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Pollinator Health Action Plan
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Table of Contents
Letter From the Minister of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs
In January 2016, I requested your feedback on a draft action plan to support pollinator health. The response was excellent and, now that we have analyzed the submissions and considered your recommendations, I am pleased to release Ontario's Pollinator Health Action Plan.
As part of the province's broader Pollinator Health Strategy, this plan is designed to help improve the health of all insect pollinators which supports a strong agri-food sector and a healthy environment. The plan builds in actions, timelines and accountability as we move forward. It is designed to be adaptive and can be adjusted as new, evidence-based research becomes available.
A collaborative approach is at the core of our efforts to protect pollinators. Looking ahead, we continue to welcome and build new partnerships while maintaining current relationships.
As Ontario continues to take a leadership role in the protection of pollinators, I encourage us all to work together and achieve our goals.
Jeff Leal
Pollinators are vital to a healthy ecosystem and they play a crucial role in Ontario's agriculture sector. They provide one of our planet's most important ecosystem services - pollination. Over one third of our diet comes directly or indirectly from insect-pollinated plants, and about 80 per cent of wild, flowering plant species would not exist without pollination. Pollinators are essential to our agricultural sector: managed and wild pollinators contribute $992 million annually to Ontario's economy.
Despite the critical importance of pollinators to the economy and the environment, research around the world is showing disturbing declines in pollinator populations due to a number of interacting stressors including disease and pests, exposure to pesticides, reduced habitat and climate change. Ontario has not avoided these challenges: it is also experiencing decreases in pollinators and pollinator health.
Ontario's Pollinator Health Action Plan
The plan outlines several actions to address broad stressors impacting pollinators. Here are some examples:
For a full list of actions and timelines, please read on.
By developing partnerships and initiatives that strengthen pollinator health, we are working to achieve Ontario's vision to be home to healthy pollinator populations that contribute to a sustainable food supply and support resilient ecosystems and a strong economy.
Fact: Through Growing Forward 2 (GF2), a federal/provincial funding program, farmers have accessed cost-share funding to enable farm families to increase their environmental awareness and identify areas of environmental concern and action of their farms by developing an Environmental Farm Plan (EFP). Once a farm plan is completed, GF2 supports EFP-identified actions including those that support pollinator habitat such as building wind breaks and planting cover crops.
Our Pollinators
Many species throughout the world, including a small number of birds and mammals, provide pollination services. In Ontario, the majority of pollinators are insects. Bees are the most specialized insect pollinator due to a variety of physical traits that allow them to collect and store pollen. Wild bees come in a wide variety of sizes, shapes and colours. They are diverse in their requirements such as habitat, nesting sites, the types of flowers they visit and their season of activity. In Ontario, the two most common groups of wild bees are solitary bees and social ground nesters. This Action Plan focuses on two main groups of insect pollinators:
Managed Bees
Managed honey bees not only produce honey but also pollinate a broad range of Ontario crops including apples, apricots, asparagus, blueberries, squash and canola. Honey bees are responsible for pollinating 80 per cent of all agricultural crops requiring insect pollination and are the most economically valuable pollinators world-wide.
In 2016 there were more than 2,800 registered beekeepers in Ontario managing a total of over 97,000 honey bee colonies. Ontario beekeepers produced an estimated 8,880,000 pounds of honey, worth $27 million. Beekeepers also produce beeswax products for retail sale. Perhaps most importantly, horticulture producers require beekeepers' hives for pollination services to increase crop production and yields. Some Ontario honey bee colonies are also transported every year to help pollinate over $70 million worth of blueberry and cranberry crops in eastern Canada - and the demand for pollination services continues to increase.
Other species of managed pollinators in North America include bumble bees, alfalfa leafcutter bees and blue orchard bees. Bumble bees are increasingly used in Europe and here in Canada as the primary managed pollinator for greenhouse tomato and pepper production. Managed bumble bees are now being tested as potential pollinators for cranberries, blueberries and ginseng.
Wild Pollinators
Previous studies show Ontario as a Canadian biodiversity hotspot for wild pollinators, having 420 of over 855 nationally-recorded bee species. This is the highest bee diversity of any province. Although the value of wild pollinators to agriculture in Ontario has not been assessed, recent studies elsewhere suggest that wild pollinators may be more important than originally thought.
Pollination plays a fundamental role in sustaining ecosystems and supports all organisms that depend on resources from flowering plants (e.g., seeds for birds, shelter provided by flowering trees and shrubs, etc.). While the managed honey bee is perhaps the most well-known pollinator, wild bees are more effective pollinators on a per-bee basis. Some species of wild pollinators carry greater quantities of pollen grains making them more efficient pollinators. Wild pollinators can forage in cooler conditions than honey bees, which allows for pollination of plants blooming in early spring and late fall.
Research has shown that improving honey bee pollinator efficiency in agriculture can be accomplished by encouraging or introducing wild bee species to an area. The presence of wild bees has been found to increase the pollinating efficiency of honey bees when compared to an orchard that was pollinated by honey bees alone.
Why Action is Important
Worldwide, there are signs that managed bees and wild pollinators are under stress and, in a number of cases, in decline. At the same time, the need for pollination services for many agricultural crops continues to grow. Ontario is no exception to these international trends: some Ontario-specific research indicates that the province is experiencing similar declines while also facing increasing demands for pollination services, particularly from managed bees.
The beekeeping industry considers a 15 per cent annual overwinter loss sustainable. Since 2007 overwintering losses in Ontario have ranged from a low of 12 per cent in 2012 to an all-time high of 58 per cent in 2014.
Although information on the populations of wild pollinators in Ontario is limited, studies show some species (e.g., the formerly widespread rusty patched bumble bee, now a Species at Risk) have declined dramatically. Declines in wild pollinator populations documented globally show that almost 50 per cent of insect extinctions involve flower-visiting species. International trends suggest that pollinator declines are a result of the interacting impacts of several stressors - including disease and pests, exposure to pesticides, reduced habitat and climate change.
Ontario farmers are incredible stewards of our land. Since 2005, they have demonstrated a strong commitment to the environment, completing more than 23,900 voluntary on-farm Environmental Farm Plan projects. This work represents a total investment of $366 million in on-farm improvements, including $99 million in federal-provincial cost-share funding, approximately $26 million leveraged from other cost-share programs, and with farmers contributing $228 million to these projects.
In addition to the efforts of the farming community, when polled as part of Pollinator Health Action Plan consultations, more than 60 per cent of survey respondents indicated that they would be willing to financially contribute to organizations supporting pollinator health and more than 70 per cent would be willing to lead habitat activities, both on the farm and across urban landscapes. These results show a huge willingness to work together, bridge gaps and collaborate from all sides of the issue on a topic as critical as pollinator health.
We challenge all parties, including environmental organizations, conservation groups, academia, industry and communities to join our farmers and be part of the solution by pooling resources. We invite organizations from across Ontario to invest in the coming years to promote environmental stewardship and pollinator health.
The organizations highlighted in this report are a wonderful example of this work and we encourage it to continue and grow!
Ontario's Pollinator Health Strategy
In November 2014 the Ontario government launched the province's first Pollinator Health Strategy highlighting two aspirational targets:
In 2016 - communicated for the first time in this plan - a third aspirational target has been added:
There are three components to the strategy:
The first two components of the strategy - financial support for the beekeeping sector and Ontario Regulation 63/09 that reduces the use of neonicotinoid insecticide NNI-treated corn and soybean seeds - have been launched. The release of the third and final component of the strategy, the Pollinator Health Action Plan (the plan), completes the launch of all three components of the multi-faceted strategy.
The Beekeepers Financial Assistance Program and the Bee Mortality Production Insurance Program
A key element of the province's Pollinator Health Strategy is the commitment to establish a financial program to assist beekeepers experiencing high levels of honey bee hive loss. In 2014-15 the Beekeepers Financial Assistance Program (BFAP) was extended to cover bee mortalities. More than $5.4 million in BFAP payments were distributed over the 2014 and 2015 program years as part of a combined effort to build up healthy bee colonies in the province.
In September 2015 BFAP was replaced with a permanent Bee Mortality Production Insurance plan to cover overwinter losses caused by insured perils, such as excessive cold, ice damage and diseases/pests, with no means of adequate control. In its first year, 35 beekeepers with over 13,200 colonies participated in the plan.
Regulation of Neonicotinoid-Treated Corn and Soybean Seed
On July 1, 2015 Ontario Regulation 63/09 under the Pesticides Act came into effect. This NNI-treated seed regulation will be fully phased-in over two growing seasons. The regulation created a new class of pesticides (Class 12) for corn and soybean seeds treated with NNI, and restricted its use to where there is demonstrated need due to the presence of pests.
Pollinator Health Action Plan
The plan is the third component of the strategy. By building on existing partnerships and developing new partnerships and initiatives that strengthen pollinator health, we will achieve Ontario's vision to be home to healthy pollinator populations that contribute to a sustainable food supply and support resilient ecosystems and a strong economy.
Pollinator Health Action Plan
Public Engagement
This plan is the result of significant input from the public and many stakeholders interested in pollinator health.
In November 2014 the Ontario government released a comprehensive discussion paper on its pollinator health strategy including a regulatory proposal to reduce the use of NNI pesticides in Ontario. Actions proposed in the discussion paper Pollinator Health: A Proposal for Enhancing Pollinator Health and Reducing the Use of Neonicotinoid Pesticides in Ontario received tremendous support for enhancing the health of pollinators.
A variety of actions were brought forward which were expanded upon through interactive forums held in Guelph in August 2015 and February 2016 with experts and key stakeholders from across sectors. More than 50 leaders from across Ontario participated in each session to address issues that included:
Ontario's draft Pollinator Health Action Plan was posted on the Environmental Registry from January 22, 2016, to March 7, 2016, providing opportunity for public comment. This final, adaptive plan incorporates feedback received during the consultation process and continues to be a call to action for all Ontarians to play a role in enhancing pollinator health. And we know you're ready to participate! As part of plan consultations, respondents who took the online survey indicated:
We want to thank all of those who have contributed ideas and provided feedback that has helped shape Ontario's Pollinator Health Action Plan. Our vision is for Ontario to be home to healthy pollinator populations that contribute to a sustainable food supply and support resilient ecosystems and a strong economy. We thank you for reading this plan - your dedication will contribute to the improvement of pollinator health in Ontario.
Accountability and Oversight
An inter-ministerial steering committee will be responsible for overseeing the implementation, and reporting on the progress of the Pollinator Health Strategy. Recognizing that this plan is flexible and adaptive in nature, the government will also engage technical experts to assist in key areas as the implementation of the plan moves forward.
This plan clearly identifies the ministries and organizations accountable for each action with an associated timeline for completion. Identified ministries will be responsible for implementing their individual actions and reporting to the steering committee.
Up-to-date information on Ontario's pollinators, including the progress toward each of the targets, will be shared publicly through our online pollinator portal (www.ontario.ca/pollinators). Reporting on the progress made toward our overwinter mortality rates and NNI-treated corn and soybean seed reduction aspirational targets will be shared with the public annually. Progress around the habitat target will be shared as information becomes available. Monitoring data and analysis, and new research results, will also be assessed on an ongoing basis and reports shared as available.
The Four Stressors
Studies show that pollinators are under increasing stress. Several causes or stressors are thought to be responsible for their decline and can be grouped into four broad categories:
To make progress toward achieving our strategic outcomes and vision, Ontario is taking action to address each of the four stressors identified as impacting pollinator health, as well as building on research and monitoring, and education and awareness efforts.
Stressor: Diseases, Pests, Genetics
The management of honey bee and bumble bee diseases and pests is critical to addressing colony losses and minimizing the spread of pests and pathogens.
How are diseases and pests affecting pollinators in Ontario?
Pests and diseases are considered two of the main risks to pollinators. Managed bees and wild pollinators suffer from a range of diseases and pest infestations. The best documented are those that affect honey bees. However, some viruses, fungi and parasites are also known to infect managed bumble bees and wild pollinator species. In addition to naturally occurring diseases and pathogens, in recent years there have been concerns about pathogens crossing over from managed bumble bee and honey bee populations to Ontario's wild pollinator populations.
According to research, a significant destructive factor influencing the loss of honey bee colonies over the winter in Ontario is the varroa mite. While there are treatments that help maintain low levels of varroa infestation, resistance in some varroa populations to particular types of treatment is common and widespread. Varroa continue to be a significant challenge for maintaining honey bee health. As such, mite control is an essential beekeeping practice for the survival of honey bee colonies. It is therefore important for us to understand the best ways to control varroa in honey bee colonies, and find new ways to treat for varroa, while causing minimal harm to the honey bees themselves.
Fact: Varroa mites are relatively large external parasites that feed on the body fluids of adult and developing honey bees. Among other things, varroa can transmit pathogens, particularly viruses (e.g., deformed wing virus). Varroa mites have spread from their original range in Asia to most parts of the world, including Ontario in the early 1990s. Although almost all honey bee colonies in North America are now infected with varroa, the main challenge is the ability of beekeepers to effectively control the severity of infestations.
There are other pests and diseases that pose health risks to managed bees, such as the following:
Researchers are now examining the importance of interactions not only between diseases and other environmental stressors (e.g., disease and nutrition or exposure to pesticides) but also within the stressors themselves (e.g., varroa infestations with other pathogens) that affect individual bee health and colony resilience.
How can beekeeper management practices and genetics strengthen pollinators in Ontario?
Through selective breeding, honey bees are bred for a variety of desired traits including docile behaviour, increased honey production and resistance to certain pests and diseases. By identifying different genetic traits, beekeepers may be able to identify traits of interest and selectively breed bees that are more resilient to pathogens. Researchers in Ontario have investigated the role of genetics in resistance to pests and disease with some positive results. Some honey bees, for example, have been found to be less susceptible to the tracheal mite. Selecting for any honey bee genetic trait may provide additional protection against pests and diseases, especially as some pests and pathogens can develop resistance to established methods of treatment.
Proper management of honey bee colonies is essential for their success and survival. Colonies must be properly managed to achieve adequate production and pest control. It is important for beekeepers to consider current recommendations when implementing best management practices (BMPs) within their operation, including following an integrated pest management (IPM) approach. The beekeeping sector is dynamic and techniques to combat pests will evolve as the science behind managing bees continues to advance.
What is being done to address diseases, pests and genetics in managed pollinators?
Under the province's Bees Act, OMAFRA's Apiary Program works with beekeepers to maintain the viability of Ontario's beekeeping sector, through the following actions:
Ontario has had beekeeping legislation for over a century. The current Bees Act, established in 1987, has not been significantly updated in nearly two decades. Since that time, the industry has evolved and there have been new pests and diseases that have emerged as challenges for apiarists in Ontario. There have also been changes in how industry and government approach animal health oversight, including a greater focus on information management, data analysis and biosecurity. Having timely access to accurate and up-to-date information about movement patterns, diseases and pests, and management practices can help promote a more coordinated response and greater cooperation between government and industry partners. Other animal production sectors in Ontario have already made significant strides in this area.
Working with key partners such as the Ontario Beekeepers' Association (OBA), the Canadian Association of Professional Apiculturists (CAPA), the National Bee Health Roundtable and Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA), the government will continue to build on this important work, concentrating efforts in the following areas:
Review Beekeeping Sector Legislation
The government will release for consultation a discussion paper to modernize the province's legislative framework on beekeeping. (OMAFRA; 2017)
En voici des exemples :Among other components, the modernization proposals could include provisions related to the following items:
Strengthen Beekeeper Best Management Practices (BMPs) for Diseases and Pests
Recognizing the critical role beekeepers play in managing diseases and pests and supporting overall healthy bees and hives, the Ontario government is partnering with the OBA to support increased education and training opportunities for beekeepers. Examples include:
Understanding Honey Bee Genetics
Honey bee genetics play a role in how resilient colonies are to pest infestations.
Modernizing beekeeper legislation, combined with increasing education and training opportunities for beekeeper BMPs and ensuring the resilience of our honey bee colonies, will help Ontario achieve a key goal of our Pollinator Health Strategy: Improved genetics and reduced impacts of diseases and pests on pollinators.
Partner Spotlight:
The mandate of the Ontario Beekeepers' Association (OBA) is to ensure a thriving and sustainable beekeeping industry in Ontario. OMAFRA has funded the OBA to support initiatives, including the delivery of specialized training and research on high-risk pests and diseases. During the past 20 years, OMAFRA has provided over 3 million dollars to the OBA to support industry activities and outreach efforts in support of increased pollinator health. Working together, the OBA and OMAFRA will continue to ensure strong beekeeper BMPs for Ontario.
Stressor: Exposure to Pesticides
The term pesticide refers to a broad category of products that are specifically designed to control a pest. A pesticide can control a fungus, a weed or an insect pest. The category of pesticide that typically poses the greatest potential risk for both wild pollinators and managed bees is insecticides. While insecticides are intended to control insect pests, they can also harm beneficial insects like bees.
How is pesticide exposure affecting pollinators in Ontario?
In Ontario the use of pesticides in agriculture has changed over the past few decades. There has been more emphasis on reducing the risks to human health and the environment and improving education efforts regarding the safe and proper use of pesticides. Additionally, there have been increased efforts to move toward reduced-risk pesticides that tend to be more targeted to specific pests and, therefore, not as broad-spectrum as the pesticides used in the past.
Fact: OMAFRA and MOECC offer IPM training for corn and soybean producers through the University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus. This training is required under the neonicotinoid (NNI)-treated seed regulation. The course covers topics such as IPM principles including corn and soybean pest identification, planting BMPs, the new regulatory requirements regarding Class 12 pesticides and pollinator protection from NNI exposure. As of OCTOBER 31, 2016 over 10,000 individuals have completed this training.
NNI pesticides, commonly used as a seed treatment, have been widely used in agriculture around the world, and in Ontario, since the mid-1990s. However, a growing body of scientific evidence shows that some NNIs are highly toxic to bees and other insect pollinators. Impacts that have been reported include reduced longevity of adult bees, impaired foraging and navigational abilities, impaired learning and memory performance, reduced tolerance to pathogens and reduced colony growth. Specifically, there are documented incidents in field conditions where honey bees have been impacted by the use of NNI-treated corn and soybean seeds. Research also suggests that negative impacts on bumble bees, some butterflies and aquatic invertebrates are also likely.
What has been the Ontario government's regulatory response to neonicotinoids?
In July 2015 Ontario became the first North American jurisdiction to legislate restrictions that apply to NNI-treated corn and soybean seeds, under the Pesticides Act. The NNI-treated seed regulation created a new class of pesticides for corn and soybean seeds treated with three NNIs (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and clothianidin) and restricts the use of NNI-treated corn and soybean seed to those areas where there is a demonstrated need. The requirements are being phased in to allow growers time to adjust, with an aspirational target to achieve an 80 per cent reduction in the number of acres planted with neonicotinoid-treated corn and soybean seed by 2017, as outlined in Ontario's Pollinator Health Strategy.
Farmers have also taken an active role to support pollinator health by implementing the PMRA's protective measures for corn and soybean production. These include using dust-reducing seed flow lubricants, following new packaging standards and making changes to planting equipment by installing deflectors.
Fact: In 2009, the Ontario Government introduced a ban on the use of cosmetic pesticides for lawns, gardens, parks and schoolyards.
In addition to pesticides used to protect crops, pesticide exposure can occur when beekeepers apply products directly to their hives to control parasitic mites and fungal and bacterial infections. Research by the Ontario Beekeepers' Association's Technology Transfer Program, supported by the Government of Ontario, is currently underway to examine the effects of pest and pathogen treatments including natural products such as essential oils on honey bee health. Further research into beekeeping management systems, chemical controls and their effect on pollinators is an essential component of an integrated pest management framework.
What else is being done to reduce pollinator exposure to pesticides?
While progress in reducing pesticide use on agricultural lands continues, new efforts are needed to ensure an abundant and healthy pollinator population.
In the fall of 2013 OMAFRA launched a pollinator health-focused research call titled New Directions Bee Health and Related Best Management Practices in Field Crop Production. This call supported the need to gather additional information on pollinator health and explore BMPs to minimize potential risk factors facing managed honey bees. Funding priorities were developed in consultation with the Ontario Bee Health Working Group and key agricultural organizations. A total of five research proposals were awarded totaling close to $1 million in funding. These projects include examining the effects of neonicotinoids on bee health and how these risk factors could be managed through alternative pest management tools and BMPs. The results will help inform both the public and the government as we move forward. Project results will be shared as they become available through our online pollinator portal under the research tab.
The Ontario government is also supporting IPM and education for both farmers and beekeepers to reduce pollinator exposure to pesticides. We are also providing support and monitoring for the NNI-treated seed regulation.
Support Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and Education for Farmers
Farmers have already made, and continue to make, significant contributions to support pollinator health. To support these efforts, the Ontario government will:
Fact: In response to a high number of bee mortality incidents in 2012 and 2013, in 2014 Health Canada's Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) announced measures to reduce pollinator exposure to dust generated during the planting of treated corn and soybean seed. Measures included:
The requirement to use a dust-reducing seed flow lubricant when planting NNI-treated corn and soybean seeds.
BMPs for protecting pollinators during pesticide spraying and an update on best practices for pollinator protection and responsible use of treated seed.
Enhanced warnings and directions on pesticide and seed package labels on how to protect bees.
Related to these PMRA measures, funding for Ontario producers was made available under the Great Lakes Agricultural Stewardship Initiative (GLASI) to install dust deflectors on planting equipment.
Support Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and Education for Beekeepers related to Pesticide Management in Hive
IPM protocols require beekeepers to use approved products to treat in-hive pests such as mites and bacterial diseases. If used improperly, these treatments can negatively impact honey bee health. Continued efforts to enhance and improve BMPs for beekeepers and IPM recommendations will ensure appropriate use of these products.
Support for and Monitoring the Impacts of Ontario Regulation 63/09
Further to this, monitoring activities will also look at NNI and other pesticide residues in the environment, stream health (including the diversity of health of aquatic macro invertebrates), crop system practices, municipal water quality, and corn and soybean pest pressures. For a description of these environmental monitoring activities, see the Research and Monitoring section.
Continuing our efforts toward a robust integrated pest management framework (through training and tools for beekeepers and farmers and support and monitoring of the NNI-treated seed regulation) will help Ontario achieve a key goal of our Pollinator Health Strategy: Reduced level of exposure of pollinators to pesticides.
Stressor: Reduced Habitat and Poor Nutrition
Pollinator habitat in Ontario is any area that provides nectar and pollen resources, nesting/overwintering sites or larval host plants that support populations of pollinators. Pollinator habitat can occur in natural areas as well as in agricultural and built-up settings.
Why is pollinator habitat important?
Wild pollinators have co-evolved with Ontario's native plant communities and, therefore, it is important to conserve pollinators to maintain the health, diversity and function of these important ecological systems. Wild pollinators play an important role in ecosystem maintenance as most flowering plants require insect pollination. This, in turn, provides food and shelter for wildlife species, supports ecosystem services provided by these plant communities (e.g., carbon sequestration, soil stabilization and air purification) and provides us with recreational opportunities. Many of Ontario's Species at Risk depend upon pollinators directly for their reproduction and survival or to provide food plants and habitat. Ten insect pollinators have been listed as Species at Risk and actions are being taken by government to protect these species and their habitats.
Pollinators need habitat (food and nesting sites) to support our agricultural sector and ecological systems. Restoring and enhancing pollinator habitat can have positive impacts, whether enhancing urban gardens and parks, farm field margins and headlands, or land alongside roadways or power lines.
What is the state of pollinator habitat in Ontario?
Pollinator habitat is being threatened by degradation, fragmentation and direct loss. The majority of habitat impacts have occurred in southern Ontario where the loss of natural habitats has been greatest. Progressive and cumulative habitat changes can have significant effects.
What is being done to support pollinator habitat?
The Ontario government recognizes that there are a wide range of groups and organizations involved in restoring, enhancing and protecting pollinator habitat. Here are a few examples:
The Ontario government is working to ensure collaboration among these, and many other, efforts, to increase the quantity and quality of pollinator habitat on public and private lands in southern Ontario through restoration and enhancement. These efforts will support both wild and managed pollinators.
We have grouped our habitat actions into three overarching categories: Partnering for Stewardship; Leveraging Current Policies and Programs; and, Providing Grants and Incentives.
Partnering for Stewardship
Ninety-eight per cent of the land in southern Ontario, where pollinator habitat loss and degradation have been greatest, is privately owned. Pollinator habitat restoration will be supported through government leadership and key partnerships to help:
Work to help support pollinator habitat restoration and enhancement activities includes:
Fact: A great example of increasing pollinator habitat on Ministry of Transportation (MTO) land is the Rt. Hon. Herb Gray Parkway in Windsor. It includes more than 295 acres of green space, 183 of which are ecological landscapes that include Tallgrass Prairie and Oak Savannah - prime habitats for pollinators. Beyond the corridor, in restoration areas associated with the Parkway an additional 150 acres of Tallgrass Prairie habitat is being restored. MTO is also partnering with the City of Windsor and the Essex Region Conservation Authority on a one time effort to restore approximately 150 acres of Tallgrass Prairie habitat within the Spring Garden Natural Area.
Partner Spotlight:
Alternative Land Use Services (ALUS) is a community-developed, farmer delivered program that gives Canadians the opportunity to play an active role in building a healthier environment by providing support to farmers to enhance and maintain ecosystem services. ALUS partners with farmers to retain and restore natural areas. These rehabilitated areas have natural benefits such as creating habitat for fish and wildlife, species at risk and native pollinators. Active in Ontario since 2007, hundreds of Ontario farm families are involved in ALUS projects across the province, including pollinator patch planting and environmental stewardship tours.
Leveraging Current Policies and Programs
We will review and incorporate pollinator guidance into Ontario government policies, guidelines and programs, as opportunities arise, including:
Providing Grants and Incentives
The Ontario government is leveraging a suite of funding programs across ministries to support pollinator habitat restoration, enhancement and creation projects. The government will continue efforts that:
Working across the government and with our partners and agencies to lead the establishment of improved habitat on a range of public and private lands, combined with efforts to restore and enhance pollinator habitat through current policies, programs and incentives, will help Ontario achieve a key goal of our Pollinator Health Strategy: Improved habitat and nutrition for pollinators.
Stressor: Climate Change and Weather
The earth's climate is changing. Globally, there is evidence of increasing air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising sea levels. In Canada we are already seeing rising temperatures, shifting rainfall patterns and increases in certain types of hazardous weather such as heat waves. Recent studies have shown that wild pollinators are highly vulnerable to climate change.
How is climate change affecting pollinators?
Although the precise impacts of climate change are difficult to predict, they could contribute to pollinator declines by modifying the balance between bees and their environment, including increasing their exposure and vulnerability to diseases. There is already evidence in Ontario of climate change causing earlier spring thaws that result in many plants flowering earlier than normal. Consequently, pollinator species could undergo population declines if plants bloom at times when pollinators are dormant. Pollinators also require continuous availability of food resources, and shifts in key seasonal changes such as flowering time and emergence of insects, could lead to gaps in the succession of flowers, causing a lack of food for longer-lived pollinators or colonies.
The geographic ranges of pollinators may also shift as temperatures increase. Bees that thrive in tropical environments are predicted to expand their ranges, whereas bees that thrive in narrow-ranged temperate climates will likely experience range reductions and are at risk of population decline.
In addition to the gradual increase in temperature, climate change causes more frequent extreme weather events like storms, floods, heat waves and droughts. Extreme cold weather can have severe impacts on pollinators already stressed by climate change by causing high overwintering losses. Less mobile pollinators, such as small beetles and ground nesting bees, may be the most seriously impacted by events such as flooding. Extreme weather can kill individual insects, but can also negatively impact entire colonies or local populations (e.g., by interrupting foraging and mating).
Fact: Temperature extremes, combined with an inconsistent food supply, can put intense pressure on pollinators and may lead to disease and death. An example of extreme weather in Ontario was the record-breaking early spring thaw in 2012. This event, caused by much warmer than normal spring temperatures, significantly impacted Ontario ecosystems. There were reports of fruit trees that bloomed five weeks ahead of schedule which were then extensively damaged by a late April frost. The flash freeze wiped out about 80 per cent of Ontario's apple blossoms, resulting in less than half of the expected yields for tender fruit growers and also reduced the availability of other flowering plant species.
What is being done to support pollinators in our changing climate?
Ontario has demonstrated leadership and commitment to fighting climate change through releasing both a Climate Change Strategy (2015) and Climate Change Action Plan (2016) which will be implemented over the next five years. Work is also underway to renew Ontario's Climate Change Adaptation Plan (Climate Ready), which will further explore ways to promote pollinator health and food security, and support the agricultural sector as it adapts to climate impacts. Actions outlined in this document are further intended to support the resilience of pollinators so that they are better able to withstand the stresses of a changing climate.
Managing the Impact of Climate Change
The government of Ontario is taking action to manage the impact of climate change on pollinators, including:
Alignment with the province's climate change objectives, which will include reducing vulnerabilities to climate change and increasing climate resilience of our ecosystems, will support pollinator health and help Ontario achieve a key goal of our Pollinator Health Strategy: Increased resilience of pollinators to climate change and weather.
Honey bees: Climate change may alter the distribution and diversity of flower species. Unusually wet summers or uncharacteristic dry conditions could affect which floral types are found in a given area and the amount of pollen and nectar that they produce. Because honey bees depend on a variety of floral sources and sufficient pollen and nectar to remain healthy, these downstream effects of climate change could impact the type and quality of nutrition that honey bees receive. In addition, climate change may cause indirect stress for honey bees when it is compounded by other factors. For example, pests and pathogens may become a greater burden in the face of warming temperatures.
Wild bumble bees: A study from Ontario examining the impacts of climate change on pollinators found that wild bumble bee species with narrow climate tolerances are at greater risk of decline. This study also reported that species living close to their maximum climatic tolerances are more at risk of decline and, ultimately, extinction.
Natural resources and ecosystems: "A changing climate with changing patterns of warmer, wetter and drier conditions also affects the natural environment and threatens biodiversity. For example, climate change could have negative impacts on the lifecycle of both wild and managed pollinator species like bees and butterflies, upon which about 80 per cent of all flowering plants depend. By conserving nature, restoring ecosystems and adapting natural resource management, we reduce vulnerability and increase resilience to impacts." - Ontario's Climate Change Strategy
Research and Monitoring
Research and monitoring will be used
to track progress toward pollinator health goals and targets.
How will research and monitoring contribute to the success of the plan?
While we have a great deal of knowledge about honey bees, there is still much to learn about all pollinators. Addressing knowledge gaps, along with the government's environmental monitoring efforts, will contribute to an improved understanding of pollinator populations and their health status across Ontario.
The government recognizes the importance of monitoring both wild and managed pollinators to:
The plan highlights the monitoring programs that have been established to obtain baseline data on the status of managed honey bees, wild pollinators and pesticide residues in the environment. Data collected from these monitoring programs will provide, over time, an understanding of honey bee health and will measure progress against the plan's many actions and the overall Pollinator Health Strategy.
In addition to monitoring, the government will set priorities for pollinator health research and align and leverage existing and new research programs to address key knowledge gaps related to pollinator health. Awareness of key research and monitoring needs can also be used to encourage research collaboration and inform research undertaken by others.
An inter-ministerial committee will coordinate the analysis of our monitoring results and evidence-based research to adapt this plan, as required. Together, we will achieve our vision of making Ontario home to healthy pollinator populations that contribute to a sustainable food supply and support resilient ecosystems and a strong economy.
What is being done to support research and monitoring on pollinator health?
The Ontario government has already invested in a significant number of research projects and monitoring activities that formed the foundation of this plan. The actions below demonstrate our continued investment in evidence-based knowledge to inform pollinator health initiatives.
Fact: In 2015, researchers at the University of Guelph (U of G) undertook a comprehensive literature review titled Status and Trends of Pollinator Health in Ontario (funded through the OMAFRA/U of G partnership). This review identified 18,700 unique articles of which approximately 1500 were found to be relevant to Ontario. This review was important in the development of this plan and will help assess priorities and allocate future research funds.
Fact: We are excited to be launching a second, pollinator health-focused research call. The first call - New Directions Bee Health and Related Best Management Practices in Field Crop Production - was launched in the fall of 2013. The priorities were developed in consultation with the Ontario Bee Health Working Group. A total of five pesticide-focused research proposals were awarded close to $1 million in funding, with projects looking at:
Projects are ongoing and their results will inform our adaptive management approach to the actions we take to improve pollinator health.
Partner Spotlight:
In 2015, the government kicked off the Bee Health Expert Network - a honey bee specific group that includes experts from the beekeeping industry. Efforts are directed specifically at disease surveillance. This group is part of the larger Ontario Animal Health Network (OAHN), a network that contributes to long-term outcomes for animal health and welfare.
Habitat Monitoring
Habitat monitoring will begin with the assessment of land cover data to identify which lands in Ontario are currently or potentially suitable for pollinator habitat. This will be the initial step in addressing the recognized gap in monitoring programs for wild pollinators.
Wild Pollinator and Honey Bee Monitoring
Wild pollinator monitoring allows us to understand species diversity and track pollinator populations over time.
Honey bee monitoring includes tracking beekeeper BMPs and the prevalence of pests, diseases and colony losses to assess the health status of the honey bee population.
Partner Spotlight:
Farms at Work is partnering with the University of Guelph to monitor native pollinators on farms in central Ontario. This project is a first for the province and will allow researchers and the farming community to work together to gather information about native pollinators and their importance on farms. In addition to this project, Farms at Work also installs on-farm plantings for pollinators, pollinator tours and training of new beekeepers.
Partner Spotlight:
The University of Guelph's Animal Health Laboratory has developed laboratory testing for honey bee pathogens and pests. This lab testing supports the Ministry's Apiary Program to enhance honey bee health monitoring.
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental monitoring includes assessing NNI and other pesticide residues in the environment, stream health (including the diversity of health of aquatic macro invertebrates), crop system practices, municipal water quality and corn and soybean pest pressures. The government will:
Please refer to the Exposure to Pesticides stressor for monitoring activities specific to information arising from the NNI-treated seed regulation.
The data collected from our monitoring programs will establish baseline data on the status of managed honey bees, wild pollinators and pesticide residues in the environment. This data will help track and measure plan progress. Setting research priorities and aligning and leveraging existing and new research programs will address key knowledge gaps related to pollinator health. Together, monitoring and research will help Ontario achieve a key goal of our Pollinator Health Strategy: Improved understanding and evidence related to pollinator populations and their health.
Education and Awareness
Through education and awareness programs we have an opportunity to engage Ontarians of all ages in our efforts to help pollinators. From individuals to schools, community groups and businesses - everyone can make a difference. Together, we can help provide pollinators with the resources they need to survive and thrive
How is the Ontario government promoting education and awareness of pollinators?
Various actions throughout the plan have an education and awareness component. For example:
In addition, the Ontario government will further engage Ontarians through the actions below to help provide pollinators with the resources they need to survive and thrive:
The Ontario government also recognizes that there is a need to educate and inspire students about how to take action to protect pollinators. We are exploring opportunities to incorporate pollinator health considerations into student curricula across the province. Several connections have already been made including with Niagara College, EcoSchools and Earth Rangers.
Partner Spotlight:
The Ontario government supported Pollinator Partnership Canada's development of new guidance materials for restoring, maintaining and enhancing pollinator habitat on a variety of landscapes across Ontario. These technical guidance documents identify opportunities to consider pollinators on agricultural lands, along roadsides and utility corridors, and at solar and wind farms. These documents will be an important resource for large-scale landowners and managers.
Partner Spotlight:
OMAFRA and Master Gardeners of Ontario: OMAFRA's pollinator exhibit at the 2016 Green Living Show featured a pollinator-friendly garden. OMAFRA partnered with the Master Gardeners of Ontario to provide volunteer Master Gardeners on-site throughout the three-day show. The Master Gardeners added tremendous value in educating visitors on gardening and pollinators, as well as answering visitors' questions.
Partner Spotlight:
To strengthen the management skills of Ontario's beekeeping sector, the Niagara-on-the-Lake campus of Niagara College will be offering a Commercial Beekeeping Program starting in January 2017. This three semester academic program will coincide with the normal annual lifecycle of a honey bee - from winter slumber, to honey extraction, to putting the honey bees back in their hives for overwintering.
Partner Spotlight:
Toronto, Canada's first Bee City, leads the way in promoting pollinator health in Ontario. Its efforts include:
Partner Spotlight:
The Ontario Horticultural Association (OHA) is a volunteer, charitable organization that provides leadership in promoting all areas of horticulture and related environmental issues in Ontario. Through an expanding network of 276 horticultural societies, the OHA supports community beautification projects that create pollinator-friendly habitat throughout the province. Projects include beautifying local parks, planting boxes in downtown areas, and creating and maintaining public gardens, often planted with pesticide-free native plants and nesting sites, around government buildings, hospitals, health and hospice centres. The OHA also develops conservation, youth and horticulture programs.
What are other organizations doing to increase pollinator health?
Several organizations are making important investments to support pollinator health throughout Ontario. Examples include:
Other organizations are also supporting pollinators. To acknowledge their support, the Ontario government has summarized the activities of many such organizations in the chart that follows. We hope to expand this list in the future as we become aware of even more efforts happening to improve pollinator health. If you are an organization contributing to the health of Ontario pollinators and are not listed here, please contact us in order for your efforts to be acknowledged on our website.
Collectively raising awareness of how simple actions - such as planting pollinator-friendly habitats - can improve pollinator health, Ontarians will achieve a key goal of the Pollinator Health Strategy: Increased awareness and knowledge about pollinators and ways to support them.
The province assumes no responsibility for independent stakeholder activity and this list is not a formal endorsement.
- "Ys" show their areas of expertise (AODA compliant).
Collectively raising awareness of how simple actions - such as planting pollinator-friendly habitats - can improve pollinator health, Ontarians will achieve a key goal of the Pollinator Health Strategy: Increased awareness and knowledge about pollinators and ways to support them.
Working Together to Implement the Plan
Pollinators are vital to a healthy ecosystem and they play a crucial role in Ontario's agriculture sector. By working together as partners and contributors, we can take actions that will support Ontario's pollinator populations and the ecosystem services they provide.
We have already begun work on several parts of the plan. We will be keeping our partners and the public informed on the progress of the plan, including reporting on our aspirational targets.
The plan identifies many opportunities for engaging Ontarians of all ages in our efforts to help pollinators. From individuals to schools, community groups and businesses - everyone has an important role to play. By working together we can collectively take steps to reverse pollinator losses and improve pollinator health across Ontario. Pollinators belong to all of us and we are all accountable for their protection.
We want to hear about what your organization does to help pollinators. Let us know by emailing: firstname.lastname@example.com.
Government Acronyms
Ontario's provincial government is working collaboratively toward improving pollinator health. Each of the following ministries is playing an active role in contributing to the goals and action item outcomes of the Pollinator Health Action Plan:
Other Acronyms Found Throughout the Plan:
Below are a few key pollinator definitions to refer to as you read the plan:
Best Management Practices (BMPs): BMP means a practice, or combination of practices, that is determined to be the most effective and efficient means of managing a possible issue or concern.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM): IPM is a long-term approach to pests that considers all management options to maintain pests below an economic injury level.
Managed Bees: Managed bees are those that have some of their needs looked after by humans. In Ontario agriculture, the most common managed bee is the honey bee, which pollinates a wide variety of horticultural crops and some field crops such as soybeans. One species of bumble bee is used extensively for pollination in the greenhouse vegetable sector. To a lesser extent, the alfalfa leafcutter bee and the blue orchard bee are managed to provide pollination services for alfalfa and tree fruits respectively.
Wild Pollinators: Wild pollinators exist naturally within the environment. In Ontario there are more than one thousand species of insects that pollinate flowering plants. Wild bees in particular are well-suited to pollinate a wide variety of plants. Over 400 species of wild bees have been identified in Ontario alone. To a lesser extent, other insects such as wasps, butterflies, moths, some flies and beetles, as well as one species of hummingbird, are known to pollinate in the province.
Pollinator Habitat: Pollinator habitat in Ontario is any area that provides nectar and pollen resources, nesting/overwintering sites or larval host plants that support populations of pollinators. Pollinator habitat can occur in natural areas as well as in agricultural and built-up settings.
Habitat Degradation: Land-use changes alter the availability and quality of pollinator food sources, such as flowers providing nectar and pollen, the availability of nesting sites, or the availability of host plants (for butterflies and moths).
Habitat Fragmentation: Habitat fragmentation occurs when habitat loss results in the division of large, continuous habitats into smaller, more isolated remnants. These remnants are surrounded by regions unsuitable for pollinators. Isolated, fragmented habitats lead to loss of genetic diversity and pollinator population declines or losses.
Habitat Loss: The destruction of habitats so they can no longer support the species present. In southern Ontario, the availability of pollinator food sources and nesting sites has been reduced through the conversion of habitat to intensive farmland and urban/industrial use, affecting both wild pollinators and honey bees.
For more information:
Toll Free: 1-877-424-1300
E-mail: email@example.com


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Embedded SBCs face uphill battle in IoT gateway market
With help from Intel, embedded SBC makers are now offering integrated hardware/software gateways to the Internet of Things in the face of already existing leadership positions by companies such as Eurotech and ADLINK. Read More
Bluetooth, babies, and bathwater
The role of mesh topologies in Bluetooth's IoT future and the challenge to preserve what works. Read More
The DBMS challenges ahead for embedded IoT
All IoT transactions will require data management services, so embedded database vendors are facing a new set of data management challenges. Read More
DSPs bolster MCUs for wireless designs
The target of chip vendors with new DSP-enhanced MCU and SoC designs is the next generation of wireless, wearable IoTs and a range of video and audio related consumer designs. Read More
Driver-aid system designers need to attend to inattention
Designers of the various navigation and information displays in modern automobiles do not factor in sufficiently the attention distracting effects of multitasking and task-switching. Read More
How Toyota evaluates static analysis tools
A paper published by Toyota's Technology InfoCenter is not only a good education on how to pick the right software code analysis tools, but when, where, and how to use them effectively. Read More
DIY boards ignite creativity boom
Do-it-yourself boards make possible countless research projects at universities and technical institutes that would not have been possible previously. Read More
All good things must end... including IPv4
The American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) has sent out an alert saying its share of the dwindling IPv4 addresses is near rock bottom, so it is going to a stricter procedure for approving requests for those that are left. Read More
New adventures in PCB design
Fritzing fills the the gap between tools for complete beginners and developers with some experience in printed circuit board design. Read More
Concerns over code reuse and quality
To meet tight development deadlines, software developers are using more third-party software without properly vetting it for code quality, safety, and security. Read More
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subset: commoncrawl


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Contact Information
Corporate Offices:
Keystone Correctional Services, Inc.
7201 Allentown Blvd.
Harrisburg, PA. 17112
717-651-0340 *1
Office Hours: 8:00-4:30 M-F
Preentrant, Terry L. Davis, can be reached by calling the Corporate Offices during work hours.
Work Release Control Room: 717-651-0340 *2
There is a shift supervisor available at all times and questions can be directed to that individual.
Facility Director, Mr. Jeffrey Troutman, has varied hours. He is generally available at the facility between 8:30 and early evening. Mr. Troutman is reachable in emergencies and as needed 24/7.
Re-entrant messages must be delivered through the control room staff. Re-entrants will not be permitted to come to the phone to talk to anyone. Any messages will be given to the reentrant at the first opportunity staff has to pass the message on.


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Last time, we learned about making simple cards, using just stamps and paper.
This week we are going to take it up a notch and talk about embossing to dress up your cards. Embossing is a great way to add some glam or sparkle to your cards and make them stand out.
The process is really simple, but will require a few new supplies
(these links are NOT affiliate links, I'm just trying to show you some examples)
To do embossing, you will need
- Stamp
- Embossing ink (regular ink works too, but this works a bit better)
- Embossing gun
- Embossing powder
You can emboss using any stamp that you have.
To emboss, you simply take your stamp, using the embossing ink (or regular ink) and stamp your design on the paper. Moving quickly, sprinkle the embossing powder on the wet ink. The embossing powder should stick to the ink. Tilt the paper and tap gently to remove the excess powder. I use am embossing tray to so that I don't waste any powder.
Then using an embossing gun (or toaster, or hair dryer, or other heat source), you heat up the embossing powder until it just melts and becomes shiny (overheating can cause it to look burned - and be careful of your fingers!). And that's it!
Here are some examples of cards that I have used embossing powder on.
Create and Share, Sugar and Spice, What I Whipped Up, Whatever Goes Wednesday, Show me what ya Got, Lil Luna, Wow me Wesdnesday, {Wow Me} Wednesday, Cast Party, Your Whims Wednesday, Fluster's Creative Muster, Wednesday Whatsit, Show and Share, Dream to Reality, Wow Us Wednesday, Super Linky Party, What We Wore, Read, and Made, Whatcha Work-Up, A Little Bird Told Me, And Sew We Craft Together, We did it!, We Made that!, Two Girls and a Party
Hooking up with HoH, Catch a Glimpse, Creative Juice, Chic and Crafty, Thursday Favorite Things, Live Laugh Linky, Creative Princess, Share your Cup, , Linky Party, Link it Up, Made you Look, Inspiration in Progress, Blog Stalking, Wildly Original, Showcase your Talent, Somewhat Simple, Keep Calm and Link Up, Five Little Chefs, Commercial Break, Lamberts Lately
Show and Tell Friday, Friday Favorites, Simply Create, Lovely Crafty Weekend, EBKTS, Weekend Wander, Weekend Show Off, Weekend Bloggy Reading, Flaunt it Friday, 504 Main, Friday Favs, Fancy This Friday, Flash Blog Friday, Finished Friday, Freedom Friday, Show off Friday, Happy Hour, Keep Calm and Link Up, Weekend Wonders, I'm loving it, Fiday Favs, Pity Party, Dare to Share, F Friday, Craftionary Link Party, Do Something Crafty, Get Crafty, Shine on Friday!
Weekend Wrap Up, Say G'day, Saturday Spotlight, Strut Your Stuff, Check me Out , Show and Tell, Saturday Spotlight, Your Great Idea, Simply Sweet Saturday, Share it Saturday, Saturday Show and Tell, No Rules Blog Party, Craft Create Inspire, Sunday Scoop, Sunday Showcase, Think Pink, Nifty Thrifty Sunday, Not Baaad Sunday, That DIY Party, Overflowing with Creativity Party, A Bouquet of Talent, Weekend Creative
Anti-Procrastination Tuesday, Homemade Tuesday, Nifty Thrifty Tuesday, Take a Look Tuesday, Too Cute Tuesday, One Project at a Time, Tasteful Tuesday, Tell me Tuesday, Trick or Treat Tuesday, Whatcha Whipped Up, Tuesday Talent Show, Two Cup Tuesday, Memories by the Mile, Totally Tasteful Tuesdays, Tuesday Confessional, Time for You Tuesday, Gathering Spot, Take it On Tuesday, You're Gonna Love it Tuesday, All my Bloggy Friends, Tuesday to Do, Pin it Tuesday


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26 Nov 2011
"This Gilf is a fucking machine"- Photo Courtesy of Sexy 60 Plus
I have written about milfs for quite some time. Even though I love that genre, I think that I may have beaten it to death. So I am heading in a different direction. Today, I am not going to be talking about milfs, but gilfs instead. Particularly the ones at Sexy 60 Plus.
Posted by David
22 Nov 2011
Searching For Middle Eastern Pussy
"Heading East has its Advantages" - Photo Courtesy of Real Arabs Exposed
Is there anything hotter than a beautiful middle Eastern babe? I don't think so and that is why I am a big fan of a porn site called Real Arabs Exposed. This site serves up some of the most beautiful, and exotic, middle Eastern women I have ever seen.
19 Nov 2011
All Aboard For Asian Porn
"What you looking at? I'm over here."- Photo Courtesy of Maiko XXX
There are few things that I like better than Asian porn. Actually, the list of things that I like more can probably be summed up on one hand. But one of the things that I like is getting three Asian porn sites for the price of one. Like what you can find on Maiko XXX.
17 Nov 2011
Hot Teens And Anal Porn...Yum!!
"Her Starfish Is Ready For Its Debut" - Photo Courtesy of Bang My Teen Ass
Trying to find a good anal porn site can be quite a chore sometimes. Especially if you don't know what sub-genre you like. There are all kinds of anal sites out there that cover a lot of different sub-niches. Today, we are going to be discussing an anal porn site in the teen genre. This site is aptly named Bang My Teen Ass.
13 Nov 2011
Is Japanese BDSM The Best In The World?
"She can't talk right now, she's tied up." - Photo Courtesy of Hardcore Punishments
Those of you who are looking for intense and very hardcore BDSM action need to look no further than Hardcore Punishments. This site not only delivers on the unspoken promises made by this genre but also takes it to a whole new level. Let's take a close look at it.
09 Nov 2011
Lesbians Love Tossing Salads
"Dont worry she's working her way down" - Photo Courtesy of Lesbo Rimjobs
We are all familiar with lesbian porn sites and each of us have probably seen hundreds of them. But today, I am going to talk about something you don't get to see all that often. Lesbian ass licking as provided by a site called Lesbian Rimjobs.
05 Nov 2011
Under The Spell Of Louisa May
"Busty, Beautiful And Good Tastes..she's a keeper" - Photo Courtesy of Louisa May
I think I fell in love today. Yeah I know that I have probably said that a time or two in my life, but this time I really mean it. I visited a solo girl porn site called Louisa May, named after its perky and vivacious performer and my jaw dropped to the floor. This babe is fucking hot.
01 Nov 2011
Spicy Latina Porn Good Enough To Eat
"She'll keep me warm this fall" - Photo Courtesy of Latina Sex Tapes
With the approach of fall coming fast to the Midwest, I start thinking of things to keep my myself warm as the temperature begins to drop. This is true of the type of foods that I make, as well as the type of porn I like to watch. Yes, it is the season for some spicy Latina porn such as Latina Sex Tapes.
Recent Blogs:
Amateur porn
Anal Sex
Asian Porn
BBW Porn
BDSM sites
Big Cock Hardcore
Big Tits
Blow Jobs
Cartoon Porn
Celebrity Sex
Christmas Porn
College Porn
Ebony Porn
Ethnic Porn
Euro Babes
Facials and Cumshots
Female Ejaculation
Fisting Porn
Foot Fetish
Gay Porn
Goth and Punk
Halloween Porn
Hand Jobs
Hardcore Indian Girls
Hardcore Porn
Hi Def Porn
Interracial Hardcore
Latina Porn
Machine Fucking
MILF Mature
Mobile Porn
Online Dating
Panties Porn
Porn Buses
Porn Stars
Reality Porn
Redhead Beauties
Russian Porn
Sex Stories
Softcore Porn
Sports and Porn
Strapon Sex
Vintage Porn
Virtual Reality
Web Cams


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I'm still very busy organizing everything in a new home.
On Friday we had Christmas Jumper Day at work and surprisingly my sweatshirt charmed everyone and I won sweets hi hi :D
Yesterday I was planning to go on Christmas Party but there was so much to do at home that I couldn't make myself ready on time.
And on the photos you can see my today's look ;) When I went outside I just threw oversized black coat over it :) Biker jackets do not need to be hidden when winter comes. I already have a few leather look jackets but each is different in details :) This one has the belt, which gives more biker-like and sharp character :) And I love this sweater despite the fact that it is pretty short, it really very warms me and has a pleasant, soft material ;)
That's all for today!
Take care !


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I am a day late, but I am joining Farley over at Oh Boy 4th Grade with this month's currently post:
Duck Dynasty just cracks me up! I love the humor on the show and how close the family is.
I just finished up a math packet for TPT for the 120th day of first grade. Our grade level chose to celebrate the 120th day of school. This is going to work well for me since our 100th day of school always ended up w/in a day of Valentine's day. One celebration a month is more than enough for me- Ha :).
|Find this on TPT
We are going on a week of sickness in my household and my middle child still has not been sick yet. I hope he is still healthy through tomorrow because he is getting tubes in his ears tomorrow morning. He has had ear infection since December and antibiotics are not helping. The poor kid cannot hear a thing with all that fluid in his ear. I am praying this is the answer.
The sickness is 4 days worth of feeling miserable- fever, awful cough, and ear pain. I am amazed at how little sleep I can actually function on :).
Spring Break is coming in a few weeks and I need that time to get my house in order. We are close to finally getting a new bathroom! I am also planning on organizing all the clothes and toys we are getting rid of this summer in a thrift sale.
Have a great week!


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Teamwork will make the dream work for Golden State
Basketball and statistics have forever been bedfellows. For decades, box scores showed each player's basic stats: minutes, field goals attempted (and made), free throws attempted (and made), fouls, rebounds, assists and points. Those numbers, while almost entirely focused on the offensive end of the court, were able to give a rudimentary overview of a player's basketball efficiency. Nowadays, as befits our modern sporting landscape, statistical evaluation of a player is suitably advanced and wide-ranging. Rather than cold, hard numbers, tallied by someone sitting at the side of the court, equations and algorithms conspire to give a more analytical, mathematical assessment of the production of NBA players and teams.
Such analytics will tell you that the 2014/15 Golden State Warriors are one of the best NBA teams of all time, and heavy favourites to win the NBA Finals against the narrative-laden Cleveland Cavaliers. They are accurate assessments that reflect the strength of this team, and they are more than enough to persuade someone to bet on the Warriors to win the title (as I did in January with the price still 6-1). But ultimately, this team must be seen to be believed, and that's why I insist that anyone reading watches the NBA Finals, especially those who have perhaps seen a bit of NBA action but 'didn't think it was for them'.
The Warriors are led by the league's MVP Steph Curry, as exhilarating on the court as Lionel Messi is on the pitch, while equally as humble (and much more entertaining) off it. The comparisons continue: like Messi, Curry is no maverick, privileging team ethic and hard work over individual glory or ego. Yet crucially, and just like the mesmerising Messi, Curry has both the remit and the ability to blow the minds of spectators and boggle those of opponents, to make blink veteran viewers who think they have seen it all, and, this season more than ever, the skinny kid with the weak ankles (who must also be known as the Greatest Shooter of All Time) has done so again and again. It's not just about Curry. The Warriors have wheeled, dealed and drafted their way into just about the strongest, deepest roster that is feasibly possible in a salary-capped league. They have two former All Stars coming off the bench, for goodness sake.
Of course, since LeBron James hit the peak of his powers in 2007, his mere presence on a team has been enough to take it to the NBA Finals on six out of nine occasions. The best player since Michael Jordan, LeBron is still operating at a completely transcendent level in all aspects of the game, and the ridiculously simple advantage of 'having LeBron' cannot be under-estimated, nor perhaps quantified. Unfortunately, with a supporting cast of teammates that often seem to find themselves wearing casts, LeBron's current level of basketball – which both basic and advanced statistics will tell you represents potentially the best NBA post-season performance of all-time – will still not be enough to take himself, and his hometown team, to glory. LeBron's unrivalled set of skills and will to win should be enough to avoid a sweep, but despite the cult of the individual often taking precedence within the media, basketball is, of course, a team game, and as one of the best teams of all time, I expect the Golden State Warriors to win the series either 4-1, or 4-2.
ALI MAXWELL is about to graduate with a degree in French, and is looking to enter the world of Broadcasting and Sports Media, specifically focusing on basketball and English and European football (soccer). Follow him on Twitter.


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links for 2008-08-03 [delicious.com]
By Tom Watson on August 4, 2008No Comment
Another great post from the best political blogger on the right: "The stereotype is almost perfect. Conservative bloggers are content to act like pundits, while liberal bloggers are activists."
A new platform slated for this fall, with a "free-giving" sponsorship model: "we're connecting a network of like-minded parties that include individuals, corporations and global charities. We're developing a comprehensive platform that supports and provides high value to all the members of our network."


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hosted by Karen @ Books and Chocolate.
There are 12 categories, but you don't have to do them all. You can select which ones appeal to you and still qualify for the draw.
Complete six categories, and you get one entry in the drawing
Complete nine categories, and you get two entries in the drawing
Complete all twelve categories, and you get three entries in the drawing
Here are the books I will read for each category.
1. A 19th century classic - any book published between 1800 and 1899 - Sense and Sensibility by Jane Austen
2. A 20th century classic - any book published between 1900 and 1967. Just like last year, all books MUST have been published at least 50 years ago to qualify. The only exception is books written at least 50 years ago, but published later, such as posthumous publications - The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath
3. A classic by a woman author - Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte
4. A classic in translation. Any book originally written published in a language other than your native language. Feel free to read the book in your language or the original language. (You can also read books in translation for any of the other categories) - Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes
5. A classic published before 1800. Plays and epic poems are acceptable in this category - Much Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare
6. A romance classic. I'm pretty flexible here about the definition of romance. It can have a happy ending or a sad ending, as long as there is a strong romantic element to the plot - Mansfield Park by Jane Austen
7. A Gothic or horror classic. For a good definition of what makes a book Gothic, and an excellent list of possible reads, please see this list on Goodreads - The Woman in White by Wilkie Collins
8. A classic with a number in the title. Examples include A Tale of Two Cities, Three Men in a Boat, The Nine Tailors, Henry V, Fahrenheit 451, etc. An actual number is required -- for example, Agatha Christie's And Then There Were None would not qualify, but The Seven Dials Mystery would - Catch-22 by Joseph Heller
9. A classic about an animal or which includes the name of an animal in the title. It can be an actual animal or a metaphor, or just the name in the title. Examples include To Kill a Mockingbird, Of Mice and Men, The Metamorphosis, White Fang, etc. If the animal is not obvious, please clarify it in your post - The Hound of the Baskervilles by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
10. A classic set in a place you'd like to visit. It can be real or imaginary: The Wizard of Oz, Down and Out in Paris and London, Death on the Nile, etc - The Three Musketeers by Alexandre Dumas (I'd love to visit Paris and England)
11. An award-winning classic. It could be the Newbery award, the Prix Goncourt, the Pulitzer Prize, the James Tait Award, etc. Any award, just mention in your blog post what award your choice received - Rebecca by Daphne du Maurie (1938 National Book Award for Fiction)
12. A Russian classic. 2017 will be the 100th anniversary of the Russian Revolution, so read a classic by any Russian author - The Brothers Karamazov by Fyodor Dostoevsky


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Early research at Southern Illinois University in Carbondale, IL, found the zebra mussel removes solids and some nutrients from diluted liquid swine manure.
The researchers found a 90% improvement in the amount of suspended solids in the liquid manure. The mussels also appeared to reduce odor.
The zebra mussel, considered a detriment to freshwater ecosystems, is a natural water filter. It constantly pulls water through its body, filtering out nutrients it needs to live. The remaining particles are coated in a mucus-like film called pseudofeces, which settle out of the water.
Researchers now are trying to determine if the mussels or the pseudofeces have value as a plant nutrient. Researchers also are looking at how to include the mussels in a waste-treatment system.


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Caroline LeConte Morris Correspondence
Browse Finding Aid:
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Preferred Citation
Please use the following format when citing materials from this collection:
Caroline LeConte Morris Papers, Mount Holyoke College, Archives and Special Collections, South Hadley, MA
History of the Collection
Summary of Correspondence, 1839-1841
The 17 letters written by Caroline LeConte while she was a student at Mount Holyoke Seminary are dated between January 8, 1839 and June 28, 1841. The collection also includes an essay dated June 24, 1840 entitled "A visit to Mt.Holyoke". All the letters are addressed to various members of her family. She was one of seven children living on a farm in Ovid, a small town halfway between Geneva and Ithaca in the Finger Lake area of New York State.
Of special note:
By CR Ludwig. December 1987.


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Product Lines
High Velocity Dual-Flow®
Baldwin Filters' High Velocity Dual-Flow lube filters provide improved engine protection during extended oil drain intervals, high idle time and harsh operating conditions. The patented design of the High Velocity Dual-Flow filters provides maximum filtration, while the heavy-duty construction ensures dependable operation.
The Baldwin Design
Baldwin Filters' High Velocity Dual-Flow line includes dual-flow lube filters to be used on Cummins ISM, ISX and Series 600 engines as replacements for the Fleetguard Venturi™ filter line.
There are differences between standard dual-flow lube spin-on filters and the High Velocity Dual-Flow filters.
High Velocity Dual-Flow spin-ons have one inlet and one outlet. Oil flowing through the filter is sent directly to the engine to protect vital engine components, rather than a portion being returned to the sump as with conventional dual-flow filters.
The High Velocity Dual-Flow spin-on design is also superior to standard full-flow/by-pass designs in that a larger portion of the flow travels through the high efficiency element, removing more small contaminants. In traditional full-flow/by-pass designs, only a small percentage of flow, 10% or less, travels through the high efficiency element.


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Envac corporate web: www.envacgroup.com
The client
City Development Ltd
30 Beach Rd, 189763
Year completed
About South Beach
South Beach hotel is develop along Beach Road as it is in close proximity with town area such as Bugis and City Hall. It is a tourist attraction for the uniquely old town of Singapore. The unique feature of this hotel is that it has a video wall that is artistic in design, having a pool bar for relaxation and social meet ups and a top grade gym in the hotel. Also it has a grand function room for hosting events in the hotel.
PWCS at South Beach
At the Envac system is installed to serve 150 units of residential apartments. The system is designed to collect general waste.
The network of refuse pipes connects the refuse chutes from the block to the collection station.
The system is installed for with 2 discharge valves and 170 meters of refuse pipes.


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TGIF Cocktail Recipes of the Day: Halloween Cocktails Ideas
Get ready and celebrate Halloween this year in the best way possible with fancy and yummy cocktails (and yes candy too). To get you started, take a peek at some recipes below. 🙂
El Cráneo Blanco
*Created by Masa Urushido of Saxon + Parole
Tres Agaves Reposado Tequila
1Ž2 part Mezcal
3Ž4 part Fino Sherry
1Ž2 part pear liqueur
Directions:Stir ingredients and strain over large ice cube. Garnish with a lemon twist (optional).
Pumpkin Harvest
2 oz Amaro Montenegro
0.75 oz lime juice
1 oz pumpkin puree
1 oz Coco Lopez
Pumpkin Spice
Directions: Add all ingredients and one cup crushed ice to a blender. Blend until smooth. Pour into a small hurricane glass and garnish with a float of dark rum and pumpkin spice.
Apple Barrel
2 parts Hornitos® Black Barrel® Tequila
1 part apple cider
¾ part fresh lime juice
½ part maple syrup
3 dashes Angostura® bitters
Apple slice
Directions: Combine ingredients in a shaker with ice and shake vigorously. Strain into a rocks glass over fresh ice. Garnish with an apple slice.
Purple Haze Martini
2 parts Pinnacle® Original Vodka
2 parts DeKuyper® Pucker® Grape Schnapps
Splash Sour Mix
Splash Lemon-Lime Soda
Directions: Add ingredients to an ice-filled shaker. Shake and strain into a chilled martini glass.
The Darke Daiquiri
*Created by Willy Shine, Brand Meister
1 Part Jägermeister
1 Part Aged Rum
¾ part fresh Lime Juice
¾ part 1-1 Simple Syrup
½ Part Egg White
1 Capsule Activated Charcoal
Glass: 5-7 oz Coup
Garnish: Orange Oil and Peel
Method: Shake & Strain
Directions: Skull Stencil Method: Edible ink airbrush with green & gold Edible gold flakes in the eyes
The Sacrifice
*Created by Stephen Halpin
2 oz Patrón Extra Anejo*
1/2 oz Patrón Aged Orange Liquor*
1/4 oz Simple Syrup
1 1/2 teaspoons Orange Juice
1 teaspoon Lemon Juice
2 dashes Angostura Bitters
Directions: Combine ingredients in a shaker tin with ice and shake until chilled. Strain and serve up into a chilled Nick & Nora or coupe glass with twist of lemon.
Pumpkin Flip
1.25 oz. NOLET'S Silver Dry Gin
1 oz. Pumpkin Puree
1 Whole Egg
.5 oz. Maple Syrup
1 Bar Spoon Sugar
Directions: Combine all ingredients in a mixing glass. Dry shake until emulsified (about one minute). Add ice and shake again, vigorously. Double strain into a martini glass. Dust the top with nutmeg to garnish.
Woodford Reserve Apple Cider
4 ounces hot fresh apple cider
2 ounces Woodford Reserve
*1 ounces brown sugar syrup (recipe below)
For the syrup: Combine equal parts water and brown sugar. Bring to a boil until sugar is dissolved. Remove from heat and let cool.
Directions: Shake all ingredients with ice and pour into a tall glass.
Belvedere Bitter Berries
1 oz Belvedere Wild Berry
1 oz Averna
Fever-Tree Elderflower Tonic
Directions: Add Belvedere Wild Berry and Averna to a highball glass. Add ice and top with Fever-Tree Elderflower Tonic. Garnish with a lemon wheel and berry.
Papa's Pumpkin Pie
1 3/4 oz. Don Papa Rum
1/2 oz. Pumpkin puree
1/2 oz. Pumpkin spice syrup
Two dashes of orange bitters
3/4 oz. Lime juice
Mint sprig and icing sugar
Directions:Shake & serve!


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Fascinating Design Ideas for Living Room that Can Change The Mood
As you know, there are many different ways in which living rooms can be prepared. Since we suggest that it is better to be an individual, it is necessary to consider what suits your personality and lifestyle better. Once you make decisions about larger items, such as wall color or flooring, you can start questioning other features in space. Do you prefer to explode in bright colors or operate safely with silent tones? Function and long-term use is no less important than appearance, so do not take into account that your tastes may change. Of course, it is possible to combine different needs and needs together. However, the sooner you know in advance, the easier it is to implement these ideas both now and in the future. Browse through the above images for some great Design Ideas for Living Room as well as living room designs.
- triangle wooden white ceiling, white ceiling fan, dark leg glass rectangle table, cream velvet couch.
- dark brown velvet couch, cream armchair, white armchair, white wooden bookshelf, zig zag pattern rug.
- lack white plaid curtain, dark accent wall, grey couch, green cushion, broken white rug, chandelier lamp.
- modified ellipse white pendant lamp, white blue stripes rug, dark blue decorative backseat couch.
- white brick wall, black frame picture wall decor, wooden leg blue rug, black cube white seat sofa stool.
- stacked wood wall decor, modified cube white armchair, white couch, brown wooden square coffee table.
- letter L dark grey sofa, silver steel rounded coffee table, white grey pattern armchair and sofa stool.
- white grey stripes curtain, white wooden frame grey seat armchair, white couch, wooden rouned table.
- flower pattern curtain, white letter L sofa, rectangle brown wooden table, brown rug, grey cabinet.
- beige curtain, dark brown decorated sofa bench, brown white pattern rug, beige decorated sofa.


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You can package your compiled workbook into a Setup program. Setup programs are interesting because they can install several files (additional files like readme), show license agreements, create shortcuts to your compiled workbook, and offer an uninstaller to let end users remove any trace of your compiled workbook from their computer.
In some clicks, XLS Padlock can generate a customizable installer for your workbook:
You need to fill in the three fields "Destination path", "Setup title" and "Your Application Name". Then press Generate Setup to create the project. XLS Padlock will then create a Setup program that you can customize according to your needs.
XLS Padlock uses our installer software "Paquet Builder" to generate custom and compact Setup programs. It must be installed on your computer before you can use this feature.
Setup programs are optional. You don't need a Setup program to share your compiled workbook with others, but it gives additional functionality.
Copyright © G.D.G. Software 2019. All rights reserved.


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Upgraded to a bigger tank and have a empty 55 gallon tank and stand I would like to move out. I do need some more live rock and would be willing to trade the tank, stand, and 30 gallon sump for some. Shoot me a email and let me know what you can do. I need base rock so I am not looking for live rock that is over $3.00/Ib.
I would have enclosed a pic with posting but I seem to have trouble uploading...always tells me file is too big.
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55 gallon tank and stand FS/TradeBuy, Sell, Trade, Extra Parts? List it here. Reef/tank-related only, please.
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Eastbourne fans will be focussing on two riders in particular as the Mitas British Youth Championship comes to Arlington on Saturday.
They are Tom Brennan, from Hassocks, in the 500cc class and Nathan Ablitt, from Battle, in the 150cc support class.
After six rounds have been completed and two rounds to go, the 500cc conclusion is not for the faint hearted.
The 500cc class is a straight race for the title between the two riders who have been vying for the top spot all year - Tom Brennan, who has recently made his National League debut for the Eastbourne IT First Eagles, and Kyle Bickley who comes from Workington.
Current third-place rider Jordan Jenkins has an outside chance of sneaking the title if he was to win the last two rounds.
The championship is run over eight rounds with each rider being able to drop one round.
With Bickley and Brennan dropping their worst round to date, Bickley is leading the championship by four points, with Jenkins a further 13 points behind Bickley.
Also competing in the 500cc class is 14-year-old Luke Woodhull who has qualified for the last four finals, so is in good form.
A number of former youth championship riders have made their National League debuts this year including Birmingham's Jack Parkinson Blackburn, Coventry's Jamie Halder, Sam Bebee, Taylor Hampshire, Kean Dicken and Sam Woolley.
Another Eastbourne junior, Nathan Ablitt, will be looking to keep up his remarkable record in the 150cc class.
British youth speedway boss Neil Vatcher said: "Probably the most amazing story to come out of this year's series to date is that Nathan Ablitt has yet to lose a race in the whole series.
"With two rounds to go, can Ablitt be the first rider ever to go a whole eight round series undefeated?"
Also in the 150cc class, other local riders to the Eastbourne competing on Saturday are James Laker, Mason O'Rourke and Jamie Bursill.
In the 250cc class Leon Flint who hails from Berwick near the Scottish Borders is leading the series by four points from Jason Edwards again at this stage with each of the competitors dropping their worst round, so again in this class with thirty six points still available over the remaining two rounds certainly all still to play for.
Drew Kemp looks certain to claim the third place prize in this class, unless he can finish the series with two wins to put the pressure on both Flint and Edwards.
In the 125cc class with both the McGurk brothers and Thompson Twins away in the Czech Republic competing for the European 125cc title, there is still a good turn-out in this class with Yorkshire boy Jordan Palin favourite to claim his second win of this year's series, although don't rule out Mickie Simpson and nine year old Luke Harrison.
Across the four classes there will be thirty riders competing in thirty four races. The racing begins at 6pm.
Don't miss out on all the latest breaking news where you live.
Here are four ways you can be sure you'll be amongst the first to know what's going on.
1 Make this website your homepage
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Course Reviews
Most of us find out what a local golf course is like while talking with other golfers. But the Web is a great place to find out about courses that are far away. You can uncover the course details, layout and even reserve a time. The following sites offer course reviews, tips and/or help in selecting a course. These pages will open in a new window.
Lists over 10,000 golf and ski properties in vacation destinations.
Contribute your own golf course opinion here. Not many reviews yet though.
Golf at Half Price
Offers various golf course discount directories and coupon packages.
The Golf Guide
A great guide to golf courses.
Tons of info, including course reviews and descriptions.
GolfREVIEW has 16,000 courses in its database. Read a review or write your own.
Tee Time
Offers golfing travel packages and deals on golf destinations. Members get discounts on greens fees, range use, merchandise, lessons and more.


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Review of Whistle Stops: A Locomotive Serial Poem
"For some time now I'd been looking forward to Toronto poet Emily Izsak's first trade poetry collection, Whistle Stops: A Locomotive Serial Poem. Whistle Stops is constructed out of an extended sequence, with a shorter sequence included as a kind of coda. The poems in the title section run from the end of August to the middle of April, utilizing notation-as-title, specifying destination and time of each trip, alternating "London" and Toronto's "Union Station." The specificity of her titles are reminiscent, slightly, of the day book poems of Gil McElroy's ongoing "Julian Days," as he too titles his poems with a precise date (via the Julian Day calendar; given so few are aware of the workings of the calendar, the specifics might be there, but the effect is obviously and deliberately softened) and composing a poem using details in such a way as to work against precise description and narrative, instead focusing on sound, shape and language. As she writes to open the poem "MAR 1ST 74 TO UNION STATION 07:35": "Distance seeks luxury / among the cedars / offstage decoys // guide our larvae / to a pagan grasp / of self portraiture [.]" Most of the poems in the first section have the effect of short, sketched meditations, but also allow for the possibility of other formal and informal intention and invention, and even allowing for the possibility of poems constructed out of anything and everything, while still connecting to the other pieces via the open-ended structure. Each poem might exist on its own (presumably composed during the train jaunt referenced in each poem's title), but each live in conjunction with every other poem in the collection.
There have been numerous books composed on trains (I've even done my own, more than once), and the extended travel of trains somehow lends itself well to the composition of longer works, whether long poems, sequences or suites. In so many ways, the hours of rattle and rail can't help it. Curiously, the effect of such poems-in-transit suggest that each piece is composed in the same "place," writing out both the samenessess and differences of a new day along the same track (much like Auggie's photographs in the 1995 movie Smoke, or Frank O'Hara's infamous 1964 collection, Lunch Poems). The samenessess allow for structure, but the differences, however slight, contain multitudes.
Read the full review at http://robmclennan.blogspot.ca/2017/05/emily-izsak-whistle-stops-locomotive.html
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