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Distillation Essays & Research Papers
Best Distillation Essays
Distillation - 4366 Words
Abstract In the following project we are discussing about distillation. The operation of the distillation is employed for the purification of liquids from non-volatile impurities. The liquid is heated to the vapor phase and then is collected and recondensed to give back the pure liquid .The non-volatile impurities are left behind in the flask. Here our main focus will be at the fractional distillation. It is the process in which we separate the different components of a mixture on the basis of...
4,366 Words | 14 Pages
Distillation - 3421 Words
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS * System: Ethanol – water * Feed rate: 225kmol/h * Feed composition: 28 mol% ethanol * Feed condition: 50% saturated liquid & 50% saturated vapor * 97% of ethanol recovery is required * Operating pressure: 1bar * Distillate composition: 81 mol% ethanol * Column type: Sieve tray column * Operating condition: 70% of flooding Applying material balance to the rectifying section (Eqn 01); V=L+D Applying material balance for the more...
3,421 Words | 18 Pages
Distillation - 894 Words
DISTILLATION HISTORY • Distilling was used as early as 3500 BC in Mesopotamia where perfume makers had developed it as a technique for isolating the scented oils of flowers and plants, what we know as "attar". • Around 1100 AD wine was first distilled to make spirit by Irish monks who travelled around Europe. • The results of distillation were considered to have magical powers and this led to alcohol being called "water of life" or "usige beatha" in Gaelic, "eau de vie" in...
894 Words | 5 Pages
distillation - 1846 Words
Emmanuella Struckmeyer Lab partner: Devashaun Hamilton Organic Chemistry 331L, Section 002 Dr. Jenifer D'Antonio Date: October 8, 2014 1 ABSTRACT Distillation is a process by which one liquid can be separated from another liquid, or a liquid from a nonvolatile solid. In this experiment, the distillations of cyclohexane and toluene mixture were carried out. The purpose of this experiment is to compare the efficiency of simple distillation versus fractional distillation for...
1,846 Words | 14 Pages
All Distillation Essays
Distillation and Fraction Distillation Lab Report
By: Sean Polson 05 September 2011 Organic Chemistry Lab: Experiment 1 Section 2 – 12:30 to 2:20 Distillation and Fractional Distillation Distillation and Fraction Distillations Purpose: The purpose of distillation is to purify a liquid. Distillations are use to purify contaminates out of water to obtain clean pure water, as well as, to separate mixtures of liquids into their individual components; e.g. methanol and water. Objective: Distill methanol from water using a simple...
2,384 Words | 8 Pages
Simple Distillation - 739 Words
Name of the Experiment: Simple Distillation (Semimicroscale Procedure.) Abstract: Distillation is a method of process of separating 1:1 mixture based on differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture. Distillation is done with the use of simple distillation apparatus shown in Figure 1. In this experiment, simple distillation process was used to determine the identities of the unknown compounds in the solution through the obtained boiling points. The list of probable unknown...
739 Words | 3 Pages
Simple Distillation - 1783 Words
Mona Vaidya 02/04/2014 CHE 317 Laboratory Experiment #1: Simple Distillation of Two Volatile Liquids Containing Non-Volatile Impurities Introduction: Simple distillation is a commonly used method to separate and purify the mixtures of organic liquids into their original components. Mixtures of two miscible liquids with two different boiling points were separated. Therefore, it can be said that the two organic compounds are separated by exploiting the different boiling temperatures of the...
1,783 Words | 6 Pages
Steam Distillation - 494 Words
Steam Distillation Purpose: To use steam distillation to purify heat sensitive, natural products, like essential oils. Procedure Please refer to: Williamson, Macroscale &Microscale Organic Experiments 4th Ed., pgs.98-109 Results Table 1.1: Steam distillation Drop # (every third drop) Temperature (ºC) Addition of 0.5 mL water 1 100.3 Water added 2 100.5 3 100.5 Water added 4 100.6 Water added 5 100.6 6 100.6 Water added 7 100.6 8 100.6 Water added 9 100.3 10 100.6...
494 Words | 2 Pages
Steam Distillation - 1786 Words
CONTENTS CONTENTS | PAGES | 1) Abstract | 2-3 | 2) Introduction | 4-6 | 3) Objectives, Materials and Apparatus, Chemicals | 7 | 4) Method | 8 | 5) Results | 9-11 | 6) Discussion | 12 | 7) Conclusion | 13-14 | 8) References | 15 | ABSTRACT This experiment is about steam distillation by using Dalton's Law. The objectives of this experiment are to demonstrate a separation of a mixture by using steam distillation and next to prove that Dalton' Law and ideal gas law...
1,786 Words | 9 Pages
Distillation Column - 798 Words
Distillation Column In the the Chemical Enginneering Lab at CSULB there is a total reflux eight-stage glass binary distillation column at atmospheric pressure. The components that need to be separated are 1-propanol and 2-propanol. These two compounds are isomers with fairly close boiling points. They are separated based on their physical propertis. With...
798 Words | 3 Pages
Distillation of vodka - 1394 Words
Distillation of vodka Athena Bianca Mattus*, Rency Mae Silvestre, Maria Robelaine Tenefrancia, Shaira Mae Yu Department of Chemistry, College of Science *Corresponding author; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract Through simple distillation, the percent ethanol and percent loss of 15 mL of vodka was computed. The calculations were supported by a flammability test. With the distillation process reaching 100oC, 6.0 mL of distillate was collected. The determination of ethanol from the...
1,394 Words | 6 Pages
Steam Distillation - 300 Words
How to separate compounds using fractional distillation How steam distillation works Many organic compounds tend to decompose at high-sustained temperatures. Separation by normal distillation would then not be an option, so water or steam is introduced into the distillation apparatus. By adding water or steam, the boiling points of the compounds are depressed, allowing them to evaporate at lower temperatures, preferably below the temperatures at which the deterioration of the material...
300 Words | 2 Pages
Principles of Distillation - 909 Words
Principles of Distillation What is distillation? Simply, distillation is the process in which a liquid is vaporized (turned to steam), recondensed (turned back into a liquid) and collected in a container. Nature uses a form of distillation to turn salt water (seawater) into fresh water (rain). Why do you use distillation to recycle waste solvents? Solvent-based waste contains volatile material (solvents) and non-volatile material (contaminants like paint, ink, grease, fiberglass, etc.). Many of...
909 Words | 3 Pages
Steam Distillation - 630 Words
Cheryl Baclit Chem 234 Experiment 4: Steam Distillation Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to extract Eugenol from Cloves using steam distillation as a purification technique and to transfer Eugenol from the aqueous phase to the MeCl2 phase. With steam distillation, the boiling point of a mixture of immiscible liquids is lower than the boiling points of the individual components. Water from the steam is one of the components of an immiscible liquid mixture. The vapor pressures of...
630 Words | 2 Pages
Fractional Distillation - 1139 Words
Fractional Distillation of an Ethanol- water Mixture Abstract The purpose of this experiment is to understand the process of distilling a solution. Thesolution of 50/50 ethanol-water was used in the experiment. Using fractional distillationapparatus ethanol-water mixture was separated. The fractional use of copper sponge wasused in distillation process which created the heat exchange area between the vapor of ethanol and liquid water. The fractional distillation process yield 9.5 ml of...
1,139 Words | 4 Pages
Steam Distillation - 633 Words
Steam Distillation 6.6.12 Aim: To isolate and extract citrol from lemongrass oil using steam distillation. Theory: Impure chemicals are usually purified using distillation, allowing the changes in boiling points to separate the substances. Chemicals with high boiling points decompose before reaching the temperature necessary for separation, leading to the invention of steam distillation. The contamination is separated at lower temperatures and allows the separation of chemicals from...
633 Words | 2 Pages
Fractional Distillation - 271 Words
Title: Distillation of an Ethanol Using Fractional Distillation Lab Report Abstract: This experiment aimed to separate the components of a mixture using Fractional Distillation. A volume of 28.0mL of a mixture including ethanol was heated until the temperature reached 78.0 C. Approximately 1.0mL of distillate was collected between 78.0 – 84.0 C. Percent composition by weight of the 1.0mL sample was determined to be 95% ethanol. By careful and accurate techniques, a high percent...
271 Words | 1 Page
What is Distillation? - 1516 Words
Question: What Is Distillation? Answer: Distillation is a widely used method for separating mixtures based on differences in the conditions required to change the phase of components of the mixture. To separate a mixture of liquids, the liquid can be heated to force components, which have different boiling points, into the gas phase. The gas is then condensed back into liquid form and collected. Repeating the process on the collected liquid to improve the purity of the product is called double...
1,516 Words | 5 Pages
Fractional Distillation - 618 Words
I. Introduction Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its fractional parts that entails many concurrent vaporization-condensation cycles. This works because of different boiling points of individual substances. The temperature of the fractional distillation column decreases as its length increases. A higher boiling point component condenses on the column and returns to the solution whereas the lower boiling point component passes through the column and is collected in a...
618 Words | 3 Pages
Fractional Distillation - 1567 Words
Aim: The experiment 'Distillation' was performed with the purpose of purifying liquids and determining boiling points in order to identify an unknown substance. Theory: Distillation is one of the oldest and still most common methods for both the purification and the identification of organic liquids. It is a physical process used to separate chemicals from a mixture by the difference in how easily they vaporize. As the mixture is heated, the temperature rises until it reaches the...
1,567 Words | 6 Pages
Distillation Questions - 273 Words
Questions: 1. One mole of a compound A, with vapor pressure 400mmHg at 50oC, mixed with 3 moles of compound B, with vapor pressure 480mmHg at 50oC to form a homogeneous solution. What is the vapor pressure of mixture at 50oC? XA =moles of A\total No. of moles XA =1\4 XB=3\4 Ptotal=PAoXA+PBoXB =400*1\4 + 480*3\4 = 460mmHg 2. Why should a distilling flask be filled not less than 1\3 filled or more than 2\3 full? This is to allow the liquid being heated room to expand as it...
273 Words | 2 Pages
Fractional Distillation - 4291 Words
Experiment 2: Fractional Distillation of a Mixture of Two Unknowns Background: Boiling is a process familiar to anyone who has cooked pasta or brewed tea. As heat is applied to a pan of water, the temperature of the water increases until it reaches 100°C (212°F). At this temperature, additional heat causes the water to bubble vigorously as the liquid water is converted into gaseous water, or steam. Most organic liquids will behave in a similar fashion. On heating, the temperature of the liquid...
4,291 Words | 13 Pages
Steam Distillation - 614 Words
Discussion: The purpose of this experiment was to isolate the aromatic hydroxyl compound, eugenol from crushed cloves using steam distillation. After conducting the distillation, the expected two layers were not visible in the centrifuge tube. Subsequently, the extraction and evaporation did not produce the expected oil. This result is probably due to the collection of only water vapor during distillation. From another group's data, 3.80% of the oil was recovered from the cloves in which the...
614 Words | 2 Pages
Fractional Distillation - 1880 Words
Fractional Distillation of GSM Blue Pamela Trix Lanaja, Jonathan M. Librojo, Shaun Therence Mabunay and Carissa Mae Magdaleno 3Bio3, Department of Biology,College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines Abstract G.S.M. Blue is composed primarily of water, sugar cane alcohol with essences of juniper berries and other botanicals with traces of impurities and flavourings and it has 32.5 percent alcohol by volume (65 proof). The experiment aimed to separate its...
1,880 Words | 7 Pages
Distillation Experiment - 1626 Words
SUMMARY The aim is to observe distillation process of ethanol-water solution and to measure the alcohol content after process in this experiment. 500 ml of solution with an alcohol content of 32% (v/v) is used for this experiment. Temperature values are recorded for every 10 ml alcohol obtained in the flask. The process is repeated in our experiment and for the first process, the data collection process continues until the distillate reaches to 200 ml. The concentration of alcohol is measured...
1,626 Words | 6 Pages
Fractional Distillations - 839 Words
Sample Lab Report Simple and Fractional Distillation Unknown # 2 Purpose In this experiment we aim to demonstrate that we can separate two volatile compounds from a mixture due to the different chemical properties of each compound. We will accomplish this by a separation procedure known as distillation, which relies on each compound having a distinct and separate boiling point. Our pure products will be analyzed with gas chromatography to determine the success of the distillation....
839 Words | 5 Pages
Fractional Distillation - 652 Words
Title: Preparation and purification ethyl alcohol Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to form a yeast mixture with water, organic compound like sucrose, Ba (OH) 2 for fermentation process, and use simple distillation method to purification from the fermentation mixture. Abstract and Theory: There are many techniques that are used to purify liquid. The one that is going to use for this lab is simple distillation. It is a process of which separating a mixture based on the tendency of the...
652 Words | 2 Pages
Simple Distillation - 2687 Words
EXPERIMENT 7 - Distillation – Separation of a Mixture Purpose: a) To purify a compound by separating it from a non-volatile or less-volatile material. b) To separate a mixture of two miscible liquids (liquids that mix in all proportions) with different boiling points. Equipment / Materials: large test tubes(3) clamp (1 or 2) ringstand boiling chips test tube rack (1) heating mantle glass adaptor thermometer adaptor 10-mL graduated cylinder condenser (1 or 2) grease 50- mL round bottom flask...
2,687 Words | 11 Pages
Fractional Distillation - 1118 Words
Abstract An equimolar mixture of cyclohexane and toluene was separated by simple and fractional distillation, using an empty column and a copper sponge column respectively. Using helium as the mobile phase, the distillate was analyzed through gas chromatography. The calculated HETP for the simple distillation was 8.274 cm/plate and the 3.332 cm/plate for the fractional distillation. Experimental Procedure A copper packed fractional-distillation column was obtained and an apparatus was...
1,118 Words | 5 Pages
Steam Distillation - 1701 Words
Experiment 2: Isolation of Eugenol from Cloves Background; Readings on Vapor pressure, Raoult's Law from TRO: A mixture of the essential oils, eugenol and acetyleugenol, will be steam distilled from cloves. These compounds are isolated from aqueous distillate by extraction into dichloromethane. The dichloromethane solution is shaken with aqueous sodium hydroxide, which will react with eugenol, to yield the sodium salt...
1,701 Words | 21 Pages
Simple Distillation - 361 Words
Simple Distillation Experimental Organic Chemistry: A Miniscale and Microscale Approach. 4th Edition. By Gilbert and Martin. Section: 4.4 Introduction: Distillation is a technique used to purify various liquids. In a simple distillation, a liquid is boiled and the vapors work through the apparatus until they reach the condenser where they are cooled and reliquified. Liquids are separated based upon their differences in boiling point in which each pure substance is at least greater than...
361 Words | 2 Pages
Distillation of Alcoholic Beverages Distillation of Alcoholic Beverages
Distillation of Alcoholic Beverages Abstract We used a Quickfit Set Up in order to perform a Simple Distillation procedure. We used 15mL of The Bar as our distillate. We separated and calculated the alcohol content of the said beverage by the distillation process. Introduction Alcoholic beverages are undeniably part of our culture for a long time already. It has many purposes, like, medical, hygienic, recreational. But, like everything else, if taken excessively, that is a different...
978 Words | 4 Pages
Distillation Lab Report - 946 Words
Data and Conclusions: The purpose of this experiment was to learn how to use distillation and gas chromatography to separate and identify different compounds from a given mixture. There are several kinds of distillation methods. However, the method that we used in this experiment was fractional distillation. This method is used when trying to separate two different volatile compounds whose boiling points differ by 40-50°C or more. If the boiling points are too close, this...
946 Words | 3 Pages
Simple and Fractional Distillation Experiment
Lab# 3 – Simple and Fractional Distillation Written by: Theressa Payne Partner: Jennifer Jantzi Performed: February 4,2013 for CHEM 7005 John Birtwell February 6, 2013 Lab # 3 – Simple and Fractional Distillation Introduction: One of the most important tasks in chemistry is the separation of organic compounds which are not usually found in pure form naturally or as products of chemical synthesis. Distillation is a common method for purifying liquids based upon their...
1,188 Words | 5 Pages
Steam Distillation - Clove Oil
Steam Distillation – Clove Oil Abstract: In this experiment, a situ method steam distillation was performed and essential oils were isolated from cloves. Once the oils were obtained, extraction techniques were used to extract a crude, eugenol, and acetyleugenol product sample. These samples were submitted for GC analysis and the normalization area percents were calculated to confirm their purity; for the crude sample it was 93.95% eugenol and 6.05% acetyleugenol, for the eugenol sample it...
2,653 Words | 10 Pages
Distillation of Alcoholic Beverages - 1150 Words
Distillation of Alcoholic Beverages (GSM Blue) Maryneil A. Verin, Ruby Ann Janica R. Vidal* and John Christopher C. Villanueva Department of Chemistry, University of Sto. Tomas, Espana, Manila, Philippines Abstract The objective of this experiment sought to separate ethanol from an alcoholic beverage – GSM Blue, in this case – by means of distillation and to calculate the percent ethanol present in GSM Blue. Two main methods of distillation were executed, namely, simple distillation...
1,150 Words | 5 Pages
Distillation of Alcoholic Beverages - 2045 Words
Distillation of alcoholic beverages CHEMISTRY 200L EXPT 1 PAGE 4 - 8 Abigail V. Duque*, Fallen Grace E. Dela Paz, Zyren P. Galarosa, Felix E. Galizdo Jr. Department of Biology, College of Science Group 4 *Corresponding author; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract This experiment aimed to separate and calculate in percentage the alcohol content of a commercial alcoholic beverage by means of fractional distillation. Twenty milliliters of rum, with a proof of 72, and 36% alcohol...
2,045 Words | 7 Pages
Fractional Distillation Lab - 2117 Words
FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION October 29, 2012 CHEM 210 ME01 INTRODUCTION The process of separating the components of a mixture by distillation into relatively pure fractions is referred to as fractional distillation. Simple distillation, a process with similar goals, is noted for being a satisfactory attempt at separating two components in an ideal mixture, but not as accurate as fractional distillation. To explore these statements further, there needs to be an in depth look at the theory...
2,117 Words | 7 Pages
Fractional Distillation Experiment - 323 Words
In the experiment of distillation we separated two miscible liquids. The purpose of distillation is to identify and purify compounds. We began our experiment by setting up an apparatus for macroscale simple distillation. We used 60 ml of Cyclohexane/ Toluene. We began with the temperature at 50 degrees Celsius. Unfortunately, we reached an error when the compounds evaporated too rapidly. The compounds evaporated so quickly that we lost data from 2 ml to 13 ml. The heat was lowered and as a...
323 Words | 1 Page
Simple and Steam Distillation - 2632 Words
Simple and Steam Distillation [pic] ABSTRACT Distillation is a physical method of separating a highly volatile compound from a less-volatile or non-volatile compound depending upon the difference in the boiling point of the component substances. This experiment focuses two distillation types, which are the simple and steam distillation, for the purification of compounds having different properties. The main objectives are to be able to assemble a simple and steam distillation...
2,632 Words | 8 Pages
Distillation Column Design - 13752 Words
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The main objective of this project was to carry out a design on the Propane distillation column for a process that produces 1,3 Butadiene. The raw materials used are Butane, Oxygen and Water and the process capacity is 100 000 tonnes per annum nominal. In the previous work it was stated that the plant is located in China. The main location of the plant is in the capital city of the Gansu Provence, Lanzhou. This was decided as the location over other provinces due to the...
13,752 Words | 58 Pages
Simple Distillation Report 2
CHE 317 "Simple Distillation" Interpretation of Results and the Report In addition to learning the technique of performing a distillation, you have had the opportunity to observe at first hand the behavior of a reasonably pure compound in the distillation process. You also measured quantities (temperatures) whose magnitudes you did not know beforehand. Title (be specific) Your Name Date Course Number (CHE 317-01) Introduction (give a brief statement about what a simple distillation is, what it...
684 Words | 9 Pages
Distillation and Concentrated Sulfuric Acid
The purpose of this lab was for students to familiarize and perfect the simple distillation method to produce 4-Methylcyclohexene and to gain experience using an IR spectroscopy to characterize the product of the reaction in favor of equilibrium. B. Results and Discussion: C. Experimental: 24 mL of 4-methylcyclohexanol, 5mL of phosphoric acid, and 1mL of concentrated sulfuric acid was added to a 250 mL round bottom flask and mixed thoroughly with a magnetic stirrer. A simple distillation...
331 Words | 2 Pages
All about Distillation - 1006 Words
All about Distillation Distillation is a process that is used to purify a lot of substances on a domestic as well as commercial basis. It is very interesting to know about the process in detail as it is a natural process. The story begins when a liquid or solid state of mater responds to the heat in environment. The heat makes the liquid state or solid state of matter to convert into gas state. Liquid Gas (Vaporization) Solids...
1,006 Words | 3 Pages
Organic Chem: Distillation Lab
Organic Chemistry I Simple and Fractional Distillation The Simple and Fractional distillation experiment was divided into two parts. We split up the procedure in this experiment. My group did the simple distillation and we received the Fractional distillation from another group in class. In this experiment, we examined the effectiveness of fractional and simple distillation to determine which is more successful at extracting a pure sample. This experiment was very successful. We are able...
274 Words | 1 Page
Fractional Distillation Process - 4352 Words
HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT (CBB 2012) TITLE: FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION PROCESS CONTENTS 1. Title………………………………………………………………………….1 2. Summary…………………………………………………………………….3 3. Introduction of Case Study…………….…………………………………….4 4. Risk Scenario Development…….…………………………………………...5 5. Justification of Fault Tree Analysis…………………………………………6 6. Procedures of Fault Tree Analysis…………………………………………..7 7. Fault Tree Analysis…………………………………………………………8 8. Possible Risk Associated with...
4,352 Words | 13 Pages
Simple and Fractional Distillation - 1137 Words
INTRODUCTION Distillation is a technique widely used in organic chemistry for separating compounds based on differences in their boiling points. The experiment is divided into two parts: simple distillation, an easy set-up where a solution or a mixture of substances with different volatility is separated through exposure heat; and fractional distillation, which under goes a series of evaporation and condensation process to purify more complex mixtures. Raoult and Dalton Law are the two...
1,137 Words | 5 Pages
EXPERIMENT 2: BATCH DISTILLATION AT CONSTANT REFLUX OBJECTIVE: To operate a batch distillation unit at constant reflux. To examine the change in top and bottom composition over time in a batch distillation. PROCEDURES: 1. Perform the general start-up procedures (Section 4). Refer appendix 1. 2. Record initial volume and refractive index of the liquid mixture in the reboiler. 3. Set the heater power to 1.5kW. 4. Set reflux timer to 10 second for set 1 and 30 second for set 2. ( Note: Set...
363 Words | 2 Pages
Simple and fractional distillation of a mixture
Theory: Distillation is the conversion of a mixture of substance into vapors which is afterwards condensed to the liquid form. It cans separation or purification of substances by taking advantage of differences in volatility. The purpose of this lab is comparing the efficiency of two distillation methods with the mixture of ethanol and 1-butanol. in theory the fractional distillation should be more efficient because of the steel sponge. The sponge acted as surface area for gas to condense on....
590 Words | 2 Pages
Simple and Fractional Distillation - 1519 Words
SIMPLE AND FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION *Ibale, I., Ibanez, E., Jao, E., Joson, E., Juanico, R. 2D Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas Abstract Distillation is a commonly used method for separating mixtures based on differences in the conditions required to change the phase of components of the mixture. The product obtained by distillation is called the distillate. Volatility is the property of changing readily from a solid or liquid to a vapor. There are two types of...
1,519 Words | 6 Pages
Distillation of Alcoholic Beverages - 1138 Words
Distillation of Alcoholic Beverages Pamela Mallari*, Symon Manuel, Katherine Merene and Charlene Mondelo Department of Chemistry, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines Abstract Distillation is a physical process used to separate chemicals from a mixture by the difference in how easily they vaporize. This experiment aims to (1) compare the efficiency of simple and fractional distillation, (2) distill and calculate the % of ethanol and (3) determine the % loss in distillation....
1,138 Words | 5 Pages
Bio-Ethanol Distillation - 2575 Words
The Extraction of Bio-ethanol from Apple (Malus domesticus) and Banana (Musa accuminata Colla) Peelings through the Process of Fermentation and Distillation Abstract Apple (Malus domesticus) and banana (Musa accuminata Colla) peelings are common household waste products. This study sought to extract bioethanol from these two peelings and to compare which sample can produce more bioethanol. About 400 grams of apple and banana peeling was obtained from the 1 kilogram bought from the...
2,575 Words | 8 Pages
Distillation Project - Alcohol Beverages
Distillation Alcoholic distillation is basically the process of separation the more volatile component, alcohol, from the less volatile component, water, from a water/alcohol solution, by heating the solution and condensing and collecting the alcohol rich vapours released, as a high alcohol strength liquid (spirit). The starting material for most distillations, such as wine for brandy and beer for whisky, are usually weak alcoholic solutions (5%-7% v/v ethanol) This seems counter...
1,294 Words | 6 Pages
Steam Distillation of Cloves - 289 Words
Steam distillation of cloves produced 0.53g of an oil which contained in its IR spectrum the functional groups O-H (at 3520 cm-1), sp2 C-H (3080 – 3000 cm-1), aliphatic C-H (2980 – 2940 cm-1), and both alkene C=C (at 1640 cm-1) and aromatic C=C (at 1514 cm-1). The IR spectrum is attached to this report. These data are consistent with the structure of eugenol, shown in Figure 2 below: In addition, the IR of the product from the steam distillation of cloves closely corresponds with that of...
289 Words | 1 Page
Ochem Lab Report Distillation
Distillation Objective: To illustrate the use of distillation for separating a mixture of two volatile liquids with different boiling points. Background: Distillation consists of heating a liquid until it vaporizes, and then condensing the vapor and collecting it in a separate container. Distillation is used to separate mixtures of liquids that either have different boiling points, or that have one component that does not distill. There are many types of distillation, each of which has a...
635 Words | 3 Pages
Vodka: The Making and Distillation Process
VODKA MAKING PROCESS AND DISTILLING PROCESS Vodka is defined in the United States Standards of Identity as "neutral spirits so distilled, or so treated after distillation with charcoal or other materials, as to be without distinctive character, aroma, taste, or color." As Vodka is a neutral spirit, it means that it can be obtained by the distillation of any product with fermentable carbohydrates on it, like grains (rye, corn or wheat) or products like potatoes, beets or sugar beets; even...
1,462 Words | 4 Pages
Fractional Distillation & Gas Chromatography
Fractional Distillation & Gas Chromatography Exp. 1 Pre-Lab: 1) When two substances whose molecules are very similar from a liquid solution, the vapor pressure of the mixture related to vapor pressure of the pure substance. Also it could be defined as a two liquid are ideal solution when they don't react with each other and they make no association. 2) Are a mixture of at least two different liquid, and known also as a mixture of two or more liquid in such away that its...
692 Words | 2 Pages
Simple Distillation Lab Report
SIMPLE DISTILLATION OF VODKA (ANTONOV) Kristel Joy M. Tan, Joshua Michael L. Torres, Pauleen Anne S. Vanadero, Paulene Arielle P. Ynzon and Rachel Pauline E. Zaballero Group 10, 2D Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas ABSTRACT Distillation is the most common technique, it is a process wherein the liquid is separated from the solution by boiling the liquid solution and condensing the vapor in order to get the distillate. There are four kind of distillation: simple...
1,448 Words | 6 Pages
Distillation of Alcoholic Beverages (GIN)
Cassey D. Bumanglag*, Elsa Margarita A. Martinez, Aaron K. Molano, Kaye Anne N. Nuesca Department of Psychology, College of Science Abstract In this experiment, an alcoholic beverage (gin) was distilled in order to separate the alcohol content from the solution. Fractional distillation was used, which operates on the principle of repeated distillation steps. Flammability was recorded to determine if the distillated portion contains ethanol. The percentage content of ethanol in...
811 Words | 4 Pages
ffractional distillation lab report
Name: Enenyantu Hannah ElagbajeI.D Number A00015951 Group members: Fatima Zanna, Safeeya Sorondinki , and Fareedah A. Abubakar. TITLE:FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION OF A MIXTURE OF ETHANOL AND WATER ABSTRACT The purpose of this experiment is to understand the process of separating a solution with different boiling points through a method known as fractional distillation. A solution of 50% water and 50% ethanol was obtained using a 100ml graduated cylinder to carry out this experiment. Using...
1,043 Words | 4 Pages
Distillation Column Design - 1270 Words
Other Important Topics in Column Design Outline Sub-Flowsheets Thermodynamic model (Fluid Package) selection Solver selection Sub-flowsheets HYSYS has a multi-flowsheet architecture. A big flowsheet can be split up into smaller sub-flowsheets. Each sub-flowsheet has its own streams, operations, PFD and an independent fluid package. The column in HYSYS is a sub-flowsheet where independent operations are possible H83 PS1/H84 CFL Templates A template...
1,270 Words | 11 Pages
Simple and Fractional Distillation of a Binary Mixture
Experiment 1: Simple and Fractional Distillation of a Binary Mixture Introduction: In this experiment the aim is to separate two chemicals from a stock mixture (azeotrope) using two different distillation processes. In both methods (simple and fractional) the liquids reach a boiling point, the molecules then vaporize, separate from the stock mixture and then condense back into liquid form down the to the receiver. Simple distillation works well when the two components boiling points have a...
574 Words | 5 Pages
The Separation of a Liquid Mixture by Simple Distillation
The Separation of a Liquid Mixture by Simple Distillation Objective The purpose of doing this experiment is to separate two miscible liquids samples of cyclohexane and toluene using simple distillation. The objectives will be to record boiling range and volumes (mL) of distillates that are attained during the process of distillation. Background Distillation is a frequently used technique for separating mixtures based on differences in the boiling points of components in the mixture....
1,154 Words | 4 Pages
Distillation and Strong C-h Stretch
Lab #24- Preparation 4-Methylcyclohexene Introduction: The goals in this lab were to have a reaction occur with 4-methylcyclohexanol and an acid catalyst to form our product of 4-methylcyclohexene via an E1 reaction. This reaction is accomplished by removing the –OH group on 4-methylcyclohexanol via dehydration and to have a double bond form via a loss of a hydrogen on a β-Carbon. Many techniques and skills were developed in this lab. Among them were dehydration, isolation,...
1,098 Words | 6 Pages
Steam Distillation of Eugenol from Cloves.
Introduction: This experiment involves an extraction of a natural product using the techniques of steam distillation. The principle component of oil of cloves is an aromatic compound, which is identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Eugenol is widely used in dentistry, due to its analgesic, antiseptic balsamic qualities. It is ideal for curative for pulp hyperemia (the soft, sensitive substance underneath the enamel and dentine of a tooth) and pulp its. In dentistry eugenol is also used...
487 Words | 3 Pages
Fractional Distillation Organic Lab Report
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2,938 Words | 8 Pages
Dehydration of an Alcohol: Distillation and Gas Chromatography
Experiment 2: Dehydration of an Alcohol: Distillation and Gas Chromatography Preparation of Methylcyclohexenes Purpose: The basic purpose of this experiment is to carry out the dehydration of an alcohol and isolate the reaction products by distillation. Gas Chromatography will be utilized to analyze the reaction mixture. Table of Reagents: Compound (g) Molecular Weight (g/mol) Grams (g) Moles 6 mL of 2-methylcyclohexanol (C7H14O) 114.19 g/mol 6 mL x 0.943g = 5.66 g 1 mL 5.66 g...
896 Words | 4 Pages
steam distillation of lemon grass oil
Steam Distillation of Lemongrass Oil I. Introduction When a mixture of cyclohexane and toluene is distilled, the boiling point of these two miscible liquids is between the boiling points of each of the pure components. By contrast, if a mixture of benzene and water (Immiscible liquids) is distilled, the boiling point of the mixture will be found below the boiling point of each pure component. Since the two liquids are essentially insoluble in each other, the benzene molecules in a droplet...
1,756 Words | 10 Pages
Simple Distillation: A Test on the Amount of Ethanol Present in Vodka
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976 Words | 4 Pages
Simple Distillation of Ethyl Acetate contaminated with Methyl Violet
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1,063 Words | 3 Pages
Experiment D Separation Of Alcohols By Fractional Distillation
Experiment D: Separation of Alcohols by Fractional Distillation Pre-lab Properties: Propanol, butanol, methanol Purpose: To separate two alcohols by distillation and analyze results with GC. Do not plug mantle directly into electrical outlet, use controller! Use 40/60 mol percent propanol/butanol (no cyclohexane or toluene are used in this lab because they are more toxic) Set up fractional distillation Set heat at highest level to start, then turn back down to 60-80% when vapor starts up...
600 Words | 3 Pages
Separation of the Components of Vodka Using Fractional Distillation
Separation of the Components of Vodka using Fractional Distillation Fractional distillation, also known as rectification or fractionation, is common in industrial usage, not only for simple mixtures of two components (such as alcohol and water in fermentation products, or oxygen and nitrogen in liquid air) but also for highly complex mixtures such as those found in coal tar and petroleum. The purpose of fractional distillation is to separate a mixture of two miscible liquids (liquids that...
952 Words | 4 Pages
Isolation of Eugenol Essential Oil from Clove Buds Using Steam Distillation
Isolation of Eugenol from Clove Buds using Steam Distillation Abstract Eugenol – C10H12O2 The main volatile oil extracted from clove buds is eugenol. It is used in a variety of ways in traditional medicine and can be isolated successfully using a variety of methods. Isolation was performed using steam distillation. A 3.0% yield of eugenol oil was observed during the experiment. Introduction Eugenol is an essential oil with a formula of...
727 Words | 3 Pages
Experiment 3B Fractional Semi-microscale Distillation Separation of Hexane and Toluene
Chem 2203 Sec 026 27/September/2013 Experiment 3B: Fractional Semi-microscale Distillation Separation of Hexane and Toluene. Objective: The main goal of this lab is to learn how separation of binary liquid mixtures is performed. Especially when the two liquids have boiling points varying by about 30° C. Hexane can be separated from toluene in this experiment because of the difference in their boiling points. Since toluene has a higher boiling point, it will left at the bottom while the...
1,041 Words | 5 Pages
0919 Lab Report 3 Steam Distillation and 4 Crystallization
Reuven Ilyayev Lab Instructor: Maciej Domaradzki Labs 3 & 4 09/19/11 Objective: In steam distillation lab (lab 3), we must obtain pure Eugenol from cloves through the process of steam distillation. In the crystallization lab (lab 4) part 1, we must acquire the best possible pure crystallization of acetylsalicylic acid from aspirin and in part 2 we must obtain a similar pure crystallization of benzil from an impure mixture of benzil. Materials: In lab 3, we used 75 g of cloves from...
2,457 Words | 7 Pages
Isolation & Identification of the Major Constituent of Clove Oil with Steam Distillation
11 Indonesian Journal of Agriculture nut shell liquid ... Isolation of cardanol from cashew 2(1), 2009: 11-20 ISOLATION OF CARDANOL FROM CASHEW NUT SHELL LIQUID USING THE VACUUM DISTILLATION METHOD1) Risfaheria), Tun Tedja Irawadi b), M. Anwar Nur b), and Illah Sailah b) a) Indonesian Center for Agricultural Postharvest Research and Development Jalan Tentara Pelajar No. 12 Bogor 16114, Phone: (0251) 8321762, 8350920, Facs.: (0251) 8321762, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com...
6,123 Words | 40 Pages
Simple Distillation, Gas Chromatography: Preparation of Synthetic Banana Oil
Simple Distillation, Gas Chromatography: Preparation of Synthetic Banana Oil Introduction This experiment gave us the opportunity to work with a variety of new procedures as well as practice procedures that are new to us within the past few weeks of labs. Within the context of the scenario, we find that a distilling company that markets a popular banana liqueur is having problems. The banana plantation that they use to create their banana extract was hit hard by a hurricane and their...
2,194 Words | 8 Pages
Isolation & Identification of the Major Constituent of Clove Oil with Steam Distillation
Isolation & Identification of the Major Constituent of Clove Oil with Steam Distillation The purpose of this laboratory experiment was to isolate and characterize clove oil in order to understand how to isolate organic compounds with high boiling points, how to perform and interpret qualitative tests for organic compound functionality, and to continue to learn how to perform and interpret IR spectrometry. Steam distillation was used in order to prevent the organic compound from...
1,291 Words | 4 Pages
Isolation of Eugenol from Cloves by Steam Distillation and Its Identification by Infrared Spectroscopy
Isolation of Eugenol from Cloves by Steam Distillation and its Identification by Infrared Spectroscopy Eim A. Chemist CHEM 303 June 16, 2005 INTRODUCTION "Essential oils" are the volatile components associated with the aromas of many plants.1 In this experiment, the essential oil eugenol (the main component of oil of cloves) will be isolated from ground cloves using the technique of steam distillation, which is often used to isolate liquid natural products from plants.2 The...
1,691 Words | 6 Pages
Effect of Kinetic and Design Parameters on Ternary Reactive Distillation Columns William L. Luyben* Department of Chemical Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
Chemical Engineering and Processing 46 (2007) 774–780 Reactive distillation: The front-runner of industrial process intensification A full review of commercial applications, research, scale-up, design and operation G. Jan Harmsen a,b a Shell Global Solutions, Shell Research and Technology Center Amsterdam, P.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam, The Netherlands b RijksUniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands Received 19 June 2007; accepted 20 June 2007 Available...
5,413 Words | 16 Pages
TABLE OF CONTENT Content Page Introduction Type of Distillation Column Operation of Distillation Column Application in Industry Drawing of simple PFD Problems solving 1.0 INTRODUCTION Distillation is defined as a process in which a liquid or vapour mixture of two or more substances is separated into its component fractions of desired purity, by the application and removal of heat. Distillation is the most commonly used separation process in the chemistry and petrochemical industry,...
1,118 Words | 5 Pages
Extraction of Eugenol - 1148 Words
Extraction of Eugenol from Cloves 02/01/2014 CHM2210L University of North Florida Abstract Eugenol is found in the essential oil of cloves and has distinct properties that make it an important product to both food and drug industries. (Bhimrao, et. al, 2004). To utilize many of eugenol's characteristic properties, it is necessary to isolate this organic chemical from the other components of cloves. In this experiment, eugenol was isolated from a sample of cloves using a series...
1,148 Words | 4 Pages
Pre Lab Experiment 14: Preparation of 1-Bromobutane
Experiment 14: Preparation of 1-Bromobutane Goal: To prepare 1-Bromobutane by the SN2 reaction from 1-Butanol with Sodium Bromide and Sulfuric Acid. Mechanism: Procedure: 1. Place 27g of NaBr, 20mL of n-butyl alcohol, and 30mL of water into a 250mL round bottom flask. 2. Put the mixture in an ice-water batch and cool briefly, then slowly add 23 mL of conc H2SO4 while stirring with a magnetic stirrer. 3. Place a water-cooled condenser and heat the flask until the mixture boils...
341 Words | 1 Page
Separation of Organic Liquids Report
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB 2: Separation of Organic Liquid Mixtures Introduction: In this experiment, a mixture of two compounds, cyclohexane and toluene, was separated into fractions by the techniques of simple and fractional distillation. The individual fractions that were gathered from the distillation were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and used to compare the efficiencies of the two different distillation techniques. The ultimate goal of this experiment was to determine whether...
1,196 Words | 7 Pages
physiology 209 - 1019 Words
1 SN2 Reaction, Ionic Liquid (Group – hood) Background Reading Solomons and Fryhle Chapter 6 (Substitution/Elimination Reactions) Techniques: Weights and Measures, Reflux, Liquid-Liquid Extraction, Distillation. Introduction The SN2 reaction is a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction where the nucleophile (a molecule with a free pair of electrons) reacts with an alkyl halide and replaces the halogen (for more details see Solomons and Fryle, Chapter 6). The nucleophile...
1,019 Words | 5 Pages
Experiments - 956 Words
Abstract Separation of the compound ethanol from alcoholic beverages, such as vodka, involves the process of distillation. Distillation is the separation of volatile substances mixed with nonvolatile substances by boiling the mixture to alter the phase of the volatile substance. The researchers used the simple distillation set up to conduct the experiment. 25 ml of The Bar Vodka was used and 7 ml of distillate was collected before a temperature of 95 degrees Celsius was reached. Collected...
956 Words | 5 Pages
ISOLATION OF TRIMYRISTIN FROM NUTMEG ABSTRACT The purpose if the experiment was to extract the Trimyristan from ground nutmeg using extraction, distillation and recrystallization procedures. This experiment involves extraction and separation techniques that yield a purified product. The product was extracted and a distillation process was used to remove any remaining solvent. The recrystallization of the sample in turn produced a pure sample, which was proven using the known...
1,219 Words | 4 Pages
Communication Studies 2005 Module 1 Essay
a) The main point of this piece is that rum is inextricably embraced within the history and culture of the Caribbean. b) Dylan Kerrigan wrote a literary piece entitled "Rum Tales" from which an extract was published in the Caribbean Beat magazine in November/December 2003. His main purpose is to inform the reader of the evolution of the rum making process throughout Caribbean history, specifically in Barbados, where the oldest distillery resides. Multiple strategies and language...
405 Words | 2 Pages
Estimation of Chloride - 517 Words
Name: Bhumiben Shah Date: 31st Jan '13 EXPERIMENT # 2 RECRYSTALLIZATION; FILTRATION OBJECTIVES: 1. To perform recrystallization and filtration of given impure organic compound. 2. To purify impure acetanilide using reflux condenser apparatus and Hirsch funnel filtration. 3. To determine percentage recovery of pure material (which is), purified by recrystallization and filtration. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS: 1. Operate the aspirator with the maximum water-flow using a stop cock to...
517 Words | 2 Pages
Diels-Alder Reaction - 907 Words
THEORY: The Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction was discovered by Otto Diels and Kurt Alder and is very useful in the synthesis of polycyclic compounds. The Diels-Alder reaction can be described as: [4+2] cycloaddition- a diene with 4 π electrons + 2π electrons from the dienophile; a pericyclic concerted reaction- meaning the reaction occurs in a single step (no intermediates) and involves a cyclic redistribution of bonding electrons. In order for a Diels-Alder reaction to take...
907 Words | 3 Pages
Formal Report - Synthesis of an Alkyl Halide
Experiment 6: Synthesis of an Alkyl Halide Maria Alexandria Buraga Ammuyutan Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines ------------------------------------------------- Department of Food and Science Nutrition, College of Home Economics, Univeristy of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines ------------------------------------------------- ABSTRACT ------------------------------------------------- Alcohols react with...
1,595 Words | 5 Pages
Lipase catalysis - 684 Words
Using lipase as catalyst, can effectively avoid the above problems.Has the structure specificity of lipase in anhydrous or micro water in the reaction system of glycerol and fatty acids of catalytic esterification reaction.S.B hattachar2rya etc in rice bran oil using 1, 32 specificity lipase esterification acid, palm oil refinery plantthe reaction pressure of 1333122 pa, temperature 70 ℃, with enzyme amount is 10% of the heavy oil, glycerin excess 50%, the reaction of 1 h, oil has fallen from...
684 Words | 2 Pages
Synthesis of Cyclohexanol - 1645 Words
Synthesis of Cyclohexanol Author: Ahmed Ayyash 06/06/13 Introduction: In this experiment, cyclohexanol was prepared from an initial cyclohexene. However, this occurred over a number of steps, these are out lined below. 1. Cyclohexene + aqueous acid cyclohexyl cation 2. cyclohexyl cation + hydrogen sulphate + water protonated cyclohexanol + cyclohexyl hydrogen sulphate 3. cyclohexyl hydrogen sulphate protonated cyclohexanol + HSO4 4. protonated cyclohexanol +...
1,645 Words | 5 Pages
Synthesis of 1-Bromobutane - 3050 Words
November 15, 2007 Synthesis of 1-Bromobutane Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol and sodium bromide. In order for this reaction to reach completion there are four major operations that need to be performed. The four major operations include refluxing, simple distillation, separation, and drying. To begin, in order for the compounds to react they will be dissolved in water and sulfuric acid will be added. The addition of sulfuric...
3,050 Words | 10 Pages
A Study of Azeotrope and Acetone/Chloroform Liquid-Vapor Phase Diagram
A Study of Azeotrope and Acetone/Chloroform Liquid-Vapor Phase Diagram Abstract: Liquid-vapor phase of acetone/chloroform was studied through distilling a series of mixtures with different mole fraction. When the mixtures were boiling, their vapor was condensed through a water column and collected in a receiving container. Refractive index was collected for starting mixture, distillate and residue for each sample. A boiling temperature versus acetone's mole fraction was constructed to show...
1,345 Words | 5 Pages
Grignard reaction - 1137 Words
Experiment C. Aim: To protect one of two carbonyl groups (C1) in order to allow the other to react twice with a Grignard followed by removal of the protecting group by acid hydrolysis to give final product (C2). Method: Ethyl acetoacetate (30.03g), ethylene glycol (15.01g) and toluene-p-sulphonic acid (0.13g) were added to a 250 cm3 round bottomed flask, containing a stirrer bar and toluene (100 cm3), fitted with a condenser and dean-stark head. Solution was heated strongly under reflux...
1,137 Words | 8 Pages
Isolation and Purification of Cholesterol from Egg Yolk
The purpose of this experiment was to isolate and purify cholesterol from egg yolks. Two hard boiled egg yolks were twice extracted with diethyl ether and methanol, with the filtrate collected via vacuum filtration. Potassium hydroxide pellets were added to the filtrate, the ether was distilled off, and the mixture was saponified by reflux. The crude cholesterol was isolated through a series of ether extractions and aqueous washes; then the ether was dried with MgSO4 and removed by rotary...
290 Words | 1 Page
Chemistry Lab - 660 Words
9/19/2012 Experiment #1-Density Aim: Learn how the process of distillation occurs. Observe how distillation separates alcohol from wine. Method: Distillation is based on the fact that the matter can exist in three phases - - solid, liquid and gas. As the temperature of a pure substance is increased, it passes through these phases, making a transition at a specific temperature from solid to liquid (melting point--mp) and then at a higher temperature from liquid to gas (boiling point--bp)....
660 Words | 2 Pages
Macrocyclic Synthesis - 612 Words
Lab Report Macrocyclic Synthesis (Heme Analog) I. Purpose of Experiment and Introduction The purpose of this lab experiment is to prepare meso-tetraphenylporphin (TPP) and its copper, cobalt or zinc complex by condensing benzaldehyde with pyrrole in boiling propanoic acid. II. Introduction and Background There are two types of proteins that function as oxygen carriers: myoglobin (stores the oxygen) and hemoglobin (present in red blood cells and is responsible for oxygen...
612 Words | 3 Pages
Isolation of Eugenol - 559 Words
Introduction In this experiment, the essential oil eugenol (the main component of oil of cloves) will be isolated from whole cloves using the technique of simple distillation, which is often used to isolate liquid natural products from plants. The mixture of whole cloves and distilled water will then be heated to boiling and the distillate (a eugenol/water mixture) will be collected. The eugenol will then be separated from the water by extraction with pentane. The pentane solutions will then be...
559 Words | 2 Pages
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Mixture & Solids - 689 Words
Ethanol Production from Lacatan, Latundan and Senorita Peelings
Determining the Molar Mass of a Volatile Liquid
Essential Oils in Pharmacognosy - 2494 Words


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Wednesday, January 04, 2006
The publisher-agent saga
Really, I just wanted to say that, as much as I appreciate the vote of confidence that my work should go to an agent, I would never ask any of you agented people to get me in the door. I mean, if you offered, sure! Duh, who wouldn't say yes?
But despite the fact that this is a virtual little world one step removed from "reality" and the only one of you I've met in person is Stuart, I feel like this is my support network and I'm just honoured to have people who read my rants and ramblings. And I appreciate all the encouragement and the amusement I get from bantering with you guys.
It just isn't...me to impose. I might get up the nerve to ask people to read my book and put a blurb on it, but asking someone to introduce me to their agent seems huge. Just something I couldn't ask.
You guys have been so supportive. It means a lot to me.
Damn. Guess this means I may have to deal with a photo of me sooner than I thought. There really is a down side to everything!
Now go down and read "Ruttan on Rickards", which got a bit buried under all of this!
7 comments:
- JamesO said...
I know exactly what you mean, Sandra. I went to Stuart's book lauch, met Agent Phil and then went to a swish restaurant (which then poisoned me) with Jane Johnson and some others from Harper Collins (and a couple of other reprobates I can't remember). A little voice in the back of my head was screaming at me -'pitch your novel' as I chatted with Jane about climbing, Morocco and other unliterary things, but I couldn't do it. It was Stuart's day and I was glad just to have been introduced to his publisher. Hopefully she'll think the better of me when my novel finally does appear in front of her.
Alternatively, I could just be showing predictable British reserve, and I might have missed a golden opportunity. Who knows?
On the other hand, Stuart did bully Agent Phil into reading some of my stuff, which was extremely useful.
- 4:58 a.m.
- Sandra Ruttan said...
You know James, I think somewhere the karmic gods are smiling on you for having that much class.
I just could never be a name-dropper, you know? Walk up to Agent X and say, "I know your client Y and I have a book for you." I think it's hard to know what to do in those situations, but I just can't push, you know? If I'm going to get an agent or a publisher, it'll not likely be from me badgering them to death.
Unless they're the subject of a plot for a book...
- 7:44 a.m.
- JamesO said...
You need to talk to John about badgering someone to death...
- 2:31 p.m.
- Sandra Ruttan said...
We're talking about contracts here, not his books!
Can you imagine being beaten to death with a copy of Winter's End? Or would it be the shock of opening up to the back jacket and seeing the photo?
- 2:39 p.m.
- Sarah said...
I didn't see the original post but I definitely know what you mean -- I'm reticent by nature about asking favors of others, and I'd rather let my own work stand for itself instead of having to rely on a referral.
Which isn't to say I might buckle under, but truth is, just because your friend's agent is right for him or her doesn't make that agent right for YOU. Which means the referral's not going to be of use.
- 3:59 p.m.
I don't think I could tell an agent I met socially about a novel I was writing. It would be like meeting a doctor socially and telling him all your symptoms.
- 7:13 p.m.
- John R. said...
Or the shock that comes from the lack of badgers in the photo on the back.
Which means I must be hiding them elsewhere.
Mmm... wriggly...
- 6:22 a.m.

subset: commoncrawl


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Understanding The Other Climate Change Agent/
When it comes to studying climate change, most of the focus is on greenhouse gases that absorb radiation and warm temperatures at the Earth's surface. But despite capturing the majority of the blame, greenhouse gases are not the sole contributor to global warming. Aerosols, the small particles once blamed for depleting the planet's protective ozone layer, are also known to influence the Earth's climate, though they are sometimes excluded from computer simulations due to their short lifespan and complex effects.
In her talk at the Computation Institute on September 18, Yan Feng, an assistant computational atmospheric scientist in the Environmental Science Division at Argonne National Laboratory, made the case for new efforts to understand how aerosols factor into climate change. Her research, some of it conducted with CI Senior Fellow V. Rao Kotamarthi, looks at whether aerosols compound or buffer the warming effect of greenhouse gases, how aerosols interact with clouds and other atmospheric systems, and how best to include these effects in state-of-the-art climate models used at Argonne and elsewhere.
A central issue to studying aerosols is that the term describes a wide range of different particles, most of which come from natural sources such as wildfires and volcanoes. Only 10 percent of aerosols are released into the atmosphere by human activities, including industrial activity and transportation, but studies have shown for decades that some of these human-generated aerosols -- such as "black carbon" from soot and smoke -- are dangerous to air quality and public health. Less well known are the effects of these particles upon climate, in part because of a mixed effect: some aerosols trap radiation and contribute to warming, while others scatter radiation and have a cooling effect.
In fact, the overall effect when all aerosols are taken into account actually reduces the warming caused by greenhouse gases, Feng said, referencing her 2008 paper with Veerabhadran Ramanathan at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Other projections of future climate change if carbon emissions are reduced find that the warming already in progress will reach a higher peak before abating if aerosols are also curbed. The results suggest that better computer modeling of aerosol effects on climate are needed to determine the best mitigation policies for the future.
"We need to better understand aerosols, because their effect is comparable to greenhouse gases, and that will affect our decision-making going forward," Feng said.
In her current research, Feng uses the high-performance resources at the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility to model aerosol effects on climate and the hydrological cycle in areas such as California and South Asia. The models, which simulate the atmosphere in three dimensions and combine physics and chemistry, require massive power and generate equally impressive amounts of data -- a recent 10-year simulation of the western United States used 4 million core hours of compute time and generated 11.5 terabytes of data per year. But the additional detail provides new insight on the role of lesser-known aerosols, such as brown carbon, which a 2013 paper found contributes to as much as 20 percent of the radiative forcing effect of aerosols on climate.
For more on Feng's aerosols research, view her complete talk using Adobe Connect.
(Image: Portrait of Global Aerosols/William Putman, NASA/Goddard. From Wikimedia Commons.
This portrait of global aerosols was produced by a GEOS-5 simulation at a 10-kilometer resolution. Dust (red) is lifted from the surface, sea salt (blue) swirls inside cyclones, smoke (green) rises from fires, and sulfate particles (white) stream from volcanoes and fossil fuel emissions. High-resolution global atmospheric modeling run on the Discover supercomputer at the NASA Center for Climate Simulation at Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md., provides a unique tool to study the role of weather in Earth's climate system. The Goddard Earth Observing System Model, Version 5 (GEOS-5) is capable of simulating worldwide weather at resolutions of 10 to 3.5 kilometers (km).)


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As many an of us now know, Texas Hold 'Em has understood the global by current of air in recent age. From the casual player, the soul who spends innumerable hours musical performance on online poker, to those who have contend in the World Series of Poker, this is a hobby that will check your skills. I have approved to put unneurotic meet a wee schedule of Texas Hold 'Em tips that has helped me completed the ult few years to turn a amended actor. Hopefully they will activity you too.
1) Give the Table 100% of your concentration - This is probably the greatest direction I can dispense. While I am undeniably not a white-collar fire iron player, I can say that it is hugely few and far between that I don't season into the top 3 when I dramatic composition anymore next to other than armatures. I have saved in my performance that it is markedly unforced to learn who the prototypical brace of players are that will be eliminated. They are the ones who are ever checking their phones, devising calls and causing manuscript messages. Keeping an eye on the TV for the provincial sports scores, or find themselves obsessed with the music playing in the situation. Those who win are the ones gainful glare of publicity to the tabular array.
2) Don't be anxious to bet on Risky Cards proto on or if the Money is suitable - Most peopler would share you that if you are seated near the 2 and 3 intermingled suits that the record-breaking bet is to bend. The cards are low and your chances for even a flush is not apposite. While this mightiness be moral advice I try and stare at it a littler contradictory. Don't be panicky to dramatic work these game if the funding and the development is authority. For guide if it is premature in the hobby and the blinds are not moving low, consequently it can be assessment the stake to at smallest see the computer operation. At this component if you get to game that igniter or set you up in good health for a strait consequently you can variety the verdict to go on or fold and it hasn't outgo you substantially. Remember that if you have a 2 and 3, later you have retributive as considerably randomness of hit the narrow than if you were to have an A K.Post ads:
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While some out near will before now cognise the three belongings that I have mentioned above, I prospect that in attendance are some people out nearby that this will aid beside. Texas Hold 'Em is a fun lame whether your playing with a twosome of friends or your musical performance online poker, and these tips will be competent to assist you no business wherever the game takes point.Post ads:
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Welcome to our Loudon listing page. We provide listings for low income families who need help paying their electric bills.
EnergyAssistance.us lists programs sponsored by local governments as well as non-profit organizations designed to assist low-income individuals and families with utility bills.
There are federal funds destined to subsidize electric and heating bills in Loudon, Tennessee.
505 Mulberry Street
Loudon, TN - 37774
(865) 458-5541
We are a private non-profit assistance ministry serving the emergency needs of people in Loudon County. We help our clients with utility bills, food, prescription costs, and other short term help.Read more


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MAC Dame Edna Collection
MAC Dame Edna Collection. The MAC Dame Edna Collection will be released DEC 26, which is a few days before my birthday. The collection has ...
MAC Dame Edna Collection. The MAC Dame Edna Collection will be released DEC 26, which is a few days before my birthday. The collection has such pretty colors and I should be picking up the blushes and lip glosses... Anyway here's what's in the collection.
Lipstick (LE) - $14.00USD
- Kanga-rouge – Creamy dark blue red (amplified creme)
- Gladiola – Matte mid-tone blue pink (matte)
- Coral polyp – Creamy mid-tone coral (amplified creme)
Lipglass (LE) $14.00USD
- Hot Frost – Sheer mid-tone blue pink with multi-dimensional pearlized pigments (frost)
- Splendid – Frosty pale pinky coral (frost)
- Possum Nose Pink – Sheer bright coral with multi-dimensional pearlized pigments (frost)
Eye Shadow Trio (LE) - $32.50USD
Royal Tour Eye Trio
- Royal Tour – Mid-tone cool lilac (satin)
- Dame's Desire – Frosty mid-tone reddish purple (frost)
- Climate Blue – Dark blue violet with pink pearlized pigments (velvet) (Repromote from Cool Heat)
Wisteria Eye Trio
- Fineshine - Frosty true-silver (lustre) (Repromote from Lustrevision)
- Wisteria – Frosty robin's egg blue (velvet)
- Divine Night – Frosty charcoal with silver pearlized pigments (velvet)
Highlight Powder LE) - $26.00USD
- What a Dame! – Pale orangey pink
- Spectacle – Pale soft pink
Nail Lacquer (LE) $11.00USD
- Asiatique – Creamy classic red (creme) (Repromote from Ornamentalism)
- Varicose Violet – Frost mid-tone pinkish purple (frost)


text:
Burger Bash and The Q may grab the biggest headlines, but seminars offer some of the Festival's best value, chef mingling and bang for your buck. A ticket averages less than $100 and if you plan your day right, you can hit two or three without leaving the building. Fewer crowds, more intimacy and a whole lot of food and drink. Here are our top seminar picks…
Matador! An Introduction to Anta Banderas Winery with Anotnio Banderas
Friday, Feb 24, 4:30-5:30pm; $100; Gansevoort Miami Beach
Zorro arrives in the Magic City and brings his Spanish wines with him. Rumor has it a certain misses might be along for the ride.
Meatballs with Daniel Holzman & Mark Oldman
Sat, Feb 25, noon-1pm; $85; Miami Beach Convention Center
Daniel Holzman, the chef and co-owner of NYC's Meatball Shop, and wine personality Mark Oldman are dishing out crab meatballs with Old Bay dipping sauce, chicken meatball sliders, lamb meatballs with wild mushrooms, spicy pork meatballs – and a hefty dose of wines to match.
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Godiva Chocolate Bar
Sat, Feb 25, 2-3pm; $85; Miami Beach Convention Center
Two words – chocolate and vodka. Sip Godiva-infused vodka and the dark chocolate and raspberry truffles that inspired them. Don't miss specialty cocktails and the well-stocked chocolate bar.
Momofuku Milk Bar Desserts with Christina Tosi and Andrea Robinson
Sat, Feb 25, 5-6pm; $110; Miami Beach Convention Center
One of Manhattan's biggest names in dessert arrives in the Magic City and she's bringing her celery root ganache, black pepper shortcake, chocolate chip cake and chocolate malt truffle with her. Go home with a sated sweet tooth and a copy of the Momofuku Milk Bar Cookbook.
Grilled Cheese with Laura Werlin, The Kindergarten Classic All Grown Up
Sunday, Feb 26, noon-1pm; $85; Miami Beach Convention Center
Laura Werlin, the "cognoscente of cheese" and author of The Great Grilled Cheese is talking all things cheese. Pair wines with cheese then the warm sandwich version of the same cheese – taste the magic.
Talking with My Mouth Full with Gail Simmons and Josh Wesson
Sunday, Feb 26, 1-2pm, $85; Miami Beach Convention Center
Top Chef fans can get close with Simmons as she chats about her new memoir and offers Vietnamese shrimp & scallion egg pancakes, pork belly with pickled radishes, Spanish artichoke & chickpea stew and chocolate-peanut butter & banana ice cream bars.
Mexican Foods & Tequila with Marcella Valladolid & Mark Oldman featuring Rosa Mexicano
Sunday, Feb 26, 2-3pm, $85; Miami Beach Convention Center
Discover tequila beyond the margarita and wash it down with scallop ceviche and spice rubbed quail.


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GlobalInfoResearch.biz recently published their Global Printed Electronics Market Research Report 2018 which is a thorough review helping measure and analyze data generated through a deep study and industry research.
The infusion of new insights enables enterprises to enhance their marketing, products, and overall productivity. With help of report, enterprises unlock growth prospects whereas without them, they run great risks.
DOWNLOAD FREE SAMPLE REPORT: https://globalinforesearch.biz/report/global-printed-electronics-market-research-report-2018/51389/#requestforsample
Furthermore, the report also helps to measure and optimize each step in the lifecycle of Printed Electronics industrial process including engagement, acquisition, retention, and monetization. It also helps end-users capable of acquiring new customers, figuring out high-value customers, and lessening the gap between churning and retaining new clients.
Currently, number of prominent market players including , Thin Film Electronics, GSI Technologies, Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated (PARC), E Ink, Novacentrix, Enfucell, Molex, YD Ynvisible, T-Ink are emphasizing on strategic partnerships and new product development with an aim to deliver market insights to serve their customers in developing demands.
The report is focused on:
- Important changes in market dynamics
- A complete backdrop analysis, which includes an assessment of the parent market
- Market segmentation up to the second or third level
- Reporting and evaluation of recent industry developments
- Historical, current, and projected size of the market from the standpoint of both value and volume
- Market shares and strategies of key players
- Emerging niche segments and regional markets
- Recommendations to companies for strengthening their foothold in the market
- An objective assessment of the trajectory of the market
Moreover, Porter's Five Forces analysis provides analysis of bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers, threat of new entrants, threat of substitutes, and degree of competition in the global Printed Electronics market.
The global Printed Electronics can be segmented on the basis of component, type, platform, application, industry, and geography. By application, the report can be segregated into several application such as , Smart Cards, Sensors, Printed Batteries, RFID Tags, OLED, , .
READ FULL REPORT: https://globalinforesearch.biz/report/global-printed-electronics-market-research-report-2018/51389/
Based on region, the market can be segmented into various major regions like , United States, EU, China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, , . The Printed Electronics market in a few effective regions is expected to expand at a considerable compound annual growth rate during the forecast period.
Finally, the report offers a comprehensive evaluation of the market. It does so via in-depth qualitative insights, historical data, and verifiable projections about market size. The projections featured in the report have been derived using proven research methodologies and assumptions. Analysis of upstream raw materials, downstream demand, and current market dynamics has also been carried out in the research review. Overall, the report provides an in-depth insight of 2013-2025 global and Printed Electronics industry covering all important parameters, estimating 2018-2025 market development trends of the market.
Customization of the Report:This report can be customized to meet the client's requirements. Please connect with our sales team (firstname.lastname@example.com), who will ensure that you get a report that suits your needs.


text:
Android - UK Service Termination
Thank you for subscribing to one of our unlimited SMS plans.
Due to unforeseen circumstances we are terminating support for all UK SMS services as of 20 June 2016.
In order to receive a refund for your most recent subscription payment, please provide us with a copy of the last receipt you were emailed from Google Play. Once we have that, we will be able to process your refund.
You can send your refund request to us at email@example.com.
Thank you for using Nextplus.


text:
Heather was a very lovable girl, who had a lot going for her. Unfortunately, everything was taken from her way too soon.
Before high school, it seemed that Heather was not a very happy girl. She didn't have very many friends, and seemed almost depressed. It wouldn't be until high school, that she would come to find a place with other people just like her. A family of outcasts. It seemed to be just what she needed. And she fit in, as if she had been there since day one. She was not singled out, and was accepted very invitingly. Unfortunately, the kind of people that she hung out with, were not always positive influences. Many smoked marijuana, skipped school, had arrest records and were sexually active. As if attempting to fit in more, Heather joined in on many of these activities.
The friends quickly became another family to Heather, as she preferred not to be around her own. She said that she was "tired of my Mom's stupid bible talk." She wanted to do what she wanted, when she wanted, and really aimed on making her family upset and angry with everything she did. Those in the "family" at times condoned some of the things that she did, though most watched over her as a child, and tried to tell her when she was going overboard. Heather would just blow it off, and continue to party. And if she wasn't invited somewhere where she had previously "over-partied", she would find her own fun for that night or week. It got to the point that she would drink and do drugs with a room full of people that she didn't even know. She engaged in sexual acts with several people, even as minimal as playing strip poker. She would often find herself saying "what the hell did I do last night?"
Her parents tried to intervene many times, but to no avail. She was stuck on the idea of living life to the fullest, regardless of the consequences. Finally, her mother, stepfather and father decided on one last attempt to straighten her out, by sending her to Maine to live with her father. Heather resented her mother even more than ever, but went to Maine, protesting all the way.
Over the next year or two, Heather would keep in contact with many of her friends via phone, and would occasionally come back to Minnesota for a visit.


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This workshop took place in January 2018. We are now beginning to plan for the 2020 workshops week. Please check back later for details.
About The Class
Instructor: Jean "Gino" Miele
Medium: Photography
Workshop Title: Visual Alchemy
Take your photos from "almost" to "wow!" We all use the same tools (cameras, light, computers), so why do some photographers produce consistently exceptional work? Because they understand the magic necessary to transform what's in front of the camera into a stunning photograph. Understand what you are trying to say, figure out what risks you need to take to get there, and learn to use shooting techniques, Photoshop, and/or Lightroom to create stronger, more striking images, and take your work to the next level. Participants should be comfortable with their camera and with Photoshop or Lightroom.
Click here to download the PDF of student material list for Photography.
About The Instructor
Recognized for his finely-crafted digital photographs, Jean Miele's original prints have been exhibited in galleries from New York to Norway, and acquired by collectors worldwide. "Gino" is also internationally known as an educator whose workshops demystify digital and empower students to realize their own photographic vision. Miele has taught for ICP, Adobe, Apple, Fuji & many others.
- Application Fee: $50.00
- Residents: $1,235.00
(Tuition, Fees, Room & Board Tuesday dinner through Sunday lunch)
- Commuters: $990.00
(Tuition, Fees, Lunch and Dinner Tuesday dinner through Sunday lunch)
Workshop Ended
Jean "Gino" Miele
These photos are representative of the instructor's work, not necessarily of work that will be produced during the workshop.


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Still high on my wonderful visit to NYC.
10th Avenue viewed from the Highline - wow!
The glory and playful happening in Central Park's Sheep's Meadow --
and fashion at the MET.
I felt like a carefree tourist --
and it was fun,
exceptionally so,
as it can only happen in NY, NY.


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I stare at myself in the mirror. Not in a conceited way. More of a "WHO THE HECK ARE YOU?" way. Is this normal? Yeah, didn't think so... :/ I don't do it all the time though, if that makes this situation any better. Haha.
I really adore Anberlin! I like them so much I would probably name one of my offspring Anberlin... I have a whole slew of names written down for future reference... gosh, this post is just making me sound like a creeeper. Anyway, I know it's a good band, when it can totally 360 my mood!! I've been pursing to buy a shirt by them. I've been procrastinating that- like a year of procrastinating. Ooops, but really? Are you even remotely surprised? Lol
Yesterday I went on a 5 or so mile hike with some of my best friends, then for a little jog by myself around midnight. Man, I need to get in better shape. I kept up just fine, but I need to get more into shape. Good thing Summer is just around the corner. So I can shed off my holiday weight. It was so pretty up in the mountains! We hiked up to a little river? Waterfall? Thing. It took us approximatively 3 hours.
Hah, so remember my previous post? HERE, Where I talked about Box Elder bugs? And how I periodically find them chillin on my shoulder? And how that scares the sh*t out of me? Well, that 100% happened to me yesterday. :/ Not funny.
I'm pretty happy today! I'm getting my hair cut!!!! Way short................................................... Just kidding :p But I am getting it trimmed. Thank goodness. It needs it.
I'll probably update this post later... my day is pretty lax today. (Am I using lax in the right context? :/ hope so, haha).
I really need a new ipod. That's all I have to say. Make yourself a grrrreat day.


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Lloyd's Register Marine Launch Class Direct Free App
Lloyd's Register Marine say they have created an easy-to-use app for smartphones and tablets, enabling its clients to access ship and fleet data from anywhere in the world.
LR describe the new app as using the functionality of LR's award-winning web service Class Direct, and is specifically designed to give users access to the information they need whenever and wherever; available now for free on iPhone, iPad and Android devices.
Users of the Class Direct app are able to book a survey with LR, monitor and check the status of their vessel's surveys, browse the classification data LR holds for specific vessels and create a list of their 'favourite' vessels for quicker access.
The Class Direct smartphone and tablet app is available now on the App Store and Google Play. To download the relevant version of the app for your device go to www.lr.org/classdirectapp .


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|Any swamp or rain forest
|Activity Cycle:
|Animal (1)
|No. Appearing:
|Armor Class:
|6, Sw 12
|Hit Dice:
|No. of Attacks:
|3 (claw/claw/bite)
|Special Attacks:
|Forefeet (1d6)
|Special Defenses:
|Plant form
|Magic Resistance:
|L (6-8' long)
|Average (8-10)
|XP Value:
Swampmares are large, water-loving creatures related to tapirs. The gurrash of the Bayou use them as war mounts, beasts of burden, and occasionally as food. The swampmare is just big enough to carry a single gurrash rider. Swampmares can swim and walk through water, swamp muck, and the overgrown swamp jungle.
All swampmares have tough, leathery skin with a greenish coloration. They also have webbed, clawed feet to aid them in swimming through deep swamp muck. Its head is characterized by a short snout, beady eyes, and short ears.
Combat: Swampmares may take the form of a bald cypress tree. A swampmare in cypress-tree form is indistinguishable from a real cypress. The ability to transform into a tree provides the swampmare with an excellent defense mechanism against large, meat-loving predators. Swampmares found in rain forests transform into more appropriate tree forms.
In combat, the swampmare delivers a vicious bite. In the water, the swampmare can also lash out with its clawed forefeet, using all four of its attacks.
If a swampmare fails a morale check during combat and fleeing appears to be impossible, it turns into a tree and attempts to wait out the trouble. The transformation process takes one round. The tree form, while not invulnerable, is considerably tougher. Treat the cypress-tree form as AC 0. Weapon attacks to the tree-form do a maximum of 1 point of damage per round. This plant form does not bleed or otherwise reveal that it is an animal in plant form.
In areas with thick vegetation, the swampmare's coloration allows it to blend into the background, giving the swampmare a 30% chance to hide in shadows.
Habitat/Society: Swampmares live in dense rain forests and swamps. When threatened, they squeal and flee to the water for safety; their squeal seems to be a means of communication with other members of the family group.
The swampmares used by the gurrash are domestic, carefully bred strains.
Ecology: A swampmare can remain in tree form for up to six hours per day. As a swampmare ages, it spends more and more time in cypress-tree form. Finally, when a swampmare succumbs to old age, it usually simply transforms itself into a tree and never changes back.
Swampmares feed primarily on leaves, fruit, and other vegetation. They need a minimum of two hours of sunlight per day in order to stay healthy. Also, a swampmare that spends three or more hours in tree-form in strong sunlight gathers enough energy to "feed" itself for a day. The gurrash often take advantage of this ability during times of war. They simply encourage their swampmare mounts to turn into trees for a few hours each day, eliminating their need for food.
Bald cypress trees are deciduous and have massive trunks that can be as much as 170 feet high. The roots of the bald cypress form natural crooks or knees that extend above the water. The knees are frequently used for the construction of wooden boats. The bald cypress is a valuable timber tree, and the gurrash could probably make a considerable profit from timber sales if they were willing to trade.
Last Modified: June 10, 2010, 12:05:09 GMT
◆ 1917 ◆


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How's your summer going? We finally have some sun after a month of rain every day. But I must admit that I like the cooler weather so far. I wish I could tell you some exciting news but my life is boring so I have nothing to say. :)
Linking to Paint Party Friday.