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Advances in Materials Science and Engineering
Volume 2014, Article ID 815340, 9 pages
Numerical Simulation of the Vibration Behavior of Curved Carbon Nanotubes
1Department of Solid Mechanics and Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM),
81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
2Laboratory of Building Physics (LFC), Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, 58429-900 Campina Grande, PB, Brazil, Brazil
4School of Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLS 4222, Australia
5School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
Received 20 February 2014; Accepted 22 April 2014; Published 29 May 2014
Academic Editor: Bin Li
Copyright © 2014 Sadegh Imani Yengejeh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Several zigzag and armchair single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were modeled by a commercial finite element package and their vibrational behavior was studied. Numerous computational tests with different boundary conditions and different bending angles were performed. Both computational and analytical results were compared. It was shown that the computational results are in good agreement with the analytical calculations in the case of straight tubes. In addition, it was concluded that the natural frequency of straight armchair and zigzag CNTs increases by increasing the chiral number of both armchair and zigzag CNTs. It was also revealed that the natural frequency of CNTs with higher chirality decreases by introducing bending angles. Nevertheless, the influence of increasing bending angle on the natural frequency of armchair and zigzag CNTs with lower chiral number is almost negligible.
1. Introduction
Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by Iijima in 1991 [1], these nanostructures have been the focus of many investigations. CNTs are important to industrial applications because of their outstanding mechanical and physical properties such as strength and lightness. The investigations on CNTs can be divided into two groups of experimental and computational approaches. Molecular dynamics (MD) and continuum mechanics approach such as the finite element method (FEM) have been the most popular approaches to study the behavior, for example, the vibrational behavior, of these nanoparticles [2]. In the following, the results of several studies on the evaluation of CNTs vibrational properties are presented.
In 2009, Georgantzinos et al. [3] proposed a linear spring-based element formulation for the computation of vibrational characteristics of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). They developed three-dimensional nanoscale elements and corresponding elemental equations for the numerical treatment of the dynamic behavior, that is, appropriate stiffness and mass characteristics, of SWCNTs. They also assembled the elemental equations and constructed the dynamic equilibrium equation, applying the atomic microstructure of CNTs. The developed elements in their investigations simulated the relative translations and relation between atoms. Consequently, they could apply the molecular mechanics theory directly due to the modeling of atomic bonds, applying physical variables such as bond stretching. Based on their results, new natural frequencies and mode shapes for numerous CNTs under different boundary conditions were found. They also showed that their results indicated very good agreement compared to numerical predictions from the literature. In 2010, Xia and Wang [4] investigated the vibration characteristics of fluid-conveying carbon nanotubes with a curved longitudinal structure. They could obtain the natural frequencies of curved carbon nanotubes conveying fluid and compared them with those of straight CNTs. Their findings revealed that CNTs with circular curved longitudinal shape are unconditionally stable even for a system with sufficiently high flow velocity. In 2011, Arghavan and Singh [5] presented a detailed numerical study on the free and forced vibration of straight SWCNTs. They analyzed both armchair and zigzag CNTs with clamped-clamped and clamped-free boundary conditions in order to find their natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes. Their results indicated the appearance of these modes of vibration in the eigenvalues and eigenvectors without any distinction. They finally concluded that in the case of zigzag CNTs, the axial modes appeared to be decoupled whereas the armchair nanotubes show coupling between such modes. Although they thoroughly investigated the behavior of straight CNTs, the study on the behavior of curved nanotubes is only rarely addressed. Ghavamian and Öchsner [6] investigated the eigenvalues and eigenfrequencies of CNTs under the influence of defects in 2013. After simulating armchair and zigzag configurations of zigzag and armchair CNTs based on the FEM, they introduced three most likely defects to the models in order to represent defective forms of SWCNTs. These defects are carbon vacancy, Si-doping, and perturbation. Finally they examined and also compared the vibrational behavior of perfect and defective CNTs. According to their findings, SWCNTs have a natural frequency in the range of 18.69 to 24.01 GHz. In addition, it was pointed out that the existence of any type of defects leads to a lower value of natural frequency and vibrational stability. The aim of this study is to continue the previous investigations and to focus on the evaluation and comparison of vibrational behavior of curved CNTs with different bending angles. Since experimental observations (e.g., based on electron microscopes) show that CNTs are not usually straight, but rather have certain degree of curvature or waviness along the nanotubes length [7, 8], we focus in the following on the investigation of the effect of the curvature on the dynamic behavior. All our simulations were performed with the commercial finite element code MSC.MARC (MSC Software Corporation, Santa Ana, CA, USA).
2. Methodology
2.1. Geometric Definition
CNTs are assumed to be some kind of hollow cylinder shape configurations, as shown in Figure 1. These special nanostructures can be imagined by rolling a graphene sheet into a cylinder. They possess a length over 10 μm and diameters ranging from 1 to 50 nm. The geometry of a CNT is defined by the chiral vector and the chiral angle . The chiral vector is presented by two unit vectors and and two integers and as it is presented by the following equation [9]:
The construction of CNTs is defined based on the chiral vector or angle by which the sheet is rolled into a cylinder, in three different configurations including chiral, zigzag, and armchair. In the case of () or () the zigzag CNT is constructed. An armchair CNT is obtained in terms of chiral vector () or in terms of chiral angle (), and finally a chiral CNT is shaped if or [9].
Based on the following equation, the diameter of the CNT can be calculated: where and nm is the length of the C–C bond [9].
The modeling method presented in this study follows the idea first suggested in [10] where the theory of classical structural mechanics was extended into the modeling of CNTs. In a CNT, carbon atoms are bonded together by covalent bonds which have their characteristic lengths and angles in a three-dimensional space. Afterwards, it was suggested that CNTs, when subjected to loading, act as space-frame structures. Therefore, the bonds between carbon atoms are considered as connecting load-carrying generalized beam members, while the carbon atoms behave as joints of the members. This idea is schematically shown in Figure 1.
In this study, the configurations of both armchair and zigzag SWCNTs were simulated by the CoNTub software [11]. Defining the chirality and the length of the tubes, the spatial coordinates of the C-atoms and the corresponding connectivities (i.e., the primary bonds between two nearest-neighboring atoms) were calculated. Then the gathered data was transferred to a commercial finite element package, where C–C bonds were modeled as circular beam elements [12]. Afterwards, the FE analyses were conducted and vibrational behavior of different armchair and zigzag CNTs was evaluated.
The natural frequency is the frequency of a vibrating system at which the system oscillates at greater amplitude due to existence of the resonance phenomenon. Geometry, mass, and applied boundary conditions are the factors which influence these quantities. The natural frequency is mainly evaluated to examine the vibrational behavior of structural members. The first natural frequency of an Euler-Bernoulli beam element under different boundary condition is defined by the following equation [13]: where , , , and are the Young's modulus, the second moment of area, the mass per unit length, and the length of the nanotube, respectively. The value for fixed-free, fixed-fixed, and free-free boundary condition is 3.5156, 22.373, and 22.4, respectively.
2.2. Material Parameters and Boundary Conditions
In this study, the vibrational behavior of numerous types of armchair and zigzag SWCNTs under fixed-free, fixed-fixed, and free-free boundary conditions is investigated, in which one end is either free or fully fixed while the other end is fixed in the first two cases and for the third case both ends are completely free, as illustrated in Figure 2.
Figure 3 illustrates an armchair CNT under fixed-free boundary condition. The models of CNTs were simulated from straight CNT to curved CNT with 45° bending angle, as shown in Figure 3.
For defining the properties of the equivalent beam elements for the CNT bonds, no such classical examinations or geometric derivations are available. As a result, the same values for the equivalent beam elements are assumed as in the approach proposed in [10, 15, 16]. These effective material and geometrical properties were found in the mentioned references based on a molecular mechanics method. Their motions are regulated by a force field, which is generated by electron-nucleus interactions and nucleus-nucleus interactions, and frequently expressed in the form of steric potential energy. This steric potential energy is in general the sum of contributions from bond stretch interaction, bond angle bending, dihedral angle torsion, and improper (out of plane) torsion as illustrated in Figure 4.
The introduced constants and the element properties of CNTs (armchair and zigzag) are listed in Table 1.
3. Results and Discussion
The vibrational behavior of different armchair and zigzag SWCNTs was investigated for different curvatures from 0° to 45° bending angle (fixed-free, fixed-fixed, and free-free boundary condition). After evaluating their natural frequencies from FEM, the results were compared to analytical calculations given by (3) in the case of straight configurations in order to have some kind of validation of the FE approach. Figure 5 illustrates the first mode of vibration of a (16-0) armchair CNT under different boundary conditions.
The relative difference between the analytical solution and FEM results of straight CNTs was defined by the following equation:
This difference is listed in Table 2 for the case of the fixed-free boundary condition. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the computational solutions are in good agreement with the analytical calculations for the cantilevered boundary condition.
Each mode shape shows a significant natural frequency and eigenmode based on the boundary condition of the CNTs. For instance, the first four eigenmodes of a armchair CNT are shown in Figure 6.
Having a closer look on the results, it was revealed that the natural frequency of straight armchair and zigzag CNTs increases by increasing the chiral number of both armchair and zigzag CNTs, as illustrated in Figure 7.
It is also obvious that the natural frequency of both armchair and zigzag CNTs varied in a high value range. Comparison with other computational approaches based on a linear spring-based element formulation for straight CNTs [3] indicates a similar range of the frequencies.
It is clear that the existence of any geometrical imperfection, bending angle in particular, in the structure of armchair and zigzag straight CNTs results in a reduction in the natural frequency by increasing the bending angle, as illustrated in Figure 8. The natural frequency decreases for all cases of boundary conditions. However, it should be noted that this trend is more obvious for the CNTs with higher chirality, as the decrease of natural frequency for both armchair and zigzag CNTs with lower chirality is almost negligible. It is also indicated that the gradual decrease for the fixed-fixed and free-free case of boundary condition is more significant compared to the fixed-free case at higher curvatures. In addition, this trend is more obvious for the armchair CNTs.
Since higher natural frequencies may be important in some applications such as mass sensing at nanoscale [17], we exemplarily evaluated the second and third natural frequency and the corresponding mode shapes for the case of three armchair nanotubes, see Figure 9.
Comparison with Figure 8(a) shows that the second natural frequency is practically the same as the first one. However, the third natural frequency is approximately five times higher than the first natural frequency. Furthermore, the trend line for the higher frequencies is similar to the one from the first natural frequency. An example of the corresponding mode shapes is presented in Figure 10.
4. Conclusions
In this study, numerous CNTs (zigzag and armchair) were simulated by an FE approach and their vibrational behavior was examined through performing several computational tests with different boundary conditions and variable bending angles. Towards achieving the most accurate results the vibrational behaviors of these CNTs were evaluated analytically and computationally and were compared together. It was concluded that the natural frequency of straight CNTs increases by increasing the chiral number of both armchair and zigzag CNTs. It was also revealed that the natural frequency of CNTs (zigzag and armchair) with higher chirality decreases by introducing bending angles for all cases of boundary conditions. However, the change of increasing the bending angle on the natural frequency of armchair and zigzag CNTs with lower number of chirality is almost negligible. The finding of this study may have useful effects on further investigations of CNTs.
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.
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Thursday, November 27, 2008
Simple Snowman
To celebrate the first snowfall last week we decided on a whim that a winter themed craft was a must. Aiden quickly decided he wanted to make himself a snowman. The finished product is now proudly displayed on our refrigerator and Aiden has decided he would like to make one for all of his favorite family members as well. This would also make a cute and simple Christmas card idea for little ones to make for their loved ones.
What you need -
1 piece of colored construction paper for the background
1 piece of white construction paper
Cotton balls
White glue, a paper plate and a popsicle stick
Glue stick
3 buttons
1 orange pipe cleaner and 1 brown pipe cleaner
1 piece of ribbon
Googly eyes or 2 additional smaller buttons for eyes
To Assemble -
1. Cut 3 varying sizes of circles from white construction paper. Have your child apply cotton balls to the circles using the popsicle stick and white glue from a paper plate.
2. Have your child choose a color of construction paper to use as the backdrop for your snowman. Using a glue stick help your little one adhere snowballs to the background paper to form the snowman.
3. Have your budding artist pick out the buttons and ribbon that will be used to give your snowman some character. Cut the brown pipe cleaner in half to make 2 arms and trim a small piece of orange pipe cleaner for the nose. Trim and tie a small piece of the ribbon to form a scarf.
4. Time to decorate!! Your child can apply the buttons, googly eyes, scarf and pipe cleaners using the popsicle stick and white glue..with some guidance from Mommy if needed.
There you have it!! One smart looking snowman. Feel free to get creative and add some extra touches. The fun with this is every creation is different!!
Posted by styledarling at 6:48 PM
1 comment:
- Shelley said...
That is so cute! My son loves playing with cotton balls so we'll have to try this one.
- December 1, 2008 at 7:23 PM
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RICHMOND, R.I. -- Rhode Island State Police say it appears that two Fitchburg men who were killed in a rollover crash on Interstate 95 not far from the Connecticut state line Saturday night were not wearing their seat belts.
Sean McCarriston, 32, and Ryan Gromada, 23, both of 120 Lawrence St., Unit 2, Fitchburg, both died as a result of injuries suffered in a crash on Interstate 95 in Richmond Saturday about 9:30 p.m., according to a press release.
State police said a car driven by McCarriston appears to have been traveling southbound at a high rate of speed when it rear-ended another vehicle.
The impact caused McCarriston's car to strike a high-speed barrier and then roll over several times, ejecting McCarriston and Gromada in the process, according to a press release.
"Based on a preliminary investigation, it appears that neither man was wearing a seat belt," state police Capt. Matthew Moynihan said in a press release.
Gromada was pronounced dead at the scene, while McCarriston was taken to Kent County Hospital, where he was pronounced dead.
Police said it does not appear that either drugs or alcohol were involved in the crash, which remains under investigation by the Rhode Island State Police Accident Reconstruction Unit and the Rhode Island State Police Forensic Unit.
The male driver of the other vehicle involved was taken to Westerly Hospital for treatment of non life-threatening injuries, according to state police. That driver's identity was not released.
Follow Robert Mills on Twitter and Tout @Robert_Mills.


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A study published in the July/August issue of the Annals of Family Medicine concluded that patients who use interactive online personal health records (PHRs) are more likely to stay up to date with their preventative medical tests. This new class of PHR, adds functionality to provide pointers and reminders to suggest screenings and other preventive care. From InformationWeek:
- At 4 months, Interactive PHR users were 15.3% more likely to stay up to date on colorectal screening
- For breast cancer tests, 12.3% higher
- 11.3% higher for cervical cancer screening
The same authors as the study have published a 28-page guide with the AHRQ on PHR use in prevention.
Although PHRs are already in use through some providers including Kaiser Permanente, the VA and others, they usually don't go beyond providing raw lab numbers to patients who log in to view them. But communicating lab results in this more interactive fashion can inspire patients to act, argues a recent HealthPopuli blog.
I agree there's plenty of room to improve the ePatient experience through better presentations of data and user interfaces. Most conventional, patient-facing tools fail miserably at making information easy to understand and actionable for consumers. Even basic information like lab results are hard to work with and understand what to do about them. The i-PHR creates the opportunity to guide patients to take the small but important steps toward better self-care and management.
This is an area that Wellbe.me is working very hard to deliver improvements in the ePatient Experience. We give patients new and better ways to understand their health conditions as they journey through their treatment plans. Get a demo to see how.


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48 hours in Bongao, Tawi-Tawi (Day 2)
continued from Day 1
What's a visit to Bongao without my prerequisite sunrise scenes? Think of the unique places that could not be found elsewhere like Muslim mosques or traditional Samal houses on stilts.As always, I checked out the map to scout for vantage points so I knew that staying at Beachside Inn which faces southeast the Simandagat beach would be convenient.
phototip: Underexpose a sunrise shot to get silhouettes.
Camera: Canon EOS 350D, 0.4s, f/10, 55mm, ISO 100
at Simandagat, Bongao, Tawi-Tawi, the Philippines
Everyday scenes offer a lot too. You may choose to photograph fishermen pulling out into the sea, subsistent fisherfolks gathering sea urchins or even school children walking to school. I even found one interesting "welcome" dome-shaped archway of a barangay.
phototip: Be patient. For the shot above, I waited for most of the clouds to clear as I wanted only just a few wisps. Negative space can be dramatic especially if the sky was this blue.
Canon EOS 350D Digital, 0.001s, f/5.6, 55mm, ISO100, +1/3 EV
Bongao, Tawi-Tawi, the Philippines
Simunul Island
I strongly suggest getting to Simunul island, an island south of Bongao considered to be the birthplace of Islam in the Philippines. Catch a public boat or charter one if you could afford it. Simunul is less than an hour away.
phototip: Watch out for fleeting scenes. Always be ready for unrehearsed moments. This girl was playing with her home-made toy airplane solo, lost in her own world, while our boat slowly tried to dock.
Canon EOS 350D, 0.001s, f/5.6, 255mm, ISO 100
Tubig Indangan, Simunul Island, Tawi-Tawi, the Philippines
Largely laidback and quiet, Simunul is where the Arab missionary Karimul Sheikh Makhdum built the first mosque in the Philippines in 1380. For obvious reasons, this mosque is revered by Philippine Muslims and every Friday is a designated congregation day for imams and religious folks to come and pray. Already a national monument, visitors are welcome to come inside whether you are Muslim or not. People are accommodating and would gladly show you around. This mosque is sparse but it still proudly houses four 3-feet diameter ipil pillars of the original structure.
Camera: Canon EOS 350D, 0.001s, f/6.3, 34mm, ISO 100
mosque of Makhdum, Tubig Indangan, Simunul Island, Tawi-Tawi, the Philippines
Within the vicinity of the mosque is one of two reputed graveyards of the Sheikh Makhdum. It seems its actual site is in dispute as when I visited Sibutu Island in Sitangkai, there's another monument there claiming that the Sheikh was buried in the area. Also check out several centuries-old sunduk gravemarkers that are often featured in magazines and books.
Camera: Canon EOS 350D, 0.008s, f/6.3, 21mm, ISO 100
a centuries-old sunduk across the mosque of Makhdum, Tubig Indangan, Simunul Island, Tawi-Tawi, the Philippines
Tango Island
The visit to Simunul will only take you half a day. The afternoon should be spent in any of the sandy beaches and reef that Tawi-Tawi is blessed. My pick of heaven on earth is the islet of Tango with its exceptionally white sand, with nary a cover except for some greens of mangrove and coconut. Surrounded by generous sandbars and emerald waters, it is paradisical. I only saw this island from the plane but I wish I could come over and immerse in its shores.
Canon EOS 350D, 0.002s, f/6.3, 55mm, ISO 100
Tango Island, Bongao, Tawi-Tawi, Philippines
One should not leave Tawi-Tawi without bringing home a banig or handwoven mat from the screwpine palm leaves (called pandan or romblon). The Philippines claims to produce the handsomest mat in Asia and arguably the most colorful and intricate fine-grained mats are handwoven by the Samal tribe of Tawi-Tawi. Preparation takes one week, with at least 2 cycles of boiling, stick-beating, drawing into strips, sun-bleaching and finally dying. Weaving consumes another two to five weeks. The bordered double-layer mats are the most expensive at about $20 each and is valued to 2-3x as much when brought to the big cities of Cebu or Manila. There is a cooperative of weavers which has a stall near the Notre Dame University in Bongao. Or check out the inventory at the Bongao Department of Tourism which also sells woven pandan salakot hats.
Canon PowerShot S40, 0.001s, f/2.8, 7.1mm
Tango Island, Bongao, Tawi-Tawi, Philippines
Saying goodbye to a place after 2 wonderful days can only be sweet if tempered with a promise to return back someday. I never am sure when but I bet there are more nooks to discover in faraway Bongao.
Canon EOS 350D, 0.002s, f/6.3, 25mm, ISO 100
Bongao, Tawi-Tawi, Philippines
Canon EOS 350D, 1/1000s, f/4, 21mm, ISO 100, -1/3EV
an uninhabited island of Tawi-Tawi, the Sulu Archipelago, Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao, the Philippines


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I mean clothes for Mikasa Ackerman
Yup FINALLY found the correct color and style for Mikasa's Scarf (anime version)
First time wearing cardigan, and I like it!
I know.. I still have to fix/ style my hair but this will do for now~
Soo... i found this blazer for sale and it was cute so i ended up getting it!~
This one made me look like Captain Jack from Doctor Who,
but then again I can always relate it back to Shingeki no Kyojin
I would have bought this coat but it was too expensive =(
(sorry for the blury picture)
Continuing on with Doctor Who stuff....
This was my mock up bowtie for christmas present and as a tribute to Dr. 11 (Matt Smith)
During our shopping we also found THE BOOT for our Shingeki No kyojin (Attack On Titan) cosplay.
So first thing first, we bought our boots at Cathy Jeans they were on 50% sale so it was even better =D so if you guys are still looking for THE BOOT for snk cosplay here's the SNK BOOT LINK
✎ From the ☾ moon that shines bright as a shooting star ☆


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Papamoa's Shania Rawson, 17, will compete for New Zealand at the UCI Mountain Bike World Champs in Italy beginning on September 6.
"I had to train hard and get enough UCI points (Union Cycliste Internationale) to be able to get selected from racing national events," the former Tauranga Girls' College student said.
"Probably the main one for me was Crankworx in Rotorua (March).
"I raced two races - the downhill and won the under-19 category for that, and Air DH where I got second in the elite pro women's race.
"It was better than I had expected."
But like so many Western Bay athletes who are selected to compete for New Zealand other than in Olympic sports, there is no funding available for Rawson to get to Italy.
So she has to do it the hard way by fundraising every dollar to get there.
To achieve her goal she has set up a Give A Little page which she hopes will help her reach her target in under two weeks before she leaves for the world champs.
"I need about $2,000 more. I did get fundraising help from Descend Rotorua club.
"They did a mountain bike race in the forest to raise funds for me and Cole Lucas (Hamilton) so we got three grand each from that which was great."
Rawson is a relative newcomer to downhill mountain biking after a long and distinguished junior career as a BMX rider.
"I raced BMX since I was four and did that for 11 years. I won eight national titles and was ranked sixth in the world," she said.
"I just went out one day mountain biking with a few mates and just loved it. I had done BMX for such a long time and thought that would be a good change.
"Downhill is a lot scarier and there is heaps of skill with it. BMX you are racing alongside people but with downhill it is more of an individual type of sport."
Growing up, the biggest influence on Shania was her brother Kurt Pickard, who represented New Zealand at the 2012 London Olympics in BMX.
"He has been great. I always pretty much looked up to him since I was little which has made me want to aim high and keep that goal.
"He has helped me with my training and it has been great."
The Val di Sole track in Italy where she will compete is called Black Snake. It is regarded as the most technical in the world with plenty of tree roots, banked sections, jumps and other natural obstacles.
Rawson is aiming high ahead of the world champs.
"I am confident that I can be in world number one place - that would be pretty good.
"That is pretty much my goal."
But first she has to raise the money to get to Italy.
To help Shania's fund her trip head to her Givealittle page.


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The Peace and Justice Institute offers a variety of programs to help create an inclusive and caring community built on the pillars of respect and nonviolence. PJI continues to partner with Valencia's Continuing Education program to afford members of the community, faculty, and staff opportunities to further their knowledge and understanding of peace studies and community building.
Every fall, PJI hosts Global Peace Week, a celebration of peace education, music, arts, and crafts. This week offers those in attendance the opportunity to learn about various peace practices, engage in the exploration of self, focus on the culture of collaboration and support a community of inclusive excellence where all voices are heard and valued.
Each spring, PJI hosts our week long Conversation on Justice, a program that allows our community to discuss contentious issues - ranging from violence, immigration and economic inequality to food insecurity, race, and sexual orientation. Through the power of transformative stories, facilitated-discussions, art projects, award-winning films, and more these critical conversations are able to be addressed with the ultimate goal of promoting a culture of peace and understanding.
PJI provides opportunities for the community to empower others and apply the practices of peace and nonviolence through our dedicated partnerships with local organizations that aims to address inequity and work toward conflict resolution. Through these community partnerships the mission of the Peace and Justice Institute remains steadfast and provides the opportunity to extend our practices into our local and global communities.


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Prices, specials, features and availability subject to change.
Located on the prestigious Westside of El Paso, Retreat at Mesa Hills offers second-to-none amenities such as three resort style pools, two state-of-the-art fitness centers, a modern clubhouse with a sports bar, a movie theater, a luxurious spa, and a game room. Now, we are proud to say that we just got even better! On top of these wonderful amenities, we now offer all newly renovated modern apartments and townhomes that include stainless steel appliances, designer cabinets, marble-style countertops, pendant lighting, and wood-style flooring. Not only will you fall in love with your new home and unmatched amenities, you will find yourself walking distance from the best restaurants, shopping and entertainment in El Paso. At Retreat at Mesa Hills, we offer all the apartment living options you need to create a lifestyle of luxury. Call to schedule your personal tour today!
Blowout Rates AND $100 OFF YOUR First Month's rent!! We just dropped rates $80 per month for a limited time only! Hurry now before special ends and rates go back up!
Our lease terms are: 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 13 months, 14 months (Please note that lease terms may vary, are subject to change without notice, and are based on availability. Inquire with property staff for complete details).
Cats Allowed. Pets Accepted. Dogs Allowed. Call for service animal policy.
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Richard Gere asked to leave restaurant after flirting
Richard Gere was ordered out of restaurant by an irate husband after allegedly flirting with his wife. He was told to 'get out of here' by the angry husband, a report saidhollywood Updated: Oct 12, 2012 17:43 IST
Hollywood star Richard Gere was ordered out of restaurant by an irate husband after allegedly flirting with his wife.
Gere's close attention to an attractive blonde at restaurant led to a confrontation with her angry husband.
The 63-year-old actor, who is married to actress Carey Lowell, was told to stay away from the woman after he reportedly left his table to chat to her, reported New York Post online.
"Gere was told to 'Get out of here' after he made a beeline for the woman. He had been staring at the woman while they both dined at the restaurant," a source said.
Gere was at the restaurant celebrating with his agents after picking up a lifetime achievement award at the Hampton's International Film Festival.
Over dinner the unnamed is said to have caught Gere's eye.
"He kept staring at this woman. Her husband seemed agitated by it. He approached the other table. He didn't acknowledge anyone around her. He was leaning in and trying to talk to her, leaning into her ear," the source added.
Gere is said to have ignored the shouted threat, and continued to talk to the woman before making his exit.
The husband is said to have followed Gere outside to make sure that he left the restaurant where other A-list celebrities including actress Meryl Streep, Alec Baldwin and Gwyneth Paltrow's mother Blythe Danner were dining.
A spokesman for Gere claimed the incident had been misinterpreted.
"Reality is, he was at a table with his agents and their wives. On his way out, he stopped to say hi to the people at that table, and joked with the people briefly before leaving,' said his spokesman.
First Published: Oct 11, 2012 08:18 IST


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Home > YJLF > Vol. 14 (2002) > Iss. 2
Article Title
In the spring of 1971, I attended the first Women and the Law conference, held in New Haven and organized by Yale Law School students. At that time only two women in the history of the United States had ever sat on an Article III federal appellate bench: Florence Allen, appointed by President Roosevelt to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit in 1934; and Shirley Hufstedler, appointed by President Johnson to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in 1968.
Recommended Citation
Ginsburg, Ruth Bader
Yale Journal of Law & Feminism: Vol. 14
, Article 3.
Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjlf/vol14/iss2/3


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On what we hope will be a sunny Sunday on May 22nd, more than 30 of our staff members, clients, providers and friends from the 12th Avenue Recovery Center will join hundreds in the community for the NAMI Northwest Walk. The National Alliance on Mental Illness is a strong advocate for people with mental illness in the community, working to reduce stigma and isolation, and providing support to family members as well as professionals in the field.
The 2011 event marks the third year of an official Central City Concern team and every year we draw more and more participants. Each walker joining our team will receive a CCC 12th Ave Recovery Center t-shirt. We will provide transportation to and from the walk from the Recovery Center location. Click here to register for the walk today!
There are a number of compelling stories from people in our community about why they participate in this walk - check it out here. Join us!
Why We Walk for NAMI!
Monday, May 09, 2011


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Drivers struggle with Drivers' Hours and WTD rules
Drivers have called on VOSA to clarify how the drivers' hours regs, which came into force last week, and the Working Time Directive (WTD) operate side-by-side.
Since the introduction of the EU drivers' hours legislation last week drivers have been grappling with when to take their breaks to satisfy both sets of regulations.
The drivers' hours rules state that your first break must be at least 15 minutes and the second break taken before or at the end of the four and half hour driving period must be at least 30 minutes. The WTD states drivers must have a 30-minute break before or at the end of a six-hour working period.
One driver who contacted CM says: "Following a large amount of confusion amongst the drivers regarding the new Driver's hours rules conflicting with the WTD I decided to phone VOSA for clarification. Now the new Drivers rules state clearly that your first period of break must be at least 15 minutes which is fine, the second break which must be taken before or at the end of the four and a half hour driving period must be at least 30 minutes. And there's your first problem with the two words 'at least'. Some drivers are presuming that if you take your 30-minute break first then you'll only have to take 15 minutes on the second break to make up your 45-minute total break, according to VOSA you will be breaking the drivers' rules according to what is stated, in other words you take 30 minutes on your first break you must take at least 30 minutes on your second break.
"Now we get paid as part of our daily work the 45 minute break period, so if we took the 30 minutes first and 30 minutes second break we would be losing 15 minutes per day per week per year. 'What's the problem?' I hear you cry just take your 15 minutes first, well here's the second problem.
"The Working Time Directive states that you must have a 30-minute break before or at the end of a six-hour working period from the time you start, and that's any work."
The driver says this is where it becomes a minefield for drivers and "to be fair to the man I spoke to at VOSA even he said that it does seem to conflict with each other".
"I asked if maybe it was an error to put 'at least' for the second break? to which he replied "possibly", but he did say that if you didn't take at least 30 minutes on your second break you will be breaking the new drivers rules. Now if you can split the break for the WTD, let's say you drive for two hours to a RDC you have 15 minutes break on site while waiting to be unloaded, are still at the RDC 3 hours and 45 minutes later, can you then take the 30 minute second break to be on the right side of both laws?, or does the break for WTD have to be a block of 30 minutes?"
He adds that his overall point to this is that once again someone somewhere has changed the rules no doubt thinking they were making them easier to understand, most drivers new the basic rules of 45 minute break before or at the end of a four and a half hour driving period either taking a 20-25 minute split or 15-30 split or visa versa on both of these, even if they were a little unsure of the rest they understood this. "Now this basic rule has been blown apart and drivers are going to have to be very careful not only to keep on the right side of the law, but also juggling this with getting the most out of their working day."
Gordon MacDonald, traffic enforcement policy advisor at VOSA, says: "The question only involves two hours worth of driving, so the first 15 minute break fulfils the driver's obligation for part of a 45 minute break after four and a half hours driving. There is no requirement to take another break in relation to EC driving, at least not until the driver does another two and a half hours driving, at which point he'd half to take 30 minutes break.
"As far as WTD breaks are concerned, these can be broken down into periods of no less than 15 minutes. Therefore, having taken one break of 15 minutes after two hours, he then needs to take another 15 minute break after the lengthy spell at the RDC. The driver obviously can't use this additional 15 minutes towards his EU break, because the second break must be at least 30 minutes."


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Friday, May 4, 2012
Mother's Day Emboss Resist card
6 comments:
- Ephemera said...
Hi Cathy, what a beautiful card, reminds me of wedgwood china, gorgeous stamping, you have created a fabulous card using this technique, thanks for joining us ervistd orrogyat FSC. XX
- May 5, 2012 at 1:58 AM
- AlteredPages Artsociates said...
So lovely, any Mom would be thrilled to receive it!
- May 5, 2012 at 11:41 AM
- AlteredPages Artsociates said...
Any mother would love to receive this one! beautiful!
- May 5, 2012 at 11:52 AM
- Silvia(Barnie) said...
A fabulous card with a lovely image. Thanks for joining us on FSC.
By the way, the word verification is very time consuming, it would be wonderful if you switch it off
- May 5, 2012 at 1:47 PM
- Ellie said...
A fantastic creation with great details!
Thanks for joining us at the Fashionable Stamping challenges !!
xxx Ellie xxx
I agree with Silvia about the word verification...
There is a much easier way to prevent spam... if you'd like to know how, please e-mail me...
- May 7, 2012 at 12:05 PM
- Silvia(Barnie) said...
Hello Cathy, I just found this instructions on another blog:
In the old blogger Interface:
Log into the Dashboard area of our blogger account
Select Settings and then Comments from the sub-menu
A new page will open, go down to the Show Word Verifications for Comments
Select no and then save settings.
In the new Blogger Interface:
Long in to your Dashboard and click on the round wheel on the top right hand corner.
Select Old Blogger Interface and follow the steps above.
Hope it will help.
- May 7, 2012 at 2:52 PM


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Professor Brawn Café may seem like an ordinary restaurant, but they support a good cause. Started by Roland Tay, the restaurant employs people with special needs, primarily autism.
The character Professor Brawn was created by Mr Tay's son, who has autism. "Like many parents of autistic kids, I wondered what my kid would do when he grew up," he said, explaining how the idea for the restaurant was born.
"My son's drawing of Professor Brawn reminds me of my mission and what I'm doing. My dream is to provide opportunities for jobs, showcase special talents and raise awareness and contributions from supporters, who want to make a difference to the special needs community," says Mr Tay.Come and join us for this meaningful 3-course dinner.
If you are unable to purchase tickets due to tickets sold out, kindly register your interest on "Waitlist". You don't have to pay anything! You will be informed of any increase in capacity or any drop-outs as soon as possible! For any inquiries, kindly email us at firstname.lastname@example.com or contact us at 81252321.
All details will be sent to all participants, who have paid, via email 2 days before the event.
Kindly note that the timing for this event has changed from 7.00pm - 10.00pm due to the closing time of the restaurant. They do not wish their staff to work too late, especially due to their special needs. I seek your kind understanding.
Event's closing date is 3 days prior to date of event. All registration and payment must be made by then.
1. After payment is made and you discovered that you cannot attend the event, you are to inform the organizer at least 3 days or more prior to event date. A full refund, after a deduction of $10 administration fee, will be given to you.
2. When payment is made and the event is cancelled by us, full refund will be given back.
3. There is a cooling-off period of 3 days from the date of payment. A full refund, after a deduction of $10 administration fee, will be given to you.
4. No Refund will be given:
o No-show for events.
o No refund will be given for any cancellation of registration in less than 3 days to the event date.
- The event description was updated. Diff#23965 2013-12-28 15:33:03
- Venue
- 10 Circular Rd Singapore 049366
- Tickets
Male SOLD OUT $48.00 Female SOLD OUT $48.00 Waitlist FULL
- Venue Address
- 10 Circular Rd Singapore 049366 Singapore
- Organizer
CompleteMe4,433 Followers


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vol. 53.
'\'Wts,ebb. AcoordiIlg' to the almitnM it"ivas lii.ghwatel' 7P.'M. 'Tlie;ebb current there continues; tOI'UD three: hours of high water at Go-vel'ftor's islaridNtIbe'Dtt'lMg Holberg, 36 Rep. 917, note, div. 3;) ,on this ocabout 4: o'clock-an hour and a 'half after the oollliriron.' 'TM Wind,:m.oreo"Ver, is shown to have' been 'fresh, yiz.: frOm.121lo,jt4l1mbts; and though there were some lulls,these did not go Mlo1v'/'tJ trlCrts;So that if a proper lookout had been 'kept, there WRs iabU!IlOl1t' opPortunity, for the steamer's disabllity'w'have been recognized:; and ample wind and space for the SChooner to have kept out of 'her DeCrOOs!.may be enterM accordingly on each libel for, one half the .,
the that
.a,.)· .
. Th ll Sandy HOok from thellastward, drawing towards the ang Island coast dn a course of W. N. W She was capable ot 9t to 10 knots an hour, but was running about 4 knots. She heard the Umbria's w;histle ,abollt two, points on her port bow, and was immediately put two. ,poin,tsto st.arboard.blowing a short whistle. She was kept on this course, though the whistle was heard three or four tim.es with increasing distinctneslPGn· her port bow, until the Umbria was seen. 900 feet away. and about ,ftvc'pdints on her port hand. Her engines werllthen put full speed ahead t() Ilr()ss Ule UmbJ;h,/s course, but she. was unable, to escape, and was hit at an angle of siX or. seven points, her stern being cut completely off. Held that, in view of the Umbria's' apparently rapid approach on a crossing course, it,1Was the Iberia's1mperative duty to stop until she could obtain a clear unllerstanding of the Umbria'S course. and she. too, was at fault in failing ,to.doso. and the case was one for divided damages. Shipman, J .. . dissenthtg.· 40 Fed. Rep. 898, reversed. 8.SAME-DAlIIAGES-ToTAL LOSS-SUBSEQUENT FREIGHT. In case of destruction of a vessel by collision the recovery is limited to her . value. with interest from the time of the loss, and freight which would have <mthe particular voyage, and there can be no recovery of net been freight wlii'ch would have been earned on a subseqqent voyage from the port of immediate destination. and for which the vessel was already engaged. 46 .)3'ed. Rep. 801, reversed. 4. SAME-BOUNTIES. In case of destruction by collision. the fact that the vessel would have been able to earn a bounty under the law of her nationality is an elem.ent of value proper to be considered, but 1)0 allowance can be made for loss of bounty.
v. STEAMSHIP CO., Limited. a.reult Court of. Appeals, Second Circuit. Octobllr4- 1892.) No. 45. 1. UOLLtsroN.....BETWEEN STEAlIISHlPS.,-FOG. 'The illte.JXH!hip Umllrl. , cllpable of 19t knots per hoqr.bound from New YO,rk tQ,:l,.iwrpQol. havlIlg passed Sandy Hook and discharged her pilot, was ona c6ui'SeE. by S. t So, about six miles oft Rockaway beach, Long Island. runhing'fullspeild ina dense fog, sounding her whistle every minute or two. A faibt'w4istlll was heard, which seemed to be two or three points on her starboard bow." She was then slow,ed a few 1D,0ments to IlIbout 13 or 14 knots, wheJ;l thll wblstle was againpeard, more. distinctly, and in about the same direction. The master thereupon orderedfu1l' 'speed ahead. In about two minu·tes the steamer Iberia loomed into sight about two lengths ahead. The were immediately reversed, and her helm ported. but she struck. cuttipg her in two. Held, that the "\,hnbria was guilty of rec\dell's naVigation in dlsreg-arding the rnle requiring steamers to slow in a fog;andinll.ssuming that she was clear of the Iberia's course. 40 Fed. Rep. 893. .. ':'.' .
I'ABa. fl. CUNARD
Appeal· from the Distriet Court of the United States tor the Eaa.. ern District of New York. In Admiralty. Libel by Cyprien Fabre, manager of the Compag. nie Francaise de Navigation a Vapeur against the Cunard Steamship Company, Limited, to recover damages for the total destruction· of the steamship Iberia in a collision with the steamship Umbria. The district court held that the Umbria alone was in fault. 40 Fed. Rep. 893. Subsequently, on exceptions to the report of the com· missioner to whom the cause was referred to ascertain the damages, the court held that libelant was entitled to re(jov:er the net freight which the Iberia would have earned on a su})sequent voyage for which she was already engaged, and which was to begin at New York, whither she was bound at the time of collision. 46 Fed. Rep. 801. Respondent appeals. Reversed. Frank D. Sturges and Frederic R. Coudert, for appellant. Robert D. Benedict, for appellee. Before WALLACE, LACOMBE, and SHIPMAN, Circuit Judges. WALLAOE, Circuit Judge. This is an appeal from a decree con· dElmning the Umbria for the damages sustained by the Iberia in consequence of a collision which took place between the two steam· ships on the high sea, about six miles off Rockaway beach, Long Island, on the afternoon of November 10, 1888. There was a dense fog at the time, and had been during the forenoon, but lifting at in· tervals, a strong breeze blowing from about S. S. W., and a heavy swell rolling in from the same direction. The collision took place at 1 :13 P. M. The Umbria was a steamship of the Cunard Line, 525 feat long, capable of a speed of 191-2 knots an hour, and was bound on a voyage from New York to Liverpool, carrying passengers and freight. The Iberia was a steamship, 240 feet long, capable of a speed of 91-2 to 10 knots an hour, and bound for New York, with freight. The Umbria, after passing Sandy Hook, and discharging her pilot, W1t:J put and kept upon a course E. by S., 3·4 S. She had been going at full speed more or les!,! of the time, sounding her whistle at interTnls of a minute or two apart. She was going at full speed from 1 o'clock P. M. until 10 minutes· past 1. At 10 minutes past 1 her speed was slowed by the order of her master, awaiting the repetition of a whistle which had been faintly heard off her starboard bow, and had been reported to but not heard by him, and which afterwards proved to be the whistle of the Iberia. The whistle was heard again, this time by the master, who, assuming that it came from a steamship approaching on a course approximately parallel with that of the Umbria, and bearing three to four points from the Umbria'S starboard bow, put the Umbria ahead at full speed by an order which was given at 11 minutes after 1 o'clock. While running under this order, another whistle was heard, and almost si· multaneously the Iberia loomed into sight about twice the Umbria's length away, and soon was seen to be crossing the Umbria's stem. rrhe Umbria's engines were immediately reversed, and her helm ported, but it was too late,and the collision ensued. v.53F.no.2-19
heard what he conjectured might be a WhiSl1e'onthe starooal'd;bow, but he was so uncertain whether it' Wltl!lll, !hiStM,that he thought best not to 'report it; that within It minuoo'or two he hea.rd,iwhait'he was sure was a faint whistle, bearing';', as iliethought; about 1Jkree points from the Umbria's starbolt1"d bO!w)'l1nd thenrep JPtedl'i'tlto the main bridge; that he then heard' it agam,. 'inapparent1y,tMl1fame direction, and again reported it. The chief' 'officer teStifies that, henad gone to the main bridge to see the ttu)jstet'j ith'a1J,: just in the act of speaking to him, the"second'bfficer, whO 1ta;s alsoon the main bridge, said a whistle that he bimse1fheard l something 'like a whistle, but was not sure whether it was one;' that the'Dla.s1Jer then gave the
is as follows:, The third officer, who was on the
to the whistles given by the
bow" apd a considerltbl{l off, but not very plain; that the nUtsWr theh"etUd,'''We) are'well,'clear," and, ordered the engines ahead. The second officer testifies that he heard a very faint whistle, as,' near ' a$" he 'oo'Uld judge,''abOut ·two points or more on the starboard tha.t after,:the order: 'to slow was given, he heard it again, still I faint; ,but,more distitmt than the preceding one, and niore nea.rly ahead,and.that <the master then said in substance: "She is well clear of olii-track. 'Letthe Umbria go full speed past her." ',','j,' : The Iberiawas approoohingSahdy Hook from the eastward, on the !IJong Island shore of W. :N. W. She a course had been' going in the fOgl ata speed of about four knots an hour, and making occasional' soMdi:B:gs. On two, occasions within the half hour preceding the colli8i()tl she had heard the whistle of an approachingsteaIher'a on her port bow, had altered her course two points· to the starboara,' '!tept on until the whistles indicated that waspasMd, and. then returned to her former course. About a q'l1at'ter of an hour after passing the last of these steamers, ,she heard a whistle,whiehproved to be that of the Umbria, bearing about two points on her port bow: Immediately, as on the previous occasions, her head was. put two points more to starboard, a short whistle was blown, her,'he1Ill was steadied at a course N. W., and held so until the Umbria 6alne into view, about 900 feet away, and bearing about five points on. b,er port hand. She then put her engines full speed ahead in, the attempt to eScape the Umbria by crossing in front of he!!. and nearly passed her, but the Umbria struck her stem on. at ana.ngle of about siX or seven points, and cut' her stern completely ofr; 'After she heard the first whistle of the Umbria. and had altered her'courseto N. W., and while she con· tinued on this course, beforeseeitig the Umbria, she heard four or five whistles from the Umbria, at intervals of a minllteor two between each, all or five pomtsonthe Iberia's port hand, or, as her master says; "gaining imperceptibly on her stern, and' each clearer and stronger than the preceding one." , Prudent seamanshipreqllirel a steam vessel navigating in a fog,
hearing apparently forward()f her beam the fog signal of another vessel, the position of which iifnotascelltained, if the circumstances a'fld then navigate with cauof the case admit, to stop tion, until danger of collision over.' 'l'his r.u1e of conduct was approved by the international' marine conference of 1888, as appears by article 18 of the proposed regulations. That article merely formulates the duty which nautical experience had found it necessary, to observe, and which the courts had often declared obligatory. One of the more recent adjudications in which it was reiterated is Macham v. City of New York, 35 Fed. Rep. 609, in which the court, 'applying it to the case in hand", used the folloWing language:
"Under such circumstances, the steamship' had no right to act upon conjecture. Her duty was to reduce her speed to the lowest rate compatible with her efficient control, and proceed cirCumspectly, until' she could locate the other vessel,and ascertain her course, or until further signals that the other vessel was beyond the range of risk. "
Had this duty been observed by either the Umbria or the Iberia, the present controversy would not have arisen; the collision would not have taken place. It was disregarded by both of the vessels. The master of each substituted his own judgment in place of it. The result affords a striking illustration of the propriety and necessity of obeying it. The Iberia is less censurable for porting her helm upon hearing the Umbria's first whistle, than for persisting in her course to starboard snbsequently. If it' were ever permissible for a vessel to act upon conjecture, the Iberia ought not to be blamed for doing so under the particular circumstances of the situation. When so near the coast of Long Island, her master naturally assumed that the course of an approaching vessel would not bear towards the coast, and would be eastward, or eastward and southward. Hearing a whistle two points on the port bow of his own vessel, and apparently a long distance away, it is not strange that he' assumed that by porting he could cross the' path of another steam vessel before she would reach the point of intersection in her course and that of his own vessel; and he certainly had a right to assume that the other steam vessel would only be going at a moderate speed. If the Iberia had not been going slowly, or if, with the change of course, he had put her at a greater speed, the risk in porting would have been lessened, if not reduced to a minimum. But, after porting, the Iberia was in· formed by the whistles from the Umbria that the latter was rapidly approaching on a course crossing her own, and that the relative bearings of the two vessels were not changing. During an interval of probably eight minutes, the whistles of the Umbria apparently continued to bear steadily at about the same place on the Iberia's port hand. This should have made it clear to the master of' the Iberia that the vessels were approaching so as to involve the risk of collision. Under such circumstances, it was his imperative duty to stop his vessel until he could come to a clear understanding of the course of the Umbria. The event proved that she would have escaped, if her ,engines had been put at fun speed, but it could not be foretold that she could do so, and the only proper course was to· ob·
which,requu'es steam vessels .when approaching one another, so as to inv.olve risk of cQllision, to slacken speed, or, if necessary, stop and reVlel'l!le. It is the imperative rule, when two steamers' are approaching each. other in a fog, and the signals of indicate that they are drawing together upon opposite or courses, for: each to 81i<)p until a clear understanding is reached with regard tQ their respective positions and courses, and, if there be any confusion of signals, or any other apparent risk of collisioll,not only to stop, but to re:verse their engines. The law was recently stated i:n these terms in The North Star, 43 Fed. Rep. 807, by Judge Brown, now of the supreme court, and has been freqUently so stated previously in. our C{Hlrts. To the effect are the decisions of the English courts in The Beli'yl, 9 Prob. Div. 137; The Ceto, L. R 14 App. Cas. 670 ; The Frankland and The Kestrel, L. R. 4 P. C. 529; The John McIntyre, 9 Prob. Div. 135; The Ebor, . 11 Prob. Div. 25; The Resolution, 6 Asp. 363. The facts speak ao clearly in condemnation of the Umbria that it is. a .matter of .surprise that learned and. experienced counsel should insist.· that 'she was properly navigated. Her navigation was not onlyculpa;b}e, it It ,WalHJulpable, because, after slowing her. speed momentarily to listen for the whistle ,which had been reported, but which he had not heard, her master acted on mere conjecture,8l'lld put the"Uinbria ahead without sufficient information of the 'course and position of thelberia.. It was reckless, because she was pntahead at fuR.speed; and kept at full speed until the collision wasdnevitable. This. was a 'flagrantviolationof the law, which requires every' .steam vessel, when in· a .fog, to go at moderate speed. We do not stop to her earlier conduct in running fast in a fog, which at times was so thick that vessels were not visible more than 400 feet away,. ;along a coast crowded. with> vessels, bound to a.nd from the port of,Naw York. It suffices to condemn the Umbria 1 o'clock she had been running in a .thick fog at full speed; that, When' 81 vessel was .heard somewhere Off hel' starboard bow, although. :h61l' speed !wasthen reduced; so that for sometime-less . than a minate----she may have been going at notD1ore than from 13 to 14 knots an hour, slie was put agaih and kept at. full speed without any information of theeourse, and with but little of the location, of the other steamer. Her master had not heard the faint whistle which some of the others.heard, or thought they heard. The more distinct one, which he did hear, and which he thought seemed to bear four points off the. ,Umbria's bow, was a faint one, and seemed from one to to the other officers of the Umbria to bear three' points, and to one of them to be drawing ahead of her course. Her master knew, or was bound to know, that at full speed the Umbria could not be stopped within the distance at which, in the then state of the fog, she could discover another vessel so as to avoid collision. More inexcusable misconduct than characterized the navigation of the Umbria can hardly be imagined. As the case is one where both vessels were in fault, but for which the collision would not have happened, the loss must be divided between them. .
The case also involves a question of damages. The Iberia. was under charter, awaiting her arrival at New York, for a voyage from New York to Cadiz; and cargo had been actually engaged for the voyage, upon which she would have earned freight, less expenses, of $3,632.32. It has been generally supposed that the owner of aveseel, in case of total loss, is entitled to a recovery of the net freight upon the particular voyage, together with the value of his vessel and interest from the time of the loss; and that interest from the date of destruction is given in lieu of the profit which might have been derived from the subsequent use of his vessel. The Amiable Nancy, 3 Wheat. 546; The Columbus, 3 W. Rob. 164; The George Bell, 3 Fed. Rep. 581; The North Star, 44 Fed. Rep. 492. None of the authorities cited in the opinion of the learned district judge hold othei'Wise, except the case of The Freddie L. Porter, 8 Fed. Rep. 110. The question is not free from doubt, but the weight of authority seems to be in favor of limiting the recovery to the value and the interest from the time of loss, unless there is a loss of freight which would otherwise have been earned upon the particular voyage in which the vessel is lost. In estimating the value of the Iberia, the circumstance that she would have been able to earn a bounty allowed by the French law was an element of value, and was properly taken into consideration. No allowance was made for loss of bounty. There is no merit in the exceptions to this ruling, nor in the other exceptions which relate to the allowances of certain items of loss. . The decree of the district court is reversed, and the reo manded, with instructions. to enter a decre in conformity to .this opinion, allowing the appellant the costs of this court, and dividing. the costs of the district court. SHIPMAN, Circuit Judge, dissents from the conclusions of the foregoing opinion in regard to the Iberia's contributory
THE LISBONENSE. LA CHAMPAGNE. SINGLEHURST et at. v. LA cmU'AGNIE GENERALE LANTIQUE. (Circuit Court of Appeals, Second Circuit. December 13, 1892.) L
CoLLISION-STEAMERS-CROSSING COURSES-INTERNATIONAL RULES.
The steamer La C., outward bound at night by way of the main ship and Gedney's channels, after passing Sandy Hook, sighted, about two miles off, the lights of the steamer L., ,about two points on the starboard bow, bound up the Iilor.th cl>annel and the swash, the axis of which crolUle8 the main ship channel at an angle on the southwest side of 10 3-4 points. The speed of La C. was about 12 knots, going with the ebb tide. The L. was going at full speed. 7 1-2 knots. When the L. was seen the engines of La C. were ordered to slow, which order for some reason was not obeyed; and her wheel was ported a little. so as to ::arr.v her along the south side of the channel, but her great draught vrevented any permanent change of eourse in that direction. About the same time the L. gave a


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MANILA-- President Rodrigo Duterte has expressed his desire to recruit additional soldiers to reinforce the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) amid reports of terror groups' other planned attacks in Mindanao, senators said Wednesday.
Senate Minority Leader Franklin Drilon and Senator Juan Edgardo Angara made this confirmation a day after President Duterte summoned senators and congressmen for a meeting on Tuesday (August 1).
The President said he would like to upgrade Armed Forces in terms of capabilities and personnel and I think those reforms are necessary, Angara told reporters in an interview.
In a separate interview, Drilon said that it was Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana who requested for additional manpower of about 20,000 soldiers.
Both senators said that these requests were made following intelligence reports on new threats posed by the Islamic State (ISIS) group in the South.
(The President) briefed us on the intelligence information on new threats posed by the ISIS in the South and he is looking into at a closer regional cooperation with neighboring countries particularly Indonesia, Drilon said.
Angara said that the Senate has expressed willingness to help through filing appropriate measures to support initiatives to upgrade the Armed Forces.
Senators Richard Gordon and Panfilo Lacson also agreed with the President's plan.
"The Marawi threat was just a culmination of it and it can go to other places like Surigao, Agusan, Sulu, Zamboanga so we really would require a beefing up of our Armed Forces," Gordon said.
Lacson said President Duterte's declaration of martial law in Mindanao and request to extend it were also right decisions made in hindsight.
"On hindsight, tama yung ginawa ng Presidente on how he addressed the Marawi crisis dahil kung hindi ganun yung pagka-address baka nag-spillover (the President did the right thing on how he addressed the Marawi crisis because if he didn't address it that way, it might have spilled over), Lacson said.
In spite of so many objections, mas mainam na rin yun ang ginawa niya (In spite of many objections, it's better that he did that), Lacson said.
Source: Philippine News Agency


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Late last week, the German-based Software AG bought webMethods, which sells business process integration software.
If you're not that familiar with Software AG's SOA offerings - or you missed the minor news items on this acquisition - you're not alone, at least not in the U.S or Asia. Software AG's clients - 56 percent, according to Gartner - are largely based in Europe, where it is the largest provider of SOA and systems software.
Before positioning itself as an SOA solution provider, Software AG was better known for its XML solutions; the Adabas (adaptable database system) database management system; and Natural, a fourth-generation application development language.
But with this deal, Software AG bought better access to both North America and the Asia/Pacific regions, according to this news analysis by Gartner. Sixty-two percent of webMethod's clients are "loyal, 'blue chip' accounts" from these regions, the report states.
It also will give the company an SOA management and governance system, according to Network Computing.
Gartner's take offers a few caveats for existing clients of both companies, but basically, the IT research firm thinks this is a rosy deal for both sides. The report predicts webMethod clients will benefit from Software AG's stability and vision, while Software AG clients will gain access to leading SOA technologies.
Regardless of whether you're a client or not, this merger serves as fair warning: Software AG is serious about positioning itself as an SOA player.
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Brendon Purdy-Smith is an engaging and very social young man who was diagnosed with an intellectual disability at a young age. He has always delighted in music, theatre, painting, drawing and especially clowning. He is well known and appreciated for his distinctive laugh during a music or theater performance.
While still in high school, Brendon began transitioning to CAPRE in Canning, and on graduating in 2010, went directly into a supported self-employment program. This business allows Brendon to continue to explore his natural creativity while expanding his range of work and life skills.
Mr. B's Makery
(902) 681-5005
Site 1 – 8736 Commercial Street New Minas, NS B4N 3C5


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Build more jails, fill more graves
Who would've thought that a ditty about capital punishment would be so fun?
Voodoo Polaroids is the other gritty, heavily rocking Lifeblood b-side alongside Quarantine. Terms like 'gritty' and 'heavy' shouldn't be applied to its mood though – just the general sound as opposed to Lifeblood's calmer, clearer and more melodic sound – because it's actually a pretty jubilant song. Very rolling, very fun. I wasn't overly charmed with it at first until I found myself singing it aloud constantly and just having great fun crafting lyrics of my own wherever I couldn't remember how the real ones went (which was pretty much most of the song). That pretty much alerted me to that there's something worth savouring in the song and, well, it's a damn great ditty.
The whole capital punishment stance on this song is the complete opposite to Archives of Pain's pro-stance. Voodoo Polaroids takes a more of an anti-position to the whole thing, bit by bit going through execution methods and occasionally quipping something about them ("vengeance is good" and so forth. Or "vengeance is God", I can't tell which). Mostly just listing, letting the rather simple chorus spell the main point. Dripping with sarcasm, this one. I've no idea what the titular voodoo polaroids are and the otherwise pretty handy Manics.nl is stifled about that particular info snippet as well. My guess it's some obscure literary reference that Nicky nicked when he thought it sounded cool. It does sound cool.


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Marlins get behind early, fall 10-3 to Nationals
MIAMI (AP) — Jordan Zimmermann succeeded after Washington Nationals teammates Stephen Strasburg and Gio Gonzalez faltered.
It surely helped that Zimmermann was pitching against the woeful Miami Marlins.
Article continues below ...
The right-hander threw a six-hitter for his third victory in three starts this season, and Washington bounced back from a humbling series to beat Miami 10-3 Monday night.
Washington was outscored 18-5 while being swept in a three-game weekend set at home against Atlanta, with Strasburg and Gonzalez each taking a loss. The Nationals took out any lingering frustration on the Marlins (2-11), who came into the game tied for the worst record in the majors.
"It's nice to have success, especially after that series we just came from," said Ian Desmond, who had four of the Nationals' 16 hits. "Jordan did a great job. It seems like we all hit better when Jordan pitches."
Washington has scored 21 runs in Zimmerman's starts, and he's 3-0 for the first time. The nine-inning complete game was his first.
"It means a lot," Zimmerman said. "It means I'm doing my job staying in the game and putting up zeros. It's the kind of pitcher I want to be. I want to be a workhorse and someone who can eat up innings."
The right-hander struck out six, walked one and threw 102 pitches. His only complete game in 83 previous career starts was an eight-inning effort in a 1-0 loss in 2011.
"Jordan was outstanding," manager Davey Johnson said. "He has been outstanding all year."
Zimmermann retired the first 10 batters, and the score was 8-0 before Miami had a baserunner. Ryan Zimmerman hit his first home run and had four RBIs, while Tyler Moore drove in three runs.
The carousel of baserunners for Washington was constant, even though Miami center fielder Chris Coghlan threw out two of them. The Nationals' run and hit totals were season highs, and they had six extra-base hits, including doubles on three consecutive pitches.
Ballpark personnel tightened security in the wake of the explosions Monday at the Boston Marathon. A moment of silence was observed before the national anthem.
Announced attendance was 15,933, and there were more than a few boos when the score reached 6-0. Coghlan triggered a big roar when he singled in the fourth to become Miami's first baserunner.
The Marlins went without a homer for the ninth consecutive game, tying the franchise record set by the 1993 expansion team. But manager Mike Redmond said he saw signs of improvement.
"I felt we had much better swings than we've had in the last few days," he said. "Hopefully that's something we can grow on."
The Nationals scored four runs in the first inning, when their first six batters reached against Wade LeBlanc (0-3). One of them — Bryce Harper — was thrown trying to go from first to third on a single.
Zimmerman singled home the first two runs, and Moore also had a two-run single. That was all Zimmerman needed.
"It's a lot easier to pitch when you get runs early in the game," he said.
The Nationals kept swinging, and in the third they hit three consecutive doubles with two outs. The first two, by Desmond and Moore, sailed over the center fielder's head. Steve Lombardozzi then pulled an RBI double into the corner for a 6-0 lead.
John Maine relieved LeBlanc in the fourth, and Zimmerman hit the first pitch into the nightclub beyond left field to make it 8-0.
Miami's starting pitching had been solid despite the team's awful record, but LeBlanc allowed seven runs in 3 2-3 innings.
"That's not a good team to make mistakes against," LeBlanc said.
Zimmermann beat LeBlanc for the second time this month, and the Nationals improved to 4-0 against Miami.
The Marlins have scored only 23 runs all season and played short-handed. Slugger Giancarlo Stanton sat out for fourth consecutive game because of a bruised left shoulder, and reserve outfielder Austin Kearns was unavailable after undergoing tests for an irregular heartbeat.
NOTES: Washington 2B Danny Espinosa, nursing a bruised right hand, sat out and said he hopes to rejoin the lineup Wednesday or Friday. … Zimmerman has 19 homers against the Marlins. … A bright spot for the Marlins: They came into the game batting .174 with runners in scoring position but went 4 for 7 in those situations. … Washington RHP Dan Haren (1-1) is scheduled to start against RHP Alex Sanabia (1-1) on Tuesday.


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Welcome to Benchen Monastery Community
The Benchen Monastery Community is under the spiritual guidance of both His Eminence Sangye Nyenpa Rinpoche and the late Kyabje Tenga Rinpoche.
It provides information about the Dharma centers in the East and West which are connected to the Rinpoches. And it provides information about various social welfare projects especially targeted at poor and needy people living in the East.
Graduation ceremony at Benchen Shedra
Tempa Lama, November 2, 2018
At the end of October there were celebrations regarding the graduation of the first batch of students from the Benchen shedra in Pharping. Please enjoy pictures of the first day of celebrations, taken on the 31st October. Click to enlarge pictures
Here are the pictures of the second day of the celebration of the first graduation at the Benchen Shedra.
Teaching notice 2019
Tempa Lama, October 20, 2018
Please click to enlarge the picture. This is the official note concerning the teaching schedule of the "System of Buddhist Tantra" from Jamgon Kontrul's "Tresury of Knowledge". The teachings by HE Sangye Nyenpa Rinpoche start on October 11, 2019
Dharma notice: Rinchen Terzod Empowerment and graduation ceremony
Tempa Lama, September 2, 2018
HE Sangye Nyenpa Rinpoche will perform the Empowerment, the oral transmission and exoteric instructions of the Rinchen Terzod (Precious Treasury of Terma) at Benchen Phuntsok Dargyeling monastery, Kathmandu. The Empowerment starts on 18 Septermber 2020 and takes about 4 months.
Please have a look at the documents below
On 31 October 2018 a formal graduation ceremony taking place at Benchen Shedra in Pharping
New dates for the Ritual Instrument Workshops, Allmuthen
According to the wishes of our venerable teacher Tenga Rinpoche, Lama Ngawang Tsultrim teaches the traditional pujas (tantric ceremonies) and the associated rituals in these workshops. Kyabje Tenga Rinpoche himself was a Vajra master, which means that he was fully master of all tantric rituals and authorized to pass them on.
Just as the rituals once came from India to Tibet and were learned by the Tibetans, today it is necessary to continue the transfer of the linage to the West.
The goal is for the Western Sangha members to be able to perform the traditional pujas independently. It is planned to learn one puja completely every year. Last year the Mahakala puja and this year the Bardo puja have already been successfully mastered to the joy of our teachers.
For the upcoming year, Lama Ngawang Tsultrim has chosen the Milarepa-Tsok-Puja for us to learn.
The next exercise weekends will take place on the following dates (start always Friday at 19:00 CET and end Sunday 12:00 CET):
30. Nov. - 02. Dec. 2018 (cancelled, too few registrations)
18. - 20. Jan. 2019
20. - 23. Jun. 2019
Everyone is welcome to participate. No prerequisites are required. Texts and instruments are provided by the Centre. For planning purposes, please register in advance.
Please observe the general information on courses and retreats. Here you will also find an overview of all courses in Benchen Phuntsok Ling.
Save the date: Summer Course 2019, Allmuthen
These are the dates for the Summer Seminar 2019 in Benchen Phuntsok Ling in Allmuthen, Belgium.
Like every year the week before the actual teaching period a three-days Drölkar (White Tara) retreat will happen and after the teaching period a three-days Gönkar (White Mahakala) retreat will take place.
|White Tara Retreat
|Wed. 24.07.
|Fri. 26.07.2019
|Sat. 27.07.
|Wed. 07.08.2019
|White Mahakala Retreat
|Thu. 08.08.
|Sat. 10.08.2019
A detailed program along with the registration information will follow.
Lojong Teachings during Kagyu Monlam at Benchen Monastery
from Benchen Library, March 31, 2018
A teaching on the Seven Points of Mind Training by His Drubwang Sangye Nyenpa Rinpoche during 19th Nepal Kagyu Monlam held at Benchen Monastery from March 29—31, 2018.
Please enjoy the teaching on YouTube.com
Seven Points of Mind Training English
Seven Points of Mind Training Tibetan
H.E. Sangye Nyenpa Rinpoche on Guru Yoga
From Sherab Wangchuk on December 29 , 2015
Request for Long Life Mantras to offer His Holiness the 17th Gyalwang Karmapa, Ogyen Trinley Dorje
==> Until now 1,769,733 Dharanis were recited (January 6, 2019). Thank you and please carry on!
Dear Dharmafriends,
Therefore His Holiness' sister, Jetsun Ngodup Palzom has invited all students, individuals, groups and centres to join in, and to accumulate recitations that will be said by them or their group over the next year (2016, the Tibetan year of the Fire Monkey) as an offering for the benefit of everyone. She is asking for a commitment from each individual or group who wishes to join in, meaning an accumulated number of recitations will be offered during the year by each individual or group.
The Sangha of Benchen Phuntsok Ling together with Dharmahaus Benchen Tashi Ling will accumulate 2,000,000 of the Dharanis for His Holiness activities and Long life. The accumulation will start on Losar February 8, 2016 and go on for one year.
Read more: Request for Long Life Mantras to offer His Holiness the 17th Gyalwang Karmapa, Ogyen Trinley Dorje
Site Last Modified
Latest News
- Request for Long Life Mantras to offer His Holiness the 17th Gyalwang Karmapa, Ogyen Trinley Dorje
- Happy birthday Rinpoche!
- Karma Pakshi practice, 1.-4.3.2019, Allmuthen
- Losar Mönlam, 2.-4.2.2019, Allmuthen
- Nyung Neh retreat 30.5.-2.6.2019, Allmuthen
- White Tara practice 19.-22.4.2019, Allmuthen
- New dates for the Ritual Instrument Workshops, Allmuthen
- Chöd practice 8.-9.06.2019, Allmuthen
- Sangtig Dorsem practice, 3.-5.5.2019, Allmuthen
- Graduation ceremony at Benchen Shedra
- Teaching notice 2019
- Benchen Shedra students graduation
- Recent pictures of Tenga Rinpoche Yangsi
- Save the date: Summer Course 2019, Allmuthen
- Appointment of new Khenpos


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text:
Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Volume 2010, Article ID 541809, 18 pages
Application of Recursive Least Square Algorithm on Estimation of Vehicle Sideslip Angle and Road Friction
1Department of Automobile Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
2Mechanical Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
Received 3 August 2009; Revised 5 December 2009; Accepted 10 February 2010
Academic Editor: J. Rodellar
Copyright © 2010 Nenggen Ding and Saied Taheri. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A recursive least square (RLS) algorithm for estimation of vehicle sideslip angle and road friction coefficient is proposed. The algorithm uses the information from sensors onboard vehicle and control inputs from the control logic and is intended to provide the essential information for active safety systems such as active steering, direct yaw moment control, or their combination. Based on a simple two-degree-of-freedom (DOF) vehicle model, the algorithm minimizes the squared errors between estimated lateral acceleration and yaw acceleration of the vehicle and their measured values. The algorithm also utilizes available control inputs such as active steering angle and wheel brake torques. The proposed algorithm is evaluated using an 8-DOF full vehicle simulation model including all essential nonlinearities and an integrated active front steering and direct yaw moment control on dry and slippery roads.


text:
Best Multivitamin For Women Over 40 Advertisement Several Major Changes Take Place In A Woman's Life At 40; Menopause Being The Most Significant One.
Health Benefits Centrum multivitamin supplements promote conversion of to supplemented with a diet rich in vegetables, fruits and fresh meat. 4 mcg Folate Combined with vitamin B12, it protects and develops the bones strong, aiding them to maintain health. If even a single mineral is deficient in the and membranes, and also to keep the skin, eye, bone, and teeth healthy. Energy Value in Eggs The energy value of a food is am sure you would like to browse through vitamins and minerals chart for more information. Good sources are milk, liver, fish, orange vegetables; and tedious, and that only


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Another busy gameday will take place in Molodyozhnya Hokkeynaya Liga (MHL) on October 17th – it's going to feature as many as 11 regular season games. One of them is going to be between Almaz Cherepovets and Krasnaya Armiya Moscow, who are neighboring in the Western Conference standings.
The red-and-blue are riding a 7-game winning streak coming into this match-up. Boris Mironov's men beat no other but Almaz in their last game – 'the army men' enjoyed a shootout win. With 33 points in 15 games CSKA Moscow's major junior team sits third in the West. Krasnaya Armiya is just one win away from SKA-1946 St. Petersburg, who currently top the conference. Almaz has two points less but with a win tonight they will get closer to SKA-Serebryanye Lvy St. Petersburg, who are currently second in the West.
The first game between the two teams in MHL history took place in October 2009. The teams faced each other in Cherepovets and split the back-to-back series with overtime wins – 4-3 and 3-2. Overall the teams played against each other 31 times in MHL regular season and Kharlamov Cup Playoffs. Almaz won 15 games in regulation and one game in overtime. Krasnaya Armiya won two games in regulation, two games in overtime and four more in the shootout. Cherepovets have a better goal differential – 103-to-98.
The first game of the current back-to-back series took place this past Sunday and Krasnaya Armiya got the win. Neither regulation, nor overtime solved nothing and the game went to the shootout. Nikita Loschenko opened up the scoring in the first period of play and late in the third frame Krasnaya Armiya forward Ivan Silayev tied the game up with a shorthanded marker. Semyon Krasheninnikov scored the shootout-winner to give the red-and-blue the extra point.
Starting goaltenders:
Almaz: Alexei Artamkin (9 games, 6 wins, 95,8% save percentage, goals against average - 0.98)
Krasnaya Armiya: Alexander Samoilov (11 games, 6 wins, 91.8% save percentage, goals against average - 1.88)
Top defensemen:
Almaz: Konstantin Gulkin (15 games, 1 goal, 5 assists, 6 points, plus-6)
Krasnaya Armiya: Vladimir Miroshnichenko (10 games, 1 goal, 3 assists, 4 points, plus-5)
Top forwards:
Almaz: Nikita Loschenko (15 games, 11 goals, 7 assists, 18 points, plus-6)
Krasnaya Armiya: Mikhail Byakin (14 games, 8 goals, 6 assists, 14 points, plus-8)
Other games this Monday:
Taifun Primorie Region – Russkie Vityazi Moscow Region
SKA-Serebryanye Lvy St. Petersburg – HK Riga
Stalny Lisy Magnitogorsk – Sibirskie Snaipery Novosibirsk Region
Altay Ust-Kamenogorsk – Ladiya Togliatti
Belye Medvedi Chelyabinsk – Sputnik Almetyevsk
Snezhnye Barsy Astana – Irbis Kazan
Tyumensky Legion Tyumen – Tolpar Ufa
Chayka Nizhny Novgorod – MHC Dinamo St. Petersburg
Loko Yaroslavl – Krylia Sovetov Moscow
HC MVD Moscow Region – Atlanty Moscow Region


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Download Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya Movie For Free
Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya is a comedy tamil comedy movie directed by Manikandan. With the release of Karthi's Alex Pandian that has been got a lot of popularity from the views.
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Graboid மென்பொருள் Apprx பதிவிறக்க. 31 MB வரை
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Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya is very awaited movie to Tamil people. They hope that Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya movie will be very much perfect for enjoying with family during festivals. As it is the Santhanam's first creation, people expects nothing special but a complete enjoy. Srinivasan and VTV Ganesh exist in cast, that doesn't need to say that this would be fulfill the flick of fun, and is tickling the funny bones. So what is really happening? This movie has been released on January 12th of 2013. So download Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya movie for free online in High quality video format.
Free Download Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya Movie Online
Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya story is set to 3 men, who are trying to inspire a woman. As in original story of Indru and Naalai. But story goes to the different way. The basic of the two movies is similar with each other but the situation goes wrong. Santhanam, and Sethu likes the same girl, who has been played by Vishakha. Their tactics to impress the girl and to capture her mind is the main crux of the synopsis.
Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya Movie Free Download Link
In many songs of Thaman the song 'love letter' number, remix of yesteryear 'unnai vaazhthi paadugiren'. fill with the of sense of humor.
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Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya movie casts are Kovai Sarala, Gautham Menon, Pattimandram Raja, Mayilswamy, Santhanam, Srinivasan, Sethu, Vishakha Singh, STR and VTV Ganesh. Music by Thaman.
The producers are Santhanam and Rama Narayan.
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For the coming Beyond The Bay Overnight Event we will be using VHF radio for communication ( but a good idea to bring your mobile phone too!) , which except for the finishing legs into Hobson's Bay Yacht Club will take advantage of the repeater on Arthur's Seat operating on VHF Chanel 82. This repeater operates in duplex mode meaning that it transmits and receives on different frequencies (as opposed to the more usual VHF simplex mode where both transmission and reception occur at the same frequency. There are two checks that you need to in advance of the event.
- Check that your radio is set up to operate in "International" mode. This is critical to ensure that your radio is also set up to transmit and receive on the correct two duplex mode frequencies when set to channel 82. There are some parts of the world where the channel frequencies are differenct but in Australia we operate in Intenational mode.
- Check that your radio is in good shape before the event since it is the main means of keeping in touch with the event management . A good test is to select channel 82, set the radio for low power and depress and release the microphone talk button. On releasing it you should hear a splash of noise telling you that the repeater has heard you and you have heard back from it. This is great test of most aspects of your radio's performance and should catch most of the common problems and a good test to do routinely on your VHF radio. If it does not work for you, call your favourite marine radio technician! Don't forget to set your radio back to high power after the test too!
- And don't forget to switch to VHF 71 as you approach the event finish.