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Genetically Modified Foods-Solution for Food Security
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1 International Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. ISSN Volume 5, Number 1 (2014), pp International Research Publication House Genetically Modified Foods-Solution for Food Security Sheetal Ann Lamichhane Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Jawaharalal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Adhartal, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA Abstract As the world s population continues to increase there is an increase demand for food. Since the total area for planting is not increasing we need to find another solution for food security that will meet the growing population demand. There are number of ways by which we can increase productivity in a sustainable way, but the question is that will such means meet the demand for growing population. In the 21 st century Biotechnology has been applied as one of the eco-technopolitical technology. Many developed countries have opted to incorporate the technology to improve their productivity. One such way to meet the demand is by using Genetically Modified food (GM food). GM foods are produced from organisms that have had specific changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering. By using GM foods there are many advantages such asdisease resistance, cold resistance, drought tolerance, herbicide resistant, nutrition availability. And by having such advantages we can meet the growing demand of the population Whereas Organic foods are the foods produced using methods of organic farming-with limited modern synthetic inputs like pesticides and chemical fertilizers. But the real question is that will Organic farming meet the entire requirement regarding food security in the world. Thus due to the possibilities offered by GM technology in this new century, we have got the solution that is unmatched and that will give the world food security in the coming years. By the application of GM foods we will meet the shortcomings in the productivity of the present time so that the future world is secure and safe regarding food. Keywords: GM foods, organic foods, food security
2 44 Sheetal Ann Lamichhane 1. Introduction The world s population has reached six billion and the growth rate is increasing at an alarming note, indicating that it will reach 8.1 billion by 2030(UN, 1999). Even though the world s productivity has improved significantly by providing food security to developed countries but there are still developing countries that have not received the recognition of having food security because there population is growing at an increasing rate, and thus making them difficult to achieve self-sufficiency in food production. According to FAO figures, there are 815 million undernourished people in the world (FAO, 2011). Among them, 777 million live in developing countries. There is a heavy burden on the world to provide food security to all the countries but the question arises that by which technology we can provide food security. The main aim of plant breeders is to develop varieties that express good agronomic characteristics. With the conventional breeding, however there is little or no guarantee of obtaining any particular gene combination from million of crosses generated. Undesirable genes can be transferred along with desirable genes; or, while one desirable gene is gained, another is lost because the genes of both parents are mixed together and re-assorted more or less randomly in the offspring. These problems limit the improvements that breeders can achieve. In contrast, genetic engineering allows the direct transfer of one or just a few genes of interest between either closely or distantly related organisms to obtain the desired agronomic traits. Figure 1: Comparing conventional breeding and genetic engineering (The dots represent genes, with white representing the gene of interest) Source: ISAAA Mentor s Kit, 2003 Developed countries have achieved food security by applying technology in their agriculture because they have strong technology and infrastructure. But when we talk about developing countries there is a different scenario present here. They have weak infrastructure and technology that make them difficult to apply technology in their agriculture. But with the application of biotechnology, it will provide potential contribution to sustainable agriculture productivity and new inputs for resource-poor and small scale farmers (Huang et al., 2002, Morris and Hoisington, 2000; OECD,
3 Genetically Modified Foods-Solution for Food Security ; Thirtle et al., 2003; Cohen and Paarlberg, 2004). One such tool of biotechnology is Genetically Modified Foods (GM foods). GM foods were first put on the market in the early 1990s. The first commercially grown genetically modified whole food crop was the tomato puree (Called FlavrSavr), which was made more resistant to rotting by Californian Company Calgene. Between 1996 and 2011, the total surface area of land cultivated with GM crops had increased by a factor of 94, from square kilometers (4,200,000 acres) to 1,600,000 km 2 (395 million acres). 10% of the world s crop lands were planted with GM crops in In 2012, GM crops were planted in 28 countries; 20 were developing countries and 8 were developed countries, 2012 was the first year in which developing countries grew a majority (52%) of the total GM harvest million farmers grew GM crops; around 90% were small holding farmers in developing countries(isaaa, 2012). Fig:-2: These are the countries that make 90% of the world GM growing areas. 2. Genetically Modified Food 2. What are GM foods? Genetically modified foods also known as biotech foods that are developed from genetically modified organisms. GM crops are the crops whose DNA has been modified by using genetic engineering techniques, with the aim to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species. Specific changes are made in the DNA of these crops by genetic engineering techniques that encourage extra nutrients to be produced, faster growth and ability to resist diseases and other purposes. Almost in every area in the food production market is using genetic modification to produce foods that taste better, grow faster, resist disease and improve the amount of nutrients found in the world. 2.1 Examples of different GM foods being used in the world Corn has got the gene which is insect resistance and due to this, the farmers do not have to spray pesticides that are harmful to the soil as well as the crop. Soybean on the other hand which is very much used in every altered form is also being produced genetically, so that the farmers do not have to spray insecticides or pesticides. They have been genetically modified to offer improved oil profiles for
4 46 Sheetal Ann Lamichhane processing or for healthier edible oils. Tomatoes have been modified in order to increase their shelf life. It was genetically modified to prevent it from rotting. Canola oil has been genetically altered for resistance against pesticides. 2.2 List of some of the Genetically Modified Food Genetically Modified foods Rapeseed Cotton Canola Flax Papaya Cotton Seed Oil Tobacco Description Rapeseed has been made to be more resistant to pesticides and also free from erucic acid. Because the oil can be consumed, cotton is considered as a food. It has been altered to produce a chemical that kills many pests. Canola oil was altered to be resistant to pesticides and may be in oil products, baked goods and snacks. Altered to resist herbicides, flax is in many products that contain flax oil and seed. Papayas have been modified to be more virus resistant. Cotton seed oil can be in vegetable oils, fried foods, and oil products that can be consumed. A tobacco has been altered that contains very little nicotine. 2.3 Advantages of Genetically Modified Food: We do not have to use pesticides as the crop will be pest resistance. More environment friendly as we will be insect resistance, so there is no use of insecticides. Higher crop yield. More nutrition availability (Golden rice). Rigorous testing of all GM foods and products. Thus if there is a slight chance of health hazards, then it will not be allowed to enter the market. Higher resistance to bacterial and fungal disease. Drought tolerance GM foods can last for a longer period of time, and thus improves the shelf life of the crop. 3. Conclusion After seeing the advantages of using GM foods, we can assume that if we want to secure food security in every nation, then we need to encourage GM foods. GM foods do play a major role in enhancing the productivity of the crop by providing resistance
5 Genetically Modified Foods-Solution for Food Security 47 to the crop and reducing chemical inputs. It has also benefited the environment e.g- by genetically implanting the gene from grey mangrove to the tobacco plant the tobacco plant has become tolerant to soil stress. As a result genetic engineering might be considered as the logical way of feeding and medicating an overpopulated world (Lesney, 1999). References [1] Cohen JI, Paarlberg R. Unlocking crop biotechnology in developing countriesa report from the field. World Dev (2004);32(9): [2] FAO. (2001). The state of food insecurity in the world FAO. [3] Huang J, Rozell S, Pray C, Wang Q. Plant biotechnology in China. Science (2002);295: [4] ISAAA (2012). Annual report Executive Summary. [5] Lesney MS. The garden of Dr. Moreau: plant biotechnology as a chemical enterprise. Genetically modified foods are the fore-runners of designer chemical plants. Todays Chem Work 1999:8(6): [6] Morris ML, Hoisington D. Bringing the benefits of biotechnology to the poor: the role of the CGIAR centers. In Qaim M, Krattiger AF, von Braun J, editors. Agricultural Biotechnology in Developing countries: Towards Optimizing the benefits for the Poor. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers;( 2000). p [7] OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). Accessing agriculture biotechnology in emerging economics. Paris, France: OECD; (2003). [8] Thirtle C, Beyers L, Ismaeel Y, Piesse J. Can GM-technologies help the poor? The impact of Bt cotton in the Makhathini flats of KwaZulu-Natal. World Dev (2003);31(4): [9] United Nations (1999). World Population Prospects: The 1998 Revision, New York.
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Locating Auto Air Conditioning Services in Virginia, MN
You don't know what you have until it is no longer available to you; for instance, you don't worry about the faulty air conditioning system in your car during the cold winter months. However, once the temperatures start to heat up, you begin to miss the cool air being forced through the vents. Don't put off having your car's A/C repaired until you need it. Have your air conditioning repaired by the experts and look forward to a cool and carefree summer ahead.
Choosing an Expert Air Conditioning Repair Company
When you need auto air conditioning services in Virginia, MN and you aren't sure where to turn, you should ask for recommendations from other locals including friends and family members. This will give you a good idea of which companies to avoid and which offer the best services at the right price. You can also look for reviews online to find top-rated auto air conditioning services in your area.
Learn More about the Top-Rated A/C Experts in Virginia, MN
Another way to learn more about the services offered by your local auto repair companies is to visit the website. There you can find out how long they have been in business, what additional services they may offer, and if there are any special discounts available for auto air conditioning services that you may be interested in.
Trust a Team That Offers Quality Results and Customer Satisfaction
Price should never be the primary factor when it comes to any type of auto repair service. Therefore, you should first look for a company that is highly recommended by others in the community due to their quality results. Don't go with the lowest price just to save yourself a few bucks. You could end up needing another air conditioning system repair once again soon if you do. Visit the website http://www.jmauto.com/ for more information.

subset: commoncrawl


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APRIL 26, 2018 – Doing an Ancestry DNA kit wasn't supposed to be so surprising. I thought I'd spit in a tube, and find out basically what I already knew: that I was the typical American mutt of white cultures. As someone who was raised as vaguely Protestant, my DNA results coming back as 3 percent European Jew was a bit of a shock.
With any family, there's a good amount of ancestral mythology. My great-grandmother swears we are related to Lyndon Johnson. My grandfather will tell you we are part Cherokee. But being Jewish was never something that crossed my mind.
Judaism has always fascinated me because it is a religion so deeply ingrained in its people, it is considered its own ethnicity. No one's DNA results are "Buddhist" or "Catholic." It makes me wonder about my own forbearers, who have become lost in my family's memory. We've always been passionate storytellers, and it seems we have lost the stories of where we came from, and to an extent, who we are.
I have a superficial knowledge of Judaism. I know what foods are kosher. I've been to bat and bar mitzvahs. But knowing about traditions is one thing. When my friend, Hannah, invited me to her family's Seder, I realized the history of Judaism lies in family tradition, passed on for thousands of years. Before the kiddush blessing, Hannah's family passed around a series of her childhood Passover drawings. We teased her, of course, about the lumpy matzah drawings and distorted renderings of her family.
I realized as we were looking over them that those drawings are as much a part of a rich cultural history as anything found in holy texts. Hannah's family raised her with an understanding of her identity.
Her family seemed to have a heightened sense of awareness with an outsider present. Everything was performed with a mix of ceremony and humor. They followed a kind of script, which wove in civil rights poetry with the story of Exodus. I loved the connections Hannah's family made between Passover and the enslavement of all groups of people.
I thought that a Seder was a celebration of Judaism, based on religious community. But attending this Seder made me realize how much Passover is a part of the global community, regardless of religion. It is not only a memorial of the days spent enslaved, or a celebration of liberation. It's a tribute to those ideals, which still influence every member of contemporary society: the ideals of freedom and communion.
Knowing I am 3 percent Jewish doesn't change my identity. It only makes me wonder why my family lost this strain of our heritage. We don't remember who may have been, but this doesn't negate the fact that someone in our past had a story that led them to us. I don't know what their story is, or who they are, but I'm happy to now be able to acknowledge them.
After attending my first Seder, I can tentatively say that I understand them, as well. While the Seder connects to global ideas, it is very much rooted in the strength of those following the Jewish faith. The reverence of the night was completely new to me, an absolute conviction like nothing I had ever experienced.
And yet I knew I was still an outsider. The intimate part of Passover was not for me to understand, the raising of children in Jewish faith, and in the community. I could see the importance of that bond when my friend lamented, "This is the first year they didn't ask me to find the afikoman!"
Olivia Barton writes from Nahant.


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The New Zealand International Comedy Festival is wrapping up in Wellington and Auckland but other parts of the country can now see many of the highlights as part of the festival's travelling Comedy Convoy.
Zoe George, producer for RNZ Concert's Upbeat, enjoyed some playful repartee with the convoy's MC: French raconteur Marcel Lucont, performed by English comic Alexis Dubus.
Marcel has a dry, deadpan and at times almost snobby charm that intrigued Zoe.


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Many thanks I had been in a position to find the joystick again for anyone combating it ensure that you take off car update to the app so it never updates and stick with the app also this new edition makes my participant go gradual he doesnt run anymore whyy??
Tutuapp is amazingly user friendly and, even though it usually takes a certain amount of messing about to get it in your gadget, it really is worth it
Now open Safari and take a look at tutuapp.vip. There you must push the Typical tab at the top with the web page after which you can click on the inexperienced obtain button.
I have downloaded the application and it installed but i cant appear to catch pokemon nor can i acquire things through the pokestops,how can i fix this?
I've download the primary tutu application. Can use but why can not gather balls from pokestop when I turn the pokestop?
After mounted effectively, visit Configurations > Typical > Profiles and below you need to have confidence in the developer certification for pokemon go hack.
Android video game from Nintendo's It's eaten social media marketing dialog, flooded into mainstream details experiments and had an impact on the on a regular basis life time of numerous avid gamers, in a pure, outdoors-the-Activity signifies.
Empower 'Unknown Sources' in the Security area within your system's options for those who haven't website carried out it however, and put in the APK you merely downloaded.
Of course I had precisely the same challenge this early morning – "A new edition of Pokemon Go is on the market. Would you like to update now?" With A further notify forcing me to "Update to continue." Round and spherical all over again. Everyone else getting this challenge?
Don't forget about to check out my current trick to dodge delicate-ban in Pokemon Go and use teleport without worrying about the ban in this article.
Would you like to update now?" With another notify forcing me to "Update to continue." Spherical and round once again. Any person else owning this difficulty?
Android is a more open and fewer restrictive but it nonetheless doesn't present anything and Android house owners can't get iOS only features. A brand new application identified as TutuApp is unveiled for iOS customers and it has just been built accessible for the Android System likewise.
What's up Steve the app gets downloaded but the moment I open it it crashes. Is there anything I can perform to make it perform? Many thanks lots
It involves jumping into Cydia and install one deal which makes the remainder of the process feasible, which means you are likely to need a tool running iOS 11.one.two or underneath that has been jailbroken using CoolStar's Electra jailbreak.
5 Simple Statements About TutuApp go Explained
Many thanks I had been in a position to find the joystick again for anyone combating it ensure that you take off car update to the app so it never updates and stick with the app also this new edition makes my participant go gradual he doesnt run anymore whyy??


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The protection of extensive-phrase utilization of haritaki isn't regarded. Nevertheless, given that haritaki may perhaps lessen blood sugar amounts, you can find some worry that employing it in combination with blood-sugar-lowering remedies can have dangerous outcomes.
I actually love using the Organic Haritaki As well as from Kailash Herbals day by day. I consider it in the evening just in advance of mattress. I find that in the morning I am far more obvious pondering and energized.
A fantastic system to market place brain wellbeing is usually to speak with people today. Brain wellness isn't just a trend it is right here to remain and no-1 will concern The straightforward point our brain, like the rest of our body needs common exercise and an excellent diet.
As a remedy for autism and to increase the percentage of Quick eye motion rest in autistic little ones, consistent with the mechanism by which they inspire lucid dreaming.[7][eight]
The following day try to eat a Sattvic diet program and choose Haritaki just before bedtime. Following early morning review the identical textual content and find out the primary difference.
On a daily basis ahead of likely to mattress consider 1 tbsp of Haritaki powder. Go ahead and take Uncooked powder into the mouth. You can even make use of your finger and brush it all over your mouth, like brushing.
Terminalia chebula is really a wonder herb of the nature and it has quite a few therapeutic Houses from head to toe. Terminalia chebula Retz. (Fam. Combretaceae)1 , is known as the "king of medicines" in Tibet and is usually outlined initial during the Ayurvedic meteria medica as a result of its extraordinary powers of healing. In Ayurveda it is taken into account to ruin all diseases and eradicate all squander from your body. Concurrently, it is known to advertise tissue advancement and overall health. But no systematic current information on the therapeutic performance of Terminalia chebula, a popular herbal treatment in India and South-East Asia a broad listing of synonyms or meanings like, cures all illnesses, gets rid of panic of Demise, suited to all age teams, retains body solid, and assists cease growing old system.
In the final so many years I have tried a great number of herbs for my brain similar troubles like severe brain fog, panic, depression, very very low Power and many others but didn't notice any alterations.
Emblica officinalis (Amalki) is often known as Amla or Indian Gooseberry. Based on Indian Custom, Emblica officinalis was the first tree created in the world. The tree's fruits are already credited for numerous Rewards. They happen to be utilized to support the immune system and enhance protection from disease.
It's held from the arms of your Drugs Buddha given that the doorway to better consciousness. It's the fruit on the Terminalia chebula tree, also called Myrobalan.
Nithyananda explains the Haritaki connects with the consciousness and expands it so that your complete remaining gets to be far more expressive.
Haritaki is Employed in ayurveda for digestive problems, like constipation and indigestion, and for several different ailments starting from sore throat to allergies.
The educational ability and memory remembers were assessed and in comparison statistically with those of Regulate animals. Our details showed that for the duration of the training treatment the signify numbers of cost-free shock trials inside the check groups were greater as opposed Along with the Management team but the primary difference was substantial only in the situation of your a hundred mg/kg Terminalia chebula extract. Inside the shorter- and very long-time period memory assessments the animals inside the take a look at teams acquired significantly less shocks in comparison to the control group plus the differences had been important in the situation on the 100 and two hundred mg/kg Terminalia chebula extract. Our conclusions suggest that acute administrations of ethanolic extracts of Terminalia chebula enhance the learning and memory remember capability in mice in an inverse dose-dependent manner.
Up to now, the vast majority of proof for haritaki's health effects comes from animal-based study and laboratory research. Whilst clinical trials on haritaki are at the moment lacking, some study suggests that it may well Click This Link supply specific well being Advantages.
Grown ups and kids are demonstrating open 3rd eye powers which include examining which has a reserve at the rear of their heads.


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Israel's Sela Knocked Out in US Open Second Round
August 31, 2017 by Howard Blas
Querrey's lightning serve helped him dictate the match to win in a quick one hour and twenty minutes.
Photo credit: JERRY
Dudi Sela of Israel serves to Sam Querrey of the United States on day three of the US Open tennis tournament.
The enthusiastic chants of the partisan New York crowd could not carry Dudi Sela to victory in his second round US Open match Wednesday evening against world No. 21 Sam Querrey.
Querrey's lightning serve helped him dictate the match on the way to a 6-4, 6-1,
win in a quick one hour and twenty minutes.
"You know, he is serving big and on my service game I was playing with a lot of pressure," Sela told The Jerusalem Post. "I was not free, the points were so quick, I didn't feel the match I didn't even have time to change my shirt! It was really quick and there was no rhythm. I hate these types of matches. I usually put a lot of balls back. Today I couldn't. From the first point, I couldn't — he hit three aces in the first game. It was really difficult."
Querrey jumped off to a quick
lead in the first set with Sela then holding serve. Querrey went up
and Sela fought back to tie at 4-4.
Querrey closed out the
set 6-4. The second set lasted just 22 minutes, and despite putting up a better fight in the third set, Sela couldn't muster a comeback.
"He had one look where I broke him in the first set and he broke me right back," said Querrey. "But then I was able to break him again to win that set. And once I won the first set, I gained a little more confidence and played even more aggressive, swung more freely and started to play better and better.
"Dudi is a tricky player. He's got a fan club behind him, and they are loud and cheering on their guy."
Sela is set to be in action in the doubles tournament on Thursday, teaming up with Steve Darcis of Belgium to face David Marrero of Spain and Benoit Paire of France in the first round.
Filed under: Jerusalem Post
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When you've considered all of the advantages of having a pool, it's simple to make a decision to get one. Making the determination was the natural aspect of the progression. Deciding on the dimensions, general appearance and shape of your yard oasis is much more complicated. The choices you've to select from are endless. The sanctuary of yours is able to have a conventional rectangle shaped pool the same as the camera you grew up with, or maybe it may be a thing with a little sophisticated approach to it.
Among the most effective ways to see the options and make a final decision about your pool plan is choosing the right swimming pool builders for your home. Talking to one of the best pool builders in the area of yours is a great place to start. They are going to have a designer who'll have a look at the backyard of yours and even recommend colors of pools, that will blend perfectly with room you, have to work with. They'll actually provide you with a recommendation on a landscape designer that gave help you obtain that tropical paradise appears in the backyard of yours you have envisioned.
The pool builder is going to walk you through the method of creating the pool of yours, therefore you'll know what you should expect. The building contractor is going to go the accessories you'll need for the pool of yours. They are going to cover everything from the filter as well as pump to the ladders as well as lighting. Lighting in the pool of yours is going to be crucial in case you'll be doing in swimming at night.
The builder is going to go over the kinds of supplies pools are actually made out of. They are going to point out the pros and cons of each material type. Then when you determine the kind of stuff, you'll be making an educated decision. The builder is going to go over the screens and pumps, which means you are able to figure out the system type you would like in the swimming pool of yours, as well as since they'll be detailing each technique for you, the determination process will get so much easier.
The builder is going to go over all of the other choices related to a swimming pool, like a spa, wading the, fountains, waterfall, and pool kind of lighting. The builder will even go over the various kinds of pool products and chemicals you are going to need to maintain your pool clean. After all the choices have been made, you are going to know precisely what you're buying.
The builder is going to talk to you about financing. They are going to have lenders readily available to make the pool of yours a reality. These lenders know that including a pool to your property enhances the worth of its, therefore they're normally excited to help you'll the financing of the project of yours. Your backyard oasis is going to be a reality before you recognize it.


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The next School Council meeting will be held on Thursday, 25 October 2018 in the meeting room.
The role of the Council is that of involvement in the governance of the school. This means taking part in the shaping and monitoring of the school's objectives, priorities and general policy directions. In addition, other functions are specified in the legislation.
The Council does not have a role in school management. This is the responsibility of the Principal and involves educational leadership and the effective day-to-day administration, supervision and control of the school and its staff.
The functions of a School Council are to:
Take part in:
Determine, in consultation with students, their parents and staff a dress code for students when they are attending or representing the school.
Promote the school in the community.
Cassandra Harris-Moroney - Principal
Emma Kirk - Deputy Principal
Ann Ward - Manager Corporate Services & Secretary
Anita Longmuir - Parent Member & Chairperson
Bridgit Gannaway - Staff Representative
Lindsay Johnson - Parent Member
Nathan Speight - Parent Member
Nicole Ward - Parent MemberAmber Ward - Parent Member
Cam Forrest - Parent Member
Dwight Kellow - Parent Member
John Pascoe - Parent Member
If you would like more information in relation to what the School Council does and does not do, please click here to find out more from the Department of Education website or you can download the Information Package.


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Justice Saliu Seidu of the Federal High Court in Lagos has restrained Mr Risqua Mohammed, son of late Head of State, General Murtala Mohammed, from withdrawing from his accounts in any bank.
The judge granted a mareva injunction barring him and his company, AMG Petroenergy Limited, from tampering with their money until a debt recovery suit filed against them by Guaranty Trust Bank (GTB) Plc is heard and determined.
GTB sued them over their alleged refusal to liquidate a multi-million dollars credit facility, despite repeated demands.
The judge ruled on an ex-parte application filed by GTB's lawyer, Norrison Quakers (SAN).
The bank said on May 18, 2011, it granted two import credit facilities for $40 million to the defendants, with an additional existing term loan of N630 million.
The facilities were said to have been for financing the establishment of local letters of credit in favour of the Nigerian Liquefied Natural Gas/Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation/Pipeline and Products Marketing Company (NLNG, NNPC/PPMC) and NGL to fund the payment of Gas/Condensate/Naphtha lifted based on allocation to the company by the Federal Government.
The bank said the facilities were also used to finance the establishment of letters of credit for the purchase of refined petroleum products from international and local sources for onward supply to Total Plc, Mobil Oil Plc, Exxon Mobil and Total Upstream.
The facilities were further meant to accommodate associated freight and logistics costs, as well as refinancing of the existing debts of the first defendant (AMG Petroenergy Limited).
Mohammed, as the Chairman and Managing Director of the first defendant, was said to have personally pledged to repay the credit facilities.
But trouble started when, at the expiration of the facilities' tenure in August 2012, the defendants allegedly failed to meet their obligations.
Quakers said it was evident from the defendants' actions that they were not prepared to liquidate the outstanding debt, which stood at N1.365 billion, while interest continues to accrue at the bank's lending rate.
"The plaintiff cannot allow this flagrant violation of the defendants' obligations to continue as its depositors' and shareholders' funds are at risk," Quakers said.
The bank promised to indemnify the defendants in the unlikely event that the order ought not to have been made.
Justice Saidu adjourned till November 3 for hearing of the motion on notice.


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Events in London
Blessing of the River Thames
An event in January in London
London Bridge
London Bridge
London | Update this listing
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write a review | more events | add an event
Annual Ceremony of the Blessing of the River and those who use it. Undertaken on London Bridge by the congregations of Southwark Cathedral and St Magnus the Martyr Church on the first Sunday after Epiphany.
If you have been to this event in the past please review it for us here
More Events in London in January
Ice Rink at Somerset House, Somerset House, Strand
London Model Engineering Exhibition, Alexandra Palace, Wood Green
London Potato Day & Seedy Sunday, Sydenham School, Forest Hill
Ice Rink at Natural History Museum, Natural History Museum, South Kensington
Opening of the Courts of Oyer & Terminer, Old Bailey, City
Farewell to Christmas, Geffrye Museum, Hackney
Charles I Commemoration Ceremony, St. Jamess Palace to Trafalgar Square, St James's
Royal Epiphany Gifts Service, St Jamess Palace, St James's
London Art Fair, Business Design Centre, Islington
Blessing of the River Thames, London Bridge, London Bridge
London International Boat Show, ExCel Centre, Docklands
Brit Quote:
On this day:


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Finance is the lifeline or backbone of any organization and the MBA in Financial Management encompasses crucial learning such as basics, principles, models, ratios, Business finance, Capital structure, Financial analysis, working capital management, cost accounting, innovations, trade finance, international finance and mergers & acquisition among others. Finance will be key to any organization in making them successful and be sustaining. Learning this will help in understanding the process and knowledge involved in analyzing cost centers/profit centers, expenses and preparing effective balance sheets, at the same time, understanding the aspect of optimizing cost and maximizing profits. We help in developing Financial Management skills required by the industry along with exposure to industry specialists and stalwarts. This specialization (Pune University specialization) is highly recommended for students who are pursuing a career in Financial Services in any organization as they understand the role of a Finance Manager in an organization.
In these days, MBA programme in Finance is coming out to be one of the most opted and picked up the course by students as well as working professionals pursuing MBA. One of the main reasons behind 'Finance' becoming a preferred choice for MBA aspirants lies in the financial crisis that the world faced in the last 2 decades and the recent recessions we faced. In reaction to the financial crisis, top companies and financial institutions started hiring financial analysts and managers to safeguard their assets against any such future occurrences. Similarly, most of the organizations are trying to give cost-effective services and products, and hence need professionals to guide and advise them on pricing, costing and cost reduction methodologies. This contributed to the rise of MBA in finance job opportunities that offered good jobs to finance professionals in top companies across the globe. At the same time, financial managers became one of the most in-demand professionals at a global stage as a key function in an organization. MBA in Finance & Accounting specialization with the prime focus on financial concepts.
MBA in Finance
MBA course in Finance at IICMR focuses on Planning, Accounting, Investments, Analysis of market, Economies, Taxation, Costing and many other aspects related to Finance. This course normally focuses on few important points:
- Corporate Finance
- Accounting
- Management Information Systems
- Support in decision-making
- Study of futures and options
- Supply Chain
- Finance related issues in management and organizations
- Career Prospects
At IICMR, we strategically offer a variety of exposure to students to hone their knowledge in Finance by giving them lots of opportunity through various opportunities. IICMR conducts workshops on related subjects such as GST, IT returns, reading of balance sheets, primary and secondary markets and how share market operates, the impact of demonetization, etc. IICMR also conducts initiatives such as 'Udaan' where students run the show for full 2 days and get an opportunity to make business cases, run stalls where food and goods are sold, present workable solutions, learn competitive techniques, etc. Other initiatives such as Faculty Development Programmes (FDPs), International and National Level Case study and Technical Paper presentations expose students to global and Industry best practices, interactions with Industry and Subject Matter Experts (SMEs), CEOs and CFOs. Student gets hands-on learning in various industries through Summer Intern Projects (SIPs) and practical projects. Special Industry visits are planned to see the operational working.
IICMR has Memorandum of Understanding (MOUs) with Rotary Club, National Institute of Personnel Management (NIPM), Project Management Institute (PIM), Pimpri-Chinchwad Mahanagarpalika (PCMC), etc., to give expert knowledge and exposure to business operations at the hands of Senior Level working professionals to aspiring students. These are unique opportunities for students to make their career more meaningful. We at IICMR, strive to see that students become employable and career oriented.
MBA in Finance offers a career full of challenges as the organisations have lots of challenges where innovations and cost-effectiveness are counted as vital. After the completion of your MBA you can look at profiles such as:
Investment Banking
Financial Planning
Investment banking has become a major trend amongst students who do MBA Finance, as it is a profile wherein the banker has to raise capital and give sound pieces of advice to clients for capital gains.
A financial planner is the one who works to convey improved investment prospects to clients. The job requires assisting the client in asset allocation for a better future and prospects.
Management Consultant
Management consultants are employed by organizations on a full time or part time or assignment basis to get assistance in their area of work to maintain the flow of the business.
The job of an analyst would require you to crunch numbers to devise plans and sound financial strategies for the concerning business houses.
Private Equity
Being a part of this domain might not be everybody's cup of tea but this job profile at a private equity firm would demand the aspirants to deal with the deep details of the private equity industry.
When it comes to top recruiters, there is no shortage of top brands and companies who are looking for skilled and qualified Finance professionals. Almost every organization has an accounting and finance division, and hence all organisations are potential recruiters for MBA in Finance candidates. When talking about top recruiters, Investment Banking companies, Private Equity organisations, Venture Capitalists, Start-ups, Hedge Fund shops along with financial institutions and general corporates top the charts in terms of hiring finance managers. Also, if any student is looking to build career in public sector, finance ministry, RBI and other organisations can offer great opportunities.


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Convicted sex offender Rolf Harris is to face a London court again, to find out when he faces trial on a further seven charges of indecent assault against women and girls and one alternative charge of sexual touching.
The 86-year-old pleaded not guilty to all charges when he appeared in the Westminster Magistrates Court on March 18 by video link from Stafford Prison where he's serving a term of nearly six years on similar charges.
The charges relate to seven female complainants aged between 12 and 27 at the time of the alleged offences between 1971 and 2004, one of them a disabled woman at a hospital.
Harris's case was referred to the Crown Court in Southwark, London, for a preliminary hearing on Thursday before trial.


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By Cheryl Beise, J.D.
In a consolidated patent infringement suit asserted by GE Lighting Solutions against several LED lighting products manufacturers, the federal district court in Cleveland correctly determined that the asserted claims of one patent-in-suit were invalid as indefinite, but erred in finding the asserted claims of a second patent were indefinite, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has decided (GE Lighting Solutions, LLC v. Lights of America, Inc. October 27, 2016, Hughes, T.).
GE Lighting Solutions LLC filed lawsuits in the Northern District of Ohio against Lights of America, Inc.; Lighting Science Group Corp.; CRS Electronics; Feit Electric Co., Inc.; MSI, LLC; and Technical Consumer Products, Inc., charging them with infringement of two patents directed to dissipating heat from light emitting diode (LED) lamps: U.S. Patent Nos. 6,787,999 (the '999 patent) and 6,799,864 (the '864 patent). The district court consolidated the proceedings, and after construing two disputed claim terms, granted summary judgment to the defendants, finding that the asserted claims of both patents were invalid as indefinite under 35 U.S.C. §112 ¶ 2.
The '864 patent. GE asserted claims 1, 4–8, 10, 12, and 14–16 of the '864 patent. The asserted claims all require a thermally "elongated" conductive core, which draws heat from the LEDs and dissipates it into the air. The district court first construed "elongated" to mean "extending in length" and then held that the asserted claims were indefinite because a person of ordinary skill in the art could not be reasonably certain of the claim scope.
The Federal Circuit agreed with the district court. When including a term of degree, such as "elongated," the patent must provide "some standard for measuring that degree," the court said. Absent some form of "objective boundaries," a claim is indefinite. GE's expert admitted that an ordinarily skilled artisan could not, without additional information, differentiate an "elongated" core from a "non-elongated" core. The core's dimensions were not described in the specification or in the claims. In addition, during prosecution, GE distinguished two prior art references (Reisenauer and Serizawa) as not containing an "elongated" element. But the disk of Reisenauer and the plate in Serizawa were both extended in length, which created an unresolved ambiguity as to how the prior art elements are not considered to be "elongated," the court observed.
The '999 patent. GE asserted claims 8, 9, and 12 of the '999 patent, which cover an LED lamp that contains a heat sink with an LED module on one side and an electronic module on the other side. The district court construed "heat sink" to mean "to receive and dissipate heat from," according to its plain and ordinary meaning.
The district court's construction was not erroneous, but it's finding of indefiniteness based thereon was. The district court recognized that "[t]he claims, specification and prosecution history demonstrate[] that any amount of heat transfer is sufficient for 'heat sink (verb).'" "Thus, whether a component heat sinks another component is an objectively defined fact: either heat is transferred between the components and heat sink, or it is not," the Federal Circuit said. Because the verb "to heat sink" creates no "zone of uncertainty," the asserted claims of the '999 patent were not indefinite.
The Federal Circuit affirmed the finding of indefiniteness as to the '864 patent, but reversed it as to the '999 patent and remanded the case.
The case is Nos. 2015-1979, 2015-1980, 2015-1981, 2015-1982, and 2015-2044.
Attorneys: Richard L Rainey (Covington & Burling LLP) for GE Lighting Solutions, LLC. Garret A. Leach (Kirkland & Ellis LLP) for Lights of America, Inc.; Lighting Science Group Corp.; Feit Electric Company, Inc.; MSI, LLC; and Technical Consumer Products, Inc.
Companies: GE Lighting Solutions, LLC; Lights of America, Inc.; Lighting Science Group Corporation; Feit Electric Company, Inc.; MSI, LLC; Technical Consumer Products, Inc.
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In a surprising alliance of former rivals, Sun Microsystems Inc. is scheduled to announce Tuesday that it plans to invest $10 million in Next Inc., the struggling brainchild of Steven P. Jobs, co-founder of Apple Computer.
The alliance is certain to leave many Silicon Valley pundits scratching their heads, because until recently Sun Microsystems and Next had been bitter enemies, quarreling over the lucrative and rapidly growing market for corporate work station applications.
Indeed, for several years Mr. Jobs has made Sun Microsystems his No. 1 competitive target, boasting whenever he has been able to take business away from the work-station maker.
In 1985, Mr. Jobs established Next Inc. in Redwood City after leaving Apple Computer in nearby Cupertino. But Next has been able to make little headway as a maker of computer hardware in the face of low-cost personal computers and more advanced work stations. Barrier Is Removed
This year Next withdrew altogether from building computers, removing a barrier to cooperation with Sun Microsystems.Continue reading the main story
Both Sun Microsystems and Next use a version of Unix, a computer language first favored by engineers for advanced applications but now increasingly popular for complex corporate applications.
Recently Mr. Jobs entered into a marketing alliance with Hewlett- Packard, which now offers Next software on some of its personal computers. Several industry executives said that Intel Corporation also made a nonequity investment in Next last year in exchange for Mr. Jobs's developing a version of his software for Intel microprocessors.
Under the Sun agreement, scheduled to be announced at a news conference in Redwood City on Tuesday, Sun Microsystems will get a 1.5 percent share of Next in exchange for access to the portion of Mr. Jobs's software that makes it possible to quickly build modular applications. Additionally, in a major shift of direction for Mr. Jobs, he has agreed to open his software technology by publishing a specification called Openstep.
Analysts said that it was still unlikely that Microsoft, which dominates the personal-computer software industry, would be hurt by the new alliance.
"This is still a minor religion," said Richard Shaffer, publisher of Computerletter, an industry newsletter. "Steve needs to get more converts."
There has been no shortage of public name-calling between Sun Microsystems and Next, which have sold computers, networks and applications to corporate customers that are seeking to quickly computerize parts of their businesses.
Negotiations to create the current alliance began in earnest in June. At an industry conference Mr. Jobs bumped into Guy (Bud) Tribble, one of the co-founders of Next and now vice president of engineering for Sun's software subsidiary, Sunsoft.
Mr. Jobs said that as they discussed possible joint ventures, executives from both companies realized that the two companies shared many opportunities. Mr. Jobs drew parallels between the original partnership between Apple Computer and Adobe Systems Inc., based on Adobe's Postscript printer technology, which is now the industry standard for printers.
There is a major benefit to a Sun Microsystems-Next alliance, Mr. Jobs said. By standardizing one design for a computer-programming approach known as object-oriented programming, it would be possible to give corporate developers a way of rapidly building new software applications from previously written programs.
In an interview at Sunsoft's offices here today, executives from both companies said they were entering into an alliance to try to build an alternative to Microsoft's Cairo, a set of technologies that the Redmond, Wash., company does not plan to bring to the market until 1996 at the earliest.
Mr. Jobs said that he expected to have 85,000 customers for his Next software by the end of 1993 and he forecast he would increase his software shipments to 100,000 next year.
As part of the agreement between the two companies, Next will develop a version of its Nextstep operating system to run on Sun Microsystem's work stations based on the advanced Sparc microprocessor.
Mr. Jobs has had a succession of corporate partners over the eight years since founding Next. He initially struck a deal with Canon, the Japanese electronics conglomerate and then later received a large investment from I.B.M.Continue reading the main story


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News & Events
Please use the filters in the right sidebar to narrow content by type of news.
SoundCheck 16 New Features Video/in Product News, Product Webinars /by Zarina
In this short 10 minute video, sales engineer Les Quindipan gives a brief overview and demonstration of the new features and functionality of SoundCheck 16.
Seminars in UK and Germany: The Challenges of Testing Speech Controlled Audio Systems/in Past Training Events /by Zarina
Your devices got smarter. Did your test system?
Learn how to implement open loop tests for both playback and recording in a range of devices including smart speakers, automotive audio, robots, IoT devices and more in this practical half-day seminar.
Open loop testing (testing devices where inputs and outputs are independent) enables many types of smart devices and their components to be tested in various formats and situations including:
- Smart speakers, smart watches and other smart devices
- Microphone arrays
- Speech recognition systems with microphones
- In-vehicle audio systems
- Audio devices/systems with no physical inputs or outputs
- Testing in noisy environments
We explain how to measure the same parameters as traditional loudspeakers, discussing such challenges as injecting and extracting response signals, time delays, and triggering the system using voice commands. We also demonstrate how to measure microphone array performance, speakerphone performance and more. Course content includes:
- Stimulating and capturing responses from a device where you don't have direct access to the microphone or speaker (open loop testing).
- Delays, asynchronous stimulus / acquisition, and working with the 'cloud'
- Testing with real world signals such as speech and music, and how to analyze results from these test stimuli
- Voice Recognition – key word spotting, wake word testing, directionality, and the effect of background noise on voice recognition performance
- Telephony – testing smart speakers for hands-free calling
There is no charge for this one-day seminar and lunch will be provided. Space is limited, so please RSVP today.
Locations and Dates:
UK: Tuesday Sept 25th, Sharnbrook Hotel, Bedford, England. The Sharnbrook Hotel, Park Lane (off A6), Sharnbrook Bedfordshire MK44 1LX. Note: If you need to stay here overnight, tell them you are with the ACSoft group to take advantage of a discounted rate.
Germany: Thursday Sept 27th, NH München Ost Conference Center, Einsteinring 20, 85609 Aschheim, Germany.
Full Agenda (9am-4.00pm)
- Introduction to Open Loop Testing
- What is it?
- What Kinds of Analysis Can Be Done?
- Classic Acoustic Testing: Frequency Response and Distortion
- Stimulus Signals
- Distortion Methods: THD, THD+N, Rub & Buzz (Squeak & Rattle), Perceptual Rub & Buzz, Non-Coherent Distortion
- Classic Acoustic Testing: Frequency Response and Distortion
- Mixing Digital and Analog Units
- Capturing Signals Asynchronous to the Stimulus
- Dealing with Triggering, playback and recording Delays, digital clock Resampling, and corresponding Frequency Shift
- Open Loop Applications for Playback
- Smart Devices
- Frequency Response and Distortion
- Directionality
- Automotive
- 6 Mic Tree for Audio Tuning
- Distortion methods
- HATS for Impulse Response Testing @ seated position
- Smart Devices
- Networking Lunch
- Open Loop Applications for Recording
- Smart Devices
- Frequency Response and Distortion
- Voice Recognition
- Directionality
- Automotive
- Frequency Response and Distortion (general and to ITU P.11xx)
- SNR placement study
- Impulse Response function from HATS mouth -> microphone
- Directionality
- Smart Devices
- Handsfree Communications
- Terminology for Handsfree Communications
- Introduction to Telephony Metrics
- GRAS Product Overview
- Choosing the right microphone for your application (far field vs near field vs unconventional environments)
- When to use a Mouth Simulator vs Head and Torso Simulator for testing
Steve Temme – Listen, Inc.
Cupertino SoundCheck Training – Sept 10-11, 2018/in Past Training Events /by Zarina
Unleash your audio test skills with our popular 2 day SoundCheck training course in Cupertino, CA on Sept 10-11.
In this class, we start with the basics – how to set up your system, calibrate your hardware and use the virtual instruments. We then focus on how to develop and modify test sequences, starting with stimulus, analysis and display options, and progressing to more advanced functionality such as sequence loops and jumps, statistics, and advanced post-processing. The class is a combination of classroom-style teaching and hands on practical sessions, so that when you leave the class you will be ready to go in practice as well as in theory.
This hands-on class covers all the major features of SoundCheck version 16, including writing sequences, test signals, analysis, distortion measurements and more. The class is a combination of presentations interspersed with hands-on exercises to ensure that you are comfortable with all the concepts and methods taught before you leave the classroom. Although no previous SoundCheck experience is assumed, the course still offers plenty to users familiar with writing basic sequences. Content includes:
- Overview of SoundCheck software
- Software Options
- Hardware
- Configuring audio interfaces and external equipment
- Listen Certified Sound Cards
- Calibration
- Calibration of different DUT types (telephones, speakers, etc.)
- Virtual instruments
- Spectrum Analyzer, RTA, Multi-meter, Signal Generator, Oscilloscope
- Virtual Instruments – hands-on
- Online forum, bug and wish lists
- SoundCheck Steps & Sequences
- Philosophy & Architecture
- Creating and editing SoundCheck Test Sequences and Steps
- Using the Sequence Wizard
- Stimulus & Acquisition Step details
- Basic analysis
- Display
- Data Management Hands-on
- Limits
- Sequence Development – hands-on
- Printing
- Serial numbers
- Autosave and recall
- Messages – user prompts, calling external devices
- Post-processing
- Sequence Development (part 2) – hands-on
- Statistics
- Sequence loops and jumps
- Advanced sequence development
Course presenters: Mark Latshaw, Cam Ruffle-Deignan – Listen, Inc.
Cost: $950 ($665 with valid SoundCheck support contract)
Location / Dates / Time
Hilton Garden Inn, 10741 N Wolfe Rd, Cupertino, CA 95014
Sept 10-11, 2018. Coffee / snacks / sign-in starts at 8:00 AM and the training course runs from 8:30 AM to 5:00 PM each day.
New Support Engineer: Cam Ruffle-Deignan/in Company News /by Zarina
Listen has expanded its support team with the addition of Cam Ruffle-Deignan. Cam has recently graduated with a BSME from the University of Vermont where he spent his time doing applied polymer research, playing intramural sports, and working in a student-run prototyping lab. He has a keen interest in audio products, having interned for Listen last summer, and looks forward to continue developing his audio test skills. Cam will assist Steve, Mark and Mark in providing front line support to our customers, as well as developing training materials, test sequences and support documentation. When he is not in the office, Cam enjoys going for canoe trips, hiking north-eastern mountain ranges, and tinkering with his 3D printer.
New Operations Director: Eric Johnson/in Company News /by Zarina
Listen has strengthened its infrastructure with the appointment of Eric Johnson to the role of Operations Director. In addition to internal administrative functions such as HR and facilities management, Eric manages the entire operations team including product supply and finance to ensure that all customer requirements are met efficiently and effectively. Eric has spent his career optimizing business operations for growing technology companies, most recently at Sophelle where he held the position of VP and COO. Eric holds a Bachelor's in Chemistry from Lawrence University and a Master's in Information Resources Management from Syracuse University. Outside of work, Eric enjoys photography, listening to music, homebrewing, and cooking for his wife, Jo Anne.
Seminar: Smarter Measurements for Smarter Speakers – Chicago and Boston/in Past Training Events /by Zarina
Smarter speakers require smarter test methods!
Learn how to test smart speakers, robots, voice-controlled automotive audio and other IoT devices in our practical half-day seminar taught by industry experts Steve Temme, and Marc Marroquin of Listen, Inc.
Although acoustic testing of smart speakers and other voice-activated devices presents challenges such as injecting and extracting response signals, time delays, and triggering the system using voice commands, it is still possible to measure the same parameters as traditional loudspeakers, In addition we can also measure microphone array performance, speakerphone performance and more.
We demonstrate how to do this, focusing on:
- Stimulating and capturing responses from a device where you don't have direct access to the microphone or speaker (open loop testing).
- Delays, asynchronous stimulus / acquisition, and working with the 'cloud'
- Testing with real world signals such as speech and music, and how to analyze results from these test stimuli
- Voice Recognition – key word spotting, wake word testing, directionality, and the effect of background noise on voice recognition performance
- Telephony – testing smart speakers for hands-free calling
There is no charge for this one-day seminar and lunch will be provided. Space is limited, so please RSVP today.
Locations and Dates:
Addison (Chicago area): Wednesday July 18th, 2018 – 9.00am – 1.30pm. Hilton Garden Inn, 551 N Swift Rd, Addison, IL 60101
Waltham (Boston area): Friday July 20th, 2018 – 9.00am – 1.30pm. Hilton Garden Inn, 450 Totten Pond Rd, Waltham, MA 02451
Agenda (9am-1.30pm)
- Introduction
- Open Loop Testing
- What is 'open loop' testing?
- Can you really measure frequency response and harmonic distortion in an open loop?
- Using Frequency Shifting to time align asynchronous stimuli and response
- Working with cloud based services
- Testing with Real World Signals
- How to use real voice and / or non test tones to evaluate acoustic performance
- Analysis techniques used for evaluating non test tone stimuli
- Voice Recognition
- Key Word spotting / Wake Up word testing
- Room effects, environmental distractors, and SNR…how they affect voice recognition performance
- Measuring directionality
- Telephony
- What voice quality metrics are important for speakerphones?
- Challenges of testing speakerphones in different environments
- Networking lunch
New Software Manager: Rick Spada/in Company News /by Zarina
Listen is excited to announce the appointment of Rick Spada to the position of Senior Software Manager. Rick holds both Bachelors and Masters degrees, and has over 30 years' experience in software development. Prior to joining Listen, Inc. he has worked in control systems and robotics, programmed software, and managed software development teams, most recently at Yesware and MathWorks, Inc. Rick is a lifelong resident of Massachusetts and in his spare time enjoys cooking for his family (wife Peg, son Dominic, and dog Olive) and fishing with his son on Cape Cod.
Korea Headphone Seminar/in Company News, Past Training Events, Uncategorized /by Zarina
Over 150 people attended the Listen, Inc./G.R.A.S. headphone seminar in Seoul on Tuesday March 6th, where Steve Temme, Peter Wulf-Andersen, Dr. Sean Olive and Prof. Lee spoke to a packed room about headphone measurement, perception and design and tuning. It was a great event and exciting to meet so many of Korea's top audio design engineers. Thank you for coming! And of course a huge thank you to our very special guest speakers, Dr. Olive and Prof. Lee.
Videos of the event (in English and Korean) can be viewed using the links below (videos will open in a new tab).
Peter Wulf-Andersen – G.R.A.S.: https://youtu.be/sTZpShVDaoI
Steve Temme – Listen, Inc.: https://youtu.be/35TtshAENdo
Prof. Lee – New Media Communication Joint Institute of Seoul National University: https://youtu.be/mhLW03PvLmw
Dr. Sean Olive, Harman International: https://youtu.be/B8cNf0Q3tNs
Photo Gallery


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