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A few years ago I started sharing my elk hunting experiences with folks. Originally I wasn't going to suggest caliber, but people asked and I relented. Bad move.
While some readers appreciate my 40 plus years of elk guiding and outfitting experience, some readers have criticized me for my words. (Everyone has a favorite caliber and no one should touch it without glowing words.) Some have gone so far as to run back to their virtual "hunting forums," and spread their opinions of me. I have been called an idiot, a bull shit artist, a moron, and a few words that surely violate the forums policies. So, I quit sharing my info.
But, a week or so ago, a prospective bison hunter asked me the following:
Hey, nice blog ... I have a bit off topic question- what gun to use for Buffalo hunting. I drew a buffalo tag in WY this year (I live in Pinedale). I have had friends hunt them in the past successfully with a 30.06. I myself am strongly considering using my Browning BLR PG 30.06. That said, others have told me to use a BLR .450 or Marlin 45.70. What do you think? Thanks for the comments.
Well, except for moving and herding bison, the American bufffalo, I don't have any personal experience shooting them. I have always marveled at how effortlessly they can move with very little effort. That slow lope can put distance between the best horse and rider, leaving said horse and rider in their dust. And that is without exciting the buffalo.
I've seen quite a few hunters shoot bison, but until now I've never really thought about shooting one.
To research this post, I googled the net and interviewed a few of my friends that have killed bison, and coupled that with my experience hunting elk, deer, sheep and bears. On the internet you will find vast numbers of "experts" claiming that large-bore rifles are needed. 338s and 375 seem pretty popular.
Friends suggested whatever was in the closet or in the gun safe seemed appropriate.
One of my friends, who I calved for this winter/spring, took his twin sons Thane and Luke, and his nephew, Johnny, on a bison hunt. All three youngsters shot their bison behind the ear, at 75 yards with 30-30s. The twins used a Model 94; the nephew used Marlin. None of the first shots "killed" each bison, but they were put down and only needed a follow-up shot to finish the job.
The bison is the largest land animal in North America. (To get a larger mammal one needs to look at whale.) Although they are larger than their elk, musk ox, deer, caribou, etc., their kill zone doesn't increase in size. So, to put it in perspective, a bad shot with a large-bore rifle isn't any more effective than a poor shot with a small-bore rifle. The heart doesn't get any bigger, and actually because the leg bone that covers the heart is so much heavier than elk/caribou, the kill zone is smaller. If one is taking a heart shot they should try either a quartering toward/away, or wait until the bison takes a step forward with the near leg before delivering the shot.
To answer the comment/question, I would use the 30-06 in the closet, but remember to practice hitting a heart sized target at 200 yards. Not just at 200, but throughout the arc of the bullet.
Alternatively, I would order a fancy Shiloh Sharps rifle in either 50-90 or 45-110 caliber. I like guns and to have a old-style buffalo rifle in a obsolete cartridge hanging on the wall alongside the tanned hide would complement my rifle collection and my living room.
After writing this I hope that none of those wonderful "forum goers" has any heartburn over my choice of calibers. That would just break my heart--ya' know, to have my real life experience conflict with some computer hack sitting on his duff, handing out what he/she thinks is real. So much for my rant!

subset: commoncrawl


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The Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester offers a panorama of 5,000 years of world art. Spanning from ancient to contemporary, our expansive collection of over 12,000 objects can enrich the study of disciplines in the humanities and the sciences, enhancing students' visual literacy, writing, and critical thinking skills. The MAG also boasts an exciting calendar of special exhibitions that reflect current topics and trends.
MAG invites collaboration with UR faculty, students and student organizations. College and university classes and groups can schedule a tour or choose a self-guided visit. Faculty can make special arrangements for their class to see works from the Prints and Drawings collection which are not currently on view. In addition, the museum has a flexible classroom space that can be reserved with advance notice if there is need for a more formal learning environment during your visit. Additional options include: on-campus classroom visits, multi-session visits, or other forms of programming, tied to curricular needs.
A unique partnership between MAG and the College's Writing, Speaking, and Argument Program brings freshman writing classes to the museum for discussions about art. Read more.
Round-trip transportation between the UR campus and the museum is provided by the University and arranged by the museum for all courses. While many instructors schedule a visit during class time, we are also available to meet with you and your students at other times.
FREE for University of Rochester students, faculty and staff with valid ID.
FREE to Nazareth College students and faculty with valid ID.
$6 for college students and faculty with valid ID
Free visitor parking is available in all lots on the Gallery grounds.
Museum Hours
Wednesday – Sunday: 11 am – 5 pm
Thursday: 11 am – 9 pm
Mondays and Tuesdays: closed
Additional hours are available upon request for groups affiliated with the University of Rochester
If you are affiliated with the University of Rochester and would like to schedule a visit, discuss a possible program, or have any questions, please contact:
Andrew Cappetta
Assistant Curator of Academic Programs
If you are affiliated with another college or university and would like to schedule a visit, please contact:
Mary Ann Monley
Administrator of Volunteer Services


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Sign the Pledge
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Before you buy Candy to Fill Those Easter Baskets April 14, 2017 If you have been down the Easter candy aisle of your local big box store this year you may have noticed the wide assortment and variety of Easter … Continue reading


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Ghosts of the Prairie
Maryville, Missouri
Students living in a dorm called Roberta Hall on this campus report that the place has been haunted by a former resident for many years. There is even a long standing tradition here of making a burn mark on the doors to their rooms with a hot iron.... this is thought to discourage nocturnal visits from the ghost. The ghost dates back to April of 1951, when a gas tank east of the building exploded. Flames could be seen from the explosion more than seventy miles away and the force of it sent the tank crashing into the side of the dormitory. One student, a girl named Roberta Steel, was critically injured in the explosion and while she struggled to recover for many months, she finally died in November of 1952.
Apparently, her struggle to hang onto life has left an impact on the building because many believe her ghost still walks here and the dorm has been considered haunted since her death. Doors and windows were said to lock, unlock and open by themselves, lights mysteriously go out at night if the spirit of Roberta thinks that are left on too loud. She is even said to go as far as to turn down radios and televisions that she thinks are turned up too loud.It has also been reported by many students that they have heard the sound of Roberta playing a piano in an abandoned basement room. The sound of music has often been heard echoing in the dark rooms and no one has ever been seen playing the piano.
The tradition of burning marks on the doors of the rooms started after a night when Roberta's ghost materialized in one of the rooms and tried to get into bed with a frightened student. The girl pushed away the seemingly solid phantom and Roberta started dancing in circles in the center of the room until she abruptly vanished.
Maryville, Missouri is located in northwestern Missouri, about twenty miles north of St. Joseph. The university is located on the northeast side of the city.
©Copyright 2001 by Troy Taylor. All Rights Reserved.


text: The benefits of outsourcing the Human resources services Posted by writer in Uncategorized On April 1, 2017 The human resource department of the company is in charge concerning different functions in the business. The human resource department is in charge to oversee the tax filing et al the payroll of the employees together with Read More 5 Resources for Success of Your Company Incorporation Singapore Posted by writer in Uncategorized On April 1, 2017 Prime Resources that vessel Certify Arrival of an EntrepriseWell, it is hard to say during an individual may actually get bitten by the bug. But the process starts sufficient earlier in his alternative her life. In the Read More


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Original Content - Professional Topics
Budjetti $100-300 USD
We need a professional scribe who can consistently deliver knowledgable, insightful, and up to date articles on professional topics such as Brand Management, CRM, Customer Retention, Improving your bottom line etc.
Every piece must be 100% original, as they will be copyrighted. Your work will appear in newsletters (on & off line) - so any layout, diagram and chart production a bonus.
Each piece will be around 500-1000 words, and will be purchased in batches of 20, 50% upon recieving all 20, and 50% on completion of any revisions, if any.
If you are selected from your bid, you must be prepared to write a small paragraph on our chosen subject as a sample. You may also like to tell us more about yourself, which topics you like to write about and which may be of interest to us.
The above work is required in English, but if you are able to produce the above in Chinese (simplified and traditional) we would also like to hear from you, so do get in touch.
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Thursday, February 26, 2009
Latest project- Peri winkle earrings
These are the first prototypes; the earring on the left is my first piece but it doesn't wrap as much as I would like, I am having trouble getting the same etch texture with my latest silver pieces.
The middle earring is the type of effect/wrap that I want
The one on the right is my experimental piece with intaglio etching and torch fire enamelling.
This picture was experimental etching done with torch firing
This piece of copper is a relief etch which I will be constructing my next earrings with, I will then enamel and grind them until the copper pattern shows through which I will then silver plate and hopefully the pattern will show through in silver with an enamelled back ground.
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Ayahuasca Retreat 8-day
- Novalis
- Puerto Maldonado, Peru
- Mar 19 - 26, 2018 (8 days)
- sliding scale
About us
Novalis in the Peruvian amazon will be hosting a medicine retreat in March 2018.We will be working with the medicine team of Loyver Yui, Jessica Simmons, Briana Pond, and Juan Zuniga.
At NOVALIS we offer ayahuasca retreats for private groups of six to eight participants at our treehouse home in the jungle of SE Peru. We offer a sliding scale payment options for this in need ( based on availability) and service exchange option.
Retreat 1: March 3rd-March 10th
Retreat 2: March 11th - March18th
Retreat 3: March 19th -26th
-1 week ($900)
-2 weeks ($1600)
-3 weeks ($2100)
-2 week dieta ($1600)
Each ayahuasca retreat will include:
Transportation from Puerto Maldonado to NOVALIS and back (forty minute car ride followed by a forty five minute beautiful boat ride along the river, and a forty min scenic hike through the rainforest)
Accommodation in our shared tree houses completely screened in from mosquitos, with netting provided over the beds, comfortable mattresses, fresh sheets and lanterns.
Possibility to take part in preparation of the medicine (depending upon the timing of cooking and a particular retreat)
Individual health consultations (if required) with our medicine people
Yoga and Reiki sessions
Sharing circles before and after ceremonies
Flower/Plant baths and cleanses in our outdoor wooden hot tubs
Individually selected plant dietas (depending on the type of retreat)
Opportunity to deepen your knowledge of shamanic practice and the use of medicinal plants
Nature Immersions (plant identification walks, nature walks, forest meditation, river swims)
Locally grown vegan meals cooked with love (All meals included)
At least 3 Shipibo Grandmother Ceremonies
Transpersonal Psychology Integration Circles
A Variety of Ceremonial & Sacred Living Activities (Fire Ceremonies, Ofrendas, Coca Ceremony, Cacao Ceremony, etc.)
Permaculture based activities with Briana Pond
Venue HighlightsOur center has treehouses.
We are located 2 hours outside of the city of Puerto Maldonado. Puerto Maldonado is a jungle hub and one of the closest to Cusco.
We are surrounded by primary forest, and do not use electricity.
Local fruit smoothies
Dahl and bean soups, served with Turmeric rice (made with local, organic turmeric), or yuca root.
Herbal teas
AccommodationsYou will be housed in one of our treehouses, 7m off the ground. Each treehouse has room for 2-3 people.
You have access to fresh spring water, medicinal baths, running water, and composting toilets.
DirectionsPlease meet in the city of Puerto Maldonado the day before the retreat begins.
We will take care of all transport to and from Puerto Maldonado.
ReviewsWrite a review - tell others about your experience.
Thank you!
We're glad you've joined our retreat community. See you around :)Return to my event ×


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Dowlin, Edwards fashion first-innings lead
West Indies A 254 for 5 (Dowlin 84, Edwards 62, Mpofu 3-34) lead Zimbabwe 183 (Taibu 86, Shillingford 4-48, Pascal 3-28) by 71 runs
West Indies A captain Travis Dowlin led a recovery of sorts but missed out on a century on the second day of the first class match against Zimbabwe at the Grenada National Stadium on Saturday.
The hosts were in a spot of trouble, losing three quick wickets to slip from 62 for 0 to 92 for 3 when Dowling walked in. He struck a classy 84 off 178 balls, inclusive of six boundary hits. Kirk Edwards supported his captain through a critical 125-run stand that gave their side first-innings honours and took them to a position of strength. Edwards was unbeaten on 62 at stumps.
Dowlin was eventually dismissed by legspinner Graeme Cremer, caught at midwicket. Shane Dowrich was also sent back before stumps by Chris Mpofu who finished with figures of 20-10-34-3. He was largely responsible for Zimbabwe's strong showing earlier in the day, dismissing both openers within the space of one run.
Kraigg Brathwaite edged to Brendan Taylor at second slip and Justin Guillen was trapped in front for 25. Left-handed Jason Haynes reached 17 before edging Timycen Maruma to Taylor at slip. After that, the hosts took control to reach a position from which to dictate terms in the remaining days.


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Journal of Spectroscopy
Volume 2013, Article ID 797232, 7 pages
Study of Ultraviolet Emission Spectra in ZnO Thin Films
1Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
2Institute of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
Received 7 June 2012; Accepted 21 August 2012
Academic Editor: Vincenza Crupi
Copyright © 2013 Y. M. Lu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Photoluminescence (PL) of ZnO thin films prepared on c-Al2O3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) are investigated. For all samples, roomtemperature (RT) spectra show a strong band-edge ultraviolet (UV) emission with a pronounced low-energy band tail. The origin of this UV emission is analyzed by the temperature dependence of PL spectra. The result shows that the UV emission at RT contains different recombination processes. At low temperature donor-bound exciton (D0X) emission plays a major role in PL spectra, while the free exciton transition (FX) gradually dominates the spectrum with increasing temperatures. It notes that at low temperature an emission band (FA) appears in low energy side of D0X and FX and can survive up to RT. Further confirmation shows that the origin of the band FA can be attributed to the transitions of conduction band electrons to acceptors (e, A0), in which the acceptor binding energy is estimated to be approximately 121 meV. It is concluded that at room temperature UV emission originates from the corporate contributions of the free exciton and free electrons-to-acceptor transitions.
1. Introduction
ZnO, with a direct band gap of 3.37 eV and a binding energy of exciton as high as 60 meV at room temperature (RT), has been extensively studied as a candidate material for ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs) [1–3]. To realize the application of these devices, it is necessary to fabricate undoped ZnO thin films which avail to obtain a stable high-yield exciton emission at RT. However, it is well known that the fabrication of the high quality ZnO films is rather difficult. Because it is common to use Al2O3 as the substrate for the growth of ZnO thin films, 18% lattice mismatch between ZnO and Al2O3 results in the presence of various native defects in ZnO thin films [4–7]. These defects often control directly or indirectly doping, compensation, minority carrier lifetime, and luminescence efficiency. Consequently, it is very important to understand behavior of these defects in ZnO-based materials. Photoluminescence (PL) emission spectroscopy is a useful method to examine the quality of the grown ZnO thin films, which may provide important information on understanding the carrier recombination processes and the role of defects in ZnO.
In the reported PL spectra, the origin of the room temperature UV emission was extensively studied. Most of the authors suggested that the UV emission at RT originates from free exciton recombination [8–12]. However, Ohashi et al. reported that the most intense emission at RT for undoped crystals was not free-exciton recombination but was related to an unspecified localized state [13]. Zhao and Willander found that the room temperature UV emission contains two different transitions, in which one is related to the ZnO free-exciton and the other is related to the free-to-bound transition [14]. Up to now, the room temperature UV emission is still in debate. In addition, the controversies on PL properties also present to some UV emission bands obtained at low temperature. For example, the 3.31-eV emission band observed in a great variety of ZnO materials has been interpreted controversially. Many authors have assigned this UV emission band to longitudinal-optical (LO) phonon replicas of the excitons (FX-LO) [15, 16], acceptor-bound excitons (A0X) [17], electron-hole recombination from donor acceptor pairs (DAP) [18], free electron-to-acceptor transition (e, A0) [19], and so forth. Noticeably, the 3.31 eV emission band is also frequently observed in intentionally p-doped ZnO [20–25]. Most of the works revealed that it is as a test criterion of p-type conductivity formed by substitutional acceptors. Recently, a remarkable work was reported in undoped ZnO epitaxial layers grown on a-Al2O3 substrates, in which the 3.31 eV emission band observed at low temperature originates from a (e, A0) transition. And they give clear evidence that the localized acceptor states causing the 3.31-eV luminescence should be associated with the stacking faults rather than the substitutional impurities [19].
On the other hand, the measurements of the electrical properties in undoped ZnO thin films grown on Al2O3 substrate show n-type conductivities with low electron mobilities of <100 cm2V−1s−1, which is quite smaller than 300 cm2V−1s−1 based on the reported value in ZnO films grown on lattice-matched ScAlMgO4 substrates [2]. Such low electron mobility implies the existence of the scattering mechanisms due to unknown localized states. In conclusion, until now the impact of these defects on the optical and electrical properties of ZnO is still a subject of much debate. The clarifying of the PL origin not only can deepen and enrich the research of the impurity and defect behaviors but also is more advantageous for the development of ZnO-based devices.
In this paper, we report near band edge UV luminescence in the ZnO thin films grown on c-Al2O3 substrates by PLD method. The mechanism of the UV emission band is investigated by the temperature dependence of PL spectra. The 3.31 eV emission band observed at low temperature is assigned to the transitions of conduction band electrons to acceptors. It is suggested that at room temperature UV emission is composed of two recombination processes. One is the free-exciton emission (FX), another is the free electron -to-acceptor emission (e, A0).
2. Experiment
ZnO thin films were fabricated on c-Al2O3 substrates by using a KrF excimer laser (Lamda Physics Compexpro 205, nm, ns pulse duration). The laser beam was focused onto a rotating target at a 45° angle of incidence, and the energy density of the laser beam at the target surface was maintained at about 2 J/cm2. A 99.99% purity ZnO ceramic target with the thickness of 4 mm and the diameter of 60 mm was used as source materials.
Al2O3 substrates degreased in acetone and methanol for 10 min, respectively, and then etched in a hot (160°C) solution of H2SO4 : H3PO4 = 3 : 1 for 15 min., followed by a rinse in deionized water and dried by the high-pure nitrogen gas before being loaded into the growth chamber. Prior to growth, the chemical cleaned substrates were thermally treated at 800°C in high vacuum atmosphere () for about 30 min to remove the surface contaminants. Sequentially, ZnO was deposited on this treated substrate at 700°C for 120 min. In the growth process, O2 partial pressure in the growth chamber was varied from 0.2 to 5 Pa. The repetition frequency of the laser was 5 Hz, and the target-substrate distance was 8.5 cm.
After growth, the sample quality was confirmed by a Rigaku O/max-RA X-ray diffractometer with Cu radiation (). Photoluminescence spectra were measured at different temperatures. The sample was attached to the cold finger of an optical cryostat in conjunction with a cryogenic refrigerator and cooled down to ~10 K. The 325 nm line of a He-Cd laser with a power of 20 mW was used as the excitation source. The photoluminescence from the sample was dispersed through a monochromator (ZLX-FS Omni-3005) and detected by a photomultiplier tube (Hamamatsu R928) followed by a photon counter (Zolix DCS200PC). The carrier concentration and Hall mobility were measured by ET-9007 Hall measurement system through the Van de Pauw method.
3. Results and Discussion
Figure 1 shows the patterns of X-ray diffraction (XRD) for four samples of ZnO thin films grown on c-Al2O3 substrates at different O2 partial pressures in the growth chamber, which are 5, 3, 1, 0.5 Pa for the samples A, B, C, and D, respectively. It is noted that besides the Al2O3 (006) peak, only ZnO (002) and (004) diffraction peaks can be observed for all samples. This indicates that the grown ZnO thin films have the wurtzite structure with a high c-axis orientation. To further confirm the crystal quality of the ZnO films, XRD (103) -scan measurements were performed. The inset of Figure 1 shows the measured result for the sample A. It is clearly seen the six peaks separated by 60° with almost same intensities, indicating the formation of a sixfold symmetric single-crystal ZnO.
Figure 2 shows photoluminescence (PL) spectra in UV region range for the above samples at RT excited by a He-Cd laser with 325 nm line. As seen in Figure 2, one UV emission band with a central wavelength of 377.5 nm (3.284 eV) can be observed for the four samples. It is obvious that this UV emission band has a large linewidth (>100 meV) and one shoulder (arrow in the figure) can be clearly seen at lower-energy side of this peak. The ZnO RT UV emission is extensive reported as a characteristic excitonic emission in the literatures [8–12]. In addition, Most of the works indicated that low-energy band tail of UV peak at RT is associated to LO-phonon replica of free exciton [16, 21].
In order to study the origin of the room temperature UV emission band, the temperature dependence of the PL spectrum from the ZnO thin films grown on a sapphire substrate has been measured. Figure 3 shows the PL spectra at various temperatures for the sample A. At 10 K, the spectrum mainly composed of a strong emission of D0X band and a weak band labeled FA located at 3.355 and 3.309 eV, respectively. As temperature increases to 50 K, the FA-LO band appears in low energy side of the band FA. In addition, one peak (FX) can be clearly observed in high energy side of D0X band at 50 K and becomes stronger and stronger with temperature increasing to 130 K. At 90 K, the FX at 3.370 eV is comparable in intensity to the remaining D0X emission at 3.350 eV. As the temperature increases from 130 to 260 K, the intensity of D0X band decreases rapidly and the FX emission band becomes increasingly important in spite of its intensity decreases with increasing of temperature. It notes that at 110 K an emission band labeled FA-2LO appears in low energy side of the FA-LO band, and the bands of FA, FA-LO, and FA-2LO can survive up to 260 K. Significantly, a careful study of these bands should be necessary to consider because of their contribution to the room temperature UV emission.
Figure 4 shows the fitted spectra by multipeaks of Lorentzian line shape at the four typical temperatures. According to their energy values, the FX and D0X peaks were attributed to the emission of free exciton and the recombination of excitons bound to neutral donors, respectively. As reported in [18], D0X assigned to donor-bound excitons with 10–15 meV binding energy dominates in low temperature spectra and the free-exciton recombination plays a major role in high temperature. By comparing with the peak positions of the FA and FX, two peaks have the energy spacing of about 47 meV, which is less than the energy of ZnO LO phonon [17]. Therefore, it can be believed that the FA peak should be associated with the impurity or defects rather than the first LO phonon replica of the free exciton recombination (FX). In our previous work, PL spectrum at 80 K of undoped ZnO thin film grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (P-MBE) clearly shows the first and the second LO phonon replica of FX (FX-LO and FX-2LO) [21]. In this paper, the fabrication of the samples was used by PLD method on a deviation from the stoichiometric ratio condition. The measure of the film thicknesses shows the increase of the growth rate with increasing O2 partial pressure. This indicates that the growth of the films is on a rich-Zn condition, resulting in the observation of FA emission related to the defects. For FA-LO and FA-2LO bands, we note that the energy differences between the FA-LO and FA-2LO bands to the FA band are close to one and two LO phonon energies of ZnO. This implies that FA-LO and FA-2LO bands should correspond to the first and the second LO phonon replica of the FA band.
Figure 5(a) exhibits the temperature () dependence of integral PL intensities () for FX band. One can clearly see that at high temperature, the emission intensity represents the decrease with temperature increasing due to the thermal quenching. The dependence of on for FX band can be fitted by the following formula (1): where is the peak intensity at temperature K, is a parameter, is the activation energy in the thermal quenching process, and is the Boltzmann constant. From the plots (solid line), the thermal activation energy is estimated to be 59 meV for FX band. This value agrees well with the free exciton binding energy of ZnO (~60 meV) [1–4].
Figure 5(b) shows the intensity ratio of FA to FA-LO (FA/FA-LO) as a function of temperature. It can be seen that the value presents a downtrend as the temperature increases. In the same temperature range, the phonon replicas could be much stronger than the no-phonon recombination due to self-absorption, but the intensity ratio of the first to the second LO-phonon replica should increase linearly with temperature [26, 27]. As shown in Figure 5(b), it is found that is decreased with the temperature from 90 to 260 K. Thus, FA-LO band is not the second LO replica of FX, but rather is the first LO replica of FA, that is, FA band cannot be the first LO replica of FX.
Although we excluded that the FA band is from the first LO replica of the free exciton, the luminescence band still exist many other controversial luminescent mechanisms [14, 15, 17, 18, 28]. The comparison with literature [14, 19, 28] strongly suggests that the observed FA band originates from free-to-acceptor transition, that is, the recombination of an electron from the conduction band with a hole bound to an acceptor state, labeled (e, A0). A further confirmation of this assignment will be demonstrated below. In Figure 3, PL spectra exhibit that the FA band at low energy side of D0X and FX can be clearly observed in whole temperature range from 11 to 260 K. At lower temperature (<130 K), the intensity of the FA, and FA-LO bands gradually becomes strong with increase temperature. At 130 K, four evident emission peaks labeled FX, D0X, FA, and FA-LO are located at 3.360 eV, 3.346 eV, 3.301 eV, and 3.227 eV, respectively. With further increases in ZnO sample temperature, the FA band deceases in relative intensity and becomes more pronounced at the high-energy tail. This is a typical feature of the free-to-bound transition [19]. In undoped ZnO, typical donors have binding energies in the range of 46–63 meV [29], while acceptor binding energy is larger (>100 meV) [30]. Due to the release of the electrons from donors with smaller binding energy, the electron concentration in the conduction band increases with increasing temperature (<130 K), resulting in the FA emission intensity increases. For >130 K, the observed thermal quenching of the FA band is related to hole release from acceptors.
In order to verify that the recombination of free-to-acceptor is responsible for the observed FA band, the temperature dependent peak position is analyzed, as shown in Figure 6. The open circles in Figure 6 are the data generated from the FA band. Because the temperature dependence of the free-to-bound transition energy differs from the bandgap energy by , a curve-fitting analysis of the temperature dependence of the FA transition energy by using the following formula [31]: where and are the temperature-dependent band gap energy and FA band energy, respectively, is the acceptor binding energy, is the Boltzmann constant, and are constants, is the band gap energy at . The blue curves in Figure 6 represent the results of the best fit according to (2). The energy is obtained to be 121 meV. The fitted values of , and are equal to 3.440 eV, 8.6 × 10−4 eV/K and 800 K, respectively, which are in good agreement with those reported by Wang and Giles [31]. This fact provides evidence that the observed FA transition has the characteristic of the free-to-bound transition. In Figure 6, the FX and D0X peak energies from PL spectra are also plotted with solid square and solid circle symbols. As can be seen, although the FX, the D0X, and the FA transition energies are reduced with increasing temperature, the change of their transition energies is different. The transition energies of the free and bound excitons show similar temperature dependence as the band-gap energy (red lines). Hence, the redshift of the FA emission peak is significantly smaller than the FX and D0X. This further identifies the FA band as a free-to-bound transition.
Though we identify the FA band as a free-to-bound transition, a further investigation is required to clarify this bound state is donor-like or acceptor-like. Because this band around 3.310 eV always appears in p-type ZnO, not only in N-doped [20, 21] but also in P-doped [22, 23], and As-doped [24, 25] samples, it has been assigned to (e, A0) transition related to these substitutional acceptors. However, this luminescence band has indeed frequently been observed in undoped ZnO samples, especially in ZnO nanostructure materials [14, 15, 17, 18]. In our previous works, the 3.31 eV luminescence assigned (e, A0) transition is observed in N-doped p-type ZnO thin films [21] and ZnO nanowalls [28]. If these reported results in undoped ZnO are consistent with p-type ZnO, that is, the observed luminescence band around 3.31 eV is ralated to acceptors, it is necessary to discuss the origin of the acceptors in undoped n-type ZnO.
Recently, some research results confirm the existence of certain acceptor states in n-type ZnO with relatively high concentrations [19, 32]. Janotti and Van De Walle given the acceptor/donor concentration ratio of 0.41 in ZnO : Ga samples and suggested the dominant acceptors are likely zinc vacancies () and/or neutral complexes related to . Indeed, the theoretical study shows that is deep acceptor with a low formation energy, and it can act as compensating centers in n-type ZnO [5]. Simultaneously on the experimental, has been directly identified as the dominant acceptor in as-grown ZnO [7]. On the other hand, Schirra and Schneider reported that the acceptor states related to stacking fault in ZnO films grown on a-Al2O3 substrates [19], in which the 3.31-eV luminescence assigned to (e, A0) transition is found to be related to a high local density of acceptors in conjunction with crystallographic defects. The existence of these acceptors with the estimated concentration of 1018~1020 cm−3, which might exceed the donor concentration, will play a vital role for the electrical properties [19, 32]. From this consideration, the room temperature electrical properties of ZnO films were measured by the four-probe van der Pauw method. Based on these measurements, the grown samples show n-type characteristics with a resistivity of the order of 10 Ω·cm. In addition, obtaining such high resistivity corresponds to a mobility of 10 cm2 (V s)−1 and a carrier concentration of 1015 cm−3. It is well known that undoped ZnO films has a nature of the residual n-type conductivity due to donor-like intrinsic defects, such as oxygen vacancies () and interstitial zinc atoms (). In the majority of the pertinent works [2, 3], the obtained carrier concentration in undoped ZnO films is the order of 1016–1018 cm−3. Obviously, these values are much higher than that of our sample. Thus, high resistivity in our work is suggested to be due to the compensating effect formed by large numbers of acceptor states. Here, the acceptors likely arising from the native defects will cause the electrical properties degradation. Not only such, these acceptor states will bring important influence on room temperature UV emission. To identify the acceptor origin need further investigation in detail.
4. Conclusion
In summary, we have performed a detailed study about photoluminescence properties of ZnO thin films grown on c-Al2O3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The origin of UV emissions at RT is studied carefully by measuring different temperature spectra of ZnO thin films. The result shows at low temperature donor-bound exciton emission plays a major role in PL spectra, while the free-exciton transition gradually dominates the spectrum with increasing temperatures. The room temperature UV emission contains two different transitions. One is related to the ZnO free-exciton and the other is related to the free-to-bound transition. The focus is put on the confirmation of this the free-to-bound transition observed at 3.309 eV at low temperature. It is strongly suggested that the 3.309 eV band originates from free-electrons-to-acceptor recombination. The acceptor binding energy is estimated to be about 121 meV.
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant no. 60976036, the Science and Technology Research Items of Shenzhen and the Items of Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials (Grant nos. T201101 and T201109).
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A dog as unique as his name!
Meet Chakotay, a 7 month old Pomeranian mix who is lovingly nicknamed Lord Nibbler by his family. He was adopted from Misfits Animal Rescue in Wautoma, WI.
His resume includes Puppy Preschool, Puppy Obedience, Puppy Agility, and Puppy Playgroup. According to his parents, Puppy Agility is his absolute favorite. He used to be the puppy that hid between his owners legs during playtime and would cower and hide when the puppies came close. Now he is the life of the party, often being the one to instigate play. He has opened up to people and will let most people pet him (other than trainer Melissa!).
Chakotay is a true story of how classes and socialization can really help a dog come out of his shell. On his first day he was so scared that he didn't want to walk into the store, he wouldn't look at the camera for pictures, and he wouldn't take treats. He loved Mom & Dad, but not much else. His family put a lot of time and energy into helping him overcome his shyness.
The word Chakotay means "Man who walks the Earth, but looks to the Sky". It seems very appropriate for this little guy as he is small in stature and close to the earth, but he loves climbing and being up high toward the sky. He has really taken to agility class. Although everything is kept very low since he is still a puppy, he has no problem going over the once scary A-frame and through the tunnel that he would only go through if Mom was at the other end. Now he loves to run through all the obstacles on his own and often stands at the highest point just enjoying the view.
According to his Mom, Chakotay loves to lay in awkward positions. Often referred to as King of Frog Legs, he's been seen having both back legs at 180 degrees from each other in various directions. That's just one of the many quirks from this fluffy puppy and one of the many ways he makes his family smile and laugh each day.
"His quirky smile and winning personality are what makes him the dog of a lifetime for us" – Chakotay's family
Congratulations on being dog of the month for September! We are so happy to see you come this far and look forward to seeing you continue to grow. The best dogs in the world come through our doors at Zoom Room and Chakotay is definitely one of them!


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A couple of weeks ago, Bob and Sandy J— had us over for a wonderful lobster dinner. It was a fabulous evening where we finally got to catch up on our lives after not having seen each other in months even though we live in the same neighborhood. Strange how that happens sometimes, no?
During appetizers, Sandy shared the great news. I was surprised, but it wasn't unexpected.
For dessert, the Jamisons served poached pears with a flavorful sauce. I love pears and it was a delightful finish to a delicious meal.
Follow Stark Insider on Twitter and Facebook. Join our 11,000 subscribers who read SI on tablets and smartphones on Google Newsstand. Prefer video? Watch us on Amazon Prime or subscribe to Stark Insider on YouTube, the largest arts & travel channel in San Francisco.


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CROWN POINT, Ind. (AP) Â? A Gary woman was sentenced to two years in prison Monday for placing the body of her disabled cousin in a plastic storage bin and cashing his $500 Social Security check, Lake County authorities said.
Darcel E. Pettus, 54, pleaded guilty last month to violent or suspicious death of a person, failure to notify authorities of the discovery of a body or moving a body from the scene and felony theft, Prosecutor Bernard A. Carter said.
Pettus was arrested last year following the death of Victor Thomas, 42, who was mentally handicapped and had been bedridden for more than a year. When Pettus found him dead in his bedroom, she bought a large plastic bin from a Wal-Mart Store, wrapped the body in plastic and placed it in the container, Carter said.
The body was found more than a month later after Pettus' daughter notified police, the prosecutor said.
Pettus also admitted cashing Thomas' Social Security check and using the money to pay her rent, he said.


text: Still working my way around, trying to find the right place for this. I've had the new VZ Thunderbolt for about 2 months now. Love the phone, but there seems to be a bug in the dialer. I've used Outlook for years to manage my personal and work contacts. When I put the phone number in using the #(###)###-#### format, Outlook automatically prepends a "+" to the number. So entering 1(212)555-1212 is stored as +1 (212) 555-1212. What I've found is that for all my 201 area code contacts (New Jersey), the call is picked up as an international call and since the number does not seem to exist anywhere else, the call fails. To get it to work, I have to go into the contact number and remove the +. I'd suck it up and update all my contacts, removing the + but this does not affect any other number. Has anyone else seen this issue on the Thunderbolt or other phones? My previous phone was the Motorola Droid (v1) and I did not have this problem with that phone. So I suspect it is an issue with HTC. Thanks!


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The biggest worry for aging community is probably having wrinkles all over their face, unless there is a fountain of youth for keeping a human young, it is unlikely to reverse the aging process. However, it is known to the public that there have been huge efforts from science and cosmetic industry to help slowing down the aging process, eliminating aging marks using various health supplements as well as revolutionary and breakthrough in skin renewable technology.
We are not going into the complex technology for renewing wrinkles skin, but recently, a Japan gadget maker has come up with a neat solution, at the least to prevent wrinkles from popping up on your face using the simple Oyasumi Goodnight Brow Stretcher as well as the Face Slimmer Exercise Mouth Piece.
Oyasumi Goodnight Brow Stretcher is solely designed to help preventing wrinkles on user's forehead area, to be more specific, on the facial area above the brows. Since there is no relevant facial exercise capable to prevent wrinkles from happening on this specific region, the idea is to strecth the facial area of skin on the forehead, adding the so called 'infrared dots' on the inside of the band that work by heating your skin up.
Comes in a free dimension that could fits into head size between 54-59cm in diameter, this Oyasumi GoodNight Brow Strecther is made of polyurethane, silicone and nylon material. If proven to be working, this should safe one from expensive plastic surgery for good, don't you agree?
No further explanation about these infrared dots, but do you think Oyasumi Goodnight Brow Stretcher will definitely do the trick?
For pricing and availability, you could check out this particular product right here!
For users planning to get the Oyasumi Goodnight Brow Stretcher, it is advisable to consult your family doctor regarding the usage of the infrared heat on your skin, especially those with sensitive skin problems.


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Check out the trailer for my new book, Time Zero. And please let me know what you think!
This is a powerful and chilling book trailer, especially as women's rights are being chiseled away wherever we look. As a fellow She Writes Press novelist (Things Unsaid), I've also portrayed how women–even those who feel empowered–still have the burden of moral choices dealing with family, caring for aging parents, and pursuing their own dreams all at the same time. Can't wait to read "Time Zero"!


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We'll maximise the impact of your PPC campaigns
to reach new customers and grow your business.
To maximise your return on investment, our team will ensure that your AdWords budget is optimised, helping your customers find your products and services. We constantly evaluate the effectiveness of each campaign, so they drive the right audience to your website, resulting in enquiries and sales.
Benefits of our services
- Increase quality visitors to your website
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- Free up your time by having your account managed professionally
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- Improve ad visibility through ad extensions to show extra information
- Target the right audience with negative keywords
- Improve conversion rates through landing page optimisation, which drives traffic to relevant content
- Phone and email support
- Scheduled monitoring and reporting
- Can be targeted at locations such as Stoke-on-Trent, Manchester, London.
Netinspire offers two PPC services:
Google AdWords Managed Service
- Account set-up (if needed)
- Keyword management – Keyword research and grouping, adding negative keywords through monitoring searched terms
- Advert creation – Content, use of extensions including links and telephone number, split-testing of ads, sending traffic to specific landing pages
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- Performance reporting – Monthly reporting of campaigns, conversion tracking where enabled, advert updates when issues identified
Google AdWords Set-up
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- Ad group creation for 3 groups of products or services
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- Email support
- Phone support in office hours


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Craig/Moffat Economic Development Partnership
50 College Dr.
Craig, CO 81625
(970) 620-4370
Call for an appointment
Public/private partnership organization, focused on strengthening & diversifying the economic base of Moffat County. Help businesses grow & provide services important to the community.
West of Craig in CNCC Bell Tower Building at 50 College Drive, Room 117 and Room 118.


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Sunday, November 28, 2010
A sure sign I am getting old....I cannot figure this stuff out. I dont know if its the idea of having to watch the babies while I attempt to update this thing or the fact that I am slowly become technologically illiterate. I dont suppose anyone would like to tell me why I cant seem to get my pictures to upload to picassa, or why I can only try to upload 5 at a time. Sigh.....Trying to blog but its not really working out.
Posted by SydneyPatton at 6:14 AM
2 comments:
I just saw you updated this and was so excited...until I read what you wrote and realized you didn't really update anything.ReplyDelete
I've only been able to upload 5 pics at a time since I started. I don't go thru Picasa, but upload from my computer, so I can't help you there.
If it's easier, just stick to FB.
I don't use Picasa either (unless for a collage...). Just try to upload right from your memory card to blogger. Hope you guys aren't freezing up there! We will be in Kettering and Cinci for a day over Christmas, but Phil's family is driving so I doubt we'd get to stop by. Miss you guys!ReplyDelete
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I love low-poly designs. They're a brilliant way to capture an idea, with minimal distraction by excessive detail. Why be excessive, when simplicity can be so effective? I had to have a Rosco!
The packaging was simple, but quite lovely! A little paper bag & Rosco cardboard cut-outs! The postcards were nice extras too!
I was persuaded to order when I did, as the black Rosco was running low on stock(now out of stock) & well, I really wanted Rosco in black! However, both Rosco & his bow-tie are available in six different colours! I picked the yellow bow-tie. I'm eager to buy a yellow Rosco with black bow-tie as well. A matching pair would be adorable!
I think Fantastisch have some amazing design ideas & Rosco is proof of that, I'm excited to see what else they bring to the toy world in the future! You can find them & follow their work on facebook & Instagram.


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Running has taken a back seat on the bus of my weekly activities. The eight or nine students that would inconsistently run with me at school has dwindled to zero. Now it is difficult to justify going out for a run by myself while on the job. (I have been eating at lunchtime but maybe I should make some adjustment there.) Tuesday and Wednesday evenings I teach Adult Spanish classes and the other three weekday evenings usually find me running errands, taking care of household chores, engaging in a little human interaction with my people. Elliott of course needs some daddy time and it can't all be in the seat of the running stroller. I have managed to escape a couple of times on the weekends.
Yesterday, I was able to enjoy an Indian summer afternoon - sunny, seventy-five, and calm. I ran open space trails and some pavement for an hour and a half covering nine miles and today I it looks like I should be able to go for a FiveFingers run. That will probably just be three or four miles because my feet and calf muscles are having to get accustomed to being minimally shod all over again.
I am anxious for all the minimalist shoes to hit the market. As I've mentioned in a previous blog, I ended up with Achilles tendonitis just 44 miles and 18 days after being sold on a pair of New Balance boats. It can't be a coincidence. It sounds like finding the right pair is not going to be easy either. Here in Boulder, Colorado, definitely one of the running capitals of the country, the running shoe stores are saying they might carry one or another; clearly I'm going to have to shop different stores to compare them.
Never Summer 100K 2018 - Redemption
5 months ago


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The Palms Hotel
- 168 Cottage Walk
- Ocean Beach, NY 11770
- (631) 583-8870
- Visit Site | E-Mail
- Details
- Amenities
- TripAdvisor
- Map
The Palms is a boutique hotel in Ocean Beach on Fire Island which offers luxurious accommodations in a relaxed and inviting atmosphere. Unlike typical hotels on Fire Island, the Palms distinguishes itself as having the finest amenities with the highest standard of customer service. The Palms prides itself as going a step beyond the expected. Every room is equipped with a flat screen TV, satellite access, Wi-Fi, iPod Docking Stations, a refrigerator, and luxurious Egyptian cotton sheets for your comfort. Please take a chance to view all amenities. Choose from a four bedroom Cottage with a full kitchen (includes living room and two bathrooms), a three bedroom suite, a two bedroom mini suite, a one bedroom suite, a mini suite, or a standard room. Depending upon your specifications, we can accommodate you. We are the only hotel on Ocean Beach to offer central air conditioning. Guests enjoy the use of our bicycles, wagons, beach chairs and umbrellas. Allow our staff to cater to your needs. We will gladly make restaurant reservations, and provide you with a calendar of upcoming events on the island.
- Wheelchair Accessible:
- Restaurant On-Site:
- Total # rooms: 42
Cabin/Cottage & Vacation Rentals
- Vacation Rentals:
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- Hotels & Motels:


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Our new game: Keep It Safe 3DKeep It Safe 2
Keep It Safe is a game, where the players take control of a vehicle, racing through a hilly terrain, so that they can transport various cargo to the final destination (the market), keeping it safe. Their goal is to accumulate as much finances as they can to unlock the next vehicle or level, each different from the other. Race to the finish, but keep the cargo safe at the same time.
The game features:
-Physics based game, making it very fun-Currently 5 different vehicles: bike, pickup, 4x4 pickup, truck and a huge truck to transport the cargo.-A trailer can be attached to all the vehicles, once unlocked-Some upgrades (limited for now, more in future versions)-6 different levels (more to come soon)-There are two pedals, one for gas and one for braking / reverse.-Various cargo, each with different characteristics and physics-Custom drawn game graphics.
*This game is ad supported. Banner ads are located at the bottom of the menus, away from any interactive content.
**** EU Cookie law ****
We use device identifiers to personalise content and ads, to provide social media features and to analyse our traffic. We also share such identifiers and other information from your device with our social media, advertising and analytics partners.


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Saturday, October 11, 2008
Another Angry Day
Yes, today is one of those days. A day when I am in that mindset of just being angry.
A day when I just really can't rein myself or my feelings in. When the ability to try and appeal with the "facts" instead of the "emotions" has disappeared from reach. Left me with the frame of mind of just being mad at everything and anything that has to do with this disgusting industry working to separate mothers and children everywhere.
I hate adoption. I hate it in every form and every way.
I hate the hopeful couples waiting for the next desperate, confused, heartbroken woman who feels she has no choice but to lose her child to them. I hate the adoptive moms who hear the pain-filled voices of the mom's who have lost and shove them aside to nothing so they can continue to believe adoption is a wonderful thing. I hate the church loyals, trying so desperately to convince themselves and the rest of the world of their "Godly" mission to rip a child from his or her mother's arms.
I hate it all today.
And this almost over-powering emotion is like a burning canon ready to explode over everyone and anyone who takes it upon themselves to preach the "greatness" of adoption. To blindly view it as such a great, remarkable act in which a poor, needy child is miracuously rescued by some perfectly wonderful couple so deserving to be parents.
The blinders that are worn tear like fierce claws through my skin. The absolute disregard for the suffering brought on by adoption is a constant fist squeezing around my heart, draining me of any and all ability to approach the topic in a fair and informative way.
I know it's a wrong approach, but on days like today, I don't know how to push myself past these feelings. When again I learn more of the truth my son faced, of the ugliness his childhood was BECAUSE of adoption, I struggle unsuccessfully to find a way to bring my voice to a use of good when I want only to use it for the anger raging inside.
How does anyone make sense or find a way to get past the ugly visions of your son being tasered by a son-of-a-*itch uncle who thought his position as a volunteer police officer gave him the right to abuse whoever in the hell he wanted.
How do you work past knowing he spent his teenage years being told over and over again that he wasn't wanted in the family. That he didn't belong, didn't deserve to be recognized as one of them.
I hate it! I hate every bit of it! And I just want to reach out and make them all pay. Hurt every last one of them in the same way they hurt my son.
I want the world of adoption to end completely so that no other child, no other soul, has to suffer in the way my son did. I couldn't protect him. Couldn't save him from the monsters who were supposed to love and support him in every way.
And I can't change it for him now. Can't do a damn thing to turn back the hands of time and take him away from that hell.
A hell he lived through without ever knowing I was on the other end thinking of him, loving him, never, ever forgetting about him.
And they made sure he didn't know. Made sure any ties to myself or the rest of his family didn't exist. Wasn't there to atleast give him some comfort that we loved him and cherished him and missed him every day of our lives.
I had one last area in his adoption I foolishly trusted. I had believed, up until today, that for the first five years of his life he recieved the Christmas and Birthday gifts we sent, the letters and pictures that kept him a part of our family.
I have spent the past year blaming his adoptive father for no longer passing on his gifts after his fifth birthday, when he and his adoptive mom divorced. Believed, in some naive part of my mind, that his adoptive mom would have of course still passed on these gifts and letters if she had just received them.
But like all else in adoption, lies became the truth of my beliefs.
Never once did the letters and pics I sent ever reach his hands. He had nothing. No words, no images from us to know of our love, of our always existent thoughts of him. And his gifts, the ones I had foolishly believed were held back from him through his adoptive dad - I've learned now he did recieve them but were told they were from his adoptive mom or adoptive aunt and uncle.
These monsters took his gifts from us and used them as their own!
How could they? How could anyone do that to a child?
I just don't understand. I want to reach into him and grab all his pain and take it away. Remove it permanently from his life. But I can't. I can't do anything because adoption still rules our lives. Still shapes us into who we are today.
And it has never been a good thing. Never been that "great miracle" so many want to portray it as.
It's hell.
And it's a hell my son lives with while so many others want to believe his experience is nothing more than a rare, bad occurence that wouldn't happen to them, to their children.
But who knows. Who has a clue which child is next. Who can say one person from the next won't be the adoptive parent to treat their child in the same way my son was treated.
My son couldn't be saved. Many other adoptees before and with him couldn't be saved. When are we finally going to stand up and stop this disgusting practice so the next child around the corner won't face this hell.
When will we finally say one child abused is too many and end the practices that take children away from their mothers and place them in a hell they never asked for?
9 comments:
???? This is soooo not the place to go on about your own problems with another person when you can see by her post she has had a bad day! C'mon!ReplyDelete
Cassi... thinking of you and your son, this post was heartbreaking. What happened to your boy is pure evil dressed up to look innocent; adoption at its most typical. I am also sorry you have to put up with comments like the one above.
Myst xx
YOU GO GIRL! You scream and rail and get as much of that RIGHTEOUS INDIGNATION OUT!!!ReplyDelete
The people who got custody of your son - through a legally allowable and ENCOURAGED process we call adoption - treated him not "as their own" but as a kidnapped prisoner. Kidnappers lie to their victims and tell them their parents don't want them and keep them from seeing their faces on milk carton. That, in essence, is how your son was treated.
I HATE, too, Casi! I hate that adoption is about buying and owning! I hate reading every day the blogs of those who are "struggling" and bitching, moaning and complaining about how long their adoption"journey" is taking -- as if the world OWES them a child!
I hate that President Bush just signed a bill to ENCOURAGE MORE adoptions with more tax benefits and incentives!! With not one red cent to encourage mothers to keep their babies!
I really, really hate those who fight to keep a child knowing the mother is fighting to rescind her surrender! How could anyone do that? What do thy tell their friends and family? And what will they ell the child they fought so tenaciously to tear from a loving. caring mother who wanted her child so badly she went into hock to fight them in court...and still they held on??
How does that fit anyone's definition of adoption as finding homes for "unwanted" children???
Your HATE and ANGER are WARRANTED and don't ever let anyone tell you otherwise!
And the only thing I have ever found that "works" a bit for me- is to focus that anger and righteous indignation and us every waking moment and every breath of my life to fight the monstrous industry that separates mothers and babies for profit and greed, and to see that no other mother and child suffer...
Anyone who works with animals knows not to mess with a mother's babes...because there is no greater wrath!
You and I and all of us deserve very bit of our anger and no on has any right o curtail it or criticize it anymore than thy had a right to take our children from us to begin wit - or to pressure us to "give" them away.
WE are here and we are PISSED! Get used to it and learn to fear us...then maybe you'll all think long and hard before taking someone's kid!!
Mirah Riben
Myst - the comment before yours was deleted. The first time since starting my blog that I have ever used that right and hopefully it will be the last.ReplyDelete
Mirah - I will never understand how our legislators find it okay to put more money into encouraging the separation of mother and children than they do in trying to help keep them together.ReplyDelete
I will never understand how anybody can ever think it's right to offer such a large amount of financial help to someone adopting a child while restricting these same funds from a mother who is struggling to raise her child.
Things must change! We need to stop lining the wallets of those who walk around with the belief they deserve another woman's child and instead offer our help to those who so desperately want to keep their children but feel pressured by finances, lack of support and society views. That is where the REAL need lies.
I think it's sad and upsetting whenever ANY child is abused and hurt. But the fact is, it happens to children whether they are adopted or not. It's a harsh life when there are predators out there after our children. Even if we had raised them ourselves, it could have happened. Please, don't just blame adoption for it.ReplyDelete
Children are not safe these days and I fear for my great-grandchildren. Here in Las Vegas children are snatched off the streets at an alarming rate. We are the melting pot for pedophiles. When school lets out the streets are swarming with mothers picking up their children even if it's only a couple of blocks away. It's frightening. As much as I love my great-grandchildren I'm happy to see that one family has moved away and the last one leaving in the spring. I will miss them but I pray they will be safer. But there is no guarantee for that.
Not only adopted children are at risk and unsafe. Children everywhere are. Blaming any one group is senseless.
Teri - You are 100% right about the fact that the terrible truth of child abuse exists in far too many areas of our life and it is ALWAYS wrong! Every child deserves to be loved and raised in a kind understanding environment.ReplyDelete
And I do understand and am happy for those who have had a good adoption experience. I would never wish this kind of pain and grief on anyone and am thankful for those who do not suffer through it.
But, I also will not let anyone deny that my son's abuse came BECAUSE OF ADOPTION. The industry knew exactly what they were doing when they brought me in, sat me down, and told me what a terrible parent I would be because I was young, unmarried and still dependent on my parents. They knew the tricks and used them for only one reason - so my son could feed the demand of hopeful couples wanting to adopt an infant.
Nowhere in the process was the best interest of my son taken into consideration. His adoptive parents were considered the better parents only because they passed a home study and wrote a big check. After that the industry was done with him and didn't give a damn whether he truly received a kind and loving home or not.
It is wrong to separate a mother and child because of lack of mental or financial support, because of age or marital status. And it is wrong to assume just because someone has a bigger checking account, is married and can provide the material things that they are more fit to be parents.
There was no reason to separate my son and I. NONE! And as long as we continue to follow this process and separate infants from their mothers for unnecessary reasons we will continue to place innocent babies into situations where they must forever live with the consequences.
My son lived through hell because of adoption. For me, for him, and for many other adoptees who were abused, that is a fact that cannot and should not be denied.
This comment has been removed by the author.ReplyDelete
I'm so sorry for what your son went through with his adopters. It should be against the law to take a baby from a young girl just because of her age. It happened to me 53 years ago; I knew nothing of life at 16 and I had a large family who could have helped. But adoption is sold as 'the loving option' and too many people believe it's true. Adoption is NEVER the loving option.ReplyDelete
To the person who thinks that adoption shouldn't be blamed for child abuse, that it happens regardless of that situation.... NO! By stopping adoption of newborn infants from healthy competent mothers, at least that area of child abuse would be stopped. Separating a young girl from her child is child abuse in itself.
My life was changed by adoption. My family was never 'my family' again. They let me down and all these years later, I have been unable to forgive them for what they did to me. I have to stay away from adoption sites because my blood boils just thinking of losing my son for no good reason.... except that I was sixteen!
Sorry it's still happening all these years later.
Cassie, I wrote you an Email-did you get it? The first time I sent it, I got a postmaster delivery error-please let me know-thanksReplyDelete


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DC ISO Problem
Posted 10 December 2003 - 06:17 AM
I downloaded a few ISOs and don't know how to burn them, I unrar them and instead of being a cdi or nrg file it is a weird one my comp doesn't recognize.
Examples of a file:
Mr Driller:kal-mrdr.001
RE: Code Ver: fu_recv1.001
There are many more of these per game and there is one.sfv file per game as well. I have no idea what to do.
Any help would be very appreciated.
Posted 10 December 2003 - 01:45 PM
Obviously someone has packed up all the "pieces" from the archive into one solid RAR, which is silly.
Posted 11 December 2003 - 03:27 AM
Major thanks man.
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Bridge column, January 4: The brave player would do well
This deal is another example. Over North's game-invitational limit raise of three hearts, East might have risked a takeout double. No doubt this would have persuaded West to sacrifice in four spades, based on the double fit in the black suits. Four spades doubled would have cost only 200 points, West losing one spade, one heart and two diamonds.
Admittedly, that would not look so good if West was going to lead a club against four hearts. And to be honest, I think that is the correct start. Against trump contracts, shorter suits generate more tricks on average.
Suppose, though, that West does lead a low spade. What should happen?
First, East, knowing his partner cannot have the spade ace, should put in his 10, to find out who holds the queen. Then, if South wins the trick, he should go down. After trumps are drawn and the losing diamond finesse taken, East leads his spade four. West wins and shifts to the club two -- not the queen in case South has the jack and must guess the suit. The defenders collect one diamond, one spade and two clubs.
However, if South plays his spade nine at trick one, cutting the defenders' communications, he is safe. Later, declarer discards one club loser on dummy's fourth diamond, losing only one trick in each side suit.
Yes, if the vulnerability is unfavorable and you are clearly outgunned, or your hand is full of defensive tricks, be circumspect. But that won't happen often.
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IMRF Agrees Action Plan With 17 SARS At First Asia Pacific Regional Developement Meeting
London, Tuesday, 10th September 2013. The International Maritime Rescue Federation (IMRF) – the international charity representing the world's maritime search and rescue organisations – has held its first Asia Pacific Regional meeting and agreed an action plan with the 17 Search and Rescue (SAR) organizations attending.
Organised by the IMRF's Asia-Pacific Regional Centre (APRC), which was officially launched last September, the event was supported by China Rescue and Salvage (CRS) and, included more than 40 delegates from Korea, Thailand, Singapore, DPR Korea, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar.
The meeting was formally opened by Mr. Zhenliang Wang, Director General of China Rescue and Salvage, who said the past 10 years had seen great advances in CRS's SAR response capability which had coincided with the strengthening relationship with the IMRF.
In response, IMRF Chairman Michael Vlasto spoke of the IMRF being delighted by the numbers of States and organisations represented at the meeting.
"The IMRF Regional Development meetings are organised to facilitate the transfer of knowledge across borders without politics to reduce the loss of life in the world's waters," he explained, "As much as the workshops stimulate discussion much of the real value comes with the face to face communication between people, which will help build a more collaborative and effective Asia Pacific maritime SAR sector."
The combination of large sea areas and extreme weather conditions makes for a challenging SAR environment in the region. The importance of focusing on those at greatest risk was fully recognized by the attendees.
There was open discussion on the challenges faced with an obvious desire to improve communication and collaboration between the SAR organizations. There are many bilateral arrangements in place, but all felt a more multilateral approach would improve response and coordination further.
However, presentations from the Hong Kong SAR agencies did provide an excellent model of interagency cooperation of incredibly high standard.
The major risk groups, it was agreed, sit outside the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) regulated vessels, and include local fishing fleets, small passenger ferries and a growing number of recreational craft.
The meeting included a workshop to start a regional development plan for the IMRF with the aim of assisting SAR organizations throughout the region to improve maritime SAR and reduce the numbers of people losing their lives.
IMRF annual regional meetings are also now held in Europe, Latin America, North West Africa and the Mediterranean and the next Asia Pacific meeting is being planned.


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Saturday, April 18, 2009
NaPoWriMo #17
Last week Mrs. Gavin moved. I felt uprooted by
her leaving. She had been Drakewood's historian,
35801's unofficial senior R.A., our resident gardner
and welcoming committee of one.
Mrs. Gavin said after her surgery she never felt
quite like herself again. It was if she woke up
and suddenly she was old.
She never said how old, but if you listened to her stories
about her life and about the complex, you knew
Mrs. Gavin had lived many seasons.
More than thirty years ago, she had planted a tree
behind our building. The last few years, it looked
ill; it was no longer thriving.
Still, we had the best grounds, thanks to her.
Every year she planted, weeded and cared
for her garden. With the passing seasons,
Mrs. Gavin had grown on me.
Seeing her come and go, working in the yard,
talking with her before church or listening to her
explain at length what needed to be fixed
had become part of what made home home.
Mrs. Gavin had become my surrogate grandmother.
Her inquiries and her kind exchanges enriched
my daily routine. Her leaving was like plucking
a piece from a completed puzzled.
Who will I take cards and cookies
to at Christmas time now?
Who will make sure our garden grows?
Prompt at readwritepoem: Instead of "missing someone/something," maybe you'd like to write about "something missing." My neighbor really did move and I miss her. She's not too far and I plan to visit her. In between visits, I look forward to working on revisions. I'd like to share a finished draft with her. Before leaving, she told me how old she is, but I won't be sharing that here. :-)
Also participating in Poetry Friday. Find more reads here.
5 comments:
Not rough at all. You've really captured something here.
- April 18, 2009 at 7:00 AM
- Mary Lee said...
"Uprooted" is a good image to go with all of the rest of the gardening in your poem. Glad to hear you will keep visiting her. Seems like maybe you are one of her sprouts. She'll enjoy watching you grow, too!
- April 18, 2009 at 8:03 AM
- Lisa Chellman said...
With the passing seasons,
Mrs. Gavin had grown on me.This made me smile. I love the organic figures of speech twining throughout the poem. Mrs. Gavin must have been a very special person.
- April 18, 2009 at 11:35 AM
- susan said...
Mrs. Gavin is something. She would kindly tell tenets not to park in her unmarked parking space. She'd let you know when maintenance was coming to plow the snow, "So please move your car early in the morning."
She put a canister out for cigarette buts. If a light went out, a door got stuck, we didn't wait long because she was sure to contact maintenance and she'd remind them until the work was done.
- April 18, 2009 at 11:42 AM
- susan said...
Mary and Lisa, thank you for the feedback. I'll keep them in mind while revising. There was so many places my mind was going. Appreciate you helping me ground this.
Thanks, Carol.
- April 18, 2009 at 11:44 AM


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After a trip to Hobby Lobby for jars (five, one for each kid and two for me) and an hour digging bits of moss in the yard, we finished terrariums. I didn't have sphagum moss or charcoal on hand, so I'm hopeful that they'll survive even without it.
We put an inch or two or polished small river rocks in the bottom of each jar, then topped the rocks with another inch or two of potting soil. Moss collected from our yard and small oddities finished the terrariums.
Owen added tiny sparkly dinosaur Christmas ornaments to his, the girls have little birds in theirs.