text:
Contact Us
Browse by:
Apparatus for enhancing chemical reactions
Apparatus for enhancing chemical reactions
Patent Drawings:
(4 images)
Date Issued:
September 18, 1979
September 27, 1977
Sawyer; Harold T.
(Pacific Palisades, CA)
Beehler; Vernon D.
(Los Angeles, CA)
Primary Examiner:
Scovronek; Joseph
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney Or Agent:
Beehler, Mockabee, Arant & Jagger
U.S. Class:
Field Of Search:
International Class:
U.S Patent Documents:
Foreign Patent Documents:
Other References:
T J. Bulat, The Role of Cavitation in Sonic Energy Cleaning, ASTM, 1962..
An apparatus for enhancing chemical reactions in a constantly flowing stream of liquid character fortified with oxidizing agents, such as air or oxygen or other chemical agents, makes use of an inner resonant tube concentrically mounted within an outer resonant tube with the walls of the tubes spaced from each other forming an annular passageway for the flow of liquid from one end of the passageway to the other. One or more sets of radially spaced ultrasonic transducers are located on the outside wall of the outer resonant tube thereby to create an ultrasonic cavitation condition in the liquid as it flows through the annular passageway.
Having described the invention, what is claimed as new in support of Letters Patent is as follows:
1. A device for enhancing reactions in a flowing stream of substantially liquid materialcomprising a tube having a stiff relatively thin straight cylindrical integrally homogeneous wall of resonant material forming a passageway therethrough for said liquid material, an inlet port to said passageway and an outlet port from said passageway,and at least one ultrasonic transducer anchored integrally on the wall of the tube at a wave length antinodal point when under resonance by action of said ultrasonic transducer, the wall of said tube which forms the passageway being at resonancethroughout its entire length and circumference during operation in response to action of said transducer, opposite ends of said tube having each a mounting at respective wave length nodal points, whereby energy emanating from said tube passes in a radialdirection into said passageway throughout its entire length and circumference.
2. A device for enhancing reactions in a constantly flowing stream of substantially liquid material comprising an outer tube having a stiff straight cylindrical integrally homogeneous wall, an inner tube having a stiff straight cylindricalintegrally homogeneous wall concentrically mounted within and spaced clear of the outertube throughout the length and circumference of said tube, the outer diameter of the inner tube being smaller than the inner diameter of the outer tube and forming anannular passageway therebetween for said liquid material, an inlet port adjacent the one end of the passageway and an outlet port adjacent the other end, one of said tubes being a resonant tube of resonant material, said resonant tube having supportmountings at opposite ends at wave length nodal points, said inner tube having a chamber extending therethrough, and at least one ultrasonic transducer anchored integrally on the wall of said resonant tube at a location substantially coincident with awave length antinodal point of the resonant tube when the tube is at resonance by action of said ultrasonic transducer, said resonant tube throughout its entire length and circumference being at resonance during operation in response to action of saidtransducer whereby energy emanating from said resonant tube passes in a radial direction into said annular passageway throughout its entire length and circumference.
3. A device for enhancing reactions as in claim 2 wherein the outer tube is a resonant tube and the inner tube is a non-resonant tube.
4. A device for enhancing reactions as in claim 2 wherein the inner tube is a resonant tube and the outer tube is a non-resonant tube.
5. A device for enhancing reactions as in claim 2 wherein both tubes are resonant tubes and the ultrasonic transducer is anchored integrally on the outer tube.
6. A device for enhancing reactions as in claim 2 wherein there are a plurality of ultrasonic transducers anchored integrally to the respective tube at locations spaced longitudinally from each other on the resonant tube and at respective wavelength antinodal points.
7. A device for enhancing reactions as in claim 2 wherein there are a plurality of ultrasonic transducers anchored integrally to the respective tube at locations spaced circumferentially from each other on the resonant tube and at respectivewave length antinodal points.
8. A device for enhancing reactions as in claim 2 wherein there are a plurality of ultrasonic transducers anchored integrally to the respective tube at locations spaced circumferentially from each other on the resonant tube and a plurality ofultrasonic transducers anchored integrally to the respective tube at locations spaced longitudinally from each other on the resonant tube, said spacing being at whole wave length intervals and at wave length antinodal points.
9. A device for enhancing reactions as in claim 2 wherein there is a supply line for liquid material connected to said inlet port, means for creating a pressure condition in said supply line and a gas aspirator in said supply line forintroducing gas to said liquid material.
10. A device for enhancing reactions as in claim 2 wherein the respective ends of said tubes are anchored together in sealed rigid relationship.
11. A reactor system according to claim 2 including a source of liquid material to be treated, a source of chemical reagent material for treatment of the liquid material, said tubes comprising an ultrasonic transmission assembly having acontinuous passageway therethrough subject to ultrasonic cavitation, fluid leads respectively from said sources to said passageway, and a discharge lead therefrom, the combination of a control system comprising liquid flow sensing means for the lead fromthe source of liquid material, chemical reagent sensing means for the lead from the source of chemical reagent material, a flow ratio controller in communication respectively with both said sensing means, a control means between said flow ratiocontroller and one of said leads adapted to constantly regulate the flow in the last identified lead in proportion to the flow in the other lead.
12. A control system according to claim 11 wherein the said one lead subject to constant regulation is the lead from the source of chemical reagent material.
13. A control system according to claim 11 wherein there is a forced return flow means from said agitator assembly to said source of liquid.
14. A control system as in claim 11 wherein said flow ratio controller is manually adjustable to a selected ratio.
15. A control system as in claim 11 wherein there is a return lead from the discharge lead to said source of liquid material.
16. A device for enhancing reactions as in claim 2 wherein there is a sound wave isolation mount for each respective end of said resonant tube.
17. A device for enhancing reactions according to claim 2 including a source of liquid material to be treated, a source of chemical reagent material for treatment of the liquid material, said tubes comprising an ultrasonic transmission assemblyhaving a continuous passageway therethrough subject to ultrasonic fluid cavitation, fluid leads respectively from said sources to said passageway, and a discharge lead therefrom, the combination of a control system comprising liquid flow sensing meansfor the lead from the source of liquid material, chemical reagent sensing means for the lead from the source of chemical reagent material, a flow ratio controller in communication respectively with both said sensing means, and a control means betweensaid flow ratio controller and one of said leads adapted to constantly regulate the flow in the last identified lead in proportion to the flow in the other lead.
18. A device for enhancing reactions as in claim 6 wherein the resonant tube is of metallic material with a modulus of elasticity within a range between about 21,500,000 and 30,000,000.
19. A device for enhancing reactions as in claim 2 wherein there are a plurality of ultrasonic transducers having anchored attachments on the exterior wall of the resonant tube spaced apart at multiples of whole wave length intervals, each saidattachment comprising a flat area on the respective transducer, a complementary flat area on the exterior wall of the resonant tube, the flat area on the exterior wall of the resonant tube being at a depth part way through said exterior wall, and anintegral homogeneous fastening medium anchoring the flat areas together to form the attachment between the transducer and the exterior wall of the resonant tube.
Although ultrasonic cavitationof liquids has been resorted to in the past, as for example cleaning of metal objects, and also for processing purposes as evidenced by U.S. Pat. No. 3,464,672, the objective has been to transmit sound energy directly to the liquid. In U.S. Pat. No.3,464,672 material such as rubber normally used as sound insulation pads because of having virtually no modulus of elasticity, has been used in tubular form as a support for transducers. Because of its sound deadening property the rubber tube isincapable of resonance in the ultrasonic range and merely holds the transducers in a position such that they can drive the sound energy through the rubber wall to the liquid. Since no ultrasonic resonance can be set up in the rubber wall no ultrasonicenergy will pass to the liquid except directly at the locations of the transducers, which must be placed virtually edge to edge in order to get maximum application of energy to the liquid.
In general, techniques and equipment used for example in the processing and recovery of such metals as gold, uranium, silver and copper have been improved through better utilization of instruments and controls. Over the years there haveobviously been improvements in process equipment and techniques used in the operation. The introduction of new technology, equipment and methods such as ultrasonic hydrometallurgical treatment of the slurry or pulp during the leaching operation, forexample, has not been applied.
Improving the effectiveness of existing plant operations through the use of alternative process technology and the implementation of advances should lead to higher metal recovery and a reduction of metal lost to the tailing dumps.
In the case of gold recovery processing, for example, cyanide leaching is generally carried out in large tanks known as agitators or leaching tanks where the slurry or pulp having a consistency of between 30 and 50 percent solids is agitatedgenerally by a combination of propellers and airlift injection to minimize diffusional limitations and to provide the oxygen or other oxidizing agents necessary for oxidation and resultant cyanide reaction.
Oxygen is recognized as an indispensable oxidizing agent in the dissolution of gold or other metals. Pure oxygen is generally too expensive to use. Therefore, atmospheric air is the customary source of the required oxygen gas used as anoxidizing agent. The degree of aeration of the cyanide pulp in gold processing is of significant importance and concern to the metallurgist since some ores, particularly silver ore, require more aeration than others. Agitation may be considered asstirring or mixing of the pulp with an excess of air in circular tanks of sufficient capacity to allow the balance of the gold to dissolve.
The economic incentive for higher recovery efficiency of metals during the leaching process is substantial and suggests improvement through better use of new technology. For example, it has been shown that a typical gold producing company with arecovery rate of 93 percent and with a sales of 50 million dollars annually could recover a significant amount of gold should the recovery efficiency be increased one percent to a value of 94 percent.
One of the current problems that occurs during the gold leaching process is to provide the proper rate of oxygen or air flow necessary for oxidation within the cyanide concentration to recover the maximum amount of gold from the ore. Theatmospheric air which is introduced at the bottom of the agitator tanks causes an air lift in the form of bubbles which rise in part to the surface of the tanks. A portion of the agitation for mixing is provided by propeller mixing blades at the lowerportion of the tanks.
There is commonly a strong resistance to the mixing of air or other oxidizing chemical agents with the cyanide solution during this stirring and airlift operation. The resistance is caused by the surface tension interface of the air bubbles andsolution. As a result only a portion and an unpredictable amount of the air in the form of bubbles is dissolved in the cyanide pulp solution to provide for oxidation. Furthermore, there is no certain or known controllable means of determining anaccurate air flow rate utilizing conventional equipment to provide the ultimate desired amount of oxidation and resultant reaction for maximum metal recovery.
Another problem relates to the time required for dissolution of metals in the agitation circuit. Although an important part of gold, for example, will dissolve in the grinding circuit if it is performed in a cyanide solution, there still remainssignificant undissolved values that require complete oxidation to more fully complete the dissolution. The total retention time required in the agitation circuit will usually range from 6 hours to 48 hours and sometimes somewhat longer on silver ores. Part of the problem therefore is the exceptionally long time required for processing and final dissolution in the agitator circuit.
It is therefore among the objects of the invention to provide a new and improved means and method for increasing the efficiency of reaction in such a chemical reactor where material passing through it is in the form of a slurry or pulp in achemical solution.
Another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved agitating system and method which effectively and efficiently reduces surface tension which impairs to a degree the desired reaction in the slurry while it is being subjected tooxidation.
Another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved apparatus and method which is effective in improving reaction between substances in the slurry while the slurry is in transit, and without impairing in any way the rapidity ofpassage of the slurry from its source to an ultimate point of deposition.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved agitating device and system of relatively simple and inexpensive construction capable of being used as part of the system for passing the slurry from its source to its pointof deposition, the apparatus being such that it tends to keep itself consistently clean, which operates at relatively high efficiency, which is capable of readily being serviced during the course of operation without need for a shut-down, and whichsignificantly improves the efficiency of chemical reaction in the slurry.
Another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved device to complete more fully the dissolution and subsequent recovery of metals in a flowing stream.
With these and othr objects in view, the invention consists of theconstruction, arrangement, and combination of the various parts of the device, whereby the objects contemplated are attained, as hereinafter set forth, pointed out in the appended claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the system applied to a slurry while in transit, showing the device in section.
FIG. 2 is an end elevational view of the device taken on the line 2--2 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view on the line 3--3 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic showing of the axial nodal pattern.
FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic representation of the circumferential nodal pattern.
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the location of both circumferential and axial nodes.
FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of the system including an agitator tank.
FIG. 8 is a side elevational view partially broken away of another form of the invention.
FIG. 9 is a cross sectional view on the line 9--9 of FIG. 8.
FIG. 10 is a side elevational view partially broken away of another form of the invention.
FIG. 11 is a cross sectional view on the line 11--11 of FIG. 10.
FIG. 12 is a side elevational view of still another form of the invention.
FIG. 13 is a diagrammatic representation of the control panel and related instrumentation.
In an embodiment of the invention chosen for the purpose of illustration, there is shown in FIG. 1 a supply conduit 10 for a stream ofsubstantially liquid material, such as a pulp or slurry, which is passed through the system by action of a variable speed pump 11 and evacuated through a discharge conduit 13. A chemical reactor assembly indicated generally by the reference character 12receives the stream from the supply conduit and ultimately passes it to the discharge conduit 13. The discharge conduit may, on some occasions be directed to recirculating the slurry back to the process through appropriate conventional means or onoccasions may pass the slurry to an agitator tank 14 as shown in FIG. 7, from which it can be recirculated back to the supply conduit 10.
The chemical reactor assembly 12 consists of an outer resonant tube 15 having flanges 16 at respective opposite ends bolted in sealed condition by means of bolts 17 to respective flanges 18 supporting in part an inner resonant tube 19.
For a tube like the tube 19 to be resonant it should be of resilient stiff material with a modulus of elasticity in the range of from about 30,000,000 to about 21,500,000 or slightly lower. This is recognizably the range for metallic materialssuch as steel, stainless steel, nickel, alloys of copper and perhaps some of the harder alloys of aluminium with the possible inclusion of some specially constituted non-metallic materials. The stability inherent in the metallic materials is a highlydesireable characteristic. Materials such as soft rubber or fiber reinforced rubber, or comparable pliable synthetic materials of which various hoses have been made and even phenolics with a modulus of 500,000 are clearly outside the required range andcould not resonate in the ultrasonic range.
The outer flanges 18 have feet 24, which rest on resilient isolation supports 20. These in turn are carried on a pad 21 on a stationary bed 25 thereby to mount the chemical reactor in position.
As shown, the inner resonant tube has an outside diameter substantially smaller than the inside diameter of the outer resonant tube providing an annular passageway 22 therebetween. As shown, it is the passageway 22 which the supply conduit 10 isdirected into and from which the discharge conduit 13 flows.
An annular isolation ring 26 at each end serves to isolate and seal the inner resonant tube from the outer resonant tube 15 and to permit the tubes to be isolated in resonance.
In designating the ring 26 as an isolation ring consideration must be given to the intensity and wave length of the ultra sonic character of the device. The isolation material should normally be much denser than that acceptable to sonic energyin the audible range and may, on occasions, be omitted entirely.
Mounted on the exterior of the outer resonant tube 15 are three sets of ultrasonic magnetostrictive transducers 30. In the chosen embodiment there are four such transducers in each set and all are mounted at an appropriate wave length antinodalpoint. In practice one or more transducers may be used depending on the power requirement of the system or a multiple number as shown. The ultrasonic heavy duty magnetostrictive transducers 30 are substantially conventional in their mechanical makeup,and adapted to be supplied with electric current from their power supply generator and through appropriate leads 31.
Piezoelectric transducers are customarily made with a resonant diaphragm at which point the high frequency sound energy is accummulated and from which the sound wave energy is projected. In the device herein disclosed the resonant tube is itselfa diaphragm for the magnetostrictive transducers and irrespective of whether one or a multiple number of transducers are employed the entire tube is set in resonance at the same ultrasonic frequency. The transducers and the entire length andcircumference being in that way activated produces a source of sound wave energy applied completely throughout the entire surface of contact of the liquid with the resonant tube. A high power transfer of sound energy is in that way made possible.
In the present disclosure, the structure itself, namely the entire length and circumference of the resonant tube or tubes, as the case may be, provides a diaphragm for sound emission in the ultrasonic range which generates the desired cavitationin liquid flowing adjacent to it. By providing dual resonant tubes the liquid passage 22 is kept narrow and substantially all liquid passes in contact with the resonant tube exposed surfaces. When both tubes are set in resonance by transducer action,cavitation is produced over an area encompassing the entire length and circumference of the liquid media to be treated.
For greater convenience the transducers are shown mounted on the exterior of the outer tube. For generating resonance directly in the inner tube the transducers could be mounted on the interior of the inner tube. The inner surface of outerresonant tube 15 and the outer surface of inner resonant tube 19 are plasma sprayed for corrosion and abrasion resistance.
To integrate the transducers with the wall of the resonant tube, and employ the tube as the transducer diaphragm, the transducers are silver brazed directly to the resonant tube. Flats 32 may be milled on the surface of the tube itself at thetransducer locations where the brazing is to take place.
In the system as shown in FIG. 1 an orifice flange 40 is provided in the discharge conduit 13 which is serviced by a flow transmitter-indicator 41 through leads 42. From the flow transmitter a lead 43 leads to a flow ratio controller 44. Thesame flow ratio controller also services a second flow transmitter-indicator 45 and orifice flange 46 through leads 47 and 48. As noted, the orifice flange 46 is in a line 50 for the introduction of oxygen or other appropriate oxidizing agent to thesystem. In the line 50 is an automatic control valve 51, the operation of which is dependent upon operation of the flow ratio controller 44 acting on a diaphragm valve actuator 52 thru appropriate connection 53.
A pressure reducing control valve 55 and companion pressure gauge 57 are located in the line 50 upstream with respect to the orifice flange 46. At the downstream discharge end of the line 50 and located within the annular passageway 22 is anaspirator nozzle 56. A check flow valve 54 is shown near the discharge of line 50. Oxygen or other appropriate oxidizing agent flows from the line 50 through the slurry within the annular passageway 22. The slurry is forced through the annularpassageway 22 by means of the pump 11 which is located at the inlet end of the annular passageway. A manual valve 69 may be mounted in the supply conduit 10 as shown.
FIG. 7 represents a recirculation system and shows the chemical reactor 12 and its associated equipment interconnected to for example, commercial type of propeller agitator or leaching tank 14 for continuous recirculation of the contents of theagitator tank for processing by the chemical reactor 12.
A process inflow line 66 passes pulp or slurry to the tank reservoir chamber 62, and an outflow line 67 returns the processed material to the main process system circuit. A propeller 60 within the tank driven by motor 61 provides stirring, liftand agitation for the tank's contents. In addition, the tank is provided with a series of air jets 63 located on a spreader 64 at the bottom of the tank and supplied by an auxiliary air line 65. The purpose of the jets is to provide oxidation of thetank's material and to also induce an additional air lift for agitation.
The recirculation is provided by a conduit 10' located near the bottom of the tank and a conduit 13' located near the top portion of the tank. The pump 11 passes the material through the chemical reactor and returns the contents to the agitatortank through conduit 13'.
To illustrate graphically the activity of the resonant tubes 15 and 19 there is shown in FIG. 4 a resonant pattern which contains four axial wave length nodal points 70. There are also circumferentially disposed wave length nodal points as shownadvantageously in FIG. 5, namely, the nodal points 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, and 78.
The chemical reactor as shown in the drawings is a device to provide a controlled rate of oxidation and reaction of the pulp and cyanide solution and in proportion to the pulp flow rate, and also subject the pulp mixture solution passing throughthe reactor chamber to intense dispersion, mixing, cleaning, and to a chemical reaction within the confined annular passageway 22. In the passageway the mixture is processed under precisely controlled conditions by very intense ultrasonic energy whichin turn produces a high energy field of cavitation energy directed in spherical and perpendicular fashion across and through the slurry solution within the annular passageway 22 as shown in FIG. 3 and as it flows through the reactor chamber.
Since the reactor is a self-contained device which can be designed to a wide range of flow rates, it lends itself to choice of locations in the cyanide leaching circuit. As desired by the metallurgist for example, an effective installation wouldbe to utilize the chemical reactor as a recirculation device for one or more of the holding tanks, whereby flow capacities ranging from 40,000 gallons per hour or higher could be withdrawn continuously from a tank, circulated through the reactor forprocessing and returned to the agitator tank. In this manner, the contents of the tank would be recirculated and processed for controlled oxidation and reaction many times during processing. For larger tanks where larger rates of recirculation may berequired, multiple use of the chemical reactors can be utilized.
FIG. 7 shows the conduit 10' flowing from the agitator tank 14 which transports the slurry and cyanide solution to the reactor, the flow rate of which is measured by either a segmental orifice or a flow nozzle and its transmitter. The pump 11 isshown in the line to circulate the pulp solution through the agitator assembly 12 to the tank 14. The compressed gas flow rate is measured in turn by the orifice 46 and its transmitter 45. The two flow transmitters 41 and 45 in turn transmit theirindividual flow rate results to the flow ratio controller 44 which automatically regulates a valve in the compressed air line to proportion and maintain a fixed ratio of airflow to pulp solution flow. The flow ratio controller 44 is equipped with amanual ratio setting to enable the metallurgist to adjust the desired value or ratio from time to time as may be required to maintain optimum oxidation and reaction taking place in the agitator holding tank closed system in order to increase theefficiency of metal recovery.
The resonant tube 15 which is a cylindrical shell, is specifically designed to one of the desired axial and circumferential ultrasonic resonant frequencies that have been selected for the structure. An example of the wave length frequencypatterns showing nodes and antinodes referred to for the cylindrical shell is illustrated in FIGS. 4, 5, and 6. The same discription applies also to the tube 19.
Employment of the chemical reactor in ore and metal chemical processing dictates that the cylindrical shell be designed for the ultrasonic frequency range chosen preferably at a value between 20,000 and 40,000 cycles per second. The cavitationimplosions therefore in microns would permit the cavitation energy to penetrate, attack and implode the ore surfaces, pores, fissures and grain boundries and to also implode the molecules of the metals themselves. Ultrasonic heavy duty industrialmagnetostructive transducers are commercially available to supply the ultrasonic frequencies required for installation on the resonant tubes.
Modern ultrasonic magnetostrictive transducers are furnished commercially with solid state power supplies that are provided with adjustable output power and adjustable frequency. These features are ideally suited for application to the chemicalreactor, and also offer engineered reliability represented by 10 year guarantees.
With reference to FIG. 1 the pulp solution containing atmospheric air as an oxidizing agent enters the ultrasonic chamber namely the passageway 22, for processing where it is exposed to an intense field of cavitation where the energy thusreleased within the pulp and solution causes the interfaces and surface tensions of the materials to be broken and also to provide an energy means for oxidizing a good portion of the oxygen into reaction. In addition, the high energy kinetic reactionthat takes place within the pulp solution causes dispersion, agitation, mixing and surface cleaning of the materials and intense implosion on the surfaces of the exposed metal to more fully release the metallic molecules into solution.
The combined resonant system consists of the resonant cylindrical tube 15 and 19, one or more transducers, or a multiple number of transducers, and its ultrasonic generator power supply. The resonant cylindrical tubes are excited sinusoidallyinto one of their wave length modes of natural frequency in the ultrasonic range at a chosen value between 20,000 and 50,000 cycles per second.
The longitudinal and circumferential elastic wave energy at resonance and thus released from the cylindrical tube, causes very intense acoustic compressional sinusoidal wave energy to be transmitted in perpendicular fashion from the outerresonant tube surface through the pulp solution or slurry as shown in FIG. 3. The speed of the transmitted compressional wave energy within the unpure pulp solution is estimated at 5500 feet per second. The shearing forces of the compression waveenergy traveling through the pulp solution cause a very high degree of kinetic energy reaction to take place within the pulp mixture which in turn fractures and ruptures the solution into a known form of energy namely vaporous cavitation which is acommonly accepted term for such a condition.
The vaporous cavitation energy field within the solution is continuously subjected to alternating positive and negative pressure cycles which cause microscopic bubbles to be formed during the pressure cycles and to be collapsed during thenegative cycles thus causing a very intense vacuuming or implosion action on all the surfaces of materials in solution, for oxidation and implosion of ore surfaces and crevices which contain molecules of metal.
Such energy life cycle transformations in three force planes take place each 10.sup.-9 of a second and form ellipsoid energy patterns in three planes which are continuously in a state of formation and collapse. It is during the negative pressureor collapse phase of the energy cycle that voids are produced, as are also vapor cavities in solution. This in turn produces very intense vacuuming action on the surfaces and crevices of the ore material in solution, sometimes referred to as animplosion effect. The implosions which take place on the surfaces of the ore even to minute surface diameters of a few microns cause the surface tensions to be broken and permit the chemical solution to produce additional dissolution of the metal bypenetration into the ore crevices and to also provide for a higher degree of oxidation to take place.
Basically, there are four mechanisms involved in removing additional metal from ore while undergoing processing in a chemical reactor: (1) solvation, (2) interface exchange, (3) chemical reaction, and (4) dissolution.
In the case of gold recovery, for example, a cyanide solution serves as a chemical solvent agent for dissolving the gold from the ore. Any mechanical agitation speeds up the solvation process. The forces of cavitation will provide a direct andeffective mechanical agitation.
Cavitation can also serve to break down the molecular force or interface that exists between the solution and the ore particles containing gold. The breaking of these forces can be accomplished by the direct shock or impact imparted byacoustical vaporous cavitation or can be the result of a fatiguing action caused by repeated bombardment and resulting explosions. Once the molecular attraction of the solution to the ore and metal is broken, the surface metal is imploded and cleanedand thus exposed for further dissolution.
Chemical mechanisms can also be in the form of chemical conversions or of the addition of chemical energy to the dissolution process. Among the latter the addition of air or other chemical oxidation agents are most widely used. Cavitationserves to accelerate this energy reaction. When the mechanism is a chemical conversion, the usual action is to convert the metal to a soluable form.
Cavitation aids also in these reactions by means of the great pressure differentials that are set up by the implosions in the microscopic pores, cracks and grain boundries of the ore and metal and by the heat dissipated at the moment ofimplosion. The cavities or voids left by these implosions are instantaneously filled with the chemical fluid solution that surrounds the ore particles and are driven by very high transitory pressures. The resulting pressures generated at the loci ofthese implosions have been measured up to 1000 atmospheres. Furthermore the heat dissipated at the moment of implosion has been determined to be in excess of 1000 degrees centigrade. Chemical processes can also be aided in a vaporous cavitation fieldby the direct mechanical agitation of cavitation, since they maintain a maximum concentration gradient of the chemical solution at the surfaces of the ore particles.
One unique feature of cavitation is that it can be generated anywhere that a compressional sound wave of sufficient intensity can penetrate, and reaction will occur deep within the interstices of an ore particle with complicated geometricconfiguration. Ore particle surfaces which are seemingly smooth to the naked eye have microscopic pores, crevices, cracks and grain boundries. The specific action of cavitation penetrates these minute areas with very intense transitory energy andresults in implosions and resultant ruptures and fissures of the ore material at the microscopic level which can be equaled by no other known method. The implosions occurring on and within the ore particles create tremendous transitory pressures withinthe material. The alternative vacuum and pressure energy action reaching 1000 atmospheres of pressure occur many thousands of times per second and at resonance, which causes fatigue within the pores, cracks, grain boundries and fissures of the oreparticles which forces the ore particles to be fractured to a large extent and thus to expose more fully the molecules and surfaces of metal for further recovery by means of chemical reaction and dissolution.
The solid state ultrasonic system is an efficient means to provide the energy necessary for operation of the chemical reactor. The individual power requirements, for example, for multiple transducer units is relatively low and may be suppliedcommercially as desired in power increments up to 12,000 watts. In special cases where very high capacities are required for a single chemical reactor, a multitude of transducers 30 representing a multiple system may be used as shown in FIG. 1. In thiscase the multiple transducers would be driven in phase from a single power source. An alternate installation for higher rates of circulation could be made by utilizing multiple chemical reactors.
In the form of invention of FIGS. 8 and 9 there are provided dual resonant tubes 80 and 81 the outer tube 80 being of substantially the same thickness and resonant character as the inner tube 81 which is spaced therefrom providing an annularpassageway 82.
The tubes 80 and 81 are isolated from each other by the same structure described in connection with FIG. 1 and are carried by appropriate supports 20 in the same fashion.
Because of the resonant character of the outer tube 80 there is provided at the end of the supply conduit 10 a flexible isolation joint 83 of an appropriate vibration damping material through which the fluid flows to a stub conduit 84, directlyconnected to the outer resonant tube 80 by a rigid weldment 85. A similar flexible isolation joint 86 at the end of the line 50 carrying the oxydizing agent connects to a stub 87 by which the agent is conducted into the passageway 82 through the wall ofthe outer resonant tube 80.
Similarly also a discharge stub 88 connects to the discharge conduit 13 through an isolating joint 89.
The joints as described taken together with the mountings at the end of the resonant tube assembly isolate the entire reactor structure from any rigid attachment or connection which would otherwise impair the effectiveness of the ultrasonic waveaction which is generated.
By way of example there are shown three transducers 90, 91, and 92, on this occasion all connected to the exterior of the outer resonant tube 80. The transducers are axially spaced one from another in such fashion that they apply their force tothe outer resonant tube 80 at wave length antinodal points.
As indicated in FIG. 9 ultrasonic energy set up in the outer resonant tube 80 is transmitted by fluid material 93 to the inner resonant tube 81 causing the inner resonant tube to be excited at resonance thereby to set up a resonant wave patternin the fluid material in an opposite direction also as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 9.
A chamber 94 through the inner tube is clear.
The embodiment of FIGS. 10 and 11 differs in that an inner tube 95 is thick walled and stationary whereas an outer tube 96 is relatively thinner walled and resonant. The tubes are concentric and radially spaced from one another providing anannular passageway 97 for the fluid material which is subject to the reaction. Here again transducers 98, 99, and 100 are mounted on the exterior of the outer tube 96 at respective wave length antinodal points to generate an ultrasonic frequencyresonant wave condition such as that illustrated by the arrows of FIG. 11. In the device of FIGS. 10 and 11 there is an open chamber 101 extending through the inner tube 95.
An augmented transducer pattern is illustrated in FIG. 12 where, by way of example, an inner tube 105 and an outer tube 106 are illustrated as resonant tubes comparable to the arrangement of FIGS. 8 and 9. The tubes 105 and 106 following thearrangement of the other forms of the device provide an annular passageway 107 for the fluid material which is to be reacted, there being a clear chamber 108 through the inner tube 105.
For this arrangement transducers 108, 109, and 110 are applied to the exterior of the outer tube 106 at longitudinally spaced intervals so that they are located at antinodal points for the vibration condition which is set up. On this occasionadditional transducers 112, and 113 extend circumferentially around the outer tube 106 at the longitudinal midline.
With the proposed arrangement ultrasonic vibrations of two different kinds are generated in the outer resonant tube 106 thereby emphasizing the pattern of both radial and longitudinal wave action, the elements of which have already been describedin connection with FIGS. 4 and 5. It should be observed further that the circumferentially disposed transducers should also be applied at antinodal points. Moreover additional circumferentially disposed transducers are contemplated at other antinodalpoints corresponding for example to the locations of transducers 108 and 110.
Further still, although for the embodiment of FIG. 12 several resonant tubes are shown, it may be found preferable to provide only one resonant tube as for example, making the inner tube 105 thicker walled and stationary. Further still byfollowing the pattern of mounting of FIGS. 1 and 2, transducers of appropriate size and capacity can be mounted not only at axially spaced locations but also at circumferentially spaced locations around the inner circumference of the inner tube, wherethat tube is made a resonant tube.
Since the resonant character of the tube in which the transducers are mounted is appreciably significant, as well as the location of the transducers at wave length antinodal points a typical installation can be calculated.
Assuming the resonant tube to be of steel, the speed of sound in the tube can be assume to be 14,610 feet per second. The frequency imparted to ordinary steel by the transducer may be designed for 22,000 cycles per second. Therefore in theequation:
8 inches-0.6666 feet. As a consequence, the transducers, where more than one are mounted on the resonant tube, will need to be at intervals of which would be multiples of approximately 8 inches. Because of known properties of the materials andrelated standard mathematical constants the entire structure can be designed to have the resonant characteristics desired.
The control panel of FIG. 13 is illustrative only and shows a control for, for example, the flow ratio controller or selector valve 44, the flow transmitter 41 for the oxidizing agent, a proportioning control valve 115 and a fluid flow measuringdevice 116.
Ultrasonic power supply generators are indicated on the panel by reference characters 118 and 119. Flow recording meters are indicated by the characters 120 and 121 and flow ratio controller by the reference character 122. A remote manualselector valve for control of the total flow leaving the reactor is shown at 123 and a manual automatic flow ratio selector valve at 124. Because of the nature of the apparatus and process made possible by the arrangement of equipment shown carefulcontrol and regulation is a requisite and for adequate effectiveness all controls and indicators need to be concentrated at a single location.
Although the application of the chemical reactor for the mine processing industry has been detailed in this disclosure, there are other significant uses for the chemical reactor in the chemical processing industry generally where such methods andtechnology may be utilized in other forms of processing namely dispersion, cleaning, chemical washing, mechanical agitation, mixing and completion of chemical reactions by the introduction of various forms of oxidizing agents in a controlled manner.
* * * * *
Recently Added Patents
Curved structural part made of composite material and a process for manufacturing such a part
Semiconductor device having trapezoidal shaped trenches
Oxide material, electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge, and image forming device
Method and apparatus for increasing query traffic to a web site
Method for producing an adhesive fastening element made of plastic
Thiocyanato or isothiocyanato substituted naphthalene diimide and rylene diimide compounds and their use as n-type semiconductors
Randomly Featured Patents
Conductive polymer using self-regenerating oxidant
Combined toothbrush and tumbler holder
Recording head for heat assisted magnetic recording with diffusion barrier surrounding a near field transducer
Method and apparatus for implementing a register scan process
Design data management system and associated method
Interchangeable lens for digital video camera
Adjustable traction wheel tensioning mechanism for an automatic wallboard joint taper
Connector for conductor-path sheet, a connector assembly and a connector assembling method
Sheet guide device for sheet feeders
Multi-language software development
© 2006-2011. PatentGenius.com All Rights Reserved.


text: Yes. It is true. Now; the internet is lucky enough to have Letters to the Moon as tenents. Thanks to tumblr (where's the 'e' right?) for the free place to crash. LTTM is an acoustic pop band I am in with my friend Lisa since 06′ or 07′. We have 2 CDs thus far posted for sale. We will keep the page updated with shows and plans. We are currently working on a full band full length under the moniker "Letters" because we are not cute anymore. We're a GD (goddamn) American Rock 'n' Roll band. Watch yer ass.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
As Jennifer Lawrence put in it, in her November Vanity Fair interview, speaking of the stolen, intimate photos of her that had been posted on websites such as 4Chan, Reddit, Twitter and Tumblr, "It's not a scandal. It is a sex crime. It is a sexual violation." Sadly, Jennifer Lawrence has become the literal embodiment of a new and relentless affliction: the past living on, eternally in the interstices of the Internet.
The New Yorker recently ran "The Solace of Oblivion" (9/29), about lawsuits in Europe that have effectively challenged Google's claim that it cannot police the past by monitoring web postings. The article contrasts that continent's emerging laws with current U.S. statutes, which provide no assistance, for example, to the Catsouras family of Orange, Ca., parents who had sought, unsuccessfully, to keep purloined automobile accident pictures from web circulation. The images show the decapitated head of their deceased daughter Nikki.
The web's ability to prolong the past indefinitely illustrates an essential Catholic teaching at the core of the Commemoration of All Souls. We humans are not discrete, utterly separable particles of self that, upon death, simply jettison out of this world, out of its history or its web of relationships.
That notion of the soul, as a sort of solitary shadow, one that slips free of the world, can be traced to Rene Descartes, who defined the human person as a mind standing over-and-against the world. That is, after all, the upshot of his famous Cogito, ergo sum. And, if you think that you're not immersed in the very warp and woof of the world on this side of the grave, it's easy enough to understand why you picture the afterlife as something utterly shorn from it.
But of course we never do stand free from the world. Language, the very process by which our minds ponder the world, comes to us from within the world, from others who share it with us. Every notion in our noggins, every observation we optimistically opine to be our own creation, comes to us from our encircling world of circumstance and environment. I think of the undergraduate honors student, who balked at taking a required course in religion, because her parents were closed minded religious bigots. I tried, ever so gently, to suggest that her stance did not reject her family's bigotry. It only reversed the object of scorn.
Catholics have been praying for their dead from the beginning. I've run my fingers on a tomb slab in the Roman Catacombs of Callistus, one of the many, which asks of those passing to pray for the soul of the Christian buried there. We do not pray for our dead because we place limits upon the mercy of God. We pray because we take seriously our enveloping world, which brings souls to birth, forms and follows them, with historical consequences, even into death.
A new industry now exists. Its purpose is to wipe the web of one's now regretted past, so that someone meeting you for the first time—say a potential employer—will not know the you who preceded you. Many of us do deserve a fresh start—in life and on the web—but laundering the Internet record doesn't expunge the self we've become by means of our history.
Through grace, the lazy may have become diligent; the deceitful, honest; and those who once shirked financial responsibility may now be prepared to pay all debts. But grace accomplished this work in history, in the actual experiences of our lives. Or perhaps it did not, which is why those who want to know us want to know our past. The great question remains: has time altered us for better or for worse?
We believe that we were created for life with God. We were created to love God, which is only possible if we can choose not to love God. We don't know if anyone is in hell, but the possibility of hell is a necessary implication of our true freedom vis-à-vis God. Love cannot be coerced.
But what if, in our history, we've chosen God the way we do most everything else, which is to say, imperfectly? Upon death, the person we've become—each day of our lives—truly desires the ultimate truth, beauty and love, which we define as God. We want God, but our history has not made us ready for God. We would be confounded by that much truth, unable to bear such beauty, frustrated by our very inability to return such love.
Then God, in God's mercy, purifies our very history. Not by expunging it, but by transforming it. On this side of the grave, the only thing that can undo the effects of history is more history. Time and space don't exist beyond this world, at least not as we understand them, but a process of purifying them does. And it is for this that we pray.
It's hard not to sympathize with Jennifer Lawrence. She won America's heart, tripping on the stairs, as she ascended to receive her Oscar for Best Actress in "Silver Linings Playbook." And those nude pictures? They were meant for her boyfriend. Celebrity blogger Perez Hilton posted the pics and later removed them, with the lame excuse that he hadn't thought about what he was doing. Sadly, we've grown accustomed to the idea that people are nothing more than a bundle of data, ready for others to exploit. And women's bodies have always been reduced, all too easily, to the status of property.
For better or for worse, the web is us. It enables our valiant search for knowledge and our lamentable tendency to treat each other as objects. The web really is a living world, one that cannot be changed by fiat. It can only be altered in time. Even before the rise of the web, that was always the way of the world. And so the resurrection of Christ doesn't deny death, it doesn't cancel history. It redeems us from both, on this side of the grave and beyond.
Wisdom 3: 1-9 Romans 6: 3-9 John 6: 37-40


text:
Dear Tax Talk, I'm lending a friend $30,000 to start a small business. We have a promissory note that states the terms of repayment and interest.
Continue Reading Below
As far as taxes go, can I write off the full $30,000 in the first year against short-term capital gains? I know this is true for bad debt, but what if the payments are made on time (which hopefully will be the case)?
I would prefer to write off the whole amount in year one and pay tax on the full monthly payments rather than just paying taxes on interest throughout the life of the loan while slowly regaining the principal. Can I claim a bad debt write-off right away?
-- Cody
Dear Cody, It seems like you have opposing objectives here. You'd like to get repaid, but you'd rather have an immediate write-off without even trying to get paid. Well, I can tell you the latter won't happen that easily. To claim a bad debt write-off, you have to go through some hoops.
When you lend money to a friend, you must have a clear intention the loan will be repaid. Otherwise, it would be considered a gift. You cannot take a bad debt deduction for a gift. There cannot be a bad debt unless there is a true creditor-debtor relationship between you and the person or company that owes you the money. This means you should set up some substance to the loan such as invoicing for the loan payments, sending email reminders and charging penalties for late payment. If the loan does go south, you should make genuine attempts to collect the debt such as turning over the matter to an attorney.
Until you determine the debt to be worthless, you cannot claim a deduction. You do not have to get a court judgment to show the worthlessness of the debt if you can show the judgment would be unnecessary -- for example, if the debtor were to be worthless, bankrupt or out of business.
For these reasons, you cannot claim the loss at your own choosing.
To ensure compliance with requirements imposed by the IRS, we inform you that any U.S. federal tax advice contained in this communication (including any attachments) is not intended or written to be used, and cannot be used, for the purpose of (i) avoiding penalties under the Internal Revenue Code or (ii) promoting, marketing or recommending to another party any transaction or matter addressed herein. Taxpayers should seek professional advice based on their particular circumstances.


text:
Eames Shell Chair Replica
In addition to a stylish appearance, your home ought to be offering for the coziness, in addition to Eames Shell Chair Replica photograph gallery can be a excellent drive for the really and comfortable buildings. Eames Shell Chair Replica photo gallery carries graphics with residences by means of exceptional patterns. When you desire ways to generate a completely new dwelling, you should utilize this Eames Shell Chair Replica graphic stock being a useful resource. Eames Shell Chair Replica photo collection provides many facts designed to help you opt your private techniques to produce property. Some of the facts contained in Eames Shell Chair Replica pic gallery are prepared to pick, and they will help your house be even more appealing. Through the modest depth so that you can the real key, you can get yourself these with Eames Shell Chair Replica graphic gallery very easily. People suggest Eames Shell Chair Replica pic stock on your behalf since it only just provides each most effective designs with globally. By way of mastering Eames Shell Chair Replica image gallery lower, you are much more stimulated.
As noun
Charles, –, U
furniture designer and architectDictionary
com UnabridgedBased on the Random House Dictionary, © Random House, Inc
Cite This SourceExamples from the Web for Eames Expand Contemporary Examples
Sixty-some years later, people are still plunking themselves down in the ever-popular Eames chairs
Most Bonkers Chairs at Pop Art Design in London Chloë Ashby October , Historical Examples
The one was Jowett; the other, an older, stouter man, must be Farmer Eames
Great Uncle Hoot-Toot Mrs
She was not so cross as she might have been, and Mrs
Eames had not yet appeared
Great Uncle Hoot-Toot Mrs
I hope you will aid me in persuading Mrs
Eames to come with you
As I Remember Marian Gouverneur
Sir Evelyn took no more interest in Mrs
Eames than he did in the vicar
The Smuggler's Cave George A
It's not to be expected that you would know Mrs
Eames or the vicar
The Smuggler's Cave George A
Eames was wise enough to know this, but also wise enough to pretend she did not
The Smuggler's Cave George A
Eames was a little downcast, but bore her disappointment well
The Smuggler's Cave George A
"Exactly what I don't want to have said about poor Timothy," said Mrs
The Smuggler's Cave George A
He had hitherto been obstinately opposed to all Mrs
Eames's activities
The Smuggler's Cave George A
BirminghamWord Origin and History for Eames Expand
As noun
a hard outer covering of an animal, as the hard case of a mollusk, or either half of the case of a bivalve mollusk
any of various objects resembling such a covering, as in shape or in being more or less concave or hollow
the material constituting any of various coverings of this kind
the hard exterior of an egg
the usually hard, outer covering of a seed, fruit, or the like, as the hard outside portion of a nut, the pod of peas, etc
a hard, protecting or enclosing case or cover
an attitude or manner of reserve that usually conceals one's emotions, thoughts, etc
:One could not penetrate his shell
a hollow projectile for a cannon, mortar, etc
, filled with an explosive charge designed to explode during flight, upon impact, or after penetration
a metallic cartridge used in small arms and small artillery pieces
a metal or paper cartridge, as for use in a shotgun
a cartridgelike pyrotechnic device that explodes in the air
shells, Italian Cookery
small pieces of pasta having the shape of a shell
the lower pastry crust of a pie, tart, or the like, baked before the filling is added
a program providing a menu-driven or graphical user interface designed to simplify use of the operating system, as in loading application programs
any of up to seven energy levels on which an electron may exist within an atom, the energies of the electrons on the same level being equal and on different levels being unequal
a group of nucleons of approximately the same energy
a light, long, narrow racing boat, for rowing by one or more persons
the outer part of a finished garment that has a lining, especially a detachable lining
a woman's sleeveless blouse or sweater, especially one meant for wear under a suit jacket
the plating, planking, or the like, covering the ribs and forming the exterior hull of a vessel
tortoiseshell (def )
a mollusk
the curved solid forming a dome or vault
an arena or stadium covered by a domed or arched roof
a saucer-shaped arena or stadium
the framework, external structure, or walls and roof of a building:After the fire, only the shell of the school was left
a small glass for beer
the metal, pressure-resistant outer casing of a fire-tube boiler
a scab on the surface of an ingot
a length of unfinished tubing
a pierced forging
a hollow object made by deep drawing
As verb (used with object)
to take out of the shell, pod, etc
; remove the shell of
to separate (Indian corn, grain, etc
) from the ear, cob, or husk
to fire shells or explosive projectiles into, upon, or among; bombard
As verb (used without object)
to fall or come out of the shell, husk, etc
to come away or fall off, as a shell or outer coat
to gather sea shells:We spent the whole morning shelling while the tide was out
As Verb phrases
shell out, Informal
to hand over (money); contribute; pay
As noun
a seat, especially for one person, usually having four legs for support and a rest for the back and often having rests for the arms
something that serves as a chair or supports like a chair:The two men clasped hands to make a chair for their injured companion
a seat of office or authority
a position of authority, as of a judge, professor, etc
the person occupying a seat of office, especially the chairperson of a meeting:The speaker addressed the chair
(in an orchestra) the position of a player, assigned by rank; desk:first clarinet chair
the chair, Informal
electric chair
sedan chair
(in reinforced-concrete construction) a device for maintaining the position of reinforcing rods or strands during the pouring operation
a glassmaker's bench having extended arms on which a blowpipe is rolled in shaping glass
British Railroads
a metal block for supporting a rail and securing it to a crosstie or the like
As verb (used with object)
to place or seat in a chair
to install in office
to preside over; act as chairperson of:to chair a committee
to carry (a hero or victor) aloft in triumph
As verb (used without object)
to preside over a meeting, committee, etc
As Idioms
get the chair, to be sentenced to die in the electric chair
take the chair, to begin or open a meeting
to preside at a meeting; act as chairperson
As noun
a copy or reproduction of a work of art produced by the maker of the original or under his or her supervision
any close or exact copy or reproduction
Job some thing classic, you may unite that creative ideas of Eames Shell Chair Replica snapshot collection with all your suggestions. Your property should make up your persona, and for that reason you will want to the right gifts portions of Eames Shell Chair Replica graphic stock which often definitely meet your personal choice. Glance at the space you might have previous to following the sun and rain with Eames Shell Chair Replica graphic gallery. Having a property by having a breathtaking style and design is simply not convenient, nonetheless by using just reviewing this Eames Shell Chair Replica graphic collection, it is possible to style and design your personal property effortlessly. As a result of swift progress for the design, you must use a pattern that is beautiful enjoy within Eames Shell Chair Replica image stock which means your your home may well constantly look modern. Like finding a wife, you will want to discover the suggestions with Eames Shell Chair Replica picture stock by using maximum consideration. Since you also might stay home within several years, just purchase a process you with Eames Shell Chair Replica graphic collection.
Eames Shell Chair Replica Pictures Collection
Related Images of Eames Shell Chair Replica
Popular Posts
- coral gables furniture stores
Res: 660 x 540
Size: 74 KB
- maurice villency furniture showroom
Res: 674 x 768
Size: 55 KB
- rubber duck table decorations
Res: 1352 x 1452
Size: 234 KB
- mexican coffee table
Res: 750 x 750
Size: 67 KB
- anthropologie table
Res: 750 x 750
Size: 67 KB
- how to decorate table
Res: 1236 x 695
Size: 147 KB
- black glass shower screen
Res: 600 x 600
Size: 67 KB
- horse themed bathroom decor
Res: 736 x 930
Size: 190 KB
- corner bathroom vanity lowes
Res: 1178 x 1399
Size: 117 KB
Featured Posts
Great Western Furniture Company
September 19, 2017
Floor Stone Shower Pan
September 1, 2017
Yellow Tufted Chair
August 29, 2017
Tree Trunk End Table
September 19, 2017
Kids Bathroom Mirrors
September 2, 2017
Furniture Reupholstery Chicago
September 21, 2017
Single Sink Floating Vanity
September 24, 2017
Brill Furniture
August 30, 2017
Korson Furniture Design
August 30, 2017
Modern Bedroom Wall Colors
September 26, 2017
Hammered Metal Table Lamp
September 12, 2017
How Much For New Countertops
August 30, 2017
Shower Light Fan Combo
August 29, 2017
Vintage Country Kitchen Decor
September 14, 2017
Floating Bathroom Vanities
August 31, 2017
Halloween Room Decorating Ideas
September 8, 2017
Contact Paper Designs
September 16, 2017
Creative Kitchen Backsplash
September 22, 2017
Mexican Coffee Table
September 11, 2017
Iron Desk Legs
September 14, 2017
Infinity Table Lamp
September 16, 2017
Monogrammed Lounge Chair Cover
August 30, 2017
Shabby Chic Furniture Houston
September 22, 2017
Tropical Pool Designs
August 31, 2017
Bathroom Remodeling Houston
September 10, 2017


text:
The World Behind Me, a band from Wichita Falls, TX has released their debut album on bandcamp for free. They're an aggressive pop-punk band with potential, but I can't help but think that their album has more the feel of a demo than an actual album. Here it is; it's called Conditions and you can stream it below.
Add The World Behind Me to My Radar


text:
Bookshelf refresh/
Ever since moving last August, I've wanted to update our Ikea Billy bookcase - we decided to keep it instead of simply replacing it because we needed the storage space for books, dvd's and Ryan's growing board game collection. But I HATED the finish, which I hadn't loved when Ryan brought it from his bachelor pad but had also discolored slightly. I also wanted to add doors, since minimizing the visual clutter would be a huge step in helping our tiny living room feel more spacious. Problem was (or fate intervening?), Ikea doesn't make the Billy or it's doors in the same finish anymore. I could only buy doors in a totally different wood color. So we had to alter the finish somehow. Here's the best "before" picture I can find, from our old apartment, when we kept it in the office...
At first I had planned to paint the shelf and doors, add some trim to the top and sides. I'd even decided to paint it tomato red - but after reading multiple accounts of how difficult it was to paint the fake wood (coats and coats of primer, multiple coats of paint...) I started thinking of other options. After finding a beautiful upholstered bookshelf (see it here), I decided to try fabric. Sure, it's a cheaper, knock-off version of a gorgeous designer shelf, but this isn't a forever piece in any form, so why not have a little fun?
I ordered 7 yards of lightweight linen (I used about 5 yards when all was said and done) and attached it with Mod Podge. Not the fanciest procedure, but very effective. I tested a scrap before ordering the fabric, of course! The real key was thin, even coats that wouldn't soak through the fabric and lots of smoothing.
Outer sides first, shelves next, then inner sides (here's an inside peek).
I even tried to add brass nailhead trim to the doors, but couldn't for the life of me get them straight so I just pried those out and skipped it. I actually like it better without I think.
(Full disclosure: the right door is hanging a little bit crooked and it's driving me CRAZY).
I got the drop pulls from Lee Valley.
I have to say, I love the way the shelf looks. It looks sophisticated and expensive in person. Friends haven't realized it's the same piece of furniture and have to go up and inspect it closely. Best of all, the corner now looks spacious with the busy dvd's and board games hidden. The only downside is that it really escalates my desire for a new sofa (the new one will be charcoal and go with the shelf much better).
What do you think? Would you ever use Mod Podge to cover a piece of cheap furniture with fabric?


text:
This is the 7" sleeve for Elvis Costello's "Tiny Steps." Barney Bubbles was probably the designer, but I'm not positive. Also, this might be the back side of it.
Catherine Wheel: Crank
Option-Click to download
YES! Fantasy rich-people scene. They are hanging out with a Lotus Esprit. Love that woman's shoes. They remind me of ones that my mom had around that time.
Christiana Couceiro, a Spanish collage artist
The first X-ray ever taken. By Wilhelm Roentgen of his wife's hand in 1895
This is an MG, but I'm not sure which model. That roof is the best!


text:
- Keepsake Handprint Tin
- Plush Stork
- Scratch Mittens
- Large Terry Bib
- Link Rattle
- Baby Pacifier
- Baby Socks
- Cotton Onesie
- Printed Cotton Onesie
- Satin Lined Baby Blanket (30x40 inches)
- Keepsake Tin (15 inches)
For the convenience of our customers and to ensure no inconvenience with your recipient, we do not ship invoices along with the gift. We will email them to you directly upon purchase.
A Special Delivery-Boy can be delivered:
- Standard ground shipping 1-5 business days FREE
- 3 Day Express Delivery + $9.90
- 2 Day Express Delivery + $14.90
- Overnight Delivery + $49.00*
- Saturday delivery + $44.95
Exception: HI & AK + $20 (no delivery to Puerto Rico)
*Please note that the price for Overnight Delivery may vary depending on the warehouse or shipping state. You will be notified about that change during Checkout.
You can update desired delivery date and shipping method during checkout!
Orders received by 10 am EDT will be shipped on the same day. Orders placed after that time will be shipped on the next business day.
There are no deliveries on Sunday or public holidays.
Read more about our Shipping & Returns policy.
For a personalized gift that shows that you care in a unique and creative way, consider including the name of the gift recipient.
We will mark your gift with the name of the recipient, and it will make a great keepsake for the person it is intended for!
Please make sure your Personalized items are correct. There are no returns on personalized items.
Personalized Gifts take 2-3 days to process before shipping.
More from:
Read this:
- The Occasion for Sending a Gourmet Gift Basket!
- A Guide to Selecting a Romantic Food Basket!
- Mother's Day: Gift Basket Ideas!
- Best Occasions for Giving a Food Basket!
- Making A Healthy Gift Basket: Useful Tips!
- Choosing a Baby Gift Basket – Show Them How Much You Care!
- ABC's of Funeral and Sympathy Flower Etiquette!
- Visiting a New Neighbor: Gift Ideas!
- What to Give Dad for Father's Day!
Customer Reviews
- Camille Posted on 12/14/2016
4 of 5I did not see it in person, but my recipients were excited about it. This was my first time ordering from amerigiftbaskets and I will be ordering from your company again.
- Lora Posted on 4/14/2016
4 of 5Super service, great value. Easy to order and quicker then trying to send something you create yourself. Your baskets are always full of wonderful items.
- Viola Hill Posted on 7/10/2015
5 of 5When this set arrived to my home I was excited because this was the cutest thing I've ever seen, so I'm glad to have the opportunity to review it! I can't wait for my expecting son using this extra soft blanket and cuddling this lovely lambie! I fell in love with it once I saw it and I know he will love it too. This cute toy is so soft and it is just a good size so he can cuddle up with it. The blanket is soft and silky too, it is big enough to cover his legs pretty much. I like that items are easy to clean and of a good quality so I'm sure that my little man will enjoy them for a long time.
- Andrew Gregory Posted on 5/07/2015
4 of 5Amazing!! Excellent value. Great quality. Order was delivered in three days and very cute.
- Jackie Harris Posted on 12/15/2014
5 of 5I liked it so much!!!!!!
- Troy Posted on 3/31/2014
5 of 5The person who I sent it to was very pleased with these items. Thanks!
Personalized Gifts take 2-3 days to process before shipping.
Personalized Gifts take 2-3 days to process before shipping.
for alcohol purchase


text:
I hate that I purchased this system. It was expensive, but the salesman assured me it would pay for itself over time due to the added benefits like using less product, spending less time cleaning.
He also said if I wasn't satisfied, I could return the system within the first six months. All of this was a lie; my products don't last longer, I don't spend any less time cleaning, and the company doesn't offer anything in the way of returns or refunds, satisfied or no. In addition, since installation, my utility bill has more than doubled, so I'm paying even more for it than just the initial cost.
In addition, since the warranties all apply only in my name, I can't even re-sell it at a loss because it will invalidate everything. This purchase was a HUGE mistake and I will make sure I tell everyone I can to avoid this financial trap.
Product or Service Mentioned: Rainsoft Water Conditioning System.
Reason of review: Not as described.
Monetary Loss: $6890.
Preferred solution: Full refund.
I didn't like: Being ripped off, Customer service, Sales tactics, No returns.


text:
Yeh, I have the location folder placed inside a site a site that is defined in Dreamweaver. Noting happens accept the import log. I have used site import for years and is not responding like it normally does.
Your friends over here at WebAssist! These Dreamweaver extensions will assist you in building unlimited, custom websites.
These out-of-the-box solutions provide you proven, tested applications that can be up and running now. Build a store, a gallery, or a web-based email solution.


text:
Batman vs Two-Face trailer: Adam West's final journey as the Caped Crusader
Warner Bros. Animation and DC Entertainment have officially released the trailer for Batman vs. Two-Face, the upcoming animated film featuring Adam West's final reprisal as the titular dark knight. Check it out in the player below!
As the sequel to the 2016 hit animated film Batman: Return of the Caped Crusaders, the all-new Batman vs. Two-Face finds Batman and Robin back in classic 1960s action, protecting Gotham City from some of the most nefarious villains in comics history. But when the mutilated master of multiplicity, Two-Face, begins staging a daring crime wave across Gotham, the Caped Crusaders must work double-time to discover his mysterious secret identity before they can halt his evil-doing – all the while combating the likes of Catwoman, Joker, Riddler, Penguin, Bookworm, Hugo Strange and King Tut!
The late Adam West leads the star-studded cast in his final performance as Batman. The beloved actor delivers an inspired turn opposite fellow pop culture icon William Shatner as the criminally conflicted Harvey Dent/Two-Face. This is only the second production of any kind to feature the two titans of the fanboy realm together. West and Shatner first teamed in the 1963 Alexander The Great television series that never made it past the pilot.
The cast also boasts two more pop culture icons of the 1960s. Burt Ward is back for more "holy" fun as the Boy Wonder himself, Robin, and Tony Award winner Julie Newmar reprises her role as the fiendish feline, Catwoman.
The voice cast includes Jeff Bergman (Joker, Bookworm, Desmond Dumas), Sirena Irwin (Dr. Quinzel), Thomas Lennon (Chief O'Hara), Lee Meriwether (Lucilee Diamond), William Salyers (Penguin), Lynne Marie Stewart (Aunt Harriet), Jim Ward (Hugo Strange, Commissioner Gordon), Steven Weber (Alfred, Two-Face henchmen) and Wally Wingert (Riddler, King Tut).
The core Batman: Return of the Caped Crusaders filmmaking team reprises their roles for Batman vs. Two-Face. Rick Morales (LEGO DC Comics Super Heroes – Justice League: Cosmic Clash) directs from a script by Michael Jelenic (Teen Titans Go!) and James Tucker (Teen Titans: The Judas Contract). Tucker and Jelenic and also Supervising Producer and Producer, respectively. Sam Register is Executive Producer. Benjamin Melniker and Michael Uslan are Executive Producers.
Special Features for Batman vs. Two-Face include:
Batman vs. Two-Face will available October 10, 2017 on Digital and October 17, 2017 on Blu-ray Combo Pack and DVD.