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Multi-layer waterproofing articles including a layer of water-soluble polymer
Multi-layer waterproofing articles including a layer of water-soluble polymer
Patent Drawings:
(2 images)
Date Issued:
December 3, 1996
June 7, 1995
Byrd; Stacy W.
(Chicago, IL)
AMCOL International Corporation
(Arlington Heights, IL)
Primary Examiner:
Choi; Kathleen
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney Or Agent:
Marshall, O'Toole, Gerstein, Murray & Borun
U.S. Class:
Field Of Search:
International Class:
U.S Patent Documents:
Foreign Patent Documents:
Other References:
A multi-layer article that includes a layer of a water-soluble polymer that provides a water-removable, non-tacky film over an adhesive layer and/or acts as an adhesive for securing the multi-layer article to a substrate, such as concrete, when wetted. The article forms a water barrier capable of being secured to an area of potential water flow including a layer of flexible, water-impermeable sheet material having a continuous or discontinuous coating of a water-soluble polymer thereon. When the water-soluble polymer is wetted to at least partially solubilize the water-soluble coating, the polymer readily adheres the article to a substrate at the area of potential water flow. In a preferred embodiment, the flexible sheet material includes a layer of adhesive (tacky material) and the adhesive layer is coated with the layer of water-soluble polymer to eliminate the necessity of using a sheet of release paper to prevent the adhesive layer from adhering to itself, when in roll form, and during handling and installation.
What is claimed is:
1. A composite material comprising
a concrete substrate;
a water-soluble polymer film in a thickness of at least 1 mil and secured to the concrete substrate;
a layer of an adhesive composition secured to the water-soluble polymer layer, said adhesive composition containing a water-swellable bentonite clay in an amount of 35-90% by weight, an elastomer in an amount of 1-20% by weight, and a plasticizerin an amount of 2-50% by weight, based on the total weight of the adhesive composition; and
a flexible water-impermeable sheet material secured to the layer of adhesive composition.
2. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the film of water-soluble polymer is secured to the adhesive composition essentially continuously, and coextensive with the sheet material, and wherein said film of water-soluble polymer has athickness of at least 1.5 mils.
3. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the film of water-soluble polymer is discontinuously coated over the adhesive composition layer.
4. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the water-soluble polymer comprises polyvinyl alcohol.
5. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the water-impermeable sheet material is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, and water-impermeable copolymers including an ethylene, propylene, orvinyl chloride.
6. The composite material of claim 5, wherein the water-soluble polymer has a thickness in the range of about 1.5 mils to about 15 mils.
7. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the water-soluble polymer is selected from the group consisting of: poly(vinyl alcohol); poly(vinyl acetate); copolymers of vinyl alcohol and vinyl acetate; polyvinylpyrrolidone; poly(acrylicacid) and its metal salts; and combinations thereof.
8. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the adhesive composition includes water-swellable sodium bentonite clay in an amount in the range of about 35% to about 90% based on the weight of the adhesive composition, capable of expanding onwater contact to prevent water penetration to the concrete substrate.
The present invention is directed to a multi-layer article that includes a layer of a water-soluble polymer that provides a water-removable, non-tacky film over an adhesive layer and/or acts as an adhesive for securing the multi-layer article toa substrate, such as concrete, when wetted. More particularly, the present invention is directed to a water barrier capable of being secured to an area of potential water flow including a layer of flexible, water-impermeable sheet material having acontinuous or discontinuous coating of a water-soluble polymer thereon. When the water-soluble polymer is wetted to at least partially solubilize the water-soluble coating, the polymer readily adheres the article to a substrate at the area of potentialwater flow. In a preferred embodiment, the flexible sheet material includes a layer of adhesive (tacky material) and the adhesive layer is coated with the layer of water-soluble polymer to eliminate the necessity of using a sheet of release paper toprevent the adhesive layer from adhering to itself, when in roll form, and during handling and installation.
For more than 25 years waterproofing substrates, in the form of flexible sheet materials, have been manufactured for waterproofing areas of potential water flow, such as over concrete decks, plaza decks, concrete foundations, and the like. Onesuch waterproofing sheet material manufactured by W. R. Grace & Co., is called BITUTHENE.RTM. formed from a water-impermeable membrane, such as polyethylene, polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride, and a layer of a bituminous composition containingasphalt, tar or pitch and natural or synthetic rubber, having a ratio by weight of bitumin to rubber greater than about 80:20, and up to about 95:5, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,900,102 and 3,741,856 of John Hurst. As disclosed in the Hurstpatents, because of the adhesive nature of the bituminous adhesive layer, a protective coating is needed, such as siliconized release paper, that is removably adhered to the bituminous adhesive composition layer to prevent the adhesive layer fromadhering to itself during manufacture, handling and installation, or upon manufacture of the waterproofing material in roll form. In order to install the waterproofing article at an area of potential water flow, it is necessary to remove the releasepaper, in very large and cumbersome sheets, from the adhesive layer for contact of the adhesive layer against the area of potential water flow, e.g., against a concrete surface.
Similar release papers are applied to this Assignee's waterproofing membrane structures, as disclosed in this Assignee's Harriett U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,656,062; 4,810,573; 4,733,989; 4,787,780; 4,668,724; and 4,534,926; all hereby incorporated byreference. A sheet of release paper is applied over the bentonite clay/elastomer or polypropene or polybutene compositions described in this Assignee's aforementioned patents to prevent the waterproofing materials from adhering to themselves duringmanufacture, handling and installation, or when the materials are manufactured in roll form.
In accordance with the present invention, it has been found that a coating of a water-soluble polymer, preferably polyvinyl alcohol, having a desired degree of water-solubility, eliminates the disadvantages of the necessity of applying astripable release paper onto the adhesive side of the waterproofing article. Further, quite surprisingly, the water-soluble polymer acts like an anaerobic sealant to tenaciously bond the waterproofing article to the surface of the substrate upon atleast partial hydration of the water-soluble polymer layer, with or without an adjacent layer of an adhesive material.
While water-soluble polymers have been used over water-permeable facing sheets for preventing premature hydration of a water-swellable clay layer thereunder, as disclosed in this Assignee's Alexander U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,053,265; 5,063,100 and5,180,255, the water-soluble polymers have not been recognized as adhesive materials, and have not been used to coat an underlying adhesive layer.
In brief, the present invention is directed to a multi-layer waterproofing article, and method of waterproofing using the article, whereby a water-soluble polymer film or coating forms an outer major surface of the article for avoiding any needfor release paper, and/or for adhesively securing the article to a substrate to be waterproofed.
Accordingly, one aspect of the present invention is to provide a new and improved multi-layer waterproofing article, and method, that includes an outer layer of a water-soluble polymer instead of release paper.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a new and improved multi-layer waterproofing article, and method, that includes an outer layer of a water-soluble polymer, preferably polyvinyl alcohol, that becomes adhesive upon at leastpartial solubilization and drying in place.
Still another aspect of the present invention is to provide a new and improved multi-layer waterproofing article, and method, that is non-tacky when dry, and can be made tacky over an entire major surface, or discontinuously over an entire majorsurface, by wetting to partially solubilize an outer layer of a water-soluble polymer.
These and other aspects, features, and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the detailed description of the preferred embodiments, which is made with reference to the drawings, abrief description of which is provided below.
FIG. 1 is a partially broken-away perspective view of an article of manufacture of the present invention including a water-impermeable top sheet, a lower layer of a water-soluble film and an intermediate adhesive composition layer, such as awater-swellable composition containing bentonite clay;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the apparatus used to manufacture the article of manufacture of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a side view showing a roll of the sheet material of FIG. 1 being applied to a substrate, such as a building material surface, with the film of water-soluble polymer applied against a wetted concrete surface;
FIG. 4 is a partially broken-away perspective view of another article of manufacture of the present invention, similar to the article of FIG. 1, and having a film of water-soluble polymer applied on longitudinal edges as well as on one majorsurface of the article; and
FIGS. 5 and 6 are schematic views of alternate apparatus used to manufacture the article of manufacture of FIG. 1, or similar articles of manufacture.
In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a waterproofing article 40 includes a water-impermeable flexible sheet material 38, e.g., polyethylene, and a layer of an adhesive material 22, preferably a water-swellableclay intimately mixed with a polypropene, a polybutene or a mixture of polypropene and polybutene, to provide a tacky composition having an excellent adhesive quality and capacity for swelling. Preferably, a water-swellable clay, for example sodiumbentonite, is included in the adhesive composition layer in an amount of about 35% to about 90% by weight, and polypropene and/or polybutene is included in the clay composition layer in an amount of about 10% to about 65% by weight of the composition. It should be understood that any essentially water-impermeable or adhesive composition 22 can be secured to the water-impermeable sheet material layer 38, such as the bitumen-rubber composition disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,900,102, hereby incorporatedby reference.
To achieve the full advantage of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the adhesive composition layer 22 should include polypropene, polybutene or mixtures thereof in an amount of at least about 15% by weight. Additional tackifierscompatible with the polypropenes or polybutenes may be included for additional tack so long as the polypropene, polybutene or mixture is included in at least about 10% by weight of the composition. Additional compatible tackifiers may include, forexample, aliphatic petroleum hydrocarbon resins, such as polyisobutylene, polyterpenes, hydrogenated resins, and mixed olefins. Generally, aromatic tackifiers are not suitable since they will bleed to the surface of the composition and separate, therebyreducing the handleability and consistency of the composition. Other additives, such as viscosity controlling agents, fillers, tackifiers and the like may be added in a total amount up to about 20% by weight of the adhesive composition to impart anydesired physical characteristics to the clay composition layer.
The water-swellable colloidal clay utilized in the preferred clay composition embodiment of the multi-layered articles of the present invention is any water-swellable colloidal clay which will hydrate in the presence of water, i.e., will swell inthe presence of water. Preferably, the colloidal clay is bentonite. A preferred bentonite is sodium bentonite which is basically a hydratable montmorillonite clay of the type generally found in the Black Hills region of South Dakota and Wyoming. Thisclay has sodium as a predominant exchange cation. However, the bentonite utilized in accordance with this embodiment of the present invention may also contain other cations such as magnesium and iron. There are cases wherein a montmorillonitepredominant in calcium ions can be converted to a high swelling sodium variety through a well known process called "peptizing". The colloidal clay utilized in this invention may be one or more peptized bentonites. The colloidal clay may also be anymember of the dioctahedral or trioctahedral smectite group or mixtures thereof. Examples are Beidellite, Nontronite, Hectorite and Saponite. The colloidal clay, i.e., bentonite, generally is finely divided as known for use in water barrier panels andthe like, i.e., 150 to 350 mesh.
The polybutenes forming part of the preferred. water-swellable clay composition layer embodiment of the present invention, generally comprise (C.sub.4 H.sub.8).sub.n, where n ranges from about 6 to about 45, having average molecular weights inthe range of about 300 to about 2,500. The commercially available useful polybutenes are predominantly of high molecular weight mono-olefins and can include 100% of the polybutene or include up to about 10% isoparaffins. The polybutenes are chemicallystable, permanently fluid liquids and their tackiness increases with increased molecular weight. The viscosities of the polybutenes range from a consistency of a light oil to a highly viscous fluid having a viscosity range of about 25 to about 4,000centipoises. The lower viscosity polybutenes can be combined with a water-swellable clay to provide a composition having a soupy consistency which is very tacky and difficult to handle depending upon the quantity of water-swellable clay included withinthe clay composition layer of the multi-layer articles of the present invention.
The polypropenes forming part of the preferred water-swellable clay composition layer generally comprise (C.sub.3 H.sub.6).sub.n, where n ranges from about 7 to about 60 having molecular weights in the range of about 300 to about 2,500. Thecommercially available polypropenes useful in the preferred clay composition layer generally are amorphous in character and may be combined with up to about 10% by weight of a suitable processing solvent, such as ligroin, although the polypropenes may beblended with the bentonite easily at elevated temperatures, i.e., 200.degree. C. without a solvent.
To achieve the greatest swelling of the preferred compositions of the present invention, the polypropene or polybutene or mixtures should be present in the composition in an amount of about 15% to about 30% by weight of the total composition.
In testing to determine if the polypropenes and polybutenes would inhibit the swelling characteristics of the water-swellable clay layer, two compositions were prepared--the first containing approximately 78% bentonite and 22% polybutene and thesecond containing about 78% bentonite and 22% polypropene. For comparison, one gram of bentonite alone was placed in one graduated cylinder while one gram of the above two compositions were placed in a second and third graduated cylinder. Each of thecompositions were wetted and permitted to swell for about 48 hours. After complete swelling, it was found that the bentonite alone swelled to a volume of about 9 ml while the two compositions containing polypropene or polybutene swelled to a volume of10 ml.
The addition of an elastomer in an amount of about 1% to about 20% based on the total weight of the preferred water-swellable clay composition layer embodiment of the present invention will substantially increase the handleability of thecomposition without impeding its swellability. To achieve the full advantage of this embodiment of the present invention, the elastomer should be included in an amount of about 2% to about 10% based on the total weight of the clay composition layer. Surprisingly, it has been found that mastication or shearing, i.e., in a sigma blender, of a water-swellable clay composition containing a water-swellable clay, such as bentonite, polypropene and/or polybutene, and an elastomer, actually increases thecapacity of the composition to swell in an amount greater than the water-swellable clay alone; and greater than the water-swellable clay, polypropene/polybutene composition without the elastomer.
In testing the swellability of the water-swellable clay composition layers including an elastomer, the two clay compositions prepared above (polybutene and polypropene) were blended separately in a sigma blender with 4.95% partially cross-linkedbutyl rubber to thoroughly masticate the butyl rubber into the compositions to form two homogeneous blends. One gram of each of the compositions containing 4.95% butyl rubber, 75.25% bentonite clay and 19.8% of polybutene or polypropene were placed intwo graduated cylinders and submerged in water for approximately 48 hours to make sure that the compositions were completely swelled. When completely swelled, one gram of each composition containing the butyl rubber had swollen to approximately 13 ml to14 ml--greater than the swelling which occurred with one gram of bentonite alone and greater than the swelling which occurred with the bentonite/polypropene or bentonite/polybutene compositions, although these compositions without elastomer actuallyincluded more bentonite. The compositions containing the butyl rubber were easily handleable and extrudable to any desired shape and would retain their form when adhered to a surface for water seepage control.
Essentially any elastomer, preferably having at least 100% elongation and, more preferably having at least 500% elongation, can be used in the preferred water-swellable clay composition layer of the present invention to substantially improve thehandleability, cohesiveness and structural integrity of the water-swellable clay composition layer and multi-layered articles manufactured. Partially cross-linked elastomers have been found to be most suitable in improving the consistency, handleabilityand structural integrity of articles requiring such properties, but elastomers which are not cross-linked are also useful, particularly those polymers which are capable of being lightly cross-linked when subjected to the heat generated within theblender, i.e., sigma blender, during mastication and mixing with the other clay composition layer components. Fully, cross-linked elastomers generally are not suitable for incorporation into the clay composition layers of the present invention sincetheir elongation capacity is insufficient to permit full expansion of the water-swellable clay during hydration. However, any elastomer having at least 100% elongation is suitable as a component of the water-swellable clay composition layer of themulti-layered or laminated articles described herein, and included within the scope of the present invention.
Additional suitable elastomers for incorporation into the preferred clay composition layer include polyisobutylene, styrene-butadiene, synthetic and natural rubbers, ethylene-propylene copolymers and terpolymers, halogenated butyl rubber, andpartially cross-linked butyl rubbers having divinylbenzene added to form a terpolymer for the purpose of imparting a degree of "cure". The elastomer can be shredded prior to mastication with the water-swellable clay and polypropenes and/or polybutenesto decrease mixing time, although shredding is not necessary. Mastication and homogeneous flow of the elastomer throughout the water-swellable clay composition layer can be achieved with the elastomer in any desired shape, i.e., pellet form, for examplein a sigma blender.
The water-swellable composition layer embodiment disclosed herein can include additives capable of forming a skin on the composition, such as a copolymer of vinyl toluene with a vegetable drying oil. The compositions containing skins are usefulin accordance with the present invention since the water-soluble polymer layer develops tackiness, upon wetting, for securing the article in place in its intended location. If the water-soluble polymer film is secured as a solid film, an adhesive can beused to secure the film to the skin of the bentonite composition.
A water-swellable clay composition layer 22 can be provided including a water-swellable clay, such as bentonite, in an amount of 35-90% by weight, an elastomer in an amount of 1-20% by weight, and any plasticizer compatible with the elastomer andcapable of plasticizing the elastomer, in an amount of 2-50% by weight based on the total weight of the clay composition layer. The plasticizer improves the workability of the elastomer, extends the elastomer, enables the elastomer to reposition itselfwith expansion of the water-swellable clay, when the clay is wetted, and wets the water-swellable clay surface sufficiently to enable the elastomer to accept substantial amounts of the water-swellable clay (up to about 90%) and to provide a homogeneousclay distribution throughout the elastomer in the clay composition layer.
It has been found that an elastomer having an elongation of at least 100% will permit the water-swellable clay to substantially completely expand upon water contact so long ass the elastomer includes a plasticizer in an amount of at least 2%based on the total weight of the clay composition layer. The elastomer provides exceptionally good structural integrity to the clay composition layer without substantially inhibiting the swellability of the clay. The elastomers should be partially, butnot completely, cross-linked and include, for example, butyl rubber, styrene-butadiene, other synthetic and natural rubbers, ethylene-propylene copolymers, ethylene and propylene terpolymers.
Suitable plasticizers are the relatively low polarity plasticizers including epoxidized oils, such as epoxidized soybean oil; alkyl monoesters such as butyl oleate; long chain partial ether esters, such as butyl cellosolve oleate; long chainalkyl diesters, such as dioctyl adipate and dioctylphthalate; and petroleum-derived plasticizers such as aromatic-naphthenic oils; napthenic-aromatic oils, napthenic-paraffinic oils; and paraffinic oil.
To achieve the full advantage of this clay/plasticizer embodiment for the adhesive layer, the plasticizer should be included in the clay composition layer in an amount of at least about 10% by weight of the composition to plasticize the elastomerand fully wet-out the bentonite. The plasticizers generally are included in an amount of about 10% to about 30% by total weight of the clay composition layer.
Other suitable adhesive compositions that aid in waterproofing include a layer of asphalt, tar or pitch and mixtures of one or more of these bituminous compositions together with natural or synthetic rubber.
Many water-soluble polymers are available, as described in WATER-SOLUBLE SYNTHETIC POLYMERS: PROPERTIES AND BEHAVIOR, Molyneux, Vols. I and II, CRC Press, .COPYRGT. 1983, hereby incorporated by reference. The preferred water-soluble polymerforming a layer or film coating 34 is poly(vinyl alcohol): ##STR1## Since poly(vinyl alcohol) is manufactured from the hydrolysis of poly(vinyl acetate): ##STR2## commercial polyvinyl alcohols always have a portion of unhydrolyzed poly(vinyl acetate) inthe polymer. Above about 25 mol percent vinyl acetate, the polyvinyl alcohol becomes more difficultly solubilized, requiring hot water or more water contact time for complete solubility. Suitable commercial sources for water-soluble poly(vinyl alcohol)at various degrees of hydrolysis include: MONO-SOL water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol film of Chris Craft Industrial Products, Inc., Gary, Ind., e.g., cold water-soluble film M-7030; and ARMOR H-20 water-soluble films from Union Camp Corporation, BagDivision, Old Greenwich, Conn. Other suitable water-soluble polymers include the copolymers of vinyl alcohol and vinyl acetate, e.g., poly(vinyl acetate-co-vinyl alcohol): ##STR3## Also known as partially hydrolyzed poly(vinylacetate) or partiallyacetylated poly(vinyl alcohol), available commercially from DuPont as ELVANOL and from Airco Chemical as VINOL.
Other suitable water-soluble polymers include polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) having a monomeric structure as follows: ##STR4## The water-solubility of PVP can be adjusted according to (1) the degree of hydrolysis of the polyvinylpyrrolidone to takeinto account different thicknesses of PVP films; and (2) by forming a metal salt of PVP, such as sodium or potassium. It is preferred that at least 50% of the PVP monomeric units are hydrolyzed to the structure: ##STR5## and that the PVP be used in thesalt form, e.g., sodium or potassium polyvinylpyrrolidone. Such PVP coatings provide immediate partial solubility of the polymer film when wetted. The molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol or PVP polymers is not critical so long as the polymer iswater-soluble. Excellent results can be obtained with PVP having weight average molecular weights in the range of about 225 to about 1,000,000 or more, preferably about 2,000 to about 100,000.
Other PVP derivatives that are water-soluble include the following: N-Methylpyrrolidone (NMP); N-Ethylpyrrolidone (NEP); and N-Vinylpyrrolidone (NVP), having the structures: ##STR6##
NMP: R=CH.sub.3
NEP: R=CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2
NVP: R=CH.sub.2 CH
Other substituted water-soluble pyrrolidones useful in accordance with the present invention include: N-isopropyl-5-methylpyrrolidone; pyrrolidone-N-acetic acid; N-cyclohexyl-pyrrolidone; and hexamethylene-bis(2-pyrrolidone). It appears thatbest results for polyvinylpyrrolidone and its derivatives are achieved when the PVP has about 80% to about 90% of its monomer units hydrolyzed.
Other water-soluble polymers useful in the multi-layer articles of the present invention include poly(ethylene oxide) having monomer units: --O--(CH.sub.2)--(CH.sub.2)--, hereinafter PEO; available as PLURACOL E from Wyandote, and POLYOX WSR orCARBOWAX from Union Carbide water-soluble even at the very S high molecular weights, e.g., 1,000,000 or more; poly(propylene oxide), having monomer units: ##STR7## water-soluble only in the oligomer form, having weight average molecular weights fromabout 100 to about 1,000, preferably about 100 to about 500; poly(vinyl methyl ether), having monomer units: ##STR8## and their hydrolysis product derivatives. Poly(vinyl methyl ether) is water-soluble and available commercially as GANTREZ M from GAFCorporation and is water-soluble, like PEO, at room temperature, at very high molecular weights, e.g., weight average molecular weights from about 120 to about 1,000,000 and more. Another suitable water-soluble polymer is polyoxymethylene (POM) , havingmonomer units --O--CH.sub.2 --, which are water-soluble in the very short oligomer form, i.e., poly(formaldehyde) and having a melting point of about 180.degree. C., and weight average molecular weights from about 40 to about 400. Oxide copolymers alsoare suitable as the water-soluble coating material, including random and block copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) with a variety of monomers, including propylene oxide and/or poly(propylene oxide). One particularly useful copolymer is sold as PLURONICF68 having a poly(propylene oxide) core molecular weight of about 1,800 and including 80% w/w ethylene oxide units, giving a combined molecular weight for the two outer poly(ethylene oxide) sections of 6,600--for a combined weight average molecularweight of 8,400.
The non cross-linked and lightly cross-linked polyacrylic acid polymers are also suitable, having monomer units: ##STR9## and are commercially available as CARBOPOL resins from B. F. Goodrich and PRIMAL resins from Rohm & Haas. Lightcross-linking will slightly hinder the water-solubility for better adherence of the polymer to a substrate to be waterproofed.
Other, water-soluble derivatives of polyacrylic acid, and substituted polyacrylic acid also are useful in accordance with the present invention, such as poly(methacrylic acid), (PMAA), having a monomeric structure: ##STR10## Similar water-solublepolymers that are suitable in accordance with the present invention include poly(methacrylamide), or PMAAm, having the general monomeric structure: ##STR11## Poly(N,N-Dimethylacrylamide), having the general monomeric structure: ##STR12##Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide), or PIPAAm, having the monomeric structure: ##STR13## Poly(N-acetamidoacrylamide), having a monomeric structure: ##STR14## and Poly(N-acetamidomethacrylamide), having a monomeric structure: ##STR15##
Water-soluble copolymers including any one or more of the above-described acrylic polymers also are useful in accordance with the principles of the present inventions, including the acrylic interpolymers of polyacrylic acid and poly(methacrylicacid); polyacrylic acid with poly(methacrylamide); and polyacrylic acid with methacrylic acid.
Other suitable water-soluble polymers include polyvinyloxazolidone (PVO) and polyvinylmethyloxazolidone (PVMO), having the monomeric structures: ##STR16##
Turning now to the drawings, and initially to FIG. 2, apparatus, generally designated 10, is illustrated in schematic form for extruding the preferred bituminous or clay composition layer 22 of the multi-layer articles of the present inventioninto sheet form. In the preferred embodiment, the water-swellable clay composition 12 comprising an intimate mixture of bentonite, with polypropene and/or polybutene in one embodiment, or with a plasticizer in another embodiment; or other adhesivecomposition, such as the bituminous rubber composition of Hurst U.S. Pat. No. 3,900,102, is thoroughly blended in a homogeneous blend with an elastomer, such as butyl rubber, in a sigma blender 14 to fully masticate the elastomer to provide ahomogeneous adhesive composition into an extruder 16. Auger 18 of extruder 16 forces the bentonite composition through a die opening 20 in extruder 16 to form a sheet, generally designated 22, of water-swellable clay composition. The sheet of material22 is directed onto a conveyor, generally designated 24, including an endless conveyor belt 26 driven around rollers 28 and 30 by a conveyor motor 32. The conveyor 24 can be driven at a variety of predetermined speeds by the conveyor motor 32. Byvarying the speed of the conveyor belt 26 relative to the speed at which the extruded sheet 22 exits the die opening 20, the sheet can be stretched or compressed slightly to vary the thickness of the extruded clay composition sheet 22. The conveyor 24includes a continuous supply of a water-soluble film 34 directed over the conveyor belt 26 for contact against an undersurface 36 of the sheet 22 being extruded through the die opening 20 of extruder 16.
A continuous supply of a water-impermeable sheet material 38 is disposed above the conveyor 24 to direct the sheet material 38 around contact roller 40 to adhere the sheet material 38 to an upper surface 41 of the bentonite composition sheet 22. The resulting laminated article of manufacture, generally designated 40 (FIG. 1), is wound around a take-up roller 44 as the bentonite composition sheet 22 is extruded onto the film of water-soluble polymer 34 to provide the laminate 40 in a coiled, rollform. Similarly, the sheet 40 may be cut to length at a suitable cutting station (not shown).
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the upper sheet material layer 38 and the adhesive layer 22 of the laminated article of manufacture 40 of the present invention should be water-impermeable to provide twowaterproofing seals. The upper sheet material layer 38, under ideal conditions and proper installation will, by itself, prevent water or other liquids from penetrating the laminate 40. Frequently, however, it has been found that imperfect installation,particularly at seams, permits water or other liquid to penetrate a water-impermeable layer intended for waterproofing. Additionally, sometimes cracks or fissures develop in a "water-impermeable" sheet material permitting water penetration.
The bentonite compositions of the preferred embodiment will expand to an unexpected volume upon water contact while maintaining structural integrity to permanently fill any cracks, fissures or gaps left from improper installation, thereby actingas an unexpectedly effective safety valve to insure that the laminate 40 self heals to prevent essentially all liquid penetration to the substrate, e.g., building material or concrete 44 thereunder.
The multi-layer articles 40 of the present invention are particularly effective when applied to building materials, such as wood, concrete, rock and the like, since the articles readily adhere to solid, stable structures at the water-soluble filmlayer 34. If the water-soluble polymer completely washes away, the bentonite layer 22 is sufficiently tacky to provide tenacious adherence to the underlying structure 44.
The water-impermeable upper sheet of material 38 can be any flexible, water-impermeable sheet material, such as polyvinyl chloride, a polyolefin, such as polyethylene or polypropylene, and the like. Generally, the thickness of thewater-impermeable sheet material 38 is on the order of about 3 mils to about 50 mils. The thickness of the film or coating of water-soluble polymer 34 is about 0.1 mil to about 15 mils, preferably about 1 mil to about 3 mils.
The apparatus of FIG. 5, generally designated 50 is illustrated schematically for forming the multi-layer articles including a flexible sheet or web 66, an adhesive layer extruded from composition 12, and a coating of water-soluble polymer 76. In the preferred embodiment, the thoroughly blended clay composition 12 is received in a hopper 52 having a discharge opening 54 disposed in horizontal alignment with a pair of forming rollers 56 and 58 having a predetermined spacing to provide a claycomposition layer of a desired thickness. The forming rollers 56 and 58 are motor (not shown) driven clockwise to push the clay composition through the spacing between them and shape the clay composition into sheet form. It has been found that asuitable lubricant, such as a polyglycol, e.g., polyethylene glycol, in an amount of about 0.5% to 2.0% by weight, added to the clay composition, aids in preventing the clay composition from sticking to the forming rollers 56 and 58 and other apparatusduring manufacturing.
The clay composition, in sheet form, is conveyed over a directional roller 60 and then between pressure rollers 62 and 64 where a sheet or web of water-impermeable flexible sheet material 66 is adhered to the clay composition 12 or any bituminousmaterial, or any adhesive layer. The flexible sheet material 66 can be the same as the sheet material layer 38 described with references to FIGS. 1-4. The pressure applied on the sheet or web of water-impermeable flexible sheet material 66 can beadjusted to make sure the sheet material 66 adheres to the clay composition by adjusting yoke 68 to move the pressure roller 64 closer to or farther from pressure roller 62. The sheet material 66 is supplied between the pressure rollers 62 and 64 from asupply roll 70 of water-impermeable flexible sheet material.
The clay composition sheet material having a sheet or web of water-impermeable sheet material 55 applied thereto proceeds over directional roller 72 and is wound onto a take-up roller 74. During winding on take-up roller 74, a layer or film 76of a water-soluble polymer, preferably poly(vinyl alcohol) is applied over the clay composition sheet material. If desired, the water-soluble polymer can be applied to the clay composition sheet material in liquid form, such as from spray nozzle 80,followed by a drying step (not shown) prior to rolling, as an alternative to applying a solid film of water-Soluble polymer 76 from roll 78. Further, the clay or bituminous layer 22 can be completely omitted prior to applying the water-soluble polymerin liquid form from spray nozzle 80; or an adhesive or light coating of water can be applied from nozzle 80 to adhere the solid film of water-soluble polymer 76, in sheet form, to water-impermeable sheet material 66, from roll 78.
The manufacture of the multi-layer article of manufacture shown schematically in FIG. 6 is very much the same as that shown in FIG. 5 except that the clay composition or other adhesive material 12 is initially received in a hopper 82 having adischarge opening 84 disposed vertically above a pair of forming rollers 86 and 88 having a predetermined spacing to provide an adhesive composition layer of a desired thickness. The vertical disposition of the composition hopper 82 aids, by gravity, inforcing the adhesive composition 12 between motor (not shown) driven forming rollers 86 and 88.
The formed adhesive, e.g., bentonite clay composition in sheet form, is conveyed under a directional roller 90 and then between pressure rollers 92 and 94 where a sheet or web of water-impermeable, flexible sheet material 96 is adhered to theclay composition sheet material. The sheet material 96 can be the same as the sheet material layer 38 described with reference to FIGS. 1-4.
The pressure applied on the sheet or web of water-impermeable flexible sheet material 96 can be adjusted to make sure the sheet material 96 adheres to the layer of adhesive composition 12 by adjusting yoke 98 to move the pressure roller 94 closerto or farther from pressure roller 92. The sheet material 96 is supplied between the pressure rollers 92 and 94 from a supply roll 100 of water-impermeable, flexible sheet material 100.
The clay composition sheet material having a sheet or web of water-impermeable sheet material 96 applied thereto proceeds under directional roller 102 and is wound onto a take-up roller 104. During winding of take-up roller 104, the film orlayer of water-soluble polymer 106 is applied over the adhesive layer to sandwich the adhesive composition sheet material between the water-soluble polymer layer 106 and the flexible, water-impermeable sheet material 96. The water-soluble polymer layer106 acts as an adhesive when wetted and partially solubilized so that the adhesive layer 22 is unnecessary except as a safety barrier to prevent penetration of water. If desired, an adhesive or a light coating of water can be applied to the adhesivecomposition sheet material or to the water-impermeable sheet material 96, such as from spray nozzle 110, to secure the solid film of water-soluble polymer 106 to the water-impermeable sheet material layer 96 or to the adhesive composition 12.
A mixture of 75% by weight sodium bentonite clay, 20% by weight partially cross-linked butyl rubber and 5% by weight polybutene was thoroughly mixed and the rubber masticated to provide a tacky, adhesive waterproofing composition layer 60 milstick. A 30 mil thick layer of medium density polyethylene was applied to a major surface of an extruded layer of the waterproofing composition, and a 1.5 mil thick film of polyvinyl alcohol was applied to an opposite major surface of the extruded layerof waterproofing composition, as shown in FIG. 3. The three-layer article was rolled, as shown in FIG. 2, without the article adhering to itself. After wetting a concrete slab surface with water, the article was pressure applied, as shown in FIG. 4,applying the polyvinyl alcohol-coated major surface of the article against the wetted concrete surface to the substantial exclusion of oxygen between the article and the concrete surface. Twenty-four hours later, the article was tenaciously adhered tothe concrete upper surface. Separating the article from the concrete surface revealed strings of polyvinyl alcohol film tenaciously held and stretched between the bentonite clay-containing adhesive layer and the surface of the concrete, acting as anadhesive.
Numerous modifications and alternative embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the foregoing description. Accordingly, this description is to be construed as illustrative only and is for the purposeof teaching those skilled in the art the best mode of carrying out the invention. The details of the structure may be varied substantially without departing from the spirit of the invention, and the exclusive use of all modifications which come withinthe scope of the appended claims is reserved.
* * * * *
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Rumi Quotes About Death
Rumi Quotes On Death. QuotesGram
Rumi Quotes On Joy. QuotesGram
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soul there is no such thing as separation, Rumi quote (Facebook) More
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Best Friends Poems That Make You Cry Wallpaper Axsoris Ecro - JoBSPapa
quote pictures rumi quote pictures picture 400 rumi
Rumi Quotes On Soul. QuotesGram
Jalal Ad Din Rumi The Delight A Friend Feels When He Hears A Friends
quotes about death of a friend. Osho Quotes on Death – Your
301 Moved Permanently
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silence that began in 1927, lasting until his death in 1969
Before death takes away what you are given, give away what there is to
Tuesday, April 16, 2013
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Winspirations – Inspirations for the weekends

subset: commoncrawl


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Chrissy Teigen & John Legend Get Ready for Taylor Swift's Concert at DirecTV Now Super Saturday Night
Chrissy Teigen and John Legend are kicking off their 2017 Super Bowl celebrations!
The 31-year-old model and the 38-year-old "Love Me Now" singer coupled up for the 2017 DIRECTV NOW Super Saturday Night Concert held at Club Nomadic on Saturday (February 4) in Houston, Texas.
Also in attendance were Ruby Rose, Vince Vaughn, Hannah Ferguson, Thomas Rhett, Jonathan Tucker, Hailey Clauson, and Ron Livingston.
Taylor will take the stage tonight at the annual event as part of her multi-year deal with AT&T, which also features content and performances for her channel Taylor Swift NOW.
FYI: Chrissy is wearing an Alon Livne dress and LACE by Jenny Wu earrings. Ruby is wearing an Off White jacket, Billy shirt, Dsquared2 pants, Louis Vuitton boots, and an Alexander Wang backpack.
20+ pictures inside of Chrissy Teigen, John Legend, and more at the event…


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*Seal continues to fight the good fight following his separation from wife Heidi Klum, and not just because he continues to wear his wedding ring.
In an interview on "Piers Morgan Tonight," the singer said he still thinks there is a chance he and the former supermodel may get back together.
"It may happen, I can't speak for her," Seal, 48, said Tuesday. "Is it irreparable? You can never say never. The thing I love most about us is that we are a team … that won't change, whether we get back together or not."
However, he did say he didn't know if he wanted to work things out right now. "If it were that easy — if there weren't problems, we'd still be together. That is the reality."
Seal and Klum, 38, announced Sunday they were separating after eight years of marriage. The couple, who famously renewed their vows every year, have three children together: Henry, 6, Johan, 5, and Lou, 2. (Klum's oldest daughter, 7-year-old Leni, is from a previous relationship)."My love for her has not waned one iota," he said. "I love her with all my heart. How can you not love somebody [who] you've spent eight years with?"
Despite their estrangement, Seal has continued to wear his wedding ring in interviews and other appearances, something he insists is not for show.
"I'm still wearing my wedding ring because I'm still married to this incredible woman," he said. "What this means to me and what it stands for [is] respect, it stands for loyalty, it stands for incredible memories, and it stands for these four little miracles — and Heidi, making five — that have come into my life."
Watch Seal's interview below:


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Having any sort of mental illness means that urges are strong and frustrating. For months I've had such a need to shave my hair off, it felt like it wasn't even an option, it was something I had to do, but apparently people will "worry" and think I've "gone mad".
So yesterday I sat down and chopped my hair off. I didn't go too drastic but even so it felt liberating. Just being able to cut away something that is so easy to become attached to, and forget it ever existed. If you're contemplating this- go for it!
Here's my before and after-
That was it in a pony and then a fishtail braid, probably just past my boob..
And this is it now! I'm hoping to upload the video of me cutting it off as soon as possible. Hope you like it!
Goodbye for now little buns!


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Muhammad Asif aka DJ Butt, an entertainer whose beats punctuated political rhetoric at the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) sit-in in Islamabad last year, claimed on Monday that the party owes him Rs80 million.
"My total payment for playing music at the PTI sit-in was Rs140 million but I have only been paid Rs60 million so far," DJ Butt said, while speaking to Express News.
"I will go to court if my payment is withheld," he said, adding the party still owes him Rs80 million.
Further, Butt, who has been working with PTI since 2010, said, "My daily pay was Rs0.6 million." He added he owes Rs50 million to people for services.
In September 2014, during the sit-in, Butt was arrested by law enforcers on charges of abetment.
Soon after the news broke, #JusticeForDJButt started trending on Twitter:
Not supporting any political party but just saying, pti itni batain krti hai, pehlay DJ ka bill to clear kr day #JusticeForDJButt— sarmadsaleem (@khanssarmad) July 6, 2015
July 6, 2015
#PTI was supposed to pay Rs.600,000 per day, yes it was for one day. This is enough to make 2 cemented class rooms.#JusticeForDJButt— ☄ (@AswadBinAzraq) July 6, 2015
A copy of DJ Butt's bills can be viewed here:


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Hello all, just a short post to let you all know that the podcast is now available on iTunes… finally. Thanks to my podcasting hero David Bernstein of Fredcast and Spokesmen fame, I am now available as a download on iTunes. I'm still learning all the intricacies of it all… but I'm there now.
A new podcast will be up soon; I'm going to record a new one either today or tomorrow.
Thanks again for your patience and for listening.


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Looking to help empower young girls, 'Sole Girls' is an activity group that focuses on encouraging confidence, friendship and healthy activities.
The non-competitive environment created with 'Sole Girls' enables participants to work through tough stages by connecting with other girls their age and working through issues together.
The rise in technological integration has created a rift for Gen Z that has many staying inside more than previous generations. As such, 'Sole Girls' helps to offer a healthy activity group that has participants train weekly and finish the program off with a 5km run.
Started by Ashley Willes, 'Sole Girls' is described by the founder: "We want to empower girls to love themselves, and connect them with awesome mentors and give them all the tools we can to keep them in sport and standing up to bullies. We're really using physical activity as a space that's non-competitive and inclusive, they learn a lot about releasing their inner awesome."
Empowering Tween Activity Groups
More Stats +/-
Device-Free Dance Parties
Pizza-Themed Sleepaway Camps
Luxury Fitness Retreats
Aquatic Mermaid Lessons
Tween Influencer Communities
'Sole Girls' Brings Young Girls Together to Socialize and Train
- By: Michael HemsworthSep 20, 2016
References: solegirls.org & tricitynews
References: solegirls.org & tricitynews


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**3 bedrooms; bonus room upstairs; 3 baths and 1800sqft above ground**
NEW FLOOR PLAN FROM DAYTONA HOMES – 'AURA-Z' AND IT IS MODERN AND CAPTURES LOTS OF SUNLIGHT! Great functional layout for families. Three bedrooms on the second level, bonus room, laundry room, and master bedroom with ensuite including shower and dual sinks. Main floor is open with kitchen, tech desk area, and island including stainless steel appliances and quartz countertops, living room with electric fireplace and dining room with sliding door. Double attached garage too! This home backs onto a park and green space and you will appreciate the south facing back yard. This is a wonderful family community neighboring Land O' Lakes Golf Course and restaurants and strip mall.


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Tony Romo found Jason Witten for the winning touchdown after a series of Dallas mistakes put the New York Giants in position to beat the Cowboys in an opener for the first time.
Now the Dallas quarterback has to figure out how to make the comeback turn into more victories without All-Pro receiver Dez Bryant, who will miss four to six weeks with a broken right foot.
"We'll try to reassess that and figure out where to put guys," Romo said after his 11-yard scoring toss to Witten with 7 seconds left gave the Cowboys a 27-26 win over the Giants. "No one can replace Dez Bryant, but it's my job to help that whole situation."
The Cowboys drove 72 yards in...


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thus I have put together some images of wonderful one piece bating suits that will ensure we look our best. After all fashion does inspire interiors!
Image via thisisnext.com
This bathing suit is very traditional in its colours and style as well. The blue and white with the separation of the belt is very similar to what someone would wear everyday to work. It also emulates the colours of a traditional light house inspired cottage.
image via Victoria Secret
This bathing suit I would say encapsulates my style in fashion and interiors. The dark seductive colour paired with mixed metals in the straps and her accessories suggest classic elegance with a touch of a vintage feel. I like to mix different medias in unexpected ways to layer lots of texture, much like the effect her bathing suit gives off. It also reminds me of one of my favourite time time in history, the roaring 20's - Great Gatsby Esq!
Image via fashionbelief.com
This bathing suit for me is very retro chic. It reminds me of shabby chic as well. This could easily set the tone for living space.
image via veranohigh.com
This image reminds me of images of hotels in france and italy. The architecture of the building is echoed in the style of her bathing suit, accessories, and well defined hairstyle.
image via Victoria Secret
This whole image for me is a mood board waiting to happen for a very laid back cottage. Imagine the white linen couches, sandy beige woven carpets, and blue sea accessories!
I would like to add that not only are the one pieces above stunning but so are photo shoot sets!
As we can see our choice in fashion has a direct effect on our decor choices and vice versa. I hope you all loved my last minute bathing suit ideas and interior decor thoughts!
Talk to you later!
Liberty xoxo


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Waves crash hard against
you, but stand up; see how, too,
they have washed you clean.
I have learned to kiss the waves that throw me against the Rock of Ages.
Charles Spurgeon
Sometimes bravery comes in the form of waking up and getting out of bed in the morning. And that's okay. But I can't let that be the only brave thing I do every day for the rest of my life. I yearn for days where my bravery takes me somewhere new, muscles and mind left sore from the stretching and burning of hard work and willpower.
I am stuck somewhere between dreams and doubt, and it's an abrasive, gravelly place to live. Days are scratchy. Unformed, like sand on the shore.
But grace is the ocean. There is grace (abounding); there is truth (alarming); there is time (allowing).
Grace is the ocean, and truth and time, too–oceans with ebbing waves are soothing and supple, carrying with them beautiful, unbroken things like refracted sunlight and seashells that echo sounds into eternity and back. And sometimes the same ocean, or another, will have waves that crash and clamor their way toward shore, languid but loud in their demand for space and sediment, and the tides like grasping thin fingers tear you beneath the surface of the water, leaving you gasping and graceless, washing away the very ground to stand on.
But you stand up because you know staying down will do you no better than it did the sand that is being washed away. You stand up to see that the very waves that crashed into you also washed you clean, and the dry scratching of the sand is to no effect when you're submerged and swimming in the ocean.
And you begin to see why one might kiss the waves that hurl you to where you are, as you feel your muscles and mind ache with the hard work and willpower you yearned for just before you were washed from the shore.


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If you're looking for a new bed, especially if you're looking for a way to save space, then you should look at the bunk beds at www.dreams.co.uk. When Walker gets a little older, we'll definitely transition to bunks!
We just finished the boys room a few weeks ago. They've shared for a while now, but once we switched them to a different room upstairs and decorated it all new for them, it became "their" room. It's fun to sit outside the room at night and listen to them whisper together. It's even better to check on them at night and find little brother has crawled into bed with big brother. <3
I always wanted a sister to share a room with! I think storage should be the focus. And also laying everything out so it doesn't look too chopped up. I'm sure you'll make it look fabulous! Charlie is getting so big!
I shared a room as a child with my sister up until my Senior year of high school. I do think sharing as children is fun for those scary stormy nights and endless hours of playing but at a certain age I believe a child should have their own space if you can do it. I do think it promotes sharing and compromise better.
It melts my heart seeing my two boys love on each other. My son James is 2 and my son Oliver is 9 months. I am not sure if they will share a room; but if they did, I would make sure to honor them as individuals since they are so close in age. They will be sharing a bathroom, so I need to figure out what "theme" I want . . . isn't it so fun!! xo Samantha
Sweetness! I love the idea of children sharing a room.
As the oldest of five girls...I have to say that it was overrated, sharing. It's more fun for the little ones, probably. I would not use the word 'magical' - unless you had that experience. I couldn't get my homework done, etc.
On practical matters, storage is really important & also no one wants to feel like a baby with their stuff. It's really important to feel like you have your own space. I think too many people are imposing their idealized vision of it...your children are not toys. (I don't mean you personally...I mean in general:)
Kate - you make a couple of fantastic points. "Magical" may very well be an over statement. We fully intend to give them separate rooms when they become school aged. Thats a ways off, though. I'll definitely be focusing on storage and creating individual nooks for them both. Thanks for your comment!
How adorable are these guys! As the youngest of five, I shared until I was a teen.. and I never really minded. Our 3 kids all have their own rooms, and every weekend they chose one room and all have a"sleepover" togehter, so there you go!
i shared a room with my brother, until finally i give up with his messy habit :D
XoXo ...
sharing is fun and important part of learning how to think of others as well, but it is also important to have something of their own, such as a locker or such where they can keep their trinkets, toys and stuff that are important ... their little nook...my boys had to share up until they were 10-12... it helps them learn about respect too!
I shared a room with my sister growing up. I didn't particularily enjoy it, but likely because we were too far apart in age (6 years difference). We only played together for a short time (while she was still playing with Barbies and I was just starting to) but then she quickly became a pre-teen and I was still a kid and then the bickering started. Neither one of us could really have our friends over since we both wanted to be in the room at the same time (and we had no other play room). I was very glad when my brother went away to college and she moved into his room - finally we had our own space.
Your boys look so sweet and being so close in age, I'm sure they'll have some fun times together! Individual nooks are a great idea so that they have a little spot of their own. :)
I take it you asked the older boy and he's happy about it. Sharing a room with my sister wasn't a choice with me. It was more fun as a little kid, but school age or maybe 9 or 10 is probably good timing to let them have their own rooms. I had to wait til I was fifteen for my own room. I was SO happy when it finally happened. - Jean
Yes, Jean... we made sure to talk with our older boy about the possibility. He thought it was a great idea and even invited his baby brother to sleep in his room. If our older one wasn't happy about it, we probably wouldn't have done it.


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Oswego, NY – Tom Gillen today received the endorsement of Congressman Bill Owens in the race for Oswego Mayor.
"Tom Gillen has deep roots in his community and knows what it takes to move Oswego forward," said Congressman Owens. "Through his business expertise he understands how best to create jobs and further develop the city's economy. I believe Tom is the right person for the job and I am pleased to support him in his bid to become the next Mayor of Oswego."
Congressman Owens joins New York State Governor Andrew Cuomo and United States Senator Kirsten Gillibrand in the chorus of support Gillen has amassed in the last two weeks. Consistently recognized for his business management acumen and forward-thinking policies, the Gillen for Mayor Campaign continues to gain momentum heading into Election Day.
"Congressman Owens has been a great representative for the people of Oswego and the entire 23rd Congressional District," said Tom Gillen. "I am honored to receive his endorsement and look forward to a long and productive relationship with his office to ensure that we keep Oswego moving in the right direction."
Gillen has spent the final full week of the campaign continuing his on-going conversation with the citizens of Oswego, knocking on doors and meeting with community leaders.
"This campaign has been about listening to the people of Oswego," said Gillen. "By working together, building consensus and tackling our challenges head-on, there is no problem we cannot fix."
The Gillen for Mayor Campaign will hold Get Out The Vote activities throughout the weekend and Election Day.


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treasure hunting...
I mean, it is what it is, an old, slightly shabby photo of three smiling children sporting rather dodgy haircuts and hand knitted jumpers. The frame is a tawdry gold and white and it bulges slightly at the back, unfortunately there isn't a treasure map or family fortune tucked behind, I checked.
I'm going to sell this, and I'm really hoping that whomever buys it won't mind my asking why?
6 comments:
Hi JusReplyDelete
Just caught up with your fantastic summer posts. Your photos are stunning. You are a clever woman indeed.Thanks for you kind comments and bloggy visits. I love your shelves. I managed to pick up a stunning Poole dish in Warkworth the other day to match one I already have and I love it. It would look great on your shelf. Enjoy the sunny days...
Thanks a lot….you are going to make me look strange now. But there is something about it that I love…..I think it's the fact that it almost takes you back to your own childhood. Anyhow I do like it,creepy as it may be.ReplyDelete
Lou xxx
we would have some fun going to the fleamarket together..ReplyDelete
Our kids generation have no stamina for the odd, mine were terrified when I showed them the black & white version of that totally odd Black & White Minstrels Show. Me - I like that picture, they look happy in a frozen you will stand there kind of way. Don't know that I would want to see it every day though.ReplyDelete
I love the dodgy haircut comment. I think it's great! I really like the frame. I like the details at the corners! I love your blog! I hope you are well. It's really cold in Texas this evening! I was wearing shorts yesterday and tomorrow we may break a cold weather record. Crazy Houston weather! Thank you for visiting my blog again. :) Hugs, HeatherReplyDelete
I like it! It would be one of those things I would pick up at a sale and bring home and then my Mr. would make a face and shake his head at me in that 'my wife is a nutter' kind of way.ReplyDelete
I'm just imagining the person behind the camera saying, "Now you three, go over to that clump of dead grass and dirt mounds. Johnny and Sally, on your knees, and Timmy - you stand holding the football awkwardly please - nice. Now all you look over at your uncle Larry and say 'cheese!'"


text: A U.S. drone in the sky over Kandahar Air Field in Afghanistan. Kirsty Wigglesworth/AP hide caption toggle caption Kirsty Wigglesworth/AP The Two-Way U.S. Citizen May Be Targeted With Drone Strike: Reports February 10, 2014 Multiple news outlets are reporting being told by U.S. officials that the Obama administration is considering whether to try to kill a U.S. citizen who has allegedly joined al-Qaida overseas. The individual, whose name has not been released, is alleged to be planning attacks against Americans.


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Happily, I'm nearing the end of my painting.
Don't get me wrong, I love working on it, but I also can't wait to see what it's all going to look like when it's finished.
I think it looks pretty cool.
I'm also in the market for some inspiration for my next piece. I don't know what I'm going to do yet.
I've been thinking about something with Strawberry IceCream, but you know, not sure yet.
Any thoughts or ideas would be appreciated!
And here's a gratuitous picture of my bird. Her name is Diablo and she is very very loud.
(But cute):


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An old photo of the Cameo – apparently the only one that could be found – showing its original signage. Photo via City of Orlando
At yesterday's Orlando City Council meeting, commissioners agreed to approve an application to re-create the cool old sign that used to adorn the Cameo theater building on East Colonial Drive.
According to an application to the city's Small Business Facade Program, which helps defray the cost of facade improvements for local business owners, building owner Jorge Boone wants to put a replica of the original Cameo sign on top of the building "to re-establish the identity of the building and bring a sense of history and place to the area." The project is expected to cost around $29,000 and the city agreed to Boone's request for $14,000 through the facade program. The new 18-foot-long sign will use the same retro font as the original, and it will be lit with more than 300 LED bulbs.
According to Bungalower.com, the Cameo was built in 1939 as a movie theater, but later became offices for IBM in the 1950s. The Cinema Treasures website says the theater was only open for about five years in its original incarnation.
By 2009-ish, the building looked like this:
Photo via Cinema Treasures
Over the years, it has served as the home to the Greater Orlando Actors Theater, it has hosted an eclectic variety live music shows and an occasional venue for various art shows. Today it's home to Snap! Orlando, which has turned it into Snap! Space, a stellar art gallery. "We are thrilled for [the sign] to be brought back to life and [can't wait] to see the Cameo in lights again," said Snap! owners Patrick and Holly Kahn today.


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Luton Town have announced that Mick Harford has returned to Kenilworth Road as the club's new chief recruitment officer.
The 56-year-old former Hatters player, coach and manager, will work alongside manager Nathan Jones and chief executive Gary Sweet to establish a new scouting network for Luton Town.
"We're looking to bring in young, hungry and energetic players, players who are on their way up rather than on their way down."Mick Harford
Harford will be responsible for building a database of players to identify and help recruit talented players as Sweet said: "This is a brand-new role and one that we feel is perfect for Mick and for Luton Town.
"I don't know anybody better to identify talent for this club than Mick.
"Very few people know more about the footballing traditions of this club than Mick following his two successful spells as a player in the top-flight for us – and we feel he knows the right players and characters we need to aspire to where we want to be.
"As a board we felt we could have performed better on the pitch and could have provided more entertainment to our supporters since our promotion back to the Football League, and feel that together with Nathan – whose appointment is fundamental and crucial in our bid to re-establish our footballing DNA – Mick will play an important role in the future of our club.
"It's the first time we have specifically placed emphasis on such a role at Kenilworth Road. It will be Mick's task of growing his own scouting network and recommending players he believes match Nathan's thinking.
"We feel given Mick's previous experience and success in identifying players will be of great use to us and Nathan - and who better than a person of Mick's ilk?
"Nathan will, of course, have his own targets but we see Mick supporting him from now in attracting the best and most appropriate for this club. There is a responsibility for looking after our long-term objectives with thorough research and due consideration made on all signings."
Meanwhile, Harford, who racked up 92 goals in 217 games during his time with the club and led the team to the Johnstone's Paint Trophy victory in 2009 as manager, added: "It's an absolute pleasure to be back, I'm looking forward to the challenge.
"I've come in with a blank sheet of paper to restructure the scouting network, i.e. get scouts in and around the country, profile players and identify the type of player Nathan wants.
"The way he we wants to play his football is going to be a different philosophy to past managers who have been here and myself, Nathan and Gary are all of the same thinking.
"We're looking to bring in young, hungry and energetic players, hopefully people with value, players who are on their way up rather than on their way down – and who'll fit into the ethos of what Nathan wants to build and the ethos of the way Luton Town want to play their football."


text:
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Schedule (all
times Eastern)
Click here for the Cheers Schedule on Nick at Nite
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text: Before their eyes the Temple of Karsis had transformed. Now a black stone pyramid rose into the sky, growing still. A massive portal raged at the top and something huge loomed into view. Disgorged from the portal directly down onto the flat pyramid top was a gigantic tentacled, primordial monstrosity. The twenty-foot-high thing wriggled its ropelike tentacles and four more portals instantly opened, one at each corner of the pyramid. Lesser elementals of all types began to stream through. An invasion had begun.


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Welcome to WebmasterWorld Guest from 22.214.171.124
Forum Moderators: martinibuster
I waited three days for the ads to revert back to the relevant ones and then wrote AdSense. While nothing happened rapidly they did take the time to address the problem and it is now all corrected. One page in particular didn't seem to get corrected so I wrote back and within 24 hours the targeting was corrected with a nice e-mail from the service rep.
I have high praise for them in dealing with this individual problem.


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Although Wag the Slate is a blog, we're not going to behave like a blog as far as self-promotion is concerned. The fact of the matter is, we're already a large community (the fray), so we don't have to engage in the usual blog rolling, enemy's lists, commenting and linking to other blogs. That's not to say you can't, just that it's not necessary. What you can do is promote Wag the Slate in the fray on a regular or occasional basis. You can do this passively by, for example, signing your fray posts with a link to Wag the Slate.
Join Wag the Slate
Or you can be proactive, and top post about Wag the Slate in your home fray, or directly mention Wag the Slate to one of your favorite posters who you'd like to see contribute.
The idea being we regularly/occasionally promote Wag the Slate to the fray just as Slate promotes the fray to its readers. So, if you're so inclined, remember to creatively mention Wag the Slate in the fray.
Back to Introduction to Wag the Slate « or » Next FAQ Answer
Friday, August 18, 2006
5. (How) Should I promote Wag the Slate?
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Sebens Named Parkland Golf Coach
July 15th, 2015
The Parkland College Athletic Department is pleased to announce that Corbin Sebens will continue on as the Cobra Golf Coach. Sebens was named the interim coach in November 2014 after former coach Zachary McNabney resigned due to health reasons. Sebens coached the team this past spring after McNabney's passing in January. Under Sebens, the Cobras won the Illinois College Blue Boy Invite and were the Region 24 Runner-Up, losing by just one stroke to ICC for a trip to Nationals.
"I am very happy that Corbin will return as our Head Coach" said Parkland Athletic Director Rod Lovett. "Corbin took over during a very difficult time and handled his responsibilities admirably." "He is knowledgeable and enthusiastic and is determined to build on the success that Coach McNabney and his teams achieved."


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|Rocks once covered by a huge rushing river
I am spending a couple of days in Piracicaba, a medium-sized town outside of São Paulo. I have blogged on it last year. The crown jewel of Piracicaba is its huge river--fast moving with a rocky bed covered with water. Or not.
|A beautiful old building with three aquariums and tubed-in water rushing over the window
|First city with water tubes. I am really good at water terminology translations
The Museum now consists of two buildings--the pump station and a building that houses three large aquarium tanks (well, three foot long tanks--I am wondering what happens when one of the fish in there reaches its predicted length of 6 feet. On second thought, I'd rather not think about it). Water rushes in a man-made falls at the side of this building, and under your feet covered by a somewhat sketchy metal grill.
|On the bright side, it's quite pretty not covered by water.
One of the best features of the museum is its view of the river. Or what was the river. There is a beautiful part of the river that rushes over a rock bed, splashing and jumping and zooming downhill. But not today. It is all dry. Instead, there is a tiny trickle on the far side, and a few lost-looking herons picking about looking for fish. I hope they found some.
After the museum, we went to the park where we played soccer on crunchy grass. The current drought is ugly. Yesterday there was finally an article in the newspaper that spelled out disaster. We are now trolling the "dead volume" of all of the water reservoirs in the São Paulo area. And its disappearing faster than expected because people are not taking this seriously enough. We are not going to have enough to through to September and some more rains. And of course this has a name: El Niño. I almost hate when this term comes up--it has another name which is Bad Planning. We are not prepared for drought in this state--there are too many people and not enough supply.
I miss the river. Hope it comes back soon.


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Category Archives: Toronto Maple Leafs
Toronto Maple Leaf News and Rumors
Leafs Cancel Team Photo! Change To Come?
This was reported by Eklund from hockeybuzz.com, so take it for what it is. The article stated that the Leafs have cancelled the team photo which was scheduled for this afternoon. I am one to jump the gun, so I'm going to say that there are changes coming in Leaf Land, if not now, then in the near future. What are your thoughts on the cancellation?
Peddie: JFJ can't fire Maurice, doesn't have the authority to.&q
So who really is running things in Leafland like I've stated before, Peddie, or JFJ. John Ferguson still has a job. But he has no real power left.
Does Paul Maurice Remember What He Said Before The Season Started?
Does Paul Maurice even remember what he even said before the season started? Well, if you don't, here is some review, he said, "We will make the playoffs, and compete for the Stanley Cup." Does that sound fimilliar anyone? Ya, what are the chances of that happening for the Leafs? Ya, not much of a good chance! Paul Maurice looks like an idiot now because he said that! The Leafs arn't going anywhere right now!
What do you think will happen to the Leafs at the end of the season?
Here are some potential interim General Manager candidates for the Leafs.
Hey guys,
Here are some experienced onetime NHL executives who could help the Leafs map out an action plan for the team's long-term future by becoming the club's interim General Manager in place of John Ferguson for the remainder of this season.
I should be the GM – Leaf Moves Upcoming
OK…Here goes my little rant on possible moves…
1stly – Kaberle has not been playing like the player of old, many teams covet him…the San Jose connection seems possible. I say look at Washighton!!.. Ovechkin is going to be signed to an offer sheet for crazy money somewhere come the summer…why not beat everyone to the punch! as I'm sure someone will. I mean if you sell off to Washington for OV at least you have a franchise player.
Sundin: I have no wish to move
Amid word that the Toronto Maple Leafs may be willing to trade him, forward Mats Sundin tells Toronto Sun's Lance Hornby that he has no intentions of asking for a move out of town.
"That's very safe to say," Sundin said. "I didn't sign a one-year deal last summer to (better accommodate a trade), I want to be a Leaf."
Interesting Leafs Should Clean House Article
The Sun Media is reporting that it may be time for the Leafs to clear house.
Sundin Speculation
Coming from a true die hard Flyers fan, I am tired of the Leafs articles on here, and when I came across this one, it explains exactly what the Leafs should do with Mats Sundin so we don't need about 100 more articles until he gets traded.
Given their current predicament, there really is only one unthinkable result to this season for the Maple Leafs.
That would be to miss the Stanley Cups playoffs – already a likely result – and then allow Mats Sundin to walk out the door as an unrestricted free agent at season's end.
Enough is Enough
MLSE For Sale?
Now that I have seen the full segment on this, I decided to re-write my original article. According to Al Strachan, Russian-Canadian Billionaire Alexander Schnaider has inquired about purchasing at lea
Leafs Up For Sale???
I was watching The Spin with Steve Kouleas, Steve Ludzik and Al Strachan on The Score tonight. Well, I don't usually pay attention to these guys but something quite interesting caught my eye. According to at least Strachan anyways, Russian Billionaire Roman Abramovich is interested in buying MLSE. And he isn't just any old Russian Billionaire, Abramovich is the same person who tried buying the Vancouver Canucks a few years ago but failed.
A little history on Abramovich. According to a Russian finance magazine, as of January 2007, Abramovich's worth is apparently over 21 Billion dollars. Abramovich also bought Chelsea FC of the English Soccer Premiership and immediately poured funds into the team in order to produce a winner. Money is no option for Abramovich as he reportedly offered AC Milan over 89 million dollars for one single player (Andrei Shevchenko). Abramovich is also an owner of the CSKA Moscow soccer club.
give the kid a chance
With the recent injury to Toskola , and both raycroft and clemmenson playing worse then trevvor kidd did in 03/04. Why not give Pogge a chance, the kid has been playing well for the marlies this year with a 12-2-4 record and a .909 save percentage why not give him a chance to show us what he gots. What do you guys think?
TML; A Fans POV
There are many articles posted that offer Joe Random's two cents on their favourite team and how they should trade for Sidney Crosby and Alexander Ovenchkin. A lot of these articles come from ignorant leaf fans such as myself. Unfortenetly for those of you who are looking for an article that insists that John Ferguson Jr. should trade our garbage for pure goal scorers and first round picks, that is not the type of article this is. Hopefully this will inform leaf fans such as myself as too where the leafs stand and how the team can improve.


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CIS Home
Tik-61.181 Informaatiotekniikan erikoiskurssi I (4 ov) (L)
Bioinformatics is about the creation and development of advanced information and computational technologies for problems in biology. Special emphasis is usually on computational molecular biology, especially analyzing the genome. Advanced methods are needed for analyzing the vast amounts of data produced by the human genome project and data of other species - for extracting genes and especially for understanding the functions of the genes.
The purpose of the course is to learn about the methods that are being used in bioinformatics. Biological background will be treated to the extent that is necessary.
Tentative application areas include genomic sequence analysis, protein structure prediction, phylogenetic trees, and analysis of gene expression data obtained from DNA chips. The methods will include pattern discovery methods used in data mining, probabilistic models, and models of computational intelligence.
The course will be concluded in a symposium on bioinformatics, in which invited speakers will talk about their research. Tentative speakers include Prof. Juha Kere of the Finnish Genome Center and Prof. Eero Castren of the A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences.
The course is based on the following material:
1. J. Setubal and J. Meidanis: Introduction to Computational Molecular Biology, Brooks/Cole Publishing Company 1997. Available at least in electronic bookstores.
S.L. Salzberg, D.B. Searls and S. Kasif: Computational Methods in Molecular Biology, Elsevier 1999.
Available at least in electronic bookstores.
3. R. Durbin, S. Eddy, A. Krogh and G. Mitchison: Biological Sequence Analysis, Probabilistic models of proteins and nucleic acids, Cambridge University Press. Available at least in electronic bookstores.
P. Baldi and S. Brunak: Bioinformatics, The machine learning approach, MIT Press 1998.
5. Research articles:
Expression profiling using cDNA microarrays (Duggan et al., Nature gen. suppl., vol 21, Jan 1999)
Gene expression data analysis (Brazma & Vilo, FEBS Letters 480, 2000,p.17-24)
A post-genomic challenge: learning to read patterns of protein synthesis (Alison Abbot,news briefing, Nature, vol. 402, 1999)
Clustering gene expression patterns (Ben-Dor, ACM recomb 1999, pp.33-42)
Interpreting patterns of gene expression with self-organizing maps: Methods and application to hetopoietic differentiation (Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA, vol96,pp.2907-2912,1999)
Cluster analysis and display of genome-wide expression patterns (Eisen et al. PNAS USA, vol95, pp. 14863-14868,1998)
Knowledge-based analysis of microarray gene expression data by using support vectro machines (Brown et al. ,PNAS 2000, vol 97.,pp.262-267)
Singular value decomposition for genome-wide expression data processing and modeling (Alter et al., PNAS 2000, vol.97,pp.10101-10106)
Identifying gene regulatory networks from experimental data (Chen et al., ACM RECOMB 1999, pp.94-103)
Predicting gene regulatory elements in silico on a genomic scale (Brazma et
al., Genome, vol 8, pp.1202-1215, 1998)
To pass the course (4cr), you have to
More email@example.com (tel. 451 3266)
firstname.lastname@example.com (tel. 040 749 9040)
firstname.lastname@example.com (tel. 451 5463)
Tuesday, 21-Nov-2000 10:58:55 EET


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Helping Your Children Sleep
Do you feel like you've tried everything in the book to get your child to sleep through the night?
Are sleep struggles with your child leaving you exhausted?
Does your child...
- have a meltdown when it's time for bed
- refuse a normal nightly routine
- need naps during the day that destroy hope of them sleeping through the night
Would you like to...
- confidently help your child sleep through the night
- put an end to bed wetting, night terrors, and bedtime tantrums
- have more energy to connect with your child and your partner
self guided online class
appropriate for ages 0-10
Our research based approach is trusted by over a million parents worldwide
What you'll get
- 19 Instructional Videos (10-15 min each for easy retention) ($79 Value)
- Instant access to these transformative videos, mp3s, and reading materials
- Unlimited access 24/7 for one year
- 9 "Listening to Children" e-booklets ($24 value)
The videos and resources in this course are filled with great examples of how to connect more deeply with your children and how to help them sleep. I noticed that after trying out some of the techniques with my son and listening to him cry through his fears about falling asleep by himself, he seemed happier and more relaxed at bedtime.
Julie Johnson Berkeley, CA
Topics covered
- The 5 step method to help your child sleep through the night
- Building sleep confidence
- Overcoming night terrors, restless sleep, and bedwetting
- The steps to relaxed sleep
- How to handle your own emotional moments
All the work we did around sleep have loosened up stuck spots in other areas, too. Since sleeping in her own bed, a new confidence has emerged in my daughter. She asked for the training wheels to come off her bike, she asked to start swimming lessons, and she has expressed interest in violin. I don't think this is a coincidence.
Susan Derby Los Angeles, CA
You'll also learn
- How to take small steps towards a full nights sleep
- How to set limits around bedtime
- How to identify the source of your child's sleep anxiety
- Why a sense of connection is so vital to your child's sleep
- The importance of emotional support for yourself
self guided online class
appropriate for ages 0-10
Our research based approach is trusted by over a million parents worldwide


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These chain mail beads are so striking when combined with large-hole beads and a neck chain. They also look dramatic when paired with leather, rigid metal, or a wide omega chain. People always comment when I wear mine!
They are created with the Beez to Butterflies weave, and would be perfect to wear with a matching bracelet.
Included In This Kit
• Easy-to-follow, step-by-step, illustrated directions
• Jwweller's bronze jump rings in 2 sizes; all rings are saw-cut and polished.
• There are sufficient rings to make 3 beads.
• 4 Regaliz™ black ceramic beads.
• A gold-plated metal neck chain.
Tools You Will Need
• 2 pairs of smooth jawed jewelers' pliers (flatnose, chainnose, bentnose)
• Super-fine emery board or metal file


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Play this fun multi-player game with up to four players.
Take turns at blowing up the balloon until it pops!
› App Store
Fade out the noise around you while playing a relaxing game of ZenTone.
Just plug in your headphones, start up ZenTone and forget the stressful world around you. Listen to and replay beautiful randomly composed melodies.
› App Store
Apple TV
Bazaari is a game of matching gems of the same color.
At least two gems need to be connected to remove them.
Pile up big chunks of gems of the same color to get more points.
Remove all gems from the board to get maximum score.


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UP to seek DGCA nod for Taj airport
Application will be filed under the union government's Greenfield Airport Guidelines - 2008lucknow Updated: Jun 21, 2013 11:21 IST
The state government will soon file an application with the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) and the union defence ministry to get a first stage approval to set up a greenfield international airport at Kurikupa (near Hirangaon) in Tundla tehsil of Firozabad. This application will be filed under the union government's Greenfield Airport Guidelines2008.
"We will soon file the application with the DGCA and the defence ministry following the state cabinet's nod to the Hirangaon site for the proposed Greenfield Taj International Airport project," said secretary, Tourism, Sanjiv Saran.
As the Taj International Airport is another ambitious project of chief minister Akhilesh Yadav, the state government considered nearly eight sites to avoid objections on technical grounds. Finally, the choice narrowed down to Hirangaon, 25 kilometres from Agra.
"This site is nearly 195 km away from the IGI New Delhi. So, the state government will not have to seek any relaxation required for a greenfield airport that is set up within a 150km radius of an international airport," said Saran, adding, "once set up, the new airport will pave the way for economic development in Agra, Mathura and Firozabad."
After seeking the preliminary approval from the DGCA and the defence ministry, the state government will move ahead to get a feasibility report to implement the project under the public private partnership (PPP) model.
As per estimates, the new airport will require private investment of about Rs 1000 crore to Rs 1200 crore. Its proposed airstrip of 4500 metres is longest in the country. It will be extendable to 6000 metres, if so required at any stage.
The state government will need about 3700 acres of land for the airport. About 1200 acres of degraded forestland is already there and 500 acres of government land will also be available for it. The remaining land will be acquired in the nearby areas. "This site requires minimum displacement. Only four villages with low population will be displaced by the project," said a senior officer.
Asked about the Congress' opposition to the site and the demand to set up the airport on Agra-Mathura road, another officer said the state government had considered all other options before finalising this site.
The Agra-Mathura road site was too close to Mathura Refinery and approach of the aircraft would have been within its 10 km range, said the officer. "The air funnel of the new site is parallel to the Kheria airport in Agra. Thus, there will be no clash in the air funnel of the two airports," he said.
Earlier, the Mayawati government had proposed an international airport project near Jewar in Greater Noida but it did not get the centre's nod as this was within a 150-km radius of the IGI airport. The Samajwadi Party government, however, scrapped the project and appointed consultants to select a new site.
First Published: Jun 21, 2013 11:01 IST


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from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition
- n. Pathology An abnormal concretion in the body, usually formed of mineral salts and found in the gallbladder, kidney, or urinary bladder, for example.
- n. Dentistry See tartar.
- n. Mathematics The branch of mathematics that deals with limits and the differentiation and integration of functions of one or more variables.
- n. Mathematics A method of analysis or calculation using a special symbolic notation.
- n. Mathematics The combined mathematics of differential calculus and integral calculus.
- n. A system or method of calculation: "[a] dazzling grasp of the nation's byzantine budget calculus" ( David M. Alpern).
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
- n. calculation, computation
- n. Any formal system in which symbolic expressions are manipulated according to fixed rules.
- n. Differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject; analysis.
- n. A stony concretion that forms in a bodily organ.
- n. Deposits of calcium phosphate salts on teeth.
- n. A decision-making method, especially one appropriate for a specialised realm.
from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English
- n. Any solid concretion, formed in any part of the body, but most frequent in the organs that act as reservoirs, and in the passages connected with them
- n. A method of computation; any process of reasoning by the use of symbols; any branch of mathematics that may involve calculation.
from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. A small stone; a pebble.
- n. In pathology, a general term for inorganic concretions of various kinds formed in various parts of the body.
- n. In mathematics, any highly systematic method of treating a large variety of problems by the use of some peculiar system of algebraic notation.
from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
- n. the branch of mathematics that is concerned with limits and with the differentiation and integration of functions
- n. a hard lump produced by the concretion of mineral salts; found in hollow organs or ducts of the body
- n. an incrustation that forms on the teeth and gums
from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
Be it women, money, power or fame, the calculus is the same. drkrick says:
So Midland, plainly put, you think we should spend money on killing people for the political benefit of the Democratic party, and that anyone who objects to this calculus is a petulant child?
For the GOPer base, the calculus is the following: Tax money spent on infrastructure, running the gov't and and foreign and domestic programs?
For the GOPer base, the calculus is the following:
Another thing about calculus is that I didn't actually retain a lot of the information.
Steven Levitt, Arnold Kling | EconLog | Library of Economics and Liberty
I'm sure they'll regret putting the world's drug industry out of business, but the political calculus is pretty clear.
Quack Remedy, Arnold Kling | EconLog | Library of Economics and Liberty
I went from getting As in calculus to getting B minuses and Cs. I just couldn't concentrate.
The Governor's political calculus is clear: It is better to leave public services in tatters than impose higher taxes on corporations reaping record profits in the midst of the Great Recession.
Elissa D. Barrett: To the Righteous, Wealth Is a Greater Test Than Poverty
The concept of how one's welfare, well-being, or utility is personal and not easy to measure, even after the extraordinary developments in calculus and the marginal revolution in economics in the 1700s and 1800s, was understood long before Marshall's statement of the problem.
My Latest Paper on Austrian Economics - and Why I Keep Writing Them, Bryan Caplan | EconLog | Library of Economics and Liberty
If you think that calculus is anywhere near as important to know as statistics, I believe you are at least a generation out of date.
Should Empirics Determine the Curriculum?, Arnold Kling | EconLog | Library of Economics and Liberty
I'll get right to work. ;)
I'm still waiting for Life for the Kinesthetic Learner.
Having taken calculus in both high school and college, I think that standard curriculum really doesn't appeal to the kinesthetic modality. A life goal of mine is to write the new classic, Calculus for the Kinesthetic Learner. Actually understanding the stuff is an intermediate goal that I keep putting off. ;)


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I received the following email in response to questions posted on my first post about Ghost Towns of McDonald County. It is wonderful to have the excellent resources of our county librarians to help with this.
I looked over the comments and questions that your students posted. I couldn't
find a link to post the answers and my comments, so if you could pass this on
to your students, I would appreciate it.
I am glad that your class was excited about learning about ghost towns.
Hopefully, one of them will be interested enough to explore further, so
that someday they can pass along this history when someone in the
next generation asks about it, just as I did.
**Ashley and Jeffery wrote that they didn't think there was so much history
in McDonald County. Please let them know that I can show them pictures and
tell them stories that would blow their minds. Our county has a tremendous
history- some good and some not.
** Jonathan said it was cool to have a ghost town because if you are tired of
people, you can go to the ghost town and camp. Please tell him not to camp
at Coy. It is situated along Patterson Creek and copperheads already camp
there, and don't like to share their space.
** Kiley asked why the town was called Coy. The answer is speculative but
I believe it was because a farmer by the name of George McCoy was one of
the early settlers and they shortened the name from McCoy to Coy.
That is the way they sometimes named towns. Anderson was named after
Robert Anderson; Noel is named after Willis Bridges Noel, and Goodman was
named after Lowell Goodman.
** Colby and Francisco wanted to know if people are still allowed to go there
and if they give tours. Yes, you can travel the road that leads to Coy but there
are no tours scheduled. Sadly, there is not a single building or landmark that
remains that suggests the town ever existed. It is a beautiful spot, though.
If you would like the location, here it is:
From Anderson, drive west on Hwy 76 West 4 1'2 miles to Coy Road- turn
right (north). Appproximately, one mile down that road, you will come to a
bridge. Before crossing the bridge on the right hand side, there was once a store,
blacksmith shop, and mill. The canning factory was located nearby. As you
cross the bridge, you come to a fork in the road. That road is named Patterson
Creek Road. If you turn right, you will see a group of lakes on the right hand side
that are beautiful. If you take a left at the fork, you will see farmland on the left
along the creek and on the right hand side, you will see the Mitchell Cemetery. My
husband's great-great grandfather settled there in 1850 and his son, Robert Lee,
later deeded the land to be used as a cemetery without charge to those who wish
to be buried there. My husband and I decorate it for Memorial Day and keep it
mowed and neat.
[Cemeteries are special to those who have loved family members buried there.]
Now about Cowskin:
Wade and Trystan want to know how Cowskin got its' name. This is what it
written in one of our history books, Sturgis History of McDonald County:
Beginning in the northwest part of the county, the first stream of note, is Buffalo Creek,
flowing and passing into Indian Territory near Tiff City. It is a beautiful stream of clear,
cold water, fed by various streams, and along its' banks are some of the richest farm
lands in McDonald County. It was named many years before a white man thought of
settling on its' banks. The name, Buffalo, was given this creek by the first Catholic
missionary that ever visited the Indians of this part of America. During his journey,
supposedly, heavy rain fell and the Buffalo Creek, as well as Elk River, rose until it was
past fording, and the camp was obliged to go into camp between the two streams until
the water level came down. While being delayed, a buffalo cow was killed by one of the
parties camping there, and the skin was preserved. From this event, the missionary
gave the name, Cowskin to the river. The exact
The location of Cowskin Prairie starts at Saratoga Springs, just west of Noel edging
southward about two miles to Southwest City,and westward about ten miles, extending
northward to Elk River, southwest of Anderson on Hwy 43 . It extends westward about
five miles into Indian Territory(now known as Oklahoma) in Delaware County.
As I mentioned before, it was the scene of some Civil War encampments during the
years of 1861-1865.
Thank you, class for all your kind words and appreciation for our Library. We try to
make it a fun and worthwhile place to visit. Hope to see you soon.