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Easy Stromboli:
*This makes 4 almost foot long stromboli
2 loaves of pre-made frozen white bread dough (I used Rhodes brand)
Filling of choice
- Defrost the bread dough overnight in the refrigerator
- In the morning or day of:
- Preheat the oven to 400F
- Dust the work surface with flour
- Roll out the dough into a rectangle, divide the dough in half crosswise
- Roll each piece of dough into a larger rectangle, approx 1/4 inch thick and 11x14 inches wide, with the wide side facing you
- Cover the dough with the sauce or mayonaise and mustard, sprinkle the cheese and add the filling
- Roll from the wide side, from bottom to the top and seal the edges and the sides by pinching them with your fingers
- Lay them seam side down on a rimmed baking sheet lined with parchment paper or a Silpat liner
- Let them sit for about 20 minutes (this is not absolutely necessary, they will not rise anymore, just get kind of puffy.) and then cut slits on top to let air escape..The seam cutting part is very necessary!
- Bake until the crust is golden brown (about 20-30 minutes), rotating occasionally for even cooking.
- Let it cool on a baking rack for at least 5 minutes before slicing.
Pepperoni filling:
Shredded mozzarella cheese
Marinara or pizza sauce
Mini pepperoni
Deli filling:
Swiss chees
2 slices of deli ham
2 slices of deli turkey
Dijon mustard
Mediterranean (not pictured, but I am eating it as I am writing):
Marinara sauce
Feta cheese
Kalamata Olives
The dough
Rolling up with pepperoni filling
Deli filling
Ready to bake
Deli stromboli


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Where to stay!
Accommodation is NOT included in the registration fee. Participants are kindly requested to book their own hotel rooms.
The city of Palermo has a wonderful selection of comfortable accommodation, however we do not recommend staying in Palermo since the commuting time may be as long as 30 to 60 minutes early in the morning due to traffic congestion, and the prices may be considerably higher.
Moreover, the Mondello Palace Hotel is right in the seashore, has a nice swimming pool and offers both excellent facilities for the scientific sessions and a pleasant atmosphere for participants and accompanying persons alike.
In September Mondello is full of tourists, therefore it is important to book well in advance the accommodation. A limited number of rooms have been reserved in the Mondello Palace Hotel for the Summer School participants:
Mondello Palace Hotel
Info & Booking:
Mail to: firstname.lastname@example.com
Phone: (+39) 091450001
Website: www.mondellopalacehotel.it
Discounted rates for summer school participants at the Mondello Palace hotel. For reservations please send an email to email@example.com and using as object "XXII summer school 2017". In the email personal data and the reservation request will have to be reported.
Below you can find a list of useful sites to find other accommodation in Mondello:

subset: commoncrawl


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African Reptiles & Venom
Saving lives since 1999 through Venom Supply
Snake Courses since 2000
African Reptiles & Venom
Saving lives since 1999 through
Venom Supply
Snake Courses since 2000
Welcome to African Reptiles & Venom
Looking to join a snake handling class?
Book your spot now!
We are first to deliver Snake Courses
Healthcare Professionals earn CPD points
Our courses are FGASA accredited
African Reptiles & Venom holds various courses:
Snake Awareness
Snake Identification, First Aid for Snakebite and Snakebite Treatment
Venomous Snake Handling
Inform people about snakes, their habits and behavior
We educate people to know how to act when encountering snakes, how to act when bitten and to assist in assessing whether it is a life threatening situation or not
African Reptiles and Venom has successfully educated more than 25 000 people in Africa.
We aim to educate, protect and save lives
Our Popular Courses
The Snake Awareness, Snake Identification, First Aid for Snakebite and Snakebite Treatment course
R1300.00 incl. VAT
Theses courses cover the following:
1. Identification of the dangerous and medical important snakes
2. Symptoms and syndromes of snakebite
3. First Aid
4. Medical Treatment of snakebite
5. Allergies and treatment
Doctors and Medical professionals will earn 5 CPD points on completion of this course.
Participants receive accredited certification.
Cost for this course is R1300.00 VAT inclusive per person. Less
Venomous Snake Handling
R800.00 incl. VAT
Our Snake Handling course is recognised by FGASA (Field Guides Association of South Africa) as a specialist courses. This course and well as our Snake Identification and Snakebite Treatment Course is required for anybody that wants to keep indigenous South African snakes, or who have just started keeping snakes.
This is applicable to residents all over RSA as well as the rest of Africa. The Snake Handling course covers the following: Learn to handle snakes correctly and safely and get hands-on experience under Mike's supervision.
Testing is practical handling of Puff Adder, Mozambique Spitting Cobra, Rinkhals & Snouted Cobra under Mike's supervision, and verbal questions and answers as we do handling.
Cost for this course is R800.00 VAT inclusive per person. Less
We don't bite...
Up Coming Courses
Upcoming Courses:
26 January 2019; 23 February 2019
Snake Identification, snakebite treatment, venomous snake handling and Black Mamba handling.
Become a legend in the making and join Mike Perry for an informative, professional snake course where you will acquire skills as well as confidence. Real life situations are created to prepare you for your everyday snake captures..
Snake identification, First Aid & Medical Treatment of Snakebite & Venomous Snake Handling
FGASA accredited courses offered by Mike Perry who has been presenting Venomous Snake and Black Mamba handling courses for more than 17 years all over Africa. Mike is also the preferred snakebite specialist who's always readily available to share his expertise with other experts and professionals.


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How to Check Under Your Hood
For guys, there's more to spring than cleaning, it's the season of "The Checklist." Rake the lawn? Check. Switch out those winter tires? Check. Cheer for your favourite Canadian team in the NHL playoffs? Che…whaaaat?!? No checkmark there this year, but we'll be there next season!
This year, there's an especially important and beneficial item to add to your checklist: The Men's Maintenance Guide. The purpose of the Men's Maintenance Guide is to take the hassle and confusion out of key medical questions we need to ask our doctors. Think of it as an all-in-one checklist of essential screening tests and vaccinations. After all, there's a lot at stake here: this guide serves as a reminder that we all need to take responsibility for ensuring our health.
Just like a guy's health evolves as we age, the Men's Maintenance Guide evolves, too. Here's what we mean:
- Guys aged 20 to 39 have a dozen things to check on a regular basis, from annual flu shots, to eye exams every 10 years and even a heads up on when you should "check the boys." It also includes regular awareness of any mental health issues. "Regular," by the way, means discussing any signs of depression with family, friends and a health-care professional.
- The list grows for those 40 to 54-year-olds among us. Chest health, for example, should be checked every 2 to 3 years. Prostate exams, which are never as bad as they might seem, should also be scheduled every 2 years. Physical exams become more regular, going from every 3 to 5 years to every three, period.
- As for men aged 55-plus, bone health comes on board along with abdominal ultrasounds, colorectal exams…the checklist goes on.
It can feel like a lot to keep track of, which is exactly why the Men's Maintenance Guide is such a useful tool. Print it out and tape it to the inside of your medicine cabinet, gym locker, or anywhere it can serve as a reminder. "Forgetting" to fertilize this spring might mean a few more weeds this summer, but forgetting a key medical exam? That could really cost you.


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OceanLED has introduced the innovative and bold design of the Amphibian Pro Xtreme series of underwater lights at IBEX Tampa 2014. OceanLED's Amphibian Pro Xtreme series lights provide energy savings with LED innovation, delivering control and hands-free, limitless color-change ability for all styles of boats.
Available in four, eight and 16 LED, these series lights are offered in colour-change, ultra-white, midnight blue and sea green LED's with up to 4,200 fixture lumens and a 60-degree beam.
The larger models, A8 and A16, are equipped with OceanLED's cutting-edge "colours" technology, which features unlimited colour-change; select any color variation, strobe selected color and flawless custom cycling between colors.
Jason Packlain, parts manager of MarineMax Miami commented, "The OceanLED Amphibian Xtreme Pro series lights are exactly what this industry needs. The simplicity of installation, and small ½-inch hole in the hull allow clients to save on installation while providing a powerful, extremely bright and durable underwater light in return. These turnkey opportunities provide boat builders and dealers excellent profit opportunities while offering clients quality underwater LED lights for their boats."
The lights combine a variety of quality marine grade materials, such as 316L stainless steel, chemically resistant polymer and OceanLED's Tritonium™ coating, allowing easy maintenance for annoying sea growth.
During IBEX Tampa 2014, OceanLED will illuminate the docks with live boat demonstrations featuring the new Amphibian Pro Xtreme Series underwater lights at dock slip #26A. OceanLED's 31' boat will be sporting A-16 and A-8 series lights while delivering widespread lighting with unlimited colour change options and fish-strobe effect.
For more information, visit OceanLED.


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Hey there! I thought I'd share how I use my Motex writer when I do my Project Life pages. It's GREAT for 'adding information' to photos:
I like doing little 'corners' to also add more information!
Sometimes if you've used a 6x4" card...then need to move it...you can simply cut it to fit in 2 pockets!
I've discovered, when using my Purple Pumpkin fabric covered buttons, I can 'squash' them a bit, then they fit more easily into the pockets...& they still look great! I've used some Washi tape above...the Motex writer below:
Below is my whole page. I do my PL per MONTH. Seriously, not enough happens for me to bother weekly! That's the beauty of PL...you 'use' it how it suits best:)
And here's my other page...I use PL for ME.....it's basically a journal with pictures. I like writing, as you can see [sorry!!!]....so it 'works' for me. I would LOVE to be a neat PLer, & type up my text, but that's just not me - I'm also a bit of a lazy scrapper!!! And I figure hand writing is part of me, too:)
Whatever, however you use PL, I hope this has shown a little of how I use those Purple Pumpkin Shop 'basics' that we all love! I'll be back in the future with some of the lovely new shop bits & bobs to hopefully get you inspired some more
~ thanks for looking ~ Lizzy ♥♥♥


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Expedition 14 Mission Lapel Pin
Expedition 14 Mission Lapel Pin
$4.95 4.95
Brand: vendor-unknown
Product Code: PinExp14
Availability:Out of stock
This lapel pin is emblazoned with the International Space Station's Expedition 14 crew emblem. The Roman numeral XIV suspended above the Earth against the black background of space symbolizes the 14th long-duration mission to the outpost. The five stars honor the astronauts and cosmonauts of missions Apollo 1, Soyuz 1, Soyuz 11, Challenger, and Columbia, who gave their lives in the pursuit of knowledge and discovery.A veteran crew will fly aboard the International Space Station this fall and winter into 2007. They will work to expand the complex now that three crew members are aboard once again. Making his fourth flight into space, NASA astronaut and Navy Capt. Michael Lopez-Alegria , 45, will command Expedition 14, the 14th long-duration mission to the station, and serve as the NASA science officer. Russian Cosmonaut Mikhail Tyurin, 46, will serve as Flight Engineer and Soyuz Commander for launch, landing and on-orbit operations. The two astronauts' mission to the station is planned for six months.Lopez-Alegria and Tyurin will be joined late this year by NASA astronaut and Navy Cmdr. Sunita (Suni) Williams, 41, who will make her first flight into space aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery on the STS-116 mission to join Expedition 14 in progress. She will replace European Space Agency astronaut Thomas Reiter as the third expedition crew member on the station for her six-month mission.Also, American businesswoman Anousheh Ansari will fly with the Expedition 14 crew to the International Space Station as a spaceflight participant. She will spend nine days on the station under a commercial agreement with the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) and will return to Earth with the Expedition 13 crew.


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- 1. Birds galore: Bring your binoculars, bird lovers! Belize has over 500 distinct varieties of birds. That's more than any other country in the world!
- 2. Pristine wilderness: Belize cares about the environment as much as we do! Due to strict government regulation, two-thirds of the Belizean natural forest is safe from exploitation. Phew!
- 3. The deeper meaning: Belize's national motto is "Under the Shade I flourish." Discover where this phrase featured on the Belize flag came from and the importance it holds for nationals today.
- 4. In-the-field expertise: From getting your kids excited about nature to orchestrating seamless group dynamics, our guides keep their eyes on the details, ensuring that the toughest part of your vacation truly is going home.
Travel + Leisure
World's Best Awards
Top Tour Operator and Safari Outfitter for Families


text: Even though Assad is evil, I would much prefer this evil than the one from Daesh or the FSA. While they are running around killing people and then blaming the West for all their problem, Assad is Opening a Women's fair in Aleppo. You tell me which would you prefer? Living under a secular dictatorship or with a bunch of bearded guys that would shop off your head for wearing a dress, or listening to music, or smoking a cigarette after iftar during Ramadan? If you picked the bearded guys then by all means move to Raqqa and I hope that you get a nice present from above with special delivery from the USAF, the Russian Aerospace Forces, or the Syrian Air Force.


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6 Outstanding Vintage Boy Crib Bedding Image Ideas
Cribs Ideas - 6 Outstanding Vintage Boy Crib Bedding Image Ideas
How are you presently all, I really hope you will be good, these days I am happy that I can discuss information once again for all my readers. With this time I have a subject about infant cribs design, many mother or father request to provide the information about how to have the infant cribs properly. Parent generally provide the great for their infant for their pregnancy. Almost everything ought to be prior to the day of children born then infant cribs become the significant a part of your child. If you want to develop your child cribs but you get insufficient concept, I will make an effort to give some suggestion and data that has relation to infant cribs design in 6 Outstanding Vintage Boy Crib Bedding Image Ideas.
Before your baby born in order to make your design best work, making baby cribs design should be prepared long day. To make infant cribs as great as feasible you need get ready some design even place for your infant. Firstly, you need prepare your design, you can adopt from the animated movie, as you may know infant like something amusing. Animated videos are extremely sizeable of choice you can take one of several animated videos. You then ought to make sure have adequate place as a way your child will comfort and ease as well as parents. Child gear is needed so you can placed some furniture but you need to make sure it is not not big enough. Because baby needs fresh air circulation if you install too much ornament something not good for the circulation.
You will find possibilities of your infant design, now your work is generating your child cribs can display your adore. It implies your design ought to be exhibiting your adore. you can take your style inside your design. Therefore, embellish infant cribs is not hard it can be done one by one. It is not necessary using room designer, but remembers you should browse much information. There is a lot of knowledge that make your design is properly like image, article and YouTube.
Finally, i have done explain about baby cribs ideas hopefully all my reader get benefits information then you create baby cribs as good as possible. Then you can definitely see your infant satisfied because of your center to him/her. Before I give you gallery about baby cribs ideas; you can open one of our photos, i think I can't let you.


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POT TV – Cannabis commentator 'Radical' Russ Belville is on the air – and now on Pot TV – with The Russ Belville Show. In this episode: Live interview with Karey Lee, a prisoner at the federal penitentiary at Yazoo City, Mississippi, serving ten years for a marijuana conspiracy.
ALSO: Learn how Karey recorded an album before his incarceration and how his childhood friend helped him land on the Billboard Charts.
Watch more episodes of The Russ Belville Show on Pot TV.


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From custom postcards to globetrotting cookbooks, these are the wallet-friendly picks for your Christmas List. Check out the goods on Travel+Leisure.
I spent my fair share of time tumbling down mountains to bring you this, a first-timer's guide to what NOT to do when learning to ski. Head over to Jetsetter for the full report.
Every year as a fall chill sets in, my skin starts to crawl with an influx of PR pitches for stories about leaf-peeping. But as an avowed fan of fall, I can't knock the allure of a autumnal getaway. So I explored more active ways of checking out the changing leaves. Check out my picks for hard-core leaf-peeping over at Jetsetter.
Wanderlust but broke? I offered some wallet-friendly alterna-destinations on Elle. Read up here.
One part Galapagos, one part Jungle Book, this archipelago marooned thousands of miles off the coast of Africa is about a far away as a getaway can get. Read up on its temptations in my story for the BBC.
From snow monkeys in Japan to tiger safaris in India, Indian Ocean idylls to Swedish Artic chillers, I covered the Trips of a Lifetime for Elle. Read my picks here.
My piece on the country's best up-and-coming foodie-music cities, including my beloved Nashville, just went up online. Check it out here!
The BBC just published my piece on the deliciously terrifying Amazon. You can read it and see pictures here.


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Everybody, Everywear : GreenWednesday, March 14, 2012
I love the idea of Everybody Everywear, I can spend hours looking through the entries. This time around green was voted as the theme.
I chose a simple outfit of cardigan, t-shirt, jeans and ballet flats. I can't tell you how pleased I am that it's finally warm enough to wear ballet flats and rolled up jeans again!
7 comments
brave you, I still get cold ankles a bit too easy...ReplyDelete
I love seeking inspiration from EBEW
I love going through the posts on EBEW. I've found lots of new blog friends there!ReplyDelete
With all of the crazy pattern mixing and trend on trend stuff we often do as fashion bloggers, sometimes it's just a breath of fresh air to see (or wear) a lovely simple outfit. This is BEAUTIFUL!ReplyDelete
i'm loving the green! Its one of my favourite colours.ReplyDelete
It is great to see a little sun isn't it?
X x
I love wearing green! It's one of my favourite colours to wear. I love the simple look, with the pop of colour from the cardigan.ReplyDelete
green and leopard is one of my favorite color combos!ReplyDelete
You look so lovely in green! I love how the cheerful shade brightens up a jeans outfit :)ReplyDelete
Florrie x


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1. club - noun
· a team of professional baseball players who play and travel together; "each club played six home games with teams in its own division"
Synonym(s): baseball_club, ball_club, nine
Hypernym(s): baseball_team
2. club - noun
· a formal association of people with similar interests; "he joined a golf club"; "they formed a small lunch society"; "men from the fraternal order will staff the soup kitchen today"
Synonym(s): social_club, society, guild, gild, lodge, order
Hypernym(s): association
3. club - noun
· stout stick that is larger at one end; "he carried a club in self defense"; "he felt as if he had been hit with a club"
Hypernym(s): stick
4. club - noun
· a building that is occupied by a social club; "the clubhouse needed a new roof"
Synonym(s): clubhouse
Hypernym(s): building, edifice
5. club - noun
· golf equipment used by a golfer to hit a golf ball
Synonym(s): golf_club, golf-club, golfclub
Hypernym(s): golf_equipment
6. club - noun
· a playing card in the minor suit that has one or more black trefoils on it; "he led a small club"; "clubs were trumps"
Hypernym(s): playing_card
7. club - noun
· a spot that is open late at night and that provides entertainment (as singers or dancers) as well as dancing and food and drink; "don't expect a good meal at a cabaret"; "the gossip columnist got his information by visiting nightclubs every night"; "he played the drums at a jazz club"
Synonym(s): cabaret, nightclub, night_club, nightspot
Hypernym(s): spot
8. club - verb
· unite with a common purpose; "The two men clubbed together"
9. club - verb
· gather and spend time together; "They always club together"
Hypernym(s): meet, gather, assemble, forgather, foregather
10. club - verb
· strike with a club or a bludgeon
Synonym(s): bludgeon
Hypernym(s): hit
11. club - verb
· gather into a club-like mass; "club hair"
Hypernym(s): gather, garner, collect, pull_together
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Unscramble.net is the free tool to unscramble letters and words for games like Text Twist, Words with Friends, Scrabble, Word Scraper, and of course the ever popular Jumble newspaper puzzle. It is also great for homework problems that frustrate many parents and students. Unscramble.net provides one and two word unscramble solutions from its extensive 280,000 word list that includes technical, medical and slang words. There is no limit to the number of letters entered for one word unscrambles and the site also provides for rhyming words and dictionary definitions for many of the unscrambled words. Two word unscramble results are provided in two formats for easy comprehension by the user. There is no limit to the number of word combinations provided whether for one or two word unscramble solution sets.
The site is mobile friendly and fully https/tls security compliant. Fast and easy, unscramble.net provides the most accurate and complete word, letter and anagram solutions available. Trust the oldest and most reliable unscramble tool on the net. Word lists are constantly being updated from reliable sources. Android and iOS apps are coming soon.


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Home > Eyeglasses > Arnette > KIIP (AN7153 - 2545)
Size and availability
Free outbound and return shipping
30-day money-back guarantee
Low prices
Free outbound and return shipping
30-day money-back guarantee
Low prices
KIIP Eyewear
As a customer of Edel-Optics, you are totally aware that eyewear can crown your style. This accessory makes you look very smart when you are out and about and convincing in the office and in your leisure time. The new Arnette underlines that you are a trendsetter. For the current season the renowned label sets the standards with its collection for 2018. Would another colour not be a better match for your favourite outfit? Check also the other styles of AN7153in our 2017, and 2018 Arnette range.
The frame is specially designed for men. Sporting clear lines, New School Cool meets traditional quality. If you have a more round or oval face, the rectangular shape creates a contrast, showing yourself in a new light. Plastic frames like these combine durability and are comfortable to wear. The AN7153 is a very snug fit on the ears and nose.
With the help of our digital dispensing optician, your prescription lenses can be configured according to your own requirements. Anti-reflective and cleaning coatings, antistatic and lotus effect are included as standard for plastic lenses.
The next shipment is on its way, so we will have your Arnette back in stock very soon. We hope the unbelievably low price will be a consolation for the short wait. If you buy at Edel-Optics you get the best price, because "in the sale" is our standard.


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Adventure Trip
Every year Development in Gardening (DIG) organizes a single opportunity to work hand in hand with our communities on the ground and visit some of the most beautiful sites in Africa.
Dates & Activities
The group departs from New York's JFK airport and travels to a DIG site. The trips typically last 12 days including travel. We split our digging time between our community groups. You will have a unique opportunity to work one-on-one with select families contributing to the improvement of their home gardens.
After our hands have become properly callused, the group will relax into a luxury safari or a Gorilla Trek.
DIG's Adventure Trip: Kenya 2016 from Development in Gardening (DIG) on Vimeo.
Trip Costs
The cost of the trip is between $4,500 - $6,000 per person and includes:
- Round trip flight from New York to Nairobi
- Flight from the Mara Naboisho Conservancy to Nairobi
- Kenya visa
- All lodging
- All food
- All transportation
- All excursions including the 3 night luxury safari with Encounter Mara
- park fees, guides, taxes
The Trip Costs does not include:
- Any cost associated with acquiring a valid passport (Kenya requires that your passport must be valid for 6 months after your return)
- Any vaccinations you or your doctor feel are necessary
- Any malaria prophylaxis or other medications prescribed by your doctor
- Any travel/health insurance costs (travel insurance is required by DIG for participation on this trip)
- Transport to and from New York to your home destination
- Souvenirs, alcohol and other personal purchases while on the trip
This trip is typically limited to 6 individuals so it is important to contact DIG as soon as possible if you are thinking of joining. Once we know your interest we will work to finalize all dates and reservations.
DIG will ask for a $500 non-refundable deposit when trip dates are confirmed. You will be responsible for getting any necessary vaccinations, paperwork, and malaria medication before our departure.All deposit checks should be made payable to: Development in Gardening 1270 Caroline St Suite D120-312 Atlanta, GA 30307 Note:Be sure to include your name and DIG Adventure Trip on the check.


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Brainwashed to kill
Child soldiers are as old as our history but still play a big part in the wars over the entire world. Often is assumed that child soldiers are only present in third world countries, countries in where the governments have no control over what happens in their territory. This is a mistake, of course the majority of child soldiers are present in those countries but also in developing countries, child soldiers play a part in wars.
In the whole world there are about 300.000 child soldiers, exact numbers can't be given as this is impossible to determine. Most child soldiers belong to groups that don't allow overseers to count the numbers.
Child soldiers by continent
In the picture below you can see in which countries children under the age of 15 are still used as soldiers in armed wars. Something to keep in mind is that more than sixty countries all over the world recruit children with the age of 17 for their army, examples of those countries are the USA, Belgium and Holland. In the rest of this article I will focus mainly on the group under the age of 15.
How the children become soldiers
There are two ways of becoming a child soldier, those are voluntary and involuntary. The group that voluntary become child soldier do this because of conditions such as being an orphan or children from extremely poor and broken families. By becoming a child soldier, they find protection, housing and food. Others join voluntary to avenge the death of one of their relatives. It's important to keep in mind that many of these children are no older than 8 years. Children of 8 years old are easy to manipulate.
The majority of the child soldiers are involuntary. Most of the time, they are abducted and forced to become child soldiers. In Uganda alone more than 30.000 children were abducted and forced to become child soldiers.
Why using children as soldiers and its terrible consequences
Children are small and don't attract much attention. Besides that, guns available now a days are easy in use and also for children easy to carry. So why invest in adults which are way more expensive to upkeep but don't bring more destruction then children. Children you can manipulate to make them do exactly what you want them to do.
Young children don't have any awareness of dead, which makes then brave, without fear. They are useful for different purposes. Many child soldier don't only fight, they are also used as messengers, suppliers and sadly enough as sex slaves. People using children as soldier don't care about the consequences that their actions have, they think about themselves and nothing more.
The consequences for child soldiers are immense, the last ten years more than 2 million of them died during war. And even when they survive it all, the mental, psychological and physical problems make it almost impossible to ever return into society. Many of the former child soldiers suffer from aids but also have concentration problems, depression, nightmares or are extremely aggressive.
International law and child soldiers
There aren't many countries who acknowledge child soldiers. You can find an article in The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, Art. 38, (1989) that children under 15 years should not be used in armed conflicts, even if it is voluntary. This Convention on the Rights of the Child about involvement of children in armed conflict was ratified by all governments in the world - except Somalia and the USA.
In 2000 the first real international convention against child soldiers was made, sadly enough the convention is not ratified by many countries.
So, who help child soldiers recover?
Fortunately enough there are many organizations that try to rehabilitate the child soldiers. All those organization have united in the Coalition to stop the use of Child Soldiers. Together the organizations offer the child soldiers shelter and programs to reintegrate into society. More about these originations and their programs you can find on http://www.child-soldiers.org/home http://www.child-soldiers.org/home
Some tips for books and films:
• Kill your family first by Peter H. Eichstaedt (Child Soldiers of Uganda and the Lord's Resistance Army)
• Child soldiers by Myriam Denov (Sierra Leone's Revolutionary United Front)
• Witlicht (Dutch movie, English spoken, that gives a realistic view on child soldiers)


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The Complete Guide to Album Tagging, Art and Playlists in iTunes
There is a lot more power under the hood in iTunes than many people realize. Beyond simply transferring content to Apple's line of media devices, the iTunes application is actually an extremely powerful media management system in its own right. However, getting the most out of your iTunes experience may require an investment in time to actually organize the content in your iTunes library, ensuring that the proper information is filled in for your media content and building an intelligent set of playlists to help you find and enjoy your favorite music and other content more effectively.
This article provides information for both the novice and the more experienced iTunes user to help you understand how to best catalog and organize your content in iTunes, enrich it with album art, and then build playlists that reflect your own needs and interests and then transfer that information to your iPod, iPhone or Apple TV to get the most enjoyment out of your music and video content.
Tagging your Content
iTunes uses a tag-based approach to organizing your media content rather than relying on your file and folder organization. Tags are stored in your media files and contain information such as title, artist, album and genre; this provides more data than can easily be stored in a file and folder structure and since the information is contained in the files it remains available regardless of what you name the file or where you move it to.
When you import media into your library, iTunes reads these tags and copies that information into its own database for faster access. This has the advantage of allowing you to quickly locate and browse through your media content in a number of different ways, rather than being limited to the relatively rigid hierarchy of a file and folder structure. This also applies to how your music and other content is organized on Apple's media devices: the iPod, iPhone, iPad and the Apple TV.
Of course, for this to work properly, the necessary tag information needs to have been filled in. Tracks you purchase from the iTunes Store and other online stores and tracks that you import from your own CDs will normally include at least basic tag information. On the other hand, media content that you import from other sources may not be filled in completely or properly. Further, even with your purchased and CD-imported content, you may not like the way the information is filled in and may prefer to customize it to your own liking.
Note that tag information is stored both in the iTunes library database and within your actual media files, providing the file format supports tag information. When you make a change to the tag information in iTunes, this information is updated both in the iTunes database and in the file. This means that if you reimport these files into another iTunes library or another media management application that reads tag information, any changes you've made will be reflected there as well. Keep in mind that some formats, such as WAV files, do not provide any fields to store tag information; in this case the information for these files will only be stored within the iTunes database and this information will not be available when importing these files into another iTunes library or another application. Users concerned about retaining tags in lossless files are probably better to consider the AIFF or Apple Lossless formats.
Viewing and Modifying Tags
You can modify the tags for any individual track simply by selecting the track in your iTunes library and choosing Get Info from the iTunes File menu.
Generally, your music tracks should contain at least the name, artist and album information to be organized properly by iTunes. Other media types can also contain this information, however fields other than the name are not always as necessary for content such as audiobooks, podcasts, or video content. iTunes uses this tag information to display and sort your tracks in iTunes and on your media devices and by default also stores your tracks in the iTunes Media folder based on these tags.
You'll notice that a smattering of other tags are also available here. While these are basically optional, filling them in can be particularly useful for organizing and sorting your music further. For instance, iTunes and the iPod and iOS devices provide direct support for also searching and browsing your music by the Genre and Composer tags, and the Track Number and Disc Number tags are used as a default sort order for your tracks within each album.
- Album Artist: This field is used for the name of the artist for the album as a whole, and is useful for tagging tracks from albums that have guest artists or featured artists in certain tracks. For single-artist albums, it is usually either blank or will be the same as the Artist field for the track. This is used primarily for grouping and sorting of tracks, particularly in the Grid and Cover Flow views. Recent versions of iOS can also optionally use this field to group tracks in the artist listings on the iPhone, iPod touch and iPad.
- Year: This normally contains the year the track or album was produced. In many cases tracks downloaded from the iTunes Store or CDDB will list the year the album was produced regardless of when the original song was produced. This can be used for sorting in iTunes and is also displayed on the Apple TV. It is not shown at all on the iPod or iOS devices.
- Track Number: This is a two-part field to list the track number and total number of tracks for an album. This is important for sorting in iTunes and on the iPod to list tracks in their proper album order. If this field is blank, tracks are sorted within each album alphabetically instead.
- Disc Number: Similar in concept to track number, this is used for multiple-disc albums, and is used in conjunction with the track number to sort tracks in their proper order when viewing an album listing for multiple discs. This allows you to use the same album name for all discs in a multi-disc set while still having them sorted correctly.
- Grouping: This tag is primarily used for classical pieces to group movements of the same work together during playback. For example, if you had a recording of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, each of the four movements may be listed as an individual track with the title of the movement itself as the track name and "Beethoven's Fifth Symphony No. 5 in C minor, Op 67" in the Grouping field.
- BPM: This field can be used to enter the tempo of a track in beats per minute. It is normally blank and is not used by default but can be useful as a criteria in Smart Playlists. Although the BPM field is not populated automatically, there are several third-party tools such as MixMeister BPM analyzer (www.mixmeister.com) that can be used to analyze your library and fill this information in for you automatically.
- Composer: This field lists the composer for a track. iTunes allows you to search and group by this field, and it is also available on the iPod, iOS devices and Apple TV. Although primarily useful for classical works, you will find that many contemporary pieces also include the lyricist or songwriter in this field.
- Comments: This is a free-form field that can be used to add comments to a track. It is searchable directly within iTunes, but is otherwise not available on your media devices, with the exception of the Apple TV where it is displayed beneath the artwork when viewing audio and video tracks. For movies and TV Shows this field can be used in lieu of the description field.
- Genre: This simply defines the genre of a track. You can either type in your own genre or use the drop-down menu to choose from a list of genres already available in your iTunes library. This is used primarily for grouping and sorting. Tt is also used to build Genius Mixes based on genre.
- Part of a compilation: This identifies that the current track should be treated as part of a compilation album, which affects how the track is grouped and sorted in iTunes and on the iPod, iOS devices and the Apple TV. More on this later.
Viewing and Browsing your iTunes Library
Many of these tags can be displayed in the normal iTunes media listing view as additional columns. You can customize which columns are shown in the current track listing by choosing View, View Options from the iTunes menu.
Note that not all of the view options will be applicable to all content listings. Information such as Show and Episode ID, for instance, is only relevant for TV Shows.
iTunes also allows you to filter the content in your iTunes listings by displaying the column browser. Traditionally, this has been presented as three columns, for Genre, Artist and Album, above the track listing. Choosing specific entries in each column filters the columns to the right as well as the content displayed in the main window.
iTunes 9 introduced a new layout for the column browser and chose to enable this new layout by default, for whatever reason. Instead of presenting the three columns above your track listing, a set of columns is instead shown to the left, more akin to a file browser in Finder or Windows Explorer.
You can choose your preferred column browser layout from the View, Column Browser menu option in iTunes.
Within the column view itself, you can choose to sort by any displayed column simply by clicking on the column heading, and can reorganize the order of displayed columns by dragging and dropping the column headings to the left or the right. Note that the "Name" column must always be displayed at the left. The Album column actually has another trick up its sleeve: clicking on this column heading will toggle between sorting simply by Album, or sorting based on Album by Year or Album by Artist, effectively providing a secondary sorting option to group your albums.
Advanced Track Options
The Options tab allows some additional settings to be modified for your tracks:
- Volume Adjustment: This allows you to adjust the volume for the selected track. Volume adjustments are written into a gain tag that is read by iTunes and the iPod, iOS devices and Apple TV. The actual sound of the media file is not modified in any way.
- Equalizer Preset: This allows you to specify a custom equalizer setting that will be used when playing the selected track in iTunes or on the iPod.
- Media Kind: This sets the type of media that the track represents. For audio tracks, it can be set to Music, Podcast, iTunes U, Audiobook, or Voice Memo. For video tracks, it can be set to Music Video, Movie, TV Show, Podcast or iTunes U. This determines how the track is shown and handled in iTunes and on your media devices.
- VoiceOver Language: This sets the preferred VoiceOver language to be used for the track on devices that support VoiceOver such as newer iPod shuffle and iPod nano models.
- Rating: This allows you to specify a rating for the track. This can also be set on the iPod, iPhone or iPad when listening to the track, as well as set from the normal iTunes media browsing view.
- Start Time / Stop Time: This allows you to override the start and stop time for the track. The track is not actually trimmed in any way; this value merely applies tags that tell iTunes and your media devices where to start or stop playing the track.
- Remember playback position: This indicates that iTunes and your media devices should remember your position when you stop listening to a track. It is enabled by default for audiobooks, podcasts, iTunes U content, movies and TV shows, and disabled by default for music and music videos.
- Skip when shuffling: This indicates that iTunes and your media devices should never play this track automatically when in shuffle mode, whether as part of a playlist or not. This is enabled by default for all non-music tracks. Note that older iPod models such as the fifth-generation iPod will still play these tracks when playing them specifically from a playlist and only skip them when using the global "Shuffle Songs" menu item.
- Part of a gapless album: This setting is used only by iTunes and the fourth- and fifth-generation iPod nano to disable cross-fade when playing tracks that should be handled as part of a gapless album. iTunes determines automatically if tracks should be played without gaps, and this setting has no bearing on that; it is simply used to disable cross-fade between tracks on those devices that support this feature.
In addition to the tags above that can be set on the Info tab, iTunes also allows additional information to be filled in for video content. The Video tab includes tags specific to videos in iTunes, particularly TV Shows, and allows you to set information such as the TV show name, episode numbers, season number and description. The first four fields apply only to TV Shows, although the Description field is also used by Movies.
More information on tagging videos can be found in our Complete Guide to Managing iTunes Videos.
Customizing Track Sorting
The Sorting tab provides the ability to override the order in which a given track is sorted within iTunes without changing the actual text which appears for the track. For example, say you have the album 2112 by Rush, but want the album sorted the way it's spelled out rather than sorted with the rest of the numbers at the bottom of the track listing. You could change the album tag to read "Twenty One Twelve" and the album would sort correctly, but it would also be displayed as such and no self-respecting Rush fan could ever possibly do such a thing. Instead, you could simply enter "Twenty One Twelve" in the Sort Album field and iTunes would sort the album as if the real Album field actually contained that text, while still displaying the correct album name as "2112" in the track information.
This can be particularly useful for tracks with names, artists or albums that begin with numbers. For whatever reason, back in iTunes 7.3 Apple decided that it would be a good idea to sort numerical titles at the end of the listings, rather than their previous location at the beginning. This allows you to override this behaviour either by sorting these titles phonetically as illustrated above, or simply by prefixing them with the letter A to force them to sort back at the beginning.
Tagging Multiple Tracks
In addition to changing the tags for a single track, you can easily modify the tags for several tracks at once simply by selecting more than one track in iTunes before choosing the Get Info option. The file information dialog box will show a slightly different layout, displaying the fields that can be applied to all of the selected tracks. Fields that already have the same information in all tracks will be filled in. To change a tag for the selected tracks, simply fill in the appropriate field and ensure the checkbox to the left of the field is selected.
For whatever reason, some of the fields appear in slightly different places when viewing multiple item information. For instance, the Rating field appears on the "Info" tab instead of on the "Options" tab, and the Part of a Compilation field appears on the "Options" tab instead of the "Info" tab. Options that normally appear as checkboxes are shown instead as drop-down Yes/No menus to make it more clear which setting will actually be applied to the selected tracks.
The Sorting tab is also available when viewing multiple items, making it simple to override the sort order for an entire artist, album, composer or show. Prior to iTunes 8, setting the sort order for multiple tracks was a considerably more convoluted process involving setting the order for a single track and then re-applying that setting to other similar tracks.
Adding Lyrics to your Music
The Lyrics tab allows you to paste in lyrics for any given track. This is a free-form text field that you can type any information you want into, and some users prefer to fill this in with other information such as extended artist info or information from an album's liner notes. Keep in mind, however, that this field is set per-track and there is no corresponding field that can be applied to an entire album.
Lyrics can be displayed in iTunes and on recent model iPods and iOS devices. The Apple TV does not provide any support for lyrics, nor do iPod models prior to the fifth-generation iPod or very early iPhone firmware versions.
Numerous utilities also exist for both the Mac and Windows platforms that can display your lyrics while listening to your tracks or search the Internet and add lyrics to your tracks for you. These range from Mac OS X and Yahoo dashboard widgets such as Sing that iTune! (Mac OS X widget: http://www.apple.com/download, Windows Yahoo Widget,http://www.widgets.yahoo.com) to full-featured applications such as iTunes Lyrics Importer (Windows, http://senthilkumar.googlepages.com/ituneslyricsimporter) and GimmeSomeTune (Mac OS X, http://www.eternalstorms.at/gimmesometune). Note that compatibility of these and similar utilities varies with different versions of iTunes, and due to copyright issues there has been a frequent cat-and-mouse game to block access from these utilities to the various online lyrics services they rely upon.
Organizing Compilation Albums
If you have a large iTunes library and you're concerned about keeping your tracks grouped into proper albums, you'll likely find that you have several albums with tracks performed by different artists. In iTunes terms, these are called "Compilations" and include albums like movie soundtracks or compilations of music from an era or a theme (ie, "Top Hits of the Eighties"). Since iTunes and the various Apple media devices group your music primarily by artist, this can create a situation where you have a bunch of tracks that aren't as cleanly organized as they should be. For instance, it's not uncommon to have one-hit wonders or other obscure artists from these types of albums cluttering up your artist list.
iTunes allows you to mark these albums as "Part of a Compilation" to help identify them more easily and filter out those artists from your normal listings. Note that you also have to tell iTunes and the iPod to actually use this tag as part of its grouping for your tracks, otherwise it's simply ignored.
To organize your tracks by compilation in iTunes, choose View, Column Browser, Group Compilations. In older versions of iTunes the Group Compilations when Browsing option was found on the "Advanced" tab in your iTunes preferences.
Enabling this option will display a new section, "Compilations" at the top of your Artists listing in the iTunes browser. All of your albums with tracks identified as being part of a compilation are displayed in this section.
Note that if all of the tracks in your library by a particular artist are tagged as part of a compilation, that artist is hidden from the artist listing. This helps filter out the more obscure artists for which you may only have one or two tracks buried on a compilation album. On the other hand, if you have even one other track by the same artist that is NOT marked as being part of a compilation, the artist is still listed separately in your artist listing with all tracks by that artist shown under their name, including those that are marked as part of a compilation.
This behaviour works in the same manner on the iPod classic and third-, fourth- and fifth-generation iPod nano. These iPod models determine whether to group content by compilation based on whether the Compilations menu option is displayed, set under Settings, Music Menu, Compilations. When the Compilations menu option is enabled, the behaviour is the same as in iTunes itself: artists are only shown in the Artists menu if they have at least one song on the iPod that is NOT marked as being part of a compilation, however if the artist is shown, then all tracks by that artist will be shown under the Artist's name.
iPod models prior to the iPod classic and third-generation iPod nano used a separate "Compilations" setting under the Settings menu. This setting behaves a bit differently from the current behaviour: When enabled, tracks marked as being part of a compilation are never displayed under the Artist name, regardless of whether the artist has other non-compilation tracks on the iPod or not.
Prior to iOS 5 the iPhone, iPod touch and iPad did not support any ability to filter compilations or album artists at all. Although these devices do include a Compilations section, the Artist listing is not filtered—all artists are always shown on the Artists menu, regardless of whether they are part of a compilation or not. iOS 5 adds a new "Group by Album Artist" setting that can be found in the Music settings that works in a similar manner; this setting groups the artist listing and related albums based on the Album Artist information rather than the Artist tag, regardless of whether the tracks are flagged as belonging to part of a compilation or not. A similar "Use Album Artists" setting can be found in iTunes on the View, Column Browser menu.
Not also that the concept of compilations only applies to music tracks, and has no effect in regard to other types of content such as audiobooks, podcasts, movies and TV shows.
Syncing Tag Changes to the iPod
As long as you are using automatic synchronization, any changes made to tags in your iTunes library are automatically synchronized to your iPod, iPhone or iPad during the next sync. Although this technically only requires a change to the device's content database, the tracks themselves will also be re-copied so that the device contains the latest versions of the actual files with their embedded tags. This can be invaluable for disaster-recovery purposes, as it means that should you ever need to recover content from your iPod without the assistance of the content database, the files themselves will still include enough tag information to rebuild your library.
When managing content on your device manually, however, your iPod, iPhone or iPad is treated as a separate library from your iTunes library, and changes made in one place do not automatically replicate to the other. In this situation, you should either make your tag changes directly on the device itself by selecting the tracks on your device from within iTunes and choosing to edit the file properties from there, or by making the changes in iTunes but being certain to manually re-copy those tracks back to your device when you are finished.
Adding Album Artwork
With the release of the first iPod with a color screen in 2004, Apple also introduced the ability to display album artwork on your iPod and in iTunes alongside your other song information. Today with Apple's iOS devies and the Apple TV the display of album artwork is an almost compulsory part of the experience. Tracks downloaded from the iTunes Store naturally include album artwork already embedded within them, as will most tracks from other online music services. For tracks you import from your own CDs or other sources, however, you'll have to go out and fetch the album artwork yourself.
You can view the artwork for a given track either by opening the Get Info dialog for the track and looking at the Artwork tab, or by displaying the artwork panel in the bottom-left corner of your iTunes window, which can be toggled on and off using the fourth button at the bottom of the screen.
Clicking on the title in the artwork panel will toggle between displaying artwork for the currently selected track ("Selected Item") or for the track that is currently playing ("Now Playing"). If more than one artwork image is available, arrows will appear to the left and right of the title to allow you to view the additional album artwork images for the selected or now playing track. Clicking on the artwork image itself in the artwork panel will open the artwork image in a separate, full-size window.
Adding Artwork Automatically
The good news is that iTunes can assist you with the process of adding artwork to your tracks, at least somewhat. Since the iTunes Store already has a huge catalog of tracks, Apple has chosen to make the artwork from those tracks available to your own music, and can automatically search through your music library, compare it against the iTunes Store catalog, and automatically fill in any missing artwork. There is no cost for this service, although you must have an iTunes Store account to use it.
By default, iTunes will go out and try to fetch album artwork automatically for any new tracks you import as long as you have set up an iTunes Store account. This option can also be enabled or disabled from within your iTunes preferences, under the General section.
You can also manually tell iTunes to go out and search for missing artwork for any given track on-demand simply by right-clicking on a track and choosing Get Album Artwork from the context menu. Similarly, choosing Get Album Artwork from the Advanced menu in iTunes will initiate a search through your entire library for missing artwork, downloaded and adding any artwork that it finds in the process.
Keep in mind that iTunes won't be able to fetch artwork for all of your tracks, since it can only find artwork for those tracks that are available on the iTunes Store. Further, it uses information such as song, artist and album name to look up this information, and if the information in your library does not match the information on the iTunes Store, then iTunes will not be able to identify the artwork for those tracks. Further, it's entirely possible for iTunes to get the artwork wrong, particularly for more obscure albums or albums with more common names (e.g., "Greatest Hits" or "Singles").
If you find that iTunes has applied incorrect artwork to a track, or want to clear it out for whatever other reason, you can easily do this by right-clicking on the track(s) that you want to clear the artwork for and choosing "Clear Downloaded Artwork" from the context menu. iTunes will prompt you to confirm that you want to do this, noting that only automatically downloaded artwork will be removed, and not artwork that is actually embedded within the file itself.
Like other information about your media files, album artwork images can be stored as tags directly in the media files. iTunes also keeps a cached copy of this stored artwork in its own database to improve performance. Artwork automatically downloaded from the iTunes Store, however does NOT get written to the actual file tags, but is only stored in the iTunes database. This means that if you import these files into another iTunes library or another media management application, the artwork will be missing. In the case of iTunes, this is usually of little concern, since you can easily just fetch the artwork again from the iTunes Store if you're setting up a new iTunes library. If you're really concerned about having the artwork embedded in the actual files, however, there are third-party tools such as the Embed Artwork AppleScript available from Doug's AppleScripts for iTunes.
Adding Artwork Manually
While allowing the iTunes Store to provide album artwork is likely the easiest solution for getting your artwork filled in, it is not a comprehensive solution since it's likely that at lest some of your tracks will not be available on the iTunes Store. Fortunately, it is fairly simple to add in your own artwork to individual tracks or groups of tracks, either manually or through the use of third-party software.
The simplest way to add artwork to a track or group of tracks is to use the artwork panel itself. Tracks that do not already have artwork assigned to them will display a placeholder instead of the artwork image, noting that you can simply drag in artwork to have it added to these tracks. Drag in a JPG file, or even an image directly from a web browser, and it will be added to the selected track(s). To add artwork to an entire album, simply select all of the tracks in that album and then drag the artwork into the panel in the bottom-right corner. You can also right-click on the artwork panel to paste in an image from the system clipboard.
Note that you can use this method to add artwork to tracks that already contain artwork as well, however the dragged artwork will be added to the selected tracks as secondary artwork, rather than replacing the artwork that is already in the track. Note that secondary artwork images can only be viewed in iTunes—they are not available on the iPod, Apple TV or iOS devices.
If you want to actually replace the existing artwork, the easiest method is to use the multiple file information dialog box. Simply select multiple tracks, choose File, Get Info from the iTunes menu, and then either drag or paste the artwork into the "Artwork" field which appears here. Note that you cannot right-click on the artwork field, but you can highlight it and use the CMD-V (Mac) or CTRL-V (Windows) keyboard shortcuts to paste in new artwork. Artwork added in this manner will replace any existing artwork in the selected tracks.
This same method can be used to remove artwork from selected tracks. Simply check off the Artwork field without actually pasting in any new artwork, and iTunes will remove all existing artwork from the selected tracks. Unlike the Clear Downloaded Artwork this method removes embedded artwork as well as automatically downloaded artwork.
Alternatively, you can modify the artwork for a specific track by opening the properties for that track and selecting the Artwork tab. The images contained in the selected track will be shown, along with a slider to zoom in or out on the images, and buttons to either add additional images or delete existing ones. The Add button will open the file browser to allow you to add an image from a file; it does not offer the ability to paste images in from the clipboard or via drag-and-drop. This does, however, provide an alternative method to remove artwork from a specific track before adding in a new image using the artwork panel in the main window.
All artwork that you add manually is actually embedded in your media files, providing the file format supports tags, as well as being cached in your iTunes library database.
Note that album artwork is not just used for music. All other content types support album artwork as well, including audiobooks, podcasts, movies and TV shows. iTunes does not provide the ability to automatically download artwork for types of content other than music, however, regardless of whether the selected content is also on the iTunes Store. For non-music content, you will need to add artwork manually.
As with adding lyrics, a number of third-party utilities are also available to scour the Internet and add artwork to your tracks automatically. Most of the better tools for this purpose are commercial and must be purchased separately, but can be useful for those with large iTunes libraries who want to ensure their artwork is as complete as possible. A couple of possibilities to check out include iArt (Windows, $10, http://www.ipodsoft.com) and Cover Scout (Mac, $30, http://www.equinux.com).
Syncing Album Artwork to your iPod, iPhone or iPad
Although previous versions of iTunes provided the ability to choose whether or not artwork was synced to and displayed on your iPod, this option was removed in iTunes 9—artwork from your iTunes library is always synced to your iPod, and there is no way to disable this other than removing the artwork from the iTunes library itself.
At least partly for performance reasons, the iPod and iOS devices do not actually read the file tags themselves to display your artwork. Instead, iTunes creates pre-sized bitmap images of your album artwork to store on your device, and places this in a separate artwork database which is read by the device. The artwork embedded in your media files is completely ignored by these devices.
While this approach normally means that artwork can be loaded much more quickly, particularly on older Click Wheel iPod models that do not have the processing power of a handheld computer, it also means that it is possible for this artwork database to become corrupted or out-of-sync with the rest of your iPod music library. In this case, you will sometimes find that either artwork for a given track is not shown at all, or the incorrect artwork is shown. With previous versions of iTunes, this could be fixed on Click Wheel iPod models simply by disabling and re-enabling the option to sync artwork, however with recent versions of iTunes you will instead need to remove and re-transfer the content to refresh the artwork images. If the problem is widespread on your device, it may be simpler to just Restore the iPod and reload your content from iTunes. The good news, however, is that with recent versions of iTunes and newer iPod models, this issue seems to occur a lot less frequently than it has in the past, especially if you are only using iTunes to manage the content on your device rather than third-party PC or Mac iPod utilities.
As with managing other tags, if you are managing the content on your device manually, artwork changes made in iTunes will not be transferred to the device. You will either need to add the artwork directly to files on the device itself through iTunes, or re-transfer any tracks with updated artwork manually back to your device.
Using Playlists
iTunes offers a very comprehensive set of playlist options for grouping your favorite tracks together, either just for listening to them or as a means to choose which tracks get synchronized to your iPhone, iPod or iPad. These options range from the simple standard playlist that you create and add tracks to manually to the more advanced Smart Playlists and Genius Playlists that can select content from your library automatically based on your listening preferences. Playlists can contain any type of media content from your iTunes library, and can also be grouped into folders.
Standard Playlists
The simplest type of playlist in iTunes is the basic standard playlist. These playlists contain content that you have specifically added to them, and are sorted and organized manually. There are several ways to create a normal playlist: You can choose New Playlist from the File menu in iTunes or click the Plus button found in the bottom-left corner of the iTunes window to create an empty playlist. Alternatively, you can highlight a set of tracks and create a new playlist containing those tracks by choosing New Playlist from Selection from the File menu.
Once you've created a playlist, adding additional tracks is simply a matter of dragging-and-dropping those tracks from elsewhere in your iTunes library into the playlist. You can also drag a genre, artist or album directly from the column browser onto a playlist to add all of the tracks in that selection. iTunes will detect if you're adding duplicate tracks to an existing playlist and notify you of this. You can then choose to either skip the duplicates but add the unique tracks, cancel the add operation entirely, or add all of the tracks to the playlist, including the duplicates of the tracks that are already in the playlist.
To remove content from a playlist, simply select the track(s) you want to remove and hit the DELETE key. This will remove the tracks from the playlist, but not from your iTunes library. If you want to delete a track entirely from your iTunes library from within a playlist, hold down the OPT key (Mac) or SHIFT key (Windows) when pressing the DELETE key, and iTunes will prompt you to remove the track from your iTunes library in addition to removing it from the playlist.
You can also add a given track or set of tracks to a playlist by right-clicking on the track and choosing the Add to Playlist option from the context menu. A list of all of the playlists in your iTunes library will be displayed in a sub-menu; simply click on a playlist from the sub-menu and the track(s) will be added to that playlist.
A Show in Playlist submenu is also available which will display the playlists that already contain a given track. Selecting a playlist from this sub-menu will open the chosen playlist with that particular track highlighted.
Smart Playlists
One of the more powerful features in iTunes is the Smart Playlist. Rather than simply creating a static playlist of your favorite tracks, a Smart Playlist is basically a saved search that can automatically select tracks for you based on a number of criteria that you specify. You basically build the conditions of the playlist, and then iTunes uses the tag data within your tracks to dynamically search your iTunes library on-the-fly and fill that playlist with content that meets those conditions.
To create a new Smart Playlist, chose New Smart Playlist from the iTunes File menu. You can also create a new Smart Playlist by holding down the OPT key (Mac) or SHIFT key (Windows) and clicking on the new playlist button in the bottom-left corner of the iTunes window.
A basic Smart Playlist dialog box will be shown allowing you to choose the criteria to build your Smart Playlist.
As a basic Smart Playlist, you could simply fill in your favorite artist name and let iTunes select all tracks by that artist for you.
However, you could almost as easily do this with a standard playlist. Where Smart Playlists become much more powerful is in their ability to not only use multiple criteria, but to also use other information that iTunes keeps track of, such as the number of times you've played a given track, the last time you listened to a track, and even the last time you skipped a track. iTunes and your various Apple media devices all record this information as you listen to your music and store it in their database, allowing you to build much more sophisticated and useful Smart Playlists.
For instance, let's suppose you wanted to build a Smart Playlist of all Jazz music that you had not listened to in at least thirty days. You could simply specify that the Genre should contain "Jazz" and then click the plus button to add an additional criteria line and set it to Last Played is not in the last 30 days.
Of course, if you have a really large collection of Jazz, you might want to limit it only to songs you haven't heard yet. Again, easily done by adding another line of criteria: Plays is 0.
However, this may still create a playlist that is too large to synchronize to the average iPhone, so perhaps you want to limit it to a certain size? This is where the Limit to option can be particularly useful.
The Limit to option can select a limited amount of content based on size in megabytes or gigabtyes, number of items, or play time in either minutes or hours. For example, this could be useful to create a timed mix for a workout:
Note the use of Playlist is Workout Mix in the above example. This shows how a Smart Playlist can be based on content from an existing normal playlist or Smart Playlist. In this case, the "Workout Mix" playlist would contain a larger list of tracks that are appropriate for working out to, and the Smart Playlist would simply select the least-recently-played 30 minutes worth. If you wanted to get more sophisticated and had put some appropriate information into the BPM field, you could select a good workout mix based on automatically choosing some upbeat music.
Although the BPM field is not populated automatically, there are several third-party tools such as MixMeister BPM analyzer (www.mixmeister.com) that can be used to analyze your library and fill this information in for you automatically.
iTunes 9 also introduced an important enhancement for creating more sophisticated Smart Playlists based on mixed criteria. In older versions of iTunes it was not possible to create a single Smart Playlist that mixed both AND and OR criteria in the same list. For example, if you wanted a Smart Playlist that selected music from more than one genre (ie, Rock OR Pop) that was high rated and you hadn't listened to recently, you actually had to build two separate Smart Playlists: One to select the content from Rock OR Pop, and then a second one to select the first Smart Playlist and apply the other criteria to it. Thankfully, as of iTunes 9 you no longer need to jump through such hoops and clutter up your library with needless intermediate playlists. You can now create criteria groups to accomplish the same thing in a single playlist. To do this, simply use the ellipsis button (...) to add an additional criteria group, which can be set to match ANY or ALL of the rules in the sub-group.
This example would select all tracks that have not been played in the past two weeks with a rating of greater than three stars and a genre tag containing either Rock OR Pop. The Smart Playlist would be further limited to only 1 hour of music, selected randomly.
As you can see, there are extensive possibilities for some very creative Smart Playlists. These can be particularly useful for keeping your content fresh if you have a very large iTunes library and a smaller iPod or iOS device. Simply create some Smart Playlists that use criteria such as rating, play count and last played for your favorite genres or artists, limit those playlists by size or length and then choose to sync those playlists to your device. As you listen to the music on your iPod, information such as play count and last played date are tracked on the device and when you next sync with your iTunes library, any tracks that no longer meet the Smart Playlist criteria are automatically removed from your device and replaced with fresh tracks that you haven't listened to recently.
iTunes provides an extensive list of criteria you can use to build your Smart Playlists, including many of the tags we've already discussed, as well as other information that iTunes tracks such as dates added, modified, last played or last skipped, counts on number of times played or skipped, and even which playlist a given track is contained in.
Note that older iPod models released prior to 2007 do not track skip count and last skipped date, so these criteria may be less useful to you if you're using one of these older devices.
In theory, Smart Playlists should also dynamically update on your iPod, iPhone, iPad or Apple TV wherever possible, although this behaviour has been at least partially broken on iOS devices since iOS 3.1. Further, not all criteria in a Smart Playlist may be available on the device. For example, if you're basing a Smart Playlist on another existing playlist, that playlist must also be synced to the device. It is not uncommon to find bugs in various iPod firmware and iOS versions that sometimes cause Smart Playlists to not behave exactly as expected. Syncing back to iTunes is generally the most reliable way to ensure that a Smart Playlist gets updated properly.
When managing the content in Smart Playlists, keep in mind that these are generated automatically, and therefore you won't be able to drag and drop content into or manually remove content from a Smart Playlist. The exception is Smart Playlists that limit content based on "random" criteria. Deleting a track from a random Smart Playlist will remove that track and select a new random track to take its place.
You can also use SHIFT-DEL (Windows) or OPT-DEL (Mac) to delete tracks entirely from your iTunes library while working from a Smart Playlist. This can be useful for cleaning up your library as it allows you to use a Smart Playlist to determine which tracks to prune from your library; simply select the criteria for tracks you might want to get rid of (e.g. rating is one star), and then review the list and use SHIFT-DEL/OPT-DEL to erase those tracks entirely from your library.
Genius Playlists
An additional type of special playlist was added in iTunes 8 to take advantage of the new "Genius" feature. The "Genius Playlist" is a special type of playlist that automatically selects a set of tracks based on their compatibility with an initial track that you choose. Genius playlists cannot be created directly, but are instead saved from the Genius queue. To create a Genius playlist, you first need to select a track from elsewhere in your iTunes library and then click the Genius button in the bottom-right corner of the iTunes window.
This will create a Genius listing based on the selected track, by default choosing 25 additional songs that match the current track and displaying them in the Genius section in iTunes.
From here, you can choose to include a larger set of tracks (50, 75, or 100) using the "Limit to" drop-down at the top of this listing, refresh the list to select different content, and save the resulting list to a Genius Playlist using the "Save Playlist" button. A new Genius Playlist will be created in your iTunes library, named after the primary song that was used to create the Genius list. You can rename this playlist in the same manner as any other playlist, and choose to drag it down from your "Genius" section into your main playlists section.
Genius playlists work in much the same way as the main Genius queue; you can refresh their content or change the number of items included using the drop-down selection menus at the top of the track listing. Changes made to a Genius playlist are automatically saved
Genius Playlists are supported directly on all of the iPod models, iOS devices and Apple TV firmware updates released after iTunes 8 came out in the fall of 2008. Earlier iPod models can still use Genius playlists, but they will appear as normal playlists on these devices. Genius Playlists can also be created and saved on these newer iPods, and will sync back to iTunes.
Note that Genius Playlists are a distinct feature from the new "Genius Mixes" found in iTunes 9. The latter feature is used to build automatic queues of your content based on genre. These only appear within the "Genius Mixes" section of iTunes and for syncing to iPod and iOS devices that support them. Genius Mixes cannot be saved as playlists and do little else in iTunes other than play back.
Sorting and Filtering Playlists
Playlists can be sorted and filtered in the same way as the main iTunes library listings. You can add and remove columns for the current playlist, sort by any displayed column, and even use the column browser to further filter the playlist content. Note that view settings such as sort order, displayed columns, and whether or not the column browser is shown are set on a per-playlist basis, so you can customize the view for each individual playlist without affecting how the other parts of your iTunes library are displayed.
You can also choose to shuffle a playlist by clicking on the Shuffle button in the bottom-left corner of the iTunes window or by choosing Controls, Shuffle from the iTunes menu. When the playlist is in shuffled mode, the Shuffle button will be highlighted in blue.
Turning shuffle OFF and clicking on the heading for the left-most column in each playlist will return the playlist back to a manual sort order, which by default represents the order in which tracks were originally added to the playlist. When sorted manually, you can reorganize the tracks in your playlist simply by dragging them up or down within the playlist to new positions.
Note that you will not be able to drag tracks up and down in the playlist unless Shuffle is turned OFF and the playlist is sorted by the left-most column, so if you find that reordering tracks isn't working for you, be sure to check both of these settings.
If you want to start with a shuffled or sorted order for your playlist and then reorganize your tracks from there, you can do this by copying the currently displayed order to the playlist's natural "Play order." To do this, simply sort or shuffle the playlist how you want it, and then right-click on the playlist in your iTunes Source list and choose Copy to Play Order from the context menu. This will set the default order for the playlist to the order that is currently displayed. You can then turn off shuffle and/or return sorting back to the left-most column and the playlist will remain in the set order.
All types of playlists can be sorted, reordered and shuffled in this manner. Playlist orders should normally transfer to your iPod, iOS device or Apple TV, although as with Smart Playlist criteria, it is not uncommon to sometimes find odd behaviours with Smart Playlist sorting in specific iOS versions.
Playlist Folders
iTunes 7 introduced the ability to group your playlists into folders within the iTunes library, although initially this had little use other than to provide a means for organizing the iTunes library itself. It wasn't until the iPod classic and third-generation iPod nano were released that playlist folders began transferring to the iPod. Playlist support was later added to the iPhone, iPod touch and iPad with iOS 4.0.
Playlist folders can be created by choosing New Playlist Folder from the File menu. Individual playlists can then be dragged and dropped into folders, and you can even nest folders within folders. A Playlist Folder can contain any of the three types of playlists.
Other than their organizational benefits, the main advantage of Playlist Folders is that they can be used to aggregate the content contained within all of their playlists into a single listing. Selecting a Playlist Folder in iTunes will display all of the content from all of the playlists in that folder and any sub-folders in a single listing. This can be handy for playing back an entire set of playlists together or getting an estimate of the amount of content contained in a set of playlists. A Playlist Folder can also be used as In Playlist criteria for a Smart Playlist, allowing for an easy selection of related tracks from several playlists within a broader Smart Playlist.
On-The-Go Playlist
Older iPods and iOS versions also included a special playlist known as the "On-The-Go Playlist" which basically acts as a play queue. Users can add tracks to the On-The-Go playlist to create a custom listening order on the device without having to re-sync to iTunes to add a new playlist. The On-The-Go Playlist can be saved directly on the device and will be synced back to iTunes as a new playlist. iTunes will also create a new standard playlist from any content contained in the "On-The-Go" queue when you sync your device with iTunes. Note that iTunes does not have an equivalent to the On-The-Go playlist—it simply turns whatever OTG playlists you have on your device into standard playlists, that are then synced and managed in the same manner as any other standard playlist.
With iOS 4.0 for the iPhone, iPod touch and iPad and the sixth-generation iPod nano, the On-The-Go playlist has been removed in favour of the ability to create and edit standard playlists directly on the device.
Mixing Content in Playlists
You can create a standard playlist or Smart Playlist containing any type of content that is in your iTunes library, including movies and TV shows. Normally, you will probably use separate playlists for different types of content, but iTunes will happily allow you to mix different types of content into a single playlist also. iTunes warns you when you're about to do this, but otherwise doesn't prevent you from doing it.
Mixed playlists can be particularly useful for combining normal music tracks and music videos in the same playlist. Older Click Wheel iPod models will allow you to listen to your music videos in this manner along with your normal audio tracks, and the iPhone, iPod touch, iPad and Apple TV will seamlessly switch between music-only playback and video playback as you work your way through the playlist—a particularly useful feature on the Apple TV in a party setting.
Syncing Playlists to your iPod, iPhone or iPad
In addition to their obvious benefit for organizing your content for listening or viewing, playlists are a great way to determine which content gets transferred to your media device. Many users have iTunes libraries that are considerably larger than their portable devices, and using selected playlists to sync your content is a great way to still enjoy the benefits of automatic synchronization with iTunes.
To synchronize using selected playlists, simply connect your iPod, iPhone or iPad, choose the appropriate tab for the type of content you want to sync, and then choose the option to sync "Selected playlists…" rather than your entire library. You can then choose which specific playlists you want synchronized to your device. Note that the recent iPod models and iOS firmware versions will also show Genius Mixes as playlists which can be selected for synchronization. These models include the 2009 iPod classic, fifth- and sixth-generation iPod nano, and iOS devices using iOS 3.1 or later.
An important thing to keep in mind when using selected playlists for synchronizing content to your device is that playlists containing different types of content must be selected on the individual screens appropriate for that content. This means that if you have a playlist that contains movies you would like to sync to your iPhone, you must select that playlist from the Movies options, and not the Music options in your device sync settings.
iTunes filters your playlists in each sync options screen to only show those playlists containing the appropriate types of content, meaning that you shouldn't even see your movie playlists in your "Music" tab. Of course, if you're building mixed playlists that contain both music and movies, then those playlists will be listed on both screens; note though that you must still select it on each one if you want both types of content to be synchronized to your device. This is another reason why it's best to avoid mixing different types of content in the same playlists.
As of iTunes 9, this same restriction now applies to podcasts as well. In prior versions of iTunes, podcasts were treated as music files for the purposes of synchronizing playlists. With iTunes 9 and later, podcasts contained in playlists will not be synchronized to your device unless they are specifically selected in the "Podcasts" tab.
A word about iTunes Match
In November 2011 Apple released a new subscription-based service known as iTunes Match, designed to allow users to effectively store their entire iTunes library on Apple's servers by making purchased tracks available for download, matching non-purchased tracks with those available on the iTunes Store, and uploading everything else to iCloud.
Once enabled, iTunes Match effectively becomes your music library. On iOS devices, this replaces any music that you have synced directly from iTunes with your iTunes library stored in iCloud. This includes not only your music tracks, but any custom metadata that you have set in the track information, ratings and play counts, your album artwork, and your standard and Smart Playlists—Genius playlists are not yet included in iTunes Match.
In theory, this means that iTunes Match is capable of replacing traditional iTunes synchronization for the purposes of music content at least. The reality now, however, is that iTunes Match is a "version 1.0" product and your mileage may vary. Further, since the service only handles music—not even podcasts are included much less movies and TV shows—chances are that many users may still want to rely on traditional iTunes synchronization anyway, which remains the more reliable option until Apple gets all of the bugs worked out with iTunes Match.
For more information on iTunes Match see our article on the Secrets and Features of iTunes Match.
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Apple TV does display the Comments field for audio files as you scroll through an album's tracks.
Posted by Galley in Toronto on November 16, 2009 at 5:46 PM (CST)
Thanks for pointing that out. I've updated the article.
I was trying to note that the comment field can be used as an alternative to the description field for video content, but didn't realize that it wasn't clear that it's actually displayed pretty much for all content types on the Apple TV.
Posted by Jesse Hollington in Toronto on November 16, 2009 at 11:05 PM (CST)
I like the new flexibility for smart playlists, however, they are still missing a feature I want: multiple limits, e.g. 1000 songs with no more than 3 songs per artist.
Posted by beetsnotbeats in Toronto on November 17, 2009 at 7:59 PM (CST)
Somebody's been busy ... well done Jesse!
(minor point, pics 29 & 30 show "Artist Contains" rather than "Genre Contains")
Posted by rockmyplimsoul in Toronto on November 18, 2009 at 4:28 PM (CST)
Smart playlists still aren't working correctly on the iPhone as of OS 3.1.2. Though they look perfectly fine in iTunes, on the iPhone itself, they do not sync in the expected sort order nor will they play in sequence. This has been a bug since OS 3.0 and it's getting beyond ridiculous that Apple hasn't fixed it. The only known solution is to remove the live update checkmark, which really defeats the purpose of smart playlists.
Posted by Jay in Toronto on November 18, 2009 at 4:31 PM (CST)
every thing's on thising page now i mying i pod apple
Posted by marie mecogliano in Toronto on November 19, 2009 at 5:22 PM (CST)
Could someone address the problems associated with trying to add artwork to AIFF files? It doesn't want to work, and apparently hasn't for quite awhile.
Posted by Daniel Foster in Toronto on November 21, 2009 at 7:47 AM (CST)
@#7: Does AIFF even support tagging?
Posted by Galley in Toronto on November 22, 2009 at 10:09 AM (CST)
My gawd, what an article, thanks alot for this, u got the stumbleupon "thumbs up" from me
Posted by Gerry in Toronto on November 22, 2009 at 6:39 PM (CST)
Posted by Gary in Toronto on November 23, 2009 at 11:16 PM (CST)
I had to relaod cpu and lost itunes, ipod etc. Used avcware to restore all songs quite easily but am having a terrible time trying to restore playlists from ipod back to itunes. Any suggestions?? Thanks—by the way your articles are EXTREMLY detailed. Great job!!!
Posted by john jones in Toronto on November 29, 2009 at 10:23 PM (CST)
I am having a problem with one song. It belongs with Martina McBride's Timeless album, yet it shows up on its own with the Timeless album cover. There is no way, I can put this song with the rest of the album I have. I have tried adding the file from the library and it won't take it-I have tried dragging and dropping and copying and pasting but it continues to come up as a single song with it's own cover. Please help! How do I get that single song where it belons? The info is correct on the info tab but no way will it go where it belong!
Posted by Heather Thibodeau in Toronto on January 2, 2010 at 4:46 PM (CST)
Forgive me if I've missed it here, but my biggest annoyance with my iPod comes when, for example, I have an artist that I want an album to be filed under when I scroll through the cover art on my iPod. Let's say it's Elvis Presley, but one song on his album is sung by Ann-Margret. iTunes can group the entire album under Elvis as long as I make him the Sort artist or Album artist, but my iPod will not. It separates the Ann-Margret track on its own so it shows up under A in the alphabet, while the rest of the tracks show up under E. Any help?
Posted by Michael in Toronto on April 12, 2010 at 3:16 PM (CDT)
I should just add to my previous comment/question that I don't want to check off Compilation in this case because then the entire album will show up at the end of my Cover Flow along with various artists albums, instead of with all the other Elvis albums. Many thanks!
Posted by Michael in Toronto on April 12, 2010 at 3:17 PM (CDT)
Wow, when I read "The Complete Guide" in the title I did not know it would be THAT complete.
I do use iTunes since v4 and already knew almost all this information. But it was a pleasure to read your full article, with you explaining everything in a simple yet complete form. Easy to read, easy to digest.
CONGRATULATIONS, I'm a writer also and you made me jealous :)
Posted by Aurelio Jargas in Toronto on July 17, 2010 at 8:53 PM (CDT)
Very impressive write-up. The biggest problem with iTunes, CDDB, etcetera, and music libraries is inconsistency. Inconsistency causes complexity and complexity leads to unusablity and frustration. Portability of music is great; but iTunes has caused my to stop listening to music: I want something simple (like separating my classical and modern/rock CDs, and still being able to search by composer).
How does using the Grouping for classical symphonies affect usability on the iPodTouch or iPhone?
I would very much like to know if you, or any readers, have a suitable method of dealing with Classical music in iTunes, and especially on an iPhone where you have limited sorting / filtering options.
Posted by Robert Altmam in Toronto on October 22, 2011 at 2:07 PM (CDT)
When I sort by Album-sorted-by-artist, albums for which the artist is listed as "Various Artists" appear in one of two places. Most appear at the very end, after any artists whose names start with Z. But some appear alphabetized with the "V"s, as if the artist's first name was "Various."
I can't figure out what controls this. I thought marking them all as compliations would group them together, but that doesn't seem to do that. Anyone know?
Posted by Devon in Toronto on October 25, 2011 at 2:52 PM (CDT)
Are you sure that "...WAV files…do not provide any fields to store tag information"? They support RIFF info tags, I've learned. The problem is that iTunes doesn't read them, or provide any opportunity to edit them.
Posted by jamworks in Toronto on October 26, 2011 at 4:46 AM (CDT)
@17: Devon, the artists which are marked as "Part of a Compilation" will appear in your library sorted by "Album Artist". If this field is "Various Artists" then they'll show up in the "V" section of your library ... if Album Artist is blank they will show up at the bottom of your library.
Posted by rockmyplimsoul in Toronto on October 26, 2011 at 8:12 PM (CDT)
The bulk of my iTunes library is classical music (>25k songs). I've used the Grouping / Composer / Genre fields to manage the music.
First thing I do with any import of CDs purchased (a few thousand) or digital purchases, is to reclass the Genre fields, because the generic 'Classical' doesn't cut it. For example, I have 'Choral', 'Orchestral', 'Organ & Brass', 'Cantatas', 'Klavier', 'Hymns', 'Chamber Orchestra', etc.
For Composers, I delete all non-classical music composers. So for any genres that are not classical, I move the data in the composer field to the 'Comments' field for preservation.
For Grouping, I tag using the following structure: [Composer Last Name]: [Main Title of Work]. Example, I have the complete works of Bach and will have them entered as:
'Bach: BWV 004 - Christ Lag in Todesbanden'
Classical music tagging does take a lot of work but if you're diligent in following your system, it really works well.
Hope this helps.
Posted by Erik in Toronto on December 12, 2011 at 1:51 PM (CST)
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Department of Consumer Protection to Host 2nd Cross-Cultural Symposium
This post is also available in: Portuguese (Brazil), Spanish
"The Role of Ethnic and Traditional Media in Public Outreach and Advocacy," is a statewide one-day symposium for anyone advocating for, or providing services to, vulnerable and underserved populations. The Symposium will provide important insights on working with ethnic media that should be of interest to public policy makers, elected officials, nonprofit and faith-based organizations, and those representing ethnic media. "This year's symposium will address the role ethnic and traditional media play in educating and empowering consumers," said Catherine Blinder, Chief Education and Outreach Officer, "We will examine health care and health insurance literacy, and challenges to civic engagement. We will also look at the changing landscape of media itself and hear how other states have engaged ethnic media to reach and inform underserved populations. Without acknowledging the cultural and language barriers that a growing number of consumers face, we are not doing our best to empower and protect them." "We're working hard in our agency to communicate as effectively as we can with all consumers in the state – not only those who get their information from traditional media channels," added Deputy Commissioner Michelle Seagull, "events like the upcoming symposium make us better at our work, and give us the chance to build relationships with more people who want to be a part of educating and advocating for consumers in the state." This event is open to the public. The full-day symposium will be held at the Connecticut Convention Center on Thursday, January 28th. Registration is free, and those interested can visit www.ct.gov/DCP to register. For more information, please contact Catherine Blinder at email@example.com<mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com> or by calling 860-713-6021.


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A little meteor journeys to Earth. If only he'd met Wall-E!
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