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China s Approval Process for Inbound Foreign Direct Investment: Impact on Market Access, National Treatment and Transparency
- Cornelius Evans
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1 China s Approval Process for Inbound Foreign Direct Investment: Impact on Market Access, National Treatment and Transparency
2 Copyright 2012 by the United States Chamber of Commerce. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form print, electronic, or otherwise without the express written permission of the publisher. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce is the world s largest business federation representing the interests of more than 3 million businesses of all sizes, sectors, and regions, as well as state and local chambers and industry associations.
3 A Message Impact from on Market the Access, National Treatment, and Transparency U.S. Chamber of Commerce This is the second of two U.S. Chamber of Commerce reports intended to promote deeper understanding and highlight the importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) between the United States and China. The U.S. Chamber believes that increasing two-way FDI can yield significant benefits for both countries. Increased FDI has already led to greater economic growth, more jobs, and expanded opportunities in both China and the United States. It has strengthened the relationship between the world s two largest economies and has led to greater global stability and prosperity. The first report, Faces of Chinese Investment in the United States, aimed to promote greater Chinese investment into the United States and help demystify the U.S. investment climate for Chinese business leaders interested in the American market. In addition to sharing the wisdom of Chinese manufacturers, service providers, and business leaders who run state-owned and private companies both large and small, the report made the case for why Chinese investment in the United States helps ordinary Americans. This second report, based upon research conducted by Covington & Burling at the U.S. Chamber s request, includes a detailed analysis of China s inbound FDI approval process and discusses implications for U.S. companies related to market access, national treatment, and transparency in China. Arguably the most comprehensive and detailed work published to date on China s inbound FDI approval process, the report draws extensively on interviews conducted with a number of foreign companies doing business in China. It also compares China s inbound FDI approval process with the process China uses to approve investments by domestic investors, as well as with the measures that exist in the United States for reviewing inbound FDI. We hope that this second report will help to inform stakeholders in both countries about the challenges that exist for U.S. and other foreign firms investing in China. We also hope it will stimulate discussion regarding solutions that could reduce barriers to investment in a manner that contributes to China s development and economic rebalancing objectives. Negotiating a high-standard U.S.-China bilateral investment treaty (BIT) with these issues in mind would be a promising way to expand two-way investment. The U.S. Chamber looks forward to supporting the efforts of both governments to reach an agreement that achieves the substantive objectives of the 2012 U.S. Model BIT. This will require taking fully into account the characteristics of China s inbound FDI approval regime outlined in this report. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce believes strongly in keeping the U.S. economy open to foreign investment, as it is in our own best interests. There are voices in the United States whose response to restrictions on American companies abroad is to propose new trade and investment restrictions of our own. The U.S. Chamber opposes such an approach but proactive steps by China to liberalize its own investment regime and further welcome inbound FDI into China would nevertheless help broaden support in the U.S. for increased inbound Chinese investment. Sincerely, Tami Overby Vice President, Asia U.S. Chamber of Commerce Jeremie Waterman Executive Director, China & Senior Policy Advisor, Asia U.S. Chamber of Commerce i U.S. Chamber of Commerce U.S. Chamber of Commerce i
4 Table of Contents I. Executive Summary... 1 II. China s World Trade Organization Commitments Related to Approval of Inbound FDI... 5 A. Elimination of Trade-Distorting Conditions on Investment... 5 B. Market Access... 5 C. National Treatment... 6 D. Transparency... 6 E. Appeal Process... 7 III. China s Approval Process for Inbound FDI... 8 A. Pre-Establishment Approval Process Foreign Investment Catalogue Industrial Policies Obtaining Government Approval... 9 a) General Investment Approval Process STEP 1.1: AML Review of Concentrations STEP 1.2: National Security Review STEP 2: AIC Name Pre-Approval STEP 3: Receipt of Various Site-Related Opinion Letters STEP 4: DRC Project Approval STEP 5: Commerce Department Approval STEP 6: License of the Industry Regulator (if applicable) STEP 7: AIC Enterprise Registration STEP 8: Other Administrative Registrations NOTE: Variances in the General Investment Approval Processes b) Alternative Approval Processes for Certain Service Industries Direct Industry Regulator Approval (with no Commerce Department approval) Commerce Department Approval (with no other industry regulator input required) Industry Regulator Pre-Approval and Commerce Department Approval Commerce Department Approval (with input from the industry regulator) ii U.S. Chamber of Commerce
5 B. Approval Processes for Post-Establishment Expansion AML and National Security Review Expansion Adding New Products a) Industry Regulator Approval b) Business Scope Amendment Expansion Adding New Branches C. Strategic Investment in Chinese Publicly Traded Companies STEP 1: SASAC Approval (if applicable) STEP 2: DRC Foreign Investment Approval STEP 3: MOFCOM Share Purchase Approval STEP 4: Open a Foreign Exchange Account and Apply/File with CSRC STEP 5: Complete the Share Purchase STEP 6: Obtain MOFCOM FIE Certificate STEP 7: AIC Amendment of Company Registration and Receipt of Business License for a Foreign-Invested Enterprise STEP 8: Other Administrative Registrations D. NDRC-Proposed Amendments to the Foreign Investment Approval Process IV. Appeal Process A. Procedure and Grounds for Overturning an Administrative Decision Administrative Reconsideration Administrative Lawsuit B. Practical Limits V. China s Approval Processes for Domestic Investors and the Question of National Treatment A. Approval Processes Determining What Governmental Approval Is Required Approval Process for Industries in the Domestic Catalogue Approval Process for Industries Not in the Domestic Catalogue B. Comparison with the Approval Processes for Foreign Investors VI. Issues that Arise During the Inbound FDI Approval Process A. Industrial Policies Favoring Domestic Competitors Fostering National Champions Selective Use of Foreign Capital U.S. Chamber of Commerce iii
6 Table of Contents B. Relatively Opaque Inbound FDI Approval Processes Written and Unwritten Regulatory Barriers Deal-Specific Conditions of Investment Approval C. Lack of Effective Recourse VII. Contrast to U.S. Approval Processes for Inbound FDI A. Approval Processes that Affect Foreign and Domestic Investors Equally Antitrust Review Industry Regulator Approvals a) Investments in Many Industries Do Not Require Industry Regulator Approval b) Examples Where Industry Regulator Approvals Are Required Telecommunications Industry Renewable Energy Industry Banking Industry Securities-Related Approvals and Disclosures B. Approval Processes that Apply Only to or Disparately Affect Foreign Investors National Security Review CFIUS Examples Where Industry Regulator Approvals Disparately Affect Foreign Investors a) Telecommunications Industry b) Renewable Energy Industry c) Banking Industry C. Appeal Processes VIII. Addressing Concerns Related to China s Inbound FDI Approval Process A. Industrial Policies that Foster Domestic Industries and National Champions B. Inbound Foreign Investment Approval Processes Designed to Support Industrial Policies Reducing the Number of Required Approvals Increasing Transparency in the Foreign Investment Approval Process C. Limited Effectiveness of China s Administrative and Judicial Review Processes IX. Conclusion iv U.S. Chamber of Commerce
7 Charts Chart 1: General Approval Process for Inbound FDI Chart 2: Ultimate Approval Authorities for Inbound FDI Chart 3: Alternative Approval Process for Inbound FDI in Certain Service Industries Chart 4: Approval Process to Add New Branches Chart 5: Project Approval Authorities for Domestic Investment Chart 6: Approval Process for Domestic Investment in Industries in the Domestic Catalog U.S. Chamber of Commerce v
8 China s Approval Process for Inbound Foreign Direct Investment Impact on Market Access, National Treatment, and Transparency I. Executive Summary China s approval process for inbound foreign direct investment (FDI) 1 drives many of the headline economic issues currently being discussed between China and its trading partners, as well as internally within China. A central feature of government-to-government talks is the concern, often expressed by foreign companies, that aspects of China s inbound investment approval process impede their investment in China, extract valuable commercial concessions as a price for market entry, and favor domestic over foreign companies. While some Chinese policy-makers believe these approval processes are helping China achieve its industrial policy and economic development goals, others believe that the time has come to rethink the state-directed development model China has relied on for the past 30 years, especially given slowing gross domestic product (GDP) growth, 2 declining inbound FDI, 3 and lagging competitiveness of state-owned enterprises. 4 In particular, a February 2012 report published jointly by the Development Research Center of the State Council and the World Bank argues that in order for China to avoid the middle-income trap and further advance its economy, it must undertake fundamental reforms and move to complete its transition to a market economy. 5 China and the U.S. recently demonstrated their shared interest in further promoting bilateral investment by announcing in May 2012, at the Fourth Meeting of the U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S&ED IV), their decision to restart negotiations on a bilateral investment treaty (BIT). 6 BIT discussions are also under way between China and the European Union (EU). 7 Foreign investors are closely watching these negotiations and other interactions between the governments on these issues, as they may directly affect market access and opportunities to do business in China. 1 The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) defines FDI as investment by a resident entity in one economy that reflects the objective of obtaining a lasting interest in an enterprise resident in another economy. The lasting interest implies the existence of a long-term relationship between the direct investor and the enterprise and a significant degree of influence by the direct investor on the management of the enterprise. The ownership of at least 10% of the voting power, representing the influence by the investor, is the basic criterion used en&containerItemId=/content/serial/ &accessItemIds=&mimeType=text/h (Last accessed: September 12, 2012). See also OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment - 4th Edition, 2008, (Last accessed: September 12, 2012). 2 See, e.g., China Q2 GDP Growth 7.6 percent, Slowest in 3 Years, Thomson Reuters, July 12, 2012, (Last accessed: September 17, 2012). 3 See, e.g., Sliding Investment in China Signals Confidence Waning, Bloomberg News, August 16, 2012, news/ /china-s-july-fdi-falls-8-7-from-year-earlier-to-7-58-billion.html (Last accessed: September 17, 2012) ( Foreign direct investment in China fell to the lowest level in two years in July [2012]. Investment declined 8.7 percent from a year earlier to $7.58 billion, the eighth drop in nine months and the smallest inflow since July ) 4 The Nature, Performance, and Reform of State-Owned Enterprises, Unirule Institute of Economics, April 12, 2011, org.cn/html/passedres/ html (Last accessed: September 14, 2012). 5 China 2030: Building a Modern, Harmonious, and Creative High-Income Society, Development Research Center of the State Council and the World Bank Group, February 27, 2012, (Last accessed: September 9, 2012). 6 Joint US-China Economic Track Fact Sheet - Fourth Meeting of the US-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue, US Department of Treasury, May 4, 2012, (Last accessed: September 8, 2012). 7 China, EU to Seek Bilateral Investment Treaty, Chinese Government s Official Web Portal, July 14, 2011, (Last accessed: September 8, 2012). Japan, Korea, and Canada have also recently completed investment agreements with China, though these agreements do not address market access issues. U.S. Chamber of Commerce 1
9 China s Approval Process for Inbound Foreign Direct Investment To fully understand and address the concerns of all of the interested parties in these discussions, it is necessary to understand the various elements of China s inbound investment approval process and the stages in the process where the perceived problems arise. This process potentially involves eight different types of approvals, though the process varies somewhat based on industry and locale, whether the investment is in certain services industries, and whether it involves the purchase of a strategic interest in a Chinese publicly traded company. The types of approvals and corresponding approval authorities are as follows: TYPE A: Anti-Monopoly Law Review of Concentrations Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) TYPE B: National Security Review MOFCOM and a Ministerial Panel TYPE C: Name Pre-Approval and Enterprise Registration Administration of Industry and Commerce TYPE D: Local Site-Related Opinion Letters Land and Resources Department, Environmental Protection Department, Planning Department, and the State-Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission TYPE E: Project Approval National or local Development and Reform Commission or State Council TYPE F: Foreign Investment Approval MOFCOM or local Commerce Department TYPE G: Regulatory Approval Relevant industry regulator, if applicable TYPE H: Approval of Strategic Investment in a Chinese Publicly Traded Company MOFCOM and China Securities Regulatory Commission, if applicable According to interviews conducted under condition of anonymity with a number of foreign companies doing business in China, the four types of approval most likely to create market access, national treatment, and related challenges for potential foreign investors are the Anti-Monopoly Law Review, Project Approval, Foreign Investment Approval, and Regulatory Approval. Moreover, the foreign companies interviewed reported three characteristics of China s foreign investment approval process that appear to foster and facilitate these challenges: Industrial policies explicitly designed to support the development of domestic industries and the creation of national champions; Relatively opaque inbound FDI approval processes explicitly mandated to help China achieve its industrial policy goals; and Lack of effective recourse, in many cases, if aspiring foreign investors believe that the approval authorities have not complied with World Trade Organization ( WTO ) commitments or China s own regulations, given difficulties with producing evidence and fears of retaliation if complaints are lodged against approval authorities. 8 8 U.S. Ambassador to the WTO Michael Punke raised the problem of retaliation in a speech on November 30, 2011, when he said, China s trading partners have heard from their enterprises on too many occasions that Chinese regulatory authorities threaten to withhold necessary approvals or take other retaliatory actions against foreign enterprises if they speak out against problematic Chinese policies or are perceived as responding cooperatively to their governments efforts to challenge them. In recent years, a pattern also has seemed to emerge of the Chinese government s reflexive resort to trade actions in response to legitimate actions taken by the United States or other trading partners under their trade remedies laws. 2 U.S. Chamber of Commerce
10 Impact on Market Access, National Treatment, and Transparency Given these three characteristics of the approval process, the result has sometimes been the application of vaguely written or unpublished rules in ways that restrict or unreasonably delay market entry by foreign companies, including in industries where China has made market access commitments. In other cases, government regulators have, in effect, blocked foreign investment in specific industry sectors simply by failing to promulgate investment and licensing approval requirements applicable to foreign investors in those sectors, as in the case of electronic payment services. Other times, approval authorities have orally communicated deal-specific conditions for investment approval beyond those required by written law, clearly for the benefit of the local joint venture partner. Comparisons between China s inbound and domestic investment approval processes and between the inbound investment approval processes of China and the U.S. suggest that one way China could reform its current inbound investment approval processes could be to reduce the number of approvals required. For example, China could decide To implement more fully the principle of national treatment by applying the same approval process for inbound investment that it applies to domestic investors (except that inbound investment would still be subject to a possible national security review, as is the case for inbound investment into the U.S.); or To implement more fully the principle of reciprocity by eliminating completely the two types of approvals required for China inbound investment that are most related to China s industrial policy goals and that are not required for inbound investment in the U.S. (namely, project approval by the national or local Development and Reform Commission or State Council, and foreign investment approval by MOFCOM or the local Commerce Department). Other avenues for reforming China s inbound investment approval process could be through improving transparency and the effectiveness of the administrative and judicial appeal processes. Options could include Adopting further specific measures, in consultation with all stakeholders including foreign investors, to implement demonstrably and fully China s WTO and bilateral commitments related to transparency; Establishing clear criteria for administrative approval and denial; and Issuing strong assurances by senior leaders, with concomitant instructions to lower officials, that investors use of these review processes will not be viewed negatively by China s approval authorities and will not be discouraged. The ongoing U.S. and EU BIT negotiations with China provide an opportune context for exploring the necessity, benefits, and prospects of these and other possible reforms. The U.S. Model BIT, for example, sets out U.S. goals and expectations on a number of relevant issues important to investors, including National Treatment (Article 3), Performance Requirements (Article 8), Publication of Laws and Decisions Respecting Investment (Article 10), Transparency (Article 11), Review and Appeal (Article 11(7)), and investor-state and state-state dispute settlement (Sections B and C). In each negotiation with a potential BIT partner, U.S. negotiators must seek agreement on a final text that This type of conduct is at odds with fundamental principles of the WTO s rules-based system. The United States strongly urges China to eliminate any basis for these adverse perceptions. All WTO Members need to encourage not discourage foreign enterprises that want to shed light on policies they perceive to be problematic. And, if a WTO Member believes a trade action taken by another Member raises concerns, procedures provided by the WTO, such as the WTO s dispute settlement mechanism, are available to try to resolve those concerns. (Last accessed: September 17, 2012). U.S. Chamber of Commerce 3
11 China s Approval Process for Inbound Foreign Direct Investment achieves the substantive objectives of these provisions, while maintaining a balance of commitments that is acceptable to both parties. In BIT negotiations with China, this will require taking fully into account the characteristics of China s inbound FDI approval regime outlined in this report. 9 To the extent that China s economic policymakers believe that industrial policies favoring domestic companies over foreign investors are in China s best interest, China is unlikely to carry out the kinds of comprehensive reforms that foreign investors believe are needed to address their fundamental concerns. In this respect, some recent developments have not been encouraging to foreign investors. For example, the 2011 revisions to the Catalogue of Industries for Guiding Foreign Investment liberalize investment restrictions in only a small number of sectors and actually institute new limitations in others, 10 while a new 2011 national security review for inbound FDI scrutinizes investments for their impact on economic security and social stability. 11 However, foreign investors were heartened by China s S&ED IV commitments to: (i) implement a more proactive opening-up strategy and expand the areas open to foreign investment and the degree of openness ; and (ii) develop a market environment of fair competition for enterprises of all kinds of ownership and to provide non-discriminatory treatment for enterprises of all kinds of ownership in terms of regulatory policies. 12 As China considers how best to implement these new commitments, foreign governments, industry associations, and individual companies will have greater impact if they can present hard economic data and compelling arguments showing that proposed policy changes and trade and investment agreements will contribute significantly to China s own economic development and more sustainable relations with its trade and investment partners. In the meantime, there are many related questions that could usefully be explored further. For example, this report does not include detailed analyses of Chinese approval policies and practices for specific industries where WTO commitments exist related to market access, national treatment, and elimination of trade-distorting conditions on investment. Nor does it include detailed comparisons between Chinese and U.S. approval policies and practices for such industries, or substantive economic analyses demonstrating the impact of different approaches on economic development. Such analyses and comparisons could help facilitate future constructive discussions on these topics between government officials and industry representatives from both countries. 9 For example, phrases such as wherever possible and in accordance with domestic procedures in Article 11(6) of the US Model BIT may prove too vague to ensure sufficient transparency in China s investment approval process, including ensuring that regulators adhere to reasonable timelines in approval decisions and provide rationales in writing for administrative decisions on particular covered investments. 10 Catalogue of Industries for Guiding Foreign Investment (2011 Revision) (National Development and Reform Commission and Ministry of Commerce, Order No. 12, 2011). See also Final 2011 Catalogue Offers Few New Openings for Foreign Investment, The US-China Business Council - China Market Intelligence, January 11, 2012, cmi/2012/january/11/02.html (Last accessed: September 17, 2012) ( The retention of many of the previous investment restrictions is disappointing, but not a surprise. Given China s desire to increase investment in the United States and other markets, however, the new catalogue represents a missed opportunity to reduce investment barriers at a time when investment issues are gaining more attention in the bilateral relationship. ) 11 Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Launching the Security Review System for Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, Section 1 (General Office of the State Council, Order No. 6, 2011). 12 Joint US-China Economic Track Fact Sheet - Fourth Meeting of the US-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue, US Department of Treasury, May 4, 2012, (Last accessed: September 8, 2012). 4 U.S. Chamber of Commerce
12 Impact on Market Access, National Treatment, and Transparency II. CHINA S WTO COMMITMENTS RELATED TO APPROVAL OF INBOUND FDI Before describing China s current approval process for inbound FDI in detail, it is useful to review the commitments China made with respect to this process as part of its accession to the WTO in December Although China s policies guiding investment in selected industries are generally not affected by its WTO accession agreements, 13 China committed to eliminating certain trade-distorting conditions on investment, to granting market access and national treatment to foreign companies in a wide range of industries, and to improving overall transparency in the investment approval process. These commitments are memorialized in the Report of the Working Party on the Accession of China (Working Party Report), and most relate to the WTO s General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). Specific commitments include the following: A. Elimination of Trade-Distorting Conditions on Investment In response to concerns expressed by other WTO members, the Working Party Report reflects China s commitment to ensure that permission for investment in general... would not be conditional upon performance requirements set by national or sub-national authorities, or subject to secondary conditions covering, for example, the conduct of research, the provision of offsets or other forms of industrial compensation including specified types or volumes of business opportunities, the use of local inputs, or the transfer of technology. 14 China also committed that consistent with its obligations under the WTO Agreement and the Draft Protocol, the freedom of contract of enterprises would be respected by China, 15 and the terms and conditions of technology transfer, production processes, or other proprietary knowledge, particularly in the context of an investment, would only require agreement between the parties to the investment. 16 In addition, permission to invest... would be granted without regard to the existence of competing Chinese domestic suppliers. 17 B. Market Access Market access commitments related to inbound FDI are described primarily in China s Schedule of Specific Commitments on Services (Services Schedule), which is an annex to the Protocol on the Accession of the People s Republic of China (Protocol). 18 Except as otherwise expressly specified in the Services Schedule or elsewhere in the accession agreements, 19 China committed to grant broad market access and national treatment to foreign companies in specific services sectors listed in the Services Schedule, including through the establishment of a commercial presence in China. 13 China s accession agreements include the Protocol on the Accession of the People s Republic of China (WT/L/432, November 23, 2001) and the Report of the Working Party on the Accession of China (WT/ACC/CHN/49, October 1, 2001). 14 Working Party Report, Para Ibid. 16 Ibid., Para Ibid., Para Annex 9 of the Protocol, Schedule of Specific Commitments on Services List of Article II Exemptions, circulated in documents WT/ACC/CHN/49/Add. 2 and WT/MIN(01)/3/Add For example, in Annex 1, licensing criteria for basic telecommunications services were specified. U.S. Chamber of Commerce 5
13 China s Approval Process for Inbound Foreign Direct Investment Given that market access in some service sectors is conditioned in the Services Schedule upon the foreign party entering into a joint venture with a local Chinese party, some members of the WTO Working Party expressed concern regarding the existing practice of imposing conditions on the Chinese companies that were allowed to partner with foreign service suppliers, noting that this could amount to de facto quotas, as the number of potential partners meeting those conditions might be limited. 20 To address this concern, China confirmed that a foreign service supplier would be able to partner with any Chinese entity of its choice, including outside the sector of operation of the joint venture, as long as the Chinese partner was legally established in China. In such cases, the joint venture would be required to meet the prudential and specific sectoral requirements, on the same basis as those for domestic enterprises, and that these requirements must be publicly available. 21 Outside of the service sectors, specific market access commitments were also made with respect to investment in the automotive sector. 22 C. National Treatment For sectors included in the Services Schedule, China committed to accord services and service suppliers of any other [WTO] Member, in respect of all measures affecting the supply of services, treatment no less favorable than that it accords to its own like services and service suppliers, unless exceptions to national treatment are specified in the Services Schedule for the particular sector. 23 For example, in some sectors, China provided in the Services Schedule that foreign service providers including those operating through a commercial presence in China must meet specific professional qualifications or follow licensing procedures that differ from those required for domestic suppliers. D. TransparencY In addition to making generally applicable commitments to improve transparency following accession to the WTO, 24 China committed to ensure that China s licensing procedures and conditions would not act as barriers to market access and would not be more trade restrictive than necessary. 25 In addition, China committed that for those services included in the Services Schedule, it would ensure that China s licensing procedures and conditions were published prior to becoming effective; In that publication, China would specify reasonable time frames for review and decision by all relevant authorities in China s licensing procedures and conditions; Applicants would be able to request licensing without individual invitation; Any fees charged... would be commensurate with the administrative cost of processing an application; The competent authorities of China would, after receipt of an application, inform the applicant whether the application was considered complete under China s domestic laws and regulations and in the case of incomplete applications, identify the additional information that was required to complete the application and provide the opportunity to cure deficiencies; Decisions would be taken promptly on all applications; If an application was terminated or denied, the applicant would be informed in writing and without delay the reasons for such action [and] would have the possibility of resubmitting, at its discretion, a new application that addressed the reasons for termination or denial; 20 Working Party Report, Para Ibid. 22 Ibid., Paras GATS, Art. XVII. 24 Working Party Report, Paras , and Protocol, 2(C). 25 Working Party Report, Para U.S. Chamber of Commerce
14 Impact on Market Access, National Treatment, and Transparency If an application was approved, the applicant would be informed in writing and without delay In addition, China agreed that for services included in the Services Schedule, relevant regulatory authorities would be separate from, and not accountable to, any service suppliers they regulated. 27 E. Appeal Process In the event that an application for inbound foreign investment is denied, China committed to maintain tribunals, contact points, and procedures for the prompt review of all administrative actions. 28 Moreover, such tribunals shall be impartial and independent of the agency entrusted with administrative enforcement and shall not have any substantial interest in the outcome of the matter. 29 The review procedures shall include the opportunity for appeal, without penalty, by individuals or enterprises affected by any administrative action subject to review. Moreover, if the initial right of appeal is to an administrative body, there shall in all cases be the opportunity to choose to appeal the decision to a judicial body. Notice of the decision on appeal shall be given to the appellant and the reasons for such decision shall be provided in writing Ibid. 27 Ibid., Para Exceptions were carved out for courier and railway transportation services. 28 Protocol, 2(D). See also Working Party Report, Paras Ibid. 30 Ibid. U.S. Chamber of Commerce 7
15 China s Approval Process for Inbound Foreign Direct Investment III. China s Approval Process for Inbound FDI This section describes the inbound FDI approval process as set forth in China s published laws and regulations. As noted in Section VI, the actual implementation of the process may vary in specific cases depending on the context of a particular investment project and local rules and practices. A. Pre-Establishment Approval Process 1. Foreign Investment Catalogue A starting point for understanding China s regulatory framework for inbound FDI is the Catalogue of Industries for Guiding Foreign Investment (Foreign Investment Catalogue or Catalogue). 31 Maintained by MOFCOM and the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) under the authority of the State Council, 32 the Catalogue is a lengthy document that subdivides industries into encouraged, restricted, and prohibited categories. (Industries not specifically listed within the Catalogue are considered permitted by default. 33 ) The Catalogue thereby promotes foreign investment in certain industries while limiting or altogether prohibiting foreign investment in others. The Catalogue was most recently amended in December An industry s designation in the Catalogue carries implications beyond whether foreign investment is permitted. Different designations often lead to different levels of approval scrutiny or tougher application requirements for prospective investors. For example, foreign investment in restricted industries is often subject to stricter government review and more burdensome application requirements, which may prolong government approvals for prospective investors. Foreign investment in encouraged industries, on the other hand, may be subject to less stringent government review or tariff exemptions. 34 In addition to industry classification, the Catalogue may require that investment take certain forms and/or that the foreign shareholder s proportion of investment in the enterprise be limited. For example Following the Catalogue s listing of an industry, a parenthetical may indicate that the investment is limited to Sino-foreign equity/cooperative joint venture operations or limited to Sinoforeign equity joint venture operations. The parenthetical may also indicate that the Chinese partners must be controlling shareholders or may limit the proportion of foreign investment to an amount not exceeding 49% or 50% of total equity. 2. Industrial Policies The categorizations and conditions in the Foreign Investment Catalogue are largely based on China s industrial policies, which are set forth in various guiding documents, including the five-year plans (FYPs) that lay out China s economic and development goals for given five-year periods. In March 2011, the nation s 12th FYP was released following its approval at the annual meeting of the National People s Congress. While the 31 Catalogue of Industries for Guiding Foreign Investment (2011 Revision) (National Development and Reform Commission and Ministry of Commerce, Order No. 12, 2011). See also Catalogue of Priority Industries for Foreign Investment in Central and Western China (2008 Revision) ( National Development and Reform Commission and Ministry of Commerce, Order No. 4, 2008) (addressing planned investments in China s non-coastal regions as part of China s Great Western Development Strategy ). 32 Provisions Guiding Foreign Investment Direction, Art. 3 (State Council, Order No. 346, 2002). 33 Ibid. Art Announcement on Implementing the Catalogue of Industries for Guiding Foreign Investment (2011 Revision) (General Administration of Customs, Announcement No. 4, 2012). 8 U.S. Chamber of Commerce
16 Impact on Market Access, National Treatment, and Transparency 12th FYP focuses on a number of important social and economic issues, the core of its economic objectives rests on a planned restructuring of the domestic economy to encourage domestic consumption, the development of a domestic services sector, higher value-added manufacturing, and improved environmental protection. The plan also encourages the creation of national champions, 35 especially in so-called strategic emerging industries. 36 Industrial policies may, in fact, trump corresponding Catalogue provisions. For example, Note 2 of the Catalogue states that if there are other provisions in the special regulations or industry policies of the State Council, such provisions shall prevail. This allows, for example, the Policy on Development of the Automotive Industry, an industrial policy issued by the NDRC and approved by the State Council, to include more rigorous domestic equity ownership and government approval requirements than are called for under the Catalogue Obtaining Government Approval Foreign investors may, in principle, invest in any non-prohibited industry, but only after obtaining Chinese government approval. The party responsible for seeking government approval depends on the form of the investment. Most FDI in China is structured as either a joint venture (JV) or a wholly foreign-owned enterprise (WFOE). 38 Applications for government approvals will be undertaken by the foreign investor if the foreign-invested enterprise will be a WFOE, and by the Chinese partner if the enterprise will be a JV. (In describing the foreign investment approval processes, this report refers generally to the applicant. ) The required approvals and the processes for obtaining them may vary depending on the specific industry and/ or local regulations. Below we outline the generally applicable approval process for investments and then explain how the process differs for investments in certain service industries. 35 具 有 国 际 竞 争 力 的 大 型 企 业 集 团 or 具 有 国 际 竞 争 力 的 世 界 一 流 企 业, juyou guoji jingzhengli de daxing qiye jituan or juyou guoji jingzhengli de shijie yiliu qiye. 36 战 略 性 新 兴 产 业, zhanluexing xinxing chanye. These industries are: biotechnology, new energy, high-end equipment manufacturing, energy conservation and environmental protection, clean-energy vehicles, new materials, and next generation information technology. See Outline of the 12th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People s Republic of China, Chapter 10, Section (1) (National People s Congress, March 14, 2011) (Last accessed: September 13, 2012). 37 Policy on Development of the Automotive Industry, Chapter 10, Arts (National Development and Reform Commission, Order No. 8, 2004). Automobile manufacturing was listed as an encouraged industry subject to a 50% equity restriction in the 2007 Foreign Investment Catalogue, but then it was removed from the Catalogue in the 2011 revision. Such removal would typically suggest that foreign investment in that industry is now permitted without any form of equity restriction, subject to the review process outlined in Chart 2. However, the Policy on Development of the Automotive Industry requires the Chinese party of a Sino-foreign joint venture to hold at least 50% equity and for all Sino-foreign joint venture automobile projects to be reported to the State Council by NDRC for approval, regardless of the total investment amount. Additionally, a foreign investor is prohibited from opening more than two production lines for any whole automobile type (e.g., passenger cars or motorcycles). Ibid., Art. 48. See also Provisions Guiding Foreign Investment Direction, Art. 4 (State Council, Order No. 346, 2002) ( Foreign-invested projects that are encouraged, restricted, and prohibited shall be listed in the Foreign Investment Catalogue. Foreign-invested projects that do not fall into the categories of encouraged, restricted, or prohibited projects shall be permitted. Permitted foreign-invested projects shall not be listed in the Foreign Investment Catalogue 38 Other potential types of foreign-invested entities and commercial presences in China include: representative offices, foreigninvested partnership enterprises, foreign-invested holding companies, and foreign-invested joint stock limited companies. As discussed in Section III(C), it is also possible for foreign companies to make strategic investments in Chinese publicly traded companies, through a somewhat different approval process. U.S. Chamber of Commerce 9
17 China s Approval Process for Inbound Foreign Direct Investment Chart 1: General Approval Process for Inbound FDI a) General Investment Approval Process STEP 1.1: Anti-Monopoly Law Review of Concentrations 39 China s Anti-Monopoly Law (AML) defines a concentration as a merger, an acquisition of assets or equity that confers control over another company, or an acquisition of a decisive influence over another company through contract or other means. 40 Proposed concentrations are subject to pre-closing review by MOFCOM if, in the prior fiscal year The total turnover 41 of all parties, combined, exceeded either RMB 10 billion (US $1.57 billion) 42 worldwide or RMB 2 billion (US $315 million) in China; and The total turnover in China of each of at least two parties to the concentration exceeded RMB 400 million (US $63 million). 43 A transaction that is subject to pre-closing review under the AML may not proceed without clearance from MOFCOM. If the agency determines that the transaction presents no competition issues the result in the large majority of filed transactions since 39 Although the approvals in Step 1 may be undertaken later in the process, applicants often submit their application earlier given the length of time needed for review. The applicant may initiate Steps 2 through 5 during this review period. 40 Anti-Monopoly Law of the People s Republic of China, Art. 20 (Standing Committee of the National People s Congress, Order No. 68, 2008). 41 Turnover in China refers to revenue derived from sales provided by the company to customers located within the borders of China. Turnover figures must be calculated for each party s entire corporate group; though if the transaction involves the sale of less than the seller s entire business, the seller s turnover includes only the portion that relates to the business that is being sold. 42 The exchange rate used throughout this report is RMB 6.35 = US $1. 43 Provisions on the Thresholds for Declaring Concentration of Business Operators, Art. 3 (State Council, Order No. 529, 2008). 10 U.S. Chamber of Commerce
18 Impact on Market Access, National Treatment, and Transparency the AML went into effect in August 2008 it will clear the deal and permit it to close, although the time needed to secure clearance varies considerably, as discussed below. If, on the other hand, MOFCOM concludes that a transaction could have the effect of eliminating or restricting competition, 44 it will either negotiate remedies with the parties to address its concerns or, as has happened in one case, block the transaction entirely. The AML also requires MOFCOM to consider during merger review the effect of the transaction on the development of the national economy, without further clarifying how or the degree to which such a factor could affect the final review outcome for example, whether such considerations may trump competition concerns. 45 It is also unclear to what degree MOFCOM has the authority to review the mergers of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) under the AML, or whether the central role of SOEs in national economic development plans would exempt some SOE transactions from AML review. 46 This issue is further discussed in Section VI(B)(1). In addition, neither the AML nor its implementing regulations set forth specific rules with respect to whether or when the formation of a joint venture must be reported as a concentration. In practice, the establishment of a joint venture is considered to be a concentration subject to pre-closing review if the above turnover thresholds are met. Generally, the creation of a WFOE is not subject to such a review. 47 Under the AML, MOFCOM s review period consists of three phases an initial review period of 30 calendar days, a second phase of up to 90 additional calendar days, and an extended third phase of up to 60 additional calendar days for exceptional cases. 48 In practice, although the duration of these phases is limited by the statute, the process can take longer, because the initial phase does not begin until MOFCOM deems the parties filing to be complete. With MOFCOM in control of the start of the review clock, parties often consult with the agency and provide their filings in draft form, to ensure that their filings will include the information that the case team requires in order to accept the filing as complete. As a result of such consultations, MOFCOM may not officially begin its review until one or more months after the parties submit their initial draft filing. If an investigation is opened, applicants are officially notified if and when the review has entered the second phase. 49 Although the great majority of transactions are cleared without conditions, many are not cleared 44 Anti-Monopoly Law of the People s Republic of China, Art. 28 (Standing Committee of the National People s Congress, Order No. 68, 2008). 45 Ibid., Art. 27(5). 46 See Jim O Connell, The Year of the Metal Rabbit: Antitrust Enforcement in China in 2011, Antitrust, Vol. 26, No. 2, p. 66, Spring See also Ibid., Art. 7, which states, The state protects the lawful business activities of business operators in sectors that affect the national economic lifeline and state security and are controlled by the state-owned part of the economy as well as sectors in which exclusive operation and exclusive sale are implemented, it oversees and regulates the business acts and prices of the goods and services of such business operators in accordance with the law, safeguards the interests of consumers and promotes technological progress. Business operators in the sectors specified in the preceding paragraph shall operate in accordance with the law, act in good faith, implement strict self-regulation, accept monitoring by the public and may not use their controlling position or exclusive operation/exclusive sale position to harm the interests of consumers. 47 Article 20 of the AML defines concentrations of undertakings as: (i) mergers between undertakings; (ii) share or asset purchases; or (iii) other transactions that transfer the ability to exercise decisive influence over undertakings. The creation of a WFOE thus is not a notifiable transaction under Article The term exceptional cases has not been defined by the AML or any of MOFCOM s implementing regulations. Anti-Monopoly Law of the People s Republic of China, Arts (Standing Committee of the National People s Congress, Order No. 68, 2008). 49 Ibid. U.S. Chamber of Commerce 11
19 China s Approval Process for Inbound Foreign Direct Investment until some point after the initial 30-day review phase, even in cases where the agency does not identify any competition issues. There are various possible explanations for these delays, including the small number of case handlers relative to the number of filings the agency receives, and MOFCOM has acknowledged such delays as a concern. STEP 1.2: National Security Review Proposed mergers and acquisitions by foreign investors will be subject to national security review procedures if the foreign investor would obtain actual control of a domestic enterprise in the following sectors as a result of the transaction: Military and military support enterprises; Enterprises in the vicinity of key and/or sensitive military facilities; Other entities associated with national defense and security; and Domestic enterprises engaged in sectors that relate to national security, including key technologies, major equipment manufacturing industries, important agricultural products, energy and resources, infrastructure, and transportation services. 50 A foreign investor may voluntarily file with MOFCOM if it believes that a transaction is subject to national security review. Local Commerce authorities or other government agencies may also request that a foreign investor submit a national security filing. 51 MOFCOM or local Commerce authorities (collectively the Commerce Department) do not have final approval authority on national security matters. If MOFCOM determines that the transaction is subject to review, it must forward the filing within five working days to the Ministerial Panel, an interagency panel consisting of representatives from MOFCOM, NDRC, and other departments. 52 Within five working days, the Ministerial Panel will request written opinions from relevant government agencies, which have 20 working days to respond. If any department determines that the transaction may affect national security, then the Ministerial Panel should initiate a special review within five working days, and the Ministerial Panel will have an additional 60 working days (longer if the transaction is submitted to the State Council) to issue an approval, disapproval, or approval with conditions. 53 The relatively recent development of China s national security review law and the subsequent lack of decided and reported cases leave fundamental questions concerning the national security review process, including the following: The definition or other defining criteria of national security ; The extent and circumstances under which MOFCOM may apply these provisions retroactively to cover transactions that have already been closed; and The time frame ultimately necessary to complete a national security review, particularly for transactions that are submitted to the State Council for final approval. To our knowledge, the Ministerial Panel has yet to issue a disapproval or approval with conditions decision following a national security review, and foreign investors who have voluntarily filed their transactions with MOFCOM have not been informed of the precise procedure or received any official decisions in connection with the reviews. 50 Ibid., Art. 31. See also Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Launching the Security Review System for Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, Section 1 (General Office of the State Council, Order No. 6, 2011). 51 Ibid., Section 4 (1) (2). 52 Ibid. 53 Ibid., Section 4 (3). 12 U.S. Chamber of Commerce
20 Impact on Market Access, National Treatment, and Transparency STEP 2: AIC Name Pre-Approval 54 After undertaking the above actions, or as a first step if AML and national security reviews are unnecessary, an applicant must register the name of the foreigninvested enterprise it intends to form with the State Administration of Industry and Commerce (SAIC) or with a relevant local Administration of Industry and Commerce authorized by SAIC (collectively the AICs). 55 Pre-approval is normally provided on the same day the application is made. 56 STEP 3: Receipt of Various Site-Related Opinion Letters An applicant will then need to obtain multiple written opinions or replies related to its use of land from various government authorities for inclusion in the application materials required for submission to the local Development and Reform Commission. Required written opinions will usually include: (i) an opinion on pre-approval of land-use rights 57 issued by the Land and Resources Department; (ii) an environmental impact assessment issued by the provincial or centrallevel administrative authority for environmental protection; (iii) a zoning opinion 58 on the planned location of the investment issued by the provincial planning department (i.e., that the project location conforms with city planning); and (iv) an opinion on the use of state assets or state-owned land-use rights, issued by the State-Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC), if applicable. 59 While these opinions are generally required of all foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs), in practice certain service industries may be exempted from such requirements by industry-specific regulations. STEP 4: DRC Project Approval The NDRC or relevant authorized local Development and Reform Commissions (collectively the DRCs) are, in principle, responsible for reviewing and approving or rejecting all foreign investment projects, though in practice such DRC project approval 60 is generally required only for investments in fixed assets, manufacturing, or specific energy or resource sectors. 61 An applicant is generally required to submit its application to the local DRC, which may then forward the application to NDRC for approval depending on how the industry is designated in the Catalogue and the planned total amount of foreign investment. Certain investments may also require State Council review. Chart 2 illustrates how Catalogue designation and the planned total amount of foreign investment (in U.S. dollars) affect which DRC and Commerce Department (either MOFCOM or the relevant local Commerce authorities) ultimately approve the project and whether State Council approval is also required. Typically, 20 business days are required for each level of DRC review 54 企 业 登 记 预 先 核 准, qiye dengji yuxian hezhun. 55 Regulations of the People s Republic of China on Registration Administration of Companies, Arts. 6-9; Arts (State Council, No. 451, 2005). See also Measures for Implementing the Administration of Enterprise Name Registration, Arts (State Administration for Industry and Commerce, Order No. 10, 2004). 56 Measures for the Implementation of Administration of Enterprise Name Registration, Art. 24 (State Administration for Industry and Commerce, Order 10, 2004). 57 项 目 用 地 预 审 意 见 书, xiangmu yongdi yushen yijianshu. 58 规 划 选 址 意 见 书, guihua xuanzhi yijianshu. 59 Interim Administrative Measures for the Verification and Approval of Foreign Investment Projects, Chapter 3, Art. 6, Sections 4-6 (National Development and Reform Commission, No. 22, 2004). 60 项 目 核 准, xiangmu hezhun. See Decision of the State Council on Investment System Reform, Catalogue of Investment Projects Ratified by the Governments, Section 12 (State Council, Order No. 20, 2004). See also Interim Administrative Measures for the Verification and Approval of Foreign Investment Projects, Arts. 3-4 (National Development and Reform Commission, Order No. 22, 2004). 61 As a matter of best practice, applicants normally consult with DRC and Commerce Department officials on a case-by-case basis prior to commencing the application process. U.S. Chamber of Commerce 13
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Award shows never seem to turn out very well for Chris Brown, and his performance at the Billboard Music Awards on Sunday night left a few celebrities less than impressed.
Singer Pink and husband Carey Hart called out Brown for lip-synching his "Turn Up the Music" performance on the Las Vegas stage.
"one day if i lipsync, i hope i do it as well as him…." Pink tweeted to her followers after Brown's performance, while Hart chimed in, writing:
"Im pretty sure i saw my wife did that same performance, but she was 3 months pregnant and actually sang the song."
Hart's diss seemed to confuse some of his followers, who thought he was talking smack about Katy Perry's performance. The 36-year-old professional motocross racer twice clarified that he was dissing Brown, first tweeting:
He then clarified again hours later, writing:
Hart seems to be referring to Pink's own performance of "Raise Your Glass" which incorporated a BMX theme at the 2010 American Music Awards.
Pink and Hart weren't the only ones left unimpressed by Brown's lip synching — model Chrissy Teigen quipped on Twitter, "Why sing when you can dance?"
The model's comments didn't sit well with Brown's fans, who began tweeting all sorts of hateful messages at her, which she calmly retweeted to show just how insane Brown's supporters can be, reports Complex.
After hours of hateful Twitter messages sent her way, the 26-year-old model offered some thoughts to Brown's fans:
You guys are too young for this shit. Too f**king young. How you can even form these sentences at someone you don't know makes me so sad. Don't throw around the term ho, c*nt, slut. You're women. WE ARE WOMEN. and don't ever think a man can f**king control you. Seriously. this isn't your f**king job. Stop being psychotic. Be strong women. Listen to opinions without spewing pure maliciousness. I've had comments ranging from 'kill yourself you stupid HO' to 'gold digging c*nt' [to] 'get a fucking job,' etc. Because I don't like [Chris Brown]? I like some of his music too. YOU can like it. You CAN. But WHY the insane hate and 'team'?? Why can't you just CHILL THE F**K OUT? In all seriousness, and this has been entertaining, I'm so disturbed. What are you even doing this for? Some good music and dancing? Good god. DO BETTER."
It's not the first time Brown's fans, known as Team Breezy, have lept to the singer's defense following an award show performance.
In February, they reacted similarly when Miranda Lambert, Wil Wheaton, Jack Osbourne, Michelle Branch and Eric Stonestreet expressed their dismay that the Grammy Awards would invite Brown to perform and honor him with an award, after he brutally assaulted then-girlfriend Rihanna in 2009.
Check out Chris Brown's Billboard Music Awards performance:
by Stephanie Marcus

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Solitaire by Dinobyte Studios is a classic Solitaire (Klondike) game for your Android device. Optimised for full HD 1920x1080 screens, our solitaire game will scale and look great on any phone, tablet or TV.★★★ GAME FEATURES ★★★
♠ No ads!♠ Super-sharp high definition graphics ♠ Choose from 4 different layouts to suit left handed and right handed players♠ Tap to move, or drag and drop to move a card ♠ Move whole columns of cards with ease with our unique card movement system (drag just the bottom card to move the whole column where legal, or drag the individual cards)♠ Choose from "Standard" or "Vegas" scoring (or none if you prefer)♠ Cumulative Vegas scores (optional)♠ Timed games♠ Move counter♠ Customisable card fronts, light and dark themes♠ Customisable background and choose from an extensive set of card back designs♠ Solitaire (Klondike) draw 1 card game mode♠ Solitaire (Klondike) draw 3 card game mode♠ Useful hints (won't hint at useless moves that give you no progress)♠ Infinite undo / redo♠ Game statistics / percentage wins♠ Auto complete♠ Auto save and continue♠ No more moves warning♠ Win animation♠ Sounds for moving cards, undo, send card home, and wining a game♠ Tablet support★★★ GET IN TOUCH ★★★You can help to make Solitaire (Klondike) even better by reporting any issues to our 5★ support team at firstname.lastname@example.com who will be happy to help.Please also rate Solitaire in the app store! We really appreciate your feedback! You can also follow us on Twitter at https://twitter.com/dinobytestudios where we will be posting updates and details of what we're currently working on.Thanks for all the great feedback so far!♥ Solitaire ♥


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Our goal is to provide you with a quick access to the content of the user manual for Frigidaire Side by Side Refrigerator FRS26R4AW0. Using the online preview, you can quickly view the contents and go to the page where you will find the solution to your problem with Frigidaire Side by Side Refrigerator FRS26R4AW0.
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Welcome & Congratulations Congratulations on your purchase of a new refrigerator! We here at Electrolux Home Products are very proud of our Questions? product and we are completely committed to providing you with the best service possible. Your satisfaction is our #1 1-800-944-9044 priority. (United States) Please read this Use & Care Manual very carefully. It contains 1-905-565-9200 valuable information on how to properly maintain your new refrigerator. (Canada) We know you'll enjoy your new re
Important Safety Instructions WARNING: Please Read All Instructions Before Using This Refrigerator. FOR YOUR SAFETY PROPER DISPOSAL OF YOUR REFRIGERATOR OR FREEZER • Do not store or use gasoline, or other flammable liquids in the vicinity of this or any other appliance. Read pro- Risk of child entrapment duct labels for warnings regarding flammability and other Child entrapment and suffocation hazards. are not problems of the past. • Do not operate the refrigerator in the presence of Junked
Installation This Use & Care Manual provides specific operating LEVELING instructions for your model. Use the refrigerator only as All four corners of your refrigerator must rest firmly on a instructed in this Use & Care Manual. Before starting the solid floor. Your refrigerator is equipped with adjustable front refrigerator, follow these important first steps. rollers to help level your unit. To Level Your Refrigerator: LOCATION 1. Remove toe grille. • Choose a place that is near a grounded ele
Installation - Connecting Ice Maker To Water Supply To avoid electric shock, which can cause death or severe personal injury, disconnect the refrigerator from electrical power before connecting a water supply line to the refrigerator. To Avoid Property Damage: • Copper tubing is recommended for the water supply line. Water supply tubing made of ¼" plastic is not recommended since it greatly increases the potential for water leaks. Manufacturer will not be responsible for any damage if plastic tu
Door Removal Instructions DOOR REMOVAL INSTRUCTIONS: If it is necessary to move the refrigerator through narrow doorways, follow these steps to remove the doors. IMPORTANT: Before you begin, turn freezer temperature control to OFF and remove electrical power cord from wall outlet. Remove any food from door shelves. 1. Disconnect electrical supply. 2. Open both doors, then remove toe grille. 3. Close doors. To Remove Refrigerator Door: 1. Remove top hinge cover screw on refrigerator door and rem
Features At A Glance Features may vary according to model 7
Temperature Controls COOL DOWN PERIOD To ensure safe food storage, allow the refrigerator to operate with the doors closed for at least 8 to 12 hours before loading it with food. REFRIGERATOR & FREEZER CONTROLS NOTE: When first setting the controls or when changing a setting, wait 24 hours for the temperature to stabilize before making additional changes. TEMPERATURE ADJUSTMENT • After 24 hours, adjust the controls as needed. When adjusting temperatures, move the knob in small increments. • For
Looking Inside PIZZA SHELF (SOME MODELS) This shelf is attached to the freezer wall beside the ice dispenser container. This convenient area allows for storage of pizza and other tall items placed vertically between the ice dispenser container and the freezer wall. ICE CREAM SHELF (SOME MODELS) This shelf attaches to the top of the ice dispenser container. It allows storage of both round and rectangular cartons of your favorite ice cream. TIP-UP SHELF (SOME MODELS) A Tip-Up shelf in the freezer
Looking Inside (continued) DOOR STORAGE Door bins and shelves are provided for convenient storage of jars, bottles, and cans. Frequently used items can be quickly selected. Some models have door bins that can accommodate gallon-sized plastic drink containers and economy-sized jars and containers. Some bins are adjustable for maximum storage capacity. The dairy compartment, which is warmer than the general food storage section, is intended for short term storage of cheese, spreads, or butter. Fix
Looking Inside - Special Storage Areas CRISPERS (SOME MODELS) MEAT KEEPER (SOME MODELS) The crispers, located under the bottom refrigerator shelf, Some models are equipped with a Meat Keeper. Meat Keeper are designed for storing fruits, vegetables, and other fresh temperatures can be adjusted by sliding the Meat Keeper produce. Wash items in clear water and remove excess water Temperature Control in either direction. Use this pan for short before placing them in the crispers. Items with stron
Automatic Ice and Water Dispenser ICE AND WATER DISPENSER FEATURES The ice and water dispenser conveniently dispenses chilled water, and ice cubes or crushed ice, depending on the model. Some models have an Extra Ice feature that increases ice production for special occasions such as parties. To operate the ice dispenser, select the ice option desired using the touchpad. Press a glass against the dispensing paddle as far up as possible to catch all ice. To stop dispensing ice, pull glass away fr
Automatic Ice and Water Dispenser ICE DISPENSER TIPS • Ice cubes stored too long may develop an odd flavor. Empty the ice container and ensure that the wire signal arm is in its "down" or ON position. The ice maker will then produce more ice. • Occasionally shake the ice container to keep ice separated. • Keep the wire signal arm in its "up" or OFF position until the refrigerator is connected to the water supply or whenever the water supply is turned off. If the dispensing paddle is pushed for m
Automatic Ice and Water Dispenser TM PureSource Ice and Water Filter (some models) TM NOTE: If you purchased a refrigerator with a PureSource Ice and Water filter, please read the following use and care information. This ice and water filter system filters water to your ice maker and water dispenser. It is located in the upper right back corner of the fresh food compartment. System Startup: Water supply does not need to be turned off, however, do not use ice and water dispenser while insta
Food Storage & Energy Saving Ideas FOOD STORAGE IDEAS Fresh Food Storage • The fresh food compartment should be kept between 34° F and 40° F with an optimum temperature of 37° F. • Avoid overcrowding the refrigerator shelves. This reduces the circulation of air around the food and results in uneven cooling. Fruits and Vegetables • Storage in the crisper drawers traps moisture to help preserve the fruit and vegetable quality for longer time periods. Meat • Raw meat and poultry should be wrapped s
Normal Operating Sounds & Sights UNDERSTANDING THE SOUNDS YOU MAY HEAR A. Evaporator The flow of refrigerant through the evaporator may Your new high-efficiency refrigerator may make unfamiliar create a boiling or gurgling sound. sounds. Don't be alarmed, these are all normal sounds. Hard surfaces, such as vinyl or wood floors, walls, and kitchen B. Evaporator Fan cabinets may make sounds more noticeable. Listed below You may hear air being forced through the refrigerator are descriptions of s
Care & Cleaning Keep your refrigerator and freezer clean to prevent odor build-up. Wipe up any spills immediately and clean both sections at least twice a year. Never use metallic scouring pads, brushes, abrasive cleaners or strong alkaline solutions on any surface. Do not wash any removable parts in a dishwasher. Always unplug the electrical power cord from the wall outlet before cleaning. CAUTION: • When moving the refrigerator, pull straight out. Do not shift the refrigerator from side to sid
Care & Cleaning (continued) Avoid cuts when replacing light bulbs, wear gloves. REPLACING LIGHT BULBS 1. Unplug refrigerator. 2. Wear gloves as protection against possible broken glass. 3. Remove light cover, if necessary. 4. Unscrew and replace old bulb with an appliance bulb of the same wattage. 5. Replace light cover, if necessary. 6. Remember to plug the refrigerator back in. Refrigerator Light Replacement Crisper Light Replacement (Some Models) Freezer Light Replacemen
Warranty Information REFRIGERATOR WARRANTY Your refrigerator is protected by this warranty WARRANTY THROUGH OUR AUTHORIZED SERVICERS, THE CONSUMER WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR: PERIOD WE WILL: FULL ONE-YEAR One year from original Pay all costs for repairing or replacing any parts of this Costs of service calls that are listed under NORMAL WARRANTY purchase date appliance which prove to be defective in materials or RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE CONSUMER. * workmanship. Excludes original and replacement Ice
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|User manual
|Frigidaire 240389309
|Frigidaire 22.6 Cu. Ft. French Door Refrigerator - Stainless Steel DGHF2360PF
|Frigidaire 240389636
|Frigidaire 216781800
|Frigidaire 216961200


text:
Build a dashboard contatning line graphs.
Budget ₹600-1500 INR
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Awarded to:
6 freelancers are bidding on average ₹1233 for this job
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