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Baltimore Felon Sentenced To 10 Years In Prison For Illegal Possession Of A Gun And Ammunition
Baltimore, Maryland – U.S. District Judge William D. Quarles, Jr. sentenced Malick Green, age 30, of Baltimore, today to 10 years in prison, followed by three years of supervised release, for being a felon in possession of a firearm and ammunition.
The sentence was announced by United States Attorney for the District of Maryland Rod J. Rosenstein; Special Agent in Charge Steven L. Gerido of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives - Baltimore Field Division; Baltimore City State's Attorney Gregg L. Bernstein; and Baltimore Police Commissioner Anthony W. Batts.
According to Green's plea agreement, on March 17, 2012, Baltimore City Police Detectives were observing the area around the 1800 block of North Broadway in Baltimore, and saw Malick Green enter an alley in that area. Green was holding his waistband as he ran through the alley to the rear yard of 1812 Register Street. Detectives observed the defendant move a piece of plywood that covered the rear basement stairs to 1812 Register, place a metallic object that officers believed to be a handgun on the steps, and return the plywood to its original location. Green then continued south down the alley.
Detectives located Green on Register Street and detained him as they went to the rear yard of 1812 Register. Detectives moved the plywood and found a.45 caliber handgun, loaded with a magazine containing six rounds of .45 caliber ammunition. Green was prohibited from possessing a firearm and ammunition due to previous felony drug convictions
United States Attorney Rod J. Rosenstein commended the ATF, Baltimore Police Department and Baltimore City State's Attorney's Office for their work in the investigation. Mr. Rosenstein thanked Special Assistant United States Attorney H. Brandis Marsh, Jr., a cross-designated Baltimore City Assistant State's Attorney assigned to Exile cases, who prosecuted the case.


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Arthur Hayes Jr., 76; FDA boss died of Leukemia 2/11/10 almost 29 years after approving Aspartame, which caused Leukemia in scientific tests published in Peer-Reviewed Journal 3 years earlier. Incredibly, Hayes' 45 y.o. daughter, Lisa, died 6 months after her Dad from another Aspartame-related Cancer of the Pancreas.
By Dennis Hevesi
New York Times / March 2, 2010
NEW YORK - Arthur Hayes Jr., who while leading the Food and Drug Administration during the Reagan administration helped calm consumer fears after a Tylenol poisoning case and, amid some controversy, approved the use of the artificial sweetener found in Equal and NutraSweet, died Feb. 11 in Danbury, Conn. He was 76 and lived in Oxford, Conn.
The cause was leukemia, said his son, Arthur III.
Dr. Hayes, a pharmacological researcher, was appointed commissioner of the FDA by President Reagan in April 1981. He served until August 1983.
The biggest crisis faced by the agency under Dr. Hayes was a nationwide alarm in 1982 caused by the deaths of seven people in the Chicago area who had taken Extra-Strength Tylenol capsules laced with cyanide. The case remains unsolved. Under Dr. Hayes's leadership, the government and the drug industry responded by developing the first federal regulations requiring tamper-resistant packaging for all over-the-counter drugs.
In 1981, Dr. Hayes granted approval for the use of the sugar substitute aspartame in dry foods and as a tabletop sweetener. Research had found that aspartame was associated with high rates of cancers in rats that had been given large doses, starting at what would be the equivalent of four to five 20-ounce bottles of diet soda a day for a 150-pound person.
Dr. Hayes insisted that there was no need for people to avoid the sweetener.
Research done after Dr. Hayes's time as commissioner indicated that aspartame can sometimes cause incapacitating headaches and even seizures.
Arthur Hull Hayes Jr. was born in Highland Park, Mich., one of four children of Arthur and Florence Gruber Hayes. His father was president of CBS Radio.
Dr. Hayes received his bachelor's degree in philosophy in 1955 from Santa Clara University and then went to Oxford as a Rhodes scholar, earning a degree in philosophy, politics, and economics in 1957. He returned to the United States to study medicine and graduated from Cornell University Medical School in 1964. He served in the US Army Medical Corps from 1965 to 1967.
From 1967 to 1981, Dr. Hayes was an assistant professor of medicine and pharmacology at Cornell. He later became director of clinical pharmacology at the Pennsylvania State University medical school. After leaving the FDA, he was dean of New York Medical College and, in 1986, was named president of E.M. Pharmaceuticals.
© Copyright 2010 Globe Newspaper Company.
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Published in 115(9) Sep 2007
Life-Span Exposure to Low Doses of Aspartame Beginning during Prenatal Life Increases Cancer Effects in Rats
• Article
Morando Soffritti, Fiorella Belpoggi, Eva Tibaldi, Davide Degli Esposti, Michelina Lauriola
Abstract Top
In a previous study conducted at the Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center of the European Ramazzini Foundation (CMCRC/ERF), we demonstrated for the first time that aspartame (APM) is a multipotent carcinogenic agent when various doses are administered with feed to Sprague-Dawley rats from 8 weeks of age throughout the life span.
The aim of this second study is to better quantify the carcinogenic risk of APM, beginning treatment during fetal life.
We studied groups of 70–95 male and female Sprague-Dawley rats administered APM (2,000, 400, or 0 ppm) with feed from the 12th day of fetal life until natural death.
Our results show a) a significant dose-related increase of malignant tumor–bearing animals in males (p < 0.01), particularly in the group treated with 2,000 ppm APM (p < 0.01); b) a significant increase in incidence of lymphomas/leukemias in males treated with 2,000 ppm (p < 0.05) and a significant dose-related increase in incidence of lymphomas/leukemias in females (p < 0.01), particularly in the 2,000-ppm group (p < 0.01); and c) a significant dose-related increase in incidence of mammary cancer in females (p < 0.05), particularly in the 2,000-ppm group (p < 0.05).
The results of this carcinogenicity bioassay confirm and reinforce the first experimental demonstration of APM's multipotential carcinogenicity at a dose level close to the acceptable daily intake for humans. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that when life-span exposure to APM begins during fetal life, its carcinogenic effects are increased.
Keywords: artificial sweeteners, aspartame, carcinogenicity,lymphomas/leukemias, mammary cancers, prenatal exposure, Sprague-Dawley.
Citation: Soffritti M, Belpoggi F, Tibaldi E, Esposti DD, Lauriola M 2007. Life-Span Exposure to Low Doses of Aspartame Beginning during Prenatal Life Increases Cancer Effects in Rats. Environ Health Perspect 115:1293-1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.10271
Received: 16 March 2007; Accepted: 13 June 2007; Online: 13 June 2007
Address correspondence to M. Soffritti, Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, European Ramazzini Foundation of Oncology and Environmental Sciences, Castello di Bentivoglio, Via Saliceto, 3, 40010 Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy. Telephone: 39 051 6640460. Fax: 39 051 6640223. E-mail:firstname.lastname@example.com
This research was supported entirely by the European Ramazzini Foundation of Oncology and Environmental Sciences.
The authors declare they have no competing financial interests.
Aspartame (APM) is one of the most widely used artificial sweeteners in the world. First approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for limited use in solid food in 1981, its authorization was extended to soft drinks in 1983 and then approved as a general sweetener in 1996 (FDA 1981, 1983, 1996). Likewise, the sweetener was approved for general use in the European Union in 1994 (EC Directive 1994). APM is now present in > 6,000 consumer packaged goods and in nearly 500 pharmaceutical products, including children's medicines (Aspartame Information Center 2005). In the United States, > 70% of aspartame sales are attributed to soft drinks (American Dietetic Association 2004). The acceptable daily intake (ADI) of aspartame is currently 50 mg/kg body weight (bw) in the United States and 40 mg/kg bw in the European Union for both children and adults. Daily consumption of artificial sweeteners by women of childbearing age and by children has been estimated at 2.5–5.0 mg/kg bw (Butchko et al. 2002). In a study of Swedish diabetics, the general APM intake was lower than the ADI, but the worst-case calculation of intake in the children's group was 114% of the ADI (Ilbäck et al. 2003).
APM is metabolized in the gastric tract of rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans to its three constituents: aspartic acid, phenylalanine, and methanol. When absorbed, aspartic acid is transformed into alanine plus oxaloacetate (Stegink 1984); phenylalanine is transformed mainly into tyrosine and, to a lesser extent, phenylethylamine and phenyl-pyruvate (Harper 1984); and methanol is transformed into formaldehyde and then to formic acid (Opperman 1984).
In vitro and in vivo tests demonstrate that APM is not genotoxic. Likewise, long-term carcinogenicity studies conducted by the manufacturers of aspartame using rats and mice in the 1970s and 1980s did not demonstrate any carcinogenic effects. A detailed review of the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity studies available to date on APM has been published previously (Belpoggi et al. 2006; Soffritti et al. 2005, 2006). In our opinion, the small number of animals used per sex and per group and the termination of these experiments after 110 weeks of age, rather than observing animals over their life span, represent limiting factors when evaluating the carcinogenic risk or safety of artificial sweeteners such as aspartame. It was for this reason, together with the growing use of APM in industrialized countries, that we designed and performed a mega-experiment using seven groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (100–150 per sex per group) treated with APM in feed at various dose levels (including one very close to the ADI for humans), from 8 weeks of age until natural death (Belpoggi et al. 2006; Soffritti et al. 2005, 2006). The study demonstrated for the first time that APM is a multipotential carcinogenic agent, capable of inducing, in our experimental conditionsa) a significant, dose-related increased incidence of malignant tumor–bearing animals in males (p ≤ 0.05) and in females (p ≤ 0.01), particularly in females treated at 50,000 ppm (p ≤ 0.01); b) a significant dose-related increase in lymphomas/leukemias in both males (p ≤ 0.05) and females (p ≤ 0.01), particularly in females treated at doses of 100,000 (p ≤ 0.01), 50,000 (p ≤ 0.01), 10,000 (p ≤ 0.05), 2,000 (p ≤ 0.05), or 400 ppm (p ≤ 0.01); c) a significant, dose-related increased incidence (p ≤ 0.01) of transitional cell carcinomas of the renal pelvis and ureter and their precursors (dysplasias) in females treated at 100,000 (p ≤ 0.01), 50,000 (p ≤ 0.01), 10,000 (p ≤ 0.01), 2,000 (p ≤ 0.05), or 400 ppm (p ≤ 0.05); d ) a significant, dose-related increased incidence of malignant schwannomas of peripheral nerves (p≤ 0.05) in males (Belpoggi et al. 2006; Soffritti et al. 2005, 2006).
Given the consolidated experience of the European Ramazzini Foundation (ERF) in the conduct of long-term bioassays and the large number of rodents used in the study, the results attracted the attention of the scientific community, consumer and industry associations, and the national and international agencies responsible for food safety, including the Italian Superior Council of Health, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the U.S. FDA, Health Canada, and others. At their request, we provided each of these agencies with all available raw data related to the study.
To our knowledge, only the EFSA has issued an official opinion on our study, releasing on 5 May 2006 a 40-page report in which they concluded that it is not necessary to revise their previous opinion on the absolute safety of APM (EFSA 2006).
Subsequent to our findings of hematopoietic cancers in rats, and in light of persistent concerns among the scientific community of an association between APM and brain cancers, Lim et al. (2006) published the results of a study that assessed the correlation between the consumption of aspartame-containing beverages and the incidence of these types of cancers. The findings were based on data derived from a prospective study conducted by the U.S. National Institutes of Health and the American Association of Retired Persons, using a cohort of > 285,000 men and > 188,000 women between 50 and 71 years of age, who had satisfactorily responded to a self-administered food frequency questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions on the consumption of beverages (soft drinks, fruit drinks, sweetened iced tea) potentially containing APM during the previous year. The questionnaires were mailed from 1995 to 1996 and the follow-up lasted until 2000. The conclusions of the study (Lim et al. 2006) did not support the hypothesis that APM increases hematopoietic or brain cancer risks.
Recently a group of Italian authors (Gallus et al. 2007) published the results of an integrated network of case–control studies conducted in Italy between 1991 and 2004 on the potential correlation between artificial sweeteners (including APM) and cancer. The authors interviewed patients with histologically confirmed cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx (598), esophagus (304), colon (1,225), rectum (728), larynx (460), breast (2,569), ovary (1,031), prostate (1,294), and kidney (renal cell carcinoma 767). Controls were 7,028 patients (3,301 men and 3,727 women) admitted to the same hospitals for acute, nonneoplastic disorders. Cases and controls were interviewed during their hospital stay, using a questionnaire on subjects' usual diet in the 2 years before diagnosis. The results reported a lack of association between artificial sweeteners and the risk of the aforementioned cancers.
As soon as we perceived the carcinogenic effects of APM during the elaboration of the data in our first mega-experiment (Belpoggi et al. 2006; Soffritti et al. 2005, 2006), we planned an integrated program of long-term bioassays, beginning treatment from prenatal life, on > 4,000 rats and mice in order to better quantify the carcinogenic risks of aspartame. In this report we present the results of a second study on APM in which male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to very low doses of APM in feed (100 or 20 mg/kg bw) from fetal life until natural death.
Materials and Methods Top
The APM used in this study was produced by Ajinomoto (Gravelines, France) and supplied by Giusto Faravelli S.p.A. (Milan, Italy). The purity of the APM, as determined by an infrared absorption spectrophotometer assay, was > 98.7%: diketopiperazine was < 0.3% and L-phenylalanine was < 0.5%. APM was added to the standard diet, which has been used for > 30 years at the Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC)/ERF, at APM concentrations of 2,000, 400, or 0 ppm to simulate an assumed daily APM intake of 100, 20, or 0 mg/kg bw. The feed was supplied by the producer on a monthly basis. The stability of the aspartame in feed was analyzed before the start of the study and periodically confirmed throughout the course of the biophase. The daily APM consumption (milligrams per kilogram body weight) was calculated estimating the average body weight for both males and females as 400 g for the duration of the experiment and the daily consumption of feed as 20 g/day.
The feed was supplied ad libitum to groups of 70–95 male and female Sprague-Dawley rats from the colony of the CMCRC/ERF. The basic tumorigram of this strain of rats is well known. Treatment began during fetal life, with administration of APM in feed to female breeders from the 12th day of pregnancy, when organogenesis is completed and before which time many tissues and organs are refractory to the effects of carcinogenic agents [International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) 1973]. The breeders were sacrificed after weaning, and treatment of the offspring lasted until natural death. Control animals received the same feed without APM.
At 4–5 weeks of age (after weaning), the experimental animals were identified by ear punch, separated by sex, and assigned to a respective dose group, depending on the APM concentration administered to the breeder. They were then housed five per cage in poly-carbonate cages (41 ? 25 ? 15 cm) with stainless-steel wire tops and a shallow layer of white wood shavings as bedding, and kept in a room used only for this experiment. The room was maintained at a temperature of 23 ± 2°C and relative humidity of 50–60%.
All animals were kept under observation until natural death. The experiment was conducted according to Italian law regulating the use and humane treatment of animals for scientific purposes (Decreto Legislativo N. 116 1992).
Mean daily drinking water and feed consumption were measured per cage, and body weight was measured individually, beginning at 6 weeks of age and continuing once each week for the first 13 weeks, then every 2 weeks until animals reached 110 weeks of age. Measurement of body weight continued every 2 weeks until the end of the experiment. To detect and register all gross lesions, the animals were clinically examined every 2 weeks for the duration of the experiment. To evaluate the status and behavior of the animals and to limit the postmortem modifications, a patrol was performed three times daily Monday–Friday and twice on Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays. Deceased animals were registered and kept refrigerated for a maximum of 16–19 hr at 4°C until necropsy.
The biophase ended at 147 weeks with the death of the last animal at the age of 144 weeks. Upon death, all animals underwent complete necropsy. Histopathology was routinely performed on the following organs and tissues of each animal from each group: skin and subcutaneous tissue, mammary gland, the brain (three sagittal sections), pituitary gland, Zymbal glands, salivary glands, Harderian glands, cranium (five sections, with oral and nasal cavities and external and internal ear ducts), tongue, thyroid, parathyroid, pharynx, larynx, thymus and mediastinal lymph nodes, trachea, lung and mainstem bronchi, heart, diaphragm, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, adrenal glands, esophagus, stomach (fore and glandular), intestine (four levels), urinary bladder, prostate (male only), vagina (female only), gonads, interscapular brown fat pad, subcutaneous and mesenteric lymph nodes, and other organs or tissues with pathologic lesions. All organs and tissues were preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol except for bones, which were fixed in 10% formalin and then decalcified with 10% formaldehyde and 20% formic acid in water solution. The normal specimens were trimmed following CMCRC/ERF laboratory standard operating procedures. The pathologic tissue was trimmed to allow for the largest surface, including normal adjacent tissue. Trimmed specimens were processed in paraffin, and 3- to 5-?m sections of every specimen were obtained.
Sections were routinely stained with hematoxylin and eosin. All slides were examined microscopically by the same group of pathologists following the same criteria of histopathologic evaluation and classification. A senior pathologist reviewed all tumors and all other lesions of oncologic interest.
We performed statistical evaluations of the incidence and dose–response relationship of neoplastic lesions using the Cox regression model (Cox 1972). p-Values are reported in the tables.
Results Top
The experiment proceeded smoothly without unexpected occurrences. We observed no relevant differences in feed consumption between treated and untreated groups, in either males or females (Figure 1A,1B); no differences were observed in water consumption between groups or between sexes. No difference in mean body weight was observed in the treated groups compared with the controls (Figure 1C). We observed a slight decrease, seemingly dose related, in survival in the treated groups compared with the control group in both males and females (Figure 1D,1E).
Oncologic results are reported in Tables 1 and 2 for males and females, respectively. Multiple tumors of different type and site, of different type in the same site, of the same type in bilateral organs, of the same type in the skin, in subcutaneous tissue, in mammary glands, or at distant sites of diffuse tissue (i.e., bones and skeletal muscle) were plotted as single/independent tumors. Multiple tumors of the same type in the same tissue and organ, apart those listed above, were plotted only once.
Total malignant tumors
The incidence of malignant tumor–bearing animals occurred with a significant, dose-related increase in males (p ≤ 0.01). The incidence of malignant tumors was significantly increased in males treated with 2,000 ppm APM (p ≤ 0.01) compared with controls (Table 1). Albeit not significant, a numeric increase of the incidence of animals bearing malignant tumors was also observed among females exposed to 2,000 ppm APM compared with controls (Table 2). Tumor types that contributed most to this increased incidence are presented below.
The occurrence of lymphomas/leukemias in males and females is reported in Tables 1 and 2. The data show that APM causes a significant, dose-related increased incidence in females (p ≤ 0.01). When compared with the untreated control group, the increased incidence of lymphomas/ leukemias in treated males and females was significant at 2,000 ppm APM (p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, respectively). In males, the most frequent histotypes observed were lymphoimmunoblastic lymphomas that mainly involved lung and mediastinal/peripheral nodes. In females, the most frequent histotypes were lymphocitic lymphomas and lymphoimmunoblastic lymphomas that mainly involved the thymus, lung, spleen, and peripheral nodes. The differential diagnoses were based on the morphologic criteria regularly used in our laboratories, according to the guidelines of the International Classification of Rodent Tumors (IARC 1993). Lymphomas/leukemias (this term includes all types of hemolymphosarcomas and leukemias) are neoplasias arising from hemolymphoreticular tissues. Their aggregation is regularly used in experimental carcino-genesis because both solid and circulating phases are present in many lymphoid neoplasms, and distinction between them is artificial (Harris et al. 2001).
Mammary carcinomas
The incidence of mammary gland carcinomas in males and females is reported in Tables 1 and 2. A dose-related increase in the incidence of carcinomas was observed in females (p ≤ 0.05). The incidence of lesions in females exposed to 2,000 ppm APM was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) compared with the controls. Two carcinomas were also observed among males treated with 2,000 ppm APM.
Historical controls
In our laboratory over the last 20 years, the overall incidence of lymphomas/leukemias was 20.6% (range, 8.0–30.9%) among 2,265 male rats and 13.3% (range, 4.0–25.0%) among 2,274 female rats. The overall incidence of mammary cancers in the same group of female rats was 9.2% (range, 4.0–14.2%).
Discussion Top
In our first mega-experiment (Belpoggi et al. 2006; Soffritti et al. 2005, 2006), we demonstrated for the first time that APM is a multi-potential carcinogenic agent inducing, among other cancers, a dose-related, significant increase in lymphomas/leukemias in females.
In the present study, in which we administered APM (2,000 and 400 ppm; equivalent to consumption of 100 and 20 mg/kg bw, respectively) to Sprague-Dawley rats in feed beginning during fetal life, we again confirmed that APM induces carcinogenic effects; we found a) a significant dose-related increase of malignant tumor–bearing animals in males (p < 0.01), in particular in the group treated with 2,000 ppm APM (p < 0.01); b) a significant increase in the incidence of lymphomas/ leukemias in males in the 2,000-ppm group (p < 0.05) and a significant dose-related increase in the incidence of lymphomas/ leukemias in females (p < 0.01), in particular in the 2,000-ppm group (p < 0.01); c) a significant dose-related increase in the incidence of mammary cancer in females (p < 0.05), particularly in the 2,000-ppm group (p < 0.05).
When comparing life-span exposure beginning during prenatal and postnatal life, we have shown that prenatal exposure to APM clearly increases the incidence of lymphomas/leukemias in females (Table 3). Moreover, when comparing the cumulative prevalence by age of death of animals with hemolymphoreticular neoplasias, it is clear that prenatal exposure to APM also accelerates the insurgence of these lesions in females (Figure 2).
With regard to males, the incidence of lymphomas/leukemias in the concurrent control (9.5%) falls within the lower range of our historical controls (8.0–30.9%), and the incidence of lymphomas/leukemias in the group treated at the highest dose (17.1%) is close to the overall historical incidence (20.9%). Because the incidence of lymphomas/leukemias observed in males treated with 2,000 ppm APM is close to double the concurrent control, we consider these effects to be related to APM exposure (Haseman 1992, 1995; Haseman et al. 1984).
The results of our second experiment (the present study) further disprove the alternative hypothesis suggested by the EFSA (2006)regarding the cause of lymphomas/leukemias in our colony, in which they considered the incidence of lymphomas/leukemias observed in our first experiment to be "unrelated to APM given the high background incidence of chronic inflammatory changes in the lung." First, as previously reported (Soffritti 2006), experimental animals that are allowed to die spontaneously are subject to infectious pathologies that are part of the natural dying process in both rodents and humans. Second, among the animals bearing lymphomas/ leukemias, we observed the diffusion of neoplastic tissue not only in the lung but also concurrently in various organs (liver, spleen, mediastinal and other lymph nodes). Finally, it should be noted that out of 49 agents reported to be carcinogenic in rats by the CMCRC/ERF, only 8 of these agents induced hemolymphoreticular malignancies. Of these, 3 were demonstrated in both males and females—formaldehyde (Soffritti et al. 2002b), mancozeb (Belpoggi et al. 2002a), and di-isopropyl-ether (Belpoggi et al. 2002b)—and 5 only in females—toluene (Soffritti et al. 2004), methyl alcohol (Soffritti et al. 2002a), methyl tert-butyl ether (Belpoggi et al. 1995), tert-amyl-methyl-ether (Belpoggi et al. 2002b), and APM (Belpoggi et al. 2006; Soffritti et al. 2005, 2006).
The two aforementioned epidemiologic studies (Gallus et al. 2006; Lim et al. 2006) published after our first mega-experiment (Belpoggi et al. 2006; Soffritti et al. 2005, 2006) merit general comment. Both studies consider the eating habits of a large population of males and females 50–70 years of age in the 1990s. Given the time frame of these surveys and the commercialization of aspartame in the 1980s, the subjects' potential use of the sweetener could not have exceeded 10–15 years. It is difficult to believe that this limited adult period of exposure to APM could confirm or exclude a potential carcinogenic risk. The design of these studies underlines the importance of conducting an epidemiologic study in which exposure to APM is monitored beginning in fetal life, particularly given the use of products containing APM by children and women of child-bearing age.
Conclusions Top
The results of this study, our second long-term carcinogenicity bioassay on APM, not only confirm but also reinforce our first experimental demonstration (Belpoggi et al. 2006; Soffritti et al. 2005, 2006) of APM's multipotental carcinogenicity at a dose level close to the human ADI. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that when life-span exposure to APM begins during fetal life, its carcinogenic effects are increased.
On the basis of the present findings, we believe that a review of the current regulations governing the use of aspartame cannot be delayed. This review is particularly urgent with regard to aspartame-containing beverages, which are heavily consumed by children.
Figures and Tables Top
Figure 1.
Effects of APM exposure on feed consumption, body weight, and survival. Mean daily feed consumption in males (A) and females (B). (C) Mean body weights in males (M) and females (F). Survival in males (D) and females (E). Arrows indicate the start of the experiment.
Figure 2.
Cumulative prevalence of death by age in female rats bearing hemolymphoreticular neoplasias. (A) Postnatal APM exposure. (B) Prenatal APM exposure. Arrows indicate the start of the experiment.
Table 1.
Incidence of malignant tumors in male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to APM from fetal day 12 throughout the life span.
Table 2.
Incidence of malignant tumors in female Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to APM from fetal day 12 throughout the life span.
Table 3.
Comparison of the incidence of lymphomas/leukemias in female Sprague-Dawley rats beginning APM exposure from postnatal or prenatal life.
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22. IARC 1993. Haematopoietic system IARC Sci Publ 122(Part 1–4):1–27.FIND THIS ARTICLE ONLINE
23. Ilbäck NG, Alzin M, Jahrl S, Henghardt-Barbieri H, Busk L. 2003. Estimated intake of the artificial sweeteners acesul-fame-K, aspartame, cyclamate and saccharin in a group of Swedish diabetics Food Addit Contam 20:99–114. FIND THIS ARTICLE ONLINE
24. Lim U, Subar AM, Mouw T, Hartge P, Morton LM, Stolzenberg R, et al.2006. Consumption of aspartame-containing beverages and incidence of hematopoietic and brain malignancies Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 15:1654–1659. FIND THIS ARTICLE ONLINE
25. 1984. Aspartame metabolism in animals In: Stegink LD, Filer LJ Jr. , editors. Aspartame Physiology and Biochemistry. New York: Marcel Dekker. pp. 141–159.
26. Soffritti M. 2006. Acesulfame potassium: Soffritti responds [Letter] Environ Health Perspect 114:A516–A517. FIND THIS ARTICLE ONLINE
27. Soffritti M, Belpoggi F, Cevolani D, Guarino M, Padovani M, Maltoni C.2002a. Results of long-term experimental studies on the carcinogenicity of methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol in rats Ann NY Acad Sci 982:46–69. FIND THIS ARTICLE ONLINE
28. Soffritti M, Belpoggi F, Degli Esposti D, Lambertini L. 2005. Aspartame induces lymphomas and leukaemias in rats Eur J Oncol 10:107–116. FIND THIS ARTICLE ONLINE
29. Soffritti M, Belpoggi F, Degli Esposti D, Lambertini L, Tibaldi E, Rigano A.2006. First experimental demonstration of the multipotential carcinogenic effects of aspartame administered in the feed to Sprague-Dawley rats Environ Health Perspect 114:379–385. FIND THIS ARTICLE ONLINE
30. Soffritti M, Belpoggi F, Lambertini L, Lauriola M, Padovani M, Maltoni C.2002b. Results of long-term experimental studies on the carcinogenicity of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in rats Ann NY Acad Sci 982:87–105. FIND THIS ARTICLE ONLINE
31. Soffritti M, Belpoggi F, Padovani M, Lauriola M, Degli Esposti D, Minardi F.2004. Life-time carcinogenicity bioassay of toluene given by stomach tube to Sprague-Dawley rats Eur J Oncol 9:91–102. FIND THIS ARTICLE ONLINE
32. 1984. Aspartate and glutamate metabolism In: Stegink LD, Filer LJ Jr. , editors. Aspartame Physiology and Biochemistry. New York: Marcel Dekker. pp. 47–76.
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Elizabeth Anne (Lisa) Waller-Hayes
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"To Lisa's husband, children and the Hayes family- I was..."- Kathleen Orem
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WALLER-HAYES Elizabeth Anne (Lisa) Waller-Hayes, ('89), born on June 13, 1964, died June 9, at her home in Overveen, The Netherlands, after a courageous battle with pancreatic cancer. An accomplished journalist, she worked for Health Action International, Medecines Sans Frontieres (Doctors Without Borders) and other international organizations devoted to health care and human rights, as a writer, editor, translator and communications strategy advisor. She was 45 years old. Her passion for social justice will live on in her work, and her love of the English language will be reflected in the Elizabeth Hayes and Family scholarships established in her name at the College of the Holy Cross and The Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism. The Lisa Waller-Hayes Foundation, was recently established in The Netherlands to promote research and provide services to patients and families struggling with pancreatic cancer. (www.lisawallerhayesfoundation.com) In addition to her husband of 16 years, Arnoud (Nout) Waller, Lisa is survived by her two children, Bastiaan, 12, and Isabel, 10 of the Netherlands; her mother, Barbara Hayes of Oxford; brother and sister-in-law, Arthur and Lisa J. Hayes of Westport; and sister and brother-in-law, Kathy and Robert Saracino of Oxford; Her father, Arthur Hull Hayes, Jr., MD, died in February of this year. A memorial service was held in The Netherlands on June 16. A Mass is planned at St. Thomas the Apostle Church in Oxford on Saturday, July 24, 2010 at 11 a.m.
Published in Connecticut Post on July 11, 2010
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To get started, select your vehicle's year, make and model.
Having an efficient braking system would not be possible if one or more of your braking system components are not in good working condition. For this reason, you need to ensure that each part is properly maintained to efficiently stop or slow down your vehicle whenever the need arises. The brake accumulator is among the many parts of your braking system that needs to be checked once in a while. You can locate this vehicle component on the left firewall of your engine compartment. This braking system component is a round ball that works hand in hand with the brake booster and a DS voltage regulator.
The brake accumulator installed in your vehicle can be of bladder, piston, or diaphragm type. Whatever type of brake accumulator that you may have, they all perform the same function-to stop the vehicle in the event of brake pressure failure. A typical brake accumulator is made up of a pressure storage chamber that is filed with nitrogen gas. Before doing any type of brake repair work, you need to depressurize the brake accumulator. This is a general rule, because your ABS components produce up to 2,700 psi of pressure.
Should you need to replace your car\'s worn out brake accumulator, you can always trust Canada Parts Online for that. Check out our exclusive deals on genuine brake accumulators and other car and truck parts and accessories on our comprehensive and easy to navigate online catalog. Ordering from us is as easy as 1-2-3! If you want to place an order, all you have to do is dial our toll-free hotline number or fill out our online order form.
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NY Times Publishes RCA Letter about Agriprocessors Investigations
Policies Headlines
The Rabbinical Council of America on"zero-tolerance" separating children from their migrant parents when they cross the border.
The RCA on the Sutherland Springs, TX
The RCA on the Las Vegas Massacre
2014 Resolution: Gun Violence in America
2015 RCA resolution condemning racism
Aug 13, 2008
Below is the
text of the letter
published by the New York Times on August 13, 2008, in response to an Op-Ed piece, "
Dark Meat
" published by Rabbi Shmuel Herzfeld that criticized the RCA and Orthodox Union.
To the editor:
We take strong issue with Rabbi Shmuel Herzfeld's suggestions that the Orthodox American rabbinate, including the Rabbinical Council of America, has been indifferent to the accusations against Agriprocessors. The council issued a lengthy public statement on June 3, expressing our concern about the allegations and calling for a full investigation of the facts.
Unlike Rabbi Herzfeld, we believe that no rabbinic body — expert or otherwise — can do a better investigation than the federal and state authorities now engaged in such a review of the legal, non-kashrut aspects of Agriprocessors' operations.
We are indeed greatly concerned about the ethical implications of the allegations, but they are still allegations — unproved and unverified.
We believe that it is also unethical to rush to judgment and deny due process to Agriprocessors. Jewish law — and the norms of American justice — requires no less than that.
By all accounts, current operations at the plant are in substantial conformity with the law and all applicable regulatory statutes.
(Rabbi) Shlomo Hochberg
(Rabbi) Basil Herring
New York, Aug. 6, 2008
The writers are, respectively, president and executive vice president of the Rabbinical Council of America.
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Racism and policing have gone hand and hand in the Canadian context. From the settler colonial violence of the RCMP through contemporary practices from carding to assaults upon racialized people and communities. The settler colonial character of the Canadian state continues in the current context in the disproportionate arrest and incarceration of Indigenous people and the exertion of violence, often lethal violence, against them.
Not surprisingly the Canadian state and the various institutions of criminal justice have stridently denied claims of racism. Inquiries into police violence typically offer findings that diminish or deny the part of racism in police actions. Such an outcome was delivered again on May 12, 2017 with the results of the inquiry into the killing of Craig McDougall, a young Indigenous man, by Winnipeg police, a force with a long and notorious history of racist violence.
Twenty-six-year-old Craig Vincent McDougall was shot and killed by police outside his father's home on Simcoe Street in Winnipeg on August 2, 2008. Police claimed to be responding to a 911 call when they arrived at the home in the early hours of August 2. They suggest that found McDougall outside the house holding a cell phone and a knife. One officer shot him with a taser. He was then shot with a firearm which killed him. A private investigator who examined the case has cast doubt on the assertion that Craig McDougall held a knife at the moment he was shot.
Incredibly, the victim's family members were immediately arrested and put in handcuffs on the front lawn, an act of what criminologists term the dramatization of evil, designed to denigrate and humiliate people targeted by the system. Jonathan Rudin, an expert witness on Indigenous people, policing, and the criminal justice system, testified that the treatment of McDougall's family after the young man was shot exemplified systemic racism as the victims were assumed by police to be criminals and were treated as such.
Still, despite the actions of police, the inquest concluded that there was no evidence of racism in the police actions. It offered the typical statist finding that police were justified in their actions. In the inquest report, Associate Chief Judge Anne Krahn wrote there was "no evidence of racism direct or systemic in the moments leading to the shooting of Craig McDougall." The judge found the arrest of McDougall's father and uncle to be a simple misstep. In her words: "there were missteps in the immediate aftermath of the shooting when Craig McDougall's uncle and father were left handcuffed and detained without lawful authority." Such is the normalization of racism in the Canadian criminal justice system. Atrocious actions become mere missteps.
Critics point out that treating the family members in such disrespectful and accusatory fashion exemplifies racism. One might add the little regard shown for the family or the community in the eight year delay between the killing and the inquest report. It could be suggested that such an egregious delay would never be accepted in the case of a killing (by anyone) of a white, privileged victim. Of course police, and police associations, seek to delay and divert inquests to benefit their own interests.
The inquest report even contradicts its own conclusions by making recommendations that imply racism by police. Among these recommendations are that the police service should consider delivery of implicit bias training for its members at regular intervals (a recognition of racist assumptions) and work with Indigenous organizations to develop programs.


text:
Good Product: Hackman Tools Cookware
For the serious cook it would seem that well-know brands like All-Clad and Le Creuset are the only options in heavy-duty, reliable and beautifully stylish cookware. But think again.
The Tools line was created in 1998 by Swedish designer Bjorn Dahlstrom for the Hackman company, which has been producing quality cookware and cutlery in Finland since 1790 and is distributed by Iittala, a homewares company that represents the best of stylish and contemporary Scandinavian design. Although they are attractive enough to go from the oven to an elegant dinner table, don't think these pots and pans are an exercise in style over substance. Like All-Clad, it features a multi layer technique of aluminum sandwiched between two layers of stainless steel which is excellent for even heat distribution.
The line consists of saucepans, sauteuses, and casseroles in various sizes, as well as rectangular oven roasting pans in two sizes. The saucepans and casseroles feature tight-fitting lids and have measuring marks etched on their interiors. Prices can range from $165 to over $400, but a lot of sellers tend to offer deals. Hackman also offer a number of cast iron pieces in the range – a 10 inch and a 12.5 inch round fry pan ($160 and $170), a square grill pan ($175), and a 5 quart casserole ($190). If it seems like an obscene amount to spend on cookware, you can rest assured that you will be able to pass it on to your grandchildren.
You can find the Dahlstrom designed pieces at various online stores including Unica Home, Finn Style, Retromodern, Fitzsu, and even Amazon.


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Woman finishes 10K stopping at every taco spot along the route
Not all heroes wear capes, but all heroes do eat tacos
Not all heroes wear capes, but all heroes do eat tacos
Anna Orso of Billy Penn ran a 10K in Philadelphia and stopped at every taco spot along the way. While she was not an official participant in the Philly 10K, she did follow the route for a five hour run that took her to 13 taco shows, where she ate 14 tacos and even had a margarita.
But it wasn't all fun and tacos! Orso says she started to get full at one point and had to keep going:
I'm starting to get fatigued. I walk into the 7-Eleven at 11th and Washington in search of water. I'm parched, and feel like I haven't consumed a beverage since 'Nam. I chug a bottle of water and continue walking west on Washington under the beating sun. I see my reflection in a storefront and self-loathing starts to set in. I cut up 12th Street and am starting to regret being so overzealous at the beginning of this endeavor. I realize the fancier Mexican places are coming up soon, and I imagine myself throwing up at El Vez. What will they do?
If you are in Philadelphia and want to do her exact route, Orso has it all mapped out and ready to go.
Ready, set, TACO!


text:
There are many things I've discovered in my 40 years of life on this Earth. Some of them have proven to be true. Others, not so much. For example, the statement that "everything happens for a reason" is a lovely platitude that I used to recite to myself whenever some things just didn't go my way. But, I call bullshit on "everything happens for a reason". This phrase is meant to excuse away things that do not go as planned. Do things actually all have a reason for occurring? Yes, they do. At least, according to physics.
But, when people use this phrase to say "something or someone f*cked up my plans, so there must be something greater behind it". Well, that's just plain ol' crap. Physics aside, some things just happen because life can be shitty and people can be shitty. People will die on you or move away or stop talking to you. Is that because of some grand plan? Nope. It's just the way life is.
Another thing I've learned about life in the past 40 years is that there IS a holy trinity. There are three things that are absolutely necessary to live a fulfilling life, however, the difficulty comes in having those three things together at the same time. That, my friends, is the crux of the issue. And these three elusive things, I have found, very rarely are able to co-exist in time together. You either get one, but not the others. Or you may get lucky enough to have two, but then one just slips away from you. You're probably wondering what those three things are? Well, they are…..
Yes, folks, the holy trinity is made up of LOVE, HEALTH, and WEALTH. I suppose you could say that these things combined make up what we love to call the "American Dream", however, I think that these three things are what everyone is attempting to capture and hang on to.
So, what is LOVE? When I'm talking about love, I'm talking about a relationship with another person. A significant other. Yes, there is love that you have for your children, or your pets, or your extended family. But, that's not what I mean. I'm talking about that meaningful relationship you spend your entire life trying to find; the pursuit of another person that will put up with your quirks, your bullshit, your good days and your bad days. Now, I'm sure not everyone feels the need to have love in their lives – at least, not in the form of another person – but, best believe that the idea of love is still prominent in their lives. Maybe they really love money and the love of money, along with the money itself, make up two of the sides of the trinity. Either way, love is definitely a player in this holy trinity.
HEALTH. This is a big one. I'm talking about being sound of mind, body, and spirit. If you have a toothache, you get it fixed. But, at the end of the day, there is nothing that is going to immediately kill you and you are, overall, healthy. Not everyone has this luxury. Some people suffer from silent illnesses, such as mental illness. They appear to be sound on the outside, yet you have no idea of the amount of agony they are suffering on the inside. Or, someone who suffers from diseases such as cancer or celiac disease. They seem okay, as the problem is on the inside of their bodies, but they do not have true health.
WEALTH. Now, I'm not talking about winning the lottery here. I'm not even talking about being middle class. I'm talking about having enough money to pay your bills, put food on the table, and a roof over your head. That's it. Just enough to cover the basics. This, I consider wealth. If you can sleep at night, knowing that you've got the basics covered, then you are better off than many people in this world.
These three things are the cornerstone to a fulfilling, happy life. Here, however, is what I have found. It is damn near impossible to have all three of these things at once in life. You may find "the one" that you are meant to be with, and then BAM! you lose your job. Or, you are feeling great and healthy, your relationship with your significant other is stable, and you love your job, when BOOM! you get a pain in your side, and after visiting the doctor, you discover you need surgery, which then has you missing work for months on end. These things happen, folks. I know they've happened to me.
I also like to call it the "other shoe" problem. Although, I think Charlie Brown said it best:
Tell me your stories of your "holy trinity". Have you managed to obtain this elusive triad and not lose it?


text:
Molex's Pico-Lock™ Discrete Wire Cable Assemblies deliver off-the-shelf solutions in a variety of cable lengths to facilitate both prototyping and global production. The Pico-Lock Cable Assemblies offer a low profile, high current, and positive lock making them ideal for applications requiring space savings. The cable assemblies offer pin-to-pin mapping from the receptacle to the PCB header which offers ready-to-use, plug-and-play connections.
All of Molex's cable assemblies use UL 1061 discrete wires and are ready to use in electronic appliance applications. The OTS cable assemblies are designed to support development and production programs and can be used with a range of Molex connectors that are also available off-the-shelf. They provide ease of design, prototyping and production. Molex's off-the-shelf cable assemblies meet 2011/65/EU RoHS compliance.
Features & Benefits:
See also:
Molex Pico-Lock Cable Assemblies (.pdf) for more product information, specifications, applications and ordering information.


text:
A collection of political thoughts and responses to political statements in the news and on the web. Progressive politics, LGBTQ politics, environmental politics, &c.
Various Direct Links
Various Direct Links
Groups organized by topic. LGBTQ friendly religious organizations. Sexuality in the Bible. Comments from outside USA.
28 May 2012
Memorial Day 2012
When I joined the Navy, after the Vietnam War and before the wars that followed, I was aware that there could be a war and that I could die for my country. I was aware, but I didn't believe it would happen to me. Like many young people, I believed that I was invincible and would live forever. Any war would be more like Hollywood and less like a battlefield. In other words, I was young and stupid, or at least naive.
We returned to fighting wars before my Honorable Discharge. I was not involved in our war in Grenada nor did I see action, other than a bar fight. I was incredibly lucky and thus I am here to be writing this blog post.
Freedom was built upon sacrifice and today is the day set aside to remember those who did not survive the fight for freedom. It is important to remember.
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text:
Creat a youtube channel art
Budget $30-250 USD
Hello !
I need a youtube channel art for my brand new youtube channel.
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It's about crypto currencies but should be fun and not business oriented
I join my logo you can use it to choose the colors and have some ideas
Elements to place:
The logo
My slogan: "La chaine n°1 des crypto monnaies"
Call to action 1: "Abonne-toi !" subscribe in french
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text:
If snake venom holds the secret to a long life, then Bill Haast had the magic.
The man who mesmerized generations of paying customers from 1947 to 1984 by extracting venom at his spine-tingling Miami Serpentarium attraction died of natural causes Wednesday at his home in Punta Gorda, on Florida's west coast. He was 100.
Born William E. Haast on Dec. 30, 1910, in Paterson, N.J., he became a south Florida celebrity for surviving successive venomous snakebites. His wife, Nancy, last week put his lifetime tally at 172. The legacy left him immunized, she said, enabling him to donate life-saving blood to 21 victims through the years.
All survived, she said.
Grainy black-and-white television footage from 1962 shows a fit, toothy 51-year-old Haast in a hospital recovering from his 79th snakebite — his first ever by a king cobra.


text:
thelawdoctor wrote:ajax adonis wrote:Good luck man. You can do it. That prof is a jerk.
Sometimes when a person fails it is the persons fault.................. if someone is the only F in a class they need to ask "why not the rest of the class?" Responsibility for ones own actions is a lost art.
Why do you feel obligated to come into threads and shit on people when they're down? Other than being an asshole?


text:
According to the New York Times, it's plastic surgery for the rear end.
- After decades spent developing and refining treatments for the breasts, a few American plastic surgeons are beginning to focus on procedures for the buttocks. Dr. Mendieta is among those who have become experts in enlarging women's posteriors with solid silicone implants or injections of fat. And at medical meetings in the last two years, these doctors have taught the techniques to nearly 400 of their colleagues.
Um, no thanks.
Hide comments


text:
Elder Ephraim of Vatopaidi,Mount Athos.
Man has been trying to make sense of the creation ever since antiquity as it is manifested in the teachings of many religions and philosophies. Generally, we may say that ancient Greek philosophers have offered three explanations as to the creation of the world: a) the Stoics and the Epicureans advocated that the world was self-existent, autonomous and eternal, b) The Pythagoreans argued that the physical elements and laws were divine and c) The Aristotelians attributed the cause of the creation to a god "who was the first mover, unmoved". We may also argue that all subsequent theories, whether hailing from scientific or philosophical/religious circles, are divided into the following three main categories: the materialists, the pantheists and the theocrats.
However, we derive from the Scriptures definite proof that God created the entire physical and non-material world not from previously existent matter but "from what was not" (Maccabeus 7, 28) and that the Lord lives in the world (see psalms 138, 7-10) and He is not an unmoved being. These are the basic dogmas of our Church. Word-God created every living being: "All things were made through him, and without him was not anything made that was made" (John 1, 3). The creation of the world from nothing does not mean that that which was created subsequently becomes autonomous and independent. It means that God and the world are two different entities which are connected with unbreakable bonds. The uncreated Lord is the only uncreated cause and the world is the created outcome. When the Lord said "Let it be light" and "it was so" or when He said "let there be lights in the expanse of the heavens" and " it was so" or when He finally created everything that was made "and it was very good" He did not withdraw from the world ( see Genesis 1, 3-31).
The Triune God created the world in His infinite goodness and wisdom. The word 'kosmos' (world) means 'kosmima' (jewel); a jewel is an artefact which causes pleasure even to the artist. Of course the self-sufficient Lord does not need such gratification, but He wished and became Creator in an outward expression of His excessive love (which is other than the love which exists among the Persons of the Trinity).
The Lord's presence is continuous throughout the universe; just as with His creative energy He brought all beings into being 'from what was not', through His 'cohesive and observational' energy He maintains all beings 'into existence' (St Gregory Palamas: Writings). The Lord's cohesive and observational or providential, uncreated energy determines all physical and spiritual laws which govern the material and the spiritual worlds. The Lord's uncreated energy as a cause becomes created as an outcome and is 'altered' into various kinds of created powers like the physical force, motion, heat, chemical and nuclear power.
The creation is the result of the divine will-which for the Triune God is the same for all three Persons- and not the product of divine substance, otherwise pantheism would govern the universe ( St John of Damascus: A publication of the Orthodox Faith). The Triune God through His uncreated energies is connected to the entire creation. As St Gregory Palamas says the simple beings (the non-living) participate in the substance-creating energy of the Lord; the living beings (animals, plants) also participate in His life-giving energy; additionally, rational beings participate in His wisdom-giving energy. Only angels and men, who attain deification, participate in His deifying energy (St Gregory Palamas: Writings).
The Lord first created the spiritual, invisible world, which includes the myriads of angels and then the material world, which became visible through His Word, the divine commands. Finally, He created man, the crown of the creation, who as St John of Damascus says, is made of visible and invisible substance. For this reason St Gregory Palamas describes man as "the major in a small world".
Human nature was not created by command like the rest of the visible and invisible creation where the Lord "spoke, and it came to be; he commanded, and it stood firm" (Psalm 33, 9). In order to create man all the three Persons of the Holy Trinity came together and said: "Let us make man in our image, after our likeness" (Genesis 1, 26). Thus the Lord and Creator Himself took dust from the ground and created the body and breathed into his nostrils 'the breath of life', namely divine Grace, His uncreated deifying energies. Thus man has acquired "an abundance of life" (John 10, 10) more than any other being; namely, his adoption. St Gregory Palamas says that "the image' of man is higher than 'the image' of angels. Man's soul is the only one with intellect, word and life-giving spirit. Because the angels do not possess a material body they do not have a life-giving spirit which would give life to the attached body, like humans have". (St Gregory Palamas: Writings. Chapters 38-39).
The creation is a mystery for man; a mystery which encompasses the creative and providential presence of the Lord in the world and at the same time proves His divine greatness. Man has the ability to penetrate this mystery and comprehend the love, all-wisdom and special providence the Lord has for His creatures. Thus, he may choose to live in constant communion with the Lord by giving thanks and glory to the One, who because of His excessive love, gives him everything and especially his deification, namely his 'likeness'.
According to Christian anthropology, Adam, the first man, having been placed in Paradise, was given the command to 'work and keep it' and govern over the entire material creation 'freely'. In order to preserve the necessary reliance on the Lord- Creator, man was issued with a prohibition; namely not to eat from a certain fruit, in order to test his free will. Adam, being free, did not keep this command and as theology says 'the forefathers sinned" or "fell'.
Many explanations are given as to what caused man's fall. One of the most distinctive, which is harmonized with patristic tradition, is the explanation given by St Erinaios, Bishop of Lougdounou (Lyon). He argues that Adam was like an infant, who was placed in Paradise in order to grow into adulthood by exercising his free will. After his creation, man had to be raised, grow up, multiply and gain spiritual strength before being glorified through his deification (Αγιος Ειρηναίος Λουγδούνου: Έλεγχος ψευδωνύμου γνώσεως, βιβλίο Δ). However, he was deceived and acted wrongly. For this reason repentance was given to him as an opportunity to return to Paradise. This was something which was not given to the 'fallen angels', who became demons; namely specific evil and crafty beings.
After the fall, the forefathers, Adam and Eve, 'were clothed with garments of skins' (Genesis 3, 21); namely with corruption, mortality and with the blameless passions: hunger, thirst, sleep and pain. The powers of their soul were also diffused. 'The image' was blackened and man's spiritual energy, with which he was united with the uncreated deifying energy, was hidden. Thus, divine Grace, as a deifying gift, withdrew until the time man was to recall it through repentance. Repentance is an act of man's free will; the latter remained intact.
Let us cite here the Catholic and Protestant views of the fall. The Catholics believe that after the fall, man was left with 'the image' untarnished but lost the special supra-natural (created) Grace, he had acquired from God, to attain 'the likeness'. It is from this point onwards that logic prevails in the western theological and social circles. The Protestants on the other hand, believe that human nature was totally perverted after the fall, even as to 'the image'. Thus they advocate the premise on the 'absolute destination'.
The fall of man, who was the 'crown of the creation', has caused the fall of the entire creation which "has been groaning together in the pains of childbirth" (Romans 8, 22). This explains the main teaching of our Church, which views the creation as a whole, which is being guided towards perfection and deification; man and nature together. Man and nature are not distinct in the design of the creation. Therefore man has a duty to maintain a good relationship with the rest of the creation. The fact that man remains in the fallen condition perilously prolongs the world enduring in the same condition. Thus man contributes to the perversion and degradation of nature. Therefore, the fall has not only distorted man existentially and morally but also his very same environment.
Thus the person who has an unclean heart relates towards other human beings in a way which serves his passions and acts wrongly towards nature, by abusing it. Christ himself reveals: "For from within, out of the heart of man, come evil thoughts, sexual immorality, theft, murder, adultery, coveting, wickedness, deceit, sensuality, envy, slander, pride, foolishness" (Mark 7, 21-22). Man's heart is full of passions because he does not strive for virtue, neither does he obey the Lord's commands. St Gregory Palamas stresses: "The mind which has rebelled against God either becomes beastly or diabolical; having rebelled against the laws of nature man does not put a limit to his pleasure" (St Gregory Palamas: Homilies. KB). Abba Dorotheos says that a proper conscience defines a person's relationship with others but also with the rest of the creation. Thus in his homily on conscience he says: "To have a proper conscience towards material things means that one does not abuse anything, neither does he let it perish nor throws it away" ( Abba Dorotheos: Ascetic Works, Teaching 3).
Nowadays we have reached such a level of irrationality, such a degree of lack of conscience and such an extensive state of rebellion that the entire human race is threatened with partial or total extinction from a nuclear disaster as a result of war or nuclear accident; from the depletion of the ozone layer as a result of the increase of harmful substances in the air and from the increased desertification and the pollution of waters.
For example, it is said that the constantly increasing average temperature of the earth causes the melting of the ice in the poles. If the polar ice melts the average level of the oceans will rise by 70 meters and areas which are inhabited by a quarter of the earth's population will be submerged in water. It is estimated that every year, 24 billion tons of soil is lost from all continents. During the last few decades the volume of soil lost was equal to the farming land of the entire United States. The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) estimates that desertification costs some 40 billion dollars a year. Almost all subsoil waters in Europe have been polluted by substances harmful to man, making them undrinkable. This is the direct result of the over fertilization of farmlands because of intensive farming. The ongoing successes in Genetics which may culminate in the human cloning will cause terrible moral and social consequences. The nuclear waste is increasing so much that the United States alone has massed seven hundred thousand tons of depleted uranium, which has become very costly to store and thus it is being used in the creation of bombs. However, these issues will be more extensively dealt with by the scientists who will speak at the conference tomorrow.
Throughout history, mankind has experienced ecological disasters which have been described in the Holy Scriptures. It is worth turning our attention to the causes of these disasters and not to the historical events themselves. In the God inspired passages of the Holy Scriptures, the incarnate Word-God and the Fathers of the Church refer to the various causes and their effects and not to the precise way they took place and progressed; they talk about the causation of beings and not their substance. The latter is something immaterial for the Holy Scriptures and the Patristic Tradition but not for science which treats it as its main subject. Scientific method, relying on the rational faculties of man, contributes towards the development of the material knowledge of substances. Theology, however, which relies on the experiences of the saints and especially on the perception of God exclusively through the mind- as defined by the Patristic writings-, leads man to experience the Uncreated One.
source: Translated by Olga Konari Kokkinou from the Greek edition: Αρχιμ. Εφραίμ Βατοπαιδινού Καθηγουμένου Ι. Μ. Μ. Βατοπαιδίου, Αθωνικός Λόγος, Ιερά Μεγίστη Μονή Βατοπαιδίου, Άγιον Όρος 2010.


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It's time for another fun challenge over at Die Cuttin' Divas. We are continuing our holiday spirit challenge. Last challenge entries were amazing!! I hope you will come and join our challenge
Die Cutting Diva's challenge
Theme: Holiday Spirit
For my project today I made a gift bag for one of the aids at my daughters class. I need to get busy and finished the rest. I need to make a total of 12. I added a mini lotion, a lip balm and a small candy cane. I will try to share pictures of the rest once im done with them.
Cartridge: Simply Charmed
Santa cut @ 2in.
Tag 4 by 2in.
green mat 3 11/16 by 2 in.
Fiskar punch
Sentiment Season Greetings is from My Mind's Eyes 12 days of Christmas stamp set
clear gift bags 4 by 9 1/2 in.
Thank you for stopping by and leaving your sweet comments. Please don't forget to visit the rest of the DT and check out there amazing projects


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The Shadows of Kent
Home Page
The Shadows of Kent
The Shadows of Kent is a game with a myriad of goals both within the game world and for the development team.
Firstly the game will be played using the PBM Engine, a roll and keep system developed by Daniel Raino and Sarah Self. This system is still in relatively early development and one goal of The Shadows of Kent is to help enrich that development process.
Another goal I have in mind for this game is to revive a sense of ownership and fidelity within the game world by having a strong but geographically small world with meaningful denizens who the players care about and rely on. I hope to achieve this by having the game take place in just a few locations and by having the player characters become embedded within their community through things like land ownership, titles, and guild responsibilities. I recognize that competent NPCs can be dangerous because it is important to keep the spot light on the PCs. I consider this aspect of the game to experimental and look forward to feed back.
Finally one of the major guiding principles in the development of this game is abstraction over simulation. This game is not meant to approximate reality. It is meant to provide a medium for story telling. It is my hope that much of the world building will be collaborative and improvisational and that those flashes of creativity find purchase on a strong skeleton created by relevant NPCs and a cohesive setting.


text: Many year ago I dropped in to visit a friend just as some film was starting on TV. He grabbed a couple of beers from the fridge and we sat down in front of the TV and started to chat. Slowly the conversation ground to halt as both of us were transfixed by the visuals and were laughing a lot by the antics of the characters in the movie. I hadn't seen it before and didn't know a thing about it and was pleasantly surprised by it. In fact, I loved it. I liked it so much that I then set out to find it on video (as it was back then). I didn't know it at the time but the film had been withdrawn on video and was therefore no longer released and available. I had to search the second had video stores...which I did...for three years. I popped into every video store I passed, searching through the bargain bins or scanning the racks of videos on the walls in the hope that i'd fnd a copy. The search seemed never ending and then one day .... there it was sittng on a shelf in a second hand video store in some backstreet in Eastbourne. I was overjoyed and grabbed it then and there. I still have that very old VHS copy. So today's skecth by me is of one of the main characters from that very Chiodo Brothers film. Today the letter K is for .... Killer Klowns from Outer Space.


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Image courtesy of FIBA
The Junior Women's National Team (JWNT) won 69-67 in a close game against the Netherlands at the 2013 FIBA U19 World Championship for Women. With Thursday's win-by-forfeit over Senegal, Canada moves to 2-0 in the competition. In the Canada's first competitive action of the tournament, Jamie Weisner led the team with 33 points and 10 rebounds.
Kamloops, B.C. native Emma Wolfram started the game well for the JWNT with five early points to propel Canada to a quick 12-9 lead. The Netherlands answered with a 9-3 run to go ahead 18-17 after the game's first 10 minutes. The second quarter turned out to be the most important for Team Canada in an otherwise close game as the JWNT outscored the Netherlands 18-7 in the period, including an 8-0 run. Weisner finished the half with 12 points and five rebounds.
The Dutch side mounted a comeback to open the second half, outscoring Canada 17-14, but the Red and White held a seven-point advantage heading into the final frame. In a hectic fourth quarter, the Netherlands pulled within two points and would go on to outscore the JWNT by a count of 25-20, but Canada held strong in the final minute to come away with the win.
Weisner was brilliant for the Canadians, shooting 82 per cent on a 14-of-17 performance from the field; she compiled 33 points, grabbed 10 rebounds – including four on the offensive end – and notched three assists. Saicha Grant-Allen finished with 10 points and seven rebounds on the day. Emily Potter provided a spark off the bench and contributed six points and six rebounds. The JWNT's rebounding edge was a big factor in the win as they collected 49 rebounds to the opposition's 29; Canada capitalized by scoring 20 second-chance points in the match. The game's full set of statistics can be viewed here.
"Our team is really excited about our first win after not playing yesterday," Weisner said after the game. "We rebounded really well tonight and that helped us in running our offence. We still have some work to do on defence and we will have to get ready for tomorrow."
"We gave a superb team effort today," said head coach Scott Edwards. "Our team showed toughness after missing a game yesterday and had a great team effort rebounding. Our commitment to each other defensively helped us win this game. We had an exceptional offensive performance from Jamie Weisner. We now have to set our sights on the next game and maintain focus on our game plan."
Canada will face France on Saturday at 8:45 a.m. (ET) in a clash of two 2-0 teams. The match will be the final game of preliminary round play, after which the top three teams in Canada's Group C and the top three seeds of Group D – consisting of the host country, Team USA, China and Mali – will join together and form Group F in the round of 12.


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Island Real Estate of Anna Maria Island
We are Island Real Estate - Anna Maria Island's leading full service Real Estate Agency, specializing in waterfront properties, vacation rentals, investment property, beach homes, island homes and more. We focus on Anna Maria Island, Bradenton, Longboat Key and Perico Bay, offering the best real estate services since 1970. Whether it's a few days or for a lifetime, Island Real Estate can help you find you the perfect "peace" of paradise.
For many years Island Real Estate has dominated the Anna Maria Island Real Estate market. Our office consistently represents 25% to 35% of all Anna Maria Island Real Estate transactions. With 10 handpicked, full-time real estate sales professionals it provides the proof that Island Real Estate is the best real estate company supporting Anna Maria Island and surrounding areas. While our results speak for themselves we think our services do too. We are the only Real Estate office open seven days a week and phones open until 8pm Monday-Friday. You won't encounter an automated attendant calling Island Real Estate - we have a human answering our phones 24 hours per day, 7 days per week, all year long!
With all the real estate companies located on Anna Maria Island the decision can be difficult until you consider this; our closest real estate sales competition accounts for less than half the volume as Island Real Estate produces. Island Real Estate also offers Vacation Rental Services. The concept of a Vacation Rental Home is a fairly new option in the accommodation industry. With the lack of hotels on Anna Maria Island, a Vacation Rental becomes the perfect choice for travelers to the island. In the past 10 years, Island Real Estate Vacation Rentals has become the leader in offering luxury and semi-luxurious beach vacation rentals. With close to 300 selective vacation rentals to choose from, any potential visitor is sure to find their perfect beach cottage, luxury private pool home, Gulf Front Villa or holiday waterfront cottage. Our state of the art website is sure to help you find your perfect Anna Maria Island getaway. Just type in your dates, amenity expectations and be ready to forget your scavenger hunt for your perfect holiday Bradenton Beach, Holmes Beach, or Anna Maria City beach rental. Give us a call and experience our excellent customer service!


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No Recent Price Change
169 Mary Ellen Dr
Charleston, SC 29403
- Residential
- Single Family Detached
- Sold
Agent Remarks
Longborough, one owner home, neighborhood dock on the Ashley River. Heart pine floors through out, Travertine baths, exceptional trim package, and gas lanterns. This magnificent home features living room, fireplace with built in book cases and shelving. Dining open to kitchen, breakfast bar, Viking gas 6 burner cook top, double ovens,large pantry, Granite counter top. Master bedroom can accommodate king bed, custom closet, master bath has jetted tub, shower with 4 jets and 2 heads, double vanities. Library, study, climate control storage. French doors lead to two front porches, deck and screened porch to enjoy all the views. All 3 HVAC units replaced in 2015. This home can be sold alone or with the lot next door at 167 Mary Ellen Dr for $1,400,000. Can park 2 medium size cars in garage.
Sale Info
Listing Date: 09-12-2017
Sold Date: 04-26-2018
Aprox Days on Market:
7 month, 13 days ago
Listing Sold:
8 month, 25 days ago
Baths Info
Halfbaths: 1
Fullbaths: 3
Building Info
Year Built: 2007
Floors: Wood
Foundation: Elv. Construction
Exterior Features
Misc Ext: Patio - Covered, Dock - Existing, Porch - Full Front, Lawn Irrigation, Porch - Screened, Thermal Windows/doors, Porch - Front Porch
Interior Features
Msc Intr: Ceilings - 9+, Garden Tub/shower, Ceiling - Smooth, Walk-in Closets
Lot Info
Acres: 0
Lot Desc: High, Inside, Level, Marshview, Riverview
Misc Features
Auction: No
Parking Info
Gar Pkg: Attached, Off-street Parking, 1 Car Garage
Property Features
Amenity: Cable Tv Available, Dock Facilities, Trash Pickup
Desclocation: Gas Logs, Living Room, One
Green: Tankless Water Heater
Roof: Architectural
Style: Traditional
Stories: 3 Stories
Special: Flood Insurance
Rooms Info
Beds: 4
Ground Level: No
Rooms: Eat-in-kitchen, Formal Living, Foyer, Laundry, Pantry, Separate Dining, Study
SqFt Info
Sqft: 3,538
Utilities / HVAC
Cooling: Central
Heat: Heat Pump
Water Sewer: Public Sewer, Public Water
Elem: James Simons
Middle: Courtenay
High: Burke
Courtesy of listing office Carolina One Real Estate


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Monday, December 28, 2009
Most often, as we all know too well, our relationship ends before it can begin and we want you to know that we grieve for every "no thank you" we send. We are always amazed by your courage, your ideas, your talent and sometimes, your madness.
Sometimes we feel like psychiatrists when the query is a raw and bleeding cry for help—an attempt to work out childhood abuse, rotten luck in love, or appalling loneliness. At these times our inadequacy is so obvious and we wish we could reach out and help. But that's not our job.
Our job is to try to find the needle in the haystack, the idea, the skill, the talent that may have what it takes to overpower a publisher's cynical editorial board. It's a daunting task, but one worth pursuing. Without all of you we would be nowhere and we want you to know that.
As always, we encourage you to keep trying. If we say no, another agent might jump at your idea. If we reject your book, it may find life elsewhere. Perhaps you need to rethink your premise, to rewrite your pitch and try again. Just know that we and many other agents support your efforts and really want it to work. We know how hard you struggle and we appreciate the work you do—even when we reject it so coolly.
The face of publishing is crumbling under our feet and turning into something different. We are all hanging on for our lives, trying to figure out what our roles will be in 2010. But one thing is certain. People want to read stories and good writing will never go out of style.
Happy New Year! Jon and Kae
2 comments:
I am so grateful that you've written this heartening entry. I'm glad to see such a human side from those who often seem like angels with the keys to heaven.
Hurdles make us stronger. Right? :)
Thanks for this. And for being among the few agents who don't specify "NO SCI-FI"! :)
- January 2, 2010 at 1:28 AM
Thank you so much for your kind words. I enjoyed the previous entry as well.
Oh, to be elderly....
I work with a lot of geratric patients. To be completely honest I work in 16 different specialty clinics in Group Health Cooperative here in Tacoma, WA. Every day I see a pateint struggling to get out of thier wheelchair to complete as task as simple as stepping onto a scale. I can't help but envision myself in that chair one day. What will I be like then? I hope I'm not a cranky old lady... Then I start to think of my next house... It will have to be wheel chair excessable so when it's time to start taking care of my elderly folk they can just move right in.... Second master on the main level.... minivan with a wheelchair ramp... The nissan quest is nice... I know how you feel.....
- January 6, 2010 at 12:27 PM


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Adele's 'Someone Like You' has been revealed as one of the most streamed love songs.
The singer's break-up song completes the top ten most popular love songs on Spotify, which were announced ahead of Valentine's Day this week.
Richard Marx's 'Right Here Waiting' tops the list as the most streamed romantic song, with Foreigner's 'I Want To Know What Love Is' in second place and Sir Elton John's 'Your Song' in third.
Celine Dion places fourth for her Titanic theme 'My Heart Will Go On', while Diana Ross's 'Endless Love' completes the top five.
Meanwhile, Spotify has also launched a playlist of the 101 greatest love songs of the last 100 years, featuring the likes of Beyoncé, INXS, A-Ha, Alicia Keys, Barry White and Amy Winehouse.
The ten most streamed love songs appear below:
1. Richard Marx: 'Right Here Waiting'
2. Foreigner: 'I Want To Know What Love Is'
3. Elton John: 'Your Song'
4. Celine Dion: 'My Heart Will Go On'
5. Diana Ross: 'Endless Love'
6. Michael Jackson: 'I Just Can't Stop Loving You'
7. George Michael: 'Careless Whisper'
8. Ronan Keating: 'When You Say Nothing At All'
9. Sinead O'Connor: 'Nothing Compares 2 U'
10. Adele: 'Someone Like You'
Listen to Spotify's 101 greatest love songs playlist below:


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Every seven minutes a child is bullied. According to the New York Senate and Buckfire Law, New York is one of the worst five states when it comes to bullying. Here are resources for parents to look though to educate themselves on this important subject. Awareness is key to preventing bullying.
The US Department of Health and Human Services' National Bullying Prevention Campaign "Take a Stand. Lend a Hand. Stop Bullying Now!" defines bullying as "aggressive behavior that is intentional and involves an imbalance of power or strength." Usually, it is repeated over time. There are many types of bullying including: physical, verbal, indirect, and cyberbullying.
According to Avatar Counseling Innovations, a family and child counseling center, there are several things that parents should look for if they suspect their child or adolescent is being bullied.
1. Sudden changes in attitude towards school or school avoidance.
2. Changes in disposition or behavior while at home.
3. Significant drop in grades.
4. Unexplained cuts and bruises and other injuries.
5. Changes in social patterns, activities and friends.
6. Shows signs of depression.
Important statistics on bullying:
[Source: Buckfire and Buckfire.com]
Resources for Bullying
BiasHELP, Inc.
BiasHELP, Inc. is dedicated to preventing and addressing discrimination, harassment, violence, and bullying. For victims of discrimination, bullying, technobullying/cyberbullying or a hate crime, call its hotline toll-free for immediate assistance at 1-877-END-BIAS (363-2427). The Center will help victims understand their rights, explore their options and come up with a game plan that works for them.
Where: 60 Adams Avenue Suite 102, Hauppauge, NY 11788
Contact info: 631-479-6015
CAPS Bully Prevention Center
The CAPS Bully Prevention Center was created as a support and resource for parents. CAPS helps children, parents, teachers and the community to work together. The objective is to keep children safe from harm.
Where: PO Box 176 Roslyn, NY 11576-0176
Contact info: 516-621-0552
Jamie Issacs Foundation
The goal of the Jamie Issacs Foundation is to help children and families. The foundation strives to teach methods to overcome the devastating effects that bullying can have on kids and the entire family.
Where: PO Box 134 Lake Grove, NY 11755
Contact info: 888-936-6285
Olweus Bullying Prevention Program
The Olweus Bullying Prevention Program is a program designed to improve peer relations and make schools safer. Its goal is to create positive places for students to learn and develop. The program states that its main goals of the program include reducing existing bullying problems, preventing the development of new bullying problems, and achieving better peer relations at school.
Where: National program implemented in local schools
Contact Info: 800-328-9000, Ext. 4814
Response of Suffolk County, Inc.
The response of Suffolk County crisis intervention hotline is open every day. There are professionally trained and supervised volunteers on staff to offer callers telephone support and help explore options. The volunteers do not offer therapy or advise. Volunteers are able to provide referrals for support groups, clinicians, mental health clinics, other hotlines and community programs, and services.
Where: PO Box 300 Stonybrook, NY 11790
Contact info: 631- 751-7500
By Tara Arichabala


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The Gamasutra Job Board is the most diverse, active and established board of its kind for the video game industry!
Here is just one of the many, many positions being advertised right now.
Location: Santa Monica, California
The Senior Gameplay Engineer will be responsible for creating the most impactful interactive moments with the simplest possible execution. Our games rely on rich moment-to-moment feedback systems to accentuate a player's actions and create a living world. We're looking for a someone to bring our game worlds to life.
Some broad examples of the types of systems a person in this role might work on:
This role requires a candidate with:
You will be more likely to enjoy this job if you:
Interested? Apply now.
Whether you're just starting out, looking for something new, or just seeing what's out there, the Gamasutra Job Board is the place where game developers move ahead in their careers.
Gamasutra's Job Board is the most diverse, most active, and most established board of its kind in the video game industry, serving companies of all sizes, from indie to triple-A.
Looking for a new job? Get started here. Are you a recruiter looking for talent? Post jobs here.


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Bit of a milestone here on PhilosFX.
Can you guess what it is?
You are looking at the 800th post published on this blog.
The first of 800 posts here on PhilosFX was published 1,645 days ago. Since then, new posts have been published at the rate of one every other day, garnering an average of 200 views each (range is 0 to 25,250) for a total of 164,000 views, or about 100 views per day (range is 0 to 400).
I have 75 posts in draft right now and an seemingly endless supply of topics to write about. Thanks for reading along and encouraging me with comments and suggestions,
On to 1000!


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Business Summary and Financing Packet Template
Budget $1500-3000 USD
We need help creating a business summary and financing packet template to use with small business owners who need financing. We are looking for someone who has been on the receiving end of a financing packet while working in commercial banking, investment banking, private equity, or venture capital.
25 freelancers are bidding on average $1966 for this job
Greetings! Ranked the #1 business plan writer on www.Freelancer.com since 2010, I thank you for the opportunity to work on this important project. I have created more than 800 business plans, financial and marketing More
I have the background and experience to do the in-depth market research and write your business plan with complete analysis and financial projection. I have more than 4 years' experience in business development. I have More
PMP certified project manager, MBA in marketing and professional business analyst, market researcher and writer in the field of business plans, presentations, project management, Relevant Skills and Experience marketi More
Dear esteemed client, I possess exceptional business writing skills and experience. I have successfully completed over 2000 related projects and the responses are positively overwhelming as you can see from my reviews More
Hello! We are extremely interested in this project and would love to work on this project, please reply back to discuss further. Looking forward to hearing from you soon. Thanks!
"Business Planning and Investor Presentations / Detailed Corporate and Project Analysis / Dynamic Financial Modeling and Forecasting / Budgeting / StrategyExperienced banking and finance professional with an extensive More
I offer well researched, creative and engaging writing that delivers your goals. Professional at all times, my service produces the highest quality outcomes for your project, on time, every time. Relevant Skills and E More
Greetings! I am a Business consultant specialized in Grants, business plans, Pitch decks, feasibility studies, Strategy Development, Market Research & Analysis and business presentation writing. I have successfully com More
I will provide well-researched business plan with my senior level business experience. You may validate my profile as "Preferred Freelancer" and trust score - 100%. Relevant Skills and Experience I am a qualified fin More


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By scarybiscuit
If they do lbpv team picks this would be one its that amazing you never lost creativity
This level made me crazy for your work! Bwehehe! Anyway love the dark, gloomy, and supprisingly accurate representation of this asylum! I died quite a bit but thats because im just bad. There was a time where i did manage to escape the level but it didnt take away the expirence! Love it as usual!
Good job mr.Bicuit i hearted you ur a great creater


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The Arc'teryx attention to performance details, focus on delivering maximum functionality with minimalist design, and unrivaled commitment to craftsmanship combine in a fast, light, hardwearing pack for climbers and ski alpinists. It begins with the materials. Highly weather resistant, light in weight, and designed for the rigors of ice and granite, the N400-AC² pack fabric is coated inside and out to create an air and water impermeable fabric that resists almost any weather condition and is very resistant to abrasion.
- Weather-resistant, durable
- WaterTight™ external zippers
- Main compartment pocket
- External zippered document pocket with key clip
- Rigid, formed backpanel provides support and structure while remaining comfortable against the back
- Reflective white interior makes it easier to see items inside the pack
- Dual haul loops/carry handles permit hauling or clipping off at a snow anchor
- Fully seam-sealed for water resistance
- Arc'teryx AC² (Advanced Composite Construction) suspension system
- Adjustable, removable sternum strap
- Thermoformed shoulder strap
- RollTop™ closure
- Volume: 45 L
- Weight: 0.65 kg / 23 oz
- N400r-AC² nylon 6 ripstop
- N70r-HT nylon 6,6 ripstop
- N100mr-HT nylon 6,6 mini-ripstop
- HyPUR-cel® Foam
- Burly™ Double Weave - 46% nylon / 46% polyester / 8% elastane
- N400r-AC² nylon 6 ripstop
- HD 80 foam back panel


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An Election Night Viewing Party
Lake View | Website
This event occurred in the past.
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Prepare yourself for the election results with beer and good company. WBEZ and 312 combine their powers to present a boozy political party and concert featuring local "freedom rock" band Statutes of Liberty.