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International Journal of Zoology
Volume 2011, Article ID 967274, 10 pages
Figs Are More Than Fallback Foods: The Relationship between Ficus and Cebus in a Tropical Dry Forest
Department of Anthropology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
Received 1 January 2011; Revised 4 April 2011; Accepted 29 July 2011
Academic Editor: Michael Thompson
Copyright © 2011 Nigel A. Parr et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
In many studies on primate feeding ecology, figs (Ficus spp.) are characterized as fallback foods, utilized only when preferred sources of food are unavailable. However, for white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus) living in northwestern Costa Rica, figs are a consistently important resource and may increase groupwide energy intake. We investigated whether visits to figs affect ranging and behavioural patterns of capuchins. Although daily range length and average travel speed do not differ on days when fig trees are visited, capuchins spend more time in directed travel and more time stationary on "fig days". Capuchins also increase time spent foraging for fruit and decrease time spent foraging for invertebrates on days when figs trees are visited. Capuchins experience higher energy intake and lower energy output on "fig" days. Thus, the patterns of foraging for figs support an energy-maximization strategy and constitute an important nutritional resource for capuchins.
1. Introduction
Fig syconia (hereafter referred to as figs or fig fruits) produced by Ficus trees are important resources for a plethora of tropical mammal, bird, reptile, and invertebrate species [1, 2]. Many of these animals are in turn important to fig trees, acting as seed dispersers. Three major types of fig-eating frugivores have been identified: birds, bats, and arboreal mammals. The evolution of the physical characteristics of different fig species is linked to particular types of seed dispersers [3]. Bat-dispersed figs tend to be larger, cryptically coloured (greenish), and highly odorous while bird-dispersed figs are small, conspicuously coloured (reddish), and less odorous [3, 4]. There is no specific fig dispersal syndrome that is linked with all arboreal mammals, but there is significant overlap in the fig species consumed by monkeys and birds [2]. Many Neotropical primates, including capuchins, have trichromatic vision and, like birds, are attracted to conspicuously coloured figs [5].
Figs are often described as fallback foods for tropical primates, eaten only when preferred foods are unavailable [6], or not eaten at all [7]. Rarely are figs described as consistent or preferred food items for primates (but see [8, 9]). However, the characterization of figs as fallback foods has been strongly influenced by feeding studies of gibbons and orangutans [10–12] and may not be ubiquitous across the order Primates. In particular, there is evidence that fig fruits are both a consistent and preferred resource for many New World primates (Valenta and Melin, in review). Neotropical monkeys are frequent consumers of figs [6, 8, 9, 13–16] and are likely candidates as seed dispersers thereof.
Ecologists propose that nutritional needs explain food preferences and selection, including energy- and protein-maximization and the avoidance of plant secondary metabolites (PSMs; [17]). Figs are palatable, easily digested, contain few PSMs, and exhibit protein contents that are high enough to influence food selectivity in some Neotropical primates [1, 18]. Published nutritional data for Ficus fruits are highly variable, depending on the fig species analyzed and whether or not fig seeds were removed prior to analysis [19–24]. Proper assessment of nutritional uptake for a given fruit requires not only data on the nutritional content of single fruits, but information on the fruit intake rate as well. Figs eaten by capuchins and howler monkeys are most often small and conspicuously coloured and are consumed at higher rates than other fruits [8, 25].
Energy maximization is a key concept in optimal foraging theory [26, 27], which proposes that animals will maximize their net energy uptake during foraging and feeding behaviour [17]. Thus, according to optimal foraging theory, animals should travel to the next food patch at the most energy-efficient pace when the food energy available in their current patch is below a threshold level, and they should stop moving to feed when the available energy rises above this threshold [28]. Therefore, in food patches with high energy yields primates should feed more and move less [29].
While optimal foraging and patch depletion theories describe net energy maximization in regards to food acquisition, they do not predict behaviours after animals have become satiated, which likely occurs in very large fruit patches. If food acquisition is a primary motivation for primate movement, a higher proportion of stationary behaviours, such as resting and socializing, would be expected after satiation at large fruit patches. For example, primates in a Peruvian national park rested more and traveled less when seasonal fruit availability was highest [6]. Because fig trees produce extremely large fruit crops, fruit availability in fig trees can be high even if habitat-wide fruit availability is low. Therefore, we should expect more rest and less travel when primates visit fig trees.
An increase in resting or stationary behaviours should be reflected in short-term ranging measures such as day range length. An abundance of food may allow primates to relax their search efforts, leading to shorter day range lengths or an overall reduction in the amount of time dedicated to foraging movements [30, 31]. Additionally, the energy available in easily acquired, abundant foods may permit primates to expend extra energy on movement, such as increasing travel speeds between food patches.
Our objective is to combine data from previous studies of capuchin nutritional ecology [19, 21] with new data on ranging behaviour, foraging rates, duration of visits to fruit trees, monkey carrying capacities of fruit trees, and activity budgets to achieve a multifactor assessment of the relationship between capuchin monkeys and Ficus trees in Sector Santa Rosa, Costa Rica. We test the hypothesis that if Ficus trees provide a uniquely rich resource, in terms of energy gain per minute for all group members, then capuchins will alter their ranging and foraging behaviours in a way that that is more energy optimal on the days that they feed from fig trees ("fig days") than on days that fig trees are not visited.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site
This study took place in the Santa Rosa Sector (SSR) of the 153,000-hectare Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), in Guanacaste province, Costa Rica. SSR is approximately 108 km2 of evergreen and semideciduous tropical dry forest with a highly seasonal climate [32]. Sections of the forest were cleared for cattle pasture over the past 300 years and currently exhibit various stages of regeneration following the establishment of Santa Rosa as a national park in 1971. The area experiences an intense dry season from mid-December to mid-May, which is characterized by high ambient temperatures, strong winds, little to no rainfall, and the defoliation of many nonriparian trees [33]. Most of the natural water sources in the area dry up towards the end of the dry season. The wet season occurs from the second half of May through November, with the majority of the 1500 mm of annual rainfall occurring during September and October. A short but relatively drier period (the "veranito") occurs between mid-July and mid-August, dividing the early and late wet seasons [34], a pattern that is typical of tropical forests at this latitude [35].
2.2. Subjects
Capuchin monkeys are frugivore-insectivores and live in matrilineal social groups [36]. We studied the movement and foraging behaviours of one small group (EX: 8–11 individuals), two medium-sized groups (LV: 20–23; CP: 24–26), and one large group (GN: 33–35) of free-ranging white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) for 22 months (January through April 2007, September 2007 through January 2008, May through August 2008, January through August 2009). All groups were habituated to human presence, and two have been studied intensively for over 20 years (e.g., [37, 38]). Each group was followed, on average, for three consecutive days each month.
2.3. Data Collection
2.3.1. Energy Acquisition
We recorded a "fruit patch visit" (FPV) whenever we observed a monkey to enter a new fruit source. For each FPV, we recorded the plant species, GPS location, trunk circumference at breast height (CBH) and, whenever possible, the carrying capacity of the patch (maximum number of monkeys simultaneously feeding) and the duration of the FPV (time elapsed from entry of the first monkey until the exit of the last monkey). We designated all days that included at least one FPV in a Ficus tree as a "fig day".
To calculate invertebrate capture rates, we collected behavioural data using 10-minute continuous focal animal samples [39] of all adult, subadult, and large juvenile capuchins in each of the four study groups. We recorded behaviour states and foraging events whenever they occurred and attempted to identify all consumed insects. Insect capture rates were calculated by dividing the number of captures for each insect, or set of insects, by the total time spent in the "visually foraging" state ("scanning nearby substrates"; [40]). We used previously published nutritional data for insects consumed by capuchins [19] to calculate nutrient uptake from insect foraging.
We conducted 1- to 5-minute continuous focal animal samples [39] of all independently foraging group members (i.e., not infants) to record feeding events when we observed them feeding in fruit trees. The durations of the focal samples were dependent on visibility. We counted a feeding event whenever the focal animal swallowed a fruit whole or took at least two bites from it. The total number of individual fruits ingested was divided by the total duration of the foraging state to calculate the feeding rate for each fruit tree species.
We reviewed the literature to obtain nutritional data for Ficus species and found great variation in the results. While capuchins likely chew and digest some seeds, they are predominantly "gentle" fig eaters, squeezing the pulp and juice out of figs and rarely masticating the seeds [41]. Therefore, we decided that Jordano's [24] nutritional data for figs are most applicable to our study because Jordano did not include the nutritional value of seeds and also because his study took place in Sector Santa Rosa, as did ours. We obtained nutritional data for other fruits consumed by capuchins from the published literature as well [19, 21, 22] to compare with figs.
To calculate the energy uptake rate (KJ/minute) for each fruit species, we multiplied the feeding rate (fruits/minute) by the energy content (KJ/fruit). We only calculated energy uptake rates for 31 fruit species with available nutritional data (Table 1). We have additional feeding rates, FPV durations and carrying capacities for another 45 plant species.
2.3.2. Ranging Data
We used Garmin GPSMAP 76Cx handheld GPS units to record group locations on the hour and half hour throughout the day (N = approx. 25 per day), and at the sleep sites in the morning and evening. Best efforts were made to record the location of the centre of the group. Analysis for this study only included data from full-day follows of monkey groups (N = 186), when we were with the group from their wake site in the morning to their sleep tree in the evening. We sampled evenly between the dry (N = 90) and wet (N = 96) seasons.
Day range lengths were calculated using Garmin MapSource software (Garmin, USA) by summing the vector distances between consecutive location points over the course of the day. We measured stationary time daily by counting the number of half-hour intervals in which the travel distance was less than 10 metres. Travel speed was calculated by dividing the average distance traveled for each half-hour interval by the length of the interval (30 minutes). For each day, we averaged travel speed by summing the travel speeds for each interval and dividing by the number of intervals. Travel speed calculations only included intervals where the distance traveled was ≥10 metres. Any travel distance <10 metres was considered to be stationary. This distance was chosen as the cut-off point because it was the maximum error range (+/−10 m) of the GPS unit, and it allowed to us to account for the fact that the monkeys could be spread out within the crown of especially large fruit trees that could reach 10 metres in diameter.
2.3.3. Activity Budgets
Every half hour we conducted group scan samples and assigned a behaviour class to each monkey we could locate within 10 minutes. We calculated daily activity budgets as the proportion of scans devoted to each behaviour class (Table 2).
2.4. Statistical Analyses
We used general (GLM), and generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to test the effect of fig day on the ranging parameters: day range length (GLM), travel speed (GLM) and stationary time (GLMM; negative binomial distribution). To analyze the group scan data relating to activity budgets, we classified and subclassified each variable (Table 2). We first compared foraging to nonforaging behaviours and then compared the types of behaviours to the others within each of these larger classifications (i.e., fruit foraging behaviours to the remaining foraging behaviours.) To maintain adequate sampling, we removed days from the analysis if they had <10 scans in the category of interest. We included group size (small, medium, large) and season (wet, dry) as covariates in all analyses, as these variables affect ranging patterns and activity budgets of capuchins in Sector Santa Rosa. For all statistical models, significance was set at . All statistical analyses for this study were performed using SAS software, Version 9.1.3 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC).
3. Results
We observed the capuchins eating the fruits of 117 plant species including eight different fig species: Ficus bullenii, F. citrifolia, F. cotinifolia, F. goldmani, F. hondurensis, F. morazaniana, F. obtusifolia, and F. ovalis. Four of these fig species (F. citrifolia, F. cotinifolia, F. hondurensis, F. ovalis) are conspicuous, while the other four species have cryptically-coloured fruits characteristic of bat dispersal. Among the conspicuous Ficus species, F. citrifolia is rare in SSR; to date we have recorded only two trees in the monkeys' home ranges. Thus, data on this fig species should be interpreted with caution, as the sample size is low for all our measures. 88% of capuchin fig foraging time was dedicated to the four conspicuous figs. One fig species in particular, Ficus cotinifolia, was consumed approximately three times more often than any of the other conspicuous figs. As F. cotinifolia fruits are similar in size and colour to other conspicuous figs, and this species is the only conspicuous fig in SSR for which nutritional data have been published, we use this species as a representative of all conspicuous fig species in our discussion.
3.1. Energy Obtained for Foraging Visits to Figs
Fig trees in SSR fruit both asynchronously and aseasonally (Fedigan, unpub. data). Hence, we observed the consumption of figs by capuchins during every month of the year. Fig trees in SSR had the largest carrying capacities of any species (Table 1). The single highest maximum carrying capacity recorded during our study was for the entire CP group (26 monkeys) cofeeding in a single Ficus ovalis tree. Four of the five maximum carrying capacities belonged to Ficus species, with several other Ficus species ranking closely behind. Ficus species also had among the highest average carrying capacities, nearly filling the top 10 spots.
Along with large carrying capacities, Ficus trees also had the longest FPV durations recorded. One visit to a F. cotinifolia resulted in four hours of continuous foraging as group members took turns feeding. Ficus species occupied the top three spots for FPV duration, as well as the 7th spot.
Of the 76 fruit tree species for which we could calculate feeding rates, the conspicuous Ficus hondurensis, F. cotinifolia, F. ovalis, and F. citrifolia ranked 5th, 7th, 10th, and 23rd, respectively. The feeding rate for F. citrifolia is likely an underestimate, not only because our sample size for this species is significantly lower than the other three species, but also because we only observed capuchins foraging for F. citrifolia twice and in both cases very few of the figs were ripe. The average feeding rate for ripe conspicuous figs was 14.5 figs per minute. Feeding rates for cryptic figs were lower (ranks 39, 48, and 60 for F. goldmani, F. morazaniana, and F. obtusifolia, respectively), averaging 4.9 figs per minute.
At the level of an individual fruit, Ficus cotinifolia figs are not exceptionally nutritious (Table 1). However, given the high feeding rates, figs are at par with most other fruits for energy uptake rate given the nutrition of the pulp. Importantly, however, figs also contain fig wasps and other animal matter, which contain a relatively high amount of energy and increase the protein content by up to 30% [20].
3.2. Effect of Figs on Ranging Behaviour
Our study groups traveled 2357 ± 506 m daily (range: 1200–3892 m). Day range lengths varied significantly among group size classes (.13, , , 11, ) and between the wet and dry seasons (, , , 11, . Day range lengths were 110 m shorter on average on fig days, but this was not a statistically significant difference (, , , 11, ).
There was considerable variation in the time that capuchin groups spent stationary during our study. Occasionally ( days) we observed the capuchins to remain stationary for more than five half-hour intervals per day while on other days () the groups did not stop travelling for even one interval. We did find a significant effect of fig visits on stationary time. The capuchins spent nearly twice as much time stationary on days when they visited figs, than nonfig days (, , , ). Capuchin groups traveled 13.2 metres/hour faster on fig days, although the effect was not significant (, , 11, ) because of the large intradaily variation in travel speed. Capuchins travelled further in 30-minute intervals (i.e., more quickly) in the early morning, when fig visitation rates were the highest, and more slowly as midday approached relative to days on which figs were not visited (Figure 1). Travel rates during the latter half of the day were more similar between fig days and nonfig days.
3.3. Effect of Figs on Activity Budgets
Time spent in foraging versus nonforaging behaviours was not affected by whether the group went to a fig tree. However, among the foraging behaviours, capuchins dedicated significantly more time to fruit foraging (, , , 111, ) and correspondingly less time to invertebrate foraging on fig days (Figure 2). Among the nonforaging behaviours, capuchins spent more time in directed travel (, , , 97, ) on fig days (Figure 2). The proportion of time dedicated to different low-intensity behaviours (resting, social) was not significantly affected by fig day (, , , 110, ).
4. Discussion
4.1. Figs Are more than a Fallback Resource for Cebus monkeys
The eight fig species in Santa Rosa supply 31% of the fruit in the capuchin diet. This is similar to the proportion of figs in the diet of Cebus albifrons (37.5%), but higher than in the tufted capuchin, Cebus apella (20%; [6]). 87% of capuchin fig-foraging time dedicated to conspicuous figs [8] and more than half of this time was spent consuming figs from Ficus cotinifolia [42]. We recorded 365 visits to Ficus trees over a period of 22 months and Ficus trees were visited in each month of the year, during which time the overall availability of fruits eaten by capuchins varies considerably (Santa Rosa capuchin database, unpubl. data). Thus, we conclude that figs are consistently important resources in the diet of white-faced capuchins in SSR due to their year-round consumption by capuchins, and we would not characterize them as fallback foods for capuchins.
4.2. Energy Obtained during Foraging Visits to Figs
Some previous nutritional studies have downplayed the importance of figs to Neotropical primates due to their low nutritional content [20]. However, these studies have not taken into account the high feeding rates of primates in fig trees, and other researchers have found that figs represent a relatively well-rounded nutritional source [43]. We found that fig intake rates are one of the highest among all fruits eaten by white-faced capuchins and are comparable to previously published fig consumption rates for howler monkeys and capuchins [21, 25, 44]. Three conspicuous fig species rank within the top 10 of our list of 76 fruits for which we could calculate feeding rates. Although the small single fruits from Ficus cotinifolia contain little energy (2.26 KJ; [24]) capuchins obtain substantial amounts of energy in short periods of time from these figs due to high intake rates.
Perhaps the most important feature of fig trees is their ability to provide an abundant source of food for entire groups of capuchin monkeys in SSR. Ficus trees have high visitation rates, the longest foraging visit durations, and the highest monkey carrying capacities of any fruit source in SSR, which ensures that most or all of the group members can feed in the same location. Compared to smaller canopy trees, capuchin feeding rates in figs are less affected by aggression levels and are only slightly higher for dominant individuals than for subordinates [44]. When capuchins forage in large-crowned trees, individuals are able to spread out and reduce competition and aggression [45, 46]. Therefore, in large food patches, like fig trees, the form of feeding competition may shift from contest to scramble with dominant individuals feeding in areas of the tree with higher concentrations of easily consumable fruits [21]. The energy obtained through the easy acquisition and low processing times of fig fruits by entire capuchin groups supports the claim that figs are the most important resource for tropical frugivores [2].
4.3. Effect of Figs on Ranging Behaviour
Foraging on figs does not affect the ranging behaviour of white-faced capuchins per se. Capuchin groups travel similar distances and at the same average speed on fig and nonfig days. Travel speed and distance may be affected by other factors such as access to water and territorial monitoring and intergroup encounters [47], but the time spent stationary by capuchins is significantly affected by trips to fig trees. Capuchin groups spend significantly more time stationary on fig days. With constant day range lengths, we would expect capuchins to travel faster on fig days to make up the distance lost during their long stationary bouts. The likely explanation is in the distribution of half-hour travel speeds. Many primates eat fruits early in the day to ensure they acquire the energy that will sustain their behaviour later in the day [22]. Capuchins travel their furthest distances during the first few hours of the day (Figure 1). On fig days, capuchin groups travel even faster during these hours and travel slower over the next few hours than they do on nonfig days. The early morning also coincides with the highest rate of visits to fig trees, which suggests that capuchins travel directly to reach fig trees as early as possible in the day.
4.4. Effect of Figs on Activity Budget
While a large amount of time spent in a large fruit patch is not unexpected [29], the behaviour differences on fig versus nonfig days are noteworthy. Capuchins increase their fruit foraging by ten percent on fig days, which corresponds with a ten percent decrease in invertebrate foraging. This dietary shift could have several implications for the health and nutrition of capuchins. First, invertebrate foraging is an energy-expensive behaviour. Although, individually, invertebrates are high in protein and fat [19], they are much more difficult to acquire than fruit. Capuchins utilize many techniques to acquire invertebrate prey, including breaking and chewing through branches, chasing and catching, and sifting through leaf litter, all of which are sure to be more energy expensive than fig foraging. Second, invertebrate foraging is potentially more dangerous for capuchins. Defense tactics of some invertebrate prey (e.g., stinging scorpions, biting ants, and acid-releasing beetles) aside, invertebrate foraging likely increases the risk of predation to capuchins. In SSR, capuchins often forage for invertebrates on, or near, the forest floor, especially when fruit availability is low [48], which increases their susceptibility to predation by terrestrial hunters, including snakes, cats, and other carnivorous mammals. Third, invertebrate capture rates are quite low compared to fruit intake rates in general, and to fig intake rates specifically. Usually capuchins supplement their frugivorous diet with invertebrate prey, but they may require less supplementation if the protein intake at fig trees is high enough. For example, the protein acquired by consumption of a scorpion is equivalent to only six minutes of fig foraging based on published nutritional estimates [19, 20, 24] and invertebrate intake rates (Table 3). Similarly, it takes only 50 seconds of fig foraging to equal the protein intake for a small, shelled invertebrate (e.g., stink bug), the capuchins' most common invertebrate prey. We calculated that capuchins ingest ~2.1 g protein per hour from invertebrates and ~6.3 g per hour of protein from figs. Therefore, fig foraging may allow the capuchins to significantly decrease the amount of time spent searching for and capturing invertebrates.
Capuchins spent significantly more time involved in directed travel on fig days. Directed travel is defined as fast-speed movement (adults walk/jump quickly or lope, and juveniles usually run) that does not include visual foraging. During other group movement, capuchins often travel more slowly and forage for invertebrates while moving between fruit trees, water sources, or favourite rest trees. This "foraging locomotion" is decreased on fig days. Although directed travel is expected to have higher thermoregulatory costs than foraging travel, it is noteworthy that the highest travel speeds occur early in the morning and later in the day, when thermoregulation costs of travelling in a tropical environment are decreased [33].
5. Conclusions
Fig trees are one of the most important resources for white-faced capuchins in the tropical dry forests of Costa Rica. They provide a superabundance of food, simultaneous foraging space for many group members and lower predation risk, allowing monkeys to spend less time in solitary searching for invertebrates close to the forest floor. Additionally, group cohesiveness and close proximity in fig trees allows for better vigilance and protection from aerial predators. The fruit biomass in fig trees provides enough energy to satiate an entire capuchin group, despite the fact that energy uptake rates from Ficus cotinifolia are not significantly higher than other fruit species. Finally, figs fruit asynchronously and year round, making them a dependable resource for capuchins living in a tropical dry forest where fruit availability is highly seasonal.
The authors extend great thanks to Adrián Guadamuz for his help with tree identification. They also thank Roger Blanco Segura and the staff of the Área de Conservación Guanacaste for help with the project and the Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía (MINAE) for permission to conduct research in a Costa Rican national park. The authors are grateful to Adrienne Blauel, Fernando Campos, Brandon Klüg, Mike Lemmon, Krisztina Mosdossy, and Laura Weckman for their hard work and assistance with data collection and to John Addicott for programming our behavioural data parsers and assistance with analyses and databases. Financial support was provided by the Government of Alberta (NP), the Alberta Ingenuity Fund (ADM) and The Leakey Foundation (ADM), and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (ADM & LMF) and the Canada Research Chairs Program (LMF). The University of Calgary funded the presentation of a portion of this study at the 32nd Meeting of the American Society of Primatologists.
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Ten Days Of Vintage
Vintage Tartan Dress With Belt
Date 12 Jun 2018
Buyer Ybabala
Vintage "Posta Romana" Print Shirt
Date 26 Apr 2018
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The product is exactly as it is shown in pictures. Great piece! Thank you.
Vintage Fleece Lined Acid Wash Denim Jacket
Date 27 Mar 2018
Buyer kleogram
Jacket exactly as modelled and delivery exactly on time! I m really enjoying this jacket, fits very well! Would 100% recommend
Vintage "Buenos Aires" Print shirt
Date 18 Mar 2018
Buyer zabouelleil
Vintage Black And White Polka Dot Maxi Dress
Date 17 Oct 2017
Buyer Galhane
Magnifique robes ! J'en ai commandé 4, toutes en très bonnes états. La livraison à été plutôt rapide (environs une semaine). Je recommande ! Merci merci merci !
Vintage Baby Pink Sports Trousers
Date 15 Oct 2017
Buyer siennagrace
So good!! product exactly how described + looks in the photo. PERFECT and quick delivery
Vintage Black And White Polka Dot Dress
Date 14 Aug 2017
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Date 6 Aug 2017
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Yay! lightning speed postage, great item.
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Vintage Summer Jacket/Dress
Date 12 Jun 2017
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Date 8 May 2017
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Brown Faux Fur Coat
Date 6 May 2017
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Great coat, excellent seller, totally recommended AAA+++

subset: commoncrawl


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So it's been a while since I've posted. But I've been drawn out of my writer's block over a saddening trend I'm seeing downtown. Restaurants are cropping up like Starbucks throughout the city. This is excellent news, for the most part. I'm happy to see our downtown thriving and growing and drawing people to our historic city-central to enjoy the nightlife, appreciate the vibe, and take advantage of public transportation. But after living here now for 3.5 years, I'm disappointed with the sense of urgency to grow and "be cool." Food trends are picked up and repeated to the point of boring; menus are written with every good intention, but the food is completely flat and tasteless. In the rush to open and earn back the likely enormous financial investment (the full story-high wine room, wood leftover from rainforests, and too many eager staff hires), some places are falling totally flat, buried by their corporate desire to be the next best thing. They are far from it. At a newish restaurant tonight, the experience began to fail almost at "hello." Our drink order was delayed, then brought out in pieces, and then given to the wrong people. Our fried oyster sliders were mushy; the marinated octopus tasted only of the grill. Don't call it a "Flatbread" to be hip with the new lingo if the damn thing is just a pizza. Call a spade a spade. We don't care. Neither does the pizza. But if you're going to call it something different, at least make it edible. And use your seasonings. Don't display 15 different spices for all the world to see if they are never opened and used. And please cook your meat, for godsakes. A lovely server with a great smile approached our table with 3 fancy and delicious looking drinks. They weren't ours. The bloated runner scalded his fingers trying to open the lid on a steaming pot of mussels. The only reason I was watching him was because earlier I had seen him taste food behind the counter, in the kitchen, with said fingers. I was charged the bottle price for a glass of sparkling wine...to be discovered after our cards had been run through.
Thankfully, a few diamonds have sparkled in the rough - Bestia, of course. One of the better meals I've had in a long time. It's so cool it's slightly intimidating. Bar Ama. Turned tacos on their head by making theirs "puffy." Baco Mercat. I left wanting more but couldn't get back in because the waiting list was so long.
I'm proud and thankful to be a downtown resident, but it's high-achieving freshman status has given way to a petulant, unruly sophomore looking to score with a senior cheerleader. It's moving too fast, growing too quickly, and trying too hard to BE something. It doesn't have to do anything - it's already cool. Downtown has the incredible luck to have found itself again, and I often boast that the reason it's so popular is because it's still undiscovered. It has no reputation yet. No people or culture mucking it up. It's fresh and unknown still. And I wish restaurateurs would spend a little more time focusing on their mission, allowing a space and menu to mature, grow, and blossom into something special. To match the rebirth of our once very grand downtown.


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Skies are gray, rarely blue.
Though there are but a few,
Enjoy the blooms just for you.
Have a great week:@)
Beautiful bloom! I have a similar daylily and the tag said it blooms until well after the first frost.ReplyDelete
What a hearty bloomer! Love the color!ReplyDelete
We have a few flowers hanging on. Nothing quite as spectacular as this.
What a lovely Daylilly that greeted you, Lynn. I love your creative Fall poem!ReplyDelete
I would smile too if I was greeted by that pretty yellow Daylilly.
that's awesome. :)ReplyDelete
So pretty. One of the last flower posts I imagine I will be seeing this year.ReplyDelete
This is a beautiful day lily, Lynn -- such a cheerful shade of yellow. When we lived in our first house years ago, we had the old-fashioned orange day lilies blooming in front of your house through the summer. People call them railroad lilies around here because you often see them growing alongside railroad tracks in the summer. I still miss those flowers! Thanks for sharing this with us and enjoy your beautiful fall day!
Denise at Forest Manor
That's beautiful, Lynn.
I am jealous that you had frost already...
nothing but sweaty here.
and I love that mummy pie, too!
SO pretty! I think all our flowers are long gone :)ReplyDelete
Such a pretty flower! =)ReplyDelete
What a pretty bloom Lynn! My plants are all confused, we have hydrangeas with new blooms and I spied some gardenias on my bush this weekend :)ReplyDelete
I think Mother Nature is confused right now, especially around here~ I found a patch of impatients in bloom and I have planted those in years! My hydrangeas are greening up like its early spring! Love your daylilly surprise!


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Institute for Work & Health: Mustard Fellowship in Work Environment and Health, $50 000
|Sponsored by
|Institute for Work and Health
|Type Of Funding
|Type of Degree
|Field Of Study
|Social Sciences & Health
|Social, behavioural, organizational or health sciences
|$50 000
|2 Years
|McMaster University,University of Toronto,University of Waterloo,York University
|Eligibility Citizenship
|Canadian citizen and Permanent Resident
|Country specified
|Not Specified
Graduate Scholarship Description
The Fellowship supports the development of outstanding new researchers in the field of work and health congruent with the mission of the Institute.
It aims specifically to build capacity for innovative multidisciplinary research concerning the relationships between work environments and worker health. As such, the Fellowship is open to a range of academic disciplines including social, behavioural and organizational sciences, as well as clinical and population health sciences.
Scholarship awarded on basis of :
Applicants should have an interest in approaching research questions from a multidisciplinary perspective.
Additional important information
The Institute for Work & Health is an independent, not-for-profit research organization whose mission is to conduct and share research with workers, labour, employers, clinicians and policy-makers to promote, protect and improve the health of working people.
Research conducted at the Institute includes the study of: primary prevention interventions in the workplace; effective and efficient treatment and safe, timely return to work for people with work-related injury or illness; labour market experiences and their health consequences; and disability compensation systems and their behavioural consequences.
IWH is formally affiliated with the University of Toronto, McMaster University, the University of Waterloo and York University.
To apply: Contact Or Go Here
Applications for this position usually include:
1) A covering letter and three letters of reference.
2) One letter of reference should be from your thesis supervisor.
3) A curriculum vitae and a transcript of academic records (graduate, complete with description of grading scale employed).
Official transcripts are not required.
An abstract of the research proposal to be completed during the fellowship (maximum 200 words)
A full statement (no more than three pages) of the proposed program of research to be conducted during the term of the Fellowship.
The description should be written by the applicant and should state the scientific and career benefits expected to be derived from the research and its relevance to the work of the Institute. Reference letters should be sent directly to the Institute or, if forwarded by the candidate, should be in an envelope sealed across the flap with the referee's signature.
If sending by mail, please do not staple materials. Please forward materials by mail to the attention of:
Alexandra Stevens
Institute for Work & Health
481 University Ave., Suite 800 Toronto, ON M5G 2E9
Or by e-mail to: [email protected]
Applicants must have a PhD (or equivalent), or complete a PhD within the first three months of the Fellowship, in one or more of the fields of social, behavioral, organizational or health sciences, including epidemiology, medicine and allied medical professions.
Applicants should have an interest in approaching research questions from a multidisciplinary perspective.
The Fellow will conduct scholarly inquiry within areas of relevance to the Institute's mission as described in the Institute's Strategic Research Plan and is expected to contribute scholarly work in the form grant proposal participation, presentations and papers over his/her tenure. Applicants should have proficiency in relevant qualitative and/or quantitative methods.
Applicants must hold Canadian citizenship, have permanent residency status in Canada or be eligible for a Canadian work visa at the
time of application. The Fellowship is based at the Institute for Work & Health where the Fellow is expected to spend his/her working time.
The Fellowship is awarded for 24 consecutive months.
If the Fellowship is terminated during its course, the award will be prorated.
The Fellowship award is approximately $55,000 CDN per annum, plus a benefit package and conference travel support.
To briefly describe his/her progress, the successful candidate will submit interim written reports to his/her mentor and the Scientific Director at three, nine, 12 and 18 months into the term.
A final detailed report must be filed prior to the conclusion of the Fellowship term.
The Board of Directors of the Institute reserves the right to terminate the Fellowship award for cause.
Application forms (if available)
Not Specified
Love it? Share it:
Doctoral Degree Program,Fellowship,Social, behavioural, organizational or health sciences,British Columbia University


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The food pantry and emergency assistance program provides food and emergency financial assistance for shelter, utilities and medications to individuals in need in Preble County, Ohio.
Hours are: Monday 1:30 p.m. – 4:00 p.m., Wednesday 9:30 a.m. – 12:30 p.m., and Friday 1:30 p.m. – 4:00 p.m. Closed Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday and Sunday. Our address is 113 S Cherry St, Eaton, Ohio 45320. Contact us at (937) 456-6560 or via email firstname.lastname@example.com for information.


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BeautifulGreetings from DOWBOND/blog
Beautiful photo.Greetings.NEW OUTFIT IN MY FASHION BLOG!!: http://www.diamondconestilopropio.com/2016/05/feel-air.html
This photo is awesome! I'm so excited to go to Mexico soon! http://moje-kreacje.blogspot.com
Wow! looking nice and beautiful in this white top and denim pant. Love from India. Kisses!!mens tailored suits
Let me know what you think about this post :)


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If you are considering buying a home and are not paying cash as many investors or foreign buyers are doing lately, it helps to level the playing field. Nowadays, sellers are deciding quickly on which offers to consider. If you have a pre-approval attached to your offer, it is much more likely to be considered. Follow these 6 steps to improve your chances of buying your dream home.
Begin by preparing your information. Gather statements of current income, including last 2 months of paystubs, last personal federal tax return, W2's, 2 months bank statements for all borrowers and assets information. Also gather your employment history, usually last 2 years of consistent employment. If self-employed, be prepared to prove your income and projected income sustainability.
Do you know your credit score? Maybe you think you do by accessing your free annual credit report, but those reports are not the same as reports accessed by banks & lenders. For now, I suggest requesting each borrowers free annual credit report, as it is better to know any credit score and potential derogatory information. Begin resolving issues ASAP & look at my blog post How to save $100's to $1,000's: 11 tips to manage your credit score.
Research many lenders, click here for my blog post. Do you know the loan program you need? Did you know there are many down-payment assistance programs to help 1st time homebuyers? Cities and states also offer down-payment and assistance programs. Do these lenders have experience with these programs? Find a lender that has the program that best fits your needs. I suggest asking an impartial person, such as the Mortgage Fee Coach, if the lender is right for you. This is one of the areas I bring the most value.
After finding the right lenders, request rate and fee quotes from each of them. You will be surprised at home much their rates and fees differ. If using the Mortgage Fee Coach services, rates and fees will be compared for you in an plain format, so the least expensive option is clear. The Mortgage Fee Coach will clearly save you money in this area.
After finding the best lender, complete an application, provide copies of the required documentation, and keep the originals. Ask how long they require for pre-approval?
Be aware, due to the new government regulations, you will have to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that you have the ability to repay the loan. The underwriter will review all the information, including verifying current income and historical income from two years of consistent past employment.
Keep in contact with the lender every 3-4 days, until your loan is approved. The Loan Officer should help you feel at ease and the process is moving forward timely. They may also need additional information. Provide it as quickly as possible.
- Become pre-approved for the mortgage loan. Know the maximum loan amount for which you qualify. Pre-approvals may be valid up to 120 days, but the lender may ask for updated paystubs and other information after 60-90 days.
Finally, take the time to build a quality relationship with your lender as early in the process as possible. The earlier you start the loan approval process, build the down payment and cash reserves, resolve credit issues and document required income, the sooner you will be able to buy your home and live the American Dream.


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Construction Staking
We use conventional surveying methods to provide our clients with affordable, precise, and accurate construction staking services. We specialize in construction calculations and layout for multiple items.
- Column Line Control
- Pre-cast Concrete, Steel, and Caissons
- Storm, Sanitary, Water Main, and Utilities
- Paving and Grading
- Buildings and Bridges
GLG has been responsible for the construction survey services for some of the most prestigious projects in Southeastern Michigan such as Comerica Park, Ford Field, Detroit Water Works Park, Greektown Casino, MGM Casino, and Campus Martius.
Scroll through our Construction Staking projects below.
MGM Casino
We were responsible for the construction calculations and staking of caissons, piers, load bearing walls, structural steel, and over 2500 pieces of pre-cast concrete involved in the Detroit MGM Casino.
Our team also calculated and staked the site utilities, storm, sanitary, water, decorative wall, site furnishings, electrical, sidewalks, and over a mile of integral curb and gutter. We worked with multiple clients and coordinated construction staking for the duration of the construction.
Ford Field
Great Lakes Geomatics was asked to establish horizontal and vertical control for the site, and provide layout for the prime contractor and other on-site trades. We provided staking for mass grading, caissons, foundations, anchor bolts, steel, precast concrete, walls, statues, seating, signs, water main, sewers, plumbing, etc.
We performed as-built surveys for QA/QC of the design build portions and other purposes for the prime contractor. In addition, we were responsible for creating easements and street vacation documents for the project. Our technicians had the primary function to create a full As-Built and monitor 200 ton steel trusses that were constructed on-site to ensure they would meet design criteria.
Comerica Park
Our team was responsible for the construction layout, design build survey services, and as-built survey services for the duration of the construction of Comerica Park and the adjoining parking garage. We used many different construction survey methods and QA/QC procedures to meet the requirements of at least six different clients in the construction process. Processes varied from extremely precise and accurate steel and pre-cast layout to mass grading. We calculated and staked all caissons, piers, structural steel, pre-cast concrete floor and walls. Utilities staked included electrical, water, plumbing, and other miscellaneous items.
Other features calculated and staked were mass grading, field drainage, base locations, seating, walls, and the scoreboard. Paving features consisted of over a mile of city streets, all sidewalks, and the adjacent parking garage.
We were the prime surveyors responsible for the majority of all construction staking and as-built surveys for the duration of the project.
Americans with Disabilities Act Ramps – Detroit
As a subcontractor to the City of Detroit, we surveyed over 450 city street intersections during a year-long pilot project to confirm compliance of ADA Ramps in Downtown Detroit and along the Woodward Corridor from Downtowns to the Wayne State University Area.
The layouts we developed were used to rebuilt out-of-compliance ramps Laser scanning technology proved invaluable in rapidly and accurately collecting the enormous amount of spatial data required by this half-million-dollar project.
GREAT LAKES GEOMATICS can support your project with complete land surveying, laser scanning services, and UAV (drone) services.
Call us today at (586) 755-5770.


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Comfort gourmet foods
Chris didn't start off in the culinary field following graduation from high school. His career developed after eight years of service in the Army where he worked in communications. "It was after leaving the army and while I was attending college that I worked in several kitchens to earn some school money. It was there I got interested in being a chef," Chris explained. "I worked at The Opus Steakhouse in Williamsburg for four years before coming to the White Dog. I've been here two years."
Providing classic comfort foods with an upscale twist is his goal.
"We change menus four times a year and we like to work with local producers. My goal is to have at least 80% of all our food product be Virginia grown. I think we should get involved with the food grown around us."
Chris is continuing his education in the culinary world by studying restaurant management at the Virginia Culinary Institute. He's excited about the opening of the outdoor patio and the crab steams to be held there. He puts his own recipes together and says, "You've got to taste along the way. How else would you know how to season?"
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text: Ibook g3 500mhz , 640mb of ram. Can an ibook boot off of a usb dvd drive? Is it worth putting a 7200rpm 8mb cache harddrive in over a 5400rpm 8mb cache? Is it possible to get Wifi g or n on this laptop? Will Mac os x 10.4.11 run decently on this ibook? Thanks!


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Property Location
When you stay at B&B Hotel Viladecans in Viladecans, you'll be within the vicinity of Fira Barcelona. This hotel is within the region of Casa Batllo and Palau de la Musica Catalana.
Make yourself at home in one of the 100 air-conditioned rooms featuring LED televisions. Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and cable programming is available for your entertainment. Bathrooms have showers and complimentary toiletries. Conveniences include safes and desks, as well as phones with free local calls.
Make use of convenient amenities, which include complimentary wireless Internet access and tour/ticket assistance.
Quench your thirst with your favorite drink at a bar/lounge. Buffet breakfasts are available daily from 6 AM to 10:30 AM for a fee.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include a 24-hour front desk and multilingual staff. Free self parking is available onsite.


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Cool Videos: Quentin Tarantino: Hollywood's Boy Wonder documentary
This installment of COOL VIDEOS comes care of the man himself, JoBlo!
The bossman found a BBC documentary on one of our favorite directors, Quentin Tarantino. It was part of a series titled BBC Omnibus.
In the documentary, we are taken into Tarantino's West Hollywood apartment. There's the best television that money could buy in 1994 along with his inspiration tacked to his walls. Notice the stacks of VHS' on top of that monster TV. I felt as if I had traveled back in time. Can I get his email so I can ask for that amazing TRUE ROMANCE poster?
We learn about how the director works, what he loves, and the perception of what he's about from fellow filmmakers and actors. This all right as PULP FICTION hits screens in the UK. If you enjoy listening to Tarantino and want a little more insight about what makes him tick, check this out.
If you find a cool movie-related video online that you think other readers would appreciate, please email us the link/info at [email protected].
|Extra Tidbit:
|I love the things that this man loves.


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#100 EuropeanStartups – DAY 91
Samlino.dk (Copenhagen, Denmark)
Year of foundation
Staff members
Samlino.dk is Denmark's largest financial comparison site that helps Danish consumers save money on services in the financial sector; insurance, loan, broadband etc. Samlino.dk is part of Compare Group Global – the world's largest organization of comparison sites. (from Crunchbase)
Kristian Pitzner,
Stefan Bruun
Mads Faurholt-Jorgensen


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|Project by Rapola
|posted 09-14-2015 04:48 PM
|916 views
|3 times favorited
|1 comment
Hall table with wine rack.
The top is probably Acacia. I say probably because I have no recollection of what I purchased at the Lumber yard. Its was 108 degrees that day and a 1.5 hour drive each way in a car with no AC turned my brain into mush.
The base was a thrift shop find; I paid pretty close to what I would have had to pay at the metal yard to purchase the raw stock.
This was almost more metal working that wood working as the existing base was an inche too wide which necessitated me sectioning it and welding back together.
Work and Finish Schedule
- Cut to dimension
- Router Sled to Level
- Sand to 500 grit
- 2 coats BLO
- Many coats wipe-one poly (Top and bottom)
- Top wet sanded at 2,000 grit
- waxed and polished


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The Wild have completed a minor league trade, sending 27-year-old Chad Rau of Eden Prarie to the San Jose Sharks in exchange for Curt Gogol, a 22-year-old winger.
Gogol has recorded three goals and one assist in 40 games with the American Hockey League Worcester Sharks this season. His 149 penalty minutes rank seventh in the AHL.
Rau was drafted by the Wild in the seventh round of the 2005 NHL draft and appeared in nine games with the team during the 2011-12 season.
Follow Chad Graff at twitter.com/ChadGraff.


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Publication: 2004
# of Pages: 228
Source: Purchased Copy
Colie expects the worst when she's sent to spend the summer with her eccentric aunt Mira while her mother, queen of the television infomercial, tours Europe. Always an outcast -- first for being fat and then for being "easy" -- Colie has no friends at home and doesn't expect to find any in Colby, North Carolina.
But then she lands a job at the Last Chance Cafe and meets fellow waitresses Morgan and Isabel, best friends with a loving yet volatile relationship. Wacky yet wise, Morgan and Isabel help Colie see herself in a new way and realize the potential that has been there all along.
But then she lands a job at the Last Chance Cafe and meets fellow waitresses Morgan and Isabel, best friends with a loving yet volatile relationship. Wacky yet wise, Morgan and Isabel help Colie see herself in a new way and realize the potential that has been there all along.
Imagine being ridiculed for not only your physical appearance but also your personality. Sarah Dessen's main character Colie knows all about it and doesn't expect anything to be any different when she spends time with her eccentric aunt in North Carolina, but it is there that she learns the most about herself and grows into a beautiful young woman.
What I enjoyed most about this whole novel was the characters. My favorite had to be Colie's eccentric aunt Mira. I love when people are so comfortable in their skin that they don't care what anyone thinks. It takes an unusual strength in character to be able to do something of that nature. Because Mira is able to define herself as such a strong and unique character she serves as a role model for Colie who needs to learn how to be comfortable in her own skin. Another character aspect that I enjoyed was the friendship amongst all the girls. Even when one of them was doing something completely out of control or nonsensical they still found reasons to stick together through a series of harsh events.
The only aspect of this book that didn't do anything for me was the romance between Colie and Norman. In my opinion it fit into a classic trope of "falling in love with your best friend." Don't get me wrong, Norman is a great character and I think he teaches Colie a lot about finding the beauty within; however, I think that the novel would have been great if it only focused on the development of self-confidence and the importance of female friendships. Not ever contemporary book needs a romance.
Last, but not least, I truly appreciate Sarah Dessen's writing style and how she tackled all these different issues. If you are looking for some insight to bullying and growing to love oneself and others for not only the outside, but also the inside then I recommend this book. With the issues of bullying occurring worldwide this an important book to read.


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August 25, 2016
A New York gaming license may approve soon for the state's Southern Tier at a racetrack and slot parlor. The license would allow for the gaming facility to operate Las Vegas type games.
The state Gaming Commission will meet on Tuesday and discuss issuing Tioga Downs the gaming license.
A casino license was approved last year for Tioga Downs. Construction began right away.
There are three other casinos currently being built in the Finger Lakes, Schenectady, and the Catskills.
Return to New York Casinos.


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North Dumfries Community Health Centre Satellite
About the North Dumfries Community Health Centre Satellite
The North Dumfries Community Health Centre was established in 2003 in Ayr as a satellite centre of Langs, an already established community leader in health and social services in Cambridge Ontario. Community residents recognized the need to enhance accessible health care services in North Dumfries Township. Under Langs leadership, a community needs assessment was done and a foundation for the CHC established.
Our inter-professional team includes the following:
- Physicians
- Nurse Practitioners
- Physician Assistant
- Registered Nurses
- Social Worker
- Registered Dietitian
- Diabetes Educators
- Community Workers
- Administration Staff
Catchment Area: North Dumfries Township including Ayr, Roseville, Branchton, Clyde, Drumbo, New Dundee and Plattsville
Community Health Centre
Please click here to learn more about the Community Health Centre offered at the North Dumfries site.
Programs & Services
The North Dumfries Community Health Centre offers various programs for children, youth and adults both at the centre, and at facilities in our catchment area.
- Solemates
- Participants set a goal of a destination they would like to travel to. Collectively, they walk on our indoor walking track and add up their total kilometers until they reach their goal!
- Pole Walking
- Learn the technique and enjoy the benefits of pole walking!
- Take A Break
- It's just that! Take a Break out of your day and enjoy social time with friends. Play games, discuss current events, or go on an outing!
Additional adult programs are offered throughout the year.
To provide recreational activities for youth, we offer programs at our main site in Ayr, as well as Platville and Drumbo on a rotating basis.
Baby Friendly Initiative
The Baby-Friendly Initiative (BFI) is a global initiative started by the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF in 1991. The goal of the BFI is to protect, promote and support breastfeeding, and to support informed decision-making about infant feeding.
Langs is pursuing BFI designation. We promote exclusive breastfeeding and we welcome you to breastfeed at our site.
Click here for more information on the BFI from Waterloo Region
Counselling Services
Life's struggles can affect many aspects of your wellness. At North Dumfries Community Health Centre Satellite, an onsite social worker is available to look at how your emotional, mental, physical and spiritual needs are impacted. Counselling and Nutrition services are available to all individuals living in our catchment area, subject to demand for service. Individuals do not have to be a medical patient of the CHC to access this service. The social worker can provide individual, family and couples counselling. There is no fee for this service.
Click here to contact us.


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March 22, 2018
1303 Northeast 45th Street
Seattle, WA 98105-4502
March 22, 2018
Show at 8:00 pm
General Admission Standing Room on Floor
Reserved Seating in Balcony
All Ages / Bar with I.D.
+$5 day of show
(not including fees)
- IN PERSON at the Paramount Theatre Box Office, open Monday through Friday, 10 am to 6 pm.
- ONLINE at Ticketmaster.com, which is accessible via this site.
- BY PHONE using Ticketmaster's automated system at 1-800-982-2787.
There are many ticket resellers and secondary markets for tickets. The ONLY OFFICIAL website for the theatre is stgpresents.org. Please note: we do run occasional offers through partner sites including, but not limited to: Broadway.com, Goldstar, TravelZoo, official artist websites and their official fan clubs.
Purchasing tickets from any other seller or website runs a high risk of receiving fraudulent tickets.
Note: if you have successfully purchased tickets from one of the official sources listed above, congratulations! We're sure you're excited, but please DO NOT share photos of your tickets online. Tickets can be replicated via these photos and resold, which could inhibit your ability to enter the theatre. We look forward to seeing you at the show!
STG & T Presents welcome Michael Schenker Fest to The Neptune on March 22, 2018.
Michael Schenker reunites with the three original MSG singers to play a retrospective of greatest hits. Do not miss this once in a lifetime chance to see these legends together on one stage: Gary Barden, Graham Bonnet & Robin Mcauley (vocals), plus Doogie White (Michael Schenker's Temple of Rock,) Chris Glen (Bass), Ted McKenna (Drums), & Steve Mann (Guitar/Keys).


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Welcome to true religion outlet, Log In/ Register/
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Straight leg discount True Religion jeanshave a similar shape to skinny jeans but are not quite as fitted and have a straight up and down design. And the great thing about them is that they're so easy to dress up or down too.
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Save: 76% off


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迷路兵 Autograph Session@Jurong Entertainment Centre
for those who support MLB, rem there's another autograph session this sat 28/7 3pm @ Bukit Panjang Plaza!!! =)
i can't rem wat i said and y i was so happy...but yeah, i like this. =) hehe...
for those who support MLB, rem there's another autograph session this sat 28/7 3pm @ Bukit Panjang Plaza!!! =)
haha...Happy means have fun?..lol..Anyway..Thanks for the news =)
cool... mi lu bing songs are nice =) hmm dun know when got the chance to meet u jia hui =P or when u going to write a book ner like mary?
yo ahaha jia hui... really enjoy u n cq hosting!! ytd "du jia shou bo" tat NDP song which sang by u n cq de nice leh!!! Funny too!!! listen wanna laugh.. like d part where ride bicycle mus be careful dun b lk cq lost 4 teeths tat part too!!! lyric v singaporean n "sheng1 huo2 hua4" ma!!! hehe jia you!! :) hope ur can produce more of tis fun stuffs!!
btw actually got tis idea wanna tell u quite some time le but drag till now den tell u... hee is regrading u n cq produce tat ANYTHING & WHATEVER trailer la.. cos d trailer is all abt gal being fussy ma... everytime dun wan decide den when guy choose le still say so much!!! hee den u neva help gal "zhen1 hui2 yi4 kou3 qi4" ar? er d trailer can be like since guy keep wanna gal to make a decision and say if she wanna go where oso will accompany her de rite.. den d gal say ok lor.. she say she got somewhere in mind den bring d guy go there! when reach le outside is a very expensive restaurant!! den d guy will make noise say y choose so ex place to eat.. eat wad oso d same de ma.. so gal can say oso u ask me to decide de.. now i decide le u say expensive!!! ahahaha mus do sth to show guy oso stingy n sometime oso at fault too all tt ma.. if not all ur trailers is say gal fault de.. haha my idea good ma??
hi jiahui ..will u be there at bt panjang plaza this sat?
I like the ANYTHING & WHATEVER...
cos 99.99% gals r like tt...
get well soon!
super love the song you sang with chongqing!
Milo peng's song "泪" super nice!!
yo jiahui!
glad ya had fun hosting mlb's autograph sessions. think you'll remember me by now, the one who said she (i?) reached j8 at 9am las week. hahas... :P
see ya on sat ya? :)
hi jia hui i like your laughing when u r on air
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My birthday is coming up, and as a gift to myself, I want to spend a pretty good chunk of time in the kitchen baking something scrumptious and maaaaybe even a bit out of my league. I'm no stranger to cakes or breads, but I'm not a professional pastry chef, either. When you want to spend a long time baking--something more laborious than simple cookies or a sheet cake--what do you make? I'm open for all sorts of suggestions; anything I don't make soon, I'll probably make later anyway! Thanks!
Brioche (any good recipe, but I like Julia Child's)...which, of course, can be made plain or fancy, filled, oe served with luscious jams and coffee.
Schwarzvalder kirschtorte...aka
Black Forest Cake (chocolater sponge layer cake with 2 kinds of cherries and 2 flavors of whipped cream. Oh, and did I mention the chocolate or the eau-de-vie? My go-to recipe is from CIA (not Langley; the one on the Hudson), I believe by Chef Albert Kumin.
Ooh, a Black Forest Cake. I bet that'd be a big hit with my friends too.
Also: CIA/CIA gets me every time; I swear I always do a double-take when I read that a baker or chef was trained at the CIA...
kouigns amann. i've made the recipe from the Baking Bible by Rose Levy Beranbaum, and it is fantastic. Yosi Arefi posted a recipe here: https://food52.com/recipes...
Actually, any of Beranbaum's recipes are likely to take up a large chunk of the day, and can be counted on to be informative.
Oh man, do I love a good kouign amann. And the number of GOOD ones I've had has been lower than the overall intake. What a wonderful idea, thank you for the link.
Paris-Brest, a real showstopper and a bit of a stretch for many experienced home bakers. I use Alice Medrich's rice flour pastry cream and for the rest, the recipe from Cook's Illustrated, substituting almonds for hazelnuts because we just like them better. I seriously raised the bar for Christmas desserts, making one a few years ago.
If you need the Cook's Illustrated recipe, please send me a private message via my profile. I cannot post it due to copyright ownership, but I can share it individually, as that is "fair use."
Here are more details, though not the recipe I use: http://www.joyofbaking.com/ParisBrest.html
Cheers, and happy baking, and birthday! And what a lovely gift to yourself.
AJ ;o)
Oh that looks lovely! I've never had Paris-Brest before but I've heard it's absolutely to die for.
Antonia, I was about to say the same thing. I learned it a few years ago from the fabulous Lucy Vanel at Plum Lyon school in Lyon, France. My recipe is here: https://food52.com/recipes...
Croissants or bagels? Food52 has good articles and recipes for both of them. Or if you want to go the birthday cake route, I, after encouragement from a Hotline question, had my first adventure with rolled fondant this year. It was definitely a special project. Happy birthday!
I've never even considered making my own bagels! I love bagels and probably only have them a few times a year as fuel for long races; making them myself would bring them out of the "very occasional indulgence" realm a bit more toward "less occasional indulgence." This is an adventure worth pursuing. :D thank you!
I've never even considered making my own bagels! I love bagels and probably only have them a few times a year as fuel for long races; making them myself would bring them out of the "very occasional indulgence" realm a bit more toward "less occasional indulgence." This is an adventure worth pursuing. :D thank you!
Chocolate Babka! Takes some time but it is SO worth it😋
It's actually on my to-do list after seeing a recipe for it here. I've never had babka before... it looks amazing.
Dobos Torta, a classic Hungarian cake and first choice for birthday cake in our family. It's 7 layers of sponge cake layered with a chocolate custard buttercream, and optionally topped with a thin layer of caramelized sugar. And it freezes well!
I would also be tempted to make any kind of Austro-Hungarian Torte that catches my attention. Birthdays are all about the cake!
Let us know what you decide to do...
Here's something else I've never heard of, it sounds lovely. I'm off to check it out! Thank you for the suggestion! Everyone's ideas here have been so amazing that I now have a huge list--I'm probably going to end up making all of these at some point or another throughout the year! Oh man, are my coworkers going to love/hate me.
That is my ideal Dobosh is the culinary masterpiece and a torte worth spending the entire day in the kitchen My grandmother did 12 layers!
I have been wanting to make Pattiserie-type mousse cake, the ones that has many different layers annd filling, and so artistically decorated, like http://freshnewengland.com/fresh/2009/11/elegant-cranberry-and-white-chocolate-gateau.html , http://seelenschmeichelei.de/espresso-mousse-cake-mit-mirror-glaze/ , https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/94/d4/21/94d42124abc07e6c7c35df153c18b7b3.jpg , http://the-wandering-girl.blogspot.fr/2012/03/entremet-au-matcha-et-sesame-noir.html , http://antoinette.com.sg/products-wholecake.html , http://www.prettytastycakes.com/2008/05/28/opera-cake-with-apricot-mousse-and-pistachio-buttercream/ , http://chloedelice.blogspot.fr/2014/08/entremets-mangue-passion-insert.html .
Anything laminated. If I want to get my hands into something, put a good bit of elbow grease into it and get something really magical afterwards, I make croissants or puff pastry or danish dough....and if its not yeasted, I make a bunch of it. A few times a year I'll just make a few pads of puff and keep it frozen. SO versatile and so worth it. With it you can make mille feuille, fruit danish/tarts, pot pies, hand pies, turnovers, kouign amann, cheesey turney straw things, etc. That's my zen.
Since its your birthday, you could build on the puff a little more and make St. Honore which brings together a few technique-driven applications like the puff, pate a choux, caramel, creme chiboust, etc. Get the piping tips out, make spun sugar or ganache or praline and just bake and decorate your little heart out. Its fun, involved and really makes an impact.
St. Honore is something I've never heard of! These are great ideas. I've never made my own laminated doughs before and it would be such a delicious challenge.
I'll post some of my recipes for puff and pate a choux just in case you decide to use them at any point.
I'll post some of my recipes for puff and pate a choux just in case you decide to use them at any point.
Happy early birthday! Here are a few ideas from around the site:
Babka! Bagels! Homemade puff pastry!
It's not as fancy as some of these other suggestions, but I love to make challah when I have a little bit of time. I use the recipe in Smitten Kitchen's cookbook (https://smittenkitchen...) and it is so beautiful when it comes out of the oven. I would love to tackle croissants one day but need to have somewhere to bring them :)
I've been getting more and more into baking bread lately, but never made challah, and the recipe you linked also looks like something my husband would just kill for (any bread with sea salt on top is a winner for him). Thanks!
In addition to more-or-less basic challah (like the one linked), there are others wirh anise (Joan Nathan), Sephardic with while spices (Uri Scheft), Peshwari (with coconut, raysin, nuts and Indian spices), chocolate (which overlaps with babka).
Not to mention a James Beard recipe for chalkahvmadecwith mashed potatoes.
If you're interested, I can provide links.
Cookies were hardly the first thing I thought of when I saw this question, but I recently passed a good hunk of a cold day making Ischler cookies. I used Maida Heatter's dough recipe- she does it by hand, starting by blanching a couple of cups of almonds- the dough is similar to a Linzer dough (note- Heatter says to roll to 1'4", which is too thick). For filling I made a Lekhvar from a recipe (Polish Christmas Cookies, from this site)- after making the cookies and putting them together (it's a sandwich cookie) and half the sandwich is dipped in chocolate- all of this takes quite a bit of time (and makes a considerable mess). Then, you should have enough of the Lekhvar left over to make a load of Rugelach in the afternoon (both of these doughs need refrigeration). Rose Levy Beranbaum (who needs a shorter name- Rosie B.?) also has aan Ischler cookie recipe that's pretty good- and a bit different- but I like this one.
Macarons! When we were snowed/iced in over the last week I made 5 batches trying to perfect my method. My freezer is filled with yummy cookies. I really didn't need cookies after the holidays but when you're stuck inside...


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Deal of the Day – Foxconn nT-A3500 Ultra SFF HTPC
Peter Donnell / 7 years ago
Today's deal of the day is this fantastic little HTPC, fitted with a dual core AMD proccesor, DX11 Radeon HD 6310 graphics and support for upto 4GB of ram make this little computer perfect for a media extender, or extra workstation within your office or home network, perfect for a host of media appplications, web browsing and more, plus is super cheap, just remember it doesn't come fitted with a hard drive, you need to buy that separate.
- w/ FREE External DVD Writer
- Thin and light design
- Ultra-thin chassis design
- Low-power Consumption
- Environmental protection awareness manufacturing: Chassis using a vacuum sputtering technology and Radiation Protection of professional design
Main Features:
- Thin and light design: Ultra-thin chassis design
- Easy installation
- Low-power Consumption: Low power
- Environmental protection awareness manufacturing: Chassis using a vacuum sputtering technology and Radiation protection of professional design
- Power Adaptor: 19V, 3.42A
- Processor AMD E350 Zacate Dual core 1.60GHz
- Chipset AMD Hudson D1
- Memory 1x SO-DIMM Socket
- Support DDR3 1066 up to 4GB
- Graphic AMD Radeon HD 6310 (DirectX 11)
- HDD 1x 2.5 SATA II 3Gb/s
- ODD NetDVD-Slim External DVD Writer (included)
- Front IO 1x SD/SDHC/MS/MS Pro/MMC 5 in 1 Card Reader
- 2x USB 3.0
- 1x Mic in (support S/PDIF-IN)
- 1x Headphone
- Rear IO 1x RJ-45 (10Base-T/100Base-T/1000Base-T)
- 4x USB 2.0
- 1x Line-out jack.(support S/PDIF-OUT)
- 1x HDMI
- 1x DVI
- 1x DC in
- WiFi IEEE 802.11b/g/n up to 300Mbps
- LED indicator Power on/off
- Dimension (estimated) 190(W) x 135(D) x 25(H)mm
- Weight (estimated) 450g
- Accessories Driver DVD, User Manual, Power Adapter, Power Cord, VESA Mount Bracket
- Seat Base
- Certification CE, FCC, CCC, UL, R & TTE, RoHS
- Will Accept DDR3 1333mhz, But Will Only Run At 1066mhz Speed
- Warranty Information: Warranty Period (yrs) 2


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Lavish and Lime: 40% off Sale Shop, 15% off Glass Water Bottles Coupon Codes
Lavish & Lime is having a wonderful 40% off their sale shop, with summer items just added to it!
Just use this coupon:
- Discount: 40% off sale items
- Coupon Code: SAVE40
- Expires: Monday, August 23, Midnight.
They added these really cool Kid's Insulated lunch Bags (like the tiger, panda, and rabbit) and Adjustable Kid's Summer Hats... that grow with your kid!
If you aren't interested in their sale items, you might want to check out their famous glass water bottles (I have one)! With the following coupon you can get 15% off plus a free gift!
- Discout: 15% off plus free gift of 'on-the-go hand sanitizing wipes from CleanWell'
- Coupon Code: SWEETSPOT
- Expires: Wednesday, August 25 at 11:59 pm (EST)
Both two decent offers from Lavish & Lime. Unfortunately, you cannot use both coupons in the same order online. If you want to get by that, maybe try phoning customer service.. I have had excellent service from them before!
Free pick-up in Metro Vancouver.