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FBTwitterlinked inYoutubeG+
Gudigantala Rajanna (Rajanna) was born to government school teachers and lived in the outskirts of Warangal in the state of Telangana in India. His parents taught him the importance of being honest, kind-hearted and hardworking. Right from his young age, he wanted to serve the society in a meaningful way. After completing graduation, he took up social work and started campaigning for clean drinking water, a perennial problem in his municipal ward.
Rajanna, who had been living in his ward for 32 years, had friends across ages and was hailed to be a simple and honest person. He observed that the ward grew from about 5,000 population to 15,000 in the last five years i.e., 2011–2016. Such sudden increase was attributed to new academic establishments.................
Exhibit I: Ethical Decision-Making Approaches
Gudigantala Rajanna (Rajanna) grew up in the outskirts of Warangal, a small town in the Indian state of Telangana. Born to school teachers, he was a popular youngster in his neighborhood and at a prime age he became a Ward Councillor in the Municipal Corporation. His incessant effort to bring better drinking water facility to his ward was thwarted by a contractor who asked for a bribe to expedite the laying of water pipes. His conscience is now in conflict with his election promise to his ward members about providing better drinking water facility in the ward.
Prerequisite Conceptual Understanding/Before the Classroom Exercise/Reading
• Max H. Bazerman and Ann E. Tenbrunsel, "Ethical Breakdowns", Harvard Business Review, April 2011• Ron Carucci, "Why Ethical People Make Unethical Choices", Harvard Business Review, December 16th 2016
Learning Objective
The objective of this case is to help understand and analyze various ethical decision-making strategies.
Case Positioning and Setting
This is an ideal case to start a course on ethics, be it for an Undergraduate or a Post Graduate Program or a Training Program. This case gives scope to elicit several ethical decision-making strategies which generally form the larger part of these course sessions.............................
This Caselet highlights a typical ethical dilemma of Gudigantala Rajanna. On one side, he had to uphold the values that his parents nurtured in him since childhood and on the other he had to keep his promises to the voters. After becoming a ward councillor and after an incessant pursuit of getting drinking water facility to his ward, he was in a dilemma to consider the bribe from the person who was awarded the contract.
Pedagogical Objective
This is an ideal case to start a course on ethics, be it for an Undergraduate or a Post Graduate Program or a Training Program. This case gives scope to elicit several ethical decision-making strategies which generally form the larger part of these course sessions.
Phone: +91 9010712010
+91 9553312588
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Wednesday, January 20, 2016
15 blog hugs:
- jill said...
You & your husband look really good in fancy dress, hope you had a good time. Happy woyww Jill #4
- January 20, 2016 at 2:54 PM
- Helen said...
love the office party!! the Bible journalling is going to be gorgeous. Helen #2
- January 20, 2016 at 2:55 PM
- Bridget Larsen said...
Great looking couple you make and looks like a wonderful time was had
Bridget #1
- January 20, 2016 at 3:51 PM
- Linda Harris said...
Great illustrating. Fun photo. Have a great week of crafting. Linda #17
- January 20, 2016 at 4:17 PM
- Annie said...
Lol I love the photo of you both....what fun.
Have a great week.
Annie x #9
- January 20, 2016 at 6:24 PM
- My name is Cindy said...
Goodness, is that illustration your own handwriting? AWESOME!! And you two look really cool baby. Hope you had fun. Happy WOYWW Cindy #29
- January 20, 2016 at 7:21 PM
- CraftygasheadZo said...
Love the bible journalling but oh that fancy dress pic is such fun! Take care Zo xx 39
- January 20, 2016 at 8:07 PM
- Marit said...
Your journaling on the side ("marge", "sideline"?) of the bible page make it even more special. The photo of you and your hubs is really cute, you must have fun dressing up like that! Happy woyww and a hug from Holland, Marit #41
- January 20, 2016 at 8:21 PM
- Maisie Moonshine said...
Looking GROOVY baby!
Beautiful lettering - I'm soooo envious!
Hugs MMx #49
- January 20, 2016 at 9:24 PM
- Lisca Meijer said...
Here is a blog hug from me.
Hey, you and your hubby look great in fancy dress!
Love your Bible verse. It's so true.
Have a good week,
- January 20, 2016 at 9:40 PM
- Sharon said...
You and your hubby look great. Looks like lots of fun was had. I love your journaling. Your lettering is wonderful.
Sharon K #52
- January 20, 2016 at 10:08 PM
- Neet said...
Oh Peggy, I love love love the photo of you and your hubby! What fun!
Remember me asking about the Bible Journalling a while back? Well someone had done some at CHA and I got to see the work and it was lovely. A very simple but pale, almost transparent picture of a pregnant lady sticks in my mind. Must see if I took a photograph.
You asked about the Misti - Misti is a great stamping tool. It enables you to stamp in the same place time and time again so is great for solid images that you normally don't get good coverage on, or for batch cards where you want to make lots of the same and line them up. Look at "My Sweet Petunia" for details - can recommend. Tell her I sent you.
Hugs and thanks for the visit - Neet 3 xx
- January 20, 2016 at 11:15 PM
- Maxine D said...
Love your WIP Peggy - it's looking beautiful!! What a fun party you and your DH must have had.
- January 21, 2016 at 12:56 PM
- Bridget Larsen said...
P.s. are you going to watch the Miss Universe parade? Congratulations by the way...I have been following Miss Phillipines since that controversial crowing, I love these pageants and have learnt so much about how involved it is in the Phillipines
- January 22, 2016 at 6:15 AM
- Kyla said...
Great WIP (love your handwriting) and a 'groovy' outfit
- January 25, 2016 at 3:04 AM

subset: commoncrawl


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Alcohol and Vision Loss
Alcohol consumption does not usually lead to vision loss, but there is some evidence that smoking may (1). And many people who drink heavily, also smoke. In the Seniors' Health Study, seniors who had alcohol problems also had twice the rate of vision loss as seniors in the general senior population.
New research suggests that there may be some health benefits to moderate alcohol consumption for some types of vision loss. It has been suggested that small amounts of wine may help stave off age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in people over age 65. (2)
According to the new study, people who had consumed two to 12 glasses of red or white wine per year (in other words, very low drinking) cut their chances of developing AMD almost in half, compared with those who reported consuming no alcohol. This is in line with other studies that have suggested that low levels of alcohol consumption may reduce the risk of heart disease.
On the other hand, new research also indicates that heavy drinkers, or adults who consumed at least four drinks a day, were about 6 times more likely to develop symptoms of late age related macular degeneration over a 10-year period. And those who reported that they were heavy drinkers in the past were more than twice as likely to develop late related macular degeneration. Current smokers were also more likely to develop the disorder, researchers report in the October 1st issue of the American Journal of Epidemiology. (3)
However, alcohol consumption is not recommended for seniors who have diabetes, partly because of the increased risk of strokes and partly because of the risk of diabetic retinopathy (see the section on Alcohol and Diabetes).
Adapting to Vision Loss
Vision loss can have a significant impact on an older person's life. The Canadian National Institute for the Blind (CNIB) notes that there are several factors that affect a person's reaction to vision loss (4):
the degree of loss;
the speed of onset;
the medical prognosis;
the age at which it occurs;
any preconceived ideas the person holds about blindness;
other health factors;
social circumstances and immediate life-style;
personality and
previous capacity to handle other losses.
Seniors often say theyve been told after being diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration that their eye condition is not currently treatable or preventable, and therefore nothing can be done. That simply is not true.
The CNIB, for examples, notes there are many ways to help people to find ways to keep their independence, to thrive in a sighted world. "With guidance in improving lighting, using magnifiers and developing coping techniques, most vision-impaired people can preserve self-esteem and independent living skills."
Understanding the Effect of Vision Loss on the Senior's Life
Drinking can become a coping strategy for some people experiencing vision loss in later life, and more particularly, for coping with the social isolation that can accompany vision loss.
It is important for service providers to understand what the vision loss means to the senior on a practical and emotional level. It can mean loss of sense of selfidentity and loss of certain cherished activities. It often means restriction or loss of driving. That, in turn, means that senior may need help learning alternate ways of doing things and getting around. For someone who has never taken a bus, and now must do so with limited vision, the world becomes a serious challenge. There may be tendency for the senior to withdraw and to have reduced contact with the rest of the world.
Some seniors in these circumstances find it very difficult to be around other people. For example, a shopping centre suddenly becomes a threatening place, where people (or more accurately, the shadows of people) seem to dart from nowhere. Everyday activities like reading the telephone book can become increasingly frustrating. Banking, particularly with the increasing number of automated teller machines, can be overwhelming at times. *
* On a positive note, audio banking machines are slowly becoming available in some communities.
Vision Loss in the Context of Treatment for Alcohol-related Problems
Helping a senior who is experiencing vision loss and who also has an alcohol problem can be challenging and promising. There are a number of important things to remember.
(1) Help the person adapt and adjust to these vision changes.
There numerous practical problems the senior needs to adapt. He or she may need help to overcome some of these obstacles in living before being able to reduce or stop drinking.
Vision loss can also easily lead to grieving and depression. The person may need collateral help with both issues.
(2) Take a hard look at your agency or program for policy and systemic barriers that leave out people with vision problems or other disabilities from being able to utilize your services. Then work to remove those barriers.
Most existing treatment approaches are based on the idea that the person can see and read. Review of the residential treatment and supportive recovery programs in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia in 1997, for example, indicates they relied heavily on videos, written materials and written exercises. One program lasting 28 days, for example, required participants to view 14 videos on alcohol related issues.
It is essential to have alternate formats available for seniors for ANY material, whether that is for prevention or intervention. Alternate formats can include large print, audio cassettes, and Braille. While it is stating the obvious, if audio cassettes are used, make sure the person has a cassette player; understands how to operate it; and can physically operate it (some people with severe arthritis can't).
Using handouts in a group? Blow up the size of the handouts that you give out to legal size.
(3) Provide materials in alternate formats and plain language.
Even for seniors whose sight has not changed, it is important to have written material in a large print, easy-to-understand format. This cannot be stressed enough. (For suggestions on Communicating In Print With and About Seniors, see www.hc-sc.gc.ca/seniors-aines/pubs/communicating/pdf/comsen_e.pdf)
Data from Statistics Canada indicates that in 1996, 36.8% of seniors in Canada reported having received less than grade nine education, and another quarter of Canadian seniors had attended but did not graduate from high school.(5) Lower levels of formal education affects many seniors' level of functional literacy. Throughout Canada, the level of functional illiteracy is much higher among older adults compared to younger adults, and it significantly affects their ability to receive and understand written information. Moreover, a large numbers of seniors do not know that their literacy abilities may not be adequate to get and understand the health information they need most. (5)
(4) Be supportive and understanding.
Linking seniors to the resources to help them adapt, is not necessarily going to mean they will want to use them, in the beginning (or sometimes, at all). Vision loss (and blindness) can generate a very personal reaction. It is important to realize that some seniors will have strong negative attitudes about disability and people with disabilities (even if that person is himself or herself). Years ago, people with disabilities were treated with pity or seen as a family shame.
Our ignorance of what it is like to live with a disability, our lack of care or understanding can create unreal expectations, or at the other end of the spectrum, can lead to patronizing behaviour.
(5) Be an advocate.
As more and more of the population moves into their 60s, 70s, and 80s, vision loss will probably be more common. The resource needs for seniors will grow, but the available resources may not keep pace, unless people advocate for these resources. Do not expect service organizations to take on this advocacy role.
Links and Resources on Vision Loss
Living With Vision Loss: A Handbook for Caregivers
This handbook is intended to help make day-to-day life better for the older members of society who cope with vision loss. It was developed through consultation and collaboration with blind and visually impaired seniors, community representatives and the staff of the Canadian Institute for the Blind www.cnib.org/ (located under "Pamphlets and Publications") .
General Interest Internet Articles on Vision Loss:
Helping People Cope, by Roderick Jamer, Canadian Association of Retired Persons.
See: www.50plus.com/ArticleFull.cfm?objectid=6ED9F8FC-D82E-11D3-B62E009027DE53E4&Section=Health&catName=
Information on Age Related Macular Degeneration, University of Ottawa Eye Institute, Ottawa Hospital. See:
Page last updated Friday April 29, 2005
Questions? Comments? Contact Webmaster:
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Technology has allowed education to overcome space and time constraints. No longer are teachers wedded to the clock or the calendar. Cell phones, computers, and video capabilities have allowed schools to become places in which the same types of productive work can be done both inside and outside the time alloted to "instruction." All of this means we can now do more, faster, right?
It means the opposite.
For teachers, the best way to think about this is something with which we're all experienced: the difference between "rules" and "responsibilities." Prior to the technology revolution of the last 5-10 years, time and space were "rules." They forced us to think first about the constraints and then plan accordingly. However, over the last several years, as time and space have become less relevant due to technology, we have now been given responsibilities. We have time and space to do everything; how are we going to use it? Because we're given that responsibility, as educators, it is important to by staying true to our beliefs about what is important to education.
Our first step, now that we can go faster, should be to slow down.
Teachers now need to decide not only what the essential content is for their courses, but what are the essential types of activities, skills, and abilities we want to foster in our students. And once those decisions are made, take the time to do them right, and use the time you have with students to focus on those activities exclusively. As technology improves, there is less and less of a need to use face-to-face time for anything other than developing those important skills that are better enhanced through face-to-face communication. We need to spend more time on these skills, as the need to fill that time with other activities that can be done through technology.
I'm in the middle of what has become a four week research paper. It was supposed to be a two-week project, but my face-to-face interactions with students have been so productive that I've decided to focus on this project in lieu of moving on to "other things." Is it uncomfortable for me, as a teacher, to defy my internal clock and stay on one topic so long? Absolutely. However, the interactions with students on this project have been, in my opinion, far more valuable than anything I could have done by pushing forward with the curriculum. Giving them constant feedback prior to a due date (instead of after, when it's worthless to them) has paid off in unimaginable ways. Meanwhile, if there are topics that I think are important for students to be aware of, I can use technology to keep them informed of them. I'm no longer asking students to write 2-3 essays per semester. I want them to write ONE, but that one should be better than anything they've ever written before.
Being able to overcome time means we have to be more thoughtful about how we use that time. We have been given the utlimate freedom and now must act responsibly with our freedom. And the most responsible thing to do, now that we can move faster than ever, is to slow down.


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why do i get an error while running this command
- 1
and what is the solution for this
Hi all, I have a SINGLE web service that I call through two different programs. I input the same values into the service and call a sevice method. One call fails every time, one call works every time. I have installed Fiddler2 and
copied the requests and responses from each. They are identical except for the [VsDebuggerCausalityData] header value and the [Authorization:] value (data below) what is this error? What can I do to address it? Why does it work for one app, but
not the other when the requests are the same. I guess since the Authorization is different it could be a security problem. But I'm not so sure because I'm not getting a security type error. The first trace is the working example (look at the response)
the second is the failing call. I have changed the Authorization values.
POST http://kerryportal/global/DMS/CRM/_vti_bin/Lists.asmx HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; MS Web Services Client Protocol 2.0.50727.4952)
VsDebuggerCausalityData: uIDPo+bNI0fMARFBsgZwKLhVCEUBAAAA2xBAL4gjpUWSP4dBtR8U/4q2nB9UKJVFvuCo3qZaaXUACQAA
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
SOAPAction: "http://schemas.microsoft.com/
How can I catch this exception? I do not want it to stop my page execution. Can/Should I do that?
Server Error in '/' Application.________________________________________Invalid postback or callback argument. Event validation is enabled using <pages enableEventValidation="true"/> in configuration or <%@ Page EnableEventValidation="true" %> in a page. For security purposes, this feature verifies that arguments to postback or callback events originate from the server control that originally rendered them. If the data is valid and expected, use the ClientScriptManager.RegisterForEventValidation method in order to register the postback or callback data for validation. Description: An unhandled exception occurred during the execution of the current web request. Please review the stack trace for more information about the error and where it originated in the code. Exception Details: System.ArgumentException: Invalid postback or callback argument. Event validation is enabled using <pages enableEventValidation="true"/> in configuration or <%@ Page EnableEventValidation="true" %> in a page. For security purposes, this feature verifies that arguments to postback or callback events originate from the server control that originally
exception has been raised as a result of client data. at System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapHttpClientProtocol.ReadResponse(SoapClientMessage message, WebResponse response, Stream responseStream, Boolean asyncCall) at System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapHttpClientProtocol
Void shipment erro message; I can't determine how to resolve error. at ***
The following is the code for ups void shipment wsdl...
We are current users of WSS 3.0 SP1 (MS SQL Server 2005 w/SQL Server Configuration Manager & SQL Server Management Studio Express) and are having issues with the following error occurring quite frequently when we visit pages on our SharePoint site.
Operation aborted (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80004004 (E_ABORT))
Our research keeps brining up that the log files are getting large and are not being cleared. We are doing a Full Backup of our SharePoint Farm with BackupExec 11d so we are not understanding how to fix this. Does anyone have any suggestions...
Thanks in advance.
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Pregnant Jessica Simpson & Eric Johnson: Doctor's Office with Maxwell!
Jessica Simpson stripes her growing baby bump while exiting a doctor's office on Friday (March 29) in Beverly Hills, Calif.
The 32-year-old pregnant entertainer was joined by her fiance Eric Johnson, who carried their adorable baby girl Maxwell on his shoulders.
PHOTOS: Check out the latest pics of Jessica Simpson
Last weekend, Jessica and her younger sister Ashlee Simpson were spotted greeting fans while visiting Belk Southpark in North Carolina.
In case you forgot, check out a new episode for Jessica's hit show Fashion Star tonight on NBC!
10+ pictures inside of Jessica Simpson and Eric Johnson taking Maxwell to the doctor's…


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Before describing the types of Turkish traditional music it may be helpful (but not required) to know a little bit about the unique melodic and rhythmic elements of the music.
Turkish Melodic Structures - The Makam
Turkish music is largely heterophonic (single line melodies played by 1 or more instruments with expressive variation) and uses melodic structures called makams. There are over 600 makams defined, but only 20 are in large use. A makam is similar to a mode in western music except that scale notes are microtonal and based on just intonation. In western music there are 7 modes (Ionian, Aeolian, Phrygian, etc...) which are basically versions of that diatonic major/minor scale, except that they emphasize certain pitches. The emphasis of these pitches gives each mode a certain character. Turkish makam also emphasize certain notes, but the basic scale notes are not limited to the same 7 scale intervals. In fact each whole tone step is divided into 9 microtone intervals, and a makam pitch can be one of these "in-between" notes. When makam scales are extended beyond the basic octave range, the notes sometimes do not coincide with the first octave, since the scales are in just intonation. Makams (makamlar) are only transposed to a few different tonics. Sometimes a transposed makam gets its own name.
Makams are categorized as being built from 1 of 6 tetrachords (4-note chord) stacked on 1 of 6 pentachords (5-note chord). Each half is called an ajna (Arabic - jins). There are 7 kinds of intervals between the notes, from 1/9 of a whole step to 13/9 of a whole step (9/9 is 1 whole step). Western modes have only 2 kinds of intervals, half steps and whole steps.
The melodic progression (ie - tendencies) of a makam is called seyir. Each makam has a specific seyir which have these characteristics:
- Opening tone (entry note)
- Final tone (durak, tonic)
- Imperfect cadence (dominant) tone – also start of 2nd ajna and pivot tone for modulation
- Tone for suspended cadence
- Note before final note (can be leading tone/subtonic, but not always)
- Special intonations and accidentals when ascending or descending (shrinking large intervals by sharpening the starting note or flattening the ending note)
- Path from Opening to Dominant tone
- Path from Dominant tone to Final tone
- Mood (light/dark, spiritual/funky)
- Asymmetrical octave extensions (due to just intonation)
- Emphasized notes, order of emphasized notes and frequency (a kind of tone row)
- Melodic dynamic - rising, falling, rising/falling determined by the relative position of starting and ending notes – descent/ascent can be as long as a minute
- 1-note ornamentations
Many pieces modulate from the original makam to another, but only certain modulations are allowed. Sometimes a part of another makam will be used (usually 3-5 notes, forming a triad/tetrachord/pentachord) – these partials are called genera. Due to the oral tradition of teaching makam, makamlar become modified through history, such as through adding genera.
Makams can be categorized in 3 ways:
- Basit (simple)
- Sed (transposed)
- Birlesik (compound, made from 2 makam ajna)
Ussak makam is ascending, and melodic material hovers in the lower notes first.
In Bayati makam, melodic material hovers in the middle notes first, then descends to the tonic.
Turkish Rhythmic Structures - The Usul
Turkish music also differs from western music in that it takes advantage of many more complex meters than duple and triplet forms. Turkish rhythmic structure is called usul (usulu) and these can be from 2 to 128 beats long (2/8 to 128/8). They can be considered almost like rhythmic makam in that a usul's beat accents are "tendencies" rather than explicitly played (just as a makam scale is not played straight). Usula with 2-16 beats are called minor usula and usula with 16-124 beats are called major usuls. Most composed forms have a preferred usul, but taksim (improvisations) have no usul, since they are in free rhythm. Usul beats are short or long and can be thought of as having time values of 2 or 3 units (ex. 3-2-2-3), tho not all beat units are necessarily equal. Again, usula are not played verbatim, rather, they are the meter (rhythmic swing feel).
2-beat usul:
- Turk Aksagi – 1 short, 1 long beat (2/3 = 5 units), 5/8, most basic usul
- Devr-I Turan (3/2/2) – Alevi semah dance
- Devr-I Hindi (2/2/3) – Black Sea horon dance pattern, (2/3/2) is a variant
- Nim Sofyan (3/3/2) – halay and misket dances
- Aksak semai (3/2/2/3) - slower, syncopated
- Curcuna (3/2/2/3) - same as aksak semai but faster, with an obvious beat
- Aksak usul (2/2/2/3) - karşılama dance, Roman oyun havası, şarkı, other folk/urban music
- Agir aksak usul (3/2/2/2) - slow variant of aksak usul found in Zeybek dances
Aksak semai usul rhythm (3/2/2/3)
Part 2 - Classical Music
Part 3 - Folk Music
Part 4 - Religious and Modern Music


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Bernadette Lopez
what good habit do you wish you'd started earlier? International Pageant is a more family-based competition compared to other pageants and I am a very family orientated person. I love that the pageant enables you to change peoples lives by making my voice heard on issues and concerns I believe in.
what concerns do you have with the future?Something few people know about me is I am very persistent. If I believe in something and am turned away I will go back until I achieve it.
what do you most enjoy about traveling?To stay healthy I exercise daily with cardio in the mornings and aerobics in the evenings. I also try eat healthy and surround myself with positive people.
what do you like most about your age?Family values to me are teaching my children our culture and religious beliefs. Showing them to love one another unconditionally, being there for one another and respecting one another because your family has your back through thick or thin.
<< Choose a different Contestant


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The refreshment took a year for the Starbucks group to ace and unites two of the best beverages ever for truly unordinary creation.
Cooked up by espresso ace Justin Burns-Beach, the Espresso Cloud IPA was motivated by the blending procedure behind Starbucks' Shakerato – where a combo of coffee and syrup is shaken until it gets to be foamy.
For this situation, the coffee is shaken over ice with orange pieces and a touch of sweet vanilla to make a billow of miniaturized scale froth which is layered on top of a newly poured IPA; the brew is presented with the frosty shaken coffee shot as an afterthought yet Justin suggests pouring it in.
"Essentially what I needed was the froth to put on top to understand that head on the lager however I would not like to waste the coffee so that is the point at which I chose to simply empty it into the shot glass and have them both one next to the other," he said.
"At that point it resembled, what happens in the event that you simply pour in not more than a few moments? Seeing the impact of that was simply incredible. The visual of it, watching another cloud create was truly energizing."
The outcome? An invigorating punch of vanilla orange-mixed coffee and citrusy IPA.
Some Starbucks branches in the US and UK have tried different things with serving up mixed drinks. Would this new mixture entice you?


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This Pattern will be emailed to you as a PDF file.
Skill Level: Beginner
This is a pattern for an adorable little baby cocoon that you could crochet for your baby, or give as a gift!! Perfect for a baby boy, or girl. This is tight fitting and stretchy. It includes lots of pictures to help you along the way. Bring it with you to the photographer for your newborn pictures, it makes a beautiful and soft photography prop. This could be made in any color/colors! The possibilities are endless!
This pattern is for the beginner crocheter.
Materials Needed:
Size N crochet hook
Bulky Yarn
I offer full support for all of my patterns. Please feel free to email me at any time with any questions.
Your finished items may be sold, as long as you give me credit for the pattern, but the pattern itself is copyrighted and may not be redistributed or copied in any way. If you decide to sell your finished product, please do not use my copyrighted images, you will have to come up with your own.


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CASTRIES, Saint Lucia (April 14, 2011) - It is now so much easier to get questions about vacationing in Saint Lucia answered by trained professionals in the country.
A new call center on the island opened by the Saint Lucia Tourist Board allows prospective visitors in North America to access Saint Lucia information toll-free with specialists based on the Eastern Caribbean island nation.
Six professionally trained Customer Service Representatives (CSRs) manning the lines offer assistance to potential visitors and travel agents seeking real time information about the popular destination.
Tourism and Civil Aviation Minister Senator Allen Chastanet, who led efforts to open the centre, commended the Tourist Board for making this important decision to boost tourism arrivals and revenue.
"The new center supports our hard-working sales team in the marketplace by providing them with crucial administrative assistance which increases our sales productivity and customer service efforts," stated Minister Chastanet.
Minister Chastanet pointed to the added value provided by the CSRs sharing Saint Lucia counsel through the destination's Live Web Chat service being offered on the consumer-friendly website www.saintlucianow.com.
The Call Center operates out of the well-established US-headquartered Ark TeleServices Ltd. located in the Bisee Industrial Estate on the island.
Operating hours are 8 a.m. to 9 p.m. (ET) Monday to Friday; and 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Saturdays.
Toll-free numbers are 1 800 456-3984 and 1 888 478-5824.


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- Overall Length:6.125"
- Blade Length:2.50"
- Blade Thickness:0.12"
- Blade Material:AUS-4
- Hardness:55-57 RC
- Blade Style:Drop Point
- Blade Grind:Hollow
- Finish:Bead Blast
- Edge Type:Plain
- Handle Length:4.25"
- Handle Material:Stainless Steel
- Color:Gray
- Frame/Liner:Stainless Steel
- Weight:2.70 oz.
- Knife Type:Manual
- Opener:Flipper
- Lock Type:Liner Lock
- Brand:CRKT
- Model:Snap Lock
- Model Number:5102
- Designer:Ed Van Hoy
- Country of Origin:China
- Best Use:Everyday Carry
- Product Type:Knife
The CRKT Van Hoy RSL Snap Lock Knife was designed by custom knife maker Ed Van Hoy. The Rotating Snap Lock (RSL) has a cam locking system with two thumb wheels for ambidextrous use. Just press down on a thumb wheel and rotate the blade. The blade can rotate a full 360 degrees with the pocket clip removed, or 180 degrees in either direction with the pocket clip in place. The RSL Snap Lock knife features stainless steel construction with a bead blast finish.
The Snap Lock 5102 has an AUS 4 Wharncliffe blade with decorative hole pattern, and dual thumb wheels for ambidextrous one hand opening. The blade is bead blast finished with a hollow grind and plain cutting edge. The stainless steel wishbone handle features a lanyard hole. Two pocket clips are included for right or left handed carry.


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Adjectives or image descriptions?
Most Helpful Girl
okay, this is EXACTLY what I first think of:
-long dark, almost black hair, sort of wavy
-petite, slender
-beautiful in a simple way
-sort of on the quiet side
-likes animals, especially kittens
-looks great in red
-has big dark eyes
FYI, I do not know ANY marias...and no, I am not on drugs at the moment. this is what I think of when I hear 'maria' :p
So specific LOL
- Show AllShow Less
Santa Maria!
You surely used to play a lot with Lego blocks. You yourself made a complete personality.
hahahaha I LOVED playing with legos actually... :p


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Movie Series - Police Academy
Seven movies following the recruits and graduates of a sub-par police academy.
Wikipedia Link: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_Academy_(film_series)
Boned When... (Login to Submit a Reason)
Police Academy Comments (You must Login to Comment)
|Chalk up sequel syndrome for me. -- Submitted By: (Jp) on September 9, 2013, 3:49 pm - (0 votes) - Login to Vote
|The sequels really boned when they toned them down to PG13. -- Submitted By: (JimPickens) on May 12, 2011, 1:45 am - (0 votes) - Login to Vote
|I can mostly agree with that. If someone knows how to pull it off, a movie intended for only one film can be pulled off into sequels, the problem is that most of these films, like Police Academy, are just hijacked, and made into something that people tire of quickly. -- Submitted By: (PYLrulz) on January 18, 2010, 10:09 pm - (0 votes) - Login to Vote
|Some movies are perfect classics as stand-alones. Police Academy (the first one) was one of these. The sequels should never have been made. -- Submitted By: (Friedrich_Feuerstein) on January 18, 2010, 10:42 am - (0 votes) - Login to Vote
|If they had only made the one film, it would have been remembered as a classic. Unfortunately, because of the sequels, the whole franchise is regarded as a joke. What were they thinking of? -- Submitted By: (Phil.JS) on September 27, 2009, 1:52 pm - (0 votes) - Login to Vote
|It's a disease in Hollywood that any good movie must be rehashed in ever crappier sequels until audiences forget how good the original was. Police Academy could be the poster child for this. The original was a classic, but they kept bringing back the same shtick in sequel after sequel, until we got sick of it. And ironically, the things that we hated about it were the very things that made the original good, overused and taken out of their original context. -- Submitted By: (AndyC) on September 22, 2009, 6:48 pm - (0 votes) - Login to Vote
|The first one was good but like other movies such as Porky's, they should have stopped when they were ahead. -- Submitted By: (JoeBagODonuts) on April 27, 2009, 3:52 am - (1 votes) - Login to Vote


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I also made spine labels:
I'm already starting to file items, which makes me feel like I'm ahead of the game. I also made binders for fall, winter, spring, summer, Halloween, Thanksgiving, Christmas/New Years, and Valentines/St. Patrick's Day. The school I worked at this past year allowed activities that celebrate the commercial aspects of various holidays, so I found that I had quite a few activities related to these occasions. I wanted to keep them separate from the basic seasonal activities for convenience. Sorry I don't have pictures of those ones!
I can already see how this system will make it so much easier to find what I need, not to mention that the portability of the system will make it easier to stay organized when moving items around. I would love to hear what you all think, especially if you have used a system like this. Have a great week!Pin It


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River Redemption Pt 2
Peering through the bottlebrush we could see a promising sight, the combination of fading light and snag lined pocket water. As an experiment we chose to fish different techniques. Jason stuck with the traditional and boring sub surface flies, while I worked the surface.
I could see Jason struggling to raise interest and having no luck with the use of sub surface flies on his side of the riverbank. In total contrast I was raising a heap of fish amongst the shaded structure.
A 5/0 cod charmer was just the ticket for these little cod! A reasonably small fly, but can be fished subtly or worked hard depending on what the fish want on the day.
The hook up rate was pretty low on the day, but since they were mostly small fish it was all about the blow up.
Fishing top water is a great search tool; a lot of water can be covered in minimal time and fished ultra effectively. Nick


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Whilst growing up, I always had some sort of attraction to tattoos, despite my moms efforts to discourage me away from them by saying... They are permanent, They are ugly, They will look horrible when your older, They are meaningless and so on.
I have seen western folk who have gotten Chinese/Japanese/Korean/Thai tattoos that they probably don't know how to pronounce, don't know what it means or have forgotten what it means. Even celebrities like David Beckam have fallen into this Asian exotic tattoos. Well it has never ever crossed my mind to get a tattoo like that, Although my boyfriend wouldn't object to me getting his name tattooed on me,
Its quite tiny but on her foot, if you squint your eyes you may be able to read it
Whats the meaning?
Angelina Jolie
David Beckham
But personally I hate tattoos of peoples names, I just think its disgusting. Its like a statement I belong to so and so forever. What if its not forever and you break up like Peter Andre and Jordan? Also I have heard about people getting a tattoo when they were totally drunk which absolutely shouldn't be allowed like Las Vegas shot gun weddings. Madness,
Jordan's Pete Tattoo before and after
Anyway if i was to get a tattoo I would like to get something a bit more original than bunnies or butterflies or hearts or a name, or Asian writing that I can't understand.. I know a lot of people claim to get a tattoo that means something to them... But do things retain the same meaning for your whole life? What means something to you now, may mean nothing to you when your like 80...
So I think something quirky interesting even odd is probably better. I have had 3 Chinese friends who have had tattoos when I met them so I wasn't there during the decision process but anyway one of them had a rose tattoo on there shoulder, one had a wolf on there shoulder, and one had a scorpion on his neck. All of them are pretty random except for the rose, but it was on a very random person, (my former classmate) who you wouldn't think cared much about roses or who you couldn't imagine him giving a girl a bouquet of roses...
My ex boyfriend was also interested in tattoos although he was a bit of a scaredy cat, he wanted to get a tattoo underneath his arm, where nobody could see it... which I thought was absolutely pointless, Whats the point of getting a tattoo you have to hide forever?
As for me I would like to get a tattoo on my back, not a big one or a dainty one but a normalish size one. I have a few ideas.
The first idea is a bat, because they are largely misunderstood, and I really think if I get a tattoo it will be largely misunderstood. Bats are usually associated with darkness. Not that I am a dark person or anything like that but i do have a scar on my back which makes me feel uncomfortable sometimes. I feel its a secret i always have to hide, and Bats always have to live in secret. hidden in attics etc. So apart from Batman its pretty difficult to see bats.
I like this one although I would prefer a tattoo on my lower back...
I like this one but I would probably want something to put in the middle or even just put pink ink there, or maybe somebody's
I am not sure about this one...
Although this is not a tattoo its very cute|


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This one was inspired by a shirt from H&M that I rediscovered last week in my closet and the technique of painting with tiny strokes as seen in my recent Ikat Nails. This is the first design in weeks that I'm really happy with and I feel like my inspiration is (hopefully) finally coming back. I used two coats of Essie - Sand Tropez as my base color and then painted the tribal pattern with black acrylic paint, like I said with a nail art brush and very short strokes. On top is one coat of Essie - Good To Go. I can really recommend this technique because it's not difficult to achieve a great result. Even with a bit shaky hands the pattern will look just fine. Also this could be a good design to practice nail art with your weak hand!
Enjoy your Sunday evening my dear readers! :)


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Were you searching for wedding planning advice and answers when you found our blog? Welcome to AskNess, I Love My Planner's free solution to help couples plan their wedding with ease and without sales pitches or pressure to buy.
Who's Ness, you ask? I'm Vanessa Alce (a.k.a. Ness), the CEO and Senior Event Planner of I Love My Planner. I'm a professional wedding planner and designer at your service to help you plan your big day. My experience includes designing custom weddings that create the essence of your love story as a couple. Our team doesn't believe in cookie cutter weddings because you're not like every other couple.
With over ten years of experience in the event industry, my team and I can share funny stories about our brides and grooms, our favorite wedding moments and answer pretty much any question you may have. If we don't have the answer, we've also partnered with other wedding professionals to help.
Ask away! Any question goes from 'I don't know how to start planning my wedding' to 'how can I tell if a DJ (or any vendor) is the right fit for my wedding?' AskNess your question in the comments for free and we'll provide answers in future blog posts and Facebook.


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from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition
- n. A small carnivorous raccoonlike mammal (Bassariscus sumichrasti) of Central America, having a black-banded tail.
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
- n. Alternative spelling of cacomixl.
from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
- n. raccoon-like omnivorous mammal of Mexico and the southwestern United States having a long bushy tail with black and white rings
from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition
American Spanish cacomiztle, from Nahuatl tlacomiztli : tlaco, half, part + miztli, mountain lion.
For example, Itzaj form a group of arboreal animals, including monkeys as well as tree-dwelling procyonids (kinkajou, cacomistle, raccoon) and squirrels (a rodent).
How To Study Intuitions: Examples from the Adult and Developmental Literatures
George Clarke: Regarding the comment - If there's one qualm however, it's that it veers into overly serious ... cacomistle: Aside from too much wire work, it was awesome.


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Happy Little Stampers is starting a new challenge this month. The challenge is for ATC's. You ask - what is an ATC. An ATC is a mini work of art which measures 2.5 x 3.5 inches. This can be a challenge but it is a fun challenge.
The challenge this month for the ATC's at Happy Little Stampers is Flowers.
My ATC started as a book page which had a layer of gesso added to it. It was colored with blue distress inks. I stamped a floral image on the front of the ATC and heat embossed it. Basically all you can see of the stamped image is the stems. I had some things hanging out on my creative desk for awhile and I put them to use on this ATC. All the flowers were on different sticker sheets. I just stuck them on where flowers were on the stem. It was a good combination of flowers. One of the sticker sheets had the red trim on it. I cut it in half and added it to the top and bottom of the ATC. I stamped the dots and added the sticker. It was very fun to make.
Come join us at Happy Little Stampers and join us in our new ATC challenge.
Saturday, June 10, 2017
New ATC Challenge at Happy Little Stampers
Posted by Paper Therapy Ponderings at 1:00 PM
4 comments:
- Jane said...
Such pretty flower stickers, they look like they're made from fabric and I love the added texture this gives.
- June 10, 2017 at 3:50 PM
- Kylie said...
How cool that it started as a book page! Great idea, Barb. I LOVE the texture you have created. Amazing ATC! xx
- June 10, 2017 at 7:32 PM
- laurie said...
How fun! I love all the texture,cute card!
- June 11, 2017 at 10:40 AM
- k.m.meena Herale said...
Wow, its so beautiful.
- June 29, 2017 at 8:25 AM
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


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How To Put On A Corset
We understand that the world of corsetry can be overwhelming and so we've combined the best of the science and creativity in the industry to make a simple demystifying guide which can be found here.
Still have questions? Contact us and we will be happy to help.


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Sorted by a weighted, bayesian average, based on reviews from the JuiceDB community.
|Flavor Profile
|Juice Name
Swaggerific (Viscid Collection) by Rasta Vapors
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Lighten the load of the burdens of the day with eliquid Tropwen. An intense mixture of peppermint and menthol, it will take your breath away. The moment you ingest this seasoned mix all your cares and worries will subside. Tropwen eliquid embraces clarity of mind. Light and carefree never sounded so intoxicating.
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Aurora (Viscid Collection) by Rasta Vapors
Give your bland day a little excitement with a slice of something alluring and enticing. Take a walk on the wild side with this clever eliquid mix. A sweet dreamy combination of berries, cream, and vanilla is a taste of heaven on earth. A seemingly mundane day will turn into an adventure with the eliquid taste of Aurora.
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Do you have an urge to chase storms or do tornados have you feeling scared? Indulge in this eliquid twister and be ready to tackle those storms as they roll through in a spiral, gust or sweep. Sweet strawberries with a tangy lemon lime twist give a bodily tornado sensation like no other experience. Twist up your life but stay on the ground with eliquid twisted.
Cheebs by Rasta Vapors
Let the wild horses run free. There are no sissy fruit flavors in this eliquid. Cheebs identifies with the deep, rich, bold tobacco taste for the hardworking cowboy. Settle into the ranch life carcinogen free. Soak in the flavors of this authentic eliquid tobacco savor that will stimulate a ride off into the open range.
Chocoberry by Rasta Vapors
Indulge in the unthinkable with Chocoberry eliquid. Double dipping never looked or sounded more inviting. With a little berry beginning, Chocoberry leaves a smooth flavorful chocolaty taste dancing on your taste buds. This eliquid is made for the rich and not so rich and famous. Escape reality and soak your palette in a delectable treat that will have you coming back for more.


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Self Help Material
Enjoy Self-help material to give you a kickstart into filmmaking.
Pain Demands to be felt, its not as scary as your mind is telling you.
Art Therapy can help. You can express the pressure in your mind through art, on your own terms, in your own way.
Our life ends on the day we become silent about things that matter!


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Spanking Stories 58Favorites [+]
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DRM-free downloads offer content that is not limited by standard Digital Rights Management (DRM) access technologies. These technologies allow hardware manufacturers, publishers, copyright holders and individuals to limit the usage of digital content.
When you purchase DRM-free downloadable content, that content is available for you to download on any computer and save to a disk whenever you like. You can also download to multiple computers. There is no timeframe associated with your purchase and the content will not expire.
Running Time: 49 minutes
Studio Name: Pangolin Holdings
Categories: Fetish Euro Spanking International High Definition British
Description: Pangolin Holdings brings you volume 58 of cute British twinks performing that quintessential UK fetish for spanking!
4 Scenes from Spanking Stories 58
Spanking Stories 58: Scene 1 Free Preview
Sex Acts: Spanking/Paddling, Shaving
Positions: Kneeling
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Sex Acts: Spanking/Paddling, Male On Male Action
Positions: Laying
Settings: Generic Room
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Cambridge, MA. I had occasion to preach on the Harvard campus this morning — Thursday in the 5th week of Lent — and as is often the case, found myself challenged by the Gospel, even before I could present it to the congregation. Today's reading is from the second half of chapter 8 of the Gospel according to John. Paradoxically, Jesus is addressing "the Jews who had believed in him" (8.31); he goes back and forth with them for some 30 verses, and at the end of it all, "they picked up stones to throw at him, but Jesus hid himself and went out of the temple." (8.59) One might expect the opposite, a Jesus who draws into deeper intimacy those who believe in him; but here he accentuates opposition.
It might be thought to be more his fault than theirs. After all, they have stayed, to listen some more, and yet he calls them slaves to sin (34), liars (55), and children of the devil (44), and accuses them of wanting to kill him (37). He provokes them by claiming for himself the identity that is God's alone: "Very truly, I tell you, before Abraham was, I am." (58) And so they pick up stones to throw at him. (59) And these, remember, are the "Jews who had believed in him."
What is going on here? Surely, if Jesus had just stressed the promise of eternal life, some time in the future, they would have been soothed, consoled, pleased. But he enrages them by unequivocally making himself the center of the story: only "if you continue in my word, you are truly my disciples… and you will know the truth, and the truth will make you free." (31) This confrontation seems to be a scene in John's effort to explain how it is that some people came to hate Jesus so much that they wanted to kill him. This Jesus becomes the enemy not for political or social concerns, or due to mere misunderstandings. He does not preach universal values of love and truth in this scene. Rather, it is the outrage of Jesus' claims about himself, as the one who knows God (55), is vouched for by God (54), and is the one whom Abraham was pleased to see (56). It is all about himself: "I am."
The scene is then relevant to thinking religiously and interreligiously, since John roots the scandal of particularity in Jesus himself, and not in the early Church's preaching about Jesus. He himself presents himself as in union with the Father, and he does so with a take it or leave attitude. This Jesus himself, though no egoist, presents a very very demanding portrait of what is at stake: accept me; if you do not, then your traditions and laws and many virtues do not matter at all.
Now it would be easy to take this message as a clear confirmation of Christian particularity, and thus as a judgment on other religions, on those who do not accept that Jesus is the only way. But if we pay attention to the dramatic scene, we may have to think otherwise. This Jesus, again, is not speaking to Romans or Samaritans or Canaanites, but to "Jews who had believed in him." The problem is not outsiders who do not know him, but insiders to the tradition, faithful followers of the rules, respecters of teachers and law-givers through the generations — those who see themselves as already set free, by God's grace, but who, as it turns out, do not believe enough, fully, radically. It is they, not the others, who are the liars, killers, clueless about God and children of the devil.
If this is about those "who had believed in him" — then it is about ourselves, pious Christians today, tempted to pat ourselves on the back for our faith, our tradition, our teachers, our pious ways, as if we are ones who've done enough, been saved by our own tradition and its wisdom. We are the ones who may not be up to the challenge: Jesus alone, and not all the things God has done for us or given us in the past. Christian uniqueness, by this standard, is a challenge to Christians to worry less about the uniqueness of our religion and more about finding life in Jesus in the particular.
Just as the cleansing of the temple manifest Jesus' great wrath against his most religious brethren in the most holy place – and not against Romans or Canaanites (see my blog from several weeks ago) — here Jesus is again driving home the point: if you know me, know me all the way, without compromise. Don't worry about the others; it is you, not them, who are being judged. It is you — and not the Canaanites, not those other Jews who went their way — who are throwing the stones. It is believers throwing the stones.
So have the believers entirely lost their way at the Gospel's end, when they pick up stones to throw at him? Possibly not. Indeed, it is not a good moment, this sudden burst of hostility. But it is good that they find themselves, the good people, under judgment, challenged to believe all the way or not at all: to accept him or kill him.
The uniqueness of Christ, by this reasoning in this Gospel scene, is not an instrument of judging people of other faith traditions. It is rather the stumbling block for those who say they believe, but really do not want to believe in Jesus all the way, because they would rather trust their traditions and their laws.
I realize it is impossible to extricate all this from the liturgy, without undermining the entire scriptural basis of the resurrection (which, obviously, is the whole point.) But it sure casts a depressing shadow over what are supposed to be the holiest liturgical celebrations of the year. Maybe this is why a lot of people kind of secretly like Christmas better.
The Jews referred to in the Gospel were simply the people Jesus lived among. Jesus Himself was Jewish, of course. If Jesus had been sent to live among Irish American Catholics in New York or Baptists in Alabama, then some of those people would have picked up stones with the intent of killing Jesus. Other Jews in Galilee and the rest of Judea became disciples of Jesus. John, the writer of the Gospel, was Jewish. He loved Jesus. Churches are not anti-Semitic when they use Gospel texts.


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Stephen Georg's review published on Letterboxd :
I went into Deadpool with very low expectations—I was pretty sure it wouldn't be my cup of tea. I was right! But the movie also exceeded those same expectations, too.
What makes Deadpool so great is that it knows its audience extremely well, and doesn't pull any punches to make sure that specific audience has a fantastic time. The opening credits ("a CGI character", "a moody teen", etc) set the mood, and that same tone is successfully carried throughout the entire film.
Deadpool is the very definition of antihero (in fact, there's a mini-monologue about how he's not a hero), choosing murder and violence when possible, even when completely needless. The character works because his violent nature is contrasted with comedy—he's a flippant jackass who cracks jokes in every scene.
I was actually surprised how anxious I felt during one scene showing various acts of torture—the scene itself wasn't particularly gratuitous or graphic, but the implied acts made me break out in a cold sweat. Maybe it was just the fact I was on a plane.
Overall, Deadpool wasn't really for me, but that doesn't mean I didn't have fun or that it's a bad film. It's strength is being self-aware of what it needs to be, and it plays to those strengths from start to finish. If you know what you're getting into, it's going to be great, and probably even better than you're expecting.


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BioMed Research International
Volume 2013, Article ID 459402, 7 pages
Sustainability of Tailored Goal Oriented Community Brief Intervention Model among Risky Drinkers in Community in Thailand
WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Drug Dependence (WHOCC), College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
Received 23 April 2013; Revised 2 July 2013; Accepted 2 July 2013
Academic Editor: Robert Patton
Copyright © 2013 Chitlada Areesantichai et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Tailored Goal Oriented Community Brief Intervention Model (TGCBI), first implemented as culturally secure and acceptable to communities in Thailand, is designed in 2 stages or levels: community level, a culturally secure approach to motivate participants to reconsider their drinking behavior; individual level, involved in the key messages received from the community level together with additional input focused towards individuals. TGCBI's effectiveness was measured by the number of abstinent drinkers and number of alcohol-free months among those who continued to drink at followup in two communities that originally had high prevalence of risky drinking. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to investigate the intervention effect. Results indicated that the number of participants who stopped drinking 6 months later and the number of alcohol-free months during followup were significantly greater () for 47 participants in the intervention group compared to the control group (). TGCBI results in sustainable drinking cessation.
1. Introduction
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Thailand was ranked 40th in the world statistics on per capita alcohol consumption in 2001 [1].
The 2007 Thai National Household Survey on Substance and Alcohol Use was based on a representative sample as described elsewhere [2]. The principal objective of the survey was to estimate the number of people in Thailand who ever used drugs, including alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs, and some prescription drugs. This survey used a multistage sampling scheme. The final sampling unit was the household. All residents aged 12–65 years who had lived in that household for more than three months were selected. A face-to-face structured interview was administered by a trained interviewer to elicit data on experiences of substance use in lifetime, past year, and past 30 days. The survey response rate was 84.6%. The results revealed that the past year alcohol consumption was 13.23 million people—28.4% of the population aged 12–65 years, and the past 30 days was 10.54 million—22.7% of the population aged 12–65 years. In addition, more than half of the latter were regarded as current drinkers continuing to drink in the "last week." Among the 13.23 million who drank during the past year, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores indicated that almost 23% (approximately 2.79 million) were "hazardous drinkers," while 3% (0.39 million) were categorized as "harmful drinkers" and a further 2% (0.23 million) were "alcohol dependent" [2].
During 1992–1996, we studied the alcohol consumption behavior in Lopburi Province and found that the popular alcohol beverages were white spirit, Thai liquor, beer, local liquor, and Chinese liquor, respectively [3]. This study based on Thai National Household Survey in 2007 which indicated Lopburi had the highest alcohol consumption. From 11 districts in Lopburi province, we selected two districts with high risk prevalence of alcohol consumption, that is, Chai Badan district (15.60%) and Phatthana Nikhom district (12.52%) as the control and intervention communities, respectively [2]. This suggests that there is a need to develop and evaluate the impact of strategies to reduce alcohol related harm in such communities.
Brief Interventions (BI) have been identified by WHO as short, simple, and cost effective [4, 5] reducing alcohol consumption among risky drinkers, with direct relevance for a middle income country such as Thailand [6–9]. They can potentially be adopted for implementation within communities.
In Thailand, there are no reports describing community based alcohol interventions. Hence, the Tailored Goal Oriented Community Brief Intervention Model (TGCBI) is the first reported approach to be implemented for risky drinkers in the community to prevent and reduce alcohol dependence. In prior reports of this study, we have described the TGCBI, analyses of AUDIT scores [10], and analyses of reducing alcohol consumption [11]. This paper aims to describe an analysis of the impact of the intervention on drinking over a 6-month followup among risky drinkers in two high drinking prevalence communities.
2. Materials and Methods
The materials and methods detailed of the TGCBI are presented in the previous report [10, 11]. Our study is based on the 2007 Thai National Household Survey. We focused on Lopburi Province which has 11 districts and classified the districts by using the percentage prevalence of alcohol consumption in each district and then categorized as high (more than 10%), medium (6%–10%), and low risk (less than 6%). We selected two high prevalence districts, that is, Phatthana Nikhom (12.52%) and Chai Badan (15.60%) as intervention and control, respectively. We selected two communities that had similar demographic characteristics but are sufficiently distant apart (approximately 100 kms) to reduce contamination across the two sites. We interviewed all participants who met inclusion criteria from every household in the intervention and control groups. We selected only "risky drinkers" (i.e., those identified as hazardous and harmful drinkers) who reported AUDIT scores of 8–19 [12].
In our research, we used a quasi-experimental design for two reasons. First, this study selected only risky drinkers who reported AUDIT 8–19 scores [12]. Second, this intervention was implemented in a community. The people who lived in the community know each other. It is very hard to randomize samples without concern of cross-group contamination.
2.1. Study Participants
2.1.1. Number of Participants
We used a two-tailed test, at 5% significance level, with 80% power, the H0 is 5% or less; the target of the intervention was 30%. After calculation, this study required a sample size [13] of 42 for each group. In anticipation of 10% loss for the followup, the sample size was increased to 46.2. All data were analyzed at a single point at the end of the trial. The final study samples were at least 46 participants per group. Two teams of staff interviewed all eligible participants in both intervention and control groups at the same time period. The intervention and control communities are alike in type of alcohol consumption, the number of alcohol shops, and community resources (such as each having a provincial hospital, sanitarium, and temple). Located at a distance of 100 kms from each other (to reduce contamination across the two sites), their alcohol consumption rates were relatively similar.
2.1.2. Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria
Briefly, the participants in our study were eligible for face-to-face interviews if they were 19 to 65 years old, had lived in the household for more than 6 months, had no recorded history of alcohol dependence, psychiatric disorder or psychosomatic symptoms, and alcohol-related diseases from hospital, and no current pregnancy. The samples were collected from all members of two high-risk drinking communities. In short, they were stable residents, who had symptoms of risky drinking but not evidence of severe dependence or severe related problems.
2.1.3. Recruitment Strategy
We interviewed all participants who met inclusion criteria from every household in both communities. 509 potential participants were identified for the intervention group and 510 for the control group. Participants studied were selected on the basis of positive screening scores (hazardous drinking scores = 8–15 and harmful level = 16–19) as risky drinkers on the AUDIT [12]. Among 78 risky drinkers from Phatthana Nikhom, 8 participants could not be included: 2 entered monkhood, 1 was undergoing methamphetamine treatment, and 5 were transferred to work in other provinces. Among 70 remaining risky drinkers, 57 participants voluntarily participated but only 47 participants completed the follow-up process and are included in these analyses. Regarding the 74 risky drinkers in Chai Badan, 1 died, 1 entered monkhood, and 16 were transferred to work in other provinces. Among 56 remaining risky drinkers, 50 participants completed the follow-up process and were included in these analyses (Figure 1). The completed follow-up rates were 60.3% and 67.6% in the intervention and control groups, respectively.
2.2. Tailored Goal Oriented Community Brief Intervention Model (TGCBI)
The TGCBI has been described previously [10, 11]. Briefly, we designed TGCBI for our intervention in 2 levels: community/public level and individual level.
For the community/public level, we arranged a meeting with key informants (e.g., the abbot, community doctor, and village leader) before the individual level was implemented. Thai communities are strongly influenced by elders, doctors, and monks. It was considered critical that, for the intervention to receive community support, these key individuals were actively engaged in the study. The use of these "key informants" added a unique aspect to the brief intervention which is usually individual focused. Culturally, strong community support for behavior change is an important element of commitment, especially in small Thai communities where people tend to have strong relationships and connectedness across the whole village. A cohesive community with belief in religion and trust in monks, doctors, and village leader and respect for this leadership in the community demanded that the intervention link individually focused brief interventions to a community engagement. TGCBI is an intervention focused not only at private or individual level but also at a community/public level.
At the individual level, elements of the brief interventions (BI) as FRAMES were used [4, 5] emphasizing additional input suitable for the community and its cultural context, which key messages received from the community/public level. Below is the additional input.
Feedback. We request the participants to assess the level of drinking and related outcomes. Subsequently we provided feedback of the AUDIT scores.
Responsibility. We encouraged participants to focus on factors that influenced their alcohol consumption and related harms. They will be inspired to voluntarily commit to change drinking behavior and to participate in our TGCBI.
Advice. The participants were provided with advice about how drinking can contribute to problems they experienced and how changing drinking behavior can result in a reduction in problems.
Menu of Options. We encouraged the participants to set their own goal(s) but with the participation of family members and/or peers and/or the village leader and/or a monk to help them to achieve their goal(s). This is consistent with Thai culture and community life.
Empathy. At the beginning of the TGCBI introduction, the researchers emphasized their understanding of the individual's personal circumstances, the challenges of change, the importance of family and community while building commitment to the intervention, and involvement in the research program.
Self-Efficacy. The interval sessions at one, two weeks, and one month of the TGCBI were planned to support the participants' confidence in reducing or abstaining from drinking. The researchers took a role in observing the participants, and progress was monitored, including giving supportive feedback to achieve their goals.
Detailed procedures are provided in previous reports [10, 11]. Operationally, the TGCBI was administered in 4 sessions over 2 months for each participant. Each session took 15 to 60 minutes. All sessions were conducted by the PI (the interventionist) and a counselor. Sometimes a key informant joined one or more sessions. Session 1 was devoted to encouraging the participant by boosting his/her confidence, setting drinking reduction goals, instilling responsibility, and obtaining his/her commitment to reduce drinking. Session 2, about 1 week after session 1, was conducted by monitoring the participant's drinking and ascertaining his/her adherence to drinking reduction goal(s). Session 3 was about 2 weeks after session 2, and the participant had the same goal(s), in addition to providing encouragement, confidence building, and enhancement of self-efficacy. Session 4 was about 1 month after, and the participant had the same goal(s) as session 3.
Fifty-seven participants (73.1%) in the intervention group volunteered to attend the TGCBI intervention. The proportions of participants attending 1 session, 2 sessions, 3 sessions, and all 4 sessions were 8.8%, 8.8%, 14%, and 68.4%, respectively; that is, more than 82% of participants attended three or four sessions, indicating good adherence to the intervention.
2.3. Measurement and Instruments
2.3.1. Measurement
Two separate groups of 5 interviewers collected data in each community at the same time period. They were trained by the PI and not allowed to start interviewing until a level of proficiency was reached. Fidelity to the protocol was monitored by the interventionist. Interviewers were blinded to the design. Consent was obtained at face-to-face interviews using a protocol approved by the Health Sciences Review Board Committee, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok.
2.3.2. Instruments
The content of the questionnaire includes demographic characteristics, alcohol consumption, AUDIT and the timeline follow-back instrument (TLFB). The AUDIT's sensitivity and specificity is 0.92 and 0.94, respectively [14]. Additionally, we established validity and test-retest reliability in our community context (Kappa .852). The TLFB [15] is a valid and reliable method of quantifying patterns of alcohol use (30 days) and has been used in a number of investigations to identify intervention outcome in terms of daily alcohol use over extended time periods [16]. The questionnaire was translated into Thai and back-translated into English to ensure its accuracy in translation.
2.4. Measurement of Number of Abstinent Participants and Number of Alcohol Free Months at the Whole 6-Month FollowUp
The measurement to check the effectiveness of TGCBI outcomes are abstinence for the whole 6-month followup and, for participants who did not achieve full 6-month abstinence, number of alcohol free months at the whole follow-up period. Outcome was analyzed using multivariate Poisson regression rate ratios estimation. Number of alcohol free months at the whole follow-up period outcome is defined as the participants in the intervention and control groups who stopped drinking for a month or more during the whole follow-up period. This was analyzed by Poisson regression. Thus, two drinking outcome measures were used: stopped drinking for the whole 6-month followup and total number of alcohol free months over the whole follow-up period.
2.5. Analysis
Our study used multivariate analysis: Poisson regression to analyze abstinence for the whole 6-month followup and number of alcohol free months for participants who completed followups at 1, 3, and 6 months in the intervention and control groups. The control variables were current age and gender. The multivariate analysis focused on the effect of the intervention group and control group and aimed to reduce some confounding factors which may affect the outcome variables. Poisson model has a strong theoretical assumption that the conditional variance of the outcome variable equals the conditional mean. Poisson regression gives maximum rate ratios estimation. We obtained robust standard errors for the parameter estimation. We present the regression results as rate ratios. These rate ratios values are equal to coefficients values. All statistical analyses were undertaken using the Stata Program version 11.
3. Results
When comparing the community demographic characteristics of those who completed all followups in the intervention and control groups (intervention group = 47 participants and control = 50 participants), it was found that they had similar demographic and drinking characteristics, that is, 85.1% and 88.0% were males, and mean ages were 43.3 and 40.7 years among intervention and control participants; and mean of baseline AUDIT scores were 11.6 and 10.8, and percentage of heavy drinking (5 + standards drink) monthly was 42.6% and 42.0% in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Moreover, the participants who completed intervention and control groups were not different from the participants lost to followup.
The analysis of intervention on the rate ratios of being abstinent drinking for the whole 6-month followup shows that males were more likely to be abstinent compared to females. Older participants were more likely to be abstinent compared to the younger. Participants in the intervention group were more likely to be abstinent over the whole 6-month followup than the control group. Approximately, 23.4% (11 participants) in the intervention group were abstinent compared to 6% (3 participants) in the control group (Table 1).
Table 2 shows the effect of intervention on total alcohol free months. The results show that males had more alcohol-free months than females, and older participants had more alcohol-free months than the younger participants. In the intervention group, the average number of alcohol-free months was 0.89, almost twice as many as the control group (0.42). Tables 1 and 2 illustrate the significant impact of age and gender. We used the current age and gender as control variables in the Poisson regression to analyze the rate ratio of abstinence for the whole 6-month followup and total number of alcohol-free months at the whole follow-up period in Table 3.
The rate ratios of stop drinking for the whole 6-month followup and total number of alcohol-free months at the whole follow-up period in Table 3 shows that the confidence interval (95% CI) of "abstinence for the whole 6-month followup" and "total number of alcohol-free months at the whole follow-up period" in the intervention group are narrow when compared to Tables 1 and 2. The narrow confidence interval of two outcomes (gender and age current variables) indicates that other variables (heavy drinking, education, born places, occupation, and marital status variables) in Tables 1 and 2 do not appear to be confounding on the main outcome variables (abstinence for the whole 6-month followup and total number of alcohol-free months at the whole follow-up period). However, the rate ratio estimation in Table 3 is similar to Tables 1 and 2. In addition, we used univariate analysis in the two groups. The result shows that the coefficient value is similar among baseline variables (Tables 1 and 2), gender, age, group variables (intervention and control groups) as Table 3, and only the group variable (intervention and control groups). That is, those variables appear to have no effect on the TGCBI intervention.
4. Discussion
This study is the first to implement TGCBI as a community intervention trial. TGCBI is a new intervention which appears to have relevance for an individual in a cultural community context. While it is acknowledged that four sessions over two months are more intensive than many brief interventions and that brief interventions are not usually delivered with such community involvement, it is contended that the interventions are still low intensity. It is evident that this relatively low intensity intervention is feasible in the Thai community—over 68% of participants adhered, as indicated by the participation of over 68% who attended all four sessions. A previous report describes the efficacy in more detail [10, 11].
The two outcomes (abstinence for the whole 6-month followup and total number of alcohol-free months at the whole follow-up period) in this study support the sustainability of TGCBI intervention. Of course, limitations include the reliance on individual responses without objective confirmation (e.g., biological analyses); using the same interviewers who were not blind to the hypotheses to assess the intervention and the control groups and relatively small sample size, potentially limiting generalizability. The result of this study reported outcomes only for those participants who completed all followups in the intervention group. The results indicated that the number of participants who were for the whole 6 months and the number of alcohol-free months during followups were significantly greater () for the intervention () compared to the control group (). Therefore, further study will need to assess the impact in subgroups (e.g., older versus younger participants). Our study compared the TGCBI in the intervention group with no intervention in the control group. However, in the further research the two points of comparison of the effects and cost-effectiveness to those of our intervention are needed. Also, the feasibility of our intervention in other locations remains to be assessed.
In the context of these limitations, there is evidence supporting the impact of the intervention: there is good intervention adherence or compliance; the participants in the intervention are more likely to abstinent compared to the control group, and the intervention participants had more alcohol-free months compared to the controls. These two outcomes reflect the sustainability of TGCBI, at least over the 6-month followup, in the intervention community.
The results from this study correspond with systematic reviews which have confirmed the efficacy of brief interventions in reducing risky levels of alcohol consumption in nondependent individuals [6–8, 17, 18]. A recent systematic review [19] on the efficacy of brief alcohol interventions concluded that intervention could reduce alcohol consumption. Another study on brief intervention found that it was an important and effective way to reduce alcohol-related harm, especially in primary care settings [20, 21]. This treatment strategy has been shown to be as effective for heavy drinkers as more intensive interventions, more cost-effective due to the length of treatment and can be used in a wide variety of primary care settings to reach a large number of patients. Significant reductions of up to 30% in alcohol consumption have been achieved in a variety of health care settings, including hospital and general practice [19–21]. Brief interventions in primary care are also cost-effective [22].
Our study suggests that TGCBI implementation has potential benefits as a community based intervention, and that it is a suitable tool for public health personnel in hospitals and health centers to identify alcohol use disorder, to undertake consultations, to provide accurate knowledge and understanding about alcohol consumption, and to reduce alcohol dependence in the community. In addition, we have found that brief interventions, linked to community support from elders, monks, and so forth, can be effectively delivered. In future research, we will demonstrate the impact of a cost efficient intervention that can gain support from community leaders and that seems to be readily accepted by communities. Moreover, a larger study would be necessary to undertake subgroup analyses, which clearly is merited by the importance of the findings of this initial study. Of course for those with more severe problems, who were excluded from this investigation, more intensive interventions may be required.
5. Conclusions
We have presented evidence that the TGCBI has impact in terms of total abstinence and periodic abstinence. The sustainability of TGCBI beyond 6 months remains to be determined.
The authors are very grateful to the late Associate Professor Vichai Poshyachinda, M.D., who imparted broad insight and knowledge regarding the current research. The authors express special thanks to Professor Chitr Sitti-amorn, M.D., Ph.D., for consultation, comments, and helpful guidance. Also, they extend many thanks to the staff, participants, and key informants (i.e., the abbot, the Director of Phatthana Nikhom Community Hospital—Dr. Nopporn Pongpleumpitichai—and health personnel) for their support and help.
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Event Helps Students, Alumni Build a Personal, Professional Network
LEXINGTON, Ky. (Dec. 14, 2017) — Join fellow students, young alumni, members of the Northern Kentucky/Greater Cincinnati University of Kentucky Alumni Club, and prominent business owners and employers for the Cat Connections meet-and-greet 11:30 a.m. Thursday, Jan. 4, 2018, at Central Bank & Trust Co., located at 7310 Turfway Road, Suite 200, in Florence, Kentucky.
This is a perfect opportunity to meet people who want to help or hire UK students and alumni. Not currently in the job market? Come to connect with UK alumni and friends in the area and build your personal and professional network. Business owners and employers in the Northern Kentucky/Greater Cincinnati area are invited to come to meet and greet educated candidates for employment and internship opportunities, and connect with other business owners and employers.
Business owners/employers scheduled to attend include:
- Larry Luebbers, vice president, private banking officer, Central Bank;
- June Carpenter, human resources officer, Central Bank;
- Ryan P. Estes, president, C.K. Ash & Associates Inc.;
- Watson Jones, business agent, C.K. Ash & Associates Inc.; and
- Jeff Nelson, senior client engagement representative, Vivitec Solutions.
Complimentary lunch is included. Business attire is encouraged. Attendees should bring business cards and resumes.
Space is limited. To register for the event, go to www.ukalumni.net/nkygccatconnections. For information, contact Leslie Hayes at 859-257-3705 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
The UK Alumni Association is a membership supported organization committed to fostering lifelong engagement among alumni, friends, the association and the university. For more information about the UK Alumni Association or to become a member, visit www.ukalumni.net or call 1-800-269-2586.
UK is the University for Kentucky. At UK, we are educating more students, treating more patients with complex illnesses and conducting more research and service than at any time in our 150-year history. To read more about the UK story and how you can support continued investment in your university and the Commonwealth, go to: uky.edu/uk4ky. #uk4ky #seeblue


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Here's an example that I ran on a recent dataset:
- An item sold 400 units last year in Q4, at a price of $49.
- Customers who purchased comparable items repurchase at a 20% rate.
- Customers who purchased this item repurchase at a 15% rate, though equal in every other manner to customers buying other products.
- Each customer who repurchases is worth $150 in the next three months.
So, you earn $49 * 400 = $19,600 by selling the item.
Then the item spoils loyalty, costing you the following:
- 400 * (.15 - .20) * 150 = $3,000 of future demand.
The net productivity of the item, then, is not $19,600 ... but is $19,600 - $3,000 = $16,600. You run a profit and loss statement on the current value of the item and the future value you either spoil or build.
Make sense?
Now go out there and run a Loyalty Spoiler analysis (hint --- email marketing is the best place to start, it is so easy and straightforward here).
If you don't have the resources to run your own Loyalty Spoiler analysis, contact me (click here)


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Double ka meeta is one of the special delicacy of hyderabad. First time when i had this dish in a restaurant i was really impressed with the taste. Next thing i know, i am trying to make it at home.
I found the shahi tukda recipe in many places which is very similar to the double ka meeta. I think the only difference is that the double ka meeta is served with bread slices crumbled and shahi tukda has a definite shape.
Whatever the differences it definitely is very tasty. so this time i prepared this for my birthday. A little treat for myself ;)
Here's the recipe.
Bread slices -- 10(1 day old or hard bread works best)
Milk -- 1 liter
Sugar -- 1/3 cup
Ghee (clarified butter) -- 2/3 cup
Mixed chopped nuts -- 1/4 cup (lightly roasted)
Boil milk and simmer it on low flame until the milk thickens. Reduce it to almost 1/4 of the original quantity. Run it in the blender to get smooth, creamy milk.
Chill it in the fridge.
Remove the Crust from the bread and cut it into desired shape (round, triangle etc.).
Heat ghee in wide pan and deep fry the bread slices until light golden brown and crispy. It is best done on low flame. Take them out on the paper towels.
Add enough water to the sugar to dissolve it and cook it on a low flame to make a thick sugar syrup.
15 minutes before serving,
Arrange the bread slices in a plate. Pour the sugar syrup on it and let it soak for 3-4 minutes.
Now transfer them in a serving dish. Pour the chilled creamy milk on the slices. Garnish with chopped nuts.
Refrigerate it for another 10 minutes and serve chilled. (do not wait till it becomes soggy)
Entering this into Melodie's


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1 March mom doesn't know the gender so for her I am in unisex land on the colors. So far I have 1 hat done & am about halfway done with hat #2. My plan is to make 3 hats & a snuggle sack. Here goes with the pics:
|finished hat.....
these are using the same baby hat pattern I posted last time. And I think I'll make the pea-pod-baby-snuggle-sack for her too.
|hat in progress
|yarn for hat #3