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The 400 year period in Sudan following Kushite rule in Egypt is known as the "Napatan Period," since it used to be thought that during this era Napata was the political capital of the kingdom. It is now generally assumed that this city, except perhaps in the eighth century BCE, may never have been more than the chief religious center of the kingdom and that the real political capital, at least from the early sixth century BCE on, was Meroë, about 275 km to the southeast. Throughout the period, however, all royal burials took place in the vicinity of Napata: twenty kings at Nuri, with single kings buried at el-Kurru and Jebel Barkal. Of all these kings, only seven are known by major inscriptions. The rest are known only by the names preserved in their tombs.
The surviving documents of the period, all written in Egyptian, reveal that the rulers, if indeed they made Meroë their primary residence, continued to make regular visits to Jebel Barkal for their coronations, for the annual New Year ceremonies in early August, and for consultation of its oracle on matters of state and the conduct of war. During these journeys, they also visited the other sanctuaries of the kingdom downstream, celebrated festivals at each, initiated building projects at all of them, presented gifts to the gods at each, and waged wars against the peoples on all sides of their periphery.
The Napatan Period, which came to an end in the mid-third century BCE, was an era when the Kushites rather slavishly imitated Egyptian models in art, architecture, and burial customs and practiced a religion derived largely from the Egyptian of the New Kingdom, with Amun as the state god. During this time royal inscriptions were written exclusively in the Egyptian language using Egyptian hieroglyphic writing.
The era in Kush after the Napatan Period – from the third century BCE to the fourth century CE – is known as the "Meroitic Period." This period is thought to have begun when the rulers transferred the site of their pyramids to Meroë, a moment which also broadly coincides with a marked shift away from Egyptian cultural and artistic norms, the introduction of new gods into the pantheon, the appearance of new forms of royal costume and standards of beauty that are distinctly central African, and with the introduction of a novel Kushite alphabetic script and the increasingly dominant use of the native tongue ("Meroitic") for formal inscriptions. Since the Meroitic language has not yet been deciphered, except at the most rudimentary level, our knowledge of post-Napatan, Meroitic history is dependent almost entirely on archaeological data and on a few surviving contemporary Greek and Roman commentaries.
Napatan Kingship
Kushite kingship traditions during the Napatan Period were borrowed almost wholly from the Egyptian of the New Kingdom, although certain non-Egyptian features, such as the rules of succession, clearly indicate indigenous survivals. Whether the Kushites had any memory of a native kingship prior to the Egyptian colonial era is not known, but the chiefs of Napata who appeared out of the mists of the ninth century BCE at el-Kurru, and who within a century went on to conquer Egypt, always cast themselves as the direct successors and heirs of the imperial Egyptian pharaohs. Any real blood relationship with them, however, is almost certainly out of the question. In their minds their relationship to the New Kingdom rulers would have been based on the myth of their common paternity by Amun, which meant that they were all heirs to the so-called "royal ka."
The Royal Myth
Like the Egyptians, the Kushites believed that their kingship was handed down from the sun god Re at the beginning of time. Just as the New Kingdom pharaohs, centuries earlier, had identified Jebel Barkal, with its uraeus-shaped pinnacle, as the place where Amun "of Karnak" had introduced Upper Egyptian kingship to earth, thus legitimizing their authority to rule Kush as a part of Upper Egypt, the Kushites revived this tradition and used it to justify their own claims, first, to rule Upper Egypt and, later, all of Egypt. In this manner they could present their rule over Egypt during the eighth and seventh centuries BCE as a continuity of the rule of the New Kingdom pharoahs. When they lost control of Egypt to the Assyrians and the rulers of Sais (Dynasty 26), they continued to use the Jebel Barkal kingship traditions to present themselves as the only true kings and heirs of Amun, as they now reconceptualized Kush as Kemet ("the Black Land") and Nesut-Tawy ("the Two Lands") (i.e. Egypt).
To his subjects, the king of Kush presented himself as the "bodily" son of the sun god (Amun-Re) and his earthly manifestation (ka), endowed with the same divine creative powers. Thus his coronation – his kha'y ("appearance in glory") - was thought a re-enactment of the creation of the world, a symbolic sunrise and rebirth of the state. A similar metaphoric repeat of the beginning of time also took place each New Year's Day. It was this day, about August 7, that marked beginning of the Nile's rise, the renewed fertility of the earth, and the end of the killing heat of summer. The inundation led to the harvest of the crops in the fall, which was followed by the cooling, salubrious days of mid-winter. These in turn led again to the heat, violent sandstorms and death-like torpor of late spring and summer, when the whole cycle was again repeated. Each of these seasons had festivals that required the active participation of the king to ensure that the kingdom successfully passed through the year without undue suffering at the hands of feared deities or rebellious enemy peoples.
The Coronation
The most important ritual event in the kingdom of Kush was the coronation of the king, which generally took place first in a great public spectacle at Jebel Barkal and was repeated in annual versions every new Year's Day. This ceremony was then repeated on a smaller scale at each of the other great Amun sanctuaries of the kingdom: especially Kawa and Pnubs. Most of the known royal stelae of the Napatan Period describe this ceremony, and it was even one of the few Kushite ("Aithiopian") customs mentioned by the Greek historian Diodorus in the first century BCE.
In Kush, after the death of a king, the choice of a successor was said (by the official propaganda) to have been left to the great god Amun himself. The reality was that the successor was probably already known before the old king's death. The god's formal oracular choice simply made it official. From their surviving inscriptions, we know that Kings Irike-amanote and Nastasen knew they were to assume the royal office before they went before the god at Napata.
Diodorus reported that the priests "elected" the king from among themselves and that the chosen one was accepted by the multitude when formally "seized" by the god. Once a candidate was identified as the new king, the people immediately prostrated themselves before him and honored him as a god. The story parallels almost precisely what we know from actual Napatan texts, except that the royal successor seems to have been chosen not from among the priesthood but from among the king's surviving brothers or nephews, most of whom were apparently officers in the army. The army, in fact, seems generally to have been present at these events. Although in Egypt a pharaoh was customarily succeeded by his own son, in Kush he was generally succeeded by one of his brothers or by the son of one of his sisters. Only after his successor's reign was over, so it seems, could his own son be considered for the throne.
The most complete account of the enthronement ceremony at Jebel Barkal is preserved in the Coronation Stele of Aspelta. Here the king states that after the unexpected death of his predecessor - his brother, Anlamani - the army and all the great officials gathered at Jebel Barkal to ask the god (through his priests) to signify his choice for successor. The priests then entered the great temple together with the army commanders and officials, and, prostrating themselves before the god, they put the question to him. At this point all of Anlamani's brothers were paraded before Amun, who declined to choose any of them. Finally when Aspelta appeared before the god, Amun spoke, saying "This is your king." At this point, Aspelta entered the sanctuary, found there the crowns and scepters of former kings, put on the crown of Anlamani, and stepped forth into the open again, where he was acclaimed by the troops and massed throng.
Other textual data indicates that the king's mother played a paramount role in the ceremony. We know, for example, that the actual crowning of the king often took place in a separate temple called the Per-wer ("Great House") and that the act of putting the crown on the king's head was performed by a goddess called Weret-Hekau ("Great of Magic") (goddess of the crowns). Her role, however, seems to have been played by the king's mother, transformed into the goddess by "great magic." The Per-Wer temple at Jebel Barkal was almost certainly B 1100, which was constructed directly in front of the pinnacle – which was imagined as a colossal natural image of the royal uraeus.
Royal Names and Titles
In the Kushite language, the king was known as the Koré . In formal texts in Egyptian, he assumed all the normal titles of a pharaoh as well as the pharaoh's usual series of five names. In actuality, however, he used only two of these names with any regularity: the name that he was born with, and a special "throne name," which he received when he was publicly acknowledged by the god Amun-Re as his own son. This name identified the king as a unique aspect or ka of the god. Among examples of such names are Ankh-ka-Re "The ka of Re lives" (Anlamani), Ka-ankh-Re, "Living ka of Re" (Nastasen), Mery-ka-Re, "Beloved ka of Re" (Aspelta), Sekhem-ka-Re, "The ka of Re is Powerful" (Malonaqen), and Nefer-ka-Re, "The ka of Re is Beautiful" (Analma'aye). While some throne names made no reference to the ka, they nevertheless expressed the same sentiment: for example, Sa-mery-Amun, "Beloved Son of Amun" (Harsiotef), or A'a-kheper-Re, "Great is the manifestation of Re" (Amani-nataki-lebte).
Royal Costume
The preferred crown of the king of Kush in Dynasty 25 and the Napatan Period was a kind of tight fitting, ornamented skull-cap to which were affixed two uraei rather than the usual single uraeus worn by Egyptian kings. The bodies of the two uraei wound over the top of the crown, ending in two cloth bands or ribbons, which hung down over the ruler's back. Because of the similarity in shape of the Kushite cap crown to the outline of Jebel Barkal when seen from the east (=upstream, "south"), there seems little reason to doubt that the crown was designed to simulate the shape of the mountain (See Part III, C).
The "cap crown" was accompanied by a distinctive cord necklace, which wound once about the neck and left the ends to fall forward over the shoulders. Ram-head pendants, representing the face of the Amun of Napata, or Nubia in a general sense, were fastened to it at the throat and at each end. Identical pendants were sometimes worn as earrings.
Royal Women
Like the king, who was thought to be a son and living manifestation (ka) of Amun-Re, his sisters were thought to be "daughters of Re" and hence living manifestations of the great goddesses, who were also thought to be the god's daughters, consorts, and mothers. The king and his mother, sisters, and daughters, therefore, were thought to mirror on earth the family of gods in heaven, and thus they were able to assume by magic any of the diverse roles, names, and identities of the gods in rituals. Since the goddesses were understood to be the protectors of Amun-Re, especially when transformed into uraei, the women of the royal family must also have been seen as the king's divine protectors and his own living uraei.
The female hierarchy of the royal family was probably based on seniority of bloodline and age, with the king's mother having the highest status. Since the king was identified as a child of Amun, it was his mother whom the god had chosen to love, and whom, disguised as her husband, he had impregnated. She therefore had the highly venerated status of god's consort, which made her a living equal of Mut, Hathor, Isis, and all the other great goddesses who were so often represented as divine mothers of the king. Since these goddesses and others so often assumed the identities of each other interchangeably, it follows that the king's mother, who was also their "sister", would have had the same ability to assume their identities "by magic" in the same way. Thus at times a king's mother might be likened to the sky goddess Nut, mother of the gods (as her husband, the king, was likened to the earth god Geb). In this context she may also have been a royal grandmother - the living mother of a deceased king (an "Osiris") – as Nut herself was the mother of Osiris. Again, she could be likened to Mut, mother of the gods and consort of the king (just as her husband was likened to Amun). Or she might be likened to Hathor, primeval generatrix (as her husband was so frequently likened to Re-Atum). Or she might be likened to Isis, mother of Horus (as her deceased husband was to Re or Osiris). The king's mother and/or wife appear on virtually all the royal Napatan stelae, suggesting that no major interaction of the king with the great gods was possible without the ritual involvement of one or several of the royal women, who acted as intermediaries.
Second in status to the king's mother was his "great royal wife," who was probably a daughter of a former king and held the rank of chief consort, if indeed she was not the king's very own sister. Although there was only one "great royal wife" at any one time, over the course of a king's lifetime, more than one wife might accede to the title if a former queen predeceased her husband. These ladies also performed rituals together with the king, and appear both on the stelae and on temple reliefs. The king surely also maintained a large harem of lesser wives and concubines, either drawn from the royal family or political marriages. Each king thus must have had many children, but they are never mentioned unless they either became kings themselves or assumed high office. Kings' sons could become priests, governors, or military commanders. Kings' daughters or sisters were given as wives to high officials or were given high female priestly positions in the Amun temples.
Despite the official dogma that the king was the god's son, Aspelta (ca. 600-580 BCE) still felt the need to justify his right to the throne by more orthodox genealogy. In a speech in his Coronation Stele, this genealogy is put into the mouth of Amun, who identifies Aspelta's natural father as "my son, the Son of Re (King so-and-so [name erased])" and his mother as "King's Sister, King's Mother, Mistress of Kush, Daughter of Re (Nasalsa [name erased])." This was followed by the genealogy of Nasalsa, who, we learn, was the direct descendant of six generations of "king's sisters," which also implies that she was the direct descendant of seven generations of kings. The male line required no mention, since it was accepted that the king's father was always Amun (of his ka). It was the queen's line that guaranteed the passage of royal blood. In Aspelta's case, if there had been any controversy about the correctness of the oracle granting him the throne, he could show direct royal descent, through the female line, through seven generations.
The King's Activities
Since he was a "son of Re (the Sun)," the king's activities were often described in solar terms. When he was crowned, he "appeared in glory" like the rising sun. When he departed his palace, he went forth "as Re shines in the horizon." His perfume vials described his unguents as the "sweat of Re." His mirrors, with their round disks explicitly symbolizing the face of the sun, were designed so that when he gazed into their polished metal faces, he saw his own face reflected in the face of his "father."
While the king may have engaged in hunting sports, archery, and horse riding, the traditions report that he normally stayed inside his palace compound in god-like seclusion. He seems to have ventured forth only to embark on certain annual or semi-annual ceremonial journeys to the other towns throughout the kingdom and to preside over regular rituals. With the exception of their royal predecessors of Dynasty 25, the later Napatan kings seem seldom or never to have led their armies in person, although there is good reason to believe that prior to becoming kings, many or all had active careers in the military.
The Palace
Through most of the Napatan period the king seems to have resided mainly at Meroë, but he had palaces in all the major towns, where he dwelt when visiting to perform cultic duties. The most important surviving palace known from the Napatan period is that at Jebel Barkal (B 1200). This was an enormous mud brick structure, still not fully excavated but perhaps about 70 m by 70 m. in area. It had stone columns and stone doorways, and had staircases at the eastern and western ends leading up to a second floor or simply a roof plaza. Harsiotef, who describes its restoration in his stele, remarked that it had sixty rooms. Excavation has revealed that the interior walls were plastered white and painted with red, yellow, or blue moldings and murals. One of the lower rooms was a large formal audience hall with high ceilings (3.5 m high) and carved and painted columns. Here the king received officials, dignitaries and priests, and in some rooms undertook personal ablutions prior to visiting the surrounding temples. B 1200 actually preserves a throne room, approximately 9 by 9 m, whose roof was supported by four columns. The stone sockets for the legs of a throne dais or canopy, facing east, can still be seen in the floor. The throne itself, as pictured in reliefs at Nuri, was an armless chair with lions' legs and lions' heads. A larger room, 13 m long, supported by eight columns, led to this throne room, and we can imagine it filled with anxious officials waiting here for the signal to approach the king, who was seated in the smaller, more intimate chamber.
The west end of the Barkal palace preserves a large open kitchen area with many hearths and stone sockets in the ground, possibly for awnings to shade the cooks. Archaeological debris reveals that slaughtered cattle, goats and fowl were cut up here and cooked on the bone. Nile clam shells and date pits suggest other entries on the royal menu. A fragment of a flat bread mold with pictorial motif suggests that some foods were quite fancifully prepared. The debris also yielded a great percentage of mold-made pottery cups, bowls, and plates painted with red rims. Since sherds of this ware were also found in the palace proper, such vessels were evidently used as the royal tableware, although their quality was poor and individual plates and bowls may never have been used more than a few times - perhaps only once!
On a day to day basis, the king probably conducted business in the morning and napped in the heat of the afternoon, as most Sudanese do to this day. The officials most constantly engaged with him were probably those listed in the texts: the "friends" of the royal residence, the palace scribes, the seal bearers of the palace and granaries, the overseers of the granaries, the priests, the military commanders, the king's personal physicians and interpreters of dreams, and of course the members of the king's family, especially his mother, his chief wives and sisters, and his children. The nature of the daily business can only be guessed, but it surely involved briefings on local and distant events, discussions about the inundation - whether too high or too low, whether it would have adverse effects on the food supply - what neighboring tribe might be in revolt and the defensive preparedness of the kingdom, etc. Much of the king's life, though, seems to have centered about the performance of rituals, for it was these that were thought to keep the world in balance and the gods appeased. The king was also expected to pursue wars with the peoples on the edges of the kingdom and to seize their livestock as dedications to the god, thereby keeping the temples supplied with food. As for the temples, he was expected to build new ones or restore and beautify old ones, to keep them supplied with statuary and precious objects, and to keep them staffed. From the texts as well as archaeological evidence we also know that the kings took much delight in planting gardens and orchards around the temples.
The King's Death
The king's death in official inscriptions was a subject treated with the greatest delicacy. A report of the Greek historian Agatharcides of Cnidus, written in the late third century BCE, (and repeated by Diodorus) may explain why. He stated that it was the custom of the most powerful priests "of Meroë" to send a message to the reigning king, as if it were an oracle from Amun himself. This message was an order for the king to end his reign by commiting suicide. "In former times," the historian wrote, "the kings were subject to the priests, without being vanquished by arms or any force at all, but overpowered in their minds by … superstition. " They thus followed the command without question. The custom, however, was said to have been abolished by a king named "Ergamenes" – who was reported to have "received instruction in Greek philosophy" - who upon receipt of his letter, simply marched with his army to "the forbidden place where the golden temple …was situated," put the priests to the sword, and "ordered matters according to his own will." The chronicler noted that "Ergamenes" (the historical Meroitic king Arqamani-qo) was a contemporary of Ptolemy II (ca. 309-246 BCE).
Although this account has been treated skeptically by scholars, there are a number of reasons to suspect it to be at least partly true. First, it explains the obvious archaeological break between the Napatan and Meroitic periods and is chronologically coincident with the date of the move of the royal cemetery from Nuri to Meroë. Second, the custom of putting a king to death when he began to grow infirm is a well-known one in many traditional Sudanese and African societies, even to the late nineteenth century. Killing an old king and replacing him with a younger, healthier man was thought necessary because of the belief that the vitality of the state was dependent on a ruler's good health and vigor. Third, at Nuri there appears to be an elaborate funerary temple (Nu 400), which suggests that the bodies of many of the kings must have been prepared for burial on the site. This would be odd if they lived most of the year at Meroe and died there, for the temple suggests that the kings died and were mummified at Napata. We do know that some kings, like Talakhamani (5th century BCE), did die at Meroe, must have been mummified there, and his body brought across the desert 275 km for burial at Nuri. The difficulty of transporting a king's body from Meroë and preserving it during this trip suggests that at least some of the kings traveled from Meroë alive, died at Napata and were embalmed at Nuri. This may well suggest that at least some of them may have been summoned to Napata "by the god," where they took their own lives, as ordered, to facilitate burial in their pyramids at Nuri.
The King's Burial
The most important surviving monuments of the Napatan Period are the royal pyramids at Nuri. This cemetery was founded by Taharqo, and it was used by nineteen of his successors and fifty-four queens. A twentieth successor and his queen were buried at el-Kurru; a twenty-first was buried in the plain just west of Jebel Barkal.
The Nuri pyramids were erected on a pair of parallel ridges about 1.5 km from the Nile, about 9.7 km northeast of Jebel Barkal on the opposite (left) bank. The kings' pyramids, of solid masonry, averaged about 26 m on a side, and were of variable height, between 20 and 40 m Probably because Taharqo was recognized as the greatest member of the dynasty, his successors allowed his pyramid to remain more than twice the size of any of theirs at about 52 m sq. and 63 m high. The queens' pyramids averaged about 9 m on a side, although near the end of the period the pyramids of the primary queens reached 17 m, attesting to their increasing political importance. Small chapels were built on the eastern sides of the pyramids (facing away from the river toward sunrise); and within these chapels offerings of food and drink were made to the deceased.
The tombs were cut in the bedrock beneath the pyramids. The kings' tombs regularly consisted of three interconnecting chambers; the queens tombs, only two. When well-finished, these rooms were completely painted and carved with Egyptian texts from the "Book of the Dead." Each was entered by a long flight of stairs cut in a descending trench in the rock ledge, far out in front of the chapel entrance. After the burials, the stairway was filled in, camouflaged from the ground, and the chapels were built over their shafts in order to seal the tomb entrances.
Typically Kushite kings and queens of the Napatan period were mummified according to Egyptian practice. Their bodies were wrapped holding gold crooks and flails; their fingers and toes were capped with gold; their faces were covered with gold or electrum masks; and large green stone heart scarabs and gold pectorals were placed over their chests. During mummification, their viscera were removed and placed in large calcite canopic jars. The royal mummies were then encased within carved wooden anthropoid coffins covered with gold foil, inlaid with colored stones set in designs of falcons or vultures with outstretched wings. The coffin eyes were inlaid with gilded bronze, calcite, and obsidian. The coffins were then placed within one or two larger gilded anthropoid coffins. In two cases these nested coffins were placed within huge fully decorated granite sarcophagi, carved with scenes from the Book of the Amduat (See Part III, I). Around the walls of the burial chambers shawabti figures of stone or faience, numbering between several hundred to over a thousand, would be arranged standing. Evidence indicates that the kings were also buried with chests of valuable jewelry, perfume and unguent vessels, and other personal possessions, and a large number of storage jars containing food and drink for the afterlife.
Although the Nuri tombs were all plundered in antiquity, much remained in them revealing what the burials had been like. They were excavated in 1917-18 by Boston archaeologist George A. Reisner, and many of the finds are presently on permanent exhibition in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and the Sudan National Museum, Khartoum.
Copyright 2010 by Timothy Kendall - All articles by T. Kendall unless otherwise noted.


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Teddy Bear Picnic
Thank you to everyone who attended the Friends of HPSP Teddy Bear Picnic on Saturday, June 9, 2012.
We all had a wonderful time. Photographs from the picnic are now available for viewing from our photos page.
Trail Magic!
According to the Appalachian Trail Conservancy, about 2,000 hikers, known as thru-hikers, attempt to hike the entire trail each year, with only 1 in 4 completing the whole journey.
This summer the Friends of High Point State Park are treating
Appalachian Trail thru-hikers to a
cold soda as they pass through the park.
One such hiker, Lucas Laviolet, trail name Plus 3, has been writing a blog, Slower Than That Bear, But Faster Than You, about his adventure on the A.T. and mentioned
: High Point State Park
"The next morning I entered
and received a free Pepsi at
the park headquarters from the Friends of High Point State Park. Thank you
Friends of HPSP!" High Point State Park
|Photo Credit Lucas Laviolet, Plus 3, 2012
So, to all the adventurous souls attempting to thru-hike the
Appalachian Trail…
Welcome to the top of
Jersey – Elev. 1803'
Congratulations on making it to
! High Point State Park
Thank you to Plus 3 for acknowledging the Friends of High Point State Park on your blog. We are happy to see that A.T. thru-hikers are enjoying our little bit of trail magic!
Summer Concert Series
The Friends of High Point State Park are sponsoring FREE concerts on the beach. Please join us for what are sure to be wonderful evenings of music in the park:
June 23 - Mike Lawlor, Jeff Hemmerlin, and Cardon Raquet
July 14 - Patrick Fitzsimmons
Hope to see you on the mountain!

subset: commoncrawl


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Our interaction with Creativenergy was excellent! Linda and her staff did outstanding work for the design and development of our new website as well as other marketing needs that we had. They were creative, helpful, and guided us from beginning to end. We run a music therapy practice and we don't know much about website development, branding, or marketing – where to begin and how to finish. Creativenergy was instrumental in skillfully instructing and coaching us along the way. Creativenergy's response time was very professional. They responded with workflow and returned phone calls or emails in 24 hours, without fail. Beyond their excellent work, that type of professionalism goes a very long way with me. The process of branding, logo and website design is not an easy process. Creativenergy was extremely patient with us in all of their interaction with us. I highly recommend Creativenergy for any branding, marketing, and design needs. I look forward to dealing with them again in the future.


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The new birth: It's an act of God's sovereign power and the vital phase of a person's salvation. In this broadcast Pastor Winslett considers the two natures that a born again person has from the moment of salvation up until they lay their bodies down at death. Forever changed, those who are born again have two opposing natures, one of Adam and the other of Christ, at constant warfare within them. And so, it cannot be said that the new birth makes no difference in a person's life. At the same time, it cannot be said that child of God will automatically become more and more holy as his life progresses. Join us as we study through this most fundamental, but often misunderstood subject.
Radio broadcast for March 19, 2017


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At North Beach, we like to be prepared in the event of an emergency. Part of our plan includes creating a Comfort Kit (student emergency kits) for each student in the building. Read the items to be included and send your child's comfort kit at the start of school.
This supply list will allow you to begin your school shopping when you see sales this summer. Your classroom teacher may have additional specific requests in the fall.
The Seattle School Board adopted the 2017-18 school calendar at the June 7 board meeting.
Students will be released 75 minutes early every Wednesday, except for the first day of school. This is to support improved teacher collaboration and student academic performance.
This summer our district and school websites are receiving a major facelift. Our first priority for the website redesign project is to ensure families, students, staff, and community can easily find critical district and school resources.
North Beach start and end times: 2015-16 Schedule: Start: 9:30 a.m. End: 3:40 p.m. 2016-17 Schedule: Start: 9:35 a.m. End: 3:45 p.m.


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The Beatles, I'll Follow the Sun.
The Beatles, I'll Always Be In Love With You.
The Beatles, Hello Little Girl.
The Beatles, Movin' and Groovin'/Ramrod.
The Beatles, One After 909.
John gets after me whenever I drift off and pulls me back, and then there I am again, sitting about and playing with him and Paul and Paul's little brother and that sour wet George. Sitting in the living room, sometimes packed into Paul's bathroom, sitting on the lino, making the tapes.
I can do all right what John first taught me--put the thumb on the fat string nearest me, then hit the furthest fret up, then the third fret up. Again and back again, count to four. After a while, I just try to make a rumble, make a shadow sound. Paul's after me to learn more and always makes a pinched little face when I botch whatever he wants. You can tell he just wants to rip the Hofner out of my hands and just do it himself, but instead it's meant to be instructive.
Here Stu, he says. Here watch me do it. When I go "doooon't leave me alone," you go up, like this. Dooon't leave me alone. Like Elvis, he tries. Take my advice, treat me niiice. The face he makes, the prat. And then you just go back to where you started, he says. It's easy.
He's so proud of that one. He wrote the words out on a sheet, in a very neat hand--I'm sure he got marks for that in school. I've written a song, he tells anyone who wants to hear, and those who don't as well. I've written a song. It's called I'll Follow the Sun and here it goes: One day--you'll know--I was the one...
It's fucked my hands up good, all the playing. Skin's come off most of the fingers, and I've got a big red welt on one thumb. Sometimes I don't even notice how much blood there is after we've been at it for an hour. How do you know Stu's been here, cos there's bloody fingerprints on the wall. Looks like Lady Macbeth's been to the loo, John says.
Sometimes it's just work, I find, just a grind. Painting is you, the canvas and what waits on the other side; music is everyone waiting on you to do your bit.
It comes easy for John and Paul. Once they went in the other room, I thought just to get a cup, and they came back and they had a new song, like they just rapped their heads together and out it came, fresh as an egg. "Hello Little Girl"--the Everlys/Holly one--that's how they wrote that one. And George is like a little monk, eyes always on the strings, having practiced, it seems, from the second that we last broke off to the second just before he came in the door. Hunches in the corner, always has the sniffles. But he's got the solos down and you never can call him out on anything.
Come round on Saturday for a rehearsal session, Paul says, I've borrowed the machines. Sometimes I can't be half arsed to go, and I don't think they miss me, but then John turns up and says he needs me around. Come on Stu, have a go, we've got a good one--we've got a train song we've just written. Like Johnny Burnette.
The other night John was crashing here, lying on the floor and just talking, the way he does, as though John could, if he kept at it, talk the world into the shape he wants it to be.
Stu, I was thinking, he said. In heaven you're supposed to reunite with everyone, right? Mum, dad, gran, great-aunt, Queen Victoria, beyond, right.
I suppose, I said.
What if you don't want that? My mum, fine, but I couldn't give a toss about the rest. Seems a bit petty that if we die, all we get is to be like kids again, and have a lot of dreadful old people fussing about you.
So I guess heaven's right off then, I said. He laughed and rolled over to sleep.
The days pass now and I feel like I'm stepping through windows, a series of them. I told John and he didn't laugh, but just nodded, as though he'd done it already. But at some point I know, I know, I need to do some proper work again.
Stuart Sutcliffe joined what was then known as The Beatals (and a bit later as the Silver Beetles) in late 1959, and left them when he chose to stay in Hamburg and attend the state art school in 1961. He died suddenly in April 1962, at age 21, possibly due to a head injury that he got in a bar fight. Some of Sutcliffe's paintings can be seen here.
The demos featured here were recorded in April and/or May 1960, in Paul McCartney's home at 20 Forthlin Rd, Liverpool. The theory is that the band had access to two portable Grundig tape recorders--they would record on one, and then transfer the best takes to make a "master" tape on the other.
Three tracks from these sessions have been officially released on Beatles Anthology 1, while the rest (some two dozen tracks) remain available only on bootlegs. Of the covers, "Movin' and Groovin'" was Duane Eddy's 1958 debut single, co-written with Lee Hazelwood, and Eddy released "Ramrod," written by Al Casey, a few months later. Sam Stept and Bud Green's "I'll Always Be in Love With You" is from 1929--it's unclear which version the Beatles were familiar with, maybe Charles Brown's from 1956.
For the originals, "Hello Little Girl," recorded as part of the Beatles' failed Decca audition in January '62, eventually was fobbed off on The Fourmost and Gerry and the Pacemakers; "I'll Follow the Sun" wound up on Beatles For Sale; "One After 909," after a failed studio attempt in March 1963 left in the vaults, was resurrected in 1969 for the Beatles' last live performance, on the Apple rooftop. When they sang it, for the last time in their lives, the Beatles were young men.
All photos (and much information) are from the excellent Beatlesource.
Monday, February 11, 2008
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Milan: United States midfielder Michael Bradley scored late to help 10-man Roma beat Udinese 1-0 and set a Serie A record by winning its first nine matches of the season.
Bradley came on as a substitute and broke the deadlock with his first touch of the match eight minutes from full time to keep Roma five points clear of Napoli and Juventus.
Roma played the final 24 minutes with 10 men after Maicon was sent off for a second yellow card.
Juventus recorded eight opening victories in 1930-31 and 1985-86, and also won nine straight matches to start 2005-06 but was stripped of its title-winning season in the "calciopoli" match-fixing scandal.
Elsewhere, Gonzalo Higuain converted two controversial penalties to help Napoli beat 10-man Torino 2-0, while Juventus beat Genoa by the same scoreline.
A stoppage-time winner handed Parma a 3-2 victory over AC Milan, which had fought back from two goals down.
Udinese was unbeaten in 22 home games and it almost got off to the perfect start when Luis Muriel's effort crashed off the left upright with less than three minutes on the clock.
Roma clearly missed talismanic captain Francesco Totti, who is out injured, and Udinese had another fantastic chance in the 38th minute when Gabriel Silva chipped goalkeeper Morgan De Sanctis, but Leandro Castan cleared off the line with an acrobatic overhead kick.
A Roma victory appeared even more unlikely when Maicon was given his marching orders in the 66th.
However, Bradley scored the winner minutes after being brought on for Marco Borriello. Kevin Strootman was given too much time on the ball and he spotted Bradley's run, allowing the U.S. international to drill the ball into the bottom left corner.
Juventus badly needed a win after a miserable week which saw Antonio Conte's side defeated at Real Madrid in the Champions League, days after letting slip a two-goal lead to lose 4-2 against Fiorentina.
Arturo Vidal, who had earlier hit the crossbar, fired Juventus in front from the spot in the 22nd minute after Davide Biondini tripped Kwadwo Asamoah, although the foul appeared to be just outside the area.
Juventus almost doubled its lead moments later but Genoa goalkeeper Mattia Perin pulled off a stunning save to deny Andrea Pirlo from close range.
The two-time defending champion did grab a second 10 minutes from halftime when Carlos Tevez dribbled in the area before placing an angled drive across into the bottom right corner.
In the lunchtime fixture, Napoli took the lead in the 14th minute when Nicola Bellomo was adjudged to have tripped Dries Mertens and Higuain blasted the resulting penalty under the bar.
Torino was again furious when Napoli was awarded another soft penalty shortly after the half hour mark when Federico Fernandez's shot came off Kamil Glik's arm from point blank range. Higuain again converted, firing into the bottom right corner.
Torino's misery was compounded when halftime substitute Migjen Basha was shown a straight red card four minutes from time after hauling down Goran Pandev, who was clear through on goal.
Milan was buoyed by a midweek draw against Barcelona but still beset by injury problems, missing Christian Abbiati, Stephan El Shaarawy, Giampaolo Pazzini and Daniele Bonera, while Philippe Mexes was suspended.
It found itself 2-0 down at halftime after poor defending allowed Marco Parolo and former Milan striker Antonio Cassano to score.
Milan coach Massimiliano Allegri brought on Alessandro Matri and Kaka for Mario Balotelli and Andrea Poli seven minutes into the second half and the changes appeared to work. Moments after Walter Gargano hit the crossbar, Matri scored his first goal since signing from Juventus in the offseason.
And Milan was level two minutes later when Matias Silvestre headed in a rebound after Cristian Zapata's attempt had come off the bar.
Milan thought it had earned a point but Parolo drilled a low free kick into the bottom left corner with the last kick off the match.
Parma has leapfrogged above Milan into seventh.
Fiorentina moved fifth, nine points behind Roma, after coming from behind to win 2-1 at Chievo Verona thanks to a double from Juan Cuadrado. Chievo slipped to bottom spot as Jose Angel Crespo's third-minute header helped Bologna beat fellow struggler Livorno 1-0 for its first win of the season.
In another match between two relegation candidates, new Catania coach Luigi De Canio steered his side to a goalless draw at home to Sassuolo on his debut.


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On November 12, then 3-year-old Emma Bazzard made a potentially life-saving phone call for her mother Catherine. Emma's mom, who was pregnant at the time, had been knocked unconscious after she fell down the stairs in their home in Nailsea, Somerset.
Emma promptly dialed 999 for emergency services and stayed on the line with agent Sarah Morris for 11 minutes, answering a series of questions like "Is mummy breathing?" and "Do you know where mummy is hurt, apart from her head?"
Emma was able to answer the questions calmly and provide emergency services their home address so that an ambulance crew could arrive and give her mother immediate medical attention.
According to The Guardian, Emma even made sure to unlock the door in advance so the crew could easily and quickly get into the house.
Listen to Emma's amazing call to 999 here:
Now Emma is 4 and being offered a bravery award for her actions. A well-deserved honor, considering many toddlers would not have been so calm and brave in such a tense moment.
Well done, Emma!


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Lincolnshire County Council leader Martin Hill has dismissed fears home care services could be slashed as the authority looks to make savings of £170million in the next four years.
Coningsby-based Colin Mair - the leader of UKIP at County Hall - claims lives of elderly and vulnerable residents will be put at risk because of the scale of cut backs.
Coun Mair says the council has handed responsibility for delivering home care services to 12 private companies.
However, he warns the criteria for people qualifying for home care will be 'toughened up' and says care workers are already 'leaving in droves' because of the introduction of zero hours contracts and lower mileage allowances.
Coun Mair's comments come just a week after he revealed subsidies to school and college bus services could be cut, with parents facing bills of up to £40-a-week.
His comments have prompted a robust reaction from Coun Hill who pledged any cuts to home care services would be minimal.
He said: "Although adult care services will not be totally unaffected, the impact on this area will be minimal and in fact we are proposing to spend more on adult care next year than we will be doing this year.
"This is one of our main areas of spending and a key responsibility for the council, with an ageing population and a trend of increasing demand."
In a further statement, a spokesman for the County Council denied Coun Mair's claims that the qualifying critieria for home care would change.
He said: "LCC has not and does not intend to 'toughen up' our criteria for services. These are set nationally under the Care Act 2014 and cannot be changed by local councils."
The spokesman also dismissed the suggestion that private companies were driving home care policy.
He added: "What they are doing is delivering services that contribute to the council meeting its statutory obligations.
"The council contracts 12 providers to deliver care. Until last year, the council contracted with more than 70 different providers. With fewer contractors, this allows more time to manage the contracts."
However, the spokesman did not deny that some workers were on zero hours contracts.
He said: "Each of the 12 providers has been given a guaranteed volume of work by the council, which enables them to offer permanent contracts.
"However zero hour contracts are legally allowed and anecdotally many carers prefer to not have to guarantee the time they will be available.
"Providers need to meet all their legal requirements as employers and our rates enable them to do so. This includes them being compliant with the National Minimum Wage, which covers the requirements of travel to and from calls."
Over 10,000 people work in the care sector in Lincolnshire.
The care sector is one of the biggest employers in the county, involving more than 10,000 people.
working in the sector. With this number there are likely to be changes in workforce and we have taken steps to try to stablise it. The council's new home care contracts are designed to offer the providers stability in their workload which will help them to retain staff. The council is working with Lincolnshire Care Association, which represents care providers, to develop the workforce. We're also working with schools and colleges to promote careers in the care sector to young people looking for employment.
Also claims that a lot of nursing homes are getting rid of nursing staff (because of cost) and are now just offering care. As a result, people are having to move elderly relatives to alternative accommodation.
Rather than a willingness to pay for nurses, this issue is related to the availability of nurses, which is limited not just in Lincolnshire but nationally. This is compounded locally by the rurality of Lincolnshire.
. "Home care is being slashed with the so called 'Gateway' which qualifies people for access to care being considerably narrowed.
The private companies supplying home care and care homes are under increasing financial pressure. As examples, I know of cases where carers do not know from one week to the next how many hours they will be working, with on some weeks them not earning enough to pay for their own child care costs.
"I know of a local nursing home that has got rid of its nurses and is now a care home with residents being told to go elsewhere if they want nursing care.


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Cable Franchises
Cable Service Areas Map
(click here to view PDF of map)
This map reflects the areas where cable service is available in Seattle from Comcast, Wave and CenturyLink. For residents living in apartment or condominium buildings, the options for cable service providers can be limited by existing service agreements between a cable operator and the building owner or condo association, as well as the capacity of internal cable wiring in the building. For questions about the cable service options available for your building, talk with your landlord or condo association.
Comcast is the City's largest cable operator serving approximately 150,000 Seattle subscribers with cable television, telephony and high-speed Internet service. Comcast service is available in most of Seattle except for the Central Area Franchise District. To contact Comcast customer service call toll free (800) 266-2278 (1-800-COMCAST).
- Comcast Services and Pricing List - January 2018
- Comcast Channel Lineup (by service plan) - January 2018
- Comcast Franchise Agreement (2016)
- Payment Centers
- Comcast website
Wave serves approximately 8,000 Seattle cable subscribers with cable television and Internet service and is the sole cable operator in the Central Area Franchise District. Wave also serves the Downtown and parts of Capitol Hill, Beacon Hill and Queen Anne. To contact Wave's customer service call toll free (866) 928-3123.
- Wave Services and Pricing List - October 2017
- Wave Channel Lineup (by service plan) - October 2017
- Payment Centers
- Wave Franchise Agreement November 2017
- Franchise Transfer from Wave to Radiate Holdings October 2017
- Wave website
CenturyLink is the City's newest cable operator and is in the earliest stage of offering its PRISM TV service and gaining subscribers, all starting in August 2015. Prior to entering the cable TV market, CenturyLink was offering high-speed Internet service and telephone service throughout Seattle. CenturyLink service is currently available in 14 Seattle neighborhoods and availability to your area can be checked here www.centurylink.com. To contact CenturyLink customer service call toll free (800) 244-1111.


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This past weekend marked the beginning of my second gardening season. Gardening always brings me a lot of joy (and heartache and frustration and gnashing of teeth and tearing of hair — if I'm to be fair about it). Though it can be a pain at times, gardening veggies, berries and herbs is completely worth it whenever I can run out to the garden for some sage or rosemary, or pop a little cherry tomato into my mouth as I head out on my way to work, or even just when I check every morning to see "what's growing on" — who's got new growth, who is blooming, who is getting eaten by the accursed snails. It's pretty great to feel connected to the earth, to know I'm caring for lots of little green lifeforms, and to feel that all my work resulted in (at least some) edible produce.
I have a lovely broad array of plants this year: pickling cucumbers, multicolor peppers, three varieties of string bean, five varieties of little tomatoes, spinach, raspberries, blackberries, and blueberries.
For herbs, I'm growing sage, chives, and lemon thyme which all miraculously survived from the winter, as well as newcomers tarragon, parsley, cilantro, basil, and rosemary.
My most exciting innovation of the year, though, is one I've been waiting six months to put into play. I did a little research during the holiday season, and learned that recycled Christmas trees stripped of their branches happen to make perfect trellises for vining plants such as string beans! So here's hoping my "bean tree" works out. I'll keep you updated!


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We've been busily creating our own iPad app just for you, and it's now available to download from the App Store, free for a limited period.
Macworld Express offers the best of our website and magazine content delivered to your iPad, and updated every minute of every day. The app brings you news, reviews, masterclasses, and blogs, and is customisable to suit your reading preferences.
To bring you our app, we worked with Grapple, a fast-growing app developer, because we wanted to find a partner who could bring our concept to life and meet the needs of the Macworld audience.
Macworld Express offers choice cuts of content, optimised for iPad viewing. Content is pulled from macworld.co.uk, so it's always up to date with the latest buzz. We've made the app viewable in both landscape and portrait orientation with a smooth transition between the two views.
The home page, 'My Macworld', is fully customisable, offering you a visual grid of content that meets your specific interests. Here, you can tap the 'Edit' button and choose your favourite section to emphasise. If you're a news addict, you can bring brand-new news stories to the top of the pile. If you want fast access to the freshest reviews, you can select them for prominence instead. If you are more interested in Mac news than iPad news you can pull that to the top, or vice versa.
Read an app review on Macworld Express that tickles your fancy? With embedded App Store links, it's easy to download the app you've been reading about in seconds. Then, maybe you'll want to share the review with friends. Just tap the integrated Twitter, Facebook or email buttons found at the end of the article for instant sharing.
Haven't got time to read an article now? Tap the 'Save' button and when you get the chance to go back and read the article, tap the 'Saved' tab in the navigation bar and select your article. The 'Save' feature means that you can also read these articles offline, perfect for train journeys with no WiFi access.
Of course, the Macworld magazine is still available via Zinio for those who prefer to read the world's most popular Mac magazine on a tablet. But what we wanted to do with Macworld Express was develop an app that could deliver all of the best content from Macworld in real time, and present it in a way that best exploits the iPad's capabilities.
So what are you waiting for? Download Macworld Express free from Apple's App Store here


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8 months ago
I use my crafting as a way of unwinding all the stresses of everyday life. I hope you will enjoy sharing the journey with me!
Absolutely beautiful!!! I just got back from my LSS and bought a mini album...lots of good ideas in yours!! Thanks for sharing....I just love this craft!ReplyDelete
stunning oh wow just adore that handcrafted flower yummy almaxxReplyDelete
lovely album alyson, jut love the flower, well done...
maria x


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Buy Item $6.05 Retail:
Save 24% ($1.94) $7.99
In StockStock No: WW18178EB
Tyndale House / 2012 / ePub
Add To Cart
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Have questions about eBooks? Check out our eBook FAQs.
Owen and Watcher encounter harrowing danger on their journey to the desolate islands of Mirantha. As they struggle to stay alive, they wonder if they will ever find Mordecai--the one man who can help them continue their search for the King's Son. And if they find him, will he help? Recommended for ages 10 to 14.
|Format: DRM Protected ePub
Vendor: Tyndale House
Publication Date: 2012
Ages: 10-14
Series: Wormling


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Tuesday, May 31, 2005
Visual/Infrared comparisons
This is a split screen image of Yerkes Observatory in the visual and near-infrared. I moved the camera in between images and wasn't planning in advance, but the comparison still works. You can see the pine tree turns white, the blue sky turns very dark, and the tones of the brickwork and dome sheeting subtly change.
Car Windows
Automobile windows, we are all taught, are wonderful examples of the greenhouse effect. Visible light streams in, is absorbed by the car's interior, and converted to heat. The thermal infrared light is then reradiated by the interior but unable to escape the glass, and the car heats up.
Manufacturers are well aware of this fact, and today's cars have a higher glass to surface ratio than older ones. Given this, why aren't we melting the plastics in the car?
We could tint the windows, to reduce the total light into the car, but this is dangerous at night, and is completely impractical for the windshield.
The answer is in the glass itself. Automotive glass contains a special additive to absorb near-infrared light. NIR is worthless to human vision, but can contribute significantly to the heat load of a car. (I can't remember the reference, but I've read it can be 50%).
Here is an image of a car that visually had no tinted windows; indeed, no one can opaque their windshield legally:
A spectral graph of a glass like that is here. (Link used to go to a nice graph but it's missing).
You can see that American currency has some sort of blank stripe code on the back of the new bills: http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/~dean/infrared/slides/IMG_4784.html.
I saw this at here; and then a simple search shows that it is no secret but a great anti-counterfeiting technique: http://www.accubanker.com/support/irmappings.phtml
These need a separate post.
P.S. Here's an image of a Linne statue with a false-color mapping.
My infrared gallery
IR hosta
Bushes in the near-IR
Sunday, May 22, 2005
Infrared gallery
All of the images were normalized with "Auto Levels" in Photoshop and desaturated to greyscale. The raw images are very purple and underexposed.
The filter material
was color negative film, fully exposed and processed, stacked
up in three. This sandwich is opaque to the eye except for
bright filaments. There is leakage around the sides of the filter when I place it on the camera lens, and since it's just negative film, there are significant reflections between the three pieces, creating a hotspot in the center of the frame.
In the camera, all three channels respond,
although the green is weaker than red and blue. The response
from all three channels must be the residual near-IR leakage
through the color filters, and scenes appear to be the same if
you compare each color channel. With a two layer sandwich you
begin to see more red light come through, and this creates a
neat contrast between near-infrared-red and near infrared:
http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/~dean/blog/ir2-auto.jpg. There is
a normal visual comparison at
The exposures are roughly 1000x longer with the filter in bright sunlight.
In the next post, I'll discuss some interesting details about near-infrared light: plants, automotive windows, and currency.
And split screen comparisons with normal visual images.
Visual Infrared Comparisons
Plants in the near infrared
Linne Statue in the near infrared
IR bushes
IR hosta (or plantain lily)
Tuesday, May 17, 2005
Aurora photos from Yerkes Observatory
Tuesday, May 03, 2005
IR bushes
Plus, a graph of the transmission of fully exposed and developed color negative film, from recorded by here:
This helps explain how dust removal scanners with ICE work--the film dyes are transparent in the infrared, but dust isn't. An infrared scan of the negative shows a clear negative with only the dust visible. Silver grains in black and white film are uniformly opaque to light and so ICE won't work with it.


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|Thread Tools
|18 April 2018, 23:52
Registered User
Join Date: Oct 2005
Location: Olhao/Portugal
Age: 42
Posts: 45
Error on Lex site ? Toccata is only half duplex I think...
I think I detected an error on amiga.resource.cx site (great site by the way). Been long since I once had a Toccata and I seem to remember that it was not full duplex, however it's described there as being able to record and play at the same time.
Anyone can confirm ?
|19 April 2018, 11:17
HOL / AMR Team Member
Join Date: Dec 2001
Location: Australia
Posts: 2,369
Well, the U.S. advert for the Toccata on the website says that it is capable of simultaneous recording and playback. You'd hope that Macrosystem got it right in their adverts! I never owned a Toccata myself (and only knew one guy in Cyprus on Galaxynet who did), but the sound card was considered state of the art on the Amiga until the Delfina cards came along a few years later.
Sound cards were exorbitantly expensive on the Amiga at the time and, consequently, few people had them. I was lucky enough to pick up a "cheap" Delfina Lite secondhand around 1998 off AmiBench and was blown away by how much better it was than Paula! A year later Napster arrived on the scene and I couldn't throw enough MP3s at the Delfina card!!
|19 April 2018, 13:59
Registered User
Join Date: Oct 2005
Location: Olhao/Portugal
Age: 42
Posts: 45
I think there's a big chance that add is wrong, I couldn't record and play at the same time when I had one... Sure could've been me, but I don't think so, I think I confirmed it at the time but on forums with others but can't find any info about it...
|19 April 2018, 22:50
HOL / AMR Team Member
Join Date: Dec 2001
Location: Australia
Posts: 2,369
You may well be right! There's nothing to suggest simultaneous recording and playback in the English version of the Toccata manual (see posts #9 and #10), which I found a little sparse TBH. Additionally, there's this very telling paragraph in the CU Amiga review from April '96:
"Macrosystem are currently working on new software that will feature simultaneous recording and playback through the card, along with 'multiplexing' routines that allow for a number of channels to be output at the same time."
MacroSystem probably never delivered the software promised to achieve simultaneous recording & playback. IIRC the Toccata card was bundled with a special customised version of Samplitude, which wasn't exactly the best and somewhat unintuitive. ]
Anyway, it's hard to determine from the manual and decent sources like the BBOAH / Amiga Hardware Database and magazine reviews whether the Toccata, irrespective of software support, actually had suitable hardware specs (i.e. full duplex) to pull off simultaneous recording & playback. It may well may not have - if the absence of duplexing info. is anything to go by - but at the end of the day the best hardware peripherals from a technical standpoint are only as good as the software supporting them.
Last edited by DrBong; 20 April 2018 at 22:57. Reason: Fixed grammar!
|20 April 2018, 22:33
WinUAE developer
Join Date: Aug 2001
Location: Hämeenlinna/Finland
Age: 43
Posts: 22,212
Codec chip used in Toccata (AD1848) can do simultaneous playback and recording but it requires dual DMA channel support.
I don't know how AD1848 to/from on board buffer RAM DMA is implemented but I guess it could support full duplex but possibly only in 8-bit or 16-bit in halved sample rate.
|20 April 2018, 23:53
HOL / AMR Team Member
Join Date: Dec 2001
Location: Australia
Posts: 2,369
Thanks Toni for the informative explanation! It sounds like the Toccata was a little underdone in terms of specs and software support (for professional use, at least) compared to its only real competition at the time in the form of the AD516 by Sunrize Industries. The trouble was that the AD516 was 2.5-3x the price of the Toccata and manufactured in the U.S. As a result, MacroSystem probably saw an opportunity to sell a cheaper "high-end" sound card in Europe and trade on their great reputation for quality products (e.g. Warp Engine, Retina gfx card, V-Lab Motion card).....but unfortunately cut some corners on hardware/software support.
Logically, MacroSystem should've released a next gen version of the Toccata to realise the full potential of its R&D, but instead they retreated from the Amiga sound card market and 12-18 months following the Toccata's release they had ceased its manufacturing. This paved the way for the Delfina, Prelude and Repulse cards released in the ensuing few years to reach greater heights, which they largely did IMHO.
|26 April 2018, 13:21
Join Date: Nov 2015
Location: stockholm Sweden
Posts: 89
Also the Toccata was sold togethler with the Vlab motion, to record video and sound at the same time.
I know three persons that had (or have) a Toccata, two of them also had a Vlab Motion.
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When it makes its debut next year, Hop Fastpass™ will change the way many of us ride transit. It will be a convenient option for lots of riders, allowing them to pay their way toward a daily or monthly pass, protect their balance even if they lose their card, and automatically reload funds so they're never stuck without fare. But rest assured, you can always pay with cash, too.
We're introducing Hop Fastpass as another option for TriMet, C-TRAN and Portland Streetcar riders — one that many have been dreaming of for years. (Electronic fare systems have been hugely successful in leading transit cities around the world.)
We've designed Hop Fastpass to be inclusive and accessible, but you don't have to use it. You'll still be able to pay with cash or purchase fares at ticket vending machines or on board buses, just like today. We want to make this clear, especially after seeing some inaccurate information floating around lately.
We do have programs to benefit low-income riders
The benefits of affordable transit are undeniable, and we're on board. We lowered the cost of Youth fares to $1.25 back in 2014, which helps make transit more affordable for students and low-income families. We also have $1.5 million dedicated to two programs that provide free or reduced-cost fares to non-profits and community-based organizations that serve low-income individuals and families. These groups are then able to offer fares as part of a suite of services for their clients.
For the many low-income families and individuals who ride frequently, Hop Fastpass offers a great advantage over paper tickets: the pay-as-you-go pass. This allows riders to pay towards a 1-Month Pass in increments as small as $5 – once they've paid the equivalent of a monthly pass, the rest of the rides are free that month. This eliminates the upfront cost of a pass while making its significant discount more accessible.
We're (really) expanding our retail network
Right now, riders can purchase fare from about 130 retailers throughout the service area; with Hop Fastpass, there will be about 500 fare outlets. In the future, Hop Fastpass fare can also be loaded online, using a smartphone app, by phone and at our ticket offices.
And remember: You can always pay fare in cash on buses and at MAX stations.
Each rider needs their own card, but one person can manage multiple accounts
Lots of riders travel in groups, like families or classes, which is why Hop Fastpass will allow one rider to manage multiple accounts. Each rider age 7 and older will need their own card to use Hop Fastpass (just like each needs separate fare today).
Plus, there's a big benefit to using individual cards: It will allow us to offer pay-as-you-go passes. Pay for two 2½-Hour Tickets in a day and ride free until the end of service; pay the equivalent of a monthly pass in one month and ride free until the next month. This extends the value of passes to more riders, without the upfront cost.
To kick things off, we'll be giving out about 200,000 free cards, many of which will be available to low-income riders. Otherwise there will be a one-time $3 charge for a new Hop Fastpass card, which is designed to last for up to 10 years. The low card fee (which, when taking advantage of balance protection available with a Hop Fastpass card, is less than the cost of losing a single 1-Day Pass) will help us maintain a wide-reaching and convenient retail network.
You'll know when you're running low
The theme of Hop Fastpass is convenience, and that means not having to worry about your account balance. The easiest thing to do is set it and forget it — register your account and activate automatic reloading, so you're never stuck without fare. But even if you don't do this, you can always check your balance online, using the app or by phone. And if your balance is running low, you'll get an alert when you tap on board. And if you don't have money on your Hop Fastpass card, you can always pay with cash on the bus or at the train station.
Your personal information remains private
Hop Fastpass users' credit or debit card information will be assigned secure, randomly generated alphanumeric tokens. Cybersource, owned by Visa, will handle all the payment processing for Hop Fastpass and will marry the digital tokens with the corresponding credit or debit card numbers.
Your personal information is safe, too — in fact, we'll allow you to register your Hop Fastpass account using a four-digit security PIN that you create. We'll tally the taps on your card to make sure you're charged the correct fare and to cap your fares once you've paid the equivalent of a daily or monthly pass.
We want to know what you think
We know our riders want an electronic fare system, and we want Hop Fastpass to work for as many people as possible. We've welcomed public input every step of the way, and we'll continue to share our progress and listen to riders before, during and after the system makes its debut.
Send us a note or sign up for email updates about Hop Fastpass (especially if you're interested in the chance to become a beta tester) or to learn about upcoming public meetings and hearings.


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Peter Senese is a best-selling author writing primarily in the historical fiction genre. Published books include Chasing The Cyclone, The Den of the Assassin, Cloning Christ, War on Wall Street, and In Their Own Words. As the Founding Director of the I CARE Foundation, Peter has played an important role in the U.S. outbound abduction rate declining by 38% since 2009. As demonstrated by dozens of sworn testimonials, Peter has assisted many families either reunite with their children.
Saturday, March 6, 2010
Parental Child Abduction Prevention - The Children's Passport Issuance Alert Program (CPIAP)
The Children's Passport Issuance Alert Program.
The Children's Passport Issuance Alert Program (CPIAP) is one of the Department Of State's most important tools for preventing international parental child abduction. The program allows parents to register their U.S. citizen children under the age of 18 in the Department's Passport Lookout System. If a passport application is submitted for a child who is registered in CPIAP, the Department contacts and alerts the parent or parents. The passport lookout system gives all U.S. passport agencies as well as U.S. embassies and consulates abroad an alert on a child's name if a parent or guardian registers an objection to passport issuance for his or her child. This procedure provides parents advance warning of possible plans for international travel with the child.
However, the United States government does not have exit controls at the U.S. border. The U.S. government does not check the names or the documents of travelers leaving the United States. If your child has a valid passport from any country, he or she may be able to travel outside the United States without your consent.
So, if you have concern that your child may be taken out of the country without your consent via a foreign passport that you may or may not know was issued, you must immediatly seek an Emergency Hearing before your court of local jurisdiction, and present strong and valid evidence to the court demonstrating the high risk of abduction, and then seek that court to seize the foreign passport issued in your child's name. You must also request for the court to issue an order to the nation (via their U.S. embassy) to which your child may have duel citizenship, and provide notice that a court matter is ongoing, and that the court orders for no foreign passport is to be issued in the child's name. Some embassys will comply with this order, and others may not. However, it is critical for you to control all passport issues if you have even the slightest of concern that an international abduction may occur.
I also want to point out that many Middle Eastern countries and their embassies do not require for a mother/wife's signature when requesting a passport for a child. Thus, it is even more critically important for a woman/mother to seek immediate court assistance in the event that abduction concern is directed toward a Middle Eastern country.
So if you have any type of concern, you must not stick your head in the sand. You must act, and act immediately.
The Charleston Passport Center, which is part of Passport Services, is responsible for administering CPIAP.
U.S. Department of State
Passport Services, Charleston Passport Center
Attn: Children's Passport Issuance Alert Program
1269 Holland Street, Building D
Charleston, SC 29405
E-mail: email@example.com
Phone: 1-888-407-4747
Fax: 843-746-1827
Who can request a child be entered into CPIAP?
Entry Request Form
Usually a parent requests that his/her child or children be entered into the program. Sometimes both parents will separately submit a request. Requests may also be submitted by law enforcement or a court, or someone acting on behalf of a parent, such as an attorney, a member of Congress, or another family member. All requests for entry of a child into the program must be in writing and signed.
It is not necessary for a parent to have any custodial rights to the child in order to request that the child be entered in CPIAP. So long as a parent has not had his/her rights terminated by a court of competent jurisdiction, he/she can request that the child be entered into CPIAP.
REMEMBER: Only U.S. Citizen children under the age of 18 can be entered into CPIAP.
Does entering a child's name into CPIAP always prevent a passport from being issued?.
Entering a child's name into CPIAP does not guarantee that a child will not be issued a passport. The parent who requests entry of his/her child into the program may consent to issuance of the passport after receiving notification of the passport application. It is also possible for a passport to be issued to a child under 16 without consent of both parents (or legal guardian), if the applicant for the passport can establish that consent of both parents is not required under Federal law (22 CFR 51.28). A court order providing the applicant parent or guardian with sole custody of the child, or a court order specifically authorizing the applicant parent or guardian to travel with the child, for example, would allow the Department to issue a passport without the consent of another parent or guardian. This is true even if the child has been entered into CPIAP.
If a passport application is executed on behalf of a child entered into CPIAP, the parent who requested the alert will receive notification of the passport application and will generally receive 30 days to consent or object to issuance of the passport, absent extraordinary circumstances. However, if the applicant can demonstrate that he/she has sole authority to apply for a passport under U.S. law, the passport may still be issued at any time.
How Do I Enter My Child into CPIAP?
To enter your child into CPIAP, you must submit three items to the Department of State's Passport Services.
1. Completed Entry Request Form
2. Proof of Your Identy (Your driver's license or other identity card)
3. Birth Certificate or Documentation that Shows Your Parentage/Guardianship (Hospital issued certificate or Consular Report of Birth Abroad)
E-mail, fax, or mail these three items to Passport Services, Charleston Passport Center (contact information above).
A child is automatically removed from CPIAP when he/she reaches the age of 18. In the event a parent wants to remove a child or children from CPIAP prior to reaching age 18, the parent must submit a photo ID and a notarized statement requesting the removal from the program. Only the parent or entity who requested the child's entry into the program can request the child's removal from the program.
IMPORTANT: It is very important that parents keep Passport Services informed in writing of any changes to contact information and legal representation. Failure to notify Passport Services of a current address may result in a passport issuance for your child without your consent.
What if my child already has a passport?
You may enter your child's name into CPIAP even if he/she already has a passport. This will allow the Department of State to notify you if Passport Services receives an application for renewal of the passport.
The Department may not revoke a passport that has already been issued to the child. There is also no way to track the use of a passport once it has been issued, since the United States does not have exit controls for people leaving the U.S. If your child already has a passport, and you fear the other parent may abduct your child from the United States, ask a court or your attorneys to hold it.
What if my child has a passport of another country?
Many United States citizen children who fall victim to international parental abduction possess dual nationality. While the Department of State will make every effort to avoid issuing a United States passport without the consent of both parents, the Department cannot prevent other countries from issuing their passports to children who are also their nationals. You can, however, ask a foreign embassy or consulate in the United States not to issue a passport to your child. Send the embassy or consulate a written request, along with certified complete copies of any court orders you have which address custody or the overseas travel of your child. In your letter, inform them that you are sending a copy of this request to the United States Department of State. If your child is only a United States citizen, you can request that no visa for that country be issued in his or her U.S. passport. Just keep in mind that no international law requires compliance with such requests, although some countries may comply voluntarily.
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text:
Many a times jealous death I've thought,
You take my soul from my body one day,
When you go with it while I have got,
An immortal soul without any fear sway
My soul is free from all earthly matters,
I have changed my soul into nothingness,
Just you can dust me not my love shatters,
After death my verses show you freshness.
There is no death but we take the taste,
Of death so we sleep for a long time,
Awaking me seems my whole life I waste,
But shall be my name in my pretty rime
Oh! Poor death I am not afraid of you,
All are born to die but I am not is true.


text:
To the editor:
Remember the posters during World War II? Here are some examples: "Loose lips sink ships." "Uncle Sam wants you." "Button your lip." "Be smart, act dumb." When I think back, we patriotically reacted to those posters. We kept our mouths shut and we rallied around Uncle Sam because he needed us. The young bought stamps and war bonds, they collected newspapers and metal, and we gave up the foods that were used to make ammunition and feed our servicemen. We gave up our own comforts to support our troops. We were generous, cooperative and dedicated because we were united. We were not one religion, one race, one ethnic group or one political party; we were all Americans.
We are the melting pot of the world; we were referred to as "a sleeping giant." We had what the rest of the world wanted; we had the freedom to hear and to be heard. We were willing to make beneficial changes and patiently be changed. We felt we had everything.
What the hell happened?
Eugene A. Santoro


text: BAE Systems, a defense, security and aerospace company, has been awarded an $81.4-million contract to produce 39 M88A2 Hercules recovery vehicles and spare parts for the US Army. Hercules vehicles can recover the Army's 70-ton combat vehicles, including the M1A1, M1A2, Leopard, bridging systems and other medium-weight vehicles. Work under the contract will be completed by the existing workforce at BAE Systems and is expected to be finished by May 2012. The contract contains options for the US Army to purchase up to 81 additional vehicles and for the US Marine Corps to purchase an additional 10 vehicles, as well as six sets of spare parts. "Hercules continues to provide unmatched capabilities to our troops," said Joe McCarthy, vice president and general manager of Heavy Brigade Combat Team Systems at BAE Systems. "This contract brings value to our employees, as it extends the current M88A2 production work at BAE Systems and our suppliers across the US." This award brings to $1.4 billion the total value of contracts BAE Systems has been awarded on Hercules. To date, 231 Hercules vehicles have been fielded against a total US Army requirement of 607 vehicles. A total of 69 have been fielded to the US Marine Corps, which has pure fleeted to the M88A2 configuration, plus an additional 114 vehicles to four allied nations: Egypt, Kuwait, Thailand and Australia. Key upgrades from the M88A1 include power-assisted braking, steering, and electrical system as well as better engine horsepower and armor protection. These upgrades provide soldiers and Marines with 25 percent more towing muscle, 40 percent more lifting strength and 55 percent more winching power. The contracts are managed by the Army's Tacom Life Cycle Management Command. For more information, visit: www.baesystems.com


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Friday, July 6, 2012
He & She Eat Clean Share a Recipe
He & She Eat Clean are a marvellous pair of couples who share the magic of Eating Clean while married on their super-fun blog. I asked them to share their story and a delicious recipe with you today. Delicious! Take it away He & She Eat Clean!
For both couples, our Eat Clean journeys started about a year ago. Tiffany spearheaded her and Jim's transformation and Scott started it with himself and Whitney. Tosca's books have been with both couples along the way. The Eat-Clean Diet Recharged was the main catalyst for Tiffany's switch, while Just the Rules has been an invaluable resource for Scott and Whitney. Jim, Tiffany's husband even read the Eat-Clean Diet for Men book in 1 Day (totally unlike him… he doesn't really "read" books)!
All four of us love the principles of Eating Clean and the way that it makes us feel. We strive to eat 100% clean each and every day, without sacrificing taste and quality of life. And with Tosca's wonderful recipes, this is incredibly easy to do! Inspired and revived, we have set our sights on educating each and every person that we meet to join the Eat Clean movement and start giving their body what nature intended! We tackle daily routines and our eating as couples and that's precisely why we started HeandSheEatClean.com. It has become a place where we post recipes, educate our readers by talking about important health and fitness topics and encourage and motivate others.
We want to impact every individual we come into contact with just as much as Tosca has impacted our lives – thanks Tosca! We couldn't continue to help others without the resources you have provided in your books.
Here's one of our favourite recipes to share with you just in time for weekend BBQ time!
Arugula Chicken Burgers
(Makes 4 Servings)
¾ lb chicken breasts, ground
2 roma tomatoes, chopped
¼ c red onion, chopped
½ tsp coarse ground black pepper
½ tsp garlic powder
¼ tsp sea salt
¼ c quick cooking oats
1 cup of arugula
1 small avocado, sliced
4 Ezekiel English muffins, separated
1. Mix ground chicken, tomatoes, red onion, black pepper, garlic powder, sea salt and quick cooking oats in a medium-size bowl. Form into 4 equal size patties.
2. In a skillet or a grill, cook chicken burgers thoroughly, turning to ensure they are cooked throughout. Cook for approximately 12-15 minutes.
3. Toast separated Ezekiel English muffins. Place ¼ cup of arugula on 1 side of English muffin, then add cooked chicken burger patty, followed by avocado slices. Dress your burger accordingly.
The Gang
– Jim, Tiffany, Scott and Whitney
Posted by Tosca Reno at 3:06 PM
4 comments:
What is an Ezekiel English muffin?ReplyDelete
"Ezekiel Bread" is a brand name that makes breads, muffins, and tortillas. They contain sprouted ingredients no preservatives so you will usually find them in the freezer section of most grocery stores (Wegmans, Giants, Whole foods).ReplyDelete
This is perfect. Burgers are a staple in our house come spring and summer.ReplyDelete
This comment has been removed by the author.ReplyDelete
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text:
4. 'It is a far, far better thing that I have ever done; it is a far, far better rest that I go on to that I have ever known.'- Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities.
5. 'Two rights don't equal a left'- Roald Dahl, The BFG.
6. 'My name is Inigo Montoya, you killed my father, prepare to die!'- William Goldman, The Princess Bride.
7. 'I can't go back to yesterday because I was a different person then.'- Lewis Carroll, Alice in Wonderland.
8. 'True love is usually the most inconvenient kind.'- Kiera Cass, The Selection.
9. 'Three Rings for the Elven-kings under the sky,
Seven for the Dwarf-lords in halls of stone,
Nine for Mortal Men, doomed to die,
One for the Dark Lord on his dark throne
In the Land of Mordor where the Shadows lie.
One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them,
One Ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them.
In the Land of Mordor where the Shadows lie.'


text:
Call for Participation: Seventh Festival of Croatian Digitisation Projects
The National and University Library in Zagreb will host its Seventh Festival of Croatian Digitisation Projects on 27 and 28 April 2017.
For the seventh year in a row, the Festival will bring together specialists in various fields of digitisation, especially library digitisation professionals, for the purpose of exchanging experiences, presenting new digitisation projects and discussing current issues concerning digitisation in the heritage sector. Along with many Croatian and foreign specialists in this field, this year's special guest of the Festival will be Adina Ciocoiu, the representative of Europeana, who will deliver presentations on current issues on the aggregation of metadata and their use for the purpose of maintaining and expanding Europeana's digital collections.
Learn more about the Seventh Festival of Croatian Digitisation Projects and register for participation.


text:
Grass Founder in Horses
Lush spring pastures can be dangerous temptations for horses.
By Dr. Tom Lenz in The American Quarter Horse Journal | May 17, 2018
Spring is upon us. As lush, green grass begins to grow, it could be the beginning of serious founder problems – laminitis.
Laminitis is inflammation of the laminae of the horse's foot. Laminae make up the delicate, accordion-like tissue that attaches the inner surface of the hoof wall to the coffin bone (the bone in the foot.) The sensitive laminae cover the bone and interlock with the insensitive laminae lining the inside of the hoof wall to keep the coffin bone in place within the hoof.
A horse suffering from laminitis experiences a decrease in blood flow to the laminae, which in turn begin to die and separate. The final result is hoof wall separation, rotation of the coffin bone and extreme pain. In severe cases, the coffin bone can actually rotate through the sole of the horse's hoof where it becomes infected and usually results in the death of the horse.
Laminitis is triggered by a variety of causes, including repeated concussion on hard ground (road founder); grain overload; retained placenta; hormonal imbalance (Cushing's disease or metabolic syndrome); certain drugs (corticosteroids); obesity; and lush grass.
Learn about an innovative treatment -- the wooden rocking horseshoe -- that is helping many horses with laminitis in our FREE Laminitis Treatment report. You'll also get a detailed explanation, including diagrams, of exactly how laminitis affects a horse's feet and legs.
Grass Founder
Veterinarians and nutritionists have known for some time that plants store energy in their seeds in the form of starch that can cause laminitis if the horse is introduced to grain too quickly or eats too much grain. Only recently have researchers discovered that grasses not only store energy in their seed heads as starch, they also store energy as sugar.
In the spring, as grass is growing rapidly, it stores more sugar than it needs for growth, and horses consume the sugar as they graze. Later in the year, when the daylight and nighttime temperatures are more consistent and grass growth rates decrease, the plant uses up most of the sugar produced during the day each night.
Here are some tips for avoiding grass founder:
- Keep horses off lush, fast-growing pastures until the grass has slowed in growth and produces seed heads.
- Graze horses on pastures containing a high percentage of legumes. Legumes, such as alfalfa or clover, store energy as starch, not sugar.
- Avoid grazing horses on pastures that have been exposed to bright sunny days followed by low temperatures, such as a few days of warm sunny weather followed by a late spring frost.
- Avoid grazing horses on pastures that have been grazed very short during the winter and are growing rapidly.
- Keep overweight horses in stalls or paddocks until the pasture's rate of growth has slowed, then introduce them to pasture slowly.
- Turn horses out on pasture for a few hours in the early morning when sugar levels are low, not at night when levels are at their highest.
- Allow horses to fill up on hay before turning them out on grass for a few hours.
Dr. Tom Lenz, along with Dr. Kenton Morgan, offers expert advice on a wide range of horse health topics in AQHA's "Your Horse's Health" DVD set. Any responsible horse owner would do well to have these informative DVDs in their library. Don't get caught unprepared - learn how to keep your horse healthy before problems arise.
At Risk
Horses that are over the age of 10, "easy keepers," overweight or those with crested necks seem especially vulnerable to grass founder and should be the focus of your preventive program.
After the horses are turned out on pasture, check them often for early signs of laminitis such as heat in the feet and a pounding pulse at the back of the pastern. Foundered horses also assume a characteristic "sawhorse" stance with their hind feet up under their body and their front feet placed farther forward than normal. This is because the horse is trying to shift its weight off its painful front feet to its hind legs.
Grass-foundered horses also move gingerly, as if walking on eggshells, and are often unwilling to turn or move at all. In severe cases, the horse may refuse to stand. If your horse demonstrates these signs after being turned out on grass, immediately pull him off the pasture and call a veterinarian.
If you have horses that are prone to grass founder, visit with your veterinarian or equine nutritionist to develop a strategy for introducing them to spring grass. This is truly a situation where an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.