text: UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD BTB312A Preliminary TRIAC 12A TRIACS DESCRIPTION The UTC BTB312A is a 12A triacs which can be operated in 3 quadrants, it uses UTC's advanced technology to provide customers with high commutation performances. The UTC BTB312A is suitable for inductive load switching operations, also can be used in ON/OFF function applications such as induction motor starting circuits, heating regulation, static relays etc. SYMBOL ORDERING INFORMATION Ordering Number Package Lead Free Halogen Free BTB312AL-x-xx-TA3-T BTB312AG-x-xx-TA3-T TO-220 Note: Pin Assignment: MT1: MT1 MT2: MT2 G: Gate Packing Tube SENSITIVITY AND TYPE PART NUMBER BW CW SW TW ◎: Available Pin Assignment 1 2 3 MT1 MT2 G VOLTAGE 600V ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ 800V ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ SENSITIVITY TYPE 50mA 35mA 10mA 5mA SNUBBERLESS SNUBBERLESS LOGIC LEVEL LOGIC LEVEL MARKING www.unisonic.com.tw Copyright © 2016 Unisonic Technologies Co., Ltd 1 of 4 QW-R401-056.c BTB312A Preliminary TRIAC ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS PARAMETER RMS On-State Current (Full Sine Wave) Non Repetitive Surge Peak F=50 Hz On-State Current (Full Cycle, F=60 Hz TJ initial=25°C) TC=90°C t=20ms t=16.7ms SYMBOL IT(RMS) RATINGS 12 UNIT A 120 A ITSM 126 A I2t Value for Fusing tP=10ms I2 t 78 Critical Rate of Rise of On-State Current IG=2xIGT, F=120 Hz TJ=125°C dI/dt 50 tr≤100ns Non Repetitive Surge Peak tP=10ms TJ=25°C VDSM/VRSM VDRM/VRRM+100 Off-State Voltage Peak Gate Current tP=20µs TJ=125°C IGM 4 Average Gate Power Dissipation TJ=125°C PG(AV) 1 Operating Junction Temperature TJ -40~+125 Storage Junction Temperature TSTG -40~+150 Note: Absolute maximum ratings are those values beyond which the device could be permanently damaged. Absolute maximum ratings are stress ratings only and functional device operation is not implied. A/µs V A W °C °C THERMAL RESISTANCES PARAMETER Junction to Ambient Junction to Case (AC) A2s SYMBOL θJA θJC RATINGS 60 1.4 UNIT °C/W °C/W ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TJ =25°C unless otherwise specified) FOR SNUBBERLESS TYPE and LOGIC LEVEL TYPE (3 QUADRANTS TW SW TEST PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP Gate Trigger Current IGT I-II-III 5 VD=12V, (Note 1) RL=30Ω Gate Trigger VGT I-II-III 1.3 Voltage Gate VD=VDRM, Non-Trigger VGD RL=3.3kΩ, I-II-III 0.2 0.2 Voltage TJ=125°C Holding Current IH IT=100mA 10 (Note 2) I-III 10 Latching IL IG=1.2IGT Current II 15 Critical Rate of VD=67%VDRM, Rise of dV/dt Gate Open, Off-State 20 40 Voltage TJ=125°C (Note 2) (dV/dt)c=0.1V/µs, Critical Rate of 3.5 6.5 TJ=125°C Rise of (dI/dt)c (dV/dt)c=10V/µs, Off-State 1 2.9 Voltage at TJ=125°C Commutation Without Snubber (Note 2) TJ=125°C Notes: 1. Minimum IGT is guaranteed at 5% of IGT max. 2. For both polarities of MT2 referenced to MT1. UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD www.unisonic.com.tw CW BW UNIT MAX MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX 10 35 50 mA 1.3 1.3 1.3 V 0.2 0.2 V 15 35 50 mA 25 30 50 60 70 80 mA mA 500 1000 V/μs A/ms 6.5 12 2 of 4 QW-R401-056.c BTB312A Preliminary TRIAC STATIC CHARACTERISTICS PARAMETER Peak On-State Voltage(Note) Threshold Voltage(Note) Dynamic Resistance(Note) SYMBOL TEST CONDITIONS VT ITM=17A, tp=380μs TJ=25°C VTO TJ=125°C RD TJ=125°C IDRM TJ=25°C VDRM=VRRM Repetitive Peak Off-State Current IRRM TJ=125°C Note: 1. Minimum IGT is guaranteed at 5% of IGT max. 2. For both polarities of MT2 referenced to MT1. UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD www.unisonic.com.tw MIN TYP MAX UNIT 1.55 V 0.85 V 35 mΩ 5 μA 1 mA 3 of 4 QW-R401-056.c BTB312A Preliminary TRIAC UTC assumes no responsibility for equipment failures that result from using products at values that exceed, even momentarily, rated values (such as maximum ratings, operating condition ranges, or other parameters) listed in products specifications of any and all UTC products described or contained herein. UTC products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of these products can be reasonably expected to result in personal injury. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed without notice. UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD www.unisonic.com.tw 4 of 4 QW-R401-056.c


text:
WealthCounsel Member Website
Proračun $20000-50000 USD
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become fixed. For the last three weeks he had complained of heat, although he had always complained of cold previously. His voice remained very powerful to the last. Toward the last years of his life, I was told, his spasms had subsided entirely, and his cough had almost en- tirely neased also. His appetite had remained enormous throughout. During the autopsy we noticed nothing that threw spe- cial light on the case. The general emaciation was extreme — so great that it was hard to recognize the body of my very robust patient. The right leg was much shorter than its fellow. The nares, turbinated bodies, pharynx, palate, and other structures exposed were normal, except two points of erosion in the trachea from attrition by the tube. These occupied where can i play online poker for real money in canada portions of the seventh and eighth cartilages. The lungs were healthy, and so were the pleura and the bronchi. There were a very few pleural adhesions. Two darkly pig- mented bronchial glands, of the size of small beanS, were adherent where the left recurrent nerve diverged from the pneumogastric. The specimens were immediately carried to Professor Osier, who carefully dissected them, and examined them macroscopically for me that night, placing selected portions of the structures, with the assistance of Dr. Griffith, in pre- servative fluid for microscopic purposes. The result of the examination, communicated by Dr. Osier and Dr. Griffith, is as follows : Heart. — Of medium size ; left ventricle Hrmly contracted ; mi- tral valve normal ; left auricle contains a small clot adherent to the valve ; wall somewhat hypertrophied ; aortic valve normal. Right auricle contains firm leathery clots adherent to valves; valves of right side normal ; tricuspid orifice a little large. Aorta a little large ; atheromatous patches on the posterior aspect. Left pneumogastric, as it passes over the arch, looks natural. No adhesions. At point of origin of recurrent laryn- geal are two pigmented lymphatic glands, closely adherent to the cardiac and pulmonary branches. Traced in its source upon the windpipe, there is no compression. The nerve has a gray- ish-white natural appearance. The right recurrent is unob- structed in its course. Brain. — Cerebrum removed. Base : vessels of circle natural in appearance. A few Hakes of atheroma on the carotid, Sylvi- an, and basilar arteries. Olfactory nerves normal in size and in appearance. No lymph, no exudation, no matting about the membranes. Optic nerve and commissure grayish-white, small, and atrophic; the tract scarcely visible. Corpora albicantia natural. Third nerve represented by a small grayish-white thread. The crura were then cut close to the pons. Pineal gland large. Third ventricle : Commissures normal. Velum large. Right hemisphere : General surface of the pia normal in ai)- pearance ; vessels not overfilled ; no special turbidity ; no adhe- sions; convolutions full; sulci natural ; no cedema of the mem- branes. Sections of the hemisphere transversely show no focal lesions or degenerations anywhere. No excessive amount of fluid in the ventricles. Left hemisphere: Convolutions and membranes look natural. No adhesions. On slicing, a small triangular cavity, about two free online poker games multiplayer game by four millimetres in extent, is found in the outer section of the lenticular nucleus. Medulla, pons, and cerebellum : These were removed to- gether. Vertebral and basilar arteries normal ; pons symmetrical ; sixth pair of nerves grayish, and look quite atrophic; twelfth pair, opacjue, white; fifth pair, small, grayish, evidently much wasted; seventh and eighth pairs, opaque, white, full in size, look natural ; ninth pair, fibers distinct, clear, grayish white, apparently not atrophic; on the right side they look somewhat larger and more abundant than on the left. Eleventh pair, opaque, white, apparently of normal size. Anterior pyramids : No obvious change apparent. At its lower part, the right is decidedly smaller than the left. Right olivary body mai'kedly smaller in size than the left ; it has lost its fullness, not standing out with anything like the prominence of the left. Arachnoid on the posterior aspect of the medulla is thin and clear. Fourth ventricle exposed : Pia mater a little adherent and thickened beneath the cerebellum. In the lower aspect of the floor, just in front of the calamus, there appears to be a grayish translucency, with two distinct online poker us players welcome conical or linear depressions just within the restiform bodies. The root-fibers of the seventh are distinct, more online poker real money usa legal mac so on the right thau on the left side. The left restiform body does not look so full in its upper part as the rfght does. Microscopic Examination. — Sections were made
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from best free online multiplayer poker both recurrent nerves shortly after their departure from the pneumo- gastrics. Also from several portions of the pneumogastrics, in- cluding the vago-accessory nucleus, within one fourth of an inch of the calamus, from various parts of the medulla, and from the cervical cord a short distance below the calamus. All these were stained after the poker online usa mac method of Weigert, so admirably adapted to the revealing of any degeneration of
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nervous tissue. No pathological change whatever was discovered in the medulla. The olivary bodies were microscopically alike on the two sides. No pathological change was discovered in the left pneumogas- tric or in the left recurrent. In the right pneumogastric, on the other hand, a diminution in the number of nerve fibrils was evi- dent. In the right online poker sites us friendly mac recurrent, near to the point where it leaves the pneumogastric, this degeneration of nerve fibrils was very marked. Certain sections from this portion showed some of the funiculi to be of perfectly healthy appearance, and others ad- joining them to be completely degenerated. Other sections, made slightly higher in the course of the nerve, i-evealed one half of a large funiculus to be entirely normal, while the other half contained scarcely a single fibril in which degeneration had not taken place. The line of demai-kation between the normal and the att'ected portions' was very sharply defined. The cer- vical cord, with the exception of the postero-median columns, was
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unaflected. The regions referred to exhibited some slight 116 SCHUYLER: A NEW TRAPPING-FIXTURE. [N. Y. Med. Jock., degeneration of axis cylinders with ttiickening of connective tissue. The Larynx. — The posterior crico-arytenoiJ muscles of both sides were wasted to a certain extent. That of the left side, especially, showed a degeneration of many of the muscular fibers, with a decrease
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in their numbers, and an increase in the amount of fibrous tissue of the parts. The oblique fibers of the arytenoideus going from the base of the left cartilage to the tip of the right were also wasted. The remaining muscles were ap- parently normal. Tlie larynx herewith exhibited shows the muscular atro- phies just mentioned. It will be noticed, likewise, that the vocal bands are not in the cadaveric position, but that they
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University of Central Oklahoma
College of Mathematics and Science
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The College of Mathematics and Science is excited to have the first Journal published. Please click here to view an online version.
Submissions: Authors must be undergraduates or recent graduates of the University of Central Oklahoma and/or associated with research at the University of Central Oklahoma.
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Founded in 1977 by Ayres T. D'Souza, M.D., M.P.H., Pediatric Associates of Greater Salem, Inc. (PAGS) is an independent pediatric group. Our board certified physicians are here to provide your children and adolescents with high quality healthcare every day of the year. We provide general and preventative care to all patients, including those with special and chronic needs.
Medical care at PAGS begins with each patient's Primary Health Care Team. Each team is directed by a Pediatrician and consists of Nurse Practitioners, Nurses, Medical Assistants, and Administrative Assistants. During regular office hours, patients are always under the care of the same team, or "Medical Home." This team approach ensures that every patient receives the most personalized, evidence-based, coordinated care available.


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Disciplinary action has been taken against a number of South Hadley High School students responsible for the bullying of 15-year-old Irish girl, Phoebe Prince, who subsequently took her own life in mid January.
Superintendent of the South Hadley high schools, Gus Sayer, said that although "we're not going to say what happened to each student because we never talk about the discipline that is given to students," the school has taken disciplinary action against a small number of students who will not be permitted to return to the high school again.
When asked if they had been expelled, Sayer said, "That's part of their personal, private record."
Prince, who was discovered hanging in her home in South Hadley on January 14 by her sister, had moved to the U.S. from Co. Galway with her family last September. She was bullied for several weeks before her death in school, via text and online messages.
Sayer, who has been inundated with calls and attended several meetings in response to Phoebe's suicide, allegedly from the bullying inflicted on her, said his department has taken the matter very seriously.
"We've taken it to that highest level, and we can tell you that the students are no longer in school."
An anti-bullying task force will meet at the high school tonight to discuss ways to prevent further bullying from affecting the students there.
The task force is made up to teachers, students, parents, administrators, school board members and community members.
Sayer said the task force would review "all practices and policies with respect to bullying and hopefully generate some ideas about what we might do in the future that would be more thorough."
Investigators in South Hadley are conducting a separate investigation into Prince's death.


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CLASH Blog: Professor Mathew Priest (04/17/12)
April 17, 2012 · Print This Article
Today's lesson ladies and gentlemen will evolve around the word inaugural. The word inaugural has a definition as the marking of the beginning of. The inaugural word in this internet article is Today's. I made my inaugural appearance several weeks back for the professional wrestling league known as CLASH Wrestling. The directorates contacted me and asked before my next advent to compose several paragraphs so asthmatic simpletons can get a better understanding of who I am. This is insulting to my countenance as I've already stated that I am a man of class, cunning and confidence. I am a proponent in studying the human anatomy. I spend hours cogitating the make up of bones, joints, tissues, tendons, muscles, ligaments, nerves, organs, and cartilage. I need not explain more.
Plebeians, as you translate my scribing and comprehend the education you receive in my mere presence, please do not ask me to repeat myself. I am a very busy man teaching the complexity of the human anatomy to those in search of education. Inquisitive minds are rare to come by. Two hundred and six bones make up their skeletal frame but the organ between their ears, known as the brain is what controls those bones. The brain is the most impressive organ as it allows you the ability to understand and reason.
For example; acumen suggests that keenness relates to a person's mind, whereas acuity suggests that it relates to a person's performance; acumen is something that a person has, whereas acuity is something that a person displays. My acuity is my vast knowledge of the lynchpin to a walking being is in either of their bipedal stabilizers. Twenty six bones and thirty joints make up the human foot. That is thirty joints that can be manipulated. The Achilles heel is adjacent to my discovery of the lynchpin in anatomy and shock absorbers in the makeup of the plantar area are perceived most vulnerable in my findings. While one hundred and twenty three known ligaments are contained under the flesh and run through one's metacarpal bones my colleague Mr. Mattson did sustain damage to that area. If a surgery was performed, anywhere from eight to twenty seven of those ligaments could've been severed upon entry. What an amazing thing the hand is and allows one to do. You can write, draw, feed, build, type and tear.
Observers my World Wide Web notepad is upon conclusion as someone you are very familiar with has summoned me for more knowledge. I cannot divulge anymore information at this time. If you are not studying hard, you are not studying at all.
Professor Mathew Priest


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These photos are previews/teasers (these photos are not the best ones from the shoots) for a couple upcoming posts from some sporting events I've covered in central Oregon. I'll be posting soon, so check back!This shot is from an amateur roller hockey tournament in Bend.
A freestyle scooter competition…. intense.A mud volleyball tournament in Terrebonne, ORAn adventure race on a ranch in Redmond, OR, complete with a water stop with beer and whiskey!More sportraits, sort of… a shoot for a story about this pair who ran from downtown Bend to the summit of Mt. Bachelor.


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Bourjois 24H Color Edition Cream to Powder Eyeshadow in 02 Or desir (£6.99) - Boots
When I was prowling the stands of Boots, like I usually do, I came across Bourjois 24H Color Edition Cream to Powder eyeshadow. Now, I remember a few bloggers talking about this but it's kind of been a mixed boat of reviews. Well, I wanted to give my pennies worth, and it's a bit so-so. This shade is one that I wear everyday because of my brown/hazel eyes, it suits the colour of my eyes really well but this one its own is really quite disappointing. It doesn't translate well to the lids at all (the swatch on my hand is after A LOT of swatching) but it does have a saving grace. This makes a beautiful primer for my everyday eye makeup which really does come in handy for myself but if you don't I wouldn't waste your £6.99 on this shade, or the range at all.
Have you tried this product? What did you think?


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- Home
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Water Conditions - Creeks
Click on the site name or image for more details.
Are you interested in learning more about Henry W. Coe State Park and sharing your knowledge with park visitors? How about helping out with annual events or maintenance of springs and trails? If so, visit our Volunteer page.
Thank you! We rely on your generous support.


text:
Mark your calendars Rip City
Portland Trail Blazers fans can officially start planning their 2012-13 NBA season.
The NBA schedule was released Thursday and the Blazers have a number of marquee matchups that should help set the tone and evaluate where the team truly is at certain points next year.
With so many new faces on the team's current roster, anticipation is high, and the season can't come any sooner for true Blazermaniacs.
Here is a look at the top five games on the Trail Blazers' schedule next season:
October 31 vs. Los Angeles Lakers
The storylines surrounding the opening-night Halloween game are fantastic.
An up-and-coming squad versus a team of veterans, the rookie point guard versus the future Hall of Famer—who many fans wanted in Rip City—and of course the fact that Kobe Bryant and the Los Angeles Lakers have historically had trouble winning in Portland.
The first game of the season is going to be a big test for the Trail Blazers, and it's going to be a quick reality check for the young players on the roster.
The Beat L.A. paraphernalia will be out in full swing heading into this game, but if Dwight Howard somehow lands in Los Angeles before the start of the year, fans just might lose it with anticipation leading up to the new season.
November 8 vs. Los Angeles Clippers
The Nov. 8 game versus the Los Angeles Clippers will be the first time that national audience gets a look at Damian Lillard, the sixth overall pick in the NBA draft.
Damian Lillard will be facing off against arguably the league's best floor general in Chris Paul, and the team will be taking on the former organization that general manager Neil Olshey spurned to join the Trail Blazers.
The Blazers open the season with a brutal stretch of playoff-caliber opponents, which should ultimately influence fans' expectations one way or the other.
November 23 vs. Minnesota Timberwolves
Circle Nov. 23 on your calendar; Brandon Roy is coming home.
Of course, Brandon Roy will be returning to the Rose Garden as a member of the Minnesota Timberwolves, but the three-time All-Star will be more than welcome as he makes his return to the place where he began his career.
Roy will undoubtedly receive a standing ovation and be showered with love the first time his name is called as an opponent.
That being said, it's going to be one of the more emotionally conflicting performances in Rip City all season, especially if he torches his former team the way he used to do to so many others.
Saying goodbye to Roy is going to be tough, but having retired so abruptly last offseason, this will be the first real time fans may feel any closure, as they officially sever ties with their one-time face of the franchise.
February 19 vs. Phoenix Suns
In the first contest following the 2013 NBA All-Star game, the Trail Blazers will take on another rebuilding Western Conference opponent in the Phoenix Suns.
This game won't grab as many eyeballs as the nationally televised game against the Miami Heat—or any of the other games on this list—but this could prove to be a matchup of two teams fighting for the same playoff spot come April.
Expect some growing pains from this young team next year, but expect the head coach—whoever he may be—to rally the troops and get his guys focused as they make a run at the postseason.
April 12 vs. Oklahoma City Thunder
The Portland Trail Blazers have another difficult stretch as they close out the 2012-13 season, and the Oklahoma City Thunder are one team who could prevent them from making the playoff push they're hoping to make.
As a division rival, any game against the Thunder is crucial, but don't expect the Blazers to be competing for a spot atop the West next season.
However, a big-time win against a top-notch team could be the momentum the Blazers need if they're going to make any noise in the playoffs.
At this point in the year, Lillard will have nearly his entire rookie campaign under his belt, and seeing how he plays against one of his biggest comparisons—Russell Westbrook—will be a good way of evaluating how far he's come since day one.


text:
(18.104.22.168) 2019-02-16:10:38:21
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25 Newest Bedrooms That We Are In Love With: Interior Design Ideas
25 Newest Bedrooms That We Are In Love With
Posted: 19 Jun 2014 08:13 AM PDT
Oh designers, what would we do without you? Before we stopped drooling over these 20 gorgeous bedrooms, you have churned out another set that sent us back to dreamland. It is a privilege watching over your work and seeing such creativity on a daily basis. Our kudos to the architectural visualization community!
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It was the idea of our sweet friends Bev from Happy Dance and Darnell from djkardkreations. Thank you so much for organizing this surprise party! Apparently Anita's birthday was on February 18th but we found out too late so Bev and Darnell decided to hold the party a month later. Hopefully Anita will accept belated birthday wishes and cards! ;)
To honor you, Anita, I wanted to CASE one of your cards. There are so many that inspire me but for today I picked this one:


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First of all, a very belated happy new year to everyone! Secondly, very very sorry for the lack of blogging over the last few weeks. Exams and a short-term mission trip to the Philippines took up most of my time, and I'm leaving for Hong Kong in a few days! But no fear, there will be delicious updates now and again from the city that never sleeps.
On to Gin Long! After seeing its constant presence on Urbanspoon's hit list, it was hard for me not to come and see what all the fuss was about. Funky and fusion were the first two words that came to mind - the interior is not your standard Asian round table and table cloth fare, and it has that new-to-town buzz.
The menu is a mix of Thai and Vietnamese flavours, and they have 'eat small' and 'eat big' options. We opted for a variety of small dishes - who said less is more?
|Prawn Toast with lime mayonnaise: $8.00
Thick, crunchy and surprisingly well-matched with the mayonnaise, I found the toast to be one of my favourites of the night. There was plenty of prawn mixture on top of the bread and the mayonnaise was tart but creamy at the same time. It did leave an oily aftertaste so those who don't like oily stuff, beware.
|Vietnamese Coleslaw with sesame cracker and chili vinegar: $8.00
|Crispy Quail: $12.00
If the coleslaw was big for it's price, the quail was teeny in comparison. Two legs for $12.00? Hmm.... Luckily it tasted pretty yum with soft, sweet meat and crispy skin.
|Nem Nuong Grilled Pork: $9.50
I'm used to seeing nem nuong being a dark pink-red, so when these came out I was a little sceptical. They were deliciously moist and flavoursome, but it was missing the sweetness that I normally associate with nem nuong. DIY cold roll making is always fun though, and they have the sugar can prawn option as well. Next time!
Food-wise it was pretty yum. The flavours are, as far as I can tell, authentic, (I'm not Vietnamese or Thai) and from what I saw coming out of the open kitchen, their portions are reasonably well-sized for their price. Service was also pretty attentive with the same waiter serving us throughout the night, topping up water and checking in on us without being nosy.
One complaint I do have was the lack of air-conditioning in the restaurant. We went on a 45-degree day and by the time we finished our meal, we were sweating in our chairs. Not a great impression.


text: This tattoo throws a vintage vibe on the Native American culture. A woman looks off into the distance with passion in her eyes, red lips pursed in defiance. On her head is a massive headdress filled with black and white feathers tipped in a deep red. A lock of black hair tumbles free by her ear, curling exquisitely.


text: In May 2011, uncollected rubbish piled up in Naples, Italy. Sweden hopes Italy might be willing to export the problem. AFP/AFP/Getty Images hide caption toggle caption AFP/AFP/Getty Images The Two-Way Sweden Wants Your Trash October 28, 2012 Move over Abba, Sweden has found new fame. The small Nordic country is breaking records — in waste. Sweden's program of generating energy from garbage is wildly successful, but recently its success has also generated a surprising issue: There is simply not enough trash.


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1. Feature: The pure silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of them can be woven into textiles. The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons made by the larvae of the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori reared in sericulture.The shimmering and smooth appearance for which silk is prized comes from the fibers' triangular prism-like structure which allows silk cloth to reflect incoming light at different angles.(Tips:In order to maintain the adventage of pure silk fibrin ,please using warm water and mild scour to knead when washing.Never insulate under the sun or high temperature,and iron when dried.)
2. Material: 100% Natural pure silk
3. Size: About 65*65cm
4. Shape: Square
5. Craft:Digital Printed
6. Design:Painting Lotus;
. Style:Woman and Man;
8. Season: Spring/Summer/Autumn/Winter;
9. Hemming:Machine hemmed;
10. Delivery by DHL, TNT, EMS etc, delivery time is 3~15 days.
How to Tie a Scarf:
Follows are some of the fundamental and fashionable scarf folds which are usefull on how to tie a scarf.
Pattern 1:
To start the basic folds, you will need a square shaped scarf and roll the scarf from one side to about the middle of the scarf. Bring the side of the scarf that you are rolling towards the other and completely roll the scarf towards the ending. The final product should look like the rolled scarf, a hotdog or logroll if you will.
Pattern 2:
Fold one corner of the scarf towards the middle so that the scarf should look like a pentagon. Get the other opposite end of the scarf and fold it towards the middle, over the first fold to form an elongated hexagon.Pull the oblong scarf through belt loops and secure the sides securely.
Pattern 3:
Firstly,you will need a square shaped scarf and fold the scarf in the middle to form a triangle. Hold the pointed end and roll it towards the center of the folded scarf then roll the other end towards the rolled portion. Completely roll the scarf to look like a hotdog whose ends are tapered.
Certainly,you can also tie it just as it is that is just random,casual and sometimes maybe it will the Natural beauty and can be make you the trendy of fashion.


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Hello, my dear crafty friends, happy Monday! I am so happy that you are back. This week, let's add some texture on your project! Join us at Simon Says Stamp Monday Challenge and create something with any texture you like.
I created some texture on this mixed media tag using Prima Flowers Modeling Paste and Faber-Castell White Gesso.
Simon Says Stamp is giving away a $50 gift voucher that will go to a random entry chosen by Random Generator. So please join us for this week's challenge at Simon Says Stamp Monday Challenge. You might also be on our Friday Designer Spotlight.
You have until Monday 8am Ohio time. 1pm UK time, 2 pm CET to join in. Have fun!


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Tax planning should be a core consideration during any form of property investment. The tax system in Thailand has many foibles - this section is designed to offer a general guideline in principle to the Thai property tax system.
Those living outside their home country may be currently free of the burdens of taxation, but future changes in personal circumstances may mean that tax could once again become payable, whether or not they plan to return "home".
We strongly advise that all clients speak with our independent tax advice partners regarding their individual case.
Stamp duty of 0.5% and transfer fees of 2% have, for now, been waived for the short term as the government entices buyers to the market.
Business tax of 3.3 % (levied against a vendor who has been in registered possession of the property less than 5 years) is also charged, along with income tax (similar to capital gains tax) at a variable rate.
Capital Gains Tax as such is not payable in Thailand, unlike many other countries.
This is usually between 1.0 and 3.0% on property and is the comparable replacement to capital gains tax. There are no established rules regarding who pays the income tax while this is simply another part of the bargaining process during purchase, as are all other costs relating to the transfer of ownership.
This is an annual tax levied on land ownership. The amount is often so small that in practice the body charged to collect it rarely bothers to do so. When they do collect it, it is usually after several years when the amount has accumulated.
This only applies to commercially used properties. The rate is 12.5% on the actual or assessed gross rental value of the property. However, this notional value is well below the commercial market rental value.
If the property is purchased through a company, you need to remember that corporate tax is higher than personal tax, and the cost of setting up the company must be considered as part of the initial investment.
This tax is charged at between 10 and 30% of the rental income, depending on the type of property leased.
No inheritance tax is charged in Thailand for all family members.
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A person should never ignore or treat lightly the slightest sign that there could be a problem with their car's transmission. Such signs are clear indications there your vehicle's transmission needs immediate attention.
For many car owners, however, the transmission is one of the most intimidating parts of the car. It is naturally scary to people who lack automotive experience because they know if the transmission in their car goes out that first, their car won't move, and, second, repairing or replacing it will probably bust their budget. Instead, they choose to ignore the warning signs.
Of course, to people who are automotive experts or are exceptionally adept with cars, transmissions seem to be an area that is only slightly problematic. For amateurs, however, anything concerning their car's transmission can be absolutely bewildering to them.


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Introduction to Computational Resources at NCSA
Seid Koric
This short talk will give an overview of NCSA's current and future computational resources with the emphasis on industrial projects and applications.
The Blue Waters System
Robert Fiedler
The Blue Waters sustained petascale system will be described, including details on the POWER7 processor, the interconnection network, the file system, the external network, and the software stack.
XL Compilers and Optimizations
Gabriel Mateescu
This talk will describe how to use the IBM XL Fortran and C compilers to optimize and tune the generated code. The available optimization levels and the optimizations performed will be described, together with the additional options available for tuning the optimization process to the characteristics of the application and of the target system. The effectof tuning on performance will be illustrated with examples. Profile directed feedback and simultaneous multithreading will also be discussed.
Performance Tools for the IBM POWER7
Galen Arnold, Greg Bauer
This presentation will provide an overview of application performance and current performance tools available to users on Linux on POWER7. As HPC technologies evolve, the need for tools to characterize and improve performance remains constant. These tools provide information on application performance from the single core up to the 10,000s of tightly coupled tasks. After a survey of the familiar and not so familar, IBM POWER-specific tools will be highlighted.
Using Computational Libraries to Accelerate Applications on Blue Waters
Brett Bode
Using Computational Libraries to Accelerate Applications on Blue Waters. A description of the computational and I/O libraries that will be available on the Blue Waters petascale system.
Enablers: Manufacturing and High Performance Computing
Paul Fussell
Manufacturing has the possibility of using high-performance computing to great effect. While relative HPCfast, big computers relative to their timeshave been a part of manufacturing for at least three decades, amazing new levels of capability are becoming excitingly visible. That new capability, though, is through the agency of massively parallel machines. While we have leadership-class computers at the cutting-edge of performance, and we have important and complex application needs, we are missing a key enabler: advanced software expressing the application solutions. How do we easily create leadership software that properly taxes the capability of the machine, producing verifiably accurate solutions? What is needed to close the software gap? Some thoughts to this challenge are the focus of this talk.
Caterpillar Virtual Product Development & HPC
Keven Hofstetter
The use of high-performance computing for modeling and simulation will continue to grow as a key driver in product development. The motivation for HPC modeling and simulation will be presented followed by real examples of applications and a potential vision for the future.
State of the Union: Modeling and Simulation
Cynthia McIntyre
Structural barriers and market failures have limited the rate of adoption and further use of high-performance computing by the U. S. manufacturing sector. In particular, penetration of HPC modeling and simulation into small and medium size U. S. manufacturers is hindered by the investment of human capital and finance required to create greater productivity and sustainability through this methodology. A national strategy and implementation must be created to support manufacturing innovation through modeling and simulation for global competitiveness. This imperative can only be achieved through federal investment and national coordinated effort. The Council on Competitiveness over the past 16 months, through the HPC & U. S. Manufacturing Working Group, advanced this strategy to the Obama administration. What is the State of the Union?
HPC Technology Leadership: An ISV Perspective
Barbara Hutchings
This presentation will highlight the strategic focus on HPC at ANSYS, with special emphasis on the potential to leverage connections between government, academic, and commercial stakeholders.
Data Integration Challenges and Solutions
Barbara Minsker
Emerging sensing and information technology are rapidly creating a new paradigm for fusing data from multiple sensors and information sources to adaptively guide real-time observation and decision making. This talk will provide an overview of emerging technologies and case studies in the sustainability arena. An advanced information system for real-time decision making will be presented as an example of cyberinfrastructure that enables easier implementation of numerous real-time applications. Recent research findings on the use of machine learning for automating anomaly detection in real-time sensor data and fusing multiple data sources will also be highlighted.
Building a Successful Partner Ecosystem for HPC
Todd Needham
Microsoft is building an HPC partner ecosystem that includes ISVs, open-source software, systems integrators and OEMs. This talk will focus on their work and strategy regarding commercial and open source applications, codes, libraries and tools for HPC.
GPUs in High-Performance Computing: Closing the Software Gap
Wen-Mei Hwu
Modern GPUs, such as the NVIDIA GTX285 and ATI Radeon HD 5870, are massively parallel, many-core compute engines. According to the semiconductor industry scaling roadmap, these compute engines could scale up to 10,000x the peak performance of a circa-2007 microprocessor core by the end of 2016. Such a dramatic increase in computation power will likely trigger multiple major science discoveries as well as revolutions in consumer applications. We are experiencing a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity in our profession. However, the programming and code optimization models of GPU computing are quite different from those of parallel systems based on traditional CPUs. Hwu will describe the recent progress by the HPC community in building GPU-based clusters, enhanced software stacks, educational materials, and porting applications to close the software gap for current and future GPU computing platforms.
Petascale Software Issues
William Gropp
Making effective use of parallel systems requires careful attention to the many aspects of application design. This talk will review the software issues in building petascale applications and will discuss which are common to smaller-scale systems and which are (nearly) unique to petascale systems such as Blue Waters. Approaches to address these issues include new programming models such as UPC and the CoArray features in Fortran 2008, as well as more established techniques such as the use of tuned computational science libraries. The use of performance modeling to guide software tuning will also be covered. Approaches to parallel I/O, often left to the end (and hence the weak link in parallel applications) will also be discussed.
IBM HPC for a Smarter Planet
Ed Seminaro
The recently announced IBM POWER7 server portfolio will be reviewed at a high level, with an emphasis on the High Performance POWER7 system that is targeted for use in the NCSA Blue Waters project. The highly integrated design of this product will be discussed, along with the close integration of this product into the National Petascale Computing Facility.


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AeroAstro Magazine Highlight
The following article appears in the 2008–2009 issue of AeroAstro, the annual report/magazine of the MIT Aeronautics and Astronautics Department. © 2009 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Celebrating the life of Robert C. Seamans Jr.
By Louis Padulo
(Editor's note: As part of the Giant Leaps celebration of the 40th anniversary of the moon landing, AeroAstro hosted a memorial gathering to celebrate the life and accomplishments of Robert C. Seamans Jr., one of the principal architects of the Apollo Program. Seamans, a former professor of aeronautics and astronautics and dean of engineering at MIT passed away in 2008. He also served as deputy and then acting administrator of NASA, president of the National Academy of Engineering, Secretary of the Air Force, and he was the first administrator of the Energy Research and Development Administration, the precursor to todays Department of Energy.)
At the start of AeroAstro's memorial for Bob, AeroAstro Department head Ian Waitz said, "More than a year ago we started planning these events and we assumed that Bob Seamans would be an important part of the events, and we expect he would have very much enjoyed being part of the events. And when he passed away, we felt the best way to keep him as a very important part of the event was to join these celebrations with a commemoration of his life."
I always knew that Bob Seamans had a lot of friends. I was proud to be one of them, having worked for Bob at RCA — three years before becoming his son-in-law. I also knew that Bob had a host of professional contacts and quite a few organizations whose "causes" he encouraged and supported. When Bob died last summer, and his wife and five children planned funeral arrangements, my job was to notify friends and contacts of his passing and tell them about the church service on July 2nd. I sat in Bob's study and, using his lists and directories, emailed all his contacts for whom I could find addresses. Recognizing that many friends might be away for the 4th of July or summer holidays, I mentioned that the family hoped to celebrate Bob Seamans' extraordinary life and accomplishments along with his professional and civic colleagues on some future occasion.
Well, I never got as much email in my life as I did in response to that message. In addition to the outpouring of condolences and the overflow crowd that made it to St. John's church in Beverly Farms, Massachusetts, there quickly developed a queue of institutions and organizations offering to host such a Seamans celebration. The common thread in these invitations was: "We'd like to host the ceremony honoring Bob — he loved and helped us a lot, and we loved him."
Had Bob Seamans still been with us, he would have continued to mentor and support all those organizations he cared for, but he would have really gotten his juices flowing by working with the MIT AeroAstro Department to organize a symposium celebrating the Apollo Program and contemplating "next steps" for the future. One of the principal architects of Apollo, Bob would have been a key speaker and panelist in that symposium and would have enjoyed himself immensely, reminiscing with peers and colleagues and helping chart a course for the next generation of students, faculty and citizens.
Thus, when Ed Crawley and Ian Waitz proposed that AeroAstro would honor Bob with a special commemoration ceremony as part of the "Giant Leaps" Symposium, the Seamans family was thrilled to accept. Of all the organizations so dear to Bob, none were dearer than AeroAstro and MIT. As Ed and Ian pointed out, Bob was a student there, met and worked with Doc Draper, became a professor and a Dean of Engineering (a high calling) at MIT, before, between, and after his RCA, NASA, Air Force, ERDA, and National Academy of Engineering appointments.
Generously, MIT's AeroAstro Department offered to not only host the Seamans celebration, but to invite Bob Seamans' "significant other" organizations to participate and contribute to it as well. Many of those organizations did participate and shared their perspectives on Bob and his life. So did a number of AeroAstro graduate students who read passages they selected from Bob's charming autobiography "Aiming at Targets." A video produced by the department permitted some participants unable to attend in person to reflect on aspects of Bob Seamans' contributions. Several people at the ceremony spoke from the floor microphones and, before we knew it, it was over. A raucous, joyous, jazz band led us all, New Orleans style, to a reception and informal mingling of relatives, colleagues and symposium attendees.
On behalf of all those organizations and people with whom AeroAstro shared the occasion, Gene Seamans and her family thank Bob's MIT family for making the ceremony such a memorable celebration of a life well lived.
Louis Padulo, President Emeritus of Philadelphia's University City Science Center, was invited by AeroAstro to help organize and MC the Robert Seamans commemoration. Louis earned his Ph.D. (in EE) at Georgia Tech under B.J. Dasher, an MIT contemporary of Bob's, was an engineering professor at Stanford; served as engineering dean at Boston University while Bob was dean at MIT; and was president of University of Alabama in Huntsville. He is an adjunct professor at Penn State and Princeton where he teaches product design.
Following are excerpts of the many accolades, remembrances, and thoughts about Bob Seamans delivered by his friends, family and colleagues at the Seamans Memorial event.
Dick Batten, Apollo guidance, navigation, and control director; AeroAstro senior lecturer
1951 was an important year. It was ten years before the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory would be chosen for the Apollo guidance system. 1951 the Whirlwind computer, which was MIT's project, had a little over 1,000 words of memory and it consumed so much power that before you could turn it on you had to call the electric utility because it was going to be a big drop. Ten years later we built computers that could fly to the moon. Also in 1951, Bob Seamans became Doctor of Science. He had worked with Doc Draper from 1940 and modestly 1951 was when Richard Batten received a Ph.D. in applied mathematics.
Much later, when Bob was a senior lecturer at MIT, he helped me with some freshmen seminars. He would call me up and say, "I'd like to be on your seminar." And he was so attractive to these young teenagers and he was willing to talk to them well into the early evening. Last winter, while he was in failing health, he drove in on a cold and blustery day to my winter lecture on MIT and Apollo. As he said, it was to keep me honest! The world has lost a giant. And he will always be remembered as such.
Charles Vest, MIT president emeritus and National Academy of Engineering president (via video)
One of the most amazing things that ever happened to me in my life was I spent a long evening over dinner in the outskirts of Houston with Bob Seamans. And Bob began to reminisce in great detail about the Apollo program, how did it come about, how he experienced it, what it meant, how people reacted. He told me things that just have stuck with me ever since. One was that President Kennedy had been convinced that he should go before the Congress and the American people and announce that America needed to send a man to Mars and back before the decade was out. Bob told me the story of working three days and nights trying to put together, clearly and succinctly, the case for the president that we cannot hit that goal. We need to go to the moon. I've just never forgotten that because suppose that the president had gotten up in this inspirational speech and set a goal that was not only audacious but couldn't be accomplished. The goal had to be right and Bob played a very major role in doing that.
Larry Young, MIT AeroAstro Apollo Program Professor
Bob made countless crucial leadership decisions, which benefited our country in space, in the military, in energy and then back at MIT as well. What was it that made (Bob) so effective? He had an engineer's viewpoint towards solving tough problems. He was doing systems engineering before it became a buzzword. He had the ability to concentrate on finding the solution rather than argue about the pros and cons of competing approaches. And he was willing to listen, listen to unpopular or even eccentric opinions and form his independent conclusions. A prime example is his treatment and finally adoption of the concept of landing on the moon using lunar orbit rendezvous.
The risky, yet energy efficient way to go involved landing a small craft on the moon while keeping the larger return vehicle in lunar orbit. But this involved the single point failure risk of a botched rendezvous. In his wonderful, informal discussions with our class, and again in his book, Bob relates how he understood the criticality of making the rendezvous in far off lunar orbit, but based upon his experiences with Doc Draper and the gunsight development during the war, which also involved having two objects moving quite fast and meeting exactly at a distance, he was sure the lunar orbit rendezvous could be pulled off. And Bob was crucial in bringing NASA to that decision.
George Mueller, CEO of Kistler Aerospace and former Office of Manned Space Flight associate administrator
I was head of the Office of Manned Spaceflight, reporting to Bob. His first assignment was to ask me to review the program and the schedule as he was afraid that we would not be able to meet President Kennedy's goal of a manned lunar landing and return within the decade, without some fundamental changes. I did a thorough review and he was indeed correct. We needed to make some dramatic changes. One change was he introduced the concept of all-up testing. That is to flight test the very first vehicle with all three stages and the two payload stages assembled and active. This was a radical departure from the practice of Marshall and of Houston and met a sizeable resistance. And the very next management meeting in Huntsville, Arthur Rudolph cornered Bob by the models of the Saturn V and the Jupiter and asked him how could one possibly test all the huge stages of Saturn V at the first firing? Bob said, "Talk to George." Arthur went on to try the same argument on me. I simply said, "Why not?" And of course I had to back that up with some thorough and logical details of exactly how we should proceed. With Bob on board I must say all three centers embraced the concept, and best of all, it worked!
Edward F. Crawley, Ford Professor of Engineering, AeroAstro Department
(Speaking of lessons he learned from Bob Seamans) Should we rendezvous in low earth orbit or not? (Bob) explained very carefully how he had much earlier than anyone thought at the time, come to the conclusion that LOR was the right answer. But that he did not think that he could impose that decision on the organization. He hired Joe Shay to go to the manned spaceflight center and convince the organization that this was the right thing to do. Lesson: Don't force your decision on an organization even if you're a boss.
He told me of the meeting that he had at the White House when the decision about LOR actually went to the President and in the room were Jack Kennedy, Jerome Weisner, and Bob in the Oval Office. The president looked at Jerry Weisner and said, "Well, Jerry what do you think?" The scientific community was still backing the so-called direct or Von Braun approach in which one capsule would go all the way to the surface of the moon. And Jerry again argued for that approach. And Jack Kennedy turned to Jerry and said, "We should really listen to the people from NASA because they're the people who are going not have to do this and who knows Jerry, you and I may not be around to see it." Lesson: Make sure you listen very carefully to the people who have to execute the work before making a decision.
When the results of (NASA's Exploration Systems Architecture Study started coming out in 2005, this generation's version of the LOR debate, Bob was brought in by NASA to be a graybeard and by coincidence he and Aaron Cohen were at the faculty lunch one Wednesday when the report was actually issued. And we hurried back up to my office, downloaded it from on line and found that it looked much like Apollo. Aaron looked at and said, "You know what they're going to learn from this Bob? Just how hard it is to go to the moon." And Bob looked at Aaron and said, "And just how lucky we were."
Neil Armstrong, former astronaut and University of Cincinnati aerospace professor
Bob, the consummate engineer, tended to state the facts. And he soon learned that this was rather uncommon in Washington.
President Kennedy had noticed the remarkable impact (of the first U.S. manned spaceflight) on the public, both here and abroad. And it was confirmation that NASA could be depended upon. And Bob Seamans was dedicated to making the U.S. preeminent in space. He strengthened his organization. He found ways of attracting superior people to join the effort. He worked with the bureau of the budget and the president and the Congress to strengthen the budgets. Bob was genuinely interested in detail, in addition to getting a cockpit check in Mercury from John Glenn and talking with John Hubolt about lunar orbit rendezvous, he actually rode with me in the Gemini orbital docking simulator to understand the details of how it could really work. That engineer in him would not allow him to manage without understanding those details.
Sheila Widnall, MIT Institute Professor
One thing that Bob and I shared was our attachment to another flag, the flag of the Secretary of the Air Force. When I was offered the position of Secretary of the Air Force, I was wind surfing in Aruba. And I came into the board shop dripping wet to make two phone calls. One was to Chuck Vest and one was to Bob Seamans. Bob was very encouraging and said that I would be great and that it would be great fun and that I should definitely take the job.
After two years (as Air Force secretary), Seamans informed Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird that he wished to extend his tour to complete or initiate several projects. He wanted to place the C-5 contract with Lockheed on a sound basis. He wanted to resolve the F-111 cost and technical difficulties. He wanted to move new programs such as the F-15, the B-1, the AWACS, and the AX and the F-5E to the point where the Air Force could be confident in its policy of "fly before buy." And he wanted to improve military and civilian personnel policies. However he stated that his willingness to stay with DOD depended on the administration's determination to terminate US activities in Southeast Asia. President Nixon credited Seamans with keeping the Air Force modernization program cost so very close to projected estimates, and for creating an environment in which people serving in the Air Force believed they could realize their potential.
Richard Meserve, Carnegie Institution for Science president
Bob was elected a trustee of the Carnegie Institution in 1974. And we were privileged to have his support and guidance for 34 years. As I looked back in our file about Bob, I found materials arising from a lecture on energy policy that he gave at Carnegie in 1977, shortly after he left his post as the administrator of the Energy Research and Development Administration, which was the predecessor of the Department of Energy. If people had listened to Bob, we would not be in the energy bind in which we find ourselves. Bob made the following points: He observed that 75 percent of the energy consumption in this country was based on dwindling assets, gas, and oil. And he urged that we get out of the gas and oil cul-de-sac. We're now up to about 80 percent. He noted that there historically had been a long period of transition from one fuel to another, typically about 60 years between peak usages. And he observed that we had less than 60 years to make that transition. He was optimistic about alternative energy supplies, including nuclear power. And he did acknowledge however that the big practical problem with nuclear reactors was the disposal of spent fuel.
He observed the great opportunities in energy efficiency that were possible, citing the prospect for greatly improved automobile fuel economy, the application of new types of building design, the recycling of industrial heat, and effective use of cellulosic materials. He saw that efficiency measures could reduce consumption very significantly over the following years. He saw the problem as extremely difficult, but solvable. Given our current situation, albeit with the new dimension of climate change, we simply should have listened.
Paul Gray, MIT president emeritus
Bob's deep loyalty to MIT was again evident in 1978 when he accepted my invitation to serve as Dean of the School of Engineering. He both provided effective leadership of the school, a school that represents fully half of the Institute's educational and research activities. And he contributed wisely to the governance of MIT as a member of the Academic Council. As a distinguished public servant and public citizen, as an engineer and a manager of complex engineering efforts, as a leader of men and women, as a loyal son of MIT and as a colleague and friend, Bob Seamans "left campground in better shape than he found it," to borrow a phrase from Carl Taylor Compton. May memories of his life continue to inspire all of us who loved him.
Susan Hockfield, MIT president
I want to describe only three of the many remarkable ways Robert Seamans served the nation and the world. First, he was a superb engineer. He taught himself to be a great leader of people. In 1968 when he returned from NASA to teach at MIT, MIT's then president, Howard Johnson, hailed Bob's ability to "marshall diverse technological resources for the achievement of major national goals." A quality as rare then as it is today. Bob carried on the finest MIT tradition of bringing to bear first class technical expertise to master the great problems of the day.
Second, he was an enthusiastic and beloved teacher well into his eighties. Yet he deliberately chose not to make teaching his only career because he understood deeply one of the principles that animates MIT right up to today: the transformative power of integrating teaching with front line research.
Third, he demonstrated an unswerving commitment to national service at the very highest level and at great personal cost. Punctuating his autobiography are multiple tales of Bob arranging a few rare days off, only to find himself on a sailboat in a foggy Maine harbor with someone rowing alongside to announce that he was needed in Washington. To MIT, to the space program, and to America's science and technology leadership, Bob Seamans left an incomparable legacy.


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What is SSL?
Secure Socket Layer, otherwise known as TLS (Transport Layer Security) keeps the internet safe. I'll use the two acronyms interchangeably, despite TLS being the correct one.
If you've ever heard someone say, "don't give sensitive information unless you see the green lock in the address bar", you've used (and been instructed to use) SSL. If you're using SSL, your address bar should say
TLS/SSL facilitates an encrypted connection between a given client and a participating server. Let's say I host and run a dating website. Technically speaking, this means I run a web server on a computer somewhere, connected to the internet. This web server runs on port 80.
You are a member of my dating website - you're updating your profile while sitting at a Starbucks, chilling on public WiFi. Since the (TCP) connection between your web browser and my web server is not encrypted, all information flowing back and forth over the internet is sent, transmitted, and delivered in plaintext. Any mischievous teenager sitting in your Starbucks can monitor the invisible packets hurtling through the air towards the coffee shop's router - and he or she can read all about how you love long walks on the beach. Worse still, he/she can intercept the packets going from you to the router, change the information, then send them off to my dating site! The attacker can also just pretend to be the website, and never send the packets off to the router at all.
Since I (should) care about my users' privacy, I can fix this problem. I obtain an SSL certificate, and host that on my web server. Now, if a client connects to my web server on port 443, the connection should be end-to-end encrypted, meaning only the client and I can read its contents.
How does it work?
An SSL certificate is really (like everything transmitted on the internet) a blob of text. Only a few parts of this blob are germane here – but the main takeaway is the certificate contains a public key. I generate a key-pair (public and private key). When you connect to my dating site, I send you a public key. You can now send me a message, encrypted with said public key. The only person that can decrypt the message is the owner of the private key that pairs up with that public key. If you send me your own public key, I can send you a message that only you can decrypt.
(I'm glossing over, significantly, the details of this handshake. Suffice it to say that the server and client exchange public keys that allow them to send secret messages to each other.)
Great! I can send you messages that only you can read, and you can do the same to me. Our Starbucks hacker has been foiled.
But wait - there's still an issue.
What's to stop Starbucks hacker from intercepting your connection to my dating site (AKA man-in-the-middle) and simply providing his/her own public key? In that case, the connection would be encrypted between you <-> hacker, and he/she could pose as my dating site…
There's a fundamental issue with the internet, here. When you send out a request to say, Google, you can make no confident assertions about the integrity, authenticity, or secrecy of what you've received. Packets can be read, modified, corrupted, destroyed, reordered, and more along the way.
We need a way to prove to ourselves that a request using SSL to Google actually went to the entity that owns
google.com, and came back to me, untouched.
Imagine a connection as a telephone line between client and server. How can we confirm that we're really talking to the person that owns
We don't trust
google.com, just now. What if someone we did trust informed us that the certificate
google.com is trustworthy?
An intermediate party can sign
google.com's certificate and say: "hey, trust me, this cert is legit. This public key is definitely being served by the real owners of the website." (This is a cryptographic signature)
But how can we trust them? Well, shit - this will never end. How can we trust anyone?
If you're looking for an elegant solution here you won't find one. The world has agreed upon a set of root Certificate Authorities (organizations that prove website ownership and distribute SSL certificates to those that do) that we trust unconditionally.
Often what happens is
google.com's certificate has been signed by an intermediate, who in turn has their certificate signed by a root certificate.
These root certificates are often distributed to clients via out-of-band solutions: such as being built directly into browsers or even shipped by computer manufacturers.
So when you connect to my dating site: I provide you with a certificate that claims I own this website. I also provide you with an intermediary certificate and a signature from the intermediary verifying the authenticity of my certificate. Finally, I provide you with you a root certificate (which you can verify yourself, since you have the key in your browser already) and a signature from the root verifying that the intermediate certificate is legit.
Certificate authorities (those that own root certs) have this authority because they're the ones who distribute certs. If you go to GoDaddy and host your website with them, if you prove to them (through their own methods) that you own your website, they'll provide you with and sign your certificate (or an intermediary, who will then do the same for you).
A more devious reader asks: what happens when the any of the servers in the chain get hacked? What happens if an attacker steals the private keys that essentially unlock the entire SSL certificate?
So far we are safe from our Starbucks hacker. He can't send his own certificate (public key) when you connect to my dating site, since his certificate hasn't been (eventually, through the chain) been signed by a root CA. Your browser won't trust this certificate, since it can't verify that the certificate was issued by someone we trust.
But… I have control over my certificate as long as I have my private key (since my private key is the only non-public part of my certificate). If the Starbucks hacker managed to exploit a vulnerability on my server and gained access, he or she could steal my private key!
Once the hacker does this, they can man-in-the-middle attack you again. They can intercept the connection, send my certificate (which your browser thinks is legit), and decrypt all messages coming from the dating site to your computer. They can also simply pose as the server and trick you into sending sensitive information.
What's a secure webmaster to do?
Things like this have happened. Heard of heartbleed? Heartbleed allowed anyone to potentially view sensitive information on the server. If you hosted a website that served SSL certificates when heartbleed occurred, you revoked your certificate, because there was a risk your private key was compromised.
This basically amounts to calling up your Certificate Authority and saying, "hey… I lost my cert. Can you let the world now they should not accept that certificate anymore? Oh, and can you give me a new one?"
Now you serve a new, totally different certificate. But there's potentially a hacker out there with your old certificate and private key, waiting to man-in-the-middle unsuspecting latte drinkers.
If you are visiting my dating site, you might be sure that the certificate is valid, but how can you be sure that the certificate isn't revoked and thus hasn't been compromised?
You as a client have a few options:
Certificate Revocation Lists: or CRLs, are lists provided by Certificate Authorities (the companies everyone apologizes to) that contain all revoked certificates they control. All certificates (which are immutable, by the way) contain a link to their appropriate CRL. When browsers visit Google, they can check the CRL and see if the cert they've been served is on the list (is revoked). If it is, they should proceed with caution (leave). Unfortunately CRLs can reach the megabyte magnitude – can you imagine if a simple request to
google.comtriggered a 60MB download? There are ways to cache these CRLs, but it's not perfect.
Online Certificate Status Protocol: or OCSP, is a mechanism aimed to reduce the load induced by CRLs. All certificates that support OCSP have a link to an OCSP endpoint – clients can hit this URL and say "has this certificate been revoked?" Rather than getting a huge list of revoked certs, OCSP lets clients ask specific questions about the site they're visiting. This is, of course, a privacy issue - CAs know exactly what websites you're visiting. Also - you're still making two web requests for the price of one - that latency is precious.
OCSP Stapling: This is pretty clever. Rather than you as the client making the OCSP request, the server does the following: the server attaches "I AM USING OCSP STAPLING" to the certificate (immutable, remember). The server then makes an OCSP request to the endpoint saying, "has my certificate been revoked?" – the server 'staples' this response to the certificate, and sends it to the client. The client sees "I AM USING OCSP STAPLING", knows that certificates can't be changed, the keys can just be stolen, and so knows the cert must include an OCSP response. If it doesn't have one, then it rejects the cert as invalid. If the certificate has been revoked, the hacker has to inform the client that he's serving a revoked certificate!
They all have their issues - OCSP stapling seems perfect but something like 8% of all servers support it - since the burden is on servers, there's not much anyone can do.
Assuming it all works fine (it doesn't), you could ensure that the certificate being served to you (potentially by Starbucks hacker) hasn't been revoked, and thus is valid.
The Future
This is a quick & dirty intro to SSL. SSL works reasonably well, despite some flaws in browser support and sysadmin due diligence. This is a precursor to some future posts that dig down into the details of a few things mentioned here, and some of my personal research that deals with improving the revocation situation.
PS: What happens when a Certificate Authority's private keys are stolen? It means the hacker can issue any certificate, to ANY website he desires. Basically, we're screwed. This has happened.


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New Guardians of Education
Gillian Avery
- Racism and Sexism in Children's Books edited by Judith Stinton
Writers and Readers, 147 pp, £4.95, November 1979, ISBN 0 906495 19 9
- Babies need books by Dorothy Butler
Bodley Head, 190 pp, £4.95, May 1980, ISBN 0 370 30151 X
'The father places his penis in the mother's vagina.' Modern prudery shies away, affronted, from this statement in a manual of sex education – not for Dr Bowdler's reasons, but because the Young Person of today might infer from it that the female role in life is to be passive. Racism and Sexism in Children's Books, which enshrines this and much other theorising about what should bring a blush to the cheek of the Young Person and, more important, to that of his mentor, is an undistinguished, one might even say dismally puerile, little collection of essays. But as the authors take themselves and their themes very seriously, and the blurb states that the volume has been prepared because of the 'overwhelming response from readers and teachers' to an earlier book on these subjects, it is worth looking at the views of the Bowdlers of the 1980s. The book has an English editor, who has apparently worked in English bookshops and a London public library, but most of the contributions are American in origin, coming from a digest first published by the Council for Inter-Racial Books for Children in the USA. I will reveal myself as an out-and-out racist when I say that it is permeated with a peculiarly Anglo-Saxon self-righteousness – Auden's governess lying awake and giving the universe nought for behaviour.
The full text of this book review is only available to subscribers of the London Review of Books.
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Vol. 2 No. 14 · 17 July 1980 » Gillian Avery » New Guardians of Education
pages 23-24 | 2089 words


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August Farm is a female owned, small-scale, pasture based, diversified livestock and flower farm. We raise pastured chickens, whey-fed pigs, grass fed sheep, pastured raised eggs and specialty cut flowers. All of our animals graze on pasture and are fed certified organic/local feed. We do not use chemicals, herbicides, or pesticides on our land.
We do custom floral design for events and weddings, with fresh flowers that come straight from our fields. Our services range anywhere from loose flowers to a complete custom design, delivery and set-up. Please contact us for additional information about our custom floral design work and pricing options.
Come visit us at market for fresh Eggs, Chicken, Icelandic Sheep skin rugs and Flowers or check us out online for information on our Flower CSA, Grass-fed Icelandic Lamb and Whey-Fed Pork. http://www.august-farm.com


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For UCAS applicants, the most challenging part in their application is writing their personal statement. If you are facing the same problem, then you know that writing about yourself isn't easy because you need to think about how you're going to set yourself apart from the other applicants. Relying on your academic background as well as recommendations of others won't be enough to guarantee a slot in the university or college of your choosing but if you write an exceptional UCAS English personal statement, your chances will be considerably higher.
So how will you be able to make your statement stand out?
The Dos and Don'ts of UCAS English Personal Statement
The personal statement is often used as a marketing tool where you get to promote your skills and experiences that you think are relevant to the course. This means that you need to think carefully on what you are going to write in your statement because this will only span a page which means that only the most relevant information should be included.
To make your paper grab the attention of your readers, you need to come up with a nice introduction. Avoid using introductions like, "I have always been fond of…", "Ever since I was a kid…", and "This course is one of the most challenging…" because they have been already used quite a lot of times already. Another trick to writing a good statement is to show your readers why you are qualified instead of just telling them that you have this particular skill.
Details are everything in your personal statement so make sure that you paint them a picture of who you are both inside and outside a classroom setting. Don't forget to avoid copying any content from existing samples of personal statements because even if you have just rearranged the order of the sentences, plagiarism checkers can still detect them.
UCAS Personal Statement Guidelines: Transition Words to Use
If you want to gain admission in UK universities, you need to prove to them that you have the qualifications that they are looking for depending on the course that you are after. This means that, aside from preparing your resume and transcript of records, you will need to present a personal statement for UCAS that is written in a professional manner. Unfortunately for some, writing is a skill that they have yet to master especially when they are expected to deliver the best statement.
It may be that your essay lacks proper transition from one idea to the next so here is a list of possible transitions that you can apply in your personal statement if you are agreeing on a thought, adding a thought, or have similar thoughts:
- In addition to
- By the same token
- Together with
- Furthermore
- In the first place
If you're putting emphasis or in support of a particular idea, these transition words should be used:
- as an illustration
- for instance
- most compelling evidence
- on the negative side
- surprisingly
These are just a few examples of transition words that you can integrate into your essay for a smooth flowing essay for easy reading.
Make Your Statement Stand Out
If you want your application to stand out among the rest, you need to work hard on your personal statement for UCAS English. This is the best place for you to show how different you are from the other applicants to convince them that you have the qualifications as well as the experience needed to excel in your chosen course.


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Having recently moved house (again), all sorts of long-forgotten things are surfacing from boxes. This includes some family history. Today (1st February) would have been my late grandmother's 101st birthday. She led a fascinating life as one of four daughters of an expatriate British-Canadian oil prospector, growing up mostly in Romania but with periods of education in Turkey, Germany and Scotland - qualifying as a medical doctor in the 1930s. A remarkable woman; here she is in Romania in 1923 (aged 19).
One of the very interesting recently rediscovered documents is an account by her father (my great-grandfather) of his escape in 1940 from the Nazi invasion of Romania. It is a short typescript, and a remarkable insight into a world that is now completely lost - as well as an interesting journey that would not now be possible.
Leaving Constanta on 23rd October 1940, they travelled by steamer to Istanbul, then by train to Baghdad (via Aleppo and Mosul - 'we arrived in Mosul about 12 in the night where we were received by the British Committee who served us a very nice tea with sandwiches and cigarettes'). After refreshments in Baghdad (provided by 'a gentleman, Mr. Matheson, a bank manager') they took the overnight 'desert sleeper' train to Basrah, where they were hosted by the British Consul. Another steamer took them down the river past miles of date plantations, stopping at Bahrain to collect American oil workers and their families ('and also two very rich Arab pearl merchants'), arriving in Karachi on 21st December.
'Karachi is the capital of the Sind Province of India [it is now of course in Pakistan]. We went on shore and had tea and bought some tobacco. We left Karachi on 22nd December and spent Christmas on board the "Varela".'
Arriving in Bombay on 26th December they were met by the 'Committee of the McKereth Organisation for the Balkan Evacuees'. They stayed there for a couple of weeks and then went to a camp at Satara by train, where they spent the best part of five months, 'during which there were pleasant, but more unpleasant moments ... the food was wholesome and sufficient, but one must get used to the food of India.'
They then went by train and bus - 'a very tedious journey of four days' - to Naini Tal, where they were 'received by Officials and transported by "dandies" (a sort of chair carried by four coolies) to a big bungalow on the top of the hill'. This was one of several temporary accommodations whilst in India, before returning to the UK later in the war.
This is a map of the journey.
I hadn't mapped this before. For me the whole account and episode is very interesting for several reasons.
Firstly: although there were clearly hardships on the journey this appears to have been a well-resourced and at times relatively leisurely middle-class retreat through largely British-held (or at least British-friendly) territory, facilitated by officialdom. Some luggage needed to be left behind at various places, and several aspects of accommodation and transport were evidently distressing; their house in Constanta and possessions left there were subsequently destroyed. Nevertheless it doesn't really compare with so many harrowing accounts of others' escapes from fascism in other parts of Europe at the same time.
Secondly: I am astonished that train/bus travel was sufficiently efficient in 1940 to enable land transport from Istanbul to Basrah in only four days. Would that be possible today?
Thirdly: this is a journey I would love to retrace, partly because it passes through so many places of enormous historical and archaeological significance, as well as for its genealogical interest. Sadly there is no longer a ferry from Constanta to Istanbul. This is the least of the problems, however. For, despite the fact that - just like my great-grandfather - I have a passport which declares that 'Her Britannic Majesty requires and requests all those whom it may concern to allow the bearer to pass freely etc. etc. etc.' I suspect that just at the moment Her Majesty's word is not particularly highly regarded in places such as Aleppo, Mosul, Baghdad and Basrah.
More importantly, the situation in the various regions through which my great-grandfather passed in 1940 is massively and utterly horrific for the millions of people who have been affected - in many cases disastrously and catastrophically so - by the whole sequence of events in the last couple of decades. Certainly some of the outcomes are the result of UK foreign policy (which of course has its origins in the protection of the British interests which my family were helping to pursue at the time), but UK foreign policy is only one of a number of factors here.
The answer is not, of course, a return to British imperialism. I don't know what the answer is. The situation is massively complex. But part of that answer must involve dialogue and mutual respect.
Islam is a beautiful and compassionate religion; so is Christianity. Together with Judaism were are all fruits of the same Abrahamic seed. Fascism can root itself perniciously within any of those religious contexts, and it is to be regretted when it does so - whether it is the Crusades, Nazism, aggressive Zionism, or the 'Islamic State'.
I still hope to be able to retrace this journey in my lifetime. Meanwhile my thoughts are with those in Aleppo, Mosul, Baghdad, Basrah and elsewhere whose hopes and dreams and lives are shattered by fascists from whom there is no avenue for escape.
1 February 2015
Escaping fascism: my family's experience
Posted by Paul Belford at 18:39
Labels: conflict, family history, heritage, india, iran, iraq, middle east, pakistan, romania, syria, terrorism, turkey
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