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The first ideological province of the World ; Pakistan since its independency in year 1947 followed the construct ' for electing the members of legislative assembly / parliaments till the clip of West Pakistan felt insecure of retaining their seats in the parliament against the former East Pakistan opposite numbers. Anticipating their at hand licking in the so extroverted elections, West Pakistan was declared a separate Unit of measurement and given more figure of seats in the Parliament based on population ratio. The state, since so, has been the victim of personal / party comfortss instead than keeping a cohesive national attack towards declaration of issues confronted by the state from clip to clip. It does non necessitate to be over emphatic that the state continues to confront serious administrative and economic issue in the absence of feasible and prudent administrative division. The demand to hold or non to hold new states has ever fell quarries to the political and personal expedience instead than the critical national demand.
Over the past decennaries, power hubs and most of the development financess out of national / provincial budgets have been circulated / spent within the limited provincial / federal capital and selected topographic points holding direct bearings to personal repute / amenitiess. This attitude, coupled with the media blitz, vested involvements of non staged histrions and administrative trouble caused to the people of distant metropoliss to near the provincial capitals have the possible to escalate the sense of want amongst the underprivileged public of distant / less developed countries within each state. The bing province of want can give farther rise to the ethno-political and lingual divide. The rapid population has merely compounded the administrative and socio political personal businesss. Necessity of creative activity of the new states however, it would hold considerable economic concerns. The other school of idea considers that by bettering the administration in bing administrative apparatuss of divisions and territories, apportioning sufficient development financess to instantly set about major undertakings in disadvantaged countries would make the fast one.
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Apropos the above mentioned facts, the inquiry of holding or non holding new states, along with its constitutional, political, structural, socio-economic and national deductions demands to be exhaustively and dispassionately. Nexus to above, carryout a elaborate analysis for the viability of new states vis-a-vis bing system, while proposing a far-sighted manner forward.
In the recent old ages, cultural and political jobs have been on the addition in Pakistan. Amongst a host of factors, mal-governance and deteriorating economic system state of affairs are considered the major causes of the discord. Coupled with this, the function of spiritual parties and cultural organisations has besides come under terrible unfavorable judgment. The bing deteriorating conditions of the state and the province of want amongst the multitudes, has farther complicated the ethno-political and lingual divide. The creative activity of new states would hold considerable ethno-political concerns and will farther worsen the instability amongst the multitudes Government Institutions. Nexus to above, there is a demand to carryout elaborate viability for creative activity of new states on the footing of ethno-political constructions of Pakistan.
1. Pakistan was created on the footing of two state theory. The lone bond which connected the people from assorted parts and classes/casts was the faith. Both the provinces opted to follow the Government of India act 1935, which was parliamentary in nature. Since creative activity Pakistan faced many troubles and amongst them, announcement of fundamental law was foremost. It was really imp due to two chief grounds, 1st to give way to the political forces of all parts and 2nd to give equal and rightful representation to all cultural groups. After blessing of 1st fundamental law, federal system of Government was chosen for Pakistan, with max liberty to states in head. Over a period of clip, we kept on exchanging between democratic and soldierly jurisprudence governments, and virtually no one political system has been able to boom. Resultantly this gave the worst set back of history to Pakistan in 1973.
2. Provincial structuring of Pakistan in its present form based on lingual diverseness ( Punjabi, Baluchi, Sindhi and Pakhtuns ) as the factor of territorial equation was likely non maintain in position at the clip of independency. Therefore administrative units were contrived with cultural units maintaining integral. This fact was realized in earlier timeframe and a system of one unit was introduced. However, that excessively failed and the present construction came into being as described in fundamental law of 1973. The issue has regained prominence on renaming of North West Frontier Province ( NWFP ) as Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa ( KPK ) and the reaction in its Hazara Division. It gave added drift to the demand of a separate state in southern parts of Punjab due to predominating political haggle of assorted parties for their vested involvements, resurfacing the demand for Bhawalpur and Seraiki states since the break-up of one unit in 1970. The demands may put in gesture tendency for other states in remainder of the state for which many proposals are already being trumpeted. However, there is a demand to consider upon these proposals on ethno political footing for an ultimate determination in the national involvement.
3. To carryout in depth analysis for creative activity of new states on ethno political structural footing in Pakistan and proffer suited manner fwd for holding more states.
4. Historical Position and Background – Part 1
5. Arguments Far & A ; Against New Provinces – Part 2
6. Analysis and Important Conclusions – Part 3
7. Recommendations – Part 4
Background of the Issue
History of the issue under rating goes back to the clip of creative activity of Pakistan when assorted princely provinces and districts formed portion of Pakistan as separate entities within the new creative activity. The periodical alterations hitherto in the position of these deluxe provinces and districts have given grounds to believe for a possible alteration in the bing administrative construction / division of the state.
The administrative units of Pakistan as of today are [ update ] derived from the administrative units inherited from British India.
From independency in 1947 to 1971, Pakistan comprised two 'wings ' separated by 1600 kilometres of Indian Territory. The eastern wing comprised the individual state of East Bengal. The western wing was formed from three full states i.e so NWFP, West Punjab and Sind, one Chief Commissioner 's Province ( Baluchistan ) , 13 princely provinces and parts of Kashmir.
In 1948, the country around Karachi was separated from Sind Province to organize the Federal Capital Territory. In 1950 name of West Punjab was changed to Punjab. The four princely provinces of southwest Pakistan formed the Baluchistan States Union in 1952.
The One Unit of measurement policy was enforced in 1955, whereby the states and princely provinces of the western wing were merged to organize the new state of West Pakistan with Lahore as the provincial capital.
Simultaneously East Bengal was renamed as East Pakistan with Dhaka as the provincial capital.
In 1960 the federal capital was moved from Karachi to Rawalpindi and so to Islamabad when it was completed, followed in 1961 by the amalgamation of the Federal Capital Territory into West Pakistan. West Pakistan was dissolved in 1970 by President Yahya Khan and four new states were created.
East Pakistan became independent in December 1971 as the new state of Bangladesh.
In 1974 the last of the deluxe provinces ( Hunza and Nagar ) were eventually abolished and their district merged with the Gilgit Agency to organize the Northern Areas and subsequently as Gilgit Baltistan state. The Federally Administered Tribal Areas ( FATA ) was formed from parts of Hazara, territories of Peshawar and Dera Ismail Khan in 1975.
The position of the Islamabad country was changed to a capital district in 1981.
In 2010, the NWFP changed its name to KPK. This alteration of name regenerated the impression of making more states in Pakistan on assorted factors and drivers.
The present twenty-four hours Pakistan 's administrative units[ 1 ]is as under: – : –
Administrative Unit of measurement
Area ( KmA? )
Population Density
( Per KmA? )
Baluchistan Province
4.8 %
39.3 %
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province
12.9 %
8.5 %
degree Celsiuss.
Punjab Province
53.7 %
23.3 %
vitamin D.
Sindh Province
22.2 %
16.0 %
vitamin E.
Islamabad Capital Territory
0.6 %
0.1 %
degree Fahrenheit.
Federally Administered Tribal Areas
2.3 %
3.1 %
Azad Kashmir
2.2 % [
1.5 %
1.3 %
8.2 %
100 %
100 %
The issue of the creative activity of new states has become an fervent argument ; it has started with the KPK ( Hazara ) and Punjab ( Saraiki and Bahawalpur ) but may non get down or stop thenceforth. While back uping the creative activity of new states may look an easy manner out for the politicians, it is traveling to be a hard undertaking to really carve them out. Once the jinni is out it will non be possible to coerce it back into the bottle. Like creative activity of new territories, add-on of states would go a political calming tool in a tally up to each election. At the terminal of the twenty-four hours, state is likely to stop up holding a provincial map really near to an bing administrative entity called 'Division'.Pakistan-New-Provinces.jpg
Political Structure of Pakistan
Federal Form of Government and Implications on Provinces. Pakistan is a federation by fundamental law 1973. The 1st and first characteristic of the federalism is the being of two sets of fundamental law including national / province and regional or provincial. Each is free to work within its ain defined field. Assorted characteristics of the federal system, which are its kernel and clearly bespeak our restrictions, are as under: –
It maintains a written fundamental law which set up the relationship between federations assorted elements.
Division of powers between federation and assorted entities is on regional / territorial footing and written in jurisprudence. It does non hold some specific expression and every state has made it as per its ain demands.
Federal system believes in de-centralized of powers.
Common characteristics including the being of independent bench.
It is an effort in heterogenous societies to advance henhouse and coordinated in the societal, political, economic system and disposal Fieldss every bit good as regard and adjustment of diverseness for assorted constitutional units.
Certain factors which facilitate the smooth map of federalism including: –
Unit of measurements must portion the sense of community.
There should be no crisp inequality in size, resources and population.
Equitable sharing of economic system resources.
Geographic adjacency.
Democratic signifier of Government and greater decentalisation.
Political Populous Support in Various Provinces for Different Political Parties. The transition of 18th amendment and the alteration in the name of NWFP to KPK has originate a sense of want in the people of Hazara which resulted in the sudden addition in the gait of the motion for the demand of Hazara state for which more than a twelve people lost their lives in April 2010. In the same vain the Nawab of Bahawalpur paced up his demand for a separate state the Saraiky state searchers want to do two territories of KPK and 19 territories of Southern Punjab to do their state. Will it be possible in the visible radiation of current party place in Punjab assembly to get two 3rd ballots for the division of the state? Furthermore The authorities that already have the blood of twelve guiltless people of Hazara on its custodies can be perceived to let it 's two territories to be taken by person else? All this shows that our fatherland is traveling towards a series of constitutional, political ethnic and fiscal crisis, which are anticipated as the inauspicious effects of the creative activity of new states in Pakistan. Meanwhile the maestro shot of the main curate of Punjab ( his statement of bifurcating Sindh ) has farther heated this political argument and has exposed many faces believing more in regionalism than in patriotism. Following have to be considered: –
There will be a new argument of the division of grosss, new provincial amalgamate financess should be created irrespective of the fact whether the freshly created states are able to do their manner or they will turn out to be another liability on the federation.
Let us state that the authorities admits to the demands of the new states, what will be the consequence? More cultural motions will originate and different ethnicities will inquire for separate state on the bases of their ethnicity, some force per unit area groups will press hard for the creative activity of new states that will badly sabotage the already divided sense of state goon. The creative activity of new states on the bases of ethnicity will be another blow to the already in questioned political orientation of Pakistan. Furthermore many Nawabs of the provinces ( that exceeded to Pakistan after its independency ) will follow the footfalls of Nawab of Bahawalpur that will make another quandary.
If the creative activity of new states will non ensue in the automatic betterment of the direction, if the creative activity of more administrative units on cultural lines is traveling to jeopardize the sense of state goon, if more states can non assist in bridging the gulf between the swayer and the ruled and if the generation of the figure of federalizing units is anticipated to make more constitutional jobs that would necessitate another 64 old ages to work out them so why this craze of the creative activity of new states in Pakistan has been created at the clip when the land of pure is already in crises.
Punjab its Political Dynamics with ref to Creation of Sarikistan Province. Alone Punjab histories for over more than 50 % of the population of the state while Balochistan which is holding about 50 % of the state 's whole country, is holding merely 5 % of the population. With the motion of Hazara state and 18th amendment at that place come up a sudden demand for Sareiki Province including two territories of KPK and 19 territories of Punjab. There are three major political parties holding different positions: –
PML ( N ) . This party is non in favor of creative activity of states in Punjab, instead want to hold broader consideration. Party wants to hold more no of states on disposal evidences and irrespective of the demands of people.
PML ( Q ) . It is an imp histrion in this scene. It is in favor of separate state in the southern portion of Punjab to capitalise on its popularity for political grounds.
PPP. Again merely to take down the popularity and Government of PML ( N ) , they are in favour of creative activity of this state.
Other Political Parities. Many little political parties such as MQM, Jamat-e-Islami and JUI does non hold considerable influence due to less no of seats in provincial assembly.
Change of Political Affiliations. Most of the MNAs maintain on exchanging their political associations as per the popular sentiments. This is non for privation of the improvement of people instead it is for ego served future political benefits. This tendency is more marked like once elections are approaching.
Proposals and Political Demands[ 2 ]
There are many proposals for creative activity of more states in Pakistan. Whereas, each advocate has logic in support of the proposal, these require deliberation before taking a concluding determination in national involvement. Besides many voices, most outstanding are from Mr.Javaid Hashmi who is a celebrated Seraiki politician in Multan, the largest metropolis in the Seraiki belt. He has on old occasions supported the creative activity of new states in order to better administration quality and adm efficiency and had implied support for a Seraiki state. Harmonizing to Hashmi, a state should be created which incl Multan and Bahawalpur, adding that in the hereafter to work out jobs Karachi, Lahore and Quetta could besides be made into states[ 3 ]. The PML-N has approved in rule the formation of new states purely on adm footing Summary of assorted proposals appeared in media is as fol[ 4 ]: –
Restoration of former Bahawalpur State
Muhammad Ali Durrani, PML ( Q )
Ijaz-ul-Haq ( PML ( Q )
Creation of Seraiki Province from Punjab
PML ( Q ) and PPP
Creation of Hazara Province from KPK
Hazara Province
Making more states from Punjab entirely on history / lingual footing
Mr Ayaz Amir
Making state from Sindh for Karachi and Hyderabad
MQM ( Initial Stance )
Making more states on administrative evidences
Mr Nawaz Sharif, PML ( N )
Salim Saifullah, PML ( LM )
Making more states from all states
MNA Javed Hashmi, PML ( N )
Case for new states is besides based on the uninterrupted disregard of the far flung countries by consecutive governments and marginalisation of people shacking on fringes of bing states in footings of economic development builds a strong instance for creative activity of smaller units particularly with the high population denseness in certain countries doing the quality of service bringing by bing mechanisms poorer and poorer. In fact this panel feels that one major cause of 'poor administration ' is failure to make new states. As such the undermentioned points besides merit attending: –
Population Growth. The 180 million population with 60 million plus entirely in Punjab demands creative activity of new states to develop the countries dawdling behind current provincial central office / large metropoliss in peculiar.
Spatial Disparities. It is critical that the new states are created to take spacial disparities, develop substructure ; set up schools, colleges, infirmaries. The creative activity of new states will let the structured development of countries hitherto forward in a province of arrant disregard due to miss of clip out their pressing demands.
Over Burdened Politicians / Bureaucrats. Paucity of clip with elective representatives / administrative officials to entertain issues facing occupants of peripheral countries. The creative activity of new states will rush up focussed dev ; dispel feelings of marginalisation and want by the people who have to wait for yearss in provincial capitals to acquire a hearing from the elected representatives and administrative officials who are busy in the issues facing mega metropoliss like Karachi, Lahore and the alone jurisprudence and order issues of Peshawar and Quetta.
Comparative Study[ 5 ]
India. In India, on the other manus linguistic communication was used as a footing of provincial divisions. As such, India reorganized and created more states on the footing of linguistic communication. In Pakistan, the authoritiess in power felt that linguistic communication was non an acceptable footing or legitimate beginning of individuality and the creative activity of new states were continuously opposed. The standards for new states on the footing of linguistic communication were felt to be a possible cause of political destabilization. As such demand/creation of language-based states was considered as tabu. Apart from their nucleus communities, these states contained big cultural minorities, which retained provincial aspirations of their ain, e.g. Pakhtuns in Balochistan, Mohajirs ( Urdu talking migrators from India ) in Sindh, Siraiki-speakers in south Punjab and Hindko-speakers in the Hazara division of NWFP. More over in Pakistan there is a demand for a two-third bulk in the two houses of parliament to make a new state, along with consent in the assembly of the states concerned. These demands have made the creative activity of a new state highly hard. In contrast in India, a simple bulk of the LokSabha is required while sentiment of the province legislative assembly has to be sought.
USA. In instance of USA, there are 50 provinces and each province has its ain fundamental law, nevertheless, the federation has its control through a federal presidential signifier of authorities with the Congress and the Senate.
Afghanistan. Afghanistan, our following door neighbor has 29 states for a population of about 28 million. The division of Afghanistan into states is based on cultural and tribal affinities and these states are controlled by the swayer in Kabul historically. The swayer in Kabul ever managed these states through the tribal hierarchy. Afghanistan has been subjected to revolutions, civil wars, insurgences and invasions but the integrity of Afghanistan remained integral due to big figure of smaller states.
Other Examples. " While big unequal states are ever prone to engender and fuel secessionist mentalities, smaller states serve as a safety valve against such inclinations. Nigeria, confronting religion-bases secessionist war in Biafra Region in 1960s solved this job by organizing smaller states. Most of the big and average sized states in today 's universe have divided themselves into smaller states or provinces as " administrative units " . Examples are: –
China 34 states, India 28 provinces and seven brotherhood districts, Iran 30 states, Indonesia 33, Egypt 26, France 26, Germany 16, Nigeria 38, Philippines 80, Thailand 78, Turkey 81 and UK 114 counties.
Looking at the systems of other developed and developing states, we find ourselves a alone illustration of federation with about no analogue anyplace in the universe. No state, approximately equal to Pakistan geographical or population size, has so few and such big states[ 6 ].
In an unequal apparatus, no method of authorities will work. It is a system designed for palsy which we are already sing.
Rationale / Necessity[ 7 ]for Having New States
The disregard of the far flung countries and marginalisation of people shacking on fringe 's of bing states in footings of economic development signifier a major necessity ensuing in demand for more states. Other grounds are: –
Exponential Growth. Pakistan is the 6th most thickly settled state in the universe. The exponential growing in population demands creative activity of new states to better service bringing.
Disregard of Peripheral Areas. Neglect of many parts due to attending to provincial capitals and large metropoliss resulted in hapless administration and said disregard of the peripheral countries by consecutive Governments.
Removal of Disparities. Need to take particular disparities. Develop substructure ; set up schools, colleges and infirmaries. New Province creative activity probably to rush up focussed development and dispels feeling of marginalisation / want.
Opportunities for less Privileged. Creation of more states is thought to supply more chances for the less privileged categories.
End of Dynasty based Politics. It may take to stoping dynasty-based political relations in the state which on rise at the minute.
Ease of Access. On administrative evidences to ease hapless multitudes to hold entree to line sections near to their vicinities.
Grass Roots Level Empowerment. Making more states would authorise people at grassroots level to ease the people at their doorsills.
Creative usage of Cultural Diversenesss. Unnatural integrity tends to beef up sub-identities and have frequently weakened the committedness to Pakistani individuality. Cultural diversenesss, being inerasable constituents of the human genome, can non be cured and therefore must be endured. In fact, must be celebrated and managed creatively.
De-centralization of Power. De-centralization of power to the states is necessary. In a decentralised system, local representatives make local independent determinations towards accomplishment of its local ends aimed to climax into national good.
Governance betterment. Creation of more states may take to possible betterment in administration.
Enhancement of Unity of Nation. Dividing states into more compact, efficient and effectual units has the benefit of cut downing the importance of states, which interfere with the coherence of the state as one state.
Adm, Log and Cultural Harmony. Once the state will be divided into more compact smaller units, than it will hold positive effs. So more states are likely to guarantee the smooth administrative, logistic and cultural harmoniousness.
Estb of the Writ of the State. Failure of the province to set up its writ in many parts of the state has created a state of affairs where far-flung ignored populations are in danger of switching their commitments to the terrorists, extremists and felons.
Greater Homogeneity. Creation of more states will afford greater homogeneousness. This homogeneousness will profit the state in overall advancement.
Decrease of Congestion in Big Cities. More states means more developed metropoliss and all the population congestion towards Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar and Quetta will be reduced.
Distribution of Resources. Distribution of states into more compact and smaller units, if coordinated and agreed will ensue into better distribution of resources.
Pakistani Nationalism. It will give rise to Pakistani patriotism instead than Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto or Balochi, if the division is non based on linguistic communications.
Filtration of Bad Politicians. It likely will let the politician to earnestly work for their people once they do n't hold 'big brother ' Punjab to fault for want and jobs.
Rationale / Necessity for Not Having New States[ 8 ]
There nevertheless are certain hindrances which may impede creative activity of more states. Detailss are as following: –
Stress on Pakistani Nationhood. Fear of the emphasis that they may exercise on the unseasoned foundations of Pakistani nationhood. Peoples were killed in rioting taking up to a mere alteration of name from NWFP to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Rise to Ethnicity. May give farther rise to ethnicity. Creation of more states on the footing of ethnicity exacerbates the feeling of isolation. This is a suicidal inclination. Making new states may impact Pakistan 's integrity like it did to Yugoslavia.
Problem of Adm and Pol Realities. Cultural aspirations cause jobs to acknowledge administrative and political worlds. Every cultural aspiration does non warrant a state. If the move to do new states gimmicks roots, Pakistan would be de-novo decimated into several junior-grade cultural states.
Equality of Geography and Population. The grade of equality of geographical and population sizes across states may non be a balanced one giving rise to jobs of its ain.
Sindhi Nationalist Ideology. Sindhi nationalists strongly oppose division of Sindh.
Economy Difficulties. Raising financess locally would be hard peculiarly under the current non so healthy province of Pakistan 's economic system.
Size. There is no definition of " right " size of a state or province.
Division of Punjab. Punjab plays a major portion in Pakistan political relations and its division may non be accepted by influential politicians.
Poor Institutions. Smaller states would hold lesser human capital and civil society establishments and therefore might be susceptible to the job of poorer establishments.
Inter Provincial Struggle. The division of larger states may do inter provincial battle / clash for resource control.
Balkanization. With uncontrolled addition in population growing, the state can non be subjected to balkanization.
Division of Balochistan. Pakhtun state carved out of Balochistan until the more sensitive Baloch grudges are resolved would be damaging to Pakistan 's integrity.
However, the principle for the creative activity of 'new ' states carries more weight due to the fact that development of countries which in the last 60 four old ages have been unable to demo any touchable socio-economic development, the new states will enable them to bring forth their ain resources, make their ain determinations to turn to the old ages of disregard and deficiency of focal point on countries off from the provincial Capitals and the 'big metropoliss ' .
Options and Analysis
Above treatment directly off lead us to assorted options for creative activity of more states or for that affair more administrative units, which are mentioned as under: –
Option-1. Declare the former administrative commensurate divisions as states. However, this would ensue in creative activity of over 30 states which in the present socio-economic and political fortunes is non feasible option.
Creation of more than 30 states.
Creation of more minor administrative units.
Well defined and set up boundaries.
Non linguistic and cultural footing.
More no of administrative units.
More disbursals.
Viability of few administrative units with mention to bearing their ain load will be questionable.
Distribution of resources amongst units will be hard.
Option-2. Popular option can be to make more states on the footing of cultural, cultural and lingual lines. However, such creative activity would hold a negative impact on national coherence.
Societies will stay united as per their civilization, cultural and linguistic lines.
No cultural or cultural or linguistic dualities.
Most political parties are expected to hold with that.
Will give rise to ethnicity alternatively of national coherence.
Viability of few administrative units will be questionable.
More expensive option.
Boundary limit will be disputed.
Option-3. Another option of making new states is based on human ecology ( population and country ) and administrative evidences. This option can be considered and subsequent to national consensus states can be carved out from the bing states.
Geographic adjacency will be ensured.
Div on administrative evidences.
Most political parties are expected to favor this option.
Consensus creative activity will be diff issue.
Bdry limit will non be easy.
Viability of few states will be questionable.
Size and resource distribution will be hard.
Option-4.[ 9 ]Most of the proposed states are linguistically heterogenous & A ; geographically strongly bonded. Many smaller linguistic communications will geo besides acquire opportunity to boom because bulk linguistic communications will non be in absolute ( 2/3rd ) bulk to over shadow minority linguistic communications as in the present states. The four states of Pakistan can be farther divided into a sum of 11 states and federal capital Islamabad. However, the proposal is ambitious and does non look feasible to be implemented in position of the socio-economic and political environment of the state. It has been reproduced below as an advanced idea that after due consideration would ensue in farther deliberations and suggestions. Name callings have been suggested for the states, nevertheless, the dwellers of the new states shall hold the right to take appropriate. The option is option is as under: –
Cholistan Province
Capital. Bahawalpur.
Linguistic Composition. Saraiki, Punjabi and Urdu.
Districts. Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar and Rahim Yar Khan
Current Estimated Population. 10 million.
Logic. Geographically on the right side of the Satluj River. Linguistically heterogenous. Currently under developed & amp ; under-utilized. Much farther from the bing capital Lahore. New capital Bahawalpur will be in the center of the state. It is already linked with N5 National Highway and chief railroad line and has a high tribunal bench.
Punjab Province
Capital. Lahore.
Linguistic Composition. Punjabi and Urdu
Districts. Lahore, Kasur, Okara, Nankanasb, Sheikhupura, Gujranwala, Hafizabad, Sialkot, Narowal, and Faisalabad ( partially ) .
Current Estimated Population: 36.4 Million.
Logic: Right side of Chanab.
Gandhara Province
Capital. Joharabad ( District Khushab ) .
Linguistic Composition. Potohari, Saraiki, Punjabi and Pashto.
Districts. Rawalpindi ( partially ) , Jehlum, Attock, Chakwal, Gujrat, Mandi Bahuddin, Sargodha, Khushab, Jhang, Mianwali, Bhakkar, Laiyya, Chinot and DG Khan ( partially ) .
Current Estimated Population. 24 Million.
Logic. Under developed western Punjab country, would acquire great benefit from developing new metropoliss, like Joharabad. Joharabad is in the centre of Province. North of Joharabad is Potohari, East is Punjab and South is Saraiki dominant territories. Therefore the new provincial capital will be the meeting point of all three rich civilizations and hence will be the torch carrier of development and homogeneousness for this state. The new capital metropolis Jauharabad will non confront H2O deficits as river Jehlum passes by it.
Panjnad Province
Capital. Multan.
Linguistic Composition. Saraiki, Punjabi, urdu and Balochi.
Districts. Multan, Lodharan, Khanewal, Sahiwal, Vehari, Pakpattan, Faisalabad ( partially ) , TT Singh, Muzaffargarh, DG Khan ( partially ) and Rajanpur
Current Estimated Populatio. 24Million.
Logic. Multan is already the hub of cultural and political centre for southern Punjab. Panjnad Province will go focal point of agribusiness and dairy merchandises. Multan is besides in the center of the proposed Panjnad state and is good connected with nearby towns and metropoliss and remainder of Pakistan. Proposed Panjnad Province will hold important punjabi state in north eastern territories, Urdu in the urban countries, Balochi in western territories & A ; Saraiki in cardinal & A ; western territories.
Bolan Province
Capital. Quetta.
Linguistic Composition. Pashto, Balochi and Brahvi.
Districts. Quetta, Ziarat, Mastung, Qila Abdullah, Pashin, Lora Lai, Barkhan, Musakhel, QilaSaifullah, Zhob, Shirani, Harnai, Sibi, Kolhu, DeraBugti, Jaffarabad, Nasirabad, Jhalmagsi and Kacchi ( Bolan ) .
Current Estimated Population. 6 Million.
Logic. The Bolan state will about be same as British Balochistan of Colonial epoch. Seasoned leaders from Balochistan, like ex-Prime Minister from Balochistan, Mir ZafarUllah Khan Jamali, Mehmood Khan Achakzai have besides one time expressed their blessing in spliting Balochistan in Quetta & A ; Kalat division of 1970s. The heterogenous Bolan Province is amalgam of Pashtun, Balochi & A ; Brahvi civilization. Quetta has representation from all three civilizations.
Makran Province
Capital. Khuzdar.
Linguistic Composition. Balochi and Brahvi.
Districts. Khuzdar, Kalat, Noshki, Chaghi, Kharan, Washuk, Panjgor, Turbat, Gawadar, Awaran and Lasbela
Estimated Population. 3 Million.
Logic. Khuzdar Province is one of the richest countries of Pakistan with minerals resources. It besides has Gawadar Port, Gadani ship interrupting pace. Saindak & A ; Rekodek are besides located in this state. Proposed Provincial Capital, Khuzdar, is already good connected with Quetta, Karachi, Larkana through RCD route & A ; M8 Motorway. Within proposed Province all major metropoliss like Lasbella, Turbet, Gawadar & A ; Kalat are besides connected with Khuzdar.
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province
Capital. Peshawar.
Linguistic Composition. Pashto, Saraiki and Hindko.
Districts. Peshawar, Noshera, Charsadda, Kohat, Karak, Hangu, Lakki Marwat, Bannu, DI Khan and Tank.
Estimated Population. 9.75 Million.
Logic. Proposed Kalabagh Dam will profit southern territories of proposed KP Province, Tank & A ; DI Khan at the cost of some land of Nowshera District. Royalty from the Kalabagh & A ; Munda Dams & A ; besides the natural gas reservoir of Karak will do the state economically feasible.
Abaseen Province
Capital. Mardan.
Linguistic Composition. Pashto, Hindko, Kohistani, Chitrali.
Districts. Mardan, Sawabi, Haripur, Abottabad, Manshera, Torghar, Batagram, Kohistan, Shangla, Sawat, Bonair, Dirbala, Dirpayin, Malakand and Chitral.
Estimated Population. 13 Million.
Logic. Comprising of the northern countries, this state have the possible to truly exploit touristry industry. Tarbella & A ; Bhasha Dam would supply significant gross watercourse for the development of the state and has high potency to bring forth hydro-electricity. Mardan is chosen as the capital, because, foremost it is in two-dimensional territory and is accessible all twelvemonth about from both Hazara & A ; Malakand divisions.
Khorasan Province
Capital. Torkham.
Linguistic Composition. Pashto.
Districts. Bajur, Mohmand, Torkham ( Khyber Agency ) , Kurram, Orakzai, North Waziristan and South Waziristan.
Estimated Population. 5 Million.
Logic. Making FATA as a state will get down the epoch of economic growing and merger of the part with the remainder of the state. It will besides assist to take the sense of corruption in the people.
Sindh Uttar Province
Capital. Sukkur.
Linguistic Composition. Sindhi.
Districts. Sukkar, Ghotki, Khairpur, Nowsheroferoz, shikarpur, Larkana, Kambar, Kashmor, Jacobabad, Dadu, and Jamshoro ( partially ) .
Estimated Population. 13.5 Million.
Logic. Other than Hyderabad, interior Sindh is besides one of the most disadvantaged countries of the state, which even after holding possible in many different Fieldss is rearward and under developed. Sukkar is already the economic & A ; cultural Centre of the northern Sindh and have full potency to go one of the cardinal economic metropoliss of Pakistan. Besides it is good connected with Karachi, Quetta & A ; Northern Pakistan through route, air & A ; railroad.
Sindh Dakshin Province
Capital. Hyderabad.
Linguistic Composition. Sindhi, Urdu, Punjabi, Pashto, Balochi, Gujrati and Marwari.
Districts. Karachi, Jamshoro ( partially ) , Hyderabad, Matiari, TM Khan, Tandualayar, MirpurKhas, Umar Kot, Tharparkar, Badin, Thatta, Nawabshah and Sanghar.
Estimated Population. 26 Million.
Logic. Third largest metropolis in 1951 & A ; the historic capital of Sindh in pre-colonial epoch, has lost its glorification by being overshadowed by Karachi. Besides it is the convergence point of Sindhi & A ; Urdu civilizations, two chief civilizations of the proposed state. Besides Karachi is over burdened by being the port & A ; merely industrial metropolis in southern Pakistan. By switching capital to Hyderabad will let. Hyderabad to boom & amp ; cut down population influx in Karachi.
Federal Capital
Islamabad and Rawalpindi
Current Estimated Population. 2.5 Million.
Logic. Rawalpindi metropolis is already surrounded by Islamabad from three sides. So doing it portion of Islamabad will be a natural pick.
Option 5. The undermentioned new states can be considered as option 5: –
Seraiki Province / Bahawalpur Janobi Punjab out of the bing Punjab chiefly consisting of southern Punjab with few territories of KPK. Bing most feasible, bulk of the people are in favor of it. Furthermore it will cut down the influence of Punjab on national scene and feeling of victimization by one state.
Hazara Province out of the bing KPK will lend more positively towards the dev of the both states.
Pukhtun country of Balochistan incl few bureaus of FATA to be declared as a state.
Karachi out of Sindh with few nearby territories of Balochistan. Most of the people will hold all disposal nearby with better chances of Karachi and rural Sindh development.
Economy feasible.
Merely nec new states are carved / suggested.
Less economic system load.
Non linguistic and no cultural creative activity of new states.
Carving of boundary will be easy.
Political parties will seek to suggest and oppose these as per their ain political involvement.
Creation of consensus will be hard.
Misc Issues. Various other issues related with the creative activity of new states are highlighted as under: –
More Expenses. There will more exp and it will be burdon on the meagre resources of that states. This will be chiefly required for: –
More disposal disbursals.
More no of CMs, Governors and burecrates.
More no of curates and their protocol.
Distribution of Resources. Their will be a serious issue with mention to limit of assorted resources and their royalty, spec H2O resources.
Cultural Issues. It will non be possible to settle all the cultural issues and hence it will ensue into giving rise to more cultural jobs.
Constitutional Deductions
National Finance Commission ( NFC ) Award. Article 160 of the fundamental law of Pakistan provinces that after every five old ages the President shall represent a NFC. This NFC will reexamine the expression for the distribution of financess, revenue enhancements and other pecuniary assets among the Centre and the States and among the four federalizing units of Pakistan viz. , Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. In instance of creative activity of more states, the NFC award will hold to be drastically amended in conformity with the figure, geographical and demographic contemplations of the new states. It is traveling to be an acclivitous undertaking to get at a consensus and revise the NFC award.
Constitutional Amendment ( statute law ) . Creation of the new states involves a constitutional amendment that requires aA two tierces bulk of both National Assembly and Senate of Pakistan before the measure is sent to the President for his blessing. But before this happens, A the relevant provincial assembly must follow a provincial measure, to change its bounds, by two-thirdsA bulk every bit good. The Article 239 ( 4 ) of the Constitution clearly states this fact.A AA expression at the party place in the Punjab Assembly shows thatA PML-N has 171 members from the house of 371 members. This makes 46.1 % of entire. So it 's impossible to convey in such a alteration without PML Nawaz holding to it at this point in clip.
After detailed analysis it can be concluded " our present provincial set-up has long been the cause of political instability with an ever-looming menace to state 's very endurance. Recently, there have been demands for more states on cultural or lingual evidences. If this tendency were to go on, we will be left with a slackly wired skeleton of a federation with self-seeking, dissatisfied and corrupt politicians playing mayhem. Solution lies in replacing bing four states with more new disposal – determined states with some balance in their geographical and population size, free of cultural and parochial labels but still constitutionally maintaining their ethnic and national individualities integral[ 10 ]. " More states mean: –
Promotion of national coherence.
Decrease in sense of socio-economic want.
Uniformity of development.
Better disposal and administration.
Improved security and jurisprudence and order.
More constitutional reforms will be req.
Consensus will be required for the intent of smooth passage.
This may give rise to demand of more states.
Economy disbursals will increase but more occupation chances.
Distribution of resources will hold to hold upon, otherwise it will make more distrust amongst old and new states.
While transporting out limit, linguistic, cultural and political involvements have to guarded and looked upon really earnestly.
The lone manner fwd to the advancement of the state and for improvement of all domain of life, is the distribution of big states into smaller states. The continue of federal system is recommended nevertheless with following alterations: –
11The holiness of " separation of powers " should be the footing of the federal system with three variety meats of the province working independently with usual cheques and balances.
12The federal authorities should retain merely 10 to 12 ministries responsible to explicate and implement national policies in of import countries, notably defense mechanism, economic system, instruction, foreign personal businesss, national security, trade, communicating, justness and jurisprudence.
13Bicameral system of legislative assembly should go on with necessary accommodations giving all states equal representation in the Senate as at present except that all seats including those reserved for adult females and minorities should be filled through direct elections.
14Both houses together will pass as in any parliamentary system on affairs of national importance such as budget and economic system, foreign personal businesss and national security, to assist the federal authorities in formulating and implementing policies on these topics.
There should be more and more degeneration of powers transfer from Centre to the states.
After elaborate analysis, Option-5 is recommended, that is creative activity of four more states as follows: –
Seraiki Province. To be carved out of Punjab with Multan as its capital and the other territories will be Bahawalpur, Rahimyar Khan, DG Khan, DI Khan, Mianwali, Bhakkar, Layyah, Muzaffargarh and Rajanpur. All the political parties seemingly have no expostulation to the creative activity of Seraiki state except PML ( N ) holding few reserve. The committee for more states have finalized its creative activity with small alterations such as name. They have proposed its name as Bahwalpur Southern Punjab and recommended Bhawalpur as its provincial capital.
Hazara Province. To be carved out of KPK with Abbotabad as its capital and the other territories will be Haripur, Mansehra, Tor Ghar, Battagram and Kohistan. There is likely resistance to this option by the ANP. However, PPP, PML-N and PML-Q and MQM are supportive of this option.
Pakhtun Area of Balochistan. To be carved out of Balochistan Province. This option can merely be exercised one time the Balochistan state of affairs is brought under control and peace returns to the country. Any early proposition would farther worsen the sub-nationalist motion in Balochistan specially once it is under Governor regulation.
Karachi. To be carved out of Sindh state. The urban coastal country of Karachi which is besides the industrial hub of Pakistan would convey significant benefits. The MQM is supportive of this thought whereas other major political parties chiefly PPP and ANP oppose it along with Sindhi patriots.
Way Forward
Formation of a National Commission. A national committee stand foring all major political parties every bit good as civil society may be constituted to analyze and consider upon the creative activity of new states and come up with recommendations. One such type of committee has already been formed but it lacks representation from diff domains of society and even a major political party, PML-N, has boycotted this committee. It seems that this committee has been chiefly formed to function the political intent of few parties. This committee should chiefly be reconstituted after the elections and it should finalize its recommendations by the terminal of 2013 and new states may be carved in the terminal of 2014.
Political Consensus. Subsequent to the recommendations of the national committee the same proposals must be debated in the National Assembly every bit good as the four provincial assemblies for geting at a political consensus that might besides propose new proposals or amendments. This procedure should be completed anterior to the budget session in June 2014.
Legalities[ 15 ]. As a effect, there would be a figure of legal deductions refering constitution of high tribunals in the new states and consequently lower tribunals. Furthermore, legal issues would originate in land gross systems, boundary limits, H2O issues, NFC and other such eventful affairs. For such affairs a high degree judicial and legal committee demands to be established for declaration of such legal deductions.
Legislation ( Constitutional Amendments )[ 16 ]. The creative activity of new states can be merely affected through statute law and constitutional amendments. A parliamentary committee with representation from attorney 's fraternity/constitutional experts must be established to suggest the needed amendments before June 2012.Constitutionally, the way toward making the new state is, if non wholly, but about impossible in the present province of political relations.
Financial and Resource Management[ 17 ]. This is a really of import factor where in appropriate fiscal distribution of financess and resources have to be finalised among new states. Hence, like suggested committees for other factors, a fiscal committee with appropriate representation from bureaucratism, politicians and economic experts may besides be constituted to urge steps for fiscal and resource execution.
Time Frame.
It is an highly sensitive affair that can non be dealt with in hastiness, a batch of deliberations and idea procedure has to travel into such proposals, it has to be a gradual procedure with recommendations for making one or two new states in the first two old ages followed by gradual creative activity of more states in the coming decennary. Immediate consideration should travel to the Seraiki and Hazara state.
The issue of new states has been taken up by political parties as a political stunt and lacks the people 's will. It seems an docket point for political point hiting while disregarding the underlying jobs of the people. New states may non bring forth the coveted consequences, but it may bring forth new jobs as the existent job has been the centralisation of power and for long states have been demanding greater provincial liberty that has been denied to them and this demand has been a cause of clash between the Centre and the states. The solution lies non in making new states but to devolve power at local degree, to give people entree to justness at the door measure and to supply them with societal security. The determination to make new states can non be taken in hastiness ; there is demand to do a national committee, to develop surveies, to accomplish understanding on distribution of resources and most significantly to see the aspirations of the people of the country who will represent the new state. Holding of referendum will be the best option to cognize their sentiment. The earlier error of renaming of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa without confer withing the people of Hazara has to be avoided this clip. The ultimate aim should be the strengthening of the federation.Ethnic construction of Pakistan
Cultural spread over in assorted states
Does it truly demand to make more states
Cultural publicity poetries patriotism
Effs of creative activity of Khyber Pakhtoon Khawa and demand of Hazara Province ( as already in NWFP Hazara 's does do n't hold any obsn )
What could be footing of new division
Problems/issues pressing the demand of holding more New States
Equality of rights
Want of good life venereal disease
Speedy justness
More dev in several countries
More opportunities of good administration
Speedy entree to tribunals and political assy


text:
The federal legalization of marijuana has been in the news and on the minds of employers. In an effort to ensure your workplace is prepared we are pleased to be parterning with Chandler Consulting to offer you two new speciality courses:
Reasonable Cause Supervisor Training
Developing & Managing Your Fit for Duty Policy & Program (DER Training).
Both courses will be added to MHSA's calendars beginning in October and training will be held in our facilities.
Please click on the course name for a detailed description.

subset: commoncrawl


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Role Descriptors
Education Officer | President | Public Relations Officer | Secretary | Treasurer | Special Interest Groups
Role and Responsibilities Of Education OfficerPre conference
- Present summary of conference evaluation at the May committee meeting
- Conference Agenda: based on feedback from members and conference evaluation will decide with other committee members on topics for next conference agenda
- Category I Approval: write to write to An Bord Altranais seeking category I approval. This should be completed on finalisation of agenda.
- Prepare presentation for AGM
- Conference Evaluation Forms: bring photocopies of conference evaluation forms to conference venue. These will be included in conference delegate pack.
- Load up presentation onto PC equipment
- Establish a method of collecting conference evaluation forms
- Present report for AGM
- Review conference evaluation forms and present summary to committee at May meeting


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Chapter 27:
Heroes and Heroines
| Sierra went back to her tree with her book. She had delivered Shane safely to his walker, and he hugged her before going to the swings.
"Thank you, Sierra. I love you!"
Now she was back under her tree trying to read her book. She was so tired, and her head hurt, she saw bright lights, and...oh no! She was going to have another seizure! She didn't have time to tell her teacher, she frantically tried to get Anela's attention. Tamara saw her wave her hand, and looked at hier face. She knew exactly what was going on. Tamara raced to Sierra, but she had already slipped into unconsciousness. What was Tamara to do next?
Viewing chapter 27 out of 116


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ATS1477 GE Security Hitag II Keyfob, Packed by 10
GE Security Hitag II Keyfob, Packed by 10
Unprogrammed keyfob in Fiberglass material. Both the smart ship and antenna are embedded inside the tag. It can be used with all ATS proximity readers. The fibertag provides outstanding performance and durability in harsh environmental conditions.
Dimmensions 45 x 30 x 1.6 mm
Material Fibreglass
For use on ATS proximity readers
IP class IP66
Frequency 125 KHz
Colour Black


text:
And I'll get by if you stick with me, brother!
There's something magic about Christopher Owens and I can't get what it is, but I spent my Saturday listening to his debut album - Lysandre - and it's quite different, it's more acoustic, more melodic and for my surprise he added saxophone to one of the songs (Riviera Rock) and I like it. He's an excellent guitar player and his lyrics get me thinking, always!
by Vivi on Sunday, December 01, 2013 tags christpher owens makes me high, music
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What's explosive about it:
Mounted battles are done when battles are fought while riding a mount, this provides a more dynamic feel during combats
Constantly changing 'Instance Dungeons'
Great aesthetics: vivid design and catchy music.
Knight Age is a 3D fantasy MMORPG from Joymax, players take on the role of of heroic knights of the world of Hayde. Battling on mobile mounts players experience a world of dynamic dungeons and 50v50 PvP action.
Players can obtain eggs which they can incubate and hatch into Pupas, which they can train and level up. Pupas can assist players through hunting and enhancing items by providing GEM called Pantas.
Knight Age has cutesy graphics that are aesthetically pleasing, accompanied with catchy music to engage players.
Knight Age system requirements:
|OS: Windows XP SPack 3 / Windows Vista / Windows 7
|CPU: Pentium single core 2.4GB
Graphics Card: Geforce6600 / Radeon X1600
15 User ReviewsLeave Your Review
crap game going shutdown
Knight Age Online Service Termination Announcement!
30. август 2013. у 01:32
To our beloved Knight Age users,
Greetings! This is from Joymax's Knight Age operation team.
We would like to extend our sincerest thanks to those whom have loved and had as much fun with Knight Age as we did. We would also like to express our deepest apologies for delivering such regrettable news to our valued users.
September of the year 2012 has been a meaningful month for us. It is when we proudly presented our first Mounted Battle MMORPG game and launched it globally to provide entertaining environment to all of our users.However, contrary to our expectations, lots of difficulties and have been experienced both by players and the developers of the game as well. Though we really tried our best to resolve these issues and various ways of resolving methods have been considered and pursued, but the result ended up not providing the best service and game quality to our valued customers. Also the game's ultimate goal was to make all of our players happy and gratified, but the current game service couldn't fully ensure our customers' satisfaction due to an imperfect game environment. We are sad to say that the game service for Knight Age will end September 24, 2013.
Words can't be expressed how we feel for our customers and we also would like to sincerely apologize for making such a decision.
Please refer the notice below regarding the notice of service end and the date of the compensation of purchased items. We hope that our players continue their support for Knight Age until it closes.
Service End Schedule
im formated and this game here, have genderlock lol
this suck game no load
Game won't load past the Launch page.
how about my xp is SP2 ? lol
lookes boring stoped downoading
The game looks fine and all but you'll regret playing this when the time is ripe.
JOYMAX is known for screwing up their games into money gropping material.
Just a warning.
It is a good game and has a small installer file size i don't really consider endless grinding because you have many option to be strong in the game like leveling your mount by eating grass LOL exploring the PUPA i think all FREE MMORPG has a built in "grind" in the game well it is understandable because how will you level up if you don't kill monster LOL
anyway i like the game i hope more and more people will come and try the game 🙂
only play this game if you like endless grinding
@Siik yeah I noticed that too it looks like the forest of tides map.
4th picture has the exact portal animation as Fiesta Online…
I can't get the game to start. I downloaded everything, and even that patch download, which I think is unnecessary. I double click the icon on my desktop and it opens a window that says: "SOFTWARE/JOYMAX/Knightage?" And I click Yes, and it opens up an internet explorer browser on a search engine looking for "www.caem2.co.kr". Can someone please help?
Seriously, people need to stop looking at just the art. Yeah, it looks cutesy and all, but this game has some addicting gameplay.
If you like Pokemon, there are some aspects of that in the game. You collect these random eggs lying around the map and they turn into your pet. You raise these pets to fight for you and you can even combine them with other pets to create a stronger version. You can even collect rare pets dropped by bosses from dungeons.
Then there are the mounts. Soon after you reach level 5 you get your own mount. Like the pets, you can raise them and they grow stronger & faster. This will help since all battles will be carried on a mount. It might be hard at first to fight on a mount, but you'll soon learn how to move around and won't ever want to get on the ground.
Anyway, just play it. It's free.


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The biennial North American Garden Tourism Conference is where Gardens, Backyard Experiences and the Tourism industry meet to discuss finest practices and new and rising strategies geared to rising each sectors from a Backyard Tourism perspective. Though usually jobs are created by tourism, most are relatively low level, equivalent to bar work, lodge service, restaurant serving, and so forth. Based mostly upon air traffic, the MasterCard International Destination Cities Index reports the next cities as the highest ten most popular destinations of international tourism worldwide. Tourism jobs are fairly generally seasonal and insecure with no further advantages, akin to pensions, sick pay, or well being care. That is in all probability the principle advantage of tourism and the reason why it has been promoted so much in recent years in growing international locations especially.
This world spread of tourism in industrialised and developed states has produced financial and employment advantages … Read the rest


text:
Hardwood charcoal for bbq is the machine made charcoal, it's also called charcoal core rods, artificial carbon, renewable carbon, and smoke-free clean carbon, is made through the technology of extrusion and carbonization of the crushed wood sawdust.
Machine made charcoal has kinds of the raw material, such as sawdust, wood chips, wood shavings, and so on. While the best material is sawdust.Hardwood charcoal for bbq made of hardwood sawdust isenvironmental friendly, no smell, no smoke, no spark, chemical free, high burning value, low ash, no spark, long burning time and professional use for indoor and outdoor bbq and cooking in restaurants…
1. Make every effort to meet customers' requirements.
2. To offer customers superior quality products.
3. To offer customers professional service.
4. To promise customer prompt delivery.


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New FREE Addictive Arcade Game
24 June, 2014 by Avert
Drop your squares in this addictive yet easy to master arcade game. Square Drop is available for download FOR FREE on Google Play and will be in the iOS App store this week!
Square Drop - Android
Square Drop - Homepage


text:
7 New Ebates Cashback Categories for Amazon
Info Post
Are you ready to shop?? This latest collaboration of Amazon and Ebates is aimed at filling up you and your family's wardrobe. There are seven new categories to shop in and enjoy 3% cash back! Besides clothing, there is beauty, which encompasses make up, skincare and fragrances, sweet :)


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By: Raty Ning
This time marathon we're not bringing the theme 'personal best' but 'no one is left behind.'
Two friends of mine from Berlari Untuk Berbagi, Mario and Andi Rantau, will run a marathon for the first time and paramarathon veterans has agreed to escort them to the finish. Groups were divided into 2 groups based on the estimated time.
Apparently it turned out be a difficult race arena that made these two runners cramps already since the KM15. The other friends were still there escorting and waiting for them patiently. Some of the runners who almost reach the finish (about 500 meters to go) from the group decided to take a break and wait for another 45 minutes so that they could reach the finish together with Mario, and those who have had reached the finish went back to the track to looked for Mario and ran together with him.
Meanwhile, there was coach Indra patiently escorting Andi Rantau from group 2. Andi has been incapable to run anymore since the KM37 because he has beaten up his feet and they decided to walk to the inish accompanied by Manov even though the field officer had asked them to ride in the bus since it has exceeded the cut-off time at the moment.
In the end, the committee who wore a short with the name "last man" came over to escort them along with the medical, timing official and the other officers.
They were finally welcomed by fellows who have patiently waited for them since the race has had started.
Marathon is far bigger than personal best. It's about commitment, patience and perseverance and in this case, brotherhood.
Thank you Coach Indra, Coach Fakhrol, Chief Sandi, Arlan, Billy Manov, Didot and all BUB runners for the inspiration. Keep on running, and inspiring others.
I'm proud to be a member of 'Berlari Untuk Berbagi' family.
* Congrats again for the first time marathon finishers: Mario, Andi Rantau and Pak Makdel
* Adapted from the writings of Coach Indra, thanks


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I do most of my programming using using an IDE, historically I've used Eclipse and recently I've been using NetBeans. IDEs are nice because they will compile code for you automatically each time you save. However, for a current homework assignment for my distributed technologies class, we need to do some command line work. Since Java comes prepackaged with Leopard, most of the command line tools already work. Alas, the wsimport command (web service import) does not work out of the box. Getting this command to work required some short research on my favorite search engine and turns out to be rather easy.
From your Unix Terminal, typing the command "locate wsimport" shows where the command is housed:
The Unix cat command is used to read from, write two, or merge files. Custom environment variables are stored in a hidden file in the root of a user's Home directory called .profile. In Unix, the tilde character (~) is a shortcut meaning Home. Typing "cat ~/.profile" will show the contents of the .profile file, if your computer has one. My computer did not up until this point. Now type "cat>>~/.profile". Now type "PATH=$PATH:/System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/1.6.0/Commands/". Be careful though because the cat command is still working. Press [control+c] to exit the cat command. Now if you type "cat ~/.profile" you should see the line you just typed:
Close and reopen your Unix Terminal and type "wsimport". The command will run and tell you that you didn't enter enough information for it to do anything usefull and will display its usage information.


text:
Recent Posts
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Chances of Getting a Date
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To begin with, H-YPE is an excellent choice for people with Herpes living in the United Kingdom. The YPE stands for Your Positive Experience. It is known that people with STDs are often lonely. What is more, they frequently encounter discrimination and live with a constant fear of rejection. Hence, the H-YPE is not only a dating site, but a community as well. Firstly, it emerged as a site for singles with HPV and HSV in the UK with the goal to live normally. Shortly after, it became a fast-growing network. Thus, if you are positive for HSV, Herpes, HPV, or another STD, this is the right place. In essence, this site offers love, friendship, and community support.
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The site is run by people diagnosed with an STD. Therefore, they bring important advice and support. Moreover, the standard or basic membership is free. Additionally, this site has great privacy features and security. However, with only standard membership, you cannot access all of them. At the moment, this site has members from many countries. It is possible to communicate emails, winks, and instant messaging features. Besides, there are chat rooms and forums.
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I always have to get a photo of the Minneapolis skyline.
We're here, walking up to the door.
A bouquet made from jewelry.
A kitchen butcher block island using baskets from an old gym locker or swimming pool as storage underneath.
This bench started out as a door.
A rotobin! Remember? I have one. This one is pretty beat up, and it is a small table top model, but we saw a couple of large ones at the event and noticed that not one of them was for sale.
They were all being used for displays.
(I am patting myself on the back right now.)
Lamp shades made from multiple products.
I am kicking myself over this one. I saw it the first day and didn't check into shipping, but sure wish I would have. It was a beautiful paper tray. I asked about it the second day, and ... it was already gone. Aaaarrrrrggghhh!
What's that saying? When you snooze, you lose.
More great cabinets..
Milking by machine - must have been a new concept.
Sample teeth - many shapes and colors. Honestly, I can't think of what I would do with them.
Pearls were popular this year.
So true - we love our junk!
Garden decorations made from old flatware and jars.
Lots of stuff to look at in this booth.
Love the retro metal dining room chairs.
Bird houses are always popular and "cozy."
Old bed springs make great candle holders.
Vintage grocery store signs were not cheap - $5 and up.
They would be great to frame and place on a kitchen wall.
There was so much to see and just looking at these pictures
make me want to start making plans for next year!


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10 Most Bizarre Things Available for RentSubmitted by
Roundup Excerpt
The following text is an excerpt of the original article, hence it belongs to the respective copyright holder/s.
From a bridesmaid to a female caring robot, meet ten of the craziest stuff you can actually rent.
Subscribe to our feed or follow us on Twitter and never miss the top roundups.


text: The Toast/The Butter put up two articles about the BSC: Literary Ladies Cage Fight: SVH vs the BSC and Ayn Rand's The Baby-Sitters Club. The color graphic novel version of KGI is definitely in stores all over the US and Canada now, so pick yours up! I've heard on the grapevine that it's selling well.


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It just struck my mind to take a look at my previous recipes and see if they could fit anywhere in a dinner menu...?
I was delighted to finally categorize Curd Chicken and Italian American Pasta Salad as appetizers. And Chicken Haleem, Tempering Rice and Palak Paneer for the main course. I'm still working on a doable dessert.
So if you find yourself in a state of confusion about setting up a dinner menu, this idea may be of little help there.


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On August 8, the late General Richard Fazakerley received full honors provided by the Army, his branch of service. These honors included an escort platoon, a military band, and a caisson. As a General, he was eligible for and received an 11-gun cannon salute.
The Blinded Veterans Association deeply regrets the passing of the following blinded veterans.
Sign Up for BVA's Monthly e-Newsletter!
Email & Social Media Marketing by VerticalResponse


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Return to About Mormons home
Attitudes Toward Poverty
by David J. Cherrington
For Latter-day Saints, as for all Christians, attending to the needs of the poor is service to God (Matt. 25:31-40; Mosiah 2:17; D&C 42:38) and an expression of the greatest spiritual gift, the attitude of charity (1 Cor. 13:13). King Benjamin explained in the Book of Mormon that, as a result of true repentance, people are filled with the love of God and the desire to administer to those in need (Mosiah 4:16). It is no excuse that "the man has brought upon himself his misery," for all are beggars dependent upon God, who gives generously (Mosiah 4:17-23). Benjamin required that the poor also carry this attitude and covet notthose who cannot give are to say in their hearts, "I give not because I have not, but if I had I would give" (Mosiah 4:24-25). Giving to the poor is essential to retaining a remission of one's sins and walking guiltless before God (Mosiah 4:26). Anyone who cries unto God sends up a petition in vain without giving "to those who stand in need" (Alma 34:28).
In 1935 the Church established an extensive Welfare Services program to assist those in need. In addition, all members of the Church are encouraged to give their time and resources wherever possible. Efforts to help the poor are designed to relieve suffering by supplying immediate needs (cf. Luke 10:29-42; 16:19-39), to build self-sufficiency through employment, and to teach people to give willingly (D. McKay, CR [Oct. 1941]:54; see Welfare Services). Widows or orphans are to be provided for (James 1:27; D&C 83:6), especially those destitute because of persecution (D&C 42:30, 39; 52:40; 104:14-18). Indolence on the part of those who are able to work is condemned (Prov. 20:4; 1 Tim. 5:8, 13; D&C 42:42); the poor are to contribute their own labor, whenever possible (Deut. 15:7-11; 24:19; 2 Thes. 3:10). Through the efforts of all living the gospel law in an ideal society worthy of the presence of the Lord, there are "no poor among them" (Moses 7:18; Acts 4:32-35; 4 Ne. 1:2-3; D&C 42:30-33; see Zion).
Those who willingly give to the poor are promised many blessings, including eternal life (Luke 18:18-23; Matt. 25:31-40), deliverance (Ps. 41:1), forgiveness (Alma 4:13-14), happiness (Prov. 14:21), material rewards (Prov. 19:17; 28:27; Jacob 2:17-19; Deut. 24:19), and answers to prayers (Alma 34:28). Strong condemnations are repeated against those who refuse to share with the poor (2 Ne. 9:30; D&C 56:16). Caring for the poor is a significant moral challenge and obligation (Deut. 15:11; CWHN 9:193).
Under the Law of Moses, the poor were to be treated generously (Epsztein, pp. 108-134). The corners of fields were left for them to reap (Lev. 19:9-10; Deut. 24:19-21); the produce of the land every seventh year was given first to the poor and the stranger (Ex. 23:10-11; Lev. 25:3-7); loans to the poor were interest free (Lev. 25:35-37; Ex. 22:25-27); Hebrews sold into bondage to other Hebrews were emancipated and generously supplied after six years of service (Ex. 21:2-6; Deut. 15:12-15); and the tithes not used by the Levites were given to the poor (Deut. 14:28-29; 26:12-13). Still, this did not absolve the responsibility to do more if another remained in need (Deut. 15:11).
The law of consecration, revealed to Joseph Smith in 1831 (D&C 42), invited the members to give all they possessed to the Church, receive back what they needed (their stewardships), use what they received to provide for themselves, and give their surplus to the Church. These surpluses and the residues of their inheritances were held in the bishop's storehouse and used first to help the poor (Cook, 1985). Latter-day scriptures speak warnings equally to the rich and to the poor: "Wo unto you rich men, that will not give your substance to the poor, for your riches will canker your souls . Wo unto you poor men, whose hearts are not broken, whose spirits are not contrite, and whose bellies are not satisfied, and whose hands are not stayed from laying hold upon other men's goods, whose eyes are full of greediness, and who will not labor with your own hands!" (D&C 56:16-17).
Most fundamental, however, is the generosity of individuals. As a minimum, most Latter-day Saints believe they should fast for two meals (twenty-four hours) each month and give the equivalent of these two meals, or more, as a fast offering. In addition, many believe they are expected to do more, to contribute to organized charities and to give personal assistance in the form of money, training, and encouragement (see Economic Aid; Humanitarian Service).
(See also Wealth, Attitudes Toward; Daily Living home page; Welfare and Humanitarian Assistance home page)
Cook, L. W. Joseph Smith and the Law of Consecration. Provo, Utah, 1985.
Epsztein, Leon. Social Justice in the Ancient Near East and the People of the Bible. London, 1986.
Nibley, Hugh W. Approaching Zion. Salt Lake City, 1990.
Encyclopedia of Mormonism
Copyright © 1992 by Macmillan Publishing Company
All About Mormons


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On Saturday, August 8th, counselors from Hof Ashkelon and Kiryat Malachi working at the Stroum JCC on Mercer Island, were invited as guests to the Herzl Ner Tamid Conservative Congregation Shabbat services. Nancy Height Morse, one of the host parents for the counselors, read Torah, and the counselors were briefly introduced and told a bit about themselves and their experineces. The counselors are in the US for six weeks to add Jewish and Israeli content to the JCC camp.
Adapted from the OC Register in Orange County:
On Saturday, Aug. 1, two special guests spoke following an instrumental Shabbat Service at Temple Beth Emet in Anaheim.
The guests are Youth Ambassadors in the United States as part of an America-Israel Friendship League program. The mission of the AIFL is to strengthen the ties between the people of the United States and Israel; bridging distances to reveal the beauty, the humanity and the modern democratic values that define both nations.
Safir Shalev lives on Moshav Geha in the Ashketon Coast Region near Kiryat Malachi, and is in the 11th grade at the Shikma School in Yad Mordechai. She has been active as a counselor in the Bnai Moshavim Youth Movement.
Noy Sujaz is from Kiryat Malachi and is in the 11th grade at the Amal High School. Noy is active in the Kiryat Malachi Youth Council. She volunteers in the Tzeva after-school tutoring program with elementary school children.
The Instrumental Shabbat, which begins at 10 a.m., is a special recurring feature of worship at Beth Emet. It is part of the Temple's commitment to explore and expand the spiritual nature of traditional Jewish worship. The congregation invites everyone to the Kiddush and to visit with our speakers following services.
Friday, August 7, 2009
Counselors from Kiryat Malachi and Hof Ashkelon--US Shabbat experiences
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I need someone to make an infographic of all the vitamins and things you need to have every day and what kinds of food to find them in, that way I can look at it and figure out how to make food that has all of it in there. Something that I could draw lines between to make a meal would be super fun. I really wish I remembered the things from my nutrition dvds in highschool…
Also, an info graphic on how to adjust my eyes and nose to cat hair would be cool too. I don't think the weather outside is helping at all either. It's too cold and wet to open the windows for long. I did just sweep up though, so I probably got some more furs on me. It's nothing unbearable though, just not used to it yet. Tonks is so worth it though, he's adorable.
sidebar: I did some more screenwriting in my office on my comfy futon. I think I'm going to finish the dishes and paint to Harry Potter, and if there's time, do some questing in Northrend before I finish the laundry and go grocery shopping. (Dinner adventure consists of applebees because we already ate the tasty salisbury steak for lunch).


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When living in urban-India, if you do not have 2 or more maids working in your household, then you're probably having financial issues – This is the general Delhi-mindset. Working woman, working in corporate, have kids at home, you ought to have a cook and a cleaning help. Sometimes, a full-time help taking care of the kids and general dusting. This has become a social norm.
I've belonged to the same category, ever since I started living separately from my parents.
But, recently, I moved into my new home. As fate would have it, my cook bailed out, and I didn't get anyone for dusting either. Now, let me tell you, it all was only a phone call away. I just need to call the society guard and I would have a queue of maids ready to take the job at my doorstep. Somehow, my intuition kept telling me otherwise and I did not make the call.
It's been two months now since my cook had to leave urgently for her hometown. And, I've been cooking ever since. Preparing two meals, sometimes three, every day, is no easy task. There were days when I returned home so exhausted, I didn't have the energy to even prepare rotis. (The veggies I cook in the morning itself.)
And, cooking is not all that's to be done at home. Clothes, general cleaning, stocking up your house, dusting, the list is long. Plus, the unpacking of the boxes in shifting. I can keep writing and will never finish.
So, why did I do it?
1. In a new house, unless you work yourself in the kitchen, you can never get it set the way you want. You need to use it to make it functional.
2. With a cook taking care of my kitchen for almost 2yrs now, I wanted to take control of my kitchen again. See if doing things myself made any difference.
3. The cook was very good. I wanted to wait for her than let a stranger enter my house and teach her.
So, that's how the two months of cooking, cleaning, owning my house started.
And, as unbelievable as it sounds, even to me, I've enjoyed this. The feeling of contributing to the general care of your house is amazing. To see your child say 'yummy' to food you cooked, you have another level of satisfaction. To see your husband's appetite go up, you know this is making a difference. The wastage in my kitchen has significantly reduced. The general hygiene that I can take care of, no employee can. Cleaning the glass doors and see them gleam, to find your body toning just with that physical exercise, you are surprised! It shouldn't, but it does.
Today, I and Anay cleaned all our house glass-doors. I'm tired and exhausted. The job wasn't completely perfect either. We need some improvements in the steps we took. But, the whole activity was satisfying and enjoyable beyond measure. To see your child learning that not everything needs to be outsourced and house work can be done yourself, its deeply satisfying. Reminds me of how I used to see my Mom and Dad do stuff. Nothing was what they couldn't do.
I don't know how long I'll be able to continue this. My exercise and yoga has stopped because my time is all taken now. The time I and Tarun spent walking, talking, is now gone taking care of the house. So, probably I'll need to get the maid back.
But, I enjoyed this. I hope I'm able to find a balance.


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An Hour with Danielle Ward and Roisin Conaty
I did my first Edinburgh show in 2005 with Roisin Conaty. It was mainly us doing a bit of stand up each, but we did finish with a song that I composed. Yes, even the music. Roisin ended her 2010 show with a song also and went on to win the Best Newcomer Award – curses.
Fact: The two instances of note were a powercut and a stage invasion by some mega-prick who was in on a corporate ticket.
Exit Music: Rock and Roll Suicide – David Bowie
"Hilarious" – The List


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LONDON (CBS.MW) - Stock futures were shaking off overnight losses early Tuesday, signalling some expectation for a rebound in New York. European stocks were turned higher.
Home Depot HD, -0.03% rose 7.8 percent to $30.25 after the home improvement retailer topped the consensus forecast for its fiscal first quarter by two cents and affirmed its earnings outlook for the year. Rival Lowe's LOW, +0.79% rose 1.7 percent to $41.
Office supplies retailer Staples SPLS was up 3.3 percent at $20.40 after it topped the consensus estimate and that it expects current quarter earnings per share in line with the analyst estimates.
The Nasdaq 100 tracker QQQ, +0.20% and the S&P 500 tracker SPY, +0.18% were leading early volumes on the market call, up 0.3 percent and 0.2 percent, respectively on the New York ECNs.
Currency markets were stable after Monday's wild swings that saw the euro come within inches of its 1999 market launch level at $1.1750.
On Tuesday, the euro was kept below $1.17 amid increased expectations for interest rate relief from the European Central Bank in early June. Overnight easing of liquidity by the Bank of Japan and talk of Japan intervention in the currency markets to sell yen on Monday were also contributing to stabilization, some analysts said.
The dollar rose to 117.20 yen. Over 2 trillion yen was needed to move the dollar off 115.10, Brussels-based analysts at Fortis Bank said.
M&A in the medical sector surfaced after Chiron's $867 million takeover offer for a British vaccine maker on Monday.
Zimmer Holdings ZMH on Tuesday said it will bid SFr4.16 billion ($3.22 billion) for orthopedic devices group Centerpulse CEP, +5.26% Zimmer dropped 7.2 percent to $44.80.
Centerpulse shares were suspended in Switzerland, but were last at SFr292 per share; the offer implies a value of SFr350 per share.
The deal would make Zimmer the top pure-play orthopaedics company in the world, it said. The bid trumps a $2.5 billion offer on the table from Britain's Smith & Nephew SNN, +0.26% which already bid $2.5 billion. S&N shares dropped 7 percent in London. See full story
Axcan Pharma Inc. (AXCA) said it's increasing its cash tender offer for Salix Pharmaceuticals (SLXP) by 20 percent to $10.50 per share.
Drug stocks were likely to remain in focus after sharp declines Monday on the heels of a surprise Supreme Court ruling on a Maine program that offered lower drug prices to the uninsured. See the story. Pfizer, J&J and Merck fell 5.4 percent, 2.5 percent and 4.7 percent, respectively.
Merck MRK, -0.71% traded up around $1 at Instinet at $57.50. In London, shares of GlaxoSmithKline GSK, +0.12% and AstraZeneca AZN, -1.12% declined around 2 percent each. Broker comment was negative. "Including the uninsured across the whole U.S. in discount programs could give a subsequent 4-6 percent hit to earnings," UBS Warburg said.
Credit Suisse First Boston downgraded its sector rating on the drugmakers to market weight from overweight, telling clients: "While the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling on Maine Rx is disappointing, our change in sector weighting reflects additional caution over recent softness in underlying U.S. prescription volume trends, lingering off-patent drug exposures and valuation work showing reasonable share price valuations."
Few underlying stocks were capturing much attention in the early-going. General Electric GE, +0.40% was down 10 cents in euro trading in Frankfurt at $27.44. GE's biggest union threatened to go on strike again next month, the New York Times is reporting. The union began negotiations on Monday for a new contract covering 14,000 workers. The stock was flat in New York in light trade at $27.56.
Hartford Financial Services Group HIG, +0.80% rose 0.4 percent to $45.95. The group late Monday said it raised $1.95 billion in three offerings.
Inspire Pharmaceuticals ISPH, +4.46% declined after announcing ia recent trial of its treatment for perennial allergic rhinitis was well-tolerated but it missed its primary endpoint of "significantly reducing the total nasal symptom score over the 28-day treatment period versus placebo." The stock last changed hands on the Island ECN at $12.64, well below Monday's closing price of $16.15.
In Frankfurt, Cisco Systems CSCO, +0.45% was up 1 percent cents at $16.11. Ciena Corp. CIEN, +3.93% had eased a few cents ahead of its quarterly. Microsoft MSFT, -0.05% was around 10 cents higher. Intel Corp. INTC, -0.50% was up 0.2 percent at $18.70 in New York.
In ADRs, Deutsche Telekom DT rose 3.3 percent on Instinet to $13.94. The German carrier's CEO Kai-Uwe Ricke said at the company's annual shareholder meeting that he does not expect consolidation in the U.S. mobile phone industry to be imminent, AFX reported. He also said DT may still float its T-Mobile phone unit publicly, although there are no plans to do so.


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What's Li-Fi?
Li-Fi, which stands for Light Fidelity, is a new type of fully networked wireless technology that's said to be 100 times faster than Wi-Fi and that provides a series of advantages that iPhone users could benefit from too.
Although at this point it's still in development and several companies have been trying to bank on Li-Fi for their devices, it continues to be an experimental feature that's yet to arrive on any device on the market.
Li-Fi uses visible light to transfer data between devices, with a light sensor installed on the device responsible for converting the information received into an electronic signal.
This method is said to provide transfer speeds of up to 224 gigabits per second.
And yet, Li-Fi creates new opportunities for owners of devices with such capabilities, as light sources such as the regular bulb in your house can also play the role of data transmitter to your phone.
The signal is invisible to the human eye, but the transfer speed is clearly higher than the one of standard Wi-Fi.