight-out purchase of the systems/ equipment is resorted to. This may be from abroad or for autochthonal companies. The aim of the defense mechanism policy purposes at maximising autochthonal production ; what could non be produced indigenously should be produced under licence agreement ; and those that could non be obtained through these two paths should be acquired by direct purchase.
Emerging Defence Production Policies in 21st Centruy
Transparency in Defence Procurement
18. Since independency and about till late 90 's merely a choice few companies got the Request for Proposals ( RFPs ) with secretiveness being maintained in the procurance procedure. With the debut of Defence Procurement Procedure ( DPP ) the authorities has strengthened its committedness to transparence in the procurance procedure and to taking the " head covering of secretiveness " environing it. The instance in point is the procurance of MMRCA. The trades of recent times are unfastened trades with no more head coverings of secretiveness in the RFP. The inside informations of the RFP are made available to all industry representatives by puting the stamps on the net, except in the most sensitive instances, which may be small letter in figure. Guaranting transparence in the procurance procedure has besides resulted in widening the seller base.
Defence Procurement Procedure
19. Defence Procurement Procedure – 2008 is soon being followed. This was issued after DP-2006 was revised along with the Fast Track Procedure – 2001 and the Procedure for Indigenous Warship Building. In add-on, most significantly, a process for the development of systems based on autochthonal research and design, categorized as 'MAKE ' , has now been formulated. This bridges a critical spread that existed hitherto, and would supply the needed model for increased engagement of Indian industry in the defense mechanism sector.A Some of the of import characteristics of Defence Procurement Procedure includes:
Reducing the timeframe for acquisitions.
Enhanced transparence by puting the generic demands of the Services on MOD web site and bring forthing seller enrollment through Internet.
Increased transparence in the behavior of field tests.
'Integrity Pact ' made compulsory for all contracts above Rs. 100 crores.
An 'Offset ' duty of 30 % for all contracts above Rs. 300 crores. However, there have been indicants of companies seeking to thin this clause.
FDI in Defence Production
20. To hike up the autochthonal production in the defense mechanism sector, the authorities in 2001 had opened up the defense mechanism sector by allowing 100 percent private engagement in defense mechanism production and besides 26 percent Foreign Direct Investment of the host company 's equity. However, the lone bug in the whole procedure was the demand of obtaining a licence from the defense mechanism ministry by the private houses to bring forth military hardware. However, there is a demand to increase FDI bound from the current 26 per cent which would ease entree to want niche engineering and procedures.
De licensing of Defence Production
21. DPP-2008 did off with the licence demand for industries for fabricating military hardware, thereby making a " flat playing field " with the defense mechanism public sector projects. Considered to be a radical DPP, the de licensing will enable the private industries to skilfully use the available expertness to take up production of military hardware. This will decidedly hike up the attempts of indigenization in defense mechanism engineering.
Raksha Udyog Ratnas
22. Effective engagement by the Industry, both public and private, at assorted points of interaction and subsequent long-run association in merchandise development and productionisation, can be merely done through those houses of proved excellence and which are capable of lending, depending on their proficient, managerial and fiscal strength. These houses called as Raksha Udyog Ratnas ( RUR ) would be the cardinal drivers towards raising autochthonal defense mechanism technological base and world-class fabrication capablenesss in India.
R & A ; D in Military Aviation Sector
23. Aviation is one of the most important technological influences of our clip and empowers the state with strength. It is a major tool for economic development and has a important function in National security andA internationalA dealingss.
24. Assorted military, DPSUs and private companies have been associated in the R & A ; D activities, package and systems development and systems integrating on civil, combatant aircraft and choppers. These are Defence Avionics Research Establishment ( DARE ) , Aeronautical Development Agency ( ADA ) , Aeronautical Development Establishment ( ADE ) , Aircraft Upgrade Research and Development Centre ( AURDC ) , HAL, Mission Computing System Research and Development Centre ( MCSRDC ) HAL, and Software Development Institute ( SDI ) . DARE played a polar function in germinating the avionics architecture of Mig 27 ascent, developed the Core Avionics Computer ( CAC ) , mission computing machine package for CAC, show suite package of SU 30 MKI and the hardware and operating system of Radar Computer of SU 30 MKI. SDI based at Bangalore has been actively involved in the autochthonal ascents of SU 30 MKI every bit good as development of assorted mission be aftering systems and arm algorithms employed in Mig 27 ascent. AURDC has been involved in the Bison ascent, Mig 27 ascent and assorted autochthonal ascents of SU 30 MKI aircraft. MCSRDC has played a critical function in the package development and integrating of avionics systems in the Jaguar ( Darin II ) aircraft. It is besides involved in the ascent of Jaguar to Darin III criterions.
Joint Ventures
25. India has an built-in border over several other states because of higher accomplishments and lower costs of production. This makes India an ideal rival for joint ventures. HAL has entered into joint ventures with many abroad air power system companies to set about design and development of new systems in India. Some of these are the BaeHAL, HAL Edgewood, HELBIT etc. Many other package and hardware giants involved in the air power hardware and package development particularly in the embedded and existent clip system sphere have besides established their installations in Bangalore. Some of these are GE Intelligent Systems, Honeywell, etc.
26. Given their rapid growing over the last decennary, it is possibly no surprise that Indian package companies such as HCL, Infosys, Infotech, Tata Consultancy Services and Wipro have been active in the aerospace industry for several old ages. Increasingly, they are profiting from the technology services outsourcing programmes. This will assist India evolve from IT and low-end concern procedure outsourcing work to high-end design services. Abroad companies view the Indian companies as " long-run spouses and non as mere suppliers/vendors " .
Private Engagement
27. EADS 's chopper subordinate Eurocopter has had one of the longest partnerships with Indian industry. Since 1962, it has worked with HAL in India to fabricate more than 600 Alouette 3 and Lama ( known as Cheetah and Chetak locally ) choppers. HAL besides produces airframes for the Ecureuil/Fennec household of rotorcraft. The European house besides plans to put up pilot preparation installations in India for the civil and military sections and programs to put a'¬7-8 billion ( $ 9.5-11 billion ) over the following 10 old ages. Tata has entered into JV with AgustaWestland to piece the AW119 in India.
28. Honeywell Aerospace, which provides incorporate avionics, engines, systems and service merchandises for the aerospace industry, is one illustration. The US company has a design and development Centre in India that it hopes to spread out in the coming old ages. Airbus has set up the Airbus Engineering Centre India in Bangalore where local applied scientists help develop capablenesss in modeling and simulation, covering countries such as flight direction systems and aeromechanicss, to assist in the design and production of aircraft such as the A380 and the A350. It is besides working with Indian IT houses such as CADES, HCL, Infosys, Quest and Satyam to offer support across assorted aircraft programmes.
29. India 's defence-industrial scheme is directed chiefly toward accomplishing autonomy. Soon, there is a clear instability in demands by the armed forces. While approximately 70 per centum of demands are met through weaponries imports, the domestic beginnings supply the remainder. The current scheme is geared to change by reversal this tendency with the primary purpose of providing three-fourth of the demands through domestic beginnings. India 's determination to let private engagement in the defence-industrial sector is seen as a double purpose, viz. to accomplish much-needed capital and production sweetening and, secondly, to open up to the external market through their presence. There is besides an attempt to follow suited schemes to do choice sectors like aerospace and electronics globally competitory. DPSUs like HAL and BEL are now much in demand and are seeking to go feasible planetary giants.
30. The overall scheme is to do the defence-industrial sector act as a engine for economic development. In this respect, an accent on dual-use engineerings and production is contemplated which could profit both the defense mechanism and civilian sector. The current scheme besides looks into assorted options toward understating the province investings in the defense mechanism sector while promoting private and foreign portfolio investing in bing Indian defense mechanism companies. If recent alterations in assorted policies related to the defense mechanism industry are supposed to hold any significance, so, despite all jobs, there is something to be optimistic about in the Indian defense mechanism industry.


text: Third and fourth graders are studying the United States in their classrooms. They are divided into regional groups, so that they can each become an expert on one part of the country. Each student chose a major US city from his or her region. We looked at pictures of the city skylines, then they recreated the silhouette of the skyline using black paper. Do you recognize any buildings in these cities?

subset: commoncrawl


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- Remove this product from my favorite's list.
- Add this product to my list of favorites.
Basic Internet and Email Skills (30 mins)
Topics Covered
Email text formatting (colours and layout)
Reply to sender / all / other. the differences
CC and BCC the differences
Saving Emails to read later.
Email Scams. How to spot them
Internet Browsing, Whats safe and whats not. (how to decided)
Usefull tools to protect yourself.


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WBBSE 10th Result 2019: This is to inform all the candidates who appeared in the WBBSE that the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education is going to broadcast the West Bengal 10th Result 2019 on the official website. Thousands of candidates were appeared in the Madhyamik Pariksha and now they all are in the anticipation of WBBSE 10th Result 2019 since the last date of exam. Examine prepared very well in the exam times and they are expecting the good results.
WB Madhyamik Result 2019
After the commencement of exam thousands of students are searching for the WBBSE Madhyamik Pariksha Result 2019. These students will be able to check their result soon after the checking of copies. Since there were more than 4 lakh students were appeared in the exam and it is never easy to check these huge amounts of copies in this short period of time so the organisation is taking time. However the organisation is giving their level best to broadcast the West Bengal 10th Result 2019 as soon as possible.
WBBSE 10th Result 2019
Yet the board has not made any announcement regarding the WBBSE Tenth Result 2019, but our sources suggested that the board has completed the process of checking copies so it will not take time. Even the predictors have also predicted that the West Bengal 10th Result 2019 will be available in the month of May/June 2019.
We really understand that it is very hard to keep patience for the West Bengal Madhyamik pariksha Result 2019 but all the anticipators have to hold their horse. Candidates waiting for the West Bengal Board 10th Result 2019 need not vigil as we'll provide the complete details regarding the result. As the organisation publishes the result the candidates will be able to check the result through the direct link we provide here.
Overview of West Bengal 10th Result 2019:-
|Name of the Organisation
|West Bengal Board of Secondary Education
|10th (Tenth)
|West Bengal
|Name of the Post
|West Bengal 10th Result 2019
|Official Website
|School Result
|Name of the Exam
|WBBSE Secondary Examination
How to check the WBBSE Tenth Class Result 2019?
- In the very first step, go to the official website of West Bengal Board of Secondary Education that has been provided above.
- Further the candidate has to click the direct link available on the homepage of official website and may be written as "West Bengal 10th Result 2019".
- After clicking the direct link the candidate has to enter all the mandatory details asked like roll no, name. All these things will be available on the admit card.
- Candidates after entering these details have to click the Submit button.
- As soon as the webpage loads the result will be render on your device screen.
- Candidates can easily download the result by clicking the print button.
- Take the hard copy of the page appeared and keep it secure for the future reference until and unless the original mark sheet reached to you.
Important Dates to keep in mind:-
|Time Table Availability date
|January 2019
|Opening date of exam
|March 2019
|Last date of exam
|April 2019
|West Bengal 10th Result 2019 Date
|May/June 2019
WBBSE 10th Merit list 2019: – This is to inform all the candidates who did their best and now they are eagerly waiting for West Bengal 10th Merit List 2019 is that the WBBSE will release the merit list on the official website only. The merit list will be available within the short interval of time. Only those candidates who had done well and burnt heir midnight oil will be enlisted in the merit list.
West Bengal 10th Result 2019- Revaluation Form
All the candidates who will not be satisfied with their marks can fill the revaluation form. Candidates have to pay the required amount of fee for each subject they are going to apply. The Revaluation form will be available online only on the official website. If there is change in marks will be founded after the revaluation than the changed marks will be preferred. The result of the revaluation form will also be available on the official website only.
WBBSE 10th Supplementary Exam 2019: – All the candidates who were failed in West Bengal 10th Result 2019 and are asked to appear in the supplementary exam have to download the new admit card available on the official website. Candidates will be taking the exam on different centres. Candidates have to pass the supplementary exam otherwise they will be failing. It is mandatory for every candidates to download the admit card.
WBBSE 10th Supplementary Result 2019: – Candidates who will be appearing in the supplementary exam will also search for the West Bengal 10th Supplementary Result 2019. This is to inform all those candidates that the result will be available on the official website only. Candidates have to enter their roll no. appeared on the admit card and then the submit button they have to click and the result will appear.
About WBBSE: –
WBBSE stands for West Bengal Board of Secondary Education. It is a state education board which conducts the examination for the 10th and 12th Class students of West Bengal. The 10th Class Exam is called Madhyamikpariksha or Secondary Result. More than 10lakh examinee used to take the exam and the copies of these exams are checked by the employees of West Bengal Only. Recently the board has conducted the secondary examination and the West Bengal 10th Result 2019 will be published on the official website.


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Today's devotion comes from Psalm chapter 122.
"I was glad when they said to me,
"Let us go to the house of the Lord."
2 Our feet are standing
Within your gates, O Jerusalem,
3 Jerusalem, that is built
As a city that is compact together;
4 To which the tribes go up, even the tribes of the Lord—
An ordinance for Israel—
To give thanks to the name of the Lord.
5 For there thrones were set for judgment,
The thrones of the house of David.
6 Pray for the peace of Jerusalem:
"May they prosper who love you.
7 "May peace be within your walls,
And prosperity within your palaces."
8 For the sake of my brothers and my friends,
I will now say, "May peace be within you."
9 For the sake of the house of the Lord our God,
I will seek your good." Psalm chapter 122.
Today, we consider some elements of our worship service a/k/a "house of the Lord our God". "For zeal for Your house has consumed me, …" Psalm 69:9.
"One thing I have asked from the Lord, that I shall seek:
That I may dwell in the house of the Lord all the days of my life,
To behold the beauty of the Lord
And to meditate in His temple." Psalm 27:4.
First, we see that it is a place where we "behold the beauty of the Lord And to meditate" on the LORD.
Other doctrine meditates on what man should do.
But, Reformed Doctrine meditates on the beauty of the Lord and what He has done.
Second, we see that it is a place "To give thanks to the name of the Lord." Verse 4.
"These things I remember and I pour out my soul within me.
For I used to go along with the throng and lead them in procession to the house of God,
With the voice of joy and thanksgiving, a multitude keeping festival." Psalm 42:4.
Other doctrine is thankful for who they are and what they have done.
But, Reformed Doctrine is thankful for Who God is and what God has done.
Third, we see that is "a house of prayer".
"And Jesus entered the temple and drove out all those who were buying and selling in the temple, and overturned the tables of the money changers and the seats of those who were selling doves. And He *said to them, "It is written, 'My house shall be called a house of prayer'; but you are making it a robbers' den." Matthew 21:12-13.
Other doctrine feels the necessity of being "seeker sensitive", that is, being everything to everyone.
But, Reformed Doctrine looks to Scripture and the simple clear elements of what our worship service should be: "a house of prayer", a place to "give thanks to the name of the Lord", and a place to "behold the beauty of the Lord And to meditate" on the LORD.


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Back at the beginning of the fourth quarter, I reminded you to check-in and adjust your strategy to set yourself up to accomplish all your 2017 goals. Now that we're in the last week of the year, it's time to see how you did and celebrate your accomplishments! Ok, for those who didn't set 2017 goals…it's the perfect time to assess, celebrate and get ready for next year!
Since your design business, is, well, a BUSINESS, it's important to know how your financials ended up this year. Did you achieve the revenue goals you set out for your business? Whether your answer is "yes" or "no," spend a bit of time reflecting on these questions so you can learn from your experience this year:
- Now that you are clear about where you ended up with revenue this year, what adjustments need to be made to your 2018 strategy?
- Do you have the right product mix and services to hit next year's revenue goals?
- Should there be updates to your annual strategy to promote and sell certain things?
- Do you have any recurring expenses for software or services that you might not be using any longer? It's time to cancel them.
Assess Pricing
Another factor that's super important for whether you will hit your revenue goals is how you are pricing your services and products. It's time to get honest with yourself. Are you working all the time and feel like you're barely keeping your head above water? Hmmmmm, that could be a sign that you're not charging enough for your services or not understanding how long the elements of a project will take so you end up undercharging for your services. Check in with your fellow designers to see if your rates are comparable. Head into the new year with a pricing structure that is set up to help you succeed.
Gut Check: Mission and Passion
Ask yourself the hard questions to be sure that where you spent your time and energy this year is aligned with your passion. You became an owner of a design business for specific reasons. Check in with yourself to make sure you're still doing what you love and that your business is aligned to allow you to spend your time and talents in the way that makes you happy. If something doesn't feel right, consider what you can do to make things better. Listen to that gut!
Connect and Thank Yous
One of the things I love most about this time of year is the chance to reach out and connect with my ahhh-mazing clients to thank them for their business and to wish them well for the coming year. When I reach out to my clients, it's a great reminder of all the work my team was responsible for and the impact we made in our clients' lives. It just seems natural at the end of the year to pause and reflect on all that we accomplished and to get us motivated for all that is to come in 2018!
Plan your Personal Development
There's nothing that gets me more motivated than to invest in myself and spread my wings to learn new things and collaborate with others to be the best version of myself. Take time to identify your personal development priorities and plan for how you will achieve them in the new year. Maybe you want to go to a design conference you've never been to before or take a business class. Whatever your hopes and aspirations are for growth this year, set aside time NOW so you'll be sure to make it happen.
Calendar Considerations
We all wish we had MORE time in the day, right? Well, even though you can't add hours to your day, you might be able to find more time in the hours you already have. Nope, this isn't crazy talk. Do a calendar audit to look for ways you can adjust your schedule. Are there tasks that you do (that take up an extraordinary amount of time) that you could outsource? Maybe there are ways to use technology such as video conferencing to reduce your travel time for meetings. Little bits of time savings do add up and can make a big difference.
Clean out the Clutter
There's nothing that makes me feel more energized than getting all my ducks in a row to start the new year. A big part of this effort is organizing my workspaces so they are not only clean and clutter-free, but places I love to be in. I try to add a new element each year whether it's a pillow, a piece of art or something that just makes me smile.
Now it's your turn! How do you say goodbye to one year and welcome the new one? Let us know in the comments below.


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Introduction to Medical Law & Ethics, Self Paced
41 hours | Entry Level | Professional Development | Included eBook
Professional Development
This course introduces students to legal and ethical issues related to the health care setting. This course provides students with an overview of the laws and professional requirements that regulate the delivery of health care, including HIPAA, the Patient's Bill of Rights, and standard of care. Students will also gain an understanding of the ethical and moral issues that health care professionals may encounter.
Students seeking entry into health care jobs and incumbent workers planning for advancement.
- Analyze issues of law and ethics as related to health care
- Determine the similarities and differences between laws, ethics, and moral issues
- Assess the importance of confidentiality in the health care setting from both a legal and ethical standpoint
- Analyze the impact that local, state, and federal legislation have on practices found in health care
- Compare and contrast the roles of various members of the health care team in terms of standard of care


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Round Trips on the Lake – Lake Zurich Navigation Company
A relaxed ride on Lake Zurich is part of a visit to Zurich. And the chance to get to know the city and its surroundings from another angle.
Enjoy some special moments on a round trip or on one of the special cruises of the Lake Zurich Navigation Company.
Round Trips
The Lake Zurich Navigation Company offers numerous tours on Lake Zurich daily in the summer: short tours to Thalwil and Erlenbach (1.5 hours), longer tours all the way to Richterswil (2.5 hours) and long tours to Rapperswil (4 hours). In winter, several small and a large round trip every day are on the schedule.
Fabulous Cruises
Anyone looking forward to a special experience is sure to find the right boat. A selection of the special culinary cruises is shown below:
- Brunch boat
- DolceVita boat
- BBQ boat
- Cheese fondue boat
- Chinese fondue boat
- Late sleeper breakfast
- etc.
Feel like getting on the move after dinner? Then the following special cruises are just right for you:
- Top-hits party boat
- Friday dance party boat
- Salsa boat
- Gay cruise
- etc.
The special cruise dates are published in the event calendar.


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Now You Can Herd Cats
CoachesAid allows you to quickly and easily create and manage client accounts. No software to install or manage. Simply "link' the client's email to your CoachesAid account and the system will automatically send them an invite for their new account. Send to one or fifty, it's as simple as the click of a mouse.
Now that your CoachesAid account is linked to your client, you can monitor your client's activities on the system. You become their online–coach too helping them during and with the physical job-search. Extend your coaching, enhance your value with CoachesAid.
Quick Overview
Learn More
Learn more about CoachesAid, schedule a demo or sign-up,
Contact us at:
Contact us at:
(978) 853-9593
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Take advantage of the 7 day free trial access to virtualjobcoach and test drive what your clients will experience.
Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy VirtualJobCoach Group ©2010


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So I develop a lot of wordpress sites for clients and I strive to enable clients to change all the info on their website themselves, while maintaining control over themes, plugins and all other technical stuff. This works fine using different user types and things like Admin Menu Editor.
But then a lot of times you have info that is not easily editable unless you have admin rights. A lot of times you set certain items like phone numbers in a top bar or copyright info in the bottom footer in theme options. These are things that are not easily changeable by the user, because they dont have the knowledge where to change things and I also dont want to give clients access to theme options because that's just asking for trouble. So if their email or phone number changes, there is a bunch of places where it has to be changed – like changing the email in Contact Form 7, on the contact page, in the contact widget, etc.
So here is an idea for a plugin: Its like a settings page, where I as admin can add certain fields which are single line text boxes and a name. It works like a global variable, which the client can edit. So there might be a field for phone number, email address, but maybe also something like "copyright text" or whatever else gets used in certain places. Now the plugin generates a shortcode like [phone-number] or [email]. Now anywhere in the WordPress backend I can use this shortcode. So in theme options I can put in the footer text [copyright] and it will input whatever is in the copyright text field. In contact form 7 I can put [contact-email] etc. I think you get the point. If the client updates one of the fields, it changes anywhere the shortcode is used.
Does anyone know if something like this exists. I am fairly certain its possible using the settings API and some hooks and filters. I have some basic skills in PHP and are very familiar with WordPress, but have not developed a plugin yet. Anyone up for giving this a go?
Regards, Armin.
Read more here: Plugin idea: Global text variables


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From the first word to the last, LEWIS & CLARK & DAVEY HUTCHINS is filled with excitement, danger, and fun. Travel along with 14-year-old Davey and his dog Snooker as he experiences the same challenges that the famous explorers, Lewis and Clark, did during the Great American Expedition in the early 1800s.
Davey confronts warring Indians, a wild grizzly, starving wolves and many other hair-raising events on the two-and-a-half-year adventure into the Interior of the United States. While reading Lewis & Clark & Davey Hutchins, you will feel Davey's fear, courage, and his eventual triumph as he meets the challenges and dangers on the great frontier.
Be there when Davey protects his Indian foster father from starving wolves! Be there when Davey releases his pet rat, Mr Jeff, on a raft in the Columbian River! Be there when Davey is captured by a band of Indians! Be there when Davey makes it back to St Louis and is hailed as a hero!
LEWIS & CLARK & DAVEY HUTCHINS will soon be released by VINTAGE EXPRESSIONS!
Dr Carlson's upcoming books from Vinspire Publishing:


text: Air France / KLM Mile Giveaway Competition By Michele Neylon on April 20, 2011 in Airlines, Travel Offers Air France / KLM are running a pretty attractive competition (and promotion) for their Flying Blue airmiles members (and to encourage new members) You can win up to 160 thousand airmiles! Not bad! Full details on the competition site


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Jacqueline Keinath
About Me
Graduate Collection
Photo Shoot
Final Collection
Chloe Project
Travel Blog
Finding new Design Inspiration going through old Triumph Bra's in their Archive
Working on new Ideas and Inspiration Boards
Working at an internationally recognized and well established company like
, since March 2014, was one of the best learning experiences. Being able to apply everything I had just learned at the University for the Creative Arts in Rochester, UK, and seeing how it is implemented in a company like Triumph. I was fortunate enough to start out as a Design Assistant to the Head Designer, who I did not only very much enjoy working alongside, but who was also a mentor I could ask and talk to about any questions I had. She always encouraged me to think outside the box and apply my fresh eyes onto certain projects or work.
Working quite closely together with her, I was able to analyze colour trends and help develop and prepare new colour boards, do forecast and trend research, organize catwalk shows, and help design new collections and laces. Working on Photoshop and Illustrator to develop CAD's and Lace designs, my skills were strengthened and enhanced.
I was able to do a Trainee rotation for a few months through the company to understand and get a better feel for all the hard work people put in, for the organization itself, and for all the different departments working together to produce an exceptional product.
After working at Triumph for less than a year, I got the chance to be integrated into one of the teams as a Junior Designer. I was now handed one of the smaller collections to develop, design and find print and colour inspirations for. It was a great starting point and a huge learning experience. Proving myself through this project, I was able to start working on TriAction, Triumph's sport range, and help further progress with fresh ideas and new technologies. One of the last projects I started to develop before leaving the company, was a new innovation geared towards a more futuristic bra, collaborating with a few different departments.
I am very grateful to the Head Designer, who taught and showed me so much, integrating me into this new world of fashion, bringing a joke or a smile into every day, and to all the amazing talented and hard working colleagues and friends I met while working at Triumph.
Even though it was time for me to leave and say goodbye after almost three years, it was the best opportunity I could have had straight out of University finding my feet!
Browsing through Triumph's treasures in their Archive
The snowy and beautiful Design Headquarters in the South of Germany
Copyright ©2018 Jacqueline Keinath, All Rights Reserved
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You are being really smart going digital since real CDs are dead for smart artists that know that the cash is better invested of marketing and advertising.
Now into those common concerns …
1. Just how much does music distribution online cost?
The best distribution business will certainly offer to do your release on a per track basis as well as need to just charge you 50c a track optimum. This need to even your ISRC codes.
2. What portion of future aristocracies should I provide the suppliers?
ABSOLUTELY NOTHING! You must run a mile if anybody ever tries to get there practical your songwriting aristocracy. They did not write the track so just ever pay an once cost.
3. When will I view my music reveal up on iTunes?
This is so much faster compared to it made use of to be, you must see your music on iTunes in an issue of a few hours after payment.
4. When will my music be on spotify?
Because they obtain a lot material a site like spotify will take up to 4 weeks to reveal your track. However the music distribution firm must deliver it promptly.
5. How do the music representative pay me?
You can have the money transferred directly in your checking account.
6. Suppose my band separate as well as I really want to take a track down?
Your music distribution firm ought to do this complimentary. Merely permit them recognize.
Last ideas.
If your are believing of producing a first launch I would certainly suggest that you get your things available as quickly as possible. The most effective point you can do is begin to obtain some responses from the music fans as soon as possible.
Simply do a solitary track for a little expense as well as go from there.
Read this blog post to find out more regarding the best digital music distributions.
Best of luck.


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The waitress returns with a plate of eggs and sausage links, and a Styrofoam cup of coffee she places at my elbow. On the wall behind her, the flat screen TV blares out breaking news. A red banner runs across the bottom of the screen. The image of the newscaster switches to helicopters sweeping a dark mountainside with floodlights.
"What's going on?" I ask.
The waitress gives the TV a cursory glance. "Something happened in Bolivia a couple hours ago. I think they said it's in South America. Lots of people dead in La . . ?"
"La Paz?"
She brightens. "That's the city."
"La Paz is the third largest city in Bolivia. It's located in the Andes Mountains."
The helpful Wiki-fact draws a shrug from the waitress. "Half of it's gone from the mudslide. Maybe a million dead."
"A million people? No way."
"That's what they're saying."
"The TV reports give those numbers?" Surely she's wrong, but an odd sensation races between my shoulder blades. If a million people are buried in mud, La Paz has lost half its population in one tragic event. The possibility sickens me.
"They'll know for sure in the morning. Search crews can't hunt for survivors in the dark. Or maybe they're afraid. I sure wouldn't go looking around in the dark."
"Heavy rains triggered a mudslide?"
"It wasn't raining. The side of the mountain came down."
"Mountains don't just fall down."
"This one did."
Nothing happens without a reasonable explanation, and I press, "Did the news reports say anything about seismic activity?"
The waitress looks at me like I've sprouted antennae in my long black hair. I'm about to dumb down the question when I hear a woman from behind.
"There wasn't an earthquake," she says. "No seismic activity, no tremors. The mountain peeled off twenty percent of its mass for no logical reason."
At the end of the counter, a trucker with a ZZ Top beard wags his coffee cup. The waitress leaves.
In a cloud of heavenly fragrance, the woman seats herself on the next barstool. She's wearing a floral concoction, but I can't put my finger on it. Roses with a hint of gardenia, and citrus notes. Only better. Whatever the scent, it's mesmerizing.
I take a quick peek at my companion. My breath stutters to a halt.
She appears carved from rich ebony, a beauty in her late thirties or early forties. She's not young but she's unquestionably vital, a woman in her prime. Unlike the men with their untended beards and glassy eyes, an aura surrounds her, a crackling intensity that draws stray glances and more than a few appreciative stares. Her coloring, an exact duplicate of my grandmother's, awakens the ache slumbering in me.
Assessing my bewilderment, she softens her tone. "I remind you of someone."
A statement, not a question, and I swallow down my shock. "You do. It's uncanny." The urge to stare takes hold. Instead I look at my plate.
"Someone you loved?"
The use of the past tense seems peculiar. There's no escaping the odd notion she's somehow aware I've recently stood graveside while the women from Gram's church blessed the casket with tears and keening sobs, their chorus of misery flowing across the cemetery's neatly tended acres as, one by one, they hugged me close. I've never met another clairvoyant. A hunch suggests the accuracy of the woman's guess has nothing to do with knowing, an affliction I share with no other. This is something different. I'm sure of it.
At length I reveal, "My grandmother. She's gone."
"You were close?"
"Best friends. I never met my dad and don't get along well with my mother. No big loss. Black Gram was always there to pick up the slack."
"Black Gram?" The woman's full lips carry amusement. "As opposed to White Gram? Or Brown?"
"White Pop," I say, correcting her with a smile of my own. "When I was small, I needed a way to keep track of the colors. Gram's second husband was white. Died a long time ago. I also had a Brown Gram—didn't see her much. Moved to Los Angeles. Then there were the Italian relatives, which I never gave nicknames. They didn't seem to exist. Disowned my mother eons ago."
"Your family sounds interesting."
"More like dysfunctional."
"Except for Black Gram."
"She definitely brought up the team batting average," I joke. Growing serious, I add, "She never did a stint in prison, or soaked up unemployment benefits while getting drunk for months on end. A pillar of the community. Too bad street gangs and drug cartels run the community."
"She died recently?"
"Last week. Breast cancer. Fought like a cougar. Never lost her good spirits, even in the worst months of chemo."
"She was courageous."
The kind words send the familiar sadness weaving back through me. "The remission lasted three years. Wish it had lasted forever." With effort, I blink the grief from my eyes. "We made good use of the time. A weekly bucket list, and a million trips around town whenever she had the energy. At least she died in April. We got in a trip to the art museum to see the first tulips bloom."
"How lovely."
"It was." After a long hesitation, I manage to add, "She was."
"I'm sorry for your loss."
The woman's brown eyes reflect an ocean of compassion—yet another similarity. It is uncanny. Stack thirty years on her face and she'd pass for Gram's sister.
The silence grows full. Breaking it, the woman says, "A million people died tonight. The world will hardly notice. Tomorrow the New York Stock Exchange will post its biggest gains in eight months. A celebratory fervor on Wall Street. The story will dominate the news cycle."
"How do you know what the stock exchange will do?"
"U.S. advances in hydraulic fracturing continue to drive down energy prices across the globe, spurring consumer spending across the developed world. Good for economies, not so good for Mother Earth. Add in higher earnings in the tech sector, and workers lucky enough to own a retirement account won't give a second thought to events in South America. Nor will the international banking community."
"You sure about that?"
Oh, they'll take note once the Bolivian government lobbies for low-interest loans to rebuild the devastated city. Not until then."
Her cynical take on economics adds curiosity to my confusion. Is she an insomniac college prof out for a snack in the middle of the night? A stockbroker lost in Ohio's rural wasteland? The worldly air suggests a familiarity with diverse cultures, and sophistication out of place in a truck stop. Nothing unusual about her olive green slacks and tan blouse. They're common enough, but I can't shake the feeling it's a masquerade, a deception well crafted for my attentive eye.
Unsure of what I'm dealing with, I say, "Even if you're right, people will care about what's happening in Bolivia. I mean, how can they not care?"
Mildly approving, she asks, "You think they should care about a million lives lost?"
"A lot of people died. Not a million souls but whatever the death toll, it'll make the list of major disasters. I'll bet someone's already building the Wikipedia page."
Disappointment vanquishes the approval on her face. "Ah, you are young," she replies. "You're unfamiliar with the short attention span of most humans. Add in their naturally acquisitive natures, and a million lives lost won't cause the least concern. Not on a fast news day with wallets fattened up, compliments of the New York Stock Exchange."
Not people, humans. As if she's an alien life form passing judgment on the mercenary inhabitants of earth. The word choice gives me the willies.
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When to find a Plumber in El Paso, TX.
If you suddenly have a plumbing emergency at your home, you must quickly find a professional plumber to solve the problem. Here is how to find a local plumbing service close to you.
- Check with your family members or friends for a referral.
- Ask a nearby real estate agent for a recommendation of a good plumber he has experience with.
- Inquire with a nearby plumbing supply store for a recommendation for a reputable plumber.
- Yelp online and read the reviews of plumbing companies near you 79952.
Once you find a plumbing serviceplumber in your area, what do you look for prior to hiring them? Here is a checklist of questions you will want to ask a plumber BEFORE you contract them.
Are you approved by the state of Texas to perform plumbing repairs?
Always check that you are working with a licensed plumber, ask to see his state license! Licensed plumbing companies have the real world experience, schooling, and are compliant with current Texas and local plumbing codes. Even after passing an exam to obtain their license, a plumber has to take yearly continuing education classes to keep up with the changes to the Texas codes, new products, and approaches in plumbing field of plumbing.
In Texas, there are many skills one needs to succeed as a plumbing professional. As a result, there are multiple steps a learning plumber must take to become a Journeyman or Master Plumber. You must have 3-5 years of first hand plumbing training, references, and pass a test to earn a Journeyman or Master Plumbing license. In addition, they should hold additional certifications to test and certify back-flow devices and work on septic systems.
How many years have you been operating?
A good measure is to search for plumbing companies that have been in business for at least 8. This lets you know as to how successful and stable the company is and if they will still be around to service the maintenance they perform on your home.
Are the Service Technicians background checked?
Would you be okay with hosting their Service Technicians in your home? A company shall always conduct a complete background check and random drug testing on all employees. Additionally, professional plumbers servicing your home should be uniformed and have name tags. These plumbers should be company employees and not freelancers.
What are your skills and experience with plumbing?
Plumbing requires specific technical skills and knowledge. Plumbing companies utilize specialized unavailable to a normal person or a local plumbing handyman. The best thing about working with an experienced, certified plumbing company is they are equipped with all the required schooling, skills, plumbing tools, and experience to handle all sorts of plumbing repairs in your home.
Does your plumbing company hold insurance?
A plumber doing service in your house should have General Liability Insurance and a current Workman's Compensation insurance certificate.
General liability insurance covers damages that might occur in your home directly caused by the plumber. If the plumber does not have his own general liability policy, any damages would be covered by your homeowners insurance.
Workman's compensation insurance covers an injury to the serviceman whilehe is inside your home. So as a customer you do not need to worry about being held responsible for a plumber having an injury whilst working in your home.
Do you offer Emergency Plumbing Service in El Paso after hours?
A plumbing company that advertises that they have non-stop plumbing service should have a customer service representative waiting to take your call after hours. Furthermore, the plumber should keep after hours plumbers available to repair your plumbing emergency.
What are the plumbing costs in El Paso, TX?
Service Plumbers charge for their work one of two ways, Time & Materials Pricing or Flat Rate Pricing.
With the Time & Materials method; the plumber charges a small "Service Fee" to get to the job, an hourly rate whilst he is working, and any materials were used to fix the plumbing. Often there is a 1 hour minimum labor fee and afterwards you are billed in 15 minute increments. With this method you only pay for the actual time required and materials used on the job… no more, no less.
A plumber offering Flat Rate billing will invoice a "Diagnostic Fee" to decide your plumbing problem and then will give you a flat rate quote to repair the problem. You know beforehand what it will cost for your service. If you do not want to move forward with the solution, you are only obligated to pay the Diagnostic Fee.
Do you guarantee your work?
A professional plumbing company is concerned with the safety and quality of their work. They will offer the client a workmanship warranty and safety guarantee on their service.
Hopefully these suggestions help you find the right plumber for the job!
Do you want to know how to spend less money on a plumber? Try some DIY plumbing by watching YouTube.
List of Plumbing Services
Let us help you get your pipes back to normal 888-787-6689
Let us help you get your pipes back to normal 888-787-6689


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Monday, September 1, 2014
Heineken sells Mexican sub to U.S. firm for $1.23 billion
Guadalajara -
Dutch beer manufacturer Heineken has announced the sale of its subsidiary in Mexico, Empaque, to U.S. packager Crown Holdings.
Empaque maks cans, aluminum tabs and related products for the beverage industry.
Crown paid $1.23 billion dollars in the transaction, which will close in 2015. Heineken acquired Empaque four years ago, but said it wanted to divest itself of the satellite business so it could "focus fully on the production and sale of beer in international markets."
Company officials said Empaque will continue to be a key partner of and supplier for the Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma brewery, a huge Heineken bottler in Monterrey, Mexico.
© MGR 2014. All rights reserved. This article may be cited or briefly quoted with proper attribution or a hyperlink, but not reproduced without permission.
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Ian Richard Toews
About Ian
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How we can help you to get more sales
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Partner With Me
Improve the success of marketing efforts
ROI Optimization
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We have a strategy, experience and a proven track record in increasing leads for our clients
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Author Archives:
Mr.Toews Goes Local, With Purchase Order From Fraser Valley Hop Farms In B.C.
March 17, 2016
Last month, at the VIP dinner preceding Brewery annual summer festival, employees, volunteers, and attendees toasted the launch of a brand new beer:…
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ACES Wine Wins Taste Test Award With Focus Group
March 17, 2016
ACES Wine: A Poker Story Wine and poker: the two passions that set ACES' Holger Clausen's heart ablaze. If you live for sipping…
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VAMPT Brewing Shows Big Gains With CEO's Leadership
March 17, 2016
CEO, Ian Richard Toews developed an approach to deliver a measurable Return on Investment (ROI) Natural, sustainable and socially responsible global market determined…
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Local Gluten Free Beer, Lean Machine Ale Is A Local HIT!
March 17, 2016
Proudly Canadian. Lean Machine Ale is a sport recovery, low calorie, FIT BEER. We like to refer to it as RECOVERY ALE TM.…
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Tread DesignTwin centre
grooves1. Optimally positioned for optimal water drainage.Slash sipings2. For lower noise level and
faster water drainage.Aggressive Grooves3.
For efficient water drainage and good wet traction.Aqua disperse4. Optimally positioned for
draining water in all surface.
Copyright 2007 - 2011 Cheng An Da Pte. Ltd. All rights reservedThis
site is optimized for Internet
Explorer 5 or higher. Please
download an updated version now.


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For professional driver of lgvs, lorries, buses or coaches exceeding 3.5 tons, the deadline of 9th September 2014 to undertake the required 35 hours of Driver CPC training is now only twelve months away.
The Vehicle and Operator Services Agency (VOSA) have sent out many warnings that any professional driver within theses categories who fails to undertake the legally required Driver CPC training by this deadline, will automatically be issued with a fixed penalty notice by VOSA. That person will also be referred to the traffic commissioners who have the authority to suspend drivers vocational licence entitlement until the required Driver CPC training has been undertaken.
So if you have yet to complete Driver CPC training do not delay in contacting the very best training organisation in this field – ACE Trainers. They provide Driver CPC training courses to companies in Berkshire, Devon, Oxfordshire, the West Midlands, Surrey, Hampshire, Middlesex, Kent and Basingstoke.
ACE trainers are RTITB accredited and recognised. They provide full Driver CPC training to achieve the required five modules and total of 35 hours of approved periodic training stipulated to obtain certification. These five modules include;
Vehicle and Load Handling Systems
Maintenance, Daily Checks, Speed Limits, Driving Regulations, Signs and Restrictions
Drivers Hours and Tachograph including Working Time Directive
Health & Safety, Loading/Unloading, PPE, Risk Assessments
Principles of Safe Economic & Defensive Driving (Fuel Economy Training)
So do not delay, sign up for your Driver CPC training courses with ACE Trainers today by calling their team on 01256 01256 351581 or email@example.com
Read our latest article: Training for 180°- 360° Excavator Drivers


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All set to get a domain name for your business website? Make it a point to register .COM Domain; here's why!
One of the popular ways to create an online identity of your business is to set up a website. But, before that, you should select and register a domain name that suits your business.
Having your own domain name is the first step in establishing your online presence as well as reaching visitors.
All website names are controlled by a registry administrator. The registry administrator can use various suffixes such as .COM, .ORG, .NET, and more. These are called domain name extensions.
Your choice of top-level domain extension helps enhance your online presence, identify your brand, and even boost your marketing campaign.
There are hundreds of domain extensions to select from but the most popular one is .COM.
.COM: An Overview
The .COM extension was created in 1985, around the same time when the internet hits the mainstream. At first, it was made for commercial purposes. Basically, the .COM stands for "Commercial".
Because numerous businesses identified this extension during that era, business owners started grasping it. Ultimately, the .COM presence and familiarity establishes its reputation as a business standard.
The .COM Domain Extension Benefits
- Build A Brand Online
The .com extension shines in a brand building strategy. It is very easy to build your business brand using this extension because users are already acquainted with it. All things considered, the .COM works better in online as well as offline marketing.
- Familiarity
The .COM is the most popular and recognizable domain extensions among others. In fact, you would probably think about a website that ends with a .COM extension than an .ORG or .NET. So, it is the industry standard in a domain name registration field.
- Stronger Online Presence
The .COM domain helps your business establish a stronger online presence as it ranks better in search engine results than any other domain extensions.
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FRIDAY, JULY 20: CellOne yesterday launched an online version of the popular Crown & Anchor Game on Facebook.
A first of its kind in Bermuda, the game application enables players to pick their favourite team, Somerset or St. George's, earn points and win great prizes, including free local service for a year.
"We know how much the Cup Match season means to all of Bermuda. Whether you are locally based or just visiting, the festivities are an endless source of fun," said Rob McNabb, CellOne's director of marketing.
"As a long time supporter of Cup Match, CellOne wanted to create additional buzz around the event so we created a Facebook version of the popular Crown and Anchor Game. The goal of our online version is to build as many virtual points as possible for either Somerset or St. George's over a 2 week period. The more each player wins for their supported team, the better their own chances of winning prizes for themselves!"
To get started is easy. Log on to Facebook from your desktop or laptop computer. Go to the 'CellOne Bermuda' page and click 'Like'. This gives you access to the Crown & Anchor app and you're ready to go. Even if you've never played the game before, the online instructions will take walk you through the steps.
"We're really excited to offer great prizing to go along with the game," said Mr McNabb. "For daily winners, we've got the perfect summertime accessories like beach umbrellas, towels and beach balls. Weekly winners will receive one of our 'Heavy-Hitter' Smartphones currently on promotion. Not to mention, our grand prize winner will receive a full year's worth of free local service! A huge value worth thousands of dollars."


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Thursday on CNN's "Wolf," host Wolf Blitzer asked Rep. Peter King (R-NY), member of the House Committee on National Security and the Select Committee on Intelligence, whether he had any reason to doubt Canadian Prime Minister Harper's claim that Wednesday's shootings in Ottawa were an "act of terror."
"No, Wolf," King said. "The more evidence that comes in, to me, made it more and more clear that this was an act of Islamist terrorism. The question would be was he acting on his own or was he acting in concert with others, did he have a loose confederation with other Islamists. There's no doubt to me right now that this was an act of Islamist terrorism."
"It's very seldom that someone is an absolute lone wolf," King explained. "I know we use that term a lot, but I would say in many of these cases you find that the so-called 'lone wolf' actually knows others who are involved in the movement. Some may take direction, they just may have a loose alliance, so it's a combination of being inspired and of meeting with others."
"Your committee oversees the Department of Homeland Security, the intelligence community… what lessons do you think the U.S. should be learning about what happened in Ottawa yesterday?" Wolf asked King.
"It should be a wakeup to the American people, to the media," King said. "That's why it's so important, Wolf, I know the Canadian Prime Minister was saying that they may have to change their laws, I don't think we have to change our laws in this country, I just think we have to put aside a lot of the political correctness because we can have all the technology in the world, and that's important, but also, I think we have to see increased surveillance, similar to what the NYPD was doing, in the Muslim community so we'll have a head start as to who might be a so-called lone wolf, or what small groups are working together."
Follow Daniel Nussbaum on Twitter @NussBB


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Nature, life and loss are consistent themes in my artworks.
The ginkgo leaves "He puna wai e utuhia" are an allegory for tears – exploring the issues of grief, death and decay and the symbolism to be found in the leaf falling and making room for new growth – through to "Loss and Acquisition", which examines a life lived through the keys in one's possession. At the end of a life, those keys tell a story of places lived, of interests, give glimpses of what was valued, and perhaps even disclose unwelcome secrets.
Having nursed nearly three decades, I have seen a lot of life and death. Both in my personal life and professionally I have been affected as loved ones cope with illnesses from which they will not recover. End of life is chaotic for all involved. Sorrow can be overwhelming. Some relationships pull closer, some break under the strain. There is no manual on how one should cope or act.
My artistic practice enables me to explore issues of life, death and grief in a way that I hope is graceful and serene, and it is my desire that this serenity is accessible to those who have also felt loss. Glass being a fluid in solid form, is fragile yet multifunctional in its applications, and is the perfect media to express the complexities of life.
Email: email@example.com
Website: www.maramastudiosltd.com
Milford Galleries
Queenstown and Dunedin
Form Gallery


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I can't believe this is actually a poll.
It's sad that there will be no actual response to this poll, and that afterwards the NHS will still have "trained homepaths" on its payroll. Despite the fact that even the doctors who work in the NHS call it "nonsense on stilts".
I hope that the Guardian is just trying to be inclusionary, rather than actually promoting this crap.
Relatedly, they're both smart, funny, ginger and hate homeopathy. Zach Weiner and Tim Minchin; I'm just sayin'.
Posted on August 31, 2011, in GLOOP and tagged Homeopathy, NHS, Poll, Quackery, SMBC, Tim Minchin, Woo, Zach Weiner. Bookmark the permalink. 3 Comments.
There's your problem. Ginger.


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Beauty is one of the most sought after things in our world.
There are millions of way people chase beauty. From crazy fads like the kylie Jenner lip challenge, dangerous diets, and extreme treatments, to injections and surgery. Few people address the real issues holding them back from beauty. Their health.
A famous idiom states that true beauty comes from within, originally meaning personality. However, it translates to physical beauty as well. Your body reflects how you treat it. Dark circles indicate lack of sleep, pallor and lackluster skin indicate lack of vitamins, acne indicates imbalances of hormones and toxins in the body.
Everything is connected, our hair, our skin, our nails, so instead of harsh chemical peels or treatments, why not the much simpler ways to rejuvenate your skin. From organic masks, to vegan treatments, to changing your diet, to simply drinking more water, these are all the basic steps to achieve healthy, clear, and vibrant skin.
As most people (including myself) attempt to go down the route of quick fixes in our struggle to find what work best in a short time, we opt for the least expensive products "all natural" options in drugstores, with no real results. The issue with "all natural" products is that this term is very broad. "Collagen" can mean dead collagen from animal trimmings, and parabens can be preservatives from chemical as well as natural, which can be found naturally in blueberries. When searching for what is good for our skin and hair we need to know what we are buying.
Beauty Lounge Salon & Spa
When I stumbled upon the Beauty Lounge Salon & Spa (1500 Bathurst Street), I met some incredible people who are truly there to help you be your most beautiful self. From their wide array of non-chemical treatments for both skin, hair, body contouring, and nails, to the incredible welcoming and relaxing environment they create, I was smitten. Most of the products sold at the salon are vegan and Certified Organic ,an eco-friendly environment with healthier methods of dyeing hair, and natural skin care products.
Paula Eriya, Salon Owner and Creator of T.R.Y. Miracle
Paula, the owner and cosmetologist, has become almost a second mom for me throughout the salon's sponsorship. From inviting me to exclusive events, to providing me with services that have truly improved my skin and hair tremendously. The Beauty Lounge Salon has also graciously donated their space for my fundraiser for the Canadian Association for Suicide Prevention and WE the Charity.
My Beauty care at Beauty Lounge Salon begins with OxyGeneo™ Treatment, T.R.Y Miracle Hair Treatment and BCL Natural Manicure and Pedicure.
My first treatments I got to try out was the OxyGeneo™ 3-in-1 Facial. This facial is made up of three main steps and has done something incredible to my skin. First it exfoliates, then infuses the skin with nutrient rich active ingredients, finally shooting CO2 bubbles onto the skin which trigger a physiological response, increasing capillary flow and helping the skin absorb all of the nutrients.
As a competitive swimmer and swim instructor the chlorine has wreaked havoc on my skin and hair. This is the first treatment that has left lasting results leaving my skin moisturized and soft.
T.R.Y. Miracle Hair Treatment
Post Hair treatment
The second treatment I got to try out was the T.R.Y. Miracle hair treatment, created by Paula, the Salon owner. All I can say is that the name says it all. It worked miracles. My hair has been destroyed by over 8 years of constantly being in the water. Bleached and brittle, nothing seemed to work on my hair. This treatment instantly provided results and I continued to see those results three weeks in, so much so, that people are constantly asking what I did because it looks and feels amazing.
Of all the treatments, products, and colors I have tried, nothing has really worked or done the trick until now. I am so happy to have found a place that truly cares about helping me be the most beautiful me, inside and out.
BCL Skin Care Treatments
Last but not lease I receives my manicure and Pedicure with the BCL all natural skin care line one of three that Beauty Lounge offer. After my facial care, my hair care and hand and foot care, I can honestly say I was treated and pampered from head to literally. Needless to say Beauty Lounge Salon and Spa has totally won me over.
Mention Maya – Miss Teen Toronto for 20% off services at Beauty Lounge Salon & Spa (1500 Bathurst Street, St. Clair and Bathurst)