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We loved all the Parisian themed wedding on display at Alice and Kevin's Paradise Point Wedding in San Diego. DeShai Roberson from Oh So Chic weddings was event planner and designer behind the beautiful decor for their wedding along San Diego's beautiful Mission Bay hotel and resort. Alice and Kevin met in New York and currently reside in Paris, so the center pieces and decor matched perfectly for the event. Many of the center pieces incorporated mini Eiffel Tower's and colorful French masquerade masks. Alice and Kevin's excellent taste in style is evidenced in their "mad shoe game"; Alice wore Jimmy Choo and Kevin wore Salvatore Ferragamo.
Alice and Kevin's wedding reception at the Paradise Point Resort and Spa took place on New Year's Eve and was scheduled to continue throughout the countdown. DeShai made sure there was plenty of refreshments and snacks on hand (including mini-pizzas and sliders) for everyone to keep the party going well past midnight. DeShai also had sparklers and noise makers handed out to guests to celebrate the big countdown.
We had an awesome time shooting Alice and Kevin's New Years Eve wedding. More photos can be found on Atrero Photography's San Diego Wedding Photographer blog.


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List of birds of the Philippines
This is a list of the bird species recorded in the Philippines. The avifauna of the Philippines include a total of 657 species, of which 214 are endemic, five have been introduced by humans and 52 are rare or accidental. Of these, 68 species are globally threatened.
This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 6th edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for the Philippines.
The following tags have been used to highlight several categories. The commonly occurring native species do not fall into any of these categories.
- (A) Accidental: a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in the Philippines
- (E) Endemic: a species endemic to the Philippines
- (I) Introduced: a species introduced to the Philippines as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions
Order: Podicipediformes Family: Podicipedidae
Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land. There is 1 species which has been recorded in the Philippines.
- Little grebe, Tachybaptus ruficollis
Northern storm petrels[edit]
Order: Procellariiformes Family: Hydrobatidae
- Leach's storm petrel, Oceanodroma leucorhoa (A)
- Swinhoe's storm petrel, Oceanodroma monorhis (A)
Shearwaters and petrels[edit]
Order: Procellariiformes Family: Procellariidae
The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.
- Streaked shearwater, Calonectris leucomelas
- Wedge-tailed shearwater, Ardenna pacificus
Boobies and gannets[edit]
Order: Suliformes Family: Sulidae
The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.
- Red-footed booby, Sula sula
- Brown booby, Sula leucogaster
Order: Suliformes Family: Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage coloration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colorful.
- Great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo
Order: Suliformes Family: Anhingidae
Darters are often called "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark-brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape and a larger bill than the female. The females have much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving.
- Oriental darter, Anhinga melanogaster
Order: Suliformes Family: Fregatidae
Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.
- Lesser frigatebird, Fregata ariel
Bitterns, herons and egrets[edit]
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.
- Gray heron, Ardea cinerea
- Great-billed heron, Ardea sumatrana
- Purple heron, Ardea purpurea
- Great egret, Ardea alba
- Intermediate egret, Ardea intermedia
- Little egret, Egretta garzetta
- Chinese egret, Egretta eulophotes
- Pacific reef heron, Egretta sacra
- Javan pond heron, Ardeola speciosa
- Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis
- Striated heron, Butorides striata
- Black-crowned night heron, Nycticorax nycticorax
- Rufous night heron, Nycticorax caledonicus
- Japanese night heron, Gorsachius goisagi
- Malayan night heron, Gorsachius melanolophus
- Yellow bittern, Ixobrychus sinensis
- Schrenck's bittern, Ixobrychus eurhythmus
- Cinnamon bittern, Ixobrychus cinnamomeus
- Black bittern, Ixobrychus flavicollis
- Great bittern, Botaurus stellaris (A)
Ibises and spoonbills[edit]
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Threskiornithidae
Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.
- Black-headed ibis, Threskiornis melanocephalus (A)
- Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus
- Black-faced spoonbill, Platalea minor (A)
- Eurasian spoonbill, Platalea leucorodia (A)
Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Ciconiidae
Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.
- Woolly-necked stork, Ciconia episcopus
- Oriental stork, Ciconia boyciana (A)
Ducks, geese and swans[edit]
Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae
Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.
- Spotted whistling duck, Dendrocygna guttata
- Wandering whistling duck, Dendrocygna arcuata
- Ruddy shelduck, Tadorna ferruginea (A)
- Common shelduck, Tadorna tadorna (A)
- Cotton pygmy goose, Nettapus coromandelianus
- Eurasian wigeon, Mareca penelope
- American wigeon, Mareca americana (A)
- Gadwall, Mareca strepera (A)
- Eurasian teal, Anas crecca
- Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos (A)
- Eastern spot-billed duck, Anas zonorhyncha
- Spot-billed duck, Anas poecilorhyncha
- Philippine duck, Anas luzonica (E)
- Northern pintail, Anas acuta
- Garganey, Spatula querquedula
- Northern shoveler, Spatula clypeata
- Common pochard, Aythya ferina (A)
- Baer's pochard, Aythya baeri (A)
- Tufted duck, Aythya fuligula
- Greater scaup, Aythya marila (A)
Order: Accipitriformes Family: Pandionidae
The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.
- Osprey, Pandion haliaetus
Hawks, kites and eagles[edit]
Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.
- Jerdon's baza, Aviceda jerdoni
- Philippine honey buzzard, Pernis steerei
- Oriental honey buzzard, Pernis ptilorhynchus
- Black-winged kite, Elanus caeruleus
- Black kite, Milvus migrans (A)
- Cinereous vulture, Aegypius monachus (A)
- Brahminy kite, Haliastur indus
- White-bellied sea eagle, Haliaeetus leucogaster
- Gray-headed fish eagle, Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus
- Crested serpent eagle, Spilornis cheela
- Philippine serpent eagle, Spilornis holospilus (E)
- Eastern marsh harrier, Circus spilonotus
- Pied harrier, Circus melanoleucos (A)
- Crested goshawk, Accipiter trivirgatus
- Chinese goshawk, Accipiter soloensis
- Japanese sparrowhawk, Accipiter gularis
- Besra, Accipiter virgatus
- Gray-faced buzzard, Butastur indicus
- Eastern buzzard, Buteo japonicus
- Philippine eagle, Pithecophaga jefferyi (E)
- Rufous-bellied eagle, Lophotriorchis kienerii
- Changeable hawk-eagle, Nisaetus cirrhatus
- Flores hawk-eagle, Nisaetus floris
- Philippine hawk-eagle, Nisaetus philippensis (E)
- Pinsker's hawk-eagle, Nisaetus pinskeri (E)
Caracaras and falcons[edit]
Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons. There are 62 species worldwide and five species which occur in the Philippines.
- Philippine falconet, Microhierax erythrogenys (E)
- Eurasian kestrel, Falco tinnunculus
- Merlin, Falco columbarius (A)
- Eurasian hobby, Falco subbuteo (A)
- Oriental hobby, Falco severus
- Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus
Order: Galliformes Family: Megapodiidae
The Megapodiidae are stocky, medium-large chicken-like birds with small heads and large feet. All but the malleefowl occupy jungle habitats and most have brown or black coloring. There are 21 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in the Philippines.
- Tabon scrubfowl, Megapodius cumingii
Pheasants and partridges[edit]
Order: Galliformes Family: Phasianidae
The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists of quails, partridges, snowcocks, francolins, spurfowls, tragopans, monals, pheasants, peafowls and jungle fowls. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings. There are 156 species worldwide and 6 species which occur in the Philippines.
- Chinese francolin, Francolinus pintadeanus
- Daurian partridge, Perdix dauurica
- Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica (A)
- Blue-breasted quail, Coturnix chinensis
- Red junglefowl, Gallus gallus
- Palawan peacock-pheasant, Polyplectron napoleonis (E)
Order: Gruiformes Family: Gruidae
Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances". There are 15 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in the Philippines.
- Sarus crane, Grus antigone
- Demoiselle crane, Anthropoides virgo (A)
Rails, crakes, gallinules and coots[edit]
Order: Gruiformes Family: Rallidae
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.
- Red-legged crake, Rallina fasciata
- Slaty-legged crake, Rallina eurizonoides
- Buff-banded rail, Gallirallus philippensis
- Barred rail, Gallirallus torquatus
- Calayan rail, Gallirallus calayanensis (E)
- Slaty-breasted rail, Lewinia striata
- Luzon rail, Rallus mirificus (E)
- Plain bush-hen, Amaurornis olivaceus (E)
- White-breasted waterhen, Amaurornis phoenicurus
- Baillon's crake, Porzana pusilla
- Ruddy-breasted crake, Porzana fusca
- Band-bellied crake, Porzana paykullii
- Spotless crake, Porzana tabuensis
- White-browed crake, Porzana cinerea
- Watercock, Gallicrex cinerea
- Philippine swamphen, Porphyrio pulverulentus
- Common moorhen, Gallinula chloropus
- Eurasian coot, Fulica atra
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Turnicidae
The buttonquails are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young.
- Small buttonquail, Turnix sylvatica
- Red-backed buttonquail, Turnix maculosa
- Spotted buttonquail, Turnix ocellata (E)
- Barred buttonquail, Turnix suscitator
- Luzon buttonquail, Turnix worcesteri (E)
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Jacanidae
The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat. There 8 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in the Philippines.
- Comb-crested jacana, Irediparra gallinacea
- Pheasant-tailed jacana, Hydrophasianus chirurgus
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Rostratulidae
Painted-snipe are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly colored.
- Greater painted-snipe, Rostratula benghalensis
Avocets and stilts[edit]
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills. There are 9 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in the Philippines.
- Black-winged stilt, Himantopus himantopus
- White-headed stilt, Himantopus leucocephalus
- Pied avocet, Recurvirostra avosetta (A)
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Burhinidae
The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.
- Beach thick-knee, Esacus magnirostris
Pratincoles and coursers[edit]
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Glareolidae
Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards. There are 17 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in the Philippines.
- Oriental pratincole, Glareola maldivarum
Plovers and lapwings[edit]
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae
The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water. There are 66 species worldwide and 10 species which occur in the Philippines.
- Gray-headed lapwing, Vanellus cinereus (A)
- Northern lapwing, Vanellus vanellus (A)
- Pacific golden-plover, Pluvialis fulva
- Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola
- Common ringed plover, Charadrius hiaticula (A)
- Little ringed plover, Charadrius dubius
- Snowy plover, Charadrius alexandrinus
- Malaysian plover, Charadrius peronii
- Lesser sandplover, Charadrius mongolus
- Greater sandplover, Charadrius leschenaultii
- Oriental plover, Charadrius veredus
Sandpipers and allies[edit]
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Scolopacidae
Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.
- Eurasian woodcock, Scolopax rusticola
- Bukidnon woodcock, Scolopax bukidnonensis (E)
- Jack snipe, Lymnocryptes minimus (A)
- Latham's snipe, Gallinago hardwickii
- Pintail snipe, Gallinago stenura
- Swinhoe's snipe, Gallinago megala
- Common snipe, Gallinago gallinago
- Asian dowitcher, Limnodromus semipalmatus
- Long-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus scolopaceus (A)
- Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa
- Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica
- Little curlew, Numenius minutus
- Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus
- Bristle-thighed curlew, Numenius tahitiensis (A)
- Eurasian curlew, Numenius arquata
- Far Eastern curlew, Numenius madagascariensis
- Upland sandpiper, Bartramia longicauda (A)
- Common redshank, Tringa totanus
- Spotted redshank, Tringa erythropus (A)
- Marsh sandpiper, Tringa stagnatilis
- Common greenshank, Tringa nebularia
- Nordmann's greenshank, Tringa guttifer
- Green sandpiper, Tringa ochropus
- Wood sandpiper, Tringa glareola
- Gray-tailed tattler, Tringa brevipes
- Wandering tattler, Tringa incana
- Terek sandpiper, Xenus cinereus
- Common sandpiper, Actitis hypoleucos
- Spoon-billed sandpiper, Eurynorhynchus pygmeus (A)
- Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres
- Great knot, Calidris tenuirostris
- Red knot, Calidris canutus
- Sanderling, Calidris alba
- Red-necked stint, Calidris ruficollis
- Little stint, Calidris minuta (A)
- Temminck's stint, Calidris temminckii
- Long-toed stint, Calidris subminuta
- Dunlin, Calidris alpina (A)
- Sharp-tailed sandpiper, Calidris acuminata
- Curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea
- Broad-billed sandpiper, Calidris falcinellus
- Ruff, Calidris pugnax
- Red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus
- Red phalarope, Phalaropus fulicarius (A)
Skuas and jaegers[edit]
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Stercorariidae
The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants. There are 7 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in the Philippines.
- Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus
Gulls, terns, and skimmers[edit]
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns, and skimmers. Gulls are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with gray or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years.
- Black-tailed gull, Larus crassirostris (A)
- Herring gull, Larus argentatus (A)
- Vega gull, Larus vegae (A)
- Caspian gull, Larus cachinnans (A)
- Slaty-backed gull, Larus schistisagus (A)
- Black-headed gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus
- Gull-billed tern, Gelochelidon nilotica
- Caspian tern, Hydroprogne caspia (A)
- White tern, Gygis alba (A)
- Lesser crested tern, Thalasseus bengalensis
- Chinese crested tern, Thalasseus bernsteini (A)
- Great crested tern, Thalasseus bergii
- Roseate tern, Sterna dougallii
- Black-naped tern, Sterna sumatrana
- Common tern, Sterna hirundo
- Little tern, Sternula albifrons
- Aleutian tern, Onychoprion aleuticus (A)
- Bridled tern, Onychoprion anaethetus
- Sooty tern, Onychoprion fuscatus
- Whiskered tern, Chlidonias hybrida
- White-winged tern, Chlidonias leucopterus
- Black noddy, Anous minutus
- Brown noddy, Anous stolidus
Pigeons and doves[edit]
Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae
Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.
- Island collared dove, Streptopelia bitorquata
- Red collared dove, Streptopelia tranquebarica
- Spotted dove, Spilopelia chinensis
- Philippine cuckoo-dove, Macropygia tenuirostris
- Emerald dove, Chalcophaps indica
- Zebra dove, Geopelia striata (E)
- Nicobar pigeon, Caloenas nicobarica
- Luzon bleeding-heart, Gallicolumba luzonica (E)
- Mindanao bleeding-heart, Gallicolumba criniger (E)
- Mindoro bleeding-heart, Gallicolumba platenae (E)
- Negros bleeding-heart, Gallicolumba keayi (E)
- Sulu bleeding-heart, Gallicolumba menagei (E)
- White-eared brown dove, Phapitreron leucotis (E)
- Amethyst brown dove, Phapitreron amethystina (E)
- Tawitawi brown dove, Phapitreron cinereiceps (E)
- Mindanao brown dove, Phapitreron brunneiceps (E)
- Pink-necked green pigeon, Treron vernans
- Philippine green pigeon, Treron axillaris
- Thick-billed green pigeon, Treron curvirostra
- Whistling green pigeon, Treron formosae
- Ashy-headed green pigeon, Treron phayrei
- Philippine green pigeon, Treron axillaris
- Yellow-breasted fruit dove, Ptilinopus occipitalis (E)
- Flame-breasted fruit dove, Ptilinopus marchei (E)
- Cream-bellied fruit dove, Ptilinopus merrilli (E)
- Black-chinned fruit dove, Ptilinopus leclancheri (E)
- Superb fruit dove, Ptilinopus superbus (A)
- Black-naped fruit dove, Ptilinopus melanospila
- Negros fruit dove, Ptilinopus arcanus (E)
- Pink-bellied imperial pigeon, Ducula poliocephala (E)
- Mindoro imperial pigeon, Ducula mindorensis (E)
- Spotted imperial pigeon, Ducula carola (E)
- Green imperial pigeon, Ducula aenea
- Gray imperial pigeon, Ducula pickeringii
- Pied imperial pigeon, Ducula bicolor
- Rock pigeon, Columba livia
- Metallic pigeon, Columba vitiensis
- Philippine collared dove, Streptopelia dusumieri
Order: Psittaciformes Family: Cacatuidae
The cockatoos share many features with other parrots including the characteristic curved beak shape and a zygodactyl foot, with two forward toes and two backwards toes. They differ, however in a number of characteristics, including the often spectacular movable headcrest. There are 21 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in the Philippines.
- Philippine cockatoo, Cacatua haematuropygia (E)
Parrots and allies[edit]
Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittaculidae
- Mindanao lorikeet, Trichoglossus johnstoniae (E)
- Guaiabero, Bolbopsittacus lunulatus (E)
- Luzon racket-tail, Prioniturus montanus (E)
- Mindanao racket-tail, Prioniturus waterstradti (E)
- Blue-headed racket-tail, Prioniturus platenae (E)
- Green racket-tail, Prioniturus luconensis (E)
- Blue-crowned racket-tail, Prioniturus discurus (E)
- Mindoro racket-tail, Prioniturus mindorensis (E)
- Blue-winged racket-tail, Prioniturus verticalis (E)
- Great-billed parrot, Tanygnathus megalorynchos
- Blue-naped parrot, Tanygnathus lucionensis
- Blue-backed parrot, Tanygnathus sumatranus
- Philippine hanging parrot, Loriculus philippensis (E)
- Camiguin hanging parrot, Loriculus (philippensis) camiguinensis (E)
Cuckoos and anis[edit]
Order: Cuculiformes Family: Cuculidae
The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites.
- Chestnut-winged cuckoo, Clamator coromandus
- Hodgson's hawk-cuckoo, Hierococcyx nisicolor
- Large hawk-cuckoo, Hierococcyx sparverioides
- Rufous hawk-cuckoo, Hierococcyx hyperythrus
- Philippine hawk-cuckoo, Hierococcyx pectoralis (E)
- Indian cuckoo, Cuculus micropterus
- Common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus
- Himalayan cuckoo, Cuculus saturatus
- Oriental cuckoo, Cuculus optatus
- Horsfield's cuckoo, Cuculus horsfieldi
- Banded bay cuckoo, Cacomantis sonneratii (A)
- Plaintive cuckoo, Cacomantis merulinus
- Brush cuckoo, Cacomantis variolosus
- Little bronze-cuckoo, Chrysococcyx minutillus
- Violet cuckoo, Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus
- Asian drongo-cuckoo, Surniculus lugubris
- Square-tailed drongo-cuckoo, Surniculus lugubris
- Philippine drongo-cuckoo, Surniculus velutinus (E)
- Asian koel, Eudynamys scolopacea
- Chestnut-breasted malkoha, Phaenicophaeus curvirostris
- Red-crested malkoha, Phaenicophaeus superciliosus (E)
- Scale-feathered malkoha, Phaenicophaeus cumingi (E)
- Rufous coucal, Centropus unirufus (E)
- Black-faced coucal, Centropus melanops (E)
- Black-hooded coucal, Centropus steerii (E)
- Greater coucal, Centropus sinensis
- Philippine coucal, Centropus viridis (E)
- Lesser coucal, Centropus bengalensis
- Pied cuckoo, Clamator jacobinus Rare/Accidental
Barn owls[edit]
Order: Strigiformes Family: Tytonidae
Barn owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.
- Eastern grass owl, Tyto longimembris
- Oriental bay owl, Phodilus badius
Typical owls[edit]
Order: Strigiformes Family: Strigidae
The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
- Reddish scops owl, Otus rufescens
- Palawan scops owl, Otus fuliginosus (E)
- Philippine scops owl, Otus megalotis (E)
- Everett's scops owl, Otus everetti (E)
- Negros scops owl, Otus nigrorum (E)
- Mindanao scops owl, Otus mirus (E)
- Luzon scops owl, Otus longicornis (E)
- Mindoro scops owl, Otus mindorensis (E)
- Oriental scops owl, Otus sunia
- Mantanani scops owl, Otus mantananensis (E)
- Ryukyu scops owl, Otus elegans
- Giant scops owl, Otus gurneyi (E)
- Philippine eagle owl, Bubo philippensis (E)
- Spotted wood owl, Strix seloputo
- Chocolate boobook, Ninox randi (E)
- Brown hawk-owl, Ninox scutulata
- Luzon hawk-owl, Ninox philippensis (E)
- Cebu hawk-owl, Ninox rumseyi (E)
- Camiguin hawk-owl, Ninox leventisi (E)
- Sulu hawk-owl, Ninox reyi (E)
- Mindanao hawk-owl, Ninox spilocephala (E)
- Mindoro hawk-owl, Ninox mindorensis (E)
- Romblon hawk-owl, Ninox spilonotus (E)
- Short-eared owl, Asio flammeus
- Northern boobook, Ninox japonica
Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Podargidae
The frogmouths are a group of nocturnal birds related to the nightjars. They are named for their large flattened hooked bill and huge frog-like gape, which they use to take insects. There are 3 species which have been recorded in the Philippines.
- Philippine frogmouth, Batrachostomus septimus (E)
- Palawan frogmouth, Batrachostomus chaseni (E)
- Sunda frogmouth, Batrachostomus cornutus
Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Caprimulgidae
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.
- Great eared-nightjar, Eurostopodus macrotis
- Grey nightjar, Caprimulgus jotaka
- Large-tailed nightjar, Caprimulgus macrurus
- Philippine nightjar, Caprimulgus manillensis (E)
- Savanna nightjar, Caprimulgus affinis
Order: Apodiformes Family: Apodidae
Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang. There are 18 species which have been recorded in the Philippines.
- Grey-rumped swiftlet, Collocalia marginata
- Ridgetop swiftlet, Collocalia isonota
- Pygmy swiftlet, Collocalia troglodytes (E)
- Philippine swiftlet, Aerodramus mearnsi (E)
- Ameline swiftlet, Aerodramus amelis (E)
- Whitehead's swiftlet, Aerodramus whiteheadi (E)
- Palawan swiftlet, Aerodramus palawanensis (E)
- Mossy-nest swiftlet, Aerodramus salangana
- Black-nest swiftlet, Aerodramus maximus
- Edible-nest swiftlet, Aerodramus fuciphagus
- German's swiftlet, Aerodramus germani
- Philippine needletail, Mearnsia picina (E)
- Brown-backed needletail, Hirundapus giganteus
- Purple needletail, Hirundapus celebensis
- White-throated needletail, Hirundapus caudacutus
- Asian palm swift, Cypsiurus balasiensis
- Pacific swift, Apus pacificus
- House swift, Apus nipalensis
Order: Apodiformes Family: Hemiprocnidae
The treeswifts, also called crested swifts, are closely related to the true swifts. They differ from the other swifts in that they have crests, long forked tails and softer plumage. There are 4 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in the Philippines.
- Gray-rumped treeswift, Hemiprocne longipennis (A)
- Whiskered treeswift, Hemiprocne comata
Order: Trogoniformes Family: Trogonidae
The family Trogonidae includes trogons and quetzals. Found in tropical woodlands worldwide, they feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons have soft, often colorful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage. There are 33 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in the Philippines.
- Philippine trogon, Harpactes ardens (E)
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedinidae
- Common kingfisher, Alcedo atthis
- Blue-eared kingfisher, Alcedo meninting
- Indigo-banded kingfisher, Ceyx cyanopectus (E)
- Northern silvery kingfisher, Ceyx flumenicola (E)
- Southern silvery kingfisher, Ceyx argentatus (E)
- Black-backed kingfisher, Ceyx erithaca
- Philippine kingfisher, Ceyx melanurus (E)
- Rufous-backed kingfisher, Ceyx rufidorsa
- Dimorphic dwarf kingfisher, Ceyx margaethae
- Stork-billed kingfisher, Pelargopsis capensis
- Ruddy kingfisher, Halcyon coromanda
- White-throated kingfisher, Halcyon smyrnensis
- Brown-breasted kingfisher, Halcyon gularis (E)
- Black-capped kingfisher, Halcyon pileata
- Rufous-lored kingfisher, Todirhamphus winchelli (E)
- Collared kingfisher, Todirhamphus chloris
- Spotted kingfisher, Actenoides lindsayi (E)
- Blue-capped kingfisher, Actenoides hombroni (E)
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Meropidae
The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterized by richly colored plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colorful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar. There are 26 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in the Philippines.
- Blue-throated bee-eater, Merops viridis
- Rufous-crowned bee-eater, Merops americanus (E)
- Blue-tailed bee-eater, Merops philippinus
Typical rollers[edit]
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Coraciidae
Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colorful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not. There are 12 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in the Philippines.
- Dollarbird, Eurystomus orientalis
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Upupidae
Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink coloring with a large erectile crest on their head. There are 2 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in the Philippines.
- Hoopoe, Upupa epops (A)
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Bucerotidae
Hornbills are a group of birds whose bill is shaped like a cow's horn, but without a twist, sometimes with a casque on the upper mandible. Frequently, the bill is brightly colored. There are 10 species which occur in the Philippines.
- Palawan hornbill, Anthracoceros marchei (E)
- Sulu hornbill, Anthracoceros montani (E)
- Rufous hornbill, Buceros hydrocorax (E)
- Luzon hornbill, Penelopides manillae (E)
- Mindoro hornbill, Penelopides mindorensis (E)
- Visayan hornbill, Penelopides panini (E)
- Samar hornbill, Penelopides samarensis (E)
- Mindanao hornbill, Penelopides affinis (E)
- Walden's hornbill, Rhabdotorrhinus waldeni (E)
- Writhed hornbill, Rhabdotorrhinus leucocephalus (E)
Order: Piciformes Family: Megalaimidae
The barbets are plump birds, with short necks and large heads. They get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills. Most species are brightly coloured.
- Coppersmith barbet, Psilopogon haemacephalus
Woodpeckers and allies[edit]
Order: Piciformes Family: Picidae
Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.
- Philippine woodpecker, Yungipicus maculatus (E)
- Sulu woodpecker, Yungipicus ramsayi (E)
- White-bellied woodpecker, Dryocopus javensis
- Spot-throated flameback, Dinopium everetti (E)
- Buff-spotted flameback, Chrysocolaptes lucidus (E)
- Luzon flameback, Chrysocolaptes haematribon (E)
- Red-headed flameback, Chrysocolaptes erythrocephalus (E)
- Yellow-faced flameback, Chrysocolaptes xanthocephalus (E)
- Sooty woodpecker, Mulleripicus funebris (A)
- Southern sooty woodpecker, Mulleripicus fuliginosus (E)
- Great slaty woodpecker, Mulleripicus pulverulentus
Order: Passeriformes Family: Eurylaimidae
The broadbills are small, brightly colored birds, which feed on fruit and also take insects in flycatcher fashion, snapping their broad bills. Their habitat is canopies of wet forests. There are 15 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in the Philippines.
- Wattled broadbill, Eurylaimus steerii (E)
- Visayan broadbill, Eurylaimus samarensis (E)
Order: Passeriformes Family: Pittidae
Pittas are medium-sized by passerine standards and are stocky, with fairly long, strong legs, short tails and stout bills. Many are brightly colored. They spend the majority of their time on wet forest floors, eating snails, insects and similar invertebrates.
- Hooded pitta, Pitta sordida
- Azure-breasted pitta, Pitta steerii (E)
- Blue-winged pitta, Pitta moluccensis (A)
- Whiskered pitta, Erythropitta kochi (E)
- Philippine pitta, Erythropitta erythrogaster
Order: Passeriformes Family: Alaudidae
Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds. There are 91 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in the Philippines.
- Australasian bushlark, Mirafra javanica
- Oriental skylark, Alauda gulgula
Swallows and martins[edit]
Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae
The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.
- Sand martin, Riparia riparia
- Grey-throated martin, Riparia chinensis
- Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
- Pacific swallow, Hirundo tahitica
- Striated swallow, Cecropis striolata
- Asian house martin, Delichon dasypus
Wagtails and pipits[edit]
Order: Passeriformes Family: Motacillidae
Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country. There are 54 species worldwide and 9 species which occur in the Philippines.
- Forest wagtail, Dendronanthus indicus
- White wagtail, Motacilla alba
- Yellow wagtail, Motacilla flava
- Eastern yellow wagtail, Motacilla tschutschensis (A)
- Gray wagtail, Motacilla cinerea
- Oriental pipit, Anthus rufulus
- Olive-backed pipit, Anthus hodgsoni
- Pechora pipit, Anthus gustavi
- Red-throated pipit, Anthus cervinus
Order: Passeriformes Family: Campephagidae
The cuckooshrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly grayish with white and black, although some species are brightly colored.
- Bar-bellied cuckooshrike, Coracina striata
- White-bellied cuckooshrike, Coracina papuensis
- McGregor's cuckooshrike, Coracina mcgregori (E)
- Black-bibbed cicadabird, Edolisoma mindanense (E)
- Blackish cuckooshrike, Analisoma coerulescens (E)
- White-winged cuckooshrike, Analisoma ostenta (E)
- Black-and-white triller, Lalage melanoleuca (E)
- Pied triller, Lalage nigra
- Ashy minivet, Pericrocotus divaricatus
- Small minivet, Pericrocotus cinnamomeus
- Fiery minivet, Pericrocotus igneus
- Scarlet minivet, Pericrocotus flammeus
Order: Passeriformes Family: Pycnonotidae
Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colorful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.
- Black-headed bulbul, Brachypodius atriceps
- Yellow-wattled bulbul, Brachypodius urostictus (E)
- Yellow-vented bulbul, Pycnonotus goiavier
- Ashy-fronted bulbul, Pycnonotus cinereifrons (E)
- Olive-winged bulbul, Pycnonotus plumosus
- Palawan bulbul, Alophoixus frater (E)
- Sulphur-bellied bulbul, Iole palawanensis (E)
- Philippine bulbul, Hypsipetes philippinus (E)
- Streak-breasted bulbul, Hypsipetes siquijorensis (E)
- Brown-eared bulbul, Hypsipetes amaurotis
- Yellowish bulbul, Hypsipetes everetti (E)
- Zamboanga bulbul, Hypsipetes rufigularis (E)
- Visayan bulbul, Hypsipetes guimarasensis (E)
- Mindoro bulbul, Hypsipetes mindorensis (E)
Order: Passeriformes Family: Chloropseidae
The leafbirds are small, bulbul-like birds. The males are brightly plumaged, usually in greens and yellows. There are 8 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in the Philippines.
- Philippine leafbird, Chloropsis flavipennis (E)
- Yellow-throated leafbird, Chloropsis palawanensis (E)
Order: Passeriformes Family: Aegithinidae
The ioras are bulbul-like birds of open forest or thorn scrub, but whereas that group tends to be drab in coloration, ioras are sexually dimorphic, with the males being brightly plumaged in yellows and greens. There are 4 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in the Philippines.
- Common iora, Aegithina tiphia
Thrushes and allies[edit]
Order: Passeriformes Family: Turdidae
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
- Chestnut-capped thrush, Geokichla interpres
- Ashy thrush, Geokichla cinerea (E)
- Sunda thrush, Zoothera andromedae
- Scaly thrush, Zoothera dauma
- Island thrush, Turdus poliocephalus
- Eyebrowed thrush, Turdus obscurus
- Pale thrush, Turdus pallidus
- Brown-headed thrush, Turdus chrysolaus
Cisticolas and allies[edit]
Order: Passeriformes Family: Cisticolidae
The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or gray appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub.
- Zitting cisticola, Cisticola juncidis
- Golden-headed cisticola, Cisticola exilis
- Dark-necked tailorbird, Orthotomus atrogularis
- Philippine tailorbird, Orthotomus castaneiceps (E)
- Trilling tailorbird, Orthotomus chloronotus (E)
- Rufous-fronted tailorbird, Orthotomus frontalis (E)
- Gray-backed tailorbird, Orthotomus derbianus (E)
- Rufous-tailed tailorbird, Orthotomus sericeus
- Ashy tailorbird, Orthotomus ruficeps
- Yellow-breasted tailorbird, Orthotomus samarensis (E)
- White-browed tailorbird, Orthotomus nigriceps (E)
- White-eared tailorbird, Orthotomus cinereiceps (E)
Cettid warblers[edit]
Order: Passeriformes Family: Cettiidae
- Timor stubtail, Urosphena subulata
- Asian stubtail, Urosphena squameiceps (A)
- Manchurian bush warbler, Horornis borealis
- Japanese bush warbler, Horornis diphone
- Philippine bush warbler, Horornis seebohmi (E)
- Sunda bush warbler, Horornis vulcania
- Mountain tailorbird, Phyllergates cucullatus
- Rufous-headed tailorbird, Phyllergates heterolaemus (E)
Locustellid warblers[edit]
Order: Passeriformes Family: Locustellidae
- Benguet bush warbler, Locustella seebohmi (E)
- Long-tailed bush warbler, Locustella caudatus (E)
- Rufous-headed tailorbird, Phyllergates heterolaemus (E)
- Lanceolated warbler, Locustella lanceolata
- Pallas's grasshopper warbler, Locustella certhiola
- Middendorff's grasshopper warbler, Locustella ochotensis
- Gray's grasshopper warbler, Locustella fasciolata
- Tawny grassbird, Megalurus timoriensis
- Striated grassbird, Megalurus palustris
- Cordillera ground warbler, Robsonius rabori (E)
- Gray-banded babbler, Robsonius sorsogonensis (E)
- Sierra Madre ground warbler, Robsonius thompsoni (E)
Acrocephalid warblers[edit]
Order: Passeriformes Family: Acrocephalidae
- Streaked reed warbler, Acrocephalus sorghophilus
- Oriental reed warbler, Acrocephalus orientalis
- Clamorous reed warbler, Acrocephalus stentoreus
- Black-browed reed warbler, Acrocephalus bistrigiceps (A)'
Phylloscopid warblers[edit]
Order: Passeriformes Family: Phylloscopidae
- Dusky warbler, Phylloscopus fuscatus (A)
- Radde's warbler, Phylloscopus schwarzi (A)
- Arctic warbler, Phylloscopus borealis
- Ijima's leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus ijimae
- Sulphur-breasted warbler, Phylloscopus ricketti
- Lemon-throated warbler, Phylloscopus cebuensis (E)
- Mountain warbler, Phylloscopus trivirgatus
- Philippine leaf warbler, Phylloscopus olivaceus (E)
- Willow warbler, Phylloscopus trochilus (A)
- Yellow-breasted warbler, Phylloscopus montis
Old World flycatchers[edit]
Order: Passeriformes Family: Muscicapidae
Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.
- White-browed shortwing, Brachypteryx montana
- Chestnut-tailed jungle flycatcher, Rhinomyias ruficauda
- Rusty-flanked jungle flycatcher, Rhinomyias insignis (E)
- Negros jungle flycatcher, Rhinomyias albigularis (E)
- Mindanao jungle flycatcher, Rhinomyias goodfellowi (E)
- Gray-spotted flycatcher, Muscicapa griseisticta
- Siberian dark-sided flycatcher, Muscicapa sibirica
- Asian brown flycatcher, Muscicapa dauurica
- Ash-breasted flycatcher, Muscicapa randi (E)
- Ferruginous flycatcher, Muscicapa ferruginea
- Brown flycatcher, Muscicapa latirostris
- Yellow-rumped flycatcher, Ficedula zanthopygia
- Narcissus flycatcher, Ficedula narcissina
- Mugimaki flycatcher, Ficedula mugimaki
- Taiga flycatcher, Ficedula albicilla (A)
- Bundok flycatcher, Ficedula luzoniensis (E)
- Little slaty flycatcher, Ficedula basilanica (E)
- Palawan flycatcher, Ficedula platenae (E)
- Cryptic flycatcher, Ficedula crypta (E)
- Snowy-browed flycatcher, Ficedula hyperythra
- Furtive flycatcher, Ficedula disposita (E)
- Little pied flycatcher, Ficedula westermanni
- Blue-and-white flycatcher, Cyanoptila cyanomelana
- Island flycatcher, Eumyias panayensis
- Blue-breasted flycatcher, Cyornis herioti (E)
- Palawan blue-flycatcher, Cyornis lemprieri (E)
- Mangrove blue-flycatcher, Cyornis rufigastra
- Siberian rubythroat, Calliope calliope
- Siberian blue robin, Luscinia cyane
- White-browed shama, Copsychus luzoniensis (E)
- White-vented shama, Copsychus niger (E)
- Black shama, Copsychus cebuensis (E)
- Philippine magpie-robin, Copsychus mindanensis (E)
- Visayan shama, Copsychus superciliaris (E)
- White-vented shama, Copsychus niger (E)
- Luzon redstart, Rhyacornis bicolor (E)
- Siberian stonechat, Saxicola maurus
- Pied bushchat, Saxicola caprata
- Northern wheatear, Oenanthe oenanthe (A)
- Bluethroat, Luscinia svecica (A)
- Daurian redstart, Phoenicurus auroreus (A)
- Blue rock thrush, Monticola solitarius
- Bagobo babbler, Leonardina woodi (E)
Order: Passeriformes Family: Rhipiduridae
The fantails are small insectivorous birds which are specialist aerial feeders. There are 7 species which have been recorded in the Philippines.
- Mindanao blue fantail, Rhipidura superciliaris (E)
- Blue-headed fantail, Rhipidura cyaniceps (E)
- Visayan blue fantail, Rhipidura samarensis (E)
- Visayan fantail, Rhipidura albiventris (E)
- Tablas fantail, Rhipidura sauli (E)
- Black-and-cinnamon fantail, Rhipidura nigrocinnamomea (E)
- Philippine pied fantail, Rhipidura nigritorquis (E)
Fairy flycatchers[edit]
Order: Passeriformes Family: Stenostiridae
- Citrine canary-flycatcher, Culicicapa helianthea
Monarch flycatchers[edit]
Order: Passeriformes Family: Monarchidae
The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by flycatching. There are 99 species worldwide and 6 species which occur in the Philippines.
- Short-crested monarch, Hypothymis helenae (E)
- Black-naped monarch, Hypothymis azurea
- Celestial monarch, Hypothymis coelestis (E)
- Japanese paradise-flycatcher, Terpsiphone atrocaudata
- Blue paradise-flycatcher, Terpsiphone cyanescens (E)
- Rufous paradise-flycatcher, Terpsiphone cinnamomea
Whistlers and allies[edit]
Order: Passeriformes Family: Pachycephalidae
The family Pachycephalidae includes the whistlers, shrike-thrushes, shrike-tits, pitohuis and crested bellbird. There are 57 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in the Philippines.
- Mangrove whistler, Pachycephala cinerea
- Green-backed whistler, Pachycephala albiventris (E)
- White-vented whistler, Pachycephala homeyeri (E)
- Yellow-bellied whistler, Pachycephala philippinensis (E)
Order: Passeriformes Family: Timaliidae
The babblers, or timaliids, are somewhat diverse in size and coloration, but are characterized by soft fluffy plumage.
- Pin-striped tit-babbler, Macronus gularis
- Brown tit-babbler, Macronus striaticeps (E)
- Visayan miniature babbler, Micromacronus leytensis (E)
- Mindanao miniature babbler, Micromacronus sordidus (E)
Ground babblers[edit]
Order: Passeriformes Family: Pellorneidae
- Ashy-headed babbler, Malacocincla cinereiceps (E)
- Palawan babbler, Malacopteron palawanense (E)
- Striated wren-babbler, Ptilocichla mindanensis (E)
- Falcated wren-babbler, Ptilocichla falcata (E)
Order: Passeriformes Family: Zosteropidae
The white-eyes are small and mostly undistinguished, their plumage above being generally some dull color like greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As their name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye. There are 96 species worldwide and 18 species which occur in the Philippines.
- Japanese white-eye, Zosterops japonicus
- Lowland white-eye, Zosterops meyeni (E)
- Everett's white-eye, Zosterops everetti
- Yellowish white-eye, Zosterops nigrorum (E)
- Mountain white-eye, Zosterops montanus
- Mindanao white-eye, Lophozosterops goodfellowi (E)
- Cinnamon white-eye, Hypocryptadius cinnamomeus (E)
- Chestnut-faced babbler, Zosterornis whiteheadi (E)
- Luzon striped-babbler, Zosterornis striatus (E)
- Panay striped-babbler, Zosterornis latistriatus (E)
- Negros striped-babbler, Zosterornis nigrorum (E)
- Palawan striped-babbler, Zosterornis hypogrammicus (E)
- Golden-crowned babbler, Sterrhoptilus dennistouni (E)
- Black-crowned babbler, Sterrhoptilus nigrocapitatus (E)
- Rusty-crowned babbler, Sterrhoptilus capitalis (E)
- Flame-templed babbler, Dasycrotapha speciosa (E)
- Visayan pygmy-babbler, Dasycrotapha pygmaea (E)
- Mindanao pygmy-babbler, Dasycrotapha plateni (E)
Thornbills and allies[edit]
Order: Passeriformes Family: Acanthizidae
Thornbills are small passerine birds, similar in habits to the tits. There are 65 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in the Philippines.
- Golden-bellied gerygone, Gerygone sulphurea
Chickadees and titmice[edit]
Order: Passeriformes Family: Paridae
The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects. There are 59 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in the Philippines.
- Elegant tit, Pardaliparus elegans (E)
- Palawan tit, Pardaliparus amabilis (E)
- White-fronted tit, Sittiparus semilarvatus (E)
Order: Passeriformes Family: Sittidae
Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet. There are 24 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in the Philippines.
- Velvet-fronted nuthatch, Sitta frontalis
- Sulphur-billed nuthatch, Sitta oenochlamys (E)
Sunbirds and spiderhunters[edit]
Order: Passeriformes Family: Nectariniidae
The sunbirds and spiderhunters are very small passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Flight is fast and direct on their short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed.
- Brown-throated sunbird, Anthreptes malacensis
- Grey-throated sunbird, Anthreptes griseigularis
- Copper-throated sunbird, Leptocoma calcostetha
- Purple-throated sunbird, Leptocoma sperata
- Olive-backed sunbird, Cinnyris jugularis
- Gray-hooded sunbird, Aethopyga primigenius (E)
- Mount Apo sunbird, Aethopyga boltoni (E)
- Lina's sunbird, Aethopyga linaraborae (E)
- Flaming sunbird, Aethopyga flagrans (E)
- Maroon-naped sunbird, Aethopyga guimarasensis (E)
- Metallic-winged sunbird, Aethopyga pulcherrima (E)
- Luzon sunbird, Aethopyga decorosa (E)
- Bohol sunbird, Aethopyga jefferyi (E)
- Lovely sunbird, Aethopyga shelleyi (E)
- Handsome sunbird, Aethopyga bella (E)
- Magnificent sunbird, Aethopyga magnifica (E)
- Fire-tailed sunbird, Aethopyga ignicauda
- Little spiderhunter, Arachnothera longirostra
- Naked-faced spiderhunter, Arachnothera clarae (E)
- Pale spiderhunter, Arachnothera dilutior (E)
- Orange-tufted spiderhunter, Arachnothera flammifera
Order: Passeriformes Family: Dicaeidae
The flowerpeckers are very small, stout, often brightly colored birds, with short tails, short thick curved bills and tubular tongues. There are 44 species worldwide and 15 species which occur in the Philippines.
- Olive-backed flowerpecker, Prionochilus olivaceus (E)
- Palawan flowerpecker, Prionochilus plateni (E)
- Thick-billed flowerpecker, Dicaeum agile
- Whiskered flowerpecker, Dicaeum proprium (E)
- Olive-capped flowerpecker, Dicaeum nigrilore (E)
- Flame-crowned flowerpecker, Dicaeum anthonyi (E)
- Bicolored flowerpecker, Dicaeum bicolor (E)
- Cebu flowerpecker, Dicaeum quadricolor (E)
- Red-striped flowerpecker, Dicaeum australe (E)
- Red-keeled flowerpecker, Dicaeum haematostictum (E)
- Scarlet-collared flowerpecker, Dicaeum retrocinctum (E)
- Orange-bellied flowerpecker, Dicaeum trigonostigma
- White-bellied flowerpecker, Dicaeum hypoleucum (E)
- Pygmy flowerpecker, Dicaeum pygmaeum (E)
- Fire-breasted flowerpecker, Dicaeum ignipectus
Old World orioles[edit]
Order: Passeriformes Family: Oriolidae
The Old World orioles are colorful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles. There are 29 species worldwide and 5 species which occur in the Philippines.
- Dark-throated oriole, Oriolus xanthonotus
- White-lored oriole, Oriolus albiloris (E)
- Philippine oriole, Oriolus steerii (E)
- Isabela oriole, Oriolus isabellae (E)
- Black-naped oriole, Oriolus chinensis
Order: Passeriformes Family: Irenidae
The fairy-bluebirds are bulbul-like birds of open forest or thorn scrub. The males are dark-blue and the females a duller green. There are 2 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in the Philippines.
- Asian fairy-bluebird, Irena puella
- Philippine fairy-bluebird, Irena cyanogaster (E)
Order: Passeriformes Family: Laniidae
Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey. There are 31 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in the Philippines.
- Tiger shrike, Lanius tigrinus (A)
- Brown shrike, Lanius cristatus
- Long-tailed shrike, Lanius schach
- Gray-capped shrike, Lanius validirostris (E)
Order: Passeriformes Family: Dicruridae
The drongos are mostly black or dark gray in color, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright when perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground.
- Ashy drongo, Dicrurus leucophaeus
- Crow-billed drongo, Dicrurus annectens
- Hair-crested drongo, Dicrurus hottentottus
- Balicassiao, Dicrurus balicassius (E)
- Spangled drongo, Dicrurus bracteatus
- Black drongo, Dicrurus macrocercus (A)
- Tablas drongo, Dicrurus menagei (E)
Order: Passeriformes Family: Artamidae
The woodswallows are soft-plumaged, somber-colored passerine birds. They are smooth, agile flyers with moderately large, semi-triangular wings. There are 11 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in the Philippines.
- White-breasted woodswallow, Artamus leucorynchus
Crows, jays, ravens and magpies[edit]
Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae
The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence. There are 120 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in the Philippines.
- Slender-billed crow, Corvus enca
- Large-billed crow, Corvus macrorhynchos
Order: Passeriformes Family: Sturnidae
Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.
- Asian glossy starling, Aplonis panayensis
- Short-tailed starling, Aplonis minor
- Apo myna, Basilornis miranda (E)
- Coleto, Sarcops calvus (E)
- Common hill myna, Gracula religiosa
- Crested myna, Acridotheres cristatellus (I)
- White-shouldered starling, Sturnia sinensis (A)
- Chestnut-cheeked starling, Agropsar philippensis
- Daurian starling, Agropsar sturninus (A)
- Red-billed starling, Spodiopsar sericeus (A)
- White-cheeked starling, Spodiopsar cineraceus (A)
- Rosy starling, Pastor roseus
- European starling, Sturnus vulgaris
- Stripe-sided rhabdornis, Rhabdornis mysticalis (E)
- Long-billed rhabdornis, Rhabdornis grandis (E)
- Stripe-breasted rhabdornis, Rhabdornis inornatus (E)
- Visayan rhabdornis, Rhabdornis rabori (E)
Waxbills and allies[edit]
Order: Passeriformes Family: Estrildidae
The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colors and patterns. There are 141 species worldwide and 10 species which occur in the Philippines.
- Red avadavat, Amandava amandava
- Tawny-breasted parrotfinch, Erythrura hyperythra
- Green-faced parrotfinch, Erythrura viridifacies (E)
- Red-eared parrotfinch, Erythrura coloria (E)
- Dusky munia, Lonchura fuscans
- Nutmeg mannikin, Lonchura punctulata
- White-bellied munia, Lonchura leucogastra
- Chestnut munia, Lonchura atricapilla
- Java sparrow, Padda oryzivora (I)
- Pin-tailed parrotfinch, Erythrura prasina (A)
Buntings, sparrows, seedeaters and allies[edit]
Order: Passeriformes Family: Emberizidae
The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. In Europe, most species are called buntings. In North America, most of the species in this family are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns. There are 275 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in the Philippines.
- Little bunting, Emberiza pusilla (A)
- Yellow-breasted bunting, Emberiza aureola (A)
- Yellow bunting, Emberiza sulphurata
Siskins, crossbills and allies[edit]
Order: Passeriformes Family: Fringillidae
Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.
- Brambling, Fringilla montifringilla (A)
- Red crossbill, Loxia curvirostra
- Eurasian siskin, Spinus spinus (A)
- Mountain serin, Chrysocorythus estherae
- White-cheeked bullfinch, Pyrrhula leucogenis (E)
Order: Passeriformes Family: Passeridae
Sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or gray birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects. There are 35 species worldwide and 2 species which occurs in the Philippines.
- Eurasian tree sparrow, Passer montanus
- Cinnamon ibon, Hypocryptadius cinnamomeus (E)
See also[edit]
- Lepage, Denis. "Checklist of birds of the Philippines". Bird Checklists of the World. Avibase. Retrieved 27 April 2007.
- Clements, James F. (2000). Birds of the World: a Checklist. Cornell University Press. p. 880. ISBN 0-934797-16-1.


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Friday, September 2, 3008
Fry exhaled as he saw the comfortingly familiar sight of a certain petite, black-haired female wearing a pink hooded midriff sweater, equally pink sweatpants, and dark pink boots walking into the light.
It's only Amy, Fry thought with relief. And she's okay.
He desperately wanted to talk to Amy and ask what had happened to her. She had been declared missing for the past four months, and every day since her disappearance, Fry had wondered where she was and if she was all right.
As he watched Amy walk leisurely into the dimly lit alley, Fry caught sight of her expression. She wore a nonchalant smile that was all too cheerful for someone wandering around a rain-soaked city at night, especially one becoming increasingly populated by fierce, bloodsucking creatures.
Where has she been all this time? Fry wondered. Does she know about the nightwalkers? Should I warn her?
He hesitated at that last thought, remembering the strict instructions he'd been given back at EIB headquarters. The EIB was a top secret organization, and in order to keep it that way, he'd been ordered not to expose his presence to any civilians. He figured he'd look a little silly popping out of the blue looking like a redheaded Solid Snake.
At the same time, though, Fry figured it would be right to warn Amy about the terror secretly going on in the city. After all, it was his sworn duty to protect the public from the nightwalker threat, and as long as he was doing just that, what did it matter if Amy saw that he was a soldier? She knew him; they were co-workers. She'd understand.
Fry started to get up and reveal himself to Amy.
A second figure appeared from around the same darkened corner that Amy had come from. Fry suddenly stopped and stayed crouched behind his cover.
The figure approached Amy at the same unhurried pace that she was walking at. As it was nearly shrouded by shadows, Fry could only make out its shape at first. It was that of a portly man that, strangely enough, also looked familiar to him.
As the rotund figure entered the light, Fry recognized the man by the blue jacket he wore over a white shirt tucked into blue pants, along with his thick gray mustache and brown cap.
The man was Scruffy, the janitor at Planet Express.
What is Scruffy doing following Amy into an alley at this time of night? Fry wondered. And in the rain, too?
Fry studied Scruffy a bit more. He thought he could make out what looked like an excited smile underneath his mustache, widening with every step he took toward the Chinese-Martian intern.
Fry figured that something was definitely wrong with the scene unfolding in front of his eyes. Amy and Scruffy looked much too happy given the darkness, the weather, and the city's horrific ongoings. Fry noticed that Scruffy was trailing a few yards behind Amy, who was smiling and humming innocently.
Is he . . . stalking her?! Fry thought, unable to believe what he was seeing.
Fry dismissed that last query after Amy stopped in her tracks and turned around to face Scruffy, whom she allowed to walk right up to her without any hesitation. Amy stopped humming, but her cheery mien didn't fade. She raised her pretty almond-shaped eyes up to his and gave him a playful, teasing smile.
Fry heard a soft chuckle emerge from Scruffy's throat.
It dawned on Fry that Amy apparently lured Scruffy into the alley for a purpose — and, judging from their behavior, he couldn't decide if the purpose was amusing or disturbing.
Fry knew that Amy had a tendency to be promiscuous. But he never thought he'd see the day when she'd get romantic with a porn-obsessed janitor more than twice her age.
Amy reached out and clasped Scruffy's hands in hers.
This isn't like Amy at all, Fry thought. He figured that if she was going to get like that with somebody, a dark, rain-soaked alley would be the last place she'd do it. And Scruffy would be one of the last people she'd do it with.
A cold chill ran down Fry's spine as his nostrils were invaded by the same sweet odor he had smelled down in the sewer before Leela's mother was attacked. It was the smell of a nightwalker, and it smelled strong, as though it was emanating from somewhere nearby.
"So, is this where we're gonna . . ." Scruffy started to ask, but his remaining words caught in his throat when Amy suddenly pulled away from him.
"Hey —" Scruffy cut his cry short when he saw what was happening to Amy. His eyes bulged and his mouth dropped open in an expression of terror.
Fry matched Scruffy's horrified look as he saw Amy begin to transform. She appeared to grow in height, uttering what sounded like a grunt of pain as she lowered her head to one side and covered her face with one hand. The color began to fade from Amy's skin. She then jerked her head to the other side and hid her face with her other hand, a deeper grunt emanating from her throat. Amy's skin was now ash-gray. The grunt then crescendoed into a frightening, inhuman growl as she raised her face to the sky, then turned to face Scruffy, whom she was now taller than by a few inches.
Fry noticed to his growing horror that Amy's fingers were now tipped with razor-sharp claws.
Upon seeing Amy's face, Scruffy's face became pallid with intense fear. His legs gave out and he fell on his rear end, his breath coming out in short gasps.
"W-what the hell?" Scruffy stammered, moving backwards on his hands and feet toward the dumpsters next to Fry. "What are you?"
Amy didn't answer Scruffy's question. Instead, she let out a fierce roar of attack and charged the helpless janitor.
"No! Get away from me!" Scruffy shrieked, the pitch of his voice rising along with his terror.
Fry's mouth fell open and his eyes grew wide with horror as he saw what had become of Amy's formerly attractive face. Her skin was strikingly pale, pale as death. Her eyes, now green and monstrous, were narrowed into hateful slits as she glared down at what would be her prey. Saliva dripped from her canine teeth which had elongated into pointed, dagger-like fangs.
He only noticed these details for a few seconds, but it was already enough to fuel his nightmares for weeks.
Fry raised both hands over his mouth to keep from screaming as he watched Amy lunge at Scruffy with superhuman speed. She swept her arm low and quickly slashed at the janitor, plunging her claws into his stomach and up his chest.
Blood sprayed from Scruffy's fresh wounds and spattered onto the concrete ground. His body flew backward against the dumpster like a ragdoll being hit by a speeding train. Fry shut his eyes and winced at the loud bang made by Scruffy's limp body as it collided with the dumpster. The janitor then lay in a sitting position against it, motionless.
Fry's heart beat against his chest like a jackhammer. He couldn't believe what he had just witnessed, that he was this close to this fanged killing machine that used to be petite, cute Amy Wong.
As much as Fry wanted tear his eyes away from the grisly scene, he couldn't. A sort of morbid curiosity kept his eyes glued on Amy as she staggered zombie-like toward Scruffy's corpse.
Fry felt a sick, queasy feeling in the pit of his stomach watching Amy's strange, non-fluid movements as she staggered through the pool of blood that Scruffy sat dead in. It filled him with the horrifying realization that Amy was no longer human. She was now a creature — a savage, bloodthirsty creature with no restraint.
Fry's realization was all the more confirmed when Amy reached down, grabbed Scruffy's body from under his arms, and lifted him up. Then, she sank her fangs deep into the janitor's neck, feeding on his remaining blood. Copious amounts of gore spurted out from Scruffy's neck and splashed onto the concrete ground.
Fry felt bile rise up in his throat once again. He closed his eyes tightly to shut out the scene and quell his nausea, but he could still hear the sickening squelching sounds of Amy draining the blood from Scruffy's body and the gore splattering onto the ground.
Make it stop . . . make it stop . . . Fry pleaded in his mind. He felt sick to his stomach just listening to Amy feed on Scruffy. Watching and listening to a scene like this in a horror movie was bad; watching and listening to it in real life from only a few feet away was much worse because there were no cheesy-looking special effects — this was the real thing.
Knowing he could be next if he wasn't careful, Fry's stomach tied in nervous knots.
After several seconds, Amy pulled her fangs out of Scruffy's neck. The blood stopped gushing. She lifted the janitor up from under his arms and effortlessly tossed his body into an open dumpster as if it weighed nothing.
Amy then turned to look into the alley to Fry's left — his only escape route.
His heart pounding, Fry crept to the left along the wall he was crouching against, away from Amy. He lowered his display over his eyes and examined his radar.
Since she was in nightwalker form, Amy was already marked as a hostile. She appeared as a red triangle on the radar. A much larger red triangle fanned out from one point and spread across the alley that Leela had previously gone through. This triangle represented Amy's field of vision.
For half a minute, Fry watched the symbols intently, waiting for Amy to move or look away. She glared fiercely into the alley on the left and didn't budge, waiting for her next meal.
Fry's heart sank as he realized his predicament. With a dead end alley behind him and Amy guarding his only escape route, he had nowhere to go but into the eyes of the enemy.
He was trapped.
To be continued ...


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Cuco is the Executive Director of the non-profit, Centro Jalisco — the State of Jalisco's international office in San Francisco — working as the official liaison between Jalisco's innovation ecosystem and Silicon Valley. He is key in promoting the synergy and collaboration between companies, entrepreneurs, government, education, and capital.
Cuco's career began in engineering but quickly moved to design, working for some of Silicon Valley's top companies in both the Software and Biotech industries. Seeing a gap in the design practice, Cuco left Citrix in 2014 to start his own digital agency —TWO22— and later co-founded Bexi, a Design-as-a-Service startup, where he now serves as an advisor. His background in engineering and design are just the complement to his most important skill: connecting people.


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quinta-feira, 12 de maio de 2011
Gaga on V Magazine
Publicada por thatgirlfashionblog à(s) 13:20
Etiquetas: Elton John, Lady Gaga, Summer 2011, V magazine
3 comentários:
I love this cover, it's really stunning!ResponderEliminar
Enter My Giveaway Here!
love it, she is always bring something unordinary, great artist!!!ResponderEliminar
Do you know that Lady Gaga covers the latest issue of VMagazine. Its also available for iPads with an exclusive 2.5 minutes of video from her upcoming second studio album – Born This Way, (which is due for release on 23 May). Check it out at Other Edition Newsstand.ResponderEliminar
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Social Security applies to all employees working within the Marshall Islands and RMI citizens working outside the Marshall Islands, and includes self- employed persons, with or without employees. It also applies to every employer doing business in the Marshall Islands, which is required to contribute an amount equal to that contributed by employees.
Currently, the maximum taxable wages for employees is $5,000 per calendar quarter. In the case of self employed individuals with one or more employees, the tax is based on the actual wages or at twice the wages of the highest paid worker, whichever is greater, in the calendar quarter the employees whose earnings were reported.
Self-employed individuals without employees are taxed based on their gross revenue per calendar quarter, which is multiplied by 75% to arrive at the gross taxable wages.
Taxable earing
Taxable earings cover compensation of any kind, including without limitation any salary, wage, bonus, tip, stipend, allowance of fee, paid by the employer to or on behalf of the worker in cash or in any other form, but not including:
- all wages received by virtue of any international agreement
- income earned outside the Marshall Islands
- compensation for sickness or accident (other than sick leave)
- reimbursement of medical or hospitalization expenses
- payment from trust or annuity
- payment for casual labor not exceeding one week in any month of a quarter if the worker is not performed in the course of the employer's trade or business
- reasonable housing and travel allowances
- all wages in excess of the maximum taxable wages of $5,000 per quarter.
Reporting Period
All employers are required to file the quarterly SS tax returns and play the contributions within the ten day period following the end of each quarter ending on:
- March 31st
- June 30th
- September 30th
- December 31st
Reporting deadline shall be:
- 1st quarter - April 10th
- 2nd quarter - July 10th
- 3rd quarter - October 10th
- 4th quarter - January 10th
Workers and their employers each contribute a percentage of their wages to the Retirement and Health Funds according to the following schedule:
- Retirement Fund: 7% for wages paid from 1, 2001 to present
- Health Fund: 3.5% for wages paid from January 1, 2002 to present


text:
Spencer: 11 Months
My Spencer,
11 months! You're growing, developing and becoming your own little person right before our eyes.
You took your first step this past week! But since, you haven't been interested in revisiting the subject since crawling is more efficient for you.
You've learned to say "uh uh" when you drop something. You also say Duckie, Kitty Cat, can wave, and kinda say bye.
You've finally learned to like human food, moving past baby purées for the most part. You love ravioli with marinara. Your eyes light up when I hand you a peanut butter spoon. And, you love yogurt for breakfast.
You live for remotes, cell phones, tissues (to tear in a million small pieces and then to eat) and paper, and sadly, will no longer wear anything on your head. All those days of cute headpieces are currently on pause.
You go on growing and doing your thing... I'll just be over here cherishing and treasuring your last month in infancy while living in complete denial you're about to turn one.
Fastest year ever.
I love you and love watching you blossom.


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text:
Population from Census 2015 - 68,556
Learn more about how fast Grande Prairie is growing.
Discover how YOU can get involved with your local government
Exciting things are happening downtown Grande Prairie.
Keep up to date with the Downtown Rehabilitation Project here!
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Report Non-emergency issues, like potholes and graffiti online with SeeClickFix
For more information on who the RCMP is and what the RCMP does, please visit any of the following pages:
History and Outlook
A look at some of the major events and features that have defined the Grande Prairie RCMP
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K Division Homepage
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Contact Us eServices
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text:
Basic Information about Broccoli
Broccoli is an herbaceous plant of the family which includes cabbage, kale, and cauliflower.
It has large dark green leaves, with central head of green color built from many small bouquet of broccoli.
Plant broccoli originated in Italy and was created from the Italian word broccoli which means branch.
Today it is widespread throughout the world and has pronounced healing properties, especially when it comes to preventing cancer.
Today it is widespread throughout the world and has pronounced healing properties, especially when it comes to preventing cancer.
What is the Nutritional Composition of Broccoli?
Broccoli belongs to group of low-calorie foods, and has numerous vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients and plant fibers.
Of minerals, broccoli contains: calcium, potassium, phosphorus, iron, sulfur, zinc, sodium and chromium.
The vitamin composition is as follows: folic acid, vitamin B complex, vitamin C, vitamin A and E.
What are the Health Benefits of Broccoli?
1. In broccoli, there are numerous phytonutrients that possess antioxidant activity which classified broccoli as high-value food in the fight against cancer, especially colon cancer and breast cancer.
2. Fibers in broccoli assist in food digestion. Fibers prevent the occurrence of constipation, and reduce the level of cholesterol released into the intestine.
3. Broccoli is good food for children and pregnant women because of the abundance of folic acid and iron. Ensures proper development of the fetus and prevents anemia.
4. Calcium from broccoli is very important for women in menopause, which is why this group would need to use more broccoli in diet to help protect against osteoporosis.
5. The high level of potassium and vitamin B complex enable the proper operation and function of the nervous system.
6. Broccoli provides a lot of Vitamin C which is why it is best to be eaten fresh or steamed in order to prevent diseases and strengthening of the immune system.
7. sulfur from broccoli, which gives it a characteristic odor is also good protection against Helicobacter in the stomach.
8. Broccoli alkalized body which is very important in maintaining general health.


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Crystal Fink CPM, LM
117 Sheraton Dr. Salem, VA 24153 Phone: (540) 676-7288 Fax: (540) 301-1768
Email: email@example.com www.breathoflifemidwifery.webs.com
The Code of Virginia (Law) requires that licensed midwives "disclose to their patients, when appropriate, options for consultation and referral to a physician and evidence-based information on health risks associated with birth of a child outside of a hospital or birthing center." Regulations for Licensed Midwives specify that:
Upon initiation of care, a midwife shall review the client's medical history in order to identify pre-existing conditions or indicators that require disclosure of risk for home birth. The midwife shall offer standard tests and screenings for evaluating risks and shall document client response to such recommendations. The midwife shall also continually assess the pregnant woman and baby in order to recognize conditions that may arise during the course of care that require disclosure of risk for birth outside of a hospital or birthing center.
The risk factors or conditions that require disclosures are listed in regulation. If any of these conditions or factors are presented, the midwife is to:
1) Request and review the client's medical history, including records of the current or previous pregnancies;2) Disclose to the client the risks associated with a birth outside of a hospital or birthing center; and3) Provide options for consultation and referral.
Regulations require that if the risks factors or criteria have been identified that may indicate health risks associated with birth of a child outside a hospital or birthing center, the midwife must provide evidence-based information on such risks and must document in the client record the assessment of all health risks that pose a potential for a high risk pregnancy and, if appropriate, the provision of disclosures and evidence-based information.
For each of the risks factors or conditions identified, this guidance document provides evidence-based information and a format to record in a client's record the disclosure of information and options for consultation and referral.
To access the evidence-based information and disclosure for a particular conditions or risk, click on the link in the index below. The midwife may then print the form for that condition or risk for presentation and discussion with the client and have the form signed for inclusion in the client record.
1. Intrapartum Risk Factors
2. Abnormal fetal cardiac rate or rhythm
3. Active cancer
4. Acute or chronic thrombophlebitis
5. Anemia (hematocrit less than 30 or hemoglobin less than 10 at term)
6. Any pregnancy with abnormal fetal surveillance tests
7. Blood coagulation defect
8. Body Mass Index (BMI) equal to or greater than 30
9. Cardiac disease
10. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease including asthma
11. Ectopic pregnancy
12. Essential chronic hypertension over 140/90
13. Genital herpes or partner with genital herpes
14. History of hemoglobinopathies
15. HIV positive status with AIDS
16. Inappropriate fetal size for gestation – Macrosomia (Large for gestational age)
17. Inappropriate fetal size for gestation – IUGR (Small for gestational age)
18. Incomplete spontaneous abortion
19. Isoimmunization to blood factors
20. Multiple gestation
21. Persistent severe abnormal quantity of amniotic fluid
22. Platelet count less than 120,000
23. Position presentation other than vertex at term or while in labor
24. Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia
25. Pregnancy lasting longer than 42 completed weeks with an abnormal non-stress test
26. VBAC (vaginal birth after cesarian) previous uterine incision or myomectomy
27. Psychiatric disorders (Mental Health Disorders)
28. Rupture of membranes 24 hours before the onset of labor
29. Seizure disorder requiring prescriptive medication
30. Severe liver disease -- active or chronic
31. Severe renal disease - active or chronic
32. Significant 2nd or 3rd trimester bleeding
33. Significant glucose intolerance (Preexisting diabetes, gestational diabetes, PCOS)
34. Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism
35. Uterine ablation (endometrial ablation)
36. Uterine anomaly
Preamble:The Midwives Model of Care® recognizes the client/patient as the primary decision maker in all aspects of her care and respects her autonomy. This is supported within a model of well‐informed, shared decision‐making in order to achieve optimal clinical outcomes. Disclosure of risks is an integral part of the informed consent process, as outlined by NARM (the North American Registry of Midwives)."If a midwife supports a client's choices that are outside of her Plan of Care, she must be prepared to give evidence of informed consent. The midwife must also be able to document the process that led to the decision and show that the client was fully informed of the potential risks and benefits of proceeding with the new care plan. It is the responsibility of the midwife to provide evidence-based information, clinical expertise, and when appropriate, consultation or referral to other providers to aid the client in the decision making process." – NARMLicensed midwives are trained experts in the management of low-risk pregnancy and birth outside of the hospital. Certain conditions may present increased risk to mother and/or baby. The risks listed below apply to birth in any setting, and are not all-inclusive. The condition/risk factor listed may require medications and treatments outside of the scope of practice of Virginia Licensed Midwives and, thus may necessitate consultation with a physician, additional testing, and careful consideration for the appropriateness of birth in an out-of-hospital setting. Some conditions in pregnancy should be optimally managed and supported by a multidisciplinary team that may include midwives, obstetricians, perinatologists, family physicians, psychologists, social workers, and spiritual advisors
Conditions requiring on-going medical supervision or on-going use of medicationsClients with chronic medical conditions, on prescribed medications, or under medical care for a time-limited problem that coincides with pregnancy should be advised to consult with their treating healthcare providers regarding the impact of these conditions and medications on pregnancy, as well as any impact pregnancy may have on their other diagnosed conditions. Women who choose not to disclose information regarding any medical conditions they have or medications that they are taking may increase their risk of complications.
Current substance abuse (including alcohol and tobacco)
Obstetrical complications of cigarette smoking include:
• Growth restriction (IUGR)• Spontaneous abortion (miscarriage)• Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
Alcohol abuse leads to:
• Nutritional deficiencies• Fetal alcohol syndrome
In addition to increased risk of preterm labor and baby being small for gestational age, complications resulting from abusing other drugs include:
• Heroin and cocaine consumption result in medical, nutritional and social neglect• Cocaine and amphetamine cause hypertension, placental abruption• Intravenous abuse also increases the risk of contracting infectious disease.1• Maternal substance use of opioids, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and alcohol can cause NAS (Neonatal abstinence syndrome).2 NAS is a set of drug withdrawal symptoms that affect the central nervous, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems in the newborn when separated from the placenta at birth.
Documented Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)/small for gestational age (SGA) at term
Complications3 for the growth-restricted fetus include:
• Prematurity• Perinatal morbidity• Stillbirth
"IUGR is a serious problem, regardless of why the baby is small. About 20% of stillborn babies are IUGR, and perinatal mortality for growth-restricted infants may be 6 to 10 times higher than for those of normal size. Most IUGR stillbirths occur after the 36th week of pregnancy and before labor begins."4
Suspected uterine rupture
Consequences of uterine rupture:
• There have been no reported maternal deaths due to uterine rupture• Overall, 14 percent to 33 percent of women will need a hysterectomy when the uterus ruptures• Approximately 6 percent of uterine ruptures will result in perinatal death• This is an overall risk of intrapartum fetal death of 20 per 100,000 women undergoing trial of labor after previous cesarean section• "For term pregnancies, the reported risk of fetal death with uterine rupture is less than 3 percent. Although the risk is similarly low, there is insufficient evidence to quantify the neonatal morbidity directly related to uterine rupture."5
Prolapsed cord or cord presentation
Prolapsed cord is a term describing a cord that is passing through the cervix at the same time or in advance of the fetal presenting part. This occurs in approximately 1.4-6.2 per 1000 of pregnancies. Although uncommon, it is considered a true obstetrical emergency most often necessitating a caesarean delivery. Prolapsed cord is associated with other complications of pregnancy and delivery as well.
Fetal risks:
• Hypoxia• Stillbirth/death
Suspected complete or partial placental abruption
Placental abruption results from a cascade of pathophysiologic processes ultimately leading to the separation of the placenta prior to delivery. Pregnancies complicated by abruption result in increased frequency6 of:
• Low birth weight• Preterm delivery• Stillbirth• Perinatal death
Suspected placental previa
Pregnancies complicated with placenta previa had significantly higher rates7 of
• Second-trimester bleeding• Pathological presentations• Placental abruption• Congenital malformations• Perinatal mortality• Cesarean delivery• Apgar scores at 5 minutes lower than 7• Placenta accreta• Postpartum hemorrhage• Postpartum anemia• Delayed maternal and infant discharge from the hospital
Suspected chorioamnionitisChorioamnionitis is a potentially serious complication:8
• Chorioamnionitis is a major risk factor in the event of preterm birth, especially at earlier gestational ages, contributing to prematurity-associated mortality and morbidity• Increased susceptibility of the lung for postnatal injury, which predisposes for bronchopulmonary dysplasia.• Chorioamnionitis is associated with cystic periventricular leukomalacia, intraventricular hemorrhage and cerebral palsy in preterm infants• Prenatal inflammation/infection has been shown a risk factor for neonatal sepsis
Complications of preeclampsia include:
• Eclampsia• HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets) syndrome• Liver rupture• Pulmonary edema• Renal failure• Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC)• Hypertensive emergency• Hypertensive encephalopathy• Cortical blindness
Maternal complications occur in up to 70% of women with eclampsia and include: 9
• DIC• Acute renal failure• Hepatocellular injury• Liver rupture• Intracerebral hemorrhage• Cardiopulmonary arrest• Aspiration pneumonitis• Acute pulmonary edema• Postpartum hemorrhage• Maternal death rates of 0-13.9% have been reported
Fetal complications in preeclampsia are directly related to gestational age and the severity of maternal disease and include increased rates of: 10
• Preterm delivery• Intrauterine growth restriction• Placental abruption• Perinatal death
Thick meconium stained amniotic fluid without reassuring fetal heart tones and birth is not imminentMeconium staining of the amniotic fluid is a common occurrence during labor. Although a large proportion of these pregnancies will have a normal neonatal outcome, its presence may be an indicator of fetal hypoxia and has been linked to the development of: 11
• Cerebral palsy
• Seizures• Meconium aspiration syndrome
Abnormal auscultated fetal heart rate pattern unresponsive to treatment or inability to auscultate fetal heart tones
Sustained abnormal fetal heart rate patterns include bradycardia (abnormally low heart rate) and decelerations in the baby's heart rate. Additionally, tachycardia (abnormally high heart rate) is abnormal, and can also be an indication for the need for further evaluation. Historically, a 30-minute rule from decision-to-incision time for emergent cesarean delivery in the setting of abnormal FHR pattern has existed; however, the scientific evidence to support this threshold is lacking.
Excessive vomiting, dehydration, or exhaustion unresponsive to treatment
• Sufficient fluid intake during labor may prevent hemoconcentration, starvation, and activation of the thrombogenic and fibrinolytic system12• With extreme exhaustion, the chances of fetal distress and non-progressive labor are greatly increased• Bleeding during or after the placental birth, followed by shock, are much more likely to occur when the woman and her uterus are exhausted13• Maternal exhaustion is diagnosed with a combination of ketonuria, elevated temperature, and elevated pulse. This condition is also known as ketoacidosis, in that the mother's blood becomes abnormally acidic and less able to carry oxygen. Unless this condition is reversed, fetal distress will result14
Blood pressure greater than 140/90 which persists or rises and birth is not imminent
Women with chronic hypertension are at increased risk of: 15
• Superimposed preeclampsia (25% risk)• Preterm delivery• Fetal growth restriction or demise• Placental abruption• Congestive heart failure• Acute renal failure• Seizures• Stroke• Death
Maternal fever equal to or greater than 100.4°
Fever can indicate infection. Fever in labor is associated with: 16
• Early neonatal and infant death• Hypoxia
• Infection-related death. These associations were stronger among term than preterm infants• Meconium aspiration syndrome• Hyaline membrane disease• Neonatal seizures• Assisted ventilation
Labor or premature rupture of membrane (PROM) less than 37 weeks according to due datePremature rupture of membranes before 37 weeks' gestation (and where there is at least an hour between membrane rupture and the onset of contractions and labor) can have consequences for both the mother and the baby:
Risks to Baby:
• Neurologic injury• Infection• Respiratory Distress• Death• Increased need for neonatal intensive care servicesMaternal Risks:• Infection• Prolonged Labor• C-Section• Death
1 Pregnancy and substance abuse, G. Fischer, M. Bitschnau, A. Peternell, H. Eder, A. Topitz. Archives of Women's Mental Health. August 1999, Volume 2, Issue 2, pp 57-65.
2 Casper, Tammy, and Megan W. Arbour. "Identification of the Pregnant Woman Who Is Using Drugs: Implications for Perinatal and Neonatal Care." Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health (2013).
3 Lerner, Jodi P. "Fetal growth and well-being." Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of north America 31.1 (2004): 159-176.
4 Frye, Anne, Holistic Midwifery, Volume I, Labrys Press, Portland, OR, 2006, p. 990
5 Guise, Jeanne-Marie, et al. "Vaginal birth after cesarean: new insights." (2010).
6 Ananth, Cande V., et al. "Placental abruption and adverse perinatal outcomes." JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association 282.17 (1999): 1646-1651.
7 Sheiner, E., et al. "Placenta previa: obstetric risk factors and pregnancy outcome." Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 10.6 (2001): 414-419.
8 Thomas, Wolfgang, and Christian P. Speer. "Chorioamnionitis: important risk factor or innocent bystander for neonatal outcome?." Neonatology 99.3 (2010): 177-187.
9 Norwitz, Errol R., Chaur-Dong Hsu, and John T. Repke. "Acute complications of preeclampsia." Clinical obstetrics and gynecology 45.2 (2002): 308-329.
10 de Souza Rugolo, Ligia Maria Suppo, Maria Regina Bentlin, and Cleide Enoir Petean Trindade. "Preeclampsia: effect on the fetus and newborn." Neoreviews 12.4 (2011): e198-e206.
11 Rahman, Shimma, Jeffrey Unsworth, and Sarah Vause. "Meconium in labour." Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine 23.8 (2013): 247-252.
12 Watanabe, Takashi, et al. "Effect of labor on maternal dehydration, starvation, coagulation, and fibrinolysis." Journal of perinatal medicine 29.6 (2001): 528-534.
13 Frye, Anne, Holistic Midwifery, Volume II, Labrys Press, Portland, OR, 2004, p. 1055.
14 Davis, Elizabeth, Heart and Hands: A Midwife's Guide to Pregnancy and Birth, Celestial Arts, New York, NY, 2004, p. 141.
15 Hypertension. 2003; 41: 437-445 Published online before print February 10, 2003, doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000054981.03589.E9
16 PETROVA, Anna, et al. "Association of maternal fever during labor with neonatal and infant morbidity and mortality." Obstetrics and gynecology 98.1 (2001): 20-27.
Because the out-of-hospital birth setting does not provide for immediate access to medications, surgery, and consultation with a physician, there may be increased risks to mother and/or baby if any of these conditions present during the birth. In some communities, the lack of availability of a seamless, cooperative hospital transfer process adds additional risk during intrapartum transfer.I understand that the intrapartum risks may not be apparent until labor, and my opportunity for referral to a physician, should I choose that, would be limited to hospital transfer and transfer of care to the physician on call at that facility.I have received and read this document, discussed it with my midwife, and my midwife has answered my questions to my satisfaction.
A Work Group comprised of members of the Board of Medicine and the Advisory Board on Midwifery has developed this information to assist licensed midwives insatisfying the requirements of Code Section 54.1-2957.9(iv), which requires midwives to disclose to their patients options for consultation and referral to a physicianand evidence-based information on health risks associated with the birth of a child outside of a hospital. This information does not constitute medical advice,diagnosis, opinion or treatment. Individuals should consult a qualified health care provider for advice regarding a medical condition.