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Are Sport Psychologists Really Psychologists?
- Brent Holt
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1 JOURNAL OFSPORT PSYCHOLOGY, 1982,4,13-18 Are Sport Psychologists Really Psychologists? J. Marshall Brown Lafayette College Of course sport psychologists are psychologists. Or are they? At times, professionals working in sport psychology seem to be functioning as psychologists. At other times, they apparently function as teachers, coaches, or researchers. And it makes a great deal of difference what these professionals do or what they call themselves, because psychologists now have legal credentials in all 50 states of the United States and most of the provinces of Canada. If they are offering services as psychologists for remuneration, then they should have legal credentials as psychologists. If not, then they do not need to be legally licensed or certified. Several recent articles (Botterill, 1980; Danish & Hale, 1981; Harrison & Feltz, 1979) have considered the problems of limiting the field of sport psychology and have pointed to some of the problems in providing sport psychologists with legal credentials. This paper reacts to some of the comments by Danish and Hale (1981) and suggests a possible direction for the development of the field of sport psychology. At this time, many of the laws providing legal credentials specify the functions a psychologist may perform as well as certify the use of the title. It appears that some of the functions provided by sport psychologists are well within the realm of psychology as described by most laws. Therefore, some present practitioners of sport psychology must have legal credentials as psychologists or face possible prosecution for illegal practice. Danish and Hale (1981) indicate some of the problems of defining the practice of sport psychology. They state that there are two distinct groups working in sport psychology: individuals whose major focus is to identify neuropsychological, biophysical, psychosocial, and intrapersonal factors which affect athletic performance (primarily applied researchers), and individuals who intervene clinically with athletes to assist these athletes to better their performance (primarily clinical practitioners). (p.91) Danish and Hale suggest that these two groups are not interacting well with each other or with coaches, trainers, and teachers. Those sport psychologists serving primarily as clinical practitioners, as described by Danish and Hale, should have legal credentials as psychologists or be prosecuted for illegal practice. Those people working in the field as applied researchers do not need licenses or certification. Requests for reprints should be sent to J. Marshall Brown, Department of Psychology, Lafayette College, Easton, PA
2 14 BROWN Different writers use terminology in their own distinct manner and there is lack of agreement as to the definition of licensure and certification. For the purpose of this paper legal credentials will be classified into two types: (a) certification indicates that people have been certified by a legally constituted board as competent to provide certain services if they use a certain title such as psychologist; (b) licensing describes the scope of services which may be performed for remuneration only by legally licensed persons and certifies that such licensed persons are competent to provide such services. A certification law may make it illegal for people to use any title or description of services incorporating the words psychological, psychologist, or psychology, such as sport psychologist, unless they have first obtained legal certification. A licensing law may make it illegal for unlicensed persons to provide services such as the assessment, diagnosis, prevention, treatment, or amelioration of psychological problems or emotional, mental, or nervous disorders or dysfunctions of individuals, families, or groups. It may prevent the determination of mental or emotional disabilities or the assessment or improvement of psychological adjustment or functioning of individuals, families, or groups whether or not there is a diagnosable pre-existing psychological problem by individuals without a legal license. It may prevent such individuals from diagnosing or treating behavior patterns or emotional or psychological problems that may have a direct or indirect causative relationship to either actual or potential physical illness; from diagnosing, treating, or ameliorating the psychological aspects of injury, dismemberment, disease, illness, or dying; or from using psychological procedures such as the principles pertaining to learning, conditioning, perception, motivation, thinking, emotions, mind-body relationships, interpersonal relationships, or intergroup relationships. Unlicensed individuals may not be able to use the methods or procedures of verbal interaction, interviewing, consulting, counseling or the subspecialties of counseling that include but are not limited to sexual or marriage and family or alcohol or drug abuse counseling, behavior modification, environmental manipulation, relaxation training, assertiveness training, consciousness raising, role playing, group process, psychotherapy, hypnosis, behavior therapy, biofeedback training or therapy, personnel selection or counseling or management, organizational development, vocational rehabilitation, or group dynamics. Finally, unlicensed individuals may be prevented from using the methods or procedures of constructing, administering, or interpreting tests of mental abilities, aptitudes, interests, opinions, attitudes, personality characteristics, emotions, motivation, or psychophysiologic characteristics. Of course, it is also possible to interpret the scope of service statement in licensing laws as an enumeration of the practices that licensed people have a right to provide while not implying that others not licensed for that profession may not also practice these activities. In brief, certification conveys the right to use a title while licensure conveys the right to use the title, defines the scope of practice, and prohibits all nonlicensed persons from the scope of practice. This interpretation is often followed by boards that provide legal credentials for psychology when they assure the consuming public that a certified or licensed person has a minimum educational and experiential background as well as competence as measured by tests, interviews, and so on. Thus, it is illegal for individuals to practice any of those functions described in a licensing law without a proper license, regardless of the title they use, unless they are specifically exempted by the law. Most state psychology licensing laws provide exemptions that allow members of the following groups to practice psychology without
3 ARE SPORT PSYCHOLOGISTS REALLY PSYCHOLOGISTS? 15 a license: persons licensed to practice any of the healing arts; persons construed to be qualified members of other professions where their training and code of ethics provide for services of a psychological nature; persons employed as faculty or staff of duly accredited universities, colleges, hospitals, or schools who perform their services as part of their normal function; and persons engaged in scientific research of a psychological nature. There are also specific exceptions in some states for special groups such as social psychologists. All of the laws covering the provision of legal credentials for psychologists in the United States provide for generic credentials. For example, the title psychologist may be used by anyone doing industrial/organizational psychology, clinical psychology, counseling psychology, or other psychology when this person has legal credentials. Generic credentials are the keystone to professional licensure or certification. The large body of knowledge which provides the backbone for a profession is broad, complex, and theoretical-not narrow or specific as might be expected for an occupational group or a specialty within a profession. Psychology is a profession because there is a body of knowledge developed, controlled, expanded, and transmitted to new persons by psychologists. Part of this body of knowledge may be used by many other professionals or occupational groups, but only psychologists have this information in its entirety. The purpose of providing legal credentials is to protect the consuming public. There are many difficulties in providing all legal credentials, and defining the exact functions that a licensed or certified person is to perform is probably the most formidable. Providing psychologists with legal credentials is a particularly arduous activity because the activities of psychologists are so diverse and some of the activities are often done by members of other professions. Uniformity of legal credentials in psychology has not been achieved in the United States and Canada. There is a high public acceptance of legal credentials, however, and strong efforts are underway toward creating uniform standards for providing credentials. Within the past 2 years, over 12 state boards providing credentials have been reviewed under "sunset" legislation and have been "passed" or new legislation for credentials in psychology has been enacted. Currently seven states-alabama, Alaska, Maryland, Nebraska, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Vermont-are preparing for review in Two other states, Nevada and Wyoming, have sunset legislation with no specific review date listed, and recently legislation has been passed in Pennsylvania calling for sunset review by January 1, Current indications are that all states scheduled for sunset review will pass the review or will enact new licensing or certification laws. The indications are clear that licensing and certification for psychologists will continue in all 50 states. Standardized methods for providing legal credentials to psychologists are evolving throughout the United States and Canada. Most legal boards have taken the position that they are to provide credentials only to psychologists and therefore take great care not to give them to persons without this training. Uniform standards for training a psychologist have been established by the American Association of State Psychology Boards (AASPB, Note 1) and have been adopted by the majority of state boards. The AASPB guidelines are: 1. Programs that are accredited by the American Psychological Association are recognized as meeting the definition of a professional psychology program. The criteria for accreditation serve as a model for professional psychology training. 2. Training in professional psychology is doctoral training offered in a regionally
4 16 BROWN accredited institution or higher education. 3. The program, wherever it may be administratively housed, must be clearly identified and labeled as a psychology program. Such a program must specify in pertinent institutional catalogues and brochures its intent to educate and train professional psychologists. 4. The psychology program must stand as a recognizable, coherent, organizational entity within the institution. 5. There must be a clear authority and primary responsibility for the core and specialty areas whether or not the program cuts across administrative lines. 6. The program must be an organized sequence of study planned by those responsible for the training program to provide an integrated educational experience appropriate to the professional practice of psychology. 7. There must be an identifiable psychology faculty and a psychologist responsible for the program. 8. The program must have an identifiable body of students who have matriculated in that program for a degree. Because the quality of any educational program is partially dependent on the quality of students, careful attention must be given that students meet appropriate standards of educational preparation and ability for admission. 9. The program must include practicum, internship, field, or laboratory training appropriate to the practice of psychology. 10. The curriculum shall encompass a minimum of 3 academic years of full-time graduate study. The doctoral program shall involve at least one continuous academic year of full-time residency at the university at which the degree is granted. In addition to instruction in scientific and professional ethics and standards, history and systems, research design and methodology, statistics and psychometrics, the core program shall require each student to demonstrate competence in each of the following substantive content areas. This typically will be met by including a minimum of 6 or more graduate semester hours (9 or more graduate quarter hours) in each of these four substantive content areas: a. Biological Bases of Behavior: e.g., physiological psychology, comparative psychology, neuropsychology, sensation and perception, and psychopharmacology. b. Cognitive-affective Bases of Behavior: e.g,, learning, thinking, motivation, and emotion. c. Social Bases of Behavior: e.g., social psychology, group processes, as well as organizational and systems theory. d. Individual Differences: e.g., personality theory, human development, and abnormal psychology. These AASPB guidelines are approximately the same as the standards used by the American Psychological Association when evaluating graduate programs in psychology. Movement is also underway toward a national accrediting system which would probably set standards somewhat like these. These standards describe the education necessary for a person who is to be thought of as a psychologist. Because boards providing legal credentials are licensing or certifying only psychologists, it is reasonable that anybody obtaining credentials should have completed training as a psychologist. Some people currently in the field of sport psychology do not meet the minimum educational requirements to obtain legal credentials as psychologists. Any persons
5 ARE SPORT PSYCHOLOGISTS REALLY PSYCHOLOGISTS? 17 not specifically exempted by law or rules should stop practicing as psychologists. If these individuals continue to practice illegally, they should expect to be prosecuted. Other sport psychologists may meet the educational and experiential requirements, but do not wish to obtain legal credentials. These persons, if not specifically exempted by law or rules, should stop practicing as psychologists. The protection of the public is the primary concern of boards providing legal credentials. They must enforce licensing and certification laws which may stop the practice of some people currently working as sport psychologists. On the other hand, many professionals working in sports, such as coaches and trainers, routinely provide some of the services also provided by legally licensed professionals such as physicians and psychologists. It is generally accepted that such services may be provided by coaches, trainers, teachers, or others as long as they do not claim to be medical doctors or psychologists while so doing, and that they do not provide any of the specific services that medical doctors or psychologists are exclusively allowed to provide. Obviously, there are great difficulties in describing the exact functions that psychologists might legally be allowed to perform versus those performed by persons not licensed as psychologists, but there are similar difficulties in describing the functions of physicians. If individuals are going to work as sport psychologists, they should be legally trained and must obtain credentials as psychologists. If they are not going to provide services as psychologists, then some other term must be used in describing their profession. Sport researcher, sport scientist, trainer, coach, or teacher are terms that might be used by individuals applying some psychology, but not providing intervention techniques as psychologists. The practice of sport psychology as described in the human development framework by Danish and Hale (1981) seems to involve a teaching function rather than those functions described in most psychology licensing laws. Therefore, if trainers, educators, coaches, or sport scientists provide the services described by Danish and Hale without using the title psychologist, they could do so without a legal license or certificate. This seems to be a viable direction for the field of sport psychology. Persons interested in the individual, clinical service delivery model should be trained as psychologists, and should obtain legal credentials as psychologists. Persons interested in research, teaching, or applying the human development framework that emphasizes continuous growth and change without special attention to pathological problems would not need to be trained or to obtain credentials as psychologists. Reference Note 1. American Association of State Psychology Boards. National education standards for licensure as apsychologisf. Minutes of the August 1977 Annual Meeting. References Botterill, C. Psychology of coaching. In R.M. Suinn, Psychology in sports: Methods and applications. Minneapolis: Burgess, 1980.
6 18 BROWN Danish, S.J., & Hale, B.D. Toward an understanding of the practice of sport psychology. Journal of Sport Psychology, 1981, 3, Harrison, R.P., & Feltz, D.L. The professionalization of sport psychology: Legal considerations. Journal of Sport Psychology, 1979, 1, Manuscript submitted: December 7, 1981 Revision received: January 10, 1982
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Watch I Feel Pretty (2018) : Full Movie Online Free A head injury causes a woman to develop an extraordinary amount of confidence and believe she's drop dead gorgeous.
|Release Date
|Apr 19, 2018
|Production Company
|Wonderland Sound and Vision, Huayi Brothers Pictures, Voltage Pictures, Universal Pictures, STX Entertainment
|Production Countries
|China, United States of America
|Amy Schumer, Rory Scovel, Michelle Williams, Emily Ratajkowski, Busy Philipps, Aidy Bryant, Tom Hopper, Adrian Martinez, Lauren Hutton, Naomi Campbell, Sasheer Zamata
|Plot Keywords
|confidence, delusion, head injury, cosmetics
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subset: commoncrawl


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Getting Support from Social Services
If you need extra support to live at home, you may be able to get support from Richmond Social Services. Social care is means tested so not everyone will get financial support from social services, but everyone can get advice and information.
Step 1
Contact Richmond Direct on 020 8891 7971. They will ask you a series of questions about the support that you need. They can give you information and advice about accessing social care.
Step 2
Once they have all the information that they need they will refer your case to a local team who will get in contact with you to arrange a face to face assessment.
A social worker will come to your home and will complete an assisted self assessment Questionnaire with you. They will ask you questions about the difficulties you are living with and the impact your disability or impairment is having on your life. It is a good idea to have a close friend or relative there when the assessment is being completed because they may have observed the difficulties that you are experiencing.
Step 3
The social worker will then go away and will calculate, based on your answers to the assessment questions how much money you will be offered to fund your support needs. This is a suggested amount and is called your Personal Budget.
Step 4
You will then need to write a plan to show how you are going to get your needs met. You can write this plan yourself, the council can help you with this. The plan explains: how you will spend your money in a way that makes sense to you, how it helps you to overcome the difficulties you face and also helps you to achieve your goals in the way that you want. Once your plan is complete it need to be submitted to Social Services to be agreed.
Step 5
Once the plan is agreed then you can start to get the support that you need. If you have chosen to take control of your support and are receiving a Direct Payment, you will need to set up a separate bank account into which the payments will be made. As soon as this is set up (which sometimes takes a little while) you can start to purchase the services that you require, engage with an agency of your choice or recruit your own staff.
Step 6
Put plan into action - Live your life!
You will need to tell the council about how you have met your needs and Outcomes. They will meet with you to discuss what has worked and what has not worked and what you are planning to do next. This meeting usually takes place once per year but if your circumstances change you can request a review at any time.
If you have not had an annual review you should contact Social Services via the Access Team on 020 8891 7971.


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Press release
Regulator closes investigation into finances at Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust
Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust is no longer under investigation by Monitor
Monitor has closed its investigation at Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust as the organisation is making steady progress on improving its financial sustainability.
The health regulator launched its investigation in March 2015 to understand why the trust's finances had deteriorated and what needed to be done to fix them.
As a result of the investigation, the trust has taken prompt action to address the financial situation and developed a recovery plan to ensure that it remains financially sustainable and can continue to deliver quality care for patients.
The positive steps taken by the trust include the appointment of a new Finance Director and Turnaround Advisor.
After reviewing the evidence, Monitor has decided that no further formal regulatory action is needed at this time. The trust will now be required to deliver its improved financial plans and to follow other financial guidelines, such as those reducing spending on agency staff and management consultants.
Paul Chandler, Regional Director at Monitor, said:
It's good news for patients in Tyne and Wear that Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust has made significant improvements without the need for formal regulatory action by Monitor. The trust has taken positive steps towards ensuring long-term financial sustainability.
We welcome the prompt action it has taken to improve its financial management and the progress that has been made to reduce its deficit.
The regulator will continue to monitor the trust's performance to ensure that it continues to improve its long-term financial sustainability.


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Why More Women Get Arthritis
There are over a hundred different kinds of arthritis.
Some kinds affect men more often, but by far, more women are burdened with one form of arthritis or another (about 25% of females compared to about 20% of males). The most common form -- osteoarthritis -- hits the genders about equally.
But the types that afflict more women hit them at much higher rates than men. Rheumatoid arthritis affects 3 times as many women as men and lupus, an autoimmune condition that affects many organs, including the joints, affects 9 times as many women.
One explanation: Both rheumatoid arthritis and lupus are autoimmune disorders, which result when the immune system attacks the body's own healthy cells. Autoimmune diseases are more common among women.
And that's one of the human body's strange quirks.
In general, women have more robust immune systems than men. Women tend to fight infections better and their immune system kicks into gear faster. And that could be the trouble where some types of arthritis come in. If you're more resistant to infections, you're also more at risk for having the immune system become over-aggressive and attack unintended targets.
So it seems that in nature, every strength comes with an accompanying weakness.
Sourced from: The New York Times, Ask Well: Why Is Arthritis More Common in Women Than Men?


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How to see if your computer is infected via scans
Part one of this series mentioned some tell-tale signs that could signify that your computer is infected with malware. Whether it be pop-ups, fake antivirus, unusually slow performance, or other factors, these discussed symptoms were ones noticeable to the naked eye. If you do not notice any of these symptoms, however, you are still not in the clear. Since many hackers are creating malware that successfully hides itself, you will have to dig deeper. For this, you will need to run a scan.
You may be thinking that in order to run a scan on your computer for malware, you will have to pay out of pocket. Luckily, there are plenty of antivirus scanners online that are free. Also, if you want some added peace of mind, vendors of antivirus software also have scanners included with their programs.
Getting back to the scanners you can download without breaking the bank, some popular ones include Malwarebytes, Spybot Search & Destroy, Ad-Aware, Avast Free Antivirus, and HouseCall from Trend Micro. If you are a Mac user, check out ClamXav.
Obviously, each of the listed programs have their own advantages, and some users will prefer one over the other. By that same token, the programs also vary in terms of their technology. For this reason, it is a good idea to download more than one program to get the best protection and detection possible. If you run a scan with one program and no malware is detected, go ahead and run a scan with a different program to see if you get the same results. The possibility exists that one program may detect malware that the other didn't. Just as with going to the doctor, in the case of malware detection, it's best to get a second opinion.
While it is best to run multiple scans, when it comes to running antivirus software on a regular basis for consistent protection, stick with just one program. If you have more than one antivirus program running at the same time on an ongoing basis, your computer's performance will likely become lethargic.
Removing infections
After you run your system scans, you may be given the bad news that your computer is infected. Many scanners already come with removal tools that will rid your computer of the malware, but there are other options as well. If you want an automated removal solution, you can try Microsoft's Malicious Software Removal Tool. Microsoft updates this tool on a monthly basis to check your computer for new malware.
If you want a more hands-on approach via help from others, Microsoft has a Consumer Security Support site with agents ready to help you. You will need to run a malware scan first, which is free, before receiving personalized help. You can also contact the your antivirus software company for help, if available. For help from other users online, you can check out various help forums where you can list the details of your problems, and forum members can walk you through steps to disinfect your computer. An example of such a site is the Bleeping Computer forum.
Should you lack the patience or tech savvy to run through the problems, even with help, you can contact a service that will do the work for you. Some services will provide support over the phone, in-house, or at their location. This solution is likely to be costly, however.
Keep it here for the third and final part of this series, which will detail more ways to remove malware from your computer and provide tips on how to prevent infections in the future.
More Web Hosting Security ArticlesMore By wubayou


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Corporate Profile
Our focus is the U.S. life insurance market where we provide risk capital and related services including M&A and In Force acquisitions, middle market products, and longevity solutions.
Wilton Re also partners with companies to implement new business strategies for middle market sales, with an emphasis on worksite, senior market, and simplified term products. Our fully customized solutions include private labeling with supporting delivery and administrative systems.
Wilton Re helps clients
- Accelerate their growth strategies
- Achieve expense and operational efficiencies
- Enhance capital management
- Balance their risk profile
Wilton Re operates through three business segments.
In Force Solutions
Wilton Re is an industry leader for M&A services and In Force Solutions. Wilton Re's In Force Solutions provide clients with proven methods for achieving operational and expense efficiencies and enhanced capital management. We offer a combination of risk transfer and comprehensive administration services for the complete exit of a particular portfolio or business or to support the continuing operations.
New Business Solutions
Our New Business Solutions provide comprehensive services for new issues of life insurance products with a particular specialty with simplified issue products offered to the growing middle market. We offer a range of turn-key private labeling services from product development to delivery systems and administration. Our private labeling services enable companies to bring products to market quickly and in a cost efficient manner.
Primary Insurance
Our Primary Insurance business focuses on providing simple life insurance products to the middle market offered through the voluntary worksite market, as well as through call centers and traditional agent channels.
About Us
→ Corporate Profile
→ Values
→ Financial Highlights
→ Expertise
→ Governance & Risk Management
→ Executive Team
→ Board of Directors
Financial Highlights
(as of December 31, 2016)
"A+" rated by A.M. Best
"A+" rated by Fitch
For More Information
(Downloadable PDF File)


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Monday, July 29, 2013
Square Cards
Square cards are my passion right now... because I am having so much fun creating little boxes to put them in!
These gorgeous little notecards measure just under 4" square. They are made with the Cricut, which is my new toy. I'm working on a project with this theme for my next workshop on August 16th. If you're not yet registered, express your interest SOON!
The cardstock is Stampin Up - Gumball Green, Melon Mambo and Not Quite Navy, and the DSP is called Sunshine and Sprinkles, which is just delightful.
Posted by
Jo Armstrong
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On average, American seniors will spend $9,000 or more on much needed dental work before the end of their life. Unfortunately, many seniors live on a fixed income with little extra to cover the astronomical costs of dental crowns, implants, and dentures.
To make matters worse, according to a 2014 study by Bankrate, over a third of all working adults fail to anything for their retirement. And only 2% of retirees have dental insurance. This means America's aging population is faced with two choices – delay getting the dental care they need (which could jeopardize their health) or go into serious debt to cover their dental expenses. Neither of these are viable options.
Luckily, Beyond Borders Dental, a Santa Fe based dental tourism company has come up with the solution. With their innovative dental tourism program, they save seniors up to 80% on their dental care by going to Mexico.
What's more, Beyond Borders Dental coordinates the dental care and shuttles them from Santa Fe or Albuquerque to their dental clinic in Palomas and back. This makes getting the dental care seniors need both easy and cost effective.
With dental crowns costing as little as $230, root canals $240, and full dentures $690, it's obvious why Beyond Borders Dental is a fantastic option for seniors looking for quality alternative to the rising cost of dental care as they age. Check out the full release here.


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For the last 5 days I was at a Jewish overnight camp for band camp. Why we go there I honestly have no idea, but it's fairly cheap and nine hours of rehearsal time gets ridiculous amounts done when you have nothing better to do in your free time than practice and hang around bandos.
On the ~3 hour ride home, I watched Food, Inc. It's pretty much a documentary about the meat industry. Somewhat comparable to The Jungle by Sinclair. It's some farmers and movie makers speaking out against what they do for a living and how major companies control meat, and all of the allegedly bad things that happen to said meat. I found it definently worth watching, but I had a lot of trouble eating anything for lunch, knowing full well what I was eating.
When I say it's worth watching, only do so if you really want to know. If you don't and you prefer to not know (I was this way for a while), that's perfectly fine. Most people would probably prefer not to know.


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When you hear the words anti-poaching unit, what's the first thing that comes into your mind? Poachers... Guns... Snares... War... Rhino Horn... Ivory? The Black Mambas is much more than just an anti-poaching unit. Whilst our main objective is the security of the reserve and the protection of wildlife, we also strive to create a strong bond and educate the communities that live on the boundaries of Balule and the Greater Kruger Park to the benefits of saving their natural heritage. It is our belief that the 'war' on poaching will not be won with guns and bullets, but through social upliftment and the education of local communities surrounding the reserves.
Social Upliftment
Transfrontier Africa acts in its capacity as a host agent on behalf of the Extended Public Works Program that aims to address unemployment and assist with skills development in South Africa. SANParks administers and accommodates the salaries of all our rangers through this program. All Black Mamba recruits are from local, previously disadvantaged communities and go through a rigorous 6 week training programme prior to deployment with an existing unit to further their training through work experience.
The Bushbabies Environmental Education Awareness Program
The Lesser bushbaby (Galago moholi) symbolises and defines the external environmental education awareness program, where learners are regarded as babies learning about the bush or environment. The Bushbabies Program is interlinked into the curriculum of local schools which should build on the children's interests and should explore the subject matter in a multi-disciplinary manner; therefore we should enhance a child's skills and build on their present ideas about conservation through a program that provides for a multitude of opportunities for the child's growth and development. The objectives of this program are to bring knowledge to life, raise awareness of their surrounding environment, give a better understanding of conservation, lead to sustainable use of resources and install environmental problem-solving skills and ultimately installing an ethical ethos in our future generations.
Rhino Conservation
Transfrontier Africa in conjunction with Balule Nature Reserve, has an active rhino research program which is designed to investigate the effectiveness of the "Rhino range expansion program" and all other aspects of rhino management and protection based on scientific investigation. Transfrontier Africa's responsibilities have extended to cover the entire 50'000 hectares of Balule and includes the daily monitoring of the rhino to design a real-time locality map of rhinos in the hot-spots and high-risk areas in order to aid in deploying the anti-poaching units effectively. The location of rhinos is deduced from the rhino's movements which the Black Mambas monitor daily through the use of VHF & GPS transmitters. All of this information is captured then collaborated on GIS and mapped for immediate dispersal to management and anti-poaching units prior to shift changes. This ensures that all anti-poaching units are deployed in the correct areas to protect the rhino.
Best Conservation Practitioner of the Year – Rhino Conservation Awards 2015
Champion of the Earth Award – United Nations Environment Programme
For outstanding courage in fighting the illegal wildlife trade at community level
The Champions of the Earth award is the United Nations highest environmental honour recognizing visionary people and organisations all over the world that exemplify leadership and advocate action on sustainable development, climate change and a life of dignity for all.
The Black Mamba Anti-Poaching Unit, a South African and majority-women ranger group, has been announced as one of the winners of the United Nation's top environmental accolade, the Champions of the Earth award.
"Since 2014 Rocking for Rhinos has donated a total of R104,309.00 toward the Black Mamba APU.
We would like to say a big thank you for your support so far over the past two years and we look forward to a long term relationship working together and continued support."
Craig Spencer- Founder
082 7874 366


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Photo Meet-Up
The Photo Meet-Up—a "meet-and-greet" event hosted by Artifact Uprising, bringing together a wide-range of everyday creatives—focusing on a series of lessons within the photography medium. The meet-up took place in three cities, San Francisco, New York and Chicago; each city with its own lesson and host of the event.
Creative Direction: Laura Schmalsteig
Studio Photography: Scott Snyder


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give a miss call on
+91 9501105715
please call on
B.Sc in Baking & Pastry Arts Management program from Chitkara University offers a wide range of opportunities for individuals who wish to pursue a career in baking and confectionery management. The overall objective of the programme is to develop the individual with the requisite social, technical , business and practical skills, underpinned by a knowledge base in order to pursue successful and fulfilling careers in the baking and confectionery management industries.
Students study practical based courses such as Baking Technology, Human Resource Management, Introduction to Accounting, Management Principles, Baking Ingredients Studies, Food Product Development, Operations Management and Practical Baking Skills in Confectionery, Pastry and Artisan Bread Making.
Opportunities are available to the graduate in both national and international settings. These career opportunities include: Bakery Production and Management in large scale mass production bakeries, Delicatessen and Bakery/Food Product Development. There are also entrepreneurial opportunities for artisan bread, confectionery bakery and pastry based operations. In addition there may be opportunities for graduates in education, consultancy and research.


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"- I just woke up one day and i knew
- knew what?
- What I was never sure of with you
- You know what sucks?
Realizing that everything you believe in is complete and utter bullshit.
It sucks.
- What do you mean?
- uh, you know, destiny, and soul mates, and true love and all that childhood fairy tale nonsense.
You were right.
I should have listened to you."


text: don't forget about the wide leg jeans April 14, 2014 By mary 2 Comments I'm all for the skinny jeans, but can we just take a minute and remember how awesome some wide leg jeans are? Mostly this is a reminder for myself. Also, I'm not pregnant, that's a Chick-fil-a nugget belly. #worthit Go ahead & share:FacebookTwitterPinterestGoogleEmail Related


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Pleas give Ideas on containment and effects of the salt or shaker by the way this is a joke SCP not to much seriousness. (EXAMPLE)should be kept 200 meters away from the cafeteria or the food will be ruined.
Date: 20 Jan 2014 04:27
Number of posts: 9
RSS: New posts
Wrong forum; this belongs in Brainstorming and Ideas.
And it isn't my job to give you ideas on how the SCP works, I'm just here to critique it. Though I must say, how is this idea "not serious"? It's entirely plausible that this could exist.
Whoops how do I remove it
Wait for one of your friendly mods to move it.
Thread has been moved.
Well…this isn't really how it works. We don't really give you ideas for the SCP to start off with. You have to come up with that on your own. Why would we give you our own ideas so you can write them up claiming you came up with it?
Ideas on how to write things or what to add/take away are different from coming up the entire thing.
The thread might say "brainstorming" but that doesn't mean that we all throw our ideas in and you take credit. Now, to contradict what I just said because you've already called me an ass once, make it one giant prank. Perhaps a researcher has classified this salt shaker as an SCP and just unscrews the top because he wants to mess with his fellow researchers' food. You could make a huge test log where people are starting to get suspicious, and then, finally, the researcher is served to 682. With salt.
Hey I'm mean into human food such as a corndog, bananas, stuff that has been prepared or ripe and edible for human consumption.
You could make a huge test log where people are starting to get suspicious, and then, finally, the researcher is served to 682. With salt.
This sounds both unfunny and a bad idea.
Living the dream, or dreaming the life?


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We have several chickens who produce some fabulous little gifts every morning for us and one morning we had a bit more than usual! One hen had laid a very small egg which when cracked open only had a white in it and no yolk and another one of our hens laid a super large egg. She made a lot of noise when she'd finished so must have taken her a while to produce this. I made a scrapbook page to mark the occassion and its shows the small egg alongside the massive one that Hattie the hen produced! Usually the size is somewhere between the two.
She didn't lay again for a few days and to be honest I'm not surprised after that!
I tend to make pages using either 8x8 or the american size 8 1/2 by 11. I use American Craft albums which I love and I tend to buy most of my suppliers from the US too. A little expensive I suppose but I can at least get things a lot sooner than they are available in the UK and in some cases, not available to us here at all.
For this one I chose the orange cardstock as my background for the main photo of my layout to pick out the colour of the hens feathers and changed some of the font to orange to tie the pages together. I'm a pretty simple girl at heart and thats reflected in my pages, although sometimes I try to be a bit more adventurous and add a few embelishments!
That's all for today.
Take care
Zoe x
12 hours ago


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27 Reviews
You can work on any frame design out there with the Park PCS-9 repair stand. Between its 360-degree rotating head and its screw-down clamp, there's always a frame tube or seatpost to clamp to. And, with the height adjustment, it doesn't matter how tall you are or what part of the bike you're wrenching on, it will always be a comfortable, if not simple, adjustment.
- 360-degree rotating head
- Screw-down clamp
- Adjustable height
- Collapsible legs
- Item #PAR0018
Tech Specs
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Great Stand!
- Familiarity: I've used it several times
Perfect stand to get the job done of washing or working on the ol rig without paying too much.
Solid stand
- Familiarity: I've used it several times
I know you can more bells and whistles on more expensive stands, but this works great for me and my family's fleet of bikes. It is solid, easy to use, and looks good. I use it to wash bikes, make repairs, and lube the chains of the fleet.
holds and heavy
- Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
The Bike Stand is extremely heavy duty. Its big. And it's bad. Not to be used as a travel shop tool, it is a stationary garage mechanic stand. Solid and durable. This stand is great design and will probably last literally forever.
Good Starter Stand
- Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
Works perfectly for me. Do basic bike maintenance with it and it holds the bike up securely. Very simple and easy to use as well.
Entry to stands
- Familiarity: I've used it once or twice and have initial impressions
Used once so far to tune the cx bike. Least expensive on the site. You will need an Allen to break it down all the way but if you have a bike chances you have Allen wrenches. Stable enough for me. If you plan on wrenching professionally I can see how the spring loaded pin at base might give out
The spring-loaded button at the base that is intended to keep the riser bar from spinning isn't strong enough. As a result, you can't apply much rotational pressure without it slipping. It's just not stable enough.
Gets the Job Done
- Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
I am not a huge bike mechanic, but I do like getting my hands dirty to try and fix or install something myself before asking someone else to. This is a great stand all around. It isn't the lightest, but it is a solid stand once set up and can adjust to multiple positions to get the perfect angle needed. I would say my only complaint I'd have is the size it folds down to. It definitely folds up nicely and itsn't too too big when folded, but comparatively to others on the market, it is a bit on the big side and tends to easily slide back into standing position, making storing it a bit of a nuisance.
Feel free to hit me up directly with any questions on this stand or anything else on the site.
Overall good stand
- Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
This stand was exactly what I was looking for, a reliable stand that could easily be folded up and stowed away. I really have no complaints except that the button where the legs snap on has somewhat quit working. I can manually force the button through solving the problem but it can be a little bit of a hassle. However overall I love having this stand around, it makes working on your bike fun and convenient.
Great Stand.
- Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
This was super easy to set up out of the box. took me about 10-15 minutes. The stand works great and easy to adjust to the height you want. For the price and they quality i would highly recommend it.
Perfect for repairs
- Familiarity: I've used it once or twice and have initial impressions
This is a great bike stand, it attaches at the seat post and is very stable so you can adjust any part of your bicycle. I really enjoy how solid the clamp for the seat post is. It can lock onto a range of sizes and holds very well. I'd recommend this to any biker who likes to do their own maintenance and adjustments. Overall this is a great addition to any mechanics tool box.
Pretty nice stand
I'm happy with this stand and it definitely gets the job done. It bows a bit with a heavy bike, but sturdy enough for standard maintenance. Clamp is secure and easy to use and adjust.
At-home maintenance
- Familiarity: I've used it once or twice and have initial impressions
I bought this stand as a gift for my boyfriend to use for basic at-home maintenance and cleaning, and he loves it, and my brother has had one for a few years and loves his as well. I've seen it used for both road bikes and for mountain bikes, and for the price, it's really solid and so much better than spending a few hours hunched over a frame and trying to hold it up at the same time. Park Tool makes really dependable stuff, and this is another budget-friendly win from the brand that makes quick fixes at home a lot more enjoyable.
It works
- Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
This stand it a bit flimsy and bows under the weight of a mountain bike. It also does not pack up particularly well and the main bar slides around when it is collapsed. It gets the job done (and is sooo much better than not having a stand), but is rather unremarkable.
Great Bike repair stand
- Familiarity: I've used it once or twice and have initial impressions
This stand is very easy to put together and holds your bike very secure. its easy to adjust the height and sturdy enough work work or wash your bike. For the price you cant go wrong.
great and simple
- Familiarity: I've used it once or twice and have initial impressions
Not 5 stars because I've used other, better stands. This however is great if you're on a budget and have limited space. It will allow you to work on mt bikes or rd bikes without any issue.
Great stand for the money
- Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
Amazing stand for the money, I love that it packs up fairly nicely and I can throw it in the car and take it to the trails, and bike park with me. Holds all of my different bikes from DH to XC to my DJ. Love it!
Great basic repair stand
- Familiarity: I've used it once or twice and have initial impressions
This stand is very easy to put together and it only took 5-10 minutes. It seems pretty durable so far and it holds both my mountain and road bikes perfectly. It is a basic stand so your bike is pretty much fixed at one height with not a lot of adjustments.
Perfectly adequate.
- Familiarity: I've used it several times
This works great for simple repairs and cleaning at home. So much better than trying to lean your bike up against a fence or something especially when working on the drive train. Awesome price point for a solid entry level stand from a reputable company.
- Familiarity: I've used it once or twice and have initial impressions
Pretty easy to put together since there's only six pieces. It can hold my 25 pound bike in any position you please. I've already done some slight derailleur adjustments with it and having this stand, or any, makes working on bikes so much easier. For the price I can't find anything better than this out there. Would definitely recommend to anyone looking for a entry level stand. As far as I'm concerned I don't see why you would spend more when this gets the job done for less.
BASIC Repair Stand
- Familiarity: I've used it several times
I was very happy to see a more affordable option for bike stands and I have been happy with other Park Tool products I have purchased. The material is strong and sturdy while the overall assembly is pretty basic. I think the clamp is perfect as it is very easy to rotate from a horizontal to vertical position and anywhere in between while also controlling how tight you close it down on your seat post or bike tube.
Now for the 2 stars. The base of the unit where the leg assembly slides down and locks with the push button does not work properly. Once the stand is holding weight, any force applied by myself on the bike will cause the leg assembly to unlock the push button by sliding right over the top of it and the legs begin to slide up the vertical tube of the stand.
I may try to file the small hole opening where the push button should be locking because it seems to taper open on the inside of the hole allowing the button to easily be pushed in. I am hoping this fixes it, otherwise the stand is almost unusable.
Looking for a stand, why is this so much...
Looking for a stand, why is this so much cheaper than the rest?
Are the others any better or different?
I just need it for cleaning, and little repairs, and wheel set swaps, minor stuff...
Stands will vary on price depending on how heavy duty they are. A lesser expensive stand will be a little thinner tubing, and also not quite as stable for really cranking down on the bike. For most home work projects a stand like this is sufficient and will work well. Feedback also makes a comparable stand at the same price.
Looking to buy a stand for the house for...
Looking to buy a stand for the house for small repairs and cleaning. Was thinking of buying this one or do you recommend a different stand?
Hey Jesse,
I do like this one. I'm actually going to shoot you an email so we can discuss your needs and the stands a bit more.
Talk to you soon.
How many pounds can this bike repair stand...
How many pounds can this bike repair stand hold?
We used this stand in a shop where I worked and we used it to hole DH bikes, adult tricycles etc. I don't think you would want to use one to work on a car though.


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Penske Honda - Ontario, California / honda grossly lied about mileage
Lies, lies, & you guessed it...more lies and all from Honda & it's ad campaign claiming 49/50 MPG on their touted 2006 Honda Civic Hybrid. We fell for the sales pitch & hype when we plunked down $27,000 in April '06 for our new Honda Civic Hybrid. Turning out to be Truly a bad move, as we have never seen anything over 34 MPG & it's currently 32 MPG. A far cry from their deceitful and misleading claims. After confronting our Dealership (Penske Honda with this information, one of their staff (an obvious trouble shooter) produced a PRODUCT CHARACTERISTIC SHEET ( The Monroney Lable) stating how they arrived at those terrific sounding 49/50 numbers. It basicly stated the car was tested under "LAB CONDITIONS" not in the real world, like the one we live in. Yes, they forgot to mention a few things when we bought the car: In order To get that great mileage advertised..DON'T USE the Air Conditioning, Heater, Radio, GPS, or any other appliances for that matter, no Passengers or Baggage & drive 48 mph with the windows closed. Oh yes,make sure you check all four tires for the correct PSI. Ohter than that you're good to go. For Shame, Honda, that's all the American public needs right now is more DECIET, Half TRUTHS and Out Right LIES. And Mr. Penske How could you endorse and lend your famous name to this Transgression...
The Following (given to us after we complained) Is, word for word, the "PRODUCT CHARACTERISTIC SHEET:
Customer's concern: My car doesn't get the same fuel mileage as the figures on the label I took off the car and what I see in the ads for my year & model.
What's happing & why: The "Monroney label" on the side window of new cars shows figures acheived under special driving conditions. The fuel mileage estimates are for comparison shopping purposes only, and the city & highway miles per gallon (MPG) that you experience may vary from those shown on the label & in advertising. The mileage estimates on the label reflect the average MPG attained by similar vehicles in a model line under controlled laboratory conditions and are not the result of an actual road test. Test vehicles are run by professionsl drivers on a treadmill-like device that measures exhaust emissions and fuel usage. During the test, the vehicles headlights, air conditioning, heater, audio unit, and all accessories are turned off.. The city portion of the test, at an average speed of 20 miles per hr. simulates a 7.5 mile stop & go trip that includes idling time to approximate rush hour traffic delays. The Highway portion, at an average speed of 48 mph, simulates a 10 mile rural & interstate drive without idling time. To make the final fuel economy estimates closer to expected real-world fuel consumption, the results of the City mpg are lowered 10% and the Highway mpg results are lowered 22%....What Can Be Done: As the label says, your "actual mileage will vary with options, driving conditions, driving habits, & vehicle's condition" So you can do some beneficial things to increase the mpg of your vehicle....*Keep tires inflated to the specifications listed on the doorjamb sticker.*As often as possible accelerate slowly & smoothly, depending on traffic conditions, try to maintain a constant speed, & use cruise control when possible. *Keep your vehicle in top condition by following the maintenance schedule listed in your owner's manual & by using the recommended engine oil." END OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTIC SHEET.
For those interested in a SERIOUS LEGAL ACTION SUIT please contact me at firstname.lastname@example.com
email@example.com's Response, Dec 21, 2018
Please find out why Fedex did not deliver. Will we see checks today ?
I'm a lto and work 7-7. No time for bank befor or after Christmas.
I need my check today
More Penske Honda - Ontario, California Complaints & Reviews
- Penske Truck Rental - extra charges rip off! [4]
- Penske Truck Rental - worst experience ever!
- Penske Truck Rental - terrible driver [4]
- Penske Truck Rental - bad customer service [6]
- Penske Truck Rental - horrible customer service, bad product [2]
- Penske Corporation - rental truck
- Penske Corporation - personal truck rental [1]
- Penske Corporation - penske truck driver license #2461852
- Penske Corporation - 16 ft high cube van
- [Resolved] Penske Corporation - I am complaining about a purchased unit [5]


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Nike Star Runner 2 Athletic Shoes - Boys 4-7
$48.99SALE reg. $55.00 11% OFF
Out of Stock
Created exclusively for young athletes, boys' Nike Star Runner toddler shoes combines fast looks with low-top performance comfort. Stretchy yet supportive through the upper, its durable rubber outsole incorporates star-shaped lugs inspired by constellations.
- Faux leather and mesh upper
- Lace-up style with hook-and-loop closure
- Fast looks, inspired performance
- Star-shaped lugs
- Foam midsole
- Rubber outsole
- Imported


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Tuesday, November 29, 2011
Giveaway: Insight series by Jamie Magee
Today it´s my time to have a stop on the Insight Blog Tour :D YaY
Here you got the oportunity to win all three Ebooks :)
And I can just say :) They are pretty good :D
My review of the two first books, will be up later today.
While my review on the 3 book and a special vlog with my opinion about all the books togeter. Will be up on the blog 9th December :D
But hurry. The Giveaway is ending Saturday 10th December.
The Giveaway is International. All you have to do is.
- Add a comment with all the information (1 ticket)
which is your e-mail adress (so I can get in contact with you.
- Add if you got any extra tickets for the Giveaway
+1 if you Tweet about it (remember link)
+2 if you write a blogpost about it (remember link)
+2 if your a follower of my blog (remember username)
+1 if you like the Authors Facebook page (click the banner to get there)
You wanna know more of the books. Check out their Goodreads page by clicking the pictures of the book.
And remember to come back to check out my reviews ;)
Posted by MoonStar at 9:01 PM
2 comments:
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
Pamela Anderson
Comments (9)
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Claire - posted on 06/14/2013 ( 1 mom has responded )
My son has always been very bright and clever at a school. Had a few disagreements with friends but never really got into trouble but he's gone up into secondary school now and he's falling behind, getting into trouble, disrupting the class and it's so much hard work just to get him to do his homework. I'm so up set I really don't know what to do? Anyone help?


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Some time back I was reading some examples for Swift 4. I had just updated my version of Xcode and was not sure what version of Swift was installed.
Composer Global Install
I work a lot with PHP scripts. If you're doing anything more than the most basic of scripting then you're probably using composer. If you don't know what composer is, it is a dependency manager for PHP. This post will show you how to download and install composer and make the installer available system wide […]
Javascript steaming output
Some time back I had the pleasure of rewriting a client's data import script. In the process, I wanted to have a user-friendly page that displayed progress during script execution.


text: i must say after checking out the "new iphone" i am even ,more impressed with my EVO. Did Stevie just eat the bullet on this one? Sprint made a GREAT move by bringing this phone out before the Iphone hit the streets. (200,000 sold in first weekend )Sprint comes out with an UNREAL phone and the so called KING copies it. It is finally time to party . i always looked at phones and the first thing i did was say its no iphone..... now people will look at phones and compare them to the EVO. Its so nice to see Apple take a back seat to someone else. this has been 4 years in the making. PROUD EVO OWNER


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Price Beat Guarantee*
Find a lower comparable hotel price online and we'll beat it by 10%. Find out more.
*Conditions Apply
Property Details
Situated in the heart of the beautiful and unique Highfields, the Country Comfort Toowoomba - Highfields Motel and Infusions Lounge, Bar & Restaurant, is a statement in quality, luxury and modern style.
Conference and meeting facilities are available, with full catering in a private room. Whether it is a stopover, a romantic getaway, a work function or a lavish celebration, Country Comfort Toowoomba Motel offers it all! They have teamed competitive prices with ultra stylish suites and top of the range facilities.
Enjoy Highfields country atmosphere with craft stores, restaurants and cafes and close to Ravensbourne National Park with walking trails. Toowoomba is just a 10 minute drive away.
If you are after affordable luxury, look no further! Stay at Country Comfort Toowoomba Motel and experience the best, while sampling the art and culture of Highfields.
- -Bar
- -Gay friendly
- -Free wi-fi in public areas
- -Guest laundry
- -Laundry service
- -Non-smoking establishment
- -Office and business services
- -Parking – free
- -Parking – on-site undercover
- -Playground / play area
- -Pool – outdoor unheated
- -Restaurant
- -Room Service – limited service
- -Tea / coffee making
- -Tour desk


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A dramatic rescue unfolded this morning when a fishing vessel started to sink just off Filey Brigg.
A local, 10 metre fishing boat, Magic, was rapidly taking on water and sinking this morning (Thursday September 15).
Humber Coastguard directly paged for the immediate launch of Filey's Mersey Class all-weather lifeboat (ALB), Keep Fit Association, before 7am.
Within seven minutes of the call, the ALB had launched under the command of Coxswain Barry Robson, and was quickly alongside the fishing vessel.
Two members of the all-weather lifeboat along with a portable salvage pump were transferred to the Magic.
After about 30 minutes of continuous pumping the water had sufficiently cleared to enable to boat to restart its engine.
The fishing vessel was then escorted back to Scarborough Harbour by the all-weather lifeboat which returned to Filey and was recarriaged some 3 hours after the incident developed.
Barry Robson, Coxswain/Mechanic said: "The rapid response of the all-weather lifeboat here at Filey undoubtedly saved the crew and their boat. They had already deployed their life raft and were preparing to abandon ship. We soon managed to get a salvage pump on board the vessel along with 2 lifeboat crew members and once the water had receded we were able to escort the boat back to Scarborough.
"A large number of fishing vessels operate off Filey and having a lifeboat nearby is a re-assurance to them especially in circumstances like this."