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Apparatus for safety monitoring in protective arrangements with normal and enhanced safety of machinery performing multiple-axis rotations
Apparatus for safety monitoring in protective arrangements with normal and enhanced safety of machinery performing multiple-axis rotations
Patent Drawings:
(16 images)
Date Issued:
August 16, 1994
July 15, 1991
Nesper; Gerhard
(Oberstenfeld, DE)
Elge Elektronik-Geratewerk GmbH & Co.
(Schopfloch, DE)
Primary Examiner:
Ip; Paul
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney Or Agent:
Darby & Darby
U.S. Class:
Field Of Search:
International Class:
U.S Patent Documents:
Foreign Patent Documents:
9102270; 3900733; 3837218; 4106009
Other References:
German article "KEM" Thema des Monats: Schalter und Relais, Sicherheitsrelais-Bausteine bieten verdrahtungssparende Kompaktlosungen, Erst beiStorung schalten, Jan. 1989, pp. 55-56..
In an apparatus for safety monitoring of protective arrangements with normal or enhanced safeguard for machinery performing multiple-axis rotations with shutoff contactors in the power supply section of the machine and an external monitoring circuit for safety hoods, contact, and manual permission for limited rotation, it is proposed that a power supply unit and a control unit, each in separate subhousings, be arranged in a basic device, with a plug contact connection being provided between the two that is separable and serves for interposed series connection of further supplementary monitoring units, with each monitoring unit monitoring certain shaft circuits of the target system and delivering its output signals in parallel on continuous tie lines guided via the respective plug contact means to the power supply unit, which activates shutoff contactors located in the power section of the target system via output relays.
What is claimed is:
1. An apparatus for safety monitoring of rotating machinery, said machinery having a protective device to prevent contact therewith, first and second shaft circuits formonitoring rotation of shafts of said machinery, shut-off contactors in a power supply section thereof, a protective device monitoring circuit for indicating the operation of said protective device, and a manually-activated monitoring circuit forcontrolling slow rotation of said machinery, said safety monitoring apparatus comprising:
a power supply unit, said power supply unit responsive to said protective device and manually activated monitoring circuits for controlling power to said shut-off contactors of said machinery;
a terminating control unit, said terminating control unit responsive to said first shaft circuit of said machinery for generating a first control signal indicating the rotational condition of said machinery;
at least one supplemental control unit, said supplementary control unit responsive to said second shaft circuit of said machinery for generating a second control signal indicating a rotational condition of said machinery;
a power supply unit subhousing;
a terminating control unit subhousing;
and at least one supplemental control unit subhousing;
each of said subhousings having plug contact means for providing electrical and mechanical connections;
and lead means for connecting said power supply unit subhousing, said at least one supplemental control unit subhousing and said terminating control unit subhousing in series.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said plug contact means on said power supply unit subhousing and said terminating control unit subhousing are different.
3. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said plug contact means are directional terminals, being either male or female.
4. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
said power supply unit subhousing, said at least one supplemental control unit subhousing and said terminating control unit subhousing have external terminal connections for connection with external rotation sensors, power terminals, or contactorenergization systems.
5. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said plug contact means have internal tie lines, said internal tie lines being connected to said external terminal connections, said terminal control unit and said at least one supplemental controlunit being connected in parallel by said tie lines.
6. An apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first means for prohibiting operation of said machinery if said first monitoring circuit indicates a hazardous condition;
a second means for allowing limited operation of said machinery, upon actuation of said manually-actuated monitoring circuit; and
a third means for allowing full operation of said machinery if said first monitoring circuit indicates a safe condition.
7. An apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising:
a rotation signal from a motion sensor in said machinery, said rotation signal being supplied to said first, second and third means; and
an energization signal from a motor of said machinery, said energization signal being supplied to said first, second and third means.
8. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said plug contact means of each of said subhousings prevents incorrect series connecting of said subhousings.
9. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
said power supply unit provides power to said terminating control unit and said at least one supplemental control unit;
said power supply unit provides monitoring signals from said first monitoring circuit and said manually-actuated monitoring circuit to said terminating control unit and said at least one supplemental control unit; and
said power supply unit provides shut-off signals to said shut-off contactors 1in said power supply section of said machinery.
The invention is based on an apparatus for safety monitoring in protective arrangements.
A known creep and rotation monitoring system in protective arrangements with normal or enhanced safety of this type (DE-OS 38 37 218), defines three different functional modes in the safety monitoring system, so as thereby to correspond to thevarious safety aspects of a target system. These three functional modes are defined so that:
A stationary monitoring system is implemented as a special mode with no motion, with the operating state of the target system corresponding to an open hazard zone (safety hood or safety screen open);
Further, a stationary monitoring system can be realized as a special mode with motion, again with an open hazard zone and with manual request for permission for limited creep of the target system; and lastly
A rotation monitoring system is implemented as the normal mode with the hazard zone closed, with limited rotation of the target system permitted within predefined limits.
In this context, monitoring of the operating states and rotary motions is subject to an absolute functional safety system corresponding in each case to double monitoring in a device, with the result that if faults occur, drive energy is alwayscut off.
It is possible in this context to sense the rotation of a shaft by means of two different encoder systems, with both of the signals obtained by means of corresponding rotation sensors being delivered to corresponding inputs of the monitoringcircuit in the form of square-wave pulses, so that the rotation signals can be processed by two measurement systems operating independently of each other, and can be redundantly analyzed in terms of their limited values.
It is also possible, by suitably timing the measurement systems by means of the prepared rotation signal, to realize reliable monitoring of the operability of the measurement systems and the encoders themselves. If one of the encoders fails andif a measurement system is faulty, the device responds to the malfunction status that it has detected by immediately shutting off drive energy.
Further safety aspects of the known arrangements consist in the fact that in the event of a malfunction, drive energy is shut off by means of two safety output relays that operate independently, with the additional possibility of determining theoperability of the safety output relays without shutting off drive energy, in connection with various test modes that are implemented by the measurement or monitoring systems. For example, it is possible to initiate deactivation of the driver stage forthe safety output relays, whose consequently dead status is reported to a downstream control electronic system. If the same signals are present in both circuits, such a test mode will then be mutually automatically acknowledged; deactivation of thesafety output relay systems can then occur without shutting off drive energy, since special capacitor storage circuits are provided, which are activated within the release time.
It is a generally known practice to associate protective circuits with operating machinery of various types, especially automatic machinery, and in any event to design the machinery's control system so that the operating motion of the machine ishalted as immediately as possible if a situation hazardous to the operator is present. This also includes machinery that cannot even be started, i.e. put into operation, unless a safety hood is closed or the operator actuates certain controls with bothhands. Unlike these known protective arrangements, complex process-controlled production machines, for example CNC (=computerized numerical control) systems and industrial robots, present particularly stringent industrial safety requirements, forexample when operators are in the hazard area of the machine in a special operating mode.
For example a hardware-based safety shutoff system for machinery is known, which operates in connection with the system controller and guarantees a safe condition in certain operating modes. Disadvantages can occur here as well, however, such asunnecessary charging time for power components, positioning losses due to data errors, and the like, so that further attempts at a solution are required here.
The invention is therefore based, proceeding from the creep and rotation monitoring arrangement of the aforesaid type, on the object of configuring a safety monitoring arrangement capable of meeting all safety requirements in such a way that evencomplex machines, especially known semi-automatic or automatic machines, in which more than one drive group requiring monitoring is always present, can be incorporated into a simply designed total monitoring system that can be expanded depending onrequirements and drive systems.
The invention achieves this object by means of the characterizing features of the main claim, and has the advantage that the entire creep and rotation monitoring system for machinery performing multiple-axis rotations can be monitored with onebasic device and a suitable number of expansion units, with no need to consider the specifications of individual machine manufacturers. The monitoring arrangement according to the invention is therefore universally applicable and especially economicalbecause, using the assumption of one basic device in a given machine, even a very complex one, initially a first and a second shaft circuit can be monitored for creep and rotation, each on two channels, with each monitoring system operating completelyindependently, i.e. two monitoring measurement systems are provided for each shaft circuit, so that one basic device in a first "control unit" has a total of four such monitoring measurement systems, which are then each supplemented, by means ofadditional supplementary monitoring units, with two additional shaft circuits, each with two-channel monitoring, thus with a total of four monitoring measurement systems.
In this connection the basic device is configured so that it is divided into a power supply unit with its own housing and the aforementioned control unit, which also comprises its own subhousing and is connected to the power supply unit by meansof a plug connection of basically any type. If this plug connection is separated, it is then possible to insert additional supplementary monitoring units between the power supply unit (only one of which is present in each case) and the control unit(only one of which is present in each case) which then also simultaneously always necessarily constitutes the last terminal unit, with the electrical connection in each case being made by appropriate plug contacts which are configured so that no errordue to incorrect connections is possible. It is evident that the partial circuit area of the basic device referred to earlier as the "power supply unit" does not simply supply power, but performs fundamental tasks of the safety monitoring system thatneed to be performed only once, i.e., the sum of the creep and rotation analyses is determined by the power supply unit and reported, by means of an associated safety output relay system, to a downstream externally connected control system; moreover theglobal signals of monitoring circuits for determining individual operating states which each occur only once for a given machine are suitably processed, and pass from the said power supply unit to the downstream individual creep and rotation monitoringunits, so that reciprocal communication in both directions occurs at the plug contacts, starting at the power supply unit, through the various interposed monitoring units, to the particular control unit constituting the terminal circuit. In thisconnection the individual creep and rotation monitoring units are connected mechanically (via the plug contacts) and electrically one after the other "in series", but operate in parallel on connecting lines that lead to the power supply unit, so thateach monitoring measurement system of each monitoring unit is capable of activating the power supply unit and bringing the entire machine to a halt.
This results in the advantage for the user that only one basic device (power supply unit, control unit) ever needs to be provided for each machine or machine system being monitored, and then, depending on the complexity of the machine, anappropriate number of monitoring units must be added, or more precisely must be connected to one another in series by interposition during assembly, resulting in a safety system which meets all requirements of the protective arrangement with double (i.e.redundant) monitoring of all shaft circuits. Thus each additional unit, namely the control unit as well as the supplementary monitoring units which can be individually plugged in and thus connected in series with one another, independently monitors twoshaft circuits at a time, and thus because of the required redundancy has available in each case a total of four monitoring measurement systems. Each of the units can be defined by means of its own independent parameters, and provides creep and rotationanalysis.
What is thus provided for each shaft circuit is a first relevant signal, which changes in proportion to the rotation and is detected by means of a separate motion sensor or encoder; as well as a second relevant and thus redundant signal, whicheither can also be detected by means of a separate encoder which then operates in another frequency range; or (advantageously) an additional signal, which confirms the first relevant rotation signal and thereby ensures the redundant function of the shaftcircuit, is determined, specifically by deriving from the particular power section of the shaft circuit an activation signal which indicates, as a high signal or low signal ("1" or "0", respectively), whether the shaft drive motor is being energized. This possibility is available as an alternative to the possibility, also envisaged, of separately providing a second encoder per shaft for rotation detection.
An additional advantage of the invention consists in the fact that each of the individual monitoring units has three different functional modes which can be selected, as indicated in the aforesaid DE-OS 38 37 218, by means of the correspondingexternal operating state of the target system (e.g., automatic lathe with a number of shaft circuits) externally, namely by outside intervention of the particular operator.
Lastly, it is advantageous that the aforesaid individual units in their respective subhousings are mechanically configured in a uniform housing embodiment by wireless plug-in module assembly, with the plug system being designed so that incorrectseries connection of the units is ruled out; and in addition each consequently middle supplementary monitoring unit must, when no additional supplementary monitoring units are to be added to it, be terminated on its respective unoccupied side, by thecontrol unit belonging to the basic device in order to guarantee the operability of this monitoring system.
The respective housing dimensions are such as to allow insertion into a standardized mounting rail.
Advantageous further embodiments and enhancements of the invention are possible based on the features set forth in the subclaims.
Practical examples of the invention are depicted in the drawings and will be explained in more detail in the specification below.
FIGS. 1A and 1B show a block diagram of the basic device of the present invention, and a schematic depiction of the target system;
FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C show a block diagram of a basic device of the present invention supplemented with only one additional monitoring unit;
FIG. 3 schematically depicts a wiring example for the power supply unit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the wiring example of the control unit, with connections for additional units;
FIG. 5 shows a further wiring form, of FIGS. 3 and 4, with connections on both sides in the form of plugs or sockets;
FIGS. 6A and 6B show top, front and rear views of the external housing of the basic device of the present invention;
FIGS. 7A and 7B show top, side and rear views of the external housing of the basic device with a supplementary monitoring unit of the present invention;
FIGS. 8A and 8B indicate an embodiment of an output circuit area of the power supply unit;
FIGS. 9A, 9B and 9C in greater detail an embodiment of a monitoring measurement system according to the present invention.
Referring to the block diagrams in FIGS. 1 and 2, the machine being monitored (target system) is designated 10 and 10'; it is not part of the monitoring circuit area and consists, without going into greater detail, of a suitable processor orcontrol element 11, a peripheral 12 associated with control element 11 and power sections 13 energized by the processor which, by reply or otherwise, make possible regulated operation of the particular motion unit 14 energized by the power section, forexample an electric motor.
In the practical example of the invention that is illustrated, the electric motors whose particular output rotations are to be monitored, which can, for example, be the drive motors for the spindles of a lathe, a milling machine or the like, arein each case denoted 14.
The target system can basically be of any type and configuration; there is provided therein for each shaft circuit a power section 13, power for which is supplied via a shutoff contactor section 21, which is acted upon by the output circuit ofthe power supply unit belonging to the basic device. Shutoff contactor section 21 comprises two series-wired shutoff contactors KB and KA, each of which is acted upon by its own output interface circuit 20a, 20b of the power supply unit EBKS.
To monitor the motion or rotation of each shaft circuit, two dissimilar or different motion sensors (which are also called encoders) are provided; according to a preferred practical example of the present invention, however, there is associatedwith each shaft circuit, i.e. with each spindle for example, only one external rotation sensor 15 which in FIGS. 1 and 2 is denoted as the IN signal proportional to the rotation, while the confirmation signal ensuring redundant operation of the shaftcircuits is derived, as signal L, from the particular power section 13 for the corresponding shaft circuit, and thus also reaches the respective shaft circuit functional block 16.
The depiction in FIGS. 1 and 2 indicates that each control and monitoring unit can process two independent shaft circuit signal data, so that as shown in FIG. 1, a monitoring system consisting of one basic device can perform two separate shaftcircuit monitoring operations, as indicated.
The encoders used can sense the rotation of the particular output shaft in any manner at all; thus for example they can be optical, inductive or capacitive proximity switches or sensors, while Hall generators, incremental rotation sensors,magnetic field plate proximity switches, and the like can also be used. ordinarily the arrangement can be a coding plate or slotted plate that is optically sensed, while the redundant signal L from the respective power section can be a high signal ("i")for a rotation, and a "O" signal when stationary.
Remaining initially with FIG. 1, the two relevant output signals for each moving shaft pass, via their respective device inputs IN and L, to the associated monitoring measurement system MA, MB for the first shaft circuit and MA', MB' for thesecond shaft circuit.
Each of the measurement systems analyzes the incoming rotation signals IN and L in terms of their limited predefined values and comprises, for each relevant rotation signal--as will be explained below only once with reference to control unit EBKCin FIG. 1--a shaft interface 17, a downstream processor unit 18, and a control circuit 19 connected thereto, whose respective output signals (four control circuits are thus located in each control unit EBKC and supplementary monitoring unit EBKU) passvia tie lines 30 and the aforesaid plug contact connections 31 to output interface circuits 20a, 20b, which act upon the shutoff contactors.
The universally shared power supply unit EBKS has, in addition to output interface circuits 20a, 20b, not only a line power section 32 for generally supplying power to the connected units via their respective plug contacts, but also a commonmonitoring interface 22, which acts, via interposed processor circuits 22a, 22b, the aforesaid tie lines, and plug contacts 31, on the control units (this time in the opposite direction), so that the latter also react to the signals of an externalmonitoring circuit 23 also associated with the target system, and can operate in a suitably matched functional manner, especially when switching among the various functional modes (which remain to be discussed).
External monitoring circuit 23 comprises one or preferably two separate door contact circuits 24a, 24b and a permission contact circuit 25 which is a default-open switch that re-opens when it is no longer being manually actuated by an operator,and can therefore preferably be configured as a pushbutton.
In protective arrangements with normal safety, monitoring circuit 23 contains only a door contact circuit (as illustrated in FIG. 1) in the form of a default-open switch, output signal S of which is delivered to input S' of monitoring interface22.
Signal E of the permission contact circuit (default-open switch 25) arrives at input E' of the monitoring interface.
With regard to control of the output circuit by power supply unit EBKS, it should also be mentioned that associated with output interface circuits 20a, 20b are output switching relays Rel A and Rel B, which energize the circuit in which each ofthe shutoff contactors is connected in series to power sections 13 of the target system (see also FIG. 8). The output switching relays each have a break contact Rka, Rkb as well as a corresponding number of operating contacts Raa and Rab. These as wellas other break contacts of the energized shutoff contactors KA and KB can be used to control activation and operation, and are connected only to the respective operating contacts, while the erating contact circuits serve to shut off drive energy and areconnected only to the break contact.
As compared with the block diagram of FIG. 1, the block diagram of FIG. 2 shows an expanded monitoring system with a total of four separate shaft circuit monitors for a given target system, with the sole difference that while power supply unitEBKS and terminal control unit EBKC unit belonging to the basic device are retained, in the practical example of FIG. 2 there is interposed between these two, by separating their respective plug contacts 31, only a single additional supplementarymonitoring unit EBKU; it is evident that in this case basically any number of additional supplementary monitoring units EBKU can be added on in series by simple interposition, of course always in such a way that an EBKC control unit constitutes theterminating unit.
For this purpose, supplementary monitoring units EBKU have on both sides plug contact regions 31' and 31" which, for reliable orientation and to eliminate misconnections, can for example be configured so that in each case plugs are provided onone side and sockets on the other, so that series connection can occur only in one defined manner.
It is worth noting that this series connection of the various add-on monitoring units (supplementary monitoring units and control unit) for rotation by means of the plug contacts in each case extends tie lines 30 that are guided through eachdevice, so that ultimately, for example, the outputs of the respective control circuits 19 of each additional unit (and each unit contains four control circuits, as shown) are connected in parallel to the respective associated tie line 30. Internal tielines 30' can then also be provided, for example between the particular shaft interfaces or the control circuits, so that the latter can interchange data, or, since they belong in each case to a single shaft circuit, so that reciprocal acknowledgment ispossible in certain test modes.
The depictions of FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, which belong together, again show this basic concept of the present invention in greater detail: still using the block diagram depiction, FIG. 3 illustrates the left, terminating power supply unit EBKS as asubhousing of the basic device, for example with a socket strip 31a arranged on the right side of the housing, while control unit EBKC of FIG. 4, also belonging to the basic device, correspondingly has a plug strip 31b on the left side. The depiction inFIG. 4 also clearly shows the various tie lines 30 that are guided continuously to the outer contact terminals; the one additional supplementary monitoring unit EBKU shown in FIG. 5 indeed clearly indicates that tie lines 30 actually do run continuouslyfrom the left to the right plug contact terminal, and the respective internal circuit elements of each unit constitute taps on the continuous lines and are thus in a position ultimately to be switched through to the processor and output interfacecircuits of the power supply unit EBKS, where they can be processed. Accordingly, then, the EBKU supplementary monitoring unit of FIG. 5, still continuing the prior convention, has on the left side of the illustration a plug strip 31b' and on the rightside a socket strip 31a'. It is evident that FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 schematically show the only the tie line regions that are relevant here, and that individual circuits are not depicted. The depiction in FIG. 4 also shows that the terminal circuit ofcontrol unit EBKC is always required, in each case on the right side (according to convention) so that no open sockets are present at that point. Only by connecting control unit EBKC, which returns and correctly terminates tie lines 30, is it in any waypossible to operate the entire monitoring system, with expansions if applicable.
FIGS. 6 and 7 show practical embodiments of external housing aspects and possibilities for connecting them together in series; FIG. 6 (top) shows, in top view, the connection side of the basic device with the two subhousings 35a for the powersupply unit and 35b for the terminating control unit. FIG. 6 (bottom) shows the back side or plug contact side of the two subhousing, continuously connected to one another in series; socket strip 31a of the EBKS subhousing 35a for the power supply unit,and pin side 31b of the control unit connected thereto are evident. FIG. 7 shows how the subhousings are connected in series when the arrangement is expanded by one EBKU monitoring unit; FIG. 7 (top) again shows a top view of the connector side, whileFIG. 7 (bottom) depicts the continuous series connection with the respectively associated socket and pin contacts. The additional subhousing of supplementary unit EBKU is denoted 36. Mechanical series connection or interposition of one supplementarymonitoring unit will in each case expand the creep and rotation monitoring system by two additional shaft circuits, as already explained above.
The invention allows electronic creep and rotation monitoring in protective arrangements for moving and operating the working machine with normal or enhanced safety, with the monitoring system having three different functional modes which can beimplemented by means of the corresponding operating mode of the target system, and in this respect can also be externally selected on the device by appropriate action on the monitoring circuit by operating personnel, i.e., whenever corresponding personsare in the target system's hazard region when the said system is in operation.
Stationary monitoring function (special mode without motion)
When a safety hood or safety screen is open on the machine being monitored, the safety circuit is switched to the stationary monitoring function by a corresponding energization signal from the monitoring circuit (default-open door contacts 24a,24b). If the slightest motion of the shafts being monitored occurs or if an activation or operating signal is absent, this causes an immediate shutoff of drive energy by the shutoff contactors until the fault is remedied.
Stationary monitoring function (special mode with motion)
When the permission button (default-open switch 25 in the monitoring circuit) is actuated, a corresponding energization signal switches the safety circuit to the stationary monitoring function with creep (limited rotation) permitted. Thisspecial function is possible only with the safety hood or safety screen open. In this case, motion of the shaft being monitored is thereby fixed at a limited value, and if this limit value is exceeded or if an activation or operating signal is absent,drive energy is once again immediately shut off until the fault is remedied.
Rotation monitoring function (normal mode)
When the safety hood or safety screen is closed, a suitable energization signal from monitoring circuit 23 switches safety circuit 16 to the rotation monitoring function. Any motion of the shaft being monitored is thereby set at a maximum valueand, if this maximum rotation is exceeded or if an activation or operating signal is absent, causes an immediate shutoff of drive energy, again until the fault is remedied. In this connection the parameters for limited creep corresponding to the creepmonitoring mode, and those for rotation corresponding to the rotation monitoring mode, can be appropriately modified on installation or even during maintenance.
One embodiment of the invention consists in the fact that even when the individual modes are defined by the operating status of the target system (safety hood open; safety hood open with permission contact pressed; safety hood closed), thenecessary signals are processed by the two monitoring measurement systems, each operating independently of one another. Whenever the signal at terminals S' (or E') of monitoring interface 22 is changed by the operating state of the target system, a testmode is activated, in which the two measurement systems are timed against one another and their operability is checked. In the event of a malfunction (incorrect energization or defective monitoring system), if this test mode is activated by only one ofthe monitoring measurement systems, the safety circuit will then respond to the malfunction by immediately shutting off drive energy.
Again referring to FIGS. 8 and 9, a description will now be given of the internal structure and operation of one of the monitoring measurement systems, of which two are provided for each shaft circuit. It shall be understood that thisexplanation indicates only a specific practical example and that the invention is by no means restricted thereto; in particular, it is also possible to implement this circuit or portions of this circuit in combination with computers or microprocessors,and then possibly as a part of a program.
For better comprehension a few of the more commonly occurring abbreviations and reference numbers will be given. Output driver stages TRA and TRB according to FIG. 8 act on output relays RelA and RelB, which then in turn, by means of theircontacts, switch the actual shutoff contactors KA and KB, connected in series in the power feed to power section 13 of target system 10, as is also evident from the illustration in FIG. 1. The following abbreviations and numbers are used:
IN: Encoder signal
13/14: Energization of drive contactor KA
23/24: Energization of drive contactor KB
S/S,: Safety hood/door circuit
E/E': Permission circuit
A1/A2: Operating voltage
Encoder input signals
Comparator Kompl adjusts the signal (FIG. 9) present at device input INA of the rotation sensor from the TTL level to the internal voltage level. with suitable component dimensioning a frequency range of up to 200 KHz can be achieved.
The output signal of the comparator is then delivered via inverter Inv1 (all the inverters used in the circuit have inputs with Schmitt trigger characteristics) to divider IC1. The division ratio can be adapted to various frequency ranges of therotation sensor by inserting an appropriate jumper (3n, 4n, 5n).
Inverters Inv2 and Inv3, capacitor C2, and resistor R7 form the frequency-divided signal provided by the divider so that a positive pulse of about 10 microseconds is always created at the trailing edge at the outputs of NAND gates NG1 and NG2. The output signal of NAND gate NG2 is used as the trigger signal "B" for a measurement oscillator Moz via diode D13, and the signal from NAND gate NG1 as the trigger signal "A" for flip-flop FF from NAND gate NG3 and NAND gate NG4. Similarly, referencetrigger signal "C" of measurement oscillator Moz is made available via resistor R14 to a flip-flop FF.
If, as described below, reference trigger signal "C" is no longer being made available via resistor R14, flip-flop FF is then only being energized by trigger signal "A". The output signal of NAND gate NG4 and triggering by means of diode D8results in a change of output at NAND gate NG5. This [signal] is stored by means of inverter Inv4 and diode D7 so that the status always remains the same. This storage can only be erased by another reference trigger pulse "C". The change in output atNAND gate NG5 activates, via resistor R10 and NAND gate NG6, the hysteresis of the measurement oscillators of both monitoring systems (as mentioned, the circuit of FIG. 4 is present in duplicate), and thus produces the following effects:
The frequencies of both measurement oscillators are decreased by about 10%. This allows monitoring system "B" (again as described earlier) to change its output state.
The output signal is then delivered through resistor RIO to inverter Inv5 and diode D9 to a driver generator TG. Driver generator TG, which consists of inverters Inv6, Inv7 and Inv8 as well as capacitor C5 and resistors R11 and R12, is therebystopped. The energy supply of output relays RelA and RelB is interrupted by means of a dynamic energization system (see FIG. 3) consisting of resistors R50 and R51, transistor T3, transformer Uel, Zener diodes ZD5 and ZD6 and diodes D40, D41 and D42,and terminating capacitor C20. To prevent the output relay from falling back into its neutral position during this process, the relay coil voltage is stored for about 25 ms by capacitor C20, as already mentioned. However, the unenergized state isreported via an optical coupler OK3 to gate NG12, and, if the monitoring system is in the same state in measurement system area B, can acknowledge the test ramp by means of the output of NAND gate NG12 via NAND gate NG8. The acknowledgment processgenerates, by means of inverters Inv9 and Inv10, resistors R15 and R16, diode D10 and capacitors C6 and C7, a pulse that erases the information stored by NAND gate NG5 and inverter Inv4. As a result, energy is once again delivered via the drivergenerator to the dynamic energization system of output relay Rel. In addition, the actual measurement frequency (reference trigger signal "C") of integrated circuit IC3--output 4n--can then become effective at the flip-flop via diode D19, NAND gate NG9and resistor R14. If reference trigger signal "C" via resistor R14 again disappears, the driver generator will in turn be stopped as before. Energy delivery for output relay Rel will again be interrupted. This state is maintained as long as supplyvoltage is applied to the monitoring system.
Structure and operation of the measurement oscillator
Measurement oscillator Moz (already referred to) is made up of inverters Inv11, Inv12 and Inv13 together with an electronic switch IC2/z (terminals Z3/Z thereof) and capacitor C8, resistor R18 and potentiometer P1. The components capacitor C9,resistors R19 and R20 and transistor T1 exert a slight influence on the frequency of the measurement oscillator (hysteresis). In addition, the measurement frequency of the oscillator can be changed by means of regulator P2 and resistor R17 viapermission button 25 at device input E1 and optical coupler OK2 (see FIG. 8) and inverter Inv17 of electronic switch IC2/y (terminals A/B thereof--see FIG. 4; also acts on IC2/z). Furthermore, the measurement oscillator can be stopped by means of themonitoring signal at device input S1, via optical coupler OK2, inverters Inv18 and Inv16, and diode D14. As a result of these features, the oscillator has three different measurement frequencies:
a) Measurement frequency for rotation monitoring (normal mode)
b) Measurement frequency for creep monitoring (special mode with motion)
c) Measurement frequency for creep monitoring (special mode without motion)
The output signal of the measurement oscillator at inverter Inv13 is delivered to terminal C of divider IC3. Divider IC3 in turn generates a variety of measurement frequencies that are defined by inserting appropriate diodes D15, D16 and D23. Depending on the effect of the permission button at device input E1, electronic switch IC2/y selects, by means of output terminal Y, a suitable test ramp frequency from the two measurement frequencies made available by IC3 at terminals YO/Y3. The actualmeasurement frequency of circuit IC3 (terminal 4n), along with the test ramp frequency, is delivered to NAND gate NG9 and is thus available at the output of NAND gate NG9 and via resistor R14 to flipflop FF as a reference trigger signal "C" fortriggering. The corresponding frequency is defined by the output of NAND gate NG9 via NAND gates NG7 and NG8, and diodes D17 and D18. This is done automatically by circuit IC3, diode D23 and inverter 22 from the monitoring system of circuit area B; byinverter 14 and diode D22 from the monitoring system of circuit area A; or manually by means of inverter 15 and diode D21.
Measurement oscillator moz and the divider are always restarted by trigger pulse "B" via diode D13 and terminal R of circuit IC3. If the duration of the trigger pulse is less than the measurement frequency applied to circuit IC3, terminal C, itfollows that no reference trigger signal "C" for flip-flop FF can be provided at the output of NAND gate NG9.
Input signals of the monitoring circuit
When a signal is present at device input S1, optical coupler OK1 (FIG. 4, bottom left) generates, via inverters Inv19 and Inv21, diode D29, capacitor C16 and resistor R40, two pulses 100 ms apart. In addition, the device input information issent via inverter Inv20 to the measurement oscillator and divider. The latter are stopped by this process, to prevent a reference trigger signal "C" from being generated at the gate output of NAND gate NG9. The generated pulses are sent, as triggersignal "A", to the flip-flop via capacitors C11 and C12, NAND gate NG11, capacitor C12 and NAND gate NG1. Since no reference trigger signal "C" is available through resistor R14, the flip-flop is now energized only by trigger signal "A". The outputstate of NAND gate NG4 and the triggering by diode D8 results in a change of output at NAND gate NG5. To ensure that this state is maintained, it is stored by inverter Inv4 and diode D7. In addition, this output state is delivered via resistor R10 toinverter Inv4 and diode D9, and thence to the driver generator, which is also stopped as a result. The dynamic energization interrupts the energy supply of output relay Rel. The unenergized state is reported via optical coupler OK3 to NAND gate NG12and can, if the monitoring system in area B has the same state, acknowledge the test ramp at NAND gate NG8 via the output of NAND gate NG12. The acknowledgment process generates a pulse, as already mentioned, that erases the information stored by NANDgate NG5 and inverter Inv4. As a result, energy is again delivered through driver generator TG to the dynamic activation section for output relay Rel. If a trigger signal "A" again occurs, the driver generator is turn stopped, as before. Energydelivery for output relay Rel is again interrupted. This state is maintained as long as supply voltage is applied to the monitoring system. Because of the output relay release delay, the pulses must be generated by device inputs S1 and S2 within 20 ms. To ensure that the process just described can occur even when changes occur in the signal at device input E1, pulse generation is restarted by inverter Inv22, capacitor C15, resistor R33 and transistor T2.
When a signal is present at device input E1, a pulse is generated at inverter Inv15 by means of inverter Inv18, diode D18, inverter Inv16, NAND gate NG10 and capacitor C13. This pulse sets the test ramp via NAND gate NG7 and diode D17 at NANDgate NG9.
The test ramp is automatically set only in rotation monitoring mode. If a signal is available, from circuit IC3 via diode D23, from the section B monitoring system, the test ramp is then set by inverter Inv14 and diode D22. This signal canresult only if the pause times of trigger signal "C" are >150 ms. Operating voltage is supplied to the stationary and rotation monitoring circuit via terminals A1 and A2. After bridge rectifier BN1, voltage is made available to the dynamicenergization sections of output relays RelA and RelB. Similarly, stabilized voltage for the electronics of monitoring sections A and B is delivered through fixed voltage regulator ICN1 (FIG. 3). Lastly it should be mentioned that the operation of themonitoring measurement system associated with this shaft circuit differs from that of the one described only in that frequency dividing at the input can be omitted if the second rotation signal occurs as signal L.
All of the features presented in the specification, the claims and the drawings, both individually in themselves and in any combination with one another, can be essential to the invention. In particular, the main claim is a provisional attemptat wording without a knowledge of the prior art, which will not be determined until an official search is made. The applicant also reserves the right to make reductions in features in the main claim.
* * * * *
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text:
Upcoming Showsno upcoming shows listed
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S.T.A.R.T.E. Program by Beacon Community Services
Contact DetailsDuane Burke
Free 5wk Employment Training Program for Creative Minded Individuals (Runs approx. every 8wks)
Beacon Community Services S.T.A.R.T.E. Project
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Monday to Friday (9 am to 4 pm) (Spaces still available)
~ 2 action-packed weeks of all aspects film-making!
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
With NCAA men's basketball down to its Final Four, "we're not done yet" is a phrase that few would have expected one of Virginia Commonwealth University's players to utter.
With NCAA men's basketball down to its Final Four, "we're not done yet" is a phrase that few would have expected one of Virginia Commonwealth University's players to utter.
Rob Brandenberg, a 2010 Gahanna Lincoln High School graduate and backup guard for the Rams, knows his team has come a long way, given that it had to win a game in the new four-game first round of the NCAA tournament.
Now that VCU is making one of the most memorable runs in tournament history, Brandenberg is not ready for the ride to end.
"It's been great," he said. "It's been long, but it's been very fun. To go to the Final Four and to have a chance to play for the national championship, it's crazy."
VCU became the third No. 11 seed in tournament history to advance to a Final Four when it beat top-seeded Kansas 71-61 in the Southwest Regional final on March 27 in San Antonio.
The Rams play Butler at 6:09 p.m. Saturday, April 2, in a national semifinal in Houston's Reliant Stadium. Butler lost to Duke 61-59 in last year's NCAA final and made it to a second consecutive Final Four despite being a No. 8 seed.
The winner advances to the championship game Monday, April 4, against Kentucky or Connecticut.
The Rams might not be in their current situation if not for the play of Brandenberg, a 6-foot-2 freshman who was the first commitment in the class of 2010 for coach Shaka Smart.
During VCU's 72-71 victory over Florida State in a regional semifinal March 25, the Rams' Bradford Burgess made a layup off an inbounds pass with 7.1 seconds left in overtime to give his team the lead. Seminoles forward Chris Singleton then took a shot on the ensuing possession that was blocked by Brandenberg at the buzzer.
"(Derwin Kitchen) drove to the baseline and kicked it out," Brandenberg said. "Then (Singleton) took a shot and I got a piece of it."
Brandenberg has been a part of magical tournament runs before.
Last season, he averaged 13 points and was the OCC-Ohio Division Player of the Year as Gahanna won its first conference championship. Then during the postseason, the Lions stunned the nation's No. 1-ranked team, Northland, 71-45 in a regional final to advance to the state tournament for the first time. Gahanna lost in a state semifinal and finished 26-1.
This season, Brandenberg has played in 38 of VCU's 39 games. He is averaging 5.1 points and 1.7 rebounds while playing in nearly 14 minutes per game.
After the Rams lost to Old Dominion 70-65 in the Colonial Athletic Association championship game March 7, opinions were split as to whether VCU would be selected to the NCAA tournament with a 23-11 record.
The Rams were chosen to play in one of the First Four games against USC and responded with a 59-46 victory March 16 in Dayton. They followed with wins over sixth-seeded Georgetown 74-56 on March 18 and third-seeded Purdue 94-76 on March 20.
Against Florida State, Brandenberg played 20 minutes and had four points, three rebounds and two steals. He played four minutes against Kansas.
VCU, according to Brandenberg, began turning the corner in the second half of the loss to Old Dominion. The Rams trailed 39-26 by halftime before making it close.
VCU lost five of its final eight games of the regular season.
"We've been clicking since the conference tournament in the second half of the ODU game," Brandenberg said. "We just said that whatever tournament we get into, whether it was the NIT or NCAA, that we were ready. For us to get to the Final Four, not a lot of people thought we'd make it, but we made the most of it."


text:
The Oval Dot T-Shirt LS from Santa Cruz combines California surf style with old school skateboarding, making it the perfect match for the skatepark!
Santa Cruz was never created with the idea of making it big. All that mattered was surfing. A group of Santa Cruz surfers started making boards that allowed them to "surf the pavement" when waves were flat. Little did they know that they were building an empire that shines just as bright today as it did 40 years ago at it's inception. Santa Cruz are determined to help you shred hard and safe be it on the pavement, in the skate park or catching some gnarly waves.


text: Six Tips for Managing a Remote Workforce Aug 29, 2014 Fresh Business Thinking.com | Andy Nolan, Regional Director UK, LifeSize Flexible working is a popular employee benefit and one that is being adopted in almost every industry as a way to attract and retain key talent. More recently, we've seen flexible working come back on the news agenda with the recent trains and flooding which forced commuters to work away from the office. As a result, managers may find themselves facing new challenges, making them respond to an all-new set of needs and concerns from their workers.


text:
I saw the birth of the universe and I watched as time ran out, moment by moment, until nothing remained. No time. No space. Just me. I walked in universes where the laws of physics were devised by the mind of a mad man. I've watched universes freeze and creations burn. I've seen things you wouldn't believe. I have lost things you will never understand. And I know things. Secrets that must never be told. Knowledge that must never be spoken.
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May 31, 2017
Athens' Suburban Gem: Eating and Drinking in Maroussi
Athens -- As you approach Maroussi by train, it is difficult to imagine that 100 years ago it was full of mansions with lush gardens – some still standing today – olive orchards and vineyards. Situated 13 km north of Athens, Maroussi (AKA Amarousion) was the home of Spyros Louis, the first athlete to win…
June 13, 2017
Out of Sight: Downtown Athens' Best "Hidden" Bars
Athens -- Greeks love going out till late, even on weekdays, so it's no surprise that Athens is legendary for its nightlife. There are bars to suit every taste: bars with a great view, bars by the sea, mainstream bars, bars with great cocktails or music, etc. But for us, the really special bars are…
June 7, 2017
Queens International Night Market: Doing It After Dark
By Dave Cook
Queens -- Something special happens when the sun goes down. Night markets, whether in Southeast Asia or in the heart of Queens, inspire a thrill — we call it a sense of wonder — that brings boundless childhood summers to mind. We still feel it, on warm-weather Saturdays, when we ride the elevated 7 train…


text:
Game of the day:
Top games:
1001 Jigsaw World Tour: Europe
1001 Jigsaw World Tour: Europe file size is 155 MB. The game is free to download and try. Play this game for free to decide if you like it. If you like it, you can safely and securely buy the full version of 1001 Jigsaw World Tour: Europe game online for $6.99.
1001 Jigsaw World Tour: Europe game is published by Bigfish.
Last updated
1001 Jigsaw World Tour: Europe is an exciting puzzle game and a fantastic tour guide. Put together jigsaw puzzles from a multitude of pieces and study the sights and traditions of Europe in 500 high-quality photos. Now you can solve your favorite jigsaw puzzles and travel the world without leaving the comforts of home!
Experience the beautiful castles of Germany, the medieval spirit of the old Czech lands, the winter resorts of Switzerland, the romance of France, the southern temperament of Italy, the Olympic atmosphere of Greece and the royal spirit of Britain. Take advantage of this unique opportunity to visit over 20 countries in Europe – play 1001 Jigsaw World Tour: Europe!
- Useful hints, sort tool and magnifying glass
- Optional game difficulty control
- Custom styles of pieces with rotation


text:
WASHINGTON — The White House has grown frustrated in recent weeks by what it considers the Pentagon's reluctance to provide President Trump with options for a military strike against North Korea, according to officials, the latest sign of a deepening split in the administration over how to confront the nuclear-armed regime of Kim Jong-un.
The national security adviser, Lt. Gen. H. R. McMaster, believes that for Mr. Trump's warnings to North Korea to be credible, the United States must have well-developed military plans, according to those officials.
But the Pentagon, they say, is worried that the White House is moving too hastily toward military action on the Korean Peninsula that could escalate catastrophically. Giving the president too many options, the officials said, could increase the odds that he will act.
The tensions bubbled to the surface this week with the disclosure that the White House had abandoned plans to nominate a prominent Korea expert, Victor D. Cha, as ambassador to South Korea. Mr. Cha suggested that he was sidelined because he warned administration officials against a "preventive" military strike, which, he later wrote, could spiral "into a war that would likely kill tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of Americans."
But the divisions go back months, officials said. When North Korea tested an intercontinental ballistic missile in July that experts concluded was capable of reaching the West Coast of the United States, the National Security Council convened a conference call that included Secretary of Defense Jim Mattis and Secretary of State Rex W. Tillerson.
After General McMaster left the room, Mr. Mattis and Mr. Tillerson continued to speak, not realizing that other participants were still on the line. The officials familiar with the matter overheard them complaining about a series of meetings that the National Security Council had set up to consider options for North Korea — signs, Mr. Tillerson said, that it was becoming overly aggressive.
For now, the frustration at the White House appears to be limited to senior officials rather than Mr. Trump himself. But the president has shown impatience with his military leaders on other issues, notably the debate over whether to deploy additional American troops to Afghanistan.
As they examine the most effective way of giving credibility to Mr. Trump's threat of "fire and fury," officials are considering the feasibility of a preventive strike that could include disabling a missile on the launchpad or destroying North Korea's entire nuclear infrastructure. American officials are also said to be considering covert means of disabling the nuclear and missile programs.
While General McMaster also favors a diplomatic solution to the impasse, officials said, he emphasizes to colleagues that past efforts to negotiate with North Korea have forced the United States to make unacceptable concessions.
The Pentagon has a different view. Mr. Mattis and the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Gen. Joseph F. Dunford Jr., argue forcefully for using diplomacy. They have repeatedly warned, in meetings and on video conference calls, that there are few, if any, military options that would not provoke retaliation from North Korea, according to officials at the Defense Department.
Representatives of Mr. Mattis and General Dunford denied that they have slow-walked options to the White House.
The Pentagon press secretary, Dana W. White, said that Mr. Mattis "regularly provides the president with a…


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text:
Flying V, Cignal score contrasting Game 1 wins in D-League semis
ABS-CBN Sports on Aug 10, 2017 08:05 PM
Flying V squandered a nine-point edge but got the job done on the defensive end to eke out the tight 65-61 Game 1 win over Centro Escolar University on Thursday to gain a headstart in their 2017 PBA D-League Foundation Cup semifinals in Pasig's Ynares Arena.
With the Thunder precariously holding on to a 63-61 advantage with 21.0 ticks left, Gab Banal got on Rod Ebondo's way and drew a charging foul to halt the Scorpions' rampage, giving his crew a huge sigh of relief as Jerick Cañada sealed the game with two freebies in the last 3.6 seconds.
"I think pagdating sa mga ganoong situations, you really have to assert yourself defensively. And I think this game really boiled down to the stops. We were able to make the crucial stops, lalo na yung kay Gab on Ebondo," head coach Eric Altamirano said.
Flying V got one of its feet onto the championship series, with another victory on Tuesday propelling it to the Finals in only its maiden conference in the league.
Jeron Teng missed out on another triple-double, racking 17 points, 13 rebounds, and seven assists in the win.
Banal shot 3-of-6 from beyond the arc to wind up with 12 markers, five boards, and two steals while Eric Salamat also had 12 points, three rebounds, and three dimes in the conquest.
Thomas Torres almost gave the win away to the Scorpions after he was whistled with a flagrant foul penalty one, but Orlan Wamar botched both of his freebies which could have tied the game in the final 21.0 seconds.
Rod Ebondo led the way for CEU with 20 points and 27 rebounds, two boards away from tying the PBA D-League record of 29 set by Jay-R Taganas in the 2015 Foundation Cup.
Art Aquino also chipped in 17 markers and four rebounds in the loss.
In the second game, Cignal HD ran away with the game early and halted Marinerong Pilipino's expedition with an 86-67 thumping to take a 1-0 lead in the other best-of-three semifinals series.
Raymar Jose made his potential final game count for the Hawkeyes as he dropped 17 points and eight rebounds off the bench.
"Thank you ako kay Raymar. I had to play him for the whole of the third quarter and he did his job for us," head coach Boyet Fernandez said, as he braces for the departure of his bruising forward who will suit up for the Gilas Pilipinas crew in the 2017 Southeast Asian Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Jason Perkins also made his mark in the game, doing it all with his 13 markers, 18 boards, three assists, one steal, and one block.
Byron Villarias shot 13 points, four rebounds, and three dimes while Oping Sumalinog fired 12 markers and four boards to help Cignal set the tone and take a 34-14 lead after the first 12 minutes.
"I'm really happy that the starters stepped up on defense. We're pressured enough to play at our best today given the fact that we haven't played for a long while. But credit to my boys again. They really played their hearts out today," Fernandez said.
Coming off a three-week layoff, the Hawkeyes took the ball and ran with it as they silenced the raging Skippers and even took a 24-point lead, 62-38, late in the third period.
Marinerong Pilipino tried to roar back and slice the lead down to 12, 75-63, with 3:24 to play, but the trio of Jose, Sumalinog, and Villarias snuffed that rally to sink the Skippers late, pushing the Hawkeyes closer to a return trip to the Finals.
Pao Javelona topped the Skippers with 11 points in the defeat, which spelled the end of their seven-game winning streak.
FLYING V 65 - Teng 17, Banal 12, Salamat 12, Torres 6, Austria 5, Dionisio 4, Thiele 3, Cañada 2, Paredes 2, Tampus 2, Koga 0.
CEU 61 - Ebondo 20, Aquino 17, Wamar 9, Cruz 8, Jeruta 6, Casiño 1, Fuentes 0, Guinitaran 0, Intic 0.
CIGNAL HD 86 - Jose 17, Perkins 13, Villarias 13, Sumalinog 12, Arboleda 6, Bringas 6, Cahilig 6, Raymundo 5, Batino 4, Sara 4, Apinan 0, Uyloan 0.
MARINERONG PILIPINO 67 - Javelona 11, Sargent 8, Subido 8, Moralde 7, Herndon 6, Lopez 6, Iñigo 5, Marata 5, Alabanza 3, Isip 3, Javillonar 3, Gabriel 2.


text:
Fiammetta is a theatre designer (www.fiammettahorvat.com), an illustrator and a book maker.
She is currently completing her MA in Sequential Illustration in Brighton University.
-news 2015:
Her art-book Rowed over the Styx which was shortlisted for the Displaced prize at the Wiener library appeared in the V&A monthly magazine.
Her film Spell has entered the Birth Rites Collection.
Her films Spell and Mystery Dough were shown at the Horse hospital part of The Light and Shadow Salon.
To see her work as a theatre designer you can go on the website Fiammetta Horvat:
contact: firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
The Labour Ministry has asked the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to form a panel headed by a former Deputy Governor of the central bank to look into a proposal of creating a Workers' Bank using Employees' Provident Fund (EPF).
What is EPF & EPFO?
1. The EPF (Employees' Provident Fund) is the most popular investment for salaried individuals, and is maintained solely by the Employees' Provident Fund Organization of India (EPFO). As a rule, any company having more than 20 employees has to register with the EPFO.
2. The EPF is a retirement benefit applicable only for salaried employees. It is a fund to which an employee and employer contribute 12 per cent every month (Pre-set by the government of India) of the employee's basic salary. Every year, the employer deposits with the EPFO the contribution from the employer and the employee. Knowingly or unknowingly, 24 per cent of your basic salary is saved every month
3. For those who have a basic salary of up to Rs 6500, contributing to the EPF is mandatory. Contributions are voluntary for those whose basic salary exceeds Rs 6,500.
4. The Central government revises EPF interest rates every year depending upon the revenues made by EPFO on its previous years' deposits. For FY13, the EPF interest rate is 8.50 per cent.
5. You can withdraw from your EPF account on the account your children's education, marriage of self, children and siblings, purchase/construction of a house, or any medical emergencies. However, withdrawal is subject to certain conditions, non-compliance of which would result in penal interest:
6. EPFO corpus is mandated by law to be invested only in Government bonds and 7 Private companies which are considered a safe investment however returns are also low in that.
Why we require Workers Bank?
1. If Workers bank is established a bank, EPFO will not have to pay services and commissions to banks and portfolio managers. Besides, the current hesitation of investing in stock market can also be taken care of as they can explore it through the Workers' bank.
2. EPFO already has 120-odd offices and the organization is adopting technology in a big way, so infrastructure would not be an issue. The rate of return on EPFO can go up if the organization can invest and manage its own corpus. It won't cost more than Rs.1,000 crore to the retirement fund manager to start the bank
What will Workers bank do?
1. Workers bank would improve the earnings of Employees' Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) by investing its corpus in various instruments.
2. The idea was modeled on similar experiences in countries like Canada, Netherland, Switzerland and South Africa where a collective pension fund system invests worker's savings in equities of domestic and global markets.
3. the commissions and service charges that are now paid to banks by EPFO can be used as working capital once the proposed bank is up and running.
4. Such a bank will receive contributions from subscribers and charges from employers. It can also manage its growing corpus instead of going to third-party portfolio managers.
5. Instead of withdrawals, the bank will provide repayable loans to EPF subscribers. It will also provide personal loans to members based on their EPF balance.
However Many experts believe that the idea of setting up of a Workers Bank with the intention of generating higher returns for the EPF contributors and meeting few other requirements of the workers, though laudable, has several shortcomings".
(1) Bank licensing in India has a universal character; in other words, no licences are likely to be issued for the purpose of receiving investments, which will be the core activity of the Workers' Bank.
(2) Fund management can only be one of the objectives of a bank. Hence, redirecting the fund's attention to the onerous responsibility of owning and managing a commercial bank, fund management may become a secondary concern for the management. This could put the security of the hard earned savings by EPF contributors at significant risk.
(3) Banking business is subject to various risks... in the instant case, Since the intended promoters don't have core competency in the area of banking and managing a commercial bank, The fund will have to grapple with issues like non-performing assets and debt write-off etc., which would all have a direct bearing on the returns generated and dividend available for distribution among stake holders.
(4) EPFO is going through a transition phase to move toward providing core banking type services to its subscribers. It has recently introduced portable PF account numbers to its subscribers. It needs to consolidate its core competence rather than starting new venture."
EPFO was set up to put the provident fund and pensions in order and that should be its primary focus. The administration still has issues; there are still migration of account problems and they have not done this efficiently for last 60 years. If they have extra energy, they must focus to keep their house in order before thinking of extra-curricular activities.


text:
This take on Minted was made by
undefined from , a member of Minted's
community of independent artists.
Designers were asked to submit a chic and modern design.
If you see a design that is not available for sale, please email us and we will help you purchase the design.
To link to this design on other websites, copy & paste this HTML.
A whimsical gender reveal invitation capturing an open envelope revealing a hand lettered invitation.
baby shower invitations, letter, envelope, gender reveal, boy or girl hand lettering, illustration, whimsical, Jennifer Wick
light blue, light pink, coral, tangerine, blush, sea grass, green, taupe, grey, white, creme, charcoal
A7 Non-Photo Card
Oct 13 2013
The poll was 50/50 for this colorway or the one below, so top or bottom? Thanks!!
Oh my goodness. Amazing!
Top. I think this might be my favorite design of all time.
Love the one you've submitted! Awesome design.
This is so awesome, Jen! The clever concept, the layout, the color and of course your outrageously beautiful lettering are just superb!
so awesome - congrats!!!
Wow! Amazing, you genius, you! So unique and beautiful type like always!
Ooh wonderful Jen! I agree with Ashley about the envelope being a bit too much in the scene. I almost think that the beautiful card can stand alone because of it's uniqueness and beautiful hand lettering. But maybe I think too much ;)
Wow, Jen! Love it.
LOVE this!!! I think I'm going to have to go with b. I couldn't decide.....I don't think you can go wrong with any of them
I love them all! If I really had to pick I would go with C. But like Katie I had a tough time deciding!
C for me. Really fun design, Jen!
Love the one you have A. This is so wonderful!!!
A for me. love this concept.
A! so amazing...first place!
I couldn't decide either but voted for C. Fabulous lettering! I love this!
Thanks for your feedback, Ashley and Kim! Now which one? :) Thanks!!
Which colorway do you kind Minties prefer? And any comments are appreciated too. Thanks!
Going B because the orange reveal pops more
B for sure! Love it!
I voted B because I agree that "reveal" pops more, but was leaning toward A otherwise. Awesome design, Jen!!
Wow, what a great idea and so well executed! I'd almost like to see more invite and less envelope though, maybe "zoom" in a touch to eliminate some of that excess envelope space at the bottom right? But don't lose the flap part! :)
We uncover design genius through ongoing design competitions. At Minted, all that matters is good design. Designers submit, and the Minted community votes to tell us what to sell.


text: Join in the madness for great deals on our website! We're putting some of our favorite products head to head and letting you choose the winner! As the bracket gets smaller, the deals get sweeter! Semi Finalists will be 25% off! Finalists will be 30% off! The Champion will be 40% off!


text:
Low Maintenance, Location & Size Make An Offer!
A fantastic entertainer inside and out, and positioned on a spacious 461 sqm (approx.) block, this pristine four bedroom family residence comes from Metricon Homes and is located in Esperance Estate Point Cook, Sanctuary Lakes Shopping Centre, Sanctuary Lakes Hotel, St Mary's of the Cross Primary School, proposed Sanctuary Lakes South P-9 School, and transport.
Accommodation: With a stylish modern edge and ideal for owner-occupiers and investors, this single level retreat offers spacious central lounge and dining with timber floors, family room for formal entertaining, well-appointed kitchen with an island bench and stainless steel appliances, front master bedroom with WIR and ensuite, three further bedrooms with BIRs, neat central bathroom with a private toilet, covered alfresco zone, and an easy care garden.
Features: Double remote garage, laundry with outdoor access, ducted heating, evaporative cooling.