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Comparison Tests
$29K SUV Shootout
Episode 3022
Episode 3040
Last year MotorWeek teamed up with our friends at Cars.com and USA TODAY to pit some of today's best selling family sedans against one another and pick a winner. But for many families, the family car is actually a crossover or sport utility vehicle. And that sounds like a great reason for another group hug. So, join us as we compare nine of America's best selling utilities in a $29,000 SUV Shootout.
Our price ceiling of 29K did limit us to mostly compact utilities, but we found all of our 2011 editions had big family features. Eight of the nine are front-wheel drive, but all are available with all-wheel drive, which is standard on the Subaru Forester.
That's joined by the latest Kia Sportage, the sporty, snub-nose Nissan Rogue, the original small crossover Toyota RAV4, the second generation Chevrolet Equinox, the very popular Honda CR-V, the updated Dodge Journey-with the only V6 in the contest-the aggressive looking Hyundai Tucson, and the venerable Ford Escape.
We returned to the Southern California scene of our sedan comparison, and along with editors from Cars.com and USA TODAY we were joined by some very special guests: actor Joey Lawrence and his family. Our evaluators found it much harder to determine a clear SUV winner than in our sedan comparison, where a few cars really stood out from the rest. But once all of the scoring was in, four were clearly on top.
Coming in fourth, with a price tag of $28,343 is the Subaru Forester. Its mix of SUV flexibility and sedan-like driving dynamics has always been a hit with us. But our testers particularly enjoyed being behind the wheel of the Forester and found the 2.5-liter flat four to be peppier than its claimed 170 horsepower would suggest.
DAVE THOMAS: The Forester was the only all-wheel drive crossover that we had here in the competition and it really showed in the handling department. Taking it through the mountains was a lot of fun. Now, suspension was a little floaty over some bumps, but overall it was a really good competitor.
CHRIS WOODYARD: Subaru Forester sort of stands out in this pack because it has excellent visibility, has some of the biggest windows of any cars out here. And, it also has got a good, rugged feel to it. It feels like a Forester. It feels like a car you want to take into the great outdoors.
Third place goes to the recently redesigned Kia Sportage, with a 176-horsepower 2.4-liter I4. While it was among the most heavily optioned in our test, its price was squarely mid-pack at $27,795. But it was mostly the modern styling that drove it up the list.
CHRIS WOODYARD: The Sportage is really an amazing looking car. It's probably the best looking car of this entire pack, and it's a very competitive segment. We didn't think that it drove as well as some of the others in the pack, but still seemed to be a very strong value proposition.
BRIAN ROBINSON: The Kia Sportage is a good-handling, great-looking SUV, and with features like the L.E.D. running lights and dual sunroofs, it really stands out in the segment.
We were a bit surprised by our runner up, the heavily revised Dodge Journey. As the only V6 in our test, it certainly had an edge in power, though not as much as we were expecting. The new Pentastar V6 rates 283 horsepower, and although it was also one of the biggest vehicles in our test, it was actually the cheapest of our finalists at $25,240. But, what really set it apart was its load of family features.
JOEY LAWRENCE (pictured with family): I like the Dodge; I like the size of the Dodge. It's closer to the Chevy Equinox, which again you feel like you've upgraded to a whole other segment for the same price point. I think the dash layout is excellent in that car. The seats are really comfortable. It has these rear doors that open at 90 degrees, which is perfect for accessibility, especially for the kids getting in and out with car seats and bags and whatnot.
DAVE THOMAS: The Journey obviously had a V6 engine, so acceleration was really strong, which was great. But, the real surprise was the cabin, it was really quiet and because it was one of the larger vehicles it had a lot of cargo room, too.
That leaves us with our winner...the Chevrolet Equinox. While already a MotorWeek Drivers' Choice winner, it was great to see others felt the same way. Power comes from a 182 horsepower 2.4-liter I4. Our heavily optioned Equinox barely squeaked under our $29,000 ceiling at $28,560. And as much as we like driving the Equinox, as your mom probably told you, it's what's inside that counts.
KRISTIN VARELA: The Chevy Equinox has a fit and finish inside that just isn't even comparable to the others, it's a step above. You really feel like you're in a whole separate category.
BRIAN ROBINSON: Among these vehicles, the Equinox is one of the most SUV-ish looking. The interior is really nice with a lot of high tech features; and it's a lot of SUV for the money.
JOEY LAWRENCE: Equinox probably has the best looking interior out of any of these cars. It's got a two-tone leather with a contrast stitching that makes it feel extremely German. The fit and finish is remarkable, I think. The size of the vehicle is fantastic. It's big. It's a lot bigger than the other vehicles. It almost feels like you've upgraded to a whole other segment. For under 30 grand, you just can't beat that.
Sport utilities are vastly different than those of a generation ago. Today, family-friendly features are much more important than off road capability. The Chevrolet Equinox certainly has plenty of family attributes, as well as a high quality interior, and lots of high-tech goodies. It's easy to see why the Equinox is the new benchmark in this class.
The Contenders:
2011 Kia Sportage
2011 Nissan Rogue
2011 Toyota RAV4
2011 Chevrolet Equinox
2011 Honda CR-V
2011 Dodge Journey
2011 Hyundai Tucson
2011 Ford Escape
2011 Subaru Forester


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It's the most wonderful time of the year, so naturally, it's one of the most magical times to tie the knot. However, there's a fine line between decorating your big day like an enchanting winter wonderland and it resembling Santa's grotto. But don't fear; with Bubblegum Balloons' top tips, your wonderful winter wedding will look super-stylish and chic, without a Santa in sight.
All white
Are you dreaming of a white wedding? An all-white colour scheme is clean, classy and timeless – especially for a magical Christmas 'do. Balloons like our Innocence Tassel Tail giant balloon in a choice of either white feather-filled, pearly white or sophisticated silver add a simple yet stunning look to festive proceedings.
Let it snow
For so many couples, the idea of a winter wedding is not completely fulfilled without a sprinkling of snow. Of course, you can't rely on the weather to make your snow dream a reality, but you can subtly add snow-themed decorations to bewitch your guests on your big day. Many brides and grooms we work with ask their guests to shower them in either Snow Confetti Flutter or White and Silver Confetti Flutter – instead of traditional confetti, which looks so pretty in wedding photos. Whilst our White and Silver Confetti Wands are favourites for adding a touch of sparkle to wedding tables!
Speaking of tables; delight your guests with a centrepiece that will make them say WOW. Our DIY Snowflake Tail Kit (available with gold, red and silver foil balloons, with a cute snowflake tail) has been a popular choice with DIY brides, especially, who've wanted to get their craft-on and create a cool snow-inspired centrepiece to keep warm conversations flowing between guests.
Make a statement
If you can't make a statement on your wedding day, when can you? Give a nod to the fabulous festive season, in a super- stylish way! From 16-inch Letter Balloon Garlands with greetings including 'Tis the Season' and 'Merry Christmas' to balloon packs with cheeky sayings such as Show us your Baubles and the chic Let it Snow, it's all about injecting your personality to make your magical day even more memorable.
Gorgeous garlands
Garlands are a Christmas staple – they go on trees, around fireplaces and across walls – so why not add them to your Christmas wedding? Opt for red, white and gold for a traditional look or mix it up with classy black, gold and cream combinations, depending on your personal preference. Our Star Garlands and Tassel Garlands are versatile and work just as well in a stately home venue as they do in rustic barns. We've seen many of our couples, not only drape them around dessert or top tables, but also around fireplaces and beams, which really adds a sense of magic to proceedings – whatever your venue or personal style.
See more from Bubblegum Balloons' festive wedding range at www.bubblegumballoons.co.uk

subset: commoncrawl


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By Mike King
In light of his alcoholism,
his high positions, his journalism, and his record of academic mediocrity (at best), one has got to wonder how this
puffed-up "literary giant" was able to muster the time and discipline necessary to author so many books. Well,
you see, the "prolific" multi-millionaire writer not only has the help of "literary assistants", (ghostwriters)
but he is also a plagiarist!
A young historian Maurice Ashley contributes heavily to Churchill's 1937 'A History
of the English-Speaking Peoples'. Years later, another historian named William Deakin pens an
enormous amount of material for Churchill, including most of the text of his "widely acclaimed" series on World
War II. The military narratives are supplied by a retired general, Sir Henry Pownall.
By the 1950's, an aging and alcohol-addled Churchill is relying upon an entire
team of writers to do much more than just research, contribute, and edit, but really take over his work.
The multi-million pound one-man literary enterprise that was Winston Churchill was not
a one man show after all. -- Ashley, Deakin and Pownall.
In addition to his reliance upon ghostwriting historians, the imitation
intellectual also engaged in gross plagiarism. British historian Max Hastings, writing in The Telegraph,
November 2, 2004, informs us:
"Pownall, ironically enough, had often confided
to his own wartime diary rage and frustration about Churchill's intemperate interferences in military operations. Now, for
a salary of £1,000 a year, along with a less influential naval counterpart, he played a key role in the fortification
of the Churchill legend.
Churchill skillfully injected into the narrative just
sufficient rolling phrases in his own inimitable style to put a personal stamp upon the published version. The opinions and
judgments expressed were, of course, entirely his own. But, from the delivery of the first volume onwards, some critics,
including Life magazine which had paid vast sums for serial rights, expressed misgivings about countless pages of contemporary
documents rendered verbatim in the text, to make up the weight.
the time of the third volume, Life's Henry Luce was growling: "The old boy is chiseling on us. If he were younger,
we'd kick him in the shins." Churchill narrowly averted litigation for plagiarism from Samuel Morison, an American
naval historian whose narrative of the Pacific sea battles was recycled in the former Prime Minister's volumes." (7)
Henry Luce, the legendary founder of LIFE Magazine, came to understand that Churchill was a money-grubbing
MID 1930's
Just how desperate was Churchill's financial situation during the
1930's? Noted British historian and master document digger David Irving informs us:
"Churchill of course is no stranger to counterfeit art. In dire financial straits in the 1930s he took to faking
the paintings of the deceased French impressionist Charles Maurin because Maurin's signature sold somewhat
better in the Left Bank boutiques in those days than did his own.
Franklin D Roosevelt spotted the little deception, and wrote him a joshing letter about it in February 1942.
For some reason those letters never made it into the official volumes of Churchill Roosevelt correspondence -- an omission
I have rectified in "Churchill's War", vol. ii: "Triumph in Adversity". Now that's Real History. Spreads
like Butter." (8)
Roosevelt had come to learn of the scam from a fine arts expert in Washington DC. Irving, in another article, quotes
from the teasingly friendly 1942 letter in which Roosevelt writes to Churchill as though it is not known who the forger is: "Dear Winston --- these people who go around under assumed names render themselves open to all kinds of indignity
and suspicion." (9)
Roosevelt mischievously added:
"The British Embassy was asked for verification and I suppose the matter has been to Scotland
Yard and back again." (10)
In 'Churchill's War: Triumph in Adversity', historian
David Irving uncovers a 1942 letter from FDR to Churchill in which the former teases the British Mad Dog - a mediocre painter
- about a 1937 scam in which Churchill put impressionist Charles Maurin's names to his paintings – and then
sold them to boutiques!
Payable & Mailable to:
Alda Dipescale
PO Box 804
Saddle Brook, NJ 07663
International orders, we accept U.S. Dollars only, add $10 for International Money Order
"History is indeed little more than the
register of the crimes, follies and misfortunes of mankind."
Edward Gibbon, English historian (1737-1794),
From: "The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire"


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These agates that have been carved into horned-shaped protection amulets will show everyone that you are not a spirit to be trifled with! Considered a symbol of wealth, power and protection since the time of Egypt, many cultures revered the agate for its power to lend strength to all areas of life. This innate intensity stems not from the crystal's vibration, as agate is a lower vibrational stone, but rather it is derived from agate's grounding influence. The way in which agate tempers thoughts and emotions, pumps the brakes on any hasty conclusions, assumptions or actions you were speeding towards. It provides a peaceful power founded in steadfast contemplation. Having found your spiritually stability through connection to the agate, you will feel encouraged to take measured risks and embrace challenges. Agate is a crystal that helps you to get in tune with yourself. By helping you to forgive your weaknesses, it teaches you to focus on your strengths instead. These attributes will feel a rush of confidence when fusing with the energy of agate. That is the essence of agate's protection. It allows you to recognize how you can best protect yourself with mental fortitude and a spirit that can't be shaken by external forces. In this way, an agate protection amulet empowers you to have your guard up, without having to be on high alert.
Black Agate with Black Onyx
As well as carrying the protection properties of Black Agate, the three Black Onyx beads which pair with the agate horn of this necklace are meant to embolden your strength. As another stone that is believed to be highly protective, it is extremely helpful during situations which threaten to weaken your spiritual resolve. Evenings when you find yourself alone, or days that have been dampened by a dark mood, can be triggers for a loss in confidence or increase of anxiety. With onyx, however, those momentary emotional slumps won't give way to emotional pitfalls. In helping you to deal with fears, past pain, grief and self-confidence issues, onyx will leave you a stronger and more grounded individual.
Purple Agate with Amethyst
Smooth, violet vibes radiate from this power combo of Purple Agate and Amethyst. The three amethyst beads that are paired with the protective agate amulet will strengthen your intuition. Amethyst is known to connect the mind with the body. When agate acts to ground the body, amethyst will bring harmony of body and mind to unite both forces of power. Though agate is an adapt stabilizer, through combining that energy with the intuitive vibration of amethyst, you can recognize triggers to your instability before they even enter your life. That's why amethyst is so often recommended for addicts.
Yellow Agate with Crazy Lace Agate
If emotional vulnerability has you feeling pained, don't surrender to sadness. Instead, use the combination of Yellow Agate with Crazy Lace Agate beads to prove that happiness is the greatest defense. While the yellow agate acts as a grounding and shielding influence with the mind and body, the crazy lace agate will infuse you with joy. Remember that laughter really can be the best medicine in times of stress or heartache. Feel the encouragement of this crystal combination leading you toward a new day and brighter future. Leave behind the instability of emotional torment, and protect your spirit without vowing to never let it be vulnerable again.
These Agate Protection Amulet necklaces are made with a crystal horn-shaped pendant, and vegan suede. Each one will vary slightly in appearance, size, shape and color as they are handmade with love and intention.
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From recurring mould to unfixed gas leaks, Aussies are revealing what it's really like to rent in Australia. Around 30 per cent of Australians are in the private rental property market and it's not an easy life for most.
A damning new report coauthored by CHOICE magazine, the National Association of Tenants' Organisations and National Shelter has investigated the often neglected part of the debate surrounding housing affordability.
"We've known for some time that renters' rights have been a problem in Australia," CHOICE's head of media Tom Godfrey told the Huffington Post Australia.
"It's a pretty bleak existence out there for many renters."
CHOICE wants the national housing debate to focus on not just affordability but security around rentals. Tenants are often forced to wait lengthy periods of time for urgent repairs and have trouble securing leases for more than 12 months. Renters report facing discrimination from landlords based on their gender or sexuality, or because they have children or pets.
The stats are concerning:
- 83 percent of renters in Australia have no fixed-term lease or are on a lease less than 12 months long
- 62 percent feel they're not in a position to ask for longer term rental security
- 50 percent say they have been discriminated against
- 50 percent are concerned about being 'blacklisted' by their landlord
- 21 percent of the renters who took part in the research said they had waited over a week to get a response about an urgent request for repair
Source: Unsettled: Life in Australia's private rental property market
"Choice has received many more complaints since we announced the report. Some of the stories are soul-destroying," Godfrey said.
Here are just a few horror stories from renters:
#RentinOz sewer burst under house, living above shit for 4mths, landlord/agent treated us like idiots. Had to go to hassle of NCAT to leave— Tao of Richard (@richardjwaters) February 15, 2017
Renting is miserable. Our last landlord threatened to "fix" two broken air conditioners by removing them. Instead, they were left broken. https://t.co/Lyqrr0nQLx— garthk (@garthk) February 15, 2017
@tomgodfreynews@TheTodayShow friend injured at son's new rental, slipped on wet stairs, unsafe but scared 2 say anything fear reprisal— ohsixoneoh (@ohsixoneoh) February 15, 2017
Scary stories about what it's like to #RentInOz via @choiceaustralia facebook. Full report https://t.co/nrvudPpDbgpic.twitter.com/zVucWXlJiq— Erin Turner (@ErinLTurner) February 15, 2017
Forced to live with black mould for 2 years after a pipe burst. Real Estate claimed it was "only dirt" and ignored it. #RentInOz— Jamie (@izunamii) February 15, 2017
@abcnews Oven's had the gong and doesn't work on the new gas but, because I'm renting, I'm forced to wait for the owner to replace it— Belindasmilne (@belindasmilne) February 15, 2017
Getting a rental property when you have a disability isn't easy. Landlords tend to have prejudices and stigma. #RentinOz— Cecilia J. Rucker (@CJARucker) February 15, 2017
The report documents the culture of fear around the rental market. Renters are reluctant to ask for repairs or to go to higher authorities to exercise their rights because they fear consequences, like the rent being raised or their names being added to a tenant 'blacklist'.
These lists are usually third-party databases that are meant to be reserved for tenants who have fallen behind in rent by more than the value of their bond or who have violated the terms of their lease. However, there are reports of landlords using them to screen tenants who have lodge complaints or tried to exercise their rights.
"We can't think of any other product or service in the market where you need a remedy and the company would drag its heels," Godfrey told Huffpost Australia.
The good news is there is plenty of information out there on rental rights for both tenants and landlords. The department of fair trading in your state will have information about renters' rights and what to do when there is a dispute. CHOICE also has a comprehensive list of contacts for each state and territory, including tenant associations and the appropriate tribunals where you can resolve a dispute.
The report is being handed to the Federal Parliament on Thursday in a bid to get renters' rights on the national agenda.
"There is a significant power imbalance between renters and landlords," Godfrey said.
"We'd like to see a national debate on this."


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Seminole Real Estate
Seminole is located in Alabama. Seminole, Alabama has a population of 1,427. Seminole is less family-centric than the surrounding county with 27.14% of the households containing married families with children. The county average for households married with children is 28.07%.
The median household income in Seminole, Alabama is $44,006. The median household income for the surrounding county is $50,183 compared to the national median of $53,482. The median age of people living in Seminole is 36.4 years.
Seminole Weather
The average high temperature in July is 90.4 degrees, with an average low temperature in January of 38.1 degrees. The average rainfall is approximately 65.6 inches per year, with 0.1 inches of snow per year.
View Homes for Sale in Seminole
Seminole Map
Real Estate Near Seminole
Nearby Cities
Nearby Cities Homes for Sale
Seminole Zip Codes


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Yesterday was my first day back to work in
So yep I went to work last night and it was nice. I mean I'm definitely paying for it. I got home I was exhausted my feet back head and hips hurt and I just wanted to sit on the couch and not move.
A couple days ago a good friend of mine from work texted me and asked how I was and said they had something for me and wanted to bring it out. Monday was a horrible day I kept getting sick. I was still in my pjs (shhhh I stay in my pjs alot lately) & I hadn't even combed my hair.. So I told him he really didnt want to come out that day. He told me that was ok he'd bring it to work. So last night he had his friend danielle bring the gift up to work. Him , Danielle, and Taylor had made me a little gift basket.
So let me just tell you first of all I tried really hard not to cry. It was incredibly sweet of them to think of me.I know that I get so caught up in being sick that I don't pay attention to everything else going around and for that I am truly sorry. Sorry for the missed days at work that others had to take up the slack on. the not returned calls or texts. Not visiting. And for them to take time out of there lifes to say they are thinking of me is amazing. I do have alot of truly amazing family and friends.
One of my absolute favorite things in the world even to this day to do is go through the stocking and pressies at easter and valentines day from my mom. It's almost like a tradition. she still gets us this baskets/ stocking with little odds and ends in them. But they are all chosen specifically for things we like. My husband has started trying to do that and I am thankful for that. This gift was just like that & it made me smile and my heart be filled with warmth. I looked through the basket a little while I was at work and by the time I got home I was exhausted . So this morning I opened it up to check it out.
they truly put thought into what they got. And from the bottom of my heart I thank them.
Just look at these sweet faces. I made them let me take their picture with it.. they were a little reluctant, but Im presistant ;)
The giftie -they even painted my name on it :)
jellybeans are one of the ways to my heart love them! jellybeans, airheads and a wonder woman cup...Wonder woman.. NEED I SAY MORE!
the crafter in me squealed when I saw these... scrapbook paper, sharpies, and sickers~ superhero, butterflies & baking!
& wonder woman jammie bottoms!
Cancer sux Ya'all!
~Hope is what guides us. It's what gets us through the day & especially the night


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Using many of our senses we cooked some apple sauce together!
Teaching children to cook has many many benefits. It is an amazing way to bond and make them feel included. Cooking includes many curricular concepts such as math (numbers, order, weight) and science (mixing, changing of the texture and constancy). Children also tend to try more styles of food when they are included, giving them the pride in "their" snack.
We washed the apples, and invited small groups of children to come help us use a butter knife to cut the apples into tiny pieces.
In circle we used our sense to smell the cinnamon, feel the difference between the texture of apples, cinnamon and sugar, and taste the sugar.
The Capilano Playschool children enjoy cooking at the school.
|Cutting apple playdough and learning to roll balls
The children enjoyed the science of floating and sinking in our fall water tub. It included apples of various sizes and types, cinnamon sticks, leaves, pine cones, sparkles and measuring utensils.
In the spirit of apples, we also used them to do some comparisons which is a great preschool experience for practicing math. The children got to try a sour green apple and a sweet red apple, and then tell us which one they enjoyed more.
The children were responsible to sign their own names under the colour of apple they enjoyed more. While some names were more legible than others, it was important to me that they attempted to sign their names. It helped me observe where they are when it comes to their names and how confident they are with holding a pencil. Lastly, I want them to feel proud of their name no matter how they write it. It is important that they own their name and are proud to try and write it. Being capable to write it properly will come with time in playschool with lots of exposure and practice, but it starts with the confidence to try.
|Leaf play light table
This week was read in week for our schools. I wanted to include our adorable little playschool this year so we invited some people into our classroom. Every year we invite Edmonton Public library into our program to read to us each month, so this year we booked it during read in week.
Our Principal of Haridsty K-9 instead invited us into the kindergarten room with the grade ones to hear him read "Oh the places you'll go" from Dr Seuss.
Ms Lindsay, our vice principal came in to read a book about being thankful in the spirit of Thanksgiving.
Please be sure to say hello in the halls!
The health and wellness class also had their first Yoga class with Ms Jenn from Moksha!
They became little seeds, and went through the life cycle of being a fall tree through stretching and yoga moves.
|Pumpkin spice ooblek
We mixed some cornstarch with pumpkin spice tea water and got very messy.
The children decorated a Thanksgiving turkey, drawn on sticky paper with googly eyes and feathers.
We even made our own fall spice trees. The kids used spice mixed paint to decorate small trees.
We even got to spend some time outside enjoying the warm Edmonton fall weather!
Have a wonderful Thanksgiving!
Ms Asha


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"Life in a Medieval City" is an educational nonfiction book. It covers all aspects of city life in the 12th and 13th centuries in Europe. The focus is mainly on what life was like in Troyes, France, but the authors also compare Troyes to various other European cities.
The book covers what a burgher's home was like, what life was like for the housewife, childbirth and children, weddings and funerals, small and large businesses, the doctor, the church, the cathedral, schools and scholars, books and authors (and poets), theater, disasters (including flood, famine, plagues, and war), how the town government worked, and the Champagne Fairs held in Troyes and other towns.
For students, researchers, and history lovers, a look at day-to-day life in a rarely explored era. "About life and death, midwives and funerals, business, books and authors, and town government."-Choice


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Monday, December 05, 2011
Castle in the Air
by Diana Wynne Jones
Abdullah is caught up in a life of daydreams; they're the one upside to selling carpets in his stall at the market. He imagines that he's the son of a king, stolen away at birth by ruffians, and eventually found by his father, the carpet-seller. He imagines that he's betrothed to the most beautiful princess in the world, and that they will live in a grand palace. Then, a shifty man stops by the stall, wanting to sell his magic carpet, and all Abdullah's daydreams start to come true. Even the bad ones.
Castle in the Air is a "companion" book to Howl's Moving Castle, which means that it features some of the same characters, but is not a true sequel. However, fans of Diana Wynne Jones's lighthearted stories should enjoy this book just the same--just don't expect Sophie and Howl to appear on the first page.
I didn't find myself drawn into the story as quickly as I was with Howl. The story took longer getting to the action, but the humour was there right from the first page. Jones has continued with her fairy tale stylings, using (I believe) Aladdin's Wonderful Lamp as the backbone for Castle. Since Disney's Aladdin is my only experience with the Aladdin folk tale, I can't say how she's re-shaped the narrative to give it a modern twist, but I'm sure she has.
I recommend this book to fans of modern fairy tales, and anyone who likes a quick, fun read.
Copy source: library
Genre: young adult fantasy
Format: hardcopy
View my suggested books by Diana Wynne Jones
Posted by Jessica Lowdon at 9:03 am
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Building Department
Phone: 815.937.3575 | Fax: 815.937.5606 | Hours: Mon-Fri, 8:30 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.
- Building Commissioner: Bob Steinke
- Building Inspector: Paul Hafner
- Code Enforcement Officer: Eric Cyr
- Plumbing Inspector: Mike Magruder
- Electrical Inspector: Barry Gadbois
- HVAC Inspector: Pat McConnell
- Fire Safety Inspector: Chief Ed St. Louis, Bourbonnais Fire Protection District
- Health Inspector: Kankakee County Health Department
Under the direction of Building Commissioner, the Bourbonnais Building Department is responsible for overseeing all construction and development activity in the Village of Bourbonnais.
Rental property Registration & Inspection Ordinance
The purpose of the ordinance is to improve and maintain the residential rental housing stock in the Village by the enforcement of the property maintenance code through annual registration and periodic inspections. The owner of any rental residential premises must file a landlord registration, which is required by the Village with the building department on forms provided by the Village inspector on or before May 1st of each year. You can pick up Landlord Registration forms at the Administration Building located at 600 Main St. NW, Bourbonnais, Illinois 60914 or click on Landlord Registration Form.
Building Codes
Building codes are reviewed annually to ensure the most up to date codes are enforced. Many building codes are revised every three years to reflect changes in material design, composition, and construction techniques. The Village has adopted the following Codes:
- International Building Code (2012)
- International (Residential) One and Two Family Dwelling Code (2012)
- International Mechanical Code (2012)
- International Fire Protection Code (2012)
- International Property Maintenance Code (2012)
- NEC- National Electrical Code (2014)
- Illinois State Plumbing Code (2004)
- International Fuel Gas Code (2012)
Frequently Asked Questions
Do I need a Permit?
Most construction activities require a permit. For your own protection, and best interest, it is always wise to check with the building department before beginning any construction, alterations or repair work. Failure to obtain a building permit could result in a fine or an order to stop work.
What do I need to start the procedure for my permit?
- A copy of your plat of survey showing existing and proposed structures
- Pertinent drawings or blueprints
- Contractor name, address and phone number
- Homeowner's Association info
Do I need to call for inspections?
Inspections are required for all work. It is best to call the Building Department ahead of time to schedule an inspection.
What are the office hours?
The building department is open Monday through Friday, 8:30 AM to 5:00 PM. After hours, an answering machine will take your message, and a representative of the department will get back to you.
Are there starting and stopping times for construction?
- Building Times: Start: 6:00 AM; Stop: 10:00 PM
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Why is there a need for floodplain management?
Throughout time, floods have altered the floodplain landscape. These areas are continuously shaped by the forces of water; either eroded or built up through deposit of sediment. More recently, the landscape has been altered by human development, affecting both the immediate floodplain and events downstream.
Historically, people have been attracted to bodies of water as places for living, industry, commerce and recreation. This pattern of development continued as communities grew. In recent decades, development along waterways and shorelines has been spurred by the aesthetic and recreational value of these sites. As development pressures have increased in the metropolitan areas, flood prone areas that had been avoided are now being built on.
The result being an increasing level of damage and destruction wrought by the natural forces of flooding on human development. By proper floodplain management, your community will see less damage and suffering from flooding.
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How We Hacked Production to Make a Full-Scale Spy Thriller for $100K
These non-traditional production techniques could benefit a shoot of any sized budget.
[Editor's Note: No Film School asked Joshua Caldwell to share the story behind his film 'Negative', available now on Digital HD and OnDemand.]
After making my first feature film Layover for $6000, I went on to direct a series for Hulu and my second feature film for Paramount and Studio 71. While both projects were step up from Layover budget-wise, I found myself surprisingly constricted. Even though I had 150x the budget I did on Layover, I was only given 15 shooting days on the Hulu series for 150 pages of material and 12 days (!) on the feature. I'm used to shooting fast and I definitely made it work to get the projects in the can, but it seemed like the wrong way to make a film.
It felt like we were taking a $10 million model of filmmaking and applying it to a project with a fraction of that budget. Instead of cutting down on crew or trailers or all the things that don't show up on screen, we cut down on production days and therefore on the time to shoot and get great material.
"If you passed us by while we were shooting, you probably wouldn't even know we were making a movie."
Some directors can make this work for them with great results, but I've learned it's not conducive to my process and I found myself asking, "What's the point?" Everything feels like it gets reduced to the lowest common denominator and the opportunity for discovery and consideration goes away. The chance to capture something unique and special disappears because your only goal is to "get something shot."
With my new film Negative, I was really curious if we could do something with a similar approach to Layover but with more money. Essentially, could that model be scaled up?
Finding the funding balance
Negative was ambitious to say the least—a spy thriller set on the road between Los Angeles and Phoenix with a sizable fight scene, a major shootout sequence, tons of scenes in moving cars, and practical locations galore. To pull it off, I wanted enough money to be able to actually make the film but little enough money that the company providing the funding would be okay just leaving me alone. I wanted the complete creative freedom to make the movie I wanted to make the way I wanted to make it. We were fortunate to find a willing partner in MarVista Entertainment, who agreed to provide us with the budget and leave us alone while we made the film.
Now that we had the money, to echo the words of my producer William Borthwick, "How the hell are we going to make this film for $100,000?"
It still all starts with the script
In my previous article about producing Layover I wrote:
Whether you're writing a no-budget feature or a massive $100 million blockbuster, every film needs a story. And to a large degree, that story can be told in a multitude of ways. It's something I've developed called 'Modular Storytelling.' That is, the story is the story, whether I have $1000 or $200 million. What changes is how I execute the story.
That still holds true. Negative was written by Adam Gaines, and we worked together on the development to ensure that we could both pull off what he was writing and not have him feel like he had to restrict himself too much. I knew we could pull off a solid fight scene, so we wrote one in. I knew we could pull off a contained shootout, so we wrote one in.
We kept our locations nondescript and generic like a motel, an apartment, a house in Phoenix. Places like this are cheap and a dime a dozen. We stayed away from anything that would be expensive to rent or acquire.
I also knew that we couldn't do a Bourne film on this budget. I was really interested in making a jazzy, desert noir film with thrilling elements. It was going to be character-based and dialog-heavy.
In a normal spy movie, the move from Los Angeles to Phoenix would happen in a cut. But for our film, I was curious about what these characters did for the ten hours it would take to get there. What did they talk about? How did that relationship develop? How did it change by the time they got to Phoenix? I remember my original pitch to Adam was "I want to do It Happened One Night as a spy thriller and without the romance."
Adam was the perfect guy for this because he's got a great ear for unique dialogue and relationships. Yet, because of his work on The Bridge, I knew he could go dark and violent.
Minimal production footprint = freedom
For about 60% of production, our crew consisted of three people: myself (as the director, director of photography, and camera operator), my producer Will Borthwick (helping to wrangle, put up lights, slate, whatever was needed), and a sound recordist.
For the other 40%, we'd scale up the crew as needed, sometimes adding a gaffer to make it four crew members. On big days, we'd have a stunt coordinator, stunt doubles, special FX make-up, an armorer, two gaffers/grips, and maybe a PA. I think that was as big as we got.
Instead of having a costume designer on set every day, we had Amanda Riley pre-design the wardrobe and then made the actors responsible for bringing it to set. Day players were asked to bring selections and then we just picked out looks on set. We had no production designer because we picked locations that were already dressed perfectly. Actors did their own makeup (if they even needed it).
We shot the film using as much available light (either natural or artificial) as possible, only supplementing what was already there. The biggest light we used was an ARRI 650. We never had any trucks or any trailers. In fact, if you passed us by while we were shooting, you probably wouldn't even know we were making a movie. Our footprint was that light.
"We could get into a place, shoot really quickly and then get out before people even noticed us."
What this all adds up to is freedom. We were never restricted in any way with what we were shooting. We could move easily and change locations if we needed to. We could get into a place, shoot really quickly and then get out before people even noticed us. Businesses let us use their locations cheaply because we were able to come in with a couple of people and we'd be done in a few hours without disrupting their business. I was able to shoot 360 degrees because we never had a base camp or equipment that got in the way.
By having a small production footprint, we were able to be nimble, quick on our feet, and take advantage of situations that would have been impossible with a large crew. We were able to wrap well ahead of a normal twelve-hour day, often shooting only eight or ten hours at most.
And yes, for those wondering, we did pay our cast and crew.
Minimal production footprint = a longer schedule
Because so many of our days involved only a couple of people (including actors) and no extraneous equipment or vehicles, we could largely shoot whenever we wanted and weren't restricted to a typical production schedule. Essentially, we traded a lot of people and stuff sitting around for time. And time is the most precious and valuable thing on a film set.
Our choices allowed us to have a production schedule of thirty-eight days on Negative, spread out over the course of six months. What this gave us was: time with our actors to really craft and capture great performances, a chance to try things, do a lot of takes, get a lot of coverage, and explore and discover the performance.
This timeline also gave us the chance to capture scope by shooting in a lot of different locations, to do a road trip to actually shoot our characters in Phoenix, and to find the perfect locations. It gave us time to make sure we could capture all the practical driving scenes in the best way possible. And it meant that after a big sequence, we could step back for a few days, recharge our batteries, and be ready for the next one two weeks later.
"Never once did I end a day feeling like we hadn't had the time to 'get it.'"
Never once did I end a day feeling like we hadn't had the time to "get it." Never once did I feel like we really didn't have the time to do what we needed to make the scene work. Never once was I worried we wouldn't be able to pull it off. That's the benefit of a longer schedule.
All we had to trade for this luxury was extraneous crew and trailers and trucks that were unnecessary anyway. That seems to be a totally worthwhile trade.
Decide where your resources need to go
Rather than spending the bulk of our funds on the shoots overall, we decided to put most of our resources into a couple of set pieces: a fight scene and a shootout sequence that occur in the third act. A stunt coordinator, stunt doubles, rehearsals, an armorer, the cost of weapons and blanks, permits, police, and location rentals ended up being our most expensive set pieces.
We made the deliberate choice to spend as little as possible on the majority of the film which resulted in us being able to really give those scenes the resources they needed.
Trust the camera's capabilities
One of the reasons why I wanted to DP the film myself is that I needed to try out an approach to the cinematography that I felt would result in us moving faster and giving us more time to capture more takes, rather than more time lighting. The approach is in fact very simple: bumping the ISO.
I really believe that with today's cameras, we can safely shoot well beyond 3200 ISO while accepting a minimal amount of noise. It might not work for every film, but I know it would work for mine. I felt strongly that we could step into a practically lit location that was too dim at 3200 ISO but was perfect at 5000 ISO with only a china ball or key light for our actor.
"I pushed that camera to its limits, shooting at 6400, 8000, 10000 and even higher ISOs."
I shot on the Canon C100mkII for its low-light sensitivity and the fact that I owned one, so it would always be available to me. And even though it only shot in 1080p I was okay with that. For one, we were going to finish in 1080p anyway and second, I knew that, by maintaining a 1080p workflow, I could easily integrate that into the post system I owned. (If you have a system that can handle 4K then, by all means, go for it.) I'm also a huge fan of Canon's color science and thought that it, along with the LUT I chose to use, looked really great in natural light.
I pushed that camera to its limits, shooting at 6400, 8000, 10000 and even higher ISOs. And when that camera couldn't go high enough, I looked to another Canon camera for help.
The shootout sequence at the end of the film was supposed to take place in the desert at night and I knew I couldn't get away with the ol' 10K-a-mile-away situation. I wasn't going to have a big crew and a lot of lights so I needed a camera that could see in the dark.
Because of my relationship with Canon, I was able to use the new ME-20F-SH camera, which has a max ISO of 4.5 million. It's unusable at that setting but I found that I could safely shoot at 25,000 and even 100,000 ISO and use a small amount of lighting to achieve the effect I wanted. Thus, I was able to shoot a ten-page sequence with a lot of moving parts (stunts, blank fire weapons, lots of real estate to cover) in two nights with a small crew.
I couldn't be happier with the look of the film and I think it proves that it's time to trust the capabilities of the cameras we have today in an effort to give yourself more freedom to get better material.
Words for any filmmaker
Whatever your ultimate opinion of the film is, my goal in this post was to suggest a different way of thinking about production. Maybe you don't actually need a whole lot of money and a big crew and a ton of equipment. Maybe you can make your film despite your limited resources. I hope that Negative proves the point.
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34 Comments
The third article in a row that I like very much! More of stuff like this, please!!!
September 19, 2017 at 5:23PM, Edited September 19, 5:24PM
A great read! I have been doing a similar form of shooting recently and it is nice to another filmmaker embracing the idea that less is more. I also find that less crew = less distraction for the actors allowing them to be more present during the filming.
September 19, 2017 at 8:44PM
I love your comment in the article about never feeling rushed to a shot. You were able to capture exactly what you wanted and never compromised. That is truly rare! I think that better performances are what gives films their magic and being rushed always seems to suck those special moments from the set. The new technology really is creating different ways of filming. I had a friend in the industry tell me that I needed to have a minimum of 7 crew members to get anything of quality. But, pairing down to the bare minimum is the only way I could every know what I could do without... and the answer is, I can do without a lot. Hat tip to you for completing this feature film on such a limited budget! Nice work.
September 19, 2017 at 9:29PM
Great article. I am in the midst of reading scripts and looking for my next project. I got the Canon C200 and with the right material, looking to make it shine. You're POV is very insightful. Thank you.
Wes Woodland
Str8Up Studios
PS: if you have recommendations on writer groups, I'd love your advice.
September 20, 2017 at 1:05AM
Thanks for taking the time to talk about your approach and particularly your experience working with the folks at MarVista. I worked with them on a project a year ago and it didn't go very well, but I was convinced it was the production team and not the studio. This confirms my suspicions.
This is so refreshing to hear because I am actually attempting a similar approach right now, though I'm aiming for a slightly higher budget in order to meet the threshold for Georgia's production incentive program.
I'm currently writing and producing a contained post-apocalyptic thriller limited to a handful of characters and a few simple, abundant locations, keeping the production design as minimal as possible and focusing on attaching the best talent I can.
Hearing about your success is really inspiring and helps to keep the train moving through the darkness of developing my own indie project, thanks again!
December 21, 2017 at 12:50PM
You are absolutely dead on when it comes to the iso. I don't know what school of thoughts or arrogant elitists out there think that film has and should always have a perfect clean look.
As a Cinematographer it drives me insane that people don't get that film cameras had noise back in the day and nobody cared.
I kind of laugh at myself cause in the editing world I see post processing bringing that grain right back into RED footage... wouldn't you then want to take less light then? You know instead of spending hours on building and breaking what could be a much quicker.
September 20, 2017 at 7:03AM, Edited September 20, 7:13AM
So, how can we see the film? I did not see any links to where it can be watched in the article.
September 20, 2017 at 12:02PM, Edited September 20, 12:02PM
Having worked on shoots with lots of people, or not enough and killing yourself with long days and too much work... me personally, I would of added 2 grips and 2 PA's. One of the things I like to do is while shooting one setup, have the "extra" crew either taking down the previous setup, or setting up the next shot. I agree that with higher ISOs the new good cameras can considerably reduce lighting setups. A couple LED lights - panel, lensed arrays, fresnel can easily run on a single 20A circuit, a vehicle 2kw inverter or even battery power. very liberating to be able to put a couple battery power lights up with a decent hr of run time per battery. I also like using passive lighting control - bounce cards even in the dark can kick just that little bit of light you need to get a face to pop in the shot, or sometimes hanging solids to gets some modeling out of flat light. to do that though, you do need a couple people to work efficiently.
that said I shot this short with 3 person crew of me as dir / dp, a grip / sound person, and set decorator / prop master over a weekend. Got lucky in getting amazing fall colors and real rain that fit the mood perfectly. In fact in the end scene I started to set up a silk & some lights, and had an ephinay : just turn up the ISO on my at the time C100mk1 and found I had the look I wanted with just a little bit of fill. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ngY7iGbVI-A
September 20, 2017 at 2:50PM
Articles like this are why I love No Film School. Thank you, Joshua! Truly an inspiring and informative read.
September 20, 2017 at 7:17PM, Edited September 20, 7:17PM
Did you have a problem with operating the camera and being able to direct? I feel like something has to get compromised if you are watching framing, performance, and focus on top of moving the camera. Did you have to shoot more takes than normal to compensate?
September 21, 2017 at 11:15PM
How was your experience and product different than this?
September 22, 2017 at 3:24PM
2 key questions to this IMO.
1. You owned the camera you used so that took down principle photography costs. I would wonder what that would've done to your costs in 6 months of shooting. I'm curious about that.
2. You own a post-production studio or so I read. Post is cost heavy, so not sure who did the editing, color correction, sound design, composer work, and such. That is a huge cost for indie filmmakers like myself.
I would wonder how that fits in with the 100k you got. That said, all of this is wonderful because it's all about taking "what resources do I have", "what can I write to utilize those resources to their potential" and make a movie that you can do your own way. I have bookmarked this for sure just was curious about costs.
P.S. I LOVED that you were the DP and director. That note is going to sit in my head for awhile and I'm a producer!
September 22, 2017 at 7:25PM
I would be very interested to know which lenses and which lut were used for the project.
As a C100 owner i´m always curious about that.
I guess you constantly used the Shogun to be able to record at least ProRes HQ right?
Very great and interesting article!
September 23, 2017 at 7:38AM, Edited September 23, 7:40AM
Thanks a lot for your further informations of the project.
Since yet i just watched the trailer but i´m thrilled to look the whole movie to look what you pushed out of the good old C100 mkii ;-)
You didn´t used any gimbal´s or something in that way for stabilisation? Easyrigs e.g. ?
What would be interesting to know for me too is if you were constantly manually focusing or did you make use of the C100´s DPAF for some scenes?
I for myself find it a pretty handy solution for some shots.
Clearly not for every purpose, but for some it fit´s well :)
September 24, 2017 at 12:01PM
Joshua, I enjoyed this article and I rented Layover on iTunes tonight. Halfway through it. How did you shoot the girl's eye inside the motorcycle helmet? This is a pretty amazing film for five thousand bucks. I have seen most of the Transformers films (coz I can't hardly help my dumb self) and the last one I saw, "Revenge of the Fallen" (or as Film Crit Hulk refers to it, "ROTF(L)" ... yer $5K movie is better than Bay's $200M flick.
September 24, 2017 at 12:20AM
Also, I just noticed the iTunes review for "Layover" mistakenly links to "The Layover" with a 0% rating. Might want to jump on that.
September 24, 2017 at 1:22AM
Fantastic. I love how the director wasn't caught up in the current resolution war or worries about shooting on the newest tech, and was just like, "I've got this cam, I'm gonna make it work."
But good lord, his other production of 150 pages in 15 days is nuts. Really shows he knows how to make things work. Me and a couple friends shot a 90 page feature this past July in 13 days, and I couldn't even imagine moving faster than we were. Bravo to him.
October 27, 2017 at 3:51PM


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Nino Sechi: Time to 'renew' Nathaniel Witherell
It was standing-room-only in the Town Hall auditorium Monday night.
The occasion was a public hearing on a very serious and important subject and one that's dear to my heart: the town's Nathaniel Witherell nursing home and its planned renovation program.
By the time you read this piece, you probably have digested several thousand words on the subject, called Project Renew. Every political official in the state of Connecticut, it seems, from the governor, two senators and local state legislators to current and former Greenwich selectmen on down -- both Republicans and Democrats -- have had their say in support of the program, which is projected to cost approximately $22.5 million.
More backing came in the form of the packed house at the public hearing held by the Board of Estimate and Taxation. Steve Walko, BET chairman, made it clear at the outset that the committee would not vote on the matter that evening. The issue will eventually be decided by the Representative Town Meeting, possibly at its November session.
On the personal side, I can report that my late mother-in-law was a resident of Nathaniel Witherell for over four years while living into her mid 90s. My late spouse, residing only minutes away from Witherell, was able to visit her mother almost daily during that period. The care rendered by the staff was, without question, excellent. I also have had friends that resided there until they passed away and some who are there today under the watch of an excellent, caring and dedicated staff.
According to a fact sheet released by Nathaniel Witherell, Project Renew is not a new program; its history dates back approximately 12 years. From 2002 to 2006, the plan proposed razing the present facility and constructing a smaller one. The estimated cost was $45 million, which was rejected by its board as too costly.
From 2007 to 2010, a renovation (not reconstruction) plan's cost was estimated at $37 million, but the state of Connecticut refused to issue a necessary Certificate of Need due to the state's financial condition.
Finally, last year and this year, Project Renew was downsized, and the estimated construction cost, listed at $22.5 million, was approved by the state, which stipulated it would reimburse Nathaniel Witherell for up to $12 million of the construction cost.
My hope is that the BET and RTM will move forward and approve Project Renew.
The sixth annual Zumbo Scholarship benefit walk/run held recently in Bruce Park was a huge success. One hundred-seventy-five adults, including seniors -- one age 85 -- kids in strollers and even family dogs participated in pleasant weather conditions.
Money raised by the walk goes toward the Zumbo Memorial Scholarship Fund, which awards scholarships to students who enter college and are seeking careers in fitness and health.
In the running segment, Matt Cotter, of Norwalk, was the winner in the men's event, while Linda Filar, of Old Greenwich, won for the women. The senior winner was Steve Frushtick, of Mamaroneck, N.Y.
Zumbo was the son of Prov and Carl Zumbo of Pemberwick. A personal trainer and author of "Step Up, Get Fit!!!" he died in an automobile accident in 2006. All proceeds from the book go toward scholarships as well.
The Old Timers Athletic Association of Greenwich will hold its 51st annual Sports Awards Dinner Nov. 11 at the Hyatt Regency Greenwich in Old Greenwich.
National honorees are Mike Richter, a former New York Rangers' standout and U.S. Olympian; Jim Bouton, former New York Yankees pitcher and author; and Sue Merz, of Greenwich, an Olympic gold medal winner in women's ice hockey.
Local honorees are Dave D'Andrea, Charlie Weiss, John Rogan and Angela Tammaro. The price of a ticket is the same as last year, $100. For ticket and seating information, contact Griff Harris at 203-869-9200 or via email at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Mike Aurelia, the town shellfish warden and board member of Friends of Greenwich Point, will lead a casual, low-tide walk along the point to show interesting aspects of the geological history of the area Oct. 23. There is no charge, and the public is invited to begin the walk at 2 p.m.
Last Sunday, the Greenwich Tree Conservancy, Bruce Museum and Friends of Greenwich Point co-sponsored a walk around the point led by Town Tree Warden Bruce Spaman, who identified various trees and discussed the importance of habitat preservation. More than 40 residents attended.
Nino Sechi, a Greenwich native, is a former newspaper reporter and public relations executive. He welcomes your comments via his email address, email@example.com.


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Vissla Sydney Surf Pro
Feb 26 - Mar 04, 2018
Nikki Van Dijk and Deivid Silva Win Vissla Sydney Surf Pro
Silva finds perfection to take the biggest win of his career while Van Dijk earns her second win at the event.
Competitors Face Tough Conditions at Manly
Although wave heights were low, the stakes were high as the Quarterfinalists were decided at the Vissla Sydney Surf Pro.
HIGHLIGHTS: Day 5 Action From The Vissla Sydney Surf Pro
Manly continues to provide for the second combined QS6,000 of the season.


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- Description
DetailsThese 100mm Synthetic Non-Marking Braked castors have an overall height of 135mm with a total load capacity of 90kg per castor. Its Pressed Steel bracket with Bolt Hole fitting makes it suitable for a wide variety of medium to heavy duty applications. These Braked castors are fitted with a Ball bearing to make heavier loads easier to move.
- Additional Information
Additional Information
Name 100mm Synthetic Non-Marking Rubber Bolt Hole Castor Product Code 100LWABH12TPRBJGBOX Bracket Material Pressed Steel Fitting Method Bolt Hole Style Bolt Hole Wheel Diameter (mm) 100 Tread 32 Bearing Type Ball Plate Size N/A Hole Size 9 Offset 38 Height(mm) 135 Load Capacity(Kg) 90


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1/2 cup sourdough starter, 166%
1/4 cup flour
1 tablespoon cornstarch
1/4 teaspoon baking soda
2 tablespoons water
1/2 teaspoon vanilla
1-2 cups cantaloupe diced*
Powdered sugar, optional
Orange juice, liqueur, or rum, optional
In a small bowl, combine starter, flour, cornstarch, baking soda, water and vanilla. Lumps are OK.
I found that small quarter inch pieces worked best for fitting into the tablespoon with enough batter. You could also use larger chunks or slices. Simply dip and coat them in the batter without the need for a tablespoon. I did that with a few pieces.


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2) In a small bowl, combine cheese and Italian seasoning.
3) Roll each individual biscuit into a ball. Dip each piece in the 110g of melted butter, then coat with the cheese mixture. Place dough into prepared pan; overlapping will occur.
4) Bake bread, 30 to 35 minutes. Cover with aluminum foil during the last 10 minutes of baking to prevent excess browning, if needed.
5) Let cool in pan, 10 minutes; invert bread onto a serving plate. Drizzle remaining 50g melted butter on top and sprinkle with grated Parmesan.


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Elevate life. Elevate living. Earthy hand soap effectively cleans soiled hands with a luxurious blend of bio-based plant-derived, nontoxic ingredients, from Mother Earth herself.
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Scent Orange Blossom Size 17 fl. oz.
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Water, Sodium Coco-Sulfate (coconut-based surfactant), Cocamidopropylamine Oxide (coconut-based surfactant), Lauryl Glucoside (plant-based surfactant), Cocamidopropyl Betaine (coconut-based surfactant), Sodium Citrate (plant-based water softener), Glycerin (plant-based humectant), Coco-Glucoside (moisturizer & humectant), Glyceryl Oleate (moisturizer & humectant), Phenoxyethanol (synthetic preservative), Citrus Grandis (Grapefruit) Oil, Natural Orange Blossom Oil.
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- Greywater and septic system safe
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- Free of animal byproducts and never tested on animals
- Made in the USA


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Keynote Video: EPFL Uses Simulation to Design a Hyperloop Pod
Brianne Costa January 22, 2019
The EPFLoop team took the stage at the COMSOL Conference 2018 Lausanne with their hyperloop pod design, setting it down for the crowd to see. Learn about the different ways that the team of students and faculty from the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, led by Mario Paolone and including Nicòlo Riva, Zsófia Sajó, and Dr. Lorenzo Benedetti, used multiphysics simulation to land in the top spot for hyperloop design at the 2018 SpaceX competition.Lire la Suite
Brianne Costa January 21, 2019
In a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) scenario, the fluid can affect the structure, the structure can affect the fluid flow, or both. When modeling a device that relies on FSI, you may want to simulate one of these options, a combination, or all three. The Fluid-Structure Interaction multiphysics coupling in the COMSOL® software makes it easy to implement FSI in your analyses. In this blog post, we study the flow through a ball check valve for different flow directions and pressures.Lire la Suite
Thomas Forrister January 18, 2019
You just got the latest smartphone, game console, or tablet. Eager to use it, you set it down to read the directions — but your child grabs it and starts shaking it around. The good news is that the device probably still works, as the internal electronic components have to be certified to function after experiencing certain shock loads. To analyze the shock response of an electronic part (like a circuit board), engineers can use numerical modeling.Lire la Suite
Prashant Srivastava January 9, 2019
Various machinery, such as engines, pumps, and turbines, employ components that transmit the load between the solid parts that are in relative motion. Common examples are piston rings, cams, gear teeth, and (of course) bearings. Often, these components are lubricated by maintaining an oil film between the two solid parts to minimize the friction and wear. In this blog post, we look at methods for modeling the fluid friction in lubricated joints.Lire la Suite
Kristian Ejlebjærg Jensen January 4, 2019
Engineers are given significant freedom in their pursuit for lightweight structural components in airplanes and space applications, so it makes sense to use methods that can exploit this freedom, making topology optimization a popular choice in the early design phase. This method often requires regularization and special interpolation functions to get meaningful designs, which can be a nuisance to both new and experienced users. To simplify the solution of topology optimization problems, the COMSOL® software contains a density topology feature.Lire la Suite
Thomas Forrister December 26, 2018
Radioactive materials have a long half-life, so they must be stored safely — usually in steel drums. These drums are then stored in confinement systems, which are designed with safety in mind (so that they can resist, for instance, a fire event exceeding two hours). Sogin, the state-owned company responsible for the Italian nuclear sites decommissioning and radioactive waste management, evaluated the fire resistance of a confinement system overpack using the COMSOL Multiphysics® software.Lire la Suite
Pawan Soami December 6, 2018
Composite materials are heterogeneous materials composed of at least two integrated components. Among the different types of composite materials, layered composite materials are quite common and are widely used for aircraft, spacecraft, wind turbine, automobile, marine, buildings, and safety equipment use cases. The Composite Materials Module, add-on to the COMSOL Multiphysics® software, includes built-in features and functionality specifically designed for studying layered composite structures. Fiber-reinforced plastics, laminated plates, and sandwich panels are a few common examples of layered composite materials.Lire la Suite
Thomas Forrister November 14, 2018
In the 1615 novel Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes, the titular character, who fantasizes about being a medieval knight, mistakes windmills for giants and charges at them, only to get his lance stuck in one of the sails. While modern wind turbine blades don't have to withstand that kind of pointed force, it's important to perform stress and modal analyses of blade designs to account for various — and more realistic — structural and environmental loads.Lire la Suite
Mats Danielsson November 7, 2018
Material deposition is an essential ingredient in certain manufacturing processes, including welding and additive manufacturing. Say that you want to simulate such a manufacturing process. A challenge that you will face during the simulation is depositing material in a way that introduces it in a state of zero stress. Here, we look at the Activation functionality in the COMSOL Multiphysics® software and how it facilitates the simulation of material deposition.Lire la Suite
Christopher Boucher November 5, 2018
Modern optical systems are often required to operate in harsh environments, including high altitudes, space, underwater, and in laser and nuclear facilities. Such optical systems are subjected to structural loads and extreme temperatures. The most accurate way to fully capture these environmental effects is through numerical simulation via a structural-thermal-optical performance (STOP) analysis. STOP analysis is the quintessential multiphysics problem. In this blog post, we show how to combine structural, thermal, and optical effects using the COMSOL Multiphysics® software.Lire la Suite
Thomas Forrister October 24, 2018
During routine exams, eye care professionals look for common refractive errors like nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. As patients age, doctors also look for presbyopia, a loss of the accommodative amplitude that results long-term in a complete loss of the near vision. The visual accommodation process is complex, and useful eye properties needed to improve diagnosis and presbyopia treatment are difficult to obtain. To address the problem of measuring the refractive index of the lens, researchers developed a reverse engineering technique […]Lire la Suite


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Headlight - 1ALHL007481ALHL00748
Part Details
- Light Option: Chrome Bezel
- RH (Passenger Side)
- Replaces dealer part numbers: 5L3Z-13008-AB, 5L3Z13008AB
- Includes lens and housing
- DOT (Department of Transportation) & SAE (Society of Engineers) Approved
- Bulbs not included
- Built to strict quality control standards
- Chrome Bezel
Direct fit replacement for OEM assemblyTrouble-free Installation
Uses same wiring as original assembly. No cutting or splicing required.DOT and SAE Compliant
Meets federal regulations for on-road use
Item Condition:
Attention California Customers:
WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including Chromium (Hexavalent Compounds), which is known to the State of California to cause cancer, and birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information, go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.
Lifetime Warranty
This item is backed by a Limited Lifetime Warranty. In the event this item should fail due to manufacturing defects during intended use, we will exchange the part free of charge (excludes shipping charges) for the original purchaser.
Bulb Note:
These lights do not include bulbs. If you happen to receive a product with bulbs, the bulbs are for testing and not covered under our warranty. Our warranty applies to the light assembly only.
step : Handling the Bulbs (0:35)
- Note: DO NOT TOUCH the bulbs- the oil from your fingers will burn into the light and foul your bulb.
- Clean with rubbing alcohol and a soft cloth if the bulbs do get touched.
step : Remove the old head light assembly (0:52)
- Pop the hood and secure it.
- Unscrew the small screw securing the gasket on the side of the head light assembly.
- Remove the two 10 mm screws securing the head light assembly.
- Remove the Phillips screw at the top of the headlight assembly.
- Pull up on the clip at the top of the head light assembly and remove it.
- Unplug the bulbs and harness.
step : Install the new head light assembly (3:15)
- Plug in your bulbs, replacing them with new ones if necessary.
- Reconnect the harness by clipping it in.
- Line up the head light assembly and clip it into place.
- Bolt in the Phillips screw and the two 10 mm bolts with your socket and ratchet.
- Secure the gasket with your Phillips screwdriver.
- Close the hood and enjoy your new 1A Auto headlights.
Tools needed for replacement:
- Ratchet
- Phillips Head Screwdriver
- 10mm Socket
Ratchets & Related
Screwdrivers & Related
Sockets - Metric
|F150 Truck
|Ford F150 Truck New Body Style Chrome Bezel Headlight Passenger Side
|F150 Truck
|Ford F150 Truck Chrome Bezel Headlight Passenger Side
|F150 Truck
|Ford F150 Truck (excluding Harley Davidson Edition) Chrome Bezel Headlight Passenger Side
|F150 Truck
|Ford F150 Truck Chrome Bezel Headlight Passenger Side
|Mark LT
|Lincoln Mark LT Chrome Bezel Headlight Passenger Side
Part #: 1ALHL00748
Order must be placed by 4pm ET
Get it in: 2 - 4 Business Days
Want it sooner? Choose Next Day Air at Checkout


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Vacuoles vs Vesicles
A cell is like a bag of chemicals. It is capable of survival and self replication. The cell is separated from the external environment by the cell membrane, which is a very thin membrane. The cell contains various types of organelles in its cytoplasm. These organelles include the nucleus, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, centrioles, vesicles etc.
What is Vacuole?
A vacuole appears like a thin membrane bound sac. It is a fluid filled sac. Vacuoles found in animal cells are relatively small vacuoles. Common vacuoles found in animal cells are phagocytic vacuoles, food vacuoles, contractile vacuoles etc. In plant cells, the vacuoles found are very large. The vacuole is very significant in those cells especially in parenchyma cells. The membrane surrounding the vacuole is called the tonoplast. The fluid found inside the vacuole is called the cell sap. The cell sap includes mineral salts, sugars, organic acids, oxygen, carbon dioxide, pigments, waste and certain secondary metabolites. Water enters the vacuole by osmosis through the partially permeable tonoplast. When water enters the vacuole a pressure builds inside the vacuole. Then the cytoplasm is pushed towards the cell wall. This is important in cell growth as well as in normal water relations of the plant. The pigments that are found inside the vacuoles are responsible for the color of flowers, fruits, buds and leaves. The colors of these structures are important to attract animals for seed dispersal and pollination. Sometimes plant vacuoles contain hydrolytic enzymes. When the cell becomes aged the tonoplast loses its partial permeability and the hydrolytic enzymes escape to the cytoplasm causing autolysis. Waste products and certain secondary metabolites also get accumulated in the vacuoles with time. Vacuoles also contain food reserves such as sugars and mineral salts which are used by the cytoplasm when required.
What is Vesicle?
Vesicle is also a sac, which is enclosed by a thin membrane. Those vesicles are used to store materials that can be naturally prepared or artificially prepared liposomes. Most vesicles have a specialized function allocated to them to be performed. Vesicles that are separated from the cytoplasm by one phospholipid bilayer are called unilamellar vesicles. The vesicles separated from the cytoplasm by more than one phospholipid bilayer are called multilamellar vesicles. Vesicles can perform different functions such as storage, transport and digestion of waste products. The membrane enclosing the vesicle is similar in nature to the plasma membrane. Therefore, the membrane of the vesicle can fuse with the plasma membrane, which allows the vesicle to release its products to the exterior of the cell. Since the vesicles are separated from the cytoplasm, sometimes, different conditions can be maintained inside the vesicles. Vesicles are sometimes used as chambers of chemical reactions. There are different types of vesicles such as vacuoles, lysosomes, transport vesicles, secretory vesicles and other types of vesicles.
What is the difference between Vacuole and Vesicle?
• Vacuoles are a type of vesicles. It is mostly a water-filled vesicle.
• All vacuoles can be categorized as vesicles, but not all vesicles are vacuoles because, in addition to vacuoles, vesicles include lysosomes, transport vesicles, secretory vesicles etc.


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Here is a lap around the beautiful Monaco circuit in the Mercedes SLS AMG in Assetto Corsa v0.22.6
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[URL=https://www.racedepartment.com/media/videos/mercedes-sls-hoonage-at-monaco.5454/]Mercedes SLS hoonage at Monaco[/URL] by [URL=https://www.racedepartment.com/media/authors]Michael Hornbuckle[/URL] on RaceDepartment