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Buy Tarps and Miscellaneous Supplies Online | Garden Goods Direct
Like many of your gardening tools, tarps work with you behind-the-scenes to create a stunning, pristine landscape. They're also a versatile addition to your toolset, serving in roles from protector to assistant and helping you garden with ease. If you're looking for lawn and garden tarps for sale, consider our quality, Woodie-approved selection at Garden Goods Direct.
Types of Lawn and Garden Tarps for Sale
Like all plants, from shrubs and flowers to trees, tarps for landscaping arrive in a variety of sizes and colors, as well as material grades. Depending on your gardening needs, you may purchase several lawn tarps for different uses, such as a few for protecting your shrubs and trees against the harsh winter of New England and others for storing your next delivery of mulch.
Why Use Lawn and Garden Tarps?
For many gardeners, lawn and garden tarps are a later addition to their toolkit. They offer many benefits, however, and help you create a stunning garden year-round. Tarps are also a versatile tool, useful for storing, hauling, protecting and any other task you may need assistance with while landscaping. They're convenient to store, too, such as in a tote container.
Tips for Choosing the Right Type of Lawn and Garden Tarp
With so many tarps available, you want to make sure you purchase the best one for your gardening needs. We recommend asking yourself the following questions:
- What do you want to use the tarp for most of the time?
- What is an ideal, manageable size for you?
- Will you use your tarp year-round or seasonally?
If you're planning to use your tarp as a windbreak and protection from the snow and ice for your trees and shrubs, our nursery experts suggest buying a heavy-duty tarp in a larger size to match the growing needs of your plants. For weeding, a smaller size is more ideal, especially if you're dragging it to and from your garden.
How to Use Lawn and Garden Tarps
Our nursery experts use lawn and garden tarps in a variety of ways, including to:
- Protect trees and shrubs from harsh winter weather
- Catch and gather ripe, fallen fruit from your trees
- Store trimmings from pruning, piles of leaves, weeds and more
- Accept and store mulch deliveries
- Cover homemade compost piles
- Use as a ground cover for your tent to spend a night under the stars
Before laying your tarp down, our nursery experts suggest looking for rocks or any other material that could damage it.
Buy Lawn and Garden Tarps From Garden Goods Direct Today
Behind every eye-catching garden, you'll find a gardener with an expansive set of tools, including several tarps. At Garden Goods Direct, we provide gardeners of all experience levels with quality tarps for landscaping. Our nursery experts not only trust these products for their at-home gardening endeavors, but also for their gardening adventures at our nursery in Maryland.
Buy your lawn and garden tarps from Garden Goods Direct, the leading online garden center in America, today!


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While a lot of people love to go shopping at the malls, there are a lot of people that just don't like to do so, or maybe they live in an area without a mall or any kind of store. Other people simply enjoy all the money that they can save online, as well as being able to price compare from their own homes. This article will show you how to get the greatest rewards from shopping online.
If you shop online often, make sure your antivirus and anti-malware software is updated. Large retailers are often the target of hackers and others unscrupulous people that will try to steal all your personal information. Heed warnings from security software about some sites and reports of suspicious activity from a site's webmaster.
If you're doing a lot of online shopping, make sure your spyware protection is up-to-date. Hackers and other ne'er-do-wells often target popular shopping websites to phish for identification and account information. Always pay attention to notices and warnings from your antivirus programs. If they warn you away from a particular online store, don't complete your purchase; contact the store's administrators to let them know about the problem.
You should be browsing different stores online in order to compare products and offers. Unless you have your mind set on a specific brand, you should take the time to compare different products. Choose one with the right features and price. Visit your favorite online stores often since new products become available on a regular basis.
You should think about signing up for Amazon Prime if you are a frequent Amazon shopper. It doesn't cost much yearly, and you get quite a bit out of it too. You will receive free 2-day shopping on in-stock items and you will also get discounted overnight delivery. You also get access to their online streaming library, which is similar to Hulu or Netflix. You will save money from this as well.
A lot of sites that allow you to shop on them give you a discount if you have coupon codes. Such codes can be found easily just by entering "coupon code" plus the store name. This simple code may allow you to receive a discount, or even free shipping, and all it takes is a few minutes of your time to research it.
Only shop online from secure Internet connections. Hackers use public connections to steal other people's information.
If you plan to shop online, be sure to use a secure connection every time. Avoid shopping at public places because hackers will hack into public Wi-Fi connections in order to steal personal information. It is okay to do some browsing as a guest, but make sure you are not logged into your account.
Review your online purchases before submitting, always. It's easy to get confused while shopping online. Therefore, you should carefully examine all the items you have at the checkout so that you can ensure you are purchasing exactly what you want.
If you shop online frequently, you should create an account on their site. Doing this will save you a lot of time when checking out. In addition, you can save money. You can give them your email so that they can send you information on deals before other people that aren't registered hear about them. If you have an account, you can track orders and keep tabs on returns much more easily.
If you can, don't buy big-ticket items until right around holiday time. The best deals are found during various holiday weekends. Holiday bonuses might be discounts or free shipping. Sometimes, it's both!
Live chat options are great when you are shopping online. Live Help features usually get problems and questions resolved far more quickly than more traditional email or phone calls. You might also have the ability to ask for discounts or breaks on shipping. Some are definitely glad to offer you these perks because you're placing an order.
If you are not familiar with Internet auctions, look for information about how disputes are handled before buying anything. Some sites will help with disputes. Others offer no help and want you to deal with it yourselves.
If you are not familiar with Internet auctions, look for information about how disputes are handled before buying anything. On many auction sites, the site itself will be the dispute-resolving intermediary. In other cases, buyers and sellers are left to their own devices if they have conflicts to resolve.
Bookmark all the retailers you like to buy from. In this file, you will find your frequently visited sites. Include promote sites and coupon sites as well. Then you are just a few clicks away from shopping from your favorite stores.
Cookies are used by websites to track their users. Cookies record your information, such as your viewing habits. To protect your privacy, read each website's privacy policy before giving out any information. If the website isn't trustworthy to you, get away from it and look for something more trustworthy.
You should consider trying sites like Froogle that compare prices. With these sites, simply put in the item you need and you'll be provided with the prices of these items and where you can find them. However, keep in mind that sites like this do not include all the sites on the Internet. They can be a good starting point, but if you don't like the prices you're seeing, keep looking.
Take password creation very seriously. Don't use your birthday or your child's name. Online accounts with online stores are great for accessing your credit card and sometimes more. Don't allow thieves to get your information. Passwords should be random and have symbols, letters, and numbers in them.
When making a purchase, check the manufacturer's website for any coupons or promo codes. You can also find discounts from retailers. While you may only get free shipping, you're still saving money.
You can find heavily discounted products at a lot of daily deal sites. Having said that, if you encounter a discount that does not appear realistic, be cautious. Check over the offer a few times to see if it adds up. Take into account how much shipping is and how reputable the seller is.
A great money saving habit is joining and participating in forums focused on online shopping. By doing so, you may find excellent deals being shared by those who are hunting for the same items as you. Joining forums helps you identify products you might not have even known you wanted or needed.
Buy from American online shopping sites whenever possible. Purchasing from these sites means state and federal laws protect you. Buying products overseas will not give you the same protection.
You should read the return policies of any retailers you plan to make a purchase from. You don't want to get stuck with something you hate but can't send back.
Sign up for the newsletters at your favorites online retailers. If you shop a lot, they will send you information about products that you will be interested in. This may help you with buying products before they're sold out and planning your shopping trips to save you lots of cash.
When searching online for a product, the bigger and more reputable stores will usually show up in the fist pages of your search. The lower ranking a site is, the less likely it is to be reputable. The stores on the front page are generally more reliable than those on later pages.
If you are ordering an expensive item, you should pay for faster shipping. Never be afraid to pay a bit more in order to get insurance or expedited delivery. If you are not going to be home when the package is delivered, ask a neighbor to be at your house when your order is expected to be delivered.
When shopping for clothing or shoes, sort by size before you begin to browse. It's not that fun finding something you like, only to see that it's not in your size. You can protect yourself from this heartbreak by eliminating these impossibilities from your spread of options before you start browsing.
You should be aware of sales tax obligations when shopping for things online. Depending on where the vendor is located, you may either pay no tax or be required to pay sales tax. If they are located in your state then they are obligated to collect sales taxes on sales. You may not see that charge pop up until your credit card is charged, however.
There are several benefits when you are a preferred customer for an online store. You may get free shipping or deep discount coupons. Sometimes, there is a mailing list you can sign up to for great deals.
When shopping online, don't give out your social security number. Avoid any merchant that makes this a requirement for purchase, if you are not applying for credit. Your SS number is never a requirement to buy online. If you do give away your social security number, you leave yourself wide open to identity theft.
Customer Service
Check out online auctions. Often, you can find what you're looking for with steep discounts. It is also common to find fast shipping options as well. Usually, you can set up a maximum bid and the site will bid for you until your maximum is reached.
A good deal is great, but your merchant should offer stellar customer service too. If you have problems with your order, you don't want to waste a lot of time trying to rectify the problem. You may be better off paying a slightly higher price to a company that has proven customer service.
A lot of retailers online allow you to get something shipped from site to store. Always check for free shipping to the local outlet if you're buying from a retailer that has a physical presence nearby. Picking up the item yourself can save you money that would have been spent on shipping.
It is often a good idea to shop at online sites with no locations within your state. They don't have to tack on a sales tax to your purchase, which means you could save big money. You generally can figure out where a company is located at by going to the contact section on their site.
Identify theft is a real concern, and may people avoid Internet shopping because of it. Technology is changing all the time, and your financial information is safe on most sites. A good method to get used buying online is by buying from retailers that your familiar with.
You should register with sites for special offers and discounts. Many retailers offer free mailing lists which you can join. Then you can get early bird alerts about promotions, sales and special deals. By joining their mailing list, you can get special savings to use when shopping online.
You can greatly benefit by being a preferred member of a store online. Usually you will get offers with free shipping or other discounts. To become a preferred customer, you must usually sign up and provide an e mail address. That's why it's smart to have a separate e mail address for online shopping.
Take the time to do your homework before you buy any item as you want to get the most bang for your buck. Review bargain aggregation sites to get low prices. You could also just do your own Google search on the product you want and sift through the deals you find.
Buy everything at once to save money online shopping. For instance, the more you buy at Amazon.com, the more likely you are to qualify for free shipping. Many retailers often dismiss shipping costs if you purchase a certain amount.
If an online transaction makes you wary, be prepared to back away. Try not to get so enthusiastic about a potential purchase that you ignore red flags about the seller. Watch for scams at every turn.
Look for online companies that don't have physical locations in the state you live in. You won't be charged sales tax with these businesses, and this can save you a good bit of money. The contact section usually says where that company is located.
Online Shopping
Use a wish list to save items you want to buy for later. That allows you to buy when you have multiple items on your list, lowering your overall shipping costs, and you can watch for a price drop.
Many people find online shopping impossible to resist. Online shopping allows you to virtually shop the entire world through your own computer. But it takes some savvy to be the best shopper you can be. Use the tips here to make your online shopping experiences the best.
Take the time to do your homework before you buy any item as you want to get the most bang for your buck. There are several websites that compile excellent deals in one easy-to-find location; CyberMonday.com is one example. You can also do a simple search using the full name of the product you wish to buy to see what stores might offer you the best deal.

subset: commoncrawl


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"I couldn't have electricity in the house, I wouldn't sleep a wink. All those vapors floating about."
~Dowager Countess Violet Crawley of Grantham, Downton Abbey
~Dowager Countess Violet Crawley of Grantham, Downton Abbey
Please tell me you're watching.
Downton Abbey. On PBS Masterpiece Classics. I don't know why I didn't know about Season 1 last year, but I'm just as happy to watch it all in one fell swoop on Netflix. Season 2 has just started and I'm all caught up. I admit I'm hooked and can hardly wait for next Sunday to roll around to watch Season 2: Episode 3. I'm thoroughly enjoying the drama, the surprises, the love stories, and all the characters so much. Oh Mr. Bates, I'm in love.
And who couldn't be fascinated with the elegance of the Edwardian era. All their dresses, their interiors, and their "proper" ways. Maybe it's a bit much for our age, but I think we ought to be less casual and take a cue from our early 19th century examples. What do you think? Highclere Castle in the UK stands in as Downton Abbey. Apparently you can go on a tour starting again in Spring 2012.
If you're not yet watching, you can catch up on Season 1 on Netflix, and Season 2: Episodes 1 and 2 can be viewed on PBS.org. I also think all of it can be accessed on iTunes, or of course you could order the DVDs. But Sunday nights, you'll find me glued to PBS.


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Tandem language exchanges
What is a Tandem?
Intercultural exchange is a key to successful language learning, which is why we encourage our language students to get in touch with German Tandem partners.
Within a Tandem language exchange, two language learners with different mother tongues get together for a mutual language exchange. Ideally, Tandem partners meet once or twice a week. Each partner should make sure that both his/her native language and the language he/she wants to learn is being used for an agreed period of time.
For example, Pedro from Spain and Katrin from Germany meet for a coffee once a week. They agree to speak German for 30 minutes, and then they switch to Spanish.
How to get involved
If you are interested in a Tandem language exchange, please print this form here, fill it in and send it to us or pass by the school to hand it in.
We will then get in touch as soon as we found an adequate Tandem partner for you.


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Mahindra Tractors Parts & Sales in Salem | Als Tra
THIS AD HAS EXPIRED ! - Als Tractors having the all models of Mahindra farm equipments, Tractors sales, service, parts and finance. Check all the models and compare with our prices.
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A Client Story
A 35 year old woman came in on the last day of July for a pregnancy test. She has 3 children and is going through a divorce but still trying to make her marriage work.
She has suffered a lot of tragedy and loss in her life. Her brother was murdered years ago. Her father was a drug dealer and was murdered. Her husband was shot in the head and survived. She herself had multiple abortions in her past. So much loss!
The upside of all this tragedy is that she knows the Lord and said she could not have gotten through all of this without him.
These kinds of stories may be shocking to us, but they are not unusual. Many of our clients have family members who were murdered. We need to be an oasis – a place where our clients can come for refreshing truth and love.
Click here to read this month's full report to the His Branches Board of Directors.


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I am very happy with my weight loss and I am enjoying my new personality just because of you.So very thankful to you.Love you mam. Have a nice day and god bless you.
I Geeta Singh was on infertility treatment since year 2004. I had three miscarriages during 2004-2007. In march 2008 I had taken a diet plan from Ms Tripti and within a month my weight was reduced around 3 kg , my Diabetes was normal because of diet and I conceived in the same month.Thanks to Ms Tripti because of her support and diet plan I delivered a healthy baby-boy on 11th November 2008.
Tripti, I think I was destined to come to you and it's a blessed feeling. My painful knee and heel is as good as before. No more dizziness due to B.P. It is well in control. I am a NEW and happy person. All because of you and your fantastic diet..God bless !!
It is a great feeling to be lighter , happier and healthier.Looking forward to join you again.Thanks a lot.
I am really delIghted with my health and weight. Thanks Tripti.You have been responsible not only for my weight loss, but also complete wellness. I feel great. I owe this to you!!!


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On Good Friday afternoon at 5:00 pm, Kings players Vince Carter and Garrett Temple and retired guard Doug Christie are scheduled to appear at an event titled "Kings and Queens Rise: A Youth Voice Forum for Healing" at 5 p.m. Friday at South Sacramento Christian Church.
Sacramento Area Youth Speaks will then lead an intensive writing seminar at 5:30, according to the release.
I'm excited about the Sacramento Youth writing event and look forward to hearing how that goes. Trinity Writers will be writing Thursday from 3-4:30 at Sacramento's Trinity Cathedral. If you can't make it, but your pen is itchy, you are welcome to bounce off a prompt, below, or let your writing journey on its own pathway. If you'd like to share, post as a Comment or Reply here and note if you'd like my feedback or not. Here are the prompts for today:
What does deep change look like?
Discovering how the other half lives.
What do Good Friday and Holy Saturday mean to you?
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President Trump;
The last time I wrote a column in the hopes you read it, you did, and I got fussed at by your Iowa Co-Chair Tana Goertz. That column was when you had re-started your fight with Rosie O' Donnell and the pig comment. Much water has crossed under the bridge since that dressing down I received on that cold winter night.
In case you have forgotten, while I do not speak specifically for the Tea Party Pursey, I am neck deep in the movement. Make no mistake about it; it is "Joe Six-Pack, snake flag waving, hard-working, pickup driving, blue jean American" that elected you. For the record, there are an estimated 20-40 million of these "Larry the Cable guys and gals" who belong to Tea Parties who showed up (many for the first time) to vote for you. With that said; I realize that you're a very busy man, so, I will keep this short.
Mr. President, The bulk of your base is and are very active with the Tea Party, many 2nd Amendment, pro-life groups, etc. In other words, they are conservative, and they are Constitutionalist by nature. These folks will fight and die for that document. They are passionate about our nation, and many of these folks swore an oath many years ago to the Constitution when they joined the military. Millions of these devoted patriots voted for you because they believed in your firm 2nd Amendment pledges on the campaign trail, plus they feared Hillary Clinton's anti-NRA and 2nd Amendment stance.
With all that said, I understand how difficult it must be to sit and listen to a mother who lost her child at one of the shootings and not weep for her. I fully empathize with these parents and cannot imagine having to endure that sort of grief. As a parent to five myself, I too hurt for them. However, Mr. President, restricting firearm sales to those who are 21 and above will cost you dearly in the 2020 race for the White House. This in addition to the fact that it is morally wrong to ask 19-year olds to go into combat and die for this nation when they can't go home and purchase a firearm if they so choose.
Banning bump-stocks will not save children in a school, and they won't protect dancers in a nightclub. The fact is this; these ultra-realistic video games are causing more harm to our youth than any bump-stock is.
My advise Mr. President is this. Yes, arm and train (some specifically chosen) school personnel to stand in the gap between crazy people and our children. Clean up the background check process and fund having two off-duty law enforcement personnel or retired special forces folks to stand guard at these schools. Between 3 or 4 school officials and a couple of officers, this should make our nation's schools much safer.
In the end Mr. President, it is the American citizen or terrorist, not the gun that is causing the problems. It is children being prescribed psychotropic drugs (all the shooters or nearly all were taking these drugs) that is the problem. It is the broken homes, drugs, and hopelessness that is causing these problems, not the guns.
Just my humble thoughts from Winterset, Iowa and I do hope this finds you doing well and looking forward to your return someday to the hometown of John Wayne.
Very best;
Ken Crow


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TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is an industry standard suite of protocols that is designed to drive the Internet. It is the basic communication protocol suite that implements the protocol stack on which the commercial networks and Internet work.
It has the ability to connect a number of different networks designed by different vendors, to internet. Today, every computer with a direct connection to internet has a copy of TCP/IP program to send and receive information over internet. IPv6
How TCP/IP Works?
A header is attached at the front of each datagram and it has at least 20 octets. The most important among them are the source and destination port numbers and sequence number. A sample datagram is shown below.
With TCP header attached, the datagram looks like this.
TCP sends each of these datagrams to IP and IP finds a route for the datagram. It adds its own header with source and destination Internet address, protocol number, and another checksum. With IP attached on its header, the message now looks like this.
When a packet is on the Ethernet, every machine on the network sees the packet. To avoid this Ethernet Header is attached and it has source and destination Ethernet address, and type code. Type code allows the use of several different protocol families on the same network. A checksum is added at the end.
When these packets arrive at the destination, all the headers are removed. The Ethernet interface removes the Ethernet header and checksum. As the type code is assigned to IP, it passes the datagram to IP. IP removes IP header. As the protocol field has TCP, the datagram is passed to TCP. Based on the sequence number and other information, the datagrams are compiled back into the original file.
The TCP/IP suite's protocol stack has four layers as defined in RFC 1122 and each layer has several protocols working to accomplish a specific task. There is a dependency at each level with a protocol at a higher level depends on a protocol at a lower level. Also, in a Peer-level communication, every protocol communicates with its peer, an equivalent layer on a remote computer.
OSI Protocol Reference Model
The OSI reference model consists of seven layers for specifying the data transfer between networks. This model developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1984, is the architectural model for inter-computer communications. It divides the tasks into manageable chunks across seven layers. Each layer has specific task and is self-contained for implementing its task independently.
Protocols spanning the complete range of OSI model layers
The TCP/IP suite is based on the transmission technology work of DARPA in early 1970s. The milestones in its history are given below.
- 1970 – ARPANET used Network Control Protocol (NCP), a preliminary form of TCP.
- 1972 – Telnet protocol for terminal emulation to connect dissimilar systems was used.
- 1973 – File Transfer Protocol (FTP) to exchange files between dissimilar systems was used.
- 1974 -Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to provide reliable communication service through internet replaced NCP.
- 1975 – A two-network TCP/IP communications test was performed between Stanford and University College London.
- 1977 – A three-network TCP/IP test was conducted between the U.S., UK, and Norway.
- 1978 and 1983 – Several TCP/IP prototypes were developed at multiple research centers.
- 1981 -Internet Protocol (IP or IPv4) to provide addressing and routing functions was used.
- 1982 – Defense Communications Agency (DCA) and ARPA established the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) as the TCP/IP protocol suite.
- 1983 – ARPANET switched from NCP to TCP/IP.
- 1984 – Domain Name System (DNS) to resolve domain names to IP addresses was used.
- 1995 – Internet service providers (ISPs) started offering Internet access to businesses and individuals.
- 1996 -Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) was introduced.
- 1996 – IP version 6 (IPv6) standards were published.
- It is a standard, complete and widely accepted routable enterprise networking protocol available.
- It provides interoperable communications between all types of hardware and all kinds of operating systems.
- It is highly reliable, robust cross platform client/server framework.
- It provides a way to gain access to internet.
- It is expandable and is responsible for the phenomenal growth of Internet.
Growth of Industry
Within a short period of time, Internet has seen an enormous growth in the number of its users. Today, most commercial operating systems install the TCP/IP stack by default and internet has become an easy but a powerful platform to exchange communication. With a very low investment, a business on internet can reach the whole world. It saves time and money by making distances shorter. According to plunkettresearch.com, the projections for online advertising in America have been as high as $19 billion for 2007. Internet has become a significant place for business and communication offering unlimited potentials to grow in every sector and TCP/IP has made this possible.


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Easy Clear Drop-In (ED) 10" Or 20" Systems
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Presented By Donato Judice Supervisory Petroleum Engineer …
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An Overview Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid – Power In Cooperation
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SofTek Tm A Patented, Safe, And Environmentally Responsible …
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Frequently Asked Questions About Hydraulic Fracturing
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Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom 2018 (Hindi Dubbed)
Genre: Action, Adventure, Drama, HIndi Dubbed, Hollywood Movies in Hindi Dubbed, Science Fiction, Thriller
Director: J.A. Bayona
Actors: Bryce Dallas Howard, Chris Pratt, Daniella Pineda, Justice Smith, Rafe Spall, Ted Levine, Toby Jones
Duration: N/A
Quality: BluRayHDTS
Release: 2018
IMDb: N/A
When the island's dormant volcano begins roaring to life, Owen and Claire mount a campaign to rescue the remaining dinosaurs from this extinction-level event.
Latest Movies View more »


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My husband got back to work, me and my daughter are back to being home alone.. with a big stomach and some serious back pains. But we have been outside enjoying the sun a bit, me on a bench, while she has been running around the playground.
I hope I will have time for some bloging and reading blogs this autumn, but I'm afraid I wont have much time for miniatures this autumn since the baby is expected in less than 2 months now! Were did the time go? But now it feels like I'm stuck in time, with pains and a big (Everyone keeps saying I have such a small stomach) bump that just wont let me move.. I'll be so happy once the baby is on the outside instead of the inside, being pregnant isn't my favourite thing to be.. But I keep trying to think how fast 9 month will go.. But right now, stuck and unable to move..
Anyhow I saw Jennifer got an Instagram account, I started to look it up again.. After a few weeks I even downloaded the app for my phone, but never opened it =) Then Jane Chérie talked about Instagram too, and now I finally manage to open the app and open an account, so now I'll try to learn and maybe post some pictures there too. I do love blogging because you can write, a lot.. =) And I tend to do that.. I'm better at writing than taking pictures, but it's fun to take pictures too, and I will try to combine these two, and I love to follow others and see all their amazing pictures. So if you have an account I should follow, let me know =) And if you want to follow me, this is my accound: Hannahsminiatyrer


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Full wrist-time review & original photos of the white gold Richard Mille RM033 watch including price specs & expert jewelryysis.Fun watch for the price Perfect for a four year old. Band is a little stiff to take on and off but other than that its great.In an emergency medical ID can save your life by making your condition or allergy known. View our range of medical alert bracelets necklaces and more here.
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text: Christmas may have Santa Claus, but everyone knows he only comes one night a year. Hanukkah, on the other hand, is spread out over eight nights, allowing for more than a week of celebration. Parents of toddlers have multiple opportunities to introduce the beloved holiday through games, crafts and cooking projects. We asked moms and teachers about their favorites for preschoolers and kids in day care.


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(from Sari Gruber) With this final Song of the Day, I want to return to my deepest musical roots, and I have been agonizing about this selection, which could have been of any of the great classical composers. Mozart would have been an obvious choice, since his music has followed me throughout my personal and […]Read More
(from soprano Sari Gruber) Sarah Vaughan's voice became one of the objects of my jazz obsession in college, where I was spending far more time than was probably good for me singing jazz in an a capella group called Redhot & Blue. (The arrangements were great. Don't judge.) With the high musical standards of this […]Read More
(from soprano Sari Gruber) When a singer welcomes a child into the family, there are many nights of baby-rocking that put to practical use the collection of lullabies learned for the recital stage. De Falla's "Nana" was a song I had performed only once as a student at Tanglewood Music Center, but it reemerged from my […]Read More
(from soprano Sari Gruber) After discovering American popular music later in my childhood, my mind was also blown at the discovery of musical theater, which was sort of like the opera I had grown up with in Germany, but just so deliciously American. As a twelve-year-old, having lost my German accent and gained an American musical sensibility, I […]Read More
This week's Song of the Day curator is soprano Sari Gruber! Sari is a longtime friend of NYFOS and will appear in NYFOS's December 8th concert Schubert / Beatles at Merkin Concert Hall. Make sure to get your tickets today! I arrived in the U.S. at nearly nine years old, speaking very little English and having no […]Read More


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|This article has a conjecture name
LEGO or Cartoon Network has not given the official name of this subject, so it is purely conjectural. This template and page name will be used until an official name is provided.
Living Flames are a gradient combination of orange, red, and yellow. They look like small campfires without logs. They have black eyes which always seem to be closed.
A few appear in the establishing shot of the Infernite Kingdom.
Hot Lava Shower
A few appear in the establishing shot. Vulk also has one attached to a scrub-brush stick that he uses in the shower.
A few of them appear in the establishing shot of the Infernite Kingdom.
- On the Cartoon Network website, they appear near a lava pool. When clicked on, one reveals an Infernite cubit, while the others contain Nixels.
- Without their flame bodies, they appear as yellow versions of their eyes.
- Despite being living entities, they do not seem to move anywhere, and are motionless life forms; with the exception of their moving, fiery bodies.
- Many online wallpapers contain Living Flames as a background motif, regardless of the tribe. Most of the time, they end up tinted as a color that relates to that tribe.
- They are the only shown creature to not be based on a real life animal.
- It is unknown what became of them after the shift to Mixopolis.
- Main article: Living Flames/Gallery
TV series
Season 1
- Mixels Websites
- LEGO Club Magazines
- Trick or Treat!
Infernites Max (2014 / 2015)
Infernite Kingdom (Volcanoville / Vulk's House) / Lava Lounge / Living Flames / Lava Slide / Bonflowers / Lavanuts


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Ya guys you read it right….it is true…
I don't even have 80 devices to plug in :(
But whatever the thing is…this is a gr8 device.
Source: MyBB
Ya guys you read it right….it is true…
I don't even have 80 devices to plug in :(
But whatever the thing is…this is a gr8 device.
Source: MyBB
The best way to experience the web, email, photos and video. Hands down.
All of the built-in apps on iPad were designed from the ground up to take advantage of the large, Multi-Touch screen. And they'll work in any orientation. So you can do things with these apps you can't do on any other device.
The large Multi-Touch screen on iPad lets you see web pages as they were meant to be seen — one whole page at a time. With vibrant colour and sharp text. So whether you're looking at a page in portrait or landscape, you can see everything at a size that's actually readable. And with iPad, navigating through the web has never been easier or more intuitive. Because you use the most natural pointing device there is: your finger. You can scroll through a page just by flicking your finger up or down on the screen. Or pinch to zoom in or out on a photo. There's also a thumbnail view that shows all your open pages in a grid, to let you quickly move from one page to the next.
See and touch your email in ways you never could before. In landscape, you get a split-screen view, showing both an opened email and the messages in your Inbox. To see the opened email by itself you just turn iPad to portrait, and the email automatically rotates and fills the screen. No matter which orientation you use, you can scroll through your mail, compose a new email using the large on-screen keyboard, or delete messages, with nothing more than a tap and a flick. If someone emails you a photo, you can see it right in the message. You can also save the photos in an email directly to the built-in Photos app. And iPad will work with all the popular email providers, including MobileMe, Yahoo! Mail, Gmail, Hotmail and AOL.
With its crisp, vibrant display and its unique software features, iPad is an extraordinary way to enjoy and share your photos. For example, the new Photos app displays the photos in an album as though they were in a stack. Just tap or pinch to open the stack, and the whole album opens up. Then you can flip through your pictures, zoom in or out, or watch a slideshow. You can even use your iPad as a beautiful digital photo frame while your iPad is docked or charging. And there are lots of ways to import photos: you can sync them from your computer, download them from an email, or import them directly from your camera using the Apple Camera Connection Kit.
The large, high-resolution screen makes iPad perfect for watching any kind of video. You can also easily move between wide-screen and full-screen with a double-tap. And because it's essentially one big screen, with no buttons or anything to distract you, the picture fills your line of sight. So you feel completely immersed in what you're watching.
The YouTube app organises videos so they're really easy to see and navigate. To watch one, you just tap it. When you're watching in landscape, the video will automatically play in full screen. And with its high-resolution display, the latest YouTube HD videos will look amazing on iPad.
With the iPod app, all your music is literally at your fingertips. You can browse by album, song, artist or genre, with a simple flick. To play a song just tap it, and the now playing screen will show the album art at full size. Then you can listen to your music with either the powerful built-in speaker, or with wired or Bluetooth wireless headphones.
and many more features.
The Price starts at US$499 for a 16GB (Wifi Enabled) iPad.
Source: here
London: Always wondered how some people always manage to get a strike in the bowling alley, while you struggle to keep your shots out of the gutter? Well, a smart training ball might hold the key to the secret.
Sports scientist Franz Fuss of the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology in Australia fitted aluminium tubes in the thumb and finger holes of a regular tenpin bowling ball.
Each tube had a strain gauge at the bottom to measure and log the forces the players' fingers were applying on each shot.
The researchers made ten players of differing abilities to use the ball to attempt various shots.
Fuss found that the strain gauge measurements from the ball enabled him to identify the characteristics of successful shots, reports New Scientist.
For instance, better bowlers consistently pinch the ball with much greater force immediately prior to release, to allow a faster delivery.
Source: here
New study reveals the most used passwords online; the results highlight some shocking practices.
Listed below are the twenty most popular passwords amongst all 32 million members:
|Number of users with password
Other key findings include
--About 30% of users chose passwords whose length is equal or below six characters.
--Moreover, almost 60% of users chose their passwords from a limited set of alpha-numeric characters.
--Nearly 50% of users used names, slang words, dictionary words or trivial passwords (consecutive digits, adjacent keyboard keys, and so on). The most common password among Rockyou.com account owners is "123456".
Source: Here
Nokia has begun to flesh out its plans for Symbian 4 as it readies to do battle with Android and the iPhone
Nokia has outlined plans for Symbian 4, its forthcoming release of the mobile operating system, and one that is designed to go head-to-head with the iPhone and Google's Android OS.
According to a proposal filed with the Symbian Foundation [http://tiny.symbian.org/S4UI PDF] Symbian's overriding focus will be on simplifying the user experience.
Although Symbian doesn't generally receive as much attention as the likes of Android and Apple's iPhone, Symbian is still the dominant player in the smartphone market, commanding around 50% of the market. Which makes the open source mobile OS an important player and one worthy of watching.
Although the most obvious changes planned for Symbian 4 are the interface ones, there are a number of changes planned under the surface which will improve usability. Among these will be an attempt to minimize the number of user prompts, a common look and feel for applications and autosaving features. Reducing the need for user feedback is a key part of improving usability on mobile platforms and will make Symbian 4 easier to use.
The major, and most obvious, changes in Symbian 4 will be the interface ones. Users of Symbian 4 will be greeted with four main views: contacts, music, photos and applications. This will make major features of the phone quickly accessible to users. In addition to the four main views, users will be able to create shortcuts to specific items which can be placed on the home screen.
Going head-to-head with the likes of Android and the iPhone, the Nokia proposal specifically remarks on certain features of those and how Symbian 4 will differ from them. For example, while Android has a multi-paned home screen, which can be dragged from left to right, Symbian 4 will have individual and distinct pages for each grouping of features. The iPhone, on the other hand, has a "manually organised grid" for displaying available applications. Symbian 4 will instead have the capability of viewing the application library with "multiple filtered views".
But, before the release of Symbian 4 users can look forward to Symbian 2 and 3. Symbian 2 is the first open source release of the OS and will appear on phones early this year. Symbian 3 will appear later this year and will include multi-touch support.
Symbian 4 is expected to start appearing on smartphones early 2011.


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« Astral Pipers Forum | Main | Everything is green and submarine »
iPod Statistics May 2007
Entry 311 posted in: 9. I, Pod
I confess. I'm a major geek. And I luv statistics. That's why I wrote an Excel macro that reads my iPod playlists and tells me later what songs I have been listening to in the past month. As if I didn't know that already.
Then I publish these on my MySpace page.
The overview of the past months / year can be found under the Blurbs
A detailed month per month overview in the Blog section.
If only I could find the time to turn these into charts or even better, pivot tables, I get all hot and horny from pivot tables. Pivot tables rock my balls.
But that is an entirely different matter...
If you liked this post - you might be interested in this one as well: Random Blueß aka sucking for statistics


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RatingBuster is a mod that breaks down all the stats on a given piece of equipment into percentage values, so you can see just how much you stand to gain or lose from equipping that item. If you ever find yourself in the "should I?/shouldn't I?" debate about a particular piece of gear, this might be a good mod for you!
Cross-posted to our Forums.


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Thursday, August 17, 2017
Wink and A Nod Thursday
Wink, Wink Christopher.
So many blogs. So little time.
27 comments:
Thank you (and Alex). Another blog to explore.ReplyDeleteReplies
Thank YOU for the exploration, EC:)Delete
Yet another blog to visit Sandra. Will go over later.ReplyDelete
Happy Thursday.
That's great, Yvonne.Delete
Thanks, I will pop over later. Hugs, ValerieReplyDeleteReplies
Hugs back,
Hi Sandra - thanks for pointing us towards Chris' blog and his book - an interesting one. I feel for him and his situation ... I do hope things can ease for him ... cheers HilaryReplyDeleteReplies
It's very intriguing isn't it, Hilary?Delete
I hope things start turning around for him too.
Thanks for the link to this new to me blog!ReplyDeleteReplies
It's fairly new to me too:)Delete
It's always sad to see someone in our community suffer. :-(ReplyDelete
Hopefully he'll beat the odds indeed, stinks what many have to go through at their feed.ReplyDeleteReplies
It does indeed, Pat.Delete
Wow!!! Alex's blog is out of this world!!!ReplyDeleteReplies
Alex is pretty amazing;)Delete
I just saw the update about Chris - he still needs a lot of help.ReplyDeleteReplies
Indeed, Diane. Scary stuff.Delete
Thanks for sharing. Sad to hear that he is suffering.ReplyDeleteReplies
It sure is, Jamie.Delete
- Replies
My pleasure, Regine;)Delete
So glad you shared this info, Sharon, and my heart goes out to him. I have shared with others, as well. Hugs...ROReplyDelete
Alex's blog is out of this world!!!ReplyDelete
Thanks, will hop over there. Alex is a darling, I call him Saint Alex and sometimes I call him Super Alex :)ReplyDelete
Thank you, Sandra!ReplyDelete
I will head right there and check it.
Thanks Sandra!! Big Hugs!ReplyDelete


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Monday, June 15, 2015
Straw Boater Hat
1 comment
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An endless pool of scumbags
"The conversation then turned to Kozinski's protege and good friend Kavanaugh, who one source said was a familiar name even though he had not yet been nominated to the high court. Chua allegedly told the students that it was "no accident" that Kavanaugh's female clerks "looked like models". "
'No accident' Brett Kavanaugh's female law clerks 'looked like models', Yale professor told students
Guardian learns Amy Chua said she would advise students on their physical look to help win post in Kavanaugh's chambers


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Shock statistics show nearly 3,500 people in the Skegness area are worried about debt. As concern about the impact of the introduction of Universal Credit grows, The Standard speaks to a service that is helping local people take control of their finances and put debt worries behind them...
The relief on the face of the man who was nearly free of debt said it all.
It doesn't matter if you are £50 in debt or £5,000. If you can't afford to pay it may as well be £5 millionAlan Bailey, community manager at the Storehouse Church
"This man had carried debt for ages and is now nearly free of it," said Alan Bailey, Storehouse Church community manager.
"He was crying he was so happy - it's great to see when people can finally see the light at the end of the tunnel."
January is one of the busiest months at the Storehouse in Skegness, with credit card bills landing on the doormats of residents after the Christmas spending binge.
But poverty in the resort is an all-year problem with 18.5 per cent of the population worried about debt, according to the charity StepChange.
Last year the Storehouse provided 14,000 meals for the needy in the Skegness area, with their Christmas foodbank appeal supported by The Standard.
But in the dawning of 2016, it becomes more evident that debt is the underlying problem - and that is where Churches Against Poverty comes in.
The Storehouse is one of 280 debt centres in the country and offers its clients support from the first time they call the 0800 number until they are finally debt free.
"It doesn't matter if you are £50 in debt or £5,000. If you can't afford to pay it may as well be £5 million," said Alan.
"There are many services out there offering help but people often struggle to access it.
"Our model is more personal and our debt coaches support clients all the way through until they are debt free. It is one of only two supported by the Government and has a pastoral element which fits in well with what we do.
"From the moment they meet one of our debt coaches it takes about three weeks for a plan to be put in place and from that moment we deal with the creditors and also help clients with advice on how to manage finances. We want people to know there is help out there."
To seek help, call 0800 328 006 or for more information pop into the Storehouse on North Parade or call Gail Dunn on 01754 763362.


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Despite substantial effort devoted in the history of supramolecular chemistry, synthetic supramolecular systems still lag behind biomolecular systems in terms of complexity and functionality. This is because biomolecular systems function in a multicomponent molecular network under out-of-equilibrium conditions. Here we report two-component supramolecular assemblies that are metastable and thus show time-dependent evolution. We found that the systems undergo either self-sorting or coassembly in time depending on the combination of components. Interestingly, this outcome, which had been previously achievable only under specific conditions, emerged from the two-component systems as a result of synergistic or reciprocal interplay between the coupled equilibria. We believe that this study sheds light on the similarity between synthetic and biomolecular systems and promotes better understanding of their intricate kinetic behaviors.
A key to enhancing the complexity of synthetic supramolecular systems, ultimately toward the level of biomolecular systems, is to establish a molecular network that consists of many different molecules. In a pool, molecules collide, interact and/or react with each other, and determine whether to self-sort or coassemble as if computing the best outcome1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15. It would be intriguing in terms of emergent behavior if the outcome generated from such a mixture of molecules is different from that obtained using individual molecules. In this way, the concept of molecular self-assembly will be expanded to facilitate ever more powerful means of designing new types of smart adaptive materials. To this end, a system under kinetic control offers many opportunities because it may give rise to diverse outcomes depending on the self-assembly pathways rather than the thermodynamic stability16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39. Research in this area has attracted increased attention and has recently been documented in several comprehensive reviews33,34,35.
Herein, we report on two-component supramolecular assemblies consisting of porphyrin derivatives (Fig. 1). The porphyrins we used can be categorized into three types according to their self-assembly energy landscapes (Fig. 2A): (a) porphyrins 1 and 5, (b) porphyrin 2, and (c) porphyrin 6. As discussed below, when two of these porphyrins are mixed, a metastable two-component supramolecular assembly is temporarily formed and then shows time-dependent evolution. Interestingly, the systems undergo either self-sorting or coassembly depending on the combination of components (Fig. 2B). Although the systems are still primitive, diversity of outcomes is achieved as a result of kinetic competition and autocatalytic evolution. This study sheds light on the similarity between synthetic and biomolecular systems, as the phenomena are reminiscent of those observed in amyloid fibrillation and other complex processes40,41,42,43.
When a hot solution of the porphyrin monomer (50 μM in methylcyclohexane (MCH)) was cooled from 373 to 308 K, nanoparticles were spontaneously formed; that moment was then defined as t = 0 in the time-dependent evolution. All the kinetic behaviors in this study were investigated under stirring at a rate of 400 rpm unless otherwise noted. Figure 2A shows the energy landscape for self-assembly; the bars at the bottom indicate the range of pathways allowed for each porphyrin (1 and 5 behave similarly)36,37,38,39. A nanoparticle of 2 is in the thermodynamically stable state, whereas those of 1, 5, and 6 are in metastable states and change into thermodynamically more stable nanostructures (either nanofibers or nanosheets) over time. As demonstrated previously through seeded growth experiments, both nanofibers and nanosheets form in an autocatalytic manner. Absorption spectral measurements indicated that nanoparticle, nanofiber, and nanosheet structures consist of different porphyrin stacking modes, that is, J, H, and short-slipping J aggregates, respectively (Fig. 2C and Supplementary Fig. S1)44,45,46.
When two of these porphyrins were mixed and treated likewise, coassembled J aggregate nanoparticles were formed, which after a lag time showed time-dependent evolution. Figure 2B summarizes the time-dependent evolution of one- and two-component J aggregate nanoparticles as a function of time from the center (t = 0) outward, and each molecular system is briefly described below.
(a)36, 38 The J aggregate of porphyrin 1 (and that of 5 as well) is in equilibrium with the monomeric porphyrin and is present as a metastable state for a few hours. Once the monomer nucleates the H aggregate, the J aggregate is consumed in elongation of the H aggregate. The transformation shows a sigmoidal kinetics characteristic of an autocatalytic process, and we define the time at which the transformation is 50% complete as t 50 (Supplementary Fig. S2).
(b)37 The bulky substituents in 2 prevent face-to-face stacking of porphyrin planes (i.e., H aggregate formation). In addition, 2 does not have a driving force for nanosheet formation (i.e., the short-slipping J aggregate; see below). Therefore, the J aggregate of 2 is incapable of transformation, and thus is thermodynamically stable.
(c)38, 39 The metastable J aggregate of 6, as an on-pathway intermediate, rearranges into the short-slipping J aggregate and assembles into nanosheet structures along pathway B. This process was also found to be autocatalytic and is characterized by the t 50 value (Supplementary Fig. S3). The driving force for nanosheet formation is the van der Waals force among the hexyl chains (this is why porphyrin 2 cannot form nanosheets). However, we found that strong agitation such as sonication facilitated nucleation of the H aggregate, and as a result, the pathway was switched. Now, as in the case of (a), the J aggregate of 6 acts as an off-pathway intermediate and is transformed into the H aggregate along pathway A. Thus, the J aggregate of 6 is capable of differentiation47.
(d)37 A mixture of 1 and 2 forms a metastable two-component J aggregate, but after a lag time, the system undergoes self-sorting into the H aggregate of 1 and the J aggregate of 2. An increased proportion of 2 in the mixture impedes H aggregate nucleation of 1; this is how the t 50 value for the self-sorting process is determined. Using this mechanism, we succeeded in programming the time-dependent evolution. Ghosh et al.14 and Yagai et al.15 have recently reported a similar time-dependent self-sorting process.
Having witnessed the unique time-dependent self-sorting of the two-component system (d) and recently discovered the unprecedented differentiation behavior of 6 (c), we sought to investigate the two-component systems in which 6 is involved. We found that:
(e) The metastable two-component 2/6 J aggregate undergoes self-sorting into the J aggregate of 2 and the H aggregate of 6.
(f) The metastable two-component 5/6 J aggregate is transformed into a coassembled 5/6 H aggregate.
These new findings are intriguing considering that the H aggregate nanofiber of 6, in its pure form, had previously been obtainable only by applying sonication. We assert that pathway complexity plays an important role in determining the final outcome. Although more intricate molecular networks have been reported to date, particularly in the field of systems chemistry16,17,18,19,20, the scheme shown in Fig. 2B is rare in that it can be understood in terms of the established energy landscape (Fig. 2A) and hence provides deep insight into molecular self-assembly. In what follows, the results for processes (e) and (f) are described and discussed in detail.
In our previous study37, we confirmed that porphyrins 1 and 2 coassembled into the J aggregate (nanoparticles) as long as the 2 content was less than 30 mol%. Thus, we investigated the time-dependent evolution of 2/6 mixtures under such conditions, that is, 10/90, 20/80, and 30/70 molar ratios of the 2/6 components. Cooling of a hot MCH solution of the 2/6 mixture produced the J aggregate (Supplementary Fig. S4, Supplementary Table S1), and the subsequent time-dependent evolution was probed using absorption spectroscopy. As shown in Fig. 3A, the absorption spectra changed after lag times which were longer than that of the pure 6 J aggregate to transform into short-slipping J aggregates (Supplementary Fig. 3). The plateaued absorbance changes (A t − A t=0) depended on the concentration of 2, which suggests that 2 was not involved in the transformation and self-sorted as the J aggregate (Fig. 3B). Absorption spectra revealed that the outcome of the other component, 6, was the H aggregate despite the fact that it had been accessible only by applying sonication (Supplementary Fig. S5). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) observation also corroborated the formation of the nanofiber structures (Fig. 4).
Why did porphyrin 6 not self-sort as the short-slipping J aggregate? If we were not aware of the "hidden" pathway A that was accessible only using sonication, we might suppose that coexisting 2 induced H aggregate formation of 6 through, for example, a so-called cross-catalytic process. However, Fig. 2A clearly elucidates the mechanism. The short-slipping J aggregate is formed from the on-pathway J aggregate, which suggests that the process is contingent upon the nature of the J aggregate. Remember that the van der Waals force among the hexyl chains in 6 plays a pivotal role in the formation of the short-slipping J aggregate (i.e., nanosheets). Thus, the two-component 2/6 J aggregates can be regarded as "mutants" having the sterically demanding moiety in 2 as a defect, and therefore as incapable of forming nanosheets. In the pool, sufficient "pure" J aggregate of 6 cannot statistically be accumulated to form a nanosheet, and instead, coexisting monomeric 6 reciprocally nucleates the H aggregate, thereby biasing the pathway to nanofibers. The fact that the t 50 values became longer with increasing the proportion of 2 also excludes the possibility of the cross-catalytic process. Thus, 6 behaves similarly to 1 (and 5) in a two-component system with 2; in fact, the t 50 values of system (e) were comparable with those of (d)37.
Next, we investigated the two-component system of 5 and 6 (Fig. 2B(f), Supplementary Fig. S6, Supplementary Table S2). Figure 5A shows the time-dependent evolution of the 5/6 J aggregates. Again, the final outcome was not the short-slipping J aggregate (nanosheets) but the H aggregate (nanofibers), as evidenced by the absorption spectra (Supplementary Fig. S7) and AFM observation (Fig. 6). Unlike those of the 2/6 system, however, the plateaued absorbance changes (A t − A t=0) of the 5/6 system were independent of the mixing ratio, which suggests that all of the J aggregate was consumed (Fig. 5A). Taking the very similar molecular structures into account, it is reasonably assumed that 5 and 6 coassembled into the H aggregate at any mixing ratio. Comparison of the t 50 values as a function of the mixing ratio shows that more "impure" samples exhibit shorter t 50 (Fig. 5B). At present, we do not have a rationale for this tendency, but, considering that the thermodynamic stabilities of the J aggregate were independent of the 5/6 ratios (Supplementary Table S2), it should reflect the intricate nucleation mechanisms.
Although the thermodynamic stabilities of the H and short-slipping J aggregates of 6 are comparable38, the resultant coassembled 5/6 H aggregate was stable for a long time (>a week) without transforming into the short-slipping J aggregate (Supplementary Fig. S8). This is because the metastable J aggregate of 6, which is the on-pathway intermediate to the short-slipping J aggregate, cannot spontaneously emerge in the "equilibrated" solution. As such, pathway A operates as a "one-way funnel" because of the autocatalytic process. We prepared a pseudo-self-sorted system by mixing solutions of the H aggregate of 5 and the short-slipping J aggregate of 6. The proportion of the H aggregate gradually increased over time but did not reach unity (Supplementary Fig. S9), reflecting the similar thermodynamic stabilities of H and short-slipping J aggregates. Thus, the coassembled 5/6 H aggregate can only be obtained through the metastable 5/6 J aggregate under kinetic control.
To gain further insight into on-pathway versus off-pathway competition, we conducted seeded growth experiments, by which the growth kinetics can be separated from the nucleation kinetics. As outlined in our previous paper38, we prepared seeds of the H and short-slipping J aggregates of 6; these are nanofibers and nanosheets, respectively, but fragmented into small pieces with their porphyrin stacking modes retained. As shown in Fig. 7A, the J aggregates of both 6 and 5/6 were converted to the H aggregates upon the addition of an H aggregate seed with similar polymerization kinetics. This result suggests that porphyrins 5 and 6 are indistinguishable along pathway A and are randomly copolymerized. In contrast, the seeded growth kinetics of the short-slipping J aggregate depended on the mixing ratio of 5 to 6 in the J aggregate (Fig. 7B). We infer that the nanosheet growth rate reflects the proportion of the "pure" on-pathway J aggregate in the mixture. It is significant that only 5% of 5 completely prevented spontaneous nanosheet formation (Fig. 5B and Supplementary Fig. S10) while seeded growth of the nanosheet was still observed to some extent even in the presence of 40% of 5. Thus, the nucleation process appears to play more critical role than the growth process in determining the outcome.
To conclude, it is worth reviewing the diagram shown in Fig. 2B from the viewpoint of pathway competition. For pure 6, pathways A and B are both allowed, so it appears as though the metastable J aggregate is capable of differentiation. Previously, this differentiation was controlled by mechanical agitation (Fig. 2B(c)), and pathway A was accessible using sonication. In the 5/6 system (f), H aggregate nucleation synergistically leads 6 to pathway A, which results in coassembled H aggregate nanofibers. On the other hand, in the 2/6 system (e), the presence of 2 prevents pathway B, so 6 is reciprocally guided to pathway A. In both the two-component systems, pathway B was shut down; we therefore assert that the outcome of the on-pathway intermediate is susceptible to changes in the network of molecular self-assembly. As illustrated here, unveiling the entire picture of pathway complexity is important for controlling the outcome of a molecular network. We note that the present system has some similarities with crystal polymorphism and amyloid fibrillation and may promote better understanding and hence control of such intricate phenomena at the molecular level. More practically, the concept of coupled equilibria should be useful to advance programmed supramolecular polymerization and its applications36, 38, 48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62.
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This work was supported by KAKENHI (No. 15H05483), Scientific Research on Innovative Areas "π-System figuration: control of electron and structural dynamism for innovative functions" (No. 26102009) and "Dynamical ordering of biomolecular systems for creation of integrated functions" (No. 16H00787), and by the Nanotechnology Network Project of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. TF thanks the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) for a research fellowship for young scientists (16J02156). Financial support from the Sekisui Chemical Grant Program is also acknowledged.
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Androgen deprivation — or depriving the body of sex hormones such as testosterone — not only helps heal a wound, but regulates inflammation and promotes the formation of new epithelial tissue, the researchers said. Epithelial cells cover the prostate and other glands.
"This finding could bring [a] new point of view to the wound healing process of the prostatic urethra and the treatment of subsequent complications after prostatectomy [removal of the prostate tissue]," the authors of the study wrote.
The study, "Androgen Deprivation Accelerates the Prostatic Urethra Wound Healing After Thulium Laser Resection of the Prostate by Promoting Re-Epithelialization and Regulating the Macrophage Polarization," was published in the journal The Prostate.
To determine androgen's role in wound healing, researchers led by Dr. Shu-Jie Xia compared healing in two sets of dogs who had prostate surgery. One set had been castrated, and therefore deprived of androgen. The other set was given additional androgen.
Xia is with the Department of Urology at Shanghai General Hospital and the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.
As a control, the researchers performed sham castrations on some dogs. That involved taking all steps in castration except removing tissue. The purpose was to rule out the possibility that actual castration would impact the results.
Sham castrations were performed both on dogs with normal hormone levels and dogs who received extra androgen.
Researchers then performed a prostate-reduction operation called thulium laser resection of the prostate (TmLRP) in all the dogs. TmLRP is one of two types of surgery commonly used to treat men with an enlarged prostate, or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Xia's team checked the dogs' prostate wounds once a week after TmLRP. They also analyzed the formation of new epithelial tissue around the wounds, and checked inflammation in wound tissue.
Healing was fastest in dogs that had been castrated and did not receive testosterone. The second-fastest healers were dogs who had sham castration and natural androgen levels. Healing was slowest in dogs with sham castration that were given extra testosterone.
Castration accelerated the formation of new epithelial tissue around the wound, researchers found. It also reduced the duration of the inflammation phase and accelerated the wound's maturation. In contrast, testosterone supplementation increased inflammation and prolonged the inflammatory phase.
"Androgen deprivation promotes re-epithelialization of the wound, regulates the inflammatory response, and accelerates wound healing of the prostatic urethra after a TmLRP," the authors concluded.
Bleeding, urinary tract infections, and pain while urinating are common complications of TmLRP. They generally last until the wound on the prostatic urethra — the part of the urethra that passes through the prostate — has healed completely.
The researchers suggested that androgen deprivation therapy could have the same effect in humans as in dogs: promoting wound healing in those who undergo prostate surgery and minimizing complications associated with the operation.