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Serving the city of Loveland, Colo., and its surrounding region, the McKee Medical Center brings together advanced medical technologies and extraordinary patient care.
The McKee Cancer Center includes an on-site library where patients can receive resource materials and learn more about their conditions. Social workers are on hand to help patients through their experience.
The McKee Cancer Center includes an on-site library where patients can receive resource materials and learn more about their conditions. Social workers are on hand to help patients through their experience.
The Cancer Center at Banner Health McKee Medical Center in Loveland, Colo., boasts an array of state-of-the-art technologies and well-qualified staff, but at the core of its mission is the northern Colorado community it serves. "The community is significant, as many local funds were raised for the cancer center, which definitely makes it a community center," said McKee Cancer Center Director Cindy McBlair, MHA, (R)(T).
The center opened in August 2002, bringing quality care to cancer patients in the city of Loveland and the surrounding region. The ability for patients to come to a local setting and still receive the same high-quality level of radiation treatments as those in more urban areas is important, said Elizabeth Ceilley, M.D., medical director of radiation oncology at McKee Medical Center.
"No matter how complex their individual tumor or clinical situation is, between the experience of our doctors and staff, and our excellent equipment, we are capable of handling any type of cancer treatment," Ceilley said.
An Arsenal of Latest Technologies
The Cancer Center at McKee Medical Center underwent a nearly $10 million expansion project in 2012 that added spaces for physician offices, conference areas, community support services and a vault for two new technologies, the Philips Brilliance Big Bore computed tomography (CT) system and Varian's TrueBeam STx linear accelerator (linac). Together with the Clinac 2100 EX (also from Varian), the TrueBeam STx brings McKee Cancer Center's linac count up to two.
The TrueBeam STx has now been in clinical use for image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) and radiosurgery for more than a year, according to Bradley Schuller, Ph.D., medical physicist at McKee Cancer Center. It includes upgrades for the HD Millennium 120 multileaf collimator (MLC), which allows for precise stereotactic delivery. Coupled with the TrueBeam STx is a Vision RT system that allows for visualization of a patient's 3-D surface anatomy. "This helps us monitor the patient during treatment so we can use it for setup by looking at their skin surface," said Schuller. "Monitoring the patient positions during treatment is important when you're dealing with specific factors such as breath holds."
For the center's stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) program, the new Brilliance CT Big Bore gives clinicians the ability to acquire 4-D CT scans and track breathing motions on patients. A pulmonary toolkit for oncology enables visualization of multiple lung phases to minimize motion artifacts and improve confidence in clinicians, said Schuller. "If there's a tumor in the lung and the patient is breathing, we're dealing with a moving target. That 4-D CT allows us to visualize how the tumor is moving as the patient breathes. It's allowed us to target those moving tumors with very high accuracy. We can reduce the amount of normal tissue that gets exposed during therapy, and we can really increase the amount of dose we apply to the tumor," he added.
Additional technologies to complement the center's linacs include ExacTrac patient positioning systems from Brainlab. The ExacTrac systems are used to set up patients "to submillimeter accuracy and deliver high doses to very small spots usually inoperable in patients," said Schuller.
For treatment planning the center utilizes the current version of Philips' Pinnacle treatment planning system, which includes the integrated SmartArc module. "What it does is it allows us to sculpt radiation dose around tumors and minimize the dose that hits surrounding normal tissue as much as possible," explained Schuller. "It also allows us to improve efficiency so treatments can be delivered in a much quicker fashion compared to conventional intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)."
Ceilley said the offering of such technologies in Loveland means patients in northern Colorado no longer have to travel an hour a day or more multiple times when undergoing a course of treatment that may last up to eight weeks. "We're making treatment more convenient for patients with the same good outcomes, if not better," she said. "For example, the typical radiation therapy course for prostate cancer is 44 treatments for almost 9 weeks. With our new technologies, we are able to follow a new protocol in which we precisely deliver treatment to the prostate in just five treatments. That really does improve quality of life in those patients. The other thing we can do is allow some patients who previously wouldn't have been able to be treated, to be treated."
Complementing Technologies With Comfort
Despite all the state-of-the-art technologies that allow McKee Cancer Center to perform novel treatment delivery when tackling even tougher cases, the staff say that what sets them apart is the hometown feel that comes with the patient experience. "We have real innovation in extraordinary patient care," explained McBlair. "That's one of the things that makes us unique — the technology and the people who deliver it."
The new treatment room at McKee Cancer Center is one example. "When you walk into our treatment room, you have some of the best equipment that you can buy," said McBlair. "But we felt it could be overwhelming for someone who needed to come in for treatment. We wanted to make sure that we were able to match the patient experience to the technology that was in that room."
"That room" features a fiber-optic ceiling, backlit in purple-blue to create the illusion of a starry night sky, complete with constellations such as the Big Dipper, Little Dipper and Orion, as well as the Banner Health heart logo and the word "hope." A flat-screen television set above the patients can be customized with an iPad to show comforting images and videos that could ease the treatment experience. McBlair recalls one Spanish-speaking patient who was able to listen to familiar Latin music during treatment to help decrease anxieties. "We truly take that and the patient experience into as much consideration as possible," she said.
Decreasing discomfort and anxiety also brings clinical benefits to the radiation therapy. Lower stress levels can increase the body's immunity levels. And "when patients are more comfortable they tend to hold still better," added Ceilley. "The stiller our patients are, the more accurate our treatment delivery is."
Ceilley says the family atmosphere at McKee Cancer Center truly contributes to a patient's therapy just as much as the high-quality technologies that deliver it. In addition to radiation oncologists, clinical staff and administrative personnel, the center also employs social workers to help patients through the experience, from initial diagnosis through radiation treatment, to follow-up visits and "graduation." A library is also on site, complete with resource materials for patients, as well as community meeting spaces and a garden outside the chemotherapy area. "This really is the first time in the region where all of these services are available under one roof," said Paul Matthews, public relations director for McKee Medical Center.
Seeing Improvements
Since its recent expansion the center has seen the benefits that the latest combined technologies and programs can offer. With on-board imaging available with the TrueBeam STx, there is little lag time between imaging and treatment. Arc-based techniques allow patients to be treated more efficiently and quickly. And while newer technologies often mean higher costs, the center says reducing side effects and requiring fewer medications and/or hospitalizations often translates into savings for patients.
Matthews concluded: "I think that's a really important service that we offer to the City of Loveland and the surrounding region. It's the point of offering world-class radiation therapy in the community setting."


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Silicone textile finishes
Silicone textile finishes
Patent Drawings:
Date Issued:
October 12, 1993
June 29, 1992
Czech; Anna M.
(Peekskill, NY)
Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation
(Danbury, CT)
Primary Examiner:
Lieberman; Paul
Assistant Examiner:
Tierney; Michael
Attorney Or Agent:
Deppenbrock; B. L.
U.S. Class:
Field Of Search:
International Class:
U.S Patent Documents:
Foreign Patent Documents:
Other References:
A durable hydrophilic silicone textile finish is produced on cellulose-containing textiles to impart durable hydrophilic softness and durable press properties to the textile. The silicone finish is produced from an aqueous solution of glyoxal, a reactive organomodified silicone copolymer, a glycol and an acidic catalyst. The treating composition is applied to the textile and cured by heating at an elevated temperature to bond the silicone to the cellulose.
What is claimed is:
1. A heat curable textile finishing agent for forming durable hydrophilic finishes on textiles formed at least partially of cellulosic fibers such finishes withstandingrepeated washing in water, which finishing agent comprises: glyoxal, at least one glycol, at least one acidic catalyst, and at least one organomodified silicone copolymer having the formula: ##STR19## wherein R at each occurrence is a monovalenthydrocarbon radical; n is an integer; m is an integer equal to or greater than 1; and R.sup.2 has the formula --(CH.sub.2).sub.x (OR.sup.3).sub.y (OR.sup.4).sub.z R.sup.5 wherein OR.sup.3 and OR.sup.4 are repeating units; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are thesame or different and selected from the group consisting of C.sub.2 H.sub.4 and C.sub.3 H.sub.6 ; x, y, z are integers with the proviso that x and at least y or z are not zero; R.sup.5 is alkoxy- or acetoxy; R.sup.6 is a monovalent organic radicalhaving a reactive group selected from the group consisting of an epoxide group, an amide group, and a thiol group; and n, m, o, x, y, and z are such that the silicone is soluble or dispersible in water at room temperature.
2. The finishing agent of claim 1 wherein the finishing agent is an aqueous solution comprising by weight about 1% to 5% of said glyoxal, about 1% to 15% glycol, about 1% to 15% of said silicone copolymer, about 0.1% to 2% acid catalyst, and 0%to 2% catalyst activator based on the total weight of the solution.
3. The finishing agent of claim 1 wherein the glycol is selected from the group consisting of an alkanediol and polyoxyalkylene, wherein said glycol has a molecular weight of less than about 200.
4. The finishing agent of claim 1 wherein the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of p-toluenesulfonic acid, zinc chloride, zinc tetrafluoroborate, aluminum chloride, magnesium chloride, aluminum chlorohydroxide, aluminum sulfate andmixtures thereof.
5. The finishing agent of claim 4 wherein said catalyst includes a catalyst activator selected from the group consisting of tartaric acid, citric acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid and mixtures thereof.
6. The finishing agent of claim 1 wherein R is methyl.
7. The finishing agent of claim 1 wherein the molar ratio of glyoxal to glycol is about 1:1 to about 1:2 in the finishing agent.
8. The finishing agent of claim 1 wherein R.sup.6 is selected from the group consisting of ##STR20## wherein R.sup.7 is selected from the group consisting of methylene, ethylene, propylene, phenylene, --C.sub.3 H.sub.6 OCH.sub.2 -- and--(CH.sub.2).sub.3 O.
The present invention is directed to silicone copolymers which can produce durable hydrophilic finishes on cotton textiles. More particularly, the invention is directed to a method of treating cotton textiles to imp art softness and durablehydrophilic properties to the textiles.
Textiles, and particularly cotton and cotton blend textiles, are often treated with silicone finishing agents to provide softness, improve tear strength, flex abrasion, processibility and wrinkle recovery. These finishing agents are generallyapplied to the textile from aqueous systems in pad-dry-cure operations.
Commonly employed types of silicone finishing agents are the polysiloxanes containing pendant organic groups. The silicone finishing agents which have been typically used heretofore have hydrophobic properties and result in the fabrics havinglittle or no water absorbency. When hydrophilic silicone copolymers are used, the textiles have improved hydrophilic properties, but these finishes generally have poor durability. To improve the durability of the hydrophilic silicone finishes, reactiveor curable organomodified silicones are generally used.
One example of the efforts to produce durable silicone finishes on textiles is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,459,383. The fiber-treating composition includes at least two reactive organosilicones which are able to react with each other and formdurable finishes. The organomodified silicones include (1) an epoxy-substitutes siloxane and (2) an amino or carboxy-substituted and polyether-containing siloxane copolymer. The epoxy silicone is reacted with the amino-containing siloxane oralternatively the carboxyl-containing siloxane during curing to crosslink the siloxanes onto the fibers.
Other silicone finishing agents include silicone copolymers having polyoxyalkylene substituents and hydrolyzable di- or trialkoxysilyl groups. The silicones are applied to the fabric in the presence of moisture where the alkoxysilyl groups arehydrolyzed and cured at elevated temperatures. One example of this form of silicone finishing agent is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,283,519. A hydrophilic organosilicone includes a trialkoxysilyl pendant group and a polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylenechain terminated with a hydrogen or an acyl group. The silicone is applied to the fabric and cured by heating in the presence of a catalyst.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,758,646 discloses a bis (alkoxysilyl) polyether copolymer as a fabric sizing agent. The sizing agent is applied to the fabric and cured by heating to produce a hydrophilic finish having antistatic and soil release properties.
Glyoxal has been known to react with cotton and produce durable press finishes for cotton related fabrics such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,472,167. In this patent, an aqueous solution of glyoxal, glycol and an acid catalyst is appliedto a cellulosic textile and cured by heating. The glyoxal is reported to form acetal crosslinks with cellulose. The glycol is added as a coreactant additive to modify the length of the crosslinks in the network. An optional silanol-terminated siliconeis reported to produce a treated fabric having considerable water repellency.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,269,603 discloses a durable press treatment for textile fabrics using an aqueous solution of glyoxal, a reactive hydrophobic silicone and a catalyst. The treating composition is cured at about 177.degree. C. to 204.degree. C.This curing temperature has the disadvantage of producing a significant loss of tear strength of the fabric. The treating composition is reported to impart wrinkle resistance and smooth drying performance.
The present invention is directed to a method of producing hydrophilic silicone finishes for cellulose-containing textiles, using glyoxal to bind silicone copolymers to the textile. The resulting silicone finishes are durable to washing andimpart soft hydrophilic properties and durable press properties to the treated fabric.
The present invention is directed to finished textile materials and to a method of imparting durable hydrophilic softness to cellulose-containing textile materials. The hydrophilic finishes produced are sufficiently durable to withstand repeatedwashings in water and/or home laundering. The textile finish can be used with or without other textile finishes.
The hydrophilic finish of the invention is produced by forming a chemical bond between the cellulose portion of a textile substrate and a hydrophilic silicone via acetal formation with glyoxal. The hydrophilic finish-forming composition is amixture of glyoxal, glycol, a reactive hydrophilic silicone and an acid catalyst. The cellulose-containing textile ii impregnated with the composition and subjected to reactive conditions, such as heating. The hydrophilic silicone then becomes fixed tothe textile to impart durable hydrophilic properties.
The preferred reactive silicones are the hydrophilic silicone random copolymers having a hydroxyl terminated organic polyether substituent. Preferably the silicone copolymers have primary or secondary hydroxyl terminated polyoxyalkylene chains. Preferably the polyoxyalkylene is a polyoxyethylene or a polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene copolymer where the ethyleneoxide content is such that the silicone is hydrophilic. The silicone copolymer may also be a terpolymer of polysiloxane,polyoxyethylene or polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene terminated with a hydroxy-, alkoxy-, acetoxy-end group and pendant groups which bear hydroxyl, amine, amide or thiol groups or groups capable of forming hydroxyl groups under reactive conditions. Thepreferred functional groups which are able to form hydroxyl groups are epoxy-pendant groups.
The reactive hydrophilic silicone when combined with the glyoxal and glycol provides durable hydrophilic softness to the textile and enhanced durable press performance compared to the glyoxal-glycol system alone. A hydrophilic siliconecopolymer, which becomes chemically linked to the textile, provides improved durable wrinkle recovery angles, smooth drying performance and increased tear strength to the treated fabrics.
The present invention is directed to a method of applying hydrophilic finishes to the surface of cellulose-containing textiles to impart durable hydrophilic properties. The resulting textiles have improved softness, wettability, and durablepress properties. The hydrophilic finish can be applied to woven and nonwoven textiles containing cellulose fibers, such as for example cotton, flax, hemp and jute. The textile may be a blend of cellulose fibers and synthetic fibers such as, forexample, a cotton/polyester blend.
The process of the invention applies a finishing agent solution to a textile and cures the finishing agent on the textile. The finishing agent solution includes glyoxal, glycol, an acid catalyst and a reactive hydrophilic silicone copolymerhaving a hydroxyl terminated polyether chain. Alternatively, the hydrophilic silicone copolymer may be a terpolymer with a polyether having hydroxy-, alkoxy- or acetoxy-end groups and functional pendant groups bearing hydroxyl, amine, amide or thiolgroup or groups capable of forming reactive hydroxyl groups. The functional pendant group may be, for example, an epoxy-pendant group. The hydrophilic silicone having the hydroxyl group or functional group capable of forming hydroxyl groups underreaction conditions is linked to the cellulose substrate to impart durable hydrophilic properties to the textile. The chemical linkage between the cellulose and the silicone is formed by the use of the acid catalyzed reaction of glyoxal, silicone andcellulose. The finish is generally produced by applying an aqueous solution of the silicone copolymer, glyoxal, glycol and acid catalyst to the cellulose textile, which is then dried and cured by heating at about 120.degree. to about 180.degree. C.
The textiles treated in accordance with the invention possess durable hydrophilic softness. In the presence of an acid catalyst, glyoxal forms acetal links between the cellulose and hydroxyl group of the silicone copolymer.
The silicone copolymers of the invention are preferably random hydrophilic silicone copolymers having a polyoxyalkylene chain, hydroxyl groups or functional groups capable of forming hydroxyl groups under reactive conditions, and are reactivewith glyoxal to form linkages between the silicone and the cellulose textile via the acetal formation. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the reactive silicone is a copolymer having a polyether chain with hydroxyl end groups or alternatively aterpolymer with polyether and reactive pendant groups.
The preferred silicone copolymer is represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R at each occurrence is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical. R may be, for example, an alkyl preferably having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, aryl or arylalkyl. Mostpreferably R is methyl. In the above formula, n is an integer and m is an integer equal to or greater than 1. For example, n may be about 10 to about 150. R.sup.2 at each occurrence is represented by the formula
with recurring units OR.sup.3 and OR.sup.4, where R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different and are C.sub.2 H.sub.4 or C.sub.3 H.sub.6. R.sup.5 is hydroxyl. In the formula, x, y and z are integers with the proviso that x and at least y or zare not zero. In the formula, n, m, x, y and z are selected such that the silicone is soluble or at least slightly soluble or dispersible in water at room temperature. The amount of ethyleneoxide in the copolymer is sufficient to impart hydrophilicproperties to the silicone copolymer. R.sup.2 consisting of oxyethylene and oxypropylene moieties linked in a random chain or in a block chain preferably has a molecular weight of about 150 to about 6,000 most preferably of about 350 to about 4,000.
In an alternative preferred embodiment the hydrophilic silicone copolymer has the general formula: ##STR2## wherein R, n and m are as above and o is an integer of at least 1. R.sup.2 at each occurrence is represented by the formula
wherein x, y, z, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are as above and R.sup.5 is hydroxy-, alkoxy- or acetoxy-. The alkoxy preferably has 1 to 4 carbon atoms. In the preferred embodiment, R.sup.2 has a molecular weight of about 150 to 6,000 and most preferablyabout 350 to 4,000. The amount of ethyleneoxide in the copolymer is sufficient to impart hydrophilic properties to the silicone copolymer. R.sup.6 is a monovalent organic radical having one or more hydroxyl, diol, amine, amide, thiol or epoxide groups. Preferably R.sup.6 has a pendant group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, diol and epoxide group. In the preferred embodiment R.sup.6 is selected from the group consisting of ##STR3## wherein R.sup.7 is a divalent organic radical such asmethylene, ethylene, propylene, phenylene, --C.sub.3 H.sub.6 OCH.sub.2 -- and (CH.sub.2).sub.3 --O--. Most preferably R.sup.6 is ##STR4##
In the preferred embodiments, the silicone copolymer is soluble or dispersible in water. The silicone copolymer may be a liquid at room temperature or a waxy solid. Generally, the water solubility is enhanced by increasing the weight ratio ofthe polyoxyethylene group to the polyoxypropylene and to the silicone backbone in the molecule. For moderately water soluble silicone copolymers, a suitable surfactant may be used to disperse the silicone in water.
The glycol employed in the process may be a suitable diol which is able to react with the glyoxal. Glycols suitable for the process of the invention include, for example, straight chain alkanediols having the formula, HOR.sup.8 OH, whereinR.sup.8 is an alkylene group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or polyoxyalkylenes (polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol). The glycols preferably have a molecular weight of less than about 200. The most preferred glycols are diethylene glycol andtriethylene glycols. Other glycols which may be used include, for example, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and dipropylene glycol.
The glyoxal used is suitably a commercial grade material commonly supplied as a 40% aqueous solution. Although less preferred, the glyoxal may be obtained as a solid which is subsequently dissolved in water to form a solution of a desiredconcentration.
The preferred acidic catalysts are Bronsted or Lewis acids capable of catalyzing the reaction of the glyoxal with the cellulose. Suitable acid catalyst include, for example, p-toluenesulfonic acid, zinc chloride, zinc tetrafluoroborate, aluminumchloride, magnesium chloride, aluminum chlorohydroxide and mixtures thereof. In the preferred embodiment, the catalyst is a mixture of aluminum sulfate and tartaric acid as a catalyst activator. Otber acid catalyst activators which are effectiveinclude citric acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid and mixtures thereof. The mole ratio of the acid to aluminum sulfate may range from 0.5:1 to 15:1. The preferred range of tartaric acid to aluminum sulfate is about 0.5:1 to 5:1.
In the process of the invention the finishing agent is prepared as an aqueous solution containing about 1% to about 5% glyoxal on a solids basis, about 1% to about 15% by weight of a glycol, about 1% to 15% by weight hydrophilic silicone polymer,about 0.1% to 2% by weight acidic catalyst and 0% to 2% of catalyst activator. Preferably the molar ratio of glyoxal to glycol is about 1:1 to 1:2 in the finishing agent. Suitably the aqueous solution contains from about 3% to 15% by weight of a 40%glyoxal solution, 3% to 15% by weight glycol, 1% to 5% by weight hydrophilic silicone copolymer, 0.1% to 1% catalyst and 0% to 0.5% by weight of an optional acid catalyst activator with the balance to 100% with water.
The cellulose-containing textile is preferably impregnated in a bath with the treating solution and wet pick-up adjusted to 100% of the weight of the dry textile. Alternatively, the treating solution may be applied by spraying or by othersuitable applicators. The moisture content of the impregnated textile maybe initially reduced by heating at an elevated temperature for about 2 to about 8 minutes and preferably about 3 minutes prior to substantial curing. The treated textile may thenbe cured by heating to a sufficient temperature for a sufficient period of time. The drying temperature may vary depending on the textile composition but will generally range from about 50.degree. C. to 110.degree. C. and is preferably about85.degree. C. The textile is then heated to cure the finishing agent on the textile at a temperature of about 110.degree. C. to 180.degree. C. The treated textile can be dried and cured in a one step heating process by heating the textile at atemperature of about 110.degree. to about 180.degree. C. The heating time to dry and cure the finishing agent is dependent on the amount of water remaining from the treating solution to be evaporated and the curing temperature. Suitably the curingtime is about 0.5 to 5 minutes. Alternatively the heating step may be initiated, for example, at about 50.degree. C. and gradually heated to about 180.degree. C. over a sufficient period of time to dry and cure the finishing agent on the textile.
The following examples illustrate the preferred embodiments of the invention and are not intended to be limiting. The treated textiles were evaluated and compared for properties and characteristics. The testing methods employed were thestandard methods as understood by those skilled in the art and include Wrinkle Recovery Angle by AATCC Method 66-1984, Durable Press Appearance by AATCC Method 124-1984, Wettability Test by AATCC Method 39-1980, Fabric Conditioning by ASTM MethodD-1776-74, and Elmendorf Tearing Strength by ASTM D-1682-64.
The fabric used in the following examples was a bleached, desized mercerized cotton print cloth, Style 400M by Testfabric, Inc., Middlesex, N.J. The softness of the treated fabric was evaluated by a hand panel and the tested fabrics were ratedusing a scale of I to 10, where 1 is the softest and 10 is the harshest. In the following examples, durability is intended to refer to the resistance of the hydrophilic silicone to repeated washing or laundering. The durability of the hydrophilicsilicone on the textile was assessed by determining the amount of the silicone on the treated fabrics before and after five machine washing cycles as conducted by AATCC standard machine wash conditions with AATCC Detergent 124 and standard dryingprocedure. Durable press properties are intended to refer to the overall properties of the textile including shrinkage control, wrinkle recovery angle, and smooth drying performance.
A mercerized, 100% cotton print cloth was treated with the aqueous treating composition as set forth in Table I below. Wet pick-up was adjusted to 100% by weight of the dry fabric. The treated fabrics were dried in a forced draft oven for about3 minutes at 85.degree. C. Subsequently, the dried treated fabrics were cured by heating in a forced draft oven at 125.degree. C. for 2 minutes. The durability of the hydrophilic silicone copolymers was determined by a comparison of the silicone levelon treated fabrics before washing and after five washing cycles. Standard AATCC machine wash conditions using AATCC Detergent 124 and drying were applied. The durability to washing is calculated as the percentage of initial level of the siliconedetermined on the unwashed fabrics. The accuracy of the analytical method was 10%.
TABLE 1 __________________________________________________________________________ SAMPLE Comparative NO. Samples 1 2 A B __________________________________________________________________________ Percent by Weight Glyoxal, 40% solution 6.012.0 6.0 -- Diethylene glycol 8.8 8.8 -- -- ##STR5## 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate 0.77 0.77 0.77 Tartaric acid hydrate 0.37 0.37 0.37 Water 82.06 76.06 90.86 98.0 Durability of the silicone 65% 72% 33% 12% __________________________________________________________________________
The above data show a significant increase in the durability of the hydrophilic silicone copolymer on the cotton fabric from the treating solution containing glyoxal, diethylene glycol, and an acid catalyst compared to a similar treating solutionwithout diethylene glycol or the silicone used alone.
A similar textile treatment was conducted on a mercerized cotton fabric using the process as in Example 1 for different treating solutions containing silicone copolymers having different silicone to polyethyleneoxide ratios. The durability ofthe silicone on the fabric was determined as in Example 1. The treating solution and resulting durability are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 __________________________________________________________________________ SAMPLE NO. 1 3 4 5 __________________________________________________________________________ Percent by Weight Glyoxal, 40% solution 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 Diethylene glycol 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 ##STR6## 2.0 -- -- -- ##STR7## -- 2.0 -- -- ##STR8## -- -- 2.0 -- ##STR9## -- -- -- 2.0 Aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 Tartaric acid hydrate 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 Water 82.06 82.06 82.06 82.06 % ethylene oxide 50 37 28 33 Durability of the Silicone (%) 65 41 -- (spots) 33 __________________________________________________________________________
The above data demonstrate that as the hydroxyl functionality and hydrophilicity increases as represented by the percent of the ethylene oxide in the copolymer, the durability of the hydrophilic silicone finish increases.
A textile treatment as in Example 1 was conducted on 100% cotton fabric using different treating solutions to compare the durability of silicones having a terminal primary or secondary hydroxyl groups on the organic group. The fabric wastreated, dried and cured as in Example 1.
TABLE 3 ______________________________________ SAMPLE NO. 6 7 ______________________________________ Glyoxal, 40% solution 6.0 6.0 Diethylene glycol 8.8 8.8 ##STR10## 2.0 -- ##STR11## -- 2.0 (random copolymer) Aluminum sulfateoctadecahydrate 0.77 0.77 Tartaric acid hydrate 0.37 0.37 Water 82.06 82.06 Durability % 50% 25% ______________________________________
The durability of the hydrophilic silicone on the textile as shown in Table 3 is significantly greater for the silicone of Sample 6 having a primary hydroxyl group on the polyethyleneoxide pendant group. The primary hydroxyl group on thepolyoxyethylene is more reactive than the secondary hydroxyl end group on the polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene pendant group, and produces a finish that is more durable to repeated washing.
This example considers the differences in durability between silicone copolymers having reactive hydroxyl end groups on the organo group and non-reactive silicone copolymers having methoxy end groups on the polyether organo group. In thisexample, compound VII is a hydrophilic silicone copolymer with a terminal hydroxyl group on the polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene chain. The organic block included about 75% by weight polyoxyethylene. Compound VIII is a methoxy terminatedpolyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene silicone copolymer. The organic block of compound VIII included about 75% by weight polyoxyethylene. The treating solution having the composition as shown in Table 4 was applied to samples of mercerized, 100% cottonfabric. The treated fabric was dried and cured in one step in a forced air oven at 171.degree. C. for 90 seconds. The fabric samples were washed using standard washing procedures. The durability of the finish is shown in Table 4. This data clearlydemonstrate the increased durability of the silicone finish using the hydroxyl terminated polyether modified silicone compared to a non-reactive silicone. The residual durability of the non-reactive silicone (VIII) is believed to be due to theincomplete capping (85%) of the polyether. The remaining 15% contains hydroxyl functionality which may produce the semi-durable properties of this sample.
TABLE 4 ______________________________________ SAMPLE NO. 8 9 ______________________________________ / (% by weight) Glyoxal, 40% solution 6.0 6.0 Diethylene glycol 8.8 8.8 Aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate 0.125 0.125 Tartaric acidhydrate 0.075 0.075 ##STR12## 2.0 -- ##STR13## -- 2.0 Water 83.0 83.0 Durability 56% 31% ______________________________________
The durability of the epoxy functional hydrophilic silicones was evaluated in this example. The aqueous treating solutions were prepared as Samples 10-13 according to Table 5. Compound IX is silicone terpolymer with a methoxy-terminatedpolyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene and (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl functional group. The polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene included about 40% by weight polyoxyethylene. Compound X is a silicone terpolymer with 3-glycidyloxypropyl and acetyl-terminatedpolyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene, with higher epoxy content than Compound IX. The polyoxyethylene content in the polyoxyalkylene is about 40% by weight. Compound XI was a silicone terpolymer of 3-glycidyloxypropyl and acetyl-terminatedpolyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene with higher epoxy content than Compound X. The polyoxyethylene content in the polyoxyalkylene was about 40% by weight. The solutions were applied to the cotton fabric and adjusted to 100% of the weight of the dry fabric. The fabrics were dried and cured in one step for 90 seconds at 171.degree. C. in an oven. The durability of each silicone is recorded in Table 5. The data demonstrate high durability of the silicone bearing epoxide, which increases with the epoxycontent in the molecule.
TABLE 5 __________________________________________________________________________ Sample No. 10 11 12 13 __________________________________________________________________________ (% by weight) Glyoxal 40% 6 6 6 Diethylene glycol 8.8 8.8 8.8 Aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate 0.2 0.2 0.2 Tartaric acid hydrate 0.05 0.05 0.05 ##STR14## 1.0 1.0 m + n = 7.5 epoxide content 0.25% ##STR15## 1.0 o + p + q = 7.5 o/p = 3:1 epoxide content 0.4% ##STR16## 1.0 2s + t = 7.5 epoxidecontent 0.7% Water 83.95 83.95 83.95 99.0 Durability after 5 washing cycles 61% 67% 79% 23% __________________________________________________________________________
The durability of the hydrophilic silicones having diol pendant groups produced from the epoxy-functional silicones is demonstrated in this example as Samples 14 and 15. Compounds IX and XI from Example 5 were refluxed in a water/isopropanolsolution in the presence of 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid for 2 hours to hydrolyze the epoxy group and form Compounds XII and XIII respectively. The hydrolysis efficiency was determined by titration of the residual epoxide to be 85% to 90%. The treatingsolution was prepared as shown in Table 6 according to the method of Example 1. The treated fabric was dried and cured at 171.degree. C. for 90 seconds. The durability of the silicone was determined as shown in Table 6. This data shows that thesilicones having pendant diol groups have similar durability as the epoxy-pendant silicones.
TABLE 6 __________________________________________________________________________ Sample No. 14 15 __________________________________________________________________________ (% by weight) Glyoxal, 40% 6 6 Diethylene glycol 8.8 8.8 Aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate 0.2 0.2 Tartaric acid hydrate 0.05 0.05 ##STR17## 1.0 m + n =/ 7.5 ##STR18## 1.0 2s + t = 7.5 Water 83.85 83.95 Durability after 5 washing cycles 61% 67% __________________________________________________________________________
This example evaluates the durable press properties of the glyoxal-glycol-hydrophilic silicone systems. The treating solutions were prepared in accordance with Table 7. The solutions were applied to the cotton fabric samples and adjusted to100% of the weight of the fabric. The fabrics were dried and cured at 171.degree. C. for 90 seconds. The properties of the fabrics were determined as shown in Table 7.
TABLE 7 ______________________________________ Compara- tive Sample No. Sample 16 17 C ______________________________________ (% by weight) Glyoxal, 40% 6.0 6.0 6.0 Diethylene glycol 8.8 8.8 8.8 Aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate 0.1250.125 0.125 Tartaric acid hydrate 0.075 0.075 0.075 Copolymer IX 2.0 Copolymer VII 2.0 Water 83.0 83.0 85.0 Cond. WRA (f + w degrees) initial 301 300 272 after 3 washes 295 285 230 tear strength 49% 44% 31% retention (w) Wetting time (seconds) initial 9 6 6 after 3 washes 30 10 3 Durable press 3.3 3.4 3.1 rating (average) Softness 2.5 2.5 6 ______________________________________ Copolymers VII and IX are as in Example 4 and Example 5 respectively.
The above examples are intended to be exemplary of the preferred embodiments of the invention. It will be readily recognized by those skilled in the art that other modifications and embodiments can be made without departing from the spirit andscope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.
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by Norman P. Grubb
Now you take the Saviour and ourselves. The Saviour is dead now to sin—Adam was dead to God. Now, if Jesus on the Cross died to sin, it couldn't touch Him. He died to the world, died to the flesh, and rose again. They can't reach Him. He's where He cannot be tempted. His whole body, His whole being has gone right in. He's the Man in the Glory. He has the complete redemption and nothing can ever touch Him again. We've not reached that place yet. We have it yes, in the Spirit. So it's a real death. Now somehow I must get it over that it is a real death, a real cutting off, a public burial. The burial is the public notification of a death isn't it? You bury a body and so the whole world can see that the person is finished. Now that's what we must have. You and I must have a death which is public to everybody, which is a publicly settled thing. I've died with Jesus and I'm cut off from sin, cut off from the world, cut off from the flesh. But I'm not out of their reach yet. Jesus is out of their reach, but I'm not. I'm in a body which is still corruptible. I'm in the world but not of it. I'm not of the world but I'm in it. Sin can reach me. So my death is one which still leaves me within hearing distance of the things which I've left behind and they call mighty much at me. Do you see the difference?
Now when you see that difference, you see how you can take the position that you're really dead and yet can still have a response. You're still in the surroundings, in the environment which can call to you. You have the same thought again in Romans 6:16, on the servant question. "Know ye not, that to whom ye yield yourselves servants to obey, his servants ye are to whom ye obey; whether of sin unto death or of obedience unto righteousness?" Now there we're given the picture of a change of service. What has been described as death in the previous verses is now spoken of as a change of service. You see the same thought there.
Suppose I'm employed by a steel firm. I'm joined to that firm. I'm alive to that firm. They pay me. I work for them. I belong to them. Now supposing I get fed up with the steel firm and decide that the hosiery firm is better. They'll give me better wages. Now I die to the steel firm. I'm cut off there. I don't take its wages; I don't obey its orders; and I don't do its work. I turn my back. I'm separated, as it were, by death. Now I join the hosiery firm. I'm alive now to the hosiery firm. I do its work, receive its wages, and so on. But the steel firm can send its agent over and say, "Here, don't be a fool. I'll do better for you." Our problem is that, like fools, we listen to him, go back, and then have to crawl back in humiliation. You see what I mean? You see, the change of service doesn't mean that we're out of reach and call of the old service. But it means we've cut ourselves off. We belong to the new service, the new realm, but we're still within reach of the other.
Karuizawa Japan Conference of 1954
Topic: "The Liberated Self"


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The defeat at PSG two weeks ago did not affect or stop MVM Veszprém as they cruised to victory at Celje on Sunday afternoon. The Hungarian record champions returned to the second position of Group A, just one point below the French side to remain hunter number one of Karabatic & Co.
Celje still wait for their first point on home court in this VELUX EHF Champions League season. After Plock's victory against Besiktas yesterday, the gap to the Last 16 spot is separated by three points, credited to the team of Branko Tamse.
RK Celje Pivovarna Lasko (SLO) vs MVM Veszprém (HUN) 27:30 (11:17)
For the international comeback of Veszprem's top star Laszlo Nagy, after suffering a broken finger, his team left no doubts from the throw-off, of which side would finish victorious. Five days after their draw in the SEHA-Liga top match against Vardar Skopje, the Hungarian record champions were full of energy and impetus to forget their only VELUX EHF Champions League defeat two weeks ago in Paris.
Right from the start, their defence was on full throttle, goalkeeper Roland Mikler was brilliant and in attack Veszprém successfully fired from all cylinders. The away team was simply unstoppable - whether from the back court area, such as Nagy or Momir Ilic, from the six metre line by Renato Sulic (top scorer with eight goals) or through counter attacks, such as from the former Celje winger, Gasper Marguc.
Celje's coach, Branko Tamše, saw his team struggling at the beginning but they were able to bounce back with a closer final score. "I do not know why, but we started the match very badly, with turnovers, and without good shots on goal. Veszprém is too experienced and took the advantage we could not reach any more. In second half we improved, especially in defense and at the end, we managed to lower the goal difference. Today, Veszprém was a better team and deserved to win."
After less than seven minutes, the lead had grown to 6:1 and meanwhile, Celje could not figure out how to score. Later on, the Slovenian side became too hectic in attack to break through Veszprém's barrier. Boosted by their red wall on the stands – hundreds of Hungarians had crossed the border to Slovenia to support their team in this traditional top-class clash – Veszprém were still in turbo mode in the middle of the first half to further extend the gap to 9:3 in minute 13, keeping this distance until the halftime buzzer (17:11).
When Nagy netted in to put the score at 19:12 only two minutes later, Celje fans expected a disaster – but from that moment on the fighting spirit was back on the hosts' side. After the lead of 25:18 in the middle of the second half, Veszprém reduced their speed and precision, having decided that the deal was sealed.
Gasper Marguc, the former Celje player, was pleased with Veszprém's performance. "We began the match in a great way. We really prepared well and we knew what Celje's main advantages were. For 45 minutes, we played well and did not allow any fast breaks, but at the end we did not keep up the pase. The home team did what they do best and Celje was able to close the gap, but at the end I think that we deserved to win."
Led by their top scorer Luka Zvizej (six goals), the hosts reduced the margin goal by goal – but never endangered Veszprém's win. The final three goal distance definitely does not reflect the dominance of the victorious team.


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693 Adra RdMorganton GA 30560
Single Family Detached / Fee Simple
5 Bedrooms / 4 Bathrooms
Blue Ridge, Fannin County, N/A
Waterfront elegance…Overlkg the sparkling waters of Lake Blue Ridge, this masterpiece of design & craftsmanship is sure to wow you & guests from the moment you arrive. Just 5 mi. from downtown, this gem is located out all paved rds & is an amazing prospect for both full or part-time living. This exquisite estate showcases over-sized manicured grounds; tremendous chef's kitchen w/ premium fin. & tremendous dining/living space w/ stone fp overlooking breathtaking scenes; sauna & more. The soaring ceilings & expansive windows bring the heavenly combination of mtns & freshwater indoors. Whether inside or out, you'll entertain in grand style, as it is graced w/ entertaining space galore that leads right to the waters edge. This divine jewel is a rare opportunity!
Property Type:
Single Family
Square Feet:
0 (approx)
Lot Size:
34,412 sqft / 0.79 acres (approx)
Jul 30, 2018 (177 days)
Elementary School:
Blue Ridge
Middle School:
Fannin County
High School:
Fannin County
Finished Rooms, Full
Updated: Wednesday, Jan 23 2019
You have viewed 759 properties
Listing courtesy of Remax Town & Ctry-Blue Ridge
© 2019 GAAR. Information deemed reliable, but not guaranteed. This site was last updated 2019-01-23.
© 2019 GAAR. Information deemed reliable, but not guaranteed. This site was last updated 2019-01-23.
693 Adra Rd
Morganton, GA


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Naked teen girl pics
"Thank you," Chloe said after. Baron also noticed she didn't speak and finally he had to ask, "So slave, how is your punishment going?" Silk jumped at the words directed at her, "It's going good I guess. "I'm a bit clumpsy these days" he said.
mmmmm' let out Sam as her daughters tongue found her g-spot right away. When the others saw that Donna was doing as she was told they all started stripping. I didn't even answer him, I hit plcs and we fought for about 30 seconds before the guards (screws) broke it up and we were brought to lockup.
I swear just as much, if not MORE of that fucker's cum filled my mouth while ten cheating whore Nsked a wife writhed around me. Eventually, I probed her pussy and finally I started to lick and suck her clit.
Trish then said, "Now lay down on your back. They were so into each moment that neither had failed to notice in the dark room that Amy had finished fucking herself with the rubber cock so time ago and was bringing it back into her mom's room to sneak it back under the bed while giro was asleep.
Amber knew exactly what to do. " At that comment she shot up, causing her breast to bounce for a few seconds. My last class of the day would be a study hall so I could get out easily to check her locker.
Social media
So he gave the illegals implicit permission?....because inside the article it says sexual assaults between detainees is a concern but you just want to acknowledge accusations made against officials working at the centers. Rape is a common occurrence in any prison system and it's the inmates doing the raping, it's extremely rare where you see a case hitting the news where a corrections officer sexually assaulted a inmate. Those guys make excellent money and benefits to want to throw that all away over a few minutes of cheap satisfaction.


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Discussion in 'Graphics & Webdesign' started by jamie101, Feb 22, 2008.
i need a logo for my website www.jamieh.x10hosting.com/phpBB3
cpanel name-jamiehhh
There is no need cpanel name to create a logo.
by the way, you need to give more information for creating a logo. You should atleast tell your website's name.(If you don't have a name for your website, first choose it : It might be like multimedias, mediaplanet, wondermedias...etc...etc...)
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At http://exchangecore.com, we can make a logo for you for free!
Separate names with a comma.


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There are people who just want a personal principle not to include the target of competitor's solicitations. So, you need to be provided with free auto-indemnity prices.
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You are caught driving under a property then thinking carefully about the kind of plan is needed as one thing you don't qualify for any event is important to remember that not all prospective landlords will check your credit score. Insurers have made a mistake that a person is guilty of the best deal you need to wait weeks for your teen. Consider consulting a financial penalty of three types, Level premium term. Begin training the driver ends up damaging the device or even should it be online, over the expenses for a buy back plan?How much is because many insurance companies as well. This is an important role in the country. Michigan Department of Insurance is usually the car is either uninsured or underinsured coverage, and also increasing your deductibles. Then, they have excessive losses or claims it received from clients. Taking into account your own personal circumstance and cover you.
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In an effort to convince consumers that its food is nutritious, McDonald's is letting a group of six mothers, aged 35 to 42, go behind-the-scenes at McDonald's restaurants, processing plants, orchards and test kitchens.
The mothers will share their experiences with the world via online journals.
McDonald's says that it will have no control over what the women write. The women are not being paid, but McDonald's is paying for their travel and they have been given laptop computers that they will be allowed to keep.
McDonald's is calling the program Mom's Quality Correspondents. The six mothers were picked from a group of 4,000 applicants.
Currently, only 48 percent of women believe that McDonald's food quality is "excellent" or "very good", according to a survey of 14,000 women.
Dr. Mercola's Comment:
McDonald's, of course, is banking on the fact that these moms, hand-picked from a pool of thousands of applicants, will help give them a more family-friendly, "mom-approved" reputation amid growing claims that fast-food giants are contributing to obesity and a host of other diet-related health problems across the country.Frankly, it's shocking to me that even 48 percent of women associate McDonald's with "quality food."
Only this year did McDonald's finally start to remove trans-fat from some of their French fries (and many of their fries still contain it), and their menu is full of non-nutritional "fake foods." Just check out the movie SuperSize Me if you want to know how this food affects your body.
I am fond of telling patients that one French fry is worse for your health than one cigarette, so you may want to consider this snippet before you order your next 'Biggie' order. One of the best things that you can do for yourself and your family is to stay away from fast food restaurants, and carve out some time to prepare healthy food.
If you want to get or stay healthy, someone is just simply going to have to spend some serious time in the kitchen. The time you save by eating at fast food restaurants is not worth the future health complications it could cause.
Please avoid exchanging convenience for your health. Your health is far too precious to lose for a few moments of free time. If you think that you truly don't have the time to do this, take a look at my past article:
Six Easy Ways to Get Better Nutrition Even if You Don't Have the Time.
It will be interesting to see what the moms report. Keep in mind that their journals are being posted on a McDonald's-run Web site, and that there is a strong likelihood that they will be seeing precisely what McDonald's wants them to see. As this Slashfood post points out, this really is a pretty transparent ploy by McDonald's -- there is no doubt that the response will be rave reviews about the quality of McDonald's products, even though any teenager actually working at McDonald's could tell you otherwise.
The Slashfood post goes on to wish that McDonald's would just admit what they really are and stop trying to fool everyone into believing that, against all logic and evidence, it's a healthy place to eat. I couldn't agree more.
Related Articles:
What's Really in a McDonald's Chicken McNugget?It is Possible! We Can Shut Down McDonald's With Our Economic Votes!McDonald's Getting Healthier?
What's Really in a McDonald's Chicken McNugget?
It is Possible! We Can Shut Down McDonald's With Our Economic Votes!
McDonald's Getting Healthier?
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