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The World's Religions in Figures An Introduction to International Religious Demography, by Johnson, Todd M.; Grim, Brian J.
Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.
- Cover: Hardcover
- Copyright: 6/10/2013
Created by two of the field's leading experts, this unique introduction to international religious demography outlines the challenges in interpreting data on religious adherence, and presents a contemporary portrait of global religious belief. Offers the first comprehensive overview of the field of international religious demography detailing what we know about religious adherents around the world, and how we know it Examines religious freedom and diversity, including agnostics and atheists, on a global scale, highlighting trends over the past 100 years and projecting estimates for the year 2050 Outlines the issues and challenges related to definitions, taxonomies, sources, analyses, and other techniques in interpreting data on religious adherence Considers data from religious communities, censuses, surveys, and scholarly research, along with several in-depth case studies on the global Muslim population, religion in China, and the religious demography of recently created Sudan and South Sudan Argues against the belief that the twentieth-century was a 'secular' period by putting forward new evidence to the contrary Provides resources for measuring both qualitatively and quantitatively important data on the world's religious situation in the twenty-first century


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Created by W.Langdon from gp-bibliography.bib Revision:1.4549
@InProceedings{ibarra:2002:EuroGP, title = "Transformation of Equational Specification by Means of Genetic Programming", author = "Aitor Ibarra and J. Lanchares and J. Mendias and J. I. Hidalgo and R. Hermida", editor = "James A. Foster and Evelyne Lutton and Julian Miller and Conor Ryan and Andrea G. B. Tettamanzi", booktitle = "Genetic Programming, Proceedings of the 5th European Conference, EuroGP 2002", volume = "2278", series = "LNCS", pages = "248--257", publisher = "Springer-Verlag", address = "Kinsale, Ireland", publisher_address = "Berlin", month = "3-5 " # apr, year = "2002", keywords = "genetic algorithms, genetic programming, FRESH", ISBN = "3-540-43378-3", DOI = "doi:10.1007/3-540-45984-7_24", abstract = "High Level Synthesis (HLS) is a designing methodology aimed to the synthesis of hardware devices from behavioural specifications. One of the techniques used in HLS is formal verification. In this work we present an evolutionary algorithm in order to optimize circuit equational specifications by means of a special type of genetic operator. We have named this operator algebraic mutation, carried out with the help of the equations that Formal Verification Synthesis offers. This work can be classified within the development of an automatic tool of Formal Verification Synthesis by using genetic techniques. We have applied this technique to a simple circuit equational specification and to a much more complex algebraic equation. In the first case our algorithm simplifies the equation until the best specification is found and in the second a solution improving the former is always obtained.", notes = "EuroGP'2002, part of \cite{lutton:2002:GP} Algebraic mutation. No crossover. gpcc++ 0.5.2 Two example equations simplified. Pop size 4. 60 percent improvement. ", }
Genetic Programming entries for Aitor Ibarra J Lanchares J Mendias J I Hidalgo Roman Hermida Correa

subset: commoncrawl


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If you would like to be in with a chance to win two tickets to see Gareth Russell's play, The Gate of the Year, at the MAC Theatre, Belfast, Northern Ireland, on Thursday 30th June, just answer this simple question:
Who wrote the play, The Gate of the Year?
Was it
A. Gareth Russell
B. Russell Brand
C. Brussel Sprout
Just email your answer A, B, or C, to:
with your details, by tomorrow, Tuesday, 28th June, to enter the competition.
We will announce the winner on Wednesday, 29th June.


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New Delhi: Union Minister of State for Minority Affairs Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi, along with 19 others, was convicted by a Rampur Court for breaching prohibitory orders during the 2009 Lok Sabha polls.
Naqvi, who is currently in the Court custody was later granted bail in a case of poll code violation.
Mr Naqvi's convoy was stopped by the police for checking but his supporters reportedly protested outside a police station. Mr Naqvi reportedly addressed the protesting workers and was among 200 people booked at the time. 23 people were named in the case of which 19 including Naqvi have been found guilty.
The BJP has described the one-year jail sentence as "overreaction" to a peaceful protest.
They were charged for unlawful assembly under sections of the IPC and Criminal Law Amendment Act.


text: On October 30, 1938, a CBS radio announcer presented the 8 p.m. broadcast: "Orson Welles and the Mercury Theatre on the Air in The War of the Worlds by H.G. Wells." After the 23-year-old Welles read an ominous introduction and the "music of Ramon Raquello and his orchestra" played, bulletins followed with reports of Martians crash-landing in New Jersey. Many listeners thought that the Welles-Wells adaptation was news: some people crowded highways trying to flee from aliens; others pleaded with police for gas masks. Welles said at the broadcast's end that it was only a "holiday offering" in anticipation of Halloween.


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SAN JOSE, Calif. (CBS.MW) -- It's payback time for EBay. Such is the hope of 100 Web and other tech companies that have stood on the sidelines the last couple years, salivating as EBay EBAY, +1.52% took the lead in making online auctions into one of the world's favorite new pastimes. Microsoft MSFT, +2.90% Dell Computer " Lycos lcos and ExciteAtHome ATHM, +0.81% are among the companies linking together to auction some 70,000 items. "This is huge. It's basically all the other sites, other than EBay," said Scott Randall, founder of FairMarket, the private company that will run the rival auctions. "Even the big, big players like Microsoft realize that they can't do it by themselves." However, FairMarket's group faces significant hurdles. EBay has a five-year pact with America Online to promotes its services across all AOL Web properties. And in terms of number of items offered at auction, it holds an edge of more than 40-to-1. Even so, investors thought the threat was serious enough to chop EBay's market value by $1.5 billion.
Day trading: 'Prepare to suffer'
WASHINGTON (CBS.MW) -- Day trading is too risky for most investors, and the businesses cashing in on these rubes need to be watched more closely. That's the SEC's take on the craze that's made many individual investors rich, and many more big-time losers. Chairman Arthur Levitt went before a Senate sub-committee to say that a sweep of 67 day-trading firms had produced 30 referrals to the SEC enforcement division for possible violations of advertising and marketing regulations. While some say day trading hurts only the individual, Levitt says traders "may be lured into the false belief that day trading is a sure-fire strategy to make them rich. His words aren't lost on some lawmakers. "If day trading is gambling, and it sure looks like it to this outsider ... then on-site firms are gambling casinos and should be regulated as such," said Sen. Carl Levin of Michigan.
Watching the Blair Web project
LONDON (CBS.MW) -- British business will be joining the dinosaurs if it doesn't seize the opportunities of the Internet. This comes from none other than Tony Blair, the prime minister who needs some Web lessons himself. That's right -- Blair admitted this week he's unable to surf unsupervised. "To say the least, I am no expert," the leader said. "I watch my children and, indeed, Cherie (his wife) surfing the Net and feel a mild, sometimes not so mild, sense of humiliation." Be that as it may, Blair warned Britain's business world that if it doesn't see the Internet as an opportunity it soon will become a threat. Mark Sharman, principal policy adviser at the British Chambers of Commerce in London, said that, although he welcomes Blair's banging the bully pulpit, business is already doing well in cyberspace.
Motorola fortifies high-speed Net strategy
SCHAUMBURG, Ill. (CBS.MW) -- Motorola is about to get another key weapon in its campaign to stake out ground for its chips as the emerging world of high-speed Internet access. Its deal to acquire General Instruments gic combines the No. 1 maker of cable TV set-top boxes with a leading maker of the microprocessors that power them The boxes are expected to be crucial to home communications systems in which the TV controls access to video, phone and high-speed Internet service. At the same time, Motorola " gets an expanded market for its semiconductors. The company, which is also the world's No. 2 cell-phone maker, has been getting rid of low-margin chip operations and focusing on higher-growth markets, such as the cable set-top sector.
A whole new vision for ValueVision
SAN FRANCISCO (CBS.MW) -- In news that first appeared on Internet stock bulletin boards, ValueVision International Inc.'s television home shopping network will rename itself SnapTV and participate in an NBC Internet shopping service. ValueVision vvtv which is part-owned by General Electric's NBC television network GE, -1.91% "will continue to feature its present product line as well as offer new categories of products and brands," according to a Securities and Exchange Commission filing Tuesday that was later distributed across Internet bulletin boards.
Cutting the cord on e-trading
SAN FRANCISCO (CBS.MW) -- It's a mobile world, so why shouldn't mobile investors have a way to trade while they're on the move? Well, the financial services industry had teamed up with tech companies to make sure they can, in spades. Using flashy versions of 3Com's popular Palm Pilots, stock jockeys are buying and selling blocks of stock, whether sitting in the back of a taxi or taking in a power lunch. "People aren't willing to come from work and then sit in front of a PC" to trade, said a spokesman for a software provider involved in the craze. Don't count on mobile trading to unseat point-and-click stock trading. Most of the screens on the gadgets are 3- or 4-inches wide. That doesn?t leave much room for researching and charting stocks.
Underground economy: More than a shadow
NEW YORK (CBS.MW) -- Who knows what happened to $9 trillion in missing output? The shadow knows. That?s the shadow, or underground, economy I?m talking about, where transactions are on a cash basis -- off the books, so to speak. It consists of two types of income. One is derived from legal business, the other comes from illicit activities. An example of legal shadow income would be that paid for such services as home repairs, gardening, and domestic help. Paying cash enables both payer and payee to avoid taxes and government regulations. There?s more buying power out there than meets the eye -- not just in terms of income earned, but people earning it. Many shadow workers are either illegal immigrants or people holding second and third jobs. Maybe that?s why retail sales are so strong.
Texas-sized value in oil-country bank stocks
SAN FRANCISCO (CBS.MW) -- OPEC's campaign to sop up the crude oil glut has served investors well. Oil futures on the Comex in New York -- trading at nearly $25 a barrel -- are at their highest point since February 1997. There's every indication the petroleum cartel at its Sept. 22 meeting in Vienna will uphold its intentions to curb output through next spring. So now how does a lone-star investor going to make money if oil prices stay strong? In a word: banks. Namely Texas banks whose customers are exposed to the oil boom.
An argument against joint intervention
TOKYO (CBS.MW) -- The Japanese yen is undeniably strong, but does that mean the dollar is weak and Larry Summers' strong dollar policy is a a mirage? No, and not yet. And that's the real problem for Tokyo. Because if it were a weak dollar that lay behind the yen's 15 percent rise since early July, Tokyo might get more sympathy from Washington as it makes its loudestappeals yet for coordinated international action to stabilize exchange rates. Instead, however, an emerging Japanese economic recovery and increasingly attractive Japanese assets have fueled demand for yen against almost all other currencies.
Bond market: Loaded for bear
SAN FRANCISCO (CBS.MW) -- Bond market shapers are loaded for bear right now, but I think they are shooting blanks. If you read CBS MarketWatch's economic preview, you'll see that the questions on the street right now are not whether growth is strong or weak or whether inflation is rising or falling, but rather how strong growth is and how much inflation will rise. I think the current market consensus is out to lunch both on the economy and inflation. Meanwhile, as bearish as sentiment is right now, it has failed to exert any upward pressure on yields since early June. The bears are due to be squeezed.
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For God, who said, "Let light shine out of darkness," has shone in our hearts to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ. – 2 Corinthians 4.6
Today we celebrate Epiphany (more here). While the Eastern and Western churches celebrate and articulate this holy day a bit differently, here's a good summation from an Orthodox perspective:
The sixth of January is the feast of the Epiphany. Originally it was the one Christian feast of the "shining forth" of God to the world in the human form of Jesus of Nazareth. It included the celebration of Christ's birth, the adoration of the Wisemen, and all of the childhood events of Christ such as his circumcision and presentation to the temple as well as his baptism by John in the Jordan. There seems to be little doubt that this feast, like Easter and Pentecost, was understood as the fulfillment of a previous Jewish festival, in this case the Feast of Lights.
Thank God for his shining forth among us – revealing the fullness of His glory in the person of Jesus Christ!


text: There are few things more frustrating than searching endlessly for work. There are several factors that contribute to unsuccessful attempts. Perhaps it's where you're looking, an outdated resume, or a lack of an established professional online presences. So if you're having trouble with your job search, before you continue, here are four ways you can improve your job search.


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They tell you, when your new-born is new born, that the baby can smell you and knows your smell. Some of the stauncher midwives tell you that you shouldn't bath after giving birth, and if you absolutely have to, you should not use soap. This unnatural perfume smell will stop the baby from recognising you and might confuse it into thinking you aren't the original source of food. Having a little nursling snuffling at your breast brings all of this home, and while I wasn't prepared to go the whole hog (literally, it might seem, as that is probably what I smelled like at the time) and not have a bath, I certainly didn't want to confuse the baby by using deodorants or soaps.
I am still feeding Little Miss Snoopy (some might raise eyebrows at this - she is almost two, after all) and I wondered when this craving for the "mother smell" ends. I obviously started using all my usual perfumes soon after I got home from the hospital - it is one thing to not confuse or upset the baby, and an entirely other thing not to confuse and upset the husband. A fine line must be walked. But she seemed to settle into my perfume-y aroma just fine, and got used to me being the provider no matter what I smelled like. She still snuggles close, be it early in the morning or late at night, her mind fixed on the wonderful aroma that leads her to where the food is at.
However, the boys have no qualms about letting me know it is not the motherly smell that they need anymore. Sam crawled into my bed early this morning and I held him close to me. "Not too close, Mama," he whined, obviously a victim of my morning breath. "I don't like that smelly smell!" He quickly back-tracked and tried to make me feel less bad, but the damage was done. That mama-smell just ain't as good as it used to be!


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Principles of Mobile Communication pp 35-113 | Cite as
Propagation Modeling
A typical cellular radio system consists of a collection of base stations (BSs) that are relatively free from local scatterers. The BS antenna height and placement affects the proximity of local scatterers. In a macrocellular environment, the BS antennas are usually well elevated above the local terrain. No direct line-of-sight (LOS) path exists between the BS and mobile station (MS) antennas, because of the natural and man-made objects that are in the immediate vicinity of the MS. As a consequence of reflections, scattering and diffraction, multiple plane waves arrive at a MS from many different directions and with different delays, as shown in Fig. 2.1. This property is called multipath propagation. The multiple plane waves combine vectorially at the receiver antenna to produce a composite received signal.
KeywordsMobile Station Path Loss Receive Signal Strength Isotropic Scattering Antenna Height
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.


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Report: North Korea threatens to pull out of summit with U.S.
Posted: Tue 1:19 PM, May 15, 2018 | Updated: Tue 1:26 PM, May 15, 2018
PYONGYANG, North Korea (KKTV) - With less than a month until its historic summit with the United States, North Korea is now threatening to back out.
This is according to a South Korean news agency, who cites the ongoing South Korea-U.S. military drills as a reason.
North Korea has loudly complained about the routine military exercises between the two nations for years, and at times has threatened action.
The two-week military exercise began last week.
South Korea's Yonhap News Agency reported that a high-level meeting between the Koreas Wednesday was canceled due to the exercises and that Pyongyang was questioning whether the summit with the U.S. should be canceled too.
The summit is scheduled for June 12 in Singapore.
This is a developing story and we will update as more information becomes available.


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Chief Strategy Officer, Media Development Investment Fund, Inc.
Patrice Schneider started his publishing career as a journalist reporting from conflicts in Central Asia in the 1980s.
Following a 20 years career in publishing (Time Warner Group, Lagardère Active) and international organisation (World Economic Forum), he now works as the Chief Strategy Officer for the Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF) which invests in independent media around the world providing the news, information and debate that people need to build free, thriving societies.
Since 1996, MDIF - a three consecutive years winner of the ImpactAssets 50 awards - has provided more than $153 million in affordable financing in more 100 clients across 39 countries, writing off less than 7% of the total loaned and invested. MDIF has returned $33.2 million to investors. It has a current portfolio of $59 million in outstanding loans and investments.
Patrice is a Board Member of the EVPA – the European Venture Philanthropy Association.
Human Rights • Peace and Human Rights


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Mr Grey will tell his side of the story in Grey: Fifty Shades of Grey is Now Up for Pre-order - Out June 18th
Amazon US Kindle: http://amzn.to/1I56hjt
Amazon US Paperback: http://amzn.to/1LXa6rn
Amazon UK: http://amzn.to/1ctHJoP
Amazon UK Paperback: http://amzn.to/1Jk2nER
Amazon CA: http://amzn.to/1dGY4Ij
Amazon CA Paperback: http://amzn.to/1Jk2AI5
Amazon AUS: http://bit.ly/1HH3JVM
See the world of Fifty Shades of Grey anew through the eyes of Christian Grey.
In Christian's own words, and through his thoughts, reflections, and dreams, E L James offers a fresh perspective on the love story that has enthralled millions of readers around the world.
Christian Grey exercises control in all things; his world is neat, disciplined, and utterly empty—until the day that Anastasia Steele falls into his office, in a tangle of shapely limbs and tumbling brown hair. He tries to forget her, but instead is swept up in a storm of emotion he cannot comprehend and cannot resist. Unlike any woman he has known before, shy, unworldly Ana seems to see right through him—past the business prodigy and the penthouse lifestyle to Christian's cold, wounded heart.
Will being with Ana dispel the horrors of his childhood that haunt Christian every night? Or will his dark sexual desires, his compulsion to control, and the self-loathing that fills his soul drive this girl away and destroy the fragile hope she offers him?
This book is intended for mature audiences.


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ECE Alumni of the greater Seattle area gathered for a networking dinner at the World Trade Center on March 19, 2015. The event, sponsored by ECE Alumni Babak Parviz (Amazon) and Dawson Yee (Microsoft), was the first time many alumni in the area had a chance to meet. The evening was such a success, plans are already underway for a follow-up event.
ECE Chair Khalil Najafi gave remarks about the ECE division and its current projects. He also had a fun time selecting the winners of some True Blue raffle gifts.
Professors Yogesh Gianchandani, Mohammed Islam and Jay Guo shared brief remarks about their research. Everyone had a great time as they renewed friendships and made valuable contacts.
"The alumni were really engaged," said Prof. Islam. Attendees represented many companies, including Microsoft, Amazon, Nintendo, Planetary Resources, and Google. Several were entrepreneurs. Alumni spanned generations, with some graduates as recent as 2014 and others seniors in their field.
Guests and faculty shared stories of their current work, and made promises to keep in touch.
"Dawson was very interested in many technical aspects of the work we discussed," said Prof. Guo. "He asked me to keep him updated as things progress in my research."
Thanks to the enthusiastic crowd, faculty and area alumni are already looking ahead to future events.
Download these photos on Flickr


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Set within this exclusive award winning development we are pleased to offer this exceptional cottage, located minutes from the bustling town of Comber and with residents only pool and gym.
These fine homes have been designed and finished to an exceptional standard and offer modern accommodation throughout. The ground floor presents itself to a spacious, open plan lounge/kitchen/dining area with the kitchen benefiting from an extensive range of integrated appliances and feature island unit with breakfast bar. The first floor boasts two generous sized bedrooms both offering ensuite facilities, which have been fitted with modern white 'Villeroy and Boch' suites. Externally one can enjoy private rear gardens laid out in brick pavia.
Perfectly located overlooking the lake with its feature fountain this beautiful cottage offers an abundance of attributes not to mention ease of access to Ballygowan, Newtownards and Belfast City. This is surely an opportunity not to be missed and we would advise your earliest internal inspection.
Hardwood PVC entrance door; solid Oak strip floor; telephone jack point; recessed low voltage spotlights; wall light; wired smoke detector.
White suite comprising suspended low flush wc; wall mounted corner wash hand basin with mixer tap and ceramic tiled splashback; solid Oak strip floor; recessed low voltage spotlights.
Feature 'Gosh' remote control gas fire; TV aerial point; wired for Sky TV; soild Oak strip floor; telephone jack point; recessed low voltage spotlights; beam vacuum point; built in surround sound system; open plan to:
Extensive range of modern 'Nolte' high and low level cupboards and drawers with chrome fittings; matching 'Nolte' cantilevered display cabinets; 'Frankie' 1½ tub stainless steel sink unit with mixer tap and 'Frankie' drying system; filtered water system; excellent range of 'Miele' integrated appliances to include microwave, electric oven, fridge freezer, separate freezer; dishwasher; 'Neff' washer dryer; feature island with 'Miele' five ring gas hob and 'Miele' stainless steel and glass extractor fan and light over; breakfast bar; granite effect laminate worktops and splashbask; part ceramic tiled floor; recessed low voltage spotlights; part tiled Oak strip floor; telephone jack point; double French doors leading to rear garden; built in storage cupboard with 'Geminox' gas fired boiler and 'Geminox' hot water system.
Recessed low voltage spotlights; beam vacuum point; wired smoke detector.
Built in mirrored sliderobes; fitted high and low interior wardrobe fitments; built in storage cupboard; recessed low voltage spotlights; access to roofspace.
Luxury white suite comprising 'Villeroy and Boch' with ceramic tile surround and mixer taps; suspended low flush wc; 'Villeroy and Boch' wash hand basin with monoblock tap on wall mounted vanity unit with glass top; ceramic tile splashback; walk in fully tiled shower cubicle in glass surround with 'Matki' shower unit with wall mounted telephone shower attachment and drench shower head over; separate drying area; heated chrome towel rail; ceramic tile floor; recessed low voltage spotlights; under floor heating; part ceramic tiled walls to tiled floor; electric shaver point.
Built in mirrored sliderobes; recessed low voltage spotlights; shelves and hanging space; telephone point.
Luxury 'Villeroy and Boch' white suite comprising fully tiled shower cubicle with sliding glass shower door; wash hand basin with monoblock tap and vanity unit under ceramic tile splash back; low flush wc; heated towel rail; recessed low voltage spotlights; electric shaver point.
Fully enclosed rear garden laid out in brick pavia with decorative pebbled area; outside lights; water taps; air conditioning system.
Front garden laid out in small mature flowerbeds and brick pavia pathways; beautiful views over water feature and fountain.
Offers Around £169,950
£152,500. Rates Payable = £1014.58 per annum (approx)
Strictly By Appointment Through The Agent
£500 per annum (approx)
* Click boxes to display surrounding locations
Disclaimer: The following calculations act as a guide only, and are based on a typical repayment mortgage model. Financial decisions should not be made based on these calculations and accuracy is not guaranteed. Always seek professional advice before making any financial decisions.


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I have been blogging as a hobby for about 4 years (check out my personal blog dedicated to my crafting and family life here) and I have been thinking for a while about creating one about my work.
So here goes nothing. I'm planning to keep this running for the remainder of the current academic year and then see how I feel. Whether I continue will depend on the response I get and whether it feels too much like extra work! So please comment, positively or negatively. I love reading your comments
|Pictures may be thin on the ground - it's not really done to whip your camera phone out mid-lesson - but this is one of our students collecting their certificates fromt he Mayor of Woking last September
This is not a 'teaching blog'. It is a blog about teaching. I am no guru. I am not going to tell you how to teach. I'm just someone who has been doing this teaching thing for 20 years and still enjoys it. I consider myself lucky to have a job where I meet so many interesting people and do something different every day. Rarely does a week go by without me learning something new, so that is what I plan to share. If you pick up some ideas for your own classes along the way, that's fab. Please let me know how they went.
I'm assuming most of you are also teachers, but that may not be the case. Please leave a comment to introduce yourselves, and I'll see you soon with my first 'ESOL Experiences'.


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Honeywell MS9540 VoyagerCG - Barcode scanner - handheld - 72 line / sec - decoded - USB - Scanner only, no stand/cableItem#:� YYI2-BM4696 �|�Model#:�MS9540-38-3
- Price:
- $164.99
- Shipping:
- Currently out of Stock (Details)
Additional Resources
Honeywell MS9540 VoyagerCG - barcode scanne Product Details
The MS9540, VoyagerCG incorporates Honeywell's patented auto-trigger and CodeGate button feature. When a bar code is place in the scanner's IR range, the auto-trigger activates the laser enabling the user to align the visible laser line over the bar code selected for scanning. The user can then press the CodeGate button, to transmit the data to the host system. When the MS9540 is placed in the stand the CodeGate button feature will automatically deactivating for hands free operation.
Type: Barcode scanner - handheld
Color: Black
Interface Type: USB
Minimum Bar Width: 5.1968 mil
Scan Field Width: 2.52 in - 9.8 in
Scan Element Type: Visible laser diode
Light Source Wave Length: 650 nm
Scan Mode: Single-pass
Scan Speed: 72 line / sec
Max Working Distance: 8 in
Skew (Degrees): 52
Pitch (Degrees): 68
Print Contrast Signal (PCS): 35%
Decode Capability: EAN/JAN, Code 93, Code 39, GS1 DataBar, Bookland, Code 39 Full ASCII, UPC-A, UPC-E, Codabar, Code 128, Code 11, UPC, Interleaved 2 of 5, MSI-Plessey, UPC-A/EAN-13 with Extended Coupon Code
TTL Decoding: Decoded
Connectivity Technology: Wired
OK Notification: Beeper, LED indicator
Features: Triggered, Reduced Space Symbology (RSS), CodeGate
Expansion / Connectivity
Interfaces: 1 x USB
Cables Included: 1 x no data cable is included
Compliant Standards: FCC Class B certified, UL, cUL, IEC 825-1/EN 60825-1 class 1, EN55022 Class B, ICES-003 Class B
Dimensions & Weight
Width: 3.1 in
Depth: 1.6 in
Height: 7.8 in
Weight: 5.26 oz
Environmental Parameters
Min Operating Temperature: 32 �F
Max Operating Temperature: 104 �F
Humidity Range Operating: 5 - 95%
Drop Specification: 5 ft
Additional Resources: Product Manuals
Frequently Bought Together
- Buy this item with Honeywell PoweredUSB cable
Manufactured by: Honeywell
Warranty provided by: Honeywell
UPC No:
Mfg Part No: MS9540-38-3
Box Size:
( Length:0, Width:0, Depth:0)
Shipping Weight: 0.5800 pound(s)
Click here for full warranty and support information
- Honeywell logos are registered trademarks of Honeywell. All others trademarks and copyrights mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners.


text:
Own this business? Learn more about offering online ordering to your diners.
China Dumpling
Spring roll, BBQ ribs, fried shrimp dumpling, wing & teriyaki beef
With sweet and sour sauce
Our 3 most popular Dim Sum dishes all combined together in one. 3 crystal shrimp dumplings, 3 siu mai, and 3 shrimp and chive dumplings
Our signature dumplings filled with pork and cabbage steamed 6 or pan fried 6
Meatless version of our china dumplings,steamed 6 or pan fried 6
Steamed dumplings fillled with shrimp & bamboo shoots
Open topped steamed dumplings filled with pork, shrimp and mushrooms
Minced shrimp seasoned and wrapped in a thin pastry then deep fried served with a sweet cream sauce
Shrimp and garlic, chives wrapped in a clear dough made of wheat starch pan fried to a golden crisp with a tender filling in the center
Soft egg noodle
Filet mignon, lobster, scallops, & chicken with veg.
Lobster, shrimp, string bean, asparagus, mushroom, & spinach
Chunk of filet mignon with fresh mushrooms & asparagus
In sweet mayo dressing with walnut
With tomato spicy red bean paste
With salt & pepper corn
With garden vegetables
Steamed shrimp, chicken, and scallop over steamed mix veg. Served side dipping spicy lite soyo
Chunk of fine marinated tender beef steak, pan fried to perfection, served with chinese broccoli and chefs special steak sauce
Jumbo shrimps, chicken & roast pork with mixed vegetables in a black bean sauce
Sliced chicken with pepper and onions in a curry sauce
Shredded beef, chicken & pork with mix veg.
Bean curd with minced pork sauteed in hunan style hot bean paste
With scallions and ginger
Lobster, shrimp, & scallop. mixed vegetable with black bean sauce
With minced pork
With mixed vegetable
With mixed vegetables
With garlic sauce
Sliced chicken or beef with chinese eggplant and mixed vegetables in a spicy brown sauce
Mixed vegetables with vermicelli noodles in a brown sauce
Shrimp, chicken, beef & roast pork with seared tofu over lettuce in a tasty brown sauce
Braised bean curd sauteed with garden vegetables
Shrimp, pork, & chicken
Shrimp, pork, & chicken
Pineapple, chicken, pork, & beef
Choice of: chicken, roast pork, beef, or shrimp
Menu for China Dumpling provided by Allmenus.com
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Coach Sal DeRosalia
Level 1 CrossFit Certified
CrossFit Kids Certified
CrossFit Olympic Weightlifting Certified
CrossFit Football Certified Coach
Level 1 USAW Sports Performance Coach
Hi, my name is Sal and I am the lead trainer at the Bainbridge Island CrossFit gym, CrossFit Outcome. My CrossFit journey began in 2008 when my friend, Darrick Baker and I discovered the CrossFit main site. We were looking for something short, sweet and intense because we had limited time and were just plain old bored of the regular gym routine. I have been hooked ever since.
Before finding CrossFit I sporadically hit the gym, ran and played some soccer and basketball. I was not a High School or College athlete. I was never able to stay with any of these activities on a consistent basis so I never was able to achieve the level of fitness I wanted. CrossFit was/is different for me. It is a physical and mental challenge that I haven't been able to walk away from and also one that keeps me motivated.
After doing CrossFit on Bainbridge for a year and a half I decided to get my Level 1 CrossFit Certification in 2009.
I opened my own CrossFit gym on Bainbridge Island in late 2010. Opening the gym has been one of the most amazing experiences of my life. I work here 7 days a week and it is all worth it. Ask the members and they will tell you that I am 100% dedicated to our CrossFit gym and to the members who make it up. Since the day we opened, we have continually added new and better equipment, brought in programs that benefit our members and sought to improve the standard of fitness for everyone who walks through the door. Simply put, this gym and it's members are my life.
CrossFit is not for everyone and that is something I have had to learn the hard way. I want so much for everyone to be able to get what I get out of CrossFit. It is as much a mental exercise as it is a physical one. The best part about it is that we are all in it together. We all know how it feels to work hard and feel like we have nothing left and we all support one another in our journey to make it through another day at the gym because we know it's worth it.
CrossFit has changed my life and allowed me to achieve goals I did not know where possible. Over the last couple of years I have seen members lose weight, become stronger and more athletic but most of all, become healthier human beings in mind, body and spirit. Thank you for everything you have given me and I promise I will continue to give it back! I hope to see you at our gym!


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Though a teenager who has recently acquired a driver's license may dream of a red sports car, parents who decide to buy their teenager a vehicle may want to consider other factors.
Since teenagers are typically the most inexperienced of drivers, buying a vehicle that tops safety ranking lists and comes standard with many protective features may be a good pick. Fuel economy and other factors related to ownership costs may also need to be considered.
It may also be advisable to purchase a vehicle without too much power under the hood for an inexperienced teen driver.
According to Kiplinger, cars that fit these criteria include the Kia Soul, for those who plan to buy a new car, and the 2008 Scion xB for those who plan to buy used. Those who would like to secure financing for a vehicle for their teen driver can look into obtaining an auto loan before heading to the dealership, as having financing prepared before going to the dealership can make the bargaining process go more smoothly for the consumer. Both vehicles reportedly get excellent safety ratings, high resale value and low ownership costs, making them ideal for teen drivers.


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Running Time: 111 min.
Release Date: April 1, 2016 - Toronto, Vancouver, Montréal - April 1, 2016 - Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver
April 15 - select cities
DVD: June 21, 2016
Current rating:
based on 10 votes and 3 reviews
Rate Movie | Read all user reviews
Cast: Michael Shannon, Joel Edgerton, Kirsten Dunst, Adam Driver, Jaeden Lieberher, Sam Shepard, Bill Camp, Scott Haze, Paul Sparks
Roy (Michael Shannon) goes on the run with a friend (Joel Edgerton) to protect Roy's young son Alton (Jaeden Lieberher) and to uncover the truth behind the boy's special powers.
Alton wears goggles to keep his powers in check as they run from government agents who think he's a weapon, and religious extremists who think he's a savior. He sleeps during the day to protect his eyes from the sunlight, and they travel by night.
On the way to the home of Alton's mother Sarah (Kirsten Dunst), they have to dodge the authorities, who have an Amber Alert out in order to capture Alton and find out the truth behind his special powers.
Jeff Nichols
Studio: Warner Bros. Pictures
Producer(s): Sarah Green, Brian Kavanaugh-Jones
Screenplay: Jeff Nichols
Official Site: midnightspecialmovie.com
The sci-fi thriller Midnight Special may be a slow-burn, but the intrigue it inspires...
Long weekends are always tough to follow up. There's a certain sullenness that hangs...
Jeff Nichols (Mud, Take Shelter) is the screenwriter and director of the new Warner...
The epic final trailer for the sci-fi flick The Divergent Series: Allegiant is the...


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We dream of a greener Beirut
|Enjoy your green space
"Beirut Green Project is a reaction to the uncontrolled sprawl of cement and buildings eating up our city. We believe in different modes of urban planning that take into account our basic human right to have access to more green spaces.
It all started in 2010, on World Environment Day, with a very impulsive street intervention, which aimed to cleverly point out how ridiculously little green there is in Beirut.
In 2011, we decided to carry on with larger interventions and projects, which not only raise awareness but also aim to change this situation. We formed a small collective of individuals who are frustrated, motivated, and energetic enough to demand more. With all the love and support we have gathered, we are hopeful that someday soon, our dream will become a reality."
Interviews and articles:
France24 - Tv interview
France24 - les observateurs article(fr) - arabic version
The daily star
Now Lebanon
The identity chef


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So The Sun, has come out as supporting the Tories for Thursday's European and County elections. Mildly interesting.
Not that this isn't huge news but who else would The Sun support? The 'NuLab love in' has long since passed.
But factor in that this is a News International paper, where the proprietor (one Rupert Murdoch) has a history of being involved in that particular decision, and who is someone that all main parties try and court. Now that makes it much more interesting.
But here's an even more interesting question: what is the ongoing relationship going to be like between the next Tory Government and The Daily Telegraph? Now that really is interesting.
Monday, 1 June 2009
New Tory Media
1 comment:
- thespecialone said...
Or of course the relationship between the Tories and the BBC!
- Tuesday, 02 June, 2009
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Imagine Health Medical Esthetics
We offer an impressive selection of beauty and cosmetic services, including CoolSculpting body contouring, full laser services, Vivier Skin, Skin TX, Oxygenetixs foundation, Latisse, botox and a variety of injectables. Our Cosmetic Consultants, laser technicians, and specialized physicians are passionate about what they do and work closely with other specialists to maximize results. Imagine Health will be adding more cosmetic services shortly, so please check back for more details. Please consult your physician before considering any cosmetic services.


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Thursday, 31 December 2009
Happy New Year
Now seems like the right time to post this image, which I finished just before Christmas for Kevin Wilson at the Financial Times. A lot of detail but a lot of fun, with lots of predictions for 2010... the hottest EVER year?
Posted by Barry Falls at 09:00
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Small groups are a great way to grow and connect with others in your community and in the church.
At Sola Fide you will discover a warm group of real people dedicated to following our Lord and Savior, Jesus.
Engaging in God's plan to redeem the world by extending his kingdom into every race, language, and nation.
We provide opportunities for people to grow in their understanding of the Good News and take action for it!
Every Wednesday, 6:30 PM - 8:00 PM
About the Study
This group is relaxed and family friendly. We meet at church where the kids can play in the classrooms or sit with...
Every Thursday, 6:00 PM - 8:30 PM
Come hang out with us! Games, worship, and a look at God's Word.
Learn more about Youth Ministry at Sola Fide
Every Sunday, 9:30 AM - 12:00 PM
Join us on Sunday!
Come for the fellowship, worship and Biblical message.
For the Kids
We have nursery care & Sunday...
by Jean Tisserand
O sons and daughters of the King,Whom heavenly hosts in glory sing,Today the grave has lost its sting!
That Easter morn, at break of...
by Joseph Mohr
Silent night, holy night,All is calm, all is brightRound yon virgin mother and Child.Holy Infant, so tender and mild,Sleep in heavenly...
by John Ernest Bode
Jesus told us to go make disciples, baptizing them and teaching to to obey all he commanded us. What are the commands of Jesus?


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james mannion x mr penfold
For our first release Four Three Six turn to two men at the top of their game. The music comes courtesy of James Mannion, who has been honing his craft for half a decade producing music from right across the electronic spectrum before engaging fully with Bass music. The 'Creeper' EP sees him taking elements of House, Garage, Breaks and Dubstep and merging them into something unique. Dark and sinister but driving and dancefloor in equal measure. Lead track 'Pronto' has already picked up DJ support from Sinden, Doctor Jeep and Vanilla Ace.
The T-Shirt design comes courtesy of Bristol-based and internationally-exhibited artist and designer Mr Penfold. Working in sculpture, painting and screen-print Penfold takes classical and street influences and blends them into his own signature style and here he presents bold and futuristic shapes that marry perfectly with Mannion's sound.


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Dark Red Velvet Cake Recipe
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App uses Instagram to help travelers instantly determine the vibe of city venues
Beeline Reader
We're constantly looking for innovative ways to improve the Springwise experience, and so we're now introducing BeeLine Reader, a new technology that helps you read more quickly and efficiently. To learn more about BeeLine Reader, an award-winning startup funded by Intel Capital, see BeeLineReader.com.
Instagram may be a great tool for sharing personal photos, but the data in those images can actually provide insight into what's going on at any point in the world at any time. We've already seen Sweden's Arlanda Airport harness the platform for its Local's Guide app, and now a new app called Jetpac is using Instagram to let users check the vibe of city venues.
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Life unfolds ... some of it here. This blog began as a way to focus on the good things in the midst of a crisis and be a connection to friends and family when it seemed to take all of my time just to weather the storms. It seems to have transformed into a sanctuary of musing and inspiration. Feel free to join me!
Sunday, February 11, 2007
It's BIRTHDAY time!
OK ... so it's a late birthday. But it's special! We had a party for Mom while my aunt and uncle were in town. My cousin's family came, too. My step-brother is the TALL guy in the back (for those looking, he's single)! We had a HUGE cake with frosting a mile high it seemed.
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What could there possibly be to learn about the word, hide? We're pretty much all familiar with the game Hide N' Seek. Sometimes there are things people may [try] to hide. But did you know that in the book of Esther, Yahweh is hidden- so to speak?
Webster's 1828 Dictionary defines hide as: "1. To conceal; to withhold or withdraw from sight; to place in any state or position in which the view is intercepted from the object. The intervention of the moon between the earth and the sun hides the latter from our sight. The people in Turkey hide their grain in the earth. No human being can hide his crimes or his neglect of duty from his Maker. 2. To conceal from knowledge; to keep secret. 4. To protect; to keep in safety.
Purim (the Feast of Lots) is coming up and there are some really neat lessons to learn from it!
Esther's (Hadassah's) identity was hidden in order to help preserve her people. Yahweh planned to put Hadassah in place... in position in which the view (that being her true identity as a Jew) is intercepted from the object (Haman) in Yahweh's own time. This plan of Yahweh's, "conceal from knowledge; to keep secret" Esther's true identity, was to "protect; to keep in safety" the tribe of Judah.
Sometimes, when people read about this, they kind of shrug it off. But it really is a big deal! One of the most important details is that the Jewish line was preserved. And as such, the prophecy of Yeshua our Messiah came to pass. He was to be born through the Jewish line; and if they had been annihilated, how would our Savior come to fulfill prophecy? Purim is a remembrance of deliverance. And it led to further deliverance for salvation through Messiah! It's something to celebrate!
Once we started to learn about Purim, we learned that nowhere in the book of Esther is Yahweh (God) mentioned. Not once. Not by any of His names at all. Not even in prayer. We didn't realize that before researching about Purim. Did you? Some scholars think that it is to emphasize that He was hidden behind the scenes (but clearly His Hand is seen!).
It reminds me of times when I've wondered in some circumstances, "Lord, where are You?!!" But He is always providing, preparing us for His plans He conceals from us until He is ready to reveal them, and working in hearts through circumstances even when it isn't obvious to me.
It makes me think about our brothers and sisters in Yeshua being persecuted today. Where is He? He is behind the scenes. He is present. The battle is His. And we are called to be prayer warriors. What would happen if we were to fast and pray?
As Christians, why should we be afraid? The Lord is our light and our salvation. He has delivered us from the penalty of sin and eternal death.
Psalm 27:5-7 says:
"5 For in the time of trouble he shall hide me in his pavilion: in the secret of his tabernacle shall he hide me; he shall set me up upon a rock.
6 And now shall mine head be lifted up above mine enemies round about me: therefore will I offer in his tabernacle sacrifices of joy; I will sing, yea, I will sing praises unto the Lord.
7 Hear, O Lord, when I cry with my voice: have mercy also upon me, and answer me."
Won't you celebrate the minor Bible Feast of Purim because of the deliverance He has given us?
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Rubbish as well as junk elimination tend to be an essential part associated with any kind of neighborhood. This particular support is extremely frequently matched as well as performed through the municipality by which you reside, or even it might be something you need to agreement by yourself for the house or even company. Either way, the majority of businesses is only going to total the rubbish pick-up which contours in order to particular guidelines. In case your waste materials fingertips requirements vary from these types of restrictions, you are remaining to cope with the actual rubbish under consideration by yourself period as well as your personal cent. Inside a one-time scenario, this is often achievable, if your garbage elimination requirements regularly do not complement using what your own normal garbage support provides, considering an additional personal organization that may be practical is within your very best curiosity.
The conventional exercise on most garbage pick-up providers, particularly the ones that tend to be matched because of your city or even town, would be to concern (or to possess a person buy) a particular dimension garbage may. You are after that likely to place that may away through the suppress or even roadside on the particular day time with regard to pick-up. You are frequently prohibited in order to surpass a particular quantity of garbage containers and may end up being billed additional with regard to placing away a lot more than your own allocated quantity of junk in certain places. You are additionally not really allowed in order to get rid of specific kinds of waste materials, for example aged furnishings, home appliances, wheels, building particles, or even dangerous supplies. These types of restrictions tend to be completely easy to understand and therefore are in position with regard to factors associated with wellness, security, protection, as well as appearance. They're, nevertheless, irritating should you choose have to get rid of components of this sort.
In the event that, in your house or even company, you discover which a number of from the restrictions mentioned previously allow it to be hard that you should get rid of your own waste materials inside a well-timed as well as accountable method regularly, think about getting a personal garbage get support which has the capacity to be practical. There are lots of dependable, reliable businesses available who are able to manage bigger-than-usual levels of garbage as well as big or even dangerous products. You may also frequently select your personal pick-up day time having a personal organization, meaning your own garbage will get removed on the routine which functions for you personally, not only with regard to what ever organization you will be along with. These types of expert garbage elimination companies additionally provide from dumpster leasing support in order to rubbish carrying. Which means that you will get gone considerable amounts associated with rubbish and/or ungainly products if you want in order to, end up being which on the one-time or perhaps a constant foundation.
Rubbish selection is actually very important in order to maintaining your house or even company operating efficiently. In case your present garbage support is not on your side, think about getting in touch with a brand new organization with regard to rubbish support which functions for you personally.


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- made conspicuous by excellence; noted; eminent; famous: a distinguished scholar.
- having an air of distinction, dignity, or eminence: a distinguished old gentleman.
- conspicuous; marked.
Origin of distinguished
Synonym study
- to mark off as different (often followed by from or by): He was distinguished from the other boys by his height.
- to recognize as distinct or different; recognize the salient or individual features or characteristics of: It is hard to distinguish her from her twin sister.
- to perceive clearly by sight or other sense; discern; recognize: He could not distinguish many of the words.
- to set apart as different; be a distinctive characteristic of; characterize: It is his Italian accent that distinguishes him.
- to make prominent, conspicuous, or eminent: to distinguish oneself in battle.
- to divide into classes; classify: Let us distinguish the various types of metaphor.
- Archaic. to single out for or honor with special attention.
- to indicate or show a difference (usually followed by between).
- to recognize or note differences; discriminate.
Origin of distinguish
Synonym study
Antonyms for distinguish
Related Words for distinguishednotable, noble, renowned, venerable, honored, remarkable, brilliant, great, famed, illustrious, eminent, well-known, reputable, acclaimed, noted, dignified, prominent, esteemed, name, striking
Examples from the Web for distinguished
Contemporary Examples of distinguished
A former superintendent of Milwaukee schools, he is now a Distinguished Professor of Education at Marquette University.Dr. Howard Fuller's Injustice Education
Campbell Brown
December 21, 2014
"Clive has had a fantastic and distinguished career so we listen to what he has to say," he said.Victim: I Watched British MPs Rape and Murder Young Boys
Nico Hines
December 18, 2014
A large number of detectives were involved, with long and distinguished records, from three different squads.The Myth of the Central Park Five
Edward Conlon
October 19, 2014
She struck back at the "professional" historians more than once over a long and distinguished career.Barbara Tuchman's 'The Guns of August' Is Still WWI's Peerless Chronicle
James A. Warren
September 29, 2014
Stephen Eric Bronner is a Distinguished Professor of Political Science at Rutgers University.Why Bigotry Persists
Stephen Eric Bronner
September 28, 2014
Historical Examples of distinguished
Doesn't the baron look just too distinguished beside Mr. Higbee?The Spenders
Harry Leon Wilson
They gave him a title which distinguished him from the others.Ancient Man
Hendrik Willem van Loon
Yet not so much a slave to it, she distinguished, as to Martin's absorption in its development.Dust
Mr. and Mrs. Haldeman-Julius
The three distinguished characters were a spendthrift, a bailiff, and a dun.Tales And Novels, Volume 4 (of 10)
Maria Edgeworth
Then all was in such uproar, that no voices could be distinguished.Tales And Novels, Volume 5 (of 10)
Maria Edgeworth
- noble or dignified in appearance or behaviour
- eminent; famous; celebrated
- (when intr, foll by between or among) to make, show, or recognize a difference or differences (between or among); differentiate (between)
- to be a distinctive feature of; characterize
- to make out; perceive
- to mark for a special honour or title
- to make (oneself) noteworthyhe distinguished himself by his cowardice
- to classify; categorizewe distinguished three species
Word Origin for distinguish
c.1600, "separate," past participle adjective from distinguish. Sense of "famous, celebrated," recorded from 1714; meaning "having an air of distinction" is from 1748.
1560s, from Middle French distinguiss-, stem of distinguer, or directly from Latin distinguere "to separate between, separate by pricking," from dis- "apart" (see dis-) + -stinguere "to prick" (see extinguish, and cf. Latin instinguere "to incite, impel").
The suffix -ish is due to the influence of many verbs in which it is the equivalent of Old French -iss-, ultimately from Latin inchoative suffix -iscere (this is also the case in extinguish, admonish, and astonish). Related: Distinguishing. The earlier form of the verb was distinguen (mid-14c.).


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Journal of Chemistry
Volume 2017, Article ID 5763832, 8 pages
Removal of Cd (II) from Aqueous Media by Adsorption onto Chemically and Thermally Treated Rice Husk
1Department of Biology, University of Tolima, Altos de Santa Helena, C. P. 730006 Ibagué, Colombia
2Department of Chemistry, University of Tolima, Altos de Santa Helena, C. P. 730006 Ibagué, Colombia
3Department of Physics, University of Tolima, Altos de Santa Helena, C. P. 730006 Ibagué, Colombia
Correspondence should be addressed to Ramiro Uribe-Kaffure; oc.ude.tu@ebiruar
Received 8 March 2017; Revised 9 May 2017; Accepted 15 May 2017; Published 6 June 2017
Academic Editor: Wenshan Guo
Copyright © 2017 María Camila Hoyos-Sánchez et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Chemically and thermally treated rice husks were evaluated as a potential decontaminant of toxic Cd (II) in aqueous media. Rice husk (RH), a by-product from rice milling, was chemically treated with HCl and NaOH. Then, thermal treatments to 300, 500, and 700°C were applied. The chemical composition and morphological characteristics of RH were evaluated by different techniques. The specific surface area analysis of RH samples by BET nitrogen adsorption method provided specific surface areas ranging from 6 to 14 m2/g. SEM, FTIR, and EDX analyses of RH were carried out to determine the surface morphology, functional groups involved in metal binding mechanism, and C/O and C/Si ratios, respectively. The maximum Cd (II) adsorption capacity was 28.27 mg/g at an optimum pH, 6.0. The kinetic studies revealed that adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
1. Introduction
Although many different definitions have been proposed to the term "heavy metal," some based on density, some on atomic number or atomic weight, and some on chemical properties [1], the term is often used to denote a group of metals and semimetals (metalloids) that have been associated with contamination and potential toxicity or ecotoxicity.
While some are essential for growth, reproduction, and survival of living organisms, the contamination by heavy metals has become a significant environmental problem [2, 3]. In order to minimize the hazardous effects of such elements on the environment and human health, there is a particular need for the development of efficient techniques for removing heavy metals from water sources.
Among the heavy metals, cadmium, which exists commonly in Cd (II) form in aqueous media, poses severe risks to human health. It has been reported that cadmium intoxication can lead to kidney [4], bone [5], and pulmonary [6] damage among others. Therefore, the increase in environmental cadmium concentrations, mainly for its use in industrial processes, added to the fact that it has not shown any physiological function within the human body [7], validates the study of techniques for cadmium removal from aqueous media.
In recent years, a wide variety of techniques have been applied for removal of heavy metal from aqueous media: ion exchange [8], bioremediation by microorganism [9], biometallurgy [10], and bioelectrochemical metal recovery [11], among others. In this context, adsorption has been referenced as an efficient and easy-to-use alternative. By this method, environmental pollutants are removed and concentrated on a specific area for better handling and disposal. Materials such as activated carbon and clays, among others, have shown a potential contaminants adsorbent capacity. However, in the need to find inexpensive and high availability materials, there are a growing number of studies on agroindustrial waste as bagasse from sugar [12], stem of papaya [13], shell bean [14], banana peel [15], coffee residues [16], orange peel [17], among others, to be used as adsorbent materials.
Previous reports have shown the potential of raw rice husk and rice husk ash as adsorbent materials for metals in aqueous media [18–20]; however, chemical and physical changes on the material are required to optimize their adsorbent capacity [21]. This study was aimed to evaluate the Cd (II) adsorption capacity onto different adsorbent materials obtained from rice husk chemically and thermally treated (not necessarily as ash). In addition, it tries to determine the experimental pH and equilibrium time conditions required to achieve the highest percentage of Cd (II) adsorption onto rice husk.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Samples Preparation
Rice (Oryzika-I) husks were provided by a local industry (Molino Caribe), located in Espinal city, Colombia. To prepare the samples, the rice husks were manually cleaned and thoroughly washed with distilled water to remove all dirt. Then rice husks were crushed and passed through a steel sieve; particle sizes ≤ 100 μm were obtained. At this point, chemical composition analysis was performed. Without any other physical or chemical treatment on rice husk, we select the first sample, RHw (rice husk without treatment).
Chemical and Thermal Treatment on Rice Husks. According to previous reports, the treatment of rice husks with HCl helps in removing impurities such as inorganic salts [22]. Besides, it also helps to remove traces of different oxides such as potassium oxide (K2O) from the use of fertilizers in rice cultivation [23]. On the other hand, washing with NaOH generates an increase in the adsorption capacity of rice husk, because it can partially degrade some components of the husk, exposing reactive functional groups, as OH, which could retain the contaminating molecules [24, 25]. Also, this washing removes surface impurities that can interfere with the adsorption [21].
According to the above, cleaned and sieved rice husk was soaked in 0.5 M HCl solution (1 : 20) at room temperature for 4 h in permanent agitation on a shaker to 200 RPM. Rice husk was then washed, filtered, and soaked in 0.5 M NaOH solution (1 : 20) at the same above-mentioned conditions. Finally, rice husk was repeatedly washed with distillated water and dried at 40°C for 48 h. This treated rice husk was designated as RHc (rice husk chemically treated).
In order to choose the adequate temperatures for the rice husk's thermal treatment, at this time a thermogravimetric analysis was carried out in oxygen flow, with temperature rise of 10°C per minute until 700°C, in a STA 7200 TGA analyzer. From thermogravimetric results, the working temperatures were chosen, coinciding with temperatures for which the greatest mass losses occur. Samples were then heated by increasing the temperature for 3 hours to the desired value and maintained at that value for 3 hours.
2.2. Samples Characterization
Specific surface area determination was conducted to assess the structural changes of the rice husk induced by chemical and thermal treatment. Specific surface area was measured according to the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, based on the nitrogen adsorption by sample surface. The assays were conducted at 77 K in a surface area analyzer (Autosorb-iQ 07165, Quantachrome Instrument).
The morphological characteristics and elemental analysis of rice husks were evaluated using a JEOL, 6490-LV scanning electron microscope equipped with an EDX (Inca Energy 250 EDS System LK-IE250, Oxford). The rice husk samples were covered with a thin layer of gold and an electron acceleration voltage of 20 kV was applied.
The functional groups on rice husks were characterized by a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (Thermo Nicolet NEXUS 670 FTIR). The spectral range was varied from 4000 to 400 cm−1.
2.3. Adsorption Experiments
Working solutions of Cd (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/L) were prepared by diluting the stock solution (1000 mg/L) in deionized water. Each adsorbent material (at a concentration of 3 g of sorbent/L of solution) was soaked in a Cd (II) solution. Solutions were under constant stirring at room temperature (22°C) for 5 days; pH was maintained at 6 during the whole process. Finally, the solutions were filtered and quantification of residual Cd (II) in solutions was carried out using atomic absorption spectrometry (Perkin Elmer 3110).
The adsorption of Cd (II) ions onto rice husk materials was calculated using the following equation:where is the amount of metal ions adsorbed onto rice husk (mg/g), and (mg/L) are the initial and equilibrium concentrations of metal ions, (L) is the volume of solution, and (g) is the adsorbent mass. Similarly, the percentage of adsorption for each adsorbent material was determined by the following equation:
2.4. pH and Kinetics of Adsorption Studies for the Best Sample
Once the material with the best adsorption capacity was found, the effect of pH on Cd (II) adsorption onto this material was evaluated. The best adsorbent material was soaked in different Cd solutions (20 mg/L) at pH 4, 5, and 6. It was under constant stirring at room temperature (22°C) for 6 days. From capacity adsorption results, the best working pH value was determined.
In order to evaluate the reaction time required in the adsorption process, the best adsorbent material, at the best pH value, was placed in contact with eleven independent Cd (II) solutions (100 mg/L). It was under constant stirring at room temperature (22°C). Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were applied to results of adsorption capacity in order to predict the nature of the kinetics.
All the experiments were performed in triplicate; ANOVA and Fisher's exact tests were employed for statistical analyses of data.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Sample Preparation
Table 1 shows the RHw composition determined by chemical analysis. These results are in the same range of previously reported values [26] and are significant since superficial OH groups present in compounds such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin could interact with the contaminants in the adsorption process [27]. In addition, chemical analysis shows that rice husk contains 19% ash, which, according to previous reports, is composed of 95% silica (SiO2), an important aspect for its use as adsorbent material [28].
Thermogravimetric analyses (Figure 1) showed that the overall mass loss of rice husk can be divided into steps related to loss of moisture, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. Thus, a mass loss of 7.72% at 100°C was confirmed due to the elimination of moisture retained in this material. Afterwards, a second step was obtained between 250 and 350°C, corresponding to the highest mass loss (51.29%). This step is related to hemicellulose and cellulose decomposition, as well as loss of the remaining adsorbed water [29]. Lignin decomposition occurs in the 360 to 520°C range. Finally, no significant mass loss was observed at higher temperatures indicating the presence of oxides.
From TGA results, the calcination temperatures for thermal treatment on rice husk were chosen: 300°C near to the maximum mass loss peak and 500°C after the loss of compounds that could influence the material adsorption capacity. Additionally, the 700°C value was selected, because no more mass losses are presented and only rice husk mineral residue remains. After this thermal treatment, calcined samples at 300, 500, and 700°C were obtained (namely, RHc300, RHc500, and RHc700, resp.).
In summary, after chemical and thermal treatments on rice husks, five materials were prepared and physiochemically characterized. Onto these materials, Cd (II) adsorption capacity was evaluated. Table 2 shows the five materials prepared for Cd (II) adsorption.
3.2. Samples Characterization
The specific surface area of rice husk samples was determined by nitrogen adsorption isotherm at 77 K using an Autosorb-iQ 07165, Quantachrome Instrument. Values of specific surface area of rice husk samples were calculated by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method and are consigned in the last column of Table 4. There, an important decrease in the specific surface area value of rice husk chemically treated (4 m2/g) in relation to the sample without treatment (13 m2/g) can be seen. This change can be attributed to the effects of NaOH on the material either by partial degradation of some components of the rice husk, generating merging of smaller pores (micropores) into large pores (mesopores) [30], or because of the fixing of NaOH on the surface of the material which may cause blockage in the pores.
With the thermal treatment, RHc300 sample showed the greatest specific surface area of all studied materials, 14 m2/g, probably due to changes in pore volume. However, the higher calcination temperature, the smaller specific surface area, as can be seen for samples RHc500 (7 m2/g) and RHc700 (6 m2/g). In this regard, Della et al. [31] reported that higher increases in rice husk calcining temperature cause an agglomeration effect, diminishing porosity. But also our own previous research results (without publishing) indicate that, in rice husk treated with NaOH and calcined at 700°C, silicon dioxides were organized into a crystalline structure known as cristobalite. Due to the fact that the rice husk specific surface area increases when silica in the ash is amorphous [31, 32], the presence of cristobalite could explain the decrease in specific surface area in RHc700 sample.
Figure 2 shows SEM microphotographs of RHw, RHc, and RHc300 samples. Image of RHw sample (Figure 2(a)) shows a section of the rice husk where well-defined and organized cavities are observed. Although in image of RHc sample (Figure 2(b)) the structure is preserved, some cracking of cavities can be observed. This cracking, which generates deformation of the pores and loss of regularity, could be explained by the intracellular breakdown that NaOH causes [33]. Furthermore, some agglomerations observed on the material may possibly be due to NaOH fixed on the surface.
RHc300 sample microphotograph (Figure 2(c)) shows that the collapse of rice husk structure continues not only by intracellular breakdown caused by NaOH but also by the combustion that generates degradation in the material structure and loss of part of carbon phase.
Figure 3 shows SEM microphotographs of RHc500 and RHc700 samples. Both samples show a surface with less roughness than RHc300 (Figure 2(c)) sample, but RHc700 (Figure 3(b)) has the cleanest surface with well-defined pores on it.
Figures 4 and 5 show the IR spectrum for thermally untreated and treated samples, respectively. In all spectra, above 1,200 cm−1 the organic part of rice husk can be distinguished, and below 1,200 cm−1 the presence of vibrations corresponding to different forms of silicon appears [34].
Figure 4 shows the IR spectrum for RHw and RHc samples. RHw sample spectrum (dashed line) has some highlighted bands, as the characteristic of hydroxyl groups (-OH) at 3,418 cm−1, the vibration of C-H at 2,918 cm−1, and the one at 1,650 cm−1 corresponding to C=C bond vibration. These bands, also reported by other authors [35, 36], correspond to the main organic compounds of the rice husk: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Also, a significant band at 1,100 cm−1, evidence of Si-O bonds present in cyclic siloxanes, is observed. The presence of cyclic siloxanes could be confirmed by peaks occurring between 470 and 800 cm−1. Additionally, the peaks at 1,101 and 3,418 cm−1, distinctive of -Si-O and -O-H, could be evidence of silanol groups [34, 36].
There are few differences in spectra shown in Figure 4; however, for RHc sample (solid line), widening of the band corresponding to the vibrations of the OH and a decrease in the intensity of the band associated with cyclic siloxanes at 1,100 cm−1 can be seen. These changes are only due to the chemical treatment.
On the other hand, there are significant differences between thermally treated and untreated rice husks. Figure 5 shows the spectrum of all thermally treated samples, RHc300, RHc500, and RHc700.
It can be seen that as the heat treatment temperature increases, the characteristic bands of main rice husk organic compounds are decreasing. On the contrary, the band corresponding to the -Si-O vibration (1,100 cm−1) is gaining intensity, probably due to the formation of silica-rich ashes.
The C/O and C/Si relationships for each sample were obtained by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis and are contained in Table 3. According to the results, the RHw material has the highest C/O ratio, because the rice husk is composed mostly of carbonaceous rings of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. The C/O relationship for chemically treated husk rice (RHc) is lower than that in the raw material (RHw); this agrees with IR results that showed an increase in OH groups for RHc sample. Besides, the C/Si ratio for the RHc material increases relative to the one for raw material (see Table 3), indicating a decrease in silicon (as reported in the IR analysis). The Si decrease may be due to effect of NaOH washing on the material, since it has been reported that NaOH is capable of reacting with the silicon present in the husk forming sodium silicates, which are soluble and could be removed with water washes carried out after chemical treatment of the husk [25, 37].
Table 3 also shows that for heat treated materials a progressive decrease in C/O and C/Si ratios is observed. This is due to the combustion process that generates progressive loss in carbon phase, while the silicon remains constant (relative to the RHc sample).
3.3. Adsorption Experiments
Experimental data of Cd (II) adsorption on all studied materials were fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms models. According to the parameters obtained in the setting of these models, the RHw and RHc materials adapt to Freundlich isotherm model, while the remaining materials, RHc300, RHc500, and RHc700, fit to Langmuir isotherm model.
Results of Cd (II) adsorption analysis for all samples are shown in Table 4. Although the major factors influencing adsorption are the textural characteristics of adsorbents, the results obtained and given in Table 4 do not show a direct relationship between the adsorption capacity and specific surface area of the samples. This could indicate that adsorbate-adsorbent interaction occurs mainly thanks to the active sites and functional groups present in each material. These results agree with previously reported studies [38, 39].
From data in Table 4, it can be seen that adsorption capacity for RHc sample was increased by more than 2 times the value of RHw sample. This indicates that chemical treatment with NaOH effectively generates changes in the original structure of rice husk, probably causing surface groups that act as active sites and promote the affinity between Cd (II) and the sample. In this regard, it has been reported that modification of lignocellulosic residues by NaOH treatment produces changes in the fibers structure of biomass, which improve its accessibility properties, in addition to possibly adding active groups on the surface of material or leaving exposed surface groups because degradation caused on structure [24].
The RHc300 sample showed the highest Cd (II) adsorption capacity. This is probably due to chemical characteristics: its structure still has a carbon-oxygen phase from the organic composition of raw rice husk; it has phase silicon groups such as SiOH available on the surface, resulting from the thermal treatment; and it possibly has active OH- groups incorporated by treating with NaOH. The presence of all these active groups on the surface of CAq300 favors interaction between sample and Cd (II), generating greater efficiency in this material compared to others [40–43].
The similarities in the physicochemical characteristics of RHc500 and RHc700 samples could explain the coincidence in their Cd (II) adsorption capacities.
Finally, from adsorption analysis, RHc300 was determined as the best sample in adsorbing Cd (II); therefore this material was selected to determine the effect of pH and kinetics of equilibrium on Cd (II) adsorption.
3.4. pH and Kinetics of Adsorption Studies for RHc300 Sample
The effect of solution pH on Cd (II) adsorption for RHc300 sample (selected as the best adsorbent) was studied. The results showed that at pH 5 and 6 the adsorption percentages are similar (98.83 and 98.89%, resp.), whereas the adsorption at pH 4 was smaller, 98.36%. Statistically, it was determined that the means of adsorption are different.
Figure 6 shows the Cd (II) adsorption capacity () on RHc300 sample as a function of time. From the graph, it was determined that equilibrium time for adsorption is 72 hours. After this time, changes in the adsorption capacity are less than 1 mg/g.
From experimental data of equilibrium time for Cd (II) adsorption onto RHc300 sample, the highest correlation coefficient ( = 0.999) was obtained for the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. This implies that chemisorption is the rate-limiting step in the adsorption process [44]. As chemisorption is characterized by formation of monolayer, this result is consistent with our assumption of Langmuir isotherm model, which states that the monolayer adsorption occurs on specific sites of the homogeneous surface. Additionally, these results are also consistent with those obtained by Kumar et al. [45] who found that adsorption of Cd (II) on rice husk ash fits the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
4. Conclusions
The chemical (HCl and NaOH) and thermal treatments (300°C for 3 h) on rice husk increase its Cd (II) removal efficiency almost four times. Although chemical and thermal treatments produced changes in the specific surface area of studied samples, the adsorption capacity of samples shows no direct relationship with their specific surface area. Thus, it could be considered that, in this system, the binding adsorbate-adsorbent is mainly due to the presence of active groups on the surface of adsorbent materials.
The maximum Cd (II) adsorption capacity was 28.27 mg/g at an optimum pH 6.0 for RHc300 sample. On the other hand, the kinetic studies revealed that adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. This implies that chemisorption is the rate-limiting step in the adsorption process.
Although other adsorbents have shown the same or even greater adsorption efficiencies, as Duolite GT-73 [46], rice husk has high availability and low cost. This indicates that the RHc300 material, which requires less energy investment than rice husk ash, could be an excellent alternative for removing Cd (II) from aqueous media for pH values ranging from 4 to 6.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
The authors acknowledge University of Tolima for the financial support (Project code 860113). The authors also thank Group on Porous Solids and Calorimetry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of the Andes, for experimental support.
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The Future Of Digital Currencies
December 6, 2017
Bitcoin continues to surge along with the rest of the digital currency asset class. In my latest work for Seeking Alpha, I explain why I believe this disruptive technology is a revolution and why banks object because of vested interest and how governments better get onboard and issue digital currencies before the train leaves the station and passes them by.
Article: The Future Of Digital Currencies
Nothing on this site should ever be considered to be advice, research or an invitation to buy or sell any securities


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The Capital Complex : Beijing's New Creative Clusters
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This essay begins with a brief discussion of how the idea of creative industries has provided the impetus for a new phase of cultural infrastructure construction in Beijing. I then contextualise these developments with an abridged history of the city from the time it became the imperial capital in 1420. A walled city of four separate enclosures during Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, by the 1950s Beijing had transformed into a sprawling city of industrial districts. The economic reform period which began in 1979 saw a transition from Maoist revolutionary class struggle to a pragmatic model of economic reconstruction and modernisation under Deng Xiaoping. An ensuing boom in development led to a surge in urban migration, putting further pressure on infrastructure. During the mid-1980s several of China's large cities, notably Shanghai, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Tianjin and Beijing began to compete with each other, attempting to lure international investment. Beijing assumed a capital complex; not only was it the centre of political power, it saw itself as the cultural centre of the new China.
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|Children's Worship Notes
|Written by Kris Brewer
|Saturday, 04 August 2012 20:32
I have been trying to develop a page to help younger children take notes during the worship assemblies, especially during the sermons. This is what I have come up with, but it may be something that changes/evolves over time. I am sure that I will update it as my own children get older, and need something more in depth. I hope it is something that can be of use to you as well!
This is designed to print front and back on a single letter size sheet of paper, then fold.
|Last Updated on Saturday, 04 August 2012 20:41
Are you looking for the church of Christ in Huntington? You can visit that website by clicking here.
Looking for the Gallatin Valley church of Christ? You can visit that website by clicking here.
This is the personal page of Kris Brewer, who currently works with the Gallatin Valley church of Christ in Bozeman, Montana.


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Vanderbilt Recruitment
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Vanderbilt recruitment
The Fall open houses are for the MEN's Fraternities - if you want to join one at Vandy, then you NEED to be going to EVERY event scheduled.
Men's recruitment is VERY different than the women's - - I'll leave that to one of the men on this forum to explain.
If you asked about this for Women's Fraternity - - the recruitment schedule for women begins in JANUARY.
Until then - - GET YOUR RECs IN!!!
And "Keep it Classy!" as the upperclasswomen are watching. First term grades are used to determine who is eligible for membership, so STUDY, STUDY, STUDY.
While Vandy is not a typical SEC school, their rush can be just as brutal. Since this "highly competitive" school eliminates many grade risks, and most everyone there has accomplishments up to their armpits, it really is "who knows you" that keeps you on top of the return lists.
Any PNM at Vandy should be grateful for ANY bids, all of the chapters there are stellar.
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How to Get Personalized Fitness Training
Health is the most precious type of wealth. When a person is sick and wants to do a lot of things one is not able to because of being sick. Possessing a strong and healthy body doesn't mean a man or woman is healthy. One ought to meet the physical needs. These are the psychological, emotional and social needs of a person. The needs are related to each other and they make a person truly healthy.
Physical needs are some needs that make a person healthy. Food supplies are among them which provide the body with fats, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals which are necessary for development and growth. Water is another physical need that helps the body process food into soluble substances that are useful, help in the circulation of blood and maintaining internal balance. Air is a physical need that gives life through respiration. In keeping the cells alive inhaling oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide helps. Clothes are physical needs that protect a person from external factors like heat and wind which may cause illness. Exercise is a need that keeps the body fit and strong for the tasks to be carried out from day to day. This enables a body to withstand daily stresses. In keeping the body clean and free from diseases which may cause germs, hygiene will help. The body needs to rest in order to restore the energy that was lost. Shelter provides a location for one to rest and offers protection from weather conditions that are extreme.
Satisfaction of the mental needs keeps an individual healthy. Learning is one of them that make the mind understand and store information that is used in our everyday living. A person can do a mental exercise like drawing, answering puzzles and intelligent reading. This will aid in working and keeping the mind alert. Thinking critically helps a person see the pros and cons of a situation. This offers a deeper understanding of the affairs of life. This leads a person to make wise decisions. The setting of priorities helps a person in thinking through many concerns. Mental rest and recreation give the mind relaxation. Through relaxing a person have thoughts that are inspiring and pleasing. This will make the mind to not be overloaded and be stressed. One can relax by taking a nap or playing with your favorite sport.
Emotional needs are the ones that are able to handle emotions well by giving the best attitudes. Security makes a person feel safe to grow and develop. This is fulfilled through love, acceptance and attention. The feeling of independence makes someone feel encouraged and trusted. This will bring a sense of achievement will help in developing confidence, aspiration and determination to do things. Emotional connections makes a person feel that communication can be held freely to another person.