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I have another batch of empties to share and have a lot of half used products open right now which I'm trying to use up, so I will probably have two such posts to share next month. If you're interested in finding out if I liked any of the products above enough to consider them worth repurchasing, keep on reading.
COSRX Ultimate Moisturizing Honey Overnight Mask - I'm on my third pot right now and just can't get enough of this product. I use this gel moisturizer/mask pretty much every day and it's really suitable for my oily and acne-prone skin. In the morning I use a tiny bit and it sinks in quickly, but in the evening I like to apply it more liberally as a sleeping pack. This is the product that made me fall in love with COSRX and I will keep repurchasing it.
Emma Hardie Amazing Face Moringa Cleansing Balm - this was such a nice luxury balm. I loved the texture and its calming spa scent. Other than using it as a cleansing balm I also used it as a super nourishing mask - I massaged it into the skin and left it for about 10 minutes before removing with a warm cleansing cloth and it left the skin supple, hydrated and healthy looking. I have already repurchased another one in a smaller travel size.
Afrodita HYDRA THERMAL Hydra Active Concentrate - Serum - I don't know how many of these I've used up so far, but this serum has gradually become a staple in my skincare routine, much like the COSRX Honey Mask mentioned above.
Mizon Snail Recovery Gel Cream - another item that has quickly become a staple in my skincare routine. It calms the skin, helps with breakouts, overall tone and healing scarring. It is a lightweight almost transparent gel that seals in all other products and also has other benefits. I've already repurchased.
Paula's Choice Skin Perfecting 2% BHA Liquid (Salicylic Acid) - I really enjoyed using this product and it lasted me for longer than I thought it would. It contains salicylic acid and helps with exfoliation of the skin especially well with oilier skins. I've been using acids for so long I rarely experience side effects like burning, redness or dry skin, and my skin was taking this one really well. Overnight I would notice a difference in the brightness of my skin and tighter pores. I'm using a different product from Paula's Choice right now and I might repurchase this one again.
Glamglow Youthmud Tinglexfoliate Treatment Mask - a really nice mask for skin that isn't too sensitive, because the tingling effect can be quite intense. It left the skin plump and tighter, while the pores seemed reduced with an overall brighter and clearer complexion. It contains green tea leaves which exfoliate the skin when you wash the mask off. Currently, I much prefer their Supermud Clearing Treatment Mask that seems to suit my skin better.
LUSH Mask of Magnaminty - this clearing mask contains peppermint which also felt slightly tingly on the skin (but I feel like it's often added just to make you feel like the mask is doing something). It also contained not so finely milled exfoliating bits which can be slightly irritating for the skin. I might repurchase in the future, but not straight away.
Origins Clear Improvement Active Charcoal Mask - a classic clearing treatment mask that dries and hardens on the skin. With this one you have to make sure to open the pores before hand with a warm damp towel, otherwise it won't do much. It really helps with blackheads and impurities in general. I've already repurchased it.
Afrodita 100% SPA Strawberry Scented Body Mousse - this was a really nice body mousse and the lighter texture and creamy fruity fragrance are perfectly suited for warmer months. I will be repurchasing.
Yves Rocher Gentle Deodorant - I don't think I've ever used a more disappointing deodorant than this. It had a promising non offensive clean scent, but it was completely useless even on days when I did absolutely nothing. I think not wearing deodorant is better than using this. I didn't use it up, but we're parting ways. I wouldn't repurchase or recommend, obvi.
Palmer's Solid Cocoa Butter - I don't remember why exactly I bought this product. Where ever I used it on the body it left that annoying greasy residue on the skin which took forever to sink in. I tried to focus on using it only on really dry areas and it lasted me a really long time. Won't be repurchasing.
Tosama Baby Wipes - really nice wipes that are nicely saturated with product and don't dry up before I finish the whole pack. I use them to remove swatches etc. and will be repurchasing.
Palmer's Cocoa Butter Foot Magic - similarly to their solid cocoa butter this also left that annoying greasy feel on the skin but at the same time wasn't nourishing enough for my dry heels. It had a bit of peppermint inside which felt slightly refreshing. I always regret trying out different foot creams other than the Scholl Sensitive Balm because that one has a light, non-greasy texture and really makes a difference. Won't repurchase.
L'Occitane Shea Butter Hand Cream (full size + sample sachet) - this is a classic for a good reason. Granted there are more nourishing hand creams out there if your hands get super dry, like mine in the cold winter, but at other times, I really like this cream from L'Occitane. I love the clean shea butter scent and will repurchase in the future for sure.
Schwarzkopf Gliss Hair Repair Ultimate Resist Shampoo - Gliss Hair Repair is definitely my favourite drugstore line of hair care products and I was using it for the longest time before switching to Redken and Kerastase. I recently bought one of their newish releases (shampoo and conditioner) and I'm happy to say that they still deliver. The shampoo made my hair really smooth and shiny and I'm noticing less split ends. I will repurchase.
L'Occitane Aromachologie Repairing Shampoo (sample sachet x2) - I honestly think that shampoo's are one of L'Occitane's weaknesses and even though this one is made for dry and damaged hair it actually felt drying and the hair felt frizzy afterwards. I won't buy the full size.
L'Occitane Melting Honey Ultra Soft Cream (sample sachet x2) - I absolutely loved this body cream. The fragrance was perfect and reminded me of a Honey Vanilla EDT from the brand, a really lovely mixture of honey and sweet vanilla. I'm not sure if this collection is still available, but the scent seems perfect for cooler months.
L'Occitane Peony Beauty Milk (sample sachet) - the fragrance with this one started out really floral but after a couple minutes it got a lot more tolerable for me. I loved the lighter milky texture and how softening it felt on the skin, but I didn't like it enough to buy the full size.
Have you tried any of the mentioned products before?
Have you tried any of the mentioned products before?


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What AER you doing?
15th March 2012
It still frustrates me how different providers advertise gross and AER (Annual Equivalent Rate) rates, certainly considering that one of the reasons AER was brought in was so customers could compare accounts equally to get the real return. AER rates show you what interest rate you will receive over the year if the interest was paid and compounded each year. However, one of the best uses of AER is that it takes into account any applicable bonuses; for example if you had two account with the same gross rate, one without a bonus and one with a 6 months bonus, the AER would highlight that the account without a bonus is better value in the longer term. Fairly straightforward stuff. This was a fantastic thing to bring in considering that not that long ago (ok maybe longer than I'd like to admit) savings accounts were appearing in the best buy tables with bonuses that only lasted a matter of weeks – so anyone taking out the account would only benefit from the best buy rate for a very short period. In comes AER and now we know exactly how competitive the account is. However, not everyone advertises the AER the same. Our personal favourite gripe is advertising the 'equivalent' AER. So the rate you would get if the bonus actually lasted for 12 months – but doesn't - so you physically can't get that rate of interest. How confusing is that!? Providers are always looking at ways to lure you in so it's vital that you're always reading the small print. Or better still – let us do it for you. We love it. I know, we really should get out more.

subset: commoncrawl


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Calling All Life Coaches!
I just wanted to share something that is really working for me right now that may be of help to some of you (especially if you are a Life Coach or just someone looking to make some extra income with ease).
I have found over the years that the coaching income alone has not met my income expectations, so I have explored many routes to make additional streams of income (affiliate programs, CDs, journals, etc.) I have invested lots of money into my coach training programs, entrepreneurial seminars, informational products, etc. (over $20,000 at least) and still feel that I have not reaped the benefits of those investments.
Now, I am not sharing this to complain – quite the contrary – I believe that everything happens for a reason and each life path takes us to the next life path. My journey has taken me to a new business opportunity that I am very excited about (a minor investment of ONLY $1200) that has already given me a sense of financial security and matches perfectly my vision for the future (traveling across North America in my big luxury RV, writing my books, making passive income, helping others to become financially independent and continuing to be Lovin' Life like I always do and feeling a sense of freedom that is pure joy! )
I wanted to share this with you in the case that there may be some of you that can relate to my experience and are looking for an additional way to make more money that is legitimate and has a proven track record of success.
If the following descriptors match you, then please contact me to discuss this wonderful opportunity to significantly increase your business income:
1) You are someone who is ambitious, fun, enthusiastic and a people's person. You have lots of positive energy!
2) You are an extraordinary leader and coach!
3) You have a 100% desire to become financially independent and achieve your own level of financial freedom.
4) You are willing to invest $1200 into a business opportunity that has a proven track record of success.
5) You are someone who takes good care of themselves to the best of their ability; maintaining a healthy mind, body and soul.
6) You implement the Law of Attraction principles into your daily life and always try to come from an abundant mind-set.
7) You are REALLY excited to find out more about this opportunity J
If you see yourself in the above statements, please contact me at email@example.com or call me at 541-686-1326. I look forward to hearing from you.
You can also visit www.InvincibleMD.com and fill in the consultation form on the Home Page to request a complimentary consultation on how I can teach you how to create an additional stream of income and maybe even replace your current one with this wonderful business opportunity.
Imagine … Starting off the New Year with a new found income source that works! :)
Maria C. Lesetz
Certified Life Coach for Doctors & Motivational Speaker
P.S. Looking for a tool to help you REDUCE STRESS CLICK HERE
Warmest Regards,
Maria C. Lesetz
Lovin' Life
Certified Life Coach for Doctors
& Motivational Speaker


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With standardized conditions, urinary magnesium excretion increased by 40% after ingestion of the effervescent tablets, and by only 20% after intake of the capsules. The results indicate better bioavailability of magnesium from the effervescent tablets than from the capsules. This may be attributed to the fact that the tablets have to be dissolved in water before ingestion so that magnesium becomes ionized, which is an important precondition for absorption.Bottom line, when you purchase your next magnesium supplement consider its form as well as its content; and prefer tablets over caps.
Where BRO- and PRO-Science Unite in the Spirit of True Wisdom
Sunday, October 3, 2010
Magnesium Absorption: Better Use Tablets Than Caps
The Internet is full of bro-scientific advice on which form of supplemental minerals is the best for you. The form, i.e. tablet or capsule, of the supplement is yet hardly ever discussed. Researchers from Bonn (Germany) (Siener. 2010) have now found that magnesium from effervescent tablets is better absorbed than from capsules:


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7/6/1997 The End
(as told by the UGAnime mascot, Oni-chan)
The final day of the con was upon me. I found myself waking up early Sunday morning just so that I could experience and cram in all that I could before the usual post-con depression set in.
After a rushed breakfast, I checked
out the dealers' room one last time. There was still
so much that I had to buy, but not enough time or money to do
so. Oh well. There were always other cons with
other dealers' rooms. Maybe someday, I thought to
myself, someday I would be able to have it all. Nah! I
went for broke and blew almost all of my load on a bunch of manga
and a few more CDs. Life's short, so spend your cash
as fast as you can.
When I was walking back up to the main floor to check out the A.D. Vision panel, I saw the Hawaiian girl checking out this huuuuuuuge poster for sale next to the con T-shirts. It was glorious! It was a 32" X 48" hand drawn picture of every anime character (and mecha) ever made (in SD form), sitting on bleachers smiling and waving at the camera! I began to drool. I had to have it! It was only $15! I could name about 90% of the characters on it! It had to be mine!!!! But then the Hawaiian girl brought to my attention her problem.
"I would love to buy this," she said, "But I have no way to transport it home without creasing it."
The reality set in. There
did not seem to be any way to get this behemoth work of art home
without damaging it in the least. It was then when
I made my madcap scavenger hunt to find some sort of cardboard
poster carrier. No such luck. I had to
either give in and accept the fact that I would never own the
Mega Poster, or I could defy all logic, buy it, and do the impossible
by bringing it home in one piece without a crease or a fold. I
did the impossible.
I quickly dropped it off in my room and hurried to catch the end of the A.D. Vision panel. I'm glad that I did. The panel people were really cool and seemed to be answering the same questions over and over again for late comers (like me^_^). They said that "Yes", they would release all of the Evangelion TV episodes, and "Yes", they did have the rights to release the movies too. They just didn't know when they would release the movies. They went on to answer questions about the current status of other anime shows, such as The Vision of Escaflowne for the US market. They said that nobody had gotten that one yet, but he was sure that A.D. Vision would not even try for it. It was too expensive, and A.D. Vision couldn't do another long TV series. They were looking for more short term things like OAVs and Movies. It's probably for the best, though, as these guys have a habit of "dumbing down" the translations. Seriously! Check out a fansub of Eva and then watch an episode of the "officially released" Eva. The A.D. Vision one talks down to its audience (which is stupid, leave the "dumbed down" translation for the Dub, but keep the Sub up to expectations, guys).
I then caught the last half of Crusher Joe the Movie. A little dated, but still pretty cool. Me liked it^_^
After that, I thought that I would try something new and caught Catnapped (I don't remember what the real Japanese title was) from Pioneer. What a trip!! It was a really funny movie dressed up like a kiddie flick. Totally unexpected. Everyone in the theater was loving it. I just had to find a stuffed Papadoll! I really hope that Pioneer gets off their butts and releases this one soon, it ROCKED!
I soon left when it became apparent
that nobody was going to mock them in any way.....boooooooooring! So
then I got on the already long line for the Anime Expo Auction.
Who'd have thought that this would have been a big draw? At
four o'clock they let us in and we quickly took our seats. Many
things went up and everything sold (Amazing! Next year
I'll get a three year old to draw me a really crappy Usagi or
Hello Kitty. Trust me, they'll atleast go for $40. Easily). I
was in awe at how gullible the crowd was. The Rossman's
and Megu-chan's stuff would have easily broke $100 each. Unbelievable.
Immediately following was the S.P.J.A. Charity Auction, so everybody stayed for that. Later we heard that a whole lot of pissed off con-goers were forced to wait outside and just listen, because they refused to televise it in another room. Poor babies.
This was the cool auction. Some of the cool stuff that went up on the block were some autographed City Hunter cells and an autographed script donated by Akira Kamiya. These went pretty high. Some other stuff that got bought quickly were a brand new (never opened) Macross Valkyrie toy, some Shimogasa sketches, and some drawings by Yamashita. All of them were very expensive.
Then, it happened. The crowd went silent as the grand-daddies of the art world went up on the auction block. Yuuki-sensie's sketches made their appearance. The bidding began on the Deedlit drawing first. Slowly but surely it rose over $1,000!!! And still people were bidding on it! With only two bidders left, it reached $2,100 and that was too rich for one of them. The winner triumphantly marched to the front to claim her prize.
The entire audience was cheering! We were told that this was the most that anything had ever gone for at the S.P.J.A Auction! After a little bit we quieted down and they brought out the last piece of the evening: Yuuki's other drawing. The Wolf chick from X: the Movie quickly rose in price too, only it didn't slow down at $2,000!! It beat out Deedlit's price stopping at $2,500!!! Everybody, especially Nobuteru Yuuki, was in shock! Then the cheering began again. Unbelievable. A grand total of almost $15,000 had been raised for charity (ja right! I bet they pocketed some).
After the auction had ended, they kicked all of us out to set up for the Closing Ceremonies. I was a little mad at first, but I found that I was able to get in to the room again with no problem.
Of course the Closing was late to get started, but when it did, all of the guests of honor came out and said a few final remarks. They loved being there and wished that they could come back again some day, yadda yadda yadda. Then the AX97 Opening Animation was played again along with the winners from the video awards the night before. It was at that time that they presented the winning video contestants with their prizes. The girl from Canada who won with the Don't Talk Just Kiss song got a director's chair autographed by all of the Guests of Honor. She had no idea how she was going to get it home.
Then the modeling show winners were announced.
One of my faves, which only got a Runner Up Award, was a motion sensitive Ryo-ohki. Whenever anybody would move in front of it it would move its head and tail, and "meow"! It was so kawaii^_^
Finally, the President of S.P.J.A. (the Society for the Promotion of Japanese Animation) got up to the podium and told us how great this year's con was. He said that even though they only expected a few more attendants than last year (which was only around 2,200), close to 4,000 people came to AX 1997!!! No wonder it was so crowded. He went on to apologize for the lines and everything else while he went on to say that these were "In-between Years", meaning that AX is too big for hotels, but too small for a real convention hall. I'd love to see it in a convention hall! I hope that some day it makes it there.
Then the winners of the SPJA Industry
Awards Ballot were announced. I had forgotten that
I voted for it! Because it would be waaaaaaay too
long to tell you all of the choices, I'll just tell you the winners.
Talk about uneducated votes! I can't believe that Tenchi in Love won so many categories. It was OK, but not great! And it sure as hell wasn't half as good as Death and Rebirth! AAAAAAARRRRRRGGGGGHHHH!
After that, the check from last year's Charity Auction was donated by this years' Guests. It was big (close to 10 grand), just not as big as this years'.
Then, like all good things, AX 97 had to come to an end. The whole crew said their "Thank You's" and their "Goodbye's", and the Guests waved to everybody as they left the auditorium. Then it was down to business....The Gripe Session. It seemed as if they didn't want too many people to come, as they never anounced it, and not too many people showed up. But those who did sure had a lot on their so called minds.
I didn't have any complaints (other than the lines, which couldn't be helped). I just hung around for something to do. AXTV was finished with it's programing and everything was over, so I just sat back, stretched my wings, and watched the words fly.
Lots of morons complained about the lines and they were continuously told that this was the biggest hotel in LA, and that nothing could be done for the moment. Then questions like why the ceremonies couldn't be televised on AXTV, or why they basically only showed things that were already released or soon to be released in the US were brought up. The answers were lame (there seemed to be no real reason), and abrupt.
Amazingly enough (it did not seem like it at all), the Gripers kept things going for two whole hours! The con people had to stop it so that the hotel could put the Main Theatre back together. Those con-goers who cared (including this lil'Oni) applauded the people in charge as we wished them well for the next year at Anime Expo 1998.
I then went to sleep.


text:
The 22-storey Me Linh Point Tower, is invested and managed by Me Linh Point Ltd, a joint venture between Saigon Beer Alcohol and Beverage Corporation (Sabeco) and MLP Company Private Limited, which is wholly-owned by Frasers Centrepoint Limited (Singapore) - a major property developer in Singapore.
Located in the city centre, Me Linh Point Tower is the preferred business address in Ho Chi Minh City. The modern commercial and convenient building offers 18,000 sqm of office space, with panoramic views of the city and Saigon River.
|2 Ngo Duc Ke, District 1
|Frasers Centrepoint Ltd (Singapore)
|Property Management
|Completion date
|Total number of floors
|22 floors
|Total floor area
|18,000 sq m
|Typical net floor plate
|1,000 sq m
|3 basements
|Ceiling Height
|2.7 m
|Back-up power
|Total number of lifts
|5 passenger lifts and 2 service lifts
|Fire security
|International standard sprinklers, smoke detectors and fire alarm system
|Air conditioning
|Centralised (Daikin)


text:
2-4-6-8....Help Flourishes Celebrate!At 2PM, 4PM, 6PM and 8PM (Central Standard Time), Flourishes is going to be ushering in some fun-filled challenges and YOU could win some fun prizes! Are you ready for the 2PM Challenge?
HOW TO PLAY: This challenge is sweet as can be -- just use a focal image or sentiment that is SWEET! Just that simple! Use Flourishes stamps if you have them -- your entries will count twice. If you don't have Flourishes stamps, play along anyway, you could win some! If you upload to SCS, please use the keyword FLLCIS5A. You have until August 31st to enter and can enter as many times as you like! Some of our designers have helped us celebrate with a little sweetness!
Here's my card....
I chose to use my Strawberries set and used the "you're so sweet" sentiment from the set. The layout was Fall-to Layout #202 from the Clean and Simple Blog. The strawberries were stamped on Classic Ivory CS and then colored with Copics (Poppy Collection, Leaf Green Collection, Buttercup Collection, and C1).
If you need some more inspiration, be sure to hop on over and see...
- Simply create a card using a sweet sentiment or image!
- Entries need to be in by Friday, August 31 by 5 PM EST
- Those that use Flourishes stamps will be counted twice for their entry
- You must link your creation on this post using our inlinkz widget in order to qualify
- You must have a link to our challenge in your blog or gallery post
- Please DO NOT combine challenges.
- If you upload to SCS, please use the keyword FLLCIS5A
- We'll announce the winners Tuesday, September 4th at noon CST!


text:
Great balls of fire!
All photos by Sebastian Marin
Coat- Vintage, Blouse- Reconstructed Vintage (La Petite Marmoset), Pants- Forever21, Purse- Thrifted, Booties- Asos (here)
It's gotten to the point where every time I see a cool mural I will literally pull over to the side of the road to take pictures--- this one in Silver Spring looks like a scene from a dream!
Also, add "makes you look like a farm animal" to my ongoing list of criteria for purchasing vintage-- I didn't have to think twice about snatching up this bovine-inspired coat! Hope that the people moo-ing at me were appreciating the print and not commenting on my appearance...


text:
What role may a person play in the end of his or her own life? Is suicide wrong, always wrong, profoundly morally wrong? Or is it almost always wrong, but excusable in a few cases? Or is it sometimes morally permissible? Is it not intrinsically wrong at all though perhaps often imprudent? Is it sick? Is it a matter of mental illness?
Is it a private or a social act? Is it something the family, community, or society could ever expect of a person? Or is it solely a personal matter, perhaps a matter of right, based in individual liberties, or even a fundamental human right?
What role a person may play in the end of his or her own life is the central ethical issue in suicide around which a set of related issues also form: What should the role of other persons be towards those intending suicide? What should the role of medical and psychiatric clinicians be toward a patient who intends suicide since it is they who are said to be charged with protecting human life?
|the ethics of suicide
What intervention may the state make to interfere with a person's intention to end his or her own life? What responsibility do others—both immediate others such as family and friends or more distant or generalized others such as employers or institutions or society as a whole— bear when a person commits suicide?
This spectrum of views about the ethics of suicide— from the view that suicide is profoundly morally wrong to the view that it is a matter of basic human right, and from the view that it is primarily a private matter to the view that it is largely a social one—lies at the root of contemporary practical controversies over suicide. These practical controversies include at least three specific matters of high contemporary saliency:
- Physician-assisted suicide in terminal illness, the focus of intense debate in parts of the world with people who have long life expectancies and with high-tech medical systems, particularly the Netherlands, the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Switzerland, Belgium, Germany, and Australia;
- Hunger strikes and suicides of social protest, as in Turkey, Northern Ireland, and wartime Vietnam;
- Suicide bombings and related forms of self-destruction employed as military, guerilla, or terrorist tactics in ongoing political friction, including kamikaze attacks by wartime Japan; suicide missions by groups from Tamil separatists to al-Qaeda, and suicide bombings in the conflicts in Israel, Palestine, Iraq, and elsewhere.
Ethical issues have occupied the center of attention in the philosophical discussion of suicide, but conceptual and epistemological ones also play a role, as do a broad range of further issues raised within world historical, religious, and cultural traditions.
Conceptual and Linguistic Issues
The term suicide carries extremely negative connotations. However, there is little agreement on a formal definition. Some authors count all cases of voluntary, intentional self-killing as suicide; others include only cases in which the individual's primary intention is to end his or her life.
Still others recognize that much of what is usually termed suicide neither is wholly voluntary nor involves a genuine intention to die, such as suicides associated with depression or other mental illness.
|Conceptual and Linguistic Issues
Many writers exclude cases of self-inflicted death that, while voluntary and intentional, appear aimed to benefit others or to serve some purpose or principle—for instance, Socrates drinking the hemlock, Captain Lawrence Oates's (1890–1912) walking out into the Antarctic blizzard to allow his fellow explorers to continue without him, or the self-immolation of war protesters. These cases are usually not called suicide but self-sacrifice or martyrdom, terms with strongly positive connotations.
Attempts to differentiate these positive cases from negative ones often seem to reflect moral judgments, not genuine conceptual differences, and the linguistic framing of a practice plays a substantial role in social policies about suicide.
For example, supporters of physician-assisted suicide often use the term aid-in-dying as well as earlier euphemisms such as self-deliverance to avoid the negative connotations of suicide while opponents insist on the more negative term suicide. Islamic militants attacking civilians are called martyrs by their supporters and those who recruit them but suicide bombers by their targets and by the Western press.
Differences among languages also play a role in the conceptualization of suicide. While for example English, French, Spanish, and many other languages have just a single, primary word for suicide, German has four: Selbstmord (self-murder), Selbsttötung (self-killing), Suizid (the Latinate term), and Freitod (free death).
This latter German term has comparatively positive, even somewhat heroic, connotations, making it possible for Germanspeakers to think about the deliberate termination of their lives in a linguistic way not easily available to speakers of English or other languages that rely on a single, principal term with strongly negative connotations.
Linguistic issues also arise in attempts to refer to the performance of the act of suicide. The expression to "commit" suicide has been common, echoing the phrase to commit a crime; contemporary suicidologists typically use a variety of less-stigmatizing alternatives, including suicided, completed suicide, and died by suicide.
|the act of suicide
Some authors claim that it is not possible to reach a rigorous formal definition of suicide and prefer a criterial or operational approach to characterizing the term, noting its varied, shifting, and often inconsistent range of uses. Translation from one language to another may also prove difficult since there is sometimes little way to preserve comparatively positive connotations of some terms.
Cases of death from self-caused accident, self-neglect, chronic self-destructive behavior, victim-precipitated homicide, high-risk adventure, refusal of life-saving medical treatment, and self-administered euthanasia—all of which share many features with suicide but are not usually termed such—cause still further conceptual difficulty.
Nevertheless, conceptual and linguistic issues concerning suicide are of considerable practical importance in policy formation, affecting, for instance, coroners' practices in identifying causes of death, insurance disclaimers, psychiatric protocols, religious prohibitions, codes of medical ethics, laws prohibiting or permitting assistance in suicide, social stigma and respect, and public response to international and political issues such as suicide bombing and protest suicide.
Epistemological Issues
|Epistemological Issues
Closely tied to conceptual issues, the central epistemological issues raised by suicide involve the kinds of knowledge available to those who contemplate killing themselves.
The issue of what, if anything, can be known to occur after death has generally been regarded as a religious issue answerable only as a matter of faith; few philosophical writers have discussed it directly, despite its clear relation to theory of mind.
Some writers have argued that since we cannot have antecedent knowledge of what death involves, we cannot knowingly and voluntarily choose our own deaths; suicide is therefore always irrational.
|philosophical writers
Others, rejecting this argument, instead attempt to establish conditions for the rationality of suicide. Others consider whether death is always an evil for the person involved and whether death is appropriately conceptualized as the cessation of life.
Still other writers examine psychological and situational constraints on decision making concerning suicide. For instance, the depressed, suicidal individual is described as seeing only a narrowed range of possible future outcomes in the current dilemma, the victim of a kind of tunnel vision constricted by depression.
The possibility of preemptive suicide in the face of deteriorative mental conditions such as Alzheimer disease is characterized as a problem of having to use that very mind which may already be deteriorating to decide whether to bear deterioration or die to avoid it.
|normative skepticism
Still others suggest that suicide would be the most straightforward expression of normative skepticism, expressing the view that life has no meaning and nothing is of value.
Suicide in World Historical Traditions: the West
Much of the extremely diverse discussion of suicide in the history of Western thought has been directed to ethical issues. Plato acknowledges Athenian burial restrictions— the suicide was to be buried apart from other citizens with the hand severed and buried separately—and in the Phaedo, he also reports the Pythagorean view that suicide is categorically wrong.
But Plato also accepts suicide under various conditions, including shame, extreme distress, poverty, unavoidable misfortune, and external compulsions of the sort imposed on Socrates by the Athenian court: Socrates was condemned to drink the hemlock.
|Suicide in World Historical Traditions: the West
In the Republic and the Laws, respectively, Plato obliquely insists that the person suffering from chronic, incapacitating illness or uncontrollable criminal impulses ought to allow his life to end or cause it to do so. Aristotle held more generally that suicide is wrong, claiming in the Nichomachean Ethics that it is cowardly and treats the state unjustly.
The Greek and Roman Stoics, in contrast, recommended suicide as the responsible, appropriate act of the wise man, not to be undertaken in emotional distress but as an expression of principle, duty, or responsible control of the end of one's own life, as exemplified by Marcus Porcius Cato Uticencis (Cato the Younger) (95 BCE–46 BCE), Lucretia (sixth century BCE), and Lucius Annaeus Seneca.
Although Old Testament texts describe individual cases of suicide (Abimilech, Samson, Saul and his armorbearer, Ahithophel, and Zimri), nowhere do they express general disapproval of suicide.
However, the Greekinfluenced Jewish soldier and historian Flavius Josephus (37 CE–100 CE) rejects it as an option for his defeated army, and clear prohibitions of suicide appear in Judaism by the time of the Talmud during the first several centuries CE, often appealing to the Biblical text Genesis 9:5: "For your lifeblood I will demand satisfaction." New Testament does not specifically condemn suicide, and mentions only one case: the self-hanging of Judas Iscariot after the betrayal of Jesus.
There is evident disagreement among the early Church Fathers about the permissibility of suicide, especially in one specific circumstance: among others, Eusebius Pamphilus (c. 264–340), Ambrose (c. 340–397), and Jerome (c. 342–420) all considered whether a virgin may kill herself in order to avoid violation.
While Christian values clearly include patience, endurance, hope, and submission to the sovereignty of God, values that militate against suicide, they also stress willingness to sacrifice one's life, especially in martyrdom, and absence of the fear of death.
|Eusebius Pamphilus
Some early Christians (e.g., the Circumcellions, a subsect of the rigorist Donatists) apparently practiced suicide as an act of religious zeal. Suicide committed immediately after confession and absolution, they believed, permitted earlier entrance to heaven.
Rejecting such reasoning, St. Augustine asserted that suicide violates the commandment Thou shalt not kill and is a greater sin than any that could be avoided by suicide.
Whether he was simply clarifying earlier elements of Christian faith or articulating a new position remains a matter of contemporary dispute. In any case, it is clear that with this assertion, the Christian opposition to suicide became unanimous and absolute.
This view of suicide as morally and religiously wrong intensified during the Christian Middle Ages. St. Thomas Aquinas argued that suicide is contrary to the natural law of self-preservation, injures the community, and usurps God's judgment "over the passage from this life to a more blessed one" (Summa theologiae 2a 2ae q64 a5).
By the High Middle Ages the suicide of Judas, often viewed earlier as appropriate atonement for the betrayal of Jesus, was seen as a sin worse than the betrayal itself. Enlightenment writers began to question these views.
Thomas More incorporated euthanatic suicide in his Utopia.In Biathanatos, John Donne (c. 1572–1631) treated suicide as morally praiseworthy when done for the glory of God—as, he claimed, was the case for Christ; David Hume mocked the medieval arguments, justifying suicide on autonomist, consequentialist, and beneficent grounds.
|John Donne
Later thinkers such as Mme. de Staël (Anne Louise Germaine, née Necker, the baroness Staël-Holstein)— although she subsequently reversed her position—and Arthur Schopenhauer construed suicide as a matter of human right.
Throughout this period, other thinkers insisted that suicide was morally, legally, and religiously wrong: among them, John Wesley (1703–1791) said that suicide attempters should be hanged, and Sir William Blackstone (1723–1780) described suicide as an offense against both God and the king.
Immanuel Kant used the wrongness of suicide as a specimen of the moral conclusions the categorical imperative could demonstrate. In contrast, the Romantics tended to glorify suicide, and Friedrich Nietzsche insisted that "suicide is man's right and privilege."
|John Wesley
Although religious moralists have continued to assert that divine commandment categorically prohibits suicide, that suicide repudiates God's gift of life, that suicide ruptures covenantal relationships with other persons, and that suicide defeats the believer's obligation to endure suffering in the image of Christ, the volatile discussion of the moral issues in suicide among more secular thinkers ended fairly abruptly at the close of the nineteenth century.
This was due in part to Émile Durkheim's insistence that suicide is a function of social organization, and also to the views of psychological and psychiatric theorists, developing from Jean Esquirol (1772–1840) to Sigmund Freud, that suicide is a product of mental illness.
These new scientific views reinterpreted suicide as the product of involuntary conditions for which the individual could not be held morally responsible. The ethical issues, which presuppose choice, reemerged only in the later part of the twentieth century, stimulated primarily by discussions in bioethics of terminal illness and other dilemmas at the end of life.
Suicide and Martyrdom in Monotheist Religious Traditions
|Suicide and Martyrdom in Monotheist Religious Traditions
The major monotheisms, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, all repudiate suicide though in each, martyrdom is recognized and venerated. Judaism rejects suicide but venerates the suicides at Masada and accepts Kiddush Hashem, self-destruction to avoid spiritual defilement.
At least since the time of Augustine, Christianity has clearly rejected suicide but accepts and venerates martyrdom to avoid apostasy and to testify to one's faith. Islam also categorically prohibits suicide but at the same time defends and expects martyrdom to defend the faith. Yet whether the distinction between suicide and martyrdom falls in the same place for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam is not clear.
Judaism appears to accept self-killing to avoid defilement or apostasy; Christianity teaches submission to death where the faith is threatened but also celebrates the voluntary embrace of death in such circumstances; some Islamic fundamentalists support the political use of suicide bombing, viewing it as consistent with Islam and its teachings of jihad, or holy war to defend the faith, though others view this as a corruption of Islamic doctrine.
|Sir William Blackstone
Thus, while all three traditions revere those who die for the faith as martyrs and all three traditions formally repudiate suicide, at least by that name, the practices they accept may be quite different: Christians would not accept the mass suicide at Masada; Jews do not use the suicide-bombing techniques of their Islamic neighbors in Palestine; and Muslims do not extol the passive submission to death of the Christian martyrs, appealing on Quranic grounds to a more active self-sacrificial defense of the faith.
Other Religious and Cultural Views of Suicide
Many other world religions hold the view that suicide is prima facie wrong but that there are certain exceptions. Still others encourage or require suicide in specific circumstances.
Known as institutionalized suicide,such practices in the past have included the sati of a Hindu widow who was expected to immolate herself on her husband's funeral pyre; the seppuku or hara-kiri of traditional Japanese nobility out of loyalty to a leader or because of infractions of honor; and, in traditional cultures from South America to Africa to China, the apparently voluntary submission to sacrifice by a king's retainers at the time of his funeral in order to accompany him into the next world.
|Other Religious and Cultural Views of Suicide
Inuit, Native American, and some traditional Japanese cultures have practiced voluntary abandonment of the elderly, a practice closely related to suicide, in which the elderly are left to die, with their consent, on ice floes, on mountaintops, or beside trails.
In addition, some religious cultures have held comparatively positive views of suicide, at least in certain circumstances. The Vikings recognized violent death, including suicide, as guaranteeing entrance to Valhalla.
Some Pacific Island cultures regarded suicide as favorably as death in battle and preferable to death by other means. The Jains, and perhaps other groups within traditional Hinduism, honored deliberate self-starvation as the ultimate asceticism and also recognized religiously motivated suicide by throwing oneself off a cliff.
|Jean Esquirol
On Mangareva, members of a traditional Pacific Islands culture also practiced suicide by throwing themselves from a cliff, but in this culture not only was the practice largely restricted to women, but a special location on the cliff was reserved for noble women and a different location assigned to commoners.
The Maya held that a special place in heaven was reserved for those who killed themselves by hanging (though other methods of suicide were considered disgraceful), and, though the claim is disputed, may have recognized a goddess of suicide, Ixtab.
Many other preColumbian peoples in the Western hemisphere engaged in apparently voluntary or semi-voluntary ritual self-sacrifice, notably the Aztec practice of heart sacrifice, which was generally characterized at least at some historical periods by enhanced status and social approval.
|Sigmund Freud
The view that suicide is intrinsically and without exception wrong is associated most strongly with post-Augustinian Christianity of the medieval period, surviving into the present; this absolutist view is not by and large characteristic of other cultures.
Ethical Issues in Contemporary Application: Physician-assisted Suicide
The right to die movement emerging in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, counting among its achievements the passage of natural death, living will, and durable power of attorney statues that gave patients greater control in decision making about their end-of-life medical care, also raised the question of what role the dying person might play in shaping his or her own death and what role the physician might play in directly assisting the patient's dying.
These notions have often appealed to the concept of death with dignity, though the coherence of that notion is sometimes challenged. Public rhetoric quickly labeled the practice at issue physician-assisted suicide although less negatively freighted labels such as physician-aid-in-dying or physician-negotiated death have also been advanced as more appropriate.
|Ethical Issues in Contemporary Application: Physician-assisted Suicide
Proponents of legalizing the practice have argued in its favor on two principal grounds:
- autonomy, the right of a dying person to make his or her own choices about matters of deepest personal importance, including how to face dying, and
- the right of a person to avoid pain and suffering that cannot be adequately controlled.
- that fundamental moral principle prohibits killing, including self-killing, and
- that allowing even sympathetic cases of physician assistance in suicide would lead down the slippery slope, as overworked doctors, burdened or resentful family members, and callous institutions eager to save money would manipulate or force vulnerable patients into choices of suicide that were not really their own. Pressures would be particularly severe for patients with disabilities, even those who were not terminally ill, and the result would be widespread abuse.
|Arthur Schopenhauer
Compromise efforts, launched by bioethicists, physicians, legal theorists, and others on both sides, have focused primarily on the mercy argument from avoiding pain: It is claimed that improving pain control in terminal illness, including accelerated research, broader education of physicians, rejection of outdated concerns about addiction associated with opioid drugs, and recourse to terminal sedation or induced permanent unconsciousness if all else fails will serve to decrease requests for physician assistance in suicide. These compromise views also hold that assistance in suicide should remain, if available at all, a last resort in only the most recalcitrant cases.
However, although proponents of physician-assisted suicide welcome advances in pain control, many reject this sort of compromise arguing that it restricts the freedom of a person who is dying to face death in the way he or she wants.
They point out that other apparent compromises, such as the use of terminal sedation, are both repugnant and can be abused, since full, informed consent may not actually be sought.
|fully legal
Proponents also object on grounds of equity: It is deeply unfair, they insist, that patients dependent on life-support technology such as dialysis or a respirator can achieve a comparatively easy death at a time of their own choosing by having these supports discontinued—an action fully legal—but patients not dependent on life supports cannot die as they wish but must wait until the inevitable end when the disease finally kills them.
Many opponents of physician-assisted suicide reject attempts at compromise as well, sometimes arguing on religious grounds that suffering is an aspect of dying that ought to be accepted, sometimes holding that patients' wishes for self-determination ought not override the scruples of the medical profession, and sometimes objecting to any resort at all to assisted dying, even in very rare, difficult cases.
And some who accept the claim that death is sometimes a benefit to which a person can be morally entitled still object that placing this choice in the hands of patient would make him or her worse off by obliging him or her to choose at all, even if the choice is against.
|Thomas More
There is little resolution, however, of the competing claims of autonomist and mercy claims on the one hand and wrongness-of-killing and social-consequences views on the other.
Like the social arguments over abortion, disagreement continues both at the level of public ferment and at the deeper level of philosophical principle although the raising of the issue itself has meant far greater attention to issues about death and dying.
Ethical Issues in Contemporary Application: Suicide in Old Age
While comparatively rarely discussed in contemporary moral theory, the more difficult applied question concerns suicide in old age for reasons of old age alone though this is said to be an issue that will increasingly confront an aging society.
|Ethical Issues in Contemporary Application: Suicide in Old Age
In both historical argumentation and the very small amount of contemporary theorizing, the fundamental issues of suicide in old age concern two distinct sets of reasons for suicide, in practice often intertwined:
- Reasons of self-interest: suicide in order to avoid the sufferings, physical limitations, loss of social roles, and stigma of old age;
- Other-regarding reasons: suicide in order to avoid becoming a burden to others, including family members, caretakers, immediate social networks, or society as a whole.
|contemporary views
With respect to other-regarding reasons, including altruistic reasons, contemporary views consider it unconscionable—especially in the wealthy societies of the developed world—to regard elderly persons as burdens to families or to social units or to the society; nor is it thought ethically permissible to allow or encourage elderly persons to see themselves this way.
While the notion that the elderly are to be venerated is associated primarily with the traditional cultures of the Asia, especially China, Western societies also insist, though sometimes ineffectually in a youth-oriented culture, on respect for the aged and on enhancing long lives.
Simply put, the prevalent assumption in the Western cultures in the twenty-first century is that there can be no good reasons for suicide in old age even though suicide is frequent, especially in men in old age.
|Daniel Callahan
Daniel Callahan (1930–), although opposing suicide in old age, points to contemporary medicine's relentless drive for indefinite extension of life, arguing that the elderly should forgo heroic life-prolonging care and refocus their attention instead on turning matters over to the next generation.
Carlos Prado (1937–), exploring issues of declining competence, raises the issue of preemptive suicide in advanced age. Colorado Governor Richard Lamm's widely (mis)quoted remark that the elderly have a "duty to die," unleashed a small storm of academic and public discussion concerning suicide in terminal illness and in old age (Hardwig 1997).
Hints of real social friction can be seen over both self-interested and other-regarding and altruistic reasons for suicide in old age. Having fully legalized physicianassisted suicide and voluntary active euthanasia, the Netherlands is now considering whether to honor advance directives such as living wills in which a now-competent person requests physician-aided death after the onset of Alzheimer disease, a condition particularly frequent among the elderly.
|Carlos Prado
Double-exit suicides, often of married partners in advanced age even though only one is ill, startle public awareness. Disputes over generational equity in the face of rising health care costs question whether life prolongation means merely the extension of morbidity and whether health care ought to be preferentially allocated to the young rather than the old.
The issue of whether a person may ethically and reasonably refuse medical treatment in order to spare health care costs to preserve an inheritance for his or her family is already beginning to be discussed; the same issue also raises the question of suicide.
And issues about suicide in old age are posed by far-reaching changes in population structure, the graying of societies in Europe and the developed world: As birthrates fall and the proportion of retirees threatens to overwhelm the number of still-working younger people, could there be any obligation, as Euripides (c. 480–406 BCE) put it in The Suppliants nearly 2,500 years ago, go "hence, and die, and make way for the young"?
|population structure
No party now encourages suicide for the elderly, and, indeed, no party even raises the issue; but the issue of suicide as a response to self-interested avoidance of the conditions of old age and to other-interested questions about social burdens of old age cannot be very far away.
Drawing as they might on both Stoic and Christian roots in the West and on non-Western practices now coming to light, the ethical disputes over suicide in old age, independent of illness, are likely to intensify the currently vigorous debate over suicide in terminal illness: Can suicide in old age represent, as one author puts it, the last rational act of autonomous elders, or does it represent the final defeated event in a series of little tragedies of all kinds?
|vigorous debate


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Wishing you the best in your spining event :)ReplyDelete
That bag is fabulous and I am loving the button too.
I love the messenger bag much better than a shawl. I just signed up for Ravelry but don't know how to find the bag pattern (if there is one). Ziggy should be so proud of you.ReplyDelete
xo, Rosemary
Ravelry can be confusing at first. There is so much on there! I did find the bag pattern there. Here is the link: http://www.ravelry.com/patterns/library/132-20-rondo---crochet-bag-in-delight-and-lin
I made mine a little shorter than it suggested and I only used one thick strand of yarn where they used three. It was a fun and easy pattern!
Kim....thanks for your help. Yours is ever so much nicer. I like your smaller bag with a longer strap. I haven't had a crochet hook in my hand since 4th grade and I don't have a sheep :(ReplyDelete
xo, Rosemary
You did a GREAT JOB!!!ReplyDelete
- AnonymousJuly 2, 2012 at 2:13 PM
Love it!!!!!ReplyDelete
- AnonymousJuly 2, 2012 at 2:23 PM
Lovely work! I hope you will be showing it off at the Spinner's Lead event at the AGM in August! I will never tire of how fulfilling it is when you take a fleece from a sheep you love to an item you can use or wear.ReplyDelete
That's awesome! There are sheep to shawl contests at some of the fairs. I've always wanted to see them, but have only seen displays of the finished projects. The have teams with as many as six people. The time they can crank one out in is incredible.ReplyDelete
Good work, lady!
Beautiful finish!! Ziggy should be proud.ReplyDelete
Thanks ladies! You are so encouraging. I really did enjoy the whole process.ReplyDelete
I noticed you are following my blog, so I came by to see yours. Sheep to shawl, how exciting! It is one of my dreams to do this. We don't own sheep though... I have a wheel, love to knit, just need to dare to get a sheep-- one of these days.ReplyDelete
Your messager bag is very nice! :)
Fascinating to follow a craft from the very beginning to the end product. Great workReplyDelete
You and Ziggy should be very proud of that beautiful bag. Keep spinning.ReplyDelete
Very well done!ReplyDelete
I am in love with that bag! What a sense of accomplishment you must have. I am very impressed.ReplyDelete
Mrs. Kim,ReplyDelete
I'm a homeschooler and new blogger. I fnd your work amazing! God bless.


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Copyright © All rights reserved. Web Design and Hosting
Make sure you keep a copy of all complaints in a safe place.
To file a complaint against a judge, call or write to the following.
Judicial Conduct Commission
P.O. Box 21868
Lexington, KY 40522
Phone: 859-233-4128
To file a complaint against an attorney, call or write to the following.
Angela Hood, Intake Paralegal
Kentucky Bar association
515 West Main Street
Frankfort, KY 40601
Phone: 502-564-3795 ext. 261
email: firstname.lastname@example.com
3. If you have convincing evidence of bias by a Judge, tapes, statements with witnesses from whom you can get sworn affidavits, etc. send them with a cover letter to.
Western District of Kentucky (W/KY)
U.S. Marshal: Ronald R. McCubbin
U.S. Courthouse
601 W Broadway - Room 162
Louisville, KY 40202 Phone 502-588-8000
If you have convincing evidence of bias by a State Agency, tapes, statements with witnesses from whom you can get sworn affidavits, etc. send them with a cover letter to.
Office of the Attorney General
The Capitol, Suite 118
700 Capitol Avenue
Frankfort, KY 40601-3449
To file a complaint on Department of Children and Family Services:
Dr. Eugene Foster
Undersecretary for Children and Family Services
275 East Main Street
Frankfort, KY 40621
Michael J. Robinson
Cabinet for Health and Families Services
275 East Main Street
Frankfort, KY 40621
Judicial Misconduct:
The following are some types of Judicial Misconduct that may lead to discipline: Improper Influence
Allowing family, social, or political relationships to influence judicial decision making. Conflict of interest. Giving or receiving gifts, bribes, loans, or favors. Improper Courtroom Decorum Improper conduct while on the bench, such as sleeping or drunkenness. Expressions of bias based on race, gender, ethnicity, etc. Rude, abusive, and otherwise improper treatment of parties, counsel, witnesses, jurors, court staff, and others. Other Improper or Illegal Activities Including Off-Bench Conduct Failing or refusing to dispose promptly of judicial business. Abusing the contempt power. Interfering with the attorney-client relationship.Communicating improperly with only one-side to a proceeding. Commenting on or interfering with a pending or impending case. Engaging in improper political campaign activities. Misappropriating or misusing public property, funds, or resources. Violating rules relating to court administration. Obstruction of justice, perjury, or filing a false document. Ticket fixing. Criminal Conduct.
The West's rules are now available online on the kycourts website. http://www.kycourts.net/Appeals/COA_Opinions.shtm
The following complaint was filed against Family Court Judge Cynthia Sanderson on November 19, 2005 with the persons and agencies listed at the end of this document.
Fathers Asking To Have Equal Rights
November 19, 2005
To: Whom it may concern
Re: Judicial misconduct in Western Kentucky
The following are complaints against Family Court Judge Cynthia Sanderson and her inner circle of lawyers in McCracken County Kentucky.
1. Judge Sanderson is identifying FATHERS members in her court before degrading them, and ruling harshly against them. This type of political discrimination is prohibited.
2. Local lawyers are telling FATHERS members that the reason they lost in front of Judge Sanderson is because of their involvement in the FATHERS group. This type of political discrimination is prohibited
3. Judge Sanderson has intimidated members of FATHERS board via email. This is a misuse of the judge's power.
4. Court video tapes of Judge Sanderson are being altered. One of our member's, (involved in complaint number one), had his video tape altered. Judge Sanderson became so angry she broke a pencil after the mother's lawyer showed the judge a copy of a court order signed by Judge Sanderson on the FATHERS web site. This incident was not on the court video given to this FATHERS member by the clerk. Altering court videos is strictly prohibited.
5. One FATHERS member's lawyer told her that she would not remind Judge Sanderson of a statement that the Judge made at one of our meetings in regard to awarding parenting time to the non-custodial parent in place of day care watching the child because "I want to continue practicing law in western Kentucky". Judge Sanderson has intimidated local lawyers to the point they can no longer fairly represent their client.
6. The local newspaper, The Paducah Sun, refuses to run FATHERS meeting announcements. FATHERS is a non-profit support group for non-custodial parents. FATHERS vice-president was told by the paper this was because of pressure from local attorneys. This is just one example of inappropriate out of court behavior.
7. Judge Sanderson has written visitation guidelines and then enforced them as if they were KRS. Judges are forbidden from writing and enacting law.
8. Judge Sanderson refused to postpone a hearing when one of FATHERS members lawyer did not appear at the hearing. This particular member is struggling financially. Socioeconomic discrimination is routine in Judge Sanderson's court.
9. Judge Sanderson has stated publicly that her court does not recognize the mental and emotional form of child abuse known as PAS, parental alienation syndrome. It is inconceivable that a family court judge overlooks any form of child abuse. (This statement was made at one of FATHERS meetings Judge Sanderson attended in front of fifty plus witnesses.)
10. Judge Sanderson is verbally abusive to non-custodial parents in her court, telling them such things as, "they are a fool to be in her court without a lawyer". This type of behavior on the bench is forbidden by the judicial code of conduct.
11. It appears Judge Sanderson has hired a former public relations representative of the City of Paducah and put her on the state payroll in order to bolster Judge Sanderson's public standing and promote the judge's pet projects. This is an inappropriate use of state funds.
12. In many cases it is clear that Judge Sanderson has already decided the outcome of the hearing before it ever starts by the biased fashion in which she admits or discredits evidence and witnesses. Dee Gordy's hearing is a good example. (see www.kyfathers.org)
Numerous complaints and appeals have been filed with the Judicial Conduct Commission, and the Court of Appeals against Judge Sanderson. We believe that the lack of action from these two judicial bodies is in part due to Judge Sanderson's close personal and political ties with members involved in both, and the "You scratch my back, I'll scratch yours" attitude that has become such a part of a system that relies on "lawyers overseeing the judicial system of lawyers".
We are asking for an investigation into the current lack of action by the Judicial Conduct Commission, and the Court of Appeals, as well as effective alternatives to a system that is just plain broken.
Mike East
Vice-President, FATHERS
1673 Hamburg Rd.
Kevil, KY 42053
c.c. Governor Ernie Fletcher, First Lady Glenna Fletcher, Lt. Governor Stephen Pence, Office of the Attorney General, Peter Baniak Lexington Herald Leader, Jim Malone Louisville Courier Journal, Michael Powell Kentucky Publishing Inc., Justice William Graves, State Representative Steven Rudy, Mayor Bill Paxton City of Paducah, Amy Watson News Channel 6, U.S. Marshal Ronald R. McCubbin, Judicial Conduct Commission, Office of the Auditor of Public Accounts Commonwealth of Kentucky, Kentucky General Assembly
Enclosed: Copies of the first two FATHERS meeting announcements the Paducah Sun newspaper refused to run.


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Quote:ive had a light on them 24hrs for three days now and no pins!
Quote:i havent dunked the cakes only cold shocked them
Quote:recently i notcied those nast black pins(the ones trha like carbohydrates) gorwing on he bottom of the fully colonized cakes. still i want to fruit them, at least for spores
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Will Gluck ("Easy A," "Friends with Benefits") is in negotiations to direct a cinematic re-imagining of the classic Broadway musical "Annie" at Sony Pictures and Overbrook Entertainment.
Gluck will revise the film's screenplay following previous drafts from Emma Thompson and Aline Brosh McKenna which were based on Thomas Meehan's musical stage play.
Will Smith, Shawn "Jay-Z" Carter, James Lassiter, Jada Pinkett Smith, Jay Brown and Tyran Smith will produce. Smith's daughter Willow was originally attached to the title role, but that's no longer the case as she has grown too old for the part.
The story is set in contemporary times and aims to begin filming in the late Fall for a 2014 release.
Source: THR


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Think continuous, think small.
Continuous bioprocessing allows the constant and uninterrupted processing of materials in parallel production lines.
The explosive growth in mAb-based biologics, the globalization of biomanufacturing, and the economic pressures to reduce capital investment, cost of development and cost of goods all point to changes in how biopharmaceutical manufacturing plants are designed, built and operated. The benefits of continuous processing when applied to biologics production can be paradigm-changing.
When converting to continuous processing, the volumetric productivity of the process increases while the size and volume of equipment decreases. A facility running a continuous process will be significantly smaller than a large-scale batch facility, thus reducing capital expenses.
Benefits of continuous processing include:
- Reduced capital cost and time
- Reduced equipment size
- Deployment of single-use technology
- Streamlined process flow
- Low cycle times
- Steady state operation
- Consistent product quality
- Increased productivity
Perfusion, or upstream continuous processing, has been used since the 1980s. High cell density perfusion, or XCell™ ATF perfusion, delivers higher cell concentration and cell viability.
N-1 perfusion
N-1 perfusion refers to the intensification of cell growth in the step prior to the production bioreactor (N). This process intensification is done using perfusion in the N-1 bioreactor for high cell density seeding of the production bioreactor (N), or removal of the N-1 bioreactor if the N-2 bioreactor can provide enough cells for the production bioreactor (N).
High density (HD) cell banking
High density (HD) cell banking is a novel method for seed train optimization using perfusion to intensify cell density and reduce the number of early-stage expansion steps.
Multi-column chromatography
A continuous capture chromatography process is the next big challenge for modern bioproduction. Multi-column chromatography operates in continuous mode, balancing downstream productivity with upstream titers.
Integrated upstream and downstream continuous bioprocesses have the potential to revolutionize bioprocessing, leading to significant improvements in process efficiencies, manufacturing footprint, productivity and cost of goods.
The opinions expressed in this book are those of the authors and not of Repligen Corporation.
- Introduction to Continuous Manufacturing:Technology Landscape and Trends
Eric S. Langer & Ronald A. Rader, BioPlan Associates
- A Brief History of Perfusion Biomanufacturing
Jerry Shevitz and John Bonham-Carter
- Bioreactor Configuration and Operation
Christel Fenge, Jörg Weyand, Gerhard Greller, Thorsten Adams,
Sartorius Stedim Biotech
- How to Develop a Perfusion Process
Véronique Chotteau, Royal Technical University, KTH
- Case Study: Optimized Perfusion
Shaun Eckerle, Gallus BioPharmaceuticals
- Process Intensification Approaches for Cost Sensitive Protein Applications
Willem Adriaan de Jongh, Expres2ion Biotechnologies
- Impact of Single-use Technology on Continuous Bioprocessing
William G. Whitford, Thermo Fisher Scientific
- Continuous Multicolumn Chromatography Processes
Marc Bisschops, Tarpon Biosystems
- Continuous Processes: Economic Evaluation
Andrew Sinclair & Andrew Brown, BioPharm Services
- Vision: Integrating Upstream and Downstream in a Fully Continuous Facility
Tim Johnson, Genzyme
Selected Third Party references
Special Report on Continuous Bioprocessing: Upstream, Downstream, Ready for Prime Time?
WuXi Biologics Expands Perfusion Cell Culture Capabilities using ATF 10 System
Continuous Manufacturing: A Changing Processing Paradigm
Developing an Integrated Continuous Bioprocessing Platform: A Discussion with Genzyme's Konstantin Konstantinov
A Novel Seed-Train Process: Using High Density Cell Banking, a Disposable Bioreactor, and Perfusion Technologies
A Brief History of Perfusion Biomanufacturing: How High-Concentration Cultures Will Characterize the Factory of the Future


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It is quite common to hear sweeping comparisons of townscapes or archaeological finds to Rome or Pompeii. Most are probably familiar with the Athens of the North – Jyväskylä due to its University architecture designed by Alvar Aalto and placed on a hill overlooking the town – and the Venice of the North – St Petersburg or Stockholm depending on your preference of watery surroundings. The latest Pompeii comparison is in Öland. An island less known for its volcanoes.
However, this time it is not only the Nordic newspapers telling me that, but also the constantly surprising archaeologically active Daily Mail. On the closer inspection this find is hugely interesting and important – not the least because it reminds us about the existence of ancient warfare and the violent end that waited many. As the newspaper tells us has been a site of large massacre that encountered men, women and children c. 1300 years ago. So far five bodies have been uncovered and they had clearly been slaughtered in their house. The house was inside a fort that was never used again. As Daily Mail quotes Helene Wilhelmson, an archaeologist from Lund University:"It's like Pompeii: Something terrible happened, and everything just stopped."
This is part of the reason for the comparison, but not the only one. As the Populär Historia tells us the site in the Rosendal Iron Age village has been studied and excavated for four years. What has stricken the archaeologists is the variety of the remains and the unusually good preservation of wood material. There are also well-preserved stone foundations. This unusually good preservation is another reason the Pompeii comparison.
This find that Populär Historia calls 'agrarian Pompeii' is however more like some hill fort sites elsewhere in Europe that show signs of the 'last battle'. The nine skeletons discovered in a section of ditch around the fort at Fin Cop in the Peak District tell of the similar situation as that in Sweden, even if the bodies were not inside the houses. And these were not men, but women, children and teenagers as the Daily Mail. At Ham Hill the evidence suggests that hundreds of dead bodies were stripped of flesh and chopped up as The Independent told us. Thus, even if the Swedish Migration Period site is a few hundred years younger than the British Iron Age forts that fought the Romans, they still are the better, if not less glamorous and internationally recognisable than Pompeii.


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the forthcoming publication of the book
India : State and Society
Selected papers of the First and Second All India Conferences on "Marxian Approach to Research in Social Sciences" organised by the Indian School of Social Sciences
to be published by
36A Anna Road Madras-2
Published and Edited by Dr K Mathew Kurian on behalf of the Indian School of Social Sciences from 168 South Avenue, New Delhi and printed by him at Printsman, 18A/11, Vivekanand Marg, Kobtak Road, New Delhi-5.


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One of the characters in my WIP is fascinated by insects, and knows all manner of trivia about them. I was telling some of this trivia to my dad today, and he pressed Snail, by Peter Williams into my hand. And I'm sure you don't think a book about snails could ever be interesting, but let me share the first paragraph with you, and we'll see if you change your mind.
So attached was the author Patricia Highsmith to snails that they became her constant travelling companions. Secreted in a large handbag or, in the case of travel abroad, carefully positioned under each breast, they provided her with comfort and companionship in what she perceived to be a hostile world.
It just gets better from there.


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text:
Fans of Con Funk Shun have been waiting for the group's new album, "The Sound of Grown Men," but several years have passed since it was announced and a full record has yet to be released.
In the meantime, they will have to be satisfied with the group's shimmering live outings and previously recorded material, which had a solid presence on the R&B charts from 1977 to 1986. Their engagement Saturday at Cache Creek finds them not too far from their Vallejo origins. (8 p.m.; $25, $35; cachecreek.com)
Also this week
The Bowers Mansion, located between Reno and Carson City, Nev., has reopened, bringing back one of the great stories of the old Comstock.
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It was built in 1863 by Eilley and Lemuel "Sandy" Bowers. Eilley Orrum Bowers, a native of Scotland and part of the Mormon migration to Nevada, had run a boarding house in Gold Hill. When some of the miner tenants found themselves unable to pay her, they left her parts of their mining claims, which, when later combined with that of her third husband, Sandy, made her a fortune.
Back then, ostentation reigned, especially among the Comstock giants. Eschewing San Francisco or other major California cities, the Bowerses chose to build their Georgian revival/Italianate architectural masterpiece on the eastern slopes of the Sierra in Washoe Valley. Their designer was architect and former California Gov. J. Neeley Johnson.
Sandy Bowers died in 1868, and for a time Eilley took advantage of the new railway link between Reno and Carson City and ran the mansion as the place to go for outings and parties. Eventually, she sold the stone mansion to the founder of Reno, Myron C. Lake.
Eilley spent some of her later years being the Famous Washoe Seeress, telling fortunes in both Nevada and California. She was to become destitute and a ward of the state. She passed away in an Oakland care home in 1903. Her remains were, after some fundraising, moved back to the mansion where they are buried near Sandy's and daughter Persia's.
After many alterations and then a return to its original look, the mansion is now in the hands of the Washoe County Parks Department. Over the past several years, it has undergone refurbishing. It opens Sunday for the summer season. (4005 Old Highway 395; Saturday and Sunday tours through Sept. 28; $8 adults, $5 children and seniors; 775-849-0201)


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Access practice tools, as well as industry leading news, customizable alerts, dockets, and primary content, including a comprehensive collection of case law, dockets, and regulations. Leverage...
By Tony Dutra
Oct. 5 — The Supreme Court Oct. 5 asked the Department of Justice to weigh in on whether a company that splits activities between U.S. and overseas operations can "actively induce" itself to infringe a patent (Life Techs. Corp. v. Promega Corp., U.S., No. 14-1538, gov't views sought 10/5/15).
In its petition, Life Technologies Corp. asked the court to overturn a decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit that LifeTech was liable for inducement to infringe Promega Corp.'s patents overseas, even though it shippedonly one of five components of a DNA identification kit for assembly by its U.K. subsidiary.
Separately, on the opening day of its 2016-2017 term, the court denied questions on intellectual property law presented in 13 other petitions appealing state and federal court decisions.
Another two petitions, both related to the same case, were not included in the court's orders and may still have a chance of being heard. The petitions—now scheduled for the court's Oct. 9 conference—ask the court to revise standards ondetermining willful patent infringement, a judgment that would allow the district court to "enhance" damages by up to a three-fold penalty. Halo Elecs., Inc. v. Pulse Elecs., Inc., No. 14-1513; Stryker Corp. v. Zimmer, No. 14-1520 (124 PTD, 6/29/15) (90 PTCJ 2552, 7/10/15).
In the case slated for government review, the Federal Circuit held, in a 2-1 decision, that inducement to infringe a patent overseas does not require that the foreign entity be "another" organization. Promega Corp. v. Life Techs. Corp., 773 F.3d 1338, 113 U.S.P.Q.2d 1181 (Fed. Cir. 2014) (89 PTCJ 447, 12/19/14)(241 PTD, 12/16/14)(241 PTD 12/16/14).
Other interested parties signalled that the question goes well beyond life science industry issues. The Internet Association filed an amicus brief in support of LifeTech at the Federal Circuit level, asking that court to hear the case en banc. Agilent Technologies Inc., in the semiconductor and optical component field, gave more credence to the breadth of the concern with an amicus brief recommending high court review.
Nine of the denied petitions for writ of certiorari were focused on patent issues, mostly challenging Federal Circuit decisions and standards.
One petition the Supreme Court rejected was conditional on the Halo v. Pulse petition noted above (Pulse Elecs., Inc. v. Halo Elecs., Inc., U.S., No. 15-121, review denied 10/5/15). The alleged willful infringer, Pulse Electronics Inc., presented reasons why it should win even if the court granted Halo Electronics Inc.'s petition.
The remaining petitions covered a range of patent issues.
• Inventorship. A patent attorney's duties and responsibilities in a question of inventorship was the subject of Walter J. Beriont's petition (Beriont v. GTE Labs., Inc, U.S., No. 14-1517, review denied 10/5/15) (90 PTCJ 2632, 7/17/15) (134 PTD, 7/14/15).
• Patent eligibility. The court rejected a petition asking for answers and further guidance after its Alice v. CLS Bank decision on patentable subject matter (Content Extraction & Transmission LLC v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., U.S., No. 14-1473, review denied 10/5/15) (90 PTCJ 2469, 6/26/15)(119 PTD, 6/22/15).
• Indefiniteness. Interval Licensing LLC's petition argued that "the Federal Circuit in this case implemented a far more sweeping change" than the Supreme Court contemplated a year ago in Nautilus v. Biosig (Interval Licensing LLC v. AOL Inc., U.S., No. 14-1362, review denied 10/5/15 (90 PTCJ 2093, 5/22/15)(97 PTD, 5/20/15).
• Obviousness. I/P Engine Inc.'s petition challenged the Federal Circuit's "common sense"-based invalidity determinations—patent obviousness because common sense would have led a skilled practitioner in the art at the time of the inventionto make the patented development (I/P Engine, Inc. v. AOL Inc., U.S., No. 14-1358, review denied 10/5/15) (90 PTCJ 2092, 5/22/15)(96 PTD, 5/19/15).
• Infringement instructions to a jury. A petition questioned whether personal liability may be imposed upon corporate officers for patent infringement (Langton v. Briese Lichttechnik Vertriebs GmbH, U.S., No. 14-1416, review denied 10/5/15) (90 PTCJ 2319, 6/12/15)(109 PTD, 6/8/15).
• Claim construction. MobileMedia Ideas LLC's petition asked the court to force retrial when the Federal Circuit changes a claim construction (MobileMedia Ideas LLC v. Apple Inc., U.S., No. 15-206, review denied 10/5/15) (90 PTCJ 3029, 8/28/15) (162 PTD, 8/21/15).
• Validity as a question of law. NetAirus Technologies LLC's petition asked whether a jury should ever decide patent validity (NetAirus Techs., LLC v. Apple, Inc., U.S., No. 14-1353, review denied 10/5/15) (96 PTD, 5/19/15) (90 PTCJ 2094, 5/22/15).
• Inventorship and standing. The continuing fight over patent rights to the 40-year-old invention of Gore-Tex was back before the court in W. L. Gore's petition (W.L. Gore & Assocs., Inc. v. Bard Peripheral Vascular, Inc., U.S., No. 15-41, reviewdenied 10/5/15) (90 PTCJ 2637, 7/17/15) (135 PTD, 7/15/15).
One trademark and three copyright-related petitions were also on the Oct. 5 denial list.
• Use in commerce. The only trademark-related petition questioned the Lanham Act's "use in commerce" as applied to an e-commerce website (Couture v. Playdom, Inc., U.S., No. 14-1428, review denied 10/5/15). (111 PTD, 6/10/15) (90 PTCJ 2328, 6/12/15).
• Co-creator's share of infringement proceeds. One petition involved the issue of splitting the damages award related to infringement of the 1993 Tag Team hit "Whoomp! (There It Is)" (DM Records, Inc. v. Isbell, U.S., No. 14-1320, reviewdenied 10/5/15). (90 PTCJ 2031, 5/15/15) (93 PTD, 5/14/15).
• Attorneys' fee shifting. The Ninth Circuit held that California state law that permitted contractual fee shifting was not preempted by the Copyright Act, questioned by Editions Ltd. West Inc.'s petition (Editions Ltd. West, Inc. v. Ryan, U.S., No. 15-201, review denied 10/5/15). (90 PTCJ 3040, 8/28/15) (162 PTD, 8/21/15).
• Copyright vs. industrial design. Home Legend LLC's petition challenged whether Mannington Mills Inc. can get copyright protection for a design that makes laminated flooring look like time-worn wooden planks (Home Legend, LLC v. Mannington Mills, Inc., U.S., No. 15-117, review denied 10/5/15). (90 PTCJ 2773, 7/31/15) (146 PTD, 7/30/15).
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A student was caught at an airport with cash in her underwear to fund jihadists fighting in Syria, a court heard.
Nawal Msaad had been persuaded by friend Amal El-Wahabi to carry €20,000 (£16,000) on a flight from Heathrow to Turkey, it was claimed.
The money was said to have been taken at the request of El-Wahabi's husband, Aine Davis, who had joined up with fighters in Syria.
'The money had been raised in this country and had been destined to support the jihadist cause, which Davis was now pursuing with like-minded supporters,' said Mark Dennis QC for the prosecution.
Davis converted to Islam six or seven years ago, jurors were told. The 30-year-old, born in London with her roots in The Gambia, kept in regular contact with his wife, with whom he has two sons.
Phone calls and Whats- App messages were exchanged as the couple arranged for the money to be smuggled by Msaad, 27, who had been a friend of El-Wahabi, also 27, for some years.
The 'trusted courier' was offered €1,000 (£800) in return for taking the notes, Mr Dennis said.
Msaad, from Holloway, north London, set off for the British Airways flight to Istanbul on January 16 this year but was stopped near the departure gate by police, who asked why she was going to Turkey.
She said it was for a 'short break' and mentioned she was buying gold for her mother, adding she had €20,000 'about me'.
Msaad, a London Metropolitan University student at the time, was then taken to a private room, where she produced the money.
Msaad and El-Wahabi, who were born in London, both deny charges of funding terrorism.
Their trial at the Old Bailey continues.


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php font project
Budget $30-100 USD
I have a web application that require users to be able to choose from a list of fonts to create a certificate. However, if the font is not already installed on the users computer it will not display the way it should.
I need someone who has experience in handling this type of problem and can fix it right away
10 freelancere byder i gennemsnit $83 på dette job
if u use php i can make you all font that you want avaible
I would appreciate your business and a opportunity to work on your project. Will complete the project to your satisfaction. I am very good at finding problems within problems and fixing them. Thank you for your time.
Hello. I have knowledge to repair your system. Regards, Eristhon.
We have gone through your detailed description and we clearly understood your requirements. We have already developed many projects which are having the same functionalities as similar as mentioned in your description. Flere


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The best side dishes for a barbecue are the kinds you make ahead -- or prepare right at the grill.
Salads top the list of popular barbecue sides. Make them the night before and you're ahead of the game. Many summer salads taste better after sitting overnight in the refrigerator. Of course, if you're having green salad, remember to wait until just before serving to add the dressing and croutons.
Potato Salad Recipes
Potato salads are the ultimate picnic and barbeque side dish.
- American Potato Salad
- German Potato Salad
- Find more Potato Salad Recipes -- from creamy and red potato salads to no-dairy and vinegar-based German-styles.
How to Make Restaurant-Style Potato Salad
See how to make a restaurant-worthy potato salad. It's creamy with a nice mustard and vinegar tang.
Get the recipe for Restaurant-Style Potato Salad.
Pasta Salad Side Dishes
Here's another classic. Like potato salads, easy macaroni salads are simple to make in advance -- and taste even better after a day or two in the fridge.
- Classic Macaroni Salad
- Penne, Tomato, and Mozzarella Salad
- Find more Pasta Salad Recipes -- including seafood and chicken pasta salads.
Summer Slaws
Delicious classic restaurant-style coleslaw is only one of many types of slaw to choose from.
- Restaurant-Style Coleslaw I
- Cilantro-Lime Coleslaw
- Check out our collection of Coleslaw Recipes -- including broccoli slaws, apple and ramen coleslaw, mayo and no-mayo slaws, Asian-style slaws, and more.
Bean Salads
- Black Bean and Corn Salad II
- Marinated Green Beans with Olives, Tomatoes, and Feta
- Find your favorite Bean Salad Recipes -- including bean and corn salads, lentil and black bean salads, and more.
Grain Salads
- Barley Salad With Almonds And Apricots
- Cherry Farro Salad with Sweet Vinaigrette
- Check our collection of Grain Salad Recipes -- featuring quinoa salads, rice salads, and tabbouleh salads.
Cold Veggie Salads
- Fresh Broccoli Salad
- Persian-Style Tomato Avocado Salad
- Find more Vegetable Salad Recipes -- including tomato salads, corn, carrot, and cucumber salads, and much more.
Find more Summer Salad Recipes.
Grilled Sides
Then there are side dishes you prepare right on the grill, or nestled into the coals. Most vegetables and fruits, from bell peppers and corn to bananas and cantaloupe, are delicious when seasoned and cooked directly on the grill -- or dotted with butter and herbs and wrapped in foil pouches to cook in the hot embers. Another favorite? You can't beat flatbread fresh off the grill.
- Knife and Fork Grilled Caesar Salad
- Grilled Tequila-Cilantro Pineapple
- Grilled Zucchini
- Summer Grilled Cabbage
- Grilled Side Dish Recipes -- including grilled fruit and other summer sides
Breads and Cornbreads
Bread is another great barbecue side dish to make ahead of time. There's nothing better than mopping up extra sauce and juice with some freshly baked cornbread or savory herb bread. Next time somebody says, "What can I bring?" ask them to bring their favorite salad or bread.


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Hello Fashion Lovers :D
I'm back!! How have you been doing?
So today is Stella McCartney's Fall Winter collection for 11-12.
In this collection you can see beautiful classic and sexy feminine cuts in dresses, and some masculine in the complete suits with blazers that had karge shoulders.
You can see gorgeous use of: silks, velvets, sheers and geometrical prints, in the clothing.
The color scheme was very dark, with some gorgeous gold. In almost every F/W collections it was dark colors and metalics, and this one uses that scheme to. You can see gorgeous pieces with a, vivid and vibrant, gold color.
And, once again, you can see a lot of polka-dots. Polka-dots are, absolutely, a must-have for the next season.
In the make-up section, you can see a simple and clean look with, a soft blush, soft pink lips, soft bronzy eyeshadow and a gorgeous black cat eye line.
I'll love to read all your thoughts about this collection. ;)
And tomorrow I'll be talking about Thierry Mugler's F/W collection for 11-12, so don't miss <3


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- Officially Licensed
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Entertainment Earth Exclusive Mustache Minion! Everybody who sees them falls in love with Gru's adorable Minions from the Despicable Me 2 movie. You just can't help it! And here as a totally unique, stylized, 3 3/4-inch tall vinyl figure of one of the most popular Minions of all – Carl! You've never seen Carl with a mustache before, but you do now in this lovable and highly collectible Mustache Carl Pop! Vinyl Figure! Minions can move quickly, so you'd better order yours right now! The Despicable Me 2 Mustache Carl Pop! Vinyl Figure – Entertainment Earth Exclusive features the little yellow cyclops wearing his overalls, rendered in Pop! Vinyl figure format with a 'satche you won't find anywhere else! (We cannot confirm or deny that he moved to Brooklyn after the events of the second film and is now raising artisanal free-range chickens. You'll have to check that out for yourself.) Ages 5 and up.
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Officially licensed Minions costume
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Small; 3-4 years; Height (approx.) 117cm; Waist (approx.) 65cm
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Rubie's Is The World's Largest Designer, Manufacturer Of Fancy Dress Costumes And Accessories. Rubies Latest Products, Designs And Themed Character Costumes Give Delight To Customers Year After Year. Taller Than Many-a Minion, Kevin Is Easily Recognised, Thanks To His Twin Eyes And His Sprout Haircut. If, Like Him, You Like Your Golf, Being Kevin Will Suit You To A Tee. So Slip On Those Dungarees And Find Yourself A New, Evil Boss!


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AUSTRALIA'S internationally unique rural research and development corporation (RDC) model has been operational largely in its current form for the past 28 years.
There is probably an element of 'familiarity breeding contempt' in the current relationship between farmers and RDCs, as few farmers can remember the previous landscape or imagine what the agricultural research and development (R and D) environment would be like in Australia in the absence of RDCs.
Consequently, there is probably a tendency for farmers to downplay the benefits derived from RDCs, and to focus instead on any deficiencies.
Likewise, the RDCs may be tempted to take for granted that levy-payers will always support them.
It is easy to forget the changes that have occurred since RDCs were first established in 1989 under the Primary Industries and Energy Research and Development Act.
Then, the various state Departments of Agriculture had relatively strong research and extension resources.
In addition, the CSIRO had a much larger rural R and D portfolio. University agriculture faculties were relatively well-resourced, and had deep industry connections.
However, over the past 25 years the value of real (inflation-adjusted) resources received from government by all these organisations has declined considerably.
In contrast, the real level of funding of the rural RDCs has been maintained, as have matching Australian Government contributions.
Consequently, the various state Departments of Agriculture, the Universities and the CSIRO have become increasingly reliant on RDC funding for their agricultural R and D activities – something that is easily overlooked when considering the Australian agricultural R and D landscape.
This changing historical context is important to keep in mind when contemplating what needs to happen to ensure the RDCs continue to deliver value for the sector over the next quarter-century, specifically in relation to R and D.
It is logical to assume that change will continue.
Farm business models will further diversify while farms will increase in size and reduce in number.
Public-sector agricultural agencies will struggle for resources while private sector agribusiness corporations will become more significant in agricultural R and D.
And digital technology will become all-important.
Governments and consumers will continue to make ever-increasing demands to improve product quality, animal welfare and biosecurity outcomes and reduce environmental impacts.
How RDCs respond to these changes will largely determine their survival in the future.
The major imperative for RDCs will obviously be to maintain the strong support of levy- payers.
A group that will, of necessity, be increasingly business-oriented and objective in scrutinising the use to which their hard-earned dollars are put.
Farm businesses are much less homogenous than when RDC's were first established and will continue to diversify over the next 25 years, meaning that RDC's will have more disparate groups to satisfy.
They will require more straightforward, simplified and clear reporting from RDCs about the returns their R and D levy dollars are generating.
This should include information detailing the nature and value of the R and D portfolio being funded (whether basic, applied or commercial development R and D), and the amount of funding allocated to public good research or to maintain research capacity.
It should also detail the desired R and D outcomes, and the estimated value that will be returned to the industry if the R and D is successful.
This reporting should also include some key performance metrics for the RDCs.
These should include administrative and overhead costs, staff numbers, proportion of successful and unsuccessful projects, commercialisation outcomes, collaboration projects with other RDCs, joint venture projects with the private sector and any other relevant data.
Perhaps equally as important is the need for RDCs to collectively agree on these reporting metrics, so there is a common reporting standard across all 15 RDCs now in operation.
This is not to enable a "Hunger Games"-type competition to see which RDC 'wins', but rather to provide standardised measures that can be tracked over time to judge trends in the performance of individual RDCs, and to make logical decisions about their continuing value.
It is somewhat ironic that many of the RDCs encourage their farmer levy-payers to get involved in benchmarking groups so they can track and improve their farm performance, yet do not apply this same logic to their own performance.
When it comes to the periodic reviews of RDCs that are required as part of a vote on future levies, there is a need for greater objectivity and independence.
Too often, this is an 'in-house' exercise that seems designed to produce a predetermined outcome, rather than a truly objective evaluation.
The appointment of an independent external panel with adequate resources to commission a proper evaluation of RDC performance and report objectively to levy-payers should be a minimum requirement, well in advance of any vote by levy-payers.
While implementing these performance and reporting processes may cause some unease for the RDCs, their future success depends very heavily on the support of levy-payers.
This level of transparency is simply a normal professional expectation, equivalent to that required of a listed company by its shareholders.
Undertaking measures to enhance the trust and support of levy-payers will create a very firm foundation for the future of the RDCs over the next 25 years, allowing them to continue to play a very important role in Australia's agricultural development.
Mick Keogh is the executive director of the Australian Farm Institute.