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History, and Plot
Rebecca Utsuro
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Subject: History, and Plot
Tue Dec 29, 2009 12:57 pm
After the long, and agonizing battle with the Arrancar, and Aizen. The Soulreapers were finally successful, in defeating Aizen, and bringing peace back to the land once again. The last of the arrancar fled, and went into hiding, deep within the Menos Forest, for years. The Shinigami lived in peace as well, for quiet some time, they performed normal missions, watching over the world of the living, and began having festivals, due to the peace in the land. However, with Hueco Mundo still around, the Shinigami must always be on their toes, and be ready for any attack. Ichigo, the hero of the soul society, died of a strange occurrence. The soul society began performing researches, trying to figure out what had killed a soul, as powerful as himself, with such ease. After almost a year of research, nothing had appeared, so the Shinigami gave up. Unknowingly, after defeating Aizen, they had actually awoken his final plan, which was to destroy the Hueco Mundo, Soul Society, and the human world, with a giant collision of all the dimensions. Long, Long ago in the past, during the era of the first soul reaper, there was a beast known as the "Dimension God". The god had control over many different dimensions, granting specific life, and taking life, all at its own will. In the Shinigami books, it is said that the death of this god, was what fed the soul reapers their power, allowing them to expand to a giant, well known society. Though the history, which everyone believed in, was wrong. The power of the soul reaper remains unknown, though what how they had all thought the Dimension God was just a myth, or fairytale, or that it was put to death long ago, by the first ever soul reaper. The Dimension God, was not dead, but instead, he was sealed, within a chamber, located deep, deep under the soul society, allowing the Soul Society to constantly feed off its power. Aizen managed to find a path, leading to that chamber, that has been hidden for years on end. Entering the chamber, even he had a hard time standing, due to the spiritual power of the beast sealed away. Aizen performed a forbidden Kido around the chamber, that was set to go off, if he ever died, releasing the beast.
After Aizens death, the grounds of the soul society began shaking terribly. As Yamamoto watched from above, he knew exactly what was going on, and it wasn't good. The god, who was once again awoken, moved towards the center of the universe, between the Human World, and the Soul society, right beneath the Dangai, and began feeding off the Dangai, in hopes to restore the power it once had. The Dangai, acting as a bridge, holding the human world, and the soul society together, began shrinking in size. Instead of the Dangai breaking off, what it had actually began doing, was pulling the Soul Society, and the Human world together, causing a grand collision between the Human World, Soul Society, and the Hueco Mundo, destroying them all, which was Aizens final plans. The Soul Society, as well as the Vizards, Quincy, and Super Humans, all knew that if this beast wasn't stopped, it would cause the end to them all. The Soul Reapers requested all the back up they could, accepting any help on defeating the beast. As they all rushed towards the battle, to hope to stop the beast, the Soul Reapers, and Vizards realized, that their Zanpakuto were not harming the beast in any way. Yamamoto quickly explained, about a legend, that the Zanpakuto the soul reapers used, were actually made of the power of this beast, just greatly decreased, per Zanpakuto. Though one thing that was noticeable, was the fact that the Zanpakuto's still distracted the beast, and annoyed it, because of the large amount of them, over the rest of the races. With a quick flash, the beast had sent a giant blast of Reiryoku directed towards the soul society, large enough to wipe out the entire society in a single wipe. Yamamoto, and the captains of squad 12, and 11, defended what they could of the soul society, with their large amounts of Reiryoku, though they managed to save 6 sections of the soul society, 4 sections were completely destroyed, and the other 3 took a heavy hit of dark Reiryoku, causing it to fuse with them, and making that section of the soul society disconnect from the rest, falling under the Soul Society, somewhat like it was shadowing it. Ignoring the damage being done, all the races began pulling together, to destroy the beast, before it had a chance to do any more damage. The soul reapers readied, and fired the Kido Canon, getting a direct shot to the chest of the beast, though by doing so, it only caused the god to fall back, landing on the human world. After it had landed on the human world, it began attacking mindlessly, reacting to the hit it took from the Kido Canon. This was the last opportunity they had against the god. Landing in the human world, it created such a huge impact, that it disrupted the motion of the moon, as well as the clouds, and the atmosphere of the earth, which created a deadly war grounds, that is now known as Grounds Of The Fallen.
Many soul reapers, and humans died during this part of the battle, though few Vizards, and Quincies. After the battle had been taking place for a long period of time, a race, the soul reapers had thought went extinct long ago showed up, the Bounts. They attempted to aid the reapers, and everyone else in destroying, or sealing the god once again, before they were all destroyed. Just as the battle began tensing up, things only got better on the Soul Reapers end, when a strange group of people appeared. Though they wore similar outfits as the Soul Reapers, and carried what looked like Zanpakuto's, they called themselves the "Shadow Reapers". A race that now shadows the Soul Society, created from the Dimension God himself. When the Shadow Reapers appeared, they were quick to move, and had great teamwork, quickly damaging the Dimension God from different spots. Just as the god began weakening, he began feeding off the soul particles, similar to a hollow, though the god took in large enough quantities, to heal itself. Yamamoto decided there was only 1 thing left to do, and that was to reveal the actual ability of the Ryujin Jakka. The reason he didn't kill the Dimension God before, was because it would require him to sacrifice himself. But now that the soul society has populated, and is an important place in the universe, he can not let it all be destroyed so easily. Releasing his Zanpakuto, the flames surrounded the entire field, though not hurting the other species, it only hurt the God. After saying a few incantations, the flames began turning a white color, and the heat of the flames cooled down greatly. Before anyone knew it, the flames covered the Dimension God, from head to toe, quickly discintigrating him, destroying him at a fast pace, as well as Yamamoto slowly fading away, from using so much Reiryoku, he couldn't keep himself alive anymore after using it.
Years after the battle, the Soul Society dropped down to 6 Divisions, due to half of the society being destroyed. The Soul Reapers began looking at the Shadow Reapers as enemy's, causing a small war between the reapers to start. Until this day, they remain in this small war, though some reapers remain neutral. Vizards have learned the key to extended hollow masks, and the Shadow Reapers society has been born.
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Leadership Academy Makes A Difference w/ Boomerang BuyersPosted in 2015 Legislative Meetings, Ethics & Policy, Homeownership Education & Counseling, Professional Development, Social Media, Technology, Working with Clients, by Axay Parekh on May 18, 2015
When I entered Leadership Academy 2015 Class at National Association of REALTORS® in New Orleans last November, I was to say the least a little humbled to be in a room of NAR's top REALTORS®, people that were state association presidents, local associations presidents and even someone that has built a successful business without any social media presence. From the first moment with this group, I knew that this group was going to do amazing things in the class and in Real Estate and as I got emersed in the training at Leadership Academy, I knew that I was with industry giants and future giants.
Our leadership project was presented to us on a cold February morning in Washington,DC. The project was about working with and coming with a NAR approach to "Boomerang Buyer" and although many didn't like the term, it become a fairly industry used term and we decided to roll with it. From the first lively debates to a standing applause from the Leadership Academy Advisory group, we knew this was going to be something that would have impact not only on us, but for all the members of NAR and the buyers themselves.
As a group we decided to form two prong approach with one group attacking how to get this in front of REALTORS® and the other group concentrated on how to get it to the consumers that were ready to reinvest in the American Dream. REALTORS® needed education to help these buyers become home owners and consumers needed guidance a what programs are available to them to become home owners again.
First we researched the issues, and to our surprise there was already a large amount of data that showed how much of an opportunity there was to help the people that due to the economic and mortgage crisis they were left with home and many cases had to bring money to the table to get out a bad situation. Now was the opportunity to help these people come back to market and realize the American Dreams again.
Once all the research was completed, then came the task of putting all the information together, a task easier said than done, when the two people that lived closest were 3 hours apart. NAR Leadership Academy Team Rita Baldwin and Alisa Thompson, set up a collaboration site called Basecamp and it was with this tool and a Facebook group that our team cooperated, shared, and debated ideas.
At our Chicago meeting in late March we were able to collaborate in person and put some ideas to paper and come up with a plan to attack and how to create a presentation that would convey to our both the Leadership Academy Advisory Board and NAR our message. Seth Task of Cleveland guided the team through the best ways to present the idea and this is where the idea for creating a policy statement for NAR was developed and with Seth's experience on the NAR Committees he help draft what became the policy statement that NAR unanimously adopted at the NAR Legislative Meeting Board of Directors Meeting on May 16.
National Association of REALTORS®
Boomerang Buyer Policy
Definition of Boomerang Buyer
A boomerang buyer is a former homeowner that has gone through a foreclosure, deed in lieu of Foreclosure, or short sale and is returning to the housing market to purchase a home.
NAR supports
responsible lending programs, educational programs, credit counseling programs
and public outreach designed to assist Boomerang Buyers re-enter the real estate market As a homeowner.
Millions of American homeowners were affected negatively in the Great Recession of the last Decade. Many of these homeowners have since regained or improved their income, repaired their credit, or overcome various challenges and are qualified to re-enter the housing market as Buyers. Research has shown that many of these buyers need guidance and support to feel Confident that home ownership is attainable and beneficial. As advocates for home ownership, The National Association of Realtors® should lead the way in welcoming them back to the Market and supporting them with the tools, resources and support necessary to own a home again.
Axay Parekh
Axay Parekh, called Ax by his friends, was selected as the 2012 REALTOR® of the Year for the Greater Tulsa Association of REALTORS® for his work to bring innovative technology to the Tulsa market and for his dedication to working with RPAC, the Realtor Political Action Committee, and its mission to keep home ownership attainable for all Americans. He has served as a Director at the Oklahoma Association of REALTORS® (OAR) and has chaired several committees, including the Conference Committee. In 2017, OAR President Pete Gailbraith appointed Axay to a 1-year term on the Leadership/Executive Team. Axay was also selected by National Association of REALTORS®' (NAR) President Steve Brown to serve on NAR's Social Media Advisory Council, and was selected to be a part of NAR's Leadership Academy Class of 2015. Axay is the 2017 Chair of NAR's Emerging Business Issues and Technology Forum, and is the 2017 President of the Greater Tulsa Association REALTORS®.
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subset: commoncrawl


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It's hard to decide which aspect of the latest release from JR Robinson's Wrekmeister Harmonies project is the most important. Is it the music, or is it what the piece represents? And yes, I said 'piece' - this isn't an album in the traditional sense. It's a 38-minute long composition which raises many questions about patience and longevity. There is an 11-minute version used in the video for the piece, if you're not up to sitting down for the guts of 40 minutes to digest the full thing, but that's not an easy feat, either; to appreciate You've Always Meant So Much to Me in full, you have to give yourself to it, digest it fully, pull it apart and put it back together; you have to live with it. You either go in hard or you don't go in at all. You press play - or more specifically, you drop the needle on side A and let the record play. It's a vinyl-only release; whether experienced in physical form or via digital technology, one must put in real effort to get the most out of it.
Robinson is joined by metal musicians from his native Chicago; members of Leviathan, Nachmystium and Yakuza appear on this piece, which was first performed at Chicago's Museum of Contemporary Art last year. If you're expecting a piece full of searing, oppressive heaviness, though, you've come to the wrong place - it's certainly oppressive, but only in the way it builds at a tortuously slow pace. A single, droning chord lays the foundation for the whole thing, with fragments of melody, scattered notes and an anticipation-building, prophetic buzz of feedback all slowly seeping in and fading away. 13 minutes have passed before there's any semblance of a melody one can actually hold on to, with a gentle four-note harp ostinato taking centre stage for a while before the atmospheric drones from before re-enter, only more forcefully this time. Soon there are violins present, and all the elements of the music seem to fold in on each other, teasing an explosion of sound as the noise, along with the listener's patience, is stretched almost to breaking point.
Every single small change in the make-up of the piece feels like an event; however, that's nothing compared to the effect it has when things finally take off; 22 minutes in, the track erupts: drums thud, guitars crash, disembodied vocals howl and screech in an apocalyptic, wordless, devastatingly powerful metal hymn. Where before it was content to simply regard the abyss, it tips forward into it and is in freefall for six minutes before a sense of relative calm is restored - if, indeed, it ever really existed. From its peak, it gradually falls away, until only the four-note harp motif remains, and that too eventually dissipates, leaving a stark, bleak, complete silence. This is music that takes the listener on a journey deep into themselves; it's not something one can just sit down and listen to, because its intensity means that it must be equally as intensely focused on throughout, but it's a genuinely rewarding experience that becomes more powerful with each listen. At 38 minutes a pop, it may seem like an effort to listen to on paper, but every minute is time well spent.


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Practice, Criminal, Complaint. District Court, Clerk-Magistrate. Supreme Judicial Court, Appeal from order of single justice.
This court concluded that where police officers made warrantless arrests of three individuals, who were released on bail to return the following court day, a clerk-magistrate of the District Court Department was required to issue complaints, and when he failed to do so, the District Court judge was required to order the complaints to issue without any further consideration of probable cause. [181-187]
CIVIL ACTION commenced in the Supreme Judicial Court for the county of Suffolk on January 12, 2004.
The case was heard by Cordy, J.
Robert C. Cosgrove, Assistant District Attorney (Varsha Kukafka, Assistant District Attorney, with him) for the plaintiff.
Dean A. Mazzone, Special Assistant Attorney General, for the defendant.
COWIN, J. Ordinarily, when a police officer makes a warrantless arrest of a person and the person is released on bail to return the following court day, the officer prepares an application for a complaint, presents it to a clerk-magistrate, the complaint issues, and the arrestee appears in court for arraignment. [Note 1] That procedure was not followed in this case. In rather unusual circumstances that we describe below, prior to the issuance of complaints against three individuals who had been arrested and released on bail, a judge in the District Court considered whether there was probable cause for the complaints to issue.
Page 177
Three complaints were sought against each of these three individuals. The judge refused to issue six of the nine complaints sought and the Commonwealth appealed from his ruling to a single justice of this court pursuant to G. L. c. 211, § 3. [Note 2] The district attorney contended that, as there had already been arrests in these cases (and thus an initial assessment of probable cause), the District Court judge should have ordered the complaints to issue without a probable cause determination. The single justice denied the Commonwealth's petition. We conclude that it was improper for the District Court judge to make a probable cause determination before the complaints had issued. Therefore, we reverse the order of the single justice denying relief, and remand the matter to the county court for an order to issue vacating the District Court judge's decision and directing the complaints to issue.
From the District Court judge's findings of fact and rulings of law and uncontested documentary evidence submitted to him by the Commonwealth, we state the facts and procedural history of this matter. [Note 3] Neither party disputes the essential facts, and it is useful to set them forth in some detail.
1. The Incident and the Arrests.
The judge summarized the contents of police reports filed by three officers. [Note 4] According to the report of Sergeant William P. Quigley of the Cohasset police department, on October 11, 2003, an unidentified male motorist honked his car horn and waved to Sergeant Quigley to get his attention. The motorist shouted "Fight! Fight!" and pointed toward Summer Street, and Sergeant Quigley immediately drove there. Approaching the American Legion Post (post), he heard loud yelling from the
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side of the building and saw three males on the handicap access ramp. Two men were wrestling and pushing each other; a third male was standing by them, yelling and swearing. The three men were Keith A. Jackson, Adam R. Thibault, and Jerry Cogill. Jackson is the son of the chief of police of Cohasset; Thibault was dating the daughter of the chief of police; and Cogill is the nephew of a sergeant of the Cohasset police department. Sergeant Quigley's report indicates that all three males were intoxicated. (His report also states that the men had broken through the wooden hand railing of the ramp while wrestling, damaging several of its rungs. The judge's findings do not mention this fact and it is unclear how the officer would have seen or known this.) Officer Francis Yannizzi arrived, and as that officer walked up the ramp, Sergeant Quigley heard Jackson say to Officer Yannizzi, in effect, that he should say, "Excuse me." Sergeant Quigley then ordered the three men arrested. Officer Yannizzi's report corroborates Quigley's account of his own interaction with Jackson.
Officer Shellee Peters arrived at the post just after Sergeant Quigley. Her report states that she did not observe fighting or wrestling. When she was at the ramp, she saw two men at the top who were shielding a third person from her view. She walked up the ramp while Sergeant Quigley, at the bottom, radioed for assistance. Her report indicates that as she approached the men, they moved, permitting her to see the third person, Jackson. Officer Peters's report further indicates that Sergeant Quigley walked up the ramp and explained that he had received a report of a fight; the defendants were then separated for questioning. She was at her cruiser when Officer Yannizzi walked by the men on the ramp and her report does not mention any observations of his encounter with Jackson.
The three men were transported to the police headquarters. Each was charged with disorderly conduct, G. L. c. 272, § 53; malicious destruction of property valued over $250, G. L. c. 266, § 127 (based on damage to the ramp); and common-law affray. During booking, Cogill stated to Sergeant Quigley that the three men had been "play fighting," causing the damage to the ramp. Thibault confirmed this account. The men were released on bail shortly after their arrest. The recognizance form that they were
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provided states that they were to appear on "Oct. 14/03 at 8:30 A.M." at the Quincy District Court. [Note 5]
2. The Complaint Application.
This case concerns an application for a complaint, a process utilized only by police officers who have made an arrest without a warrant. [Note 6] On October 14, the Cohasset police prosecutor presented a clerical supervisor in the clerk-magistrate's office at the Quincy District Court with signed applications for complaints for each arrestee for the above offenses. [Note 7] "Apparently" (the judge's word), the commander of the post had provided the attorney for one of the defendants with a letter stating that the damage to the railing preexisted the date of the incident and was not the result of it, and the defense attorney presented this letter to the police prosecutor at the District Court on the morning of October 14. The prosecutor became concerned about the sufficiency of the evidence to support the complaints and mentioned his concern to an assistant clerk-magistrate who warned him of civil liability if the complaints issued. [Note 8] The prosecutor discussed his concerns with fellow police prosecutors at the Quincy District Court, retrieved the applications from the clerical supervisor, and never presented a complaint to the clerk-magistrate or any of his assistants to be signed.
According to the judge, it was "not clear" whether the police
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prosecutor's concerns were limited to the implications of the commander's letter. Exhibits to the Commonwealth's motion "make[] clear" that on the morning of October 14, the arresting officer, Sergeant Quigley, told the police prosecutor that he, Quigley, wanted the charges to "go away" before the arraignment of each defendant. [Note 9]
The judge also noted that a letter was sent to the Cohasset chief of police by a worker who was at the post on October 11, and that the letter indicates that it was written at approximately 11:30 P.M. that night -- one hour after the incident and the arrest. He stated that he saw individuals "wrestling" on the ramp, that they were not fighting with their fists and that he and another person broke up the "play" fighting.
On November 7, the Commonwealth filed three ex parte motions (with numerous attachments) requesting that the three complaints against each defendant issue. The district attorney requested that the judge issue the complaints himself or direct the clerk's office to do so. The judge held a hearing on the motions at which the district attorney's office contended that it was entitled to a decision, that a probable cause hearing was not appropriate, and that the Commonwealth would not offer further evidence. The judge issued the complaints on the malicious destruction count, but ruled that there was insufficient evidence to support a finding of probable cause as to the remaining complaints, those for common-law affray and disorderly conduct, and denied the motions to issue them. The judge concluded that there was insufficient evidence of public involvement to sustain the charges of common-law affray and disorderly conduct because "no member of the public [was] present" at the time of the arrests. The judge ruled that our law defines an affray as " '[f]ighting together of two or more persons in a public place to the terror of the persons lawfully there.' See G. L. c. 277, § 39." He stated, "No matter what [the arresting officer] may have seen upon his arrival and no matter
Page 181
who was actually involved in the wrestling at that time, there was no member of the public present. A battery may have occurred but there was no affray." He also concluded that because disorderly conduct involves the "purposeful causing of public inconvenience, annoyance or alarm or recklessly creating a risk thereof," there was similarly insufficient evidence of that crime.
3. Relief Pursuant to G. L. c. 211, § 3.
The district attorney filed a petition in the county court pursuant to G. L. c. 211, § 3, seeking relief from the District Court judge's denial of the motions to issue complaints. After the single justice denied the petition, the Commonwealth appealed to this court. Neither party contests that the matter is properly before us. Because there is no alternative route of appeal from the refusal of a judge to issue complaints, and because the right to pursue a criminal prosecution rests solely with the Commonwealth, relief under G. L. c. 211, § 3, is appropriate. See Commonwealth v. Clerk-Magistrate of the W. Roxbury Div. of the Dist. Court Dep't, 439 Mass. 352 , 354 n.2 (2003). See also Commonwealth v. DiBennadetto, 436 Mass. 310 , 311-312 (2002) (G. L. c. 211, § 3, review available for judge's action in conducting de novo evidentiary hearing on clerk-magistrate's finding of probable cause where Commonwealth likely is only party with standing but with no right of appeal from adverse determination of probable cause). [Note 10]
4. Discussion.
The single justice denied the Commonwealth's petition, ruling that the judge did not abuse his discretion or commit other clear error of law in refusing to issue the complaints because no statute, case, or rule "prohibit[s] the judge from exercising such authority." He also concluded that the finding that the incident was not sufficiently public to warrant issuance of the complaints was not clearly erroneous. We hold that the District Court judge, under the rules in effect at the time, lacked authority to deny the issuance of the complaints and that the complaints should have been issued without a probable cause determination by the judge.
Page 182
a. Authority to issue the complaints. Although the procedural history of this matter is complex, the nub of the disagreement between the parties can be simply put. The district attorney contends that, when an individual has been arrested, it is the duty of the clerk-magistrate to issue a complaint. When he fails to do so, the court must order the complaints to issue without any further consideration of probable cause, i.e., the judge has no authority to refuse to issue the complaints. Specifically, the district attorney contends that when there is a warrantless arrest, a probable cause assessment has been made initially by the arresting officer, and the issuance of the complaint, whether by a clerk-magistrate or a judge, is essentially a ministerial act. The Attorney General, on behalf of the Quincy District Court, argues on the other hand that the judge believed that the assistant clerk's failure to issue the complaints gave him the opportunity to determine whether probable cause existed for the complaints to issue. We agree with the district attorney. In the unusual posture of this case, the issuance of the complaints was presented to the judge. He, therefore, stood in the shoes of the clerk-magistrate and had no greater authority in the circumstances. Neither the clerk-magistrate nor the judge had authority to make a determination of probable cause at this stage of the proceeding. [Note 11]
Our conclusion is supported by prior cases. See Commonwealth v. Rumkin, 55 Mass. App. Ct. 635 , 637 (2002) ("a determination [of probable cause] is not relevant to the issuance of a complaint following a warrantless arrest"). See also Commonwealth v. Arias, 55 Mass. App. Ct. 782 , 786 (2002), quoting with approval the commentary to Standard 2:04 of the District Court Standards of Judicial Practice: The Complaint Procedure (1975): [Note 12]
"In the case of a person under arrest, it is not the Clerk's function to review whether there was in fact probable cause for the arrest, nor to judge whether the Commonwealth ultimately will fail in its prosecution of the
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case. Only the judge can review these matters when the accused is brought before [the judge. [Note 13]] The Clerk's function in arrest cases is largely administrative; it is designed primarily to insure prompt preparation of the Complaint for use in the courtroom."
See also commentary to Standard 2:00 of the District Court Standards of Judicial Practice, supra:
"The Application for Complaint . . . does not call on the magistrate to exercise substantial discretion. It does not call on the court to issue process, the arrest already being an accomplished fact. Nor does it require the Clerk or Assistant Clerk to approve the validity of the arrest or assess the potential strength of the prosecution. The purpose of the Application is simply to capture case information necessary to prepare the documents needed to proceed in the courtroom. It is merely an aid to the court in facilitating the preparation of the Complaint. The Complaint procedure in arrest cases does not include [a] probable cause determination . . . ."
The procedure we have described is distinct from that followed when a complaint for a misdemeanor is sought and the person is not under arrest. In such case, by statute, the judge or clerk-magistrate is specifically authorized to make a determination of probable cause. See G. L. c. 218, § 35A. See also Commonwealth v. Balliro, 385 Mass. 618 , 620 n.2 (1982) (magistrate has "discretion in deciding whether probable cause exists warranting the commencement of a criminal proceeding" where "defendant was not under arrest" and case "involved an application for the issuance of process"). In the matter before us, there have been arrests; these arrests represent an assessment by a representative of the government that, for purposes of the issuance of a complaint, probable cause exists. That is the only requisite assessment on the subject before the complaint issues. After the complaint has issued, whether probable cause in fact existed to support the complaint may be reviewed by means of a motion to dismiss.
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The present case arises from a different factual situation than those involving the issuance of process on a felony complaint where the person involved is not under arrest. See Commonwealth v. Clerk-Magistrate of the W. Roxbury Div. of the Dist. Court Dep't, 439 Mass. 352 , 357-358 (2003). In such cases, the clerk-magistrate has no authority to hold a show cause hearing (to determine probable cause) prior to acting on the application for issuance of process. In the above case, we determined that the clerk-magistrate's authority to hold show cause hearings is limited by statute, see G. L. c. 218, § 35A, to those complaints involving misdemeanors when the person against whom a complaint is sought is not under arrest. See id. The instant case presents a different situation because there had been arrests.
The Attorney General maintains that the judge was not " 'sitting as [a] clerk-magistrate'. . . but acting as a judge of the District Court." As such, he could properly review the matters and make a determination of no probable cause. In support of this proposition, the Attorney General cites Standard 2:04 of the District Court Standards of Judicial Practice: The Complaint Procedure (1975):
"A clerk need not require a police officer to support the propriety of an arrest or the choice of the crime to be charged. A brief colloquy directed to establishing the prima facie elements of an offense is all that is required. . . . [T]here should be no denial of an application which alleges violation of an existing law by a person under arrest. If a clerk feels he cannot in good conscience grant such an application, he may refer it to the judge."
The Attorney General argues that there is no purpose to the clerk's referral to the judge if the judge is simply to place a signature upon a sworn complaint on presentment of the application. We read this language as meaning only that if, in good faith, the clerk cannot issue the complaint, the judge must. The judge is merely to act in place of the clerk and has no discretion to refuse to issue the complaint. [Note 14] The Attorney General cites the cases of Commonwealth v. DiBennadetto, 436
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Mass. 310 (2002); Victory Distribs., Inc. v. Ayer Div. of the Dist. Court Dep't, 435 Mass. 136 (2001); and Bradford v. Knights, 427 Mass. 748 (1998), as authority for his proposition. None of these cases concerns the issuance of a complaint after warrantless arrest.
We disagree with the determination of the single justice that, although "the current rules of criminal procedure do not require that a judicial officer make a finding of probable cause before issuing a complaint against a person arrested without a warrant (and promptly released from custody), I do not read the rules (or the statute) to prohibit the judge from exercising such authority." This ignores the fact that the power of a "judicial officer," other than an officer of the Supreme Judicial Court, derives from the Legislature. See Commonwealth v. Clerk-Magistrate of the W. Roxbury Div. of the Dist. Court Dep't, supra at 358.
We have recognized "implied powers as 'inherent' in courts when the power in question is needed to allow the court to function, [but] such power should arise by 'necessary implication from constitutional or statutory provisions.' " Id., quoting Commonwealth v. Clerk of the Boston Div. of the Juvenile Court Dep't, 432 Mass. 693 , 699 (2000). We also have recognized that "[j]udicial authority 'is not limited to adjudication, but includes certain ancillary functions, such as rule-making and judicial administration, which are essential if the courts are to carry out their constitutional mandate.' " Commonwealth v. Clerk-Magistrate of the W. Roxbury Div. of the Dist. Court Dep't, supra at 358, quoting Police Comm'r of Boston v. Municipal Court of the Dorchester Dist., 374 Mass. 640 , 664 (1978). No one contends that the power here is one needed to allow the court to function or to carry out its constitutional mandate.
Both the District Court judge and the single justice observed that a revision to Mass. R. Crim. P. 3 (g) (2), as appearing in
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442 Mass. 1502 (2004), which took effect on September 7, 2004, see note 11, supra, now requires a judicial officer to make a finding of probable cause before issuing a complaint against a person arrested without a warrant (and promptly released from custody). [Note 15] As the revision was not in effect at the time of these arrests, it does not control the outcome of the case. Indeed, the Reporter's Notes to the revised rules (not available at the time of the single justice's memorandum and order) support our conclusion that the court in the instant case (proceeding under the former practice) was required to order the issuance of the complaints. In changing the practice, the Notes suggest that that practice was precisely as we construe it today. The Reporter's Notes explain, in regard to rule 3 (g) (2), that "[u]nder prior practice [i.e., the practice in effect for the present case], where a complaint was sought against an individual who had been arrested, the appropriate judicial officer did not evaluate the justification for initiating criminal proceedings." [Note 16] Massachusetts Rules of Court 132 (West 2005). Given the unambiguous directive of the revised rule 3 (g) (2), our holding today obviously is limited to those cases initiated before the effective date of the new rule (September 7, 2004).
In granting the Commonwealth's petition and ordering that complaints are to issue, we express no opinion on whether the materials in the record before us suffice to establish probable cause. We merely agree that the Commonwealth was entitled to the issuance of the complaints, and that the proceedings on
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those complaints may then continue in the normal course. Whether probable cause has already been demonstrated, or whether the Commonwealth will ultimately succeed in demonstrating probable cause or in proving its case, are matters to be resolved in future proceedings.
b. Conclusion. The order of the single justice denying the Commonwealth's petition under G. L. c. 211, § 3, is reversed. The case is remanded to the county court where an order shall issue vacating the order of the District Court judge and directing the complaints to issue.
So ordered.
[Note 1] Because the defendants here were under arrest, the procedure of G. L. c. 218, § 35A, regarding issuance of a complaint when a person is not under arrest, is inapplicable.
[Note 2] No question is before us concerning the three complaints that the judge did issue.
[Note 3] After the judge refused to issue the complaints, the Commonwealth filed motions for reconsideration. The judge's findings and rulings were issued in response to the motions for reconsideration. The issues in the original proceeding and in the motions were identical; thus, the fact that the findings and rulings were issued in response to the motions is of no moment.
[Note 4] The judge did not make any findings based on the police reports. Although it is not clear, it appears that the judge was acknowledging that he could not make credibility determinations at this point in the proceedings and that the allegations were to be taken as true for purposes of determining whether the complaints would issue.
[Note 5] October 14 was the first business day following the arrests.
[Note 6] There are other ways of commencing criminal proceedings in the District Court in other situations, such as when a person has not been arrested, see, e.g., Standards 3:00-3:26 of the District Court Standards of Judicial Practice: The Complaint Procedure (1975). We address herein only the commencement of proceedings where there has been a warrantless arrest.
[Note 7] The judge noted that an affidavit filed by a clerical supervisor within the clerk-magistrate's office stated that, on receipt of a complaint application resulting from a warrantless arrest (as in these cases), a complaint would be signed by the applicant (the police prosecutor), and the complaint would then be presented to the clerk-magistrate or an assistant and be sworn to prior to issuance by the clerk-magistrate or an assistant. The supervisor further stated that no complaints were typed in these cases because she never had the opportunity to do so.
[Note 8] Although the judge's findings state that the prosecutor was concerned about evidence to support "the complaint," this concern about the sufficiency of the evidence would relate only to one of the complaints, that for malicious destruction of property.
[Note 9] The judge's findings do not suggest any impropriety by anyone in the district attorney's office. The district attorney's motion states that that office first became aware of the matter from a reporter's inquiry about the arrest of the young men and whether the arrest had resulted in their arraignment in the Quincy District Court.
[Note 10] Although the Commonwealth could seek indictments from a grand jury, this would deprive the district attorney of his normal discretion to pursue an action in the District Court.
[Note 11] As discussed infra, our holding is limited to those cases arising prior to the effective date of Mass. R. Crim. P. 3 (g) (2), as appearing in 442 Mass. 1502 (2004).
[Note 12] The Standards of Judicial Practice are administrative regulations promulgated by the Chief Justice of the District Court.
[Note 13] We construe the reference to review by the judge "when the accused is brought before [the judge]" to refer to a point in the proceedings after the complaint issues. If it is intended to mean otherwise, we are not bound by it.
[Note 14] To the extent the commentary to this standard suggests that the judge may refuse to issue the complaint, we are not bound by it. The standards "are not intended to . . . be utilized beyond the boundaries of existing rules and statutes." Commonwealth v. Clerk-Magistrate of the W. Roxbury Div. of the Dist. Court Dep't, 439 Mass. 352 , 357 (2003), quoting Commonwealth v. Norrell, 423 Mass. 725 , 729 (1996). See Commonwealth v. Clerk of the Boston Div. of the Juvenile Court Dep't, 432 Mass. 693 , 702 (2000) ("Courts cannot create standards for authorizing certain dispositions that exceed the bounds of existing rules and statutes").
[Note 15] Rule 3 (g) (2) reads: "The appropriate judicial officer shall not authorize a complaint unless the information presented by the complainant establishes probable cause to believe that the person against whom the complaint is sought committed an offense."
[Note 16] The standing advisory committee on the Massachusetts Rules of Criminal Procedure, which is responsible for drafting the revisions to the rules, states that the reason for the change in rule 3 (g) (2) was that "[d]efendants who have been arrested, and have . . . been . . . released prior to the complaint . . . get no probable cause determination before having to face a criminal complaint." See Proposed Revisions to the Rules of Criminal Procedure, Final Submission and Report to the Supreme Judicial Court by the S.J.C. Standing Advisory Committee on the Criminal Rules at 9-10 (May 9, 2003). A July 30, 2004, memorandum of the Chief Justice of the District Court regarding amendments to rule 3 (g) also states that the requirement for "a probable cause finding [by a clerk-magistrate] before a criminal complaint may be issued, even after an arrest . . . is a change from current law."


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With the Los Angeles Lakers closing out the Rockets series on Sunday they are now poised for an immensely dynamic series with the Denver Nuggets. Both teams are extremely heavy on athleticism and offensive firepower. Both teams enjoy to completely beat down the competition and both teams are very fun to watch. For anyone who enjoys watching chalkboard, fundamental, basketball this is the wrong series for you because there are bound to be plays that can invoke heart-attacks. This is going to be like watching 2 sluggers duke it out for bragging rights; it sure will not be anything like a Lennox Lewis fight – more like a George Foreman slugfest. Not lacking in star power, this series has the following players, Chauncey Billups, J.R. Smith, Carmelo Anthony, Nene Hilario, Kenyon Martin, Chris Andersen, Jordan Farmar, Kobe Bryant, Lamar Odom, Paul Gasol, Andrew Bynum and, Trevor Ariza; I mean, "Wow!" This is going to be fun. I could not wait to evaluate the matchup.
As far as the Nuggets are concerned, they need to continue playing that physical, top-flight and above-the-rim style of basketball. George Karl has the lucky task of managing this super lineup. He has to make sure that the big men handle all of their assignments because that will put some serious damper on the Lakers attack. Andersen and Martin have to continue to be physical with Gasol and Bynum on the defensive end because the Lakers frontcourt has not done a good job responding to physical play. On the other end, Chauncey Billups has to run the offense to its maximum potential. Billups will have to make sure that J.R. Smith, Carmelo Anthony, Linas Kleiza and, Nene get good touches on a consistent basis. By holding their ground on defense and getting out on the break, Denver might have a chance to break the will of the Lakers at the end of each game. The big issues as far as the Nuggets are concerned are that the Nuggets do not have a lot of ballhandlers (they really have to watch out for turnovers) and they also do not have anyone on their team that can cover Kobe Bryant (J.R. Smith is athletic enough but it is doubtful that he has the stamina to harrass Kobe for the span of a ball game). Both issues will be the achilles heel for the Denver Nuggets in their battle against the Lakers.
With respect to the Lakers, they really have nothing to lose in this matchup. Lakers beatup on the Nuggets pretty well during the regularly season and they have been beating up on the Nuggets on a consistent basis in recent years. They have the home advantage and are extremely tough to beat when they play at the Staples Centre; also, the Nuggets are not very good on the road (despite their relative success so far in these playoffs). Kobe has to continue to be aggressive early on in the ball games and he has to make sure to get his teammates involved on the offensive end. The Lakers have a serious advantage if they decide to push the pace of the game because Jordan Farmar is proving to be a solid player on the break; he makes good decisions, shoots high percentage shots and is a tremendous ball handler (his only knock is that he plays some shotty defence at times). Phil Jackson has the luck of making sure he gets Farmar some solid playing time and playing in situations where he can be very effective. The biggest advantage the Lakers have though has to be Lamar Odom. Odom has been the enigma on this Lakers team for too long but now it all makes perfect sense – this series is taylor-made for his skills. His size, mobility and plethra of skills will definitely create problems for the Nuggets on both ends of the court. His resourcefulness and depth makes him the biggest asset for this Laker team because he allows them to be continuous when they go to the bench or have to change pace and he can play 3 (maybe 4) spots on the floor. He does a great job of staying out of foul trouble and is able to cover his assignments on Defense. On the offensive end, he can really wreck havoc on the Nuggets when they decide to go small. If he can get up to 20 and 10 in any of the games, Lakers should win easily. He is the X-factor. Phil Jackson needs to get him in the game plan ASAP.
Overall, I cannot wait to get this game on the road. The battle begins at 9pm E.T. tomorrow. If Odom shows up, Lakers win big.


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We were in Orlando the weekend before last for Night of Joy and I am so very very glad that we went. We had bought our tickets to the event several months ago and in light of the recent events we debated not going but decided it would be good to get out of the house. And it really was exactly what we needed. It was so nice to have a change of scenery, a reason to get dressed and put on make-up each day, etc.
Night of Joy is a huge Christian music concert that takes place at Magic Kingdom every year. This years headliners…David Crowder Band, Chris Tomlin, Casting Crowns, Sidewalk Prophets, Tenth Avenue North, Thousand Foot Krutch, Third Day, MercyMe…there were a ton more acts, but those were the bigger name bands. The concerts were from 7pm-1am on Friday and Saturday, and they even kept the entire park open the whole night! So you could listen to some music, ride a ride, listen to more music, etc. They also had a local Christian radio station playing over the speakers throughout the whole park. It was awesome!
(Except for the two newborns…I mean they seriously could have come straight from the hospital…that camped out right next to us during one of the concerts. That wasn't my favorite moment of the weekend. Nor was the fact that every other billboard (almost literally) along a probably 200 mile stretch in Florida said "Are you pregnant" or "Pregnant? Your baby's heart is already beating" etc. etc. I don't know if there is a high rate of abortion in Florida or what but it really was crazy. I had noticed it before on previous Orlando or Miami trips but this time it was another constant reminder that I was NOT pregnant.)
Anyway, back to my story…I went into it thinking it would mostly be a cool concert, but it was such a worshipful experience! It was really a cool experience to be in a place like that with thousands of other believers worshipping our Lord! Here are some pictures of our well needed weekend away…
Ahhh…it doesn't matter how many times I come here I always light up when I walk into the Magic Kingdom. I am a child at heart. :)
Riding Big Thunder Mountain Railroad…notice the hair already up in a ponytail within 30 minutes of getting to the park. It is still in the high 90's with crazy humidity down here in the silly south.
Waiting for the concerts to start!
Stuck in jail with this scary creature! The Buzz Lightyear ride is one of our favorites…I think we rode it 3 or 4 times. :)
The picture everyone gets at Magic Kingdom, in front of Mickey! Decked out in our Bama gear for day #2!
One of the stages was right in front on the castle. It changed colors throughout the night. Beautiful in my opinion. :) The only thing that makes the Magic Kingdom better is going at Christmas time when there are white lights all over the castle and throughout the park!
My hubby watching the play by play of the Bama game on his phone while we wait in line for a 3-D movie. :)
In motion picture on Space Mountain…The first time we rode this ride I caught myself laughing and smiling really big on the ride and it felt almost wrong to be smiling and laughing and having fun, but it felt so good at the same time if that makes any sense.
By the way, they have recently renovated Space Mountain and they now have games you can play while waiting in line! It was very cool.
Day #3 - This was my breakfast at SeaWorld…a yummy chocolate covered ice cream Shamu. :) Sugar Busters where are you??
At the dolphin and whale show at Sea World. Our camera survived this one but almost bit the dust at the Shamu show. It got soaked…and will never be quite the same again, but at least it recovered enough to still function!
We will definitely be going to Night of Joy again! Anyone want to come with us next year?!?!


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The top is from a picture that producer Jerry Bruckheimer posted on his twitter account today from the set of Disney's film adaption of the TV series The Lone Ranger, due out next year. That's SAG nominee (and Meryl Streep photo-bomber) Armie Hammer as the titular character. And the bottom pic was a released still from Depp's
I mean, where do I begin? The man has an actual dead crow on his head. The whole damn bird.
I remember when Alice in Wonderland came out and Helena Bonham Carter kept talking about how Burton always tells her not to be too weird or over-the-top and her reaction was, 'But you let Johnny do whatever he wants!' Thank god, somebody said it. When did we decide it was okay to let Johnny Depp do whatever the hell he feels like doing with a character? Just because he did something different (that worked) with Jack Sparrow, we are now subjected to strange caricatures that are just weird for weird's sake. And the rare times that he does try to play it normal as a regular human being (like Finding Neverland and Public Enemies), he does absolutely nothing. They're so boring they border on catatonic. Does it have to be such extremes, Johnny? How many more birds have to die so you can indulge in this ridiculousness?


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Sometimes it is not intended but turns out humorous-my college days..
1)6 hours of Engineering Drawing because the sir had not completed the "portion".
"When the L.V. of the structure or the building...."
Suddenly I raise my hand n say 'Excuse me sir,I have a doubt".
The whole class is woken n every head turn towards me.
Sir is startled.
After few secs of silence,he asks "out?? u said want to go out??..ya, pl do".
2) In lab,swapna n me were working on a circuit but whatever we did ,the needle in the ammeter simply didnt budge.
"hey sugan,get another ammeter pl"
Sugan was also our batch mate(in fact 3 others who were chatting in the corner were our batch mates)
Promptly she found one.No use-it still didn't work.
"shall we get another transistor?". Even that didn't work.
"cha",I said finally,"I have a feeling that we are making a fundamental mistake".
Swapna turned towards me ,slapped her forehead,went to the corner and switched on the main.
3) On the very first day of college,Gaay and I were discussing about book banks.
Just to clarify our doubts,we turned behind n asked the girl "Where are you planning to get your textbooks?which book bank?"
She cleared her throat and said "British Council Library".
No expression on our faces,our eyebrows lit up n we turned front.
The girl(Mini-now my close friend) and I hardly visited the college library in the four years.
4)Once outside the networking lab.
"hey subha,got ur lab shoes??" my batch mate asked.
"Nope,I didnt.Jus the way we planned.Dont worry,they will allow us in".
Jus as luck could have it,HOD came.
"where are your lab shoes?"
Everyone looked at each other and then at me.I was the only one who seemed composed.
"Maam,it's only networking lab and we are going to work on computers.So,no shocks."
"hello!!Computer runs on 220 V.Quite enough to kill you!!",she said.
"Then why is that we remove our shoes when we go inside the computer lab", I asked.
Got a point,I thought.Everyone grinned at me.Felt like their saviour.
"subhashree!!You are lazy enough and give excuses like this??This is not the way to talk or argue.Rule is a rule"
We were made to stand out for three whole hours.
5) Lab n me have something to do with each other.
Once I came barging inside the lab after doing some errand for our symposium.I
put on the coat as I was entering.Didnt realise staffs were seated there.
Then one of them called out for me.
In all that hurry and with a confused expression I moved towards him.
"Any idea what lab is this?",he asked.
Ok,after three weeks,this should have been easy.
I gave a blank look,then turned towards my batch and asked "hey!!sir has a good question.What lab is this?"
He was shocked and put his hand on the head.Jus few minutes back, he had been telling his colleagues that our batch was the most sincere.(it's not my fault)
6) There was this staff who had a annoying habit of conducting "so called GD" everyday in class.
She would come up with abrupt topics and make students talk on it.I was called out everyday.
But my other classmates usually dont bother or jus say 'no idea'.
So,I decided to make it clear to her that I was not interested too.
"What would have if we had no reservations?",she asked one fine day scanning the entire class,"subhashree,tell me.."
I took this as an opportunity and said "I have no clue ma'am.Absolutely clueless".
She hadn't expected this from me and silently moved towards the board.I was glad she got the point.
Out of blue,She suddenly turned and asked "Subhashree,stand up and tell me -why dont you have any clue?"
I gave her a blank stare.Think I cursed myself too.


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Nope, Still Not Caring //
Care much? Then you're in the wrong place.
A Message from Our Sponsors.
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OMICS International organises 3000+ Global Conferenceseries Events every year across USA, Europe & Asia with support from 1000 more scientific societies and Publishes 700+ Open Access Journals which contains over 50000 eminent personalities, reputed scientists as editorial board members.
A bunion (also referred to as hallux valgus or hallux abducto valgus) is often described as a bump on the side of the big toe. But a bunion is more than that. The visible bump actually reflects changes in the bony framework of the front part of the foot. The big toe leans toward the second toe, rather than pointing straight ahead. This throws the bones out of alignment – producing the bunion's "bump." Bunions are a progressive disorder. They begin with a leaning of the big toe, gradually changing the angle of the bones over the years and slowly producing the characteristic bump, which becomes increasingly prominent. Symptoms usually appear at later stages, although some people never have symptoms.
Bunions are most often caused by an inherited faulty mechanical structure of the foot. It is not the bunion itself that is inherited, but certain foot types that make a person prone to developing a bunion. Although wearing shoes that crowd the toes won't actually cause bunions, it sometimes makes the deformity get progressively worse. Symptoms may therefore appear sooner.
Symptoms, which occur at the site of the bunion, may include: Pain or soreness, Inflammation and redness, a burning sensation, possible numbness Symptoms occur most often when wearing shoes that crowd the toes, such as shoes with a tight toe box or high heels. This may explain why women are more likely to have symptoms than men. In addition, spending long periods of time on your feet can aggravate the symptoms of bunions.
Non-surgical treatments
Non-surgical treatments for bunions may include: Wearing shoes that fit and that have adequate toe room. Stretching shoes professionally to make them larger. Putting bunion pads over the bunion to cushion the pain. Avoiding activities that cause pain, such as being on your feet for long periods of time. Taking over-the-counter pain relievers when necessary, such as acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) like ibuprofen. Using ice to provide relief from inflammation and pain. Using custom-made orthotic devices.
Surgical treatments
Surgery might be recommended if non-surgical treatments fail to provide relief, and you are having trouble walking or are in extreme pain. Surgery can be used to return the big toe to its correct anatomical position. During surgery, bones, ligaments, tendons, and nerves are put back into correct order, and the bump is removed. Many bunion correction procedures can be done on a same-day basis. The type of procedure will depend on your physical health, the extent of the foot deformity, your age, and your activity level. The recovery time will depend on which procedure or procedures are performed. Surgery may be recommended to correct a tailor's bunion, but is unlikely to be recommended for an adolescent bunion.
Only people with PD showed a significant difference in the overall incidence of cancer compared with controls (rate ratio (RR) 0.76, 95% CIs 0.70 to 0.82 before PD; RR 0.61, 0.53 to 0.70, after PD). RRs were close to 1 for cancer in patients after MND (0.98, 0.75 to 1.26) and after MS (0.96, 0.83 to 1.09). There were high rate ratios for malignant brain cancer (7.4, 2.4 to 17.5) and Hodgkin's lymphoma (5.3, 1.1 to 15.6) in patients diagnosed with MND after cancer. In people with MS, malignant brain cancer also showed an increased RR both before hospital admission with a diagnosis of MS (3.2, 1.1 to 7.6) and after (2.4, 1.2 to 4.5). In people with PD, several specific cancers showed significantly and substantially reduced RRs for cancer, notably smoking related cancers, including lung cancer (0.5, 0.4 to 0.7, before PD; 0.5, 0.4 to 0.8, after PD) but also cancers that are not strongly smoking related, including colon cancer (0.7, 0.6 to 0.9, before PD; 0.5, 0.4 to 0.8, after PD).


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Ahead of Wednesday's USDA Crop Report traders are thinking about asset preservation as it is expected that the markets are going to continue in the trading range as it has been of late. To listen to Arlan Suderman and John Jenkinson discuss the markets on The Ag Network, use the audio player on this page.
Arlan Suderman is Market Analyst for Farm Futures magazine and FarmFutures.com. He has served on the staff of Farm Progress Cos. since May 2000, providing market analysis and commentary for its family of 18 state and regional publications. His Afternoon Recap provides market analysis on this site each afternoon that the grain trade is open. Suderman also provides real-time market commentary via Twitter at twitter.com/ArlanFF101. Suderman brings a wealth of hands-on experience to the table after completing his Certified Crop Advisor status in 1997 while serving in the Kansas Extension Service.


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Completion of first-year requirements with no failures. Students must have an average of at least 70% in 3.0 principal courses, including at least 0.5 course from Centre for Global Studies 1021F/G, Centre for Global Studies 1022F/G, Centre for Global Studies 1023F/G or the former Centre for Global Studies 1000E, plus 2.5 additional courses, with no mark in these principal courses below 60%. Students should note the language requirement for graduation in this module when selecting first year courses. Anthropology, English, Geography, History, Media, Information and Technoculture, Philosophy, Political Science, Sociology, and Women's Studies are recommended as first year courses.
9.0 courses:
1.0 course: CGS 2004F/G, CGS 3001F/G.
0.5 course from: CGS 2002F/G, CGS 2003F/G.
0.5 course from: CGS 3005F/G, CGS 3006F/G.
1.0 course from: CGS 3509F/G, CGS 3514F/G, CGS 3517F/G, CGS 3518F/G.
1.0 course from: CGS 3513F/G, CGS 3521F/G, CGS 3522F/G, CGS 3525F/G.
2.0 courses from: CGS 3000 - 4999 level
1.0 course from: CGS 4000 - 4999 level.
2.0 courses from: Anthropology 2201F/G, Anthropology 2203F/G, Anthropology 2262F/G, Anthropology 2272F/G, Anthropology 2282F/G, Anthropology 2284F/G, Chinese 2243F/G, Chinese 3652F/G, English 2361E, English 2362F/G, First Nations Studies 2601F/G, Foods and Nutrition 2300A/B, Foods and Nutrition 3320A/B, French 3752F/G, Geography 2411F/G, Geography 3422A/B, Geography 3443F/G, Geography 3445F/G History 2701E, History 2702E, History 2709F/G, History 3851F/G, Japanese 3650F/G, MIT 3110F/G, MIT 3130F/G, MIT 3133F/G, MIT 3216F/G, MIT 3352F/G, MIT 3932F/G, or the former MIT 3718F/G, Philosophy 2810F/G, Philosophy 2812F/G, Philosophy 3820F/G, Political Science 2257, Political Science 3356F/G, Political Science 3368E, Political Science 3386F/G, Social Justice and Peace Studies 3380F/G, Social Justice and Peace Studies 3381F/G, Sociology 2281A/B, Sociology 3318F/G, Sociology 3338E, Women's Studies 3305F/G, Women's Studies 3350F/G, Writing 2222F/G, the former Anthropology 4402F/G, the former First Nations Studies 2111E, the former First Nations Studies 2532F/G, the former Political Science 3300E or other courses approved by the Centre for Global Studies.
Students are permitted to use language courses at the 2000 level or above to meet module requirements where appropriate.


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26 February 2000
Sleight of head
THE head-bobbing so characteristic of walking pigeons is an illusion.
Scientists have long suspected that a pigeon's head is locked in space with the
body moving beneath it. Now Nikolaus Troje of the University of the Ruhr in
Bochum, Germany, has the measurements to prove it (The Journal of
Experimental Biology, vol 203, p 935).
Troje videoed pigeons from different angles during a variety of activities,
including courtship and feeding. Then he and a colleague analysed the video
frame by frame. They found that the pigeons' heads were actually motionless
while they "bobbed", possibly allowing them to process images …


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Local hero Zhang Ling swiftly dumped out of Hong Kong Tennis Open by ruthless Radwanska
Hong Kong number one exits home tournament inside 70 minutes
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Hong Kong's interest in the singles event at this week's Prudential Hong Kong Tennis Open lasted barely 70 minutes on Tuesday as the city's number one player, Zhang Ling, suffered another first round exit at her home tournament, going down 6-1, 6-2 against world number 18 Agnieszka Radwanska at Victoria Park on Tuesday.
The fourth-seeded Pole, making her debut at the Hong Kong event, was in no mood to prolong matters as temperatures soared to 32 degrees Celsius on a baking hot centre court.
.@ARadwanska navigates past Zhang 6-1, 6-2!
Books @HKTennisOpen Second round spot! pic.twitter.com/1ZNfSGZXiM
— WTA (@WTA) October 10, 2017
Zhang was broken for the first time in the fourth game and was never able to find her way back into a one-sided opening set before eventually going down 6-1 inside 25 minutes.
"I think I was let down a little by my attacking shots today," Zhang said afterwards. "In the first set I was waiting a little too much and I think I should have been more aggressive on my feet.
In the second and final set, Zhang quickly lost her serve again and 28-year-old Radwanska, who is yet to win a title in 2017, took full advantage of her break points as she sealed an easy win over the home-town hero.
Samantha Stosur struggles to opening round victory over lowly Lee in Hong Kong Tennis Open
On what was a chastening day for the Hong Kong player she was, at least, able to draw positives from her performance.
"In the second set I tried to change my game plan a little and go to net more, and I think that worked well," said the 27-year-old. "To be honest, I think if I want to reach a higher level, that's the part I need to concentrate on and make it my weapon."
Radwanksa will now meet Australian Sam Stosur in the second round.
Of her upcoming clash with Stosur, the Pole said: "Sam plays a different game [to Zhang] and has a great serve ... I've known Sam for many years, although we didn't play for a while. I think its going to be a really good match."
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A new report, commissioned by Intertrust, has found that 61% of real estate investors are concerned about the impact of the new regime on taxing gains made by non-resident investors on UK real estate. This includes 13% of property investors who are 'extremely' concerned, according to the survey.
Under the new changes, which are due to come into effect in April 2019, non-resident investors will pay Capital Gains Tax (CGT) on disposals of all types of UK real estate, extending rules that currently apply to residential property only. The rule changes are designed to create a single regime for disposals of commercial and residential real estate and a level playing field for UK and non-UK based investors.
These changes have sparked a wave of uncertainty among real estate investors, according to the survey. The leading concern associated with the changes, cited by 57% of investors, was the amount of transaction costs they will incur for restructuring their interests.
Intertrust's survey also asked respondents about their likely response to the changes, with 32% saying that they will need to alter their structures. Given the complexity of this process, many investors said that they would be seeking external assistance, with 22% having either already consulted, or planning to consult, with advisors on how to manage the change.
Jon Barratt, Head of Real Estate at Intertrust, said: "With the new CGT regime presenting a fundamental shift in the international property investment landscape, we're seeing an increasing number of clients turn to us to discuss what exactly the changes mean for them and their investments.
With 40% of investors having maintained or increased their allocations to UK property over the last 12 months, the UK has continued to be one of the most popular destinations for overseas capital. Whether the UK retains its appeal over the next year remains to be seen. This change to CGT is just one more area of uncertainty in a market already exposed to the unknown outcomes of Brexit."


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Sun, 26 March 2017
Join Carlos, Nev and Matt as they take a look through the world of aviation.
In an episode that appears to be sponsored by a low cost carrier and the British flag carrier we discuss a new low cost UK carrier, outrage as an airline's website goes offline for maintenance during a sale and there's a refit on the cards for the A380.
We get some feedback from the Virgin Lounge at Melbourne Airport.
It's a sad day in the world of Military as Lossiemouth lose their Tornado Squadron.
Why not catch the live show if you can - We usually record the show on a Friday evening at 19:00 UCT LIVE via YouTube with a great bunch of people all chipping in via the chatroom. Take yourself to http://www.youtube.com/c/planetalkinguk/live.
Your feedback is always appreciated; you can send this in to us via email@example.com.
Direct download: PTUK_157.mp3
Category:Aviation -- posted at: 10:00am UTC
Sun, 19 March 2017
Join Carlos, Matt, Al, Pip and Mila for their latest trawl through the news stories of the week.
In this episode we discuss the Uber of the aviation world, unhappy passengers kick up a storm over snow cancellations and one ground handling crew has some questions to answer over passenger luggage.
We're treated to some great feedback from Jenny in Rome and some of the lineup for RIAT is announced.
If you haven't done so already, why not treat your ears to a great listen with the Plane Safety Podcast hosted by our resident flight expert Pilot Pip. - http://www.planesafetypodcast.com.
Direct download: PTUK_156.mp3
Category:Aviation -- posted at: 10:00am UTC
Sun, 12 March 2017
Join Carlos, Matt and Adrian as they take their weekly trawl through the big aviation news of the week.
In today's show we discuss double beds in for one airline, our national treasure of an airline reduces it's seat pitch to much furore and an investigation is launched at one airline as an allegation is lodged over a pilot participating in the 'pre-flight' safety demonstration.
Pilot Pip discusses the rather raw subject in light of French Air Traffic Control strikes of Diversions.
In the military we're talking custom paint jobs for fighter jets and there's talk of Osprey's being fitted with Rocket Guns. A link to one story sent in to us by one of our awesome listeners HAS to be seen to be believed with the F35 Fighter :
We talk to Adrian about his recent acquisition and his path to obtaining his PPL.
Why not send in your feedback or stories you'd like us to cover in to us at email@example.com.
Direct download: PTUK155.mp3
Category:Aviation -- posted at: 10:00am UTC
Sun, 5 March 2017
Join Carlos (yes he's back!), Matt, Captain Nick and (should be) Sir Rick Bell for this week's Aviation News.
In this episode we discuss strict baggage allowance enforcement at Dubai airport, Wizz Air announce new plans for a base at Luton and Citylink are suspended by aviation watchdog for severe weather take off.
The official report into the Shoreham Air Show incident is released and the government document can be found on their website here - https://www.gov.uk/aaib-reports/aircraft-accident-report-aar-1-2017-g-bxfi-22-august-2015.
In the military we discuss some of the news which was released at Avalon this week.
We also chat to Rick Bell about the forthcoming 'Wings over Pittsburgh' event in May. Full details can be found here - http://www.pittsburgh.afrc.af.mil/News/OpenHouse.aspx.
If you'd like to treat yourself to some quality PTUK merchandise then why not take yourself to http://www.planetalkinguk.com/store.
Direct download: PTUK_154.mp3
Category:Aviation -- posted at: 10:00am UTC


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I have a new project, a continuation of Mommy's Piggy Tales, this time about our Young Adult Years. It's a more write-whatever-you-want kind of deal, so today I've chosen to record my courtship (at least the beginning of it) with Hubby. In the summer of '96, I started law school. For whatever reason, this school starts one section of its students in the summer, so there were about 80 of us on the law school campus. Y'all, it was like summer camp. Until it hit me about 6 weeks in that, um, we're going to be tested on this stuff! But I digress. The point is, with only 80 people, we all got to know each other. No, this isn't where I want to start, let's try this again.
In the spring of 1996, I was a senior in college. I had been admitted to several law schools but was waitlisted at another. One day, the dean of admissions from the waitlist school called me and offered me a spot in the section starting in the summer. For a number of reasons, including starting in the summer, I chose to go to that law school. So one week after graduating from college, I started law school.
My mom drove me to law school and I met a few students when I reached the quad. I met a few more students when I went to get my ID. I met several girls when I moved into the dorm. Then I met a bunch of people on Orientation Day. The day after Orientation, day 2 of law school, was Service Day. We all went over to a nursing home. Oh and we were told to wear old clothes you could get dirty. Now of course I packed light for law school so I didn't exactly bring a bunch of rags with me. So I wore a sweatshirt I'd bought 4 years before when I was looking at colleges. In other words, I was wearing a college sweatshirt from a school I DID NOT GO TO. Bad idea! All day long, every one of my new classmates asked me, "Did you go to {school A}?" People who asked me that early in the day got the long answer "no, I almost did, I got this when I visited but yada yada yada I went to {school B}." That got old real fast so if you asked me late in the day you got the succinct "no, I went to {school B.}"
The first time I met Hubby, I don't actually remember. As he tells it (cuz he's a sweetie), he saw this cute girl (me) in a {school A} sweatshirt and so he initiated a conversation, knowing several of his high school friends who'd gone to {school A}. We were standing near the elevators and he says hi and asks me if I went to {school A.} It was late in the day so I said, "no, I went to {school B.}" As he didn't know anyone who went there (I'm not even sure he'd heard of the school), that was the end of the conversation and I got on the elevator and he was bummed.
The second time I met Hubby was a few days later. This time I remember our meeting but he doesn't. ;-) It was at a party on the quad. I met him and two other guys at the same time, we only talked for a few minutes.
So then we start classes and formed our cliques and so forth. Then a bunch of us girls started going to church together on Sundays. One Sunday as mass was starting, we noticed Hubby sitting by himself a few rows over from us. So we asked him to join us. From then on, he was in our little Catholic going-to-church group.
Okay, so when I started law school, I flirted with everybody. But I really didn't think about Hubby because the word about him was "he wanted an undergrad."
Second semester started in the fall. Hubby sat behind me in one of my classes and one day at the end of class as we were all leaving, he tapped me with his pen and said goodbye or see ya later or whatever. I noticed because you know we all saw each other all the time (we were still having all of our classes together as a section), so it was strange to have such a pointed, personal goodbye.
One day, I went shopping with friends, an engaged couple I'll call Jack and Jill. I mentioned that I thought this guy (I'll call him Joe) was funny. They cautioned me away from him (thank you, he was totally a player) and Jill said, I kid you not, "like Hubby." As a command. I was all, no, he likes undergrads. Then Jack explained he thought that was just a put-on so he doesn't get pulled into the whole "who do you like?" pairing up thing. Hmmmm, I thought. Well, he did tap me with a pen the other day. And we all thought hmmmm.
So then I saw him with fresh eyes. I started listening to him talk at dinner in the dining hall and I found him more interesting than I'd previously thought. I remember we had some conversations around campus and then came Rock 'n' Bowl. It was a Thursday night and our section went bowling. Several times that night, Hubby came over and visited me at my lane and I went over to his lane and I guess we started flirting that night.
The next night, Friday, was movies on the quad. I was in a friend's room and telling her I was starting to like Hubby and she agreed he was a good guy. Then the movie started so I went down to the quad and found some friends, including Jack and Jill. The movie was "Babe" (about the pig) and we were having a fun time and I thought how much I'd like for Hubby to be sitting next to me. I even wished it on a star. I kid you not. I did the whole "star light, star bright" rigmarole and wished that Hubby would sit next to me.
As Hubby tells it, he had a couple beers in his fridge so he grabbed them and headed down the quad toward a friend's room, then he noticed the movie was playing. He saw someone he could sit with but a voice told him to keep walking. Then he spotted me and my group--and he joined us! {So my wish came true!}
So we watched the rest of Babe together, then the second movie was something James Bond and I made snarky comments all through it, which Hubby tolerated so that was a good sign.
Saturday we ran into each other on the quad and were talking and I could hear my phone ringing so we went up to my room and Jill had left a message about going to a movie that night (a plan already in the works, she was just letting me know time and movie) so I turned to Hubby and invited him along and he agreed--so this was our first double date with Jack and Jill.
Following the movie, we all made plans to go to Cracker Barrel the next night, so we did that Sunday night and at some point Hubby said the movie Braveheart was like an epic poem and I had to see it, so we made plans to watch that together the next Wednesday.
Between Sunday and Wednesday we walked and talked a lot. Wednesday rolled around and I had second thoughts about our date. But then I thought "{Hubby} makes me smile."
So he came over to my room to watch the movie and long story short we stayed up all night talking (yes, talking, no funny business). It was a magical night and the start of it all. We got engaged a year later, married a year after that. 12 years next week. For many years, we celebrated the anniversary of "Braveheart night" by rewatching the movie.
There you have it, how I met my husband. It's a really long story but I tried to keep it short, hopefully not too short to lose it's magic. Go to Mommy's Piggy Tales to read more stories from our Young Adult Years and come back here next week when I'll be talking about... I have no idea! Stayed tuned! ;-)
Tell me, how did you and your husband meet?
Monday, October 11, 2010
5 comments:
- Ginny Marie said...
Aw, what a sweet story! That flirting stage is so fun to remember!
I have your link up on Mommy's Piggy Tales. Thanks for letting me know...I thought it was working! :)
- October 11, 2010 at 7:54 PM
Love your story! I can't wait to read more of it.
- October 12, 2010 at 10:37 AM
- Berry Patch said...
I think it's so funny when I remember stuff my hubby doesn't. He does the same to me though. ;-)
- October 12, 2010 at 3:50 PM
- MommaHarms said...
What sweet memories to have written down. We aslo have our share of "he remembers/she remembers" situations.
- October 12, 2010 at 8:44 PM
- gianna said...
I love the word snarky! Especially about james Bond!
I met my husband that same year in the fall. We got married the year after you did....we are on 11 years!
- October 13, 2010 at 1:56 PM
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