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What is Politics?
This is a question that can indeed be asked. Before we can do just that, it must be made clear that politics as it is currently known and as it has been regarded over the centuries by most scholars, is vastly different from what politics really is (Blake, n.d). This is a daring assertion but one that must be made clear. It is clear that for us to get to the heart of the matter here it is necessary to question some of the most basic assumptions that we may hold on to as humans. This leaves this work open to attack, as it may deviate from mainstream academic assumptions and indeed requirements about how such a question should be answered. Indeed, it must be made clear that it is necessary for one of the most basic human assumptions of all, namely that ideas, thoughts and theories are produced by the individual, to be called into question.
Inevitably this means this work may not conform to the academic standard of being dependent on a substantial bibliography. It is understood by the author that the expectation placed upon him is that references should be taken from a variety of sources. It is also understood however these sources are assumed to come from various scholars assumed to be individuals producing their own ideas, thoughts and theories. As mentioned above, this assumption cannot be taken for granted; it must be looked at if we are to really answer the question. With this awareness the question to be answered will be addressed.
DEFINITION OF POLITICS (this was inserted in a box - but cannot show a box her - this is like a figure insert)
Son: "Dad, I have to do a special report for school. Can I ask you a...


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10 eye-opening underwater videosOctober 14th, 2014 •insert_drive_file Article • 3 min read
The oceans cover over seventy percent of the Earth's surface, yet when it comes to travelling most of us stick to dry land. It's a shame, as there are some amazing experiences to be had underwater – from swimming with whale sharks to diving around World War II wrecks. Thanks to advances in camera technology,... Read more »Read more chevron_right
Going Tribal on Tanna Island, VanuatuOctober 2nd, 2014 •insert_drive_file Article • 6 min read
After leaving Rough Guides to go and explore some of the Pacific's tiniest islands, Kia Abdullah discovers serenity and adrenaline on Tanna Island in eastern Vanuatu. Port Resolution Yacht Club – the name alone evokes vistas of bejewelled starlets sipping cocktails by a Monaco pier. It's elegant, glamorous, refined – but also a bit of... Read more »Read more chevron_right
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Hiking up a volcano and dunking in natural hot springs should be on everyone's bucket list. If you're yet to get up close and personal with lava, and the only geysers you've encountered are down the pub, might we suggest one of these memorable experiences? Hiking by Stromboli's lava flows, Italy Stromboli is the most... Read more »Read more chevron_right
Rituals around the worldFebruary 20th, 2012 •insert_drive_file Article • 6 min read
Travelling the globe you'll come across rituals around the world that might seem odd, crazy – perhaps even scary. But at the root they all share something in common; they are an expression of the local culture. So here we tell the story behind five of these unique cultural rituals… Naghol, Pentecost Island, Vanuatu The ritual... Read more »Read more chevron_right
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For all the latest events
9th OSFO Assembly in Nadi
The 9th OSFO assembly was held in Nadi, Fiji on April 18th. Over 20 sports were represented and there were many motions put forward as part of OSFO's effort to forge stronger working relationships with its partners.
OSFO would like to thank ONOC and the PGC for their support, and look forward to the next quadrennial as we all focus on how we can build capacity in our members - the National Sports Federations more efficiently and cost effectively.
The minutes of the meeting can be found here.
<b>The Reporters' Academy - Courtney Smyth in Fiji</b>
Comment Guidelines: The SportsTG Network is made up of players, families and passionate sports followers like you who have a strong opinion about sport. That's great - we want you to have your say and share your thoughts with the world. However, we have a few rules that you must follow to keep it fun for all. Please don't be rude, abusive, swear or vilify others. Apart from some pretty serious sport sanctions, we also can ban you and report you if things get out of hand. So play fair and have fun, and thanks for your contribution.


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In Part I of this series I shared the installation specifics (and challenges!) with you for CCP. This second part of the two-part series explores the actual user interface. As the Cisco Configuration Professional version 2.2 release notes point out, the demo mode of this application pre-populates the interface with three router types:
a) An 800 series
b) An 1861 wireless router
c) A 2900 series Integrated Services Router.
A quick note that was not covered in the previous post — Cisco Configuration Professional will load more quickly if you choose the "Allow active content to run in files on my Computer" checkbox under Tools > Internet Options > Advanced > Security. Upon loading of CCP, the following screen results. Before any of the features can be demonstrated, the devices need to be discovered. These can be highlighted individually or collectively.
Unlike other "demo mode" versions of products I examined in previous blog posts (such as IPS Manager Express and the Adaptive Security Device Manager), CCP does not present the user with any fictitious data to see a simulated monitored session. One option which many students studying for a Cisco exam find useful is the grayed out one in the screenshot below. Showing a preview of CLI commands not only provides a helpful tutorial on how a feature is configured but also makes the GUI deployment less "mysterious".
A screenshot of the interface configuration screen and accompanying left-hand side menu navigation window pane is provided below. Upon further inspection of the "Edit Interface" tab, I found that I could only assign an IP address to an interface if I used the "Create Connection" tab first. When I did this I found out why the CLI preview is grayed out — it's unsupported!
As the accompanying screenshot demonstrates, Cisco Configuration Professional contains many of the wizards users have been accustomed to seeing in the older Security Device Manager. The newer CCP still supports the legacy "classic" IOS firewall (also known as Context Based Access Control or CBAC).
A final screen capture is provided below detailing the administrator being able to find the detailed CLI configuration used in the Advanced Firewall Wizard by clicking on the "Preview Commands" button shown. As seen here, this function provides detailed output; the small size of the scrollbar is an indicator that the resulting CLI output is lengthy.
For further information, the reader is encouraged to visit Cisco Connection Online and retrieve the Cisco Configuration Professional User Guide for Version 2.5


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We describe a method that overcomes the observed saturation effect appearing in cross polarized wave (XPW) generation. The previously reported internal efficiencies for XPW generation are known to be limited to around 15% whatever the length of the nonlinear medium and/or the input intensity values are. At the opposite, the theoretical limit had been estimated to be close to 25%. Here we show that the saturation level of XPW generation efficiency can be drastically shifted up by using two thin nonlinear crystals put at a given distance one to the other. An internal efficiency of 30% is demonstrated experimentally using two BaF2 crystals.
©2006 Optical Society of AmericaFull Article | PDF Article
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O. Albert, A. Jullien, J. Etchepare, S. Kourtev, N. Minkovski, and S. M. Saltiel
Opt. Lett. 31(20) 2990-2992 (2006)
L.P. Ramirez, D.N. Papadopoulos, A. Pellegrina, P. Georges, F. Druon, P. Monot, A. Ricci, A. Jullien, X. Chen, J.P. Rousseau, and R. Lopez-Martens
Opt. Express 19(1) 93-98 (2011)


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Drive to the speed limit and maintain tire pressure for easy gas savings.
Take five minute showers for squeaky-clean energy savings.
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WINTER HAVEN – Polk State College honors its 2012 state championship baseball team Wednesday, Dec. 5, with a ring ceremony at halftime of the Eagles' men's basketball game at the Winter Haven Health Center, located at 999 Avenue H NE.
The 2012 Eagles captured the state championship in Lakeland in May for the first time since 1992. They advanced to the (NJCAA) National Junior College Athletic Association's World Series in Colorado in May. They concluded the season with a No. 3 NJCAA ranking and a 46-12 record.
The team claimed its second consecutive Suncoast Conference title, earning a berth into the FCSAA state tournament.
Catcher Erik Hindmon was named Defensive Player of the Year.
Outfielder Mike Danner, infielder Conor Szczerba and Asher were named to the FSCAA first team.
Pitcher Brian Johnson was named to the FCSAA second team.
Head coach Al Corbeil was also named the Coach of the Year from the Florida Diamond Club, a non-profit club of professional baseball scouts.


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Bo founded LTC and began serving the people of Ukiah in 2001. In 2006, he expanded the business and changed the name to Respectech. Bo is an expert in nearly all aspects of technology, his skills ranging from creating circuits to programming software. Bo is married and a father to 4 children. He enjoys biking and spending time with his family.
Bohdan has been interested in technology since a very young age. He excelled while being home educated, earning two Associate Degrees in Computer-related fields by age 16, and a Bachelor of Science in Software Development, Summa Cum Laude by age 18. A very resourceful young man, he continues to excel at technology such as VoIP systems, computer repair, and web design. When he isn't working, he enjoys spending time with his wife and his family.
System Administrator
Ryan started working at Respectech in 2011. He specializes in installing and maintaining VoIP phone systems, business networks, and servers, although he also preforms a wide variety of other tasks. Ryan is often found helping people resolve their computer issues as quickly and efficiently as possible.
Senior Technician
Phillip has been working under Respectech since 2010. He is Respectech's jack-of-all-trades technician, his assignments ranging from simple computer repairs to large scale networking jobs. When Phillip isn't working, he enjoys spending time with his wife and two children.
Mac Technician
Greg began work at Respectech in 2014. He specializes in repairing Mac computers, although he also does a lot of work on PC's. Greg enjoys working with people, and his customers know him as friendly and helpful. It is commonly heard that Greg's customers enjoyed working with him, and they often request to do so again.
Mikeal started working at Respectech in 2017. He enjoys being able to solve customer issues and provide them with efficient and cost-effective solutions. In his spare time, Mikeal enjoys playing board games and experimenting with 3D printing.
Thompson has been working at Respectech since 2016. He specializes in networking and hardware repairs. Frequently working on decades-old hardware, Thompson is a strong believer in the consumer's right to repair. He often performs out-of-the-ordinary repairs in order to resurrect devices that others might consider a lost cause.
Respectech began as a company called "LTC", or "Lechnowsky Technical Consulting", in April of 2001. Bo Lechnowsky, the founder of the company, worked to serve many different people and businesses around Ukiah. At the time, Bo was the only one working under the name of LTC. Over the course of several years, LTC began to grow. In addition to Bo, three other people began working for LTC. Since LTC did not have a physical storefront, it became more and more difficult to manage the business. In 2006, Bo opened Respectech at 245 East Perkins Street.
When Respectech first opened, it had a fully staffed Café. The Respectech Café sold many delicious treats such as coffee, desserts, smoothies, and sandwiches. It also offered free internet and computer rentals. Customers would frequently check their computers in for repair, and then grab a drink and a bite to eat from the Café while they waited for their repair to complete. Unfortunately, the Café had to be significantly downsized in 2012, now only providing snacks and canned drinks. However, Respectech continued to offer free internet use and in-shop computer rentals.
Respectech has grown considerably throughout the years, now not only providing computer repair services to the Ukiah area, but also providing services to the surrounding towns and counties. In addition, Respectech offers more services than ever such as Voice over Internet Protocol phone systems, remote backups, and business support contracts. Respectech even provides remote service to several out-of-state clients.
Our goal is to serve the people of Lake and Mendocino Counties by providing quick, affordable, and professional assistance for a wide range of technologies. Here at Respectech, we strive to ensure the satisfaction of our customers above all else. We aspire to help our customers leave our shop happier than when they came in by providing the most effective and least expensive solutions for every computer problem.


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Human Tracking by Fast Mean Shift Mode Seeking
- Brett Eaton
- 3 years ago
- Views:
1 JOURAL OF MULTIMEDIA, VOL. 1, O. 1, APRIL Human Trackng by Fast Mean Shft Mode Seekng [10 font sze blank 1] [10 font sze blank 2] C. Belezna Advanced Computer Vson GmbH - ACV, Venna, Austra Emal: [10 font sze blank 1] B. Frühstück Semens AG Österrech, Programm- und Systementwcklung, Graz, Austra Emal: H. Bschof Insttute for Computer Graphcs and Vson, Graz Unversty of Technology, Graz, Austra Emal: [10 font sze blank 1] [10 font sze blank 2] [10 font sze blank 3] Abstract Change detecton by background subtracton s a common approach to detect movng foreground. The resultng dfference mage s usually thresholded to obtan objects based on pxel connectedness and resultng blob objects are subsequently tracked. Ths paper proposes a detecton approach not requrng the bnarzaton of the dfference mage. Local densty maxma n the dfference mage - usually representng movng objects - are outlned by a fast non-parametrc mean shft clusterng procedure. Object trackng s carred out by updatng and propagatng cluster parameters over tme usng the mode seekng property of the mean shft procedure. For occludng targets, a fast procedure determnng the object confguraton maxmzng mage lkelhood s presented. Detecton and trackng results are demonstrated for a crowded scene and evaluaton of the proposed trackng framework s presented. [9 font sze blank 1] Index Terms automated vsual survellance, moton detecton, mean shft clusterng, human trackng, occluson handlng [9 font sze blank 1] I. ITRODUCTIO Scenes of practcal nterest usually contan a large number of nteractng targets under dffcult magng condtons. In such crcumstances the task of relable object detecton and trackng becomes non-trval and obtanng a meanngful hgh-level representaton poses a challengng task. Human detecton and trackng systems proposed n recent years attempt to tackle ncreasngly complex scenaros. Moton detecton s an essental part of automated vsual survellance systems; however, relable segmentaton of movng regons nto ndvdual objects of Based on Human Trackng by Mode Seekng, by C. Belezna, B. Frühstück, and H. Bschof whch appeared n the Proceedngs of the 4th Internatonal Symposum on Image and Sgnal Processng and Analyss, Zagreb, Croata, September IEEE. Fgure 1. Blob analyss (a) typcally produces undersegmented results for humans n groups leadng to low detecton rates and poor trackng results (b). Image (c) llustrates the proposed detecton and trackng approach generatng sgnfcantly mproved results. nterest stll represents a great challenge. For nstance, blob-based moton segmentaton n the presence of nteractng targets typcally generates objects whch are under- or oversegmented (see Fg.1.a and Fg.1.b). Blobbased moton segmentaton reles on thresholdng, where the threshold s a senstve parameter leadng to an mmedate decson whether a pxel belongs to a movng or non-movng regon. Thresholdng elmnates relevant nformaton and moton segmentaton errors are dffcult to correct afterwards gven the poor qualty of bnary mages. In ths paper we propose a novel detecton and trackng scheme drectly operatng on the dfference mage obtaned by background subtracton. The method shows good trackng performance n crowded scenaros, even n the presence of a large overlap between objects. A fast varant of mean shft clusterng s appled to delneate objects and mode seekng along the densty gradent of the dfference mage s used to propagate and update object propertes. Upon occludng objects the optmal spatal arrangement,.e. the object confguraton s determned by searchng for the maxmum lkelhood estmate n the space of jont-object confguratons. The search employs a samplng scheme relyng on the mean
2 2 JOURAL OF MULTIMEDIA, VOL. 1, O. 1, APRIL 2006 shft procedure and on prors wth respect to the number and sze of nvolved humans. The paper s organzed as follows: secton II descrbes related work. Secton III provdes a bref overvew on the appled fast mean shft procedure usng a unform kernel. Secton IV descrbes the mean shft clusterng-based object detecton technque. Secton V gves detals on the trackng algorthm based on mode propagaton and descrbes the occluson handlng scheme usng a smple human model. Secton VI provdes an algorthmc summary of the trackng system. Secton VII presents detecton and trackng results and ther performance evaluaton. Fnally, the paper s concluded n secton VIII. II. RELATED WORK Human detecton by blob analyss s used n many approaches [1]. However, nferrng the poston of ndvdual humans from the bnary segmentaton results by shape analyss [2] or by stochastc segmentaton [3] requres good segmentaton qualty n order to fnd landmark ponts such as heads or shoulders. Blob-based analyss can be complemented by appearance [4] or color nformaton [5], enablng a trackng system to better cope wth occlusons. Colorbased segmentaton [6] n crowded scenes can be also used for trackng f colors are dstnctve for dfferent ndvduals. Pece [7] proposed clusterng n the dfference mage usng mxtures of Gaussans and trackng by propagatng cluster parameters. Due to the Gaussan assumpton on the cluster shapes, nteractng and occludng targets are often clustered together. Our approach also performs dfference mage clusterng; however, wthout relyng on specfc assumptons wth respect to the dstrbuton of the data. Thus nearby densty maxma,.e. cluster centers are kept separate. Color- or hstogram based trackng [8] performs mode seekng along the gradent of a hstogram smlarty functon. Our trackng approach adopts a smlar mode seekng strategy, but mode seekng n our case s performed to track densty maxma n the dfference mage. In the context of multple target trackng, partcle flterng recently appeared as a promsng technque [9]. It s capable to ntegrate dfferent mechansms, such as vsual object recognton [10], color trackng and occluson handlng [11]. Our work proposes a smple, computatonally effcent object detecton and mult-target trackng framework, whch can be also combned wth exstng detecton and trackng technques. III. THE FAST MEA SHIFT PROCEDURE Object detecton s performed by delneatng clusters n the dfference mage by the mean shft mode seekng procedure. The mean shft algorthm s a nonparametrc technque to locate densty extrema or modes of a gven dstrbuton by an teratve procedure [12]. Startng from a locaton x the local mean shft vector represents an offset to x', whch s a translaton towards the nearest mode along the drecton of maxmum ncrease n the underlyng densty functon. The local densty s estmated wthn the local neghborhood of a kernel by kernel densty estmaton where at a data pont a kernel weghts K(a) are combned wth weghts I(a) assocated wth the data. Fast computaton of the new locaton vector x' can be performed as n [13]: x' K'' K'' a ( a x) x ( a ( a x) ( a) a =, (1) where K'' represents the second dervatve of the kernel K, dfferentated wth respect to each dmenson of the mage space,.e. the x- and y-coordnates. The functons x and are the double ntegrals,.e. two-dmensonal ntegral mages [14] n the form of: and ( x) = I( x ) x (2) x x < x x < x ( x) = I( x ). (3) If the kernel K s unform wth bounded support, ts second dervatve becomes sparse contanng only four mpulse functons at ts corners. Thus, evaluatng a convoluton takes only the summaton of four corner values n the gven ntegral mage. To compute the mean shft vector at locaton x, the followng steps are performed: 1. three ntegral mages (defned n (2) and (3)) are precomputed n a sngle pass (see [14] and [15] for detals); 2. the expresson n (1) s evaluated usng only ten arthmetc operatons and twelve array accesses. The number of operatons s ndependent of the kernel sze, gven the sparse structure of K''. IV. MEA SHIFT CLUSTERIG The clusterng step s facltated by the use of a human sze model {H(x), W(x)}, where H and W denote human heght and wdth, respectvely. Ths nformaton s obtaned by a smple calbraton step. The prncpal steps of mean shft clusterng are performed analogously to the steps descrbed n [16]: 1. The dfference mage ntensty maxmum s mapped to unt ntensty and ts entre range s scaled proportonally. 2. A sample set of n ponts X 1 X n s defned by locatng local maxma - above a very low threshold T 1 - n the dfference mage. The fnal result does not depend crtcally on T 1. A very low value just ncreases the run tme and generates more outlers whch can be elmnated durng the mode trackng step. )
3 JOURAL OF MULTIMEDIA, VOL. 1, O. 1, APRIL sum magntudes { S 1, K, S }. An llustratve example k depctng these constructs s shown n Fg 2. At ths stage the detected clusters can be consdered as object canddates and probable outlers can be elmnated by mposng sze constrants on the sze of the attracton basns. V. CLUSTER TRACKIG Fgure 2. Example for fast mean shft based clusterng n a dfference mage (shown nverted). Obtaned clusters are delneated by rectangular basns of attracton (rectangles wth dashed lne). Cluster centers (black dots) and connected path pont sets (shown as lnes runnng towards cluster centers) are also shown. ote that some clusters are generated by nose and moton clutter. 3. The fast mean shft procedure s appled to the ponts of the sample set wth a wndow sze of (H(X ), W(X )) accordng to the local sze model. The mean shft procedure converges to the nearest mode typcally wthn 3-4 teratons. The mode seekng process delneates a path between the ntal pont of the sample set and the detected local mode canddate. Each mean shft teraton defnes a pont on the path, what we denote as a path-pont {PX}. Thus, each detected mode canddate locaton has an assocated set of path-ponts {PX 1,, PX n }, not ncludng the mode tself. When the mean shft offset vector s computed accordng to (1), the area sum (.e. sum of pxel ntenstes) wthn the kernel (denomnator of the expresson n (1)) s also obtaned. The set of area sum magntudes {S 1,,S n } s useful to have snce t provdes nformaton on the magntude of the local densty and as we wll see later, t can be used n the occluson handlng step evaluatng a gven spatal confguraton of kernels. 4. Gven the fnte sze of the mean shft convergence crteron, detected mode canddate locatons - obtaned for the same peak of underlyng densty - mght slghtly devate. Detected mode canddates are lnked based on spatal proxmty: all detected modes wthn a wndow of the sze (W, H) are grouped together and a cluster center Y s obtaned by takng the mean of lnked canddate coordnates. Path-pont sets belongng to grouped mode canddates are also merged, such as the sets of area sum magntudes. The merged set of path ponts s used to delneate the cluster: a boundng box representaton of the basn of attracton s obtaned by determnng the spatal extrema of path ponts n x- and y-drectons. The above clusterng process yelds followng nformaton for a gven cluster : a cluster center Y, a set of path-ponts { PX 1, K, PX }, the basn of attracton k boundares n form of a boundng box and a set of area A. Trackng by Mode Seekng Movng objects of a scene usually represent movng local densty maxma n the correspondng sequence of dfference mages. The mode seekng property of the mean shft procedure mples that a mode can be pursued by a repettve mean shft procedure: for each mode dsplacement n the dfference mage - assumng that the nterframe dsplacement s much smaller than the kernel sze - the mode locaton can be repeatedly found. The prncpal advantages of ths trackng strategy are: 1. the data assocaton problem s solved mplctly, snce the mode seekng procedure s guded to the nearby mode along the steepest densty gradent; 2. t represents a smple and computatonally effcent technque, because only a few fast mean shft teratons are suffcent to redetect the object. Furthermore, the mode seekng process can be easly complemented by an underlyng moton model. The dsadvantage of the above strategy s that such a sequental mode seekng assumes the spatal dstnctveness of avalable modes. When several densty maxma are n spatal proxmty - such as n a dfference mage of a crowded scene contanng humans occludng each other -, the dstrbuton locally mght become strongly non-gaussan and mode canddates tend to exhbt coalescence, leadng to the breakdown of affected trackng processes. If objects n the orgnal mage and correspondng dfference mage densty extrema are spatally wellseparated, the mean shft mode seekng procedure can relably track them. In the ntal frame the entre dfference mage s evaluated by the fast mean shft clusterng algorthm as descrbed n secton IV. The obtaned cluster centers are then used n subsequent frames as the ponts of a new sample set X'. Startng from these ponts the fast mean shft procedure s carred out (usng the locally-scaled unform kernel of heght H(x) and wdth W(x)) locatng the nearby mode canddate whch corresponds to the new locaton of the movng object,.e. the new cluster center. For spatally solated mode canddates we do not compute addtonal cluster parameters, such as basn of attracton or path-ponts, snce we assume that the underlyng dstrbuton vares only slghtly wth respect to ts shape. In the followng, the dfferent cases of the trackng framework are descrbed and a possble soluton for coalescng mode canddates s presented. B. Occluson Handlng If several objects meet and form a group, occluson - partal or complete - between the objects mght take
4 4 JOURAL OF MULTIMEDIA, VOL. 1, O. 1, APRIL 2006 place. Such an event generates overlappng or very close densty extrema n the dfference mage. Typcally one specfc mode attracts all or most of the nearby mode seekng procedures. We denote ths phenomenon as "mode canddate stealng". The occurrence of mode canddate stealng can be easly detected, snce two or more mode canddates appear n close proxmty. Typcally, before movng objects form a group, they can be tracked separately, as descrbed n subsecton A. After each trackng step, t s examned whether at least another cluster center exsts wthn a wndow of (0.5H(x), 0.5W(x)) around a detected cluster center. If ths s the case, mode canddate stealng has occurred mplyng that the local confguraton of humans cannot be obtaned by mode seekng. In such stuatons we employ a Bayesan approach - smlarly to the technque descrbed n [3] - to fnd the local optmum confguraton of humans best explanng the dfference mage data I. Ths task can be stated as a model-based segmentaton problem. We employ a very smple human shape model, a rectangular regon. Ths regon s equvalent to the kernel used n the mean shft procedure. All parameters (heght, wdth and orentaton) of the rectangular regon are known. The trackng algorthm provdes pror nformaton on the number of objects nvolved n the group formaton. Thus, the number of models needed to explan the data s also avalable. The search for * θ - the most probable confguraton consstng of objects - n the space of possble * confguratons θ becomes a maxmum lkelhood estmaton problem: * θ = arg maxθ P( I θ ). (4) The unknown parameters are the locatons of the humans {x,y } =1.. n the occluded state. When we detect mode canddate stealng, we perform the followng steps to fnd the optmum local confguraton of humans: 1. A new sample set of ponts by locatng local maxma s generated wthn a local mage regon spanned by the spatal extrema of nvolved object wndows. 2. Startng from these ponts fast mean shft teratons are carred out untl convergence (see Fg. 3, center). 3. The mean shft algorthm has the property that t runs along the path of the maxmum ncrease n the underlyng densty. Furthermore, the magntude of the mean shft offset correlates wth the local magntude of the densty gradent. These propertes have followng mplcatons: 1. the mean shft kernel becomes quckly centered on relevant data; 2. local plateaus or rdges on the densty surface are dstngushed by a large number of path ponts, PX (see secton IV). Our samplng procedure s guded by the path of mean shft runs. We use the path ponts as a canddate set of possble object locatons. We also make use of area sum magntudes S, whch are avalable at these locatons, obtaned as a "by-product" of mean shft computaton. Fgure 3. Example llustratng the approach searchng for the most probable confguraton of humans n the presence of occluson. Left: Occluson between two humans shown n the nverted dfference mage. Center: Mean shft mode seekng s performed startng from a set of sample ponts. Obtaned path ponts (shown as dots) represent possble locatons of a human. Rght: the found optmum confguraton of the two humans for the gven mage regons. Ths strategy sgnfcantly reduces the search space and facltates the fast evaluaton of a gven confguraton. 4. The lkelhoods for ndvdual human hypotheses are not ndependent, snce nter-occluson between humans mght be present. Therefore the jont lkelhood for multple humans has to be formulated. A hypotheszed confguraton θ dvdes the dfference mage nto two mage regons: pxels explaned by the confguraton and pxels outsde of the confguraton. If M s the mage regon occuped by the th model, the unon of mage regons M = U = 1 M defnes a mask contanng all pxels explaned by the confguraton. Accordngly, M denotes the complementary regon outsde of the models (see Fg. 3). The local mage regon R around the occludng objects s gven by R = M U M. A confguraton maxmzng the lkelhood should fulfll followng crtera: 1. maxmzng the sum of ntenstes wthn the model regon M, whle 2. mnmzng the sum of ntenstes n M, outsde of the models. A log-lkelhood functon expressng ths balance between the two quanttes can be formulated as: ( I θ ) a1 I( x) a ln P 2 I( x) x M x M x R x M A I( x) I( x), (5) usng the complementarty between M and M and the expermentally determned weght A. 5. The above quantty s evaluated for the confguratonθ. Fast evaluaton of the lkelhood expresson of (5) can be performed as follows: The sum of pxel ntenstes wthn the kernel centered at the th path pont,.e. the area sum S s obtaned durng the mean shft procedure. The frst term of (1) can be computed by: 1. takng the sum of area sums at the sampled locatons and 2. correctng for possble overlaps between hypotheszed models.
5 JOURAL OF MULTIMEDIA, VOL. 1, O. 1, APRIL Snce the models are represented by rectangular regons wth sdes parallel to the mage border, the overlap regons can be easly computed. The maxmum number of possble overlaps between objects s ( 1). Then, the sum of pxel ntenstes n the regon 2 covered by models (frst term n (5)) can be computed as: x M = 1 I ( x) = S I( x), x V where V denotes the unon of overlappng regons. The unon of overlappng regons s determned by examnng the ntersectons between all overlap regons. Snce parwse overlaps span rectangular regons, therefore - usng the ntegral mage defned n (3) - the sum of pxel ntenstes wthn an overlap regon can be obtaned by three arthmetc operatons. The second term of (5) - representng the sum of pxel ntenstes n the entre regon R - s needed to be computed only once usng the ntegral mage. 6. Generally, n our scenaros the number of occludng humans s gven by a small number; usually two, rarely three objects form an occluded group. Typcally 5-12 path ponts are used for hypotheszng object locatons, thus n the worst case, evaluaton of a couple of thousand confguratons s necessary. The models of the best confguraton are assocated - usng a nearest neghbor crteron - wth the predcted cluster centers and trajectores are updated accordngly. When usng a blob-based detecton system, occlusons between objects often generate object mergng, renderng the trackng task dffcult. The presented approach provdes measurements even n the case of complete occluson between objects, due to the use of as pror. If the pror nformaton on s ncorrect - due to detecton or trackng falures - the error s propagated further, over the duraton of occluson events. Ths problematc ssue s not handled n the present approach. C. Appearance of ew Objects ew objects are detected usng a smple scheme. For all prevously detected objects, the dfference mage s reset to zero ntensty wthn the local kernel. The resdual dfference mage s analyzed agan for the exstence of clusters, as descrbed n secton IV. Coalescence of a newly-created cluster wth a nearby cluster ndcates that the appearng object s dentcal wth an exstng object: n such cases the appearng object s deleted. D. Object Dsappearance If the mean shft offset for a tracked object remans zero over a gven tme perod, three possbltes exst: 1. the object has come to a full stop, 2. the object s generated by nose or clutter, 3. the object has dsappeared. (6) To evaluate such a case, the dfference mage regon wthn the object kernel s examned. A new set of sample ponts s generated by selectng local maxma and a clusterng step accordng secton IV s carred out. The basn of attracton of the cluster s delneated. If the dmensons of the basn of attracton sgnfcantly devate from the local scalng of a human, the object s deleted. VI. ALGORITHMIC SUMMARY The algorthm of cluster center trackng proceeds accordng to the followng man steps: 1. Integral mages (2) and (3) are computed n a sngle pass. 2. Performng clusterng n the ntal frame of the dfference mage. Cluster attrbutes (cluster center, basn of attracton, set of path ponts and area sums) are determned. 3. Inter-frame cluster center trackng by fast mean shft procedure. A lnear moton model s appled. 4. Testng for coalescence between mode canddates. If mode canddate stealng s detected, the most probable confguraton s searched usng the number of nvolved objects as prors. 5. Testng for appearance of new objects 6. Testng for dsappearance of objects. The cluster center trackng algorthm performs fast cluster center propagaton for spatally solated objects, and - n the case of occlusons - a computatonally effcent scheme proposes the optmum confguraton of occludng objects. VII. RESULTS AD DISCUSSIO Background dfferencng was carred out applyng a moton detecton technque [17] usng an adaptve background model. One sequence (4600 frames, resoluton: pxels) depctng a scene of walkng people was selected for evaluaton. The humans n the scene cast shadows and moton clutter n form of a movng flag and movng vegetaton s present (see Fg. 4). The sequence was processed by the proposed trackng approach (Fg. 4.b) and also by a common blob-based trackng algorthm (Fg. 4.a). Blob-based detecton was based on the method descrbed n [17]. The blob trackng algorthm generated a new trajectory hypothess each tme when a new blob object appeared n the mage. Blob objects and exstng track hypotheses were matched by computng the overlap between ther boundng boxes. A lnear moton model was assumed. Durng occlusons hypotheszed trajectores were solely guded by the moton model. Trackng results obtaned for the proposed tracker show that t copes well wth occlusons and shadows. Trajectores reman stable for all the targets, as t can be seen n Fg. 4.b. Occlusons between two and rarely between three persons are resolved successfully usng the proposed model-based occluson handlng scheme. Shadows are detected as solated mode canddates. In the subsequent cluster delneaton step (see secton IV) these
6 6 JOURAL OF MULTIMEDIA, VOL. 1, O. 1, APRIL 2006 TABLE I. HUMA DETECTIO PERFORMACE FOR A BLOB-BASED AD FOR THE PROPOSED APPROACH Performance measures Blob-based approach Proposed approach Detecton rate 38% 94% False alarm rate 32% 37% Mean spatal devaton between detected humans and ground truth 31% 14% umber of evaluated frames 3990 Total number of vald humans n the ground truth Fgure 4. Trackng results n the case of a (a) blob-based trackng approach and (b) for the proposed trackng scheme. mode canddates are elmnated based on the extent of the correspondng basns of attracton. ote, that shadows n ths sequence are orented nearly horzontally, thus ther elmnaton based on geometrc constrants works well. In cases where the shape and orentaton of shadows s smlar to those of the humans n the scene, shadows are detected and tracked as vald mode canddates. Blob-based trackng (Fg. 4.a) yelds only trajectory segments and trajectores representng the moton of humans n groups. Blob detecton reles on connected component analyss, whch leads to poor object segmentaton qualty n the case of overlappng humans and/or shadows. Segmented blob boundares are shown n Fg. 4.a as whte boundng boxes. Trackng falures arse from the under-segmented objects and due to the lack of measurement update durng occlusons. In order to quanttatvely assess the detecton performance, detecton results were compared to a ground truth. As ground truth, the boundng boxes of humans were determned manually for a number of frames (see Table I). Humans wth more than 50% vsble parts were consdered as vald objects. Correct detecton was assumed when the centrod of the detected human was nsde of the ground truth boundng box. A one-toone mappng between detectons and ground truth data was enforced. Trackng by mode seekng acheves a hgh detecton rate of 94%, whle generatng a false alarm rate of 37% (see Table I). The hgh detecton rate s due to the modeldrven clusterng and occluson handlng provdng accurate locatons for humans even durng occlusons. The hgh false alarm rate s generated by the permanent moton clutter caused by flag and vegetaton movements. Clusters of these movng regons are not dstngushable from humans by the proposed method. The blob-based detecton approach produces poor results for the test sequence gven the frequent occurrence of undersegmented groups and humans wth shadows. The amount of false alarms s slghtly lower, snce large connected movng regons count as a sngle detected blob, whereas the model-based approach explans them as a group of objects. The mean spatal devaton (see Table I) of detecton results was evaluated by computng the dstance n the mage space between the ground truth centrods and the centrods of matchng detectons. Ths dstance s normalzed by the local heght model H(x). As t can be seen from the table, blob detecton locatons are hghly naccurate, snce detectons are off by ca. 30% of the human heght. The large amount of spatal errors s agan due to undersegmented objects. Mean shft based detecton produces smaller errors mplyng that detected objects concde well spatally wth ground truth objects. In order to evaluate the trackng performance, a partcular ground truth trajectory undergong several occlusons was selected. Ths ground truth was compared to the trajectores generated by the blob-based and proposed trackng scheme. Trajectores obtaned for the two dfferent trackng algorthms are shown n Fg. 5 together wth the ground truth trajectory. Errors n terms of the spatal dstance measured n pxels wth respect to the ground truth trajectory are shown n Fg. 6 for the blob-based and for the proposed trackng approaches. The target tracked by mean shft mode seekng remans close to the ground truth target poston for the entre track duraton. The trajectory obtaned by the blob-based approach, however, devates sgnfcantly from the ground truth trajectory. In ths case, the tracked target s defned most of the tme by a group
7 JOURAL OF MULTIMEDIA, VOL. 1, O. 1, APRIL Fgure 5. Trajectores llustratng the ground truth trajectory and the trajectores obtaned by blob-trackng and by mode-seekng for a partcular human (marked by a rectangle). Fgure 7. Example frame showng trackng results for another sequence, where occasonal short-term occlusons by scene objects occur. correspondng to local densty maxma n the dfference mage. Furthermore we show, how detected mode canddates can be tracked usng the mode seekng property of the mean shft algorthm. A computatonally effcent strategy to locate occludng humans s presented. Stable trackng results n a challengng scene depctng frequent occlusons are acheved showng sgnfcantly mproved results when compared to a blob-based human detector. ACKOWLEDGMET Ths work has been carred out wthn the Kplus Competence Center Advanced Computer Vson. Ths work was funded from the K plus Program. Fgure 6. The spatal trackng error (wth respect to a manuallydetermned ground truth trajectory) for blob-based trackng (gray lne) and for trackng usng mode seekng (dark lne). The trajectores are shown n Fg. 5. of people leadng to a permanent offset n the centrod poston of the target. Trackng results for another mage sequence (resoluton: pxels) are shown n Fg.7. Ths scene contans occasonal occlusons between scene objects and humans. The proposed trackng approach can not cope wth short-term occlusons. In such cases trajectores termnate upon occluson and rentalze after occluson. The proposed trackng approach runs n real-tme (8-12 fps) on a 2.5 GHz PC for all of the presented sequences. VIII. COCLUSIOS Ths paper presents a novel approach to detect and track humans n real-tme n crowded scenes based on a fast varant of the mean shft procedure. We demonstrate how mean shft-based clusterng - relyng on a kernel of predefned sze - can effcently delneate objects REFERECES [1] I. Hartaoglu, D. Harwood and L. S. Davs, W4: Real- Tme Survellance of People and Ther Actvtes, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 22(8), pp , [2] Y. Kuno, T. Watanabe, Y. Shmosakoda and S. akagawa, Automated Detecton of Human for Vsual Survellance System, Int. Conf. on Pattern Recognton, C92.2, August [3] T. Zhao and R. evata, Bayesan Human Segmentaton n Crowded Stuatons, IEEE Conference on Computer Vson and Pattern Recognton, pp , June [4] A. W. Senor, Trackng wth Probablstc Appearance Models, ECCV Workshop on Performance Evaluaton of Trackng and Survellance Systems, pp , June [5] T. Yang, Q. Pan and J. L, Real-tme multple objects trackng wth occluson handlng n dynamc scenes, IEEE Conference on Computer Vson and Pattern Recognton, Vol. 1, pp , June [6] A. Elgammal, R. Duraswam and L. S. Davs, Effcent nonparametrc adaptve color modelng usng fast gauss transform, Proc. IEEE Conf. Computer Vson and Pattern Recognton, pp , December [7] A. E. C. Pece, Trackng by Cluster Analyss of Image Dfferences, Proc. 8th Int. Symposum on Intellgent Robotc Systems, July 2000.
8 8 JOURAL OF MULTIMEDIA, VOL. 1, O. 1, APRIL 2006 [8] D. Comancu, V. Ramesh and P. Meer, Kernel-Based Object Trackng, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 25(5), pp , [9] S. Maskell, M. Rollason,. Gordon and D. Salmond, Effcent Multtarget Trackng usng Partcle Flters, Journal Image and Vson Computng, 21(10), pp , September [10] K. Okuma, A. Taleghan,. de Fretas, J.J. Lttle and D. G. Lowe, A Boosted Partcle Flter: Multtarget Detecton and Trackng, In European Conference on Computer Vson, May [11] Y. Ca,. de Fretas and J.J. Lttle, Robust Vsual Trackng for Multple Targets, In European Conference on Computer Vson, May [12] D. Comancu and P. Meer, Mean Shft Analyss and Applcatons, IEEE Int. Conf. Computer Vson, pp , [13] C. Belezna, B. Frühstück and H. Bschof, Trackng Multple Humans usng Fast Mean Shft Mode Seekng, IEEE Internatonal Workshop on Vsual Survellance and Performance Evaluaton of Trackng and Survellance, pp , January [14] P. Vola and M. Jones, Rapd Object Detecton usng a Boosted Cascade of Smple Features, Proc. IEEE Conf. Computer Vson and Pattern Recognton, vol. 1, pp , [15] C. Belezna, B. Frühstück, H. Bschof and W. Kropatsch, Detectng Humans n Groups usng a Fast Mean Shft Procedure, Proc. of the 28th Workshop of the Austran Assocaton for Pattern Recognton, pp , [16] D. Comancu and P. Meer, Mean Shft: A Robust Approach Toward Feature Space Analyss, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 24(5), pp , [17] R. Collns, A. Lpton, T. Kanade, H. Fujyosh, D. Duggns, Y. Tsn, D. Tollver,. Enomoto and O. Hasegawa, A System for Vdeo Survellance and Montorng: VSAM Fnal Report, Techncal Report CMU-RI-TR-00-12, Robotcs Insttute, Carnege Mellon Unversty, [9 font fze blank 1] [9 font fze blank 2] [9 font fze blank 3] [9 font fze blank 4] [9 font fze blank 5] Csaba Belezna graduated from the Techncal Unversty of Ilmenau n He receved hs Ph.D. degree n physcs from the Claude Bernard Unversty, Lyon n C. Belezna joned the K+ Competence Center Advanced Computer Vson n 2000 as a research scentst. Snce 2005 he s Key-researcher at the competence center responsble for research actvtes n the area of Survellance and trackng. Hs research nterests nclude survellance, vsual object recognton and statstcal methods n computer vson. [9 font fze blank 1] [9 font fze blank 2] [9 font fze blank 3] Bernhard Frühstück receved hs M.S. degree n telematcs from the Graz Unversty of Technology n B. Frühstück joned Semens PSE, Graz n 2000 as a research staff member workng n the feld of bometrcs and mage processng. Hs prmary nterests nclude mage processng related to bometrc and ndustral applcatons. [9 font fze blank 1] [9 font fze blank 2] [9 font fze blank 3] Horst Bschof receved hs M.S. and Ph.D. degree n computer scence from the Venna Unversty of Technology n 1990 and 1993, respectvely. In 1998 he got hs Habltaton (vena docend) for appled computer scence. Currently he s Professor for Computer Vson at the Insttute for Computer Graphcs and Vson at Graz Unversty of Technology, Austra. H. Bschof s Key-researcher at the K+ Competence Center Advanced Computer Vson where he s responsble for research projects n the area on Statstcal methods and learnng. He s member of the scentfc board of the K+ centers VrVs (Vrtual realty and vsualzaton) and Know (Knowledge management). He s vce-presdent of the Austran Assocaton for Pattern Recognton. The research nterests nclude, learnng and adaptve methods for computer vson, object recognton, survellance, robotcs and medcal vson, where Horst Bschof has publshed more than 260 revewed scentfc papers. Horst Bschof s program co-char of ECCV 2006 to be held n Graz. He was co-charman of nternatonal conferences (ICA 2001, DAGM 1994), and local organzer for ICPR Currently he s Assocate Edtor for the journals Pattern Recognton, and Computer and Informatcs.
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Routes : North America : United States : Utah : St. George : Zion National Park : The Narrows
The Narrows
About The Narrows:
|This section includes routes in the canyon from the upper (north) end of the Riverside Walk up through The Narrows proper.
|From the Temple of Sinawava, hike north to the end of the paved Riverside Walk trail (approx 1 mile). Hike upstream from the end of the Riverside Walk.
|Approach Time:
|30 min to 1.5 hrs
|Latitude, Longitude:
|Access Issues:
|Aquire any necessary backcountry or climbing permits. Inquire with rangers at the Backcountry desk in the Visitor Center.
|Rock Type:
|Type of Climbing:
|Sun Aspect:


text:
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text:
Clean Water for Rantlamouaie, Haiti!
THE NEED FOR WATER: Life Sustaining Waters… Water: We all need it, but many of us are privileged enough to forget about our strong reliance on it. We need it for drinking, cooking, and bathing. We need it to grow crops, support animals, and for proper sanitation. We need it for industry, for energy, for fun and for life. Water is absolutely vital for life.
THE SITUATION IN RANTLAMOUAIE: In the rural village of Rantlamouaie water is available at two water holes but testing shows the water to be contaminated, which could create severe health risks to Rantlamouaie's people. The protozoa, viruses, and/or bacteria are naked to the human eye but when swallowed, these microorganisms move into the intestine, where they can reproduce causing many life-threatening health problems, such as diarrhea. According to the World Health Organization, diarrheal disease accounts for an estimated 4.1% of the total daily burden of disease, and is responsible for the deaths of 1.8 million people every year. Significantly, it has been estimated that 88% of that burden is attributable to unsafe water supplies and poor sanitation and hygiene. These problems are mostly concentrated in children in developing countries, such as the children of Rantlamouaie. Essentially, water, which should be a source of life, actually becomes a dangerous threat for many children.
Spring 2013: We reach out to find a partner(s) to assist with this project
Fall 2013: Aztech Techologies agrees to be our partner
July 2014: Cement pad and piping laid
Sept. 2014: Installation of water unit containing purification system
Donate Now!


text: The KBS Drama Awards has finalized their list of nominees for the 'Newcomer Award' and U-ie is listed as a candidate. A total of twelve rookie actors have been nominated for this award including IU, Suzy and Park Jin Young (JYP). Because of U-ie's notable acting in the drama 'Ojakgyo Brothers' she has received a lot of positive attention as evidenced by this award nomination. The 2011 KBS Drama Awards will be broadcast live on December 31st.


text:
Financial Report of the University of North Texas: For the year ended August 31, 2000
Description: Financial report for the University of North Texas in Denton, Texas contains information about revenues and expenditures for the organization during the 1999-2000 fiscal year. It includes general statements, schedules of accounts broken down by category, and other supplementary notes.
Date: 2000
Creator: University of North Texas
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Special Collections


text:
|Crowds on 1st Street SW, Calgary 6 June 1944
The display was not exactly spontaneous, having been organized by the Calgary Ministerial Association, and sanctioned by the mayor of Calgary. An estimated 15,000 people who gathered on 1st Street West at 7-8th Avenues abandoned their daily duties to join in prayer. Author Grant MacEwan, in his Calgary Cavalcade : From Fort to Fortune (1975), estimated that one sixth of the city's total population showed up that day to show their support. MacEwan wrote,
As if by magic the word went around downtown Calgary. Stores closed at 11.20 a.m., and at 11.35 a military band led the huge host of earnest people in the singing of "O Canada." Usual street noises having ceased, the singing could be heard at Mount Royal College, almost a mile away. (MacEwan, p.174)The Calgary Herald reported that the ceremony had a number of symbols familiar to Remembrance Day. One Reverend Morley noted that it had been twenty-six years since the, "fallen heroes of the last war" in John McCrae's "immortal poem" had pleaded "to you from failing hands we throw the torch, be yours to hold it high." In keeping with Remembrance Day rituals, a minute of silence was held.
The Herald recorded the reaction from a cross section of Calgarians, most of whom were confident of success. Worried mothers were happy, if concerned, and servicemen wished they were with their buddies on the beaches of France. The Herald noted that there had been great anticipation of the event,
The announcement that today was D-Day did not surprise many Calgarians. Most of them had expected that the invasion would be timed by the capture of Rome.
'Besides being a moral victory for us, the fall of Rome proved that our force in Italy do not need further support, and that our troops are now free to concentrate on France,' said a man who had been a major in the last war.
|Advertising for War Savings Certificates shows the invasion was much anticipated. 6 June 1944 Calgary Herald.
As an instance when the fighting in Europe and the Canadian homefront are clearly linked, the public display frames an interesting moment in the Canadian experience of the Second World War. Yet, as might be expected, the historical record cannot answer a myriad of questions regarding how thousands of diverse citizens understood the war.


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As a giant dust storm roars across a quarter of the face of Mars, NASA's Opportunity rover is facing possible extinction. In a teleconference, NASA engineers announced today that mission control at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California has lost contact with the unmanned probe, as the storm prevents the craft's solar panels from charging its batteries... Continue Readi
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You aren't going to get close to exhausting video memory.
Even if you have no shared vertices (so 3 vertices per triangle), and you use 9 floats per vertex (which is excessive; colours only need to use bytes, normals don't need a full 32-bit float per component), that still only works out at 1.7 * 3 * 9 * 4 = 183.6 MB for the vertices plus 1.7 * 3 * 4 = 20.4 MB for the indices, so ~200 MB in total.
Realistically, you only need 3 bytes for colour and 4 bytes (GL_INT_2_10_10_10_REV)for normals (2 bytes is usually sufficient, but requires a bit more work), which gets you down to 1.7 * 3 * 19 = 96.9 MB for the vertex data (or 1.7 * 3 * 20 = 102 MB if you want 4-byte alignment).
Sharing vertices will reduce the memory consumption further, and also reduce the vertex shader workload.
That is about correct to my calculations as well, however, from what I read is that whether I use 1,2,3,4 elements per vertex, the GPU always allocates 4 (X,Y,Z,W) and the same was true for the colors. I was not aware of the normal vectors being reduced, but really normal vectors are 1/3 what is necessary as per vertex. Currently my scene has about 1.7 Million, but it will grow to be much more once I finish. My overall goal is to have as little memory footprint on the CPU side as possible. In either event, I am going to give it a go and see what happens. Just going to need help from the group to get just one object working under the current definition of what I currently have.
Thanks for your information in this thread.
OpenGL can automatically convert the data when it reads it in vertex rendering. But this would be converting a 4-byte signed normalized normal value into a 3-float normal.


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LINCOLN, USA: Providing the latest in integrated embedded solutions and products, Z3 Technology LLC announced today the immediate availability of the Z3-DM8107-SDI2-RPS broadcast encoder.
The encoder was developed as a video infrastructure solution that works in applications such as broadcast video encoding, medical video, video security and industrial DVR, and industrial video processing.
"With encoding capability of up to 1080p60 or dual channel with 1 channel of 1080i30 and 1 channel of 720p60, the Z3-DM8107-SDI2-RPS supports H.264 BP, MP and HP," says Aaron Caldwell, CEO, Z3 Technology. "ODM and OEM costs associated with development expenses and time-to-market are significantly reduced with Z3's application software that comes with our development kits."
As with all of Z3 Technology's Rapid Prototyping Systems, the Z3-DM8107-SDI2-RPS consists of a hardware package and software bundle designed to enable rapid development of multimedia applications.
Based on the DaVinci TMS320DM8107 video processor from Texas Instruments (TI), the hardware provided includes one Z3-DM8107-MOD-0x system-on-module card and a video infrastructure application board, Z3-DM8107-APP-2x, which provides advanced video input/output capabilities.
Measuring only 82mm x 43mm, the Z3-DM8107-MOD-0x is a compact OEM-ready module and features an ARM Cortex-A8 core capable of 750MHz, parallel and serial CMOS sensor ports, dual GigE ports, two SATA2 interfaces, PCI Express and 1GB DDR3 on board as well as 256MB of Flash.
This module offers low power consumption and H.264 1080p60 performance. The Z3-DM8107-MOD-0x is designed for applications such as digital video recorders (DVR), network video recorders (NVR), industrial video interface displays and medical imaging.
Z3's custom video infrastructure application board, Z3-DM8107-APP-2x, is included with the Z3-DM8107-SDI2-RPS system. This application board leverages the I/O expansion capability of the Z3-DM8107-MOD-0x to implement additional functions not present in the base module.
The Z3-DMI8107-SDI2-RPS includes inputs for 3G-SDI, HDMI, composite and analog stereo audio. The application board also has HDMI output. Gigabit Ethernet, USB 2.0 and RS-232 comprise the remaining interfaces on the Z3-DM8107-APP-2x.
Thursday, October 23, 2014
Z3 Technology's Z3-DM8107-SDI2-RPS development system delivers low power H.264 encoder solution
Posted by Pradeep Chakraborty at 6:30 PM
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text:
OpenGL 4.0 Shading Language Cookbook
نوع مطلب :گرافیک و چندرسانه ای ،
Book Description
The OpenGL Shading Language (GLSL) is a programminglanguage used for customizing parts of the OpenGL graphics pipeline that were formerly fixed-function, and are executed directly on the GPU. It provides programmers with unprecedented flexibility for implementing effects and optimizations utilizing the power of modern GPUs. With version 4.0, the language has been further refined to provide programmers with greater flexibility, and additional features have been added such as an entirely new stage called the tessellation shader.
The OpenGL Shading Language 4.0 Cookbook provides easy-to-follow examples that first walk you through the theory and background behind each technique then go on to provide and explain the GLSL and OpenGL code needed to implement it. Beginning level through to advanced techniques are presented including topics such as texturing, screen-space techniques, lighting, shading, tessellation shaders, geometry shaders, and shadows.
The OpenGL Shading Language 4.0 Cookbook is a practical guide that takes you from the basics of programming with GLSL 4.0 and OpenGL 4.0, through basic lighting and shading techniques, to more advanced techniques and effects. It presents techniques for producing basic lighting and shading effects; examples that demonstrate how to make use of textures for a wide variety of effects and as part of other techniques; examples of screen-space techniques, shadowing, tessellation and geometry shaders, noise, and animation.
The OpenGL Shading Language 4.0 Cookbook provides examples of modern shading techniques that can be used as a starting point for programmers to expand upon to produce modern, interactive, 3D computer graphics applications.
What you will learn from this book:
- Compile, install, and communicate with shader programs
- Use new features of GLSL 4.0 such as subroutines and uniform blocks
- Implement basic lighting and shading techniques such as diffuse and specular shading, per-fragment shading, and spotlights
- Apply single or multiple textures
- Use textures as environment maps for simulating reflection or refraction
- Implement screen-space techniques such as gamma correction, blur filters, and deferred shading
- Implement geometry and tessellation shaders
- Learn shadowing techniques including shadow mapping and screen space ambient occlusion
- Use noise in shaders
- Use shaders for animation
This hands-on guide cuts short the preamble and gets straight to the point – actually creating graphics, instead of just theoretical learning. Each recipe is specifically tailored to satisfy your appetite for producing real-time 3-D graphics using GLSL 4.0.
Who this book is written for
If you are an OpenGL programmer looking to use the modern features of GLSL 4.0 to create real-time, three-dimensional graphics, then this book is for you. Familiarity with OpenGL programming, along with the typical 3D coordinate systems, projections, and transformations is assumed. It can also be useful for experienced GLSL programmers who are looking to implement the techniques that are presented here.
Book Details
- Paperback: 340 pages
- Publisher: Packt Publishing (July 2011)
- Language: English
- File Size: 9.2 MiB
Download :
برچسب ها: 3D، Cookbook، OpenGL،
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Confession—I tend to have an obsessive personality and my obsessions come in the form of addictions. Fortunately for me, my addictions are relatively benign in nature. Instead of drugs or gambling, my addictions are to stories. Maybe infatuation is a better word to describe what happens to me when a story takes a hold on me—when I don't want to say good bye to its characters and I have an insatiable need for more information about their lives and their world.
Exhibit A: In the summer months my infatuation tends towards True Blood (totally guilty pleasure). During week in between new episodes, I am compelled to read books from Charlaine Harris' Southern Vampire series that the show is based on—I can't do without the characters for the painful seven days between episodes. That's just one example…there have been many more over the years including, Lost, West Wing, and Anne of Green Gables.
My current infatuation, which has grown to a full blown obsession, is for Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice. It began quietly over a year ago and has snowballed into what is arguably a sickness. Prior to my current obsession, I'd read Pride and Prejudice a couple of times (years ago) and I'd seen every movie/TV adaptions—but I was never this captivated.
In spring of 2013 my friend, Anita lent me Austenland by Shannon Hale—that was the being. It was an enjoyable, quick read, and when the movie adaptation came out in August 2013 I was excited to see it. After seeing the movie, I was inspired to read original Pride and Prejudice again. This read—my third—had an entirely new effect on me. I was hooked on Elizabeth and Darcy. Not only was I sad to put the book down—I missed my new friends immediately—but I felt like Miss Austen left me hanging. So much was left unsaid and I had two burning questions: 1) What happens next? And 2) what were Elizabeth and Darcy (especially Darcy) thinking and feeling? Miss Austen did not deeply explore the internal lives of her characters—at least not at level that I could find satisfying. I wanted to know more about their motivations, thoughts, and feelings. And furthermore, I could not help but notice the total lack of mention of physical contact between the characters. I know that is indicative of the time in which the novel was penned, but come on…not even an accidental touching of hands? It must have happened and isn't it delicious to think about what that would have been like for Elizabeth and Darcy? It would have been positively electric I should think. At any rate, I had questions and I wanted more…
Since that fateful re-read 13 months ago I've read Pride and Prejudice a fourth time, watched the 1995 BBC adaptation countless times, and read approximately ninety works of P&P fan fiction. Yup, you read that right—ninety. Not nine, not nineteen—nine zero. My journey into fanfiction has taught me few things—the two most important being the growing availability self-publishing options means reading fanfiction can be dodgy, and when it comes to P&P fanfiction there are several varies out there. The first variety is the sequel answering—usually in a spicy way— the burning question: what happens next? The second variety shifts the perspective and retells the story from the point of view of a character other than Elizabeth—usually Darcy—and answers the question: what were they thinking and feeling? The third variety is the "what if?" retelling, which answers the question I didn't even know I had: what if one element of the story unfolded a differently than in the original?
I started my journey with a few sequels, which mostly turned out to be bodice rippers complete with all the clichés—highwaymen, kidnapping, daring rescues, sword fights, uncomfortable euphemisms for body parts, and well…bodice ripping. All in all, not satisfying. Next I moved on to retellings from Darcy's point of view. I liked some of these more, but I still needed something further. Finally, I discovered the P&P "what if" stories, which have become my favorite. They tend to do a good job of offering insight into the characters motivations while telling a new story and preventing boredom.
But, as I mentioned before, a lot of fanfiction is self-published and that means it is often not good. Many are poorly written and/or poorly edited. I'm going to give you a list of the books and authors that I like so you can avoid all the rubbish. (Disclaimer—none of these books are great works of literature. Don't expect anything more than a light, fun read) Here they are:
- Stronger Even Than Pride by Gail McEwen. In my opinion, this book is under rated by online reviewers. Something happens in the story that many fans don't like, but I think the story is romantic and sexy.
- The Subsequent Proposal: A Tale of Pride, Prejudice, and Persuasion by Joana Starnes. This book imagines a new story with both the characters from P&P and from one of Miss Austen's other novels, Persuasion. Personally, I think any book that has both Darcy and Captain Wentworth in it is a good book.
- Mr. Darcy's Pursuit by Rose Lyons. Ok, this is a little bit of a bodice ripper, but it's fun read that takes Elizabeth and Darcy to India. I could not put this one down.
- The Confessions of Fitzwilliam Darcy by Mary Street. This is by far the best retelling from Darcy's point of view. It's insightful and romantic.
- Abigail Reynolds. Ms. Reynolds is one of the most popular and well established P&P fanfiction writers out there—and with good reason. Her books can get a bit racy, but they are well written, inventive, and generally good fun. I just wish she'd stop using the word "minx." I hate that word. I would recommend her books Pemberley Medley (a collection of short stories) and The Darcy's of Derbyshire.


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From publisher blurb:
Welcome to Encounters, the fourth volume of the highly-anticipated Swords of Kos Fantasy Campaign Setting! This book contains 17 system-free encounter tables for general and specific areas on the island of Kos and the lands surrounding it. All of them can be used either individually or in conjunction with each another, and within the context of the Kos campaign setting or as part of any other milieu. It follows [rpgitem151831 Kos City] and Lands Beyond Kos and is fully compatible with and expands upon concepts that appear in them.
The Swords of Kos Fantasy Campaign Setting has deliberately been designed to be system free, not tied to any particular game setting, and to be compatible with any set of role-playing game rules suitable for ancient, medieval, or fantasy venues. In that the setting was used as the playtest backdrop for games using the OGL/d20, Pathfinder, "Basic" Dungeons & Dragons and Labyrinth Lord retroclone, and Advanced Dungeons & Dragons rules, of course, it is an especially ideal setting for them.