text:
The evidence, presented above, that the Jebel Barkal pinnacle was perceived as a gigantic natural "statue" containing many "hidden" divine aspects, derives strong corroboration from Spells 162-165 of the Book of the Dead - the so-called "Nubian Chapters" - which date from the New Kingdom and continued in use well into the Ptolemaic era (Lesko 2002, 2006). These texts are easily recognized as Nubian, first, since Spell 163 makes a rare explicit reference to Jebel Barkal as "the Ipet, mountain <of Napata> of Nubia," second, since they employ untranslatable names and words, which Spell 164 specifically identifies as of "the speech of the tribesmen of Nubia," and third, since Amun with the characterisitics of Kamutef is the main god invoked. These texts all seem to be describing a mysterious, not-quite-perceptible deity, combining Osiris, Re, Atum, Amun-Kamutef and other gods, sometimes with several goddesses, and it is difficult not to believe that we have before us a series of graphic ancient descriptions of the deified Jebel Barkal pinnacle. The vignettes accompanying these texts even picture this strange polymorphic god.Spell 162 invokes a god that seems to be Amun, although he is not explicitly named. He is a solar god; he is said to be the father of Re (hence an aspect of the primeval sun god Atum); he is said to wear Amun's "double plumes;" he is called by Amun's familiar epithet "swift of step" and he is recognized by his invocation, in the colophon, as "Father, Most Hidden of the Hidden." In the text, however, he is called "Lion of Might", which recalls not only Amun's familiar epithet from Kawa, "Lion over the South Country," or his half-ram, half-lion form at Pnubs, but also his appearance as a lion-headed man in the western rooms of the Temple of Ramses III at Medinet Habu (fig. 69), where he appears with other primeval forms of the god, who are all similarly represented at Jebel Barkal (Epigraphic Survey 1964, pl. 512) (See below, III, I). Otherwise, the text seems to be describing a figure concealed within an Eye/Uraeus (=Pinnacle?). He is called "lord of the White Crown, who is equipped with the flail… lord of the phallus…. lord of forms, numerous of aspects, who conceals himself in the Eye (udjat) from his children." The text seems to be telling us that an Eye/Uraeus (Pinnacle?) conceals a hidden image of Amun as Lion-Kamutef, whose only clearly visible attributes are his White Crown and phallus! (Allen 1974, 157-58; Verhoeven 1993).
Fig.69: Ramses III, "beloved of Min-Kamutef," offering incense and libations to Amun "Great of Dignity", represented as a lion, followed by Amunet. From the western chambers at Medinet Habu. (Epigraphic Survey 1964, pl. 512)
In Spell 162 Variant, the deceased, as Osiris, prays to the same lion god with the same attributes, who is further identified as the "beautiful one who dawns in the disk of Re." Halfway through the spell, however, the deceased suddenly addresses Osiris, who "dawns as the Moon." Here the text presents the two gods (surely Re and Osiris) as day and night aspects of the same being, manifested as the Sun and Moon – which reminds us that the "two Eyes/Uraei of god" (i.e. Sun and Moon) were present in the right and left sides of the pinnacle (see above, III, B) (cf. Parker, Leclant, and Goyon 1979, 73-74; Assmann 1995, 180-181, 184-185) (See also fig. 75). From this point the spell continues much like the Osiris-hymn in B 700: "You renew your youth…forever and ever in your rejuventation…Osiris in the sky…You come as the inundation that waters, you provide for the fields (and) all the flowers…" Then it abruptly says of Osiris: "Your ka is enduring and your phallus is within the maidens…You are lord of the Uraeus (i'ret) … King of the Gods. You are youthful forever and ever" (Allen 1974, 158). Obviously if the text is speaking of the Jebel Barkal pinnacle, Osiris manifests himself in the rock not only as the eternal essence of kingship (ka), but also as the phallus "within the maidens" (=uraeus goddesses) – and as the uraeus itself! Spell 163 begins with a series of obscure references to the ba of a deceased or unborn solar god (the unnamed Re, or Amun-Re) in the Underworld, who is said to rest in the "great corpse" of an unnamed god (Osiris), who is immersed in the waters of a marsh (See fig. 75). (This seems to be a discreetly worded refrence to the culminating point of the Underworld journey of the Sun God, in which the ba of Re unites with Osiris in order to be reborn as Khepri. This merging of the two gods recalls and repeats the moment of creation, when they were One , the water: "Venerable ba who came forth from the Nun, Primeval One who emerged in the beginning": Assmann 1995, 135). The deceased in the spell, who also rests in the corpse of Osiris, then makes a wish to merge with the Sun's ba and to protect him from danger. At this point the god's fire becomes "kindled within the water" (possibly an allusion to the red color of the Nile reflecting the first glow of dawn when seen from the summit of Jebel Barkal [see next]), and the deceased begs the Sun God to protect him for eternity with his flaming breath (uraeus?). He then says of the god: "The limits of heaven are under your ba, and this land is under your statue (seshem)." How can we come to any other conclusion but that this "statue" is the pinnacle?
The spell then says of the deceased ("Osiris"): "His ba enters into his corpse and vice versa. He is one hidden within the pupil of the Eye (udjat)." The comment suggests that he has become one with the sun by merging with the pinnacle/Eye/Uraeus. In the next sentence we are told that the deceased, now a solar ba himself, "sets northwest of the Ipet, mountain (ta/dehenet) <of Napata> of Nubia, without journeying to the east" - a reference which places us squarely at Jebel Barkal (Adrom 2004, 12)!
The comment that the deceased sets behind the mountain "without journeying to the east" is puzzling, but it must be an allusion to the local reversal of river directions caused by the great bend of the Nile, where the traditional "west" (left) bank in Egypt (i.e. the symbolic land of the dead) becomes the "east" bank at Napata (i.e. the symbolic land of the resurrected), and where the "west" (right) bank at Napata (home of the primeval demiurge, resident within Jebel Barkal) becomes the "east" bank in Egypt (home of the reborn universal god, resident within Karnak). The text may imply that any solar rising at Napata would occur on the left bank, which is river "west," thus making it impossible to"journey to the east." Since both banks are "west," we seem to be completely in the Underworld here. On the other hand, sunrise does occur, which indicates that solar rebirth takes place in the realm of Osiris, which is precisely what happens in the great New Kingdom royal mortuary texts: the Book of the Amduat, the Book of Gates, and the Book of Caverns, etc. (Piankoff 1954). Do these texts, thus, mean to tell us that the sun was reborn in Nubia, at Napata? Taharqo certainly believed so, for it was such knowledge that prompted him to locate his pyramid at Nuri – on the river "west" bank, which lies in the place of sunrise on New Year's Day when viewed from the summit of Jebel Barkal (see III, F). As this sunrise marked the day of the anniversary of Creation, the king could be reborn as Osiris with the rising Nile every year for "millions of years." After the solar ba "sets behind the Ipet, mountain of Napata in Nubia," Spell 163 continues by invoking the god by his different names or aspects: "O Amun, Ka (=bull= phallus=essence of kingship), Khepri, lord of the two Eyes/Uraei, Fierce of Pupil is your name; Osiris [i.e. the deceased] is the support of your two Eyes/Uraei; Shersher is the name of one; Shep netjerwy who creates the ka, is the name of the other….Atum, who illumines for himself the Two Lands, is his true, true name…" Here, it seems, the text is telling us that the pinnacle is Amun, as well as his ka (the king) and phallus (thus Amun Kamutef); it is all aspects of the sun; it is both Eyes/Uraei; it is the place where the ka is created; it is all goddesses; it is the image of Osiris and the personification of kingship past; and it is Atum, personification of Creation, the totality, and of kingship present and eternal! Differing from the other spells, Spell 164 seems to be making allusions to the pinnacle as the leonine goddess Sekhmet-Bastet, "Eye of Re," who later in the text is identified as Mut and Weret-Hekau. (The latter goddesses, it will be remembered, are those at Jebel Barkal who occupy B 300 and B 1100[?], respectively). She is also called "royal wife of the lion god Heq," which is the Amun-aspect described in Spells 162 and 162 Variant. In 162, the god is called "He of Heqheqed…Embracer of the Great Goddess." Obviously, if the god and goddess were manifested in the pinnacle simultaneously, then they would be in a state of permanent "embrace," which means that their identities – and sexes – would be merged, like the strange detiy pictured in the Khonsu Temple at Thebes (cf. fig. 57) (Allen 1974, 160, n 63).Finally Spell 165 is addressed directly to Amun: "O you towering one, towering one (bekhenu)! The eldest, eldest! Amun, Amun! The lion, Magician, eldest of the gods of the east of the sky…hidden of aspect, mysterious of form, lord of the two horns… Amun of the Pillars …O Amun, I ask of you, for I know your name; your forms (kheperu) are in my mouth, and your outward aspect (inu) is in my eyes. Come to your heir, your image (seshem="statue"), Osiris [So-and-so (name of the deceased)]… Your name is Hidden One" (Allen 1974, 161).
It would be hard to imagine a more a direct and poetic description of the Jebel Barkal pinnacle than this! And once again we find the god's name linked to the word "Pillar" (iun) here in the plural (iunu), reminding us again of the relationship between Heliopolis (Iunu: "Pillar Town") and Jebel Barkal, and suggesting perhaps that all four of the projections on the mountain's cliff face were conceived as divine images (Kendall 2004, 2-8, 41). Was it these pseudo-"statues," each standing about 70-75 m high, which inspired Ramses II to carve his own colossal ka statues, about one quarter the height of the former, in the living rock fronting his temples at Abu Simbel (figs. 70)?
Fig. 70: The façade of the Great Temple of Ramses II at Abu Simbel, carved with four seated statues of the king's ka, each 20 m in height (cf. figs. 60-62). (Photo: T. Kendall).
If these spells cryptically describe Jebel Barkal and the gods manifested in its pinnacle, their vignettes also seem to picture them. For example, the most basic illustration of Spell 163 is an arching snake with two legs (fig. 71) (Faulkner 2005, 180). The sideways-S shape of the serpent's body is the same as that of the snake of Taharqo's strange uraeus statue of Kamutef from Luxor, which - equally cryptically - references Jebel Barkal (fig. 72). This snake appears again with added detail in more elaborate versions of the vignette (fig. 73), and the spell itself provides the following instructions for drawing it:
"To be said over (the image of) a snake possessing two feet and wearing disk and horns, while two udjat eyes are provided with feet and wings. What is in the pupil of one is the image of a (deity) with upraised arm and the face of (Bes) wearing twin plumes, its back being (that of) a falcon. What is in the pupil of the other is the image of (a deity) with upraised arm and the face of (the goddess) Neith wearing twin plumes, its back being (that of) a falcon (Allen 1974, 159-160).
Fig. 73: Vignette illustrating Spells 163 and 164 of the Book of the Dead. Present again is the S-shaped serpent, here wearing the crown of Re as the nocturnal solar ba (Osiris/Re) (see figs. 74, 75), and personifying the place of solar rebirth. The two eyes with legs symbolize the "Two Eyes of God" – the royal and divine uraei, manifested in the Jebel Barkal pinnacle. The ithyphallic goddess and dwarf Kamutefs illustrate the numerous deities of both sexes present within the rock. (Papyrus BM 10257, Faulkner 1972, 163).
From this we learn that the two-legged snake could also be pictured wearing a disk and horns, which identifies him as the form of the sun god (solar ba) who travels on his bark through the Underworld by night (fig. 74). A painting in the tomb of Nofretari informs us that the god, thus crowned, was the sun god of the Underworld in whom resided both Osiris and Re (fig. 75). The horizontal horns he wears were those of the male of the sheep species Ovis longipes palaeoaegypticus, which when pictured as a hieroglyph had the phonetic value "ba," a sound imitating the animal's bleat (Richter 2008, 77). The horizontal horns, in other words, indicated that the god who wore them was a ba – that is, the eternally living solar aspect of the deceased Osiris, who renewed himself daily as Re by uniting with Osiris' corpse or mummy in the Netherworld.
Fig. 74: The Sun God (as ba of Osiris) traversing the Underworld in his night-bark, enveloped by the arching protective serpent Mehen, who also symbolizes the place and event of the sun's transformation in the Underworld (See below, III, I)
Fig. 75: The goddesses Nephthys and Isis tend the mummy of the god Re, in whom the ba's of both Re and Osiris reside. It is this form of the sun which travels the Underworld by night and merged with Osiris in order to be resurrected at dawn as a newborn sun. The text at lower left reads: "Osiris rests in Re." The text at right reads: "This Re rests in Osiris." From the tomb of Nofretari. (Thausing and Goedicke 1971, pl. 41)
The full vignette of Spell 163 (fig. 73) included two udjat eyes with legs - appearently symbolizing the two Eyes/Uraei envisioned within the pinnacle. The text called for a pair of additional Kamutef figures, one with a male and the other a female head – again recalling the dual-sexed nature of both the god and the pinnacle. In fig. 73, the latter two beings are not shown as described, but versions of them figure in the vignette of Spell 164, the instructions for which called for an image of an ithyphallic goddess with multiple heads - representing at once Kamutef and each of the select female deities embodied in the royal and divine uraei – and pinnacle:
"To be said over (an image of) Mut having 3 faces – one, the face of Pekhat ("Revealed One"=a lioness) wearing twin plumes, another, a human face wearing the White and Red Crowns, another, a vulture's face (i.e. Nekhbet) wearing twin plumes – and having a phallus, wings, and lion's claws…with one dwarf standing before her and (one) behind her, facing her, wearing twin plumes and with upraised arm, having two faces, one like a falcon, the other like a human face …" (Allen 1974, 160-161).
Very similar dwarf figures, human and ram-headed, combined with leonine goddesses (Eye of Re/Horus) and udjat eyes, and figures of Re with two heads comprise most of the amulet types found at el-Kurru (Dunham, RCK I, pls. 50-54). In a variant of these vignettes, from a papyrus in Brooklyn (fig. 76), the two-legged serpent is now identified as "Atum, Lord of Pillar-town (=Heliopolis), Lord of the Two Lands, Lord of Pillar-town (sic!)," who holds before him a solar disk containing the image of a child king. Atum, of course, was the god of sunset, primeval time and original kingship, but what he holds in his hands symbolizes sunrise, rebirth, and renewed kingship. The sideways-S-shaped form of the serpent, therefore, like the snake in fig. 71, was a symbol of resurrection and the nightly renewal of the sun. This Atum serpent stands in front of a fantastic composite deity, surrounded by fire hieroglyphs. He is plainly a form of Kamutef – ithyphallic, with upraised arm - who nevertheless manifests many other gods, indicated by their stack of heads: Bes, Horus/Re, Amun (ram-headed), Lion, Serpent, and Anubis. The figure is crowned by Heh, who symbolizes "millions of years." In this and the figure of the ithyphallic goddess in fig. 73 we perhaps see visualized in two ways the towering rock at Jebel Barkal, in which all aspects of the Creator were thought to be manifested – keeping in mind the statement in BD 163 that "Atum, who illumines for himself the Two Lands, is his true, true name." Such iconography, of course, was transferred and applied to all other Creation sites in Egypt, so that, in time, it probably became a general symbol for "Heliopolises" everywhere. By the Late Period, as manifested in such monuments as the Metternich Stela, every religious site in Egypt, it seems, had its own unique heraldic symbol of this type, which alluded to its local myth (Allen 2005, 50-54).
Fig. 76: Alternate vignette of Spell 163: The god Atum "of Heliopolis" takes the form of the serpent of cyclical solar and royal decline and rebirth. The composite deity he faces is Kamutef transforming into many gods. The text written beside the latter describes him as both the "eldest" and also "Khepri (the new born sun) rising." The images would seem to be secretive renderings of Napata and its god. (Mysliwiec 1978, fig. 62)
The Nubian Spells of the Book of the Dead reveal to us that the Egyptians believed that a mysterious Creator God, having and uniting many forms, resided far to the south of their own country – in a land that was a kind of Underworld - where they believed the Sun was born, where time began, where kingship emerged, where Osiris dwelt, from which the Nile inundation emanated each year, and to which the sun traveled each night for his daily rebirth. The spells provide clues that this place was Napata. Taharqo, too, believed that this place was Napata – the mid-point of the great bend of the Nile, where the riverbanks had exactly the opposite symbolic meanings they had in Egypt - where river "west" became east, and where, thus, "death" became "life." He built his tomb northeast of Jebel Barkal, on the "west" bank, to ensure his own (and the god's) resurrection. Since in all these aspects Jebel Barkal (southern Ipet-Sut) appears to have had the same god and ritual significance as Luxor Temple (Ipet-resyt: "Southern Ipet") at Thebes, we must now revisit the theory, first seriously proposed by Pamminger (1992), that Luxor Temple was built by the Egyptians as a way of housing locally the primeval Nubian god, recognized to dwell at the Nile headwaters in Kush, so that the kings could conveniently visit him at Thebes without the necessity of having to make the arduous journey to his "real home" at Jebel Barkal, approximately 1250 kilometers upriver.
Fig. 75: The goddesses Nephthys and Isis tend the mummy of Re in whom the ba's of both Re and Osiris reside. It is this form of the sun which travels the Underworld by night and which united with Osiris in order to be resurrected at dawn as a newborn sun. The text at lower left reads: "Osiris rests in Re." The text at right reads: "This Re rests in Osiris." From the tomb of Nofretari. (credit needed)
Copyright 2010 by Timothy Kendall - All articles by T. Kendall unless otherwise noted.


text:
Bretz, J Harlen
(b. Saranac, Michigan, 2 September 1882; d. Homewood, Illinois, 3 February 1981),
glacial geology, origin of limestone caves, Earth science education.
J Harlen Bretz ("J" is his entire first name, not an abbreviation to be followed by a period) was the central figure in one of the most important controversies in the history of geology. In a series of papers in the 1920s and 1930s, Bretz formulated and defended the hypothesis that cataclysmic flooding during the last Ice Age produced the unusual landscape of the channeled scabland region of eastern Washington State. The controversy lasted until the 1960s and 1970s, by which time overwhelming field evidence combined with new understandings of flood mechanics, erosion, and sedimentation to convince most geologists that immense flooding was indeed the cause of the channeled scabland landscape.
Early Life. J Harlen Bretz was born on 2 September 1882, in Saranac, Michigan, to Oliver and Rhoda Bretz, on the family farm. His father dabbled in farming but worked mainly in a store (variety and furniture) and in an undertaking business, both of which he owned. The young J Harlen Bretz (his original given name was Harley) had intense interests in amateur astronomy and in exploring the natural environment around the family farm, including the nearby Grand River. He attended Albion College, where he studied biology and received an AB degree in 1905. At Albion he also met classmate Fanny Challis, who became his wife in 1906. Subsequently, as a high school teacher in Flint, Michigan, Bretz developed a strong amateur interest in glacial geology. He produced his first publication on the topic in 1907, and after later moving to Washington to teach at Seattle High School, Bretz's hobby evolved into his profession. He organized his mostly self-financed field studies of glacial geology in the Puget Sound region into a PhD dissertation, which was awarded summa cum laude from the University of Chicago in 1913. His thesis advisors at Chicago were the renowned glacial geologists Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin and Rollin D. Salisbury.
Bretz was appointed assistant professor of geology at the University of Washington for the 1913–1914 term. He was not happy at the university, complaining of his department's textbook and lecture methods and of the lack of attention paid to field studies. An urgent appeal from Salisbury to help with field-oriented teaching at the University of Chicago induced him to move there in 1915 at the starting rank of instructor, but by 1921 he had moved up to the tenured rank of associate professor. Bretz's work in teaching geology field courses, however, soon brought him back to the Northwest, initially to the Columbia River Gorge between Washington and Oregon. In 1922 his summer field course for advanced students initiated a study of the channeled scabland landscape in eastern Washington.
Flood Hypotheses. Bretz formally presented his famous hypothesis in a 1923 paper, "The Channeled Scablands of the Columbia Plateau," published in the Journal of Geology. He proposed that a huge late Pleistocene flood (now dated at about sixteen thousand years ago) emanated from the margins of the nearby Cordilleran Ice Sheet, which then covered much of western Canada, extending from Alaska down to Puget Sound and the northern parts of Washington State, Idaho, and Montana. Named the Spokane Flood for its then-presumed source area, this cataclysm neatly accounted for numerous interrelated aspects of the channeled scabland landscape. The immense volumes of floodwater, up to 200 meters (about 660 feet) deep, were recorded by high-level spillways that developed when preflood valleys were inundated beyond their capacities, inducing the floodwater to spill over divides from one valley to another. Over a region of about 150 by 200 kilometers (about 490 to 660 feet) this process joined various preflood valleys into an anastomosing complex of dividing and rejoining channels. (Anastomosing refers to an interlacing network pattern of branching and reuniting channels.) This phenomenally deep floodwater was moving fast enough to produce an unusual form of erosion in the basalt bedrock, called "scabland" erosion because of its jagged appearance. Bretz also interpreted great mounds of fluvial gravel in the scabland channels to be subfluvial river bars, deposited in somewhat slower-moving portions of the floodwater. The name "channeled scabland" was applied to the entire complex of features. Farther downstream the flood passed through the Columbia Gorge, then formed a huge gravel delta at the location of present-day Portland, Oregon, and finally passed on into the Pacific Ocean.
All this proved too much for the geological community of the time. At the 12 January 1927 meeting of the Washington (D.C.) Academy of Sciences, Bretz was invited to defend his "outrageous" hypothesis before an audience of uniformly skeptical scientists. His oral presentation was followed by six other talks, all of which were sharply critical of the flood theory. For the next few decades, despite Bretz's continuing efforts, including twenty major papers on the topic, the geological community largely resisted the cataclysmic flood hypothesis. Among the many geologists who published papers opposing the Spokane Flood hypothesis, some of the best-known are Oscar E. Meinzer, Richard Foster Flint, James Gilluly, and William H. Hobbs.
Resolution of the controversy came gradually, initially with the recognition by Joseph Thomas Pardee of a plausible source for the huge amounts of floodwater. In the 1940s Pardee showed that the ice-dammed Pleistocene glacial Lake Missoula, holding about 2,500 cubic kilometers (600 cubic miles) of water, formed in northern Idaho and western Montana and subsequently drained very rapidly to the channeled scabland. Eventually, the accumulating field evidence became overwhelming, particularly when Bretz and others synthesized new data obtained by the Bureau of Reclamation during the development of the Columbia Basin Irrigation Project in the 1950s. Especially important for convincing the skeptics was the discovery that giant current ripples cap many of the scabland gravel mounds that Bretz had correctly interpreted in the 1920s to be river bars. Resembling the relatively tiny ripple marks that form along the sandy bottoms of active rivers, the giant scabland ripples occur in trains of twenty or
more, with individual ripples of up to 10 meters (some 33 feet) in height and 100 meters in spacing. Instead of sand, these ripples are composed of flood gravel and boulders up to a meter in diameter. By the 1960s and 1970s, as this evidence mounted and as advances occurred in the understanding of the physical processes of cataclysmic flooding, Bretz's bold hypothesis came to be almost universally accepted.
The debates of the 1920s and 1930s over the origin of the channeled scabland are important to geology for methodological reasons. The prolonged nature of the Spokane Flood controversy arose in part because of the adherence of many geologists to substantive and epistemological notions of uniformitarianism, a principle that was erroneously thought to underpin their science. According to the most common, mistaken applications of the uniformitarian principle, cataclysmic processes, such as those responsible for the origin of the channeled scab-land, were considered to be unsuitable topics for scientific investigation. This doctrine had originally arisen with Charles Lyell (1797–1875), who used it to argue against proposals in the early 1800s that catastrophic processes
(some of them biblical) were important to consider in understanding Earth's history. To counter this presumption of uniformitarianism, Bretz could provide only meticulously described field evidence for those willing to seriously consider it. The eventual triumph of his hypothesis, against its initially antagonistic reception, set the stage for the resurgence of a new kind of geological catastrophism, which is most prominent in the new understanding of the role of impact cratering on Earth's history.
Work in Greenland. After a decade of near-continuous research on the channeled scabland, Bretz turned to other studies, beginning with participation in the Louise A.Boyd Expedition to East Greenland in 1933. Work on the surficial geology of the Chicago region led to two monographs. These outline ingenious analyses of the draining of Glacial Lake Chicago, a predecessor of modern Lake Michigan. From 1938 to 1961 much of Bretz's attention was devoted to studies of the origin of limestone caverns.He argued eloquently for the origin of many cave features by processes of groundwater circulation below the water table. His cave studies in seventeen U.S. states, Mexico, and Bermuda placed physical speleology on a firm scientific basis. Bretz's most extensive cave survey was his book, Caves of Missouri, published in 1956. His insights and energy were important to the late-twentieth-century resurgence of karst geomorphic and hydrologic studies in the United States.
While a faculty member at the University of Chicago from 1915 to 1947 and in subsequent semiretirement, Bretz supervised the field geology training of more than three hundred graduate students, including the future geological luminaries M. King Hubbert, William C. Krumbein, Francis P. Shepard, and Hakon A. Wadell. His teaching excellence, employing the Socratic method, was renowned among all the program's graduates and recognized in 1959 by the Neil Minor Award for teaching excellence from the National Association of Geology Teachers.
After his formal retirement from the University of Chicago, "Doc" Bretz (as he was known to students and colleagues) continued occasional work in association with the geological surveys of Illinois, Missouri, and Washington. With C. Leland Horberg in the 1940s and 1950s, Bretz published innovative research on the genesis of rock-like calcium carbonate encrustation in caliche soils. His 1965 monograph, "Geomorphic History of the Ozarks of Missouri," stands as classical analysis of landscapes. In the 1970s and 1980s, new discoveries of scablandlike landscapes in other parts of Earth and, surprisingly, on the planet Mars, all were being explained by cataclysmic flood processes, much in the same manner that Bretz had first outrageously proposed in 1923.
At age ninety-seven, in recognition of a lifetime of scientific achievements spanning more than seventy years, J Harlen Bretz was honored in 1979 with the Penrose Medal, the highest award of the Geological Society of America. In accepting the award Bretz gave the following assessment of his major research accomplishments: "Perhaps I can be credited with reviving and demystifying legendary catastrophism and challenging a too rigorous uniformitarianism" (1980, p. 1095).
The J Harlen Bretz papers (25 boxes, 12.5 linear feet) are housed at the Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library, 1100 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637. The archive contains many of Bretz's writings from 1905 to 1977. There is no complete bibliography of all published works.
"Glaciation of the Puget Sound Region." Washington Division ofMines and Geology Bulletin 8 (1913): 1–244. The published version of Bretz's PhD dissertation.
"The Channeled Scablands of the Columbia Plateau." Journal ofGeology31 (1923): 617–649.
"Geology and Mineral Resources of the Kings Quadrangle." Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 43 (1923): 205–304.
"The Spokane Flood beyond the Channeled Scablands." Journal of Geology33 (1925): 97–115, 236–259.
"The Channeled Scabland of Eastern Washington." GeographicalReview 18 (1928): 446–477.
"The Grande Coulee." American Geographical Society SpecialPublication 15 (1932): 1–89.
"Physiographic Studies of East Greenland." In The Fiord Region of East Greenland, edited by Louise A. Boyd. New York: American Geographical Society, 1935.
"Geology of the Chicago Region: Part 1, General." IllinoisGeological Survey Bulletin65 (1939): 1–118.
"Vadose and Phreatic Features of Limestone Caves." Journal ofGeology50 (1942): 675–811
. "The Stages of Lake Chicago: Their Causes and Correlations." American Journal of Science 249 (1951): 401–429.
"Geology of the Chicago Region: Part 2, The Pleistocene." Illinois Geological Survey Bulletin 65 (1955): 1–132.
"Caves of Missouri." Missouri Geological Survey and WaterResources Report 39 (1956): 1–490.
With H. T. U. Smith and George Neff. "Channeled Scabland of Washington—New Data and Interpretations." Geological Society of America Bulletin 67 (1956): 957–1049.
"Washington's Channeled Scabland." Washington Department ofConservation,Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin 45 (1959): 1–57.
"Bermuda: A Partially Drowned, Late Mature Pleistocene Karst." Geological Society of America Bulletin 71 (1960): 1729–1754.
"Geomorphic History of the Ozarks of Missouri." MissouriDivision of Geological Survey and Water Resources Report 41 (1965): 1–147.
"The Lake Missoula Floods and the Channeled Scabland." Journal of Geology77 (1969): 505–543.
"Introduction." In The Channeled Scabland: A Guide to theGeomorphology of the Columbia Basin, edited by Victor R. Baker and Dag Nummedal. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1978.
"Presentation of the Penrose Medal to J Harlen Bretz: Response." Geological Society of America Bulletin, Part II, 91 (1980): 1095.
Baker, Victor R. "The Spokane Flood Controversy and the Martian Outflow Channels." Science 202 (1978): 1249–1256.
——, ed. Catastrophic Flooding: The Origin of the ChanneledScabland. Stroudsburg, PA: Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, 1981. Editorial commentary and reprinted papers outline the Spokane Flood controversy, emphasizing Bretz's role and the relevant historical and scientific contexts.
———. "The Spokane Flood Debate and Its Legacy." In Geomorphic Systems of North America, edited by William L. Graf. Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America, 1987.
———. "Joseph Thomas Pardee and the Spokane Flood Controversy." GSA Today 5 (1995): 169–173.
Baker, Victor R. and R. C. Bunker. "Cataclysmic Late Pleistocene Flooding from Glacial Lake Missoula: A Review." Quaternary Science Reviews 4 (1985): 1–41.
Victor R. Baker
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Bretz, J Harlen
Bretz, J Harlen
American Field Geologist 1882–1981
J Harlen Bretz is best known for his hypothesis that floods of enormous volumes once swept across southeastern Washington and on out the Columbia River Gorge to the Pacific Ocean. Bretz was widely criticized by his contemporaries for his "outrageous hypothesis" while continuing to use his own observations, not popular opinion, to develop his ideas. Like a detective, Bretz gathered as many clues as he could and reached what he believed to be the best solution to the geologic puzzle of the Missoula Floods.
A Pioneering Theorist
Born in Michigan in 1882, Bretz showed an early interest in science, and in college obtained a biology degree. While teaching high school biology in Seattle, Washington, he became interested in glacial landforms in the Puget Sound area that were formed during the most recent glacial period (ending about 10,000 years ago). He spent many of his weekends in the field taking careful notes about the landforms that he saw. Many of his observations were published in scientific journals.
In 1913, Bretz earned a Ph.D. in geology at the University of Chicago and began studying landforms in eastern Washington state that seemed to defy explanation by traditional geologic theories. These landforms included incredibly high dry falls perched well above the current river level; huge potholes, some 50 to 100 meters (150 to 330 feet) across; huge 200-ton boulders, that because they differed markedly in mineralogy from the surrounding bedrock must somehow have been transported to their current locations; and gigantic gravel bars that were the size of hills, hundreds of meters long and tens of meters high. Bretz's experience in the glacial terrain of the Puget Sound offered him an important perspective. He recognized many of these features were simply gigantic replicas of the same smaller-scale features that he had seen time and time again in glacial streams and outwash areas: the depositional and erosional products of meltwaterfed streams during the last ice age . Clearly, however, the volume of floodwater required to produce these gigantic landforms would have had to have been prodigious.
The prevailing theory regarding the origin of Earth's landscape was Uniformitarianism, which stated that all landforms on Earth's surface were produced by ordinary geologic processes—for example, stream erosion and deposition—acting over immense geologic time. These processes were deemed capable of producing deep canyons such as the Grand Canyon of the southwestern United States. The contrasting theory, Catastrophism, held that landforms on the Earth resulted from catastrophic events, such as huge earthquakes and biblical floods. To many geologists in 1920, Bretz's flood hypothesis was too close to a biblical interpretation.
Bretz endured nearly four decades of doubt and ridicule by other geologists of the time, in part because Bretz was unable to offer a reasonable explanation for the source of the huge amounts of water that would have had to have been suddenly and catastrophically released across eastern Oregon. Bretz's work was finally vindicated, however, when another geologist, Joseph Pardee, found evidence of a former huge lake (Lake Missoula) in western Montana that was formed when the Clark Fork River had been dammed by a glacier. The lake had rapidly drained when the dam failed, allowing enormous amounts of water to flood eastern Washington (see discussion below).
Only in the 1950s and 1960s was Bretz's hypothesis regarding the Missoula Floods accepted and his contributions recognized. In 1979, the Geological Society of America awarded J Harlen Bretz, then 96 years old, the Penrose Medal, the highest national geological award for his contributions to geological knowledge.
The Modern View of the Missoula Floods
It is now widely accepted that the Missoula Floods occurred when vast amounts of water rushed across approximately 7,800 square kilometers (3,000 square miles) of southeastern Washington, scouring soil from the surface, gouging out blocks of bedrock, and turning river valleys into river channels. Water levels were so high that the water overflowed the top of the Columbia River Gorge in several places, and reached a depth of approximately 100 meters (328 feet) where present-day Portland, Oregon is located (see the figure). The evidence for the Missoula Floods was compiled by Bretz, who recognized the following characteristic features:
- Dry falls, 180 meters (600 feet) above the present Columbia River level, over which water once cascaded;
- Huge potholes, requiring enormously turbulent water;
- Gigantic boulders, up to 200 tons, transported from eastern Washington to Oregon; and
- Enormous gravel bars, 90 to 120 meters (300 to 400 feet) high.
Lake Missoula was formed by the glacial damming of the Clark Fork River at the end of the last ice age (approximately 10,000 years ago). Ancient lake beaches perched on mountains 640 meters (2,100 feet) above the present-day valley floor indicate the lake's size. When the dam failed, Lake Missoula waters roared out at the phenomenal rate of approximately 40 cubic kilometers (9.5 cubic miles) per hour, almost 200 times the Mississippi River's flow rate at flood stage. The rapid draining is indicated by huge ripple marks, 15 meters (50 feet) high and 150 meters (500 feet) apart, on today's valley floor. The damming and flooding cycle repeated itself as many as 40 times during the last ice age.
see also Glaciers and Ice Sheets; Ice Ages; Stream Erosion and Landscape Development.
Dennis O. Nelson
Allen, John Elliot, Marjorie Burns, and Samuel C. Sargent. Cataclysms on the Columbia. Portland, OR: Timber Press, 1986.
Mueller, Marge, and Ted Mueller. Fire, Faults & Floods. Moscow, ID: University of Idaho Press, 1997.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
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text:
Browsing by Subject "Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990"
Now showing items 1-1 of 1
Interview with Levi Watkins, November 29, 1999 (Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries, 1999-11-29)Levi Watkins, Jr. was born in Parsons, Kansas. He completed his undergraduate work at Tennessee State University, where he majored in biology. He went on to become the first African American to be admitted to the Vanderbilt ...


text:
Just before Mother's Day, a new online video has created national buzz, reminding us that moms have "The World's Toughest Job," one that requires long hours and selfless sacrifice day in and day out.
If this brought a tear to your eye like it did mine, imagine the extra challenges that come with raising a child with Down syndrome and join me in standing up for moms like Santa Barbara County resident Stephanie Eppert as the state budget is debated in Sacramento.
Stephanie is a single mom who was able to stabilize her family by becoming her daughter Jessie's caregiver through the state's In-Home Supportive Services program. Stephanie and Jessie's story shows the opportunity IHSS provides for people with disabilities and their families to thrive, as well as what's at stake if a current state proposal succeeds in capping the number of hours caregivers can work.
Providing care through IHSS meets two important goals for our state. First, it is the way we support the health and well-being of people with disabilities. Many IHSS clients like Jessie, or those with other disabilities, can live well at home with quality care, but without this care would have their health and independence compromised. Second, the program delivers an outstanding value for taxpayers as in-home care is far less costly than institutional care.
A proposal to cap the number of hours IHSS caregivers can work strikes at the heart of both goals. The proposal is an attempt to save money by not paying home-care providers overtime as required under federal rules. However, this plan will disrupt the continuity of care for people with disabilities who count on quality care, delivered by trained caregivers who are familiar with their unique needs.
The proposal wrongly assumes anyone can provide the same level of care, when in fact knowledge and skills required to care for someone with Down syndrome are particularly individualized. It also robs people with developmental disabilities — and all people who require more than 40 hours per week of in-home support — of their right to choose how they are cared for and by whom.
In many families, this chosen caregiver is a parent, sibling or a child — someone who can devote themselves fully to the time and training required to give attentive critical care, and someone who can be trusted with personal care.
The proposal also undermines the goal of the program to save taxpayer dollars; though represented as a budget savings, it comes with hidden costs as the health care of IHSS clients is compromised.
Stephanie describes caring for her daughter through IHSS as being thrown a life jacket when she and Jessie were drowning. Jessie's challenges were so severe; Stephanie was urged to give up her daughter at birth. Unwilling to be separated, she struggled to balance working in low-wage jobs while finding adequate care for Jessie. They were on the verge of homelessness when they connected with IHSS.
Now, Stephanie fears this proposal will force the separation she's worked her whole life to avoid. Through the IHSS program, Stephanie earns just enough to provide a modest life for herself and Jessie, who is now 20. If the proposal is enacted, her work hours will be reduced from 250 to 160 each month, and her income will be slashed by 36 percent. A cut of this magnitude would mean Stephanie must put Jessie in a stranger's hands while trying to replace the lost income. Stephanie fears they'd need to rely on food stamps and even become homeless.
"We wouldn't survive the cut," Stephanie says.
With a budget surplus of $6.3 billion, we can afford to invest in quality home care. The alternative costs us more because it will force thousands of people into poverty and overburden hospitals and emergency rooms as clients receive care from people who aren't as familiar with their needs.
We need budget proposals that will support Californians like Jessie and Stephanie, rather than causing them harm. Let's honor moms and caregivers who deliver the quality care our communities count on.
— Das Williams represents the 37th District in the California Assembly.


text:
The Holocaust History is an application that contains a variety of information about the annals or chronicle of the world. A lot of information such as ancient country or city, biography of famous people and the battle of war story is included here.The Holocaust (from the Greek ὁλόκαυστος holókaustos: hólos, "whole" and kaustós, "burnt"),[2] also known as the Shoah (Hebrew: השואה, HaShoah, "the catastrophe"), was a genocide in which approximately six million Jews were killed by Adolf Hitlers Nazi regime and its collaborators.[3] Some historians use a definition of the Holocaust that includes the additional five million non-Jewish victims of Nazi mass murders, bringing the total to approximately eleven million. Killings took place throughout Nazi Germany and German-occupied territories.[4]
From 1941 to 1945, Jews were systematically murdered in a genocide, one of the largest in history, and part of a broader aggregate of acts of oppression and killings of various ethnic and political groups in Europe by the Nazi regime.[5] Every arm of Germanys bureaucracy was involved in the logistics and the carrying out of the genocide, turning the Third Reich into "a genocidal state".[6] Other victims of Nazi crimes included Romanis, ethnic Poles and other Slavs, Soviet POWs, communists, homosexuals, Jehovahs Witnesses and the mentally and physically disabled.[7] In total, approximately 11 million people were killed, including approximately one million Jewish children.[8][9] Of the nine million Jews who had resided in Europe before the Holocaust, approximately two-thirds were killed.[10] A network of about 42,500 facilities in Germany and German-occupied territories were used to concentrate victims for slave labor, mass murder, and other human rights abuses.[11] Over 200,000 people are estimated to have been Holocaust perpetrators.[12]
The persecution and genocide were carried out in stages, culminating in what was termed the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question" (die Endlösung der Judenfrage), the agenda to exterminate Jews in Europe. Initially the German government passed laws to exclude Jews from civil society, most prominently the Nuremberg Laws of 1935. A network of concentration camps was established starting in 1933 and ghettos were established following the outbreak of World War II in 1939. In 1941, as Germany conquered new territory in eastern Europe, specialized paramilitary units called Einsatzgruppen were used to murder around two million Jews and "partisans", often in mass shootings. By the end of 1942, victims were being regularly transported by freight trains to specially built extermination camps where, if they survived the journey, most were systematically killed in gas chambers. The campaign of murder continued until the end of World War II in Europe in April–May 1945.
Overall, Jewish armed resistance was limited. The most notable exception was the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of 1943, when thousands of poorly-armed Jewish fighters held the Waffen-SS at bay for four weeks. An estimated 20,000 to 30,000 Jewish partisans actively fought against the Nazis and their collaborators in Eastern Europe.[13][14] French Jews were also highly active in the French Resistance, which conducted a guerilla campaign against the Nazis and Vichy French authorities. In total, over a hundred armed Jewish uprisings took place.[15]
Hopefully, with this application The Holocaust History, we can have more insight and news update. We will continue to add information about this application. So you must still install the application well. thank you.
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text:
How exactly is this not an excellent endeavor? ĀShe is trying to make a television/radio show for Noisebridge. ĀWhat is your problem Romy? ĀI fail to see how starting a project to help another project at Noisebridge is a problem. ĀIn fact it is the whole fucking reason Noisebridge exists.

ĀYou are not making Noisebridge a place where people feel welcome and inspired by shitting on their efforts.

Also Liz is a real person who is in the space on the regular. (She usually wears a purple dress.) She is the Mother of Milo (The 7 year old boy often in the space).

Apparently some people are too stupid to be able to tell the difference between sock puppets and pseudonyms.
--
www.linkreincarnate.com


text:
Maura Ford and Antony Ford's London-based 7&7 Producers' Sales Service has added four market premiere titles to its slate ahead of Cannes.
They are Careless Love [pictured], Papadopoulos and Sons, Talking to the Trees, and Percival's Big Night. Each is screening in Cannes market.
Australian director John Duigan brings Careless Love, a drama about a student (Nammi Le) who takes on escort work to pay her father's debts.
In Marcus Markou's Papadopoulos and Sons, Stephen Dillane and Georges Corraface star as estranged brothers dealing with the UK credit crunch.
Ilaria Borrelli and Guido Freddi's Talking To The Trees is an English-language drama filmed in Cambodia, about a European woman trying to save a young girl from a brothel.
William C Sullivan directs US comedy Percival's Big Night, about pot-smoking Brooklyn roommates (Jarret Kerr stars).
"We pride ourselves on collaboration with our filmmakers during the entire sales process and a cooperative relationship with the buyers," said 7&7's managing director Maura Ford. "By acting as an enabler for a direct link between producer and buyer, we find that the creative energy that crafted the film manages to flow right the way through distribution. We are very proud to be representing such a diverse and excellent slate of international features this year and we are expecting a very busy market."


text:
Cleaning up the tool room at Hugga HQ, we found some really old gum. So, time for a dare with the kids.
Download now for iTunes, your iPod, iPhone, and subscribe to the Huggacast Feed for more episodes.
- Watch now on YouTube
- More videos
- Huggacasts are also available in the iTunes podcast directory.


text:
R&B singer Ciara created an awkward TV moment when she refused to read out her ex-fiance's name while announcing the Billboard Award nominees.The Never Ever songstress made a stand by avoiding uttering his name while listing who was up for a prize in the Best Rap Artist category.
Alongside co-presenter Ludacris on Good Morning America, she listed nominees for each category in the awards, but awkwardly stumbled when she saw her ex's name on the card in front of her.
The saucy singer, 30, announced Drake and Fetty Wap before suddenly falling silent and leaning over towards Ludacris, 38, who stepped in to read Future's name during yesterday's broadcast.
Ciara then took over again, reading out nominees Wiz Khalifa and Silento.
Fans took to Twitter to discuss the awkward moment, with one user saying: "Ciara refused to say futures name like that ain't her sons name. (sic)"
Another said: "This time last year I have no doubts I was as petty as Ciaia. Wow!!! I'm a better person now."
One fan said: "Ciara was a little petty. At the end of the day, she chose that man, went with him and had a kid. She should have carried herself better."
The Body Party singer got engaged to the rapper in October 2013 and they have a son, Future Jr together, but they split the following August and it seems things are still a little tense between them.
She's currently suing her ex in a $15million for libel and slander over several offensive tweets, as well as claims he has been using her image to sell more music.
Future - whose real name is Nayvadius DeMun Wilburn - took to social media to launch a furious rant against the singer, claiming she was denying him access to their son.
He wrote: "This b***h got control problems... I gotta go through lawyers to see babyfuture...the f**kery for 15k a month. (sic)."
After claiming that he pays $15,000 in child support every month, Future went on to insist that he just wants to see his son and has run out of patience.
Read more: Ciara 'files $15 million defamation lawsuit' against ex-fiance Future
The bitterness between them continued in July last year when he slammed her and new fiance Russell Wilson, claiming she'd arranged for the NFL star to be photographed pushing his 23-month-old son in a stroller.
At the time, he said: "At the end of the day, I'm not for the publicity stunts. Leave my son out of the publicity stunts, just leave him out of your relationship."
Ciara and Seattle Seahawks player Russell got engaged in March and have reportedly sworn off sex until marriage because of the quarterback's Christian beliefs.
Read more: Khloe Kardashian attempts to defend herself after telling Ciara she 'should be having sex' with her fiance


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Shortly after being named Bellarmine-Jefferson High's new football coach in December, David Machuca went right to work assessing a variety of topics.
One of them concerned arranging a series of six difficult nonleague games to help the Guards prepare for the Santa Fe League. After drawing up the 10-week schedule and having it signed off, Machuca said he's happy with the 2012 schedule, which will see his team play five home games at Burroughs High's renovated Memorial Field after playing its home contests last season at North Hollywood High.
"Having a tough nonleague schedule will have you prepared for league," said Machuca, who is also the school's athletic director and a 2002 Burbank High graduate. "You'll see a lot of different kinds of things, like offensive schemes, in nonleague that you'll eventually see and be ready for in league.


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Liverpool travel to South Wales to take on a struggling Cardiff City side at the Cardiff City Stadium.
A win for the Reds would further strengthen their challenge for Premier League glory and could all but guarantee a top four finish at least if other results go their way.
Cardiff are currently three points adrift of safety in the bottom three and desperate for points, so they could do without a match against the top-flight's free scoring duo of Daniel Sturridge and Luis Suarez.
Here are today's confirmed starting line-ups for both sides…
.@CardiffCityFC starting XI: Marshall; Fabio, Theophile-Catherine, Caulker (C), Cala, John; Medel, Kim, Mutch; Bellamy, Campbell. #CARLIV
— Cardiff City FC (@CardiffCityFC) March 22, 2014
Confirmed #LFC team v @CardiffCityFC: Mignolet, Johnson, Flanagan, Agger, Skrtel, Gerrard, Allen, Henderson, Coutinho, Suarez, Sturridge
— Liverpool FC (@LFC) March 22, 2014


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Special thanks to Xavier Cotton who passed the video link on.
Special thanks to Xavier Cotton who passed the video link on.
According to a new study, New-York City firefighters would be 19% more likely to have cancer than their colleagues who did not work at the site following the 9/11 attacks:
A pilot risking his life onboard a 53d Weather Reconnaissance Squadron WC-130J Weatherbird weather reconnaissance aircraft, observed the hurricane in the eye of the storm and reported winds at around 100mph today:
New-York braces for what could be the most destructive hurricane since 1938 maybe 1821. South and North Carolina are beginning to feel the effects of Irene. As showed in the videos hereafter, Irene might cause widespread damage particularly by flooding well beyond the coastal cities such as Virginia Beach; Norfolk; Atlantic City, as well as Kill Devil Hills, the site of the Wright Brothers National Memorial close to Kitty Hawk:
It was the first time a Boeing B-787 Dreamliner had taken off for Japan. The Japanese ANA – All Nippon Airways – has ordered 40 Boeing B-787-8; and 15 B-787-9. This video was shot a month ago as the wide-body jet airliner departed from Seattle on July 3, 2011:
Yes, you have well read. This unbelievable story happened on a commercial aircraft, on a red-eye flight (a flight taking off late at night and landing early the next morning) from Seattle to Anchorage a month ago. Video report – it starts with basket-ball players, then these flights stories:


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Zimmer Holdings
The 10-second takeaway
Comparing the upcoming quarter to the prior-year quarter, average analyst estimates predict Zimmer Holdings's revenues will expand 0.2% and EPS will increase 7.7%.
The average estimate for revenue is $1.14 billion. On the bottom line, the average EPS estimate is $1.40.
Revenue details
Last quarter, Zimmer Holdings logged revenue of $1.18 billion. GAAP reported sales were 1.1% higher than the prior-year quarter's $1.17 billion.
Source: S&P Capital IQ. Quarterly periods. Dollar amounts in millions. Non-GAAP figures may vary to maintain comparability with estimates.
EPS details
Last quarter, non-GAAP EPS came in at $1.51. GAAP EPS of $0.88 for Q4 were 1.1% higher than the prior-year quarter's $0.87 per share.
Source: S&P Capital IQ. Quarterly periods. Non-GAAP figures may vary to maintain comparability with estimates.
Recent performance
For the preceding quarter, gross margin was 75.1%, 10 basis points better than the prior-year quarter. Operating margin was 31.4%, 190 basis points better than the prior-year quarter. Net margin was 12.9%, 50 basis points worse than the prior-year quarter.
Looking ahead
The full year's average estimate for revenue is $4.60 billion. The average EPS estimate is $5.75.
Investor sentiment
The stock has a four-star rating (out of five) at Motley Fool CAPS, with 585 members out of 612 rating the stock outperform, and 27 members rating it underperform. Among 201 CAPS All-Star picks (recommendations by the highest-ranked CAPS members), 193 give Zimmer Holdings a green thumbs-up, and eight give it a red thumbs-down.
Of Wall Street recommendations tracked by S&P Capital IQ, the average opinion on Zimmer Holdings is outperform, with an average price target of $70.52.
Is Zimmer Holdings the best health care stock for you? Learn how to maximize your investment income and "Secure Your Future With 9 Rock-Solid Dividend Stocks," including one above-average health care logistics company. Click here for instant access to this free report.
- Add Zimmer Holdings to My Watchlist.
Seth Jayson had no position in any company mentioned here at the time of publication. You can view his stock holdings here. He is co-advisor of Motley Fool Hidden Gems, which provides new small-cap ideas every month, backed by a real-money portfolio. The Motley Fool owns shares of Zimmer Holdings. Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days. We Fools may not all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.


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Events » ECHO Walking Festival
<< BACK to All Events and Notices
Tag: Exercise and Fitness | Family
We have an update from the ECHO Walking Festival team, and the list of walks for 2018 is up on a new, refreshed website. The dates run from April 7 to 22, and there are some interesting new walks this year, based from the Coromandel to the Kaimai Ranges. There'll be more put up as they get confirmed over the next while too, so keep an eye out. From those keen on short walks, to the more adventurous wanting a challenge, you'll be pleased with the mix of walks around our back yard. Some are only available through this event as they go across private land, so make sure you check out the website: www.echowalkfest.org.nz.
© Go Waihi Inc., 2011 - All material in this website is copyright to Go Waihi Inc.unless specifically stated.
None of the contents may be reproduced without the express permission of Go Waihi Inc.


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St Mary, Horton Road
St Mary, Horton Road, Horton, Northumberland NE24 4HF View on map
Grade II listed parish church on medieval site, rebuilt in 1827 and re modelled in 14th-15th century style by W S Hicks in 1903.
- Grant Recipient: PCC of Horton
- Contact for access: Mrs Ann McDougal
- 01670 735036
- [email protected]
- http://www.blythchurches.co.uk
Opening Arrangements
Weekly: Wednesday 10am - 11am; Friday 2.30pm - 4.15pm and Sunday 7.30am - 8.30am.
B1505 between Ashington spine road (A189) and Bedlington. ¼ mile from spine road intersection on Horton Road. Rail: Bedlington (approximately 3 miles), Newcastle (12 miles). Bus: Arriva Nos X8.
Parking Spaces
Roadside parking
Disabled Access
- Wheelchair access: Partial
- Disabled Toilets: No
- Assistance dogs: Yes


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Nowadays players have a wide range of online gambling spots to choose from but what makes Casumo Casino stand out from the rest is the distinctively modern interface and the dedication to deliver top-notch service. Casumo Casino was established with the aim of being absolutely different from the features the rest online casinos have to offer. Casumo has adopted quite an interesting "adventure" promotional system, not to mention the mobile compatibility it is famous for.
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|Multi-Hand BlackJack Classic
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Don't miss to try the Big Bad Wolf, Mega Fortune, ThunderStruck II, Samba Carnival, Wild North, Fruit Warp, Birds on a Wire, Dracula, Dazzle Me, Eye of the Kraken, Game of Thrones. Some of the games have the NetEnt Touch functionality which greatly enhances one's gambling experience.
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However, Casumo is not available in the following countries:


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DDS Labs Special Offer for United Concordia Dentists!
DDS Lab is a full-service, NBC-certified national dental laboratory based in Tampa, Florida. DDS Lab specializes in crown & bridge, dentures, partials, implants, orthodontic appliances, Fierce® mouthguards, CAD/CAM restorations and accepts digital impressions via most major systems, including CEREC Connect and iTero.
Quality craftsmanship, brand-name products, and a commitment to service have made DDS Lab the choice for more and more dentists nationwide. This commitment to craftsmanship has earned it recognition as a full-service NBC Certified Dental Lab.
United Concordia Dental is happy to offer participating dentists the following discounts and services:
- $50 off your first case
- 25% or more off all cases for all patients
- Single source for all dental lab needs
- Online prescriptions and case tracking
- OrthoVault – Digital Study Model Storage
- Exclusive continuing education opportunities
- Access to the best customer service and technical team in the industry
- Dedicated customer service support for United Concordia dentists
- Nearly 30 technicians for treatment planning and case consultations
- Simplified case management using MYDDSLAB -- an online portal for prescription submission and real-time case tracking
- Complex case consultation
- Online and in person CE courses
"DDS Lab has cut my remakes from 33% to 5%!" – Gary Guillory, DDS
"We have three dentists in our practice and all three of us recommend DDS Lab as a very good quality, cost effective alternative." – David Morgan DDS


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The majority of mini fridges on the market are boring to say the absolute least, but that surely isn't the case with the Iron Man Mini Fridge that's perfectly designed to resemble the superhero. While the Iron Man Mini Fridge looks cool, it still has all the functionality of a mini fridge with plenty of room to keep a six pack and snacks cool. Additionally, the Iron Man Mini Fridge also features a warming function, which means you can instantly transform the appliance into a spot to keep foods warm while you're out.
To complete the look on the Iron Man Mini Fridge, the appliance also features light up eyes that will add the perfect ambience for college kids who are obsessed with the crime fighting superhero.
Superhero Dorm Accessories
More Stats +/-
Hidden Superhero Wedding Cakes
Superhero Basketball Shoes
Anime-Inspired Smart Cars
Robotic Superhero Illustrations
Hip-Hop-Inspired Comics
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Get the top 100 trends happening right NOW -- plus a FREE copy of our award-winning book.
Our Research Methodology
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The Iron Man Mini Fridge is Ideal for Comic Fans Away at College
- By: Michael HemsworthOct 2, 2015
References: thinkgeek & thatsnerdalicious
References: thinkgeek & thatsnerdalicious


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Digerati Technologies Retains Established Brand for its Texas Operations
Leverages Synergy Telecom's Brand Equity
SAN ANTONIO, Feb. 13, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Digerati Technologies, Inc. (OTCQB:DTGI) ("Digerati" or the "Company") today reported that the Company will retain the "Synergy Telecom" brand for its Texas operations and continue building on Synergy Telecom's established name recognition and brand affinity in its high-growth market. Digerati announced its acquisition of Synergy Telecom, Inc. ("Synergy Telecom") on December 5, 2017 and reported its plan to combine Synergy Telecom's business with that of its wholly-owned subsidiary, Shift8 Networks, Inc. ("Shift8"). The Company will commence the transition from its Shif8 brand to the Synergy Telecom brand effective February 15, 2018 and phase out of the Shift8 name by May 1, 2018, including a corporate name change for the Texas corporation.
The name change and re-branding is in line with the Company's top-of-mind awareness strategy and ambitious growth plans aimed at expanding business in Texas, and across the U.S. The combined business of Shift8 and Synergy Telecom will market services to direct clients and its Value-Added Resellers ("VARs") as Synergy Telecom and will continue using its "catchy" 210-GET-VOIP sales response line for communication with customers and VARs. The Company will also adopt Shift8's Only in the Cloud™ tag line and continue using the www.synergytele.com domain as its primary portal for sales, marketing, support, and knowledge base while carrying on its reputation as a customer-focused organization providing exceptional service.
The Company also reported that it has consolidated its operations and corporate office to 1600 NE Loop 410, Suite 126, San Antonio, Texas, 78209.
Digerati is a publicly-traded holding company, with a track record of launching and managing successful subsidiary operations and is a multi-year recipient of Deloitte's Fast500 and Fast50 Awards, for recognition as one of the fastest growing technology companies in North America. Through its subsidiary, Shift8 Networks, the Company is meeting the global needs of businesses seeking simple, flexible, efficient, and cost-effective communication solutions, including fully-hosted IP/PBX, VoIP transport, SIP trunking, and customized VoIP services, all delivered Only in the Cloud™ on its carrier-grade network. Former subsidiaries include ATSI Communications, Inc., an international telecommunications operator serving emerging markets throughout Mexico and Latin America, as well as GlobalSCAPE, Inc., an Internet software company trading on the NYSE that specializes in secure file transfer through its popular utility, CuteFTP. Other subsidiaries have included a global VoIP carrier and oilfield service businesses operating in the Bakken Shale. For more information, please visit www.digerati-inc.com.
The information in this news release includes certain forward-looking statements that are based upon assumptions that in the future may prove not to have been accurate and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including statements related to the future financial performance of the Company. Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, it can give no assurance that such expectations or any of its forward-looking statements will prove to be correct. Factors that could cause results to differ include, but are not limited to, successful execution of growth strategies, product development and acceptance, the impact of competitive services and pricing, general economic conditions, and other risks and uncertainties described in the Company's periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
/EIN News/ -- Contact:
Jack Eversull
The Eversull Group
(972) 571-1624
(214) 469-2361 fax
EIN Presswire does not exercise editorial control over third-party content provided, uploaded, published, or distributed by users of EIN Presswire. We are a distributor, not a publisher, of 3rd party content. Such content may contain the views, opinions, statements, offers, and other material of the respective users, suppliers, participants, or authors.


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Noreen Kinney's Irish Soda Bread
Editor's note: The recipe and introductory text below are from A Baker's Odyssey by Greg Patent.\r\n\r\nI am indebted to Irish food expert and cookbook...
flaxseed, sugar, +buttermilk, +baking soda, +eggs, +oat bran, +sunflower seed, +salt, +flour, +butter, +wheat germ, +wheat bran, +graham flour
www.epicurious.com - Similiar recipes
Irish Rosie's Irish Soda Bread
This recipe was passed on to me by a dear friend of my mothers who was born and raised in Ireland. It's the best Irish soda bread I have ever had. It is...
raisins, sugar, +baking powder, +baking soda, +caraway seed, +eggs, +flour, +salt, +sour cream
Soda Bread (irish Whisky Soda Bread)
raisins, +flour, +baking soda, +buttermilk, +honey, +salt, +butter, +milk
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Irish Soda Bread Recipe
Hey its the top of the Irish to ya!! Happy St. Patty's Day so to celebrate here is my favorite Irish Soda Bread recipe - you can always eliminate the raisins...
raisins, sugar, +baking powder, +baking soda, +eggs, +flour, +milk, +salt
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(Different) Irish Soda Bread
A little different than most soda bread recipes, which makes it even more delicious! The beer and pepper add a little different flavor, not mention a genuine...
raisins, sugar, +flour, +baking powder, +beer, +butter, +caraway seed, +black pepper, +eggs, +salt
Irish Soda Bread III
"Irish Soda Bread for the bread machine. This recipe makes a wonderfully tasty loaf."
raisins, sugar, +bread flour, +caraway seed, +margarine, +milk powder, +salt, +water, +yeast
Ceta's Irish Soda Bread
This recipe comes from my college roommate, Becky, who belongs to a very Irish family! Her family prefers this recipe because it's much sweeter than most...
raisins, sugar, +baking powder, +baking soda, +buttermilk, +eggs, +flour, +margarine, +salt
Irish Soda Bread
"Each St. Patrick's day, I bake this bread for my neighbor, who is Irish. Then I make another loaf for my family to enjoy. Sweet raisins contrast nicely...
raisins, sugar, +baking powder, +baking soda, +butter, +buttermilk, +caraway seed, +eggs, +flour, +salt
Super Irish Soda Bread Recipe
This is the 2nd of the Irish Soda Breads with fruit. Hope you will enjoy this as much as I do... Prep:20m
raisins, sugar, +flour, +baking powder, +baking soda, +buttermilk, +caraway seed, +eggs, +salt, +sour cream
www.grouprecipes.com - Similiar recipes
Grandpa McAndrew's Irish Soda Bread
"My mom bugged grandpa for this recipe but he told her he didn't have one. So, when he made the bread one day she captured each ingredient in a bowl and...
raisins, sugar, +baking soda, +buttermilk, +eggs, +flour, +margarine
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