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Receiver sheet
Receiver sheet
Patent Drawings:
(1 images)
Rhoades, et al.
Date Issued:
January 21, 1992
June 22, 1989
Francis; John
(Yarm, GB2)
Rhoades; Gary V.
(Stockton on Tees, GB2)
Imperial Chemical Industries PLC
(London, GB2)
Primary Examiner:
Hess; Bruce H.
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney Or Agent:
Cushman, Darby & Cushman
U.S. Class:
Field Of Search:
International Class:
U.S Patent Documents:
Foreign Patent Documents:
2116189; 2201291
Other References:
Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 12, No. 169 (M-699) (3016) May 20, 1988 and JP-A-62 282982 Nippon Telegraph and Tel . . . ..
Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 11, No. 318 (M-632) (2765) Oct. 16, 1987, and JP-A-62 101495 Nippon Kogaku . . . ..
Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 10, No. 66 (M461) (2123) Mar. 15, 1986, and JP-A-212394 Mitsubishi Kasei . . . ..
Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 9, No. 162 (M394) (1885) Jul. 6, 1985, and JP-A-60 34898 Dainippon Insatsu K.K. . . . ..
Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 9, No. 87 (372) (1810) Apr. 17, 1985, and JP-A-59 214696 Ricoh K.K. Dec. 4, 1984 . . . ..
A thermal transfer printing (TTP) receiver sheet has a substrate, dye receptive receiving layer and a release medium associated with the receiving layer, the release medium being a dye-permeable polyurethane resin which is the reaction product of(i) an organic polyisocyanate, (ii) an isocyanate-reactive polydialkylsiloxane, and (iii) a polymeric polyol.
We claim:
1. In a thermal transfer printing receiver sheet for use in association with a compatible donor sheet, the receiver sheet comprising a supporting substrate having, on at least onesurface thereof, a dye-receptive receiving layer to receive a dye thermally transferred from the donor sheet, and a release medium in or on the receiving layer, the improvement wherein the release medium comprises a dye-permeable polyurethane resin whichis the reaction product.
(i) an organic polyisocyanate
(ii) an isocyanate-reactive polydialkylsiloxane, and
(iii) a polymeric polyol.
2. A receiver sheet according to claim 1 wherein the polymeric polyol comprises a polycarbonate of formula ##STR6## wherein R is a divalent aliphatic or aromatic radical and n is an integer of from 2 to 20.
3. A receiver sheet according to either of claims 1 and 2 wherein the release medium comprises a resin of general formula IV: ##STR7## wherein: R=a divalent aliphatic and/or cyclodiphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical;
X=R.sub.1 or R.sub.2,
R.sub.1 =a polycarbonate, polyester or polyether group,
R.sub.2 =a silicone chain of molecular weight from 500 to 3000,
R.sub.3 =divalent aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical,
R.sub.4 =divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, optionally containing a carboxyl group,
n and m are integers of from 1 to 20, and
o and p are integers of from 0 to 20.
4. A receiver sheet according to claim 1 wherein the release medium additionally comprises a polyfunctional active halogen-containing chain extender.
5. A receiver sheet according to claim 1 wherein the release medium additionally comprises a particulate adjuvant.
6. A receiver sheet according to claim 1 wherein the adjuvant comprises particles of a metal-or metalloied-oxide.
7. A receiver sheet according to claim 1 wherein the substrate contains an effective amount of a voiding agent comprising an incompatible resin filler or a particulate inorganic filler.
8. A receiver sheet according to claim 7 wherein the filler comprises barium sulphate.
9. A receiver sheet according to claim 1 wherein the dye-receptive layer comprises a copolyester.
10. A receiver sheet according to claim 1 wherein the release medium comprises a release layer on at least part of the surface of the receiving layer remote from the substrate.
11. In a method of producing a thermal transfer printing receiver sheet for use in association with a compatible donor sheet, comprising forming a supporting substrate having, on at least one surface thereof, a dye-receptive receiving layer toreceive a dye thermally transferred from the donor sheet, and including, in or on the receiving layer, a release medium, the improvement which comprises using, as the release medium, one which comprises a dye-permeable polyurethane resin which is thereaction product of:
(i) an organic polyisocyanate
(ii) an isocyanate-reactive polydialkylsiloxane, and
(iii) a polymeric polyol.
12. A method according to claim 11 comprising applying the release medium to form a discrete release layer on at least part of the surface of the receiving layer remote from the substrate.
a) Technical Field of Invention
This invention relates to thermal transfer printing and, in particular, to a thermal transfer printing receiver sheet for use with an associated donor sheet.
b) Background of the Art
Currently available thermal transfer printing (TTP) techniques generally involve the generation of an image on a receiver sheet by thermal transfer of an imaging medium from an associated donar sheet. The donor sheet typically comprises asupporting substrate of paper, synthetic paper or a polymeric film material coated with a transfer layer comprising a sublimable dye incorporated in an ink medium usually comprising a wax and/or a polymeric resin binder. The associated receiver sheetusually comprises a supporting substrate, of a similar material, having on a surface thereof a dye-receptive, polymeric receiving layer. When an assembly, comprising a donor and a receiver sheet positioned with the respective transfer and receivinglayers in contact, is selectively heated in a patterned area derived, for example--from an information signal, such as a television signal, dye is transferred from the donor sheet to the dye-receptive layer of the receiver sheet to form therein amonochrome image of the specified pattern. By repeating the process with different monochrome dyes, a full coloured image is produced on the receiver sheet.
To facilitate separation of the imaged sheet from the heated assembly, at least one of the transfer layer and receiving layer may be associated with a release medium, such as a silicone oil.
At the printing or transfer stage in a typical TTP operation both the transfer layer and the receiving layer are likely to be in a molten state, and there is a tendency for the donor sheet to become thermally bonded to the receiver sheet. Suchbonding may induce wrinkling or even rupture of the donor sheet when separation thereof from the imaged receiver sheet is attempted. In certain circumstances, total transfer of the dye-containing transfer layer to the receiver sheet may occur, so thatthe donor sheet is effectively destroyed and portions thereof become firmly adhered to the processed receiver sheet. To avoid such undesirable behaviour, the release medium is required to promote relative movement between the donor sheet and thereceiver sheet to permit easy separation of one from the other. However, advancement of the donor sheet, relative to the print-head, in register with the receiver sheet usually depends up frictional engagement between the donor sheet and the receiversheet, the latter being mounted on a forwardly displaceable roll or platen. Inadequate bonding between the respective sheets tends to result in loss of registration, and the generation of a poorly defined image. The release medium must therefore alsopromote frictional bonding between the donor and receiver sheets, and is thus required to satisfy two apparently conflicting criteria.
The commercial success of a TTP system depends, inter alia, on the development of an image having adequate intensity, contrast and definition. Optical Density of the image is therefore an important criterion, but unfortunately, the presence of arelease medium may inhibit migration of the dye into the receiving layer, thereby reducing the optical density of the resultant image. The problem of inadequate optical-density is particularly acute if the release medium is modified in any way such thatit constitutes a barrier to migration of dye from the donor to the receiver sheet--for example, when the release medium is substantially cross-linked. Likewise, inclusion in the release medium of extraneous materials likely further to inhibit dyemigration is undesirable.
Although the intense, localised heating required to effect development of a sharp image may be applied by various techniques, including laser beam imaging, a convenient and widely employed technique of thermal printing involves a thermalprint-head, for example, of the dot matrix variety in which each dot is represented by an independent heating element (electronically controlled, if desired). A problem associated with such a contact print-head is the deformation of the receiver sheetresulting from pressure of the respective elements on the heated, softened assembly. This deformation manifests itself as a reduction in the surface gloss of the receiver sheet, and is particularly significant in receiver sheets the surface of which isinitially smooth and glossy, ie of the kind which is in demand in the production of high quality art-work. A further problem associated with pressure deformation is the phenomenon of "strike-through" in which an impression of the image is observed onthe rear surface of the receiver sheet, ie the free surface of the substrate remote from the receiving layer.
The Prior Art
Various receiver sheets have been proposed for use in TTP processes. For example, EP-A-0133012 discloses a heat transferable sheet having a substrate and an image-receiving layer thereon, a dye-permeable releasing agent, such as silicone oil,being present either in the image-receiving layer or as a release layer on at least part of the image receiving layer. Materials identified for use in the substrate include condenser paper, glassine paper, parchment paper, or a flexible thin sheet of apaper or plastics film (including polyethylene terephthalate) having a high degree of sizing, although the exemplified substrate material is primarily a synthetic paper--believed to be based on a propylene polymer. The thickness of the substrate isordinarily of the order of 3 to 50 .mu.m. The image-receiving layer may be based on a resin having an ester, urethane, amide, urea, or highly polar linkage.
Related European patent application EP-A-0133011 discloses a heat transferable sheet based on similar substrate and imaging layer materials save that the exposed surface of the receptive layer comprises first and second regions respectivelycomprising (a) a synthetic resin having a glass transition temperature of from -100.degree. to 20.degree. C. and having a polar group, and (b) a synthetic resin having a glass transition temperature at 40.degree. C. or above. The receptive layer mayhave a thickness of from 3 to 50 .mu.m when used in conjunction with a substrate layer, or from 60 to 200 .mu.m when used independently.
As hereinbefore described, problems associated with commercially available TTP receiver sheets include inadequate intensity and contrast of the developed image, reduction in gloss of the imaged sheet, strike-through of the image to the rearsurface of the sheet, and difficulty in maintaining register during the printing cycle. In addition, release media, such as polysiloxane resins, tend to be volatile and therefore lose integrity, at the relatively high temperatures encountered during (1)conventional heat-setting operations to improve dimensional stability of oriented polymeric substrates or (2) the transfer printing operation.
We have now devised a receiver sheet for use in a TTP process which overcomes or substantially eliminates the aforementioned defects.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a thermal transfer printing receiver sheet for use in association with a compatible donor sheet, the receiver sheet comprising a supporting substrate having, on at least one surface thereof, adye-receptive receiving layer to receive a dye thermally transferred from the donor sheet, and a release medium associated with the receiving layer, wherein the release medium comprises a dye-permeable polyurethane resin which is the reaction product of:
i) an organic polyisocyanate,
ii) an isocyanate-reactive polydialkylsiloxane, and
iii) a polymeric polyol.
The invention also provides a method of producing thermal transfer printing receiver sheet for use in association with a compatible donor sheet, comprising forming a supporting substrate having, on at least one surface thereof, a dye-receptivereceiving layer to receive a dye thermally transferred from the donor sheet, and providing the receiving layer with a release medium, wherein the release medium comprises a dye-permeable polyurethane resin which is the reaction product of:
i) an organic polyisocyanate,
ii) an isocyanate-reactive polydialkylsiloxane, and
iii) a polymeric polyol.
In the context of the invention the following terms are to be understood as having the meanings hereto assigned:
sheet: includes not only a single, individual sheet, but also a continuous web or ribbon-like structure capable of being sub-divided into a plurality of individual sheets.
Compatible: in relation to a donor sheet, indicates that the donor sheet is impregnated with a dyestuff which is capable of migrating, under the influence of heat, into, and forming an image in, the receiving layer of a receiver sheet placed incontact therewith.
opaque: means that the substrate of the receiver sheet is substantially impermeable to visible light.
voided: indicates that the substrate of the receiver sheet comprises a cellular structure containing at least a proportion of discrete, closed cells.
film: is a self-supporting structure capable of independent existence in the absence of a supporting base.
A release medium may be present, in accordance with the invention, either within the receiving layer or, preferably, as a discrete layer on at least part of the exposed surface of the receiving layer remote from the substrate.
The release medium should be permeable to the dye transferred from the donor sheet, and comprises a silicone-urethane polymer resin as hereinafter described.
The organic polyisocyanate component of the polyurethane release medium may be an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic polyisocyanate. Examples of suitable polyisocyanates include ethylene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylenediisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1,4-diisocyanate, 4-4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, p-xylylene diisocyanate, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate,2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate and 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate. Mixtures of polyisocyanates may be used and also polyisocyanates which have been modified by the introduction of urethane, allophanate, urea,biuret, carbodiimide, uretonimine or isocyanurate residues.
The isocyanate-reactive polydialkylsiloxane may be mono-functional, but conveniently comprises at least two isocyanate-reactive groups.
Polydialkylsiloxanes in which the alkyl group contains from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, particularly a methyl group, and having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups are known. These include polydimethylsiloxanes having two or more reactive groupsselected from hydroxy, mercapto, primary amino, secondary amino and carboxy groups. The polydialkylsiloxane may be linear, for example a diol having a hydroxy group at each end, or it may be branched, having three or more isocyanate-reactive groupswhich may be situated at the various ends of the molecule or may all be located at one end.
Examples of suitable polydimethylsiloxanes include diols of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: n is an integer from 0 to 100, preferably from 1 to 50, and more preferably from 10 to 20, and
R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 which may be the same or different are
X is --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --and/or ##STR2## and y is an integer of from 2 to 12, preferably 2 to 4, and more preferably 3, and
z is an integer of from 0 to 25, preferably 5 to 15, and more preferably 11 or 12;
and triols of the formula: ##STR3## wherein y is an integer from 40 to 150, particularly from 50 to 75.
The polymeric polyol component of the release medium may be a member of any of the chemical classes of polymeric polyols used or proposed to be used in polyurethane formulations. For example, the polymeric polyol may be a polyester,polyesteramide, polyether, polythioether, polyacetal or polyolefin, but preferably a polycarbonate--which has a relatively high glass transition temperature (Tg.apprxeq.140.degree. C.) and confers desirable hardness to the release medium.
Polycarbonates are essentially thermoplastics polyesters of carbonic acid with aliphatic or aromatic dihydroxy compounds and may be represented by the general structural formula: ##STR4## wherein R is a divalent aliphatic or aromatic radical andn is an integer of from 2 to 20. They may be prepared by conventional procedures, such as transesterification of a diester of carbonic acid with an aliphatic or aromatic dihydroxy compound or with mixed aliphatic or aromatic dihydroxy compounds. Typical reactants may comprise 2,2-(4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl)-propane, commonly known as bisphenol A, 1,1-isopropylidene-bis-(p-phenyleneoxy-2-ethanol), commonly known as ethoxylated bisphenol A, or 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol.
Preferably, the molecular weight of the polymeric polyol is from 700 to 3000.
If desired, the polyurethane release medium may also comprise one or more compounds containing a plurality of isocyanate-reactive groups. A suitable additional isocyanate-reactive compound comprises an organic polyol, particularly a short chainaliphatic diol or triol, or mixture thereof, having a molecular weight in the range of 62 to 6000 and being free from silicon atoms. An organic diamine, particularly an aliphatic diamine, may also be included either independently or together with theorganic polyol.
A typical release medium in accordance with the invention thus comprises a urethane-silicone polymer including a structure of formula IV: ##STR5## wherein: R=a divalent aliphatic and/or cyclodiphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical;
X=R.sub.1 or R.sub.2,
R.sub.1 =a polycarbonate, polyester or polyether group,
R.sub.2 =a silicone chain of molecular weight from 500 to 3000,
R.sub.3 =divalent aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical,
R.sub.4 =divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, optionally containing a carboxyl group,
n and m are integers of from 1 to 20,
o and p are integers of from 0 to 20.
If desired, a catalyst for urethane formation, such as dibutyltin dilaurate and/or stannous octoate may be used to assist formation of the release medium, and a non-reactive solvent may be added before or after formation of the medium to controlviscosity. Suitably non-reactive solvents which may be used include acetone, methylethylketone, dimethylformamide, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diglyme, N-methylpyrrolidone, ethyl acetate, ethylene and propylene glycol diacetates, alkylethers of ethylene and propylene glycol monoacetates, toluene, xylene and sterically hindered alcohols such as t-butanol and diacetone alcohol. The preferred solvents are water-miscible solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulphoxide anddialkyl ethers of glycol acetates or mixtures of N-methylpyrrolidone and methyl ethyl ketone. Other suitable solvents include vinyl monomers which are subsequently polymerised.
The polyurethane resins of the invention are water dispersible, and a release medium comprising an aqueous polyurethane dispersion may be prepared by dispersing the water dispersible, polyurethane resin in an aqueous medium, preferably in thepresence of an effective amount of a polyfunctional active hydrogen-containing chain extender.
The resin may be dispersed in water using techniques well known in the art. Preferably, the resin is added to the water with agitation or, alternatively, water may be stirred into the resin.
The polyfunctional acitve hydrogen-containing chain extender, if employed, is preferably water-soluble, and water itself may be effective. Other suitable extenders include a polyol, an amino alcohol, ammonia, a primary or secondary aliphatic,alicyclic, aromatic, araliphatic or heterocyclic amine especially a diamine, hydrazine or a substituted hydrazine.
Examples of suitable chain extenders useful herein include ethylene diamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, propylene diamine, butylene diamine, hexamethylene diamine, cyclohexylene diamine, piperazine, 2-methyl piperazine, phenylenediamine, tolylene diamine, xylylene diamine, tris (2-aminoethyl) amine, 3,3'-dinitrobenzidine, 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline), 3,3'-dichlor-4,4'bi-phenyl diamine, 2,6-diaminopyridine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, mentane diamine, m-xylene diamine,isophorone diamine, and adducts of diethylene triamine with acrylate or its hydrolyzed products. Also materials such as hydrazine, azines such as acetone azine, substituted hydrazines such as, for example, dimethyl hydrazine,1,6-hexamethylene-bis-hydrazine, carbodihydrazine, hydrazides of dicarboxylic acids and sulfonic acids such as adipic acid mono- or dihydrazide, oxalic acid dihydrazide, isophthalic acid dihydrazide, tartaric acid dihydrazide, 1,3-phenylene disulfonicacid dihydrazide, omega-amino-caproic acid dihydrazide, hydrazides made by reacting lactones with hydrazines such as gamma-hydroxylbutyric hydrazide, bis-semi-carbazide, bis-hydrazide carbonic esters of glycols such as any of the glycols mentioned above.
Where the chain extender is other than water, for example a diamine or hydrazine, it may be added to the aqueous dispersion of polyurethane resin or, alternatively, it may already be present in the aqueous medium when the resin is dispersedtherein.
Desirably, the polyfunctional chain extender should be capable of intra-molecular cross-linking, to improve durability and resistance to colvents. Suitable resinous intra-molecular cross-linking agents comprise epoxy resins, alkyd resins and/orcondensation products of an amine, eg melamine, diazine, urea, cyclic ethylene urea, cyclic propylene urea, thiourea, cyclic ethylene thiourea, alkyl melamines, aryl melamines, benzo guanamines, guanamines, alkyl guanamines and aryl guanamines with analdehyde, e.g. formaldehyde. A useful condensation product is that of melamine with formaldehyde. The condensation product may optionally be partially or totally alkoxylated, the alkoxy group preferably being of low molecular weight, such as methoxy,ethoxy, n-butoxy or iso-butoxy. A hexamethoxymethyl melamine condensate is particularly suitable. Another particularly suitable cross-linking agent is polyaziridine.
Such polyfunctional extenders preferably exhibit at least trifunctionality (i.e., three functional groups) to promote inter-molecular cross-linking with the functional groups present in the polyurethane resin and improve adhesion of the releasemedium layer to the receiving layer.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the release medium comprises a chain extender and a cross-linking agent.
The chain extension may be conducted at elevated, reduced or ambient temperatures. Convenient temperatures are from about 5.degree. to 95.degree. C. or more, preferably from about 10.degree. to about 45.degree. C.
The amount of chain extender employed should be approximately equivalent to the free-NCO groups in the resin, the ratio of active hydrogens in the chain extender to NCO groups in the resin preferably being in the range from 1.0 to 2.0:1.
A catalyst is preferably introduced into the release medium to accelerate the intra-molecular cross-linking action of the resinuous cross-linking agent and also to accelerate its inter-molecular cross-linking action with cross-linkable functionalgroups in the polyurethane resin. Preferred catalysts for cross-linking melamine formaldehyde include ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammonium thiocyanate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, para toluene sulphonic acid,sulphuric acid, maleic acid stabilised by reaction with a base, ammonium para toluene sulphonate and morpholinium para toluene sulphonate.
The release medium may, if desired, additionally comprise a particulate adjuvant. Suitably, the adjuvant comprises an organic or an inorganic particulate material having an average particle size not exceeding 0.75 .mu.m and being thermallystable at the temperatures encountered during the TTP operation. For example, during the transfer operation the receiving layer may encounter temperatures of up to about 290.degree. C. for a period of the order of a few milliseconds (ms). Desirably,therefore, the adjuvant is thermally stable on exposure to a temperature of 290.degree. C. for a period of up to 50 ms. Because of the brief exposure time to elevated temperatures the adjuvant may comprise a material having a nominal melting orsoftening temperature of less than 290.degree. C. For example, the adjuvant may comprise a particulate organic material, especially a polymeric material such as a polyolefin, polyamide or an acrylic or methacrylic polymer. Polymethlmethacrylate(crystalline melting temperature: 160.degree. C.) is suitable. Preferably, however, the adjuvant comprises an inorganic particulate material, especially a metal-or metalloid-oxide such as alumina, titania and silica.
The amount of adjuvant required in the release medium will vary depending on the required surface characteristics, and in general will be such that the weight ratio of adjuvant to release agent will be in a range of from 0.25:1 to 2.0:1. Higheradjuvant levels tend to detract from the optical characteristics of the receiver sheet and to inhibit penetration of dye through the release medium, while lower levels are usually inadequate to confer the desired surface frictional behaviour. Preferably, the weight ratio adjuvant:release agent is in a range of from 0.5:1 to 1.5:1, and especially from 0.75:1 to 1.25:1, for example 1:1.
To confer the desired control of surface frictional characteristics the average particle size of the adjuvant should not exceed 0.75 .mu.m. Particles of greater average size also detract from the optical characteristics, such as haze, of thereceiver sheet. Desirably, the average particle size of the adjuvant is from 0.001 to 0.5 .mu.m, and preferably from 0.005 to 0.2 .mu.m.
The required frictional characteristics of the release medium will depend, inter alia, on the nature of the compatible donor sheet employed in the TTP operation, but in general satisfactory behaviour has been observed with a receiver andassociated release medium which confers a surface coefficient of static friction of from 0.075 to 0.75, and preferably from 0.1 to 0.5.
The release medium may be blended into the receiving layer in an amount up to about 50% by weight thereof, or applied to the exposed surface thereof in an appropriate solvent or dispersant and thereafter dried, for example--at temperatures offrom 100.degree. to 160.degree. C., preferably from 100.degree. to 120.degree. C., to yield a cured release layer having a dry thickness of up to about 5 .mu.m, preferably from 0.025 to 2.0 .mu.m. Application of the release medium may be effected atany convenient stage in the production of the receiver sheet. Thus, if the substrate of the receiver sheet comprises a biaxially oriented polymeric film, application of a release medium to the surface of the receiving layer may be effected off-line to apost-drawn film or as an in-line inter-draw coating applied between the forward and transverse film-drawing stages (as hereinafter described).
If desired, the release medium may additionally comprise a surfactant to promote spreading of the medium and to improve the permeability thereof to dye transferred from the donor sheet.
A release medium of the kind described yields a receiver sheet having excellent optical characteristics, devoid of surface blemishes and imperfections, which is permeable to a variety of dyes, and confers multiple, sequential releasecharacteristics whereby a receiver sheet may be successively imaged with different monochrome dyes to yield a full coloured image. In particular, register of the donor and receiver sheets is readily maintained during the TTP operation without risk ofwrinkling, rupture or other damage being sustained by the respective sheets.
The substrate of a receiver sheet according to the invention may be formed from paper, but preferably from any thermoplastics, film-forming, polymeric material. Suitable materials include a homopolymer or a copolymer of a 1-olefin, such asethylene, propylene or butene-1, a polyamide, a polycarbonate, and particularly a synthetic linear polyester which may be obtained by condensing one or more dicarboxylic acids or their lower alkyl (up to 6 carbon atoms) diesters, e.g. terephthalic acid,isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, 2,5-, 2,6- or 2,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, succinic acid, sebacic acid, adipic acid, azelaic-acid, 4,4'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid, hexahydroterephthalic acid or 1,2-bis-p-carboxyphenoxyethane (optionally with amonocarboxylic acid, such as pivalic acid) with one or more glycols, e.g. ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol. A polyethylene terephthalate film is particularly preferred, especially such afilm which has been biaxially oriented by sequential stretching in two mutually perpendicular directions, typically at a temperature in the range 70.degree. to 125.degree. C., and preferably heat set, typically at a temperature in the range 150.degree. to 250.degree. C., for example--as described in British patent 838 708.
A film substrate for a receiver sheet according to the invention may be uniaxially oriented, but is preferably biaxially oriented by drawing in two mutually perpendicular directions in the plane of the film to achieve a satisfactory combinationof mechanical and physical properties. Formation of the film may be effected by any process known in the art for producing an oriented polymeric film--for example, a tubular or flat film process.
In a tubular process simultaneous biaxial orientation may be effected by extruding a thermoplastics polymeric tube which is subsequently quenched, reheated and then expanded by internal gas pressure to induce transverse orientation, and withdrawnat a rate which will induce longitudinal orientation.
In the preferred flat film process a film-forming polymer is extruded through a slot die and rapidly quenched upon a chilled casting drum to ensure that the polymer is quenched to the amorphous state. Orientation is then effected by stretchingthe quenched extrudate in at least one direction at a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the polymer. Sequential orientation may be effected by stretching a flat, quenched extrudate firstly in one direction, usually the longitudinaldirection, i.e. the forward direction through the film stretching machine, and then in the transverse direction. Forward stretching of the extrudate is conveniently effected over a set of rotating rolls or between two pairs of nip rolls, transversestretching then being effected in a stenter apparatus. Stretching is effected to an extent determined by the nature of the film-forming polymer, for example--a polyester is usually stretched so that the dimension of the oriented polyester film is from2.5 to 4.5 its original dimension in the, or each, direction of stretching.
A stretched film may be, and preferably is, dimensionally stabilised by heat-setting under dimensional restraint at a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the film-forming polymer but below the melting temperature thereof, toinduce crystallisation of the polymer.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the receiver sheet comprises an opaque substrate. Opacity depends, inter alia, on the film thickness and filler content, but an opaque substrate film will preferably exhibit a Transmission OpticalDensity (Sakura Densitometer; type PDA 65; transmission mode) of from 0.75 to 1.75, and particularly of from 1.2 to 1.5.
A receiver sheet substrate is conveniently rendered opaque by incorporation into the film-forming synthetic polymer of an effective amount of an opacifying agent. However, in a further preferred embodiment of the invention the opaque substrateis voided, as hereinbefore defined. It is therefore preferred to incorporate into the polymer an effective amount of an agent which is capable of generating an opaque, voided substrate structure. Suitable voiding agents, which also confer opacity,include an incompatible resin filler, a particulate inorganic filler or a mixture of two or more such fillers.
By an "incompatible resin" is meant a resin which either does not melt, or which is substantially immiscible with the polymer, at the highest temperature encountered during extrusion and fabrication of the film. Such resins include polyamidesand olefin polymers, particularly a homo- or co-polymer of a mono-alpha-olefin containing up to 6 carbon atoms in its molecule, for incorporation into polyester films, or polyesters of the kind hereinbefore described for incorporation into polyolefinfilms.
Particulate inorganic fillers suitable for generating an opaque, voided substrate include conventional inorganic pigments and fillers, and particularly metal or metalloid oxides, such as alumina, silica and titania, and alkaline earth metalsalts, such as the carbonates and sulphates of calcium and barium. Barium sulphate is a particularly preferred filler which also functions as a voiding agent.
Suitable fillers may be homogeneous and consist essentially of a single filler material or compound, such as titanium dioxide or barium sulphate alone. Alternatively, at least a proportion of the filler may be heterogeneous, the primary fillermaterial being associated with an additional modifying component. For example, the primary filler particle may be treated with a surface modifier, such as a pigment, soap, surfactant, coupling agent or other modifier to promote or alter the degree towhich the filler is compatible with the substrate polymer.
Production of a substrate having satisfactory degrees of opacity, voiding and whiteness requires that the filler should be finely-divided, and the average particle size thereof is desirably from 0.1 to 10 .mu.m provided that the actual particlesize of 99.9% by number of the particles does not exceed 30 .mu.m. Preferably, the filler has an average particle size of from 0.1 to 1.0 .mu.m, and particularly preferably from 0.2 to 0.75 .mu.m. Decreasing the particle size improves the gloss of thesubstrate.
Particle sizes may be measured by electron microscope, coulter counter or sedimentation analysis and the average particle size may be determined by plotting a cumulative distribution curve representing the percentage of particles below chosenparticle sizes.
It is preferred than none of the filler particles incorporated into the film support according to this invention should have an actual particle size exceeding 30 .mu.m. Particles exceeding such a size may be removed by sieving processes whichare known in the art. However; sieving operations are not always totally successful in eliminating all particles greater than a chosen size. In practice, therefore, the size of 99.9% by number of the particles should not exceed 30 .mu.m. Mostpreferably the size of 99.9% of the particles should not exceed 20 .mu.m.
Incorporation of the opacifying/voiding agent into the polymer substrate may be effected by conventional techniques--for example, by mixing with the monomeric reactants from which the polymer is derived, or by dry blending with the polymer ingranular or chip form prior to formation of a film therefrom.
The amount of filler, particularly of barium sulphate, incorporated into the substrate polymer desirably should be not less than 5% nor exceed 50% by weight, based on the weight of the polymer. Particularly satisfactory levels of opacity andgloss are achieved when the concentration of filler is from about 8 to 30%, and especially from 15 to 20%, by weight, based on the weight of the substrate polymer.
Other additives, generally in relatively small quantities, may optionally be incorporated into the film substrate. For example, china clay may be incorporated in amounts of up to 25% to promote voiding, optical brighteners in amounts up to 1500parts per million to promote whiteness, and dyestuffs in amounts of up to 10 parts per million to modify colour, the specified concentrations being by weight, based on the weight of the substrate polymer.
Thickness of the substrate may vary depending on the envisaged application of the receiver sheet but, in general, will not exceed 250 .mu.m, and will preferably be in a range from 50 to 190 .mu.m, particularly from 145 to 180 .mu.m.
A receiver sheet having a substrate of the kind hereinbefore described offers numerous advantages including (1) a degree of whiteness and opacity essential in the production of prints having the intensity, contrast and feel of high qualityart-work, (2) a degree of rigidity and stiffness contributing to improved resistance to surface deformation and image strike-through associated with contact with the print-head and (3) a degree of stability, both thermal and chemical, conferringdimensional stability and curl-resistance.
When TTP is effected directly onto the surface of a voided substrate of the kind hereinbefore described, the optical density of the developed image tends to be low and the quality of the resultant print is generally inferior. A receiving layeris therefore required on at least one surface of the substrate, and desirably exhibits (1) a high receptivity to dye thermally transferred from a donor sheet, (2) resistance to surface deformation from contact with the thermal print-head to ensure theproduction of an acceptably glossy print, and (3) the ability to retain a stable image.
A receiving layer satisfying the aforementioned criteria comprises a dye-receptive, synthetic thermoplastics polymer. The morphology of the receiving layer may be varied depending on the required characteristics. For example, the receivingpolymer may be of an essentially amorphous nature to enhance optical density of the transferred image, essentially crystalline to reduce surface deformation, or partially amorphous/crystalline to provide an appropriate balance of characteristics.
The thickness of the receiving layer may vary over a wide range but generally will not exceed 50 .mu.m. The dry thickness of the receiving layer governs, inter alia, the optical density of the resultant image developed in a particular receivingpolymer, and preferably is within a range of from 0.5 to 25 .mu.m. In particular, it has been observed that by careful control of the receiving layer thickness to within a range of from 0.5 to 10 .mu.m, in association with an opaque/voided polymersubstrate layer of the kind herein described, a surprising and significant improvement to resistance to surface deformation is achieved, without significantly detracting from the optical density of the transferred image.
A dye-receptive polymer for use in the receiving layer, and offering adequate adhesion to the substrate layer, suitably comprises a polyester resin, particularly a copolyester resin derived from one or more dibasic aromatic carboxylic acids, suchas terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid and hexahydroterephthalic acid, and one or more glycols, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and neopentyl glycol. Typical copolyesters which provide satisfactory dye-receptivity anddeformation resistance are those of ethylene terephthalate and ethylene isophthalate, especially in the molar ratios of from 50 to 90 mole % ethylene terephthalate and correspondingly from 50 to 10 mole % ethylene isophthalate. Preferred copolyesterscomprise from 65 to 85 mole % ethylene terephthalate and from 35 to 15 mole % ethylene isophthalate especially a copolyester of about 82 mole % ethylene terephthalate and about 18 mole % ethylene isophthalate.
Formation of a receiving layer on the substrate layer may be effected by conventional techniques--for example, by casting the polymer onto a preformed substrate layer. Conveniently however, formation of a composite sheet (substrate and receivinglayer) is effected by coextrusion, either by simultaneous coextrusion of the respective film-forming layers through independent orifices of a multi-orifice die, and thereafter uniting the still molten layers, or, preferably, by single-channel coextrusionin which molten streams of the respective polymers are first united within a channel leading to a die manifold, and thereafter extruded together from the die orifice under conditions of streamline flow without intermixing thereby to produce a compositesheet.
A coextruded sheet is stretched to effect molecular orientation of the substrate, and preferably heat-set, as hereinbefore described. Generally, the conditions applied for stretching the substrate layer will induce partial crystallisation of thereceiving polymer and it is therefore preferred to heat set under dimensional restraint at a temperature selected to develop the desired morphology of the receiving layer. Thus, by effecting heat-setting at a temperature below the crystalline meltingtemperature of the receiving polymer and permitting or causing the composite to cool, the receiving polymer will remain essentially crystalline. However, by heat-setting at a temperature greater than the crystalline melting temperature of the receivingpolymer, the latter will be rendered essentially amorphous. Heat-setting of a receiver sheet comprising a polyester substrate and a copolyester receiving layer is conveniently effected at a temperature within a range of from 175.degree. to 200.degree. C. to yield a substantially crystalline receiving layer, or from 200.degree. C. to 250.degree. C. to yield an essentially amorphous receiving layer.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention a receiver sheet is rendered resistant to ultra violet (UV) radiation by incorporation of a UV stabiliser. Although the stabiliser may be present in any of the layers of the receiver sheet, it ispreferably present in the receiving layer. The stabiliser may comprise an independent additive or, preferably, a copolymerised residue in the chain of the receiving polymer. In particular, when the receiving polymer is a polyester, the polymer chainconveniently comprises a copolymerised esterification residue of an aromatic carbonyl stabiliser. Suitably, such esterification residues comprise the residue of a di(hydroxyalkoxy) coumarin--as disclosed in European Patent Publication EP-A-31202, theresidue of a 2-hydroxy-di(hydroxyalkoxy) benzophenone--as disclosed in EP-A-31203, the residue of a bis(hydroxyalkoxy)xanth-9-one--as disclosed in EP-A-6686, and, particularly preferably, a residue of a hydroxy-bis(hydroxyalkoxy)-xanth-9-one--asdisclosed in EP-A-76582. The alkoxy groups in the aforementioned stabilisers conveniently contain from 1 to 10 and preferably from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, for example--an ethoxy group. The content of esterification residue is conveniently from 0.01 to30%, and preferably from 0.05 to 10%, by weight of the total receiving polymer. A particularly preferred residue is a residue of a 1-hydroxy-3, 6-bis(hydroxyalkoxy)xanth-9-one.
The invention is illustrated by reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic elevation (not to scale) of a portion of a TTP receiver sheet 1 comprising a polymeric supporting substrate 2 having, on one surface thereof, a dye-receptive receiving layer 3 incorporating a release medium,
FIG. 2 is a similar, fragmentary schematic elevation in which the receiver sheet comprises an independent release layer 4,
FIG. 3 is a schematic, fragmentary elevation (not to scale) of a compatible TTP donor sheet 5 comprising a polymeric substrate 6 having on one surface (the front surface) thereof a transfer layer 7 comprising a sublimable dye in a resin binder,and on a second surface (the rear surface) thereof a polymeric protective layer 8,
FIG. 4 is a schematic elevation of a TTP process, and
FIG. 5 is a schematic elevation of an imaged receiver sheet.
Referring to the drawings, and in particular to FIG. 4, a TTP process is effected by assembling a donor sheet and a receiver sheet with the respective transfer layer 7 andrelease layer 4 in contact. An electrically-activated thermal print-head 9 comprising a plurality of print elements 10 (only one of which is shown) is then placed in contact with the protective layer of the donor sheet. Energisation of the print-headcauses selected individual print-elements 10 to become hot, thereby causing dye from the underlying region of the transfer layer to sublime through dye-permeable release layer 4 and into receiving layer 3 where it forms an image 11 of the heatedelement(s). The resultant imaged receiver sheet, separated from the donor sheet, is illustrated in FIG. 5 of the drawings.
By advancing the donor sheet relative to the receiver sheet, and repeating the process, a multi-colour image of the desired form may be generated in the receiving layer.
The invention is further illustrated by reference to the following Examples.
To prepare a receiver sheet, separate streams of a first polymer comprising polyethylene terephthalate containing 18% by weight, based on the weight of the polymer, of a finely-divided particulate barium sulphate filler having an average particlesize of 0.5 .mu.m and a second polymer comprising an unfilled copolyester of 82 mole % ethylene terephthalate and 18 mole % ethylene isophthalate were supplied from separate extruders to a single-channel coextrusion assembly, and extruded through afilm-forming die onto a water-cooled rotating, quenching drum to yield an amorphous cast composite extrudate. The cast extrudate was heated to a temperature of about 80.degree. C. and then stretched longitudinally at a forward draw ratio of 3.2:1. Thelongitudinally stretched film was then heated to a temperature of about 96.degree. C. and stretched transversely in a stenter oven at a draw ratio of 3.4:1. The stretched film was finally heat-set under dimensional restraint in a stenter oven at atemperature of about 225.degree. C.
The resultant sheet comprised an opaque, voided primary layer of filled polyethylene terephthalate of about 150 .mu.m thickness having on one surface thereof a receiving layer of the isophthalate-terephthalate copolymer of about 7 .mu.mthickness. By virtue of the heat-setting temperature employed, the receiving layer was of an essentially amorphous nature.
The oriented receiver sheet was then coated off-line with an aqueous dispersion of a release medium comprising:
______________________________________ Permuthane UE-41222 7.0 g Synperonic N 0.5 g (an ethoxylated nonyl phenol, supplied by ICI) Distilled Water 92.5 g ______________________________________
Permuthane UE-41222 is a polycarbonate-silicone-urethane resin supplied by Permuthane Coatings of Massachusetts, USA. The coated sheet was dried in an air oven at a temperature of 160.degree. C. for 50 seconds to provide a cured release layerof about 0.1 .mu.m thickness on the exposed surface of the receiving layer.
The printing characteristics of the receiver sheet were assessed using a donor sheet comprising a biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate substrate of about 6 .mu.m thickness having on one surface thereof a transfer layer of about 2 .mu.mthickness comprising a magenta dye in a cellulosic resin binder.
A sandwich comprising a sample of the donor and receiver sheets with the respective transfer and receiving layers in contact was placed on the rubber-covered drum of a thermal transfer printing machine and contacted with a print head comprising alinear array of pixcels spaced apart at a linear density of 6/mm. On selectively heating the pixcels in accordance with a pattern information signal to a temperature of about 350.degree. C. (power supply 0.32 watt/pixcel) for a period of 10milliseconds (ms), magenta dye was transferred from the transfer layer of the donor sheet to form a corresponding image of the heated pixcels in the receiving layer of the receiver sheet.
After stripping the transfer sheet from the receiver sheet, the band image on the latter was assessed using a Sakura Densitometer, type PDA 65, operating in the reflection mode with a green filter. The measured reflection optical density (ROD)of the inked image was 2.13.
There was no evidence of total transfer or pressure transfer onto the receiver sheet of portions of the donor sheet which therefore remained of utility for the production of further images.
This is a comparative Example not according to the invention.
The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, save that a release layer was not deposited on the receiving layer.
When tested as described in Example 1, the observed ROD of the resultant magenta image was 2.35. However, the absence of a release layer was found to increase the difficulty experienced in separating the donor sheet from the receiver sheet, andtotal transfer and pressure transfer of the dye-containing layer to the receiver sheet was observed to occur.
When imaged under identical conditions, a receiver sheet comprising a single layer of the barium sulphate-filled polyethylene terephthalate polymer (i.e. without a coextruded layer of the copolyester) formed an image having a measured ROD of 1.4.
EXAMPLES 3 to 9
The procedure of Example 1 was repeated to yield a series of receiver sheets, save that the applied release medium respectively comprised the aqueous dispersions specified in the following Table.
The printing characteristics of the receiver sheets were assessed using donor sheets as described in Example 1. Reflection optical densities by the described technique are recorded in the Table.
TABLE ______________________________________ Poly- Reflection Permuthane Synper- aziridine Distilled Optical UE-41222 onic N cross- Water Density Ex (g) (g) linker (g) (g) (magenta) ______________________________________ 3 7.5 0.5 1.591.0 2.11 4 7.5 1.0 0 91.5 2.28 5 7.5 1.0 1.5 90.0 2.27 6 10.0 0.5 0 89.5 2.12 7 10.0 0.5 2 87.5 2.12 8 10.0 1.0 0 89.5 2.21 9 10.0 1.0 2 87.0 2.16 ______________________________________
There was no evidence of either total or pressure transfer of the donor sheet to the receiver sheet.
EXAMPLES 10 to 13
The procedure of Example 1 was repeated save that the release media respectively comprised the aqueous dispersions specified in the following Table, and that these media were applied as inter-draw coatings between the longitudinal and transversefilm stretching operations.
Recorded reflection optical densities are shown in the accompanying Table.
TABLE ______________________________________ Poly- Reflection Permuthane Synper- aziridine Distilled Optical UE-41222 onic N cross- Water Density Ex (g) (g) linker (g) (g) (magenta) ______________________________________ 10 7.5 0.5 092.0 2.22 11 7.5 0.5 1.5 90.5 2.18 12 5.0 0.5 0 94.5 2.27 13 5.0 0.5 1.0 93.5 2.26 ______________________________________
Again, there was no evidence of total or pressure transfer of the donor sheet onto the receiver sheet.
* * * * *
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text:
SPEAR & JACKSON No.46 Leap-Frog Steel Back Saw - 10 inch *SOLD*
Code: 2071e
A tidy 10 inch SPEAR & JACKSON No.46 Leap-Frog steel back saw.
Marked 'SPEAR & JACKSON SHEFFIELD WARRANTED CAST STEEL' with the S&J Crown and Leap-Frog trade marks on the steel back.
Full etching on the blade.
Good beechwood handle with two brass fixings, a few knocks and scratches.
No previous owner's stamps.
The 8 inch blade is straight with all teeth (approx' 12 tpi) present and well formed. There is a small shallow indent 1 inch from the toe but this has not affected the run of teeth.
A little surface staining to the blade.
143/4 inches overall length.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Minnesota Campus Masters in Linguistics
Linguistics masters programs often offer courses including bilingualism, historical linguistics, phonology, semantics, sociolinguistics and more. Find your specialization or area of interest within this degree program.
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Areas of specialization include language acquisition (first and second), language processing, and core linguistics (phonology, syntax, semantics/pragmatics)...


text:
Profession: online teacher
Expérience d'enseignement: I have been teaching for twenty-three years and have experience in various settings. Over six years ago, I started teaching online. I also have experience teaching English online to children in China.
Intérêts: Spending time with my family, my faith, reading, writing, singing, watching movies, hiking, taking pictures of the mountains, having fun in the snow, chatting online and meeting new people
Éducation: Angelo State University
San Angelo, Texas
Bachelor's Degree in Education, minor in English
*this degree specialized in teaching young children
McLennan Community College
Waco, Texas
Associate's Degree in Performing Theatre Arts
Langues parlées: anglais (Maternel)
Vidéo de profil:


text:
5:33 pm
May 3, 2018
My new-to-me Dan Wesson 15-2 is having a problem where the cylinder is rubbing on the frame. I disassembled it completely and didn't find any missing parts. It's clearly had this problem for a while as made clear by the wear on the frame and cylinder. The ejector is screwed in tight. The cylinder will not spin freely unless the gun is at the right angle
It's rubbing on the very end of the sides of the cylinder and also on the rear of the cylinder at the small knob that sticks out of the frame. The ejector doesn't appear to be bent or damaged and the lockup ball has good pressure. The gun shoots great.
I'll have some pictures up shortly.
Thank you,
2:43 pm
January 24, 2009
9:17 pm
April 30, 2011
A few more specifics may help: front or rear of cylinder making contact with what area (s) of the frame? Constantly or at some stage of the firing cycle? Any play in the system or does it feel tight in all axis of movement?? You stated that you detail stripped the weapon, how did the crane go back together – any play or binding??
1:11 pm
May 3, 2018
There is no (very minimal/normal) play when the cylinder is locked into the frame. It's only when it's released for reloading that the rubbing occurs. The crane went back together normally.
Hopefully these photos will help somewhat. The only play is the cylinder moves fore and aft slightly when released. But the ejector is tightened together well and I assume this is normal.
2:41 pm
Dan's Club
December 5, 2008
9:18 am
Dan's Club
March 25, 2013
I think Snake-eye is probably correct. Also, and I don't know if it would contribute to the rubbing on the side of the cylinder, I think the cylinder stop has been knocked out and a replacement stop put in. That is the nub that sticks out from the frame at the rear of the cylinder. It may be rubbing against the back of the cylinder when open and pushing the cylinder against the frame. At this point the damage is done and "What difference does it make". Lol. It locks up tight, shoots well. The cylinder stop ( the little nub) getting knocked out is a design flaw that was corrected in the stainless version and then in 1986 in the blue guns. When ejecting cases do not pound on the ejector rod. If they do not come out easily I use a pencil to push them out. I think the pounding on the rod to remove stuck cases is what breaks the cylinder stop off. The same pounding may have bent the crane.
9:21 am
Dan's Club
March 25, 2013
8:59 pm
April 30, 2011
I will vote with Snake-eye that it is likely a sprung crane (Yoke) and/or ejector. Last option would be an issue with fit/position of the side plate but this looks normal in the photos. Referencing Kuhnhausen's excellent shop manual for S&W revolvers your symptoms match his example of a yolk in need of straightening. At least for a S&W this requires a special test fixture and gauge to verify and machine work to correct.
Depends on how much you are willing to invest in a fix but a homecoming to Norwitch might be the least painful route?
10:24 pm
Dan's Club
November 17, 2008
8:51 pm
May 3, 2018
Thanks for all the help. I checked the both parts of the ejector on a sheet of glass and they appear to be straight, so I'm also thinking it's a bent crane. The cylinder bump-stop is interesting, I'm surprised it's even removable. The sight screw wasn't sticking out either, but I can see how that could cause similar wear. The rubbing got a little better with some "gentle" pressure applied to the right side of the cylinder when released (probably bent something else slightly.)
Anyways this gun is a shooter for me and another 300 of my 357 reloads seems to have made the problem better. Probably not going to worry about it for now, accuracy is fantastic and I shoot and oil it enough that corrosion isn't a concern. Besides, I think a pistol pack is in my future anyways.
Thanks again for all the insight,
8:14 am
Dan's Club
March 25, 2013
2:11 pm
Dan's Club
December 5, 2008
5:18 pm
Dan's Club
March 2, 2008
Cam said
Thanks for all the help. I checked the both parts of the ejector on a sheet of glass and they appear to be straight, so I'm also thinking it's a bent crane. The cylinder bump-stop is interesting, I'm surprised it's even removable.
This was not a designed feature, and it is not a separate part. Earlier production 15-2's were prone to "breaking" out the cylinder stop.The sideplate/cylinder stop was a little fragile, the cylinder stop was eventually reinforced and more fully integrated as part of the sideplate. I super glued mine in place several times, and for many years DW listed a "service part" that they sold to folks who lost theirs. I ordered six and ended up using or giving them all away over the years.
I went to a bookstore and asked the saleswoman "Were is the Self Help Section?" She said if she told me, it would defeat the purpose.
George Carlin
11:43 pm
October 1, 2012
8:43 am
Dan's Club
March 25, 2013
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text: Every Greek organization has a minimum GPA requirement to ensure their members maintain academic success while participating in Greek Life. Many organizations even offer incentives, scholarships, and programming to help members succeed. Almost every national organization offers scholarship opportunities ranging from several hundred to several thousand dollars for brothers that are funded by each fraternity and/or their alumni.


text:
Never figured we would see Flow Formed wheels come down to this price point!
Get STRENGTH and LOW WEIGHT at a price that was Enkei territory just three years ago when Konig first licensed the technology from Enkei.
Click the links to see the deal...WITH FREE SHIPPING!
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Got some in stock today, main shipment arrives Tuesday, we have a few on shelf to ship for orders placed early today.
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text:
Social Worker, Adults TeamPermanent | Southend| Salary of £28,909 - £36153 per annumAs a social worker, you will be working within an adults team based in Southend. As the post holder of this role, you will receive a competitive salary of £28,909 - £36153 per annum.
The opportunity on offer is a full time, 11 month fixed term qualified contract. This is a great opportunity to join the Adult Services which promote the independence, inclusion and well-being of all adults with social care needs. It aims to enable people to have control over their lives and ensure improved outcomes for vulnerable people.The team are developing person-centred pathways and practice which is enabling, supportive and developing communities to become more resilient. These posts are crucial to the delivery of person-centred care assessments and supporting adults to remain as independent as possible
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text:
by Patrick Sullivan
In January, a split 9th Circuit panel shocked Indian Country with its holding in Big Lagoon Rancheria v. California that the State's failure to negotiate in good faith for a tribal-state gaming compact with the Big Lagoon Rancheria of California did not violate the Indian Gaming Regulatory of 1988 Act ("IGRA") because the lands at issue were not "Indian lands" under Carcieri. The Court held that the proposed gaming parcel was improperly accepted into trust due to the Supreme Court precedent of Carcieri v. Salazar, which held that the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 only authorizes the Government to take land into trust status for those tribes "under federal jurisdiction" as of June 18, 1934. Because IGRA only requires good-faith negotiations for gaming on Indian lands, the Ninth Circuit dismissed the good-faith suit.
The panel decision threatens a Pandora's box of litigation by opening the door to collateral Carcieri attacks on agency fee-to-trust decisions. But Big Lagoon is only the latest in a litany of decisions which threaten Indian tribes' ability to restore land.
First, the 2009 Carcieri decision placed hard limits on the ability of the Bureau of Indian Affairs ("BIA") to restore land to tribes that could not prove they were "under federal jurisdiction" as of the date upon which the Indian Regulatory Act became law in 1934. Then, the 2012 Patchak v. Salazar decision subjected BIA fee-to-trust decisions to review under the Administrative Procedure Act, expanding the litigation exposure of every new trust acceptance from the previous 30-day challenge period to the 6-year APA statute of limitations.
And now, Big Lagoon threatens to roll back all of the rights associated with trust status for post-1934 tribes even those that have held land in trust status for decades. This threat to the Indian land restoration process set off alarm bells throughout Indian Country. Big Lagoon Rancheria responded with a motion for en banc rehearing, and a flurry of amicus briefs supporting rehearing and reversal were filed. Those submitting briefs as amici included the United States Department of Justice, the National Congress of American Indians, the Navajo Nation, California Indian Legal Services, and the United South and Eastern Tribes, a coalition of 26 federally recognized Indian tribes in 12 states.
The 2-1 majority opinion was written by a visiting Judge Block from the Eastern District of New York. The panel decision is widely seen as overreaching and poorly executed, with one Native American legal writer calling Block's analysis "stunningly and thoroughly poor." The dissenting judge noted that the decision contradicted 9th Circuit precedent holding that the State could not collaterally attack the BIA's designation of trust lands years after the expiration of administrative and legal remedies.
On June 11, the Court granted the Tribe's petition for en banc review. The order granting rehearing ordered that the panel opinion should not be cited as precedent by or to any court in the 9th Circuit. In most federal appeals courts, en banc rehearing involves rehearing by the entire bench. But, because the Court is by far the largest with 29 active judges, en banc review will be performed by a randomly selected 11-judge panel.
Interestingly, IGRA's cause of action allowing Indian tribes to sue states failing to negotiate in good faith for Class III gaming compacts had been struck down by the Supreme Court in Seminole Tribe v. Florida, 517 U.S. 44 (1996), which held that the Constitution's 11th Amendment rendered states immune from federal lawsuits under IGRA. Accordingly, a state may only be subject to an IGRA action to compel it to negotiate in good faith if it has consented to such suit. However, in 1998 the voters of California passed Proposition 5, a ballot initiative which (1) required the California Governor to enter into a standard Class III compact with any tribe that was willing to accept the agreement, (2) required the California Governor to negotiate a different tribal-state compact with any tribe that wanted one, and (3) contained a waiver of 11th Amendment immunity that effectively reinstated IGRA's good faith cause of action in California.
The resolution of Big Lagoon will have major repercussions in Indian Country and beyond, as the precedent of the panel decision subjects the final decisions of the BIA, and every other federal agency, to collateral attack in litigation for years or even decades – an outcome that the federal government cannot countenance.
by Dennis J. Whittlesey
The Pueblo of Pojoaque needs a new Class III gaming compact by June 2015 in order to continue operating its casinos which are located north of Santa Fe. However, the Pueblo objected to the financial concessions being demanded by New Mexico's Governor Susana Martinez, concessions similar to those previously accepted by a number of other Pueblos in the state that also were facing the June 2015 expiration date for their compacts.
Pojoaque's refusal to make financial concessions beyond those in its current compact led to a collapse of the negotiations, with each side accusing the other of failure to negotiate in good faith. With that, Pojoaque filed suit in federal court alleging that the Governor had failed to negotiate in good faith in what appeared to be the initial step in a statutory process through which a compact could be imposed on the State. The statutory process is established by the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act at 25 U.S.C. §2710(d)(7) ("IGRA").
New Mexico responded to the federal action by moving to dismiss due to the state's 11th Amendment sovereign immunity that was not waived for the purposes of that action. Following well-established law, the federal court granted New Mexico's motion to dismiss.
The Pojoaque complaint in the federal suit strongly suggests that the tribe knew full well that the action would be dismissed for the reasons cited by the State. However, it also makes clear that Pojoaque already was invoking administrative procedures created through an Interior regulation that would impose a compact on the Tribe and State when negotiations failed. That regulation was promulgated in 1999 and is published at 25 CFR Part 291 – "Class III Gaming Procedures." While some states may not oppose the administrative process, it is significant that Texas did oppose the process and won the legal challenge. That decision was rendered in 2007 by the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals and concluded that Interior did not have legal authority to administratively impose a compact on Texas. See Texas v. United States, 497 F.3d 491 (5th Cir. 2007).
The Pojoaque dispute may soon be coming to a head. The Pueblo's Governor announced only a few days ago that the Department of the Interior has determined that his tribe is eligible for the administrative process under which the Pueblo will submit its draft compact to which the State has 60 days in which to respond. If the State proposes an alternative draft, then a mediator would select one of the two submitted drafts, with the mediator's decision subject to final Secretary approval.
Without regard to the Texas litigation in 2007, the question will certainly arise as to whether the Interior Department's "solution" to an impasse in compact negotiations is lawful. The matter almost certainly will be decided by carefully following the specific language in IGRA, just as Supreme Court Justice Elena Kagan did in the recent Bay Mills Indian Community case involving a tribal gaming facility in Michigan. And special attention will be paid to the statute's apparent requirement that no process for imposing a compact can proceed until a "[federal] court finds that the State has failed to negotiate in good faith with the Indian tribe," according to express factors specified in the law.
That states can cite sovereignty to defeat legal challenges to their failure to negotiate is settled law. See Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida, 517 U.S. 44 (1996). While the regulation in large part follows the IGRA process, it problematically ignores IGRA's predicate for invoking the subsequent administrative process that a federal court must first have adjudicated the State's failure to negotiate in good faith. Moreover, the Secretary's regulations did not resolve the potentially fatal barrier identified by the Supreme Court in Seminole Tribe that the 11th Amendment precludes any adjudication as to "good faith" by the State without consent by the State.
When Interior was drafting the regulation, there was a great deal of debate within Indian Country and the federal government about this matter. In light of this, it must be accepted that attorneys at Interior, Justice, and the National Indian Gaming Commission carefully assessed how best to confront the problem when states simply refuse to deal and then invoke state sovereign immunity to defeat the federal courts' jurisdiction to hear any legal challenge and, consequently, to render any decision as to whether the states' actions were not in good faith.
Despite the ruling in Texas v. United States, there almost certainly are good legal arguments in favor of the regulations. How the issues are resolved will be closely watched. In the meantime, the Pojoaque have about 12 months in which to secure a new compact through some process. Litigation can be time consuming, and the Pojoaque clock is ticking.
The content of this article is intended to provide a general guide to the subject matter. Specialist advice should be sought about your specific circumstances.


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Lender makes Rs 7,178-cr provisions to cover Nirav Modi-related fraud.
MUMBAI : Fraud-hit Punjab National Bank (PNB) reported a Rs 13,417 crore fourth-quarter net loss on Tuesday, the biggest ever by an Indian lender as the state-run bank booked provisions to cover a massive fraud.
In what has been dubbed the largest fraud in Indian banking history, PNB – the second-biggest state-run lender and fourth-biggest overall – disclosed in February that two jewellery groups had defrauded it of more than $2 billion, raising credit overseas from mostly other Indian banks with fake guarantees issued by rogue PNB staff.
PNB said on Tuesday it had set aside a higher-than-required Rs 7,178 crore in the three months to March 31, or half of the total Rs 14,357 crore it owes other banks for the illegal guarantees. That led to a more than tripling of its total provisions from a year earlier to Rs 20,353 crore.
The bank, which has been allowed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to spread the fraud-related provisions over four quarters, said it would set aside the remaining money over the three quarters beginning April 1.
On Monday, the bank board, following government diktat, had divested two executive directors — K V Brahmaji Rao and Sanjiv Sharan– of all financial and executive powers. The action came after CBI named them in a chargesheet filed in the Nirav Modi fraud case.
Since these two executive directors did not attend Tuesday's board meeting to consider and approve the fourth quarter financial result, so their signatures are not on the annual financial results.
The total income for the fourth quarter also declined to Rs 12,945.68 crore from Rs 14,989.33 crore in the year-ago period. The bank has witnessed deterioration in gross net performing assets (NPAs) or bad loans, which rose to 18.38 per cent of gross advances at the end of March this year, as against 12.53 per cent a year ago.Net NPAs were also soared to 11.24 per cent against 7.81 per cent year ago.
In absolute term, the gross NPA of the bank surged to Rs 86,620 crore in the fourth quarter as compared to Rs 55,370 crore in same quarter a year ago. Similarly, the net NPA also rose to Rs 48,684.29 crore from Rs 32,702 crore at the end of March 2017.
As a result, provisions for the bad loans jumped four-fold to Rs 16,202.82 crore for the quarter under review compared to Rs 4,910.39 crore parked aside in the same period a year ago.
Total provisions other than tax also increased to Rs 20,353.10 crore as against Rs 5,753.51 crore in the same quarter of the previous fiscal.
Even on operating profit basis, the bank had loss of Rs 447.38 crore in the quarter as against Rs 6,231.79 crore profit in the year-ago period.
PNB's capital ratio fell to 9.2 percent at the end of March from 11.66 percent a year ago.
"Their capital is very low, and a bank needs it to sustain growth," said Yuvraj Choudhary, an analyst at Mumbai brokerage Anand Rathi, who said PNB's reported loss was more than triple his estimate, calling it a "major concern".


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Why does my dog act like this around the baby?
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August 4th, 2010, 06:00 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: May 2009
Location: Canada
Posts: 164
Thank you everyone
I think including Simba in a night routine is a good idea, perhaps he is feeling left out (or at least still annoyed that his routine has been disrupted).
Since we need quiet to put the baby to bed, I have started to stay with the baby as he falls asleep and my husband takes him into the bedroom and plays ducky/dog bone with him (chase game he loves).
I would love to share some more pictures, but it's not easy to get them both together in one shot
This is the best I can do for now
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- City Carpet Cleaners
- Decor Blinds & Curtains
- Gutter-Vac
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- Response Electricians
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Bullet-proof plants
A list of hard to kill plants for every gardener, even those without a green thumb. [ read more ]
Say it with biscuits
A delicious way to celebrate the festive season with family and friends [ read more ]
Community gardens
come in all shapes and sizes – and you don't have to have a green thumb to join! [ read more ]


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Updating cached headers visa dating
For a web site, it is a major component in achieving high performance.On the other side, it has to be configured properly as not all resources stay identical forever: it is important to cache a resource only until it changes, not longer.Microsoft provides the SCANPST tool which will scan and repair your personal store (.pst) and offline store (.ost) files which contain the mail data for your mail accounts and profiles. My problem turned out to be caused by a corrupted meeting request in my inbox.
A browser cache holds all documents downloaded via HTTP by the user.I only found it by connecting to my inbox using when I discovered I couldn't view it from there either. I'd be interested to know if you find other solutions to this problem, particularly one that involves a tool that scans Exchange Server mailboxes.What would have been nice is to have found a tool to scan my Exchange inbox. By making use of HTTP caching, Web sites become more responsive.Caching is a technique that stores a copy of a given resource and serves it back when requested.
Since yesterday this behaviour has escalated and even with Outlook in the background, the same message will appear and interupt anything else I am working on!


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1. Re: Is my video card slowing me down?Harm Millaard Jan 18, 2013 2:29 AM (in response to yetti000)
You confuse me a bit:
Total size of hard disk(s) 1591 GB Disk partition (C:) 36 GB Free (119 GB Total) Disk partition (D:) 147 GB Free (233 GB Total) Disk partition (E:) 7 GB Free (932 GB Total) Disk partition (F:) 21 GB Free (75 GB Total) Disk partition (G:) 42 GB Free (233 GB Total)
I assume the C: drive is the Samsung SSD, D: is the 250 GB Seagate Barracuda, E: is an unmentioned 1 TB disk that is dead slow because of the fill rate. The same applies to the G: drive, which is another 250 GB drive, also dead slow.
What is the F: drive? An old 80 GB drive?
General rule: If your disks go beyond 60 - 70% fill rate, get more disk space or clean up.
Your disks are all (with the exception of C:) extremely full and suffer serious performance degradation, due to that. Your SSD is also much more filled than one would expect. Have you removed the hyberfil.sys file? For instance your Barracuda 7200.8 disk is a very old architecture and may reach a transfer rate of 80 MB/s when freshly formatted, but with a fill rate of around 65% you will have maybe 55 MB/s transfer rate. Your 1 TB drive may not achieve more than 40 MB/s. A modern Barracuda 7200.14 can easily achieve 150 MB/s.
Your very limited amount of memory, only 8 GB does not help either.
Your video card is not capable of using hardware acceleration at all, so you are locked to software MPE. Depending on your editing needs and workflow, it may slow you down by a factor X where X can be as high as 15 times.
2. Re: Is my video card slowing me down?yetti000 Jan 18, 2013 7:06 AM (in response to Harm Millaard)
Woah! I didn't notice how consumed my SSD was until you pointed it out. I just put the system together last month and only have program files on it (Drive C). There must be some massive backup files that I need to get rid of. I haven't removed the hyberfil.sys file yet - thanks for the reminder!
Drive D was only seeing consistent transfer speeds of around 6MB/s when moving footage from Drive F to Drive D - upgrading this drive is second to last on my TO-DO list just before moving to a better video card.
Drives E, F, and G are all portable drives that I forgot to mention - the 1 Tb was for movies but will soon be for old project files.
I'm thinking either the Seagate SV35 series or WD Black to replace Drive D. Western Digital's warranty is more appealing but seeing as how my Seagate drive has lasted 8 years, I'm stuck in between the two.
Anyone looking for an 8800gtx? I have one for sale
3. Re: Is my video card slowing me down?John T Smith Jan 18, 2013 8:33 AM (in response to yetti000)1 person found this helpful
>only have program files on it (Drive C).
So, you have redirected your temp files as described in http://forums.adobe.com/thread/1007934?tstart=0
4. Re: Is my video card slowing me down?yetti000 Jan 18, 2013 8:39 AM (in response to John T Smith)
Shoot, didn't even think about those temp project files caching in the program directory. I'll get on both of these items tonight and check back.
In the meantime, I just ordered a Radeon HD 7870 LE (Myst Edition). Finally, HDMI connectivity!
5. Re: Is my video card slowing me down?Harm Millaard Jan 18, 2013 9:01 AM (in response to yetti000)
Cancel that order immediately!!!
Instead get a nVidia GeForce GTX 660 or better. Around the same price, but it allows using hardware MPE, giving up to 15 times speed increases. Includes a HDMI port and can steer up to 4 monitors.
6. Re: Is my video card slowing me down?RjL190365 Jan 18, 2013 11:44 AM (in response to yetti000)1 person found this helpful
I agree with Harm, in this case. The Windows version of Premiere Pro CS6 supports CUDA only for GPU acceleration (no OpenCL support whatsoever). And no AMD Radeon GPU supports CUDA at all (Radeons support only OpenCL for application-based GPU acceleration). In other words, Adobe and AMD are on completely different pages altogether when it comes to MPE GPU acceleration in Windows.
7. Re: Is my video card slowing me down?yetti000 Jan 18, 2013 12:46 PM (in response to RjL190365)
They dropped it to shipping already but said they'd waive the restocking fee as long as the box is unopened. After further analysis, you are definitely correct and I finally accept defeat.
Anyone want to have a final say before I pull the trigger on a 2GB Galaxy GTX 670 GC (V2)?
8. Re: Is my video card slowing me down?yetti000 Jan 22, 2013 8:50 AM (in response to yetti000)
New Video card should arrive tommorrow.
Question about RAM.
Deciding between the 3:
G.Skill Ripjaws Z Series 16GB (F3-12800CL7Q-16GBZM)
Corsair Vengeance 16GB (CML16GX3M4X1600C7)
Kingston HyperX 16GB (KHX1600C9D3K4/16GX)
I remember reading somewhere that the HyperX has better overclocking capabilities.
FYI, these all have a latency of 7.
9. Re: Is my video card slowing me down?Harm Millaard Jan 22, 2013 9:11 AM (in response to yetti000)
From the codes you supplied, the Kingston appears to have CAS Latency 9. Anyway, overclocking memory on a X79 motherboard, in contrast to using XMP, boils down to changing the BCLK settings, something not for the faint of heart and it will only work up to several % points. The benefit is rather marginal and may require manual settings of the timings. For most not worth the effort.
10. Re: Is my video card slowing me down?yetti000 Jan 22, 2013 8:27 PM (in response to Harm Millaard)
Sorry about that, you are correct.
I'll probably go with the G.Skill unless otherwise opposed.
Also, just ordered one of these at their good price of $85 w/free shipping: http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16822136533


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Home : Quran Translations : Quran Search Results for 40.64:
|Your search returned 1 verse(s).
[40.64] It is Allah Who has made for you the earth as a resting place, and the sky as a canopy, and has given you shape- and made your shapes beautiful,- and has provided for you Sustenance, of things pure and good;- such is Allah your Lord. So Glory to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds!


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23 Delightful Adora Appliances : Adora Dishwasher Whine Youtube
Adora dishwasher whine youtube is one images from 23 delightful adora appliances of DIY Homes Interior photos gallery. This image has dimension 1920x1080 Pixel and File Size 106 KB, you can click the image above to see the large or full size photo. For next photo in the gallery is adora microwave control panel ebay. You are viewing image #1 of 23, you can see the complete gallery at the bottom below.
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" " I love you mom as I have never stopped. I waited for him to answer, but instead it went straight to voicemail.
The punch had me feeling pretty relaxed, but not enough to loosen my tongue. Almost like I needed to take a huge piss, and as that thrusting cock transpinqy to poke, coips, and rub my prostate I came.
I spun around and danced, my smaller breasts bouncing in the bigger cups of my roommates sexy bra. I am not a hunk, but caring and friendly person. "It's okay, baby," I say, putting my hand over hers, "Just tell me next time, yeah?" She nods shyly, relived at my reaction, before I start the car and we head home.
Here it goes, after my first publishing of my experience with a married lady, I started to receive response from many wifes, especially whose husbands are away… among them a couple has contacted me, They have introduced themselves as Pramod -36 Radika-31 married for 12yr (both not real names, but with this name they introduced) from Delhi.
Her hands moved up and down the base of my shaft as her mouth bobbed up and down.
Share in a social network
A covenant... sealed in WINE! ... I mean a covenant.... sealed in BLOOD! yes BLOOD!


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The Basic Principles Of C++ assignment help
(Uncomplicated) An assignment operator should really return T& to help chaining, not choices like const T& which interfere with composability and Placing objects in containers.
The intent of "just" looping more than the elements of v isn't expressed right here. The implementation depth of an index is uncovered (in order that it would be misused), and i outlives the scope of the loop, which might or might not be meant. The reader simply cannot know from just this area of code.
Typically, cleaner code yields superior general performance with exceptions (simplifying the tracing of paths by means of the program and their optimization).
Now the compiler cannot even basically detect a used-prior to-established. More, we've introduced complexity in the state Area for widget: which operations are valid on an uninit widget and which are not?
any array; this isn't the situation with int, as an example. The sizeof operator can be utilized to quickly compute the
However, it is vital to note that C++ is additionally greatly employed such as in device motorists, application software, amusement application, and more. Your C++ homework is going to take a look at your power to use this multi-paradigm language and device code.
The 1st of both of these disorders forbids expressions like foo(x=two, ++x). The second affliction forbids expressions like
SF.1: Use a .cpp suffix for code files and .h for interface documents In case your project doesn't currently abide by Yet another Conference
For some code, even the distinction between stack allocation and cost-free-store allocation doesn't subject, although the comfort and security of vector does.
The gsl::string_span is a recent substitute presenting almost all of the benefits of std::string_view for simple examples:
which make the content usage of by far the most mistake-inclined characteristics of C++ redundant, making sure that they can be banned (inside our list of regulations).
File.52: Choose capturing by reference in click here now lambdas that will be applied domestically, which includes handed to algorithms
People dealing with code for which that big difference matters are pretty able of selecting concerning array and vector.
That's about one million redundant checks (but since The solution is basically generally the same, the computer's department predictor will guess appropriate effectively each and every time).


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Before and After School Care Programs Centreville - An Overview
FCPS took more than the schooling of scholars with mental disabilities from a parent-arranged cooperative in 1953. The mother and father had begun This system in 1950, working with no matter what Area may be discovered to coach their children, but at some point asked FCPS to acquire Charge of This system.[66]
Children approximately 18 qualify for Medicaid If they're in a very family earning 141 % in the federal poverty amount. The two programs are combined in stats cited all through this story.
Registration sorts are only accessible to be picked up from the YMCA application, located in the school. To make certain registration packages are offered you should Get hold of the Director or On-Web-site Supervisor to rearrange a time to pick up a registration type. Watch our Little one Care Listing underneath for Make contact with information and facts:
Peterson knows these troubles perfectly, but she objects to people viewing the area as hopeless. "The Black Belt is just a great deal of in need to have.
The nozzles, that have a narrow and a large conclusion, are often designed with 15-diploma 50 %-angles, a measurement that had become a sort of engineering "rule of thumb," Eleanor claimed. Eleanor wondered if there may very well be an even better 50 %-angle, if a nozzle that had a proportionally broader or narrower close would make much better thrust.
But after the Supreme Court docket ruled that states could opt for irrespective of whether to broaden Medicaid, Alabama, like almost all of the Black Belt states,two explained no thanks. The end result has long been considerably less aid with the federal governing administration for uninsured patients, a lot of whom would qualify for Medicaid beneath the growth.
Peterson likes to admit the help she bought in the course of her quest to become a physician. Her extraordinary résumé masks the deeply rooted problems she encountered developing up. Her parents had been lecturers, which gave her family members economical security, however the mainly segregated public schools she attended experienced minor in the way of supplies or technologies. She had some wonderful instructors, like a chemistry Trainer who Peterson credits with her really like of science, but she a knockout post was stunned by what her classmates now knew when she reached college or university.
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I've been a full-time nanny for the 7-year-outdated boy, a live-in nanny to get a five-calendar year-old Female and 9-year-aged boy, and this earlier yr I used to be juggling Performing often with four different family members with Children ages two-7. I'm mainly aiming to do date evening sitting down Work opportunities as I am at present implementing for Work associated with my field and leaving my times open for submitting programs, scheduling interviews, and hopefully faster rather than later commencing a task!
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In 2008, a guardian group raised concerns about whether or not the FCPS way of computing grades and implementing weights for Highly developed courses was adversely impacting FCPS applicants for school admissions, honors program placements, and benefit-centered scholarship awards.
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Sign-out your child each evening around the dad or mum indication-out board and Allow a Trainer know you are leaving.


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December 23rd, 2018
Speaker: Daisuke Takaragi
Japanese Church Message
Meeting TimeSundays 2:00pm
(Worship / Message)
WhereSURF CITY CHURCH 2F
Googe Map Here
English Service4th Sunday of Month
All are welcome
Contact UsEmail us here
in English or Japanese
Gold Coast Japanese Church
About our Church
The Gold Coast Japanese Church is a non-denominational church, based on Australia's Gold Coast. We meet every Sunday at 2:00 in the Surf City Church Small auditorium on the 2F of the Surf City Building.
There is also a prayer meeting during the week every Wednesday.
Usually the last Sunday of each month is a combined English / Japanese service. Please contact us to confirm if you are thinking of attending the English service as sometimes this may change due to special events.
Click here for Google Map Directions


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Aukey is like Anker only in the mobile accessories department. A lot of their other products are rebranded generic items. I own Aukey cables, but some of their chargers really interest me.
This one is an EDC for me for when I'm moving a lot on a long day or overnight when I expect to have access to mains sockets through the day.
Why I like it
Anker just don't anything like it. Everything Anker is basically huge in comparison with more Wattage.
So I just ordered the Powercore Fusion 5000 and guess what, it will replace likely the Powercore Slim 5000 and still sit with the Aukey so then I got 2 chargers, and if the mains sockets is constrained (narrow, or loose) the Aukey will be charging Anker.
I'm not sure I want Anker to make an equivalent, if they did it would need to be (somehow) better.
I like the Aukey mini wall socket with the folding plug. I just wish there was something similar w/ QC capability.
There probably is but QC chargers from Anker are physically bigger than Anker non-QC chargers so I expect you'd ruin its smallness. It isn't really about being quick charging, its more about opportunistically power when you happen to be near mains and often its places like in desks or airline under-seat which all struggle with anything big or heavy. The Aukey one is only 12W. But in the example of a flight you're usually in a seat for more than hour so that usually fully charges a phone anyway.
I think anker is a better brand for chargers. Here is a great resource for this enter link description here showing a comparison between the 2 brands
Thanks for sharing this, I think we all have our strengths in different aspects.
Any chance of you releasing something like that 2 port, 12 watt Aukey Charger? It's perfect for overnight trips when all you're brining is an iPhone and an Apple Watch. The Apple Watch draws a max of .35 amps so it's perfect for getting a quick charge for both devices at a very compact size.
I realize the PowerPort II isn't that big but that Aukey is even better for things like small purses where you can just leave it in there all the time with a 4 inch Anker lightning cable and one of these: https://www.amazon.com/Charging-Module-Portable-Magnetic-Travel/dp/B07CLCNXC4
I would avoid buying aukey stuff as they are very bad quality there power bank I have and solar light and I regretted buying them got rid of them Anker all the way
No, we have our own suppliers.
I also like the Aukey 12W 2 port and carry it as a spare backup, it does get hot though so I figured it would fry so its backup not primary. Primary is Anker 24W or 40W.
Anker does make a "lite" version in UK, which if they made with a swappable UK, US, EU plug would get my money.
I had a power bank aukey of 20100 mAh (model PBN 57) was very big and heavy. I did not like it very much because I found it uncomfortable to take it with me. Then I had the power bank of anker (the powercore 20100 mAh) much smaller, and a little lighter, with even better appearance. finally I opted for anker!
Thank you..
I have a aukey powerbank whilst heavy it has served me very well over the last 12-18 months no quality issues. I also have a few Anker chargers for the car and multi charger and both have been good. They seem very similar to me interms of products offered and quality so much so I mix them up!
I had an Aukey power bank once... It always heated up, and I eventually just started using it as a hand warmer.
Note- I did use it as a hand warmer. It died. Long live Anker!
I've looked at aukey on amazon as well. The tech specs for their products looks very similar to Anker, but their designs look very boxy. Anker has more curve appeal. Aside from astectics, I choose Anker due to more feedback and good reviews. I stay with Anker because out of all the power products I've bought they are the ones that last and are still functional at a reasonable acquisition price.
Thank you for always trusting us!
I've had products from both. In general, no major issues from Aukey. I will agree with others, Anker's products seem to be better quality. I've also noticed Anker's customer service is better, which scores big points in my book.
funny you mention that because my supervisor said the same exact thing.
Though I've seen Aukey products before, my sister actually bought some of the USB-C to regular USB converters for her Macbook. The quality looked ok but she told me she had a lot of problems with taking her cord out of there.
I have a few Aukey products. They do the job but the quality of the products aren't as good as Anker's.