text:
Here's my list:
1) Inline and multiline comments (why not just copy C's /* */?)
2) Option Overflow On/Off
3) Option Warning 30XXX On/Off/Error
3) The ability to apply Options to methods and/or blocks of code. Something like this maybe:
Block Option Strict Off, Option Overflow On
'Some code here
End Block
I don't particularily like this syntax though, it's somewhat verbose.
Another idea might be to add it to the attribute syntax:
<Option Strict Off> _
Sub A
<Option Overflow On> _
Using x
End Using
End Sub>
4) Select on types, like this:
Select TypeOf obj
Case Integer
Case Double
End Select
6) Select on reference equality
Select var Is
Case objA
Case objB
End Select
The proposed syntax here doesn't work:
Select obj
Case Is varA
Case Is varB
End Select
since this is already correct VB code. You can actually write this:
Select number
Case Is 1
Case Is 2
End Select
where the 'Is' works like a '='. The IDE will remove the 'Is', but it's still allowed. This is bad design IMHO, VB should never have allowed this since it's mixing the meaning of 'Is' and '='.
7) Binary numbers
Dim i As Integer = &B0110110
8) Static method / operator constraints on generic type parameters
Class Point (Of T {+, -})
End Class
Yeah, I know, this is a IL restriction, not a VB restriction, but still...
9) Option Warning 4XXXX On/Off/Error
10) The possibility to specify that sections of code should not be pretty formatted.
#Format None
Dim var As String ()() = new String () { _
{"a", "bbbbbb"}, _
{"cccccccc", "ddd"}}
#End Format
Once in a while it is nice to be able to format the code just as you want yourself, especially when you can detect bugs due to things not being symmetric or lined up.
11) Do NOT allow the user to change pretty formatting (other than disabling it). It's worth it if it avoids the mess in the C world of what's correct formatting or not (how many spaces are there in a tab? 4, 8, 2, 128? where do we put the semi-colon? where do we put spaces?). And mixed formatting in source code is just plain ugly.


text:
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Volume 2012, Article ID 635702, 10 pages
Tumor Microenvironment Varies under Different TCM ZHENG Models and Correlates with Treatment Response to Herbal Medicine
1Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
2Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
Received 11 January 2012; Accepted 1 April 2012
Academic Editor: Shi-Bing Su
Copyright © 2012 Zhen Chen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), diagnosis of pathology and choice of treatment prescriptions are based on a method of differentiation of signs and symptoms known as syndrome differentiation or ZHENG. The cornerstone of TCM, ZHENG, relies on the gathering of clinical information through inspection, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry, and palpation. However, the biomolecular basis of the ZHENG remains unclear. In this study, we established mouse xenograft pancreatic cancer models with Shi-Re (Dampness-Heat), Pi-Xu (Spleen-Deficiency), or Xue-Yu (Blood-Stasis) ZHENG, which are regarded as the three major ZHENGs in pancreatic cancer. We found that tumors of the different ZHENG models exhibited significantly altered cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) proliferative activity and tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration, which led to altered levels of CAF- and TAM-derived secreted cytokines such as SDF-1 and CCL5. The ZHENG model type also significantly influenced tumor growth, and administration of herbal medicine to the ZHENG model modified the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, this study partially unveiled the molecular basis of TCM ZHENG in pancreatic cancer.
1. Introduction
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a history of over 3000 years. A holistic form of medicine, TCM, emphasizes bringing the patient's body, mind, and spirit into harmony. The theory and application of TCM are one of constant summarizing, inducing, and refining of the experiences accumulated in preventing and treating diseases in daily life and medical practice.
TCM rests squarely on ZHENG (syndrome) differentiation, a process of analyzing data collected through four combined diagnostic methods: inspection, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry, and palpation. All diagnostic and therapeutic methods in TCM are based on the differentiation of ZHENG. In modern times, TCM has become popular worldwide because of its reliable therapeutic efficacy [1]. However, diagnosis in TCM depends on the intuition and experience of the physician grounded in TCM theory, and this method seems to lack objectivity, accuracy, and reproducibility in the face of biomolecular science and Western-based medicine. Furthermore, the concept of ZHENG is often misinterpreted and unclear. For all these reasons, researchers from China and elsewhere have begun to investigate the ZHENG of TCM for a molecular foundation.
Tumors are now recognized as structures of multiple cell types, comparable to organs in complexity, which during tumorigenesis recruit the involvement of surrounding normal cells to construct and interact within a tumor microenvironment [2]. Continuous paracrine signaling with feedback within this microenvironment eventually leads to the end stages of cancer progression [3]. As cancer is no longer considered a discrete entity defined only by the traits of cancer cells within the tumor but may eventually involve the entire organism, TCM offers a holistic approach whose goal is regulating the integrity of all body functions as well as the interaction between the human and surrounding environment.
We have previously shown that the presence of ZHENG may influence tumor growth in pancreatic cancer. We also found that this effect might correlate with the CC chemokine (β-chemokine) family [4]. This finding suggests an involvement between ZHENG and the tumor microenvironment and deserves further research. Accordingly, in the present study we evaluated the tumor microenvironment under different ZHENG conditions, specifically noting changes in the proliferative activity of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). We confirm here that characteristics of the tumor environment correlated with the ZHENG of TCM, and herbal treatments modified the tumor microenvironment.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cell Lines and Mice
Samples of the pancreatic cancer cell line Panc02 were obtained from the Cancer Research and Development Center and grown in complete growth medium as recommended by the manufacturer. The cultured cells were maintained in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere at 37°C. All cells were regularly authenticated by observing cell morphology and tested for the absence of mycoplasma contamination using a MycoAlert Mycoplasma Detection kit (MycoAlert, Lonza, Rockland, ME, USA).
Male C57 mice, 4- to 6-week old, were obtained from the Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China) and housed in laminar flow cabinets under specific pathogen-free conditions with food and water supplied ad libitum. All experiments on mice were conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. The Committee for the Use of Live Animals in Teaching and Research, Fudan University, Shanghai approved the study protocol.
2.2. Drugs and Reagents
Individual packets of herb powders for each herb were produced by Jiangyin Tianjiang Pharmaceutical. The final decoction of each prescription was prepared at the Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, by dissolving the herb powder into distilled water to the required concentration. The daily dosage of herb decoctions for the mice was calculated according to the following human-mouse transfer formula: , where , , and represent dosage, shape coefficient, and body weight, respectively, and and represent human mouse, respectively.
Honey supplied by Guan Sheng Yuan International Trade (Shanghai) was adjusted to a concentration of 20% in water. Wine (er guo tou) obtained from Hongxing (Beijing) was diluted to 55% in water. Pork fat was donated by Gu Jianzhong, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai). The following antibodies were used: anti-vimentin, anti-α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), anti-C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), and anti-C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5; all from Epitomics), and anticluster of differentiation 68 (CD68; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA).
2.3. Establishment of TCM ZHENG Model
We developed three types of TCM ZHENG models in respective mouse groups, namely, Shi-Re (Dampness-Heat), Pi-Xu (Spleen-Deficiency), and Xue-Yu (Blood-Stasis). The Shi-Re and Pi-Xu ZHENG models were established as we described previously [4]. Briefly, the Shi-Re condition was established by the wine and the pork fat combination (day 1 to day 7, 0.2 mL), and the food and honey-water were provided. Pi-Xu was developed by feeding the mice with a decoction of mirabilite and Chinese rhubarb, 0.2 mL for each mouse (day 1 to day 7). The Xue-Yu ZHENG was established by subcutaneous injection of 0.01% adrenaline (0.13 mg/kg) for each mouse (day 1 to day 7), as we described previously [5].
2.4. Subcutaneous Xenograft Tumor Model
Panc02 cells (2 × 106 cells in 200 μL) were injected subcutaneously into the right axilla of each C57 mouse. The length and width of tumors (in millimeters) were measured weekly with calipers. Tumor volume was calculated by the formula , where and were the long and short dimensions, respectively. Mice were euthanized under anesthesia when tumors reached 1.5 cm in diameter. The tumors were then resected and weighed. Each group had ≥10 mice.
2.5. Immunohistochemical Analysis
Specimens of tumor tissue were fixed in 10% formalin and embedded in paraffin wax. Unstained 3 μm sections were then cut from paraffin blocks for immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. The sections were stained with rabbit anti-vimentin (1 : 100), rabbit anti-α-SMA (1 : 100), rabbit anti-CD68 (1 : 200), rabbit anti-CXCR4 (1 : 200), and rabbit anti-CCR5 at 4°C overnight. The secondary antibody and avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method was used according to the standard protocols provided by the manufacturer (Vector Laboratories, CA, USA). An immunoglobulin-negative control was used to rule out nonspecific binding. Two independent assessors and one pathologist performed all procedures, all of whom were blinded to the model/treatment type for this series of specimens.
To quantitatively evaluate the CAF proliferative activity and TAM infiltration in each group, we calculated the ratio of the area positive for vimentin or CD68 staining to the total area in histological sections from ten fields under light microscopy (200x). The procedure for evaluation of CXCR4 and CCR5 expression followed that of our previous report [4].
2.6. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent (ELISA) Assay for Cytokine Release
The concentrations of SDF-1 and CCL5 in the tumor samples were determined using a sandwich ELISA kit (DuoSet; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) according to the protocol of the manufacturer. Briefly, frozen tumor tissue was homogenized in lysis buffer and thereafter centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 15 minutes at 4°C; 50 μL of the supernatant was used for ELISA. Concentrations of immunoreactive SDF-1 and CCL5 were expressed as pg/mL.
2.7. Statistical Analyses
The data are expressed as the mean ± standard error (SE) of three or more independent experiments performed in triplicate. The statistical analyses were performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) models and Student's t-tests. A value <0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.
3. Results
3.1. ZHENG Distribution in Pancreatic Cancer Patients
We firstly investigated the distribution of ZHENG conditions in populations of pancreatic cancer patients based on reports published from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2008. Sixty-nine studies were identified by electronic and hand searches, among which 34 clinical articles were included for our study. Data on ZHENG distribution were extracted and analyzed. Twenty-seven ZHENGs were identified. The three ZHENGs in pancreatic cancer that were most reported were Dampness-Heat (in Chinese, Shi-Re; 33.9% of studies), Spleen-Deficiency (Pi-Xu; 29.10%), and Blood-Stasis (Xue-Yu; 19.8%; Figure 1).
3.2. Alteration of Tumor Microenvironment under Different ZHENG Conditions
The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in the development and progression of cancer [6, 7]. Pancreatic carcinomas are surrounded by desmoplastic stroma consisting of fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells, and pericytes [8]. We hypothesized that the tumor microenvironment would be altered under different ZHENG conditions. To verify this hypothesis, we first established 3 subcutaneous tumor models of pancreatic cancer in mice that exemplified the ZHENG conditions Shi-Re, Pi-Xu, and Xue-Yu, respectively. We sought to investigate the differences in the tumor microenvironment among these ZHENG models.
As it is recognized that in many tumors the stroma is characterized by an increase in fibroblast proliferation, we immunostained CAFs using the fibroblastic marker vimentin combined with the defined myofibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) to investigate the proliferative activity of CAF [9]. We found that the number of both vimentin- and α-SMA-positive cells was decreased in tumors from the Shi-Re and Pi-Xu ZHENG models of pancreatic cancer compared with the control tumor, while tumors from the Xue-Yu model exhibited no changes in CAF activity (Figures 2(a) and 2(b)). This observation suggested that CAF proliferative activity in tumors was altered differently on the basis of ZHENG conditions.
It is accepted that, in general, cancer- and host-cell-derived signals program TAMs to acquire an M2-like polarized and otherwise tumor-supportive phenotype [10]. In many cases increased numbers of TAMs are associated with a poorer prognosis [11, 12]. Therefore, we evaluated tumors in the different ZHENG models for TAM infiltration by staining for CD68 (also known as macrosialin in mice), a glycoprotein expressed on macrophages. We found that, compared with the control group, the number of macrophages was dramatically less in the Shi-Re group, followed by lesser degrees of decrease in the Pi-Xu groups (Figures 2(a) and 2(b)). This observation suggests relatedness between the inflammation characteristics of tumor microenvironments and the specific ZHENG conditions tested. Altogether, our study demonstrated a correlation between ZHENG conditions and the microenvironment of tumors in pancreatic cancer.
3.3. Correlation between Tumor Microenvironment and Growth under Different ZHENG Conditions
CAFs stimulate tumor cell proliferation and invasion through various growth factors, hormones, and cytokines [13]. SDF-1 is a CAF-derived chemokine that has been shown to directly boost the proliferation and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells [14]. Thus, we evaluated the levels of secreted SDF-1 in tumors under different ZHENG conditions, and the expression of CXCR4, the SDF-1 cognate receptor, in tumor cells. The results of ELISA assays showed decreased levels of SDF-1 released in tumors in the Shi-Re and Pi-Xu groups compared to the control mice. This was not observed in the Xue-Yu tumors (Figure 3(a)). This result was consistent with the observation that the Shi-Re and Pi-Xu tumors exhibited decreased CAF proliferative activity. However, there was no difference in CXCR4 expression among the ZHENG models and control tumor cells (Figures 3(b) and 3(c)).
Similarly, we wanted to verify whether the decreased TAM infiltration we observed above led to a reduction in the levels of the TAM-derived cytokine CCL5. We found that secreted CCL5 decreased dramatically in tumors under Shi-Re and Pi-Xu ZHENGs. This was also observed in the Xue-Yu tumors, although the difference was not significant () (Figure 3(a)). We also found that tumor cells from the Shi-Re, Pi-Xu, and Xue-Yu models exhibited decreased CCR5 expression, especially for Shi-Re (Figures 3(b) and 3(c)).
After we confirmed that CAF-related SDF-1/CXCR4 and TAM-related CCL5/CCR5 expressions were changed under different ZHENG conditions, we next investigated an association between the altered tumor microenvironments and tumor growth. We found that altered tumor microenvironments were correlated with in vivo changes in tumor growth (Figure 3(d)). Taken together, these results suggest that tumors under different ZHENG conditions exhibited different tumor microenvironments, which may finally effect tumor growth.
3.4. Tumor Response under Different ZHENG Conditions to Herbal Medicine Treatments
TCM usually means a comprehensive assessment of pathogenesis, location, and disease pathology, and the diagnosed ZHENG helps guide the application of Chinese herbal remedies. So, we used Huang lian jie du decoction (a traditional prescription used of treating Shi-Re ZHENG), Si jun zi decoction (a traditional prescription used of treating Pi-Xu ZHENG), and Tao hong si wu decoction (a traditional prescription used of treating Xue-Yu ZHENG) for Shi-Re, Pi-Xu, and Xue-Yu tumors, respectively. The herbal prescriptions used are shown in Table 1. We found that the herbal medicines had no or little effect on CAF proliferation or TAM infiltration (Figure 4(a)). We also evaluated the effects of the herbal medicines on SDF-1 secretion and CCL5 levels and found that the levels of which did not change after herbal medicine treatment (Figure 4(b)). Similarly, none of the herbal medicines had significant effects on CXCR4 or CCR5 expression in tumor cells (Figure 4(c)). These observations indicated that the herbal medicines had little effect on either the tumor or microenvironment. Finally we evaluated the effects of the herbal medicines on tumor growth and could not find any difference when the tumors were treated with different types of herbal medicine (Figure 4(d)). Therefore, our results suggest that a prescription based solely on ZHENG does not always result in a satisfactory response.
3.5. Herbal-Medicine-Induced Alteration of Tumor Microenvironment Is Correlated with Treatment Response
Although tumors under different ZHENG conditions demonstrated differences in tumor microenvironment which may finally be reflected in tumor growth, the ZHENG conditions themselves seemed not to promote tumor growth. Thus, herbal medicines prescribed on the basis of the ZHENG condition alone did not affect tumor growth. To further understand the relatedness of tumor microenvironment, ZHENG, and the response to herbal treatment, we employed the Qingyihuaji formula (QYHJ), a prescription based on TCM theory whereby pancreatic cancer is considered to be of Shi-Re origin. QYHJ has been used to treat pancreatic cancer for many years [15, 16]. We first established mouse tumor models with the accompanying ZHENG conditions Shi-Re, Pi-Xu, and Xue-Yu. The mice were then treated with QYHJ and the tumor microenvironment and tumor growth were evaluated. We found that tumors of the different ZHENG condition models exhibited altered tumor microenvironments (Figures 5(b) and 5(c)), which is consistent with our previous observations (Figure 2). The QYHJ treatments altered the tumor microenvironments in the Shi-Re, Pi-Xu, Xue-Yu models dramatically, as demonstrated by decreased CAF proliferation and TAM infiltration (Figures 5(b) and 5(c)). Then when we correlated tumor microenvironment alteration with tumor growth, we surprisingly found that QYHJ treatment led to growth inhibition of tumors under different ZHENG conditions, although the inhibition rate varied among the different ZHENG (Figure 5(a)). This suggests that disease identification is sometime a requisite for the treatment of cancer with TCM. Taken together, these results indicate that a combination of disease diagnosis and ZHENG identification is essential for clinical TCM practice in cancer treatment. They also showed a relatedness between the tumor environment and ZHENG, and treatment response to herbal medicine involved the modification of the tumor microenvironment.
4. Discussion
In this study, we established three different ZHENG mouse models according to TCM theory. We identified alterations in the tumor microenvironment under different ZHENG conditions. These tumor microenvironment modifications mediated a correlation between the ZHENG condition and response to herbal treatment. Therefore our study revealed a molecular basis for ZHENG in pancreatic cancer.
In TCM clinical practice, ZHENG helps guide the remedy prescription and therefore has an important position in the TCM system, that is, ZHENG is the key to recognizing diseases and the foundation to treat them. However, because of the complexity of the concepts (e.g., a single ZHENG involves multiple anatomical systems) and lack of nonprofessional descriptions, research of ZHENG is difficult to advance. The molecular basis underlying ZHENG in TCM remains unclear.
It has been confirmed that tumor cells do not act in isolation, but rather subsist in a rich microenvironment provided by resident fibroblasts, inflammatory cells, endothelial cells, pericytes, leukocytes, and extracellular matrix [17]. It is increasingly appreciated that, as the cancer progresses, the surrounding microenvironment is activated in support, coevolving through continuous paracrine communication and supporting carcinogenesis [3]. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is characterized by an extensive stromal response called desmoplasia. Within the tumor stroma, CAFs are the primary cell type; the importance of the role of CAFs in tumor progression is now well accepted. CAFs produce large amounts of secreted factors, including CXC, CC chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators that promote the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells [18]. It is also accepted that large numbers of tumor-associated leukocytes infiltrate solid tumors, and TAMs represent a major and important component of these leucocytes, which are driven toward functions that support cancer progression and poorer prognosis [12]. Therefore the stromal elements of tumors hold prognostic, as well as response-predictive, information. Abundant targeting opportunities within the tumor microenvironment are continually identified [3].
As TCM sustains systematic theories and is a holistic approach to health, and our previous study has indicated a correlation between ZHENG and levels of cytokines related to CAF and TAM [4], we hypothesized a correlation between the tumor microenvironment and the ZHENG syndromes of TCM. Thus we evaluated the tumor microenvironment by immunostaining for CAF and TAM and surprisingly found differences in microenvironment alterations under different ZHENG conditions. Furthermore, the alterations in CAF proliferative activity and TAM infiltration led to changed levels of CAF- and TAM-derived secreted cytokines which finally affected tumor growth.
Based on TCM theory and clinical experience, patients with pancreatic cancer usually exhibit Shi-Re, Pi-Xu, or Xue-Yu, and respective herbal decoctions for removing heat and dampness (Huang lian jie du), reinforcing Qi and strengthening the spleen (Si jun zi), and promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis (Tao hong si wu) are always prescribed. However the efficacy of these remedies is not always satisfactory. In the current study, the application of decoctions of these herbal medicines had little effect on tumor growth or the tumor microenvironment. This observation seems to contradict the TCM theories of treating the same disease with different methods and treating different diseases with the same methods. There are many reasons that may account for the lack of response to the TCM treatments in the present study. One is that each prescription has its priority and focus, although they are within the same category for the same ZHENG. Another reason is that apart from the traditional relationship between disease and ZHENG, there may also exist analogous ZHENG in the same disease, which means that different patients who suffer from the same disease manifest the common basic ZHENG in spite of slight differences in their accompanying symptoms. Therefore, we can use a basic prescription with slight modifications to treat accompanying symptoms. In fact recent research emphasized the principle of analogous ZHENG existing in the same disease in TCM clinical practice [19], especially in cancer treatment. These two reasons may partially explain why the prescriptions based on ZHENG used in the present study had little effect on tumor growth.
The integration of disease diagnosis and identification of ZHENG have been widely used in cancer treatment [20]. Based on our previous studies, pancreatic cancer is characterized by dampness, heat, and toxicity and should be treated by removing heat and dampness, detoxification and resolving a mass [21]. According to this recognition, we recommend the QYHJ formula in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. The results of our clinical studies suggest that treatment with QYHJ resulted in prolonged survival time for patients with pancreatic cancer [15, 21]. Animal studies showed that QYHJ could inhibit the growth of subcutaneously transplanted pancreatic tumors in nude mice [16]. Just as we can see from this study, QYHJ had an effect on tumor growth and the tumor microenvironment, although the effect varied depending on the ZHENG type. Therefore, our study suggests an intrinsic disease-specific ZHENG, which should be considered during TCM practice. The study also indicated that the tumor microenvironment influences the tumor response to herbal medicine treatment.
In conclusion, our study showed alterations in the tumor microenvironment under different ZHENG conditions. We also confirmed a relatedness between the tumor environment and ZHENG, and herbal medicine treatments modified the tumor microenvironment. This study partially unveiled the molecular basis of TCM ZHENG in pancreatic cancer.
This study was supported by National Science Foundation of China (81001061); Shanghai Nature Science Fund, Shanghai, China (09ZR1406800); Doctoral Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (20090071120076); Shanghai Science and Technology Committee Rising-Star Program (11QA1401300); Medical Talents Training Program of Health Bureau of Shanghai (XYQ2011008); Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau Grant (KY148).
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3,700 new jobs created by LEO-supported companies in 2017...
3,700 new jobs created in 2017 by Local Enterprise Office-supported companies with 15,000 jobs now created since 2014Preliminary jobs figures for 2017 welcomed by Minister Humphreys and Minister Breen at the Annual Local Enterprise Office and Local Authority Forum in Athlone today...
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|By Michael Sheehan
Article Rating:
|January 5, 2010 03:46 PM EST
Today GoGrid officially launched a new micro-site called the GoGrid Exchange where users can view information about various Partner GSIs (GoGrid Server Images) available in the GoGrid cloud. Partner GSIs were developed to provide our partners with a means to share with or sell their custom MyGSIs (GoGrid Server Images) to interested users. These Partner GSIs come complete with pre-installed and pre-configured software or application stacks, specialized in a variety of expertise including:
- Internet Security
- Backup
- Monitoring
- Web Applications
- Compliance
- Application Scaling
- and MORE!
As more partners come on board at GoGrid, more specialized images will be added to the Partner GSI repository. Many are live now!
The GoGrid Exchange
The GoGrid Exchange was created to provide a community center where users could read about and rate the various Partner GSIs available on GoGrid. By using a PartnerGSI, you can dramatically reduce your time to market launching new software or service offerings or ensuring that your offering is robust and resilient.
The GoGrid Exchange is broken out into several sections:
- Exchange Home – the entry point of the Exchange which contains Featured Images as well as a Category drill-down
- Partner Server Images – a multi-page listing of current Partner GSIs available on GoGrid
- Exchange Partners – a listing of the current partners who have Partner GSIs available. You can drill down to more details on the company as well as view the images they have available.
- About the GoGrid Exchange – more information about the Exchange as well as how to join it
- Become a Partner – if you are interested becoming a partner, fill out the form on this page
The Exchange lists out various Featured Images which include a brief description of the software, application or service provided within the specific image. Images are also listed by Category:
These categories will grow over time to include many more Application or Service types.
You can get more information about any particular Partner by visiting the Exchange Partners section or Partner GSI by clicking on the More Info link within each Partner GSI blurb. For example, shown below is the BitNami Partner information page:
And drilling down a bit further, you can see the BitNami WordPress GSI (which I have actually used):
The Partner GSI give a Description of the Application or Service, Technical Notes, any Monthly Cost associated with using the image, More Information links and an Average Rating. Ratings are created by the end-users of the images. For example, I logged the following rating of the BitNami WordPress Stack:
To enter a review, simply fill out a short form and click on the stars to provide a rating:
We will continue to add content to this micro-site as partners or new images arrive. If you are interested in becoming a GoGrid partner, please visit the About the GoGrid Exchange page and fill out the form on the Become a Partner page. Please take some time to review it, and if you have used a particular image, be sure to write a review. If there is any additional content that you would like to see with the GoGrid Exchange, please leave a comment on this post. We hope you find it useful and informative!
Read the original blog entry...
- Cloud Computing vs Grid Computing
- Understanding "Clouded" Terms of Cloud Computing
- Cloud Computing Expo: Introducing the Cloud Pyramid
- How To Survive the Global Recession Through Cloud Computing
- Five Cloud Computing Predictions for 2010
- Cloud Computing on Windows Azure
- GoGrid Customers Can Now Use New Relic's RPM for Java/Ruby Web Apps
- GoGrid Exchange: BitNami Open Source Web Applications Images Available
- Amazon Outage Thriller
- GoGrid Cloud Computing Achievements of 2009


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Commercial Snow Plowing
Call us today for a free estimate
As anyone who has lived in Minnesota knows, a typical winter can be pretty harsh. Cold temperatures, below zero wind chill and of course inches (sometimes even feet) of snow. That is why we also offer expert snow plowing and snow removal services for whenever mother nature hits.
Our snow plowing services are a top priority to ensure safety and the ability for your business to open its doors in the morning. We provide full snow removal services including snow plowing, shoveling, de-icing of sidewalks and parking lots (with salt & sanding), and removal of the snow on site if needed.
Commercial references are always available upon request. We only take on commercial accounts, and we invest extensive time into all of our accounts to ensure the best service possible. We are fully insured, and certificates are always supplied upon contract acceptance. Call Steinbrecher Companies, Inc. today at 763-274-0925 to hear more about our services.
Zimmerman, MN 55398
Office Hours:
Monday thru Friday 7am – 5pm
(We check messages often after hours)
763-274-0928 (fax)


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What is your name and age?
My name is Michaela and I'm 39 years old.
What is EDS?
EDS is Ehlers Danlos Syndrome.
It is a genetic condition that effects our make up of collagen in the skin, there fore leaving us prone to easy bruising, dislocations/sublaxations and many many more side effects, it affects anything in the body made of flesh, right down to our bone marrow, which leaves us open to rupturing heart valves, heamorage and countless other internal and external injuries.
When were you diagnosed?
I was originally diagnosed with fibromyalgia back in 1999.
I had a history as being "accident prone" as a child but no doctor ever looked into it.
It was only when my son was diagnosed in 2000 with eds that I started to push the doctors to look at me more seriously. Despite the fact I argued the point that my son could only have gotten this gene off me the doctors wouldn't listen.
It took me another 14 years before I finally got the correct diagnosis, that was 14 years of being shrugged off with painkillers and physiotherapy which only made my condition worse.
Despite suffering constant hip dislocations and giving birth to 7 children in total with the same condition it still took them some convincing.
What treatment have you received?
There is no treatment for EDS.
Except pain management!
I'm currently on a daily dose of 52 tablets per day, that is to help with the pain and the rest of the conditions the EDS causes, such as IBS , migraines, and it also impedes my vitD absorbtion.
Is there a cure?
There is no cure, this is now my life. Dislocated joints that can't be surgically repaired, (stitches rip our skin), pain I have no real control over.
Is it hereditary?
It is hereditary, it means my children have it too, and its possible there children will also get it.
What additional information can you please share?
So little is known about the condition.
The support network is extremely low.
A lot of doctors still don't know what it is. We find support through place like www.ednf.org and facebook groups.
The EDS Foundation:
EDS Support UK:
EDS Support Facebook:


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Ogden in Weber County, Utah — The American Mountains (Southwest)
The Solomon C. Stephens Building
260 - 25th Street
The earliest recorded businesses to occupy the structure were "The Switch", a sample room which served wines and liquors, and the "European Lodging House", a small hostelry. City directories indicate that several saloons occupied the building during the early 1900s, one of the longest tenants being a saloon owned and operated by the Frazzini Brothers. During the era of prohibition, a soft drinks and billiards business operated in the building. During the mid-1940s, Kinomotos established the American Eagle Cafe in the building which operated on 25th Street for several decades. The building was renovated in 1993 to accommodate "Panhandlers".
The brick structure is a two story, two part commercial block with some limited Italianate detailing. The second story included three symmetrically placed, two-over-two double hung windows, each corbeled arch window opening is topped
Erected by Ogden City Landmarks Commission.
Location. 41° 13.25′ N, 111° 58.456′ W. Marker is in Ogden, Utah, in Weber County. Marker is on 25th Street (East 2500 South) near Grant Avenue, on the left when traveling east. Touch for map. Marker is at or near this postal address: 260 25th Street, Ogden UT 84401, United States of America.
Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within walking distance of this marker. Union Restaurant and Switch European Lodgings (a few steps from this marker); London Ice Cream Parlor (a few steps from this marker); The Livingston Confectionary (a few steps from this marker); The Palace Billiard Hall (a few steps from this marker); Davenport Saloon (within shouting distance of this marker); Kansas City Liquor House (within shouting distance of this marker); Gasberg Building (within shouting distance of this marker); ZCMI Co-op Building (within shouting distance of this marker). Touch for a list and map of all markers in Ogden.
Categories. • Industry & Commerce •
Credits. This page was last revised on June 16, 2016. This page originally submitted on February 24, 2015, by Barry Swackhamer of San Jose, California. This page has been viewed 267 times since then and 3 times this year. Photos: 1, 2, 3. submitted on February 24, 2015, by Barry Swackhamer of San Jose, California. • Andrew Ruppenstein was the editor who published this page.


text: Wiggydotcom here...just got a new Samsung Galaxy SIII after having an EVO 4G for 2 yrs. Love the S3 but there will be a learning curve. I'm not sure if the many differences in "finding" stuff is a difference between brands(HTC vs Samsung) or software versions, Gingerbread vs Ice Cream Sandwich, but with experience and this forum's help, we'll Get-er Done! Looking forward to posting and helping others on here as time goes by, but early on, I'll be doing a lot of reading up on the S3 and asking a few questions. Appreciate any help that comes my way---in advance, Wiggy


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Ideally situated in the heart of the Grand Strand on magnificent Myrtle Beach, Hilton Grand Vacations Club at Anderson Ocean Club offers a spectacular vacation setting. Located within the existing Anderson Ocean Club and Spa, this upscale resort features elegantly appointed ocean view and oceanfront suites, each with a furnished patio and extensive comforts of home. Championship golf courses and a variety of dining, shopping and entertainment venues are within easy access of the resort's central location.
Spacious studios, 1-, 2-, and 3-bedroom suites, Fully-equipped kitchens, TV, DVD in units, Internet access.
Resort Features
- 2 outdoor pools and hot tub, covered heated pool, and children's pool
- Seasonal pool bar
- Awakening Spa
- Fitness center
- Coffee Bar
Additional Info
Check In: 4 p.m.
Check Out: 11 a.m.
Phone: 843-213-5340


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On nous annonce le décès de Maurizio Tosi, historien du passé très ancien des mondes de l'océan Indien.
Cette notice, transmise par la liste de diffusion Agade, résume l'orientation de sa carrière et de ses recherches:
"Full Professor since 1981, Maurizio Tosi has occupied the chair of Prehistory and Protohistory of Asia at the Istituto Universitario Orientale of Naples till 1994 when he has been called to the chair of palaethnology at University of Bologna, Faculty of Conservation of Cultural Goods. His main field of study has been the formative processes of complex societies mainly across the Middle East and Central Asia together with the development of the methods for the definition of this process from the archaeological record. Beginning from 1967 he has directed field projects for the Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente (IsIAO) in collaboration with different European and American agencies in Iran, Oman, Yemen, Pakistan, Turkmenistan and the Asian parts of the Russian Federation. From 1985 to the present, he is co-director of an International research program aimed to study the beginnings of navigation and long-distance trade in the Indian Ocean. Chiefly a student of palaeoeconomics and social structure of early societies, M.T. has directed since 1985 most of his efforts to the study of the relations between population resources in the systematic reconstruction of past landscapes."


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Most smartphone and tablet travel apps available on the market are designed to completely immerse you into the local culture, but a new travel app conceived by developer Kate Ray takes a different and more honest approach.
This particular smartphone app takes advantage of New Yorkers' famed tendency to explain other cities and neighborhoods through a New York lens -- for example, a New Yorker traveling through Berlin might compare Mitte to SoHo or Kreuzberg to WIlliamsburg. That being the case, this travel app can help you locate the Williamsburg equivalent in whatever city you're in, or on the other hand could even help you locate neighborhoods that you'd be better off avoiding.
Ultimately, this app is a way for admittedly self-centered New Yorkers to better understand other cities that they might find themselves in.
Comparative Urban Travel Apps
More Stats +/-
Virtual Time-Travel Apps
Urban Exploration Apps
Chat-Based Travel Apps
Budget-Specific Travel Apps
Matchmaking Travel Apps
The 'Where Is Williamsburg' App is Designed For New Yorkers
- By: Rahul KalvapalleApr 6, 2016
References: itunes.apple & gizmodo
References: itunes.apple & gizmodo


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The Teacher Education Program at Wofford College has three interrelated components. First, there are the studies required of all students to ensure a broad exposure to our intellectual heritage. For this purpose, students are required to take courses in English, fine arts, foreign language, humanities, science, history, philosophy, diverse cultures, religion, mathematics, and physical education. These are commonly referred to as the "general education" component of the Teacher Education Program. The requirements in general education for the graduation established by Wofford and the requirements in general education mandated for certification to teach are similar. Students should consult the Chair of the Department of Education and become familiar with the specific general education requirements listed in the Catalogue for graduation and in the Teacher Education Handbook for certification. Students should also familiarize themselves with the department's Conceptual Framework.
The second component of the Teacher Education Program is concentrated study in one or more academic fields. The college requires each student to complete a major in one of several fields. In order to obtain solid grounding in their subject of teaching specialization, students in Teacher Education complete a major in the field they will teach. To graduate, students in Teacher Education must complete the Wofford College requirements for a major; to become licensed to teach, they must complete the South Carolina Department of Education approved program requirements provided at Wofford in the teaching specialization. The latter are referred to as "teaching major" requirements. Students should become familiar with both the college's requirements and the state's approved program requirements offered in the teaching major at Wofford College. A statement of the Wofford requirements for a major can be found in the Catalogue. The state-approved program requirements are listed in the Teacher Education Handbook.
The third part of the Teacher Education Program is made up of courses in education and of applied or practical experiences in the public schools. This is referred to as the "professional education" component of the program. These offerings include depth of study for those who wish to become professional teachers, but several may be taken by any student seeking a broader understanding of education.
The required professional education courses and the year in which they are recommended are:
Periodically, selected special topics courses (e.g., teaching special needs students in the regular classroom) will be offered as electives to enhance the prospective teacher's skills.
Explanations of the professional education requirements are included in the Teacher Education Handbook and the Field Experiences Handbook. The Clinical Practice Handbook is available to teacher candidates admitted to the program and and through consultation with the Department Chair.
Admission to the Teacher Education ProgramStudents who plan to pursue a program of studies leading to initial licensure must submit a formal application to the Education Department. Students are encouraged to apply for admission in their sophomore year.
Prerequisites for formal admission to the Teacher Education Program (TEP) are:
Complete a minimum of 45 semester hours which will meet degree requirements.
Complete and submit the TEP application forms.
Achieve at least a cumulative GPA of 2.5 on a 4.0 scale or a cumulative 2.25 on a 4.0 scale with a recommendation of an institutional review committee which documents the reasons for the exception.
Successful completion of the Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST).
Receive two professional recommendations on character and academic promise from both a general education and a teacher education faculty member.
Acceptance of the required admissions essay.
Receive information on the likelihood of the applicant's eligibility for full licensure based on the required FBI background check as a prerequisite for clinical practice.
All students may enroll for twelve hours of professional education coursework in a number of courses offered by the Department of Education. Admission to the program should be sought during the junior year but must be obtained no later than during the semester prior to student teaching.
Transfer students interested in teacher education should discuss their status with the Chair of the Department of Education upon their arrival on campus.
Students who have already earned bachelor degrees and who desire to earn licensure through Wofford's program must follow the established procedure for admission to the program. They must present transcripts of all college work and a letter of character recommendation. They must fulfill all the requirements of the program in which they enroll. The Chair of the Department can advise what requirements are met by the work previously completed at Wofford or other institutions.
Retention in the Teacher Education ProgramEvaluation of students enrolled in the Teacher Education Program is a continuous process. Both attitude and performance are important. If a student's attitude toward teaching indicates a probable lack of interest as a teacher, or if performance in course work and clinical experiences indicates academic deficiency, the student may be advised to withdraw from the program.
Specifically, to be retained in the program the student must:
Recommendation for LicensureThe college advises students about requirements of the Teacher Education Program and helps with scheduling the appropriate sequences of courses. Responsibility for starting the program and pursuing if to completion, however, rest upon the individual student. Deficiencies in preparation at the time the candidate seeks recommendation for licensure are not the responsibility of the college. Wofford College recommends for licensure only those candidates who have completed satisfactorily all requirements in the three Teacher Education Program components and passed the state-required national examinations.
See Wofford education student pass rates on ETS exams.


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Some time ago someone suggested I blog about a Portuguese word. I think the one suggested was desembarancando (that c should have a cedilla and it's read like ss) which is sort of "how to make do forward" i.e. how to improvise, elbow, scratch your way forward. Desenrascando (no cedilla, the c is read k which as you can tell sounds more dire) is the more severe form of that, because it presupposes that you're "a rasca" i.e. in serious trouble.
As any linguist will tell you when words like that exist in a language, it's because they're needed. Portugal is, in its way, as unlikely a survival as I am – it's the only one of the many tiny countries that once dotted the Iberian peninsula, which hasn't been absorbed by Spain. It has other things going against it, including a very long shore line (Portugal IS a long shore line. I managed not to live by the sea, but most people assume I did), an inherited Roman political culture, where nepotism is not a bug, it's a feature, and a kakistocracy who learn their bad manners in the rest of Europe and come home to exploit the land they despise. (I don't despise it and I never went back to stay.)
The end result is a country that is so far gone in the rules-and-regulations-no-sane-person-can-obey department that rule of law exists more in theory than reality. Everyone works under the table, and the best way to resolve a traffic accident is NOT to call the police.
That said, things are much better now than they got in the seventies. I often find myself nodding agreement when I read stories of Russian immigrants and how they procured things by barter, trade and devious means, because it was never a matter of just going to the store and buying something.
So, you see where those words would be needed. And you'd see too – I suppose – how someone like me come from such a culture would have a terrible craving for security. Which is why it's so funny that I am, after all, a writer and at a time of no security at all. It probably accounts for the panics too, and the stress which right now had my body in one long eczema eruption from the neck down. (Yes, I've tried everything, prescription and non. No, I'm not willing to have steroid shots. When steroid cream doesn't work, steroid shots are only going to complicate matters. I know several people who've had these too, and if the cream doesn't work, the shots don't seem to also. I've sent for the cream I used to use in Portugal and HOPEFULLY it will arrive soon and make a difference. Until then I suffer and try no to rip my skin to shreds. (Right now my right arm is in shreds.) It doesn't help that my husband's job seems "okay" for ten months. No, I'm not complaining. In ten months tons of things can happen, and yes we know people who are much worse off. It's just for someone addicted to security it's a difficult place to be.
However, both my craving for security and my Portuguese training in desembaracando and desenrascando are probably the only reasons I still have a "job" writing.
Think about it. You're ten years old and about to go to school out of the village for the first time, in the nearest (still small, but I didn't know it) town.
In the village everything gets done very informally. It has been known for kids to be signed up for school at the right age even if the parents forget, because everyone knows "so and so little so and so goes to school this year." But outside the village you come across the Portuguese love for form a in slot b. And also the disorganization that makes it almost impossible to fulfill. You march to the nearest phone booth and sob out to your parents "I need to buy stamp form c to sign up, and the paper store doesn't have any." And the answer comes back, "Well, what can I do about it? Desenrasca-te."
Turned out while I didn't have money to bribe a secretary to pretend I'd given in the form and it had been lost, I had enough to buy the stamp paper off a kid who was not as interested in signing up.
Was this not excellent training for finding my first series dead in the water and shrugging and going "Okay, so much for literary fantasy. Let me try historical mystery and urban fantasy and… One of these doors go to open."
The person who wanted me to blog desembaracando wanted me to explain how it is human wave. Well… do I need to explain? Part of what seems to be built into the dystopian sf is that people get stuff done to them and they just fold and die. Guys, even people who have suffered horrendous dictatorships – Russia, China – find ways to cope with it, to escape, to still have hope for a future and to work towards a better day. And that's human wave. If it had a motto it should be the Heinlein quote "The Future is Better Than The Past." Even if you're not writing sf, that belief is human wave. The individual can make things better. Humans can overcome trouble and horror. Keep trying. Giving up means you already died.
And if trying means coming up with ever more inventive ways to forge forward through showers of shit and alligator attacks, then do so. A human got to do what a human got to do.
(On what this human got to do, since she's a rasca and the future is uncertain: I need to get a fundraising earc out and get the zazzle shop going. Oh, and get an indie novel out too. All of these are of the essence and should be done yesterday. However, I'd like them done WELL. Yesterday was lost to a doctor's appointment – no resentment on that. I not only am not seriously ill but the annoying issues seem to have resolved – and today I deal with electrical (that oven vent thing? Line to it went dead – long story – and it doesn't seem to be wired through the breaker box. Fun, uh?) Then I'm going to Liberty con this weekend – if you're in TN or NC or even SC and can come on down to Chattanooga, do. It IS great fun. – and somewhere along there the revision needed for that e-arc will happen. The way I'll do THAT at least as a fundraiser is to set a "donation level" and a time and if you send it, you get that. If you send more than that you'll get a bonus story, and more than that, you'll get schwag – hey, I have posters, t-shirts and a magnet on hand that I can send. And then I need to set up the fun stuff shops. And then Kate Paulk and I need to rewrite our stories from Valdemar – which are incredibly popular – and make them into novels set in our own world (yes, by contract we CAN use them as is. No, we don't want to. In our own world, we can then continue in ways we want to. So we have hammered out geography and history and Jem and Ree are going to get a new world and a FAR more detailed account of their adventures with some new stuff happening.) which Naked Reader has agreed to bring out. In between and around that, I HAVE to deliver Noah's Boy and write the 2nd Earth Revolution Book. I'm not sure how I'll find the time for all this, but hey, I'll be all right, I'll continue desenrascando.)


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A long stint of clear nights around the New Moon allowed me to make quick work of this beautiful target located at the bottom of the IC1805 Heart Nebula - the NGC896 Fish Head Nebula. I had previously imaged the entire IC1805 Heart Nebula with my other telescope, so I wanted this new image to be a narrowband image of just this small area.
NGC7814 Little Sombrero Galaxy in LRGB
Though I did not post about it at the time, pretty much the day after finishing my previous image on the NGC2146 Dusty Hand Galaxy, I finished working on my NGC7814 Little Sombrero Galaxy image. Lack of time and my new-found addiction to the game Battlefield V have driven me away from posting about it, until now.
NGC2146 Dusty Hand Galaxy in LRGB
Despite the apparent inactivity on this website, imaging is always on-going, so long as weather allows. Last night I was able to finish work on the NGC2146 Dusty Hand Galaxy, a target rarely imaged by the looks of it. At least there only appears to be a handful of images of this target online. It is pretty close to Polaris so it can essentially be imaged all year round, all night long.
IC5146 Cocoon Nebula in (R+HA)GB and Re-processed NGC6888 Crescent Nebula in Narrowband Bicolour Palette
Despite appearances on the website and general workload, I continue to be pretty active, when the clouds allow. The past few days have been on and off due to a storm lingering around Spain, but thankfully I have been able to run my equipment for quite a few nights. I finished capturing data for my IC5146 Cocoon Nebula image, captured in (R+HA)GB. The end result is shown below.
With clouds being on and off the past several nights, I have been fortunate enough to finish work on my NGC6888 Crescent Nebula image in Narrowband Bicolour Palette. For this image, I therefore only opted to capture Hydrogen-Alpha and Oxygen-III data. It is an object I have imaged numerous times before but never at this focal length, and I am astounded as to how much fine-structure I was able to capture.
On my last blog post, I mentioned that I was working on the IC1396 Elephant Trunk Nebula once again, but this time with the much higher imaging focal length of 1592 mm, though again in Narrowband Hubble Palette. The image was finished shortly after the blog post was made, and work began on another image - a 2-panel mosaic of the NGC7331 Deer Lick Group and Stephan's Quintet, this one in LRGB. Both finished images are shown below.
Some General Updates
Seeing the date stamp on my last blog post is a little bit disconcerting, considering that I have indeed been actively imaging the past several months regardless of the lack of updates to the website. Half-way through my summer holidays, I seem to have found the effort to make some updates here. I will start with my latest images of the M101 Pinwheel Galaxy and the NGC4038-NGC4039 Antennae Galaxies.
After imaging from e-EyE with a short focal length refractor for nearly two years, I finally decided it was time to retire the Takahashi FSQ-85ED of 450 mm focal length for the longer focal length Altair Astro 8" RC of 1625 mm focal length. I have had this telescope for several years but only used it once, locally in Gibraltar. In anticipation of eventually installing it at e-EyE, I bought a focuser tilting plate and Howie Glatter Laser Collimator a year and a half ago. All I needed for installation at e-EyE was a motorised telescope cover with flat field panel. Given the lack of options and availability of such an instrument from Optec Alnitak Flip-Flat for this aperture, I went for a Gemini Telescopes SnapCap 250mm.
This hard-to-catch target, the Antennae Galaxies, presented a very small size in my current field of view, but they were still worth the imaging time. My plan is to change my current Takahashi FSQ-85ED telescope for my longer focal length Altair Astro 8" RC telescope at the end of this month. However, I needed a time-filler - a target to image to not waste the clear nights, and this was it.
Four New Images and Lack of Updates
Despite appearances on this blog, I have actually been actively imaging the past several months. On average, I have had three different targets being imaged each night, automatically going from one to another as the hours pass. These images have been posted to AstroBin, Flickr, my Facebook page and even on this website, just not on this blog. This blog post serves to rectify that. The following are all four new images:
Over a year since I finished capturing all my data on the M31 Andromeda Galaxy, I have decided to re-process everything to make a new image. I initially really liked the result I got, but over time I have come to shy away from it because frankly, it was over-processed and had far too much Hydrogen-Alpha enhancement. This gave the image too much of a magenta tone to it. After many hours pre-processing all my data again and then trying out different colour calibrations, I have come to an end result I am very happy with.
IC1318 Gamma Cygni Nebula and NGC6888 Crescent Nebula in Narrowband Hubble Palette
Two months after starting, I have finally been able to finish imaging my large, 8-panel mosaic of Cygnus, including the IC1318 Gamma Cygni Nebula and the NGC6888 Crescent Nebula. This project has been finished in good time as Cygnus itself is starting to disappear off the Western horizon significantly early into the night these days. This started as a narrowband bicolour image but a friend convinced me to capture Sulphur-II data as well, so here we are.
LBN603 Dark Nebula in LRGB
In the numerous years I have been doing astrophotography, and indeed in the one and half years I have been doing it remotely, this is my very first image of a dark nebula, the LBN603. I was expecting a weak signal from a dark nebula so I expected that perhaps 15 minute exposures would be better than 10 minute exposures. Indeed other images of similar targets showed me people pushing the exposures for longer, so I did the same this time.
After hours and hours of imaging work done on the Veil Nebula over the past month or so, the image is now complete! This image comprises a total of 90 hours of exposure time, in a nine-panel mosaic with 180 exposures, each 30 minutes long.
Finally, after about two months of on and off imaging due to the Moon and some rain, imaging work on these targets is complete. I was originally going to make this a single panel image of just the NGC4565 Needle Galaxy but ended up making it a standard two-panel mosaic that also included the nearby NGC4559 galaxy.
Imaging work has now finished on M81 and M82 Bode's Nebula, which was imaged in L(R+HA)GB, as per my usual for galaxy targets of this apparent size. This image is a single panel, rather than my usual multiple-panel mosaic.
A friend of mine who is also remotely set up at e-EyE has set up an online store for printing astrophotographs on high-quality Aluminium with UV protection. Astrophotographers are free to submit their images for selling online, which are posted from Belgium to anywhere in the world. The redesign of my Astrophotographs page is in line with this, as visitors can now order my best images in a number of sizes, printed on Aluminium.
I have been meaning to write a quick blog post about having completed this image, but have been fairly busy with work as of late. I have been able to complete imaging work on my Leo Triplet and NGC3593 2-panel mosaic image. Though my telescope focal length and CCD sensor size is more than enough to fit the entire Leo Triplet in one frame, there were some nice stars from the constellation of Leo as well as the NGC3593 galaxy that I thought would be nice to be included in the image.
After more than two months of intensely imaging my largest-yet, a 9-panel mosaic in Orion's Belt, it is now complete (sort of). The original mission was to capture Orion's Belt in its entirety in (R+HA)GB. Unpredictable weather during a good number of Moonless nights unfortunately led to this being reduced to RGB, for now. My plan is to capture the 22.5 hours of Hydrogen-Alpha data late this year, to add on. However, RGB being complete, this is the end result:
Happy New Year 2017
I am personally not someone who celebrates the New Year very much. At the risk of sounding very pessimistic, I feel the fireworks are nice, but I find the change from one year to the next very arbitrary (it is after all just another day). Thinking of astrophotography, it has however prompted me to look back at some of my very first images and comparing them to what I produce these days.
IC1805 Heart Nebula in (R+HA)GB
By far the biggest image project I have undertaken thus far, my IC1805 Heart Nebula image, is now complete. This took about a month and a half to acquire all the data for, which I set myself out to be 100 hours of total exposure time in a 6-panel mosaic. Some changes to plans led to a reduction in total exposure time used in the final image, resulting in it being 82.5 hours. Nevertheless it is just under 10 hours more and 2 panels more than my second-biggest image project (M31 Andromeda Galaxy). Below is the final image:
M33 Triangulum Galaxy in L(R+HA)GB
After just, just under 48 hours of total exposure time, my image of the M33 Triangulum Galaxy is finally done. As with the M31 Andromeda Galaxy image, I opted to capture separate Hydrogen-Alpha data to enhance the Red channel of the image. This has brought out the most active regions within the galaxy in vivid detail. Below is the final image after all post-processing:
The NGC7293 Helix Nebula is a very interesting and pretty large planetary nebula located towards the South. Given Spain's latitude, it can be imaged within a window of about two months of the year, though it is still fairly low in altitude above horizon throughout. I tended to start imaging this target when it was 18° above horizon, and ended before it dipped to the same altitude above horizon later in the night. My initial plan was to do this in the Hubble Palette, but between the weeks passing and the Moon disappearing later in the night, the window to image this target was soon closing. I therefore cut my imaging run short of capturing any Sulphur-II data.
With 60 hours of imaging over, I have gathered all the data I set out to gather for the IC1396 Elephant Trunk Nebula image in Narrowband Hubble Palette. This image involved a 4-panel mosaic with 10 exposures per filter, per panel. All exposures were 30 minutes long, captured with Sulphur-II, Hydrogen-Alpha and Oxygen-III 3nm filters. The following is the end result:
With the long weekend in Gibraltar gone, so is my trip to e-EyE concluded. I primarily went there to help the owner learn PixInsight in person, which he very much enjoyed. Part of my trip was also spent making sure my equipment was fine. This included installing the recently-purchased FeatherTouch 3" focuser upgrade for my Takahashi FSQ-85ED as well as setting up the replacement Aviosys IP Power 9258 (after the first one I had died on me). The following are some photographs of my equipment setup:
January 2019


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· Practice books provided.
· Location : Student's home (RAWANG-SHAH ALAM-GOMBAK)
FOR ENQUIRIES : Contact Mrs Khalilah (019-4737645)


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Offensive Line Can Deal with Carson Palmer
A lire avant de poster.
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- Inscription : mar. nov. 21, 2017 8:55 am
Offensive Line Can Deal with Carson Palmer
Though he was in just a rhythm, quarterback Carson Palmer was perfect upon Monday night time from the Cowboys, yet individuals occasions have been far too several and significantly amongst as the sport moved alongside. Immediately after a very hot start off, the Cardinalsoffense slowed down substantially the top a few quarters, in just massive component owing toward less than ordinary stability. Palmer was sacked 6 moments and compelled numerous even further, restricting a passing match which was eventually locating its footing. experienced adult men open up at occasions and exactly didn obtain them considering that we couldn toss the ball,teach Bruce Arians mentioned. When Arians didn lay blame upon affected individual gamers, the directly facet of the line https://www.cardinalsfanprostore.com/Cardinals_Ed_Stinson_Jersey, presenting Evan Boehm and Jared Veldheer, appeared which include the lousy url for a minute specifically 7 days. Cowboys defensive close DeMarcus Lawrence experienced a few sacks and 6 quarterback hits, and he was once in a while included up towards Veldheer. Veldheer is a veteran who identified a whole lot of achievements at still left deal with within the last still is having difficulties right after a stage substitute https://www.cardinalsfanprostore.com/Cardinals_Ricky_Seals_jones_Jersey. want in the direction of block my gentleman,Veldheer explained. t doesn subject exactly where I am https://www.cardinalsfanprostore.com/Cardinals_Tyvon_Branch_Jersey. My undertaking is in the direction of block the person.Palmer performed the activity 29-of-48 passing for 325 yards and 2 touchdowns, nevertheless there were being instances the moment the offense grew to become stagnant simply because he was both sacked or threw the ball absent. Still left manage D.J. Humphries and still left secure Mike Iupati didn enjoy in just the online games because of in direction of harm, which far too contributed in the direction of the struggles. will continue to keep doing the job,Palmer mentioned. DAWSON MISSES 3rd Business Function The Cardinals had been primed in the direction of move up through double-digits when a incredibly hot commence, yet a maintain by means of Veldheer wiped absent a touchdown, and then a 36-backyard business purpose try out through kicker Phil Dawson went broad instantly. Dawson is made up of at present overlooked a business reason inside of each match this year: a 32-yarder towards the Lions and a 42-backyard garden video game-successful try in opposition to the Colts inside of addition in direction of the a person upon Monday https://www.cardinalsfanprostore.com/Cardinals_Kurt_Warner_Jersey. not doing in the direction of the issue I will need toward instantly by now, and I not creating any excuses for it,Dawson explained. Dawson was signed in just no cost company in the direction of provide harmony towards the kicking sport the moment Chandler Catanzaro erratic 2016, yet it been additional of the identical hence much. Dawson basically ignored a few sector ambitions inside equally 2015 and 2016. "Let expect that legitimate this 12 months,Dawson explained. Arians was disappointed with the kicking and the punting. Andy Lee punted 6 periods for 271 yards, an ordinary of 45.2 yards with a web of 38.0. incorporate towards do greater employment there,Arians reported. SEALS-JONES Increased In direction of Busy ROSTER Limited close Ricky Seals-Jones was improved toward the busy roster just before the recreation as soon as shelling out the initial 2 months upon the teach squad. Linebacker Phillip Wheeler was introduced in the direction of generate area. Prepare squad offensive handle Ulrick John is in addition reportedly heading towards be signed towards the Packerschaotic roster, which would go away the Cardinals with 2 educate squad openings.
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2003-04 Fuel Tank Filler Neck - 1AFMX002121AFMX00212
This replacement fuel filler neck is just what you need to get your vehicle in good working order again!
- Fuel Tank Filler Neck
- Replaces dealer part numbers: 25760228
- Direct fit replacement
- Built to strict quality control standards
- Replaces any gas tank filler neck that is rusted, rotted, bent, or damaged from an accident
- Correct for models with sliding side doors
- Not correct for models with hinged side cargo doors
This fuel filler neck is a great replacement and has good cost savings over a gas tank filler neck from the dealer.
Item Condition:
Attention California Customers:
WARNING: Cancer and Reproductive Harm - www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.
Lifetime Warranty
This item is backed by a Limited Lifetime Warranty. In the event this item should fail due to manufacturing defects during intended use, we will exchange the part free of charge (excludes shipping charges) for the original purchaser.
step : Removing the Fuel Filler Neck (0:51)
- Raise and secure the vehicle
- Pull back the filler neck shield
- Loosen the clamp on the larger fuel hose with a 6mm socket and ratchet
- Loosen the clamp on the smaller fuel hose with pliers
- Pry the fuel hoses off the filler neck with a flat blade screwdriver
- Remove the 8mm bolt from the filler neck bracket
- Open the fuel door
- Twist off the gas cap
- Remove the two 7mm bolts inside the fuel door
- Pry off the fuel door housing with a flat blade screwdriver
- Pull the filler neck down and out through the wheel well
step : Transferring the Filler Neck Shield (2:58)
- Punch the rivets out of the shield with a punch and hammer
- Drill out the rivets
- Take the shield off the old filler neck
- Put the shield onto the new filler neck
- Fasten the shield to the filler neck with coarse threaded bolts
step : Installing the Filler Neck (3:57)
- Lift the filler neck into place
- Push the fuel door housing into place
- Start the two 7mm bolts into the fuel door housing
- Insert the 8mm bolt into the filler neck bracket
- Tighten the two 7mm bolts inside the fuel door
- Apply rust penetrant to the fuel hoses
- Push the fuel hoses onto the filler neck
- Tighten the larger fuel hose clamp with a 6mm socket and ratchet
- Tighten the smaller fuel hose clamp with pliers
Tools needed for replacement:
- Drill
- Coarse Threaded Bolts (to replace rivets)
- Rust Penetrant
- Needle nose pliers
- Ratchet
- Flat Blade Screwdriver
- 7mm Socket
- 8mm Socket
- 6mm Socket
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text:
Washington, D.C. – December 11, 2007, Congress passed a resolution by Rep. Steve King (R-Iowa) to recognize the importance of Christmas and Christianity in America.
The resolution states that "Christmas is a time for 225 million Christians throughout this country to reflect on the birth of their Savior Jesus Christ and it is celebrated as recognition of God's redemption, mercy and grace."
This true message of Christmas is under assault in our country as the reins of political correctness try to dictate how Americans can celebrate this holiday. Even secular symbols of Christmas are being attacked. Rep. King's resolution simply honors the real reason for the Christmas season.
Wendy Wright, President of Concerned Women for America, said, "It is only fitting that Congress recognizes and honors Christmas.
"The celebration of Christmas permeates our entire country as most Americans revel in the joy of the season. We thank Rep. King for introducing this resolution that notes the contributions of Christianity to the establishment of this great nation."
The Christmas Resolution passed the House by a vote of 372-9 with only Democrats opposing it. Rep. Diana DeGette (D-Colorado) was among those who opposed this resolution, yet voted in favor of resolutions earlier this year that recognized other religions. Her office told CWA that the Christmas Resolution blurred the line between separation of church and state.
The other Members who voted against the Christmas Resolution were: Reps. Ackerman (New York), Clarke (New York), Hastings (Florida), Lee (California), McDermott (Washington), Scott (Virginia), Stark (California) and Woolsey (California).
Shari Rendall, Director of Legislation and Public Policy, adds, "It astounds me that any Member of Congress would oppose legislation that recognizes the importance of Christmas in our country, particularly in light of the fact that earlier this year Congress passed two separate resolutions honoring the Hindu and Islamic religions and their respective holidays.
For Information Contact:
Natalie Bell
(202) 488-7000


text:
Internal Job Openings
Last updated Aug 16, 2017
Public Service Center
250 South 4th Street, Room 100
Minneapolis, MN 55415
E-mail: [email protected]
Phone: (612) 673-2282
To learn more about careers with the City of Minneapolis, meet some of our employees.
Home > City of Minneapolis > Job Opportunities
Last updated Aug 16, 2017
For reasonable accommodations or alternative formats, contact 311.
People who are deaf or hard of hearing can use a relay service to call 311 at 612-673-3000.
TTY users can call 612-673-2157 or 612-673-2626.
Para asistencia 612-673-2700, Yog xav tau kev pab, hu 612-637-2800, Hadii aad Caawimaad u baahantahay 612-673-3500.
Salary Compliance Notice:
State statute 471.701; Notice of Salary Compliance, requires that the City post for not less than 90 days
the job title of the three highest paid employees along with their base salary. For 2018 these were:
1. City Attorney, $186,490
2. Assistant City Coordinator Convention Center, $183,600
3. Director Public Works, $181,191
Minneapolis 311 ©1997-2019 City of Minneapolis, MN


text:
As San Francisco reacts to nightclub violence, and makes other decisions about fees and security requirements of events, District 8 Supervisor Scott Wiener said city officials should have a real sense of what the nightlife in The City means from an economic perspective.
On Tuesday, Wiener requested the City Controller to conduct an economic impact study with support from the Entertainment Commission "on entertainment and nightlife in San Francisco to determine the size and the scope of this industry, the number of jobs it created in San Francisco, the tax that it generates for The City, the tourism that it brings to The City."
"There has been a lot of discussion in recent years about entertainment and nightlife in San Francisco and it often comes up in a very reactive way in terms of policy-making at City Hall," Wiener said.
"If something bad happens, if someone gets shot, we then scramble and say how do we address this and we, in a very defensive way, consider public policy."


text:
Arnold began his quest to be a good fellow. And then he entered the Temple of Tew and started to learn of the ways of Tew. This, did not seem like a good idea and so took Arnold to learn of Bahamut (with a little bending of the truth – and a miacle to make him forget the words of Tew – to make Bahamut into a pirate deity Arnold was swayed).
Many of them were given Tewtorials and holy symbols. They learn of missionaries building temples in other cities and that an arm of the Tewtonic knights is active here in this city and of a being named Kauris who Tew would like to visit to be turned into a god.
They venture to another temple of Tew where they meet Vincent Kain, a high priest of Tew. Then they light out for the floating castle of Profian. With the help of an old wizard they are able to locate his floating castle and commence the infiltration. They do a good job until they are discovered by the guards and the alarm is raised alerting the rest of the castle to their arrival.
The fight is difficult and the dragons are summoned but in the end they succeed (even though the Drabbit briefly existed in a form of stoned that Gumba could only dream of) and were able to loot the castle before it began to fall from the sky. As the castle was about to crash they returned to the airship to plot their next attack…
Things on the Agenda according to the Drabbit:
1) Some things that are not my fault happened. We need to fix these things. It really wasn't my fault.
2) There was the dude in the coffin in the arctic – Xinth.
3) The god in the necropolis place – We have 2 years left until he can bother us – Nerull.
4) Eduardo was a vampire let out of the coffin in Marne
5) Palandralaar
5.5) Profian let of the coffin to save Gruel.
6) Sampson the Whale
7) Evil robot Santa
8) The entire undead city without the god
9) The undead city with the god.
10) That other lich we found in Castle Lianess – Darinus


text:
Whereas the male orgasm has never given any cause for controversy, the female orgasm has been an incomprehensible, mysterious and permanent questioning since the middle of the 19th century for endless.
Everything has the rule, an order to it, is determined. Who on earth prevent female getting orgasm? Who mislead women to a wrong place? Whoever Freud, Kinsey, Masters, Johnson, or even Grafenberg, they proposed their theories just as hypothesis, and most of theories are fantasy, but all researchers after them consider their hypothesis as the Bible. The only result they left is that female orgasm seems to be getting even more mysterious by clitoral orgasm, vaginal orgasm, G-spot, female multiple orgasms etc. There are all bullshits.
There is only one type of orgasm whatever man or woman. Female orgasm is as same as a shudder of male climax. Women can never have multiple orgasms, because they also have a refractory period after a real orgasm.


text:
Picking a fabric was hard. You want to stay away from patterns, otherwise you have to piece and match, and to be honest, that is way above my level
I gathered all my materials and went to the class.
The first thing you need to do is cover the box with batting. You put one layer on the main part of the box, and then you put two or more on the lid, depending how thick you want the lid to look. This part was easy. Since it will be covered with the fabric you don't have to worry too much about estetics.
Next, you need to measure your box and then cut your fabric. I was a bit worried since I did not buy any backup material.
Then you start covering the main body of the box. This part was easy.
After the main part is covered, you need to then cover the bottom. You basically fold like you are wrapping a present, then you will need to cut a center piece and sew/glue/tape it on. (I had not attached the center piece yet here)
Now is when the fun part begins. (Note my sarcasm) After the main part of the box, you need to cover the "lip". I chose to do mine in a contrasting color to add a bit more to my box. You have to attach the material at the top and then you will "flip" it down and cover the lip. The corners were the tricky part, but surprisingly mine turned out pretty good.


text:
Shocking News: My Sea-Monkeys Have Escaped!
As some of you already know, I've been raising Sea-Monkeys as part of my research for illustrating SEA-MONKEY AND BOB by Aaron Reynolds (Simon & Schuster Books For Young Readers, 2015).
Well, I CAN'T BELIEVE IT. I went upstairs this afternoon to find an empty aquarium and a note (see photo). My Sea-Monkeys have left me for greener pastures (bluer waters?). Ah, how I will miss my wee watery denizens: Micky, Peter, Nyarlathotep, Alan, Mary Margaret, Bilbo, Sojourner, Boris, Pochyk, Pippa, Sea Monkey Killing Unit #1, Tarquin, Brunhilda, Delphine, Monkey Doo, Brooke and Russell.
I do admit to a brief moment of suspicion that SMKU#1 forged the letter to cover up a heinous crime ... but then I remembered his poor penmanship. He could never have written this note.
Anyway, it looks as if my friend Annie Walker is off the hook -- she had originally promised to bake a cake for every Sea-Monkey who survived a full year. But now that they've fled, I have no way of knowing. I'd like to think my tiny briny friends will find their way to lovely temperate waters where they will frolic in crowns and sing Sea-Monkey songs as they wave their miniature tridents in time to the beat.


text:
London: Rosie Huntington-Whiteley has been voted as the top style icon for this year at the Elle Style Awards.
'Mad Men' actress Christina Hendricks and Sarah Burton, designer of the Duchess of Cambridge's wedding dress, were also honoured during the ceremony at London's Savoy Hotel.
'Transformers' star Huntington-Whiteley was presented with her award by Jerry Maguire star Cuba Gooding Jr, Sky News reported.
The 24-year-old actress, who is dating actor Jason Statham, was named the world's sexiest woman in a magazine poll last year.
Meanwhile, fellow Burberry model Eddie Redmayne took the best actor award.
Burton, who won acclaim for her work on the royal wedding in April 2011, took the international designer of the year award, presented by supermodel Naomi Campbell.
Red-haired Hendricks, who plays feisty secretary Joan Holloway in hit US show 'Mad Men', was named best TV star.
The best actress award went to Oscar-nominated Michelle Williams, who was due to accept her award from Simon Curtis, her director for My Week With Marilyn'.


text:
Alternative Titles
Synonyms: Secret Eden of Goddess, Otonari-san ni Gochuui wo!, Kodomo ja Nai Mon, The Little Sister on My Lap, Woman's Heart and Inn Autumn, Kouun no Hebereke, Abyss, Itsuwari no Yoru, Woman's Heart and Inn Autumn, Imouto no Himegoto, Stray x Trap, "If" Taisaku desu
Japanese: シークレットエデン
Type: Manga
Volumes: 1
Chapters: 12
Status: Finished
Published: Jan 14, 2011 to Jan 12, 2013
Genres: Hentai
Authors: Hiyoshi, Hana (Story & Art)
Serialization: Comic Kairaku-ten
Score: 6.521 (scored by 35 users)
1 indicates a weighted score. Please note that 'Not yet published' titles are excluded.
Ranked: N/A2
2 based on the top manga page. Please note that 'R18+' titles are excluded.
Popularity: #21217
Members: 163
Favorites: 0


text:
OK, so she didn't get a full bath. There was water and a tub and shampoo involved, but most of the 45 seconds it took to wet/lather/rinse her was me palming her muzzle, trying to make eye contact, telling her to stop freaking out. She did settle and got her 'bath', though her dignity swirled somewhere down the drain with the suds. But she was a soft, nice-smelling puppy when she went to the vet that afternoon.
Her post-purchase exam went well. The vet wisely gave her a cookie from the jar next to the exam table to kept her busy as he did his exam. She then pulled the lid off the jar and helped herself to another one. Smart girl.
My garden helper? She proudly totes the water hose in her mouth as we move about the garden, and shoves her head under the spray to check our progress. She then runs to the water bowl and stands with both front feet in it and drinks. Brave moves for a puppy who eschews bathing!
From a puppy who balked at the 3 porch steps the first time she saw them, to the brave, if somewhat reckless one who now ignores the bottom step both up and down, she sallies forth into each day with abandon. Go get 'em, Freki!


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This short film opens with a fart joke. It's not really even a joke so much as an enormous fart noise and a reaction shot, which set things off to an abrupt and jarring start. While beginning with this sort of sophomoric humor isn't exactly a good sign, the rest of the short more than makes up for it. "Ollie Klublershturf vs. the Nazis" is a hilarious and eccentric piece of time travel comedy that is not just conscious of its own absurdity, but runs with it. Written by Damon Lindelof (of "Lost" fame), it stars a small cast with great comic timing and chemistry, including a clean-cut Chris Hemsworth as a Nazi in disguise.
After that extraordinary flatulence kicks things off, the film begins as a "Meet the Parents" type comedy. Dade Klublershturf (Samm Levine) has brought home his German girlfriend, Daniella (Rachel Nichols), to meet his somewhat oblivious parents, played by the always entertaining Lainie Kazan and George Segal. Yet things shift pretty quickly once the young and brilliant Ollie Klublershturf (Zach Mills) comes onto the scene. He's been building a time machine upstairs, which is wanted desperately by a vindictive group of Nazis. Daniella is one of these, having infiltrated the family through the naïve Dade. She's joined by two gentlemen who arrive at the door posing as All-American Bible salesmen: Hemsworth and a bespectacled Norman Reedus, of all people.
This weekend's impending Norse god of thunder somehow makes a perfect faux-Nazi. Maybe it's his bulk, muscles on which mom Sharon Klublershturf makes sure to both squeeze and compliment. It's also not a bit ironic to see him just a year before "Thor" playing an equally hyper-Aryan hulking blond. Yet here, fighting off the young Ollie, he's a bit less competent than a superhero should be and we can assume that his Nazi values are somewhat different from the morality of a caped crusader. Also, he seems to be quite good at comedy, which is a good sign that as the thunder god he'll be able to carry the film with more than just his biceps.
Not that Hemsworth is the only funny thing about "Ollie Klubershturf vs. the Nazis." The rest of the cast is hilarious as well and their dinner table banter is exactly what one would hope for in this sort of absurd sci-fi fantasy. There's a wonderful embrace of the ridiculous camp factor inherent in making a movie about a boy genius fighting off the advent of a Fourth Reich with an Atari joystick. Daniella's German accent is about as over the top as possible, Ollie maintains a delightfully silly rendition of calmly defiant boredom, and the Klublershrturfs and their fascist guests keep up a wonderfully silly atmosphere. It all moves quite quickly, everything from the actors' joke delivery to the cross-cutting is perfectly timed, and the ten minutes fly by. Take a look:
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