text: Humanities Issues Common Racial Stereotypes in Movies and Television Portrayals of Blacks, Latinos, Native Americans, Asians, and Arab Americans Share Flipboard Email Print Issues Race Relations Race & Racism History People & Events Law & Politics U.S. Government U.S. Foreign Policy U.S. Liberal Politics U.S. Conservative Politics Women's Issues Civil Liberties Middle East Terrorism Immigration Journalism Crime & Punishment Animal Rights Canadian Government View More by Nadra Kareem Nittle Nadra Kareem Nittle has written about education, race, and cultural issues for a variety of publications including the Robert C. Maynard Institute for Journalism Education and Change.org. Updated January 22, 2018 The United States is now more diverse than it ever has been, but from watching movies and television programs it's easy to overlook that development, given the prevalence of racial stereotypes in Hollywood. Characters of color remain underrepresented in mainstream movies and TV shows, and those actors who land roles are often asked to play stereotypes—from maids and immigrants to thugs and prostitutes. This overview breaks down how blacks, Hispanics, Native Americans, Arab Americans and Asian Americans continue to face stereotypes on both the big and small screen. Arab Stereotypes in Film and Television Disney's Aladdin. JD Hancock/Flickr.com Americans of Arab and Middle Eastern heritage have long faced stereotypes in Hollywood. In classic cinema, Arabs were often depicted as belly dancers, harem girls and oil sheiks. Old stereotypes about Arabs continue to upset the Middle Eastern community in the U.S.A Coca-Cola commercial featured during the 2013 Super Bowl featured Arabs riding on camels through the desert in hopes of beating other groups to a bottle of giant Coke. This led Arab American advocacy groups to decry the advertisement for stereotyping Arabs as "camel jockeys." In addition to this stereotype Arabs have been depicted as anti-American villains even before the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The 1994 film "True Lies" featured Arabs as terrorists, leading to protests of the movie by Arab groups nationwide. Movies such as Disney's 1992 hit "Aladdin" also faced protests from Arab groups for depicting Middle Easterners as a barbaric and backwards people. Native American Stereotypes in Hollywood Native Americans are a diverse racial group with diverse customs and cultural experiences. In Hollywood, however, American Indians are typically characterized with a broad brush. When Native Americans aren't being depicted as silent, stoic types in film and television shows, they're depicted as bloodthirsty warriors out to spill the white man's blood and harm white women. When Native Americans are characterized more favorably in film and television usually they're portrayed as medicine men who guide whites through difficulties. American Indian women are frequently depicted one-dimensionally—as beautiful maidens or princesses or as "squaws." These narrow Hollywood stereotypes have made Native American women vulnerable to sexual harassment and sexual assault in real life, feminist groups argue. Stereotypes Blacks Face on the Silver Screen Blacks face both positive and negative stereotypes in Hollywood. When African Americans are portrayed as good on the silver screen, it's usually as a "Magical Negro" type like Michael Clarke Duncan's character in "The Green Mile." Such characters are typically wise black men with no concerns of their own or desire to improve their status in life. Instead, these characters function to help white characters overcome adversity. The mammy stereotype and the black best friend stereotype are similar to the "Magical Negro." Mammies traditionally took care of white families, valuing the lives of their white employers (or owners during slavery) more than their own. The number of television programs and films featuring blacks as selfless maids perpetuates this stereotype. While the black best friend isn't a maid or nanny, she typically functions to help her white friend, normally the protagonist of the show, transcend difficult circumstances. These stereotypes are arguably as positive as it gets for black characters in Hollywood. When African Americans aren't playing second fiddle to whites as maids, best friends and "Magical Negroes," they're depicted as thugs or brash women with no tact. Hispanic Stereotypes in Hollywood Latinos may be the largest minority group in the United States, but Hollywood has consistently portrayed Hispanics very narrowly. Viewers of American television shows and films, for example, are far more likely to see Latinos play maids and gardeners than lawyers and doctors. Furthermore, Hispanic men and women have both been sexualized in Hollywood. Latino men have long been stereotyped as "Latin Lovers," while Latinas have been characterized as exotic, sensual vamps. Both the male and female version of the "Latin Lover" are stereotyped as having fiery temperaments. When these stereotypes aren't at play, Hispanics are portrayed as being new immigrants with thick accents and no social standing in the U.S. or as gang-bangers and criminals. Asian American Stereotypes in Film and Television Like Latinos and Arab Americans, Asian Americans are frequently portrayed as foreigners in Hollywood films and television shows. Though Asian Americans have lived in the U.S. for generations, there is no shortage of Asians speaking broken English and practicing "mysterious" customs on both the small and big screen. In addition, stereotypes of Asian Americans are gender specific. Asian women are often portrayed as "dragon ladies," or as domineering women who are sexually attractive but immoral and therefore bad news for the white men who fall for them. In war films, Asian women are most often portrayed as prostitutes or other sex workers. Asian American men, meanwhile, are consistently depicted as geeks, math whizzes, techies and a host of other characters viewed as non-masculine. About the only time Asian men are portrayed as physically threatening is when they're depicted as martial artists. But Asian actors say the kung fu stereotype has hurt them also because after it rose in popularity, all Asian actors were expected to follow in Bruce Lee's footsteps. Continue Reading


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Just as well I was up early as my surrogate daughter2 FINALLY gave birth in the wee small hours of this morning (02:30 to be exact!) - Congratulations to Becky and Chris, the proud parents and to Harry who now has a new brother, Zac. Mother and baby doing well though mum (no surprise here) is very tired. Zac was due on August 5th so we've been anxiously waiting since then.
- 14½ cm square 300 gsm scallop edged white card and matching envelope
- Large black circle (using my new scalloped nestie from the photo above)
- White circle torn from white/gold mulberry paper (I used a waterbrush and a circular die to give me a line to tear around)
- Circle die cut from white card
- Dylusions random spot inked using versamark ink before applying violet pan pastel, set with fixative
- Paper Artsy image inked in Memento tuxedo black on to white card
- Distress Ink in pumice stone applied over the star image (with an ink duster) to take off the starkness of the white.
Have a great weekend

subset: commoncrawl


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When Kevin Rudd was removed as Prime Minister in June 2010 he managed to land one spectacularly damaging blow on his rivals by demonising this elusive, conceptual foe that was the Labor Party factions. John Faulkner is now talking about the need to reform the Labor factional system, which is a good idea but what does it mean? I appreciate that every member of the Labor party makes a point of either joining a faction, or choosing to serve independently of a faction but what power do the factions have over there members? And obviously, factions aren't sentient, who is it that dictates factional policy and how do they come to have that authority?
Kevin Rudd with a little help from Paul Howes did a marvellous job of painting the factions as shadowy, power hungry figures who choose the Labor party leadership behind a cloak of anonymity. Rudd's revised history of his own leadership is that when he refused to kowtow to these dodgy figures that they ordered their factional members to all vote against Rudd and, blind sheep that they were, they all did. If this were the case it would truly be disturbing, especially given nobody seems to know quite who these top down controllers are. I've heard Anthony Albanese described as the leader of the NSW left on several occasions but he certainly can't dictate to his factional allies like that. Albenese backed Rudd on both occasions but Tanya Plibersek, Greg Combet, Julie Owens and Laurie Ferguson all quite openly supported Gillard. Likewise Mark Arbib as the supposed leader of the NSW Right was supposed to have been particularly culpable in the Rudd removal yet Chris Bowen, Robert Mcleland and Julia Irwin, all supported Rudd.
Another claim is that factions order there members to vote in blocs within caucus on policy issues. This suggestion is also dubious although it is more difficult to disprove given the rules of caucus solidarity in the Labor party. The most openly conducted policy decision in Labor in recent years has been on same sex marriage. If there was any factional coercion on this matter it was from the socialist left and Ferguson left factions which but for one J Gillard voted almost unanimously in favour of it at both the national conference and on the floor of the House. By contrast the dreaded NSW and Victorian Rights appeared to have little or know control over their members. Mark Arbib happily announced he was in favour of it but that didn't stop Ed Husic, Tony Burke and Chris Bowen from casting loud nay votes in the house. Likewise Bill Shorten who is supposed to have toppled a Prime Minister couldn't persuade Stephen Conroy, Maria Vamvakinou and Mike Symon to come with him, although rather nicely of him Simon Crean did.
We also know from the public record something about the voting patterns of cabinet ministers with regard to the Emissions Trading Scheme. From the left, Julia Gillard wanted to scrap it, but Lindsay Tanner and Penny Wong both wanted to keep it. From the right, Wayne Swan and Mark Arbib(why he was consulted we still don't really know) wanted to scrap it whilst Kevin Rudd and Stephen Smith from the right were inclined to keep it. Peter Garrett, independent of a faction, also wanted to keep it. Journalists receive off the record briefings from politicians so it may be the case that they are aware of how parliamentarians voted on specific issues and so are speaking with good authority when they allege that the factions can bind the membership. This is fine but I don't have that information so I'm forced to go by what's on the public record and all the indications we have from these are that whilst some MP's might vote in blocs, the indicators are that they do not vote uniformly along factional lines as Kevin Rudd likes to insinuate.
If John Faulkner and his Labor colleagues want to reform the Labor factional system then I wish them well but if they want to harness any sort of public support for their initiative they need to keep the public informed. This begins with the Labor party being up front and transparent about what the current role of the factions is, who the key players are and what is wrong with the current system. Then and only then can they set out a clear blueprint for reforming the party which anyone will pay any attention too. It's not that I don't think Faulkner is right, I just don't understand why, and this is one area where I'm prepared to project my naivety onto a majority of the population.


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The Snuz Mattress
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Wrap-A-Nap Travel Pillow
This face mask doubles as a travel pillow and also helps to muffle sound. It allows for less sleep distractions no matter where you are (and it also happens to be extremely affordable).
Wrap-A-Nap Travel Pillow, $4.10
Sound+ Sleep MINI
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Sound+Sleep MINI High Fidelity Sound Machine, $69.99
Weighted Throw Blanket
Weighted blankets are super trendy. They're believed to help relieve anxiety and usher you into a more restful sleep.
Raschel Blanket Weighted Fleece Napping Throw, $122.69
Travel-Size Humidifier
Humidifiers help prevent dryness and congestion as you sleep. This one also aids in eliminating bacterial growth and is compact enough for you to travel with
Compact Cool Mist Humidifier, $59.99
Melatonin is a known natural sleep aid. When traveling to new places, sometimes it's tough to get to sleep. Pop some melatonin in your carry-on and drift off into restful sleep.


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Tuesday, February 19, 2019
As per the news Bigg Boss 8 production team have a blast in the house for the viewers as well as the contestants as the name of the next Wild Card Entry has been revealed. And she is British pornstar Shanti Dynamite!. As we already know that few years ago Sunny Leone's had already created a lot of buzz in the Bigg Boss house and now here is another pornstar Shanti Dynamite entry in the show.
Also Read:- Happy New Year, Kick and Dhoom3 1st week Box Office Collection Comparison Analysis Report
The TRP ratings of Bigg Boss 8 will surely in the star when she come in the house. It would most definitely be entertaining to see some of the contestants' reaction watching her enter the house and stay with them.
Also Read:- Gauhar Khan and Kushal Tandon Patchup


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Thanks to Panic! at the Bookstore for tagging me in this fun music focused post! I love music as well as books & film so this tag really intrigued me. Everyone go check out Avi's post over on their blog, it's great!
The rules: Put your music on shuffle and list the first 15 songs to play (no cheating) then tag 10 others to do it as well.
Some absolute bangers came out of my shuffle!
Avi put her favourite lyrics of each song, so I'm going to do that too!
1. She Will Be Loved by Maroon 5
Favourite lyrics: "I know that goodbye means nothing at all, comes back and begs me to catch her every time she falls."
2. Moonshine by Bruno Mars
Favourite lyrics: "I know, I was with you last night but it feels like it's been so long."
3. Figure It Out by Royal Blood
Favourite lyrics: "I broke my shoe, tripped and fell on you, but you didn't know I planned it out."
4. Take Me Down by The Smashing Pumpkins
Favourite lyrics: "And all I see is you, take my hand, I lost where I began."
5. My Love Will Never Die by Hozier
Favourite lyrics: "You've done me wrong for a long, long time. But after all you've done, I never changed my mind. Honey, please, try to love me."
6. Speed Trials by Elliott Smith
Favourite lyrics: "He's pleased to meet you underneath the hearse in the cathedral with the glass stained black"
7. You Give Me Something by James Morrison
Favourite lyrics: "I never thought that I'd love someone, that was someone else's dream."
8. Rebel in You by Supergrass
Favourite lyrics: "Can't save the rebel in you. Hands down you're beautiful."
9. I Know It's Over by Jeff Buckley (cover of The Smiths)
Favourite lyrics: "It's so easy to laugh, it's so easy to hate. It takes guts to be gentle and kind."
10. Full Circle by Half Moon Run
Favourite lyrics: "You appear even-tempered though your looks will deceive and the sparks are always flying 'cause you drink for relief."
11. Lying Is The Most Fun A Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off by Panic! at the Disco
Favourite lyrics: "I've got more wit, a better kiss, a hotter touch, a better fuck than any boy you'll ever meet, sweetie you had me."
12. Bedshaped by Keane
Favourite lyrics: "I know you think I'm holding you down and I've fallen by the wayside now and I don't understand the same things as you, but I do."
13. If I Ever Was a Child by Wilco
Favourite lyrics: "Can my cold heart change over night? So I won't ever want to touch your heart too much or hold you too tight."
14. What's My Age Again by blink-182
Favourite lyrics: "With many years ahead to fall in line why would you wish that on me? I never wanna act my age…What's my age again?"
15. Off To The Races by Lana del Rey
Favourite lyrics: "My old man is a tough man but he's got a soul as sweet as blood red jam and he shows me, he knows me, every inch of my tar black soul."
This was a really enjoyable post to do. Something a bit different from all my bookish stuff!
I tag… (no pressure!!!)
Callum // Alex // Ava // Lois // Sophie
Do any of you like any of the songs that came up on my shuffle? Let me know what ones!
*banner image taken from Perfection in Books*


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COzero News
Archive for 2016
What Makes up an Electricity Profile?
Designing Sustainable Futures With UTS
Future Cities - Designing Sustainable Sydney
Running HVAC Systems Effectively
Looking After Refrigeration
Secure File Transfer Between Businesses Via AWS S3
Recently I have been tackling the problem of transferring confidential customer data from our platform parters. Our platform partners needed to be able to securely upload the data into an encrypted location, while our middleware required access to...
Lachlan Smith's First Month at COzero
I was employed from the start of February to assist the operations team. I have just completed my first month of employment with COzero and have learnt so much while enjoying the work culture with my new co-workers.
A great policy of the business...
Green Cities Barangaroo
Following on from my visit of the new UTS building in the first post, in this post, I'll run through my visits of the Barangaroo Reserve and Barangaroo South District. The full list of sites visits that were available through the Conference is available...
Green Cities UTS Business School
As a part of the Green Cities Conference, various site visits were on offer to energy efficient buildings throughout the city, such as the Sydney Opera House, Darling Quarter and Commonwealth Bank Fitout, 50 Martin Place and Macquarie Bank Fitout,...
Sydney Seminars
I recently attended a few interesting lectures, the first around the development of public transport in public spaces, and the second around the prominent role women have been playing in pushing forward initiatives in the area of climate action.
COzero's Summer Intership Programme - Week 14
Coming into the final weeks of our internship, the three of us have made great progress on the project at hand. We were lucky in that we got to test our Demand Response product in a trial where everything performed satisfactorily. Having this trial...
Understanding Demand
Most people understand that you have to pay for your electricity consumption in kWh, as most often seen on home electricity bills. However, for larger commercial customers there is usually an additional power portion of the bill covering site demand...
Rebranding COzero
COzero's Summer Internship Programme - Week 9
NSW Ports
EnergyLink pinpoints usage to focus efforts, delivering the greatest savings.
Waratah Building Management
EnergyLink helps me help my clients with their energy.
We were amazed by the savings!
Neeta City Shopping Centre
COzero helps us do more with our energy.


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Video: Sapphira Chanel – Mega BootyBootyliciousMag, More Scoreland sites Friday, April 15th, 2011
Sapphira Chanel, a local girl who has one of the best butts we've ever seen, says, "I can always tell if a man is confident by the way he treats my ass. A man who knows how to treat my ass isn't going to be intimidated by it. If he likes my ass, he's going to let me know it.
He's going to handle it just right. He's going to kiss it just right. He's going to know that he can't just shove his finger in my ass without lubing me up a little and getting me relaxed first." In these video and pictures, we get to see SSapphira Chanel relaxing. She's ready for you now.
See More of Sapphira at BOOTYLICIOUSMAG.COM!
Short URL: http://www.scoreland.com.co/?p=1741
Posted by admin on Apr 15 2011. Filed under BootyliciousMag, More Scoreland sites. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0. You can leave a response or trackback to this entry


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ERIC Number: ED179215
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1979
Pages: 25
Abstractor: N/A
Reference Count: 0
Learning Resource Center Standards for Vocational Programs. Monograph Series No. 4.
Bucher, Mary Ann; And Others
Standards are offered to administrators and practitioners as a conceptual framework for successful vocational learning resource center programs, and a program evaluation instrument is presented to aid vocational education structures in identifying their strengths, weaknesses, and possible plans for improvement. The standards cover seven areas: personnel, support staff, facilities, the collection, selection of materials, budget, and supplies. Intended for use by a team of six persons who visit the program and record their observations, the evaluation instrument identifies six variables: (1) curriculum and instruction, (2) students, (3) facilities, materials, and equipment, (4) staff development, (5) management, and (6) evaluation. Each variable is divided into two sections, one listing points to be considered in reviewing the effectiveness of the program, and the other containing the observer's own comments and recommendations. Space for additional comments and a glossary of terms are provided. (FM)
Descriptors: Guidelines, Learning Resources Centers, Media Specialists, Program Evaluation, Resource Centers, Review (Reexamination), Standards, Vocational Education
Ohio Educational Library/Media Association, 40 South Third, Suite 409, Columbus, OH 43215 ($3.00)
Publication Type: Guides - Non-Classroom
Education Level: N/A
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: Ohio Educational Library/Media Association, Columbus.
Note: Photographs may not reproduce clearly


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By Todd Balt
Review by Robert Leone
It's summer in San Diego. While waiting for Tuesday and Friday nights, as
well as the occasional Saturday, and the racing at the San Diego Velodrome,
fans of brakeless bikes on the track can read about the early days of racing on
ovals. It's not only a recounting of great racers and the steel steeds they
created and rode, but also a profound meditation on the late nineteenth and
early twentieth century emergence of professional sports in the United States
and the world. It's also an exploration of the debilitating effects of
commonplace racism: Marshall "Major" Taylor wrote that he couldn't compete in
some towns because he wasn't, or wouldn't, be allowed to get a good meal there!
He and his wife were on board a steamship for an ultimately well-received and
successful tour of Australia when the question of that country's own draconian
racial entry rules came up. No, not entry into racing venues: Entry into the
The author, Todd Balt, does a magnificent job delineating and
describing the conditions of bike racing, social mores and prejudices, and even
bike design. He notes Taylor's first manager, retired racer Louis "Birdie"
Munger, went bust several times in the pursuit of perfection (exemplified by a
surviving "Birdie Special," a startlingly light drop frame bike, suitable for
the then-scarce feminine "scorcher"), before his quest for safer motor-pacing
through better tires came to the notice of the infant automobile industry. He
notes the background of Taylor's nemesis, California-bred Floyd MacFarland, was
almost as unlikely in a country still dominated by the settlements of the East
Coast and Midwest. He also notes how acute the training wisdom of that long-ago
day was in getting peak performance out of endurance athletes, including
Taylor's using of an "unclimbable" hill in his adopted home of Worcester, MA
for hill repeats. If you're not riding a bike, reading Major is almost
as much fun.


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Black sesame ice cream:
Vanilla mochi:
Too yummy! :DReplyDelete
(ashta icekrimu tabemas)ReplyDelete
Natasha/Candy Pop: Yes indeed! I bet there's lots of delicious icy treats in the UK! :D
Tania/ihsus: Hahahaa....maybe next time we meet up it will be ice cream season...? ;)
I recently found a big tub of black sesame ice cream!!! So good!
I only wish it was creamier (it tastes a bit airy!)!
But yes, japanese treats are probably the best thing!
beautiful, beautiful blog!ReplyDelete
mmm, looks good. nice blog btw :-)ReplyDelete
Celine: The one I have is pretty decent....but then again, ice cream of any sort is always good! ;)
Polly: You are too sweet! Thank you so much for your lovely comment and for visiting! :D
Camilla B.: Yes! They're super delicious! Thanks so much for your kind words and for stopping by my little blog! ;)
i have not had many japanese treats. these look yummy.ReplyDelete
kitchu: I think you will love it! :DReplyDelete


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Clinical trial will look at 'efficacy and safety' of marijuana in treating PTSD.
The Canadian Forces and Veterans Affairs are setting up a clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of using medical marijuana to treat post-traumatic stress disorder in military members and veterans.
A briefing note to the veterans affairs minister from October reveals a senior psychiatrist with the Canadian Forces "has drafted a preliminary protocol to conduct a clinical trial" that would look at how effective and safe marijuana is in treating PTSD. But as of October the biggest obstacle was finding a way to fund the study and research team needed to implement it.
"VAC and CAF are working to further develop the protocol, partnership and funding," said the briefing note obtained by CBC News under the Access to Information Act.
– Read the entire article at CBC News.


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SAE reported:
The US Department of Transportation (USDOT) has released its report to the United States Congress assessing the status of dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) for connected vehicle technologies. The findings are that they are ready for deployment. The USDOT's report, The Status of the Dedicated Short-Range Communications Technology and Applications, also considered known gaps as well as potential issues with DSRC technology and some of its applications. The report describes a recommended implementation path using real-world traffic and roadway examples. This path begins with safety for crash avoidance alerts and warnings and moves through to fully automated driving technologies.
In this context, the term DSRC refers to the set of WAVE standards (IEEE 1609.x) that were revised during 2015. The formats of the WAVE messaging and the WAVE service advertisement message are harmonized with ISO. ISO specified this scaleable approach in ISO 16460. ISO 29281-1 (Fast Networking & Transport Protocol) and ISO 24102-5 (Fast Service Advertisement Protocol) currently are updated to support all features specified in ISO 16460.
An ITS station unit (ISO 21217:2014) compliant with the new editions of ISO 29281-1 and ISO 24102-5 is fully interoperable with IEEE WAVE devices used in USA with respect of the messaging protocol and the service advertisement protocol.
The ISO standards support more features than the WAVE standards, especially
Dr. Fischer from ESF GmbH was intensively involved in this harmonization work. He drafted the first harmonized version of IEEE 1609.3. He is editor of ISO 16460, ISO 29281-1, and ISO 24102-5.
This harmonized solution (ISO 29281-1, ISO 24102-5) will be part of the core technology for hybrid communications in ITS (C-ITS, Urban ITS, ...) standandardized by ISO.
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The forces acting on the earth's surface leads to the creation, destruction, recreation and maintenance of geo-materials on the earth's crust. The forces are divided as Endo-genetic and Exo-genetic forces.
– Various agents of denudation like running water, rain, frost, sun, wind, glaciers and waves have constantly reshaped the face of the earth making it very varied and diverse. However, the plateau and plains have only modified these structures which have been modeled by the movements of the earth's crust.
– Since the down of the geological time there have been about nine orogenic or mountain building movements, folding and fracturing the earth's crust. Some of them occurred in Pre-Cambrian times between 600 – 3500 Million years ago.
– The three most recent orogenies are the:
• Caledonian (about 320 million years ago) raised the mountains of Scandinavia and Scotland in North America. These mountain ranges have been worn down by the agents of denudation and are no longer exhibit the striking forms as existed earlier.
• Hercynian (about 240 million years ago) raised the Ural Mountains, the Pennines and Welsh Highlands in Britain, the Harz Mountains in Germany, the Appalachians in America and the high plateaux of Siberia and China. These mountains have also been reduced in size by the various sculpturing forces.
• Alpine (about 30 million years ago) the recent and major orogenic movements of the earth, raised mountain ranges such as Alps, Himalayas, Andes and Rockies which are the young loftiest mountains and are most imposing.
– The above developments of the landforms are the results of Endo-genetic and Exo-genetic forces.
• The forces which originate inside the earth due to volcanism, diastrophism and massive crustal rearrangement are known as Endo-genetic Forces.
• The external forces which bring changes in the landforms through the process of erosion, mass wasting and weathering are known as Exo-genetic Forces.
The forces coming from within the earth are called as endo-genetic forces which cause two types of movements in the earth, viz:
a) Horizontal Movements: Side to side movements of the earth's crust (Horizontal and Tangential), causes lot of disruptions in the horizontal layer of strata as they involve compression and tension of the pre-existing rocks.
b) Vertical Movements: Slow and widespread bringing changes in the horizontal rock strata. Originate from the centre of the earth causing large scale upliftment or subsidence of a part of the earth's crust forming continents and plateaus. These movements motored by the endo-genetic forces introduce various types of vertical irregularities which give birth to numerous varieties of relief features on the earth's surface, eg., mountains, plateaus, plains, lakes, faults, folds, etc.
The energies in the endo-genetic forces are mostly generated by radioactivity, rotational and tidal friction and primordial heat from the origin of the earth. This energy is due to geothermal gradients and heat flow from within induces diastrophism and volcanism in the lithosphere.
The endo-genetic forces and movements are divided, on the basis of intensity, into two major categories:
a) Diastrophic Forces: It is a general term applied to slow bending, folding, warping and fracturing of the earth's crust which becomes discernible after thousands of years. From the point of view of areal distribution, Diastrophic forces can further be divided into two sub-groups:
I. Epeirogenetic Movements: A slow process causing movements of the earth's crust resulting into the displacements of continents and ocean basins. It acts along the radius of the earth and hence also known as radial movements.
• Their direction may be towards (subsidence) or away (uplift) from the center. The formation of mid-oceanic ridges, ocean trenches, the Great Rift Valley of Africa can be attributed to these movements.
• Some of the beaches which have been elevated (uplifted) as much as 15 m to 30 m above the present sea level such as Kathiawar, Nellore and Thirunelveli coasts. Several places which were the flourishing sea ports about 1000 to 2000 years ago are now a few miles inland such as Coringa near the mouth of the Godavari, Kaveripattinam in the Kaveri delta and Korkai on the coast of Thirunelveli.
• An earthquake in 1819 submerged a part of Rann of Kachchh. Presence of peat and lignite beds below the sea level in Thirunelveli and the Sundarbans is an example of subsidence. The Andamans and Nicobars have been isolated from the Arakan coast by submergence of the intervening land.
• Trees have been found embedded in mud about 4 m below the low water mark on the east side of Bombay Island and on the Thirunelveli coast in Tamil Nadu. A part of the former town of Mahabalipuram near Chennai (Madras) and a large part of Gulf of Mannar and Palk Strait (shallow zone) have been submerged in geologically recent times.
II. Orogenetic Movements: It involves mountain building through severe folding and affecting long and narrow belts of the earth's crust acting tangentially to the earth surface, as in plate tectonics. It can further be divided into Compressional and Tensional.
• Compressional forces result into folding (folds), crustal bending, local rise and subsidence because this type of force acts towards a point from two or more directions.
• Tensional forces create cracks, ruptures, features and faults, since this type of forces acts away from a point in two directions.
b) Sudden forces: These are the result of long period preparation deep within the earth. Only their cumulative effects on the earth's surface are quick and sudden. Geologically, these sudden forces are termed as 'constructive forces' because these create certain relief features on the earth's surface.
Endo-genetic forces create deformation in the earth's crust. This distortion takes place more in sedimentary and metamorphic rocks than in igneous rocks as the former rocks are usually horizontal, a little deformation becomes easily discernible. The structures are discussed as follows:
(A) Folds: Fold is a bending of the Earth's crust owing to compressional forces.
– According to shape, the folds are of many types:
o Symmetrical Folds—These are ordinary folds. The limbs of the folds are equally inclined on either side.
o Asymmetrical Fold—One of the limbs is more inclined than the other.
o Monoclinal Fold—In this fold, one limb makes a right angle with the surface but the other limb is ordinarily inclined.
o Isoclinal Fold—The two limbs are so much inclined in such a way that they appear equally inclined and parallel to each other.
o Recumbent Fold—In this fold the two limbs are so much inclined that they become horizontal.
o Overturned Fold—In this fold one limb is overturned over the other limb. The difference between the overturned and recumbent folds is that the overturned limbs are not horizontal like those of recumbent fold.
o Plunging Fold—If the axis of the fold is not parallel to the horizontal but makes an angle with it, it is known as Plunging Fold.
o Fan Fold—It is a great anticline which has many small anticlines and synclines. It is also known as Anticlinorium. A great syncline having many small anticlines and synclines is called Synclinorium.
o Open Fold—If the angle between the limbs of a fold is obtuse, the fold is called Open Fold.
o Closed Fold—If the angle between the limbs of a fold is acute, it is called Closed Fold.
(B) Fault: Fault is a rupture and fracture of rocks strata due to strain. Faults have also been defined as a surface along which a rock-body has broken and been displaced.
– Some of the important faults are as under.
• Normal Fault (Tension): The faults having mainly vertical movement are called normal faults. A normal faults results in a seep, straight cliff like feature.
• Reverse Fault (Compression): One side of the fault moves upward vertically in comparison to the other side.
• Strike-slip fault: A strike-slip fault is a fault on which the two blocks slide past one another. These faults are identified as either right-lateral or left lateral depending on whether the displacement of the far block is to the right or the left when viewed from either side. The San Andreas Fault in California is an example of a right lateral fault.
Strike-slip faults are either right-lateral or left-lateral. That means someone standing near the fault trace and looking across it would see the far side move to the right or to the left, respectively. The one in the picture is left-lateral.
Various types of landforms are being produced by faults:
• Rift Valley or Graben: When a block between two normal faults is depressed, the valley formed in the faults is known as Rift Valley or Graben.
• Horst or Block Mountain: When a block between two normal faults is raised up, the raised block with its plateau like surface and steep sloppy edge, is known as Block Mountain or an Horst
• Drag: When there is a movement in a fault, the rocks get bent. This bending gives direction to the movement. This bending of the rocks is called Drag.
Sudden Forces and Movement is caused by sudden Endo-genetic forces coming deep within the earth resulting sudden and rapid events with massive destructions at and below the earth's surface. Such events like volcanic eruptions and earthquakes are called 'Extreme Events' which becomes disastrous when they occur in densely populated localities. These forces work very quickly and their results are seen within minutes.
Geologically these forces are termed as constructive forces as these create certain relief features on the earth's surface.
For example, volcanic eruptions result in the formation of volcanic cones and mountains while fissure flows of lavas form extensive lava plateau and lava plains. Earthquakes create faults, fractures, lakes etc.
Formed when molten magma in the earth's interior escapes through the crust by vents and fissures in the crust, accompanied by gases (like Hydrogen Sulphide, Sulphur Dioxide, Hydrogen Chloride, Carbon Dioxide), steam and pyroclastic materials. Over 1300 volcanoes exist on the earth out of which about 600 are active.
Causes of Volcanism:
• It is closely connected with crustal disturbances, particularly where there are zones of weakness due to deep faulting or mountain folding.
• Increasing temperature with increasing depth below the earth's crust (1° per 32 km) where the interior of the earth can be expected to be in a semi-molten state, comprising solid, liquid and gaseous materials, collectively termed as Magma.
• Origins of gases and water vapour due to heating of water underground.
• Ascent of Magma forced by enormous volume of gases and water vapour.
• Movement and splitting of the major and minor plates of the earth – most of the active volcanoes are found along the plate margins (mid-oceanic ridges and the ocean trenches (Benioff Zone or Ring of Fire).
• The magma is heavily charged with gases such as carbon dioxide, sulphurated hydrogen and small proportions of nitrogen, chlorine and other volatile substances. The gases and vapour increases the mobility and explosiveness of the lavas which are emitted through the orifice or vent of a volcano during a volcanic eruption.
There are two types of lavas:
|Basic Lava Volcano
|Acidic Lava Volcano
|· Fluid lava flow covers larger areas gently-sloping volcano shield volcano
|· Less fluid lava, moves very slowly solidifies quickly a steep-coned volcano
|· E.g. Island of Hawaii, regarded as a single shield volcano with 3 active peaks Maua kea, Mauna Loa, Kilauea
|· Most common composite volcano (alternate layers of hardened lava, ash & cinder). E.g. Mt Mayon, Mt Merapi, Mt Fuji, Mt Etna, Vesuvius
Types of Volcanic Eruptions
Classification of Volcanoes on the basis of Periodicity:
– Active Volcanoes: When volcanic materials like lava, gases, ash, cinder, pumice etc. are ejected constantly from the vent. Most of the active volcanoes are found in the Circum-Pacific Belt which is known as the 'Ring of Fire'.
• A few examples of active volcanoes are: Etna and Visuvius, Mount Pelee (Martinique), Mount Karmai (Alaska), Mount Saint Helens, Nevado Del Ru'z (Columbia), Mount Unzen (Japan), Mount Pinatubo (Philippines), Mount Redoubt (Alaska) and Mount Mayon (Philippines).
• The Stromboli volcano emits so much fire and incandescent gases that it is known as 'the Light House of the Mediterranean Sea'.
– Dormant Volcanoes: Those that have been known to erupt and show signs of possible eruption in the future. These are not extinct. For example: The Vesuvius erupted in 79 AD, 1631, 1803, 1872, 1906, 1927, 1928, 1929.
• Violent eruptions of dormant volcanoes are generally preceded and accompanied by earthquakes, some of which have been very destructive. Example Mt. Kilimanjaro.
– Extinct Volcanoes: A volcano that was active in the geological past and no longer has any active vulcanicity. The Crater is filled with water.
• For example: St. Arthur's Sea (Edinburgh) and the numerous Crater Lakes in the Andes and Rockies Mountains.
• Some of the volcanoes that are today dormant may become active. For example: Monte Somma which erupted 700 years back are now considered extinct by the inhabitants.
Volcanic Belts of the World:
a) The Circum Pacific Belt:
• Due to subduction of the Pacific plate below the Asiatic plate, the large number of volcanic eruptions are found circling Pacific Ocean known as Ring of Fire, which extends through the Andes of South America, Central America, Mexico, the Cascade Mountains of Western United States, the Aleutian Islands, Kamchatka, the Kuril Isles, Japan, the Philippines, Celebes, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia and New Zealand where about 80 active volcanoes are found.
• The Circum-Pacific belt meets the mid- continental belt in the East Indies. This belt is characterised by high volcanic cones and volcanic mountains.
• The volcanoes of the Aleutian Island, Hawaii Island and Japan are found in Chains.
• Cotapaxi is the highest volcanic mountain (6035m) in the world. Other important volcanoes found in this belt are Fuziyama, Shasta, Rainer and Hood. Volcanic eruptions occur in this belt because of the subduction of the Pacific plate below the Asiatic plate.
b) The Mid-Continental Belt:
• Having various volcanoes of the Alpine Mountain Chain, Mediterranean Sea (Stromboli, Vesuvius, Etna etc.), volcanoes of the Aegean Sea, Mt. Ararat, Elburz and Hindukush. There are several volcanic free zones found along the Alps and the Himalayas, come under this belt. Kilimanjaro, Elgon, Birunga and Rungwe etc. are the volcanoes found in the Rift Valleys of Africa.
• In the region where the boundaries of Persia, Afghanistan, and Baluchistan meet, there are several volcanic cones of large size, and one or two of them emit steam and other gases. This region has also a few extinct volcanoes.
c) The Mid Atlantic Belt:
• It includes the volcanoes of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge which are associated with the Atlantic Ocean and are located either on swells or ridges rising from the sea floor or on or near the edge of the continent where it slopes abruptly into the deep oceanic basins.
• The volcanoes formed along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge actually represent the splitting zone of the American plate moving towards west and the Eurasian plate moving towards east representing the zones of crystal movement.
• In the splitting zone there is constant upwelling of Magma hence known as crustal weakness.
• Volcanoes in this belt are generally of fissure-eruption type such as Volcanoes of Lesser Antilles, Azores, and St. Helens etc.
About five percent of volcanoes are not near the margins of tectonic plates. They are over especially hot places in the Earth's interior called HOT SPOTS.
HOT SPOTS are created by mantle plumes – hot currents that rise all the way from the core through the mantle. When mantle plume come up under the crust, they burn their way through to become hot-spot volcanoes.
Famous hot-spot volcanoes include the Hawaiian island volcanoes and Réunion Island in the Indian Ocean.
Hot-spot volcanoes ooze runny lava that spreads out to create shield volcanoes. Lava from hot-spot volcanoes also creates plateaux, such as the Massif Central in France. The geysers, hot springs and bubbling mud pots of Yellowstone National Park, USA, indicate a hot spot below.
Volcanoes impact over society:
• Explosive volcanic eruptions pose short-term and long-term hazards.
• Lava flows and lahars can wipe out the flanks of mountainsides.
• Volcanic ash can blanket the landscape for miles, and ash clouds can disrupt aircraft travel, such as the incident in 1989 when ash from Alaska's Redoubt volcano temporarily disabled a passenger airplane.
• On longer time scales, eruptions can inject massive quantities of ash into the atmosphere, greatly reducing the solar heating of the Earth and potentially interrupting the global food supply for several years.
• They provide valuable resource (gold, silver, iron, copper, tin, lead, zinc, molybdenum) – industrial material like building stones, sulphur, pumice, precious stones-diamonds, gems, ruby.
• Climatic change – At the occurrence of Pinatubo volcano in 1991, the global temperature fell by about 0.5°C.
• It is a sudden release of energy from the rocks of the earth's interior through weak zones over the earth's surface in the form of Kinetic Energy of wave motion causing vibrations (at times devastating) on the earth's surface.
• It may cause change in contours, change in river course, tsunamis (seismic waves created in sea by an earthquake), shoreline changes, spectacular glacial surges (as in Alaska), landslides, soil creeps, mass wasting etc.
• The depth of the Focus or Hypocenter generally varies from about 10 km to 700 km below the earth's surface.
Causes of Earthquakes:
• Volcanic Eruptions: Volcanic eruptions are the main cause of earthquake caused by gas explosions or the upcoming and fissuring of volcanic structures. For example: Karakota (1883), Cotopaxi, Chimborazo, Kilimanjaro, Fujiyama etc.
• Faulting (Displacement of Rocks): Earthquakes occur when movement of earth takes place along a line of fracture (FAULT). Examples: San Andres Fault of California (Los Angeles) and Earthquakes of 1994 at Northridge, California.
• Plate Tectonics: The 6 major and 9 minor plates of the earth crust are constantly moving at different rates. The boundaries of these plates are the primary location of earthquakes, example: the Ring of Fire. Shallow focus earthquakes occur on the Oceanic Ridges and in the Oceanic Trenches, deep focus earthquakes occur.
• Anthropogenic Factors (Human's over Integration with Nature): Extraction of minerals and the dams built on time to time disturbing the earth's balance – Marathon Dam (Greece) – 1929, Koyna (Maharashtra 1962), Hoover Dam (1935), Mangla Dam (Pakistan), Kariba Dam (Zambia), Manic Dam (Canada), Kurobe Dam (Japan).
Facts about earthquakes:
• Focus or hypocenter of the earthquakes is always within the mantle.
• The depth of the earthquake generally varies from depth about 10 to 700 km below the surface of earth. The earthquakes on the ocean ridges originate from a depth of 70 km
• The vertical point above the focus, where the earthquakes waves (seismic waves) reach the surface is termed as the epicenter, around which lines of equal seismic intensity may be drawn (isoseismic lines).
• The waves generated by an earthquake are recorded on a seismograph or seismometer.
• A massive 8.8 earthquake in Chile moved the city of Concepcion 10 feet to the west on February 27, 2010. This quake also shortened Earth's day and slightly changed the rotation of the planet.
• Parkfield, California, is known as "The Earthquake Capital of the World" and has a bridge that spans two tectonic plates.
• More earthquakes happen in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere.
Magnitude of Earthquakes:
• The magnitude of earthquakes is most commonly assessed by the Richer Scale – designed by Charles F. Richter in 1935 and then modified in 1965 by Richter and Beno Gutenberg.
• The Richer Scale is related to the energy released at the earthquakes centre.
• A quake is considered major when it registers more than 7.0 on the moment magnitude scale. A magnitude of 3.0 or lower is nearly imperceptible.
• The scale has neither a fixed maximum nor a fixed minimum, but earthquakes rated as high as 8.4 on Richter Scale have been measured so far.
• The earthquakes of a magnitude of 2 are the smallest normally detected by human senses but instrument can detect as small as-3 on the scale.
• The Richter Scale is open ended and logarithmic, i.e. each whole number on the scale represents a 10-folds increase in the measured amplitude. Translated into energy, each whole number demonstrates 31.5 more energy than a 2, and 992 times more energy than a 1.
• The moment magnitude scale (MMS) replaced the 1930s-era Richter scale in the 1970s as the method of measuring the size of earthquakes in terms of energy released.
Earthquake Forecasting: Very little success has been achieved about the prediction of earthquakes.
• The Chinese on the basis of animal – behavior made certain accurate predictions. In 1975, the Chinese successfully predicted a major earthquake at Haicheng. But in 1976 there was complete destruction in the Tangshan earthquakes in which 2.5 lakh people died.
• The FDL method makes use of Fibonacci, Dual and Lucas numbers and has shown considerable success in predicting earthquake events locally as well as globally.
• The connection between past earthquakes and future earthquakes based on FDL numbers has also been reported with sample earthquakes since 1900. Using clustering methods it has been shown that significant earthquakes (>6.5R) can be predicted with very good accuracy window (+-1 day).
World Distribution of Major Earthquakes:
• The world distribution or earthquakes coincides very closely with that of volcanoes. Regions of greatest seismicity are Circum-Pacific areas, with the epicenters and the most frequent occurrences along the Pacific Ring of Fire.
a) Circum Pacific Belt or Ring of Fire surrounding the Pacific Ocean. It is a junction of continental and oceanic margins; it is a zone of young folded mountains; it is a zone of active volcanoes thus this belt accounts for the 65 per cent of the total earthquakes of the world.
b) Mid-Continental Belt representing Alpine-Himalayan chains of Eurasia and northern Africa and epicenters of east African fault zone. This belt represents the collision or subduction zones of continental plates. About 21 per cent of the total seismic events occur in this belt.
c) Mid-Atlantic Belt representing the earthquakes located along the mid-Atlantic Ridge and its offshoots. This belt records moderate and shallow focus earthquakes which are essentially caused due to creation of transform faults and fractures because of divergent movement of plates.
d) Other Areas: These include Northern Africa and Rift Valley areas of Red Sea and Dead Sea. In addition to these, the ocean ridges are also active earthquake zones.
Earthquakes in India:
The Indian subcontinent is divided into five seismic zones with respect to severity of the earthquakes. The zone classification has been done by the geologist and scientists as early as 1956 when a 3-Seismic Mapping Zone (Severe, Light and Minor Hazard) of India was produced.
• The Bureau of Indian Standard is the official agency for publishing the seismic hazard maps and codes. It has brought out versions of seismic zoning map: a six zone map in 1962, a seven zone map in 1966, and a five zone map 1970/1984.
• The Five Zonal map was created based on the values of maximum MM (Modified Mercalli) intensities recorded in various parts of the country, in historic times
I. Zone V – Earthquakes with magnitudes exceeding 7.0 on Richter Scale have been kept in zone V where country's most powerful shock having intensities higher than IX occurs. The IS code assigns zone factor of 0.36 for Zone 5.
This region included the Andaman & Nicobar Island, all of North-Eastern India, Parts of North-Western Bihar, Eastern Section of Uttranchal, The Kangra Valley in Himachal Pradesh, Vicinity of Srinagar in Jammu & Kashmirand the Rann of Kutchh in Gujarat.
II. Zone-IV covers remaining parts of Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh, Union Territory of Delhi, Sikkim, northern parts of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal, parts of Gujarat and small portions of Maharashtra near the west coast and Rajasthan.
It is known as the High Damage Risk Zone that suffers earthquakes of intensity MSK (Medvedev-Sponheuer-Karnik) VIII. The IS code assigns zone factor of 0.24 for Zone 4.
III. Zone-III comprises of Kerala, Goa, Lakshadweep islands, and remaining parts of Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat and West Bengal, parts of Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
This zone is classified as Moderate Damage Risk Zone which is liable to MSK VII intensities. The IS code assigns zone factor of 0.16 for Zone 3.
IV. Zone-II covers remaining parts of the country.
Further, as part of pre-disaster preparedness measure, Government of India has also completed seismic micro-zonation studies of some of the major cities in the country such as, Jabalpur, Guwahati, Bangalore, greater Bharuch in Gujarat, Jammu in J & K, Shillong in Meghalaya, Chennai in Tamilnadu and sikkim state.
These studies involving preparation of geological, geomorphological and land use maps followed by drilling, geological logging, standard penetration test and geophysical studies to demarcate the zones of least to most damage prone areas within the urban areas helps the respective town and country planning agencies to formulate perspective planning within the overall earthquake impact minimization efforts.
Some contemporary facts related to Earthquakes in India:
• In India, 22 states are prone to earthquakes of various intensities like severe, high, moderate and low, and urban explosion and densely populated cities with high-rise buildings makes the quake scenario worse.
• India is working on an ambitious project with scientist, geophysicists and seismologists of 27 countries to develop an early warning system for prediction of earthquake.
• Before an earthquake, some chemical changes under the earth's surface and some physical displacements on the surface occur which will be studied by deep bore wells filled with sensors and other equipments placed in all seismically active regions in the country to sense these changes.
• India is also planning to launch a satellite by 2019 to track the changes that take place on earth's surface before the tremor which will send images of surface displacement up to the accuracy of few centimeters.
• India has been conducting experiments in the Koyna river valley in the Western Ghats in Maharashtra.


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Google Analytics is a free enterprise-class digital marketing analytics solution that gives you rich insights into your website traffic and marketing effectiveness. Analytics is a hosted service that allows you to analyze your traffic data to better learn how customers are using your site. With Google Analytics, you're more prepared to write better-targeted ads, strengthen your marketing initiatives and create higher converting websites. The primary benefits of Google Analytics are outlined below:
Syncing Analytics to your Google Adwords campaigns allows you to track sales and conversions by defining funnels and goal values. ROI tracking is particularly useful for identifying which keywords, and ad creative convert the best for your PPC campaigns. Analytics can also track display (CPM), contextual (CPC), mobile and TV ad placements to help you maximize return on your ad spend.
Understand visitor intent, find out what your customers are really looking for and speed up time to conversion for your site and applications with Analytics visualization tools (graphs, charts and downloadable Excel files). Find out whether your site usage metrics under perform or outperform those of your industry. Opt-in benchmarking compares your key metrics against aggregate performance metrics while preserving the confidentiality of your data in a secure web-based environment.
If you'd like to ensure that your Google Analytics account is configured correctly for Cross Channel ROI tracking One Net Marketing provides expert level coaching and Analytics setup services that tie directly into our online marketing programs. Click here for more info.
Analytics provides an intuitive drag and drop report builder that allows you to create customized reports across multiple dimensions and metrics. Standard reports are also available for advertisers will less sophisticated reporting needs. All reports are saved and readily available via a custom Dashboard that you can email to others. Google Analytics can even be setup to monitor your reports and automatically alert you of significant changes in data patterns. This feature is particularly useful for monitoring new ad campaigns into uncharted content or keyword placements to ensure your ad spend is delivering a positive ROI. You can also set up custom alerts to notify you when specific thresholds such as conversion goals and traffic levels are reached.
Facebook Insights offers digital marketing analytics data for your Facebook pages to better understand your fans and their behaviour. Insights is visible only by page administrators and can be used to analyze metrics and trends such as likes, page views, impressions, daily active users, mentions and referrals. You can also gather demographic data on your fans and page visitors.
The Insights interface is segmented into two main sections; User Insights and Interactions.
The User Insights area provides data related to your users/fans. Metrics include; total likes, daily active users, new likes and unlikes, like sources, demographics, page views, unique page views, tab views, external referrers and media consumption (photos & videos).
The Interactions Insights is geared towards engagement and your Facebook posts. This area displays information pertaining to story feedback which includes; post likes, post comments and impressions per post in addition to daily activity which includes; mentions, discussions, reviews, wall posts and video posts.
All the data above can be downloaded in .csv format for easy import into Excel. Here at One Net Marketing we use the above data to populate weekly dashboard reports for our clients to identify key trends, acquisition costs and engagement metrics for our social campaigns. It's recommended that you pay close attention to your Interactions Insights as this data is directly related to customers/users engagement with your brand.
Twitter Analytics is currently in alpha and there is not definitive date for when it will be rolled out to the general user base. Nevertheless, we have some insights that we wanted to share to better prepare you when the Analytics tools deploys publically.
Twitter Analytics will leverage algorithms to display user engagement data such Tweet distribution, network influencers, and more. The emphasis of Twitter Analytics is on real-time stats that can be leveraged to adjust social tactics on the fly.
This is truly a break-through for interactive marketers who have been salivating for such real-time insight to help maintain continuity and top-of mind with followers and customers alike.
In the screen shot below, you can see how some of the above metrics are graphed and displayed. A bar graph displays your impressions, engagements and engagement rate for a specified date range.
Twitter Analytics is currently available to a limited number of US accounts. Being a Canadian online marketing agency, we don't yet have access to Twitter Analytics. Most of the information above was aggregated from third party sources such as Mashable.com and TechCrunch. We will update this tool description as soon as we gain access and conduct a more thorough review. In the meantime please check out the Social Media tools section to see how you can monitor your Twitter campaigns via third party applications that connect directly with Twitter's API.
Developed by Yoast.com, Google Analytics for WordPress is a great Analytics extension that allows you to analyze WordPress-specific metadata such related to author(s), category, post type, logged in users, publication year, links and tags. You cannot be generated or view this level of data from your Google Analytics interface. Here's a great video by the developers that explains everything from API authentication to the customization of and visualization of metadata from your WordPress site/blog.
YouTube Insight is a self-service analytics and reporting tool that enables anyone with a YouTube account to view detailed statistics about the audience for the videos that they upload to YouTube.com.
Metrics offered by YouTube insights included video views and popularity, demographics, engagement, discovery and audience attention. Each metric is broken down below.
Examine both an interactive graphical trend line and a heat map of where video views are coming from. You can adjust the period of time display and the continent, country, or even US state.
See the age and gender of your audience. You can adjust time and geographical data to explore how your audience differs before, during, or after specific initiative or in specific regions.
Observe how many times viewer's rate, favorite, or comment on your videos.
Understand how people discovered your video. See specifically which search terms on YouTube or Google led the user to your video, which related videos led to your discovery, or which websites embed your videos.
The "Hot Spot" feature tells you which parts of your video are hot and which are cold by looking at bounce and rewind rate to videos of a similar length. At any time point in the video, you can see if more or less viewers are dropping off than on average.
The above data can be viewed for individual videos, or aggregated and analyzed from a channel perspective to better understand your audience, analyze marketing your efforts (both on and off YouTube) and determine how best to optimize your video campaigns.
YouTube Trends was created to track "viral video vibrations" and help you understand "what's popping around you". At least that's what their catchy little video claims:
YouTube Trends is like a blog generated by robots. By robots we're referring to algorithms that analyze millions of videos and user interactions across YouTube, and other major video sites, to deliver the hottest trending video topics online.
Inside YouTube Trends is a daily feature titled '4 at 4' that displays 4 of the most popular videos are posted at 4am and then again at 4pm. The 'Trending Videos' section contains videos "embedded by tastemakers around the web that are on the verge of going viral".
One of the most interesting features is the Trends Dashboard that allows you to compare video trends by region (country or state) and age demographics. In the screen shot below you can see the "most shared" videos amongst females, 25-34 years old from Canada, Sweden and Japan. You can also sort by "most viewed".
Data junkies should love the new billboard charts, analytics and graphs promised by the Google Trends blogging team. At the time of writing Google Trends was only 1 day old and the blog was fairly bare bones. That said, we do think that Google is making a serious effort to surface video data to help marketers, and video producers alike, remove the guess work of creating "viral video campaigns".
By aggregating trending videos, data and editorial insight, marketers can study hot topics by region and demographic to lessen the risk of producing video content that is passé, over-done or not outside the social jet stream.
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The end of 2014? Really we are here already? Not sure how I feel about that.
When I went to visit Gideon's grave site, I found myself honing in on the "2014." Its this time of year that we look back, then look forward. Its this time of year we take inventory of all that last year held, as we look forward to the possibilities of what is to come. This past year was a big year for our family and I think a part of me will always stay there.
I remember ringing in 2014, wondering how on earth I was going to survive the months to come. When you know that most impactful day of your life is approaching its hard to look forward to it coming. I remember feeling timid as I entered into 2014, like "I know I have to keep walking, but I'm not really sure I want to." But walk through we did, and Gideon came and touched our lives forever.
When I weep for him its more than missing him, its tears of realization that life on this earth will never ever be the same. And so then, now knowing this new truth…how does one welcome in a new year? A new year that once upon a time focused on the promises of joyful days to come, now seems to realistically remind me that certain pains will never go away. How do I bring in a new year now? Well…maybe I don't.
Tomorrow, next year, I don't know what they hold. I know what I need to do today, but I've learned all too clearly that I have no idea what on earth I am going to need to do tomorrow. What I do know, what I can celebrate…is that last year God showed up. Just like He always does, He gave me moments to celebrate and to recognize His presence. So now, instead of "ringing in a new year," I think I'm going to instead, bring praise for the last one.
-In 2014 my family got to meet Gideon, we got to hold him, kiss him, and (if even for a moment) he was ours.
-In 2014 my marriage became stronger than it ever has before. I got to live every day seeing my husband for the knight in shining armor he truly is.
-Last year my daughter turned 7, and a beautiful, amazing, smart, and fun young lady she truly is.
-My first son turned 5 and it was as if over night he grew up, no longer toddling around our house he became a strong, smart and very talented young man.
-My second son turned 3 and his smiling eyes continue to bring endless joy to our family. He brings a calm sense of joy and he is relentlessly helpful.
-We added a little doggy addition to our family and (ironically enough even after some nibbles and house accidents) we have been thankful for her everyday.
-God brought new friendships into our lives and brought close family that has been afar through the years. Gideon unified us all and we saw the hands and feet of Christ working in our lives everyday. He brought you.
-God abundantly blessed our "From Fear to Faith" Bible study. Those women have forever changed my life and God showed up and blew us away every single time we met…without exception.
-A new pregnancy…I pause here as even still the thought brings about both pain and happiness. Though the road has been rocky and will continue to be so, we praise God everyday for this little life inside of me. These last couple of days have been excitedly blessed as we got to tell our family what the baby is.
And most finally we are excited to end our 2014 by telling you too! I preface this video by saying it most assuredly reveals some of the vast and diverse silliness of our little family. I share it with you knowing full well you are getting an all exposed glimpse into us 🙂
Join us in celebrating 2014 and the little Baby Furlough 5 (BF5) thats in the works in Mommy's belly. Happy New Year!


text: Press Release Out Now 21st March 2013 by UKSDC Admin Calling all competitors!! The Foundation Society has just submitted a Press Release containing vital information relating to the UKSDC 2013 Final this weekend. You can download it from here: UKSDC 2013 Press Release. Share this:Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)Click to share on Google+ (Opens in new window)Like this:Like Loading... Related The countdown has begun Ingenious Grant UKSDC Admin Related articles International Space Settlement Design Competition…UntitledNASA team announcementWatch this space!2014-15 Finalists


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Find cheap flight tickets to Marsa Allam and other cities in Egypt using Kelkoo's advanced travel search. Kelkoo Travel searches hundreds of airlines to find the best fare for your trip to Marsa Allam. We have now included more top airlines, Egyptair, Flybe, British Airways, Air Berlin and Lufthansa to our search. You can find airfares to Marsa Allam from £523 cheap offers prices. You can also choose from the different airports your departure and destination to suit your budget and travel time. We bring every aspect of your journey together as you can not only choose your flights, but also look for hotels and car hire at Kelkoo Travel! ... View more - View less
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with Flybe then Aer Lingus then Air Berlin
via Dublin and Dusseldorf International in 50:20
* Displayed airfares are based on historical data for one adult roundtrip cheap flight tickets. Our best offers come from real users that visit Kelkoo to search for low fares by destination and find the best deals on airline tickets. Prices are subject to change and cannot be guaranteed at the time of booking


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- 1984
Samuel Wagstaff, Jr., American, 1921 - 1987, sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1984.
Not currently on view
Der Spiegel. Fotogram Nr. 1
László Moholy-Nagy (American, born Hungary, 1895 - 1946)
Germany (Place Created)
negative 1922–1923; print about 1928
Gelatin silver print
66.8 × 92.1 cm (26 5/16 × 36 1/4 in.)
© 2014 Estate of László Moholy-Nagy / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York
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László Moholy-Nagy created this abstract photogram by placing objects on light-sensitive paper and exposing them to light without the use of a camera. The title of this photogram refers to a mirror; the shapes in this composition may have been made using a circular looking glass and its reflections. The large size of the print, approximately two by three feet, suggests that Moholy-Nagy used an earlier photogram as a negative to make this enlargement, thus this image is a "mirror," or reversal of the earlier composition. The shadow effects of the circular and angular forms energize the space, suggesting movement.
Samuel Wagstaff, Jr., American, 1921 - 1987, sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1984.
Ware, Katherine.In Focus: Laszlo Moholy-Nagy. Photographs from the J. Paul Getty Museum (Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Museum, 1995), p. 70-71, plate 37, ill.


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18 Now Alma did not grant unto him the office of being high priest over the church, but he retained the office of high priest unto himself; but he delivered the judgment-seat unto Nephihah.
19 And this he did that he himself might go forth among his people, or among the people of Nephi, that he might preach the word of God unto them, to stir them up in remembrance of their duty, and that he might pull down, by the word of God, all the pride and craftiness and all the contentions which were among his people, seeing no way that he might reclaim them save it were in bearing down in pure testimony against them.
Delegation begins with self-awareness and self-discipline. As long as we cling to the illusion that we can do it all, we will struggle with handing off responsibilities to other people.
Alma saw a need in the church which would require more of his time and energy. As he considered all of the demands on his time, he recognized that he could not meet this new set of demands while functioning effectively as chief judge. Something had to give. He concluded that preaching to the church was a higher priority than continuing to govern, and so he transferred his political office to a suitable successor.
Today, as I consider the many demands on my time and energy, I will follow the example of Alma the Younger:
1. Be realistic about what is needed. Don't try to wish away the problems or underestimate the effort required to address them.
2. Understand and accept my own limitations.
3. Prioritize, so that I am able to devote my time to those areas where I uniquely add the most value.
4. Identify other people who can realistically meet the other demands and enlist their help.


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We create immersive digital landscapes decorated with rich layers of original, striking design. By building cutting edge, user-friendly responsive websites around the essence and ethos of your brand, we drive them visually and intellectually into the minds of a worldwide audience.
We provide a fully integrated front and backend web design service, creative copywriting, SEO, on-going support and hosting. Our websites are intelligent, robust, and built with an expert eye for immersive design.


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It's always a pleasure to watch professional gamers at their craft as their fingers dance deftly to work miracles onscreen as bullets fly and spells get slinged willy nilly on virtual battlefields. If you're in Malaysia this December, you're in for a treat as the prestigious ROG Masters International Grand Finals will be taking place at the Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre from December 9 to 10 2017.
The ROG Masters International Grand Finals are the culmination of a gauntlet of forty Regional Qualifiers and four Regional Finals, with the top six best teams from from China, EMEA, APAC and the Americas gathering in Kuala Lumpur to duke it out on DOTA 2 and CS:GO to determine the ultimate champion along with a share of the massive US$470,000 prize pool.
Currently, the featured team line-up will be:
wordpress 400;">DOTA 2
Team Empire
Penta Sports
WG Unity
Optic Gaming
Gambit Gaming
5Power Club
Grayhound Gaming
Watching the world's best DOTA 2 and CS: GO players at work will be something for the ages. The best part? You get to watch it up close and personal as participation as a member of the audience is absolutely free. If you preregister beforehand, you'll also get a free goodie bag of swag and also be eligible for lucky draws too. To sign up, swing by the link here:https://www.rog-masters.com/en/statics/event#tickets
For more info on what the prestigious ROG Masters competition is about: https://www.rog-masters.com


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Welcome to the ALZinfo.org community
Welcome to the ALZinfo.org community.
We are building our community and our website around you.
Here are some important links that you may find useful:
If you are caring for someone with Alzheimer's Click here
If you would like to receive our Preserving Your Memory Magazine Click here
If you would like to find support and chat with others in the Alzheimer's community Facebook: Alzheimer's and Dementia Support Group
At anytime, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, if you would like to contact us, please Click here
Click Here to Help Fight Alzheimer's Disease


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Asus P867 WS Revolution main features :
- LGA1155 socket for Intel 2nd gen likes i3, i5 or i7
- Intel P67(B3)/NVIDIA NF200 Chipset
- Nvidia SLI, 3-Way SLI, and AMD CrossFireX, AMD Quad-GPU CrossFireX supported
- USB 3.0, Quad SATA 6Gb/s with dual RAID supported
- 100% High quality and Japan-made ultra long life solid state capacitors
- ASUS DIGI+ VRM with 16+2 Phase Power Design
Asus P867 WS Revolution Motherboard Layout / Design
- Intel Socket 1155 motherboard
- Turbo Boost Technology 2
- 4 x DIMM memory slots up to DDR3 2133(O.C.), Dual Channel, 32GB Max
- 2 x PCIe 2.0 x16 (x16, x8) and 2 x PCIe 2.0 x16 (x8 mode)
- 2 x SATA 6Gb/s port(s), gray from Intel P67(B3) chipset
- 2 x SATA 6Gb/s port(s), navy blue from Marvell PCIe 9128 controller
- 4 x SATA 3Gb/s port(s), blue
- Realtek ALC889 8-Channel High Definition Audio CODEC
- NEC USB 3.0 controller (2 x USB 3.0)
- ATX Form Factor
1 x PS/2 keyboard/mouse combo port(s)
1 x IEEE 1394a
2 x LAN (RJ45) port(s)
2 x USB 3.0
8 x USB 2.0
1 x Coaxial S/PDIF out
1 x Optical S/PDIF out
6 x Audio jack(s)
Asus P867 WS Revolution has won several award from many website that has reviewed this motherboard, so you can trust it that P867 WS Revolution is awesome motherboard for your Intel Sandy Bridge processors. If you want to make some over-clocking with your Intel K series, Asus P867 WS Revolution has give more OC features for you, you can found Auto Tuning, TurboV, or also TPU switch (power saving features) to get more performance and raising your processor clock speed with power saving monitoring. I like it so much.


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A Year of Ravens: A Novel of Boudica's Rebellion
This is an epic novel based before, during and after the time period of Boudica's uprising against the Romans. It is an incredibly imaginative and moving tale and we are introduced to many vivid characters. What makes this novel even more impressive is that it is separated into multiple parts, each one written by a different author. These are separate stories and yet they weave together to create one vast perspective of Boudica's rebellion. It is truly amazing what these talented authors have been able to achieve. For reviewing purposes I have chosen to address the sections one at a time.
Part One, "The Queen", by Stephanie Dray
In the very first chapter of the novel I expected the queen to be Boudica herself but instead we are introduced to Cartimandua, Queen of the Brigantes. In a short period of time the author is able to bring Cartimandua to living, breathing, fire-spouting life. She is portrayed as a strong woman who is fiercely loyal to her people and who would sacrifice anything for them–including her own reputation. She is considered treacherous for allying with the Romans but Stephanie Dray shows us the truth of Cartimandua: she was only doing what she thought to be the best thing for her tribe.
Part Two, "The Slave", by Ruth Downie
Next we are introduced to Ria, the bastard daughter of Boudica's recently deceased husband, the King of the Iceni tribe. Her life is very difficult and she feels a profound sense of loneliness, not only as an orphan but also as a slave. Ria's opinion of Boudica is very conflicted; she both hates and admires the woman who scorned her mother and kept the love of her father from her.
It is through Ria's eyes that we see the early stirrings of the Iceni rebellion and witness first hand how Boudica suffered at the hands of the Romans. The Iceni tribe are a proud people who have been trodden upon for far too long and Boudica is portrayed as their spirited leader who gave them the motivation that they needed.
Part Three, "The Tribune", by Russell Whitfield
I found this section to be the most difficult to read. Not only was it full of brutality, told from the perspective of a Roman officer with a legion of eighty men, but it was also filled with foul language and sexual insinuation. I believe the author was trying to create a sense of what it was like to be in the Roman Legions; a soldier's world where butchery and rapine were shown to be rampant. It came across as incredibly harsh and at times even crude, especially when compared to the other parts of the novel. The story of Agricola and the bloody battles that he and his men fought stayed in the back of my mind throughout the remainder of the novel. It truly brought to life the savagery of the Roman occupation of Britain.
Part Four, "The Druid", by Vicky Alvear Shecter
This was the shortest section of the novel. Yorath is a nineteen year old Druid-in-training who survives the butchery of his people on the Isle of Mona (modern day Anglesey). This part of the novel gave me the best understanding of the natives of the land–the common folk, not the tribal leaders or warriors. The author portrays the Druids as the wise men of the realm that do not hold allegiance to any one tribe but are dedicated to the land itself. The Druids are respected by all and thus they are a threat to the Romans. However, their attack of the Druids on their holy Isle only infuriates the natives more and causes many to flock to Boudica's banner. With the loss of the Druids Boudica becomes the hope of the resistance.
Part Five, "The Son", by S.J.A. Turney
Andecarus was my favourite character of this novel. Son of an Iceni warrior and yet raised by Romans he is able to see both sides of the rebellion. Taken as a hostage after a previous rebellion, Andecarus was trained to fight by the Romans and served time in a legion. However he feels strong loyalty to his tribe also, even though they shun him after his return. He is truly a man with a foot in each world and therefore I found his perspective to be the most interesting. I found myself pitying him and the situation in which he finds himself: caught between loyalty to his tribe and the knowledge that the Romans will eventually defeat Boudica and her rebels. His unique intelligence of the Roman mindset should have caused him to be valued by the leaders of his tribe but instead they distrust him and consider him an outsider. He is the only one that can foresee the end that will come and yet he is ignored and considered cowardly. Eventually Andecarus must decide whether to stand and fight with his tribe or flee to the Romans. His decision proves that he was the bravest member of his tribe all along.
Part Six, "The Warrior", by Kate Quinn
I would have known this to be Kate Quinn's work even if it had not been titled. Her writing is pure brilliance and her characters jump to life from the page. She writes of Andecarus' father, Duro, a man I had come to dislike after his appearance in two of the previous chapters. However after reading this section I came to understand him. A revered warrior of the Iceni and Boudica's right-hand man, I came to respect him and the decisions that he made.
This part of the novel tells of the epic battle finale between Boudica's army and the Romans. It is vivid, brutal and shocking in it's descriptions but not at all distasteful–nobody can write quite like this author. I will admit that it was Kate Quinn's name that attracted my attention to this novel and as always I was not disappointed. This section of the novel is the most impressive and strikes at the very heart of the matter: why the Iceni did what they did. Through Duro's eyes the reader is able to see and appreciate what was inside the heart and mind of a true Iceni warrior. I was devastated by the end of this section of the novel and yet inspired too. To fight with such passion and pride for your homeland puts any Roman Legionary to shame, even if the Iceni did lose the war.
Part Seven, "The Daughters", by E. Knight
The final chapter of this book was incredibly moving. I enjoyed being able to go back in time and learn more about Boudica's daughters; what they went through and how they felt throughout the war. To be with them at the end was so very sad, I cried buckets (even though I knew what was coming). The author does a wonderful job with her characters and through the eyes of Boudica's daughters she gives Boudica the warrior's end that she deserves. To see it through their perspective instead of her own was even more heart-wrenching and I understand why the author chose to do this, even though it meant that Boudica's inner voice is never heard throughout the pages of this novel. This final chapter is dedicated to three very unique and yet equally strong women and I loved them all.
Epilogue by Stephanie Dray
I was so relieved to find this epilogue. I needed to see Cartimandua once last time before the end of the novel. The story came full circle by leaving the reader in the same place that we began. That's exactly how I felt after finishing this novel: the same, and yet inexplicably changed somehow. I knew the bare bones of Boudica's rebellion and I am grateful to these authors for using their incredible talent to flesh this story out for me and for everybody else who embarks on this novel. Please do, you won't regret it.
In true historical fiction there is always an author's note at the end and this novel was no exception. Each author has written one, which means the decisions behind each character are explained. I really appreciated this and it brought home just how much collaboration went into this work. This is the second novel written by multiple authors that I have read, the first being "A Day of Fire: A Novel of Pompeii" which has five of the same authors. I really hope there is another one coming!


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Air Pistol Shooter Henna Sidhu not just secured the gold in the Women 10m Air Pistol but additionally set another national record playing with Steyr Air Pistol at the 60th National shooting championships at the Shiv Chhatrapati sports complex in Balewadi on Wednesday, 23rd December, 2016.
People actually wonder, what makes her being such a consistent performer - Is it some hidden factor or that something extra involved in other than her excellent trigger pulling skills? YES, it could be the Steyr Air Pistol !
As it can be seen that she always prefer to go with Steyr Air Pistol & believe in the reliability and technology provided by this brand which works as a supporting partner for her while competing with the tough competition in various National & International championships.
Even coaches & shooting experts in India acknowledge the fact that letting her choose Steyr Pistol actually makes the key difference between Heena Sidhu and the other competitors.
Inspiring from Heena Sidhu & the other champion shooter of Air Pistol discipline in India such as Jeetu Rai, Shahzar Rizvi and many others who are also had code believer & member of Steyr technology's fan club, It is seen that young emerging air pistol shooters of India on district, state & national level are confidently choosing & learning to perform with Steyr Air Pistols and they are really delivering results.
Looking at the craze and confidence of target shooter on Steyr technology, Steyr itself has geared up & playing on the front foot by improving their air pistol models loaded with more hybrid features and Steyr Evo 10 launch is the perfect example of this technology upgrade.
This could be again the Steyr effect when Heena Sidhu, the Olympian who as of now holds the finals world record (203.8) in what is her pet event, scored 201.9 to surpass the previous record set by Malaika Goel (201.1) in 2013. She beat second-placed Yasha Singh (197.8) of Rajasthan by a huge margin of 4.1 points, giving an insight of her amazingness in the air pistol shooting category.
Results of the Women's 10m air pistol: 1. Heena Sidhu (ONGC) 201.9 (378), 2. Yasha Singh (Raj) 197.8 (380), 3. Yashaswini Singh (Har) 176.7 (380.0), 4. Muskan (Har) 167.4 (379.0) 5. Harshada Nithave (Mah) 132.8 (382.0), 6. Harveen Sarao (Pun) 115.1 (380), 7. Shreya Gawande (Mah) 91.9 (379.0), 8. Priyanka Susvirkar (Rlys) 72.9 (378.0).


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Mute Monday: Role Model
The King of Looney Tunes: the incomparable Charles M (Chuck) Jones. Nobody ripped pop culture better. Oh, you thought the best appropriation of Wagner's "Ride of the Valkyries" was in "Apocalypse Now?" nay, dear reader, nay. Grrrherherherhahaha!
R.I.P. CMJ September 21, 1912 - February 22, 2002.
Labels: cinema's fattest horse, kill the wabbit, smog


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A construction consultancy has announced its appointment to a
prestigious national panel by the Royal Institution of British
Architects (RIBA) last month (February). Michael Gerard, Managing
Director of Michael Gerard &Co (www.michael-gerard.co.uk) has been
selected for inclusion in the RIBA Panel of Adjudicators following a
recent review designed to maintain the highest standards of
adjudication for the architecture and construction industry.
Established in 1834, RIBA is the UK body for the architecture industry and provides training, guidance and technical services for in excess of 40,000 members. The Adjudication Panel is made up of around 90 adjudicators who are experts in their field, including architects, surveyors, engineers, construction consultants and construction lawyers. Many building and architectural contracts include clauses which specify that disputes should be referred to adjudication. In these cases, the RIBA is often the adjudicator nominating body and will put forward a relevant expert from the panel to act as an independent arbitrator.
Michael Gerard & Co are chartered building consultants and quantity surveyors who offer expert advice in the areas of construction law, quantum, programming, business recovery and insolvency support. Managing Director Michael, who is also a qualified barrister, is delighted to have been selected for the panel following a rigorous assessment procedure. "It is a real achievement to have been chosen from such a well qualified field," he comments. "The RIBA is such a prestigious organisation within the architecture and construction industry that it is an honour to have one of our directors on the panel."
In addition to serving on the RIBA panel, Michael is also a member of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators Panel of Adjudicators and is accredited by the Chartered Institute of Building. Michael Gerard &Co is based in the East Midlands.
Email: email@example.com


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Bucharest Tours
InfoHub.com offers some of the most out-of-the-ordinary Bucharest/Romania tours and vacations. Many of the Bucharest tour packages feature unique opportunities pertaining to Bucharest tourism, that you are not likely to find anywhere else. Browse through them and click on the tour package name to see the tour details. You can contact the travel supplier to: ask questions, order a free brochure, or inquire about availability with no obligations to purchase.
Romania Private Tour Guide 10% off.
High quality tours of Romania with exclusive features and cultural connections. Personal tour guide service for Romania. Best tour prices.
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The tour will take you the most important highlights of both countries in a journey blending history, art and architecture with the post-communist times of change.
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Sightseeing Tour of Bucharest, Romania
Partly on foot, this tour will reveal the most intriguing sides of this city from the cellars of the 14th century Princely Court to the Fin de Siecle villa architecture and park landscaping.
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This is a complete 9-day tour that combines the best of our country: Transylvania - medieval towns, Maramures - wooden churches and amazing landscapes, Moldova - the famous Painted Monasteries.
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How are you all doing today? Is the weather being kind to you or is it perfect crafting weather where you are?
I've been busy crafting today even though we have been blessed with a lovely day here.
You see, my daughter has finally agreed the design of her wedding invitations, so it'll be all systems go here later this week. Hence I've managed to get ahead with a couple of creations to post on here during the week.
Today's card is for the Freshly Made Sketches #220. It's a sketch challenge today and I have used it to make a sympathy card.
Here's my card
and here's the sketch
The flowers are stamped and fussy cut but they are a little on the large side, so only 3 fit on the card without overpowering it too much.
The sentiment was a little tricky to line up because masked portions of an old wooden stamp that reads in a single line 'With Deepest Sympathy' was used.
The black card is actually pearlescent which was difficult to capture in a photo although a few of the pearly sparkles did show up in this one.
The items used in this card are:
Stampendous embossing powder in Detail White Opaque
WOW embossing powders: Metallic Copper Sparkle, Metallic Brass Sparkle, Metallic Gold Sparkle
Flower stamp: Stamps by Chloe, Fabulous Shoe Collection
Sentiment stamp: Hero Arts wooden stamp called Deepest Sympathy.
Okay, that's all for today.
Thank you so much for stopping by and for all your lovely comments.


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Purchase this article with an account.
N. Ghaznawi, J. Solomon; Endothelial Cell Count After Phacoemulsification: Review of Resident Cases at a Teaching Institution. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2009;50(13):6111.
Download citation file:
© ARVO (1962-2015); The Authors (2016-present)
Purpose: :
To determine the correlation between phacoemulsification surgery performed by residents at various stages of training and post operative change in endothelial cell count at a teaching institution.
Methods: :
Endothelial cell counts (ECC) of 98 eyes of 77 patients who had undergone phacoemulsification surgery at one site, from July 2007 to June 2008 were determined using specular microscopy. (Specular Microscope ,Topcon SP-2000P; Topcon America Corp, Paramus, NJ) Only charts with available pre operative ECC available were included in the study. Post operative ECC were measured at least 1 month following phacoemulsification surgery. Fellow unoperated eyes were used as controls. Data was categorized based on month of surgery.
Results: :
Mean ECC of pre operative eyes was 2339. The mean post operative ECC was 1709. The difference between pre operative ECC and ECC of fellow unoperated eyes was not significant. The change in ECC of the fellow unoperated eye after phacoemulsification of the study eye was also not significant. Phacoemulsification surgery performed in August 2007 was associated with the greatest change in ECC: 33% decline. Phacoemulsification surgery performed in May 2008 was associated with the least post operative decline in ECC: 15% loss.
Conclusions: :
Phacoemulsification surgery is known to place the corneal endothelium under stress, with resultant endothelial cell loss. As the resident surgeon gains dexterity throughout the course of surgical training, damage to the corneal endothelium is also considerably less, as evidenced by this study. Possible implications of this study may influence patient selection as a function of stage of surgical experience. Additionally, endothelial cell loss may be used as a parameter where by resident physicians can judge their surgical progress.
This PDF is available to Subscribers Only


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7 mins walk from JR Takayama Station
Honjin Hiranoya Bekkan is found next to the Miya River. Friendly faces and warm hospitality greet you upon your arrival.For your evening dining pleasure, we serve authentic Japanese cuisine prepared with the freshest seasonal ingredients. Have your choice of either Japanese or Western-style dishes for breakfast.
* Above price is included Dinner and Breakfast
Facilities & Services
Internet connection : Wi-Fi service around the lobby area.
Entertainment facilities : Beauty treatment salon
Average room size : 17.0 sqm
1-5, Hon-machi, Takayama, Gifu


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User Summary
Backstreet Billiards is a pool game made for the Play Station system. It features a typical cue sports playing style focusing on fairly realistic physics alongside its cartoon style.
In story mode, the protagonist seeks to reclaim his father's cue stick. He must defeat a number of progressively more difficult opponents in turn to achieve this victory.