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FAITH IN THE CITY. A Call for Action by Church and Nation. The Report of the Arch bishop of Canterbury's Commission on Urban Priority Areas
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1 FAITH IN THE CITY A Call for Action by Church and Nation The Report of the Arch bishop of Canterbury's Commission on Urban Priority Areas CHURCH HOUSE PUBLISHING Church House, Dean's Yard, London SWlP 3NZ
2 ISBN Published 1985 for the General Svnod of the Church of England by Church House The Crt~tral Board of' Finance oj the Clzurdl of^ Etlgl'zt~d 1985 This publication may not be reproduced either in whole or in part whether for sale or otherwise by any method without written permission which should be sought from the Legal Adviser to the General Synod, Church House, ~ean's Yard, London SWlP 3NZ. Printed in England in 12/12 Bembo by,,,e l.% LondonSE192TA
3 PREFACE To the Most Reverend and Rrght Hon. R.A.K. Runcie MC, DD, the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury: Your Grace, We were appointed in July 1983 with the following terms of reference: 'To examine the strengths, insights, problems and needs of the Church's life and mission in Urban Priority Areas* and, as a result, to reflect on the challenge which God may be making to Church and Nation: and to make recommendations to appropriate bodies.' (*'The term Urban Priority Areas is used to include inner city districts and many large Corporation estates and other areas of social deprivation'.) We must first record with sorrow the death of our colleague Sir Wilfred Burns in January He made a significant contribution to the work of the Commission in its early months. We were not established as an ecumenical body as such, although two of us are not Anglicans. We have however paid close attention to the ecumenical dimension to the Church of England's ministry in the cities, and have received full co-operation in our work from the Roman Catholic Church, the Free Churches, the British Council of Churches, and from independent Black-led Churches. We have held 17 Commission meetings, 5 of them residential weekends. In these meetings, we have attempted to address the total picture - the religious and secular dimensions - of contemporary urban life. We undertook much of our work in Sub-Groups, each of which examined particular issues. This meant that individual members of the Commission have concentrated more on some subjects than others. Seventy Sub-Group meetings were held in the course of our work. Our investigations have been greatly helped by the large number of written submissions we have received in evidence. Those who submitted written evidence to us are listed in Appendix F. We thank them
4 We also undertook a series of visits as a Commission to particular areas in our major cities designated by the Department of the Environment for particular assistance from the Government's Urban Programme. During the course of 1984 xve spent five weekends in the Dioceses of Liverpool, Newcastle and Durham, the Stepney Area of London, Birmingham, Lichfield and Coventry, and Manchester. On each of these visits, we held open public meetings (usually in about five or six scattered locations) to listen carefully to the views of local residents, Church people and others. Sub-Groups of the Commission have also paid visits to other towns and cities to pursue particular issues. A full list of the places we visited is at Appendix G. We wish to thank those who assisted us in our work: in particular Canon John Atherton, Mr Michael Eastman, Prebendary John Gladwin, Mr Graham Howes, Canon Eric James and Mr John Chilvers (who was seconded from the Bank of England to assist us on financial and staffing matters). Our thanks are also due to Dr Hugh McLeod and Mr Roy McCloughry who prepared context papers for the Commission, to Dr Grace Davie who undertook research work for us on the nature ofbelief in the urban priority areas, to Mr Gordon Heald and Mrs Rachel Rhodes of Social Surveys (Gallup Poll) Ltd for their help in mounting a survey of clergy, and to Dr Janet Birkett who took on the task of cataloguing the Commission's papers. We are particularly grateful to Miss Nikki Stacey for undertaking the formidable task of typing our report with cheerful competence. We also owe thanks to those dioceses who made comprehensive arrangements for our field visits with thoroughness and generosity. We owe a particular debt of gratitude to our Secretary, Mr John Pearson, who was seconded to us for two years from the Department of the Environment. His contribution to the Commission's work has been beyond praise. His tireless work, his meticulous drafting and his understanding of the issues have all been of the highest order. Our greatest debt is to the people we met in the urban priority areas, who gave us their time, hospitality and honest opinions. We hope that this report, and the action taken on it by the Church of England and other bodies, will do them justice. We welcome Your Grace's appointment of the Reverend Patrick Dearnley as 'Archbishop's Officer for the Urban Priority Areas', to follow up our findings within the Church of England, and with other denominations and appropriate secular bodies. Our Report is unanimous. 30th September 1985
5 MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSION Sir Richard O'Brien (Chairman) The Right Reverend David Sheppard (Bishop of ~iverpool) The Right Reverend Wilfred Wood (Bishop of croydon) The Reverend Alan Billings (vicar of St Mary's, Walkley, ~heffield and Deputy Leader, Sheffield City Council) David Booth (Executive Director, BICC ~lc) John Burn (Headmaster of Longbenton High School, North Tpeside) The Reverend Andrew Hake (Social Development Officer, Borough of Thamesdown) Professor A.H. Halsey (Director of Barnett House and Fellow of Nuffield College, Oxford) The Reverend Dr Anthon Harvey (Canon of Westminster 7 Ron Keating (Assistant General Secretary, National Union of Public Employees) Ruth McCurry (Teacher in Hackney; Clergy wife) Professor R.E. Pahl (Research Professor in Sociology, University of Kent at Canterbury) Professor John F. Pickering (Professor of Industrial Economics, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology)
6 Robina Rafferty (Assistant Director, Catholic Housing h d Society) The Reverend Mano Rumalshah (Priest-in-charge, St George's, Southall) Linbert Spencer (Chief Executive, Project Fullemploy) Mary Sugden (Principal, National Institute for Social Work) The Reverend Barry Thorley (Vicar of St at thew's, ~rixton) Resource Bodies and Advisers The Boards and Councils of the General Synod (represented by the Reverend Prebendary John Gladwin) Christian Action (represented by the Reverend Canon Eric James) The Evangelical Coalition for Urban Mission (represented by Michael Eastman) The William Temple Foundation (represented by the Reverend Canon John Atherton) John Chilvers Graham Howes Secretary J.N. Pearson
7 Preface Introduction CONTENTS PART 1 THE CHALLENGE... Chapter 1 Urban Priority Areas The Structure of Inequality Economic Decline Physical Decay Social Disintegration Two Nations Recreated? Conclusion Chapter 2 Church and City Historical Perspectives Urban Ministry Today: A Survey of Clergy Other Churches The Christian Presence in UPAs - An Illustrative Comparison Chapter 3 Theological Priorities What is the Place of Theology in Our Argument? To Whom is the Gospel Addressed? The Tradition of Christian Social Thought Intermediate Action The Gospel and Other Faiths The Challenge to Theology Responses to the Challenge Theology in UPAs PART I1... TO THE CHURCH Chapter 4 What Kind of Church? A Local Church An Oum-ard-Looking Church Page xiii
8 A Participating Church Chapter 5 Organising the Church Identifying UPA Parishes Deployment of Clergy Adequacy of Staffing in UPAs Parish and Deanery Developing the Parochial System The Church and Minority Ethnic Groups The Wider Church Main Recommendations Chapter 6 Developing the People of God The Development of the Laity A Church Leadership Development Programme Non- Clerical Stipendiary Workers The Promotion of a Local Non-Stipendiary Ministry Clergy Training Clergy Support Worship Children and Young People Main Recommendations Chapter 7 Supporting a Participating Church Church Buildings: Sharing and Adaptation The Control and Care of Church Buildings The Sale of Church Buildings Financing the UPA Church: Current Giving by Church Members The Effects of Diocesan Quota Schemes The Equitable Distribution of Historic Resources The Efficient Management of Historic Resources A Church Urban Fund Main Recommendations PART I11... AND THE NATION Chapter 8 Urban Policy Public Policy and the Inner City: a Brief History The Situation Today People or Places? Outer Estates Public Resources
9 Promoting Partnership Encouraging Enterprise Confidence Main Recommendations Chapter 9 Poverty, Employment and Work Poverty in UPAs The Impact of Unemployment Is Wealth Creation the Answer? No Alternative? What Might Be Done: Increasing the Demand for Labour Work Sharing and Overtime The Manpower Services Commission Income Support Work not Employment? Main Recommendations Chapter 10 Housing Choice and Mobility: Homelessness Who Suffers? The Physical Condition of the Housing Stock Housing Policy: The Private Rented Sector Owner- Occupation Council House Sales Public Rented Housing Privatization The Voluntary Housing Movement Public Housing - The Way Forward Housing Finance Relationship between Fiscal and Income Maintenance Systems The ChurcK s Response Conclusion Main Recommendations Chapter 11 Health Mortality and Morbidity in Urban Priority Areas Health Needs and the Health Service The Use of Services Health and the Environment
10 Chapter 12 Social Care and Community Work 272 Social Care: 272 Social Services Departments 274 Voluntary Bodies 276 The Church's Social Work 277 Conclusion 280 Community Work: 281 What is Community Work? 253 The Church and Community Work 288 Main Recommendations 290 Chapter 13 Education and Young People 293 Education: 293 Youth Unemployment 294 Resources 296 Population Factors 297 The Pressures on Teachers: 298 Training 299 Support 300 Minority Ethnic Groups and Educational Opportunities 302 Affirmative Action 308 Further Education 311 Opportunities for the Church of England 312 Youth Work: 315 The Youth Service 318 The Role of the Church 321 Main Recommendations 323 Chapter 14 Order and Law 325 Introduction 325 Crime in the UPAs 329 Why this Pattern of Crime in UPAs? 332 The Maintenance of Order 337 Community-Based Crime Prevention 339 Victim Support in the Inner City 342 Reparation, Conciliation and Mediation 343 Law Centres 344 Policing in UPAs 347 Prisons, Prisoners and their Dependents 352 Main Recommendations 354
11 PART IV CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS Chapter 15 Conclusion Summary of Main Recommendations APPENDICES Appendix A - An Audit for the Local Church Appendix B - Statistical Data Relating to the Designation of UPA Parishes and to Clergy Deployment Appendix C - World Council of Churches - Electoral Arrangements Appendix D - Sources of Clergy Support Appendix E - Employment by Industry Group Appendix F - Written Evidence Received Appendix G - Towns and Cities Visited
13 INTRODUCTION A serious situation has developed in the major cities of th~s country. This was recognised in the 1977 White Paper, 'Policy for the Inner Cities', and has been re-affirmed by senior ministers of successive governments. A number of central government measures has been taken in response. But the 1981 Census, and other official published statistics, show clearly that even if such measures are still being maintained or have not been reduced they have had little effect: things have worsened rather than improved since All the signs are that, by a vicious circle of causes and effects, the decline of the quality of Pfe in what hare been designated as 'Urban Priority Areas 1s continuing, as the collapse of the West Midlands' industrial base clearly illustrates. This is not a new situation: there have been other occasions in the last two hundred years when urban poverty has presented an acute challenge to society. But the recent dramatic reduction and redistribution of employment in the manufacturing industries around which so many of our great cities were built, and the decentralization of the new and growing industries to smaller towns and even rural areas, have speeded the process of decay in parts of once-flourishing industrial cities to an unprecedented degree. This observation does not depend on any particular theoretical or political stance. The social, political and economic factors can be described and analysed in many different ways; different sets of indicators can be used to identify poverty and deprivation. But whatever method or framework is used to establish and to present the facts, the same message of acute human misery is received. It was in the light of the apparent gravity of this situation that the Archbishop of Canterbury in 1983 set up his Commission on Urban Priority Areas (henceforward UPAs). Our primary task was to report on the Church in these areas, which is undoubtedly having to meet challenges and difficulties, and to respond to social changes (such as the arrival in our cities of large numbers of adherents of other faiths), that are unprecedented in the history of the Church of England. But our Terms of Reference also authorized us to make our own independent... Xlll
14 FAITH IN THE CITY enquiry into the social and economic conditions which characterize the areas in which these churches are set. The Church does not have particular competence or a distinguished record in proposing social reforms: but the Church of England has a presence in all the UPAs, and a responsibility to bring their needs to the attention of the nation. If our Report has a distinctive stance, it arises {ram our determination to investigate the urban situation by bringing to bear upon it those basic Christian principles of justice and compassion which we believe we share with the great majority of the people of Britain. We decided at the outset that we must spend some time in the UPAs to see for ourselves the human reality behind the official statistics. In the course of a series of visits we saw something of the physical conditions under which people in the UPAs are living, and we listened to their own accounts and experiences at open public meetings and in smaller invited groups. We also spent many hours with representatives of local government, the police, social workers, the various caring agencies and the local churches themselves. We have to report that we have been deeply disturbed by what we have seen and heard. We have been confronted with the human consequences of unemployment, which in some urban areas may be over 50 per cent of the labour force, and which occasionally reaches a level as high as 80 per cent - consequences which may be compounded by the effects of racial discrimination. We have seen physical decay, whether ofvictorian terraced housing or of inferior system-built blocks of flats, which has in places created an environment so degrading that some people have set fire to their own homes rather than be condemned to living in them indefinitely. Social disintegration has reached a point in some areas that shop windows are boarded up, cars cannot be left on the street, residents are afraid either to go out themselves or to ask others in, and there is a pervading sense of powerlessness and despair. Our own observations and the official statistics tell the same story. Clearly these are symptoms of something seriously wrong in our cities. Physical appearances, and the response of those affected, may vary greatly from place to place; but the underlying factors are the same: unemployment, decayed housing, sub-standard educational and medical provision, and social disintegration. How are these conditions best communicated and understood? They may be described, quite simply, as poverty - 'We have three problems', a Councillor in the North-East told us: 'poverty, poverty and poverty'. Of course this is not poverty, as it is experienced in parts of the Third xiv
15 INTRODUCTION World; people in Britain are not actually starving. But many residents of UPAs are deprived of what the rest of society regard as the essential minimum for a decent life: they live next door to, but have little chance to participate in a relatively affluent society; by any standards theirs is a wretched condition which none of us would wish to tolerate for ourselves or to see inflicted on others. Poverty is at the root ~f~owerlessness. Poor people in IjTAs are at the mercy of fragmented and apparently unresponsive public authorities. They are trapped in housing and in environments over which they have little control. They lack the means and opportunity - which so many of us take for granted - of making choices in their lives. One way of seeking to understand these phenomena is as signs of an evident and apparently increasing inequality in our society. It can of course be said that there will always be inequality, just as there will always be poverty. But there are degrees of inequality, just as there are degrees of poverty. What we have seen exceeds the limits that would be thought acceptable by most of our fellow citizens. Another possible analysis (which we shall make some use of ourselves) is in terms of polarization. It is arguable that rich and poor, suburban and inner city, privileged and deprived, have been becoming more sharply separated from each other for many years, and that the impoverished minority has become increasingly cut off from the main stream of our national life. In addition, there is undoubtedly a geographical dimension to the problem - conditions are worse overall in the north and the midlands than in the south, worse in the nineteenth century industrial cities than in York, Norwich or Bristol. None of these methods of analysis is fully adequate; all are simply aids to understanding, to be discarded if they are found wanting. We have not committed ourselves to any of them, though we have found the concept of 'polarization' particularly useful. Indeed, the academic task of analysis may actually be a distraction from the plain message both of published statistics and of personal observation. It is our considered view that the nation is confronted by a grave andfundamental injustice in the UPAs. The facts are officially recognised, but the situation continues to deteriorate and requires urgent action. No adequate response is being made by government, nation or Church. There is barely even widespread public discussion. Tackling the varied and multiple problems which are seen so starkly concentrated in the UPAs (though they are also found, sometimes in an acute form, in many other parts of this country) must become a priority for Church and State. In the later
16 FAITH IX THE CITY part of our Report we shall spell out this conclusion in as much detail as has been permitted by the time and resources at our disposal. However. we begin by affirming our belief that our cities are still flourishing centres of social, economic, and political life. The danger of drawing attention to their miseries is to invite pessimism about the possibilities for change. On the contrary, we confidently assert that the planned resurgence of the British city is both possible and desirable in the immediate future. Nothing we say in this report should be interpreted as evidence against our firm belief in an urban future of which all citizens may be proud. Happily, we have found grounds for encouragement and hope. We have observed an amazing variety of human responses to conditions of adversity; we have seen courage, resilience and dedicated service; we have encountered local pride and profound human loyalties. The same is true of the Church. Often threatened, often struggling for survival, often alienated from the community it seeks to serve, it is often also intensely alive, proclaiming and witnessing to the Gospel more authentically than in many parts of 'comfortable Britain'. In obedience to our Terms of Reference it is to this Church that we attend first in our Report. But throughout we address what we have to say primarily to the Church of England as a whole, which, like the rest of the nation, seems to show far too little awareness of the acute situation which has developed at our doorstep. We call on Christians throughout this country to listen to the voices of our neighbours who live in the UPAs, to receive the distinctive contribution that they (not least the black people among them) can make to our common life, and to set an example to the nation by making our support of and solidarity with them a high priority in our policies, our actions and our prayers. xvi
19 i Part I The Challenge... In the first part of our Report, our purpose is to describe the urban priority areas. In Chapter 1, we view them primarily from a secular standpoint; in Chapter 2 we then consider the relationship between the Church of England and the city. This second Chapter also contains some major findings from a survey of clergy we commissioned, and the results of a separate review of denominational patterns and ecumenical co-operation in selected areas In Chapter 3 we reflect on the implications of the Christian Gospel for the challenge of the UPAs. This Chapter provides a theological and moral perspective which forms the basis for the recommendations contained in Parts I1 and 111 of our Report.
21 Chapter 1 URBAN PRIORITY AREAS 'lt is dgicult to avoid the conclusion that one is livin in an area that is being... treated with hostility by B the rest of society (Vicar in Greater Manchester) * 1.1 Urban life increasingly dominates human society. In the century of industrial development from 1831 to 1931 the percentage of the British population living in areas classified as urban rose from 34 to 80, and now stands at 90 per cent. The future of humanity, on the projections of experts, seems to be ever more urban. If past trends continue to the year 2000, Mexico City might have 31 million inhabitants, Sao Paulo 26 million, Tokyo 24 million, and New York 23 million. The population of the world, now rather less than 5 billion, may double to over 10 billion in By that time the European Community will constitute less than 5 per cent of the world's population. Human multiplication is mostly beyond Europe in the poorer continents of Asia, Latin America, and Africa, and within these areas the cities are growing at twice the general rate. 1.2 For the world as a whole, in quantitative terms, the urban picture is the opposite of decline. The recent history of the traditional city in Britain, however, is largely one of economic, physical and social decay. London in Victorian times was the leading city of the world: but it had fallen to fourth place in the population league by 1975, and will be below twenty-fifth by the end of the century. People and jobs in the 1960s and 1970s have been decentralized to smaller towns and suburbs. Our view of the city in Britain is derived from the official statistics and from listening to the people we have visited in the urban priority areas: areas from which people and wealth depart and in which poverty and powerlessness remain. Fact and opinion are intermingled in all interpretations. We want to distinguish between quality and quantity, * These quotations In the first three Parts of our report Are taken from the evldence - urltten and oral - that me recelved 3
22 FAITH IK THE CITY assuming that gronth or decline of urban populdtions implies no necessary improvement or deterioration In \\elfare. But in f~ct, though there are exceptions and variations, the dominant pattern is one of districts in and around Brltlsh conurbations and clties where both quantity and quality of life are in decline. These essentially are ~vhat wre shall deiine as the urban priorlty areas ~UPhsj. 1.3 \itre intend to try to discern, and even prescribe for, the future. First, however, we are conscious of historical paradox. The city has always both challenged and threatened. Jeremiah called the people of God in exile 'to seek the welfare of the city' even though the reference was to Babylon with all its connotations of evil. The city in human history is synonymous with civilisation: yet now we investigate it as a point of breakdown of Christian society. Civicism is the name of the principle that all citizens have equal rights and duties: yet urban priority areas are a symbol of contemporary inequality. 1.4 The British city has nurtured freedom, opportunity, democratic government and civic pride. Yet, in our search for an objective description of contemporary urban conditions, we are aware of the strong thread of anti-urban sentiment which runs through British cultural history. In her review of the literature of urban sociology, Ruth Glass pointed out that British antipathy to the city was already known to the ~omans.' By contrast with Continental Europe and even Scotland, English preference for the country seat, as the fount of civility and power, has endured through the centuries. We cannot elaborate these persistent peculiarities here. We must, however, note that there was a re-emphasis of this ancient ambivalence following the rapid growth of towns in the nineteenth century. For example, Charles Dickens, in Bleak House, contrasts the outlook of Sir Leicester Dedlock from his Lincolnshire estate with the view of Jo, the young street sweeper from the East End of London. Sir Leicester gazes from the great drawing room 'down the long perspective of stately oaks, rooted for ages in the green ground which has never known ploughshare...'. Jo inhabits a dilapidated street 'which has bred a crowd of foul existence that crawls in and out of gaps in walls and boards; and coils itself to sleep, in maggot numbers where the rain drips in; and comes and goes, fetching and carrying fever, and sowing more evil in its every footprint than... all the fine gentlemen in office... shall set right in five hundred years - though born expressly to do it.' 1.5 Descriptions like this, of human selfishness, loneliness, squalor and depravity are the stock-in-trade of secular accounts of the British
23 URBAN PRIORITY AREAS lndustrlal city They lnvlte rural remedies. Utoplas and model communities were and bullt by nineteenth-century reformers whose maln strategy $+as to escape the menace of the city. Bournvllle, Saltdlre, and Port Sunlight are monuments to this impulse. Ebenezer Ho\\ ard. the Inventor of the garden city. 1s ~ts patron, Letchworth and the Kew To\vns ~ ts twentieth-century progeny, and the 1994 Liverpool International Garden Festival ~ts most recent baptlsm. 1.6 The Church of England was adapted for a thousand years to agrarian society. %'e cannot therefore be surprised to find the Church as a bearer of rural nostalgia. The explosion of the industrial town in the nineteenth century was a difficult challenge to it from the outset, presenting the city to the Church in ambiguous and often lurid light. An urban working class rapidly coming to numerical domination of the nation was as unfamiliar to Church mission as it was threatening to secular authority. Accordingly the British version of Christianity has shared the secular ambivalence: it carries the same tension between the evil temptation of Sodom and Gomorrah and the wholeness of the City of God, between imprisonment in Babylon and the promise of the New Jerusalem. For example, the title of a book by the Reverend Henry Solly, publisred in 1884, expresses a dilemma of sentiment which has run throughout the subsequent century - Rehousing of the Industrial Classes: or Village Communities versus Town Rookeries. For Solly, many people in the inner city were 'debased or spirit-broken, hapless victims of an un-christian civilisation'. 1.7 Even in the great movements of Christian socialism, municipal reform and university settlements in which Christian action was so powerfully mobilised a hundred years ago, there was an anti-urban, prorural, bias. In effect, the aim of Arnold Toynbee, Samuel Barnett and the founders of Toynbee Hall was to link the classes together and provide a kind of resident gentry in the inner city. No-one could have been more aware of Disraeli's two nations than Canon ~arnett.~ Christian action in those days did not seek economic equality, but it did ardently desire social integration. It had behind it a vision of unity: a socialism of character as contrasted with the individualism of selfishness. The mission of Christians to the city in the 1880s is an invitation to us a hundred years later to answer the same challenge of increasing inequality and social disintegration which our predecessors so clearly saw and so vigorously met. They turned resolutely to what Henrietta Barnett called Practicable Socialism. Today we seek a new vocabulary and a new misslon to express renewed faith in the city.
24 F.%ITH IS THE CITY 1.8 When the Barnetts arrived at St ~ude's in Whitechapel (described bv the then Bishop of London as the Lvorst parish in his diocese 'inhabited mainly by a criminal population, and one which has, I fear, been much corrupted by doles'), they found the church unserved by curate, choir or officials. 'It was empty, dirty, and unwarmed. The schools were closed, the schoolrooms all but devoid of furniture, the parish organization nil; no Mothers' Meeting, no Sunday School, no communicants' class, no library, no guilds, no music, no classes, nothing alive. Around this barren empty shell surged the people, here today, gone tomorrow. Thieves and worse, receivers of stolen goods, hawkers, casual dock labourers, every sort of unskilled low-class cadger congregated in the parish. There was an Irish quarter and a Jews' quarter, while whole streets were given over to the hangers-on of a vicious population, people whose conduct was brutal, whose ideal was idleness, whose habits were disgusting, and among whom goodness was laughed at, the honest man and the right-living woman being scorned as impracticable. '3 1.9 We quote these descriptions not to announce our own prior commitment to any particular programme of action and certainly not to praise or to blame the adherence of some nineteenth-century Christians to the principles of the Charity Organisation Society. Rather we want to make it clear that contemporary description has to be put into an historical context. As Ruth Glass remarked, for the English 'the town was but a station on the journey to social status symbolised by the country seat. It was not, as in other societies, the home of reason and intellect, a symbol of civic pride, but merely a place of new resources for the impoverished landed upper classes, and one where manufacturers and merchants could make money to buy their ticket of admission into the polite circle of the shire^.'^ While we would also wish to recognise the positive urban enthusiasm as well as the rural rejections of our forebears to an extent which Mrs Glass did not acknowledge, our description below of the movement from the cities which continues in the 1980s is sadly but clearly continuous with the attitudes of the past. We shall argue in the end that these trends add up to a pattern warranting the label of polarization in a new, comprehensive and intractable form With or without reluctance, Britain in the twentieth century has been an urban country. The classic logic of industrial development entails urbanization. Britain followed this logic in the nineteenth century so that by 1900 one-tenth of its territory and over three-quarters
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Knapweed (Common) Centaurea nigra
|Green - Least concern
|Best Time to See
|June, July, August, September
|Purple, Red
Also known as "Hardheads" or "Black knapweed", this wild flower is one of our toughest meadow plants.
Knapweed is a firm favourite of our pollinating insects, being a source of good quality nectar. And as well as supporting our bee, butterflies and beetles its seeds provide food for many birds.
Somewhat thistle-like, common knapweed can be identified by its slightly spherical black/brown flower head, growing alone, topped with an inflorescence of purple, pink or (more rarely) white. The bracts are triangular in shape. Its leaves are linear to lance-like in shape with incomplete lobes. Greater knapweed - a close relation - is similar but its flowers are more garish and opulent and its leaves are fully lobed.
Found throughout Britain.
Knapweed is a wild flower of meadows and other grassland habitats from lawns to cliff-tops. It can often be seen on road verges where wildlife is allowed to thriv and also in hedges.
Best time to see
In flower, June to September.
Did you know?
In days gone by eligible young women would play a love-divination game by pulling out the rays and putting the plucked knapweed flower in their blouse. When as-yet unopened florets began to bloom it would tell her the man of her dreams was near. This game to foretell the future of love is also played with Plantago major.
Most of the local names including Bachelor's buttons, Blue bottle and Iron knobs are explained by the hard, knobby heads, the bottle-shaped involucre and the toughness of the plant.
Knapweed was used for ruptures and wounds, bruises, sores, scabs and sore throat, etc.
More meadow wild flowers:

subset: commoncrawl


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We'll begin with the now-unavailable 1992 compilation, Can of Pork, which shows how Lookout, despite its pop-punk reputation, ALWAYS had a diverse array of styles represented in their catalog. This diversity acts as a blessing and a curse in ever-varying proportions throughout the label's discography. Can of Pork brings the ska with Downfall (ex-Op Ivy'ers ), Los Rudiments and The Horny Mormons, the more hardcore sounds of Engage and Jack Acid, quirkier stuff like Pounded Clown and Lizards and even the bands here most often labelled pop-punk, The Mr. T Experience, The Lookouts, The Porcelain Boys, Pinhead Gunpowder et al, don't sound all that much alike. It sure ain't all hella rad but it's all got life in it.
Various Shitz - Can of Pork
1 Bad Trip Pounded Clown 1:54
2 Trinidad Brent's T.V. 1:40
3 A Promise is a Promise Lizards 1:47
4 Evolution Engage 5:30
5 Redneck Woman from Planet Mars Horny Mormons 1:49
6 Gotta Get a Job One Man Running 1:49
7 Kick Me in the Head The Lookouts 2:59
8 Void Anger Means 2:10
9 Piano Song from Hell Krupted Peasant Farmerz 3:41
10 Whiners Preachers That Lie 1:39
11 Sidetrack Porcelain Boys 2:52
12 Hole Drippy Drawers 3:02
13 Noble End Lagwagon 1:40
14 Martians Don't Skank Los Rudiments 2:41
15 The Future Rice 0:14
16 Learning How to Smile Blatz 1:52
17 Parents Are Really Weird Jack Acid 1:39
18 17 Reasons Fifteen 3:45
19 College Town Juke 2:18
20 T-Shirt Commercial Mystery Experience 1:11
21 Berthe Vagrants 5:00
22 Benicia by the Bay Pinhead Gunpowder 1:50
23 North Berkeley Downfall 2:26
24 Break The Wynona Riders 2:47
25 Dysfunction Spitboy 1:44
26 Why Quit Good Grief 2:04
27 Other Day Freefall 3:25
28 Two Sawhorse 3:31
29 Vive La France The Mr. T Experience 1:19
The AMAZING 22 page booklet that is included here, is a gift from the scanner of , Alex who runs a great Tumblr called Knife Ladder, which has posted lots of Lookout-related eye candy.


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Planning Services helps create communities that are lucrative for business and pleasant to live in — now and in the future. Planning Services helps make our existing and future communities to be economically effective for business and pleasant places to live.
The Region of Peel's Planning Services provides comments (official clearance of proposals and required conditions) on Development applications on all new development and redevelopment proposals forwarded to the Region by the 3 area municipalities: City of Mississauga, City of Brampton, and Town of Caledon.
Quick Facts provides information, statistics, maps and resources about Peel, Peel's municipalities and the GTA.
Transportation strategies promote effective goods movement and commuting options to employers and employees (such as carpooling, cycling and transit).
Starting or making major changes to a business in Peel? Visit BizPal to see which business permits or licenses you'll need.
Development Applications
More Information
Quick Facts
More Information
Environmental Assessments
More Information
Goods Movement
More Information
Street Names & Guidelines
More Information
Starting a Business in Peel
More Information
Revised: Tuesday August 21 2018


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PlotCarole Ledoux (Catherine Deneuve) is a young Belgian manicurist who lives in Kensington, London, with her sister Helen (Yvonne Furneaux). Carol seems shy and interacts with men awkwardly. When Helen leaves on a holiday to Italy with her married boyfriend, Michael (Ian Hendry), Carol acts distracted at work, refuses to leave her apartment, leaves a raw, skinned rabbit out to rot, and sees hallucinations, first of the walls cracking, then reaching out with hands to grab and attack her, and finally of a man breaking in and raping her.
When Colin (John Fraser), a would-be suitor whom she has rejected, breaks into the flat, she bludgeons him to death with a candlestick and dumps the body into the overflowing bath. Later, the landlord (Patrick Wymark) arrives for the late rent. Carol pays him and at first just sits on the sofa, staring into space, as he remarks on the state of the apartment and gives her water to drink. But when he tries to force himself on her, she slashes him to death with a straight razor.
When Helen returns, she discovers the dead men's bodies and finds Carol hidden under her bed. Carol appears catatonic. As neighbours arrive and call for help, the camera slowly pans to a family photograph on the mantel, zooming in on Carol's face as a child. Her eyes are riveted to the man next to her, and she appears to be afraid of him.
- Catherine Deneuve as Carole Ledoux
- Yvonne Furneaux as Hélène/Helen Ledoux
- Ian Hendry as Michael
- John Fraser as Colin
- Patrick Wymark as Landlord
- Renee Houston as Miss Balch
- Valerie Taylor as Madame Denise
- James Villiers as John
- Helen Fraser as Bridget
- Hugh Futcher as Reggie
- Monica Merlin as Mrs. Rendlesham
- Imogen Graham as Manicurist
- Mike Pratt as Workman
ImageryRepulsion is the first of Polanski's "apartment trilogy" (the other two being Rosemary's Baby and The Tenant (Le Locataire)).
The film is shot in black and white, increasingly adopting the perspective of its protagonist. The dream sequences are particularly intense.
Awards and receptionAt the 15th Berlin International Film Festival in 1965, Repulsion won both the FIPRESCI Prize and the Silver Berlin Bear-Extraordinary Jury Prize. The film paved the way for Polanski's entry into the cinemas of Western Europe and drew attention to Catherine Deneuve with her performance.
The film currently holds 100% on Rotten Tomatoes and it is widely considered as a classic of the psychological thriller genre.
Similar works
- Rosemary's Baby (1968), by Roman Polanski
- The Tenant - (Le Locataire) (1976), by Roman Polanski
- π (1998), by Darren Aronofsky, alludes to the film, and Aronofsky's Black Swan (2010) certainly contains thematic allusions to it.
- May (2002), by Lucky McKee, was heavily influenced by the film, and has a similar motif of the protagonist's apartment mirroring her mental state.
- Scissors (1991), by Frank De Felitta and starring Sharon Stone as a paranoid woman trapped in a mysterious apartment.
- Music videos for The Cardigans' "Hanging Around" and Metric's "Monster Hospital" were directly inspired by the film.


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Special observers' team to reach city today
With an aim to ensure free and fair elections, the Election Commission (EC) has decided to deploy special observers in the state to assess the law and order situation ahead of the election.
The teams will arrive in the city on Friday. Special observers dividing themselves in 5 teams will visit various districts in the State to monitor the law and order situation especially in the bordering districts and the Left Wing Extremism (LWE) divisions.
According to the sources in the Commission, the team of the special observers headed by the Chief Electoral Officers from the states like Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Chhattisgarh and Punjab will visit all the districts and talk to the police or administrative officials in the districts. The five teams of the special observers will visit various places from March 18 to March 22 and then will submit a report to the Election Commission on March 23 on the basis of the their observations.
The special observer who will be in the charge of North and South 24 Parganas and Kolkata will be from Karnataka, while Purulia, Bankura, Burdwan and Birbhum will get the special observer from Himachal Pradesh. Malda and North & South Dinajpur will have an officer from Chhattisgarh. North Bengal districts like Cooch Behar, Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling will have a special election observer from Mizoram.
It may mentioned that a Senior Election official in the state on Wednesday said that three categories of observers—general observers, expenditure observers and police observers will be in the state to monitor the situation. The Commission had announced that 193 general observers, 66 expenditure observers and 21 police observers in the state.


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This full bodied 3" (7.5cm) Bullion fringe is a traditional fringe perfect for edging curtains, cushions, throws and valances.
Sold in 27 Yard Packages (27 Yards = 81 Ft / 25 Meters) Also available by the Yard and in smaller retail Packs
Established in 2002, DecoPro, Parent company of TrimDepot.com is a manufacturer of:
We service Decorators, Designers, Retailers, Manufacturers, and End Users.
Quality and customer satisfaction is our top priority.
DecoPro, Inc.
300 E Godfrey Ave.
Door# 3 Unit: C,
Philadelphia, PA, 19120, United States
Email: email@example.com
Toll Free: 1-800-TrimDepot (874-6337)
International: +1-215-745-2223


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Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
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Fundamentals of Nursing
|Nursing Theories - 1
|Nursing Theories - 2
|Supposition or system of ideas that is proposed to explain a given phenomenon.
|Building blocks of theories
|Practice Discipline
|used for fields of study in which the central focus is performance of a professional role.
|Conceptual Framework/Model or Grand Theories
|Group of related ideas, statements or concepts
|Pattern of of shared understandings and assumptions about reality and the world.
|Midlevel Theories
|Focuses on exploration of concepts such as pain, self-esteem, learning and hardiness.
|Critical Theories
|Used in academia to describe theories that help elucidate how social structures affect a wide variety of human experiences from art to social practices. In nursing, it helps explain how these structures as race, gender, etc., affect patient health
|A belief system, often an early effort to define nursing phenomena and serves as the basis of later theoretical formulations.
|Metaparadigm for Nursing (Major Concepts)
|Person or client, Environment, Health & Nursing
|Person or client
|recipient of nursing care (includes individuals, families, groups and communities).
|the internal and external surroundings that affect the client. This includes people in the physical environment, such as families, friends and significant others.
|the degree of wellness or well-being that the client experiences.
|the attributes, characteristics, and actions of the nurse providing care on behalf of, or in conjunction with, the client.
|Florence Nightingale
|Environmental Theory
|Environmental Theory
|Pure air, water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, sunlight
|Hildegard Peplau
|Interpersonal relations model
|Interpersonal Relations Model
|Orientation, Identification, Exploitation, Resolution
|Virginia Henderson
|Fourteen fundamental needs
|Martha Rogers
|Unitary Human Beings. Non-contact therapeutic touch
|Unitary Man
|Irreducible, Interacts continuously, Behaves in totality, Sentient being
|Dorothea Orem
|Self-care, Self-care deficit, Nursing Systems
|Imogene King
|Goal Attainment Theory
|Betty Newman
|Sytem's Model
|Sister Callista Roy
|Adaptation Model
|Madeleine Leininger
|Cultural Care Diversity and Universality Theory
|Jean Watson
|Caring Theory
|Human Becoming Theory
Created by: deesee


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Excitement is building, there's a crescendo round the corner! Called the tree in and every morning the children find a decoration in a pocket of the advent calendar to hang from it's green boughs.
Bunting success: I'd like to make more I doubt I'll get around to it as there are so many other things I want to/need to make
And crafting got so much more exciting when I discovered a new Hobby Craft megastore in town yesterday!
Called the holly in, the children made a den complete with campfire under this fir tree whilst I gathered it.
And isn't it bliss when every day is a bake off?!
I can feel the seasonal glutony starting already, but not sure I care, I'm dreaming of feasts, wines and cheese ... mmmm cheese.
Sentimentally I'm loving that my children sit spellbound at the echoes of my own childhood - classics - The Snowman and Father Christmas short movies by Raymond Briggs are in constant rotation now. As my sister says - just to make sure they don't forget it's gonna be Christmas soon. That song sends shivers down my spine and I hark back to the festive butterflies I used to have flitting about inside as a little girl. I watch the smile creeping over Zanders face as Walking In The Air begins to play, he assured me he likes 'that one' best. I see that classical music calls to him, it appeals to something deep inside - he's shown interest in the score, rather than the soundtrack, from the star wars films he loves as well. So I dug out my CD of ballet suites as an experiment and you know what? calm settled upon a nearly chaotic household.
There is always Yin to the Yang in life though and indeed the season is no exception. Alas, I have two poorly poppets at home on the couch snuggled in blankets, clutching hot water bottles with hacking coughs and temperatures - watching endless movies, which I'm cool with under the circumstances. I'm smiling inwardly at the luxury of no longer working daytime's, knowing they can stay home as long as is needed without me having that niggle in the back of my mind that people in the office would rather I was at work or the fact they'll be taking it all out of my annual leave. This was one major reason for giving a night job a go and already it's paying off in this respect.
Illness, though undesirable, always makes a mama feel so needed especially as the children grow and start to exist more independent on a daily basis. I like that feeling of really being needed by them. That sense that only endless cuddles from mama can make some things better and with all these extra cuddles and snuggles we reconnect and bond some more, the oxytocin gets pumping round my bloodstream again. It gives me a chance to flex my self healing muscles too so I knocked up a batch of cranberry cough linctus first thing to sooth those scratchy throats ...
Cranberry & Honey cough syrup
250g Cranberrys
150g Honey
1 Orange sliced
Good handful of fresh thyme
5 dessert spoons of demerera sugar
Echinacea if you have any to hand.
Put cranberries, honey, orange and thyme into a saucepan and just cover with water. Simmer for half an hour then strain into a measuring jug through a muslin cloth then add the sugar and 4ml echinacea tincture. Stir until the sugar has melted, leave to cool then pour into a sterilised bottle. It will keep for several days in the fridge. I let them drink a little warm from a glass, it's nicer than having it cold off a spoon.
And about half an hour ago they requested a bowl of frozen peas to snack on, which isn't unheard of but I made a note to self that neither of them has coughed since. They are obviously well in tune with their own bodies and instincts. What clever little poppets using frozen peas to numb their hurty throats.
I had to give myself brownie points too when I came home bearing two comics full of Christmas crafts and activities in the afternoon. Seriously, mama did good - they were content and enthusiastic for hours despite their illness and Zanders comic gave me the chance to home school some. We counted, spelt, practised writing, matched shapes and recognised numbers. And it turns out he can actually really read already - not simply recognise letters - he see's words printed on a page and says 'Mummy - that says big' clever little poppet!
I love it when my table looks like this.
More winter heart warmers ....
Eating mince pie's the way the Somerset branch of our family eat them ... take the tops off and add as much clotted cream as you possibly can, replace top and scoff. Calorific but the only way to eat them if you ask me ... literally the only way Cliff will eat them!
Paper chains...
Watching Zander peel all the potatoes for our roast this weekend, persevering with the awkward technique of a peeler in small hands...
Making winter wands out of Ash collected at Samhain.
Overspending in the continental deli and subsequently over scoffing Panettone and Panforte mostly all by myself, yum!
This cheeky little poppet scoffing popcorn as I strung it with cranberries...
Working with crystals.
The sumptuous full moon of last weekend coming up on the horizon; she looked so near, her light such a soft ivory that I wanted to reach out and pluck her from the sky.
These winter colours in the country park...
And mostly I am excited planning gatherings for the next couple of weeks.
I'm a bit disappointed in myself because in the chaos of adjusting to working nights and inevitable festive preparations my daily meditation practise has totally slipped. I play the CD with good intentions most nights but fall asleep just minutes in. I want to get back on top of it, I miss it and I feel I owe it to myself, my family and those that taught me. I know being disappointed in myself is a judgement and I was taught that judgements are not helpful, they are the second dart.
With many things on that never ending to do list that I've ignored so far this evening, I say sweet dreams as I try and move them on to my ta-da list! x x x


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Sign the Pledge
Sign Now! Take a stand against cheap imports! Help us reach 10,000,000 signatures
Our goals are simple: We want to send a Strong Message to US Manufacturers that Americans want products Made in the USA! We want to help create jobs in the United States by increasing the demand for Made in the … Continue reading


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Tuesday, January 17, 2012
Sending Warm Fuzzies
I am currently taking the Clean & Simple Card Making Class and am REALLY enjoying learning how to make the most of clean and simple cards. My favorite kind of cards to make are clean and simple cards, but sometimes I feel like they look too simple or "boring". . .especially when I see so many gorgeous cards that have lots of layers and lots of embellishments. I love those cards, but my brain works better with the clean and simple! LOL
For this card, I punched the tree using an EK Success punch and mounted some patterned paper on the inside of the card with foam adhesive. I white embossed the Hero Arts sentiment onto dark brown cardstock and adhered it across the bottom of the card. The finishing touches were score lines on the left side and top of the card, and some irridescent bling scattered around the tree.
Thanks for stopping by! Hope you're having a great day! SUPPLIES USED: Stamps- Everyday Sayings (Hero Arts); Ink- Frost White (Colorbox); Paper- Choice Snow White (Taylored Expressions), Holly Jolly Christmas Collection (Echo Park), Dark Chocolate (PTI); Accessories- bling (Hero Arts), white embossing poweder, tree punch (EK Success); Finished card measures 5.5"x 4.25"
Posted by Charmaine (CharmWarm) at 1:40 PM
Labels: Clean and Simple Stamping
4 comments:
- Jennifer Shults said...
Aren't you just LOVING these classes?? They are fantastic!
I just adore your card. That little christmas tree is perfect with that gorgeous paper behind it and I love the pearls scattered around! LOVE it!
- January 17, 2012 at 1:44 PM
- Karen Motz said...
This is definitely NOT boring Charmaine!! It's absolutely stunning and beautiful. Oh, my, goodness...I LOVE it!
- January 17, 2012 at 7:11 PM
Just fab!!
- January 17, 2012 at 8:13 PM
- Michelle said...
What a sweet card. The tree is fabulous!
- January 18, 2012 at 9:00 AM
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Good Nature Inc. is a family owned landscaping contracting business based in northeast Indianapolis. We specialize in lasting relationships and combining natural landscape elements to produce the desired outdoor environment for each client.
The company was founded in the mid 1990's with a slogan "Be Good Natured." This slogan represents the philosophy that drives our business everyday. From the beginning the owners, Steve and Tracey Hiner, wanted a company large enough to provide the quality and professionalism small companies cannot, yet small enough to maintain the personal relationships that make life and work rich. The fact that approximately 80% of our annual revenue comes from referrals and repeat business is evidence that Good Nature Inc. exists as envisioned. Located at the southeast corner of 96th Street and Olio Road, Good Nature Inc has become a fixture in the community.
Our staff, of approximately twenty, including designers, irrigation, lighting, and landscape installers, office personnel, carpenters, masons, gardeners, and sales people; provides the most comprehensive array of landscape services in town. From stone to light, from water to wood, Good Nature Inc is installing and/or maintaining the outdoor service you need. Our staff is what really sets us apart from other companies. The team is an ensemble of role players who together represent over 120 years of experience in the green industry. From designer to laborer, everyone on our staff has at least six years experience.
We have developed a service process to ensure our client's needs are being met throughout a project. The Good Nature process does not end with an invoice. We believe follow up after project completion is very important. We want to ensure our collaboration is what was expected and that you are satisfied. We value client relationships and work to maintain and grow our reputation with each new customer.
Our goal is to "Be Good Natured".


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A tax increase may not be in Warminster�s preliminary budget for 2014, but even if millage rates remain the same for homeowners next year, the township�s escalating pension and health care costs almost certainly will force residents to pay more down the line.
�The greatest fiscal challenge for 2014 and beyond is meeting what is quickly becoming an unsustainable and financially crushing pension obligation, combined with equally crushing health care obligations,� Rich Manfredi, the township manager, wrote in the summary portion of the draft proposal.
�This proposed budget makes clear,� the summary continues, �that operating revenues cannot support operations and fund pension obligations, investment in capital equipment and infrastructure, and support other operating funds.�
Manfredi explained the $28 million spending plan to supervisors last week by saying a $1.4 million tab for pensions eats up a majority of the township�s $2 million in reserves. Next year, less than $600,000 in savings won�t handle a pension bill expected to grow to $1.6 million.
�That�s a number I don�t think we can ever get our minds around,� Tom Panzer, vice chairman of the supervisors said of the $1.4 million. �Back in the day it was $30,000, $40,000.�
�We don�t want pensioners thinking we�re going bust,� he continued, �but from this side of the dais these are huge numbers to come up with year after year. Let�s be honest, the benefit package we offer is pretty significant. Employees get a nice municipal package.�
Part of that package includes health insurance, which Panzer said is rising from $750,000 to $2.25 million.
In the preliminary budget, taxes remain at 17.07 mills. A mill is a tax of $1 for every $1,000 of assessed property value. Residents with homes assessed at $35,000 � roughly the township average � would receive a municipal property tax bill of $597.
Last week the supervisors debated the merits of several budget items. They decided to move forward with a new roof and HVAC system for the Ben Wilson Senior Center, a $200,000 cost.
�They�re in desperate need of a new roof,� said supervisor Dan McPhillips, who added the building is �deemed an emergency shelter by the county.�
Hearing that, supervisors Chairman Leo Quinn suggested �maybe we should get some of that casino money from the county. ... The senior center is used not only by Warminster residents.�
The roof on the police portion of the township building is an issue too. The plan is to spend $53,000 on repairs.
Without it, �you�d put the whole building�s integrity at risk,� said supervisor Frank Feinberg. �It has to be done.�
Police Chief James Donnelly pushed for new uniforms, a $16,500 budget item. He called them �the first line of defense� and made the case that �if you�re well protected and look professional, you decrease attacks on officers,� which keeps them on duty.
The board seemed to agree, but cut Donnelly�s request for eight new vehicles to two. The Ford Explorers cost $27,000 each.
�Maintenance costs have risen as the fleet wears out,� said Manfredi, adding replacing worn vehicles is �probably critical to saving money down the line.�
The supervisors are expected to vote on the 2014 budget Dec. 19.
Said Manfredi, �The biggest message for 2014 and 2015 is we�ve got lots of work to do.�
Gary Weckselblatt: 215-345-3169; email, firstname.lastname@example.com; Twitter, @gweckselblatt


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Brillio, is a global technology consulting and business solutions company, enables the successful transformation of businesses by utilizing emerging technologies to create new customer experiences, achieve cost efficiencies, and gain competitive advantage. Brillio is a company wired for speed and rapidly develops and deploys disruptive solutions to help our Fortune 1000 clients stay ahead in a fast-changing environment and capture business value faster. Brillio brings business expertise to clients in the Banking and Finance, Utilities, CPG, Retail, Technology, Media and Entertainment industries and is proud to serve leaders in Fortune 1000 from these industries.
About Kathleen Ulrich
Kathleen is Director of Marketing at Brillio. Known for her expertise in result-oriented marketing, Kathleen has over 20 years of experience in building strong, global brands. In her role at Brillio, she oversees and executes effective brand building and implements demand generation strategies for sustainable, profitable business. She is a dedicated, high-energy leader, adept in building and motivating synergistic teams, working in complex organizations, as well as nurturing and growing B2B partnerships.
Definition of success: Success is defined by world class customer experiences. I believe that success is when your clients value and trust your product/service, brand and opinion. The customer is always the true north.
First job: Making popcorn at the Omaha Henry Doorly Zoo.
How do you stay motivated: I am a role model for my two girls and I am blazing a trail for them. I want them to see what a strong professional-working mother looks like first hand.
Guiding principle: Treat everyone with kindness and respect.
Goal yet to be achieved: To see my children through college and use their talents in their careers.
Best decision: To pack up my car the day after college graduation and move from Omaha, NE to Washington, DC, without a job in sight, to chase a dream.
Worst decision: There aren't any bad decisions. Every decision is a choice you made. It may have been the wrong decision, but I don't like to view it as a bad decision.
Definition of leadership: We are now in the era of modern leadership which entails investing in new ideas and technologies, believing in the knowledge and ability of people, and creating a strong partner ecosystem.
Biggest missed opportunity: Not taking more risks.
Best mentor: Kandes Bregman was CMO at (i)Structure and she was my first mentor. She believed in me to give me a start and always told me to be myself.
One word that best describes you: Crazy
Like best about job: Brillio is fast paced, highly customer focused and I get to work side by side with some of the brightest minds in new technologies. The work culture is also nurturing and supportive.
Interests: Improving life with disruptive technologies
Pet peeve: Incessant tapping
Most important lesson learned: That my job is never finished. There is always more that can be done.
Most respected competitor: Accenture Digital
Greatest fear: Failure
Idea of perfect happiness: I am perfectly happy. I have a wonderful family who loves me. I have two wicked smart girls who are growing up to be strong leaders. I have an amazing career where I head the marketing department for an innovative digital disruptive service provider in Silicon Valley. I have the opportunity to work side by side with forward looking technology leaders.
Greatest strength: Determination
Characteristic most admired: Hard working
Characteristic least admired: Apathy
First choice for a new career: Teacher
Current state of mind: Free
Exercise of choice: Running
Question you want answered: How can we deny higher education to any young person in this country just because she or he can't afford it?
Most influential book read: Leadership by Rudolph Guiliani and Nice Girls Don't Get the Corner Office by Dr.Louis Frankel PhD.
Most ecstatic moment: When I met my adopted and met my daughters for the first time.
Favorite word: Go!
Favorite quote: "It is our choices, that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities." J.K Rowling
Countries you would like to visit: Indonesia
Favorite airline: Delta
Favorite hotel (brand): Shangri-La
Favorite restaurant: Pitch, a favorite of mine in Omaha, Nebraska
Favorite car (brand): Volvo
Company: Brillio
Santa Clara, California, USA
Founded in: 2014
CEO: Raj Mamodia
Public or Private: Private
Head Office in Country: United States
Let's do a quick written interview. Let's share success stories. Let's connect.
San Madan
san [@] womenworldawards [dot] com
Connect with me on LinkedIn
Corporate Headquarters
Women World Awards, Silicon Valley, United States of America


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Thursday, 12 July 2012
Bridal Lehenga Design
5 comments:
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wedding planning education
- Anonymous7 August 2012 at 21:38
I have just seen these gorgeous lehengas , that can give you a stunning look by wearing it at various occasions.Its really best to choose such kind of dress for you.ReplyDelete
Punjabi Salwar kameez
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1734 Jn 16,33
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Home » Free Books » Bonar, Horatius » Light & Truth: The Gospels ! Chapter 81 - John 16:33 - Tribulation, Peace, and Victory Light & Truth: The Gospels by Bonar, Horatius
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Tribulation, Peace, And Victory.
"These things I have spoken unto you, that in me ye might have peace. In the world ye shall have tribulation: but be of good cheer; I have overcome the world."-John 16: 33.
Here are four special points,-the peace, the tribulation, the victory, the cheer. It is Christ himself who is the speaker of these words. He speaks them to us. Let us listen.
I. The peace. Peace is the great Bible subject; the burden of God's message to men. Peace on earth; peace with God; the peace of conscious reconciliation. But it is not so much "peace with God" that is here referred to, as "the peace of God"; not the peace obtained by receiving the embassy of peace, the reconciliation, but the peace of the reconciled soul. Into this region of peace reconciliation is the entrance. Here no wrath can reach us, no storm can ruffle us, no terror can appal us; we are "kept in perfect peace"; "the peace of God rules in our hearts," and is perpetual sunshine, like an island of bright verdure in the midst of a stormy sea. It is peace in Christ; not out of Him, nor apart from Him, but in Him. It flows out of Him to us; or rather we are in Him, and so get that peace. We get it by means of his words; "These things have I spoken unto you, that in me ye might have peace." His words are the words of peace. The soul that listens to these words drinks in the peace, or, we may say, breathes the air of peace. Look at his words, "Let not your heart be troubled"; "In my Father's house are many mansions;" "The Father coming in and abiding;" the love of the Father; the little while; the coming joy. Yes, every word is loaded with peace; his own peace; the Father's peace; the Spirit's peace; the peace of heaven; peace even here on an earth, where all is trouble and disquiet.
II. The tribulation. Though not of the world, we are in it still. We are partakers of its sorrows, though not of its sins. And besides, the men of the world hate us and trouble us, as they hated and troubled our Master. So that we have tribulation both in and from the world. The prince and god of this world is against us, and assails us on every side, as the old serpent, the tempter, the roaring lion, the ruler of the darkness of this world. Our separation from it, and non-conformity to it, make it the more hostile. It will not let us alone. It is a waste howling wilderness; a land of storms, and barrenness, and enemies, and thorns, and briars. The law of the Church's present state is "tribulation"; "Through much tribulation we must enter the kingdom;" "These are they which came out of great tribulation." There is the weakness of this "vile body": weariness, vexation, disappointment, bereavement, breaking of ties, farewells and partings, bodily diseases, pain, affliction, poverty, loss, disaster, straitened circumstances, persecutions, coldness, hatred, the sneer and taunt,-of these things the world is full. Its atmosphere is impregnated with the evil, and sadness, and gloom. Thus has it been from the beginning; we see it in Abel, Noah, Joseph, Moses, David, Jeremiah, and all the saints. It is the Church's portion here. It was the portion of her head. He was a man of sorrows. And all this not because of inconsistency, but consistency; the more we are unlike the world, the more it hates us; the more we are like the Lord, the more will the world persecute us. The seed of the woman and the seed of the serpent cannot agree or love. Hence we must come out from it; stand aloof, whatever may be the consequences. And this non-conformity,-this quarrel between us and the world,-only makes us long more for the day of the great advent. Tribulation makes us long for the coming; death makes us long for resurrection; weariness makes us long for rest; partings make us long for meetings. Thus we look for, and hasten unto, the coming of the day of God, the ending of the sorrow, the beginning of the joy.
III. The victory. "I have overcome the world." It is a powerful world, but not all-powerful. It has been fought with and overcome. One greater than it, or than its prince, has come and vanquished it. The world did its utmost in this battle, but the Son of God prevailed. The seed of the woman bruised the serpent's head. Noah condemned the world, but Christ overcame it. It has now no longer any power left to it but what He permits. He overcame it both by weakness and by strength; He slew death by dying; He conquered Satan, the god of this world, by allowing Satan to conquer Him. He did it alone. None could help Him in such a battle. Yet the victory was complete, final, and irreversible. He is the conqueror; and, as the conqueror, led captivity captive. When He comes again, the victory will be manifested; now we only know it by faith. God has proclaimed the victory of his Son both in heaven and earth, but the world believes it not. Yet the victory was great and glorious. It was a victory which decided the long battle between heaven and hell; between God and Satan; between the Church and the spiritual weakness in high places.
IV. The cheer. Be of good cheer or courage. Be not afraid of the world, or its prince, or its tribulations.
(1.) It is a conquer a world. Not in its full strength or flushed with victory, but routed, discomfited. Even at its strongest it had but creature strength, and "Who art thou that thou shouldest be afraid of a man that shall die?" It is now creature-weakness; a broken world. Be of good cheer!
(2.) It is conquered for you. The victor fought your fight and won your victory. The world is his foe and yours; as both He fought and won; He was a leader and commander to the people, the Captain of your salvation. It was you He had in view when He was fighting. He will make you more than conqueror. Be of good cheer.
(3.) It is conquered by Christ. Conquered by your Saviour, your friend. The conqueror is almighty, and his victory has been acknowledged by the Father. It was Jesus who fought and won. Be of good cheer.
Not merely do not yield to despondency, like Elijah and Jonah, but rejoice and be exceeding glad. Be cheerful in days of darkness. You have still a battle which you must fight cheerfully and hopefully. It is "that which is behind of Christ's battle," the last relics of the fight. Fight, and yield not. Love not the world, but contend against it. Be faithful to death; the promise is to him that overcometh.
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Hi Viewers,
Have you ever thought that during the time of the World War 1 what the world was like? What were its conditions and which countries were the most powerful. To give an exact situation report of the world in 1914 is not nearly possible but even though some of the major points are stated below.
In 1914, European countries still dominated the rest of the world. Many decisions which shaped the fate of our world were taken in the capital cities of Europe. Germany was the leading power at that time both militarily and economically. It had overtaken Britain on production of pig-iron and steel thought was a little behind in the production of coal. France, Belgium, Italy and Austria-Hungary (known as the Habsburg Empire) were well behind. Russian industries were well behind because they could not have a good start. But it was outside Europe that the most spectacular industrial progress had been made over the previous years. In 1914 U.S.A produced more coal, pig-iron and steel than either Germany or Britain and now it is ranked as a world power.
During that period the political system of the world also varied widely. The U.S.A, Britain and France had democratic forms of government while some systems were not as much democratic as they said; Germany had an elected lower house of parliament known as Reichstag, but the real power was in the hands of the Chancellor (a sort of a prime minister) and the Kaiser (Emperor). Italy was a monarchy with an elected parliament but the right to vote was with given only to the rich people. In fact Japan to had an elected house, but here to the right to vote was given to the emperor and the Privy Council. The governments in Russia and Austria were very different from the democracies in the west. The tsar (Emperor) of Russia and the emperor of Austria were autocratic rulers; if they felt like the rules could ignore the parliament and do exactly as they want to.
At that time Europe had divide itself into two alliance system.
The Triple Alliance were-
· Germany
· Austria-Hungary
· Italy
The Triple Entente were-
· Britain
· France
· Russia
In 1902 Japan and Britain had also signed an alliance.
In addition to these conditions there were some others things to. Britain and Germany had a naval rivalry. French resentment at the loss of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany at the end of the Franco-Prussian War 1871. The Germans accused the triple entente of trying to encircle them.
There are many things that were present at that time and that are of such wideness that cannot be stated here but this is the basic overview if the conditions of the world at those times.
We hope that you liked this, Please feel free to give your reviews and we are also open for any questions. Keep visiting for more on this.
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Watch Marcella
Former detective Marcella Backland is devastated when her husband leaves her and their two children. He is a legal adviser to DTG construction, property developers, effectively controlled by the Gibson family. When she is visited by a senior detective on the murder squad for information regarding an unsolved serial killer 11 years previously who seems to have become active again, Marcella returns to the murder squad. She enters a world of on-line dating, prostitution, and dubious dealings of her husband's employers while trying to save her marriage.
- Monday at 9:00 PM et/pt on ITV
- 2 Seasons, 16 Episodes
- April 4, 2016
- Drama
- Cast: Anna Friel, Ray Panthaki, Jack Doolan, Jamie Bamber
TV Shows
Watch Full Episodes of Marcella
Marcella Full Episode Guide
- Episode 8 - Episode 8
Marcella has no time to lose as the killer has Edward. Following leads she races to the killer's house, but nds it empty except for a ringing phone. However, a premonition offers up clues, but can she get to her child before it is too late?
- Episode 7 - Episode 7
Marcella heads to Nigel Stafford's house to question him. As she walks around the house she finds a small grave before heading inside the unlocked door. Inside she's confronted by Nigel, holding a knife.
- Episode 6 - Episode 6
- Episode 5 - Episode 5
Kevin Hoffs and his blue lorry are found abandoned in a lay by. Leann informs Marcella that the lorry had been there for 36 hours. After analysing Adam's phone records, the team become aware that Adam had contacted the KidsCall helpline. Marcella heads there to retrieve the records and Maya is helpful despite both women having Tim Williamson in common. From Adam's records they see that he'd admitted to being abused by his father but his father has alibis for many incidents surrounding the case.
- Episode 4 - Episode 4
Adam gets away from the killer's prison but loses consciousness while trying to escape in the car of an elderly couple. Meanwhile, Marcella confronts Reg about a binder that was stolen from his house, while Phil sets his sights on the detective.
- Episode 3 - Episode 3
Marcella digs deep in her attempts to take down Phil Dawkins, but her dogged pursuit has tragic consequences, causing her to question everything. Meanwhile, her ongoing blackouts mean she has to face up to the threat of losing her children.
- Episode 2 - Episode 2
- Episode 1 - Episode 1
Five months after the events of the last series, DS Marcella Backland is called to a house where a workman has drilled through a wall and discovered an ear. When the wall is taken down, Marcella is horrified to discover that the ear belonged to Leo Priestley, a 7-year old boy who's been missing for four years and who knew her son. Leo was meant to walk home with Edward, Marcella's son on the day he went missing.Leo's discovery puts Marcella in confrontation with a previously convicted child abuser, Phil Dawkins. Dawkins is open to Marcella about being a non-practising paedophile - his urges are deemed unacceptable by society and he takes precautions to control them. Following his release from prison he's tried to move on to an acceptable life but Marcella struggles to move past Phil's admission.
- Episode 8 - Episode 8
In her desperate hunt for Matthew, Marcella questions Henry at his home. Meanwhile, the pressure mounts on Jason as Tim's investigation into the murder of Andrew Barnes gathers pace, and the killer is finally revealed, causing shockwaves among the entire team.
- Episode 7 - Episode 7
Mo confronts Marcella after finding his brother dead, while the detective has her doubts as the police continue to investigate Yann. Tim starts to look into the curious circumstances surrounding the death of Andrew Barnes, bringing him into contact with Jason.
- Episode 6 - Episode 6
The killer's next victim is a six-year-old girl, which devastates Marcella, and a DNA match gives the police team its strongest lead yet. Meanwhile, DI Tim Williamson investigates Andrew Barnes' death - was it really suicide?
- Episode 5 - Episode 5
Mo holds the police responsible when Hassan is shot, while Marcella triumphs over Peter Cullen and finally gets the information she is after relating to Grace's death. Jason manages to get his job at DTG back - but at what cost? - and deliveryman Ronnie makes the mistake of his life.
- Episode 4 - Episode 4
An aborted attack on an elderly man gives the police a new lead in the Grove Park killings, while Marcella tries to track down the taxi driver from outside Grace Gibson's house, fearful that he saw her on the night of the murder.
- Episode 3 - Episode 3
Grace's body is discovered by the police and Marcella tries to keep her head and hide the fact that she was one of the last people to see her alive. Sylvie is distraught at the loss of her daughter and her dismay is further compounded when she learns that Grace and Jason were having an affair, while Henry tries to find comfort with his friends Matthew and Yann. Meanwhile, Peter is released from open prison and makes a beeline for Maddy, who lies to him about having a boyfriend.
- Episode 2 - Episode 2
The Gibson family are in a state of panic when Grace is discovered missing, and Marcella tries to make sense of the previous evening's events, scouring CCTV footage in an attempt to discover more about her disappearance. Cara returns home from her latest job, in which she has stolen a watch, some earrings and a bracelet, but is unaware of their significance and the danger she's put herself in, with all of the items recognisable as trophies taken by the Grove Park Killer.
- Episode 1 - Episode 1
After 11 years' absence away from the force, DS Marcella Backland finds herself drawn back to police work following the return of the Grove Park Killer, her last case before she left to start a family. In 2005, the killer tied the victims' hands and feet with cable ties before taping a plastic bag around their heads. The case went cold. But now, over ten years later, it seems he has returned.
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Marcella is currently available to watch and stream on ITV. You can also stream, download, buy, rent Marcella on demand at Netflix, Amazon, Vudu, Google Play, iTunes online.


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The long wait is over. Bungie, creators of the Halo series have finally released their love child, Destiny and the world is watching (and playing). After dipping into the universe you may be pondering how to be more efficient about how to go about things, here are some tips and notes to be aware of.
The Menu
By pressing start you can open your menu, this is where you can change equipment, invite friends to your fireteam, check bounties and more. This menu can be accessed during loading screens and even in the Crucible; it is basically there all the time.
The Crucible is where the standard online matches take place. The four modes include Control, Clash, Rumble, and Skirmish. Players start with Control, but can unlock the others by playing each new type once. Bounties are obtained from the Tower, they have goals to meet that yield rewards such as experience. Many bounties can be completed simply by participating in the Crucible, which makes it a good place to get experience. As a note, some equipment can offer upgrades when given enough experience, keep that in mind when turning in bounties so you can get all the experience exactly where you want it.
Three classes are available, Warlock, Titan, and Hunter. A profile can have multiple characters so be sure to look at the skill trees with each class and don't be afraid to try something new.
The Vault
At the tower you can access the Vault to store equipment in. You do not need to visit stores to sell goods in Destiny because you can dismantle them yourself. However, if you have multiple classes you can use the vault to deliver weapons to your other characters. If a sniper rifle is not really what you want on your Titan, maybe it is more suited for your Hunter.
Heavy Ammo
Something to not forget about is your third weapon. While playing in the Crucible heavy ammo will appear twice per map (heavy ammo is purple). If you open the chest with a teammate nearby not only will you get the ammunition, but some will fall on the ground for them too!
Free Ammunition
Ammo is pretty easy to come by actually, you can pick it up from fallen enemies, buy reserve packs at the tower, or simply wait for it to replenish. Yes, if you use all of your ammo excluding what you have in your magazine you can wait for 30 seconds and your primary weapon will be ready to go!
There are lots of different ways to get loot: Crucible, stores, story levels, and more. Depending on your performance you may get even more. Say you are on a Patrol mission on the moon with lower leveled enemies, you can focus less on surviving and more on headshots. If your performance is exceptionally impressive (multiple consecutive headshots) you may see one of the enemies drop a colored sphere. Picking it up will reveal that you have found some loot. Also, if you somehow miss good loot most of it can be picked up from your friend the Postmaster back at the Tower.
These pieces of loot need to be taken to the Cryptarch at the Tower (to the right from where you spawn), he can reveal what the item is for you (for free!). Also, you may want to hold onto engrams because they level up with you, meaning if you wait until you hit the level cap 20, (sort of) they will yield better equipment.


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Allen Sports Premier Spare Tire 3 Bike Rack
Product Description
- Part Number:
Allen's Premier 3-bike spare tire mounted carrier delivers incredible ease of use with our patented quick-set up design, along with our dual compound tie-down cradles to fully secure and protect your bicycles. The extra wide bottom foot helps to fully distribute the load of your bicycles on your rear spare tire. Allen's Premier series of racks are packed full of innovative features derived of our nearly 50 years of manufacturing rear mounted bicycle carriers. All items are backed by our exceptional customer service and our lifetime warranty. Note, this item should never be used on a trailer.
- Carrying capacity: 3 bikes