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If there's one thing lawyers have in common, it's that they don't throw a lot away. That's good news when attorneys locate a court transcript or a memo that will save their client's hide in court, but it can make things sticky for those faced with searching through mounds of paper and electronic documents for an errant piece of information.
Although such a scenario seems ready-made for a knowledge-management-based system, law firms aren't generally known for technical daring, and many are still mired in the land of filing cabinets and fragmented islands of information. But as the Washington, D.C.-based firm of Dickstein Shapiro Morin & Oshinsky is learning, expanding the access to institutional knowledge across a law firm makes for a more efficient day in court.
Dickstein Shapiro's efforts to organise its information began in 1992, long before KM became a buzzword du jour. The IT department reviewed the attorneys' document production efforts during a migration to Windows, examining the way the company created and dispensed memos and letters to clients and co-counsel. Based on attorney input, the group decided that the firm needed a way to standardise document creation so that attorneys could concentrate on what went into memos rather than how to format them.
Once that was in place, it made sense to track what documents went to which clients. "We decided it would be a good thing to collect the knowledge that occurs between the user and their clients," says Keith D. Berkland, application development manager for the firm. So in 1996 the firm's IT department introduced a system that records correspondence from an attorney to a client, allowing subsequent attorneys for the same client to review previous work. That meant all attorneys in the firm had access to the same information about a particular client rather than having it inhabit the brain of one or two people. And the seeds of knowledge management began to sprout.
But while the document management system and the relationship management system helped the firm move toward the larger goal of knowledge sharing, it didn't integrate disparate sources of information. Dickstein Shapiro attorneys worked from as many as 30 or 40 different litigation databases as well as paper documents and electronic documents in dozens of formats that stored memos, briefs and transcripts of court proceedings. Users had to learn to use several different applications if they wanted access to all of the information. The system didn't track e-mail, nor could attorneys use it to search through court transcripts and legal briefs. What's more, attorneys fresh from law school had no quick way of learning how to find what they needed. The firm used mentoring efforts to teach newbies, but that consumed both time and money. And the longer it took new attorneys to learn their way around, the longer it was before they could start billing hours on their own.
That's when Angelo Arcadipane, the firm's managing partner, approached the IT department and asked for a system to record and categorize precedence information, which is the knowledge that comes from memos, letters, briefs and opinions related to a particular case. Berkland and Fran Durako, the director of information technology, decided to use that request to institute a company-wide system that centrally stores and integrates information. "To us, [knowledge management] meant sharing and disseminating information in the simplest and most relevant way possible for the users of the information (the attorneys) to do their work," says Durako.
Assessing Needs
The two decided to use the 125 members of the firm's insurance practice as a pilot group. They chose the insurance group because it works with the most disparate types of information, such as complex insurance statutes that vary from state to state.
Much of the research responsibility for the insurance practice fell to Cherylyn Briggs, insurance research and resources manager for the firm. As the keeper of the insurance group's records and a lawyer herself, attorneys sought her help for case research, which involved examining transcripts, opinions and legal memos from the library's system. Alternatively, attorneys would send an e-mail around asking if anyone knew about a particular case or issue.
Both parts of the system were fallible, however. "[Research] was limited by how much I could read through," Briggs says. For instance, she scanned transcripts looking for particular keywords. If she didn't spot them, the attorney-and the client-were out of luck. "Attorneys could never be confident that they had seen everything we'd produced," says Briggs. And no matter how good Briggs was, attorneys were still relying on the institutional knowledge of one person to cover all their bases. As for the e-mail queries, whether the right person received and read the e-mail was anybody's guess.
System Focus
So Berkland and Durako gathered two attorneys and five members of the IT department to assess the company's KM needs and find a system that fit. They primarily wanted a system that let users search and index the firm's knowledge stores without having to pull that information from its native environment. So, for example, if a piece of information resided in a Notes database, they wanted a system that could search that database rather than physically move the data to a new environment just so a user could search through it.
In early 1999, after a search that took nearly a year, the review team settled on Fulcrum Knowledge Server from Hummingbird Communications in Toronto. Besides being able to work in native environments, the system allowed for customization. And, says Berkland, the firm already had a good working relationship with the company.
After deciding on Fulcrum, the review team brought in members of the insurance group, including Briggs, and other IT staffers to assess the group's informational needs. Berkland began attending their weekly litigation reviews to get an idea of what documents the attorneys were interested in accessing. Through the information extracted from those meetings and conversations with attorneys, the IT department zeroed in on the two main needs of the insurance group. Insurance attorneys usually looked for either a particular type of document to use as a template, like an outline for preparing a deposition, or information about recurring legal insurance issues, such as what damages are covered under what circumstances or the meaning of certain words in insurance policies.
The group then began to restructure each data repository (databases, Word documents, SQL files) to fit the needs of the insurance attorneys. They also reviewed cabinets full of paper files, which they scanned into the system. The group worked for the first six months of 1999, and the system was initially installed in June. But Berkland cautions that capturing all the data is an ongoing process. "Adding to the knowledge stores is like feeding a hungry elephant," he says. "It never ends."
After doing some testing, Berkland and Durako set the insurance group loose on Fulcrum in September 1999. Users primarily access the system through a web browser with a password, and all of the information is available to each attorney instead of just to Briggs. The system indexes disparate repositories, such as transcripts, opinions, e-mails and legal memos, verifies a user's access and delivers the results in a common screen interface, searching more than 150,000 documents and returning the results in less than a second. For example, a search on a possible witness's name would return any previous depositions the firm had had from that witness; similarly, a search on asbestos and Company B would return anything related.
Look to the Future
There were several inevitable bumps along the way. For one thing, the system didn't record who first authored the documents-crucial to attorneys who want to talk to the author or verify the information. Durako and Berkland added a field to Fulcrum to include that information. E-mail is still not managed systematically: currently, users must manually add e-mail information to a knowledge store that's unique to each client in the system. If they forget, the information is essentially lost.
But while there's no way to make sure every crumb of knowledge gets into the system, Durako and Berkland have witnessed enough success that they plan to extend the system to the other groups in the firm.
For example, Briggs tells the story of an attorney who was preparing to depose a witness from an insurance company. After a search of paper files turned up no mention of the witness, the attorney assumed that the firm had never deposed him. But a full-text search on Fulcrum revealed that the firm had indeed deposed the same witness for a different case. Because that deposition was part of another witness's deposition, it didn't show up in the original search. Without Fulcrum, the original deposition would have remained out of sight.
The IT department plans to expand the system to other sections of Dickstein Shapiro, a slow process that involves an analysis of each group's informational needs. Durako also plans, ultimately, to build an enterprise information portal that will allow cocounsel and clients to communicate with the attorneys. But that's in the future. For now, the goal is simple. Remember the e-mail messages attorneys send around to figure out who in the firm knows something about a particular topic? "We'll have had total success when those messages disappear," says Durako.
Join the CIO Australia group on LinkedIn. The group is open to CIOs, IT Directors, COOs, CTOs and senior IT managers.


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This was a major disappointment. We needed to book in a rush which was our mistake. It was not worth the 160 we paid to stay the night. The room smelt like stale men's cologne and was seriously outdated.
"Wifi was very weak and slow. Ask for the room in the company photos, if it exists."

subset: commoncrawl


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Asifa Bano rape: Bollywood stars join protest
Bollywood celebrities, along with thousands of Mumbai residents, gathered on Sunday for a peaceful protest against the rape and murder of an eight-year-old girl in Kathua, Jammu and Kashmir, and the rape of a teenage girl in Unnao, Uttar Pradesh.
Rajkummar Rao, Patralekha, Sameera Reddy, Twinkle Khanna along with her son Arav and husband Akshay Kumar, actress Tara Sharma, music director Vishal Dadlani, singer and social activist Sona Mohapatra, filmmaker Kiran Rao, Aditi Rao Hydari, veteran actress Helen were among those who took to the streets of Bandra to protest against the incidents and seek justice.
They were holding placards and posters that read #justiceforasifa.
Some young girls were also present at the gathering holding posters that read: "This is not just rape, this is genocide with state support."
"Before having a Swachh Bharat [clean India], we want a safe Bharat," read the placard of a young burkha-clad girl.
Dadlani said: "We want to stop this nonsense now... we want action and we want it now. Once the man is accused and guilty of raping and killing a baby girl, he should be hanged then and [there]."
"Our gathering shows that we as a community stand for the cause; there is a helplessness that we all feel and therefore we are standing here. We want justice," said Mohapatra.
Several actresses such as Kareena Kapoor Khan, Swara Bhaskar, Sonam Kapoor, Shruti Seth and Mini Mathur also held placards asking for justice for the eight-year-old girl.


text: Introduction to Thanatology HUMN 9028 Online OntarioLearn Email to a Friend OntarioLearn description: This course introduces students to thanatology; the study of death and dying. Students will develop an understanding of the broad, interdisciplinary nature of thanatology and will explore personal attitudes and experiences of death. Current issues and topics in thanatology such as near death experiences, death in the arts and media and the business of the funeral industry will also be explored. Note(s) This is an online course delivered via OntarioLearn. Please ensure you are familiar with the basic technology requirements for OntarioLearn online courses. Teacher support (via email) and technical support (via phone) will be available for this course. Contact Information 416-415-5000, ext. 6543 firstname.lastname@example.com Course Section(s) Available There are no classes currently scheduled for this course. For more information about future offerings, use the contact information listed above. Some courses require you to purchase a textbook. The cost of the textbook is not included in the course fee unless otherwise indicated. If there is a textbook assigned for this course, it will be listed on the bookstore website.


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Plantae>Magnoliophyta>Magnoliopsida>Gentianales>Apocynaceae>Thyrsanthella difformis (Walter) Pichon
Climbing Dogbane is an uncommon deciduous low-growing woody vine of the eastern half of North Carolina, most common in moist habitats, such as here at Jordan Lake.
Until recently known as Trachelospermum difforme (Walter) Gray, this species is not closely related to the Asian Trachelospermum species, so should be called Thrysanthella difformis.
Chatham Co., NC 9/20/08.
The opposite leaves are similar to those of Carolina Jessamine, but slightly broader, not as thick, and have milky sap. See also Trumpet Honeysuckle and Japanese Honeysuckle.
Chatham Co., NC 9/20/08.
The reddish seed pods (technically, follicles) are very long and thin, about 1-2 mm thick and 10-20 cm long.
Chatham Co., NC 9/20/08.
The leaf form is extremely variable, hence the name difforme. The linear leaves in the foreground and the elliptic-ovate leaves in the background are from the same plant. Stems are reddish.
Chatham Co., NC 9/20/08.
Another example of the linear leaf form. The sap that exudes when you break a leaf is milky, as you would expect from a member of the dogbane family (Apocynaceae).
Chatham Co., NC 9/20/08.
This southeastern US native is the only representative of the genus Trachelospermum in the United States, though the high-climbing evergreen Trachelospermum jasminoides (Confederate Jasmine) is commonly planted.
Chapel Hill, NC 5/31/04.
Chapel Hill, NC 6/15/06.
The 5-parted flowers are creamy-white with reflexed petals.
Chapel Hill, NC 5/31/04.
Chapel Hill, NC 6/15/06.
Chatham Co., NC 9/20/08.
More information:
Forestry Images
USDA PLANTS Database
Revised 9/24/08 firstname.lastname@example.com
All photographs and text ©2008 by Will Cook unless otherwise indicated.


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July 2017 News
Next Club Day
Sunday, 23rd July 2017 at Leighton Pye's property, 759 Badham Road, Orton, Temuka. Directions are for those travelling on State Highway 1 from the North just prior to the Orari bridge turn left into Farm Road and those travelling from the South turn right into Farm Road after you have crossed the Orari Bridge. Travel down Farm Road turning left into Badham Road and travel to Pye's at 759.
In the event of cancellation due to the weather this will be on our Facebook page by 8.00am and will also be on our local radio station Port FM
Please no dogs and remember to clean up after yourselves and respect the farmers property.
Scrutineering is at 10:00am – 10:30 followed by drivers briefing. Please bring karts to the sign in table and form 2 lines for karts to be scrutineered. Please wait with your kart then sign in. Can we please have clean karts for scrutineering. Numbers must be on all four sides of the kart and be clearly readable, black on white or white on black. No numbers, no points.
One of the discussions at the AGM was to enforce the Club rules especially in relation to scrutineering to ensure karts comply with the rules – this is safety not only for you the driver but for other karters as well. If your kart fails at scrutineering it will be noted in our log book and you will be given one month (or until you attend your next race meeting) to bring your kart up to standard. If your kart fails again for the same reason you will not be allowed to race.
A couple of entries are already in the 'notebook' and you were spoken to at the time – please ensure you rectify these problems or you will not be allowed to race
Points Race:
Our points system which was adopted last season will remain the same with 2 points received for entry and then race points based on how many entries received for each grade. You must be a full financial club member to participate in the points race and collect points
With such a fantastic turnout of karters over the last few months race meetings now is a timely reminder to ensure you are familiar with the rules so I have randomly selected a couple from the NZ Champs Rule book and I will continue to do this over the next few months and add to the newsletter.
I have copies available of our Club rules at our race meetings – if you would like a copy then come and see me.
Rule 6. Side Bars
These are to be constructed of minimum 19mm OD tube, the lower bar must be no more than 130mm from the ground at any point, and no closer than 50mm to the ground. The upper bar must be a minimum of 100mm and maximum of 200mm directly above the lower bar, and must meet general kart dimensions. Front of bars must be no more than 200mm from the front wheel (with the wheels straight ahead), and no more than 100mm from the back wheel, and must not protrude outside wheels, or be more than 50mm inside wheels. Plastic side pods may be used, but must meet all general kart dimensions
Rule 7. Chain Guard
Must be fitted to cover the top of ALL of the drive chain. Must continue downwards at the rear to a minimum of the axle centre line and must be able to deflect the chain downwards in the event of a break.
Rule 9. Kill Switch
Must be accessible and CLEARLY IDENTIFIED. Must be working. Must be mounted on the steering column or on the steering wheel.
Racing at Albury – 25th June
A great turn out considering the weather on the morning of racing – 37 karters braved the cold start to the day where a great track was set up but unfortunately this turned to mud very quickly adding another dimension to kart racing – a mud plug!
As most of you are aware Kyle Robertson's day came to a premature end when his floor pan became dislodged from his frame dragging not only this but also his leg back under the kart therefore having a ride in the ambulance to Timaru Hospital – no flashing lights though. I am pleased to report he is on the mend but it will be some time before he is out racing with us. He is at home ever so slightly bored but busy scheming new kart developments so watch out for his return.
Please check your floor pans and ensure you have penny washers under all the bolts holding the floor pan to the frame.
Subs are now due for the 2017 / 2018 season which is $50.00 per family residing at the same address.
These can either be paid by cash/cheque on race day or by Internet banking direct into the Club's account – 03 0839 0087789 00 – please ensure you quote your name and kart number and "subs"as reference details.
We still require you to fill in the Membership Form which is attached with this newsletter and also available at race meetings.
The BBQ will be running during the lunch break with sausage/bread/onions for $2.00 and also have small bottles of fizzy drink for $1.00
These will be published to our website www.sckartclub.co.nz and shared on our Facebook page South Canterbury Family Grass Kart Club. Please check out our website for news and race dates.
A big thanks to all our volunteers that help out leading up to and on our club days, your help is greatly appreciated.
See you all at our next race meeting


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Category: | Unique
The shed looks normal from the outside, but step inside, and you can travel anywhere in the world, and an amazing view to go with it! Is it a bird, is it a plane, well Errr no, it's a shed, but it's also a Boeing 737-800 simulator
The shed took a day to build, it's insulated and plaster boarded inside. The cockpit has taken three years to build, completed summer last year. I love me shed, the wife thinks it's all a bit over the top!! All the switches and knobs work as the would in a real Boeing, it's run by four computers 6 monitors and a projector for outside views.
Year first entered 2014
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Monthly P/L: £755.34
Up until reading this post, I had really thought the Premium charge wasn't quite as bad as people had been making out, and it wouldn't really have that much effect on the ordinary small time trader.
This has really brought the reality of it to me.
The amount you have been charged this week seems grossly out of proportion to what you usually earn.
Its a terrible situation to be in....stick with Betfair and get ripped off, or go to Betdaq and suffer due to the poor liquidity.
Amazing how quickly Betfair has declined from being the punters friend, to being the evil empire!!!
Not sure about your position re BB Mark.
If you are going to go green on Coolio, then you surely must have Ulrika in your book as well. She's generally polling higher and has momentum. I dont think last nights show was very positive for Coolio either especially his Ulrika bashing towards the end.
I think Verne still looks likely but i agree doubt is creeping in and there could be a suprise.
Check out the BB thread on UBF before you make your final book.
Betfair should be re-named one of the following:
This premium charge seems akin to income tax. The more you earn, the more you pay!
The only difference is that income tax is then used to fund society; the premium tax goes straight into BF's over-stuffed coffers.
I have had very little to do with BF, just a few TV punts now and then. After a problem with their SP system I told them to close my account. They should remember the old adage: The Bigger they are, the Harder they Fall.
Additionally, the BF Casino stuff is further evidence of their grasping nature.
From what I understand alot of the cricket traders (don't quote me on this) have moved over to Betdaq, so perhaps liquidity on cricket may be good? Ovbiously not all the big traders have moved there but enough to make some of the games at the end of last season more liquid than Betfair! that said though that did coinside with the announcement of the premium charge, maybe they've all moved back to Betfair, who knows! Anyone know what the money was like on Betdaq over the winter for cricket one days?
Hi Amorphous,
It appears that even those like ourselves are in the line of fire and it doesn't feel right.
I'm really hoping that Bet Angel will launch full market depth for their Betdaq software soon, as that will be another hurdle crossed of in making the switch.
All the best mate,
Hi Gary (shipwreck?)
Nice to hear from you mate.
I just feel Coolio is over priced and although he's controversial there's a bit of the lovable rogue about him. Google searches for this week also indicate that Ulrika and Verne are struggling in comparison so I'll probably stick with my book for the time being.
If Coolio gets to the final two I may hedge my bets though :-)
All the best,
Hi Philip,
The worst thing about all this is that I've been a huge Betfair fan in the past and have sung their praises to everyone who's been willing to listen.
How they can victimise a portion of their customers and not others doesn't make sense to me.
All the best,
Hi Anonymous,
I intend to be taking a very good look at the in-play Betdaq cricket markets when the IPL kicks off in April.
If they're half as good as Betfair's then I think I'll be doing most of my trading there.
All the best,
How many markets do you trade on Mark? I only trade cricket and had I been playing more markets then I would certainly be paying the premium charge myself.
It'll be interesting to see how many markets I will be playing in the summer when I will be trading full time, with the IPL, the T20 WC, Pro40 and the Ashes. I only trade match odds (currently) so I imagine I'll be fine regards the 250 market threshold. Is another account not an option to avoid paying the PC, that would give you a further 250 markets to play with.
Hi johnterry,
In the last 10 months I've played around 700 markets so I'm well over the 250 threshold so it would take me way too long to try and get my 60 week total below that moving forward.
Betfair did the analysis on this type of thing before releasing the Premium Charge and knew the situation people like me would be in regarding this.
I only trade match odds too so it's surprising how these things add up.
Can't wait for the cricket you mention to kick-off - it should be great.
All the best mate,
Hope you changed that book mate!
Hi Shippy,
Yes mate, I did.
As soon as Ulrika made it to the final two I could see the writing on the wall. Greened up at that stage for a very small profit.
All the best,


text:
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text:
100 FINDS IN 100 DAYS: #27 1800s Pewter Plate
In this series, we have selected 100 metal detecting finds that were extremely difficult to detect and recover, and provide details on the circumstances and techniques that contributed to their successful recovery.
KEEPER: Pictured with accompanying finds for that day, this is a really cool pewter plate with an oriental scene showing a figure with a monkey on his back is walking through a hayfield with a cat following behind. Have not identified exactly or determined exact purpose, but most experts agree that it is at least from the middle 1800s.
SITE: The site of an old mill.
SITE EVALUATION: 8 of 10 An incredible place to detect.
PERMISSION: Public
Clear the Way: There was a pile of sticks and metal debris that I had ignored on previous hunts on this site. I took the time to clear the debris and work through some of the iron and trash. This resulted in several finds, including this plate.
Please discuss this article below!!! We want to hear from you. Please follow Detecting365 or share this article on Facebook or Twitter.


text:
I wrote another small solution, but this time it simplifies searching for correlation IDs. The idea is that by using SharePoint's built-in PowerShell cmdlets, the whole farm can be queried for a correlation id. Feel free to try out a bèta release. Ideas and suggestions are always welcome.
You can find the project on codeplex: http://sp2010getcorrelation.codeplex.com/.


text:
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text:
Sandoval County marriage licenses are valid, according to NM's attorney general.
Couples married in other states & countries? You're married.
Married this week in New Mexico? You're married too.
So that's it. We're done. That was the whole agenda, it's now complete, and the lawyers are going to work out the details. Enjoy equality!


text:
|Our local historian and friend, Herb Adams proclaims
the Declaration of Independence at the Longfellow House
on July 4th, 2017
We recently celebrated our 241st year as an independent Nation. I think it's rather amazing, and, considering the tumultuous century that preceded; perhaps even miraculous. This is certainly evident in Maine's early history,and for the purposes of this blog, the city of Portland. I will not attempt to give a full account of this history, but highlight events that will lead to the re-settlement and the stories of those early settlers of the East Deering Village interred at the Grand Trunk Cemetery.
I'd like to cite a few resources that I found useful and hope that those of you who want to know more details, may find helpful:
William Willis's History of Portland is a prime resource and still insightful for a 21st century reader. William David Barry's Maine: The Wilder Half of New England is well written and documented, as is the book Deering, which I have cited previously. Maine History Online: 1668 - 1774 Settlement and Strive gives an accurate and unbiased account of the period with honesty and clarity.
The first permanent settlement of the area that would ultimately become Portland was in 1633 when George Cleeves and his partner Richard Tucker set about to established a fishing and trading village. At the time the area which included present day Portland, Falmouth, Westbrook, and Cape Elizabeth. was called Casco. The period was marked with disputes with the authorities over land grants, religious affiliations and governance of the province of Maine.
In 1658, the Massachusetts Bay Colony took possession of the area and re-named the town Falmouth. With this action came the development of a court system and town offices that added a measure of security to its citizens. which also included new arrivals from Scotland, Ireland , Wales, the Isle of Jersey and West Africa. Maine became a colony of a colony.
The Indians who resided in the area of Casco Bay were called Aucocisco and were a relatively independent band of Abenaki who fished and planted corn. In 1640, there were only seven families settled in the area: three on the 'Neck' and four along Back Cove. These new-comers were different from the fishermen and traders of the previous decade. It was a relatively peaceful period for the families who began to establish their family farms around Back Cove.
Local Indians maintained a friendly, though cautious relationship with the English, at times "signing deeds to land in return for yearly payments." Deering, pg.33. Tensions grew locally, as more and more settlers arrived and encroached on Indian cornfields by allowing livestock to roam freely, destroying crops.
George Cleeves made conveyances of land principally at Back Cove to several people shown by deed to be living there about 1658:
George Ingersoll, George Lewis, John Lewis and Nathaniel Wallis, Thomas Skillings( These will become important later in our story.)
By 1670, more than a dozen closely related families had established farms along Back Cove to Martin's Point. Some of the names that are known are:
Anthony Brackett, George Lewis, John Lewis, Philip Lewis, Phineas Rider, James Ross, Thomas Skillings, Nathaniel Wallis, Thomas Wakely and Matthew Coe. In total, by 1675 there were forty families spread out through Falmouth.
In the beginning of the year 1675, the prosperity of the town stood at a high point; population had been steadily increasing in every part, and its various resources were rapidly developing. Mills had been established at Capisic and on the lower falls of Presumpscot River, and the borders of both rivers were occupied by an active and enterprising people. But their opening prospects were destined soon to be changed, and their hopes crushed.William Willis: The History of Portland, From 1632 - 1864
From 1675 - 1763, Maine became the killing ground in a series of brutal. debilitating wars between the English and the combined forces of France and the Indians.William David Barry: Maine: The Wilder Half of New England
Barry reflects on the account of the " attack on Pemiquid from the words of John Gyles while working on his family farm, and says this:
The attack on Pemiquid might stand for the hundreds of attacks and ambushes that occurred between 1675 and the Treaty of Paris in 1763. It was a war of no quarter in which both sides killed old and young alike in a fury of racial hatred and struggle for land. All of this was set against the backdrop of Anglo- French rivalry on a world-wide scale.************************************************************************************
By the middle of the 17th century, the Abenaki were living in a nightmarish landscape shaped by conflict, disease, and alcohol and they turned to the (French) missionaries for help and reassurance.
In summer 1675 war broke out in Southern New England between Pilgrims and Wampanoags led by King Philip, or Metacomet and strained relations through New England. Relations between French "Papists" and Indian "heathens" fueled English fears that all Indians were conspirators of King Philip, and with war raging to the south, the General Court sent commissioners to Maine trading posts to enforce the ban on arms. English scalp hunters were paid bounty to hunt Indians south of the Piscataqua, no doubt crossing over the river into Maine as well.
Maine History Online-1668 - 1774 Settlement & Strife
In 1676, Falmouth was attacked and the Wakley family killed with two children taken captive. Raids continued on English villages from Saco to Casco Bay. Later, settlers all through the region would look for escape on islands or further to Salem or New Hampshire. The settlement at Falmouth would remain abandoned for two years. When they returned, the English colonists erected Fort Loyall to defend against future attacks,
Attempts were made by both the English and the Indians to negotiate peace but these were unsuccessful and conflict continued. From 1689 until 1699, Comte de Frontenac, the governor of New France set out on a campaign to conquer all of North America. Large forces of French and Indians drove the English from settlements east of Falmouth.
In September 1689, 200 Norridgewock, Penobscot, and Canadian Indians landed on Peaks Island, and on September 21st attacked the Back Cove settlements. Having gotten word of the potential attacks, Massachusetts sent Major Benjamin Church, noted Indian fighter along with several militia units to aid the locals.
Near dawn on September 21, 1689, a flotilla of war canoes crossed Back Cove and attacked the Brackett Farm. Anthony Brackett gave the alarm and sent his sons to the Neck for help. Church and his force of 200, joined by the Casco militia, raced through the thickets toward Ware Creek. A brutal, daylong pitched battle took place where now I-295 separates Deering Oaks from the University of Southern Maine. Fought across the tidal stream and on a small bridge, probably near the corner of Congress and St. John's Streets, the battle raged until the Indians withdrew. The sense of victory was short lived, however, for Church was obliged to return to Massachusetts.Deering: pg. 34
Although the majority of settlers wanted to leave the village expecting reprisals in the spring, Benjamin Church convinced many to stay, promising to do all in his power to return or send necessary aid when he gave his report to the authorities in Massachusetts. Unfortunately, his pleadings and those of Silvanus Davis who would become the Commander of Fort Loyall in 1690 laid on deaf ears until it was too late. For those of you who want to read the full account of the siege of Fort Loyall and the Destruction of Falmouth, I recommend either the online version or in book form:
It is an amazing story of bravery, brutality, shame, ruthlessness and stupidity that led to the abandonment of a young but potentially prosperous settlement for twenty-five years. It's a very long document, but I think some would find it interesting and quite a story. It was presented to the Maine Genealogical Society on June 2, 1885 by editor John T. Hull.
I'm going to end this post with the account of the siege from the words of Capt. Silvanus Davis, taken from William Willis recorded in the History of Portland.


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Bucs' Kwon Alexander Makes Updated player rosters for 2018 NFL Pro Bowl
Panthers kicker Graham Gano and guard Trai Turner were added as replacements for Rams kicker Greg Zuerlein and Cowboys guard Zack Martin, respectively, who will both miss the game due to injury.
Dolphins receiver Jarvis Landry was added as a replacement for Texans wideout DeAndre Hopkins, who will miss the game due to injury.
Packers defensive tackle Mike Danielswas added as a replacement for Ramsstar Aaron Donald, who will miss the game due to injury.
Rams left tackle Andrew Whitworth was added as a replacement for Redskinsleft tackle, who will not participate due to injury.
Colts wide receiver T.Y. Hilton was added as a replacement for Bengalswideout A.J. Green, who will not participate due to injury.
Packers wide receiver Davante Adams was added as a replacement for Falcons wide receiver Julio Jones, who is injured.
Browns linebacker Joe Schobert was added as a replacement for injured Steelers linebacker Ryan Shazier.
Falcons linebacker Deion Jones was added as a replacement for injured Panthers linebacker Luke Kuechly.
Buccaneers linebacker Kwon Alexander was added as a replacement for injured Seahawks linebacker Bobby Wagner.
Steelers defensive end Cameron Heyward was added as a replacement for Raiders defensive end Khalil Mack.
Titans TE Delanie Walker was added as a replacement for Chiefs TE Travis Kelce.
Steelers FB Roosevelt Nix was added as a replacement for Patriots FB James Develin.
Chargers tackle Russell Okung was added as a replacement for Raiders tackle Donald Penn.
Saints guard Larry Warford was added as a replacement for Eagles guard Brandon Brooks.
Los Angeles Rams quarterback Jared Goff was added as a replacement for Eagles quarterback Carson Wentz.
Oakland Raiders quarterback Derek Carr was added as a replacement for Patriots quarterback Tom Brady.
Check out the position-by-position rosters below:
AFC Pro Bowl Roster
Wide receiver: Antonio Brown*, Steelers; DeAndre Hopkins*, Texans; A.J. Green, Bengals; Keenan Allen, Chargers
Tackle: Alejandro Villanueva*, Steelers; Taylor Lewan*, Titans; Donald Penn, Raiders;
Guard: Kelechi Osemele*, Raiders; David DeCastro*, Steelers; Richie Incognito, Bills
Center: Maurkice Pouncey*, Steelers; Rodney Hudson, Raiders
Tight end: Travis Kelce*, Chiefs; Rob Gronkowski, Patriots
Quarterback: Tom Brady*, Patriots; Philip Rivers, Chargers; Ben Roethlisberger, Steelers
Running back: Le'Veon Bell*, Steelers; Kareem Hunt, Chiefs; LeSean McCoy, Bills
Fullback: James Develin*, Patriots
Defense end: Joey Bosa*, Chargers; Calais Campbell*, Jaguars; Khalil Mack, Raiders
Interior linemen: Geno Atkins*, Bengals; Jurrell Casey*, Titans; Malik Jackson, Jaguars
Outside linebacker: Von Miller*, Broncos; Jadeveon Clowney*, Texans; Terrell Suggs, Ravens
Inside/middle linebacker: C.J. Mosley*, Ravens; Ryan Shazier, Steelers
Cornerback: A.J. Bouye*, Jaguars; Jalen Ramsey*, Jaguars; Aqib Talib, Broncos; Casey Hayward, Chargers
Free safety: Eric Weddle*, Ravens
Strong safety: Reshad Jones*, Dolphins; Micah Hyde, Bills
Special Teams
Punter: Brett Kern*, Titans
Kicker: Chris Boswell*, Steelers
Return specialist: Tyreek Hill*, Chiefs
Special teamer: Matthew Slater*, Patriots
NFC Pro Bowl Roster
Wide receiver: Julio Jones*, Falcons; Adam Thielen*, Vikings; Michael Thomas, Saints; Larry Fitzgerald, Cardinals
Tackle: Tyron Smith*, Cowboys; Trent Williams*, Redskins; Lane Johnson, Eagles
Guard: Zack Martin*, Cowboys; Brandon Brooks*, Eagles; Brandon Scherff, Redskins
Center: Alex Mack*, Falcons; Travis Frederick, Cowboys
Tight end: Zach Ertz*, Eagles; Jimmy Graham, Seahawks
Quarterback: Carson Wentz*, Eagles; Russell Wilson, Seahawks; Drew Brees, Saints
Running back: Todd Gurley*, Rams; Alvin Kamara, Saints; Mark Ingram, Saints
Fullback: Kyle Juszczyk*, 49ers
Defensive end: Everson Griffen*, Vikings; Demarcus Lawrence*, Cowboys; Cameron Jordan, Saints
Interior linemen: Fletcher Cox*, Eagles; Aaron Donald*, Rams; Gerald McCoy, Buccaneers;
Outside linebacker: Chandler Jones*, Cardinals; Ryan Kerrigan*, Redskins; Anthony Barr, Vikings
Inside/middle linebacker: Luke Kuechly*, Panthers; Bobby Wagner, Seahawks
Cornerback: Xavier Rhodes*, Vikings; Patrick Peterson*, Cardinals; Marshon Lattimore, Saints; Darius Slay, Lions
Free safety: Earl Thomas*, Seahawks
Strong safety: Landon Collins*, Giants; Malcolm Jenkins, Eagles
Special teams
Punter: Johnny Hekker*, Rams
Kicker: Greg Zuerlein*, Rams
Return specialist: Pharoh Cooper*, Rams
Special teamer: Budda Baker*, Cardinals
* Indicates starter
» Panthers G Trai Turner (replaces Cowboys G Zack Martin).
» Panthers K Graham Gano (replaces Rams K Greg Zuerlein).
» Dolphins WR Jarvis Landry (replaces Texans WR DeAndre Hopkins).
» Packers DT Mike Daniels (replaces Rams DT Aaron Donald).
» Rams LT Andrew Whitworth (replaces Redskins LT Trent Williams).
» Colts WT T.Y. Hilton (replaces Bengals WR A.J. Green).
» Packers WR Davante Adams (replaces Falcons WR Julio Jones)
» Browns LB Joe Schobert (replaces Steelers LB Ryan Shazier)
» Falcons LB Deion Jones (replaces Panthers LB Luke Kuechly)
» Buccaneers LB Kwon Alexander (replaces Seahawks LB Bobby Wagner)
» Steelers DE Cameron Heyward (replaces Raiders DE Khalil Mack)
» Titans TE Delanie Walker (replaces Chiefs TE Travis Kelce)
» Steelers FB Roosevelt Nix (replaces Patriots FB James Develin)
» Chargers OT Russell Okung (replaces Raiders OT Donald Penn)
» Saints G Larry Warford (replaces Eagles G Brandon Brooks)
» Rams QB Jared Goff (replaces Eagles QB Carson Wentz)
» Raiders QB Derek Carr (replaces Patriots QB Tom Brady)


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Events for January 19, 2019
Events Search and Views Navigation
8:30 am
Our Lord's Table Distribution Day
Every 1st and 3rd Saturday of the month following the 1st Tuesday of the month, the Our Lord's Table Food Ministry serves as a San Antonio Food Bank partner food pantry for 150+ neighborhood families in great need. Parishioners and community volunteers are encouraged to join us any Distribution Saturday. There are several ways to help from assisting with checking families in, helping with loading groceries into family boxes or helping them load...Keep ReadingFind out more »


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We found this great article posted by NEW9 in Denver Colorado. Pretty awesome to see the life of a tower crane operator from the perspective of an outsider.
Check out the full article below and go check out their full video.
DENVER – It's the dance of the cranes.
You see them everywhere in Denver – tower cranes building new buildings and fueling Colorado's economy.
But have you ever wondered who operates those cranes, and how they get up there?
Photojournalist Eric Kehe and I got the chance to find out.
RMS Cranes, a member of the TNT Crane family, and Saunders Construction invited us to go up a crane. They said just climb up the ladder one floor – then do it 30 more times.
Is this a good time to mention I'm not crazy about heights?
We climbed up the crane across from Union Station where they're building a new office tower.
There's a little landing on each floor where you can stop to catch your breath, and enjoy the view.
It's a bit exhausting but we made it to the top, where we met crane operator Jeff Macklin.
Macklin says his days are just ups and downs.
Workers on the ground call him on a radio when they need him to pick up equipment or materials and deliver it to another location.
The cranes of Denver.
Sometimes he gets calls from different crews in different locations, all at one time.
It's how he spends his 8 to 14 hour days in the air.
And once he gets up there, he doesn't climb down until his shift is finished.
If there's bad weather, he just rides it out.
Rain, hail, snow, wind, lightening – Macklin has seen it all from his perch high in the sky.
He says you need to be highly trained, certified and a little crazy to operate a tower crane.
But on the upside, he says you just can't beat the view.
"Colorado's national or state bird is the crane," Macklin said. "I remember there was a time you'd never see a tower crane up. Now you get 20 or 30 of them. "
Sunrise, sunset, aircraft flying by, even police officers chasing suspects down below – he has the perfect spot to see it all.


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African American Liberation and Transformation: Self-Actualization through Literacy and Education
Before the Emancipation Proclamation, one of Frederick Douglass's most passionately expressed values was the pursuit of knowledge and literacy. He said, "once you learn to read, you will be forever free," and "knowledge makes a man unfit to be a slave" (The Frederick Douglass Organization, 2015). Thus, Douglass argued that African Americans could liberate themselves from slavery through psychological transformations via acquiring literacy and knowledge. Immersing oneself into the logomachy of official politics, law, and journalism is to create an "I" for oneself—to find his or her unique voice. The power language harnesses, according to social activists—has the power to make significant social changes in the practices and customs in United States such as overthrowing the institution of slavery. Into the 20th century, Douglass' values of literacy and education survived in the writings, lectures, and essays of several African American scholars—perhaps none of them as influential and inspirational as W.E.B. Du Bois, whom exemplified and carried on Douglass' vision and legacy of "an exemplar of leadership and its virtues" for the African Americans (Sundstrom, 2012). Just as his predecessor, W.E.B. Du Bois' highly valued the acquisition of literacy and education for African Americans.
W.E.B. Du Bois' Color Line and the Talented Tenth
"The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color-line" (Du Bois, pg. 620). The color-line, according to Du Bois, is "a veil that both divides society and makes black people invisible" (Macey, 2001). Du Bois further contends that black experience is "characterized by the phenomenon of double-consciousness," which in other words means African American individuals live in a dialogic state of mind: one side is white while the other side black (Macey, pg. 103). In the dialectic worldview, according to the literary critic Paul Gilroy (1993), double-consciousness captured "both the core dynamic of racial oppression and the fundamental contradiction experienced by the people of the black diaspora" (Gilroy, 1993).
For Du Bois, crossing the color-line—and ultimately liberating oneself from racial oppression—was accomplished through literacy and education. In 1903, Du Bois argued in his essay, the "Talented Tenth" that appeared in The Negro Problem, that political and civil equality of African Americans was related to higher education (Talented Tenth, 2014). He argued that "African American teachers, professional men, ministers, and spokesmen, who would earn their special privileges by dedicating themselves to 'leavening the lump' and 'inspiring the masses'" (Talented Tenth, 2014). Ultimately, Du Bois viewed education as a movement from darkness to light in the sense that education could enlighten oneself intellectually but also physically, meaning that African Americans could abandon their perceived inferiority— blackness— for socially advantageous elitism—whiteness.
Du Bois' idea of the talented tenth was created in direct contrast to Booker T. Washington's promotion of industrial training for African Americans. Du Bois was afraid that African Americans would always remain second-class citizens or worse if they were not inspired to become creative and critical thinkers. The industrial training would dampen their spirits and numb them to true political and social equality. Ultimately, for Du Bois, it would signify a return to hard and unfair labor if African Americans did not pursue literacy and education because only through the latter could individuals challenge racial oppression in the arena that mattered most: the logomachy.
Paul Laurence Dunbar, the "Poet Laureate of the Negro Race"
Perhaps no other African American poet during the early 20th century crossed Du Bois' color line quite like Paul Laurence Dunbar. Even Du Bois' contender in African American politics praised Dunbar by dubbing him the "Poet Laureate of the Negro race" (Gates, McKay, pg. 884). His ability to both "feel the Negro life aesthetically" and "express it lyrically" imbued his verses with a tone that was both serene and genuine, a mood that was both empowering and melancholic, and a voice that was both white and black (Gates, McKay, pg. 884). Ultimately, Dunbar represented a perfect agent of Du Bois' talented tenth because he mastered his craft of language and demonstrated the creative and critical thinking skills of a highly educated individual that was capable of inspiring the masses.
According to the African American poet and literary critic, William Stanley Braithwaite, "the two chief qualities in Dunbar's work are pathos and humor, and in these he expresses the dilemma of soul that characterized the [African American] race between the civil war and the end of the nineteenth century" (Mitchell, pg. 39). Braithwaite furthered his commendation of Dunbar by claiming that "few have equaled Dunbar in this vein of expression—[dialect], and none have deepened it as an expression of Negro life" (Braithwaite, pg. 39). Dunbar essentially supported Du Bois' claim that literacy and education were important qualities for African Americans to improve their living conditions. Even during the second half of the twentieth century when African American literary critics such as Addison Gayle Jr. criticized Dunbar's poetry as a striking example of "cultural strangulation" by white elitism (Gayle, pg. 212), others still perceived Dunbar as a living example that "Negro writers could rise to heights of artistic expression" (Redding, 1949/1994).
The Power of Literacy and Education
The lessons we could learn from Frederick Douglass, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Paul Laurence Dunbar about literacy and education are very important because language is a tool that can bridge the gap between conflicting peoples, cultures, or nations. By understanding each other though official languages and by acquiring the creative and critical thinking skills needed to make sound judgements and ideas, people can solve many social issues without resorting to violent revolutions. In the future, one of my goals as an English professor will be to instill the same high value of literacy and education in my students that Frederick Douglass passed down to W.E.B. Du Bois and countless others.
Braithwaite, W., (1925/1994). The Negro in American Literature. In Within the circle: An anthology of african american literary criticism from the harlem renaissance to the present. London, UK: Duke University Press.
Gates Jr., H., McKay, N., (1997). The Norton Anthology of African American Literature (1st ed.). New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company.
Gayle Jr., A., (1971/1994). Cultural Strangulation: Black Literature and the White Aesthetic. In Within the circle: An anthology of african american literary criticism from the harlem renaissance to the present. London, UK: Duke University Press.
Gilroy, P., (1993). The black atlantic: Modernity and double consciousness. London, UK: Verso.
Macey, D., (2001). Dictionary of critical theory. New York, NY: Penguin Group.
Mitchell, A., (1994). Within the circle: An anthology of african american literary criticism from the harlem renaissance to the present. London, UK: Duke University Press.
Redding, J., (1949/1994). American Negro Literature. In Within the circle: An anthology of african american literary criticism from the harlem renaissance to the present. London, UK: Duke University Press.
Sundstrom, R., (2012). Frederick Douglass. Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/frederick-douglass/#IntVerEmi
Talented Tenth, (2014). Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/topic/Talented-Tenth
The Frederick Douglass Organization, (2015). Retrieved from http://www.frederickdouglassiv.org/
Nice article .Education is important but Booker T Washington was correct also because specialized education would lead to mass business ownership which can create generational wealth. Now today many blacks just want to be rappers. There are not enough skilled labor blacks these days but just the opposite in the Hispanic population here in the southeast. At the end of the day Du Bois and Washington where both right . I think in reality the fuss and confusion was economic driven and who was the most intellectual and powerful among blacks at the time.


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Arden Motorsport's Oscar Piastri has accused championship rival Jamie Caroline of deliberately pushing him off the track in the second British F4 race at Rockingham.
A stunning opening lap from Piastri moved him from the back of the grid to seventh, but he made contact with Caroline on lap two.
"Jamie went over the top of Logan [Sargeant] and lost his front win," he told Overtake Motorsport.
"Then… there's not really any nice way of putting it. He basically drove me off the track at the hairpin."
Piastri ran into the gravel but was able to recover to finish 10th.
Caroline retired with front wing damage, but third place in the weekend's other F4 races allowed him to extend his championship lead.
Overtake Motorsport approached Caroline, but he declined to comment.
Now 74.5 points behind, Piastri will need to score more points than Caroline at Silverstone to keep his title hopes alive heading into the final weekend at Brands Hatch.
The Australian is still focusing on the top spot.
"It's looking tough, I'm not going to lie," he said.
"I'm 100% still going for the win.
"As we've seen this weekend, things can change very quickly.
"Jamie hasn't really had a bad round all year. Me and Linus [Lundqvist] and Logan have all had a tough round at some point. And I think Jamie might be due one."
Feature image credit: Caroline Rhea


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Press ReleasesSeptember 26, 2013 Prestige Design Magazine
Waterkloof has been featured in the Fall 2013 Edition of Prestige Design Magazine – available in the UK, USA & Canada. Prestige is an avant-garde magazine that is dynamic, trendsetting and filled with the latest high-end finds from around the globe.
Click on the below image to read the press release.


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- Research
- Open Access
Assessment of genetic diversity and distribution of endophytic fungal communities of Alternaria solani isolates associated with the dominant Karanja plants in Sanganer Region of Rajasthan
- Kartikeya Tiwari1Email author and
- Manish Chittora1
© Tiwari and Chittora; licensee Springer. 2013
- Received: 30 May 2013
- Accepted: 9 July 2013
- Published: 13 July 2013
Higher plants are ubiquitously colonized with fungal endophytes that often lack readily detectable structures. Current study examines the distribution of endophytic fungal communities within Karanja plants and diversity of novel fungal endophyte Alternaria solani isolates collected from different locations of Sanganer region of Rajasthan. Results confirmed that A. solani is a major fungal endophyte consortium associated with Karanja plants. PCR Amplified fragments using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers were subjected to unweighted pair group method analysis (UPGMA), which clearly distinguished twelve ecologically diverse A. solani isolates. A total of 58 RAPD loci were amplified, out of which 35 (60.34%) were polymorphic and 23 were monomorphic (39.66%) in nature. These polymorphic loci were identified with an average of 2.92 bands per primer. The efficacy of RAPD markers proved as an efficient marker system with respect to detection of polymorphism and number of loci scored and can be used for the identification of a particular isolates, thereby defining core collections and strengthening their exploitation in acquiring novel products produced by them.
- Alternaria solani
- Genetic Diversity
- Endophytes
Scarcity of natural resources is one of the major issues for the developing countries. Environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity and spoilage of land provide positive contribution to the above. Insufficiency of fuel is a big problem for the burgeoning human population in the world. To overcome this hitch, people are looking for some innovative alternatives. In the last few years, biofuel is emerging as a potent fuel alternate to overcome the fuel scarcity (Strobel & Daisy 2003). For a truly renewable source, crops or other similar agricultural sources would have to be considered.
Rajasthan is one of the twenty five hot spots of global biodiversity and offers most suitable climate for the growth of diverse group of plants. Pongamia pinnata L. commonly known as Karanja (Family- Leguminaceae) is one of the important plant of high commercial value. It has been recognized as a major biodiesel producer in India (Tiwari et al. 2010). The tree attains a height of 7–10 meter. The plant is mainly valued for their seeds which contain 30-40% oil. This plant accommodates a large number of fungal endophytes (Saikkonen et al. 2004). It has recently surged that the xerophytic conditions of Sanganer region of Rajasthan accommodate a large number of fungal endophytes (Lucero et al. 2006), which led to a considerable amount of research regarding the role of these fungi in host plants (Frohlich et al. 2000Strobel 2003; Tan & Zou , Tan & Zou Tan & Zou 2001Tejesvi et al. 2007Zou et al. 2000).
Endophytes, microorganisms that reside in the tissues of living plants are relatively unstudied and potential sources of novel natural products for exploitation in medicine, agriculture and industry (Schulz et al. 2002). It is noteworthy that, of the nearly 300,000 plant species that exist on the earth, each individual plant is host to one or more endophytes. Fungal endophytes with the potential of biofuel production/bioactive compounds can be harvested from these plants. This fact alone helps in the elimination of the problem of biofuel scarcity. Due to extraordinary role of these fungi in ecosystem, it is necessary to explore them at morphological, ecological and molecular level.
It seems obvious that endophytes are a rich and reliable source of genetic diversity. Characterization of genetic diversity is a prerequisite for efficient conservation and utilization of genetic resources. Conventionally, fungal species have been characterized based on morphological characteristics. During the last few decades, several PCR based molecular marker techniques such as random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) (Saikkonen et al. 2004), inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) (Zietkiewicz et al. 1994), simple sequence repeat (SSR) (Litt & Luty 1989), Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) (Botstein et al. 1980), Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) (Vos et al. 1995) etc. have been developed and establish wide application in the assessment of genetic diversity (Haugland et al. 2004; Sette et al. 2006).
Among them, RAPD markers have caught the fancy of many individuals in the field of applied fungal taxonomy due to their low cost and easy to handle (Guo et al. 2001; &2003Hawsksworth 1991Williams et al. 1990). These markers are amplification products of anonymous sequences using single, short and arbitrary oligonucleotide primers (8–10 bp). DNA sequence difference between individuals in a primer-binding site may results in the failure of the primer to bind and hence in the absence of a particular band among amplification products. RAPD markers provide a quick and efficient screening of DNA sequence as they require small amount of DNA, involve non-radioactive assay, need a simple experimental set-up, do not require species specific probe libraries or hybridization step.
In the present study, assessment of genetic diversity among fungal endophytes is a vital part because it explores the endophytic association, distribution and host specificity between P. pinnata and novel fungal endophytes. This study will help in resolving genetic relationship among different isolates and can be used for selection of desired isolate for domestication.
Materials and methods
Site description
Details of Alternaria solani isolates collected from various sites of Sanganer region
Accession number
Collection site
Sample collection
Plants samples (P. pinnata) from the entire twelve sites of Sanganer region, especially those with an unusual biology and possessing novel strategies for survival were selected for the study (Strobel & Daisy 2003). The samples were collected in sterilized polythene bags, during the month of July- November.
Isolation of fungal endophytes
The leaves, nodes and internodes were used as explants for isolation of fungal endophytes (Figure 2B). All explants were surface-sterilized by dipping in 75% ethanol for 1 minute, 4% sodium hypochlorite for 5 minutes followed by rinsing three times in sterilized double distilled water (Frohlich et al. 2000). In each Petri dish (9 cm diameter), a total of four-five processed explants were evenly spaced onto the surface of Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media supplemented with 200 μg/ml tetracycline. Cultures were incubated at 28°C and observation was recorded regularly. The sporulating mycelia of fungi appeared on the plates were carefully isolated, sub-cultured and pure culture were maintained (Nagamani et al. 2006) (Figure 2C).
Identification of fungal endophytes
The isolated fungal endophytes were identified on the basis of morphological features like colony characterization, growth on different media, color of colony (front and reserve), conidial development, size, shape and attachment of conidia (Nagamani et al. 2006). Then the fungus was grown in a slide culture by which the pores of the fungus remain undisturbed and attached to the sporophores thus facilitating in identification (Anthony & Walkes 1962). This technique was performed for the examination of various stages of conidia formation and proper identification of the sporulating fungi (Promputtha et al. 2005). The microscopic identification of fungal endophytes was carried out by lacto phenol cotton blue staining method (Nagamani et al. 2006) (Figure 2D-E).
Frequency distribution and colonization rate
Data analysis was carried out on the basis of Colonization rate (%) of fungal endophytes which was equal to the number of segments colonized by a single endophyte divided by the total number of segments observed X 100 (Raviraja 2005Raviraja et al. 2006).
Molecular analysis
Assessment of genetic diversity among 12 fungal isolates of A. solani isolated from different ecological niche were carried out using PCR based RAPD primers.
Isolation of DNA
The fungal DNA was isolated as per the standardized protocol (Guo et al. 2003 & 2004).
Purification of DNA samples using RNase treatment
The isolated DNA sample was raised up to 400 μl with TE buffer. Two μl of RNase A (10 mg/ml) was added, mixed by inversion and incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes. DNA was precipitated using 50 μl of 4 M ammonium acetate and 950 μl of pre chilled ethanol. The content was mixed gently by inversion and spin at 10, 000 rpm for 5 minutes. The supernatant was discarded and the pellet was dried by inverting the tube on the paper towel for 15 minutes. DNA pellet was dissolved in 40 μl of TE buffer and stored at 4°C.
RAPD primers
Primer-wise score of PCR amplification products scored in the 12 isolates of Alternaria solani
Number of PCR amplification fragments generated
Monomorphic bands
Polymorphic bands
PCR amplification conditions
Each 25 μl reaction mixture contained 12.5 μl of 2 X PCR buffer, 2 μl each of dATP, dGTP, dTTP and dCTP, 1U Taq DNA polymerase, 25 pmol random decamer primer and 50 ng of genomic DNA for PCR amplification.
Data analysis
Amplification products were scored from the gel images as presence or absence of bands. Each band was treated as one marker. Homology of bands was based on the distance of migration of amplified DNA fragments according to their molecular weights in the gel. The presence of band 0percentage of the total number of bands produced in fingerprinting profiles. Cluster analysis for the genetic distance was then carried out using UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Analysis) clustering method (Crous et al. 2006Tedersoo et al. 2006). The genetic distances obtained from cluster analysis through UPGMA were used to construct the dendrogram, depicting the relationships of the clones using computer program NTSYS pc version 2.02 (Rohlf 1997).
Distribution of amplified fragments in Alternaria solani isolates*
Total number of primers screened
Number of primers showed amplification
Number of primers producing polymorphism
Total number of loci scored
Total number of polymorphic loci
Size of amplified bands
100-2000 bp
Average number of bands per primer
Average number of polymorphic bands per primer
% bands which are polymorphic
The mechanism through which endophytes exists and respond to their surrounding must be better understood in order to be more predictive about which higher plants to seek and spend time in isolating microfloral compounds. This may facilitate the product discovery processes. Certainly, one of the major problems facing the future of endophyte biology and natural-product discovery is the rapid diminishment of rainforests, which holds the greatest possible resource for acquiring novel microorganisms and their products.
Endophytic fungal communities from different habitats are indeed different: communities associated with Sanganer region of Rajasthan are poorly investigated group of microorganisms that represents an abundant and dependable source of bioactive and chemically novel compounds with potential for exploitation in a wide variety of medical, agriculture and industrial arenas (Strobel & Daisy 2003). Endophytes belonging to potentially pathogenic species were also isolated. Hence, it would appear that certain fungal species, which are notoriously pathogenic in certain plant types, might behave as endophytes in others, thereby not inducing disease symptoms. In the above investigation, the most frequently isolated endophytic fungal species was A. solani, dominantly associated with the Karanja plants.
These molecular markers can demonstrate similarities and dissimilarities between different isolates of same species even when a morphological description is severely limited. Among them, RAPD despite having certain disadvantages (dominant nature and stringent optimization of assay), can produce multilocus profiles, widely spanning the genome even in the absence of any prior genetic/sequence information. Present study provides a molecular profile based on RAPD marker, which can be used for the identification of a particular A. solani isolate, thereby defining their core collection and strengthening their exploitation in acquiring novel products produced by them.
Authors' Affiliations
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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Aesop Rock and Kimya Dawson's The Uncluded is proof positive that you can be kindred spirits whatever side of the musical tracks you hail from.
Hokey Fright sees two of the most idiosyncratic voices of their generation combine for a collection that is at turns heartfelt, bizarre and whimsical. Aesop and Kimya may have little in common on the surface - even so their debut collection together is rare for never feeling quite as disjointed as it perhaps should be.
The career arcs of the pair began around the same time, roughly the Millennium-spanning glory years of both Alt-Space-Hop label Definitive Jux and the birth of Moldy Peaches, Dawson's project with Adam Green. Both enjoy sizeable reputations in their respective genres as mavericks. Both have had some crossover success in recent years.
And for their debut together, neither artist completely disregards their previous stylings in favour of adopting the middle ground. True, most tracks feel more like Dawson songs than the alternative, though she also makes a gameful attempt to translate some of her phrases into rap, while Aesop's trademark honey and atomic ash drawl is as languidly obscure as ever. The centrepiece 'Bats' and comic short 'Superheroes' (made up entirely of the two singers' favourite sandwich toppings) veer most starkly towards Aesop's oeuvre - but the real standouts all feel like Dawson compositions that have been tailored to fit a little extra neck.
It was undoubtedly a mutual decision. Ace-Rock has never sounded so cheerful in his life. Not since Float has his flow tripped as jauntily over a track as it does on album highlight 'Delicate Cycle'. Where in the past he has often been employed to lace vocals over brutal, funky rhythms (see his collaborations with Tobacco, El-P and Mr Lif), here his super-slick part-nonsense, part rare delivery coruscate moments of street-level common sense. At one point Kimya refers to a character, presumably our Ace, as "the Minnesota Dalai Lama" who "twists his tongue to create a perfect rhyme with every style preconceived to spit that shit out at your mind."
'Organs''is possibly the first pop song written in support of organ donorship, inciting the animal kingdom to switch body parts (how a whale's tail will fit onto a cat's body is best not thought about). Hip-hop fans won't be supremely digging this, and neither may be staunch Kimya fans, although 'Earthquake' contains some of her most satisfying lyrics, recalling the scenes from Juno that she helped to illustrate. Unfortunately it is also highlights the too-contrasting style of delivery that can make Aesop's stanzas seem a little too pinched when hammered into breezy alt-folk structures. They may be soulmates, but their tones can rub together like the proverbial chalk and cheese.
For every staunch fan of either artist then, rumblings may well emerge along the lines of 'what the hell is this chick / dude with the weird voice doing on his / her album?' The oddness of both artists is what makes the album so ambitious, and at the same time so jarring. It is almost custom-made to tick my boxes - but even I find it a little mystifying, and struggle to think of another person I know who would love this. Whatever the audience, it would make one hell of a live show.


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Amazing health benefits of Pineapples
Pineapples contain brome lain, an enzyme with anti-inflammatory properties. It fights infections and kills bacteria. The juice from fresh pineapples can suppress coughs five times more effectively than cough syrup.
Pineapple having vitamin A it is abundant in the pineapple with 58 per 100g beta-carotene is present in great amounts too these compounds are excellent antioxidants, eating fruits and vegetables rich in these flavonoids helps protect the body from lung and oral cavity cancers. The key enzyme in pineapples reduces inflammation as effectively as drugs. Bromelain also keeps cancer from getting started and shrinks tumors and it is also reduces post-operative swelling, and manages digestive disorders, especially those caused by lack of pancreatic enzymes. Pineapple having vitamin C it is abundant in the pineapple, vitamin C is an excellent immune support and is very use for oral health, reducing the risk of gingivitis and periodontal disease and also having vitamin B1 it is responsible for the development of energy in the body, turning carbohydrates into the body, turning carbohydrates into the energy we need. It is also important for proper muscle function and nervous system operation and its have manganese, these is use for gives to vitamins for your body, this is way must consume manganese rich foods such as the pineapple which is an excellent source. Manganese helps with bone inflammation, healing wounds, and maintaining healthy skin. It helps regulate blood sugar levels and strengthens the immune system. It is required by the body for bone and teeth formation and calcium alone cannot build strong bones and tissues, pineapples are a great source of phosphorous, with one cup serving up to 13mg of phosphorous. If you like to drink pineapple juice, then just proven be very beneficial in reducing back pain and joint pain naturally. Pineapple juice is the best answer for people how ask how to reduce back pain and joint pain according to some studies brome lain enzyme found in pineapple can help to delay the integration of inflammatory chemicals. Vitamin C is required for the collagen synthesis in the body. Collagen is the main structural protein in the body required for maintaining the integrity of blood vessels, skin, organs and bones.
Health benefits of pineapple:
It is rich in beta carotene and during digestion; it is converted into active vitamin A, which is effective in treating the asthmatic problem, it consists of a digestive enzyme i.e. brome lain. This will help you to flush out the various intestinal parasites i.e. tapeworms.
- Pineapple supports health bones
- What's more, research now says that pineapple is highly effective in managing arthritis.
- Pineapple exerts remarkable benefits on the growth of bones in young people, strengthens and fortifies bones in the elderly.
- Bromelain also diminishes the pain and healing time, after a surgery.
- Rich in fiber, it helps regulating digestion
- Calcium & manganese makes bones & teethes stronger
- Contains vitamin A, vitamin C, fights against viruses
- Neutralizes acidity, keeps gums healthy & strong
- Prevents muscular degeneration
- Reduces pain in arthritis
- Beta carotene and improve eye sight
- Contains phosphorus & potassium


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Under threat of subpoena from Ways and Means Committee Chairman Dave Camp (R-Mich.), the Internal Revenue Service now says it will "turn over emails and other documents from Lois Lerner", who remains at the heart of allegations the agency targeted conservative groups.
a core player in the agency's targeting controversy, the House Ways and Means Committee said Friday.
"This is a significant step forward and will help us complete our investigation into the IRS's targeting of conservative groups," said Camp.
The news come after Lerner invoked her Fifth Amendment rights against self-incrimination for a second time in front of the House Oversight Committee.
Republicans have increasingly acknowledged that Lerner is likely central to their investigation. Lerner's lawyer, Bill Taylor, has maintained that Congress is unlikely to ever hear her testimony, placing even more importance on Lerner's emails and documents.
Camp requested all Lerner emails since 2009 and was disappointed that the IRS had used a keyword search to release only a limited number of documents.
"From the few Lerner documents we have received, we know that Washington, D.C., orchestrated the targeting of groups applying for tax-exempt status, surveillance of existing tax-exempt groups and formed the proposed 501(c)(4) rules designed to push conservative groups out of the public forum," Camp said Friday.
"The remaining documents are key to determining the level of wrong doing and deception committed by this agency."
Camp's staff is expected to review the documents to look for previously undisclosed relevant material.


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Although shopping through these links will cost you nothing, I will earn a little commission on any sales made. This helps offset some of the costs of blogging and allows me to continue to offer curriculum and printables for free. These are all places that sell products we use and love in our own home, and we think you will enjoy them too.
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You wouldn't leave your supercar parked just anywhere, would you? Of course not. You want it right there in your apartment.
The rich have problems just like the rest of us, only their problems revolve around things like where to park their exotic supercars when living in a high-rise condominium. (Money is a terrible burden, it's true.) Fortunately, in Singapore at least, property developer Hamilton Scotts has found a solution. Its "Sky Garage Apartments" offer a unique luxurious parking option. Biometrically controlled elevators deliver one's automobile direct to the apartment in a glass-enclosed garage.
Simply thumb the scanner, and by the time you've combed back your hair and donned your loafers, the car will be waiting outside the living room. Starting at $7.5 million for a two-car garage home, there's a serious price to pay for such a convenience. A penthouse with space for four cars comes in at a whopping $24 million.


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Wednesday, 31 July 2013
Fun the the Sun at Pollycraft
15 comments:
A gorgeous card Pami... certainly hot colours... and such a fab image!ReplyDelete
Christine x
I love this card Pam! Gorgeous image, fab colouring and love the warm colours in those papers and that palm tree die is brilliant. Have a lovely day. Hugs, Claire xReplyDelete
Adorable, beautiful card.ReplyDelete
Gorgeous card Pami. She is such a cutie, your colouring is wonderful and I love the papers and wonderful palm tress.ReplyDelete
hugs Sue xx
Beautiful card.ReplyDelete
Gr Elly
Luuuuuurve the tropical colours on this fab card Pami xxReplyDelete
Wow, this is gorgeous Pami♥. Fab colouring and i love the colour combo♥.ReplyDelete
Hope you are well♥.
Hugs, Marita
What a cutie Pami - stunning colours and fabulous die cuts.ReplyDelete
Enjoy your evening.
Debs xx
What a beautiful card, love the image and with the bright papers and fab embellies it all ties together so well. Love that palm tree.ReplyDelete
Kim xXx
What a beauty with a funny stamp.ReplyDelete
Nice colors.
hugs, AStrid.
Such a cute image & card Pami. Love this little beach babe, JxReplyDelete
Fantastic card, great colour combination and cute image, brill, embellishments.ReplyDelete
Hope all is well with you.
Kath x
Gorgeous, love the warm colours and the palm tree is fab with that cutieReplyDelete
lovely card Pammi, lovely colours and image, so sweetReplyDelete
caroline x
Loving the colour combo Pami, fabulously sunny and fun! :o)ReplyDelete


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Day 11 Lent 2015
"Do not worry about anything, bu in everything by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known to God." Philippians 4.6
I imagine that like you I have lots of worries. I worry about small things and big things. I worry about my family and my abilities. I worry about the climate and the human race. Now granted, most of my worries are "first world problems." I don't tend to worry about where my next meal will come from or whether I'll be able to find enough clean water to sustain myself and my family; but I do worry.
Paul, following in the footsteps of Jesus declares that worry is less than helpful and not a part of the Christian life (Matthew 6.25-34); but sometimes I find this worriesome! Woe is me!
Luckily Paul seems to add some ammunition to the fight against worry. He encourages us to pray with supplication, that is an earnest plea for God's intervention. But he follows this with the fact that we should do this with thanksgiving. That is we can be confident that our prayers, our supplications, all those things that concern us have been presented to God and that God will be at work not only in those things that we have lifted up, but in our lives as well helping to live beyond the anxiety of worry.
A prayer for today: "Dear God, so many questions and concerns bombard us this day that we tend to focus on them and not your word. Give us the strength to recall your promises of love and presence and to be confident and thankful that you always hear our prayers. Amen"


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- January - Danielle was just getting use to the idea of being engaged to Chance and we were in high gear to get moving on the wedding plans. By this time she was way ahead of the game. She had her dress and had an appointment the first week in January to get it altered, had the photographer scheduled, and we had the Temple scheduled for the sealing and our church building scheduled for the reception. We were trying to find a different venue, but it didn't pan out. We did find out that Arizona has a winery! Did you know that?
- February - My dear friend Bev surprised me with a sneak delivery of a couple of her a-MAZ-ing cards for Valentine's Day! She always does these word rhymes and they are super cute and brighten my day each time I receive one. She is simply amazing. Also tucked inside the card was some cash. How she knew to drop these cards off at precisely the right moment we needed a little help, to this day I do not know, but she knew! She was such a blessing throughout 2016 and I so appreciate all she does for me and I will never forget her. I save every single card!
- March - The company I work for offers each employee a one month paid sabbatical every five years of employment. So, I planned and began my second sabbatical the month before our oldest child got sealed in the Temple. Since I would be planning and decorating for the reception, I needed as much time as I could get. It was really nice to have all of that time, because I don't know how we could have done it all with me working. This is an awesome benefit! On March 18th our missionary reached his 1 year mark of his two year mission in the NY NY North Mission!
- April - Our oldest child, Danielle, married the love of her life, Chance on a beautiful spring morning in the Mesa Arizona LDS Temple. We didn't lose a daughter, we gained a son! AND.... sacred covenants were made! This was an exciting day indeed!! We also took a very quick trip to Montana for an Open House for the new, happy couple. It was nice to see Montana for the first time.
- May - Kyle and I celebrated our birthdays. Nothing crazy. Just a little get together here at the house with cake and family. This year I turned 49 and Kyle turned 26. We celebrated Mother's Day too. May is a pretty busy month for us. And,....our missionary sent us this photo of him and his first encounter with road rash. Nice job Curtis!
- June - Kevin and Lexi celebrated their birthdays this month. Kevin turned 50 and Lexi turned 17. We did the usual cake and family as always. AND we celebrated Father's Day too. Another busy month for our family. My parents also celebrated their 51st Wedding Anniversary together. Isn't that awesome??!! We were also in full swing for the summer as well. Temps of 110 degrees were the norm. AND Lexi went to Girl's Camp too!
- July - We had a wonderful Fourth of July Celebration over at Danielle and Chance's home. We had a BBQ, went swimming, and played a game or two. It was one of the hottest days of the year, but it was still a lot of fun. That evening we came home and watched fireworks in our neighborhood while Kevin took it easy and rested.
- August - Lexi started school as a Senior! By this time, we were ready for the summer heat to start to let up. Thank goodness for my cool mist humidifier! It literally saved the day....each and every day all summer long! I don't know what I would have done without it. This was also the time of year that we started to experience some of those "lovely" dust storms and monsoon rains we get here in Arizona. We all enjoyed staying up and watching the rain from the comfort of our front porch.
- September - Can you say, car repairs!!! This was the scariest thing that happened to me! Nearly losing my front axle while driving on the freeway! Talk about a scary experience!!! Luckily my Relief Society President was there to help and got me in touch with a great mechanic! She literally saved my life that day. The mechanic said I he didn't know how I was able to drive it all the way down to his shop, much less on the freeway. Scary stuff! We also celebrated our missionaries 21st Birthday. Even though he wasn't here with us. We did manage to send him a little care package. (This photo is of
CurtisElder Schmidt before his mission. This is him and his little sister being silly when I told him I wanted a nice photo of him.)
- October - Our oldest child turned 28! That's right...Danielle. This was also the month we started to really feel it cool off outside! I have to say, it was a most pleasant, mild fall too. Halloween at our home this year meant staying home and out of the cold weather. I was sick and we didn't feel like going anywhere. We didn't even pass out candy. That's never happened before.
- November - Social security finally kicked in for Kevin. This meant a few doctor's appointments Kyle would take him to since I was still sick and not moving. I finally got well enough to go back to work and then got sick again. Thanksgiving I thought I was going to die. I was so sick! We got through it and everyone had a great Thanksgiving even though I was off trying to just breathe in a corner.
- December - I was still not quite better. It took a while and right at the moment I was ready to go back to work, Kevin took a turn for the worse and landed in the hospital. It doesn't take much for a paralyzed man to land in the hospital. This time with a severe septic UTI and E-coli. Not good. All in all, we did get to Skype with out missionary on Christmas day from the hospital and that put a smile on my husband's face! He was sad he had to be at the hospital on Christmas. Well, he was blessed with his very own Christmas wish when they let him come home that afternoon. Although, this wasn't our ideal Christmas, we still felt very blessed and grateful we were together, and that was better than any gift under our tree.
Some other things:
High points: Hands down it would be watching our oldest child make the last sacred covenants she will make here on this earth with her Heavenly Father. There is something so wonderful about watching your children reach that goal. There is nothing quite like it! It's awesome!
Low points: I'd say car problems and having to fight and wait for Social Security to finally begin. Holy cow! That is a process. We still aren't finished with that fight. Now we have to fight for Lexi's back pay. Arg! I'm telling you, it never ends. I'm still traumatized by that whole ordeal, can ya tell? Honestly, I asked Kevin what he thought was the low point of the year and he said the car issues and Social Security, as well. Although, if these are the worst things that happened to us this year, we're doing pretty well!!
Lessons Learned: Next time you have a wedding reception to plan, don't try to do it all yourself. Asking for help doesn't mean you are weak or lacking. It's just means the job is simply too much for one person to tackle. RELAX and ENJOY! Drink lots of water. Don't worry so much, things will work out eventually.
Things I'd like to forget this year: Besides the car/freeway scare, I'd say having to watch my husband adjust and learn to deal with a life changing disability all because a doctor messed up. I wish this never would have happened to him. This has changed all of our lives forever! Will I let it make me bitter? No, of course not. I will, however, remember how incredibly blessed we are and focus on that.
Funniest thing this year: I'd have to say, watching the video of our missionary playing in the snow (snow angels and all!) while his roommates watch from the comfort of their apartment. Silly kid! We've watched that video over and over again and each time we all crack up! That is so Curtis!!
2016 has been a year of learning and growing. All in all, it's been a good year. We're hoping for an amazing 2017! We have lots of plans for this New Year. Now, I'm not one to usually share my resolutions. Too much accountability there and I'm hard enough on myself!
We did hear from our missionary today in bits and pieces. He broke his glasses so we had to help him with that. When he left for the MTC I made sure he had copies of all insurance cards, his eye prescription, as well as all kinds of other things. Do you think he still has those things? Of course not! Well, I had just cleaned out the drawer where I keep the eye prescriptions so I knew exactly where they were. I emailed a copy of his prescription and he ordered a new pair of glasses through a place called Zenni Optical. That website has been such a huge blessing in our lives. I cannot thank my father for sharing it with me. Thankfully Curtis was able to find a decent pair of glasses for about $10 and he will have them shipped to him right there in the mission. You can't beat that price, especially when I am down to our last bit of money and needed to get SRP for the house. There is no way I could have handled much more, and Curtis can't see without his glasses. So, he had to have them. I just hope there get to him soon and he is able to work while he waits for his new glasses to arrive. I'm telling you, that kid is good for at least one pair of glasses a year. So yeah, Zenni Optical is a blessing!
We also have an email from his mission with his travel plans for his return flight home. It's coming up. We aren't going to share much because we want all his energy to be focused on continuing to work hard and serve right up until the very end. We couldn't be more proud of our son. He is turning out to be an awesome missionary who loves the Lord, those he serves, and those serves with. What more could a Mom ask for? I absolutely LOVE this! Here is that video.


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