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Tilting at Windmills – A Severe Lack of Reality Dooms Places29 Boondoggle
By. Neil Williamson, President
Sanity may be madness but the maddest of all is to see life as it is and not as it should be. – Don Quixote
The idea of Miguel de Cervantes' fictional Don Quixote character and his passion for seeing the world as it "should be" has been foremost in my mind as Albemarle County's Board of Supervisors is poised to possibly vote on Places29 master plan as early as Wednesday, February 2nd.
To be clear, thanks to the work of the Charlottesville Regional Chamber of Commerce and its North Charlottesville Business Council, the document that is moving forward to approval is significantly better than what passed the Planning Commission 5-2 last year.
Despite those changes, the Free Enterprise Forum contends Places29 should be voted down because it fails to meet the most basic definition of good planning.
The first step in developing any actionable plan is understanding and defining the context of the solution. The plan would consider and identify sources of funding and its availability, identify regulations which must be satisfied, develop a clear time frame for implementation and define the metrics for success.
Initially, Places29 was designed to be a twenty year plan. Finding that time constraint too restrictive, Places29 is now "A Vision Plan":
The Master Plan guides development of the Places29 area by setting forth a vision of the desired ultimate future condition for the area. There is no timeframe for the vision; in fact it may be decades before the area builds out in fulfillment of it.
However, to implement specific Plan recommendations, such as the recommended transportation improvements and community facilities, the plan relies on a 20-year planning horizon. This 20-year period is based, in part, on the longest realistic population projections available to the County. A 20-year period is also consistent with state requirements, the County's Comprehensive Plan, and established planning practice. The Master Plan includes an implementation program that groups recommendations into those that will begin during the first five years, those that will begin during the second five years, and those that will begin during the second ten years of the 20-year implementation timeframe.
OK — so there is no time restriction to the vision plan, but the transportation elements will begin in 20 years – Right????
A year ago, Places29 included significant new taxing authority (the SuperTax) this as well as other "creative" funding solutions have been appropriately removed from the text. The question remains, how will this be funded? Places29 reports:
The implementation projects are scheduled to begin throughout the 20-year implementation timeframe. There are several reasons for this spacing: first, the projects that will support the recommended Priority Areas should begin first. Many of these projects are needed now to serve existing development and to address the backlog of infrastructure needs. Other projects are not expected to be necessary until further development takes place, and some projects are dependent on completion of an earlier one. And, as noted above, many of the projects are dependent on funding that has not been identified or may not be available for several years.
Other areas in the County also have infrastructure needs that must be met and which may be more immediate than some of the needs in the Places29 area. The County will need to balance the needs of all areas with the available funding.
OK – so we don't have an identifiable funding source and when such a source is identified Places29 "The Economic Engine of the County" will need to compete with other areas for the available funding.
As the Free Enterprise Forum reported last month, the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) has started enforcing primary arterial standards on US 29 north of the south fork Rivanna River. This "Catch29" makes it impossible to build some of the road profiles in Places29.
Places29 envisions a more "urban boulevard" than the VDOT standards would allow.
Figure 4.18. A photosimulation showing a local access lane along US 29. photo credit Albemarle County
OK – our understanding of this "Catch29" makes it impossible to build some of the road profiles in Places29.
It is important to note that while we have been an active participant in the Places29 planning process, the Free Enterprise Forum has been a vocal critic of Places29 for many years.
While some of the concerns we highlighted have been removed, like the Supertax, others remain.
Places29 – "Don't know Much about History"
Lack of Citizen Engagement on Places 29
In our analysis, the "plan" provides pretty renderings but fails to recognize reality. Our back of the envelope calculation of the transportation plans costed out in Places29 put the price tag near $200 million dollars. It is important to note these cost do not include ALL the costs required to build out the new urbanist nirvana expressed in the plan and renderings.
We believe Places29 should be denied by Albemarle's Board of Supervisors and this planning boondoggle ended.
But now who's tilting at windmills?
Respectfully Submitted,
Neil Williamson
Neil Williamson is the President of The Free Enterprise Forum, a privately funded public policy organization covering the City of Charlottesville as well as Albemarle, Greene, Fluvanna and Nelson County. For more information visit the website www.freeenterpriseforum.org
Paradoxical Places29 Planning
By. Neil Williamson
As Albemarle County is moving toward a final vote on the North US 29 Master Plan, also known as Places29, The Free Enterprise Forum thought it might be helpful to consider the paradox of the considerable complexity of the Places29 plan and Albemarle's stated desire to encourage development in the North US 29 corridor.
In 1989, Albemarle County enacted its Comprehensive Plan.
That plan had four chapters and contained 276 pages (including two appendixes). This was the document to guide the development of the entire county for ten years.
1989 Comprehensive Plan (left) next to Places 29 (text only)
Fast forward to 2011, Places29 (which only covers the North US 29 Development Area) contains eight chapters with a text of over 130 pages, and appendix of over 200 pages and thirteen technical memorandums of up to 75 pages each.
The real kicker is that within this rather verbose document that has endured a six year gestation period it clearly states the need for even more planning and documents.
The plan calls for two additional small area plans, which the Free Enterprise Forum has called a Planner Employment Act. While the Master Plan acknowledges that there are no funds identified for the development of the small area plans, it contends that these plans are recommended:
In order to coordinate land uses with recommended road improvements and to offer business and property
owners the opportunity to be involved in the design of the road improvements
Is it possible that this recommendation itself illuminates staff's recognition of the lack of property owner involvement in the six year Places29 process?
Beyond the lack of property owner buy in to the process, the over arching theme of Places29 is planning complexity.
While the goal of the Master Plan is to facilitate development in the development area, adding this level of complexity only adds to the cost of the very development Albemarle seeks to encourage.
The Free Enterprise Forum has written extensively about Albemarle's Cost of Complexity regarding the increase in Community Development fees that staff indicated accurately reflected the amount of time it took staff to process an application. Now by adding this additional layer of Master Planning and, perhaps, Small Area Plans one can only expect such fees to continue to escalate.
When a developer pressed on the issue of duplicative and delaying regulations in 2009, they were told by staff:
"Albemarle County is very proud of the time and expense of our development review process"
Since then a new Board of Supervisors has been elected, and a new "business friendly" philosophy has been evident. Will this philosophical shift be enough to stop the insidious growth of government planning known as Places29?
Or will the momentum of six years and over a million dollars spent, carry the day, despite the fundamental flaws?
Only time will tell.
Respectfully Submitted,
Neil Williamson
Neil Williamson is the President of The Free Enterprise Forum, a privately funded public policy organization covering the City of Charlottesville as well as Albemarle, Greene, Fluvanna and Nelson County. For more information visit the website www.freeenterpriseforum.org
Greene County Supervisors Approve School Facilities Project, Reveal Encouraging Financial Standing
By Pauline Hovey
Despite initial hesitation from three supervisors at Tuesday night's (1/25) public hearing, the Greene County Board of Supervisors unanimously approved moving forward on a base $4.7 million proposed school athletics and performing arts facilities project. Supervisors authorized the schools to apply for the loan from the Virginia Public School Authority (VSPA) by the March 11th deadline, with the possibility of increasing that amount to the full $5.3 million requested if the financial concerns of some supervisors are allayed.
For the nearly 11 years this reporter has lived in Greene County and attended public hearings, this marks the first time 100 percent of public comments favored a proposal. No public hesitancy or negative comments were expressed at the hearing held at the Raymond C. Dingledine III Performing Arts Center at William Monroe High School. From business leaders to coaches, from parents to seniors with no children in the school system, every one of the 25 individuals who addressed the board fully supported the project, many of them expressing concern about the safety and condition of existing facilities. Still, three of the five supervisors hesitated for financial reasons, citing uncertainty about future financing from the state and the county's ability to address other anticipated department needs and expansions.
During the Board discussion, however, Supervisor Jim Frydl (Ruckersville) revealed the county has a 20-percent cash reserve, based on a recent auditor's report. "For most counties, having a 10-percent reserve is good, and an accountant's conservative recommendation is to have a 15-percent reserve," Frydl said. "We have money above and beyond that, so we have the ability to make this decision."
Chairman Steve Catalano (at-large) questioned Supervisor Frydl's comments, which resulted in a request for County Administrator Barry Clark to provide further confirmation from the auditors regarding the actual amount of cash held in reserves. Although the exact amount may be questioned, what is evident is that supervisors have been making fiscally responsible decisions, and some residents expressed their appreciation for such decisions, which have put the county in a position to afford the project without raising taxes.
"The cost of the project would fit into the county's existing budget," Frydl noted, adding that the state projections for economic growth are positive, which equates to the potential for budget growth as well. In addition, the county is retiring a school project debt service of $374,000 in the 2011/12 school year budget, and the annual loan payments for the proposed project would be less than the debt that's being retired.
"This is a county facility as well as a school facility, and it is the core responsibility of government to support this type of facility and the standards for safety," Frydl stated before offering his support for the entire project, which includes upgrades to baseball/softball fields and stadium area, as well as rebuilding the high school track, which is severely cracked and hazardous.
This project has been discussed, debated, and revised with many opportunities for public input since it was first proposed last summer. In fact, Chairman Catalano, known for his conservative views, said he was pleased with "the transparency of the project," even though "my #1 concern is savings in debt service." Catalano expressed concern with the Virginia General Assembly possibly cutting state funding to the schools, producing a "state shortfall" in next year's budget. "I agree the facilities enhance the package of Greene County, and I agree something needs to be done," he said before opening the floor for board discussion.
"Financing is as good as we'll ever get. The timing is good. Our budget has been honed for this," Supervisor Carl Schmitt (at-large) offered. "We have the opportunity to do this now before we get other, more pressing school needs coming down on us. In terms of revenue, I'm seeing positive results. Our reserves are up. And we have a good chance of this not being as difficult a revenue year as in the past. In my view, this is a well-defined project, we can afford it, and I urge the supervisors to vote for it."
"My #1 concern is safety," Supervisor Mike Skeens (Monroe) said, indicating he supported the base bid but was concerned about the county's financial standing in lieu of the inability of the former treasurer to reconcile reports monthly. He proposed waiting to receive an updated treasurer's report before determining whether to support the entire project at $5.3 million.
Citing a sluggish economy and concerns about meeting current financial obligations and the expected continued increase in student enrollment, Supervisor Buggs Peyton (Stanardsville district) noted he was against the project, given "the size and scope of the total proposal." He suggested "the project should be revisited" and not be considered "an all or nothing proposal."
Schmitt stated that what's being proposed for upgrades and improvements to the facilities is "at the bottom of the heap," meaning the school administration is "asking for basic facilities that bring us up to at least an acceptable level." He added that the project involves facilities "not just for the schools, but for the community," noting that the Performing Arts Center is "in constant use" by the community, and numerous citizens attend sporting events. "The facilities and programs our schools support are important to the fabric of our community," he said.
Concerned the county would miss the loan application deadline, Schmitt offered a motion to authorize the schools apply for the VPSA loan for the base bid and the supervisors revisit their financial situation at their March 21 meeting, at which time the Virginia legislature will have met, the treasurer's revenues will have been reconciled, and their financial situation should be more certain going forward.
The project's six-member steering committee, which included and encouraged public input in all meetings during the planning process, established priorities by breaking up the project into "must do," "should do," and "would do" items. On the "must do" list are items that unquestionably need upgrading, rebuilding, or replacing. The steering committee was appointed by the Board of Supervisors specifically for the project. Serving on the steering committee were School Board members Darcy Higgins and Michelle Flynn (board chair); Superintendent of Schools David Jeck; Bob Burkholder, a member of the Ruritans and longtime resident; Katie Brunelle, athletics director; and Supervisor Frydl.
Pauline Hovey is the Greene County Field Officer for the Free Enterprise Forum a privately funded public policy organization. If you find this report helpful, please consider supporting the Free Enterprise Forum. To learn more visit www.freeenterpriseforum.org
Fluvanna Supervisors Select Fairchild
By William J. Des Rochers, Fluvanna Field Representative
Fluvanna County's Board of Supervisors unanimously selected Mr. Chris Fairchild (Rivanna District) to fill the unexpired term of Mr. Gene Ott (Rivanna), who resigned. Mr. Fairchild, who was a late entry, is a local businessman, and longtime participant in county activities. Seven individuals vied for the seat.
Fairchild formerly headed the county's Economic Development Commission (EDC) but, according to some, was reluctant to push for an EDC endorsement of the contentious proposal to bring water to Zion Crossroads business area of the county. He is expected to support hiring a full time Economic Development Coordinator, something supervisors have pressed for, but yet to accomplish.
Fairchild became embroiled in a last minute controversy when he was accused of owing the county some $5,000. While he said privately that the tax bills were in error, he paid the disputed amount before the meeting.
The supervisors also voted unanimously to amend its controversial ordinance on the county seal to ensure that it followed the Commonwealth's statute. The vote came after a closed session to discuss implications of a lawsuit filed against the county by. Mr. Bryan Rothamel, the publisher of FlucoBlog.com, charged that the county ordinance infringes on his freedom of speech.
The county Finance Director, Ms. Renee Hoover, reported that the county's revenue collection has improved and that currently collections are stronger than at the beginning of the fiscal year.
By. Neil Williamson, President
While Joseph Heller coined the phrase "Catch-22" in his novel by that name in 1961, the cities of Danville and Lynchburg must certainly believe they are caught in a "Catch-29" regarding their efforts to get around the Charlottesville bottleneck on US 29.
Merriam-Webster defines a Catch-22 as:
1 : a problematic situation for which the only solution is denied by a circumstance inherent in the problem or by a rule also : the circumstance or rule that denies a solution
2 a : an illogical, unreasonable, or senseless situation b : a measure or policy whose effect is the opposite of what was intended c : a situation presenting two equally undesirable alternatives
Virginia's General Assembly has heard for many years the calls from localities south of Charlottesville pleading for a bypass. Interestingly there is a law on the books that seems to speak to Charlottesville's specific situation. Reminding the gentle reader that I am not an attorney, I find this section from Virginia Code § 33.1-39 – Bypasses through or around cities and incorporated towns most interesting:
33.1-44 in any case where a municipality refuses to contribute to the construction of a bypass or an extension or connection of the primary system within said municipality the Commonwealth Transportation Commissioner may construct such bypass or extension and connection without any contribution by the municipality when the Board determines that such bypass or extension and connection is primarily rural in character and that the most desirable and economical location is within said municipality. Any bypass or extension and connection built under this provision shall be maintained by the Commissioner as a part of the primary system and the municipality shall receive no payment for such bypass or extension and connection under § 33.1-41.1.
If the Commonwealth Transportation Commissioner (at the direction of the Commonwealth Transportation Board) could build the bypass, and they have a desire for a Charlottesville bypass [not a foregone conclusion] why hasn't it been done [or at least further discussed]?
Because Federal funding and the Metropolitan Planning Organization. According to the Federal Highway Administration:
What is a Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO)?
A Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) is defined in Federal Transportation Legislation (23 USC 134(b) and 49 USC 5303(c)) as the designated local decision making body that is responsible for carrying out the metropolitan transportation planning process. An MPO must be designated for each urban area with a population of more than 50,000 people (i.e., for each Urbanized Area (UZA) defined in the most recent decennial Census).
Who sits on the policy board for the Charlottesville-Albemarle MPO? The voting members:
- Satyendra Huja, Charlottesville City Council
- Duane Snow, Albemarle County Board of Supervisors
- Kristin Szakos, Charlottesville City Council
- Rodney Thomas, Albemarle County Board of Supervisors
- James Utterback, VDOT Culpeper District Administrator
The "Catch-29" is that the very law designed to work around (pun intended) recalcitrant local officials to put forward state transportation priorities is dependent on local officials approval to gain funding.
With the Defense Intelligence Agency utilizing US 29 for its traffic flow, one might believe the corridor has increased in its strategic importance as a part of the National Highway System. If so, The Free Enterprise Forum is curious when will Federal Officials step in and mandate a bypass be built to ensure traffic throughput is maintained?
Or perhaps with the newly enforced primary arterial VDOT regulations that are in direct conflict with Places29 Vision, they have decided US 29 (at least North of the river crossing) will be designed to maximize transportation functions.
Respectfully Submitted,
Neil Williamson
Neil Williamson is the President of The Free Enterprise Forum, a privately funded public policy organization covering the City of Charlottesville as well as Albemarle, Greene, Fluvanna and Nelson County. For more information visit the website www.freeenterpriseforum.org
CTB Punts on US29 Corridor Study
By. Neil Williamson, President
Virginia's Commonwealth Transportation Board (CTB) has again failed to address the recommendations of their Route 29 Corridor Study subcommittee. This inaction leaves the communities along US29 in limbo regarding the conclusions from the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) $1.5 Million dollar study.
By means of background, the CTB is appointed by the Governor and is charged with establishing the administrative policies of Virginia's transportation policies. The 17 member panel allocates highway funding to specific projects and locates routes. In addition the CTB provides funding for airports, seaports and public transportation.
In December of 2009, the CTB did not care for the Route 29 Corridor Study report they received and sent the consultant back to the drawing board. In their resolution at that time they said, in part:
WHEREAS, the Board, while acknowledging the work of the consultant team, has determined that the process used to develop the Blueprint and recommendation of specific improvements was flawed, in that:
• the Blueprint fails to include several recommendations of the consultant team that were removed prior to presentation to the Board, some of which were apparently initially opposed or favored by the localities affected, which removal the Board views was premature;
The following January, the CTB appointed a subcommittee to get this process to a conclusion. After a series of meetings, the subcommittee recognized they would not be able to meet the CTB's stated deadline, so they requested an extension.
On September 15, 2010 the CTB extended the extended deadline with yet another resolution that read in part:
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Commonwealth Transportation Board does modify the previously approved resolution and hereby directs the Board Subcommittee to continue work on the Board's directives and present its recommendations at the regularly scheduled meeting of the Commonwealth Transportation Board on December 8, 2010.[emphasis added]
In an ironic twist the Charlottesville Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) was scheduled to present to the CTB at their December 8, 2010 meeting.
But somehow, the CTB did not see fit to add the Route 29 Corridor study to its December 8 agenda.
Noting this omission, The Free Enterprise Forum planned to attend the January 19th meeting of the CTB in Richmond to hear the subcommittee report. On January 18th, we were contacted by CTB staff indicating the issue would not be on the January agenda. When pressed, staff was "hopeful" that it would be on the February 16 agenda.
US 29 is a highway of National Significance, The Free Enterprise Forum calls for the Commonwealth Transportation Board to accept or reject their subcommittee's report on the February agenda.
The community deserves better than yet another punt.
Respectfully Submitted,
Neil Williamson
Neil Williamson is the President of The Free Enterprise Forum, a privately funded public policy organization covering the City of Charlottesville as well as Albemarle, Greene, Fluvanna and Nelson County. For more information visit the website www.freeenterpriseforum.org
Greene Planning Commissioners Review CIP Project Requests as County Budget Preparations Loom
By Pauline Hovey, Field Officer
In the midst of Greene County's annual update and review of the Capital Improvement Plan (CIP), the Planning Commission held a public hearing earlier this week on the various departments' project requests. The public offered no input on the CIP, which now moves on to the Board of Supervisors to consider in the annual budget process.
Each department was directed to submit projected needs for the next 10 years, estimating the cost, source of funds, and level of use. Commissioners did not prioritize the items listed, although they did ask questions and offer comments about the extensive items being proposed. Several departments requested new facilities, either because their current facility is outdated, overcrowded, dilapidated, or, as in the case of the Greene County Transit and the Parks and Recreation Department comfort station, nonexistent. In commenting on the Parks and Recreation Dept. requests, Vice Chairman Bill Martin expressed concern about the nonexistent restroom facilities at the park, which is used extensively for sports, social, and community events. "My main concern is health and sanitation," Commissioner Martin said. "I've seen adults and kids out there, they get hot and sweaty, they use the port-a-john, and there's no place for them to wash their hands, and then they eat food. It's really a public health issue." Martin has frequented the park both for exercise and in his capacity as a Ruritan, and he recalls selling food during one fundraiser when he witnessed children using the port-a-john and coming over to buy food afterwards.
Cost for the comfort station is estimated at $120,000, which was based on bids the department received several months ago and are now invalid. Additional needs and requests for the upcoming fiscal year include $20,000 for a generator for the Stanardsville Fire Department; $87,200 for upgrades to the county administration building, which includes the cost of installing fire alarms that currently do not exist; $1.5 million for a new building for the Rescue Squad, which is housed in a converted old home that is outdated and inefficient and cannot accommodate all the rescue vehicles currently owned; $3.475 million for county infrastructure projects such as extending well and water impoundment resources; $250,000 for the Economic Development Authority to upgrade high-speed Internet in the business park; and $5.3 million for the schools facilities project, which will be the subject of a public hearing at the Board of Supervisors meeting on January 25.
In its request for a new building, the Sheriff's department suggested merging the sheriff's office with other departments in need of new facilities to save the county money. "Thinking strategically, I think the sheriff is onto something," Commissioner Martin said. "Maybe the county needs to look at consolidating multiple departments under one or fewer roofs than is being offered."
Several departments did not provide the requested information for the CIP. These included the Animal Shelter, Commissioner of Revenue, Registrar, Free Clinic, Solid Waste, and Virginia Department of Health. Chairman Norman Slezak noted, "We have a big hole with these departments missing, and I would hate to send this forward without that information."
The commissioners are not responsible for establishing priorities or making suggestions in their CIP review. They simply recommended to move the CIP forward with their comments to the Board of Supervisors. "It's our job to just review the CIP for consistencies and inconsistencies and make sure it jives with the comprehensive plan," Martin explained. It will now be in the hands of the supervisors as to how to use this information going forward in the budget process.
VDOT Puts the Brakes on Places29?
By. Neil Williamson, President
After over 6 years of study, Albemarle County's Master Plan for the North US 29 Development areas (Places29) is headed to a vote, possibly as early as February 2nd. At the same time the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) has informed land owners and Albemarle County of its intention to enforce design guidelines that will make the Places29 Vision impossible to achieve.
How, and why, after 1.2 million dollars of study ($400,000 VDOT money), does VDOT leave Places29 at the altar?
It is an example of "Vision Collision".
Please let me explain.
Places29 envisions US 29 as:
Pedestrian activity in an area designated Urban Frontage is different for US 29 than on other Entrance Corridor streets. On US 29, pedestrian activity is focused primarily on access to mass transit, as well as the ability to walk safely and conveniently for short distances along the corridor. The expected US 29 Urban Frontage condition is illustrated in Figure 7.3 below.
Figure 7.3. A cross section of US 29 showing an Urban Frontage. Note that an 8 – 12 foot
pedestrian path may be substituted for the sidewalk on one side.
VDOT sees the roads primary responsibility for moving vehicular traffic. To that end they are now requiring developers use the "Geometric Design Standard for Urban Principal Arterial System (GS-5)" for the US 29 corridor north of the South Fork Rivanna River bridge. Such a road is to be designed for either 50 mph (North to Airport Road) or 60 mph (North of Airport Road).
At the heart of the issue is VDOT's 2005 road classification map that defined US 29 as an Urban Principal Arterial which is what defines the standards to which US 29 must be constructed.
Other important design requirements include: a prohibition of utilities from being placed under the main travel lanes (a water/sewer line currently runs through US29 median), paved shoulders of 8' on each side of each travel way, a minimum of 6' ditch on either side of each travel way, to provide the required "clear zone".
The term "clear zone" is used to describe the unobstructed, traversable area provided beyond the edge of the traveled way for the recovery of an errant vehicle. The clear zone includes shoulders, bike lanes, parking lanes and auxiliary lanes (except those auxiliary lanes that function like through lanes). Clear zone distances are based upon traffic volume, speed, and embankment slopes.
A recoverable area is to be provided that is clear of all unyielding obstacles such as trees, sign supports, utility poles, light poles, or any other fixed objects that might severely damage an out-of-control vehicle (See 2004 AASHTO A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, Chapter 5). Determining a practical clear zone often involves a series of compromises between absolute safety, engineering judgment, environmental and economic
constraints. Additional information is available in AASHTO's Roadside Design Guide.
When establishing a full-width clear zone in an urban area is not practical due to right of way constraints, consideration should be given to establishing a reduced clear zone or incorporating as many clear zone concepts as practical such as removing roadside objects or making them crashworthy. The minimum requirement for this scenario is 1.5 ft. lateral offset. [Emphasis added – nw]
In another "Vision Collision", Places29 foresees curb and gutter with street trees along most portions of US 29. VDOT's standards clearly discourage such development and wants to see light poles and other utilities pushed to the other side of the sidewalk:
Whenever adequate right of way is available, urban projects should be designed with shoulders in lieu of curbs (unless city ordinances require otherwise) and clear zone widths should be consistent with the requirements for roadways with shoulders. (See 2004 AASHTO "A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets", Chapter 7). The justification for providing a curb is to be documented in the project file (e.g. Preliminary Field Inspection Report, recommendation from Right of Way and Utilities Division, etc.).
High-Speed Roadways with curb
For roadways with design speeds of > 50 mph, curb should ONLY be utilized in special situations. These situations may include, but are not limited to the following:
– Drainage considerations
– Need for access control
– Right of way restrictions
Source: AASHTO Green Book, Chapter 4
When necessary to utilize curb on a roadway with a design speed > 50 mph for one of the situations listed above, the minimum lateral offset distance is 1.5 feet measured from the face of curb. However, consideration should be given to providing more than the minimum lateral offset to obstructions (signs, utility poles, luminaire supports, fire hydrants, etc. including breakaway devices), where practical, by placing fixed objects behind the sidewalk.
After checking with a transportation engineer source familiar with VDOT regulations we were told,
North of the South Fork Rivanna Bridge, due to speed limit of 50 to 60 mph mountable curb (CG-7) would be required along the throughway and so the only way you'll get away with the 1.5' lateral offsite to any obstruction that is not "breakway" is with the installation of guardrail prior to the obstruction.
How many Places29 renderings included significant guardrail?
To be clear if VDOT and Places29 are in conflict, how would a developer get relief?
The Free Enterprise Forum understands that any reduction in standard would be considered a reduction in safety of the road, the approval of any waiver rests not with Albemarle County but with the State Location and Design Engineer and perhaps the Federal Highway Administration because the road is on the National Highway System inventory.
So why now? Why is VDOT enforcing this design standard?
Some have conjectured this new push for throughput on US 29 is based on a realization by upper VDOT management that the US 29 Bypass is not going to happen. If there is no bypass, there is no alternate route if US 29 becomes blocked, thus the new "clear zone" widened shoulder will permit traffic to flow even in the event of a traffic incident.
Where does this leave Places29?
The Free Enterprise Forum is concerned the Albemarle County Board of Supervisors are so sick of discussing Places29 that they may pass it on as early as February 2nd.
If the Albemarle Board of Supervisors does pass Places29, without fundamental changes (including real consideration of a bypass option), we believe VDOT will continue to press the arterial standards. If forced to meet this "new" standard, many approved developments may not be able to be achieved.
Places29 will then be nothing more than an expensive book of pretty pictures that hindered rather than enhanced development opportunities in the development areas.
Maybe that was the idea all along.
Respectfully Submitted,
Neil Williamson
Neil Williamson is the President of The Free Enterprise Forum, a privately funded public policy organization covering the City of Charlottesville as well as Albemarle, Greene, Fluvanna and Nelson County. For more information visit the website www.freeenterpriseforum.org
Want to Increase Walkability? Get Rid of the Cars
By. Neil Williamson
The lead of the January 9th Washington Post article was enough to give anyone pause:
Fairfax County residents will have a harder time finding a free parking space in some neighborhoods, if transportation planners get their way.
The article outlines a proposal to create a maximum limit for number of spaces in new commercial and residential developments near Metro stations. The rationale given is these generally high density Transit-Oriented-Developments (TOD) don't need parking – everyone should take the train. Therefore the local government, not the market, is seeking to severely restrict the number of parking spaces a developer may choose to provide for a project.
Under the current ordinances a new town home must have at least 2.75 parking spaces per dwelling. Under the draft recommendations, parking would be limited to 1.75 spaces per dwelling unit. [emphasis added – nw]
By means of background, Fairfax County has a population of about a million people and covers roughly 400 square miles.
Stewart Schwartz, Executive Director of the Coalition for Smarter Growth is quoted in the article:
We often like to say that too much parking can be a traffic magnet. If we're going to address traffic and make a walkable community in Fairfax, its important to get the parking right."
The Free Enterprise Forum believes that the new planning goal is to limit transportation choices for citizens. By forcing developers to limit parking options, the planners behind this proposal believe they are funneling people into mass transit; they're wrong. The lack of parking will lead to an increase in illegal parking (often on the skinny roads favored by New Urbanism) creating a safety issue and therefore a new citizen demand for parking enforcement.
To be deemed a success, this new parking proposal will limit consumer transportation choices thus increasing walkability and transit use. Such logic reminds me of the philosophy of comedian Stephen Wright who famously said:
"Anywhere is walking distance, if you've got the time."
Respectfully Submitted,
Neil Williamson
Neil Williamson is the President of The Free Enterprise Forum, a privately funded public policy organization covering the City of Charlottesville as well as Albemarle, Greene, Fluvanna and Nelson County. For more information visit the website www.freeenterpriseforum.org
Greene County Voters Turn Out for Special Election
By Pauline Hovey, Field Officer
On a frigid day riddled with snowflakes, nearly one-quarter of Greene County residents turned out to vote in a special election held in the aftermath of former treasurer Gail Berry's resignation last September.
With more than 60 percent of the vote, Stephanie Allen Deal, a native of Greene County and a Certified Public Accountant with 20 years of accounting experience, easily won over six other contenders. Many citizens seemed surprised by the overwhelming majority of votes she received in a field that included many prominent Greene County family names.
"I was surprised at the lopsided nature of the results," said Supervisor Carl Schmitt (at-large). "I expected a greater distribution of votes." But no matter the imbalanced results, Schmitt and his fellow board members are pleased to have this critical position filled. "It certainly helps the board to know we have a new treasurer and will be able to put the energy and attention to that office," he said.
With allegations that the previous treasurer had not been reconciling accounts on a monthly basis, Deal can expect the Board of Supervisors to monitor her office for accountability right from the start. Supervisors already have hinted at previous meetings they would require certain financial statements once the position was filled and are anxious to reconcile accounts. "There has been a bit of uncertainty because of the unreconciled reports," Schmitt said. "This position is critical to our county. Without the ability to collect revenue, pay bills, and keep track of finances, any business will get into deep trouble. We need this job to be done ethically, reliably, and well, so it's really important who we have in that position."
In terms of experience, Ms. Deal currently holds the position of assistant controller at the Darden School Foundation and has a B.S. degree from the University of Virginia's McIntire School of Commerce. She will serve as treasurer until November of this year, when Greene County residents will again elect a Treasurer, this time to serve a full four-year term. At that time, residents will also be electing the Commonwealth Attorney, the Commissioner of Revenue, the Sheriff, three School Board members, and three Board of Supervisors members whose terms will be expiring.
"All in all, I was very proud of the county, the way it conducted itself in this election, and the way our candidates conducted themselves," Supervisor Schmitt added. "The candidates' forum couldn't have been better in terms of its structure and the way our residents handled themselves in terms of the questions asked. It was an example of a good form of democracy at work."
According to Virginia's State Compensation Board:
Virginia's city and county Treasurers are the chief financial officers for their localities, collecting taxes and local fees, and making payments on behalf of the local government. The Treasurer is responsible for every form of revenue which comes to his or her locality including:
- Real estate taxes
- Personal property taxes
- License taxes
- Water and sewage charges
- Permit fees
- State income tax
- Court, Sheriff and Clerk fees
Treasurers also manage the investment of local funds and maintain records of local finances.
The elected post of Treasurer was created in the Virginia Constitution of 1870. The Treasurer's independent status as an elected official ensures that local funds will be collected, invested and spent by an officer who reports directly to the people.


text: my new mac encounters this problem frequently. more frequently with vmware fusion. when my windows vista is up; my whole screen went dim and a box comes up with this message: you need to restart your computer. hold down the power button for several seconds or press the restart button. french translation german translation japanese tranlation do anyone out there encounter this problem? i wonder it is the problem with the vmware or with my mac? what can i do solve this problem? thanks

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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This journey will be on my thoughts on the book and how I'm going to reflect it on my life.
Till Next time,
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Share your Project Management Experiences at UMD's 5th Annual Symposium – Abstract Deadline is November 19th
13 October 2017 – College Park, Md. USA – The University of Maryland's Project Management Center for Excellence has issued their call for papers and presentations for the 5th Annual University of Maryland Project Management Symposium. The conference will take place 10-11 May 2018 at the University of Maryland campus in College Park.
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Supporting the theme, "Turning Knowledge into Practice," project management professionals from the Baltimore-Washington area and abroad will come together to share best practices and lessons learned, plus discover the latest advances in project management. The 2017 Symposium welcomed its largest-ever audience with more than 330 experts from industry, government, and academe from all areas of the world. The 2018 event should be larger yet.
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If speaking at the event is not of interest, you are encouraged to attend the Symposium instead. Registration for the event is now open. For more information on the 2018 event, please visit the University of Maryland's Project Management Symposium website.
The University of Maryland A. James Clark School of Engineering Project Management Center for Excellence's mission is to provide high quality, challenging education in project management that encompasses breadth and depth, preparing graduates to be proficient as both contributing members of project teams and excellent project managers, to maintain a strong research program recognized for excellence in project management, and to provide project management training and development services to the University, the profession, and the community at large. Their academic program was the first program in an engineering school to be accredited by the Project Management Institute's (PMI) Global Accreditation Center. Visit www.pm.umd.edu.
Editor's note: The UMD campus can be reached by Metro from Washington, DC. This is a good conference with world-class presentations, educational content and networking opportunities. The PM World Journal endorses and acts as media partner for this event.


text: EN User manual Cooker ZCV48300BA ZCV48300XA ZCV48300WA Contents Safety information _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 Safety instructions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 Product description _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 Before first use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 Hob - Daily use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 Hob - Helpful hints and tips _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 Hob - Care and cleaning _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 Oven - Daily use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 Oven - Clock functions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 Oven - Helpful hints and tips _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Oven - Care and cleaning _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ What to do if… _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Installation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Environment concerns _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ GREAT BRITAIN & IRELAND - Guarantee/ Customer Service _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ European Guarantee _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 16 18 19 20 20 21 Subject to change without notice. Safety information Before the installation and use of the appliance, carefully read the supplied instructions. The manufacturer is not responsible if an incorrect installation and use causes injuries and damages. Always keep the instructions with the appliance for future reference. Children and vulnerable people safety Warning! Risk of suffocation, injury or permanent disability. • This appliance can be used by children aged from 8 years and above and persons with reduced physical, sensory or mental capabilities or lack of experience and knowledge if they are supervised by an adult or a person who is responsible for their safety. • Do not let children play with the appliance. Children under 3 years must not be left unsupervised in the vicinity of the appliance. • Keep all packaging away from children. • Keep children and pets away from the appliance when it operates or when it cools down. Accessible parts are hot. • If the appliance has a child safety device, we recommend that you activate it. • Cleaning and user maintenance shall not be made by children without supervision. 2 www.zanussi.com General Safety • The appliance and its accessible parts become hot during use. Do not touch the heating elements. • Do not operate the appliance by means of an external timer or separate remote-control system. • Unattended cooking on a hob with fat or oil can be dangerous and may result in fire. • Never try to extinguish a fire with water, but switch off the appliance and then cover flame e.g. with a lid or a fire blanket. • Do not store items on the cooking surfaces. • Do not use a steam cleaner to clean the appliance. • Metallic objects such as knives, forks, spoons and lids should not be placed on the hob surface since they can get hot. • Do not use harsh abrasive cleaners or sharp metal scrapers to clean the glass door since they can scratch the surface, which may result in shattering of the glass. • If the glass ceramic surface is cracked, switch off the appliance to avoid the possibility of electric shock. • Ensure that the appliance is switched off before replacing the lamp to avoid the possibility of electric shock. • The means for disconnection must be incorporated in the fixed wiring in accordance with the wiring rules. • If the supply cord is damaged, it must be replaced by the manufacturer, an authorized Service or similarly qualified persons in order to avoid a hazard. Safety instructions Installation Warning! Only a qualified person must install this appliance. • Remove all the packaging. • Do not install or use a damaged appliance. www.zanussi.com • Obey the installation instruction supplied with the appliance. • Always be careful when you move the appliance because it is heavy. Always wear safety gloves. • Do not pull the appliance by the handle. 3 • Keep the minimum distance from the other appliances and units. • Make sure that the appliance is installed below and adjacent safe structures. • The sides of the appliance must stay adjacent to appliances or to units with the same height. • Do not install the appliance on a platform. • Do not install the appliance adjacent to a door or under a window. This prevents hot cookware to fall from the appliance when the door or the window is opened. Warning! Make sure to install a stabilizing means in order to prevent tipping of the appliance. Refer to Installation chapter. Electrical connection Warning! Risk of fire and electrical shock. • All electrical connections should be made by a qualified electrician. • The appliance must be earthed. • Make sure that the electrical information on the rating plate agrees with the power supply. If not, contact an electrician. • Always use a correctly installed shockproof socket. • Do not use multi-plug adapters and extension cables. • Make sure not to cause damage to the mains plug and to the mains cable. Contact the Service or an electrician to change a damaged mains cable. • Do not let mains cables to come in touch with the appliance door, specially when the door is hot. • The shock protection of live and insulated parts must be fastened in such a way that it cannot be removed without tools. • Connect the mains plug to the mains socket only at the end of the installation. Make sure that there is access to the mains plug after the installation. 4 • If the mains socket is loose, do not connect the mains plug. • Do not pull the mains cable to disconnect the appliance. Always pull the mains plug. • Use only correct isolation devices: line protecting cut-outs, fuses (screw type fuses removed from the holder), earth leakage trips and contactors. • The electrical installation must have an isolation device which lets you disconnect the appliance from the mains at all poles. The isolation device must have a contact opening width of minimum 3 mm. Use Warning! Risk of injury, burns or electric shock. • Use this appliance in a household environment. • Do not change the specification of this appliance. • Make sure that the ventilation openings are not blocked. • Do not let the appliance stay unattended during operation. • Deactivate the appliance after each use. • Internally the appliance becomes hot when in operation. Do not touch the heating elements that are in the appliance. Always use oven gloves to remove or put in accessories or ovenware. • Be careful, when you open the appliance door while the appliance is in operation. Hot air can release. • Do not operate the appliance with wet hands or when it has contact with water. • Do not apply pressure on the open door. • Do not use an external timer or a separate remote-control system to operate the appliance. • Always keep the appliance door closed when the appliance is in operation. • Do not put cutlery or saucepan lids on the cooking zones. They become hot. • Set the cooking zone to "off" after use. www.zanussi.com • Do not use the appliance as a work surface or as a storage surface. • If the surface of the appliance is cracked, disconnect immediately the appliance from the power supply. This to prevent an electrical shock. Warning! Risk of fire or explosion. • Fats and oil when heated can release flammable vapours. Keep flames or heated objects away from fats and oils when you cook with them. • The vapours that very hot oil releases can cause spontaneous combustion. • Used oil, that can contain food remnants, can cause fire at a lower temperature than oil used for the first time. • Do not put flammable products or items that are wet with flammable products in, near or on the appliance. • Do not let sparks or open flames to come in contact with the appliance when you open the door. • Open the appliance door carefully. The use of ingredients with alcohol can cause a mixture of alcohol and air. • Do not try to extinguish a fire with water. Disconnect the appliance and cover the flame with a lid or a fire blanket. Warning! Risk of damage to the appliance. • To prevent damage or discoloration to the enamel: – Do not put ovenware or other objects in the appliance directly on the bottom. – Do not put aluminium foil directly on the bottom of the appliance. – do not put water directly into the hot appliance. – do not keep moist dishes and food in the appliance after you finish the cooking. – be careful when you remove or install the accessories. www.zanussi.com • Discoloration of the enamel has no effect on the performance of the appliance. It is not a defect in the sense of the warranty law. • Use a deep pan for moist cakes. Fruit juices cause stains that can be permanent. • Do not keep hot cookware on the control panel. • Do not let cookware to boil dry. • Be careful not to let objects or cookware fall on the appliance. The surface can be damaged. • Do not activate the cooking zones with empty cookware or without cookware. • Do not put aluminium foil on the appliance. • Cookware made of cast iron, aluminium or with a damaged bottom can cause scratches on the glass ceramic. Always lift these objects up when you have to move them on the cooking surface. Care and Cleaning Warning! Risk of injury, fire or damage to the appliance. • Before maintenance, deactivate the appliance and disconnect the mains plug from the mains socket. • Make sure the appliance is cold. There is the risk that the glass panels can break. • Replace immediately the door glass panels when they are damaged. Contact the Service. • Be careful when you remove the door from the appliance. The door is heavy! • Clean regularly the appliance to prevent the deterioration of the surface material. • Remaining fat or food in the appliance can cause fire. • Clean the appliance with a moist soft cloth. Only use neutral detergents. Do not use abrasive products, abrasive cleaning pads, solvents or metal objects. • If you use an oven spray, obey the safety instructions on the packaging. • Do not clean the catalytic enamel (if applicable) with any kind of detergent. 5 Internal light • The type of light bulb or halogen lamp used for this appliance, is only for household appliances. Do not use it for house lighting. Warning! Risk of electrical shock. • Before replacing the lamp, disconnect the appliance from the power supply. • Only use lamps with the same specifications. Disposal Warning! Risk of injury or suffocation. • Disconnect the appliance from the mains supply. • Cut off the mains cable and discard it. • Remove the door catch to prevent children and pets to get closed in the appliance. Service • Contact the Service to repair the appliance. We recommend only the use of original spare parts. Product description General overview 1 2 3 8 3 2 1 4 5 1 Control panel and hob 2 Air vents for the cooling fan 3 Heating element 4 Rating plate 5 Oven lamp 6 Fan and heating element 7 Shelf positions of the main oven 8 Shelf positions of the top oven 7 5 4 3 5 6 2 1 6 www.zanussi.com Cooking surface layout 1 3 2 145 mm 1 Cooking zone 1200 W 2 Steam outlet 180 mm 3 Cooking zone 1700 W 4 Cooking zone 1200 W 180 mm 145 mm 6 5 5 Residual heat indicator 6 Cooking zone 1700 W 4 Control panel 1 2 3 6 4 1 5 Accessories • Deep grill roasting pan To bake and roast or as pan to collect fat. • The roasting pan grid 1 Knobs for the hob 2 Knob for the top oven functions 3 Electronic programmer 4 Knob for the main oven functions 5 Main oven temperature indicator 6 Top oven temperature indicator To put in the deep roasting pan. • Oven shelf For cookware, cake tins, roasts. Before first use Warning! Refer to the Safety chapters. Press the + or - button to set the correct time. Initial Cleaning • Remove all parts from the appliance. • Clean the appliance before first use. Important! Refer to chapter "Care and Cleaning". Setting the time You must set the time before you operate the oven. When you connect the appliance to the electrical supply or after a power cut, the indicator for the Time of Day function flashes. www.zanussi.com After approximately five seconds, the flashing stops and the display shows the time of day you set. 7 To change the time, press again and again until the indicator for the Time of Day function flashes. You must not set the Duor End function at the same time. ration Preheating Set an oven function and maximum temperature and run an empty oven for 45 minutes, to burn off any residue from the cavity surface. Accessories can become hotter than in normal use. During this period an odour can be emitted. This is normal. Make sure the room is well ventilated. Preheat the two ovens. Heat up one oven at a time. Hob - Daily use Warning! Refer to the Safety chapters. Heat settings Control knob 0 1-6 1. 2. Function Off position Heat settings (1 = lowest heat setting; 6= highest heat setting) Turn the control knob to a necessary heat setting. To complete the cooking process, turn the control knob to the "0" position. Residual heat indicator The residual heat indicator comes on when a cooking zone is hot. Warning! Risk of burns from residual heat! Hob - Helpful hints and tips Warning! Refer to the Safety chapters. Cookware • The bottom of the cookware must be as thick and flat as possible. • Cookware made of enamelled steel and with aluminium or copper bottoms can cause discoloration on glass ceramic surface. Energy saving • If possible, always put the lids on the cookware. • Put cookware on a cooking zone before you start it. • Stop the cooking zones before the end of the cooking time to use residual heat. • The bottom of pans and cooking zones must have the same dimension. Examples of cooking applications Heat setting: Use to: 1 Keeping warm 2 Gentle simmering 3 Simmering 4 Frying / browning 5 Bringing to the boil 6 Bringing to the boil / quick frying / deep-frying Hob - Care and cleaning Warning! Refer to the Safety chapters. Clean the appliance after each use. Always use cookware with clean bottom. 8 Scratches or dark stains on the glass ceramic have no effect on how the appliance operates. www.zanussi.com To remove the dirt: 1. – Remove immediately:melted plastic, plastic foil, and food with sugar. If not, the dirt can cause damage to the appliance. Use a special scraper for the glass . Put the scraper on the glass surface at an acute angle and move the blade on the surface . – Remove after the appliance is sufficiently cool:limescale rings , water rings, fat stains, shiny metallic discolorations. Use a special cleaning agent for glass ceramic or stainless steel. 2. Clean the appliance with a moist cloth and some detergent. 3. At the end rub the appliance dry with a clean cloth. Oven - Daily use Warning! Refer to the Safety chapters. Cooling fan When the appliance operates, the cooling fan switches on automatically to keep the surfaces of the appliance cool. If you switch off the appliance, the cooling fan continues to operate until the appliance cools down. 2. 3. The temperature indicator comes on while the temperature in the appliance increases. To deactivate an oven, turn the knob to the off position. Activating and deactivating the ovens 1. Turn the knob for the top oven or the knob for the main oven to the necessary settings. Top oven functions Oven function 100-250 Application OFF position The appliance is OFF. Oven lamp To illuminate the oven interior. Conventional Cooking This function is particularly suitable for cooking larger quantities of food. Dual Circuit Grill To grill food items in medium quantities in the middle of the shelf. To make toast. Full Grill The full grill element is on. To grill flat food items in large quantities. To make toast. Main oven functions Oven function OFF position www.zanussi.com Application The appliance is OFF. 9 Oven function 100-250 Application Oven lamp To illuminate the oven interior. Defrost To thaw frozen food. The knob for the temperature must be on the OFF position. Thermaflow This function is particularly suitable for cooking larger quantities of food. Grilling set The grilling set includes the roasting pan grid and the deep roasting pan. You can use the roasting pan grid on the two sides. Put the deep roasting pan in the oven at the necessary level. Warning! Risk of burns when removing the accessories from a hot oven. You can use the grilling set to roast larger pieces of meat or poultry on one level: You can use the grilling set to grill flat dishes in large quantities and to toast: Put the roasting pan grid inside the deep roasting pan so that the supports of the oven shelf point upwards. Put the roasting pan grid inside the deep roasting pan so that the supports of the oven shelf point downwards. 10 www.zanussi.com Oven - Clock functions Electronic programmer 1 2 1 1 Function indicators 2 Time display 3 Button + 4 Selection button 5 Button - 5 4 3 Clock function Time of day Minute Minder Duration End Application To set, change or check the time of day. To set a countdown time. An acoustic signal sounds after the time period is completed. This function has no effect on the operation of the oven. To set how long the appliance must operate. To set when the appliance must be deactivated. You can use Duration and End at the same time to set the time when the appliance must be activated and then deacti, then End . vated. First set Duration Setting the clock functions 1. For Duration and End , set an oven function and temperature. This is not nec. essary for the Minute Minder 2. Press the Selection button again and again until the indicator for the necessary clock function flashes. 3. Press + or - to set the necessary clock function. The display shows the indicator for the clock function you set. When the set time ends, the indicator flashes and an acoustic signal sounds for two minutes. With the Duration and End functions, the appliance deactivates automatically. 4. www.zanussi.com Press a button to stop the signal. 11 5. Turn the knob for the oven functions and the knob for the temperature to the off position. 2. Press and hold the button -. The clock function goes out after some seconds. Cancelling the clock functions 1. Press the Selection button again and again until the necessary function indicator flashes. Oven - Helpful hints and tips Warning! Refer to the Safety chapters. The temperature and baking times in the tables are guidelines only. They depend on the recipes, quality and quantity of the ingredients used. Caution! Use a Deep grill roasting pan for very moist cakes. Fruit juices can cause permanent stains on the enamel. Top oven The top oven is the smaller of the two ovens. It has 3 shelf levels. Use is to cook smaller quantities of food. It gives especially good results when used to cook fruitcakes, sweets and savoury flants or quiche. Main oven The main oven is particularly suitable for cooking larger quantities of food. Baking General instructions • Your new oven may bake or roast differently to the appliance you had before. Adapt your usual settings (temperature, cooking times) and shelf levels to the values in the tables. • With longer baking times, the oven can be switched off about 10 minutes before the end of baking time, to use the residual heat. When you use frozen food, the trays in the oven can twist during baking. When the trays get cold again, the distortion will be gone. How to use the Baking Tables • We recommend to use the lower temperature the first time. • If you cannot find the settings for a special recipe, look for the one that is almost the same. • Baking time can be extended by 10-15 minutes, if you bake cakes on more than one level. • Cakes and pastries at different heights do not always brown equally at first. If this occurs, do not change the temperature setting. The differences equalize during the baking procedure. Tips on baking Baking results Possible cause Remedy The cake is not browned sufficiently below Incorrect oven level Put the cake on a lower oven level The cake sinks (becomes soggy, lumpy, streaky) Oven temperature too high Use a lower setting The cake sinks (becomes soggy, lumpy, streaky) Baking time is too short Set a longer baking time Do not set higher temperatures to decrease baking times 12 www.zanussi.com Baking results Possible cause Remedy The cake sinks (becomes soggy, lumpy, streaky) Too much liquid in the mixture Use less liquid. Look at the mixing times, specially when you use mixing machines Cake is too dry Oven temperature too low Set a higher oven temperature Cake is too dry Baking time too long Set a shorter baking time Cake does not brown equally Oven temperature too high and baking time too short Set a lower oven temperature and a longer baking time Cake does not brown equally No equal mixture Put the mixture equally on the baking tray Cake does not cook in the baking time set Temperature too low Use a slightly higher oven temperature setting Top Oven Shelf Positions are not critical but ensure that oven shelves are evenly spaced when more than one is used (e.g. shelf positions 1 and 3) Baking Shelf Position Temperature [°C] Approx Cook Time (mins) Biscuits 2 170 - 190 10 - 20 Bread 2 200 - 220 30 - 35 Bread rolls/buns 2 200 - 220 10 -15 Cakes: Small & Queen 2 160 - 180 18 - 25 Cakes: Sponges 2 160 - 175 20 - 30 Cakes: Victoria Sandwich 2 160 -170 18 - 25 Cakes: Madeira 2 140 - 150 75 - 90 Cakes: Rich Fruit 2 140 - 150 120 - 150 Cakes: Gingerbread 2 140 - 150 80 - 90 Cakes: Meringues 2 90 - 100 150 - 180 Cakes: Flapjack 2 160 - 170 25 -30 Cakes: Shortbread 2 130 - 150 45 - 60 Cakes: Apple Pie 2 170 - 180 50 - 60 Casseroles: Beef/Lamb 2 160 -170 150 - 180 Casseroles: Chicken 2 160 - 180 80 - 90 Convenience Foods 2 Fish 2 170 - 190 20 - 30 Fish Pie (Potato Topped) 2 190 - 200 20 - 30 Fruit Pies, Crumbles 2 190 - 200 30 - 50 Food www.zanussi.com Follow manufacturer`s instructions 13 Shelf Position Temperature [°C] Approx Cook Time (mins) Milk Puddings 2 150 - 170 90 -120 Pasta Lasagne etc. 2 170 - 180 40 -50 Pastry: Choux 2 180 - 190 30 - 40 Pastry: Eclairs, Profiteroles 2 180 - 190 30 - 40 Pastry: Flaky/Puff Pies 2 210 - 220 30 - 40 Shortcrusts: Mince Pies 2 190 - 200 15 - 20 Shortcrusts: Meat Pies 2 190 - 210 25 - 35 Shortcrusts: Quiche, Tarts, Flans 2 180 - 200 25 - 50 Scones 3 220 - 230 8 - 12 Shepard`s Pie 2 190 - 200 30 - 40 Souffles 2 170 - 180 20 - 30 Vegetables: Baked Jacket Potatos 2 180 - 190 60 - 90 Vegetables: Roast Potatos 2 180 - 190 60 - 90 Yorkshire Pudding Large 2 220 - 210 25 - 40 Yorkshire Pudding Individual 2 210 - 220 15 - 25 Roasting Meat, Poultry 2 Food Main Oven Shelf Positions are not critical but ensure that oven shelves are evenly spaced See roasting chart when more than one is used (e.g. shelf positions 1 and 3) Baking Temperature [°C] Approx Cook Time (mins) Shelf Position Biscuits 180 - 190 10 - 20 1/3 Bread 190 - 210 30 - 35 2 Cakes: Small & Queen 150 - 170 18 - 25 1/3 Cakes: Sponges 160 - 170 20 - 25 3 Cakes: Madeira 140 - 160 60 - 80 3 Cakes: Rich Fruit 130 - 140 120 - 150 3 Cakes: Christmas 130 - 140 180 - 270 3 Cakes: Apple Pie 160 - 170 50 - 60 3 - Shortbread 130 - 150 45 - 60 1/3 Food 14 www.zanussi.com Temperature [°C] Approx Cook Time (mins) Shelf Position Fish 160 - 180 30 - 40 3 Fruit Pies, Crumbles 170 - 180 30 - 50 3 Milk Puddings 140 - 160 60 - 90 3 Pastry: Choux 180 - 190 30 - 40 3 Pastry: Shortcrust 180 - 190 25 - 35 3 Pastry: Flaky 180 - 190 30 -40 3 Food Pastry: Puff Follow manufacturer`s instructions. Reduce the temperature for Fan oven by 20°C 3 Plate Tarts 180 - 190 25 - 45 Quiches/Flans 170 - 180 25 - 45 3 Scones 210 - 230 8 - 12 1/3 160 - 180 see Roasting Chart 2 Roasting: Meat, Poultry Roasting Roasting dishes • Use heat-resistant ovenware to roast (please read the instructions of the manufacturer). • Large roasting joints can be roasted directly in the deep roasting pan or on the oven 3 shelf above the deep roasting pan. (If present) • Roast lean meats in a roasting tin with a lid. This well keep the meat more succulent. • All types of meat, that can be browned or have crackling, can be roasted in the roasting tin without the lid. Thermaflow or Conventional Cooking (if available) Roasting Meat Beef/Beef boned Mutton/Lamb Pork/Veal/Ham Chicken Temperature [°C] Cooking Time 170 - 190 20-35 minutes per 0.5 kb (1 lb) and 20-30 minutes over 170 - 190 20-35 minutes per 0.5 kb (1 lb) and 25-35 minutes over 170 - 190 30-40 minutes per 0.5 kb (1 lb) and 30-40 minutes over 180 - 200 20-25 minutes per 0.5 kb (1 lb) and 20 minutes over 170 - 190 15-20 minutes per 0.5 kg (1 lb) up to 3.5 kg (7 lb) then 10 minutes per 0.5 kg (1 lb) over 3.5 kg (7 lb) 180 - 200 25-35 minutes per 0.5 kb (1 lb) and 25-30 minutes over 170 -190 35-40 minutes per 0.5 kb (1 lb) and 35-40 minutes over Turkey/Goose Duck Pheasant www.zanussi.com 15 Meat Temperature [°C] Cooking Time 170 - 190 20 minutes per 0.5 kb (1 lb) and 20minutes over Rabbit Grilling Always use the grilling function with maximum temperature setting • Set the grilling set in the shelf level as recommended in the grilling table. • Grill only flat pieces of meat or fish. Important! Always grill with the oven door closed Top Oven - Dual Circuit Grill Always pre-heat the empty oven with the grill functions for 5 minutes. Adjust shelf position and grilling set to suit different thicknesses of food. Grilling Food Shelf Position Grill Time (min) Bacon Rashers 3 5-6 Beefburgers 3 10 - 20 Chicken Joints 2 20 - 40 Chops - Lamb 2-3 15 - 25 Chops - Pork 2-3 20 - 25 Fish - Whole/Trout/Makarel 2 10 - 12 Fillets - Plaice/Cod 2 4-6 Kebabs 2-3 12 - 18 Kidneys - Lamb/Pig 2-3 6 - 10 Sausages 3 20 - 30 Steaks: Rare 3 4-6 Steaks: Medium 3 6-8 Steaks: Well Done 3 12 - 15 Toasted Sandwiches 3 3- 4 Defrosting • Put the food out of the packaging and set it on a plate on the oven shelf. • Do not cover with a plate or bowl. This can extend the time to defrost very much. • Put the oven shelf in the first shelf level from the bottom. Oven - Care and cleaning Warning! Refer to the Safety chapters. • Clean the front of the appliance with a soft cloth with warm water and cleaning agent. 16 • To clean metal surfaces use a usual cleaning agent • Clean the oven interior after each use. Thus you can remove dirt more easily and it does not burn on. www.zanussi.com • Clean stubborn dirt with a special oven cleaner. • Clean all oven accessories (with a soft cloth with warm water and cleaning agent) after each use and let them dry. • If you have nonstick accessories, do not clean them using an aggressive agents, sharp edged objects or dishwasher. It can destroy nonstick coating! Stainless steel or aluminium appliances: Clean the oven door with a wet sponge only. Dry it with a soft cloth. Do not use steel wool, acids or abrasive materials as they can damage the oven surface. Clean the oven control panel with the same precautions Catalytic walls - main oven The main oven walls with a catalytic coating are self-cleaning. They absorb fat which collects on walls while the oven operates. To support this self-cleaning process heat the oven without any food regularly: 1. Open the oven door. 2. Remove all accessories from the oven. 3. Close the door. 4. Set the maximum oven temperature and let the oven operate for 1 hour. 5. Clean the oven cavity with a soft and damp sponge. Caution! Do not attempt to clean catalytic surfaces with oven sprays, abrasive cleaners, soap or other cleaning agents. This may damage the catalytic surface. 2. Push the door trim at both sides to release the clips. Refer to the picture. 3. Remove the glass panels. 1 2 1 To replace the glass obey the procedure in opposite sequence. Cleaning the oven door The door glass on your product can be different in type and shape from what you see in diagrams. The number of glasses can be different. Removing the glass: 1. Push the door trim at one side to remove it. Refer to the picture. 2. Pull up the trim. 3. Remove the glass panels. Discolouration of the catalytic surface has no effect on catalytic properties. Cleaning the top oven glass panels The door glass on your product can be different in type and shape from what you see in diagrams. The number of glasses can be different. Removing the glass: 1. Open the door. www.zanussi.com 17 Before you change the oven lamp: • Switch off the oven. • Remove the fuses in the fuse box or switch off the circuit breaker. A Put a cloth on the bottom of the oven for protection of the oven light and glass cover. 2 1 To replace the glass panels obey the procedure in opposite sequence. Before you lower the trim attach the A trim part to the door. Refer to picture. Replacing the oven lamp 1. You can find the lamp glass cover at the back of the cavity. Turn the lamp glass cover counterclockwise to remove it. 2. Clean the glass cover. 3. Replace the oven lamp with applicable 300°C heat-resistant oven lamp. Important! Use the same oven lamp type. 4. Install the glass cover. Oven lamp Warning! There is a danger of electrical shock! What to do if… Warning! Refer to the Safety chapters. Problem Possible cause Remedy The hob does not operate The heat setting is not set Set the heat setting The oven does not heat up The oven is not switched on Switch on the oven The oven does not heat up The clock is not set Set the clock The oven does not heat up The necessary settings are not set Control the settings The oven does not heat up The fuse in the fuse box is released Control the fuse. If the fuse is released more than one time, refer to a qualified electrician. The oven lamp does not operate The oven lamp is defective Replace the oven lamp Steam and condensation settle on the food and in the oven cavity You left the dish in the oven for too long Do not leave the dishes in the oven for longer than 15-20 minutes after the cooking process ends The display shows "12.00" A power cut Reset the clock 18 www.zanussi.com Problem Possible cause The residual heat indicator does not come on Remedy The cooking zone is not hot because it operated only for a short time. If you cannot find a solution to the problem yourself, contact your dealer or the service centre. If the cooking zone must be hot, speak to the Service Centre. The necessary data for the service centre is on the rating plate. The rating plate is on the front frame of the oven cavity. We recommend that you write the data here: Model (MOD.) ......................................... Product number (PNC) ......................................... Serial number (S.N.) ......................................... Installation Warning! Refer to the Safety chapters. Technical data Dimensions Height 894-912 mm Width 550 mm Depth 600 mm Top oven capacity 37 l Main oven capacity 74 l B Location of the appliance You can install your freestanding appliance with cabinets on one or two sides and in the corner. A A Minimum distances Dimension mm A 2 B 685 Levelling Use small feet on the bottom of appliance to set same level of cooker top surface with other surfaces www.zanussi.com 19 Electrical installation Warning! Only a qualified and competent person must do the electrical installation. The manufacturer is not responsible if you do not follow safety precautions from the chapter "Safety information". Make sure that the cover is securely fastened. To open the cover of terminal board obey the procedure in opposite sequence. Terminal board Make sure that the links are fitted as shown. This appliance is supplied without a main plug or a main cable. Covering terminal board The recommended cross-section area is six square millimetres (6 mm²). When you refit the mains terminal cover, make sure that the lower tabs are located inside the bottom edge of the aperture, before you fix the two screws into the top edge of the mains terminal cover. L L N N N Do not remove blanking plates. Environment concerns Recycle the materials with the symbol . Put the packaging in applicable containers to recycle it. Help protect the environment and human health and to recycle waste of electrical and electronic appliances. Do not dispose appliances marked with the symbol with the household waste. Return the product to your local recycling facility or contact your municipal office. Warning! Refer to the Safety chapters. Packaging material The packaging material is environmentally-friendly and recyclable. Plastic parts are marked with international abbreviations such as PE, PS, etc. Dispose of the packaging material in the containers provided for this purpose at your local waste management facility. GREAT BRITAIN & IRELAND - Guarantee/Customer Service GB IE Standard guarantee conditions: We, Electrolux, undertake that if within 12 months of the date of the purchase this Elec20 trolux appliance or any part thereof is proved to be defective by reason only of faulty workmanship or materials, we will, at our option repair or replace the same FREE OF CHARGE www.zanussi.com for labour, materials or carriage on condition that: • Appliance has been correctly installed and used only on the electricity supply stated on the rating plate. • Appliance has been used for normal domestic purposes only, in accordance with manufacturer's instructions. • Appliance hasn't been serviced, maintained, repaired, taken apart or tampered with by person not authorised by us. • Electrolux Service Force Centre must undertake all service work under this guarantee • Any appliance or defective part replaced shall become the Company's property. • This guarantee is in addition to your statutory and other legal rights. of local Service Force Centre and further information, please visit: www.serviceforce.co.uk Before calling out an engineer, please ensure you have read the details under the heading "What to do if... / Troubleshooting". When you contact the Service Force Centre you will need to give the following details: Your name, address and postcode, your telephone number, clear concise details of the fault, model and serial number of the appliance (found on the rating plate), the purchase date. Please note a valid purchase receipt or guarantee documentation is required for in guarantee service calls. Customer Care.Please contact our Customer Care Department: Electrolux Major Appliances, Addington Way, Luton, Bedfordshire, LU4 9QQ or visit our website at www.electrolux.co.uk Exclusions Customer Care Department, Tel: (Calls may be recorded for training purposes) • Damage, calls resulting from transport, improper use, neglect, light bulbs, removable parts of glass, plastic. • Costs for calls to put right appliance which is improperly installed, calls to appliances outside United Kingdom. • Appliances found to be in use within a commercial environment, plus those which are subject to rental agreements. • Products of Electrolux manufacturer that are not marketed by Electrolux For Customer Service in The Republic of Ireland please contact us at the address below: Service and Spare Parts.Please contact your local Service Force Centre: 08445 616 616(Call will be routed to Service Force Centre covering your postcode area). For address Electrolux Group (Irl) Ltd, Long Mile Road, Dublin 12, Republic of Ireland Tel: +353 (0)1 4090751, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Electrolux 08445 613 613 AEG-Electrolux 08445 611 611 ZanussiElectrolux 08445 612 612 European Guarantee GB This appliance is guaranteed by Electrolux in each of the countries listed at the back of this user manual, for the period specified in the appliance guarantee or otherwise by law. If you move from one of these countries to another of the countries listed, the appliance guarantee will move with you subject to the following qualifications:- www.zanussi.com • The appliance guarantee starts from the date you first purchased the appliance which will be evidenced by production of a valid purchase document issued by the seller of the appliance. • The appliance guarantee is for the same period and to the same extent for labour and parts as exists in your new country of resi21 dence for this particular model or range of appliances. • The appliance guarantee is personal to the original purchaser of the appliance and cannot be transferred to another user. • The appliance is installed and used in accordance with instructions issued by Electrolux and is only used within the home, i.e. is not used for commercial purposes. • The appliance is installed in accordance with all relevant regulations in force within your new country of residence. The provisions of this European Guarantee do not affect any of the rights granted to you by law. www.electrolux.com Albania +355 4 261 450 Rruga "Kavajës", ish-parku autobuzëve, Tiranë Belgique/België/Belgien +32 2 7162444 Raketstraat 40, 1130 Brussel/Bruxelles Česká Republika +420 261 302 261 Budějovická 3, Praha 4, 140 21 Danmark +45 70 11 74 00 Strevelinsvej 38-40, 7000 Fredericia Deutschland +49 180 32 26 622 Fürther Str. 246, 90429 Nürnberg Eesti +37 2 66 50 030 Pärnu mnt. 153, 11624 Tallinn España +34 902 11 63 88 Carretera M-300, Km. 29,900 Alcalá de Henares Madrid France 08 92 68 24 33 (0.34€/ min) www.electrolux.fr Great Britain +44 8445 616 616 Addington Way, Luton, Bedfordshire LU4 9QQ Hellas +30 23 10 56 19 70 4, Limnou Str., 54627 Thessaloniki Hrvatska +385 1 63 23 338 Slavonska avenija 3, 10000 Zagreb Ireland +353 1 40 90 753 Long Mile Road Dublin 12 Italia +39 (0) 434 558500 Corso Lino Zanussi, 30 - 33080 Porcia (PN) Latvija +371 67313626 Kr. Barona iela 130/2, LV-1012, Riga Lietuva +370 5 278 06 03 Ozo 10a, LT-08200 Vilnius Luxembourg +352 42 431 301 Rue de Bitbourg, 7, L-1273 Hamm Magyarország (06-1)467-3205 +361 252 1773 H-1142 Budapest XIV, Erzsébet Királyné útja 87 Nederland +31 17 24 68 300 Vennootsweg 1, 2404 CG - Alphen aan den Rijn Norge +47 81 5 30 222 Risløkkvn. 2 , 0508 Oslo Österreich 0810 955030 Herziggasse 9, 1230 Wien Polska +48 22 43 47 300 ul. Kolejowa 5/7, 01–217 Warszawa 22 www.zanussi.com Portugal +35 12 14 40 39 39 Quinta da Fonte - Edifício Gonçalves Zarco - Q 35 -2774-518 Paço de Arcos Romania +40 21 451 20 30 Str. Garii Progresului 2, S4, 040671 RO Schweiz - Suisse - Svizzera 0848 848 111 Industriestrasse 10, CH-5506 Mägenwil Slovenija +38 61 24 25 731 Gerbičeva ulica 110, 1000 Ljubljana Slovensko +421 2 32 14 13 34-5 Electrolux Slovakia s.r.o., Electrolux Domáce spotrebiče SK, Galvaniho 17/B, 821 04 Bratislava Suomi 030 600 5200 Lankapuhelinverkosta 0,0828€/puhelu+0,032€/min Matkapuhelinverkosta 0,192€/min Sverige +46 (0)771 76 76 76 Electrolux Service, S:t Göransgatan 143, S-105 45 Stockholm Türkiye +90 21 22 93 10 25 Tarlabaşı caddesi no : 35 Taksim İstanbul Россия 8-800-200-3589 129090 Москва, Олимпийский проспект, 16, БЦ "Олимпик" Україна +380 44 586 20 60 04074 Київ, вул.Автозаводська, 2а, БЦ "Алкон" www.zanussi.com 23 892957524-A-342013 www.zanussi.com/shop