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Advances in Condensed Matter Physics
Volume 2012, Article ID 913168, 7 pages
Origin of the Giant Negative Thermal Expansion in
1Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei 230026, China
2Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei 230026, China
Received 16 June 2012; Accepted 11 September 2012
Academic Editor: Koshi Takenaka
Copyright © 2012 B. Y. Qu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The giant negative thermal expansion in the Ge-doped antiperovskite Mn3CuN compound is theoretically studied by using the first principles calculations. We propose that such a negative thermal expansion property is essentially attributed to the magnetic phase transition, rather than to the lattice vibration of the Ge-doped compound. Furthermore, we found that the doped Ge atoms in the compound significantly enhance the antiferromagnetic couplings between the nearest neighboring Mn ions, which effectively stabilizes the magnetic ground states. In addition, the nature of the temperature-dependent changes in the volume of the Ge-doped compound was revealed.
1. Introduction
Controlling the thermal expansion behavior of materials is eagerly required in modern advanced industries [1, 2]. Commonly, such control can be realized through mixing a kind of positive thermal expansion (PTE) materials with a kind of negative thermal expansion (NTE) materials whose volumes contract on heating. As we know, there are many PTE materials in the world, but the NTE ones rarely exist yet. Therefore, a challenging issue in controlling the thermal expansion behavior of the materials is to synthesize materials possessing NTE property.
Mn3CuN, a member of the anti-perovskite manganese nitride Mn3MN (M = Zn, Cu, etc.) [3–5], does not possess the negative thermal expansion property. However, recent experiments [6] reported that, with partial substitution of Ge for Cu in the Mn3CuN compound, the synthesized compounds exhibited isotropic negative thermal expansion. Typically, the Ge-doped compound, , showed the NTE property in a wide temperature window of 316–386 K, together with a giant negative thermal expansion coefficient (The linear thermal expansion coefficient of a material is definited as . Here, is the length of the material at temperature , and is the change of the length when temperature has a change of ) of K−1. More importantly, the working temperature and the width of the temperature window as well as the negative thermal expansion coefficient of the Ge-doped compound were modulated through the introduction of Ge dopant.
Prompted by the pioneering research [6], many other groups have studied the doping effect on the NTE property for some counterparts of , typically like [7], [8], [9], and so on [10, 11]. All the efforts reported in these papers showed that it was the doped Ge that brought the NTE property into these anti-perovskite compounds, just like that of the compound. Therefore, the doped Ge was regarded as a "magic element" for the observed NTE property in the class of the anti-perovskite manganese nitride compounds [6].
Recently, revealing the nature of such a "magic element" in the elegant performance of the NTE property has aroused many attractions, Matsuno and coworkers [12] proposed that the Ge dopant caused a local structural distortion in the compound, leading to the negative thermal expansion of the system in a broad temperature range. This was supported by the neutron powder diffraction and NMR measurements on [13]. On the other hand, through fitting the possible magnetic configurations to their experimental data, Kodama et al. [14] found that the ordering moment of the ground state known as the anti-ferromagnetic (seen in Figure 1(a)) of the compound gradually increased with decreasing temperature. This might also be responsible for the NTE property of the concerned compound. Even so, it is still unclear why the doped Ge atoms make the compound be of NTE property.
Usually, the thermal expansion property of a compound arises from different mechanisms, such as the lattice vibration, the temperature-excited magnetic phase transition, and the diffusion of ions/atoms between interstitial sites. Among these different mechanisms, both the lattice vibration and the phase transition are mainly responsible for the thermal expansion property of many materials. However, for our concerned compound, the relation between its thermal expansion behavior and the lattice vibration is still puzzling.
In this theoretical study, the compound is selected as a representative, since it exhibited a striking NTE property in experiment. Our calculations indicate that the lattice vibration contributes to the positive thermal expansion, and the magnetic phase transition from anti-ferromagnetic phase to paramagnetic phase contributes to the negative thermal expansion. Both of the PTE and NTE are compensative to each other, resulting in the observed thermal expansion behavior of the compound. Furthermore, a novel mechanism is proposed to explain the role of the doped Ge for the broad working temperature range of NTE in the compound.
2. Computational Details
In our calculations, a supercell consisting of 20 atoms is used to simulate the magnetic structures of compound, where half of Cu atoms were replaced by Ge atoms. Based on the symmetry of the supercell, there are three kinds of distributions of Ge in it. These configurations are all optimized by using the VASP code [15, 16], in which the projector augmented wave (PAW) pseudopotentials and the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) parameterizations of the generalized gradient approximation [17] are adopted. The cut-off energy is 400 eV and a gamma-centered k-point mesh of is used for the geometry optimization. Optimizations are performed until the residual forces acting on the atoms are smaller than 0.01 eV/Å.
By calculations, the energies of the supercell with three kinds of distributions of Ge in the compound are achieved, respectively. We find that the energy differences between the Ge distributions are less than 18 meV per unit cell. Such very small energy differences imply that these different distributions of Ge in compound may exist at finite temperatures. Even so, we select the lowest-energy one to serve our following calculations.
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Vibrational Effect on the Variation of Volume
Structurally, is composed of the corner-shared Mn6N octahedron, somewhat like the structural feature in the ZrW2O8 compound [18], where an open-framework structure consisting of corner-linked rigid polyhedra associates with the transverse vibrational modes that cause NTE. Thus, it is necessary to examine the thermal expansion behavior induced by the vibrational modes. Within the quasiharmonic approximation, the thermal expansion coefficient is related to the vibrational modes of a material, which is calculated through the formula [19] where is the th frequency, the bulk modulus, the volume of the system, and the Grüneisen parameter relevant to the th vibrational mode. Here, the Grüneisen parameter is defined as
To evaluate the coefficient of the thermal expansion, we first compute the bulk modulus and all vibrational frequencies at point for the supercell. Based on the obtained energy as a function of the volume of the system the bulk modulus of the concerned system is predicted to be about 128.2 GPa (to accurately achieve the vibrational modes, a larger supercell containing chemical unit cells is selected in our calculations relevant to the vibrational modes.) Meanwhile, the dynamic matrix of the considered system is generated through the forces acting on each atom, with using the frozen phonon approximation. By solving the dynamic matrix, we obtain all of the vibrational frequencies and the related eigenmodes. According to the obtained eigenmodes and the bulk modulus, the thermal expansion coefficient is obtained, as shown in Figure 2. Apparently, the value of is very small at low temperature and then increases rapidly with increasing temperature. When the temperature reaches 100 K or so, almost converges to the value of K−1. This value is in good agreement with that ( K−1) from experiment [6]. Such agreement indicates that the widely used frozen phonon approximation is also reliable to evaluate the dynamical property of the compound. More importantly, the calculated values of shown in Figure 2 are positive in the whole considered temperature range. This strongly predicts that the transverse motion from the rigid octahedron has no contribution to the observed NTE property in the compound.
3.2. Magnetic Phase Transition versus the Variation of Volume
Experiments found the observed NTE behavior in the compound accompanied with a magnetic transition from the low temperature -type anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) phase to the high temperature paramagnetic (PM) phase [6, 20]. However, such NTE behavior was not found in the Mn3CuN compound yet [6, 21]. Clearly, the observed NTE property of does tightly couple with the doped Ge atoms. To understand the role of the doped Ge atoms in the concerned NTE behavior, it is valuable to study the Mn3CuN compound firstly.
For the undoped MnCuN compound, where the Mn ions contribute to local magnetic moments, showing non-collinear magnetic configuration. Its ground state was experimentally demonstrated to be ferromagnetic. Furthermore, a magnetic configuration (notated as C0, seen in Figure 1(b)) was suggested to explain the ground state [21]. Our calculations reproduce the magnetic configuration C0, with the ferromagnetic components of local magnetic moments of 0.18 and 0.30 for the Mn ions locating at two unequal planes, respectively, which are close to the values of 0.20 and 0.65 reported in experiment [21]. However, such agreement does not directly support C0 configuration as the ground state of the Mn3CuN compound. In fact, a ground state configuration should have the lowest energy among all of the possible magnetic configurations. To examine whether the configuration C0 is the ground state or not, we generate many kinds of magnetic configurations, followed by full relaxations. Among these considered magnetic configurations, a lowest-energy configuration (notated as C1, seen in Figure 1(c)) is found, whose energy is lower by about 0.3 eV per primitive unit cell than that of the C0 configuration. Furthermore, we find that the configuration C1 characterizes the FM feature, and the ferromagnetic component averaged on Mn ions in this configuration is about 0.1 , being smaller than the experimental value of 0.35 .
Moreover, for this undoped compound, we find that these magnetic configurations have different energies, meaning that these magnetic configurations may be thermally excited at different temperatures. On the other hand, the equilibrium volumes of all considered magnetic configurations are very close to each other. Hence, the thermally excited transformation between different magnetic configurations does not change the volume of the compound nearly. In other words, the Mn3CuN compound does not show NTE on heating. This is consistent with the observation in experiment very well [6].
Then, we turn to the compound. For this compound, the magnetic state at low temperature was demonstated to be AFM in experiment. Moreover, experiments suggested that a special AFM configuration named as just corresponded to the ground state of the compound [13]. On the theoretical side, it is necessary to clarify its magnetic ground state. To do this, we randomly generate about eighty magnetic configurations plus the configuration in this compound. After full relaxations of the spins and atomic positions for each concerned case, we only have twenty four inequivalent magnetic configurations. Figure 3(a) displays the energy as a function of the lattice constant for each magnetic configuration. From Figure 3(a), one can find that the lowest-energy magnetic configuration is , and its equilibrium lattice constant is evaluated to be 3.864 Å, in agreement with the experimental value of 3.910 Å [13]. Furthermore, our calculations indicate that the local magnetic moments of the Mn ions in the configuration are 2.63 , being in good consistent with the experimental value of [21]. Such agreement supports that is really the magnetic ground state for compound.
The experiments revealed that with raising temperature, the compound exhibited a volume contraction. Basically, the temperature effect not only excites more magnetic configurations of the system, but also distorts each magnetic configuration to some extent. To qualitatively evaluate the distorted magnetic configurations, we randomly deviate the orientations of the local moments of Mn ions from their initial orientations for each magnetic configuration, and thus a series of the distorted configurations can be generated through controlling the deviating extent. The volume of the compound at each distorted configuration is optimized with fixing the orientations of the local moments. Our calculations show that the volume of the distorted magnetic configurations almost does not change, except for the configuration. As shown in Figure 3(b), with distorting the configuration seriously, the energy of the system increases significantly, and the volume of the lattice decreases largely. This predicts that the volume contraction on heating is actually contributed from the distorted configuration together with the thermal excited metastable configurations.
On the other hand, when the compound was heated up to the Neel temperature, it transfers from the AFM state to the PM state [13]. As we know, the PM state is a magnetic disorder state, which cannot be simply approximated to be either a non-magnetic state or a magnetic ordering state with lowmagnetic moment in a theoretical calculation. Since there are many different magnetic configurations in the compound, the PM state may be approximatively regarded as a mixture of many magnetic structures that can be thermally excited, when the compound is heated up above the Neel temperature. According to this, the volume of the compound at the PM state is expressed as the statistically averaged volume of many different magnetic structures including , by using the Boltzmann distribution function. Combining this consideration with the energy curves shown in Figure 3, we statistically compute the lattice constant at each considered temperature. Of these temperature-dependent lattice constants, the lattice constant at 500 K is selected as a reference, and thus we obtain the ratio of the lattice constant contraction, . As displayed in Figure 4(a), the lattice constant exhibits a gradual decrement with increasing temperature. This implies that the considered magnetic interactions really cause the NTE property in the whole temperature range. To go further, combining this NTE behavior with the PTE behavior from the lattice dynamics shown in Figure 2, we find that the compound exhibits the NTE behavior only in a temperature range of 250–340 K, as seen in Figure 4(b), in consistent with the results reported in experiment [6]. Our calculations above reveal that the volume contraction from the magnetic couplings is actually compensated by the lattice vibrations to some extent. The effect of such compensation is strongly relevant to the temperature. Namely, when the temperature is either below 250 K or over 340 K, the volume change of the compound from the lattice vibration overpasses that from the magnetic interaction, showing the PTE behavior. And in the temperature range between 250 and 340 K, the NTE effect is much stronger than the PTE effect, so that the compound exhibits a net effect of NTE in such a temperature window.
3.3. The Role of the Doped Ge Atoms in the NTE Property
As mentioned above, it is the doped Ge atoms that cause the compound to be of NTE property. Meanwhile, the observed NTE property is stemmed from the magnetic interaction between ions in the compound. So, the nature of the observed NTE property is essentially associated with how the doped Ge atoms affect the magnetic couplings between ions. Physically, the magnetic couplings between ions in a compound can be expressed by the exchange parameters between different ions within the framework of the classical isotropic Heisenberg theory [22–25]. In our concerned compound, three typical kinds of exchange parameters, , , and are considered. Here, is the coupling between an Mn ion and its nearest neighbor Mn; is the super exchange between an Mn ion and its second neighbor Mn ion, separated by an N atom; is the coupling between an Mn ion and its second neighbor Mn ion, without any atom between them. Based on the classical isotropic Heisenberg theory [22–25], the energy gain from the magnetic couplings is expressed as for and for Mn3CuN.
Table 1 lists the calculated exchange parameters for both compounds. Among the three kinds of exchange parameters, the amplitude of for the compound is considerably bigger than that for the Mn3CuN compound. This indicates that the doped Ge strongly enhances the magnetic interaction between the nearest-neighboring Mn ions in the compound. It is worth noting that in our concerned anti-perovskite manganese nitride compound, the couplings between the nearest-neighboring Mn ions form a triangular structure in space. Such a triangular feature is just responsible for the noncollinear anti-ferromagnetic configuration, which is the basic characteristic of the configuration. So, the doped Ge atoms effectively enhance the AFM configuration much more than the other configurations in the compound. This is just corresponding to the fact that has the ground state of , whereas Mn3CuN does not have yet [6, 21].
As reported in experiments, the doped Ge atoms not only caused the NTE property, but also made the NTE occurring in a broad temperature range for . However, these features did not occur in the (M = Zn, Si, and Ga) compounds. Basically, the different behaviors in NTE of the compounds caused by the different dopants tightly couple with the different electronic structures of the dopants. For the isolated atoms of Cu, Ge, Zn, and Mn, the energies of their highest occupied orbitals are in the order of . Clearly, the energy differences of the orbitals between Mn and M (M = Cu, Zn and Ge) are quite big. This means that the 4s orbital of either Cu or Zn and the 4p orbital of Ge do not significantly couple with the valence orbital of Mn in the compound. So, in the compound, most electrons on these atomic orbitals are unpaired and thus locate at the unsaturated states which are almost at the Fermi level. Especially, is much higher than the others, and the number of electrons on Ge 4p is larger than the other orbitals considered above. Thus the doped Ge in the compound contribute more states at the Fermi level than the other cases. Meanwhile, the local density of states (LDOS) at the Fermi level from the Mn ions drops down largely when the content of Ge is 50 [26] in the compound. With rising temperature, more electrons from the Ge 4p orbital are thermally excited into the conduction band in such metallic systems. These conduction electrons may polarize some of local electrons in the compound, altering the magnetic couplings between Mn ions and the local magnetic moments accordingly. Namely, some of magnetic states in the Ge-doped compound is easily excited by temperature, even temperature rises slightly. As a result, the Ge-doped compound shows a gradually temperature-dependent change in volume. This is corresponding to the wide temperature range for the NTE working, as reported in experiments [6].
4. Conclusion
We have investigated the lattice vibrations and the magnetic phase transition for the Ge-doped metallic anti-perovskite compound, based on first-principles calculations. We find that the lattice vibrations contribute to the PTE property rather than the NTE property. Our calculations indicate that the observed NTE is actually resulted from the magnetic phase transition from the phase to the PM phase. Furthermore, we suggest that the thermal effect excites more valence electrons from the doped Ge atoms to the conduction bands in the compound. These donated conduction electrons polarize the local electrons and change the local magnetic moments of Mn ions, leading to the contraction of the compound in volume.
This work is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB939901) and the National Science Foundation of China with Grant no. NSFC10974184. The HP-LHPC of USTC is acknowledged for computational support. The authors gratefully acknowledge the valuable comments from Professor Koshi Takenaka.
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Review: Captain Phillips
PLOT: The true story of Richard Phillips (Tom Hanks) who-as the captain of the merchant marine vessel the Maersk Alabama- was taken hostage by Somali Pirates.
REVIEW: CAPTAIN PHILLIPS is vintage Tom Hanks. By that I mean that CAPTAIN PHILLIPS proves, now and forever, that despite a series of underwhelming movies (THE DAVINCI CODE, ANGELS & DEMONS, LARRY CROWNE) Tom Hanks is still at the top of his game. This is likely his best role since ROAD TO PERDITION, and a movie that's all but guaranteed to put him back in the best actor race at the Oscars, for the first time since CAST AWAY in 2000.
A fact-based thriller, CAPTAIN PHILLIPS is edge-of-your-seat stuff, regardless of how familiar you are with the true story behind Captain Phillips' ordeal with the pirates. Director Paul Greengrass marries his cinema verité-style from UNITED 93 with the audience-pleasing appeal of the BOURNE films to deliver a movie that should please both the crowds and the critics.
It helps that CAPTAIN PHILLIPS feels like a role that couldn't possibly have been played by anyone but Hanks. He really embodies the American every-man, and playing Phillips, he's incredibly personable and easy to identify with. Unlike a lot of other directors, Greengrass never succumbs to melodrama. There are no cutaways to Phillips' family back home (his wife, played by Catherine Keener, is only briefly shown) keeping the film confined to what is happening at sea. It's not needed, and despite running a lengthy 130 minutes, Greengrass keeps the film moving at an exceptionally fast pace. Likewise, Hanks' performance as Phillips feels incredibly disciplined and authentic, with Phillips maintaining a mostly stoic demeanour until late in the film.
One of the most intriguing things about Greengrass' approach is the compassion and empathy he shows the Somali pirates. In a more jingoistic film, they would have been cardboard baddies, but Greengrass (and screenwriter Billy Ray) portray them in a three-dimensional way that- while not excusing their crimes- makes you understand their motivations. Greengrass avoids being preachy, but it's a necessary element that would have been absent from many other films. As the head pirate, Barkhad Abdi doesn't play a caricature or a two-dimensional monster, and if anything, knowing the motivations behind his crimes, and seeing his life back in Somalia makes his actions even more chilling, as we know he's got nothing to lose.
At the same time, this does not at all condone their actions. Clearly, Greengrass is portraying them as âbad guysâ and not misunderstood victims of circumstance, which is nicely addressed by Phillips himself later in the film. The audience's sympathy is kept squarely with the resourceful and clever Captain, and Hanks's âeveryman heroismâ is comparable to the types of performances given by actors like Henry Fonda or James Stewart in their prime. Greengrass never goes too over the top by idealizing Phillips (a quick scene depicts him as a tough taskmaster at sea with union troubles), but it's clear that this is a character we're meant to identify with, and root for, which we certainly do.
Like the BOURNE's, Greengrass isn't above staging some high-octane action, and the climatic SEAL assault is comparable to what Katherine Bigalow accomplished with ZERO DARK THIRTY. The tension is ramped up to almost unbearable levels throughout, although at the same time, it doesn't feel âtoo Hollywoodâ and comes off as reasonably authentic (although really- who knows?).
Technically, CAPTAIN PHILLIPS is as accomplished as any of Greengrass' other films, with the usual realistic cinematography from Barry Ackroyd, and a stirring score by Henry Jackman (doing a great job filling-in for Greengrass regular John Powell). My only issue is that, as usual with a Greengrass movie, the camera never stops jumping around, although by this point that's just Greengrass' style, and to be fair, it's less obvious here than in the last BOURNE or THE GREEN ZONE.
All told, CAPTAIN PHILLIPS is another top-notch entry into an already amazing awards season. It's right-in-line with the best both Greengrass and Hanks have to offer, providing them both with a vehicle that allows them to perform at the top of their game. CAPTAIN PHILLIPS should not be missed.

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Myrtle Beach '06
Designer: Deni
Tags: Beach, vacation, family, Deni
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Eight layouts from our vacation at Myrtle Beach in September using Memory Mixer Quickmix "Sand and Surf" by designer Kelly Hann Mize. It was so fast, easy and fun to do this album.
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|Dawn2, at 04:56AM on Tuesday January 16, 2007
cute layouts
|pkrischke, at 10:42AM on Wednesday January 17, 2007
|Jlarsen, at 11:13AM on Wednesday January 24, 2007
really cute theme
|sadye, at 03:18AM on Thursday April 19, 2007
This is absolutely beautiful!
|malmar, at 02:07PM on Thursday May 24, 2007
Very nice..great photo's!
|michelleb97, at 08:15AM on Saturday May 26, 2007
is this on Memory mixer 1? I am going on a trip and would love to use this theme? Very cute!!
|Deni, at 02:15PM on Monday June 18, 2007
Yes, it is found in Memory Mixer 1 under Kelly Hann Mize's "Sand and Surf." There are eight layouts under the square layout option that are great. Thanks :)
|mousepadcreations, at 04:28AM on Thursday June 21, 2007
These pages are so beautiful! On the 3rd page is a book plate can anyone tell me if that is in MM Version 1 and where to find it?
|Bailis, at 06:40AM on Saturday July 07, 2007
This is really beautiful.The pictures you took are wonderful.
|BeachScraper, at 12:14PM on Monday August 20, 2007
Very Very nice....My home is Myrtle Beach, it is such a beautiful beach, the perfect spot for beautiful pictures and so much more. Hope you always enjoyed your time here. Again, beautiful work


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Dusting cobwebs12:49 PM
It has been quite a few years since I have written anything remotely concerning the happenings in my life. A quick glance tells it was three years ago. Surely a distant past. So it might be a while before I am able to collect my thoughts and present it better for you. My penmanship seems to have taken quite beating and words don't flow as easily as they once used to. However, there was some growing uneasiness over the last few weeks that has crept into me, compelling me to write and it waged a fierce battle over my inherent laziness. It was fiercely fought out battle and believe me, for a large part,my laziness seemed to be in complete control of the things, until that one moment where it tried to celebrate the victory prematurely(pretty much like the Bangladesh cricketers did in the recently held WT20) and alas! the uneasiness turned the tables around in a matter of minutes.The fact that this post is seeing the day of light and contributing to ever growing data on the internet and leaving a digital trace should make it easy for you to guess the end result.
Well, for three years, I have successfully managed to keep my urge of filling up the blog with incessant rants at bay. I seem to have come a long way from that fresh out of college guy frustrated with the pace of things in life. I am a lot different to what I was back then, yet the core of me seems to be the pretty much the same. Back then,my life was filled with uncertainties, I was unsure about the direction I was heading in. It is not like things are any different now and I have concrete plans laid out for the next 5-10 years. Honestly, it is not so much because of lack of effort but mostly due to the fact that I tried and I failed miserably at predicting the shocks life throws at you. But I am glad I tried. I believe, one regrets most about the things that he wish he did rather than the things he had done. What winners learn, I am unsure but from my experiences of trying and failing so far, each try has made me discover a part of me that I never knew existed. Of course, it also taught me how not do things. I seem to have grown wiser with each try. You might ask me if I have learned enough to avoid committing mistakes anymore. I cannot tell you that, but I certainly acquired enough wisdom not to repeat my mistakes.
I understood the hard way that life doesn't give you breathing space after an exhausting journey , you just have to pick up the pieces together and head on to the next road and keep moving. The world doesn't end after a failure nor it stops to applaud your success. It moves on. So should you.
Sigh!this is turning out to be darker than a super-hero movie. Let's break for now. I wish to take up blogging from now on and write more often. One of the most interesting things happening is I have taken my baby steps into the Data Science field. It is intriguing, challenging and fascinating. Probably it is just the kind of stuff I have been looking for all along. Would like to walk you through my journey with numbers and my new found love for trying to find an order to the inherent chaos in the universe.Very soon I promise.
PS : The term 'writing' meant ranting my brains out. It should not be confused with a piece of art it usually refers to.


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Shih tzu's are good-natured and easy to train, making them great family pets. But caring for a Shih tzu can be time consuming because they require a lot of grooming.
A major part of Shih tzu care is proper grooming which will begin as soon as you bring your new dog home. Their thick, double-coated hair can be grown long, …Continue reading Shih Tzu Care Tips →


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Bruce Tilley focuses exclusively in the field of family law. He is a NSW Law Society Accredited Specialist in Family Law and nationally accredited Mediator and Family Dispute Resolution Practitioner.
His extensive experience covers a wide range of issues in the field of family law, from negotiating complex property settlements and family business restructuring, to representing children in Court proceedings to ensure their best interests are considered. Bruce is also trained in collaborative family law, is a member of Collaborative Professionals NSW and was a founding member of Western Sydney Collaborative Family Lawyers (WSCFL).
For the past 30 years, Bruce has also participated in mediations, as a legal representative, co-chair or Mediator. Bruce completed his training at Bond University and is qualified as a Nationally Accredited Mediator and registered Family Dispute Resolution Practitioner.
Bruce was among the first group of solicitors in New South Wales to gain specialist accreditation in Family Law in 1993. He is also a member of the Family Law Section of the Law Council of Australia, a member of the Australian Institute of Family Law Arbitrators and Mediators, a Law Society of NSW Panel Mediator, and an Independent Children's Lawyer appointed by the Family Court.


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Many fashion designers have collaborated with beverage companies to design limited edition bottles, and now with the upcoming release of these Gianfranco Ferre Coca-Cola bottles, drinking never looked so good. These Coca-Cola Light bottles are beautifully designed with great creativity and colors. Four of the bottles have been showcased thus far and word on more selections are still under wraps.
Collaborations such as Karl Lagerfeld with Coke had already been a great success, and in light with Evian's previous cooperation with Christian Lacroix, these recent Gianfranco Ferre Coca-Coca bottles will make for one epic bottle collection.
Cola Couture Canteens
More Stats +/-
New Gianfranco Ferre Coca-Cola Bottles are Extravagantly Limited
- By: Kamal MusharbashOct 14, 2010
References: highsnobiety
References: highsnobiety


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Offer a whole new level of beauty in a window that is also functional.
Its superior design makes it ideal not only for single window units but also for creating multiple assemblies like Bows, Bays, Pictures and your own original combinations.
A Progressive Multi-Point Locking System allows for a weather-tight seal by drawing the sash firmly and securely to the master frame.
Folding crank handles, standard on all casement windows, minimize interference with blinds and other window treatments.
The casement opens a full 90 degrees for maximum ventilation and easy cleaning from inside the home.


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The Most Essential Gardening Tools
People that want to start their own garden and have no previous experience must know first what are the tools that are essential to successful gardening. In case you don't have this equipment or you don't know how to use it properly, then you must get them immediately and learn about each tool. Every tool has a special purpose that is designed to do, however, if you are very experienced, then you don't need to have all types of equipment because the same work can be done with one tool. Knowing how to use your gardening equipment is extremely important, in case you don't know what they are for, then why bother to buy them. Therefore, the first thing that we recommend to everyone is to research all of the gardening tools that can be found to know what are the possibilities.
Then when you have finished your research you can go and purchase the tools that you think will be needed for your garden. You can make a list of tools depending on what type of garden you want to have. Of course, if you are inexperienced, then you might struggle a bit, but don't worry because we are here to teach you about essential gardening tools that you must have if you want to have a healthy garden.
Planting Tools
Every garden needs to have special pieces of equipment that are designed to help you plant your seeds. Of course, planting can be done without any tool, but that can take up a long time and it is much harder to do it than with your bare hands. For that reason, these specialized planting tools were made such as the hand fork, trowel or dibber. These pieces of equipment will allow you to plant your seeds much faster and burn less energy, therefore when you have a huge garden you will not be exhausted after planting just a few plants.
Spades and Forks
You just cannot have a garden without having a spade and a fork. These two pieces of equipment are extremely important for every garden type because they are very versatile and you are able to do more than just one task with them. For example, with the spade, you are able to use it to plant some seeds by making holes in the ground and also you can use it to dig out a dead plant from the ground.
Rakes and Hoes
Also, two essential tools that you must have are rakes and hoes. You will always have something to do in your garden that will require either rakes or hoes. With rakes, you can easily make a pile of leaves which will allow you to throw them away without any effort. Of course, these tools are essential ones, most of them you will already have and if you don't, then don't waste any time, buy them immediately. However, in case you think that you need some extra specialized tool for something, then feel free to purchase it because it will definitely help you.


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Nippon Series News and Notes: Giants' Victory Parada Route
by Gen on Nov.08, 2009 @ 1:15 pm, under NPB, Postseason
Nippon Ham Fighters
...The Fighters collected 11 hits and left 13 men on base last night. They became the first team in Nippon Series history to leave a runner on in every inning and get shut-out.
...Q&A with Masataka Nashida via Sanspo:
On losing the championships...
More than being down, I just really wish we had gone to a Game 7. I said to the players, "we went through a lot of things, you guys did a great job."
On being shut-out...
After they scored that first run, we had a chance to score as well, but we just couldn't take advantage.
On looking back over the series...
We were able to play our game, but the Giants were the better team. I'm frustrated / upset, but it was still a good series.
On being 2-4...
I have to come to terms that we were only able to win 2 games and move on to focusing on becoming champs [next season].
On next season...
We battled it out this season. And while I think we've become a stronger team because of that, I'd still like to bring in younger players.
Yomiuri Giants
...The last time the Giants held a victory parade for their championship in 2002, 400,000 people showed up. The Giants are expecting a much larger crowd this time around.
Victory parade course:
Start from Yomiuri Shimbun HQ
Pass by in front of the Nihonbashi Mitsukoshi
Go down Chuo Street
End at Ginza 8-chome
The players will ride on three double-decker buses.
...The Giants went through 2 barrels of sake, 2,000 bottles of beer, and 240 bottles of champagne in 15 minutes during their victory celebration last night. Alex Ramirez took a picture and shook hands with each of his teammates.
Opening celebration comments:
Takuo Takihana (owner) -
The regular season, the Climax Series, the Nippon Series... I'm grateful to all of you that fought through a 154 game schedule.
Tatsunori Hara (manager) -
It was a long year. We've created another legend.
Shinnosuke Abe (player rep) -
It seems like we'll be getting championship rings, so thank Mr. Owner!
...Shun Tono became the 18th pitcher to last less than an inning during the Nippon Series.
...The 3 saves by Marc Kroon tied a Nippon Series record. He also tied a Nippon Series record by saving three games in three consecutive appearances.
...Hideki Matsui's comments:
The Giants were my team for 10 years so I'm extremely happy. I'm sure the fans must be happy that the team won using a lot of young players. ... I'm sure it's just by chance that they won at the same time I won.
...Q&A with Tatsunori Hara via Sanspo:
On being thrown up in the air 10 times...
For the Giants, becoming champs is the top. I'm speechless. I actually wanted to be a part of the group of people tossing me up into the air.
Reasons for winning...
I think we were the better team. In close games, pitching, power hitting... I think the Giants were a bit better in all these areas.
Compared to your last championship...
In 2002 it was a team that Shigeo Nagashima put together. The team fell after that, but to rebuild and then win again is big.
You were also the WBC manager this year...
It was just about a year ago that I got the call. I was worried. But the players, the staff, they all worked to melt my worries away. In looking back, I think there was a lot of stability.
On a great season...
Nothing can top this. But we can't stop here. Myself, and this team, will continue to push forward.


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Wethepeople began making its mark on history almost 15 years ago. Designing the first rough drawings of their frames and forks around the same time as the world started to see BMX in a different light, a time when rails first got grinded and the possibility that riding the streets was in fact the true way forward.
To achieve our aims, we know exactly how to deploy our strengths with an efficiency that is unmatched in the BMX industry.
- Website: www.wethepeoplebmx.de


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Rotolo's Pizzeria
I was the hostess at the pizzeria. I left this job pretty quick because of the atmosphere I was in. My coworkers and managers were not very polite or flexible.
I was the hostess at the pizzeria. I left this job pretty quick because of the atmosphere I was in. My coworkers and managers were not very polite or flexible.
Part of the Crew! I did mostly everything in the job itself besides managing. I was in the process of learning to be assistant manager. Being part of the crew includes: opening the store itself, cooking and preparing the food, cleaning the store entirely, closing the store. I got to the point of learning how to cut meat, how to smoke the meat, and go with and perform caterings.
I delivered fast food to vehicles! Counted back change, read back orders, and meanwhile all on rollerblades. My reason for leaving this job was an event of skating out an order and fracturing my tailbone on the concrete curb. My manager told me that I was either going to skate or quit.
I have had a rocky road to become an LVN. My opinion so far as to how much I enjoy this is outstanding! I have always wanted to be in a working environment where I could be of some kind of help to people! What better way to do that than to become a nurse!
I graduated in the middle of my entire class. I was never the kid who stuck out. I was a very creative kid, who enjoyed being in my own world. I worked at Sonic in Whitehouse for a brief while, but it wasn't until I applied and received the job at Stacy's BBQ that brought me out of my shell. I became the person that I never knew I was. I am very talented in staying on task and getting things done! When I am working I become a person who loves talking and helping people in need!
I am a very bright individual when people see it in me. I don't always have smile on my face, but I do when I enjoy my working environment! I am this way mainly because I am very serious about the things I do and want out of life! If given the opportunity, I can do anything I set my mind to!


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Truck Dehydrator: Desperation Turned Great Idea
As you may have read recently, we found over 100 lbs of chanterelle mushrooms last week! The great news is that we have lots of tasty, tasty mushrooms. The bad news is that we couldn't eat them all fresh and preserved the large majority of them, meaning that our excalibur food dehydrator was running pretty much 24/7 (you can read about this method of dehydrating mushrooms here).
That doesn't sound so bad, but having a machine blowing 145 F air around the kitchen is not ideal, especially in mid July. in the south. with no AC.
And speaking of the challenges of homesteading and living with no AC, we also have this truck that runs, but pretty every part that is not absolutely vital to the movement of this vehicle is broken. Some that are vital might not even work half the time, so that's why it mostly sits in the driveway.
We always joked that it got so hot in the back of the truck with the cap on just sitting out there in the West Virginia sunshine that we could use it as a solar oven (fry an egg yada yada). Well, the heat got to us so badly we decided that we decided that we might just try it, because anything is better than cooking in the house all day. Okay, so we haven't actually tried cooking in it yet, BUT we did try using it as a giant food dehydrator!
I simply put a pallet in the bed of the truck and laid the dehydrator trays out on it. After spreading out the mushrooms on it, closing the tailgate and back windshield, and letting it sit in the direct sun for about 8-10 hours, we had a ton of dehydrated mushrooms all ready to go! No electricity needed!
Tired of having to make pasta from scratch every time we wanted it, my beloved decided to make a huge batch of egg noodles this morning and dehydrate them for later use. That way we could just throw it in boiling water for a quick meal instead of making the dough, rolling it out, cutting it up, etc. after a long day of work. He decided to try out the truck dehydration method again and it worked splendidly! After just a couple of hours, we had pounds of dried noodles ready to go.
Once again, we used the trays out of our dehydrator, but if you don't have these, some window screen would work just fine. We also put some of our mushrooms on an upturned milk crate and they dehydrated just as well as those on the trays.
If you don't have an old wore out farm truck to dehydrate your food in, have no fear, the trunk of a station wagon or SUV would work just fine as well. Ever notice how thing in your car tend to get dried out and shriveled, especially if you leave them on your dashboard? One herbalist even told me that she will go out and pick some herbs and then throw them on her dash to let them dry out. Just don't leave any food or herbs there too long as the heat and sunlight could destroy some of the nutrients. Take it out as soon as it is dry. Also, if it is really hot like it is right now, remember to leave some of the windows cracked, so it doesn't get too hot that it actually cooks anything. The truck bed is great because the vents on the side allow us to control how hot it gets back there. You could even put a small thermometer in with your dehydrating food so you that you can manage the temperature better.
That's about it! It's not the most mind boggling idea ever, but it is a good little tidbit. Maybe, if I'm lucky, my heat fried brain will come up with a couple more.
I think that we win the prize for best food dehydrator decorations.
Hey! Thanks for visiting and supporting Stone Axe Herbals! Did you know that buying products through our affiliate links gives us a small commission at no extra cost to you? Even if you don't buy what we're advertising! Buy a pillow with Nicholas Cage's face on it! Or a Marilyn Monroe costume for your dog! It doesn't matter one bit to me- it's a win-win for all of us!
Disclaimer: This blog is just my own opinion, nothing more. While I try my hardest, everything may not be completely accurate or complete. Sorry, I'm only human, so do not hold me accountable for anything you do to harm yourself or the world around you. I do make money from this blog. If you click on any of the links in my blog I may make money from it, at no extra cost to you. I'm not sponsored by any of these people I just honestly love these products and want to give you the resources to find them. I am not a medical practitioner; consult a health professional before using any herbal remedies. I am not claiming to diagnose, treat, prevent, or cure any ailment.


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Caterpillar 302.5 Specifications
Strengths Implement selection, strong good dig out. works well with breaker.
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Overall Good machine. Very ease to operate, Ease to transport about 6000 LBS. Good on fuel
Part of the Equipment Review Network family of sites.


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Infected by Film Noir, Direct Cinema and a couple of Jazz biographies, "Bitches Brew" draws the portrait of a young musician on a journey to the end of the night. For R, the beat of excess is about to replace all other sounds: sleepless, restless, intoxicated he seeks distraction in gambling and girls. When he gets involved with two call girls, but can't pay his debt to their underworld manager,
When a newly patented birth control begins to show its side effects, Dr. George Manning must take to the streets with his wife and idiot brother in the hopes of finding a weapon against the most terrifying adversary imaginable: a PMS-driven legion of blood-thirsty zombie bitches! God help us all...
When four life-long friends, unwittingly get caught up in a casino owners embezzlement scam gone south, the very bonds of their friendship will be tested. Get ready for a wild ride that includes truth serums, uncontrollable bowel movements, and 'naked bitches on quads',in this quirky comedy that is sure to have you laughing from start to finish.
The U.S. divorce rate is way over 50%. Reportedly, most American men hate their marriages to American women, "who have devolved into bitter, controlling, spiteful, fat, lazy, manipulative bitches who feel entitled to the good life at the expense of their husband's health, happiness and well-being." Claiming that feminism destroyed "real men" we focus on a few that have opted for foreign mail ord
Two unlikely lovers- a man born into slavery and an emotionally-unhinged woman unable to nurture a pet- form the core of this beautiful allegorical nightmare. Of Bitches & Hounds carries the viewer through a dark and magical dreamscape populated by a black slave trader, an unattainable dog bone, an omniscient canine and an interstate trotting angel, to name just a few. Fevered imagery and even m
There's a good chance that anyone with a music collection has at least one recording by Teo Macero. From Miles Davis' KIND OF BLUE - #12 on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums, and BITCHES BREW (#94) - to Dave Brubeck's TIME OUT, to Simon & Garfunkel's THE GRADUATE, to Broadway's A CHORUS LINE, Teo made history with his uncompromising attitude and groundbreaking recording innovations. And after
Great news, Robby Pockets, one of the world's biggest and most flamboyant pop star has stopped by the studios for a friendly chat with gough. Robby and gough talk about everything, from his childhood to his philosophical enlightenment journeys through Asia, not to mention his charity foundation and of course his hit albums, including, but not limited to, "Three Legged Monkey," "Bitches and Aerop
Meet Sue, a teenage Australian girl in the late 70s, whose life mainly consists of doing what everyone else does - watch the surfing boys and have sex with the same surfing boys. The girls have to follow lots of strange customs, e.g. do not eat or go to the bathroom when a boy is around. Ugly girls have two choices - being bitches and hate boys, or being generally cheap and looked down upon by e
Beverly Hills attorney Orville Donaldson and his socialite wife Liza relocate to Hootersville, a dairy community, where Orville pursues his utterly silly dream to leave the riches and the bitches behind and milk cows. But something about Hootersville has the women busting out all over. Every one is buxom, except for Smantha Drunker, who is considered the town freak because she is the only women
Official line up for DYNASTY OF DARKNESS: Apocalyptic End Kittie, Dave Brockie from Gwar, Bile, Resurrection, The Fall of Man, Poor Child's Promise, Carfax Abbey, Suture Seven, Dead Emotion, Moxley. Includes live and scripted videos along with interviews from the above bands...Also featuring: The Sexy Bitches of Axis Video, Lauren of Talon, Opinions of Myke Hideous, Shock Trailer: The Tree.
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The I-(confess) APP on I-phone.
It is not an easy way to go to confession. There is no such thing as a phone-in confession any more than you can go to Mass by watching EWTN, although there would be many who would say that "...according to Vatican II"... But seriousely if anyone needs an I-Pod App to figure out what is a sin and what isn't a sin, I teach Catechisis In the priest's house on the 2nd and 4th Sundays 12:30 PM at Saint Catherine of Siena Parish in Clarksville Virginia, right after Mass.
We are all given the knowledge of good and evil, of right and wrong. What happens most is that through a constant exersize of the wrong it becomes easier until we rationalize sin away. A well formed conscience is needed to overcome the rationalization, for without it we not only give ourselves the wrong answer but most often we don't even ask the question, "is this a sin?".
I say, donate the money for the APP to the poor, attend Mass, study scripture, the teachings of the church...
About sin and confession.
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"Saving June" is a heart wrenching story about a 16 year old girl trying to get through the aftermath of her sister's suicide. She has decided to road trip across country to California to spread her sister's ashes in the Pacific Ocean with her best friend, Laney, and a secretive boy that her sister knew.
This book is about Harper coming to terms with her sister's death and trying to figure out how to live her life. She experiences many new things on her road trip which help her come to the realization that life needs to be lived to its fullest. There is no reason to hold back when it is so short. I loved the friendships that Harper has and how she is a very real character. I could see this sixteen year old girl who was confused, mad and resentful of her family. It took me a little while to get into the book, but once I hit around page 100, I was hooked. Hannah Harrington has created a believable story of betrayal and loss that leaves you speechless.
-"Saving June" by Hannah Harrington
Published by Harlequin Teen, November, 2011
Buy it on Amazon, Barnes and Noble, The Book Depository


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The Art of Followership
"In 2006, I was the catalyst for the first national conference on followership conducted by The Kravis Leadership Institute at Claremont McKenna College and the Peter F. Drucker and Masatoshi Ito Graduate School of Management at Claremont.
For two days, the air bristled with the excitement of healthy contradictions, constructive controversies, alternative concepts, and potential strategies for drawing a new treasure map, this with "Followership" clearly marked as "ground zero."
Researchers, scholars, and practitioners from diverse disciplines and fields created a heady conversation, and it became evident that a new subfield was emerging, one that could be shared with a much larger audience than the inaugural followership conference could possibly accommodate. This book is the first major outcome of that ground-breaking conference."—Ira Chaleff
The Art of Followership is a collection of essays that puts dynamic leader-follower interaction at the forefront of discussion. It examines the multiple roles followers play and their often complex relationship to leaders. With contributions from leading scholars and practitioners from the burgeoning field of leadership/followership studies, this groundbreaking book outlines how followers contribute to effective leadership and to organizations overall.
Drawing from various disciplines from philosophy, to psychology and management, to education the book defines followership and its myriad meanings. The Art of Followership explores the practices and research that promote positive followership, revealing the part that followers play in setting the standards and formulating the culture and policies of the group.
The contributors include new models of followership and explore fresh perspectives on the contributions that followers make to groups, organizations, societies, and leaders. The book also explores current research on followership and includes insights and perspectives on the future of leader-follower relationships.
What Some Others Have Said:
The Art of Followership turns leadership books on their heads. As the authors argue, followership is more important now that it has ever been. —Consulting Magazine (05/05/08)
The Art of Followership is actually quite different in presentation…. Some chapters are quite short; others describe individual programs as a springboard for talking about the phenomenon. But most are scholarly think-pieces that are quite conceptual. —Financial Executive (05/01/2008)
"With contributions from leading scholars and practitioners, this book highlights the different models, perspectives, and meanings of followership." —T + D Magazine (04/28)


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Lloyd's Register Gap Analysis assessment examines and reports on your management systems' readiness for transition. It focuses on how your management system has addressed, or plans to address, the changes introduced through the publication in ISO 13485:2016. Based upon the findings, your assessor will advise whether your organisation is ready for assessment or indicate areas requiring further attention.
By clearly identifying any weaknesses or 'gaps' in your management system, our assessors will be able to discuss what needs to be addressed as well as any concerns you may have regarding your system or the assessment process.
In addition to our Gap Analysis assessment, LRQA provides a range of face-to-face assessment services suitable for organisations of all sizes, which help to determine your organisation's state of preparedness for transition to ISO 13485:2016. For more information call us on 0800 783 2179 or complete our enquiry form.
Click on the image below to download Gap Analysis for ISO 13485:2016
Lloyd's Register has launched a transition support club for Medical Device and In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Device manufacturers. By becoming a member you will receive relevant information and support on the new regulations.
View our range of medical device training:


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A variety of math courses are offered at Tolland High School. Three credits are required for graduation. The goals of the math program are for the student to understand and apply mathematical concepts, devlop logical thinking and organizational skills, apply integrated mathematical problem-solving strategies to investigate, evaluate, and solve problems from within and outside mathematics, formulate mathematical definitions and express generalizations discovered through investigations, use and value the connections between mathematics and other disciplines, prepare while building mathematical literacy to become an educated consumer, and prepare for future mathematical study.
Units of Instruction
Congruence, Proof and Constructions
Circles and Other Conic Sections
Similarity, Proof and Trigonometry
Extend to Three Dimensions
Coordinate Geometry


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Dental implants are artificial teeth that come the closest to replicating natural dentition in form and function. They are neat and immaculate and provide great convenience for the patient. More and more implant surgeries are being performed across the world, and they have a significantly high success rate. But the placement of an implant requires the dentist to be meticulous and the patient to be compliant; otherwise the whole process may fail.
Teeth implants in Thailand, India or Mexico could be a viable option for those who are seeking for good quality and a cheaper procedure. According to a survey published by the US CDC in 2000, more than 44% of Americans did not have dental insurance during that time – which certainly increases the need for dental tourism. So, many patients from the US travel abroad for various dental care treatments like Straumann teeth implants in India or dental implants in Korea.
The failure of dental implants could be due to several reasons
Poor skill of the dentist
Placement of implants is a sophisticated process, which requires good skill and careful treatment by the dentists. Any negligence on part of the dentist could prove to be expensive for the patient.
Each individual is a different case and the possibility of a successful treatment varies from person to person. A dentist must carefully evaluate every case, and determine if the patient is suited for dental implants.
The patient must be informed about his situation and must be guided about proper implant-care methods.
Implant procedure must not be rushed. If the bone height is not adequate, the patient may require bone grafts for secure placement of the implant.
Besides correct diagnosis, the proper placement of the implant, with least trauma to the tissues is all dependent upon the dentist.
Infection can spoil any implant case; steps must be taken to ensure the surgical site is kept free of any hazardous organisms. Antibiotics may be required to keep the infection at bay, not only during the surgery, but also for a few days after it, when the implant screw is forming a bond with the bone (osseointegration).
Avoiding infection depends both on the dentist and the patient. Keeping strict sterilization control is important for the dentist, while on the patient's part, it is important to care for the dental health. Implants cannot be successful if the patient makes no effort to maintain good oral hygiene.
Loose Implants
Improper technique, inadequate bone, too much pressure or disturbance of the surgical site may all interfere with osseointegration, which is the most important step in implant placement. If the implant screw fails to form a strong bond with the bone, it will remain loose, and the whole process will fail.
Broken Implants
Substandard materials, wrong size, improper placement, or excessive pressure may cause the implant to fracture, thus resulting in failure of the process.
Un-cooperative patient
A dentist alone cannot make an implant a success without the co-operation of his patient. A patient, who does not maintain proper oral hygiene or frequently disturbs the surgical site, is likely to suffer implant failure.
Wrong habits, like smoking or grinding of teeth, can also prove to be harmful in implant cases. A patient, who has received an implant, should avoid indulging in any adverse oral habit and make sure he properly follows the dentist's instructions.
Damaged nerves/vessels
A dentist has to be very careful to avoid any damage to nerves or vessels running in the site of the surgery. If the screw impinges upon a nerve, it may result in persistent pain or loss of sensation in that area.
Implants are known to have a fairly high success rate, but the failures are also significant. There are few risks and complications attached to dental implants but if utmost care is taken by both the dentist and the patient, the occurrence of implant failures can be avoided to a great extent.
DentaVacation facilitates affordable dental treatments at various destinations across the world. For more information, submit the estimate-request form on the right.


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- jessica.claire.lawrence
- 4 years ago
- Wedding: December 1969
My partner and i have been together a year and a half. He has lately been mentioning weddings, and what sort of a wedding he wants. He asked me on the weekend how i felt about having kids. We both said how we want to be married first and come from similar background.
Now it is all i can think about. He could propose next six months or next two years…


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Bright electrical solutions to bring your vision to life
Power to People is a young, dynamic company providing domestic and commercial electrical services in Guildford and the surrounding area
My aim is to deliver exceptional workmanship and customer service for all our domestic and commercial projects. I, more than most, understand that its the little things that make the biggest difference. Returning calls, turning up on time, no excuses are core Power to People values.
Power to People are experienced in domestic and commercial installations, repairs, and replacement work.
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Fault finding & repairs
Sometimes things go wrong, or simply break down. With technical know how and testing equipment faults are often found and repaired quickly and efficiently.
Power to People hold Approved Contractor status with the NICEIC. Where appropriate, certificates for work undertaken will be issued. Building control notification is also undertaken as and when required.


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Libás hinted that very serious issues will be on the agenda at this year's meeting (Note: You don't need much imagination to figure out what sorts of issues might be on the agenda and what role the puppet masters assign to this globalist whore – conspire against the country, disseminate lies about the Hungarian people and question the legitimacy of the Hungarian government on international stage).
"Magyar Nemzet" previously reported that the last year's meeting in Herfordshire, England the Vice-President of the European Commission Viviane Reding behind closed doors among other things, assured her bosses that she made every effort to question the legitimacy of the 2014 Hungarian national election.
Allegedly, the commissioner mentioned voters intimidation as a pretext on the basis which the result of the national election could be challenged.
Reding issued a statement denying the leak but only several days after the news appeared in the media.
Gordon Bajnai's foundation "Haza és Haladás" financed by Center for American Progress, a partisan liberal public policy research and advocacy organization headquarters in Washington D.C..
(mno.hu – hungarianambiance.com)


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Happy Christmas eve!
I hope you're all off to a magical start to the Christmas weekend. I've got my review of a wonderful Christmas book for you today- so if you're at a loose end now that all the wrapping is done and you've prepped all the sprouts- then grab yourself a copy of Mandy Baggot's brilliant One Christmas in Paris.
Join Ava, our heroine, as she re-discovers herself in the City of Lights in the lead up to the big day. Running away from a newly broken heart, she has sworn off men- and the more distance she can put between herself and her over-bearing mother, the better. She's there to support her best friend Debs- and that's it. What she isn't prepared for is meeting the undeniably gorgeous, though definitely damaged Julien Fitoussi. A photographer desperately in need of a new muse to help him heal from his own tragic heartbreak.
There are plenty of laughs, "totes" provided by Ava's best friend Debs, and the indomitable Didier as they rally around in the lead up to Christmas- proving that friends and family are what matters most- at any time of the year.
As for Julien? Oh my goodness- how does Mandy do this every time? She writes the sexiest, most gorgeous heroes. She always makes me fall head over heels for them, and this time is no exception. In fact I'm going to put this out there... Romantic hero of the year- Monsieur Fitoussi. *Sigh*. I think it's his perfect balance between strength and vulnerability...
Anyway... *clears throat and stops gazing into the semi-distance*... back to the book....
One Christmas in Paris provides plenty of love and laughter, tears- and a perfectly tingly festive ending. I love Mandy's writing, and I think you will too.
Kindle: Paperback:
The Blurb:
They say Paris is the City of Love, so bring your je ne sais quoi and don't forget the mistletoe!
Ava and her best friend Debs arrive in Paris just as the snow starts to fall. The Eiffel Tower glitters gold and the scent of spiced wine is all around, but all Ava can think about is Leo, her no-good, cheating ex.
Debs is on a mission to make Ava smile again, and as they tour the Christmas markets, watch lamplight glittering on the river Seine, and eat their body weight in pain-au-chocolat, Ava remembers there's more to life than men ... Until they cross paths with handsome, mysterious photographer Julien with his French accent and hazelnut eyes that seem to see right inside her.
Ava can't ignore the intense chemistry between them, but her fingers have been burned before and she can't forget it, especially when her ex, Leo, starts texting again. Can Ava really trust Julien – and what exactly is his secret?
Will Ava go home with a broken heart, or will she find true love amongst the cobbled streets of Paris?
Join Ava and Julien in the most romantic city in the world this Christmas, as they discover the importance of being true to themselves, and learn how to follow their hearts.


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It is important for Rio Salado College to approve your classroom site for this requirement. If approved, you may use your classroom to fulfill 2/3 of the field experience hours required. However, observation of a certified teacher in his/her classroom is still required.
All educator prep students need to complete the field experience. People with an intern certificate can mentor students and teach some lessons in their own classroom. However, they must do the observation portion of the field experience in another certified teacher's classroom.
Yes, if you have completed all other requirements for student teaching and have the approval and cooperation of your administration, you can be assigned to your own classroom for student teaching. In this case the college supervisor plays a more active role in monitoring your progress. (This option is not retroactive—you must be enrolled in the student teaching lab and assigned a college supervisor for the nine-week placement to be valid.)


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Radio DJ Alleges Slander in Ongoing Taylor Swift Lawsuit
The legal battle between Taylor Swift and former radio host David Mueller continues.
In June of 2013, Mueller attended a meet-and-greet with Swift and was accused of groping the singer, which led to his firing from the radio station. In September of last year, the deejay filed charges against Swift, claiming that he was accosted by the superstar's security, verbally abused at the show and was falsely accused of groping her.
Now Mueller is adding slander charges to the lawsuit, accusing the superstar of slandering him during their ongoing legal battle. According to the Hollywood Reporter, an amended complaint was filed by Mueller last Thursday (Feb. 25) and includes two slander claims. He says Swift's statements against him are not true and as a result have harmed his reputation in the profession.
The sole physical evidence in the case is the photograph taken at the meet-and-greet. While Mueller says Swift is smiling and hugging him and his girlfriend, his hand behind her is not visible. "It is clear her skirt is in place and is not being lifted by Mr. Mueller's hand," his complaint reads.
Swift's complaint tells another story, reading, "The image depicted in the photograph of Ms. Swift with Melcher and Mueller speaks for itself." After Mueller filed charges in September, Swift countersued.
"Ms. Swift knows exactly who committed the assault — it was Mueller — and she is not confused in the slightest about whether her long-term business acquaintance, Mr. Haskell, was the culprit," the countersuit reads, according to People, which obtained the documents. "Resolution of this Counterclaim will demonstrate that Mueller alone was the perpetrator of the humiliating and wrongful conduct targeted against Ms. Swift, and will serve as an example to other women who may resist publicly reliving similar outrageous and humiliating acts."
The counter lawsuit alleges that Mueller "intentionally reached under her skirt, and groped with his hand an intimate part of her body in an inappropriate manner, against her will, and without her permission," adding, "Mueller did not merely brush his hand against Ms. Swift while posing for the photograph … He lifted her skirt and groped her."
Nastiest Lawsuits in Country Music
Country Fans Gone Wild!


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The following acquisition strategy can be put into play whether you're a flipper, long term investor, even a spec builder.
Heck, wanna buy the lot on which you're gonna build your dream home? This will work for ya big time. The first part of the recipe is to own a discounted note, secured by real estate. Seriously though, you can begin by makin' a deal with a seller before you actually have one. I know, cuz I've seen me do it. 😉
The Basics
What you'll be doin' is taking advantage of your discount.
Sometimes you'll get full credit for the note's balance, sometimes you won't. But I've never been forced to transfer title at my purchase price. I've always received more credit for the note than I paid — which is the idea, right? (Captain Obvious rollin' his eyes.) It sounds a lot more complicated than it is, though tryin' this using the DIY approach will, in my opinion, end up becoming a life lesson.
Let's say you own a note with a balance of $100,000 for which you paid $60,000. Using the note as full or partial payment of the purchase price is the goal. Though I've known seasoned investors who've agreed to take what they had into it, what went unsaid was the years they may've held the note making thousands a year in payments. However, most times you'll be able to get credit exceeding your initial capital output. Make sense?
Related: How To Leverage Credit Cards To Create A Cash Cushion In Real Estate
A Caveat
If you do indeed succeed in buyin' some real estate using a discounted note, understand there will many times be tax consequences.
For example, if I paid $X for a note and traded it for face value, which was $30,000 over $X, that difference would be subject, at least most of the time, to taxation. Sometimes it would be at ordinary tax rates, but most of the time it would be under the more attractive capital gains rates. There are strategies we can use to either reduce those taxes or avoid them altogether.
A Tax Strategy I've Often Used
For example, several times I've avoided a taxable event completely by using the note itself as collateral for a new note carried back by the seller.
Related: Key Concepts to Consider When Starting to Invest in Real Estate Notes
The seller does their own due diligence to ensure their own security. This also works in the seller's favor tax wise. It allows them to claim installment sale treatment to the extent they carried back a note. Many believe when a seller carries back some of the purchase price in the form of a note that it must be secured by the subject property itself.
Wrong installment sale breath. In fact, in my experience it doesn't hafta be secured at all, though I've only been able to execute that once. 🙂
Simply have the seller carry back all or a portion of the sales price evidenced by a newly created note. That note will then be secured by the secured note you already own.
When the seller's note is ultimately paid in full, your note is then released as a security instrument, and you still own the note. Nice, eh? In that scenario you either paid no taxes on the payments you received from your discounted notes, or very little. The reason is the offset of interest payments made by you on the seller carry back note. You made use of the principle of hypothecation. Make sense?
You can make use of this strategy in many ways, both mechanically and tax wise. The bottom line benefit most of the time is the ability to save cash. Many times the owner of a fixer will prefer getting a note they perceive as a better deal for them down the road, than a lower cash amount now.
Also, older sellers often look at note income very favorably. Transactions for them can be structured such that any tax liabilities can be spread out over several years. This works especially well when, for whatever reason, their primary residence or investment property presents a tax problem by taking any or too much cash in the year of sale. You can be of real benefit and service to them by presenting this option.
In Conclusion
I've had a few times when the seller literally couldn't sell in that year in the traditional way, but loved what their tax accountant had to say about our proposal. In the end, investors with the ability to acquire discounted notes secured by real estate, can create some pretty nice equity positions for themselves if done correctly and with the right professionals advising them.
This doesn't in any way touch on all the strategies you can implement with discounted notes when investing in real estate. But it's a dang good start, right?
How did you begin investing in notes?
Be sure to leave your comments below!


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At first glance, because both have already qualified for the play-offs, there is precious little at stake when Chesterfield visit Bramall Lane tomorrow afternoon, writes James Shield.
But Chris Basham, the Sheffield United centre-half, last night explained why Nigel Clough's side are determined to finish the League One season on a positive note.
"We want to go out on a high," he told The Star. "We've drawn our last two games even though we've done well in all of them and so it's an important game in that regard.
"There isn't a match we're involved in that we don't want to win. This is no different at all."
With the division's fourth and fifth ranked clubs scheduled to contest the second-leg of their semi-final a week on Monday, Basham acknowledged United, two points above sixth-placed Chesterfield, have logistical as well as professional reasons for trying to dispatch Paul Cook's team.
"It's important we try and take fifth," he added. "Because of when the fixture would be played.
"Personally speaking, I don't think it makes too much difference who we come up against but the Monday night rather than Sunday lunchtime would be nice. We'll be right up for it whatever and we've shown in the past that the early kick-offs don't bother us at all.
"But, in my mind, the evening kick-offs are better if you've got the choice. I think everybody involved would probably say the same."
United made sure of a top six finish at Leyton Orient last weekend when Bob Harris cancelled-out Mathieu Baudry's opener for the hosts. Clough's squad has been criticised in some quarters following a series of inconsistent results but Basham, who helped them reach the semi-finals of the Capital One Cup four months ago, said: "I've in a semi-final and now I'm getting ready to compete in the play-offs. I couldn't have dreamt of that when I came here from Blackpool in the summer.
"The gaffer brought me in and so hopefully we can get promoted. That's my personal target, to prove a point and look forward to the Championship but there's a long, long way to go before we can start thinking of that."
READ MORE: Click here for all the latest news from Bramall Lane


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By now most people recognize the benefits of herbal supplements. These can have a great impact on your body though the effects vary by the herb you are taking and what it is intended for. Red Clover tea has a long medicinal history and is still in use today to treat a variety of illnesses and prevent illness as well.
This tea has been used for many years to treat respiratory infections and cough. It is also said to speed the healing of wounds and help with water retention. In helping to heal wounds it may also help to fight infections that often hinder the healing process. This has been used for many years as an herbal supplement and now is available in the form of tea.
Today it is believed that there may be many other benefits as well. Some other diseases it may help to cure or fight include heart disease, diabetes, and may help relieve menopausal symptoms. It has not yet been proven how much effect, if any, this herb may have on these illnesses. This should never be used as a substitute for physician's orders or other prescriptions.
This herb is even included in some supplements sold for the purpose of natural breast enhancement. It should be noted that this may be due to the hormones contained in the herb and that is also why it may be effective in treating menopausal symptoms.
Some believe that this may even be used in combination with other medications to treat illnesses. This is highly debated and you should never depend solely on herbal medicines to treat any disease unless specified by your doctor. Herbs should be used in combination with medications prescribed by a physician.
Your physician should also always be aware of any medications, including herbs that you take on a regular basis. These are better as preventative medicines in most cases. Always seek medical advice before taking any new medications, including herbs. Keep in mind that herbs may not be appropriate to take with some medications. This, like any other medication, has some possible side effects.
Red Clover may be the next big thing in herbal teas. If you are a big fan of Green tea then this is something you will want to try. Millions of people have already discovered the benefits of Green tea and other herbal teas. They have a huge potential to help heal your body and keep you healthy.


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Sound Seal, a leading manufacturer of industrial
and achitectural acoustic noise control products
is located in control products is located in
Agawam MA.
Sound Seal, Inc offers an exciting work environment and offers a strong benefits package including Medical/Dental, 401(K) and paid vacation time. In addition Sound Seal, Inc. is committed to building career enhancing experiences that prepares our employees for their long term professional goals.
For 2018 Employment Opportunities
Please Check Back for Employment Opportunities.


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Oh, man.
I've just seen The Pirate Bay Away From Keyboard, the documentary about the epic clash between what's old and what's new.
The movie is directed by Simon Klose and I think you should see it.
It's saying something when the result of our Swedsih legal system's best efforts is sending three geeks to jail for crimes committed not primarily by themselves, but by whole generations of internet users everywhere, all in order to close down a site which – of course – is still up and running to this day.
I still believe that we must adapt our copyright laws to modern day media consumption, because sending computer nerds to jail doesn't sound like a sustainable solution to me.
Find more information watch.tpbafk.tv.
Of course, the Kickstarter-funded TPB – AFK documentary is available for paid download, torrent sharing via The Pirate Bay and on Youtube, to name a few formats.
And you can watch it here as well:


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Check out the link below for my 2018 novel, Flawed Machines 🌳🦋 https://youtu.be/sMcdw66zr4I Continue reading
Category Archives: Series
My Next Move Will Be My Best Move
Now that my sci-fi tale, Flawed Machines, is on Amazon and Kindle, I have time to focus more on my other projects. Though Flawed Machines is the catalyst to my written fictional universe, which holds nearly a dozen works to be finished, I'll use this new free time to complete other sectors of my works. … Continue reading
Flawed Machines
My paperback is on sell at Amazon! https://www.amazon.com/dp/0692083499/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_apa_euC2AbP7YNG8Z Now I just need to figure out how to convert to Kindle format. Continue reading
Some classical instrumentals
I almost forgot I made these compositions and uploaded them to YouTube years ago. Most of these pieces are various classical genres, though one is a short jazz track and another a cadence with marching percussion. Confused and Displaced – an epic synth-infused track 🎚🎹 Hollow – eerie Gregorian chants that pick up with fast … Continue reading
The Planet, Juk
The planet Juk is one of a handful of planets in its solar system, and even larger its galaxy, Iapto. Juk is comprised of 11 diverse, continental-sized areas called regions. Each region has a culture specific to its people with varying religions, philosophies, and traditions. The characters of Flawed Machines mainly reside in the Western … Continue reading
Marketing Machine
Super excited to announce my upcoming novel, Flawed Machines! Keep up with updates on my social media @jtylercopeland Continue reading
Black Panther
As the 10,001st review on Black Panther, I figured I'd share my take on this film. Looking at the obvious aspects that are usually mentioned, the politics and themes, I'll also expand on why I see this movie as a mature and seldom plus for today's oversaturated hero-movie market. Considering I'd rather have the negative … Continue reading


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Mole Richardson 18 Inch Universal Voltage Wind Machine
|Product Code
Request more information or contact us now for purchasing information.
This Windmachine can now be operated manually or off a DMX Control Console along with all your other lights and special effects. With our new built-in DMX control panel you can daisy chain and signature many windmachines and control them in multiple combinations from a DMX Control Console. This unit can be operated with 120 or 240 volts A.C. or D.C. current and is designed to create maximum air flow with minimum noise for Hollywood sound stage use. A solid state control varies the speed of the fan to produce wind effects from a light zephyr to a stiff breeze. This Moleffect® is useful not only for routine wind effects, but also for dispersing snowflakes, creating a localized dusty breeze, etc. Radial vanes columnate air-stream, vanes may be removed for wide dispersion. At high speed the fan may be used to cool or ventilate a set or to clear smoke. The unit sets on the floor or mounts on a stand. Equipped with a Roll Bar for ease of handling.
Equipment available to buy from this site is for professional use only. Please note in certain countries some products listed may not be available from A.C. Entertainment Technologies Ltd.
E&OE. Information is subject to change without notice. The rights and ownership of all trademarks are recognised.


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The benefits associated with spending time in water are plentiful, but if you want to help make the experience even better the Float Swimming Cap is here to help you release additional tension.
Coming with a cap as well as two ankle cuffs, the Float Swimming Cap is designed to help you relax and relieve tension by simply floating; the buoyant design of the products allow you to achieve a weightless experience. In turn, this will allow your body to release stress, tension and even help to lower your blood pressure.
Ideal for those who are looking to make the most out of their time in the pool or those who need a little help with relaxing, the Float Swimming Cap is available in a few different color options and comes with a carrying bag.
Water Therapy Hats
More Stats +/-
Inflatable Party Boats
Swimmer-Aligning Goggles
Swimming Beard Caps
Swimming Sport Watches
Activity-Tracking Wristwatches
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Our Research Methodology
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The Float Swimming Cap is Designed for Relaxation and Tension Release
- By: Michael HemsworthNov 17, 2015
References: float.is & thegadgetflow
References: float.is & thegadgetflow


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Elinor Otto, One of the Last Working Rosie the Riveters, Named 70th Assembly District Woman of the Year
2014-03-12 · By Editor
As part of the California State Assembly's celebration of Women's History Month, Assemblymember Bonnie Lowenthal, D-Long Beach, is honoring Elinor Otto as the 70th Assembly District Woman of the Year.
Elinor Otto started working at aircraft assembly plants in 1942 for 65 cents an hour. One of the original Rosie the Riveters, Otto has been installing rivets on cargo plans for 70 years. Today, at 94, she's earning close to $40 an hour, still wielding a rivet gun as a full time employee at Boeing's Long Beach plant.
"Elinor Otto was a trailblazer during World War II and she hasn't stopped since," said Lowenthal, Chair of the Legislative Women's Caucus. "She's still a force to be reckoned with at the age of 94, and a role model for all of us."
Otto was newly single with a young son to support when the Rosie the Riveter movement began during World War II. Like her colleagues, she was very proud of her work, but days after the war ended, all the women at her plant and others around the country, were let go. With a family to take care of, she tried working in offices but hated being still for too long. She even worked as a carhop before the roller skates were added to the uniform – anything to make ends meet and support her family.
Otto soon returned to the aircraft assembly line, first in San Diego, and then Long Beach where she's worked at the same C-17 plant for 48 years.
Assemblymember Lowenthal is the Chair of the Assembly Transportation Committee, the Legislative Women's Caucus, and the Select Committee on Ports. Ms. Lowenthal represents the 70th Assembly District, including Catalina Island, Long Beach, San Pedro, and Signal Hill.


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Netstal is aiming to chip away at the dominance of coated-paper cartons in the Brazilian dairy market, with plans to install its two-layer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) preform technology in the South American country by the end of the year. Italo Zavaglia, who works for Netstal in Brazil, noted that a PET-based system for milk would be more recyclable, and while there is a higher initial investment for its preform technology, there are not the down-the-line royalties paid when utilizing some other systems. Zavaglia showed off the technology at Brasilplast, where Netstal maintained its own booth, although that will be different at the next event in two years.
There are some blowmolded plastic bottles for dairy currently on the market in Brazil, according to Zavaglia, but they utilize a label across the entire container to protect the milk from UV light exposure. Netstal's system first injects an opaque, black core, which is then overmolded with a white PET, creating a fully UV-protected container that doesn't require a complete sleeve.


text: Guido van Rossum <guido <at> python.org> writes: > > > Well, I think if we implement this the default behaviour *should* be changed. > > It looks a bit senseless to have two different "auto-choose" options, one with > > encoding=None and one with encoding="BOM". > > Well there *are* two different auto options: use the environment > variables (LANG etc.) or inspect the contents of the file. I think it > would be useful to have ways to specify both. Yes, perhaps. In the context of open() however I think it would be helpful to change the default. Moreover, reading the BOM is certainly much more reliable than our current guessing based on the locale or the "device encoding". Regards Antoine.


text: Another one of us is married off...that leaves just four lovely ladies in our group now that have yet to tie the knot. I am so blessed to have a group of college friends who are my best friends. We stay in touch across the country through email chains and group texts. We are the first to know if one of us is engaged, pregnant or has any other big news to share. After living with one another for four years, there is little that we don't know about each other. Our husbands try very hard to understand our unique relationship, but they just don't quite get it. The way we lay in bed together, stroking each other's hair while we watch endless episodes of Sex in the City. The way even though we are spread out in five states, we always find a way to make it to every reunion and every wedding. We have been lucky to have at least one wedding a year for the past five years, ours being the first. There are no upcoming nuptials on the calender so who knows who will be next. I will be sad if I have to go a year without seeing all my girls, but with my scrapbooks near by and my phone in hand, I can have them with me anytime I like. Lucky me! Here's to my fabulous group of friends...I love you all very much. Keri, thank you for bringing us all together this fall. It was just what I needed.