text:
Nappies and Baby Wipes - UK - August 2010
Mintel last reported on the market for nappies and baby wipes in April 2008. The market has continued to grow, despite the ongoing downward pressure on prices from promotional deals and own-label products.
- Despite the recession, sales of nappies and wipes have held up strongly as consumers continue to want the best for their babies. Consumer spending on nappies and wipes grew by 16% over 2005-10 to reach £640m. Within this total, sales of nappies grew by 14% to reach £433m, while sales of wipes grew by 19% to reach £207m.
- Growth has been helped by a rise in the birth rate, with 8% more babies forecast to be born in 2010 than in 2005. Significant new product development by the leading brands Pampers (P&G) and Huggies (Kimberly-Clark) has helped drive demand for mainstream products, as well as developing more demand for products that extend usage, such as training pants, pyjama pants and nappy pants for older children. Similarly new product development in wipes emphasises the gentle and natural formulations for delicate baby skin.
- With no growth in the birth rate predicted for 2010-15 we still expect sales of nappies and wipes to grow by 10% between 2010-15 to reach £702m.
- There is heightened price sensitivity because of the recession and an estimated three quarters of nappies are bought on promotion. The recession could have brought about a mass desertion to own-label nappies, which tend to make similar claims to the leading brands, but are significantly cheaper. Yet the two dominant brands Pampers (P&G) and Huggies (Kimberly-Clark) have held up well, achieving a combined 79% share because of their emphasis on performance, fit and comfort.
- Almost three quarters of adults agree that they have a duty to recycle, but only a third are prepared to pay more for an environmentally-friendly product. And few would sacrifice performance, convenience and reliability for a more environmental product. A third of adults with children age 0-4 agree that disposable nappies are bad for the environment, but they use them anyway.
- For the future it is likely that the leading brands will develop an eco-alternative, using new materials to make disposable nappies more compostable and this will help them to cement their share of the market. In the short term, the leading brands will continue to improve dryness, comfort and fit, but as these are already very advanced we expect to see them build more style appeal into their brands including character merchandising, styling and fashion.
What you get
What's included
- Consumer Attitudes and Behaviour
- Market data
- Competitive analysis
- Risks and Opportunities
- What's Next
- Market Trends
This market report provides in-depth analysis and insight supported by a range of data. At the same time, introductory and top-level content is provided to give you an overview of the issues covered.
Mintel provides a range of market information, frequently through the category level, including market size and forecasting, complete with market drivers that illustrate the forces that shape a category or market.
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Mintel provides overviews of the top brands and manufacturers, and uses consumer research to explore attitudes and reactions to brands, as well as insight into what will resonate with consumers.
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Table of contents
Issues in the Market
- Key themes
- Definition
- Abbreviations
Future Opportunities
- Deal making in a recession
- What kind of value?
- Tapping into consumers' enviro-guilt
- Sustainable for all parties involved
- Stylish babies
- Design-inspired brand extensions
- Deal making in a recession
Market in Brief
- Steady growth helped by rising number of infants
- Vast numbers of nappies each day
- Putting a price on the environment
- Are washables really a suitable substitute?
- Brand loyalty for one in three
- Thriftier shopping in the recession
- Growth in ABs will favour enviro-brands
- The age of indulgent mothers
- Plenty of product innovation
- Market for nappies dominated by two leading brands
- Mintel survey confirms major brands
- Three leading players in wipes
- Four main types of consumer
- Fall in above-the-line advertising
- One-stop shopping rules
- Outlook
- Steady growth helped by rising number of infants
Internal Market Environment
- Key points
- Children wearing nappies by age
- Figure 1: Children wearing nappies, by age, 2004
- Gradual decrease in nappies per day
- Potty training the same for disposables and washables
- Over 3,700 nappies per child
- Innovation required to drive growth
- Parents unlikely to forego convenience
- Number of births, UK 2005-15
- Figure 2: Number of births, UK, 2005-15
- The infant population of the UK
- Figure 3: Infant population of the UK, 2005-15
- Attitudes towards the environment
- Figure 4: Trends in attitudes towards the environment, 2003-09
- Nappies make a major contribution to landfill
- How disposable nappies are made up
- Why aren't disposable nappies recycled?
- New recycling technology emerging
- Manufacturers making moves to reduce environmental impact
- Even friendlier nappy designs
- Examples of eco-friendly disposables
- The washables debate
- Science compares the carbon footprint
- Consumer objections to washable nappies
- Key points
Broader Market Environment
- Key points
- Tough times in the UK economy
- Figure 5: Changing grocery shopping habits, January 2009-June 2010
- Consumer confidence is lower
- How will VAT affect disposable nappies?
- Potential for government intervention
- Socio-economic structure of the population
- Figure 6: Forecast adult population trends, by socio-economic group, 2005-15
- Older mothers
- Figure 7: Child population, birth statistics and mean age of women at childbirth, UK, 2005-15
- First-time mums getting older
- Doing what's right for the baby
- Busy lives
- Figure 8: Working status – women with own children aged under 5, by socio-economic group, 2009
- Disposables for childcare
- Figure 9: Number of registered childcare places in daycare in England, 2005-10
- Key points
Competitive Context
- Key points
- The main nappy choices
- Nappy services
- Competition for wipes
- Cutting the household budget
- Figure 10: Estimated retail sales for selected infant care categories, 2005-10
- Medication sluggish growth
- Volumes up in toiletries
- Growth in baby milk
- New products fuel growth in baby meals
- Nursery equipment
- Key points
Strengths and Weaknesses
- Strengths
- Weaknesses
- Strengths
Who's Innovating?
- Key points
- Asda launches Baby Club
- P&G launches Simply Dry
- Pampers gets thinner and lighter
- Pampers expands into night-time niche
- Huggies wipes target mess
- Huggies overhauls packaging designs
- Huggies relaunches Pull-Ups
- Key points
Market Size and Forecast
- Key points
- Figure 11: UK retail value sales of disposable nappies and wipes, 2005-15
- Forecast
- Factors used for the forecast
- Key points
Segment Performance
- Key points
- Nappies
- Figure 12: UK retail value sales of disposable nappies, 2005-15
- Nappies helped by higher birth rate
- More new product developments
- New materials likely
- Fashion and character merchandising
- Trainer pants grow share of the market
- Figure 13: UK retail value sales of disposable nappies, by type, 2007 and 2009
- Training pants instead of juniors
- Figure 14: UK retail value sales of nappies, by size/type, 2009
- Wipes
- Figure 15: UK retail value sales of baby wipes, 2005-15
- More babies fuel wipes growth
- Gentler formulations
- More market niche developments
- Wipes on the move
- Refills dominate the market
- Figure 16: UK retail value sales of disposable baby wipes, by pack type, 2007 and 2009
- Key points
Market Share
- Key points
- Disposable nappies brand share
- Figure 17: Brands' value shares of disposable nappies, 2007 and 2009
- Baby wipes brand share
- Figure 18: Brands' value shares of baby wipes, 2007 and 2009
- Key points
Companies and Products
- Brand map
- Figure 19: Brand map for nappies and wipes, May 2010
- Major players
- Procter & Gamble (Pampers)
- Johnson & Johnson
- Kimberly-Clark
- Boots
- Ontex (Moltex Öko)
- Naty
- Multibrands (Tushies)
- Abena (Bambo)
- Brand map
Brand Communication and Promotion
- Key points
- Topline adspend
- Figure 20: Main media above-the-line adspend on nappies and wipes, 2005-09
- Advertisers
- Figure 21: Above-the-line adspend on nappies and wipes, % by company, 2005-09
- Media type
- Figure 22: Above-the-line adspend on nappies and wipes, % by media type, 2005-09
- Key points
Channels to Market
- Key points
- Retail distribution of disposable nappies
- Figure 23: UK retail value sales of disposable nappies, by outlet type, 2005-09
- The power of the grocers
- Trust in Boots
- Emergency shopping
- Community pharmacies
- Other drugstores and retailers
- Retail distribution of wipes
- Figure 24: Retail distribution of baby wipes, 2005-09
- Key points
The Consumer – Brand or Types of Nappies Used
- Key points
- Figure 25: Brands or types of nappies used, June 2010
- Pampers and Huggies out in front
- Strong challenge by supermarket own-labels
- Pharmacies less convenient?
- Weak showing for discounters despite recession
- Parents aren't saving the planet
- Key points
Attitudes Towards Baby Wipes
- Key points
- Figure 26: Attitudes towards baby wipes, June 2010
- Who uses baby wipes?
- The lure of a deal
- Fragrance free
- Environmental matters
- Key points
Attitudes Towards Nappies
- Key points
- Attitudes towards nappies
- Figure 27: Attitudes towards nappies, June 2010
- High levels of brand loyalty (but not for the free samples)
- Bulk buying saves cash
- Switching to make savings
- The cheaper ones suit us fine
- Guilt trip
- Too pricey to go green
- Low-scoring washables
- Home delivery is unpopular
- Little notice of websites
- One in ten use a night-time nappy
- Figure 28: Attitudes towards nappies, by brands or type of nappy used, June 2010
- Key points
Target Groups
- Figure 29: Customer typologies for nappies, June 2010
- Brand Believers (36%)
- Who are they?
- What brands do they use?
- Premium Loyals (16%)
- Who are they?
- What brands do they use?
- Thrifty Branders (33%)
- Who are they?
- What brands do they use?
- Cheaper Performers (15%)
- Who are they?
- What brands do they use?
- How the target groups think about wipes
- Figure 30: Statements on baby wipes, by target groups, June 2010
Appendix – Internal Market Environment
- Figure 31: Use of disposable nappies, by demographics, 2009
- Figure 32: Usage and frequency of use of baby wipes/pre-moistened tissues, by demographics, 2009
Appendix – Brand or Types of Nappies Used
- Figure 33: Brands or types of nappies used, by demographics, June 2010
Appendix – Attitudes Towards Nappies
- Figure 34: Attitudes towards nappies, by demographics, June 2010
Appendix – Target Groups
- Figure 35: Target groups, by demographics, June 2010
- Figure 36: Attitudes towards nappies, by target groups, June 2010
- Figure 37: Brands or types of nappies used, by target groups, June 2010
- Figure 38: Statements on baby wipes, by target groups, June 2010


text:
Methods of Science
Empiricists trust experience, while rationalists rely
On axiomatic principles, which logic can amplify.
The former eschew foundations, which philosophers often dispute;
The latter say observation's flawed, so reason's the surest route.
Empiricists test their own theories, which they modify if they need to,
But deductions suffice for rationalists, whatever result they lead to.
The former cry "Metaphysics, ha! What good has it done mankind?"
The latter dismiss them as pragmatists, and damn them as unrefined.
This leads to much indignation, as conflicting hypotheses clash;
At times, discussions get out of hand, and the mods consign them to Trash.
To give up a personal theory, on which one has lavished much care,
And bow to more cogent argument, is more than some folk can bear.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
For fans of crochet hook this clips will be very useful. I put it in my catalog free pattern. Other clips HOW TO KNIT - MAKING AN I CORD
are located here http://lanahobby.blogspot.com/2009/08/how-to-knit-making-i-cord.html/>
If you are working in sets of 4, you can combine your loops at the single crochet row. There are a few ways that I can think of. The first would be combining 8 loops with 4 single crochet at each end. If you want more of a gradual decrease, you could combine 2 loops with the first set of 4 and two loops with the second set of 4 at both sides. The last way would be to work 2 single crochet on the last two sets of loops on both sides.
Broomstick Lace Crochet.
1 comment :
- babynme2 said...
OOh I wish I could knit a bit better!! Great blog!
- August 27, 2009 at 5:14 PM
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text:
Andreas Rossberg defined a concise and elegant type system for the concatenative language Cat created by Christopher Diggins that makes clear, once and for all, that the nature of the paradigm is solidly functional, point-free and higher order in a way that, as John Nowak remarks, goes beyond the original conception of Backus' FP. Here I wish to contribute to fixing these important ideas by presenting an extremely simple yet complete type inferencer for Cat. The idea is to show the most clear program I'm capable of, valuing above all purity and clarity and eschewing all performance considerations. I follow both the original definition in LtU and the Cat paper linked above.
As is usual with OCaml, there's a tension between a literate style of programming and the mandates of the forward-only definitions in a program module. This is why I choose to do away with the important but ultimately irrelevant minutiae, and proceed to the core of the program. These definitions are important but part of my personal prelude, so I present them first instead of at the point of their first usage so as to get them out of the way.
f % g is the composition of functions f and g.
f $ x is the application of argument x to function f.
thread applies f to the corresponding projections of its pair arguments.
let (%) f g x = f (g x) let ($) f x = f x let thread f (a, x) (b, y) = (f a b, f x y)
Some of the latter functions require operating on sets of variables, substitutions and the like. The big advantage of using lists to represent sets is that they are polymorphic for free, by using [Pervasives.compare]. If the expected number of elements is rather small, they are not too terribly inefficient. The union-as-merge algorithm to find the union of lists l and r is absolutely standard.
let rec union l r = match l, r with | [], xs | xs, [] -> xs | x :: xs, y :: ys -> let c = compare x y in if c < 0 then x :: union xs r else if c > 0 then y :: union l ys else x :: union xs ys
The type system devised by Andreas Rossberg is two-kinded: one kind for "atomic" types, and another for row types. The intention is that row types capture the entire program stack, while atomic types capture individual elements of it. This makes not only for a simpler presentation but also for a strictly consistent definition at the abstract syntax level, backed up by the types. The counterpart of this rigor is that structural recursion is duplicated for each kind.
The base atomic types are
TInt, the type of numbers, and
TBol, the type of truth values. The type of functions is
TArr (r, r'). Since functions affect the whole program stack, both the source r and target r' types are row types. Type variables
TVar n represent any type, and are implicitly universally quantified. The reason for this will be clear when I show the typing rules; suffice to say that, as John Nowak keenly remarks over at Reddit, the only values in a pure concatenative language are point-free functions, and so there is no need nor any way to use binders to introduce polymorphism, and types like ∀α.α that aren't inhabited actually are impossible. For this reason and simplicity in handling, variables are "named" as integers. They don't correspond to De Bruijn indices, as there is no binding construct in this type system.
The row types are
RRow (r, t) describing a stack with the atomic type t on top, and the rest represented by the row type r. Much like with atomic type variables, a row type variable is represented by
RVar n, with integer "name" n.
type ttyp = TInt | TBol | TArr of rtyp * rtyp | TVar of int and rtyp = RRow of rtyp * ttyp | RVar of int
An integer representation of variables is too low-level for human consumption, however. There is a simple map: given a stock alpha of variable letters, select one in ascending order of index, adding primes and wrapping around each time the list of letters runs off.
let string_of_var alpha = let card = String.length alpha in fun i -> let k = i / card in let c = String.make (k + 1) '\'' in c.[0] <- alpha.[i - k * card]; c
For consistency with the original definition, atomic type variables are represented by lowercase letters, and row type variables are represented by uppercase letters.
let string_of_tvar = string_of_var "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" and string_of_rvar = string_of_var "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
Most of the functions that recur on the structure of atomic types are paired up with a companion that recurs on the structure of row types. As noted above, this pattern will be the norm in what follows, dictated by the realities of having to do structural recursion on two different ADTs. One of the most immediately useful such pair is a pretty printer. In the absence of an accompanying parser it's an arbitrary choice how to fix precedence for the different type constructors; however, the goal would have to be minimizing the number of parentheses required to print a type. I chose the arrow constructor to bind less strongly than the row constructor, whereas the original presentation appears to use a fully-parenthesized format. Note that the row constructor associates to the left:
A x y means
(A x) y by definition. The arrow is not really associative, as both the source and the target are row types, so there is no type
The simplest arrow types beyond
A → A are
A x → A and
A → A x neither of which requires parenthesizing to improve readability. A type that does require them according to our rules is
A → A (B → B) (the type of the empty quote
let rec pp_print_ttyp pp t = match t with | TInt -> Format.pp_print_string pp "int" | TBol -> Format.pp_print_string pp "bool" | TVar v -> Format.pp_print_string pp (string_of_tvar v) | TArr (t, t') -> Format.fprintf pp "@[<hov 1>(%a@ ->@ %a)@]" pp_print_rtyp t pp_print_rtyp t' and pp_print_rtyp pp t = let rec go pp = function | RVar v -> Format.pp_print_string pp (string_of_rvar v) | RRow (t, t') -> Format.fprintf pp "%a@ %a" go t pp_print_ttyp t' in Format.fprintf pp "@[<hov>%a@]" go t
I don't usually install the printers early in the development, as the prettyfication may mask or hide information important for the algorithms but irrelevant for the user. In this case, the concrete syntax is in one-to-one correspondence with the abstract syntax, so that there's no harm done in issuing:
#install_printer pp_print_ttyp ;; #install_printer pp_print_rtyp ;;
in the interpreter. To convert a formatter into a string builder, the following function is handy:
let string_of_formatter pp = Format.flush_str_formatter % pp Format.str_formatter
Substitutions of types for variables are made simpler by the use of integer names (so that renaming is an arithmetic operation), but a little different from the usual presentation in that there are no binders, or rather, all variables are implicitly bound by universal quantifiers. That implies that, in order to avoid capture, the variables in the substitute must be renamed to avoid clashes with those in the substituend. In order to rename those variables, it is necessary to know first which are the variables in need of renaming. As it's clear from the above, the answer is all of them, as each and every one is technically free.
Since the kinds of atomic and row types are distinct, the variables must be kept apart and treated separately. Instead of introducing a union type, I prefer to work with split contexts:
let rec free_vars_ttyp = function | TInt | TBol -> [], [] | TVar v -> [v], [] | TArr (t, t') -> thread union (free_vars_rtyp t) (free_vars_rtyp t') and free_vars_rtyp = function | RVar v -> [], [v] | RRow (t, t') -> thread union (free_vars_rtyp t) (free_vars_ttyp t')
thread here applies
union componentwise to the resulting pairs). This next function is the workhorse of the section. A substitution of term s for variable v in t proceeds by straightforward structural recursion. The simplest case is to start from an unsafe substitution and build from there. To avoid capturing free variables in the substitute, it is necessary to perform a generalized renaming on the substituend. This is carried out by the so-called generalize instance operation which I'll show later, which ensures that I can get away with unsafe substitutions without the need to finesse the rebinding too much, since it is done consistently to all the variables in a type.
Substitution comes in four versions, two for each kind of substitute, two for each kind of substituend:
let rec substitute_tvar_ttyp s v t = match t with | TArr (t, t') -> TArr (substitute_tvar_rtyp s v t, substitute_tvar_rtyp s v t') | TVar w when v = w -> s | _ -> t and substitute_rvar_ttyp s v t = match t with | TArr (t, t') -> TArr (substitute_rvar_rtyp s v t, substitute_rvar_rtyp s v t') | _ -> t and substitute_rvar_rtyp s v t = match t with | RRow (t, t') -> RRow (substitute_rvar_rtyp s v t, substitute_rvar_ttyp s v t') | RVar w when v = w -> s | _ -> t and substitute_tvar_rtyp s v t = match t with | RRow (t, t') -> RRow (substitute_tvar_rtyp s v t, substitute_tvar_ttyp s v t') | _ -> t
Now, as I'll show later, unification proceeds by finding a pair of lists of substitutions
(ts, rs), with the first substitution to apply at the end. For this I need to apply substitutions from right to left, and so I need a right fold on the lists. Instead of substituting in parallel, I sequence the substitutions, even if they are independent. This pattern is nicely captured by composition of right folds.
let substitute_ttyp (ts, rs) = List.fold_right (fun (v, s) t -> substitute_tvar_ttyp s v t) ts % List.fold_right (fun (v, s) t -> substitute_rvar_ttyp s v t) rs and substitute_rtyp (ts, rs) = List.fold_right (fun (v, s) t -> substitute_tvar_rtyp s v t) ts % List.fold_right (fun (v, s) t -> substitute_rvar_rtyp s v t) rs
With this I can build the other important structural operation on types, the so-called generalize instances mentioned above and required for capture-free unification. This operation forces all variables in the unificand to be fresh. An inefficient but simple way to rename is to do it relative to a context listing all the "used" variables, and finding the next variable that doesn't clash with that context.
This finds the next unused variable in a set l:
let next_unused_var l = 1 + List.fold_left max 0 l
This maps a list by indexing each element in it. It is equivalent to the Haskell
zipWith f \[0..\]:
let rec map_indexed f i = function | [] -> [] | x :: xs -> f i x :: map_indexed f (succ i) xs
Given a pair of contexts, renaming a type relative to them is simple enough: map free type variables to increasingly large names starting from the next unused variable in each context. The function below abstracts the details of both type kinds and builds a map to rename free type variables
(tf, rf) relative to both halves of the context
(ts, rs):
let gen_instance (ts, rs) (tf, rf) = map_indexed (fun i x -> x, TVar i) (next_unused_var ts) tf, map_indexed (fun i x -> x, RVar i) (next_unused_var rs) rf let gen_instance_ttyp ctx t = substitute_ttyp (gen_instance ctx (free_vars_ttyp t)) t and gen_instance_rtyp ctx t = substitute_rtyp (gen_instance ctx (free_vars_rtyp t)) t
After this, the following functions are straightforward. These checks if the variable v occurs in type t and will be needed next:
let rec occurs_tvar v t = let rec go v = function | RRow (t, t') -> go v t || occurs_tvar v t' | _ -> false in match t with | TVar w -> v = w | TArr (t, t') -> go v t || go v t' | _ -> false let rec occurs_rvar v = function | RVar w -> v = w | RRow (t, TArr (t', t'')) -> occurs_rvar v t || occurs_rvar v t' || occurs_rvar v t'' | RRow (t, _) -> occurs_rvar v t
The following algorithm is standard and is a variant of the one shown in Pierce's Types and Programming Languages. Type errors are reported in the most crude fashion possible:
exception Type_error of string
Unification between terms t and t' proceeds by finding a list σ of substitutions x → t such that σt = σt'. The simplest way to build such a substitution list is to carry it around as an accumulating parameter subs. The only real work is to ensure that at all points the terms to be compared are subjected to the current substitution, and recurring on the structured terms:
let rec unify_ttyp (ts, rs as subs) t t' = if t == t' then subs else let t, t' = substitute_ttyp subs t, substitute_ttyp subs t' in match t, t' with | TVar v, t -> if not (occurs_tvar v t) then ((v, t) :: ts, rs) else raise (Type_error "occurs check in simple type") | t, TVar v -> if not (occurs_tvar v t) then ((v, t) :: ts, rs) else raise (Type_error "occurs check in simple type") | TArr (s, t), TArr (s', t') -> unify_rtyp (unify_rtyp subs s s') t t' | _ -> raise (Type_error "simple type mismatch") and unify_rtyp (ts, rs as subs) t t' = if t == t' then subs else let t, t' = substitute_rtyp subs t, substitute_rtyp subs t' in match t, t' with | RVar v, t -> if not (occurs_rvar v t) then (ts, (v, t) :: rs) else raise (Type_error "occurs check in row type") | t, RVar v -> if not (occurs_rvar v t) then (ts, (v, t) :: rs) else raise (Type_error "occurs check in row type") | RRow (s, t), RRow (s', t') -> unify_ttyp (unify_rtyp subs s s') t t' | _ -> raise (Type_error "row type mismatch")
This is my absolutely favorite algorithm, and all that is needed to implement the typing rules of the language.
The initial environment defines the types of the built-in primitives, as defined in the Cat paper:
let initial_env = let r, s, t, u = RVar 0, RVar 1, RVar 2, RVar 3 and x, y = TVar 0, TVar 1 in [ "succ" , TArr (RRow (r, TInt), RRow (r, TInt)); "pred" , TArr (RRow (r, TInt), RRow (r, TInt)); "neg" , TArr (RRow (r, TInt), RRow (r, TInt)); "add" , TArr (RRow (RRow (r, TInt), TInt), RRow (r, TInt)); "sub" , TArr (RRow (RRow (r, TInt), TInt), RRow (r, TInt)); "lteq" , TArr (RRow (RRow (r, TInt), TInt), RRow (r, TBol)); "pop" , TArr (RRow (r, x), r); "dup" , TArr (RRow (r, x), RRow (RRow (r, x), x)); "swap" , TArr (RRow (RRow (r, x), y), RRow (RRow (r, y), x)); "eval" , TArr (RRow (r, TArr (r, s)), s); "dip" , TArr (RRow (RRow (r, x), TArr (r, s)), RRow (s, x)); "if" , TArr (RRow (RRow (RRow (r, TBol), TArr (r, s)), TArr (r, s)), s); "while" , TArr (RRow (RRow (r, TArr (r, r)), TArr (r, RRow (r, TBol))), r); "constantly", TArr (RRow (r, x), RRow (r, TArr (s, RRow (s, x)))); "compose" , TArr (RRow (RRow (r, TArr (s, t)), TArr (t, u)), RRow (r, TArr (s, u))); ]
If you want to see "nice types", you can do:
List.map (fun (n, t) -> n, string_of_formatter pp_print_ttyp t) initial_env ;;
Terms come into a few simple forms, and this is one half of the "essence" of concatenative programming. An atomic program is either the empty program
E, an integer constant
I n, a truth value
B b or a named primitive
P id. A composite term is a quotation
Q t or an application
A (t, t') of term t to term t':
type term = E | I of int | B of bool | P of string | Q of term | A of term * term
A pretty-printer comes handy to have a clear representation of a term:
let rec pp_print_term pp t = match t with | E -> () | I n -> Format.pp_print_int pp n | B b -> Format.pp_print_string pp (if b then "true" else "false") | P s -> Format.pp_print_string pp s | Q t -> Format.fprintf pp "@[<hov 1>[%a]@]" pp_print_term t | A (t, u) -> Format.fprintf pp "@[<hov>%a@ %a@]" pp_print_term t pp_print_term u
Remember that in a concatenative language every term is a function and juxtaposition is composition. This means that many reconstructed types require lifting to functions from rows to rows:
let quote_tvar t = let v = RVar (next_unused_var (snd (free_vars_ttyp t))) in TArr (v, RRow (v, t))
And now for the second half —and finale— of the "essence" of concatenative programming. This function implements Rossberg's syntax-directed type reconstruction for Cat. The empty program has the identity effect on stacks. Constant are lifted to stack effects. A primitive derives its type from the current environment, which in this case is initial and constant. An application requires verifying that both terms are functions. As is clear from the other rules, the only way it can fail to be an arrow is if the environment registers a "bogus" type. Relative to a well-typed initial environment, every concatenative program is a function. This is a theorem that has an immediate proof by structural recursion on the typing rules.
In order to unify the target of the first arrow with the source of the second, the latter's type variables must be generalized relative to the free variables of the former. With that, the resulting type is built from the substitution applied to source and target of the types being typechecked:
let rec typecheck = function | E -> let v = RVar 0 in TArr (v, v) | I n -> quote_tvar TInt | B t -> quote_tvar TBol | Q q -> quote_tvar (typecheck q) | P n -> begin try List.assoc n initial_env with Not_found -> raise (Type_error ("Unbound value "^n)) end | A (q, q') -> let t = typecheck q and t' = typecheck q' in match t, t' with | TArr (r, s), TArr _ -> let TArr (r', s') = gen_instance_ttyp (free_vars_ttyp t) t' in let subs = unify_rtyp ([], []) s r' in TArr (substitute_rtyp subs r, substitute_rtyp subs s') | _ -> raise (Type_error "The types fail to compose")
To bring this program to a close, here's Andreas' original example:
# typecheck (A (Q (I 42), A (Q (P "add"), P "compose"))) ;; - : ttyp = (E -> E (D int -> D int))


text:
I'm surprised that Anthem Blue Cross Blue Shield's recent request for rate increases on their individual health products (as opposed to their employer-sponsored or group health insurance products) got so much publicity. All of the companies have rate adjustments on a regular basis. Each company will have a rate increase roughly once per year.
There are different ways companies institute insurance rate increases. Here is how each CT health insurance company does it:
Aetna currently offers a 12 month rate guarantee to new policyholders. One word of warning. If you start your Aetna health insurance policy just before a rate increase you may have two rate increases in quick succession when your policy renews. After that you can expect an increase approximately once per year.
Anthem Blue Cross has traditionally had rate changes that have gone into effect on January 1 of a given year and continued through December 31 of that same year. All policyholders are affected by rate adjustment, including those whose policies went into effect on December of the previous year.
Anthem has tried to change that tradition with their recent request to the Connecticut Insurance Department for an October rate increase. The department postponed the effective date of the rate increase until January 1, 2010, so it appears that for the time being the tradition will continue.
Celtic insurance [celtic health insurance] health insurance policy has a 12-month rate guarantee for their new policyholders similar to Aetna's.
Cigna health insurance plans are new to the Connecticut individual and family health insurance market. (They have been in the group market for quite some time.) I don't have their information available at this time, but I plan to update this post next week when I do.
Connecticare has traditionally had the same system as Anthem. They have adjusted their rates on both old and new policyholders on the first of each year. However, they may go to a system where they will have quarterly rate adjustments. They are expected to do that starting in 2010 for existing policyholders. They are also expected to institute a 12 month rate guarantee for new members at that time.
Golden Rule
United Health Care's Golden Rule policies have a 12 month rate guarantee similar to Aetna's.
Fortis (Assurant)
I don't have information available on Fortis health insurance policies at this time, but I plan to update this post next week when I do.


text:
The position of Physician Assistant was created in the 1960s to address a shortage of primary care physicians. As of December 31, 2014, there were 101,977 certified physician assistants practicing in the US (2014 Statistical Profile of Certified Physician Assistants, An Annual Report of the National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants), and it is the fastest growing sector of the health professions. There are 191 accredited PA programs, but more programs are planned and will be up and running soon.
A Physician Assistant (PA) practices medicine under the direction of a physician. However, it is possible for a PA to have his or her own practice and in rural areas a PA is often the primary health care provider. While the physician is medically, legally, and administratively responsible for the patient, the PA can examine patients, analyze laboratory results, order treatment and direct follow-up care.
According to the American Association of Physician Assistants, many PAs are in primary care (32%), but 26.6% are in surgical subspecialties, 11% in emergency medicine, 10% in internal medicine, and 18.8% in other specialties.
One of the major advantages of being a Physician Assistant is that the training is generally about 27 months, as compared to four years plus a residency for the MD, and there is no internship or residency. PA training has one year of classroom work, followed by 2,000 hours of clinical training.
Further, "Over time, programs have trended towards the graduate level, and by 2020 all PA programs must confer a graduate degree to be accredited by the Accreditation Review Commission on Education for the Physician Assistant (ARC-PA)." (2014 Statistical Profile of Certified Physician Assistants, An Annual Report of the National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants.)
PA programs are often as competitive as medical school, and have the additional requirement of 1,000 or more hours of hands-on clinical experience before admission. A recent report by the Physician Assistant Education Association reports that the mean overall GPA for matriculating students was 3.58. The science GPA was 3.5.
What should I major in?
Fifty percent of students who matriculate to PA school major in natural sciences-biology, chemistry or physics, 20% in health sciences, and 14.5% in applied sciences such as nursing. 15% majored in other areas such as languages and humanities.
Required courses
Course requirements vary from program to program, but the following courses are required by most:
- Chemistry – varies with the program. Almost all require a minimum of two semesters of chemistry, which can be general chemistry I and II, or one semester of general chemistry and one semester of organic. Some schools have a requirement for a third course, either an organic or biochemistry course. The Wake Forest PA program is one of those that requires a course in biochemistry.
- Human anatomy or comparative/vertebrate anatomy with lab
- Human physiology with lab (Bio 114 is a prerequisite)
- Microbiology with lab
- Two additional upper-level biology courses (Bio 213 and 214)
- Psychology (developmental psychology is often recommended)
Required by SOME programs
- Medical terminology (not offered at WF but can be taken online)
- Biochemistry
- Statistics (required by most good programs. Can be taken in math, psychology, HES, sociology or biology departments)
Also recommended*:
- Genetics
- Cell biology
- Molecular biology
* These are covered by Bio 213 and 214
Additional Requirements:
In addition to required coursework, applicants to PA programs must have relevant hands-on clinical experience. The amount of clinical experience required varies, but generally is in the range of 1,000-2,000 hours. It is very difficult to acquire this experience while in college, so most candidates for PA programs have worked in the medical field for at least one year before being admitted to a program.
Shadowing a physician or PA is not considered hands-on clinical experience, nor is administrative work. Many students acquire the necessary experience by working either as an EMT (emergency medical technician), CNA (clinical nurse assistant), medical scribe, or medical assistant. One can train as a CNA in only 200 hours (5 weeks) at a community colleges, and through the Red Cross. Basic EMT training is only 110 hours, and also is offered by most community colleges. An EMT course is offered through the Health and Exercise Science Department at Wake Forest University.
Graduate Record Exam (GRE): The General test is required. Be sure to have your GRE scores sent directly to CASPA (as explained below. Each programs has its own CASPA code.)
Completion of courses: Check with each school to see how many courses you can have in progress or not yet started by the application deadline; it varies by school. Some require that all prerequisite courses and patient care hours be completed before application.
Application Process
For information on applying to physician assistant programs, visit http://www.paeaonline.org/index.php?ht=d/sp/i/194/pid/194.
Many programs participate in CASPA, an online application service developed by the Physician Assistant Education Association (PAEA). CASPA allows a student to apply to a number of programs through a single application form. The CASPA application needs to be filed at least four weeks before the program application deadline, to allow time for processing. Be sure to check the application deadline for each program that you are applying for, since application dates vary by program. Some programs may request an additional, supplemental, application. START HERE: everything you need to know about filling in the CASPA application, step by step! https://portal.caspaonline.org/caspaHelpPages/about-caspaoverview/
Apply early! Most schools have rolling admissions. Application open in late April or early May. The application is time consuming. Your letters will not be requested until you fill out the CASPA application.
Be sure to keep track of all of your volunteer hours and patient care hours. They want specifics!
CASPA, has a Facebook page. This page is designed to answer CASPA-related questions and provide application cycle information, general and specific, for all CASPA applicants. You can find it at www.facebook.com/CASPAOnlineApp <http://www.facebook.com/CASPAOnlineApp>.
The Physician Assistant Education Association, PAEA, also has a Facebook page, https://www.facebook.com/pages/PA-Focus/238250712898634, or you
can follow it on Twitter, https://twitter.com/paeaonline for the most up-to-date PAEA and PA news.
Years of post-graduate education required:
The average duration of a PA program is 27 months. This includes up to 12 months of pre-clinical classwork, followed by up to 15 months of clinical training.


text:
Saturday, July 18, 2009
Skyrocket Your Success for Dating, Love and Sales by using Kruba Tai Ong Chang Pasom keong amulets
Labels: Kruba Tai Ong, Love charms and amulets
(Kruba Tai Ong blessing Chang pasom keong amulets)
Kruba Tai Ong of Wat Don koo kai keow temple, phayao province had made and blessed a powerful batch of amulets call Chang Pasom Keong (in chang).
This is one of the best amulet ever made by kruba Tai Ong for strong metta and attraction.
Kruba Tai Ong chang pasom khong (in chang) (Strongest attraction, Turn single to attached, turn friends to lovers and enemy to friends)
The reason why this amulet is so powerful is because Kruba Tai ong had blessed and chanted 3 different kind of strong attraction saney wicha into this amulets.
This amulet is mix with 2 very extremely important ingredients:
1) Powder maha saney (payah tae khua) by Archan chum chai khee ree
2) Wahn chang pasom khong powder from leafs by Kruba Tai Ong
Powder maha saney (payah tae khua) by Archan chum chai khee ree
(Archan chum chai khee ree)
Powder maha saney (payah tae khua)
Archan chum chai khee ree was a teacher of Kruba Tai Ong and had made a very powerful powder call Powder maha saney (payah tae khua) in B.E2519.
Inside this powder include composition of
1) Ei ti jae powder
2) Pa ta mung powder
3) Wahn pasom khong powder
Kruba Tai Ong mentioned that nowadays this powder hard to find cos his teacher (Archan chum) made long time ago. Archan chum told kruba tai ong that one bottle can be used till lifetime for super attraction to control guy / girl to love the user very much.
Kruba Tai Ong mentioend that this powder is so powerful that if whoever drop this powder on the floor and any girl/guy cross over the powder will be charmed and love the user forever and not able to change his or her mind. Hard to help or remove this magic also. Amazing!!!
Now this powder is no longer available as Kruba Tai Ong had use this to make this chang pasom keong amulet.
Wahn chang pasom khong powder from leafs by Kruba Tai Ong
(Leafs of Chang Pasom keong)
Kruba Tai Ong mentioned that this is a very strong leafs for attraction. He had often used this leafs and blessed it to give to people who had experiences good result in metta and attraction after using this leaf. It has ben mentioned that even single is able to be attached with a lover after having this leafs.
Kruba Tai Ong mentioned that there is one Thai guy in amper jun which was a worker in the factory and had kept this real leaf that kruba Tai Ong had blessed for him.
He carry this to work everyday and kept in his pocket. It was told that later his attraction became so good that the daughter of the owner of the factory love him so much and married together with him and now have one children.
Another Good effect from this leaf of chang pasom keong,
One police officer in Thailand had a superior who dislike him and pinpoint him often.
Then kruba Tai ong blessed this leaf and pass one to him.
The police officer bring to work everyday, from then onwards, his superior did not hate him anymore and in fact both of them became good friends.
Kruba Tai Ong the master of wicha, mix this two important ingredients together and created this amulet call chang pasom keong.
Can you imagine how powerful this amulet can be for attraction after mixing this two powerful ingredients together. Simply classfied as World class number 1 .
Would you love to:
- Turn friends into lovers
- Turn enemys into friends
- Turn from being single to attached with many choices.
- Attract members of the opposite sex easily
- Attract members of the same sex (Gay or lesbian) easily
- skyrocket your sales luck, making lots of profit
- Keep your lover(s) eternally loyal
- Make everyone love and be fasincated by you only.
- Feel like you are in control - and stop letting her/him steer you in the relationship
Then this is a good amulet not to be missed out!!!
Just for the extra information,
Kruba Tai Ong had stopped making this amulet as there is no more Powder maha saney (payah tae khua) powder left for making it. So there is only limited pieces left for this batch of chang pasom keong.
Therefore please don't be upset if you come back later only to find they have been sold out and you've missed out.
Get this Kruba tai ong chang pasom keong amulet at:$88sgd
Accept PayPal, Western Union, Posb, Public Bank tt transfer.
Contact me by Email for any enquires:
Phone: +6591881863
I PROVIDE OVERSEAS TRANSACTIONS AND ACCEPT PAYPAL PAYMENT TOO,YOU CAN EMAIL ME FOR THE RATE AND EXTRA SHIPPING CHARGE FOR THE AMULETS.. I care a lot about how the amulet has helps you in your life.Nothing is more important to me than a happy client. ..
If you need help and got a question to ask, pls email me at: email@example.com
Posted by Stanley Tham at 6:56 AM
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text:
(CNN) -- Nine people died and three more were hospitalized after a fire ripped through an elderly home in northern Belgium Thursday night, a government spokeswoman said.
The fire started about 8 p.m. local time (6 p.m. GMT) in a first-floor room of the Kanumik Triest residential home in Melle, about 50 kilometers (31 miles) northwest of Brussels, said Judy Clement, spokeswoman for the regional government of East Flanders province, told CNN. It quickly spread through a window to other parts of the building.
Local authorities were on the scene Thursday night.
Clement said in a statement the fire was determined to have been caused by an electrical device.
"It was chaos when I was there," Clement told CNN. "People were still being evacuated and the entire first floor is destroyed. Lots of worried family members had gathered there outside, it was just chaos and lots of sadness," she said.
All remaining residents were evacuated from the home. Thirty people suffering from dementia were taken to nearby hospitals, and 50 others were taken to a gym, the statement said.


text:
Good morning, all! Happy (inter)National Scrapbook Day! It's definitely one of my favorite days of the year - a whole day (usually weekend) dedicated to my favorite hobby? Yes please!
Clique Kits has a really fun event going on for the NSD festivities. You can find all the Scrap Your Heart Out challenges at their Facebook event here. There are going to be a lot of great prompts to try your hand at and a lot of fabulous prizes up for grabs!
I just posted my challenge - a recipe challenge. My recipe is pretty simple: Sparkle, Shine and Flowers:
For my 'sparkle' I used shimmer mist and sequins. For my 'shine' I used metallic gold accents. And for my 'flowers' I used a floral die cut. I'm still digging the Clique Kits Spring Card Kit, which you can still pick up in the store. There is a big sale today - 30% off everything with code NSD30. Check it out!!
Cardstock: Bazzill; Mist: Heidi Swapp; Sequins: SpiegelMom Scraps; Die cuts, Patterned Paper: My Mind's Eye; Wood Veneer: Studio Calico; Date Stamp: Shimelle


text:
● If one is going to have an orgy, one should do it properly – there is little point in being squeamish. You need to relinquish any remaining bourgeois reservations. Discover your inner Caligula.
This is as true for macroeconomic management as in the field of carnal pleasure.
Negative interest rates? Ooh I don't know, I've never tried that before.
(Go on. You know you want to.)
I think I'd like to have a go at abandoning my inflation targets!
(That's the spirit. A little less timidity please.)
And once the sluices have been fully opened there is really no turning back; you may as well sit back and enjoy it. Who knows, it could become the biggest artificially engineered bull market in history.
Hurrah for former economics professors turned central bankers! Hurrah for Mr Bernanke! Hurrah for Signor Draghi! Hurrah for Kuroda-san!


text:
Four of Pat Conroy's books have been made into movies. "The Prince of Tides," starring Nick Nolte and Barbra Streisand, left viewers worldwide blubbering. "The Great Santini" starred Robert Duvall and Blythe Danner. Both movies were nominated for Academy Awards.
"The Lords of Discipline," his novel about his years at the Citadel, became a movie of the same name, while the movie "Conrack" is based on "The Water Is Wide," Conroy's memoir about teaching in a two-room schoolhouse on a South Carolina island.
Other books by Conroy include:
• "The Boo," his self-published first book, was stories about life at the Citadel.
• "Beach Music," an American expat comes home to look for a missing friend.
• "The Pat Conroy Cookbook," a memoir, with recipes.
• "My Losing Season," a memoir about playing basketball at the Citadel.
• "South of Broad," a novel in which a family grapples with a son's suicide.
• "My Reading Life," a memoir about important books in Conroy's life.
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text: Eveready Flashlight - Headlight Lantern - Model No. 3801 (c. 1937) Home Search/Browse for Flashlights Products for Sale Multimedia Contributors Collectors About Us Our Sponsors: Flashlights : Eveready Brand / Head Style Eveready Headlight Lantern Value: $25.00 Manufacturer: Eveready Mfgr. Model #: 3801 Circa: 1937 Battery: 3 Cell Style: Head Online Since: 7/28/2003 FM Reference #: EV00036 Notes: Heavy corrosion on one side. Mint value = $60+. Copyright 2003-2019 FlashlightMuseum.com The Flashlight Museum specializes in providing antique, vintage, classic and new high-tech flashlights. Some of the most popular flashlight brands include Eveready, Ever Ready, Surefire, Maglite, Pelican, Brinkmann, Streamlight, Delta, Garrity, Winchester, Ash Flash, Franco, Coleman, Rayovac, USA Lite and Duracell. We have such styles as LED, Candle, Art Deco, Tactical, Military, Standard 2 Cell, 3 Cell, safety lights, lanterns, rechargeable, fluorescent flashlights, keychain and novelty lights and much more. This website is a great resource for flashlight collectors and those who enjoy collecting batteries and accessories.


text:
Louise Iddon
Collage Artist and Graphic Designer
© Louise Iddon 2019
I love paper; the older and more stained the better. I collect all types from maps, envelopes and music paper. This is an ongoing project and is frequently updated with exciting new/old paper that I find.
Please do not use any of the paper :)
© Louise Iddon


text:
"I hate my boss" is a common refrain we hear from friends and relatives.
Unfortunately, corporate work experiences can quickly change into unhealthy situations in which your unique knowledge, skills, and opinions are suddenly labeled by your superior as worthless, often due to internal politics and misunderstandings. It happened to me once when I worked as a marketing guy for a medical device manufacturing company.
This (unnamed) company had spent at least a year or two developing a high-tech diagnostic instrument that essentially did not work. The lead engineer had resigned. I had a conversation with him just prior to him leaving in which he told me that the company was pursuing a pipe dream. Regardless, we were getting ready to roll this baby out because to not do so would be a blatant acceptance of utter defeat. All those dollars spent on R & D would go down the toilet.
So, we are in a sales meeting and the head sales guy is giving all the sales staff and me instructions on how to define and promote this unworthy device in a way that makes it seem to be the best thing to happen in the world of medical diagnostic instruments. I'm listening intently, thinking, "this is really dangerous; people's health and well-being could be jeopardized through the instrument's obvious proclivity to misdiagnose." Even one machine-based misdiagnosis would be unacceptable, and this machine was misdiagnosing like crazy and was simply not ready for prime time.
I was increasingly stewing in my seat. I spoke out against the roll out, probably in a self-righteous tone that no doubt irritated the head sales guy, and he said to me in no uncertain terms: "It is not your place to make these kinds of decisions. Just do your job." Not long after this incident I resigned for a wide variety of reasons. Worse, I really could not afford to quit my job, which paid pretty well and had all the great benefits that I needed to support my young family.
Fortunately, I weathered that storm, but it took a while. I transitioned to self-employment, and the first two years of this transition were extraordinarily difficult and challenging.
The message I am trying to impart here is that to keep your job may require that you give up a piece of your personal integrity and honesty – something that is unfortunately very common among many employees who are forced to become blind followers of horrible bosses.
Oftentimes people are forced to say, "oh, it's just a bad boss. No big deal. Not an uncommon situation. It will pass. In the meantime, just suck it up and do whatever the boss asks, even if it's unnecessarily time- consuming and totally disorganized and senseless. Be humble and quiet, because revealing or complaining about the boss's ineptness and general disrespect will only get you in trouble and ultimately fired."
Too Many People in Similar Situations
There's more than enough articles about bad bosses. A simple Google search on the term "bad boss" brings an astounding amount of literature from reputable publishers revealing the enormity of this problem in today's workforce.
Dan Pink is the author of "Drive," and another book that I enjoyed reading some time back, titled "A Whole New Mind." In producing "Drive," Pink researched the topic of human motivation and discovered that high work performance and satisfaction depends on three elements: autonomy, mastery, and purpose. In other words, if you want to have happy and motivated employees, you have to let them direct their own work lives, give them the wherewithal to learn new things, and have them serve a greater purpose other than their selves. He shows one example after another that proves this point quite convincingly, including a Cornell University study of 320 small businesses – half that practiced giving their employees more autonomy and the other half under the typical top-down management style. Guess what? The ones that practiced autonomy grew at four times the rate of the top-downers and had far less employee turnover.
I have read a good number of books that strongly support this notion of autonomy, mastery, and purpose as key elements that make people happier because of the intrinsic rewards they can bring into their lives as opposed to material rewards. Incidentally, Pink further notes that studies show that people become more motivated to produce positive outcomes if given these three elements over a raise or promotion. So, companies can not only become more productive but also save money in the process if they practice this work philosophy.
Obstacles on the Educational Pathway
Another related book worth noting is "A Life at Work" by another one of my favorite nonfiction authors, Thomas Moore. This is an uplifting book that was written for people who are seekers, always on the lookout for how to make their lives more autonomous, masterful and purposeful, in line with their true ambitions and spiritual selves. It's a short 180 pages, and I read it whenever I need a lift because it is a simple affirmation of what life is really all about. You can, indeed, become the person you were meant to be, and there will always be obstacles along that pathway that you need to experience in order to discover your purpose. That's how I now look at several corporate experiences I had years ago – they were merely learning-based obstacles along the educational pathway of what I really wanted to do with my life and work.
Moore explains how many people are working in jobs he refers to as small in scope and so insignificant that they do not allow them to engage in their higher ideals. He says that staying in such a job freezes your spirit; you become stagnant, and you wind up retrogressing and unengaged in the visionary aspects of living. "The spirit can be shackled and crushed by the weight of forces that give you money to live on but no opportunity to make progress with your ambitions and ideals. This crushing of the spirit is another form of depression related to work, and it is commonplace." Moore adds that "to mature as a person you have to take considerable time sorting through, taking to heart, and resolving the mistakes and failures that have marked your progress."
So, if you are in an unhealthy job, take some solace in knowing that it is only temporary and that eventually you will figure out how to create the changes you need to move forward in a way that is more conducive to your more authentic and worthy calling.
Daniel H. Pink (2009). Drive: The surprising truth about what motivates us. New York, NY: Riverhead Books.
Thomas Moore (2008). A life at work: The joy of discovering what you were born to do. New York, NY: Broadway Books.


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Tuesday, 19 July 2011
Barry M Instant Nail Effects
Yesterday whilst a little online shopping spree I ran into this polishes by Barry M (official picture). Barry M has been on my list to try for some time, but hadn't gotten around to it yet. These 4 effect polishes are crackle ones and to be honest, I didn't care about crackle that much - it doesn't felt like me, you know?
That was untill I ran into these lovely swatches by Do Not Refreeze and I immediately loved the White Frost over the pastel polishes - she also has the other ones up with swatches but I don't like them that much. So I put it in my basket and hit the "check out" button, polish & other stuff is now on its way to me...
That was untill I ran into these lovely swatches by Do Not Refreeze and I immediately loved the White Frost over the pastel polishes - she also has the other ones up with swatches but I don't like them that much. So I put it in my basket and hit the "check out" button, polish & other stuff is now on its way to me...
What are your thoughts on crackle, do you have one? What do you think of these by Barry M?
Labels: Barry M
2 comments:
- BeautyLoves said...
Ik ben geen fan van crackle, maar deze witte variant is wel de mooiste die ik al gezien heb.
Niets voor mij, echter!
- 19 July 2011 at 03:50
- Evelien said...
Ik ga het eens een kans geven, we zien wel :).
- 21 July 2011 at 04:32
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- Evelien
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AUGUST HEINRICH HOFFMANN (1798–1874), known as HOFFMANN VON FALLERSLEBEN, German poet, philologist and historian of literature, was born at Fallersleben in the duchy of Luneburg, Hanover, on the 2nd of April 1798, the son of the mayor of the town. He was educated at the classical schools of Helmstedt and Brunswick, and afterwards at the universities of Gottingen and Bonn. His original intention was to study theology, but he soon devoted himself entirely to literature. In 1823 he was appointed custodian of the university library at Breslau, a post which he held till 1838. He was also made extraordinary professor of the German language and literature at that university in 2830, and ordinary professor in 1835;but he was deprived of his chair in 1842 in consequence of his Unpolitische Lieder (1840–1841), which gave much offence to the authorities in Prussia. He then travelled in Germany, Switzerland and Italy, and lived for two or three years in Mecklenburg, of which he became a naturalized citizen. After the revolution of 1848 he was enabled to return to Prussia, where he was restored to his rights, and received the Wartegeld—the salary attached to a promised office not yet vacant. He married in 1849, and during the next ten years lived first in Bingerbriick, afterwards in Neuwied, and then in Weimar, where together with Oskar Schade (1826–1906) he edited the Weimarische Jahrbuch (1854–1857). In 186o he was appointed librarian to the Duke of Ratibor at the monasterial castle of Corvey near Hoxter on the Weser, where he died on the 19th of January 1874. Fallersleben was one of the best popular poets of modern Germany. In politics he ardently sympathized with the progressive tendencies of his time, and he was among the earliest and most effective of the political poets who prepared the way for the outbreak of 1848. As a poet, however, he acquired distinction chiefly by the ease, simplicity and grace with which he gave expression to the passions and aspirations of daily life. Although he had not been scientifically trained in music, he composed melodies for many of his songs, and a considerable number of them are sung by all classes in every part of Germany. Among the best known is the patriotic Deutschland, Deutschland uber Alles, composed in 1841 on the island of Heligoland, where a monument was erected in 1891 to his memory (subsequently destroyed). The best of his poetical writings is his Gedichte (1827; 9th ed., Berlin, 1887); but there is great merit also in his Alemannische Lieder (1826; 5th ed., 1843), Soldatenlieder (1851), Soldatenleben (1852), Rheinleben (1865), and in his Fiinfzig Kinderlieder, Fiinfzig neue Kinderlieder, and Alte and neue Kinderlieder. His Unpolitische Lieder, Deutsche Lieder aus der Schweiz and Streiflichter are' not without poetical value, but they are mainly interesting in relation to the movements of the age in which they were written. As a student of ancient Teutonic literature Hoffmann von Fallersleben ranks among the most persevering and cultivated of German scholars, some of the chief results of his labours being embodied in his Horae Belgicae, Fundgruben fur Geschichte deutscher Sprache and Literatur, Altdeutsche Blatter, Spenden zur deutschen Literaturgeschichte and Findlinge. Among his editions of particular works may be named Reineke Vos, Monumenta Elnonensia and Theophilus. Die deutsche Philologie im Grundriss (1836) was at the time of its publication a valuable contribution to philological research, and historians of German literature still attach importance to his Geschichte des deutschen Kirchenliedes bis auf Luther (1832; 3rd ed., 1861), Unsere volkstiinzlichen Lieder (3rd ed., 1869) and Die deutschen Gesellschaftslieder des z6. and zq. Jahrh. (2nd ed., 186o). In 1868–187o Hoffmann published in 6 vols. an autobiography, Mein Leben: Aufzeichnungen and Erinnerungen (an abbreviated ed. in 2 vols., 1894). His Gesammelte Werke were edited by H. Gerstenberg in 8 vols. (1891–1894) ; his Ausgewahlte Werke by H. Benzmann (1905, 4 vols.). See also Briefe von Hoffmann von Fallersleben and Moritz Haupt an Ferdinand Wolf (1874); J. M. Wagner, Hoffmann von Fallersleben, 1818--z868 (1869–187o), and R. von Gottschall, Portents and Studien (vol. v., 1876).End of Article: AUGUST HEINRICH HOFFMANN (1798–1874)
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IGN's Brian Malkiewicz and Frank Knight join IGN Anime Club to discuss the Pokemon and Yu-Gi-Oh! TCG, whether or not Pokemon's anime is better than Digimon, and they announce a new contest.
The Pokémon Company International is not the giveaway sponsor nor coordinator, nor has any formal association with the contest, but is a supplier of the product.


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Additional Titles
Derry Brownfield
March 5, 2003
I was a peculiar kid when I was growing up. I didn't care about toy cars or Superman comics. I wanted to own land. I was living with my grandparents in a small town. They had a front yard, an east lawn that contained a lilly pool and a backyard and a garden spot. I imagined each of those areas were different ranches covering thousands of acres and the lilly pool was a large lake. It was my ambition to own my own land and use it the way I pleased. I was fortunate because I lived in a nation where my dream could come true. Other kids in other nations had the same dreams but lived in countries where they were not free like I was. When they grew into manhood, many of them left their homeland and came to America to establish the freedom they so desired.
They came here to be farmers, ranchers, lumbermen, industrialists... the list goes on but they wanted to own a piece of this great land. Land is the foundation of security. For a society to be successful there must be "private ownership" of property. Where individuals own the land and are free to use it according to their dreams a nation has prospered. China, Cuba, Russia and the Soviet Union have all been a proving ground as to what happens to a nation and her people when the land is owned collectively and managed by the government.
Our Founding Fathers knew this and wrote into the Constitution Article I - Section 8 That the Federal Government should own no amount of land over 10 miles square (for the National Capitol and Washington DC) for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, Dock-Yards and other needed buildings.
Seventy years ago, America began a socialist move. Franklin D. Roosevelt became President and invented such programs as Social Security, WPA, CCC, AAA and a host of other Alphabetic Soup projects whereby the Federal Government became Santa Claus and the American people began giving up their rights in order to be allowed a place at the gravy table. It has been well over a half century now that America has been moving away from the idea of private property and believing instead that government should be allowed to control the land for "all the people."
Government today owns about 50% of the total landmass of the United States and is moving as rapidly as possible to gain control of the remaining area. Our ancestors came to carve a nation out of a wilderness. Today the politically correct elite are taking the land back from private hands in order to turn it back into a wilderness. America, once a bright beacon of hope of the rest of the world, is selling its soul to the socialist idea of "PUBLIC OWNERSHIP OF THE LAND."
© 2003 Derry Brownfield, All Rights Reserved
Derry Brownfield was born in 1932 and grew up during the depression. He is a farmer and a broadcaster. Derry attended the College of Agriculture at the University of Missouri where he received his B.S. and M.S. degrees. He taught Vocational Agriculture several years before going to work as a Marketing Specialist with the Missouri Department of Agriculture. Derry served as Director of the Kansas City Livestock Market Foundation at the Kansas City Stockyard prior to establishing himself in farm broadcasting.
Derry started farming when he was 16 years old and received the Future Farmers of America State Farmer degree in 1949. Since that time the Brownfield Farm has grown to over 1000 acres maintaining a herd of 200 registered Charolias cows.
In 1972, Derry and his partner established the Brownfield Network which now serves 250 radio stations throughout the Midwest with news and market information.In 1994, Derry started his own syndicated radio talk show and he is one of the most popular radio talk show hosts in America. The Derry Brownfield Show can be heard on approximately 80 radio stations in 23 states. With his entertaining sense of humor and witty commentary he has captured audiences for over 30 years. His ability to present an informative talk show while being light and colorful is why he has a large loyal listening audience.
Derry Brownfield is a practical farmer, a practical business man and a very entertaining speaker. He travels extensively throughout the country speaking about his common-sense point of view. Web Site: www.derrybrownfield.com


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Happy Saturday Hipsters! It's time for your Walt Disney World News Around the Mouse.
Be Our Guest Restaurant at Magic Kingdom Park is an absolute guest and fan favorite at the Walt Disney World Resort. Reservations can now be made for the fast-casual lunch experience at Be Our Guest Restaurant. Guest have the option to pre-order the meal 30 days prior up to 5 minutes before the reservation. Lunch is served daily from 10:30 a.m.-2:30 p.m.
New details have been released about Trader Sam's debuting at Disney's Polynesian Village.
Here is a sneak peek of some of the new beverages coming to Trader Sam's Grog Grotto. Trader Sam will debut new handcrafted cocktails made with fresh, authentic premium ingredients in souvenir cups. Guests will Indulge in the hidden treasures of the Polynesian Pearl, go for a wicky-wacky adventure in Waikiki, and dive deep with the Nautilus.
Many ThemeParkHipsters have an avid passion for Walt Disney World merchandise, that's why I try to keep each and everyone of you informed on the latest items coming throughout the parks.
Happy Sunday Hipsters! It's time for your Walt Disney World News Around the Mouse
Walt Disney World guests can now enjoy a Lady and the Tramp Valentine's Day red velvet cupcake with dark chocolate ganache or a Cinderella vanilla cupcake with vanilla frosting for just $5.19 each. The Lady and The Tramp and Cinderella cupcakes both will be available at the following quick service locations: FairFax Fare, Pizza Planet, Starring Rolls, Backlot Express, ABC Commissary, Studio Catering Co., Rosie's All American Café and The Trolley Car Café.
Each year, the Disney Design Group creates a new art program with this year's feature of Artwork Reminiscent of First Visits. This design group sought to create incredible pieces of art that captured the familiar feelings guests have when visiting Disney Parks for the first time.
Downtown Disney continues its transformation into highly anticipated Disney Springs. There will soon be new signs installed for stores that will be opening in the area known as The Landing. Those stores include:
New food and beverage offerings are available at Animal Kingdom's Pizzafari and Discovery Island Kiosk, which currently sells allergy menu items.
Epcot's International Flower & Garden Festival gets a fresh new feel for 2015. The special event will take place March 4th until May 17th. New experiences will include a variety of garden-fresh inspired seasonal dishes served at eleven Outdoor Kitchens and a new concert series, Garden Rocks. The new Garden Rocks concert series will feature music spanning several decades of contemporary and popular artists.
Night of Joy veterans like TobyMac, Skillet and Jeremy Camp will fill the park with masterful melodies along with: Seventh Time Down, I Am They, and Veridia. It should be two fantastic nights! Tickets will go on sale this Spring.


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Inspired by the Win8 logo premiere I made my own design :)
Posts in the «Graphic Design» Category
Art Nouveau Win8 logo
Trippy Inverter
Have you ever experienced this strange feeling when watching photos that you took last night during all-night-long acid trip? Suddenly you realize that the Eskimo you were talking to for couple hours is just a toilet seat. And the amazing cocktail you were sipping consists mostly of herbal shampoo with vodka and glass cleaner. I know how it feels like. But fear not – it's just the logical part of your brain trying to trick you. This app will help you release psychedelia hidden in the photos and show everyone how it REALLY was. Stay away from "Trippy Inverter"!
This is a quick Windows Phone 7 application for image processing. Whole project took 1 day, half of which was setting up the dev environment. Main goal was to figure out the WP7 release process & collect stats – in case I'd like to make a more serious app.
You can also check that out from various download sites.
New UI – alpha screenshot
First official screenshot of the new Falasol 1.1.0 (alpha stage).
This design is not likely to change much in the release version planned for Easter 2010.
Please comment and tell your feelings about it (layout, colors etc.).
Any criticism is highly appreciated as well!
Slider & Spinner UI controls
One of the paradigms of the new UI I'm working on: it should be possible to modify each numeric value with the mouse (or touch screen in the future). Although Slider control seems to be the best option in most cases, in some conditions it might be worth to check out the alternatives.
…read more >>
New UI – early project
Here is an early version of the new UI project. You can see the frame of the window: main menu with tool buttons + status bar. Now it's time to do the content…
New UI – layout concept
Moving UI away from Win forms towards Windows Presentation Foundation is also good chance to review current design and mitigate some of the issues. I decided to use the top-down approach: start with the overall layout and end on designing single controls. Above you can see the first – most general concept of new UI layout. The biggest changes are:
…read more >>
Site officially pimped
I admit it: this site used to look ugly!
…but now it's totally different story :P


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Trump urges action on immigration bills
In his weekly address, U.S. President Donald Trump calls on the Senate to pass two bills aimed at cracking down on sanctuary cities and undocumented immigrants with criminal records. Rough Cut (no reporter narration).
ROUGH CUT (NO REPORTER NARRATION) U.S. President Donald Trump focused on immigration in his weekly address, calling on Congress to take action. Trump called on the Senate to move on "Kate's Law" named after Kate Steinle, "who was killed by an illegal immigrant who had been deported five times," Trump said. "This law will enhance criminal penalties for those who repeatedly re-enter our country illegally," Trump said. He also called for legislation that would "block federal grants to jurisdictions that shield dangerous criminal aliens from being turned over to federal law enforcement." "I now call on the Senate to take up these bills and send them back to my desk for signature - as soon as possible," Trump said.


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Two former Newport Beach police lieutenants allege in a lawsuit that they were unfairly passed over for promotions in a workplace they claim was rife with favoritism and retribution.
The allegations filed earlier this month in Orange County Superior Court by Craig Frizzell and Steve Shulman assert that they were overlooked while other officers were promoted through tests set up to favor certain members of the Newport Beach Police Department.
In addition to the city and the Police Department, the lawsuit names as defendants former Police Chiefs Bob McDonnell and John Klein and former City Manager Homer Bludau. The claimants are seeking unspecified damages greater than $25,000.


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5 Tips for Generating More UGC on Instagram/
Today, thanks to the rise of social platforms and mobile devices, the practice of creating and sharing real-time content is becoming more ingrained in our daily lives. With this growing consumer trend, travel marketers are looking to user-generated content (UGC) as a source of authentic and evergreen media to promote their destinations and attractions. And for good reason: this type of earned media is 84% more effective in improving consumer engagement, according to Nielsen. Furthermore, ads featuring user-generated content have a 55% higher ad recall and generate 3.4 times more clicks. Plus, in OUR OWN RESEARCH, we found that 78% of millennials said they would rather see photos of real customers over professional photos created by the brand.
By now it's clear that UGC is not just a campaign and that the brands with active communities are the ones that earn that elusive and lucrative millennial brand loyalty. With this in mind, more travel brands and destinations than ever are encouraging consumers to share UGC – from featuring real customers on booking pages to photo galleries at live events or in lobbies. However, announcing a campaign and launching a branded hashtag is just the first step to generating UGC. So outside of standard ads and social promotion, what are ways brands can really amp up customer participation? Check out our 5 tips below!
1 Work With Influencers
This is the most high-level tactic on this list. Working with an influencer will allow you to reach hundreds of thousands to millions of highly-engaged people. They often have audiences who trust them more than they trust celebrities, and some are even bigger names than your traditional celebrity. The key here is to take the time to really vet the influencer – subscriber or follower counts alone are not enough. Look at how their community responds to them in terms of engagement.
2 Tap Into Micro-Influencers
Micro-influencers are people with anywhere from hundreds to tens of thousands of followers. These creators might have smaller audiences, but they often will have even higher engagement rates than people with millions of followers. Work with these creators to begin to fill the pool with high-quality content to kick off a campaign on the right foot. For example, using geo-location and hashtag searching, find people in your area who have built up their own social following thanks to their beautiful content. Locals are a fantastic (and low-cost) asset to any destination or travel brand.
3 Use Every Customer Touchpoint
Your social platforms are not the only ways you can reach your consumers. More than likely, you also have some physical touchpoints too, right? Hotel? Add the hashtag and instructions to room keys so your guests always have the information with them. Destination? Add the hashtag to brochures and informational displays.
4 Empower Employees
As social media and UGC become less of a "nice to have" and more of a "must have," think about how your own employees can support these efforts. This could be as simple as prepping employees with information about the hashtag, the campaign, or the types of content you're seeking. For example, if a group of friends asks a cast member at a theme partk to snap a group photo of them, that employee can at the very least mention tagging the brand and using the hashtag. You can even take it a step further and encourage your staff to also be on-site photographers. For example, using something like the CAPTURE APP, an employee at a hotel can snap photos of guests or events, get permission on the spot to use the photos, and then share them back to the corporate team to use.
5 Reward Participation
Nobody wants to feel like they're shouting into the void. If you go through all the trouble to generate a ton of UGC, you need to do something not only with the content, but with the people engaging with you. This could be something as simple as just liking their photo or a quick comment. If the photo is particularly great, ask them for permission to reshare it and then do that (giving them credit, of course).


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I feel so grateful to my clients. Almost all of them have donated from $10 to $100 to help me on my trip. I describe their back ground to show how non-Christians are not as bad as some Christians make them out to be. In fact, some non-Christians act more like Christians than some Christians act. One is a Buddhist. Another is a secular humanist. Another is a seeker. They all respect me and value the fact that I am setting out on an adventure. One man said, "I'm not sure what your are doing or why you are doing it, but I think you are really brave to leave your family and go on a bus all by yourself." I felt his love and caring.
You know, it is kind of funny that people would think I am brave. I don't think I am brave at all. I feel very secure on Greyhound buses and trains–more secure than driving in a car alone. When I traveled alone when I was 19 from Europe overland to Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, India, and Sri Lanka, the comment "you are brave" was one of the most common ones I heard. But I never felt afraid. So I didn't feel brave.
I wonder why God made me this way. I just have very little fear about traveling and meeting new people and staying in strange places.. I have fears about other things–like not having enough money to pay my bills. Yet I have been so blessed with more work than I have ever had, donations that were unsolicited, and other kinds of provision that have really giving me confidence that I will be taken care of.
I feel so blessed to have clients who are my friends and who are excited for me. They could be complaining that they would have to do without my cleaning, organizing, administrative assistance work, and gardening. Rather, they are so looking out for my well being.
I even had a woman (another non-Christian) who I asked to sew for me a money belt that I could wear under my clothes–something that I did while I traveled at age 19. She went looking for something similar to what I had described so she could do something really nice. She ended up having to leave on an emergency, and so she adapted the money belt by sewing cotton canvass on the back of it because I don't like the feel of nylon next to my skin. A small task, but very big to me.
Well, only five days to go.


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The California rice industry is coming to the aid of their friends and business colleagues in Japan who have suffered devastating losses from the recent earthquake and tsunami.
Through the California Rice Industry Association trade group, growers, marketers, mills, and warehousemen that comprise the California rice industry are voluntarily donating $50,000 to the Japanese relief effort.
"Our industry owes much to the Japanese people, and we are deeply saddened by the natural disasters that have struck," said Frank Rehermann, California Rice Industry Association chair. "We are coordinating with the Japanese Consulate General in San Francisco to do what we can to help their recovery."
California rice farmers grow the premium medium and short grain rice in demand for many cuisines. Japan is traditionally the top overseas market for California rice.
"Our concern lies with the people of Japan who have suffered greatly," Rehermann said. "Their contributions not only to California rice but to the entire state are tremendous and longstanding. Hopefully today's actions are the first of many ways we can help the Japanese people on the difficult road of recovery."
In addition, the California Rice Commission website www.calrice.org contains a link to relief efforts to help the Japanese people.
For more information, contact Jim Morris at (916) 387-2264 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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About Armstrong
Computer Science Professor Ashraf Saad Participates in Prestigious NASA Faculty Fellowship Program
Ashraf Saad, professor of computer science, recently completed a second prestigious 10-week NASA Glenn Faculty Fellowship Program in Cleveland, Ohio. The summer program, which Saad originally attended in 2006, offered the opportunity to conduct state-of-the-art research at NASA's Controls and Dynamics branch.
Saad was one of about 20 college professors selected from across the country to work closely with their counterparts in NASA engineering on a technical problem of mutual interest. As part of this prestigious program, he conducted research focusing on advanced algorithms for the control of air and space applications, exploring verification and validation of software. Saad's stay at NASA also coincided with the successful landing of the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity Rover on August 6.
"It was wonderful being immersed in a research and development environment for an extended period of time and being exposed to all the research ideas being developed at the Glenn Research Center," he said. "To be at the cutting edge--and to be involved with advanced work in dynamics and control--was very rewarding."
Fellowships are intended primarily for full-time science and engineering faculty of U.S. citizenship who are tenured or in tenure-track positions at four-year accredited U.S. colleges and universities. Research projects must be aligned with the technology needs of the Glenn Research Center in Cleveland and have the potential to advance NASA's overall mission.
The main campus of Glenn Research Center, which is adjacent to the Cleveland Hopkins International Airport, includes 140 buildings with more than 500 specialized research and test facilities. The Center's world-class research efforts and technological advancements encompass many areas of space flight systems development such as
Magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thrusters for in-space propulsion systems, Silicon Carbide-based electronics and sensors, power and energy storage and conversion and Plasma Spray--Physical Vapor Deposition (PS-PVD).
Saad has a doctorate from Vanderbilt University and conducts research in computational intelligence, soft computing, robotics and agent-based systems. He has a passion for the use of educational robotics in computer science education and originally joined Armstrong in the fall of 2006 as head of the Department of Computer Science. He currently serves as the principal investigator at Armstrong for two National Science Foundation grant awards.
Saad has authored or co-authored many peer-reviewed journal and conference publications and continues to involve and mentor Armstrong students. He plans to involve advanced computer science undergraduates in future research projects inspired by his experience in the NASA summer program.
"I believe I made the most out of the experience," he reported. "The findings of my research during the fellowship will help both my teaching and mentoring of students on research projects at Armstrong in the future. It helped me gain a better appreciation of cutting-edge software applications that students at Armstrong need to learn about."


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Here is a commissioned poster I did for Rusty Wrench Robotics/Mech Warfare. Based on design and 3d model by Erik Laughlin.
Mech Warfare is a competition were the contestants build and fight with their own robots in an arena. The pilots are only allowed to navigate and fight using cameras from the robots, making it a proper mech simulation. Check it out.
You can get one of the posters at the events, or by help funding a new arena via Mech Warfare kickstarter.
Sunday, March 25, 2012
Mech Warfare Poster
Posted by Søren Bendt at 2:40 AM
2 comments:
- Alden said...
Hey! I'm one of the many kickstarters who supported this project.
As the project lead has gone silent for 6 weeks since the last update, and still has not produced and shipped posters for the rewards levels that wanted them, I wanted to ask the image source.
Is there a higher resolution version of this? Did you get paid for the commission?
- Søren Bendt said...
Hi Alden,
Sorry to hear that. If that is the case I assume it must have been a mistake?
The person who commissioned the poster was a pleasure to work with and paid on time no problem, I'll forward your message to him.
Since I'm not the owner of the poster, I can't provide you with a high resolution image I'm afraid.
Hope everything clears out soon!
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You talkin' ta me, punk?
Don't make me angry. You won't like me when I'm angry.
Don't say I didn't warn you.
Aaaaarrrr ...
... chooo!
Ah, much better!
I hope I did not make you pee your pants too much. Update on Chewy here.
More Shih Tzus at Pound Dogs.
Monday, March 16, 2009
I am Shih Tzu, hear me roar
5 comments:
Hey, he coulda been a contenda....
- March 17, 2009 at 8:46 AM
- House of the Discarded said...
LOL!!! I love that underbite :) What a little doll!
- March 17, 2009 at 10:04 AM
I love your blog, Fred. I've read the whole thing. You are very astute. Just one thing...the breed name is Shih Tzu. Common mistake...
- March 17, 2009 at 7:37 PM
- jan said...
Tiny only on the outside. Little dogs seem to have strange self images.
- March 17, 2009 at 8:00 PM
- Fred said...
Anonymous, dang, you are so right. I really should've known that about the spelling considering my background. Will change in th post's title and future posts. Thanks.
- March 17, 2009 at 8:36 PM
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text: A total of 71.255 passengers used the airport in October, representing an increase of 9,88%. The total number of available seats during the month of October was 90.034 and the average load factor on flights to/from Sarajevo was 79,15 %. Sarajevo International Airport is well on the way to have the best year in history , with 800.000 passengers handled and great increase in cargo operations.


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Chuck Zimmerman and his wife Cindy have been pioneers in the agricultural communications world for years, and their innovation of Agwired.com is one of those pioneering accomplishments that have sent them to expert status. They have revolutionized not only agricultural communications, but also the agriculture industry as a whole with perseverance and haven't looked back since the creation of their style. Chuck and Cindy are the founders and employees of Zimmcomm Communications, an agricultural communications company that has spread nationally and is a well-known leader in news and event coverage. Chuck and Cindy began their communications journey with degrees in journalism, which quickly developed and helped them form into the social media moguls they are today. They self-taught themselves the vast world of social media and founded one of the first blogs specific to agriculture. For the first couple years they had to educate their potential employers and future clients about what they were doing, and how this would benefit their businesses. For the first two years there were no advertisements or sponsors to be found. The duo now hosts 17 other websites for company blogs and has four online publications that generate income for their household every month. Also, they have turned to social networks that they share blog updates as well as pictures and podcasts about events. One of the main ideas that Chuck shared during his presentation to our class that stuck with me was the fact that his blogs are updated on an average of six times per day. He pointed out that if the blog isn't up to date and doesn't have new content, traffic will not come through the server. Chuck and Cindy have been an inspiration for an aspiring communications students like myself. I am encouraged by their success and hope to have the chance to work with them in the future.
Check out Chuck's posts and event coverage at http://www.agwired.com!
Photo courtesy of: Jamie Bellis Johansen


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Assemble a mini treat sack for the special goblins in your life.
A perfect element to include on a Halloween party table.
Sack holds about 1/2 cup of loose candy behind a clear window
that appears to be the monster's wide-open mouth.
Small sack measures approx. 3" wide x 5" tall x 1" deep.
Back flap folds over front to line up pairs of hole punches for tie closure.
1. Identify and cut the shapes. Clockwise left to right are: sack, eyes (pre-layered here), fangs one-piece shape, window frame/inside of open mouth, window acetate (invisibly because it is clear)
2. Prepare the sack shape by folding on the perforation lines as shown here.
(side diagonal lines are "valley" folds, all others are "mountain" folds.)
3. Position the fangs at the top of the window opening, on the backside of the sack, placing the fangs piece FACE SIDE down. Center it, and line up the "tab" edge of fangs at center and barely showing at sides with the opening upper edge. Glue in place.
4. Attach the clear window panel behind the window frame/open mouth shape using a double adhesive strip on the FACE side of the frame, near the outer edge. Some of this frame will show through to the front of the sack, so adhesive near the opening edges will be visible.
5. Position the assembled window and frame behind the window opening, then ...
... turn the assemble over and adjust the frame so that the upper curved edges of inner frame and sack opening line up, an equal margin shows on each side, and a slightly wider margin shows at bottom.
(This is by design, to imply that this frame is the shading of the monster's open mouth interior.)
Once adjustment is complete, press hard all around to attach securely.
6. Layer eye ball, pupil and eye pair, then position and attach above the fangs and window, centered.
7. Bring the sack side edges together, overlap the straight back edge over the back side tab. Make sure top and bottom ends of the edge and tab perf are lined up, then glue in place.
It is possible to fold the sack flat to be able to press this seam flat on the table top.
8. Un-squash the box, if it was pressed flat, and re-form into the rectangular shape it should have. Fold side bottom flaps inward, back flap in. Apply adhesive to the underside of the front bottom flap, then fold into position, square up the bottom corners, adjust as necessary and glue in place.


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As Obama and other leaders spoke of "revitalizing" NATO, there were reports that the Portuguese military may struggle to make its payroll next month.
As the heads of state lay out a new "strategic concept" for the military alliance, an urgent bailout for Ireland's banking system has dominated European newspaper headlines and TV news reports — with dire warnings that the financial crisis could sweep to Portugal and beyond. The government here recently imposed painful austerity measures including spending and salary cuts, as well as a hike in the Value Added Tax, raising it to 23 percent. But many analysts think these moves are too little, too late, and won't insulate the coastal nation from the fallout.
"Most Europeans will be entirely indifferent to what NATO says or does in Lisbon," said Richard Gowan of the European Council on Foreign Relations and New York University. "If they are waiting from news from Portugal, it's about the spreading Euro crisis — widely expected to hit Lisbon next — not military issues."