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Alternative Dispute Resolution in India
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Alternative Dispute Resolution in India-
By- Abhavya Rabra 2nd year Jagran Lakecity University, Bhopal
Mahatma Gandhi
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is a collection of processes used for the purpose of resolving conflict or disputes informally and confidentially. ADR provides alternatives to traditional processes, such as grievances and complaints; however, it does not displace those traditional processes. The ADR Office is a resource available to all CDC and ATSDR employees. The ADR Office is a resource when you need advice about how to deal directly with a concern, you are uncertain about taking a problem through other established channels, are not sure who to talk with about a problem or concern, want an informal, non escalating approach, need a fresh, impartial perspective, want to discuss strategies or possible options for resolving a concern and if you want to maintain the greatest possible flexibility in how to approach a concern or simply need a sounding board.
ADR is generally voluntary. However, at CDC and ATSDR managers and supervisors are strongly encouraged to participate in ADR processes when employees choose this mechanism for resolution of work place disputes. ADR empowers and enables the participating parties to develop and seek mutually acceptable solutions, which they choose to meet their needs. Generally, ADR uses a neutral third party to help the parties communicate, develop ideas and resolve the dispute.
Some reasons for using ADR are that it is faster, less costly, easier, less formality involved, less confrontational or adversarial, it encourages creativity and searching for practical solutions, it avoids the unpredictability involved when decisions are rendered as a result of the traditional dispute resolution mechanisms. The ADR process usually results in improved communications between disputing parties and is therefore better for ongoing relationships, increases workplace morale and can make you feel better about coming to work, results in participant satisfaction, solutions tend to be durable or long lasting since they have the "buy in" of all parties involved, publicity is avoided and most importantly, the parties retain control of the outcome. YOU HAVE NOTHING TO LOSE by using ADR since all statutory entitlements remain in tact.
Advantage of Alternate Dispute Resolution:
· It is less expensive.
· It is less time consuming.
· It is free from technicalities as in the case of conducting cases in law Courts.
· The parties are free to discuss their difference of opinion without any fear of disclosure of this fact before any law Courts.
· The last but not the least is the fact that parties are having the feeling that there is no losing or winning feeling among the parties by at the same time they are having the feeling that their grievance is redressed and the relationship between the parties is restored.
Legislative recognition of Alternative Dispute Redressal
The Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 brought about the establishment of Lok Adalat System for settlement of disputes cheaply and expeditiously and also in the spirit of compromise by give and take formula.
Section 30 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 encourages arbitrators, with the agreement of the parties, to use mediation, conciliation or other procedures at any time during the arbitration proceedings to encourage settlement.
Further still, the Civil Procedure Code (Amendment) Act, 1999 carries Section 89 which is designed to enable the courts to bring about a settlement of dispute outside the Court. As and when the Amendment comes to be enforced, the four methods listed in the section and known as court-ordered or court- annexed ADRs would become statutory alternatives to litigation for settlement of disputes and would be legally enforceable
It is now made obligatory for the Court to refer the dispute after issues are framed for settlement with the concurrence of the parties either by way of:
· Mediation
· Arbitration
· Conciliation,
· Judicial settlement including settlement through Lok Adalat, or
Where the parties fail to get their disputes settled through any of the Alternative Dispute Resolution methods, the suit would come back to proceed further in the Court it was filed.
Justice Committee Report (1989-90)
The Malimath Committee undertook a comprehensive review of the working of the court system, particularly all aspects of arrears and Law's delay and made various useful recommendations for reducing litigation and making justice readily accessible to the people at the minimum cost o time and money. It underlined the need for alternative dispute resolution mechanism such as mediation, conciliation, arbitration, Lok Adalat's etc. as a viable alternative to the conventional court litigation.
Contacts with the ADR Office are strictly confidential.
The CDC and ATSDR has a team of professionals with experience managing conflict, whether it occurs in the work place between organisations, or with other customers. The Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) team can help with problem solving or building communication skills to enhance individual or team performance.
Confidentiality is an essential feature of ADR processes. Confidentiality is generally maintaining private and secret: all discussions; the contents of documents disclosed that will not be used as evidence; and information provided during the ADR process. Maintaining confidentiality encourages meaningful participation and can promote good outcomes. Respecting confidentiality encourages a full and frank discussion between the parties about the issues in dispute and this can assist in the resolution or narrowing of the issues.
Unlike most hearings at the AAT, which are open to the public, ADR processes are held in private—only the parties and their representatives usually attend with the Conference Registrar.
In the course of an ADR process (particularly conciliations and mediations) the Conference Registrar may discuss matters in a private session with the parties. What is said in the course of those private sessions is kept confidential. The Conference Registrar has an ethical obligation not to disclose information obtained in the course of a private session unless clearly instructed to do so by a party or where disclosure is otherwise required by law.
Matters discussed during an ADR process vary widely but can include proposals and options to reach a settlement of the application; discussion of circumstances that have given rise to the application; calculations of possible entitlements; and case management issues to help prepare the application for hearing, for example exchange of names of treating medical practitioners.
What is said or done in the course of an ADR process at the AAT cannot be admitted as evidence in any hearing before the AAT (unless the parties agree) or in any other court or tribunal: s 34E of the AAT Act. For example, the terms of any settlement offer or concession made by either party in an ADR process would not be reported or admitted as evidence in a subsequent hearing and to do so would be considered as contempt and a breach of trust.
Evidence lodged by a party with the AAT that is discussed in the course of an ADR process is treated differently. Evidence (such as witness statements, medical reports, video surveillance footage and reports) forms part of the AAT file and is not treated confidentially simply because it was discussed at an ADR process. The parties may rely on that evidence at a hearing without seeking the agreement of the other party or parties.
Any written report provided to the parties following a case appraisal or neutral evaluation may be admitted into evidence during a hearing unless a party objects.
Information about procedural matters discussed at an ADR process, including any directions that are made or undertakings to do things, will be recorded and communicated within the AAT as part of our case management processes.
Where an application is settled at or following an ADR process, the AAT may make a decision in accordance with terms of agreement lodged by the parties: see section 34D and 42C of the AAT Act. The AAT's decision may be made available to a person who was not a party to the decision on request unless the decision is subject to a confidentiality order under s 35 of the AAT Act or another legislative requirement for confidentiality applies.
The AAT expects that parties will deal sensitively with confidential information disclosed to them in the course of an ADR process.
While the AAT Act does not specifically prohibit a party from disclosing to third parties anything said or done in the course of an ADR process, parties should be aware that there may be limitations on disclosing information obtained in AAT proceedings.
· Information cannot be disclosed if it is subject to a confidentiality order under s 35 of the AAT Act or another legislative requirement for confidentiality applies.
· Duties of confidentiality may arise in the context of someone receiving information which they know, or should know, is confidential. Parties may be able to pursue remedies for breach of confidence in relation to information received in an ADR process, if the information was communicated in circumstances where there was an obligation of confidence.
· A party that obtains a document provided under compulsion in an AAT proceeding must not use the document for any purpose other than that for which it was given unless:
o the document was received in evidence by the AAT in relation to the proceeding and the confidentiality of the document is not protected by an order under s 35 of the AAT Act or by another statutory provision; or
o the AAT gives the party leave to use the document for another purpose.
o This implied undertaking applies to documents lodged under s 37 of the AAT Act, documents lodged pursuant to a direction given by the AAT (for example, expert reports or witness statements) and documents produced in response to a summons issued by the AAT.
· Mediation is an informal process for helping people who have a dispute to sort it out for themselves without going to court.
· A mediator is a neutral third person who encourages those in the dispute to talk to each other about the issues. The mediator is not an advice-giver or decision-maker. The parties examine the real problems, large or small. They then create and agree upon an outcome that meets their needs and addresses their concerns.
· Now, worldwide mediation settlement is a voluntary and informal process of resolution of disputes. It is a simple, voluntary, party centred and structured negotiation process, where a neutral third party assists the parties in amicably resolving their disputes by using specified communication and negotiation techniques. Mediation is a process where it is controlled by the parties themselves. The mediator only acts as a facilitator in helping the parties to reach a negotiated settlement of their dispute. The mediator makes no decisions and does not impose his view of what a fair settlement should be.48
· In the mediation process, each side meets with a experienced neutral mediator. The session begins with each side describing the problem and the resolution they desire – from their point of view. Once each sides' respective positions are aired, the mediator then separates them into private rooms, beginning a process of "Caucus Meeting" and thereafter "joint meetings with the parties". The end product is the agreement of both the sides. The mediator has no power to dictate his decision over the party. There is a win – win situation in the mediation.
· The chief advantages of the mediation are49: -
1. The agreement which is that of the parties themselves;
2. The dispute is quickly resolved without great stress and expenditure;
3. The relationship between the parties are preserved; and
4. The confidentiality is maintained.
Arbitration, a form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR), is a technique for the resolution of disputes outside the courts, where the parties to a dispute refer it to one or more persons – arbitrators, by whose decision they agree to be bound. It is a resolution technique in which a third party reviews the evidence in the case and imposes a decision that is legally binding for both sides and enforceable. There are limited rights of review and appeal of Arbitration awards. Arbitration is not the same as judicial proceedings and Mediation.
Arbitration can be either voluntary or mandatory. Of course, mandatory Arbitration can only come from s statute or from a contract that is voluntarily entered into, where the parties agree to hold all existing or future disputes to arbitration, without necessarily knowing, specifically, what disputes will ever occur.
The advantages of Arbitration can be summarised as follows: -
a) It is often faster than litigation in Court.
b) It can be cheaper and more flexible for businesses.
c) Arbitral proceedings and an arbitral award are generally non- public, and can be made confidential.
d) In arbitral proceedings the language of arbitration may be chosen, whereas in judicial proceedings the official language of the competent Court will be automatically applied.
e) There are very limited avenues for appeal of an arbitral award.
f) When the subject matter of the dispute is highly technical, arbitrators with an appropriate degree of expertise can be appointed as one cannot choose judge in litigation.
However, there are some disadvantages of the Arbitration, which may be summarised as follows: -
a) Arbitrator may be subject to pressures from the powerful parties.
b) If the Arbitration is mandatory and binding, the parties waive their rights to access the Courts.
c) In some arbitration agreements, the parties are required to pay for the arbitrators, which add an additional cost, especially in small consumer disputes.
d) There are very limited avenues for appeal, which means that an erroneous decision cannot be easily overturned.
e) Although usually thought to be speedier, when there are multiple arbitrators on the penal, juggling their schedules for hearing dates in long cases can lead to delays.
f) Arbitrationawardsthemselvesarenotdirectlyenforceable.Aparty seeking to enforce arbitration award must resort to judicial remedies.
In view of provisions of Section 89 of the Civil Procedure Code, if the matter is referred to the Arbitration then the provisions of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 will govern the case.
Conciliation is an alternative dispute resolution process whereby the parties to a dispute use a conciliator, who meets with the parties separately in order to resolve their differences. They do this by lowering tensions, improving communications, interpreting issues, providing technical assistance, exploring potential solutions and bring about a negotiated settlement. It differs from Arbitration in that.
Conciliation is a voluntary proceeding, where the parties involved are free to agree and attempt to resolve their dispute by conciliation. The process is flexible, allowing parties to define the time, structure and content of the conciliation proceedings. These proceedings are rarely public. They are interest-based, as the conciliator will when proposing a settlement, not only take into account the parties' legal positions, but also their; commercial, financial and /or personal interests.44 The terms conciliation and mediation are interchangeable in the Indian context. Conciliation is a voluntary process whereby the conciliator, a trained and qualified neutral, facilitates negotiations between disputing parties and assists them in understanding their conflicts at issue and their interests in order to arrive at a mutually acceptable agreement. Conciliation involves discussions among the parties and the conciliator with an aim to explore sustainable and equitable resolutions by targeting the existent issues involved in the dispute and creating options for a settlement that are acceptable to all parties. The conciliator does not decide for the parties, but strives to support them in generating options in order to find a solution that is compatible to both parties. The process is risk free and not binding on the parties till they arrive at and sign the agreement. Once a solution is reached between the disputing parties before a conciliator, the agreement had the effect of an arbitration award and is legally tenable in any court in the country45.
Most commercial disputes, in which it is not essential that there should be a binding and enforceable decision, are amenable to conciliation. Conciliation may be particularly suitable where the parties in dispute wish to safeguard and maintain their commercial relationships.
A conciliator is not expected to act, after the conciliation proceedings are over, as an arbitrator unless the parties expressly agree that the conciliator can act as arbitrator. Similarly, the conciliation proceedings are confidential in nature. Rules of Conciliation of most of the international institutions provide that the parties shall not rely on or introduce as evidence in arbitral or judicial proceedings, (a) the views expressed or suggestions made for a possible settlement during the conciliation proceedings; (b) admissions made by any party during the course of the conciliation proceedings; (c) proposals made by the conciliator for the consideration of the parties; (d) the fact that any party had indicated its willingness to accept a proposal for settlement made by the conciliator; and that the conciliator shall not be produced or presented as a witness in any such arbitral or judicial proceedings.
Conciliation has received statutory recognition as it has been proved useful that before referring the dispute to the civil court or industrial court or family court etc, efforts to concile between the parties should be made. It is similar to the American concept of court-annexed mediation. However without structured procedure & statutory sanction, it was not possible for conciliation to achieve popularity in the countries like USA & also in other economically advanced countries
Section 89 of the Civil Procedure Code also refers to the Judicial Settlement as one of the mode of alternative dispute resolution. Of course, there are no specified rules framed so far for such settlement. However, the term Judicial Settlement is defined in Section 89 of the Code. Of course, it has been provided therein that when there is a Judicial Settlement the provisions of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 will apply. It means that in a Judicial Settlement the concerned Judge tries to settle the dispute between the parties amicably. If at the instance of judiciary any amicable settlement is resorted to and arrived at in the given case then such settlement will be deemed to be decree within the meaning of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987. Section 21 of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 provides that every award of the Lok Adalat shall be deemed to be a decree of the Civil Court.
There are no written guidelines prescribed in India as to judicial settlement. But in America, ethics requiring judicial settlement has been enumerated by Goldschmidt and Milford which are as under:
The following are guidelines for judicial settlement ethics:
1. Separation of Functions:
Where feasible, the judicial functions in the settlement and trial phase of a case should be performed by separate judges.
2. Impartiality and Disqualification:
A judge presiding over a settlement conference is performing judicial functions and, as such, the applicable provisions of the code of judicial conduct, particularly the disqualification rules, should apply in the settlement context.
3. Conference Management:
Judges should encourage and seek to facilitate settlement in a prompt, efficient, and fair manner. They should not, however, take unreasonable measures that are likely under normal circumstances to cause parties, attorneys, or other representatives of litigants to feel coerced in the process. The judge should take responsibility in settlement conferences.
4. Setting Ground Rules on Issues Such as Confidentiality, Disclosure and Ex Parte Communications:
In settlement conferences, judges should establish ground rules at the onset, either orallyor in writing, informing parties and their attorneys of the procedures that will be followed. The rules should include ground rules governing issues such as confidentiality, disclosure of facts and positions during and after conferences, and ex parte communications.
5. Focusing the Discussions:
A judge should use settlement techniques that are both effective and fair, and be mindful of the need to maintain impartiality in appearance and in fact.
6. Guiding or Influencing the Settlement:
The judge should guide and supervise the settlement process to ensure its fundamental fairness. In seeking to resolve disputes, a judge in settlement discussions should not sacrifice justice for expediency.
7. Sanctions or Other Penalties Against Settlement Conference Participants:
A judge should not arbitrarily impose sanction or other punitive measures to coerce or penalize litigants and their attorneys in the settlement process.
The concept that is gaining popularity is that of Lok Adalats or people's courts as established by the government to settle disputes through conciliation and compromise. It is a judicial institution and a dispute settlement agency developed by the people themselves for social justice based on settlement or compromise reached through systematic negotiations. The first Lok Adalats was held in Una aim the Junagadh district of Gujarat State as far back as 1982. Lok Adalats accept even cases pending in the regular courts within their jurisdiction.
Section 89 of the Civil Procedure Code also provides as to referring the pending Civil disputes to the Lok Adalat. When the matter is referred to the Lok Adalat then the provisions of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 will apply. So far as the holding of Lok Adalat is concerned, Section 19 of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987
A Lok Adalat shall have jurisdiction to determine and to arrive at a compromise or settlement between the parties to a dispute in respect of -
(i) any case pending before it; or
(ii) any matter which is falling within the jurisdiction of, and is not brought before any court for which the Lok Adalat is organised.
The procedures and techniques discussed above are the most commonly employed methods of ADR. Negotiation plays an important role in each method, either primarily or secondarily. However, there are countless other ADR methods, many of which modify or combine the above methods. The process has been criticised as a waste of time by some legal observers who believe that the same time could be spent pursuing the claims in civil court, where negotiation also plays a prominent role and litigants are protected by a panoply of formal rights, procedures, and rules. But many participants in unsuccessful ADR proceedings believe it is useful to determine that their disputes are not amenable to a negotiated settlement before commencing a lawsuit. Hearsay evidence is a common example of evidence that is considered by the parties and intermediaries in ADR forums but that is generally excluded from civil trials.


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At Art Conexion, it is our vision to bring together an eclectic collection of modern and contemporary art for the discerning art connoisseurs. Our catalogue has carefully selected artworks sourced from established and emerging artists.
We thoroughly research on the artists, track new developments in the art world, analyse the market trends and thereby provide complete information to our clients. At Art Conexion, there is a complete transparency and confidentiality for our clients.
We help source and procure artists that our esteemed clientele would want to acquire. We provide advice and consultancy to clients to facilitate the sale of works from their private collection.
All the artworks will be accompanied by authenticity certificates and relevant provenance to be delivered to any part of the globe.


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Health from the Sun's Total EFA - Product Review
Health from the Sun's Total EFA is a complete blend of Omega 3, 6 and 9 essential fatty acids (EFAs) derived from flaxseed oil, fish oil, borage seed oil and olive oil. Omega 3s, 6s and 9s offer multiple benefits including heart health, healthy mental function, anti-inflammatory effects, hormonal regulation, joint health, healthy skin and weight management. Many people are deficient in essential fatty acids because the body can't make them from other substances and they must be supplied by the diet. Therefore, supplementation with EFAs may have important nutritional benefits.
Omega 3 oils derived from fish contain the essential fatty acids EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). Flaxseed contains the omega 3 essential fatty acid known as ALA (alpha-linolenic acid), which requires conversion into EPA and DHA. Borage oil contains the omega 6 essential fatty acid known as GLA (gamma linolenic acid). Olive oil contains the omega 9 essential fatty acid known as oleic acid. GLA EPA, DHA, ALA, GLA and oleic acid are precursors to beneficial prostaglandins - hormone-like regulatory compounds that are involved in vital body functions.
Total EFA also contains 15 percent organic flax particulate which supplies plant lignans. Flaxseed lignans are natural plant chemicals that are more commonly known as phytoestrogens. Studies suggest that flaxseed lignans may have anticancer properties and beneficial hormonal actions in women.
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With high doses of fish oil, certain people may experience abdominal discomfort or diarrhea. Borage oil may cause bloating, nausea, indigestion or headache.
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Good music, feminist humor
Good music, good humor, & good times!
Thanks CFW [particularly LJ] for your hard work on behalf of those who are unable to advocate for themselves! And, hopefully you will be able to support these efforts on some level? What will it take to end violence against women?
And if you're critical about a big-time pop star coming for this show [and the price of the tickets being super duper expensive], think about how the dominant structures can be a voice of change–meeting the margins by leaving the center! The "powerful" need to be educated, too!
I found myself being critical, but then I stopped and thought about this very thing…how did women come to be ordained, how did women come to have the vote [not necessarily in that order], how did women come to transcend the imposed domesticity? By talking about it, by raising awareness, and by seeking to make…
little moves against destructiveness!


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Goal Line Stand from Tigerland
The Goal Line Stand from Tigerland is the name of the final play in the 2016 meeting between the University of Florida Gators and LSU Tigers with the Gators winning 16-10, and more importantly is seen as the beginning of a true rivalry between the two schools. The name is a play on words from LSU's "Golden Band from Tigerland" and has come to be known for the entire game rather than just the last play. The game took place on November 19, 2016 at Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
The game was originally to be played at Ben Hill Griffin Stadium in Gainesville, Florida on October 8, 2016, but was rescheduled due to Hurricane Matthew. The only date that seemed plausible for the make-up game to be played was November 19, with both schools playing "cupcake" teams; LSU against South Alabama and Florida against Presbyterian College. LSU athletic director Joe Alleva refused to buy out the school's contract with South Alabama and play Florida in Gainesville as originally scheduled, stating that "We are going to have a home game on November 19th." leading the Gators to originally refuse to play the game at all. This lead to accusations that they were "scared" to play LSU. Eventually after the SEC said that both Florida and LSU would have to play the eight in-conference games to have a chance to play in the SEC Championship, both schools agreed to play the game on November 19th in Baton Rouge, in exchange for Florida being able to host the 2017 matchup in Gainesville.
The game
The first half was a defensive struggle, with LSU leading 7-3. The Tigers drove the ball inside the Florida 5-yard line to start the second half but came away with zero points after a fumbled snap on a field goal attempt passed incomplete. The Gators took advantage of that LSU miscue by scoring a 98-yard touchdown pass from graduate quarterback Austin Appleby to freshman receiver Tyrie Cleveland down the sideline to take a 10-7 lead. After an exchange of punts, LSU scored a field goal to tie the game at 10. Florida then made a pair of field goals to take a 16-10 lead, the second field goal being set up by an LSU lost fumble on a kickoff return. After driving down the field with less than a minute left, LSU had first-and-goal at UF's 7-yard line with 50 seconds left. The Tigers picked up 6 yards on the first two plays, but nothing on their next two. Gators defensive back Marcell Harris and defensive lineman Jordan Sherit helped stop running back Derrius Guice at the goal line on the final play to set off a Gators' celebration. Florida head coach Jim McElwain became the first coach in conference history to lead his team to the SEC Championship Game in his first two seasons.
Before this game, many fans of both sides did not see the other as a true "rival", with each having more historic in-conference rivalries, such as LSU vs. Alabama or Florida vs. Georgia . This game, however, would go on to spark hatrid betweeen the two schools as each now sees the other as a new, primary rival. Florida would go on to lose to the eventual National Runner-Up Alabama Crimson Tide in the SEC Championship and would later win the Outback Bowl against the Iowa Hawkeyes. LSU would beat the Louisville Cardinals in the Citrus Bowl. The following June, the Gators would go on to beat the Tigers in the 2017 College World Series for their first baseball national title.
See Also
2001 Tennessee vs. Florida football game
Auburn-Florida football rivalry
List of Atlantic Coast Conference rivalries
List of Texas Longhorns football games
The Cam-Back
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You have a bunch of ripe bananas for fiesta. But the fiesta is two weeks too far. You want to extend its shelf life and thinking to store it in refrigerator. Wrong choice buddy! All your bananas will be gone to waste due to chilling injury. Brown spots soft lessions on bananas.
Chilling injury is the permanent or irreversible physiological damage to bananas , which results from exposure to low temperature. It is physiological disorder that occurs to most fruits of tropical origin. Banana chilling injury may occur below 12 degree centigrade. Even a few hours of chilling temperature can be sufficient to induce permanent damage. It can occur to ripe and unripe fruits. It can cause lower market quality and a total loss.


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The ideal dive conditions stayed with us for the rest of the trip. It's amazing what you can spot when you are relaxed in the water. Most divers swim straight past these critters.
I had my torch beam on this next critter for quite some time before I noticed it, and it's about 30cm across. My red torch light made it quite difficult to spot.


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Elephant Sanctuary Statement on Ringling Bros. Decision to Retire Its Elephants
Sanctuary resident elephant Billie, retired from a life in circus, is the subject of the criticall...
The Elephant Sanctuary in Tennessee is very pleased with the news of Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus's plan to retire their elephants from performing.
Feld Entertainment has made an important decision with regard to elephant wellbeing—in fact, a life-changing decision for each individual elephant in their custody.
Over the last two decades of managing and caring for elephants retired from entertainment, our Veterinary and Care staff have observed a long list of medical, physiological, and behavioral issues that The Sanctuary's resident elephants must confront each and every day as a result of their former lives performing and traveling on the road.
The Elephant Sanctuary continues to serve as a forever, natural-habitat home for retired captive elephants in North America. We also work to educate the public about the complex needs of elephants in captivity. We applaud the many other voices and groups that have contributed to growing public understanding of elephants' greater needs—including, among others, longtime champions for animals in entertainment at the Performing Animal Welfare Society (America's other accredited sanctuary for elephants), nonfiction author Carol Bradley (Last Chain on Billie), and novelist Jodi Picoult (Leaving Time).
Other relevant stories on this topic:
Ringling Bros. Phasing Out Iconic Elephant Acts by 2018
Novelists Applaud Ringling Bros.'s Decision to Stop Using Elephants
Why Not Retire the Circus Elephants Now?
Photos Reveal Life Inside Retirement Home For Ringling Bros. Elephants
Final Trumpet Sounds For a US Institution as Elephants Say Goodbye to the Circus
Ringling Bros. Elephant Decision Needs To Go Further
Elephant Retirement: Will Ringling Bros. Move Be a Game-Changer?
Animals Don't Belong in American Circuses


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Product Description
| Size: 13. 5 oz. |
Lie down, let the UV rays warm your face, and forget about absolutely everything. This ultra dark bronzing formula featuring Melanobronze combines active ingredients that help accelerate and enhance your tan for golden, streak free color. Allow the powerful beauty benefits of lotus blossom and monoi de tahiti to nourish and brighten your skin's complexion. Fragrance: A Breath of Fresh Air


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Traits, Background & Disposition may alter each word you speak.
Therefore each spoken word is contrasted by an individuals' persona and we hear conversations in many colors.
As we speak, we pronounce each word in the way that is familiar to ourselves; conducting a rhythm for the words to dance when rolled off the tongue.
noun: an accepted standard of the sound and stress patterns of a syllable, word, phrase, etc. For us to channel an extensive comprehension of CLĒ, we take a moment to dedicate a post to an auxiliary introduction featuring the delicacy of articulation: CLĒ Cosmetics [\kley, käz-ˈme-tiks\]
The horizontal bar above the letter 'E' is called a macron [\ˈmā-ˌkrän, ˈma-, -krən\]
noun: a mark − placed over a vowel to indicate that the vowel is long or placed over a syllable or used alone to indicate a stressed or long syllable in a metrical foot. With inspiration in mind, we share with you our perception of beauty synchronizing with the context of art.
As we embody the image of the modern woman, we connect with you, through her, starting by leaving soft imprints and en route to unraveling new terrains of CLĒ.


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Attorney General Jeff Sessions on Friday mocked Democrats who on Tuesday had raked him over the coals in a hearing in which they hoped to find some proof that Sessions had lied about connections he had with Russia.
"I just was thinking, I want to ask you: Is Ambassador Kislyak in the room? Before I get started here, any Russians?" Sessions said in an unscripted opening to a speech he made to the 2017 National Lawyers Convention hosted by the Federalist Society.
"Anybody been to Russia? Got a cousin in Russia or something?" Sessions asked to laughter from the crowd.
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The Mayflower Hotel, where the speech took place, was the site of an April 2016 Trump speech that was attended by both Sessions and Ambassador Sergey Kislyak. That speech was among those upon which Sessions has been quizzed in relation to communication between Russia and the Trump campaign.
TRENDING: Schumer Furious That Republicans Are Granting Green New Deal a Senate Vote
On Tuesday, Sessions was grilled about the subject before the House Judiciary Committee.
Democrats continually sought to claim that Sessions had been untruthful in either testimony he gave the Senate in January or the testimony he was giving the House Tuesday.
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Sessions eventually set the record straight.
"My focus was on responding to the concern that I, as a surrogate, was participating in a continuing series of meetings with intermediaries for the Russian government," Sessions said. "I certainly didn't mean I had never met a Russian in the history of my life."
"My response was, according to the way I heard the question, as honest as I could give it at the time," Sessions said later.
During that hearing, Rep. Bob Goodlatte, R-Va., brought up a subject that has long irritated President Donald Trump — the fact that Sessions recused himself from matters pertaining to Russia.
"You have recused yourself from matters stemming from the 2016 election, but there are significant concerns that the partisanship of the FBI and the department has weakened the ability of each to act objectively," Goodlatte said.
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If Sessions had not done so, Goodlatte said, the probe "would have been impartial and fair in following the facts wherever they led."
It was perhaps with the subject on his mind that Sessions closed his speech Friday with a comment on the subject.
"And recusals? Well, recusals happen all the time, throughout the Department of Justice and in private practice, just because we follow the rules. That furthers confidence in justice, doesn't erode it. So I believe that when the history is written about this department, it will reflect that President Trump appointed one of the finest teams ever assembled in the Department of Justice."
"The man at the top, not in the group," Sessions added.
We are committed to truth and accuracy in all of our journalism. Read our editorial standards.


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The first fields took a hit from a cool spring; but the rest of the season is looking good, area farmers said.
ERIE — Hot, dry weather is helping the Monroe County tomato harvesters with getting their prized crop out of the ground.
Several tomato farms in the county have begun plucking tomatoes from their fields. Workers at the Janssen Brothers' Farm in Monroe started collecting tomatoes from a field off Edgewood Dr. in Erie Aug. 23. The harvest continued there this past week as tomatoes ripened in the sun. Initial yields were down a little, but are expected to improve as the season progresses, said Tim Janssen, a partner in the firm.
"Those first fields got beat up a little with rain and cool weather" in the spring, Janssen said Friday. "But the yields should get stronger and will be pretty good going forward. We're optimistic."
His brother, Dave, drives the harvester that contains migrant workers who sort and grade the crop. The crew had to stop on Thursday to allow one section of tomatoes to ripen. Tomatoes generally take about 85-90 days to mature for picking.
"We were about 10 days behind when we started," he noted. "It was pretty wet in the spring and that delayed planting. Hopefully we can (keep) going and not stop."
Heavy rain in August helped not only the tomatoes, but also his corn and soybeans, too, he said.
"The ground still has some moisture in it," he said. "We'll get our yield. That rain really helped the (grain) fields.
The brothers are raising about 300 acres of tomatoes for the tomato paste market. They have quite a ways to go yet before the tomato harvest is done.
"We'll be into October before we finish," Tim said. "We hope to be cleaned up by Oct. 10-15."


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Since oregano oil is one of the strongest herbal oils and extracts with antimicrobial properties, you need to pay attention when using this option as a natural treatment for BV.
Women have used the oil to make douches and follow the 'soaked tampon' method, but the oil needs proper dilution. Oregano oil fights bacterial vaginosis with carvacrol (which kills a wide range of bacteria) and thymol (an immune system booster).


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If you had paid attention to the media in the UK over the last couple of days, you would think that some sort of world-ending event was about to take place.
In short, it was simply the first cold snap of the winter.
As tends to be the case, when the North of England gets adverse weather conditions the media largely ignores it. When the South of England gets a little bit of snow, all hell breaks loose.
The Snow
It seems even the mighty computing power of the Met Office got their weather warning wrong from my location. It is one of the reasons why people here tend to largely ignore them. We know what we need to keep in as supplies to see us through for a few days comfortably. The snowfall predicted simply did not happen. At least, not here.
Travelling in the snow, in any sort of snow, seems as though it has become a challenge to the national infrastructure. I still remember one particularly bad morning when we had four feet of snow back in the 1970s. (The Canadians will now be falling about laughing. Yes, I know that is not real snow compared to yours.) People back then simply dug their way out of their homes and those that were capable of walking to work, did. There was no official advice to not travel unless it was absolutely essential. People just cracked on, doing what they needed to do. Minimum fuss.
It seems as a nation we have lost that pioneer spirit. Baden Powell's message of 'be prepared' has been reduced to knowing where your next charge-up for your mobile phone is coming from.
This learned-helplessness, encouraged by the media, does the people no good whatsoever. If people think this past week has been cold with bad weather, they need to really start preparing for when winter truly arrives.


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Product Description
Hide & Glow Sleek is Bliss' first tinted firming body spray that helps firm and tone skin over time, while simultaneously perfecting skin with a luminous glow. This body spray is suitable for use on all parts of the body except for the face. This product will instantly perfect dull and uneven skin, soften and smooth skin, and give your skin a luminous glow. Over time, this product will enhance and firm your skin, reducing the appearance of cellulite. For the best results, make sure your skin is properly prepared prior to applying the Hide & Glow Sleek body spray – exfoliate dry, dull, rough areas of the body, and spray on additional layers! Please note that FatGirlSlim products are not weight or fat loss products. This body spray comes in two shades – Fair to Medium, and Medium to Deep.


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Website of Joy Bossi
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March 15, 2011
CAMDEN, N.J. - Chris Hueth was 3-for-4 with two RBI and two runs scored and Kevin Taylor reached base five times as the Saint Joseph's baseball scored an 11-7 victory over the rival Villanova Wildcats on Tuesday afternoon at Campbell's Field. Mike Plakis chipped in a pair of RBI as well, including driving in what turned out to be the winning runs.
|Freshman Chris Hueth gets a surprise as he talks about his 3-for-4 performance against Villanova on Tuesday. Also discussing the game are Kevin Taylor and head coach Fritz Hamburg. The video will load after a brief advertisement.
Villanova (5-10) got on the board in the top of the first, pushing a run across after a double by Marlon Calbi was followed by a groundout and a passed ball.
Saint Joseph's (7-10) went ahead in the bottom of the frame, scoring a pair on four straight hits to start the inning. Joe Cook and Mike Coleman led things off with singles before Greg Kumpel and Taylor hit back-to-back doubles to give SJU a 2-1 lead.
The Hawks tagged VU starter Kevin MacLachlan for three more runs in the second. After a walk and an error, Anthony Cirillo hit a ball that fell in between the second baseman and right fielder and allowed him to reach second, bringing home Quinn Renner. Three batters later, Hueth cleared the bases with a two-run triple to give the Hawks a four-run margin.
Villanova knotted things up in the top of the fourth, aided by three walks, two hit batters, and an error. However, SJU scored four in the bottom of the inning to regain the advantage. With the sacks packed and two away, Plakis ripped a single through the right side to score Hueth and Spencer Judge and give the Hawks a 7-5 lead. Follow-up singles by Cody Silverman and Renner doubled the advantage to four.
The Wildcats cut the lead in half in the top of the sixth as Dain Hall and David Koczirka hit RBI singles to close with two at 9-7, but Eddie Palmer hit a bases loaded single in the eight to restore the margin to four, where it remained.
Freshman Steven Schuler got the win, the first of his career. He worked two and a third, allowing two runs on three hits. MacLachlan took the loss for VU to fall to 0-2. Dominic Favazza, Daniel Thorpe, and Ryan Kemp retired the final 10 Villanova hitters in order to preserve the victory.
The Hawks will be back in action on Friday against NYIT. First pitch at Campbell's Field is set for 3:00 p.m. Live stats and audio will be available at SJUHawks.com.


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Russian request for meeting over Skripal case is diversionary tactic, says UK
The Russian Embassy said it was 'high time' that ambassador Alexander Yakovenko met Boris Johnson for talks.
A Russian request for a meeting with Boris Johnson to discuss the nerve agent attack on former double-agent Sergei Skripal and his daughter Yulia has been dismissed as a "diversionary tactic" by the UK.
The Foreign Office confirmed that it had received a request from the Russian Embassy for a meeting with Mr Johnson, one of the most vocal Government critics of Vladimir Putin's regime over the attempted assassination.
The Russian government said it hoped the UK would "engage constructively" with the request for ambassador Alexander Yakovenko to have face-to-face talks with Mr Johnson.
The latest exchanges in the diplomatic spat came as speculation mounted that the Skripals could be able to offer officers investigating the Salisbury nerve agent attack missing clues as the pair continue to recover.
We believe that it is high time to arrange a meeting between @Amb_Yakovenko and Foreign Secretary @BorisJohnson in order to discuss the whole range of bilateral issues, as well as the investigation of the Salisbury incident. https://t.co/hOHA18Lclf pic.twitter.com/cS8XMDiXM7— Russian Embassy, UK (@RussianEmbassy) April 7, 2018
In a statement posted on its website on Saturday, the Russian Embassy said "interaction" between it and the Foreign Office was "utterly unsatisfactory".
They added: "We believe that it is high time to arrange a meeting between Ambassador Alexander Yakovenko and Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson in order to discuss the whole range of bilateral issues, as well as the investigation of the Salisbury incident.
"Ambassador Yakovenko has already sent a respective personal note to the Foreign Secretary.
"We hope that the British side will engage constructively and that such meeting is arranged shortly."
Moscow has denied being responsible for the poisoning of the Skripals but the incident has plunged diplomatic relations between Russia and the West into the deep freeze.
Russia is playing fast and loose with our collective security and the international institutions that protect us pic.twitter.com/H5tUTT8zdT— Foreign Office 🇬🇧 (@foreignoffice) April 6, 2018
A Foreign Office spokesman said: "It's Russia's response that has been unsatisfactory.
"It's over three weeks since we asked Russia to engage constructively and answer a number of questions relating to the attempted assassinations of Mr Skripal and his daughter.
"Now, after failing in their attempts in the UN and international chemical weapons watchdog this week and with the victims' condition improving, they seem to be pursuing a different diversionary tactic.
"We will of course consider their request and respond in due course."
Whitehall sources said Russian foreign minister Sergey Lavrov had turned down the chance for discussions and dismissed the embassy's move as the "latest in a series of Russian disinformation attempts".
Mr Skripal, 66, and his 33-year-old daughter Yulia were left fighting for their lives in hospital after being found unconscious on a park bench in Salisbury on March 4.
The former double agent is "responding well to treatment, improving rapidly and no longer in a critical condition", Salisbury District Hospital said.
Different UK excuses for refusing Viktoria Skripal visa to visit her family members in Salisbury hold no water. What does Britain have to hide? https://t.co/O2uR7wwZ9L pic.twitter.com/gUYJWzvmq7— Russian Embassy, UK (@RussianEmbassy) April 6, 2018
The Russian Embassy had previously said it hoped the improvement in the Skripals' health will "contribute to the investigation of the crime perpetrated against them".
Ms Skripal made her first public comments on Wednesday shortly after Russian TV reported that she had contacted her cousin Viktoria in Moscow to say she and her father were recovering and that she would soon be discharged.
The UK authorities have refused to grant Viktoria Skripal a visa to come to Britain, with the Home Office saying her application "did not comply with the immigration rules", prompting a suggestion from the Russian side that the British had "something to hide".
Press Association


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D & J Bistro
...Since 1987...
466 S. Rand Rd Lake Zurich, IL 60047
Phone: 847 438-8001
Lunch Special
Dinner Special
Private Room
Contact Us
Calendar of Events for the year 2019
choose a month
Throughout the year, we will offer many different dishes involving seasonal and/or local products and produce, some directly from Mother Nature, others farmed; in addition, each month we traditionally prepare what we refer to as True Bistro Dishes. Chef/Partner Masato Suzuki has mastered the Culinary Art of versatility and adaptation, and honestly, you wont find better authentic French dishes in France, especially at the value D&J offers them... So, go ahead, be tempted, do not resist, come and visit...!
... So much local produces, even local wild mushrooms,
are going to be on your table ... what a treat...!
* La Paëlla du Chef Masato
another classic that just wont die, and so it should not because it is so tantalizing! Mussels, shrimp, scallop, Clams, Calamari, Spanish sausage, chicken in a flavorful saffron rice.
* Open Sunday, the 1st even though
its Labor Day week end... Closed Monday September 2nd


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Companies that look to restructure following major setbacks or debt problems often turn to bankruptcy filings and proceedings to help with debt relief or to provide the time needed to reinvent the organization. This restructuring can affect things as critical as a company's main product and business plan, resulting in a different operation than before the bankruptcy.
Designer bounces from bankruptcy to the runway
Filing for bankruptcy is a difficult undertaking for many people. In this economy, however, many families are looking for any kind of debt relief. Although the bankruptcy process may be upsetting, there is hope after a bankruptcy is discharged. Designer Betsey Johnson discovered this after celebrating her first fashion show after bankruptcy during Fashion Week.
Debt collector got it wrong, court rules
There are few things more tenacious that an unpaid student loan. The U.S. Department of Education pulls out all the stops to collect from borrowers who default on loans that it guarantees. People who file for bankruptcy often discover those loans are still hanging around when a collection agency comes knocking on the door. Discharging a student loan debt through bankruptcy is very difficult but not impossible. One collection agency told debtors it couldn't be done. The Second U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals says that's not true, and will allow a lawsuit against the collection agency to stand.


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WordPress Developer with CSS, jQuery, and PHP Experience [Needed Immediately]
Budget $2-8 USD / time
We are in need of a WordPress developer to start immediately.
You must be very comfortable with:
- Create a fully responsive WordPress website without using a theme
- Creating custom functions, hooks, and filters
- Making advanced customization with WooCommerce
- Fixing CSS Responsive changes so websites look perfect on all devices
- Cross-browser fixes for browsers including older versions of Internet Explorer
- Customizing and creating plugins
To Apply, please answer these questions:
(you application will not be considered if the questions are not answered)
1. When creating a WordPress website from a PSD, what template would you use, and would you use a framework (if so, which one)?
2. For this new WordPress website, where would you put the code for the css and javascript files? (In the [url removed, login to view], in the [url removed, login to view], in the body of the webpage, or somewhere else?)
3. You see an error "Error Establishing a Database Connection", what is the first one or two things that you do?
4. You are asked to edit your hosts file in order to work on a website on our development server. What is the reason that we are asking you to do this?
Thank you!
26 freelancere byder i gennemsnit $9/time for dette job
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Perhaps don't do anything particularly new, just do what they should do better! For example the Michelin ones seem to address the main gripes I have:
- Independent Suspension Tertiary:
- Smart Flex Secondary:
- Riveted Smart Hinge:
- Actively responds to windscreen shape or curvature across the entire wipe pattern.
Then you have the special coatings like the Graphite on the Lucas Clearvision. They are certainly not all created equally. Anyway, I have the Michelins on order so will be sure to post an unbiased review when I test them out.


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Hello again,
Unseasonal weather in many regions especially since the beginning of 2014, has once again brought discussions on climate change and global warming to the fore. The fact that predictions are already in place for a warmer-than-normal summer in several parts of Europe, North America lend credence to the global warming phenomenon.
They say wine gets better with age, but the regions we typically associate with its production could be in for a major shakeup due to climate change over the next few decades. Researchers are predicting a two-thirds decline in production in the Bordeaux and Rhone regions in France, Tuscany, Italy and Napa Valley in California by 2050 due to global warming that will make it more difficult to grow grapes. Instead, regions once considered inhospitable to grape production will take over-including Northern Europe (Britain too), the U.S. North West and central China [Design&Trend]. The United Nations' latest report on climate change states it is inevitable and that countries need to start thinking of managing the same [The Atlantic]. Protagonists of green energy would perhaps state that this is a tacit reference to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by embracing wind energy, greater reliance on CNG, reduction of carbon dioxide emissions through fuel efficiency of automobiles enabled (among others) by greater use of lightweight plastics and composites etc.
The key word is adaptation rather than mitigation.
The emphasis on manufacturing innovation in composites to accelerate growth in commercial applications has been spelt out clearly by the late March announcement of the U.S. proposing a Composites Industry Institute christened as Advanced Composites Manufacturing Innovation Institute with the federal government offering $70 million in funding that has to be matched. In its call for proposals for an institute that focuses on overcoming the barriers to greater widespread use of advanced composites, the Department of Energy (DOE) says it is pursuing the promise of composite materials. Industry analysts predict the global carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) market to grow to $25.2 billion by 2019 and glass fiber reinforcements to reach $16.4 billion by 2016 [Plastics News]. The goal of the new institute will be to lower the cost of advanced composites by 50%, reduce the energy to make composites by 75% and increase recyclability to more than 95% within 10 years.
What better news can the composites industry hope for ?
At a recent meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the European Commissions's Joint Research Center detailed how CFRP could revolutionize the shipping container market segment, (hitherto the domain of steel) based on Life-cycle Cost Benefit Analysis – the successful proven mantra in the composites industry. Looking at the analysis…….while a composite container may cost EUR 6,000 ($8,300) versus EUR 2,200 ($3,050) for a steel container; at a diesel fuel cost of EUR 1.60 per liter ($8.40/gallon), the composite container would break even after the container has travelled 120,000 km (74,500 miles) on sheer weight considerations alone – 1.2 Tonnes vs. 2.2 Tonnes for steel, with the inevitable advantage of corrosion resistance, the bane of steel. The icing on the cake ? Composite containers could also potentially be foldable and hence could be laid flat on their return to China [Plastics Today]. In 2006, Congress passed a law in America requiring all containers arriving into American seaports (from foreign shores) be scanned for illicit materials and illegal immigrants. But the deadline for compliance continues to be pushed back due to technical issues: scanning steel requires high power X-rays or even gamma rays which are expensive to generate and hazardous. CFRP containers, however, can be scanned with "soft" X-rays that are easier to generate and use.
A revolution in the making in storming the steel bastion ?
Air Cargo Containers was granted Technical Standard Order (TSO C90d) certification for its lightweight composite AMJ model Unit Load Device (ULD) in December 2013. It is the first all-composite container to receive this certification from the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). It is constructed of proprietary composite side panels and floor panel, built around an aerospace grade aluminum frame for lightness and durability as well as improved maintenance characteristics and flame retardant capability. Tare weight is 480 lbs which is 350 lbs less than competing aluminum containers. Weight savings achieved is around 42% [Plastics Today].
Processing of liquid thermoplastic resins by RTM is now a commercial reality. The formulated resins from Arkema are based on various oligomers, monomers, additives, catalysts and fillers. Targeted cycle times in the automotive sector are 2-3 minutes using fast RTM and 20-30 minutes for for bus and truck components. The density of the composite ranges from 1.55 with carbon fiber (60% volume) to 1.9 with glass fiber (50% volume). Unlike unsaturated polyesters, the resins do not contain styrene. The thermoplastic characteristics enable design of composite parts that are easily thermoformed and recyclable with comparable mechanical performance to epoxy parts [Plastics Today].
Technological advances abound in structural adhesive solutions for bonding lightweight materials including CFRP in the automotive sector. Recent formulations of Dow's adhesive offer a cycle time of around one minute facilitating mass series production. Open time can be adjusted to accommodate specific mounting requirements such as quicker curing time by infra-red treatment. The fact that the initial adhesion requires no additional fixing tools is an added advantage [Plastics Today].
There has always been several schools of thought when it comes to discussing the real benefits of wind energy, costwise. Latest research (March 2014) from top American universities has found that when total costs include environmental impacts, U.S. wind energy costs virtually the same as natural gas. A collaborative study from the University of California and Syracuse University examines price differentials between American wind energy and natural gas, when long-term factors such as the future costs of carbon dioxide emissions are accounted for [Climate Group]. Supplementing data from the U.S. Department of Energy on the current lifetime "levelized" cost of electricity from a new wind farm and from an advanced combined cycle gas plant, the research project has factored three additional aspects – future cost of carbon dioxide emissions added to the price of gas, cost of supply intermittency added to price of wind and cost of correcting natural gas price volatility added to price of gas. On adjusting figures to reflect these three conditions, the new average levelized cost of electricity from wind is 9.2cents/kWh – a tad higher than natural gas's 8.85cents/kWh. The result is even more favorable for wind if one considers some of the larger possible values for carbon emissions.
The interesting fact with such studies is that all forms of variables that affect the ultimate economics are factored in arriving at a realistic comparison, with less room for any bias.
In my last post, I had stated that it may be worthwhile looking at an alternate route to benzene to combat the looming styrene shortage and its effect on unsaturated polyesters/vinyl ester resin prices. With the current natural gas glut in the U.S. (potentially to be followed by the UK, Australia and China), the development of high performance ceramic membranes has opened up the distinct possibility of of converting natural gas to benzene. Once commercialized, this approach could reduce the practice of flaring natural gas (across the world) which wastes about 140 billion cubic meters of gas annually. Oil wells in remote areas often use flaring, because transporting the natural gas to markets would be very expensive [MIT Technology Review].
Jointly with Hyundai Motor, Lotte, Korea has developed superlight CFRP composites for the main frame, roof&door side panels for Hyundai's Intrado concept car that was unveiled at the Geneva Motor Show in March and achieved a weight reduction of around 60%. Through its unique structure, the thermoset composite manufactured using high-pressure RTM, has the strength equivalent to steel [Plastics Today].
Conventional techniques such as milling or water-jet cutting suffer high levels of tool wear when machining CFRP composites, negating, to some extent the gains in efficiency and life-cycle cost that it promises. A new automated laser processing technique for CFRP structures in mass production scenarios is currently in the works, thanks to Volkswagen's initiative in spearheading a joint consortium effort. The goal is to employ a new fiber-guided, high performance laser with pulse lengths in the nanosecond range. As CFRP contains both stiff fibers and sticky polymers, the fibers lead to wear on mechanical tools such as mills and cutters, while the sticky polymer increases the deterioration of the tool by blocking the rake and clearance angle. Water jet machining is also problematic as it requires the use of abrasive materials which might remain in the cutting edge and initiate contact corrosion. A laser-based operation should avoid tool-wear issues entirely, cutting instead through laser ablation. In such an operation, a short interaction with the workpiece is clearly beneficial – the option is still to use nanosecond pulses rather than the even faster femtosecond sources being deployed in other material processing applications. With shorter interaction on the surface, the plasma plume can expand in all directions. But with thicker material, the plasma can expand in only one direction – up. This slows down the expansion process and leads to an increased heat input. Further, economics is also a factor since ultra-fast sources are more expensive than nano-second pulsed systems. Critically, it is the investment required per Watt of average output that could be the driving force in decision-making [Optics].
At least 14 billion pounds of new polyethylene (PE) capacity are anticipated for North America by 2018 as producers look to capitalize on growing supplies of low-cost natural gas supplies in the region. As this amount is more than the domestic market will be able to absorb, part of the new capacity will need to be exported and PE prices are likely to decline. In polypropylene (PP), new supplies of propylene monomer from the propane dehydrogenation (PDH) route through one (current) PP expansion project in the region. About 3 billion pounds of new capacity will eventually transpire in the next few years, which could also lead to increased PP exports from North America and make prices competitive in the long run [Plastics News].
The battle of the polyolefins will be intense in the coming years. Whether PP will prevail is definitely a moot point at this stage, as the economics of the PDH route have yet to be commercially proven.
With the uptick in global economy, the timing is just right for companies to draw up expansion plans for organic growth and/or make strategic acquisitions that have synergistic benefits for a robust 2015 and thereafter. There are definite signs of the eurozone recovery with many countries within the EU reporting a slew of economic data that is most encouraging. The stockmarket has been on a tear lately prompting the Cassandras to speak of an impending bubble.
But, hey, the show must go on and the projected optimistic scenario should make us all sport a wide smile.
Till the next post,
Email: email@example.com
Twitter: @essjaycomposite
Website: www.essjaycomposites.com


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Freeport, Maine
Livestock Manager
Position Summary
A pioneer in sustainable agriculture since the 1960s, Wolfe's Neck Farm (WNF) is a Freeport-based nonprofit agricultural campus close to the greater Portland metro area, set on 626-acres of incredible beauty, consisting of a unique mix of ecological systems: forest, marsh, pasture lands and four miles of coastline. Our programs focus on connecting people all ages with sustainable agriculture. Thousands of people are attracted annually to the farm for programs and events where they learn about sustainable farming, gain a greater understanding of where their food comes from, and how they can be more active participants in the food system. Integral to the Wolfe's Neck Farm experience is interaction with our diverse array of pasture-raised animals.
Wolfe's Neck Farm has an ambitious vision and the Livestock program will play a critical role in helping realize that vision. Livestock programs at Wolfe's Neck Farm are focused on providing the public with a source of sustainably-raised meat, exposing people of all ages to farm animals and as a basis for research, education, training and inspiring and supporting the next generation of farmers.
The Livestock Manager will be responsible for overseeing all aspects of an integrated, diverse, pasture-based livestock program at Wolfe's Neck Farm. The Livestock Manager will be responsible for the care, management and health of all livestock. The Livestock Manager will work alongside the Farm Operations Manager to oversee the condition of all livestock facilities, the condition of all grazing infrastructure, and the quality and supply of all forage/feed.
Primary Responsibilities
- Provide effective leadership and management of all current and future livestock programs, ensuring the highest quality care is provided to all animals at all times
- Develop and manage the Agriculture budget and oversee marketing and sales of animals and animal products
- Ensure effective management of livestock-related partnerships
- Manage herd health and performance; maintain accurate records
- Assist in the management and maintenance of grazing infrastructure, including pastures, water systems, travel lanes, and fencing
- Effectively supervise seasonal staff and recruit and train volunteers in daily animal-related chores and animal management as needed and as appropriate
- Seek out training opportunities, including workshops, conferences, visits to area farms, etc.
- Develop relationships with local farmers, food producers, community members, and organizations that will help support WNF and the surrounding community
- Assist with Education Programs as needed and appropriate, particularly through interactions Education Programs staff including Teen Ag Crew
- Attend and participate in Farm and Community events as needed an as appropriate
- Serve actively on the Ag Team and Agriculture Committee
Skills and Qualifications
- Three plus years of hands-on experience in pasture-based livestock management and care, particularly grass-fed beef and dairy cows. Knowledge of organic principles is highly desirable.
- Experience with overseeing the health of livestock including all aspects of animal husbandry, including breeding and birth.
- A strong interest in and knowledge of the food system, sustainable agriculture, and the natural environment.
- Strong desire to be part of a dynamic, entrepreneurial work environment and a growing non-profit organization
- Strong organizational abilities, time management skills and ability to prioritize and manage multiple projects.
- Strong interpersonal skills and public communication abilities including excellent writing and computer skills, including MS Excel
- Strong commitment to education and working within the local community and people of all ages
- Ability to work well independently, as a member of a high functioning team and developing effective working relationships with people from a variety of backgrounds
- Ability to work well under pressure
- Basic carpentry skills and enthusiasm to improve them
- Proficiency to operate tractors and other mechanical equipment routinely used in farming
- Energetic, dynamic and engaging personality
- Current First Aid and CPR certification
- Bachelor's degree related to Sustainable Agriculture or Livestock Management is desired but not required
- Must be able to work a variable work schedule, which includes work on weekends and holidays
Physical Requirements
- Requires ability to operate and provide basic service of equipment used in farming.
- Requires ability to sit at computer for several hours at a time
- Ability to lift 30+ pounds.
- Ability to withstand prolonged exposure to variable weather conditions
The Livestock Manager is a full-time, year round, exempt position. Starting salary is commensurate with experience. As a full time employee the Livestock Manager is eligible for benefits offered by Wolfe's Neck Farm, including: health insurance, dental insurance, paid vacation and holidays and our retirement savings plan. Onsite housing may be available.
To Apply
Please email a cover letter and resume to email@example.com with Livestock Manager as the subject line. In the interest of reducing waste, please do not mail a hard copy of your materials. Interested applicants are encouraged to apply ASAP. No phone calls please. Position posted 1/31/14.
Wolfe's Neck Farm Foundation is an Equal Opportunity Employer and values diversity in the workplace.


text: Mike Cahill's I ORIGINS is out in select theaters today, and to mark the occasion The Creators Project have released their in-depth behind-the-scenes video from the making of the movie. It really gives a fresh perspective on what is already shaping up to be the indie sci-fi film of the year. You can check out the full article here, and peep the video below.


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Items can be returned in their original condition within 28 days of receiving your order for FREE! Exchanges only apply for the same item in a different size or colour. Send your unwanted items back using your preferred returns service:
1. Download an print a returns form by clicking here
2. Print and complete this form, then pop inside your parcel
3. UK customers create your FREE tracked shipping label by clicking here
Customers outside the UK please see below on how to request your free shipping label.
4. Print and attach your shipping label to the outside of your parcel.
5. Send with your chosen return service. Returns will be processed within 7 days from the date of return.
European Returns
To arrange a European Return please email us via email@example.com
In the email header please enter the title;
In the email please confirm the following information;
Once we receive all information we will arrange for the item to be returned to us via DPD. You will receive an email from DPD confirming return instructions and a returns label. The item should be returned to us in the original condition & packaging that it arrived in, where possible, and dropped at your nearest available DPD Shop (this information will be included within your return instructions supplied by DPD).
Returning an item can take 3-5 working days subject to the country you are sending from.
Please note refunds can take 5-7 working days to process from the time it is delivered to us (subject to payment option used at time of purchase).
For assistance with returns and refunds please contact us via email@example.com or call us on +44 191 262 3859.


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Laser vision correction
Make an appointment to laser vision correction.
Laser vision correction (laser refractive surgery) – consists in modelling of the anterior corneal surface with laser which results in elimination of refractive error. It flattens the cornea in the centre in myopic patients and steepens the cornea in hyperopic patients so their vision after the surgery is as good as in the best-fitted glasses before the procedure. Laser vision correction offers a safe alternative to traditional eyeglasses and contact lenses. Laser surgery is a permanent method which restores a complete visual acuity. The patients confirm that the effects are noticeable as soon as on the second day after the procedure.
At present, laser vision correction is the safest way of a permanent elimination of refractive errors such as: myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism. The range of available spherical powers to correct refractive errors varies from -12.0 to +6,0 dioptres and up to 6.0 cylinder dioptres in case of astigmatism.
The qualifying examination includes the following package of tests:
WF Optimized is considered to be one of the best technologies in the world due to the increased intraoperative safety, wider range of spherical powers to correct refractive errors, higher precision and quality of vision after the procedure. It is recommended for patients who require a fast vision correction and reduced discomfort after the procedure.
WF Optimized is qualified as a deep method which means that during the procedure we
prepare a corneal flap with a femtosecond laser and deflect it. After that, we start the proper reshaping of the cornea through touchless change of its structure with an excimer laser. The mean time of corneal exposure to laser does not exceed 10 seconds. Then, the flap is placed back and after a short time it sucks on so strongly that margins of the incision are practically invisible. Therefore, one of the greatest advantages of this method is shorter recovery time. It is worth to mention that it enables to correct high refractive errors (from -7.0 to +2.00 dioptres and 2.0 dioptres of astigmatism).
The advantages of WF Optimized method:
The range of available spherical powers to correct refractive errors varies from -12.0 to +6.0 dioptres and 6.0 dioptres of astigmatism. The wider range of spherical powers is related to the more personalized approach which is offered by vDesign-based procedures. Such procedures are offered to persons with eye parameters exceeding the reference range for WF Optimized method. The exemplary parameters include:
At the level of an operating theatre, the course of this procedure does not differ from WF Optimized method.
Qualifying examination
Procedure cost
from 3 199 PLN


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Good morning! I hope you have some great adventure planned for today or at least your dolls do!
From Fawn – Betta and her bestie, Vivienne, took advantage of the Labor Day sales to get new school shoes. Her mom said she could get two pair – one practical and one whimsical – because, after all, what is life without a little whimsy. For practicality she chose the black Mary Janes because they could be worn for casual or dress. Then she took a walk on the wild side and tried on the polk-a-dot high tops with the patent leather toes. Vivienne liked the sparkly red flats with the bows and tried to persuade her to get them instead. Which pair do you think Betta chose?
I brushed and styled my six AG dolls' hair last week. McKenna has a waterfall braid, Molly has much improved hair in pigtail braids, Kaya's hair is down, Nicki has a messy bun, Saige has a small braid, and Felicity's hair is in a fishtail braid. They are all playing in the yard and enjoying the cool weather. -From Emmie
From Sewbig. Celebrating "Talk Like a Pirate Day", September 19, 2015. I had the opportunity to sew this 18th Century Shirt and Breeches from Lee & Pearl's newest pattern. Great pattern. Modeled by one of my custom boys.
From Madelon – Grace celebrating Talk Like a Pirate Day, too!
Everyone please give a warm welcome to my two new dolls Julianna Albright and Bailey Grace Thompson! Bailey is Grace GOTY 2015 and Julianna is Julie the Beforever. I got them at AGP Orlando last week and they are just stunning dolls! –AGWorldSisters
Hi everyone! One of my favorite movies of the summer was the Disney Channel Original Movie Descendants and Sadie loves it as well so she dressed up as Evie. (She's rotten to the core!) Bye!
From Charlotte
From Monica – Grace had so much fun celebrating her birthday this week with Callie and Jenna! The girls celebrated with three generations of AG Cafe T-shirts and balloons. Happy Birthday Grace!
From American Girl Doll Crafter – All the dolls have left the house to go shopping, and no one is staying with the pets! In Part 1 of The Big Pet Mess, Pepper and Bonbon get in to some tasty trouble! What will happen next? Click the link to find out!
From Tony – Kanani is looking forward to some beach time after a busy week of school and helping out at Akina's Shave Ice and Sweet Treats shop. She made sure to take her camera in case she sees any monk seals or turtles.
From Agnieszka – This picture shows how thrilled Matilda was to walk the medieval streets of old Torun. I wonder how I managed to take this photo as if she was alone in the street. In fact, all the streets of the old town were crowded with people!
From Luv4dolls – I took Saige outside for a little photo shoot. The stone and red wood back round was made by my Nana. And she is wearing the top from her Sweater Outfit. And the necklace from her accessories.
From melangell. Matilda went to the Renaissance Faire with me today. She is wearing her new dress made from the new Thimbles and Acorns pattern, Gigot Sleeve dress. It is an 1830's dress, so not really Tudor period, but she is so beautiful in this dress I couldn't change her. She is also showing off her autumn colored flowered garland made by me.
Thanks to all who sent in such amazing photos this week – you are fabulous!!
We love seeing what you make for your dolls, adventures they have, and great finds. If you would like to submit your photo for next week's Sunday Showcase, here are the basics:
- RESIZE your photos to 540 pixels wide (this is easy to do using our favorite photo editing site Picmonkey and it saves me valuable time and web server resources)
- Email your photo to firstname.lastname@example.com (it must be your own photo – do not take photos from someone else's site and submit them as your own)
- Put "SUNDAY SHOWCASE" in the subject line (I get a ton of email & this will help ensure yours makes it in)
- Make sure you include a description or caption for your photos
- Please just send in ONE photo per week for the Sunday Showcase so I can include everyone's photos. If you have something longer or want to submit more photos visit the Get Featured page.