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Hi! I thought I'd write a sewing blog today, showing an alteration I performed recently. I took photos while I did it so that I could file them away as a teaching resource.
As some of you may know, I've been spending a lot of time over the last couple of months doing fittings and alterations for a lovely bridal shop here in Bath. It's a really interesting job, meeting lots of people from all walks of life who have one big thing in common: the stress of organising a wedding! Finding the right dress can be difficult, and even when you find it there can be issues of fit. That's where I come in.
Mostly I take in side seams and shorten hems, but every now and then something like this comes along,. when the bride wants to change something major.
In this case it was swapping the zip and buttons at the back for lacing. This was both for style and to facilitate fit. She had purchased a sample dress which was too big for her, especially across the back, and this was the perfect solution. (We had the designer's permission to make this change.)
|Yes, it's the same dress - the lighting was just very different on both days!
In the first picture you can see where I pinned the outline I needed for the lacing gap.
In polyester taffeta I did not find the rouleau easy to make. It refused to turn nicely, either with the string method or a loop turner. So I cut the long strip I had made into shorter lengths and turned them with the loop turner. Much easier.
Okey-dokey. Here's where you get to look at how I'm manipulating the rouleau. I didn't measure the loop lengths on the rouleau; just went by eye and carefully gauging the relationship between the rouleau and the presser foot. I never cut the rouleau. (I probably should've pressed the rouleau first :D )
Tip: don't have any loops in the bottom 4 or 5 cm of the new back opening. This is where you'll need to leave a gap large enough to tuck the lacing ribbon ends away, and that can be pretty thick if it's made in fabric.
Here's the new back opening with its loops attached and ready to be lined. Turn the dress inside out, pin the lining in place, baste if necessary (with slippery or napped fabrics, usually) and stitch right around the whole opening (second picture). Shape the bottom of the opening as you wish. Clip at the bottom, understitch if possible and turn through. Press.
I made a modesty panel to go behind the lacing, to cover the flesh and allow for the client's bra. The lacing ribbon was made out of a bias strip of the taffeta stitched into a tube and turned through (with great difficulty!). After the fitting with the lacing in place, I've decided to go back in and stitch around the opening again, a little further away from the raw edge, to make the loops a bit narrower.
Let me know if you liked reading this. I can post more of this kind of thing if you like :)


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Jazzaar Meets MPYO Poster
Jazzaar 2010 Press Release
16th April promises a mystical Indian Night at jazzaar concerts 2010 with an enchanted Aargau Youth World-Music Ensemble bringing rich and exotic tunes representing India. The ensemble led by Jazzaar's musical director, Fritz Renold, boasts of grand masters, old-timers and students of both Indian music as well as of rhythmic roots such as Brazilian and Afro-American traditions. Among the professionals hailing from around the globe are: Sharmistha Chatterjee, Annette Philip, Chayan Adhikari and Ujwal Nagar on vocals, Suhail Yusuf Khan playing the Sarangi, Pandit Anindo Chatterjee on Tabla; Giridhar Udupa playing the Ghatam, Lew Soloff on trumpet, Reggie Hamilton on Bass, Christian Jacob on Piano and the celebrated Brazilian Jazz-Percussionist Airto Moreira, on drums. Equally excelling global players from home are Manrico Padovani on the violin, Willy Kotoun on Percussions; Markus Hauser on Saxes and Ramon Hediger on EWI & Tenorsax. The audience can expect most delightful renditions of stimulating traditional tunes, fusions, Bollywood songs and original compositions.
17th April has in store a special night of reminiscing with The Great American Songbook combined with celebration at jazzaar concerts 2010. The fascinating Aargau Youth Pops Orchestra led by conductor Kevin Field, of the Malaysian Youth Philharmonic Orchestra has what it takes to lure us back to the era of the Tin Pan Alley, Broadway and Hollywood musicals. The global mentors accompanying the youth in the orchestra are: Casal Quartet (concertmaster Daria Zappa, Rachel R. Späth, Markus Fleck and Andreas Fleck) Roseanna Vitro on vocals, Steve Reid on trumpet, Mark Gross on alto saxophone, Vincent Gardner on trombone, Daniel Werren and Wolfgang Drechsler playing the french horns, George Robert on clarinet, Buster Williams on double bass, Corey Allen on piano and Danny Gottlieb playing the drums.
Apart from transporting the audience to the pre-1960's era the orchestra is also geared up for the honour of performing a premier in dedication to the Bundesrätin Doris Leuthard upon her appointment as president of the Federal Council of Switzerland 2010. What a night it would be for an audience to bask in nostalgia and rekindled hope!
Jazzaar 2010 Programme
Kultur und Kongresshaus Aarau (KUK)
11. April – 17. April 2010
Daily rehearsals & workshops
11. 04. – 17. 04.
Jam Sessions
13. 04 & 14. 04
Restaurant Einstein, Aarau
21:00 – 23:00
in KUK Aarau
Featuring: Sharmistha Chatterjee, Voc – Soprano; Annette Philip, Voc – Alto; Chayan Adhikari, Voc – Tenor; Ujwal Nagar, Voc – Baritone; Suhail Yusuf Khan, Sarangi; Lew Soloff, Trumpet; Markus Hauser, Saxes; Ramon Hediger, EWI & Tenorsax; Pandit Anindo Chatterjee, Tabla; Giridhar Udupa, Ghatam; Willy Kotoun, Percussion; Reggie Hamilton, Bass (Whitney Houston); Christian Jacob, Klavier (Tierney Sutton Band) and Airto Moreira, Brazilian Jazz-Percussionist (Miles Davis)
The Aargau Youth World-Music Ensemble directed by Fritz Renold
in KUK Aarau
Featuring Concertmaster Daria Zappa, Rachel R. Späth,
Markus Fleck and Andreas Fleck (members of Casal Quartet); Roseanna Vitro, Vocals; Steve Reid, Trumpet; Mark Gross, Alto Saxophone; Vincent Gardner, Trombone; Daniel Werren and Wolfgang Drechsler, French Horns; George Robert, Clarinet; Buster Williams, Double bass; Corey Allen, Piano und Danny Gottlieb, Drums.
With The Aargau Youth Pops Orchestra directed by Kevin Field
Photos from Impressions by Gildas Boclé
Photos from a Virtual Exhibition by Gildas Boclé
Video from Indian Night
Indian Night directed by Fritz Renold
Sharmistha Chatterjee – voc soprano,
Annette Philip – voc alto,
Chayan Adhikari – voc tenor,
Ujwal Nagar – voc baritone,
Suhail Yusuf Khan – sarangi,
Manrico Padovani – violin,
Lew Soloff – trumpet,
Markus Hauser – saxes,
Ramon Hediger – EWI & tenor sax,
Christian Jacob – Piano
Reggie Hamilton – bass,
Udupa – ghatam,
Pandit Anindo Chattterjee – tabla,
Willy Kotoun, Krishna Booker & Airto Moreira – percussions
and The Aargau Youth World Music Ensemble
Marianna Pisano
Ramona Dolores Keller
Lydia Renold
Cinzia Catania
Sarah Thomas
Nora Wernli
Wanda Siegenthaler
Luca Brügger
Remo Mossoni
Benjamin Suppiger
Kevin Fischer
Urs Burkhard, Trumpet
Janine Ummiker, Soprano Sax
Stephan Schmid, Alto Sax
Manisa Grob, Alto Sax
Christoph Huber, Tenor Sax
Rhythm Section
Matthias Leutert, E-Guitar
Claude Stucki, E-Guitar
Roman Tschupp, Piano-Keyboards
Demian Coca, Keyboards
Sharon Renold, E-Bass
Lukas Briner, Drums-Percussion
Benjamin Renold, Drums-Percussion
Video from The Great American Songbook
Roseanna Vitro – vocals (My Funny Valentine)
Casal Quartett
Daria Zappa, concertmaster
Rachel R. Späth, violin
Markus Fleck, viola
Andreas Fleck, cello
Sergej Novoselic vl 1
Michel Willi, viola
Noemi Glenk, viola
Daniela Hunziker, cello
Steve Reid, trumpet
George Robert, clarinet
Mark Gross, alto saxophone
Daniel Werren, french horn
Wolfgang Drechsler, french horn
Vincent Gardner, trombone
Buster Williams, double bass
Corey Allen, piano
Danny Gottlieb, drums
The Aargau Youth Pops Orchestra
Corrine Stark violin 1
Nils Hansen violin 1
Nico Breuninger violin 1
Simon Huwiler violin 1
Olivia Ebneter violin 2
Severin Spring violin 2
Hevin Karakurt violin 2
Leila Erdin violin 2
Ramin Abbassi cello
Dominique Stark cello
Simon Tschupp contrabass
Christian Spiegelberg contrabass (Special Guest)
Yannick Suter flute
Claudia Bendzko flute
Hannah Wey oboe/english horn
Kevin Sommer bass clarinet
Silvan Schmid trumpet
Magdalena Wey trumpet
Diandra Russo alto saxophone
Michael Zinniker tenor saxophone
Felix Oberle tenor saxophone
Chris Sommer baritone saxophone
Christian Dysli trombone
Rhythm Section
Yanick Loher piano
David Gloor electric bass
David Krähenbühl drums
This post is also available in: German

subset: commoncrawl


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Longtime Washington Post columnist and retirement expert Stan Hinden has said that preparing for retirement is like preparing for a long trip overseas. For a vacation, you'd research all manner of logistics -- where to stay, where to sightsee, where to eat, how to get from place to place, how to pay for things, what languages you'll need to brush up on in advance, and more.
Retirement planning is no different. In the video below, Robert Brokamp, a Certified Financial Planner and advisor of Motley Fool Rule Your Retirement, tells senior editor Dayana Yochim four things would-be retirees should absolutely prepare before their golden years begin.
Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days. We Fools may not all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.


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I got a call from my doctor yesterday, and the "suspicious mass" wasn't so benign as they originally thought. The jury is still out on what I'm really dealing with, but I wanted to let you know that the all-clear was a bit premature.
I need to have yet another surgery, which I've put off a few weeks. Rod and I have a vacation coming up that we've planned and paid for and I don't want to miss it. I'll let you know more when I do.
In the meantime, I would appreciate your continued prayers and good wishes.


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VUSM receives prestigious AMA grant
The American Medical Association (AMA) has selected Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (VUSM) to receive a $1 million grant as one of the nation's 11 top medical schools transforming medical education.
The grant, part of the AMA initiative "Accelerating Change in Medical Education," makes Vanderbilt the recipient of $1 million over the next five years to take part in a consortium created to rapidly disseminate best practices in medical education across the country.
Bonnie Miller, M.D., senior associate dean for Health Sciences Education, said the announcement is evidence the innovations brought about by VUSM's new educational curriculum, Curriculum 2.0, are among the nation's most advanced.
For VUSM, Curriculum 2.0 represents the departure from a highly regarded, but traditional medical school curriculum to a complex, integrated, collaborative and flexible course schedule that includes less traditional lecture and more clinical and case-based experience.
"This is a validation that Curriculum 2.0 represents some of the most exciting and innovative ideas for medical education," Miller said. "It is just what the AMA is looking for. Through this grant, the AMA hopes to disseminate best practice to medical educators throughout the nation. We believe this funding and collaboration will allow us to accelerate the changes we hope to bring about with Curriculum 2.0, and to rigorously evaluate the curriculum's effectiveness."
Vanderbilt's grant submission outlined major changes included through Curriculum 2.0, such as embedding students at a single clinical site for the duration of their undergraduate medical education and competency-based assessments along with individualized learning goals and objectives.


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New, used, rare and overstock LPs, CDs and DVDs at bargain prices. Cash or trade for your unwanted music and movies.
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Additional information is available at www.turnitup.com or by contacting Cory Milotte at (603) 358-6833.
Turn It Up can be found at Main St 89. The following is offered: Video Rental & Retail. The entry is present with us since Sep 8, 2010 and was last updated on Nov 14, 2013. In Keene there are 3 other Video Rental & Retail. An overview can be found here.
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Next Episode of Fast Forward (UK) is
not planed. TV Show was canceled.
Fast Forward was a children's sketch series which aired on BBC television in the United Kingdom. The episodes contained a collection of zany sketches.
Looks like something went completely wrong!
But don't worry - it can happen to the best of us,
- and it just happened to you.
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Jewish World Review July 26, 1999 /13 Av, 5759
Mona Charen
http://www.jewishworldreview.com --
The recent performance of the U.S. Women's Soccer team leaves me with profoundly mixed feelings.
Let's begin with admiration. The members of this team are wonderful athletes who have worked incredibly hard to achieve their current skill. Michelle Akers has battled chronic fatigue syndrome and endured numerous knee surgeries to become a champion. The others have clearly trained hard, as well.
But it isn't just practicing your dribbling or heading that makes a champion. A great deal of athletic success (or any success, actually) is psychological.
The best example of the mind of a champion was Brandi Chastain. In the quarterfinal match against Germany, just five minutes into the game, Chastain made a huge blunder.
According to National Public Radio, she was near the U.S. goal and was attempting to clear the ball away from a German player when "she accidentally kicked it past her own goalie and into her own net, giving Germany a 1-0 lead."
Now, I don't know about you, but if I had done something like that, I would have been so mortified that they would have had to carry me from the field on a stretcher.
Chastain was not so abashed. Here's her relaxed explanation to NPR: "You know, I thought I was making a good decision until I looked up and saw she was already coming for the ball. And I just turned around, I said, 'Oh, now we've got to score two goals."
Later in the game, Chastain did score a tying goal, and the U.S. team went on to defeat Germany 3-2.
That is called strong-mindedness, and it accounts for success every bit as much as talent. Three cheers for Chastain? No, perhaps only two.
Here's why. Though she showed herself a great athlete, and certainly made the feminists in the TV audience swoon, she seems to have some trouble sorting out what it means to be a feminine, female athlete.
On this subject, feminists and anti-feminists can agree: To pose nude for mass-circulation magazines is a degrading act. It encourages men to lust after her, not admire her. The two are not mutually exclusive, but it's a matter of emphasis. A lady may be flattered if a man is inflamed at the sight of her -- but she doesn't strip naked to elicit it, either. Sure, exhibitionism is in the air.
Tom Cruise and Nicole Kidman are doing their best to sell tickets to "Eyes Wide Shut" by inviting the whole world to their love-making. (They will get a percentage of the gross, which explains a lot.) Still, was it necessary for Chastain to tear off her shirt when the team charged to victory?
The usual stupid people said, "Well, the men do it." Memo to commentators: Men don't have breasts. You can look it up.
If men tore off their shorts as a victory gesture and ran around in jock straps, that would be more comparable to what Chastain did. And people would think they were ridiculous. Perhaps Chastain has a need to exhibit herself. But once again, her display introduced sex where it didn't belong.
That's a fact of life. It doesn't mean women athletes have no place in professional sports. Women's tennis has been profitable for years, and the sports in which women compete at the Olympics are among the most popular spectator events (skating and gymnastics).
It's terrific that women's soccer is now achieving popularity with a wide audience.
Kick the hell out of that ball, ladies. But keep your clothes
07/20/99: The media lose their heads, again


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Pilates is intelligent exercise. It challenges your mind and strengthens you from the inside out, enabling you to perform complex movements safely, with power and grace.
It evolved from the principles of Joseph Pilates and can dramatically transform the way your body looks, feels and performs.
Pilates workouts aim to create a balance of strength and flexibility in the body through a series of exercises on the mat and equipment. Developing a strong mind-body connection and incorporating the Pilates principles into a balanced workout, will lead to an increased level of body awareness that helps students translate their workout achievements to improved posture, strength and agility. You will look better, but more importantly, you will feel better!
Pilates sessions can focus on fitness, rehabilitation, sport-specific training, prenatal/postnatal and much more. We offer private sessions and small group classes to ensure the highest quality instruction.
Read more about the history of Joseph Pilates at on the Balanced Body website.
Pilates-based rehabilitation
A lot of people have correctable problems but don't know it or don't know that they can do something about it. Pilates-based rehabilitation is a way to learn about your body, correct faulty movement patterns, and reduce the likelihood of future injury. The basic goal is to restore functional efficiency within the body through muscle testing, manual therapy, Pilates-based corrective exercises, stretches and release work.
Please note that while the instructors at Agile Monkey have had great success with rehab clients, anyone suffering from an acute injury should always seek medical advice from a licensed medical provider (doctor, physical therapist, etc).
Agile Monkey instructors have worked with neurologists, osteopaths, physical therapists, acupuncturists and many other health care providers. We welcome the opportunity to learn from their experience and enjoy collaborating with other health professionals to ensure that we are all working toward the same goals.
Utilizing the versatility of Pilates equipment and their extensive movement background, instructors at Agile Monkey are able to work with athletes who want to improve their technique, strength, endurance and overall abilities within their field. We have worked with cyclists, rock climbers, golfers, swimmers, surfers, skiers, snowboarders, soccer players, tennis players, basketball players, gymnasts, aerialists, and dancers of all disciplines.
The goals and techniques are similar to Pilates-based Rehabilitation, but on the opposite extreme of the fitness spectrum. Usually when an athlete wants to improve their game, they need to address certain habits or limitations – many of which they aren't even aware of. By doing a postural analysis and identifying weak, tight or overactive muscle groups, instructors can create a targeted workout that will compliment their existing training routine, improve their skill-set, promote overall health and reduce the likelihood of future injury.
"As both a client and a fellow practitioner (acupuncture orthopedics), I have appreciated and benefited from Lisa's thorough, competent and devoted approach. She has guided my attention towards aspects of my posture that I had been neglecting, and helped me see new ways of addressing chronic low back and leg pain. Her exercise instruction is patient, precise, safe, and supportive. Her enthusiasm is catching and helps to keep me motivated to make more changes. I highly recommend her to anyone wishing to address chronic pain or structural imbalances through massage and exercise therapy."
–Anthony Von der Muhll, L.Ac., DNBAO, Owner of Integrative Health Care
"There is no way to overstate the influence Ky has had on my health. When I started seeing Ky a few years ago, I literally could not roll from my back to my stomach - that's how injured and weak I was after two children and an assortment of sports-related injuries. This morning I ran four miles. Enough said. Ky turned it all around for me with humor, kindness, resistance to whining and complaints, and a proactive plan of action. You couldn't ask for a more knowledgable, supportive person in your court."
–Bridgett Q, teacher
Exercise is an important part of a comfortable and healthy pregnancy. Using safe and cautious pregnancy protocols, Pilates instructors at Agile Monkey work with expectant mothers through all phases of their pregnancy in private and group class settings - helping them to stay fit, relaxed and physically prepared for the changes that they are going through.
Instructors can also design home programs for their clients to help them in the first few months after delivery so that they can keep their bodies healthy while caring for the needs of their newborn.
"Lisa really prepared me for my pregnancy by teaching me a series of great exercises designed to strengthen the areas needed for holding up my increasingly big belly. She also taught me wonderful stretches and self-massage techniques to help me stay limber and comfortable. The work with Lisa was so effective that I was the only woman in my prenatal group that didn't get back pain during pregnancy! I can't thank Lisa enough for giving me the tools to enjoy growing my big baby without the pain that can come with a changing body."
–Sharon Eisley, Artist & illustrator


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Having once paid almost double what it cost me to fly from Boston to LA for a Boston-New York trip, I've always wondered what bizarre rituals the powers-that-be at the airlines must go through to set their ticket prices. Something to do with chicken bones, an old soup can, and a pair of dice, perhaps? Thankfully, an MIT grad took on the challenge, as explained in this article in Wired. With diagrams, no less.
But, no matter how much you study the deals on Orbitz et al, remember this (from the article):
- The system is so complex that the problem of finding the cheapest airfare between two cities is considered mathematically unfathomable. According to a paper from the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics provided by ITA, "the problem of finding the cheapest airfare from point A to point B is unsolvable."
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text:
Iberdrola promise is not promising
The "promise" to invest billions of dollars in industrial wind development is exactly why we do not want Iberdrola in New York. Isn't the purpose of investing in renewable energy to reduce fossil fuel use and emissions? Big wind does nothing to meet those goals. Politicians are basing their support for wind on biased advertising and lobbying efforts rather than solid science and evidence.
Our power grid operates by providing a steady supply of electricity matched to consumer demand. Because wind is intermittent, variable and unpredictable, regular power plants equal to wind capacity must operate on standby, ready to balance the variations of wind. They burn fuel and produce emissions in this mode, but the electricity they would otherwise produce is wasted. How does this help the environment or the economy?
Billions in tax write-offs and subsidies for wind projects total more than developers get for selling the small amount of electricity that turbines produce. Supporting this ineffective industry posing as the "green" answer is a great disservice to the American public.
The writer is a member of Citizen Power Alliance.
June 17
This article is the work of the source indicated. Any opinions expressed in it are not necessarily those of National Wind Watch.
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on User Funding


text:
No. 06-1269
In the Supreme Court of the United States
Solicitor General
Counsel of Record
Acting Assistant Attorney
Deputy Solicitor General
Assistant to the Solicitor
Department of Justice
Washington, D.C. 20530-0001
(202) 514-2217
Whether an audit performed by a state agency is an "administrative * * * audit" within the meaning of the "public disclosure" provision of the False Claims Act, 31 U.S.C. 3730(e)(4)(A).
In the Supreme Court of the United States
No. 06-1269
This brief is submitted in response to the order of this Court inviting the Solicitor General to express the views of the United States. In the view of the United States, the petition for a writ of certiorari should be denied.
1. The False Claims Act (FCA), 31 U.S.C. 3729 et seq., establishes civil penalties for "[a]ny person" who "knowingly presents, or causes to be presented, to an officer or employee of the United States Government * * * a false or fraudulent claim for payment or approval." 31 U.S.C. 3729(a)(1). Suits to collect the civil penalties and statutory damages may be brought either by the Attorney General, or by a private person (known as a relator) in the name of the United States, in an action commonly referred to as a qui tam action. See 31 U.S.C. 3730(a) and (b)(1).
When a qui tam suit is brought, the government is given an opportunity to intervene to take over the suit. 31 U.S.C. 3730(b)(2) and (c)(3). If the government declines to in tervene, the relator conducts the litigation. 31 U.S.C. 3730(c)(3). If a qui tam action results in the recovery of damages or civil penalties, the award is divided between the government and the relator. 31 U.S.C. 3730(d).
The FCA's "public disclosure" provision states:
(4)(A) No court shall have jurisdiction over an action under this section based upon the public disclosure of allegations or transactions in a criminal, civil, or admin istrative hearing, in a congressional, administrative, or Government Accounting Office[1] report, hearing, audit, or investigation, or from the news media, unless the action is brought by the Attorney General or the person bringing the action is an original source of the informa tion.
(B) For purposes of this paragraph, "original source" means an individual who has direct and inde pendent knowledge of the information on which the alle gations are based and has voluntarily provided the in formation to the Government before filing an action un der this section which is based on the information.
31 U.S.C. 3730(e)(4).
2. Petitioner is the former executive director of a non- profit entity in California that receives federal and state funds to provide services for disabled persons. She brought this qui tam action against individual employees of the Cali fornia Department of Rehabilitation (CDR), the state agency that administers and distributes federal funds for such services pursuant to the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U.S.C. 701 et seq., and against certain recipients of CDR funding. This is the third qui tam suit in which petitioner has alleged that CDR employees conspired with others to obtain, through fraudulent certifications, federal Rehabili tation Act funds for which the CDR was not eligible. Pet. App. 2a, 11a.
a. Petitioner filed the first of those actions (Bly- Magee I) in 1992. The United States declined to intervene in the suit. The district court granted summary judgment for the defendants, and petitioner did not appeal. Pet. App. 2a, 14a.
b. Petitioner's second qui tam action, filed in 1997, cov ered conduct occurring from October 1988 to June 1997. Bly-Magee v. Lungren, 214 Fed. Appx. 642, 643 (9th Cir. 2006) (Bly-Magee II). The United States again declined to intervene. Pet. App. 2a. The district court again dismissed the suit. Bly-Magee II, 214 Fed. Appx. at 643.
In an unpublished opinion issued contemporaneously with the decision that is the subject of the instant certiorari petition, the court of appeals affirmed the dismissal in Bly- Magee II. See 214 Fed. Appx. at 643-644. With respect to the alleged submission of false claims between October 1988 and September 1992, the court held that petitioner's suit was barred by 31 U.S.C. 3730(e)(4)(A). 214 Fed. Appx. at 643. The court explained that "[t]he complaint in Bly- Magee II * * * was based on allegations that had been publicly disclosed in" Bly-Magee I, and that petitioner had failed to establish that she was an "original source" of the relevant information. Ibid. The court further held that peti tioner's remaining claims, which alleged the submission of false claims during a period (October 1992-June 1997) that was not covered by the allegations in Bly-Magee I, were properly dismissed because petitioner had failed to plead fraud with particularity as required by Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 9(b). See 214 Fed. Appx. at 643-644. Peti tioner has not sought further review of the court of appeals' affirmance of the dismissal in Bly-Magee II.
c. In October 2001, petitioner filed the instant suit (Bly- Magee III), which alleges that respondents submitted false claims from fiscal years 1995-1996 through 1999-2000. Pet. App. 3a. The district court dismissed the complaint pursu ant to the FCA's "public disclosure" bar, 31 U.S.C. 3730(e)(4)(A). Pet. App. 16a-22a.
3. The court of appeals affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded. Pet. App. 1a-9a. In disposing of peti tioner's claims, the court of appeals divided them into three time periods.
a. The court of appeals first considered petitioner's allegations that respondents had submitted false claims between October 1992 and June 1997, the period covered by the complaint in Bly-Magee II. Pet. App. 3a-4a. The court held that this portion of petitioner's current suit was barred by 31 U.S.C. 3730(e)(4)(A) because it was based upon alle gations that had been publicly disclosed in Bly-Magee I and petitioner had not demonstrated that she was an original source of the information. Pet. App. 3a-4a. Petitioner does not seek further review of that holding.
b. The court of appeals next considered petitioner's claims concerning conduct that allegedly occurred between June 1997 and June 30, 1999. Pet. App. 4a-9a. The court concluded that those claims were based on allegations that had been publicly disclosed in a report issued by the Cali fornia State Auditor in February 2000. Pet. App. 4a-5a. The court then addressed the question "whether disclosure in that report issued by a state agency, amounts to a 'public disclosure' for purposes of the False Claims Act." Id. at 5a.
The FCA's "public disclosure" provision encompasses public disclosures in, inter alia, a "congressional, adminis trative, or [General] Accounting Office report, hearing, au dit, or investigation." 31 U.S.C. 3730(e)(4)(A); see p. 2 & note 1, supra. The court noted that other courts of appeals have reached conflicting conclusions on the question whether that language encompasses "an administrative report, audit, or investigation prepared by a state entity (as opposed to the federal government)." Pet. App. 5a. The court noted in particular (ibid.) that the Third Circuit has construed the relevant statutory language to be limited to disclosures by federal government sources, see United States ex rel. Dunleavy v. County of Delaware, 123 F.3d 734, 745 (1997) (Dunleavy), whereas the Eighth Circuit has interpreted the same phrase to include state entity disclo sures, see Hays v. Hoffman, 325 F.3d 982, 988, cert. denied, 540 U.S. 877 (2003).
The court of appeals agreed with the Eighth Circuit's ruling in Hays and held that the relevant statutory lan guage "includes non-federal reports, audits, and investiga tions." Pet. App. 6a. The court found that view to be con sistent with a literal reading of the statutory language. Ibid. The court noted that "[t]he words 'congressional' 'ad ministrative' and 'Government Accounting Office' are sepa rated by commas and the conjunction 'or,'" and it inferred that "each word may be read as a separate modifier for the nouns that follow." Ibid.
The court of appeals also stated that its construction of the disputed language in this case was consistent with its prior decision in A-1 Ambulance Serv., Inc. v. California, 202 F.3d 1238, 1243 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 529 U.S. 1099 (2000). Pet. App. 6a. The FCA's "public disclosure" provi sion additionally covers disclosures in "criminal, civil, or administrative hearing[s]," and the court in A-1 Ambulance had interpreted that language to cover state and local (as well as federal) administrative hearings. 202 F.3d at 1244. In the instant case, the court of appeals stated that "the statute would seem to be inconsistent if it included state and local administrative hearings as sources of public dis closures and then, in the next breath, excluded state admin istrative reports as sources." Pet. App. 6a. Finding that petitioner's allegations were "clearly set forth in the State Auditor's report," which covered the CDR's conduct until June 30, 1999, the court concluded that those allegations had been publicly disclosed, and that petitioner had failed to establish that she was an "original source." Id. at 8a-9a.
c. The court of appeals reversed the district court's dismissal order with respect to petitioner's allegations that respondents had submitted false claims between June 30, 1999, and June 30, 2000. Pet. App. 9a. The court concluded that this portion of petitioner's complaint was not barred by Section 3730(e)(4)(A) because no allegations concerning that time period had been publicly disclosed. Ibid. The court therefore remanded those claims to the district court for further proceedings. Ibid.
4. On remand, the district court dismissed the allega tions concerning fiscal year 1999-2000 in petitioner's Sec ond Amended Complaint for failure to comply with Rule 9(b). United States ex rel. Bly-Magee v. Premo, No. CV 01- 08716 (C.D. Cal. May 3, 2007), slip op. 4-7. The court ex plained that petitioner's "allegations involving FY 1999- 2000 only restate the general and conclusory allegations she makes for all fiscal years." Id. at 6. Granted leave to amend, petitioner then filed her Third Amended Complaint, addressing only the 1999-2000 claims, which the district court likewise dismissed pursuant to Rule 9(b), also denying further leave to amend. Bly-Magee, supra (Aug. 1, 2007), slip op. 4-7. The district court denied reconsideration of that ruling on August 9, 2007. On August 29, 2007, peti tioner filed a notice of appeal from the district court's order dismissing her Third Amended Complaint.
The court of appeals' construction of 31 U.S.C. 3730(e)(4)(A) is erroneous and conflicts with the Third Cir cuit's decision in Dunleavy. In light of more recent Third Circuit rulings, however, and the likelihood that petitioner's claims would ultimately be rejected on the merits, the better course would be for this Court to await further de velopments rather than granting review now. The petition for a writ of certiorari therefore should be denied.
A. Section 3730(e)(4)(A) Does Not Encompass Public Disclo sures Made In State Administrative Audits
1. Section 3730(e)(4)(A) identifies three categories of "public disclosure[s]" that can trigger the FCA's jurisdic tional bar: (1) disclosures in "a criminal, civil, or adminis trative hearing"; (2) disclosures in "a congressional, admin istrative, or [General] Accounting Office report, hearing, audit, or investigation"; and (3) disclosures in "the news media." 31 U.S.C. 3730(e)(4)(A). The certiorari petition presents the question whether the second of those catego ries (Category 2) encompasses disclosures in state and local reports, hearings, audits, and investigations, or rather is limited to disclosures made in federal government proceed ings. More specifically, the issue is whether the February 2000 audit performed by the California State Auditor was an "administrative * * * audit" within the meaning of Section 3730(e)(4)(A).
Contrary to the court of appeals' ruling, Category 2 is properly construed as limited to disclosures made in a fed eral report, hearing, audit, or investigation. "Statutory language must be read in context and a phrase 'gathers meaning from the words around it.'" Jones v. United States, 527 U.S. 373, 389 (1999) (quoting Jarecki v. G.D. Searle & Co., 367 U.S. 303, 307 (1961)); see Gustafson v. Alloyd Co., 513 U.S. 561, 575 (1995) ("doctrine of noscitur a sociis" serves "to avoid ascribing to one word a meaning so broad that it is inconsistent with its accompanying words"). Of course, insofar as Category 2 applies to "con gressional" and "[General] Accounting Office" reports, etc., its coverage is unambiguously limited to disclosures made in federal proceedings. It is therefore unlikely "that the drafters of this provision intended the word 'administrative' to refer to both state and federal reports when it lies sandwiched between modifiers which are unquestionably federal in character." Dunleavy, 123 F.3d at 745.
That interpretation is confirmed by reading paragraph (A) of Section 3730(e)(4) in pari materia with paragraph (B), which defines "original source" for purposes of the public disclosure bar. That definition requires that, in order for the relator to qualify for the "original source" exception to the "public disclosure" bar, the relator must have volun tarily provided the information to "the Government" before filing a qui tam action. The most sensible reading of the jurisdictional bar in paragraph (A) is that it covers only public disclosures by the same government as "the Govern ment" referenced in the "original source" exception. And the single, capital G, "Government" referenced in para graph (B)'s "original source" exception is the federal gov ernment, as the numerous other references to "the Govern ment" elsewhere in 31 U.S.C. 3730 make clear.
Construing Category 2 (and Category 1, for that matter, see pp. 14-15, infra) as limited to federal proceedings is also supported by the purposes and history of the 1986 amend ments to the FCA, which added the current "public disclo sure" bar. Since its original enactment during the Civil War, the FCA has authorized qui tam relators to sue for the United States and for themselves, and to obtain a share of the government's recovery if the suit is successful. See United States ex rel. Marcus v. Hess, 317 U.S. 537, 551-552 (1943) (Marcus). Such private actions supplement govern ment enforcement efforts, and thereby deter fraud, by har nessing "the strong stimulus of personal ill will or the hope of gain." United States ex rel. Springfield Terminal Ry. v. Quinn, 14 F.3d 645, 649 (D.C. Cir. 1994) (Springfield) (quoting United States v. Griswold, 24 F. 361, 366 (D. Or. 1885)).
Congress has repeatedly amended the FCA's qui tam provisions in an effort to achieve "the golden mean between adequate incentives for whistle-blowing insiders with genu inely valuable information and discouragement of opportu nistic plaintiffs who have no significant information to con tribute of their own." Springfield, 14 F.3d at 649. Early in the FCA's history, "the statute was abused by qui tam suits brought by private plaintiffs who had no independent knowledge of fraud," Seal 1 v. Seal A, 255 F.3d 1154, 1158 (9th Cir. 2001), cert. denied, 535 U.S. 1017 (2002), yet could receive one-half of the proceeds. In Marcus, for example, this Court held that the FCA in its then-current form au thorized a qui tam suit brought by a relator who had de rived his allegations of fraud from a prior federal indict ment. See 317 U.S. at 545-548.
In 1943, shortly after this Court's decision in Marcus, Congress amended the FCA to divest the courts of jurisdic tion over qui tam suits that were "based on evidence or information the Government had when the action was brought." 31 U.S.C. 3730(b)(4) (1982).2 In that context, the unmodified reference to "the Government" unambiguously was limited to the government that could bring the action, i.e., the federal government. Based on its analysis of FCA enforcement practices under that version of the statute, Congress subsequently concluded that the bar to suits based on information already in the federal government's possession had precluded an unduly broad range of poten tial qui tam actions. See Springfield, 14 F.3d at 650 ("Con gress, in its attempt to evade Scylla, had steered precipi tously close to Charybdis.").
In 1986, as one aspect of comprehensive amendments to the FCA, Congress replaced the government-knowledge bar with Section 3730(e)(4). The result was to lift the bar to qui tam suits based solely on the fact that the relevant in formation was already in the federal government's posses sion, but to maintain the bar to the sort of opportunistic or parasitic suit involved in Marcus by prohibiting qui tam suits where the federal government itself (or the news me dia) not only possessed the information but had publicly disclosed it in the course of exposing, investigating, prose cuting, or otherwise pursuing the allegations of fraud. Con gress did, however, include an exception to the bar for situ ations in which the relator was the "original source" of the information that was later publicly disclosed by the federal government, thereby affording protection for the true in former even in the context of such public disclosures.
The legislative history of the 1986 amendments con firms that the bar applies only where the public disclosure was by the federal government itself. In the first place, the amendments were directed at modifying the government- knowledge bar, which, through its unmodified reference to "the Government," was clearly directed only to the federal government and its knowledge.
The text of the original bills in both Houses provides further support. The bill reported by the House Judiciary Committee provided that the court was to dismiss any qui tam action if it found that the action was "based on specific evidence or specific information which the Government dis closed as a basis for allegations made in a prior administra tive, civil, or criminal proceeding," or "based on specific information disclosed during the course of a congressional investigation or based on specific public information dis seminated by any news media." H.R. Rep. No. 660, 99th Cong., 2d Sess. 42 (1986) (proposed 31 U.S.C. 3730(b)(5)(A)) (emphasis added). The bill contained an exception, how ever, for situations in which the government took over the action within 60 days, or the government was aware of the information for at least six months before the relator filed suit but did not initiate a civil action within that period. Id. at 42-43 (proposed 31 U.S.C. 3730(b)(5)(B)). In this version, all the bill's references to the government clearly meant the federal government. The bill passed by the House of Rep resentatives contained that provision. See 132 Cong. Rec. 22,330, 22,331, 22,345 (1986).
The bill reported by the Senate Judiciary Committee contained a parallel, though differently worded provision. It provided that a person could not bring a qui tam action "within six months of the disclosure of specific information relating to such allegations or transactions in a criminal, civil, or administrative hearing, a congressional or Govern ment Accounting Office report or hearing, or from the news media." S. Rep. No. 345, 99th Cong., 2d Sess. 43 (1986) (proposed 31 U.S.C. 3730(e)(4)). Although the Senate bill was not expressly limited to disclosures by the federal gov ernment (in addition to the news media), there is no indica tion that it was meant to be fundamentally different from the House bill in this respect.
After the Senate bill was reported, the Senate adopted a substitute version of the bill. See 132 Cong. Rec. at 20,530. That provision contained a public disclosure bar that was identical for present purposes to 31 U.S.C. 3730(e)(4) as finally enacted. See 132 Cong. Rec. at 20,531 (proposed 31 U.S.C. 3730(e)(5)). In describing the substi tute's qui tam provisions, Senator Grassley, the principal sponsor, explained that "the term 'Government' in the defi nition of original source"-i.e., in that definition's require ment that the relator must have voluntarily informed "the Government" of the allegations prior to suit-"is meant to include any Government source of disclosures cited in sub section (5)(A) [subsection (4)(A) as enacted]; that is, Gov ernment includes Congress, the General Accounting Office, any executive or independent agency as well as all other governmental bodies that may have publicly disclosed the allegations." Id. at 20,536. This explanation makes clear that paragraphs (A) and (B) in Section 3730(e)(4) are to be read together and that the public disclosure bar in para graph (A) is triggered only by a disclosure made by a com ponent of the federal "Government" referred to in para graph (B). That interpretation of course is consistent with the express terms of the public disclosure bar in the bill passed by the House.
This interpretation is confirmed by this Court's explana tion of the 1986 amendments as expanding the range of qui tam actions that may now be brought. See Cook County v. United States ex rel. Chandler, 538 U.S. 119, 133 (2003) (Congress sought in 1986 to make the FCA more effective by, inter alia, "allow[ing] private parties to sue even based on information already in the Government's possession" and by "enhanc[ing] the incentives for relators to bring suit."); Hughes Aircraft Co. v. United States ex rel. Schumer, 520 U.S. 939, 950 (1997) (amendments "per mitt[ed] actions by an expanded universe of plaintiffs"); S. Rep. No. 345, supra, at 4 (stating that the 1986 FCA amendments were "aimed at correcting restrictive inter pretations of," inter alia, the statute's "qui tam jurisdic tion"). Under the court of appeals' interpretation of Section 3730(e)(4)(A), however, the effect of the 1986 amendments is significantly to expand not the "universe of plaintiffs," but the reach of the jurisdictional bar, to preclude qui tam suits based on information that has never been in the fed eral government's possession and that is unlikely to come to its attention. The court of appeals' approach would ex tend the jurisdictional bar to suits that could have pro ceeded even under the pre-1986 government-knowledge bar-viz., suits in which state, but not federal, authorities knew of the fraud. But there is no question that Congress's concern with the government-knowledge bar was that it excluded too many-not too few-qui tam actions.
Against this background, Category 2 in Section 3730(e)(4)(A) is properly construed, consistent with the most natural reading of its text, as limited to federal re ports, hearings, audits, and investigations. That interpreta tion also better serves the "twin goals" (Springfield, 14 F.3d at 651) of Section 3730(e)(4)-i.e., precluding qui tam actions when the government is already publicly looking into the relevant allegations and can prosecute its own suit, while promoting suits alleging possible fraud that the fed eral government is not publicly pursuing or may even be unaware of. While federal fraud inquiries and their out comes are readily available to Department of Justice attor neys, many state and local reports and investigations never come to the attention of federal authorities, and the theo retical availability of such state and local materials in no way suggests that the federal government is already look ing into the matter. Barring suits by qui tam relators based on disclosures from such state and local sources would therefore frustrate Congress's effort to strike an appropriate balance between encouraging private citizens to expose fraud unknown to or unaddressed by the federal government and preventing parasitic suits by would-be relators who add nothing to the government's store of perti nent information.
2. In A-1 Ambulance, the Ninth Circuit held that Cate gory 1 of Section 3730(e)(4)(A), which encompasses public disclosures in a "criminal, civil, or administrative hearing," covers state and local administrative hearings. See 202 F.3d at 1244. In the instant case, the court of appeals relied on that prior holding in construing Category 2 to cover state administrative audits and reports. The court ex plained that "the statute would seem to be inconsistent if it included state and local administrative hearings as sources of public disclosures and then, in the next breath, excluded state administrative reports as sources." Pet. App. 6a.
In the view of the United States, however, the Ninth Circuit in A-1 Ambulance erred in construing Category 1 to encompass state administrative hearings. Rather, con sistent with the text, history, and purposes of Section 3730(e)(4) as a whole, the phrase "criminal, civil, or admin istrative hearing" is properly construed as limited to hear ings involving the federal government. If Category 1 is read in that manner, the purported inconsistency perceived by the court of appeals disappears.3
Moreover, as explained above (see p. 8, supra), the ad jectives "congressional" and "[General] Accounting Office" in Category 2 of Section 3730(e)(4)(A) strongly suggest that the word "administrative" in that same phrase refers to federal administrative reports. If (as the court of appeals believed) it would be anomalous to treat one category as encompassing non-federal sources and the other category as excluding them, there is no evident reason to expand the coverage of Category 2 simply because Category 1, read in isolation, might appear to cover non-federal hearings. Rather, just as the word "administrative" within Category 2 should be construed in light of the accompanying adjec tives "congressional" and "[General] Accounting Office," construing Category 1 in light of Category 2's federal focus (not to mention the federal focus of the section as a whole as reinforced by the statutory evolution and legislative his tory) is consistent with the interpretive canon that a statu tory "phrase 'gathers meaning from the words around it.'" Jones, 527 U.S. at 389 (quoting Jarecki, 367 U.S. at 307).
B. Although A Circuit Conflict Exists On The Question Pre sented, Review Is Not Warranted In This Case
1. Like the Ninth Circuit in this case, the Eighth and Eleventh Circuits have construed Category 2 in Section 3730(e)(4)(A) to encompass disclosures made in non-federal reports and audits. See Hays, 325 F.3d at 989; Battle v. Board of Regents, 468 F.3d 755, 762 (11th Cir. 2006) (con cluding, without meaningful discussion, that a disclosure in a state audit was encompassed by Category 2). The Third Circuit, by contrast, has held that, in Category 2, the term "'administrative' when read with the word 'report' refers only to those administrative reports that originate with the federal government." Dunleavy, 123 F.3d at 745. The court in Dunleavy found it "hard to believe that the draft ers of this provision intended the word 'administrative' to refer to both state and federal reports when it lies sandwiched between modifiers which are unquestionably federal in character." Ibid. The Third Circuit also ex plained that state audits and reports often will not come to the attention of federal authorities, ibid., and that "a broad reading of 'administrative reports' would be fundamentally inconsistent with the purpose and tenor of the 1986 [FCA] amendments," ibid.
Respondents appear to acknowledge (Br. in Opp. 4-6) that the Ninth Circuit's decision in this case cannot be rec onciled with the Third Circuit's analysis in Dunleavy. Re spondents contend (id. at 6-9), however, that subsequent Third Circuit decisions have lessened the force of Dunleavy. That overstates matters. Although the Third Circuit in more recent cases has distinguished Dunleavy on various grounds, none of those decisions suggests disap proval of the Dunleavy court's construction of Category 2.
In United States ex rel. Mistick PBT v. Housing Au thority, 186 F.3d 376, 384 (3d Cir. 1999) (Alito, J.), cert. denied, 529 U.S. 1018 (2000), the court of appeals held that a federal agency's disclosure of records in response to a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request was a "public disclosure" covered by Category 2. The court noted that "[t]his holding is entirely consistent with our holding in Dunleavy that a report prepared at the behest of a county was not itself an 'administrative report' because it did not 'originate with the federal government.'" Id. at 384 n.5 (quoting Dunleavy, 123 F.3d at 745). In United States ex rel. Paranich v. Sorgnard, 396 F.3d 326 (3d Cir. 2005) (Paranich), the court more recently held, based on its prior decisions in United States ex rel. Stinson, Lyons, Gerlin & Bustamante, P.A. v. Prudential Ins. Co., 944 F.2d 1149 (3d Cir. 1991) (Stinson), and Mistick, that Section 3730(e)(4)(A) encompassed two state-court complaints and a report ob tained from the federal government pursuant to FOIA. See Paranich, 396 F.3d at 329-330, 333. The court in Paranich expressed no disapproval of any aspect of Dunleavy's rea soning, and it was not presented with the specific question whether Category 2 of Section 3730(e)(4)(A) encompasses audits or reports prepared by a state agency.4
Most recently, in United States ex rel. Atkinson v. Pennsylvania Shipbuilding Co., 473 F.3d 506 (3d Cir. 2007) (Atkinson), the court took Dunleavy as its starting point in considering whether public documents that do not qualify as "public disclosure[s]" under Section 3730(e)(4)(A) can nevertheless prevent a relator from establishing his status as an "original source" within the meaning of Section 3730(e)(4)(B). The court in Atkinson held that a relator whose claim was entirely based on information obtained from his examination of state records that were not "ob scure" lacked sufficiently direct and independent knowl edge to qualify as an original source. See id. at 522-523. As in Paranich, the court distinguished rather than disap proved Dunleavy, explaining that "[s]imply because a state record cannot serve as a source of publicly disclosed allega tions and transactions for purposes of § 3730(e)(4)(A), Dunleavy, 123 F.3d at 744-45, does not mean that the public nature of the state records is irrelevant under the direct and independent knowledge language of § 3730(e)(4)(B)." Id. at 520 n.21.
Thus, there is a circuit conflict on the specific question presented here. But the Third Circuit-the only court of appeals to limit Category 2 to federal government enti ties-has itself disagreed with one aspect of the govern ment's position, namely that both Category 1 and Category 2 are limited to disclosures by the federal government. See p. 16 & note 4, supra (citing Stinson and Paranich). In these circumstances, and because the resolution of the "public disclosure" issue appears unlikely to affect the ulti mate outcome of this case, see pp. 18-20, infra, the better course appears to be to await further development of the issue in the lower courts.
2. On remand from the court of appeals' decision in the instant case, the district court dismissed petitioner's claims concerning fiscal year 1999-2000, explaining that peti tioner's allegations did not satisfy Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 9(b) because they "only restate the general and conclusory allegations [petitioner] makes for all fiscal years." United States ex rel. Bly-Magee v. Premo, No. CV 01-08716 (C.D. Cal. May 3, 2007), slip op. 6, ; see p. 9, supra. That characterization of petitioner's complaint strongly suggests that the district court regarded petitioner's claims concerning the earlier time period (the claims that are pres ently before this Court) as likewise inadequately particular ized. And particularly in light of the Ninth Circuit's deci sion in Bly-Magee II, which held that petitioner's claims as to the October 1992-June 1997 period did not satisfy Rule 9(b) (see 214 Fed. Appx. at 643-644; pp. 3-4, supra), there is a substantial likelihood that petitioner's claims for June 1997-June 30, 1999 will ultimately be held to be no different from the claims for the periods that preceded and followed them, and be dismissed as insufficiently particularized even if this Court holds that they are not barred by Section 3730(e)(4).5
The court of appeals has not addressed the question whether petitioner's allegations concerning the June 1997- June 30, 1999 time period satisfy Rule 9(b)'s particularity requirement. Rather, the Ninth Circuit affirmed the dis missal of those claims solely on the ground that they were barred by Section 3730(e)(4). It is therefore theoretically possible that petitioner will prevail on the merits if this Court grants certiorari and holds that the suit can go for ward. Nevertheless, the likelihood that petitioner's claims would ultimately be rejected on other grounds even if the "public disclosure" issue were resolved in her favor rein forces the conclusion that resolution of the question by this Court should await further consideration by the courts of appeals.
The petition for a writ of certiorari should be denied.
Respectfully submitted.
Solicitor General
Acting Assistant Attorney
Deputy Solicitor General
Assistant to the Solicitor
1 Section 3730(e)(4)(A) as enacted refers to the "Government Accounting Office." Both the compilers of the United States Code and the courts have construed that term to refer to the General Accounting Office (now renamed the Government Accountability Office). See 31 U.S.C. 3730 n.2 ("So in original. Probably should be 'General.'"); United States ex rel. Mistick PBT v. Housing Auth., 186 F.3d 376, 387 (3d Cir. 1999) (Alito, J.), cert. denied, 529 U.S. 1018 (2000).
2 Although the Senate version of the 1943 amendments contained an exception to the jurisdictional bar for suits brought by relators who were the "original source" of the government's information, that pro vision was dropped from the enacted version without explanation. S. Rep. No. 345, 99th Cong., 2d Sess. 12 (1986).
3 The courts of appeals that have addressed the question have all held or assumed that Category 1 encompasses hearings conducted by state and local governments. See, e.g., United States ex rel. Paranich v. Sorgnard, 396 F.3d 326, 330, 333 (3d Cir. 2005); United States ex rel. Siller v. Becton Dickinson & Co., 21 F.3d 1339, 1341, 1350 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 928 (1994); United States ex rel. Reagan v. East Tex. Med. Ctr. Reg'l Healthcare Sys., 384 F.3d 168, 174 (5th Cir. 2004); United States ex rel. Gilligan v. Medtronic, Inc., 403 F.3d 386, 390 (6th Cir. 2005), cert. denied, 546 U.S. 1094 (2006); United States ex rel. Hafter v. Spectrum Emergency Care, Inc., 190 F.3d 1156, 1161 n.6 (10th Cir. 1999).
4 The court in Paranich did conclude, however, contrary to the view of the United States, that Category 1 of Section 3730(e)(4)(A) encom passes disclosures made in state-court litigation. Given the view of both the United States and the Ninth Circuit that it would be anomalous for Category 1 and Category 2 to have a different reach with respect to non-federal entities, there is some tension between Paranich and Dunleavy. The Paranich decision did not introduce that tension, however. Even before Dunleavy was decided, the Third Circuit in Stinson had held that Category 1 encompasses state-court disclosures. See Stinson, 944 F.2d at 1151, 1157-1160 & n.9; Dunleavy, 123 F.3d at 744-746 (distinguishing Stinson).
5 Petitioner's claims for the period from June 1997 to June 30, 1999 might also be subject to dismissal on the ground that they were based on information that had been publicly disclosed in Bly-Magee I and/or Bly-Magee II. The Ninth Circuit concluded, without analysis, that the complaint in Bly-Magee II barred only claims arising in the period covered by the allegations in that complaint. See Pet. App. 4a. Accordingly, it held that petitioner could pursue her claims for the period 1999-2000, even though allegations concerning the same basic fraudulent scheme had been publicly disclosed in two prior complaints. Other courts of appeals, by contrast, have found the bar in Section 3730(e)(4) to be applicable even when relators alleged that false claims had been submitted outside the time frames covered by the relevant public disclosures. See, e.g., United States ex rel. Boothe v. Sun Healthcare Group, Inc., 496 F.3d 1169, 1173-1174 (10th Cir. 2007) (bar triggered by public disclosure in prior qui tam suits of same fraudulent scheme but for different years); United States ex rel. Settlemire v. District of Columbia, 198 F.3d 913, 918-919 (D.C. Cir. 1999) (disclosure in congressional hearings regarding the manner in which District of Columbia was spending federal funds triggered "public disclosure" bar, even though hearings occurred prior to some misspending alleged in relator's complaint).


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6 Eating & Juicing Tips For A Healthy Colon
We always think of green in March for St. Patrick's Day but this March and all year long, boast your blue too, for Colorectal Cancer Awareness. Colorectal cancer affects men and women and is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in the US each year with 140,000 new diagnoses.
Colorectal cancer can be highly preventable with:
- Healthy plant-based diet
- Regular physical activity
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Limiting alcohol and avoiding smoking
- Regular screening especially for men & women ages 50-75 (some at high risk need earlier screening; speak with your doctor)
Let's take a closer look at how lifestyle habits can help reduce your risk for colorectal cancer. Watch this video to learn more about what you can do for prevention.
- Eat More Apples (& Veggies)
An apple a day might really keep the doctor away… at least your GI oncologist. Preliminary research is looking at how natural phytonutrients found in apples may have therapeutic actions in fighting the development or progression of colorectal cancer cells.Eating choices may even be able to target specific areas of the colon for encouraging prevention of colorectal cancer. An Australian study found those eating more compared to less cruciferous veggies had a 40% lower risk for developing proximal colon cancer (closer to your small intestine), think of broccoli, cabbage, kale, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, radishes, arugula(rocket). Those eating more fruits and veggies overall as well as specifically, dark yellow vegetables and apples had up to half the risk of developing distal colon cancer (closer to and/or your rectum).
- Looking for a great cruciferous-based juice?
Try: Crisp N Clean, Bountiful Brassica, and Love your Broccoli
- Looking for a dark yellow veggie juice? This group includes some carotenoid-rich orange choices too like carrots, winter squash.
Try: Sunny G Juice, Australia Gold Juice or Harvest Cinnamon Spice Juice
- More Plants, Some Fish, Less Meat
Beyond just fruits and veggies, a plant-based diet, which includes whole grains, nuts, seeds, beans, legumes, may offer additional protection. A new study, shows that vegetarians had about 22% less risk of developing colorectal cancer, while plant-based eaters who included fish & seafood once a month and had the biggest risk reduction at 43%. These Pesco-vegetarians also limited meat consumption to once per month, another important colorectal cancer preventive strategy. Red meat intake has long been associated with increased risk for developing this type of cancer.Whether it's the fiber, folate or phytonutrients in plants that help to lower colorectal cancer risk, the take home message is that delicious, meatless meals may help.
- Try these main course meals packed with not only fiber but also protein, thanks plants!
- Enjoy Fiber-Rich Juices
Yes that is possible! Fruits and veggies with more soluble vs insoluble fiber can lead to a more fiber-full juice. The soluble fiber, which also helps lower cholesterol, is more likely to pass into your fresh juice since it's water-soluble. The pulp that comes out the back of your juicer contains much of the other type, insoluble fibers. Apples, pears, oranges, beets are a few examples of soluble fiber rich produce. Try this Beet-ini juice, sans the alcohol.
- Find Folic Acid in Foods
Folate or folic acid, found in green leafy veggies, citrus fruits, fortified breads, multivitamins, B-complex vitamins and other supplements may be either cancer preventive or cancer promoting. It really depends on the person, their diet and other individual factors. Diets lacking in folic acid have been shown to increase risk, but for those who received longer-term supplementation over three years, it may actually increase risk of colorectal cancer. Consuming "too much" isn't really occurring because Americans are loading up on kale and oranges, what pushes some over their personal limit has more to do with the combination of high intake of fortified food consumption in packaged bread products, along with popping supplements haphazardly. Folate supplements were touted in the late '90s for helping reduce heart disease risk, and are absolutely critical in pre-natal vitamins and fortified foods for preventing certain birth defects, but today we understand the importance of personalizing not only your eating or dietary choices but your supplements as well. More is not always better… or safe.
- Looking for a folic acid-rich juice?
Try: Green Orange Juice and Citrus Inspired Green Juice
- Get More Sunshine (& Vitamin D)
The "sunshine" vitamin has received a lot of attention for its role in everything from mood to cancer prevention. Oh yea, and bones. New research highlights D's positive influence on our immune system and how boosting our immune defenses can lower risk for colon cancer. Vitamin D isn't technically a vitamin; it's actually a hormone, once your body activates it. Vitamins are essential, meaning we must eat them because our body can't create them by itself. Vitamin D is different in this way, because we can make or activate it from exposure to UV light. However, in many regions of the world, direct sunlight is lacking for a good portion of the year, inhibiting us from creating the active D we need. Speak with you doctor about getting a blood test to determine if you're at risk for being deficient or insufficient in D and how much supplement may be best for you to take.Watch more on Vitamin D & Cancer in this video.
- Watch Your Weight
Limiting weight gain, especially around your mid-section, is another important strategy for reducing colorectal cancer risk. Read about Success Story, Kyle G, working on weight management through healthy lifestyle while fighting colon cancer.


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SQA Expenditure 2013-14
SQA - Return for the accounting period 1 April 2013 to 31 March 2014
The Public Services Reform (Scotland) Act 2010 (PSRA) came into force on 1 October 2010. Sections 31 to 32 of the Act, places duties on listed public bodies to provide and publish information on expenditure and certain other matters. The Act requires the SQA, along with other public bodies, to publish information on.
Expenditure in relation to:
- public relations
- overseas travel
- hospitality and entertainment
- external consultancy
- payments with a value in excess of £25,000
- members or employees who receive remuneration in excess of £150,000
- sustainable economic growth
- efficiency, effectiveness and economy
The expenditure information, to be disclosed under the requirements of the PSRA 2010 Act, is provided for each of the categories noted below where relevant:
- core activity:
- SQA's function as Scotland's national awarding body.
- programme grant activity:
- Government funded activity such as the Accreditation function and
- initiatives such as the Scottish Survey of Literacy and Numeracy and Curriculum for Excellence
- other Income generating activity:
- including international activity and specialised awarding.
Public Relations
Includes marketing, advertising campaigns, media relations, design, external events, conferences and exhibitions, sponsorship, publications and media planning.
|Core activity and other income generating activity
|Programme grant activity
|Total Spend
Overseas Travel
|Core activity
|Programme grant activity
|Other Income generating activity
|Total Spend
Hospitality and Entertainment
|Core activity
|Programme grant activity
|Other Income generating activity
|Total Spend
External Consultancy
|Core activity
|Programme grant activity
|Other Income generating activity
|Total Spend
Payments with a Value in Excess of £25,000
|See separate schedule (229 KB) specifying the amount of each individual payment in excess of £25,000, the payee, the date paid, the subject matter and the activity category.
|Total Spend
Remuneration in Excess of £150,000
Members or Employees who received remuneration in Excess of £150,000
No member or employee received this level of remuneration.
Sustainable Growth and Efficiency, Effectiveness & Economy
A statement for each of the above is provided in the SQA's annual report and accounts (1.03 MB).


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The URL /magazineissue/headquarters-82-march-edition-2018 was not found.
Supported by the European Society of Association Executives (ESAE) and the Union of International Associations (UIA), Headquarters Magazines serve the needs of international associations organizing worldwide congresses.
Supported by the European Management Assistants Association (EUMA), European Cities Marketing (ECM) and Site, MIM Europe is designed for corporate meetings and incentives planners based all over Europe.


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Part of We Remember Stories, Not Facts: Wu Tsang in Residence
Exuberant and witty, Hail the New Puritan (85 min) is a simulated day-in-the-life "docufantasy" starring the British dance celebrity Michael Clark. Atlas's fictive portrait of the charismatic choreographer serves as a vivid invocation of the studied decadence of the 1980s post-punk London subculture. Contriving a faux cinéma vérité format in which to stage his stylized fiction, Atlas seamlessly integrates Clark's extraordinary dance performances into the docu-narrative flow. Focusing on Clark's flamboyantly postured eroticism and the artifice of his provocative balletic performances, Atlas posits the dance as a physical manifestation of Clark's psychology. From the surreal opening dream sequence to the final solo dance, Clark's milieu of fashion, clubs, and music signifies for Atlas "a time capsule of a certain period and context in London that's now gone."
Documentary artist Matt Wolf joins Charles Atlas following the screening in a conversation that explores new possibilities of narrative expression in documentary filmmaking.
Charles Atlas is a filmmaker and video artist who has created numerous works for stage, screen, museum, and television. Atlas is a pioneer in the development of media-dance, a genre in which original performance work is created directly for the camera. Atlas worked as filmmaker in residence with the Merce Cunningham Dance Company for ten years. Many of Atlas's works have been collaborations with choreographers, dancers, and performers, including Yvonne Rainer, Michael Clark, Douglas Dunn, Marina Abramovic, Diamanda Galas, John Kelly, and Leigh Bowery. Television Dance Atlas—the artist's critically acclaimed prime-time event on Dutch television—was a four-hour montage of original and found footage incorporating dance styles as varied as ballet, burlesque, and figure skating. Atlas also creates video installation works. "The Hanged One"—a work inspired by symbolism from the Tarot and foot-fetish culture—incorporated numerous video elements as well as rotoscopes, motorized mannequins, and theatrical lighting. Atlas is the recipient of three Bessie (New York Dance and Performance) Awards. His feature-length film Merce Cunningham: A Lifetime of Dance won the Best Documentary Award at Dance Screen 2000 in Monaco. His work has been shown at international institutions including the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; the Museum of Modern Art, New York; Musée National d'Art Moderne at the Centre Geoerges Pompidou, Paris; the Institute of Contemporary Arts, London; the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles; and the Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam. Atlas acted as Consulting Director for Art21 (Seasons 2-4), creating the original Program Opens for each hour-long segment of Season 2, as well as supervising the "Stories," "Loss & Desire," "Memory," "Play," "Protest," and "Paradox" episodes. Atlas lives and works in New York City and Paris.
Matt Wolf is a filmmaker in New York. His film Wild Combination, about the avant-garde cellist and disco producer Arthur Russell, was released to much acclaim in 2009. He is currently at work on a new film, Teenage, about the creation of youth culture and the pre-history of teenagers with the British punk author Jon Savage. He is a recent Guggenheim Fellow.
About Wu Tsang in Residence
We Remember Stories, Not Facts is a series of contextualizing and investigative programs conceived in collaboration with Wu Tsang as part of his residency at the New Museum this June. Each program is designed to illuminate and expand upon various aspects of Tsang's new film and performance project Full Body Quotation (FBQ). FBQ samples audio clips and quotations from the unknown (and known) cannon of transgender cinema—channeling them into live performance. In the tradition of drag realness, Tsang maintains a studied and irreverent relationship to the social "realities" that produced the original films. By appropriating, re-embodying, and remixing these voices, FBQ explores self-representation and context as a performance in and of itself. Conceived as a follow-up to the performance PIG (Politically Involved Girls), which was presented last year at X-Initative in collaboration with Zackary Drucker and Marriana Marroquin, this is Tsang's directorial debut. The New Museum presents FBQ as a live performance in November as part of Performa 2011, with subsequent exhibitions of a resulting short film in 2012.
Wu Tsang is a performer and filmmaker who lives in Los Angeles. His projects have been presented at X-Initiative (New York), Sala de Art Publico Siqueiros (Mexico City), Oberhausen (Germany), REDCAT (Los Angeles), and the 2010 California Biennial. Tsang was a 2010 Independent Filmmaker Project Documentary Fellow for his first feature WILDNESS (currently in post-production).
Sunday, June 26, 2011 | 2:00 PM


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McCall's Post G 1970 Made exclusively for Post Cereals Mini Maxi Midi Dress and Pants Top A has right side vent. Top B has roll collar and pockets. All tops have center back zipper. Pants have elastic at waist.
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replica Padlock Gucci Bengal shoulder bag -shopping guide priced at 98.00 USD
Shop for 1:1 quality replica Padlock Gucci Bengal shoulder bag online website, priced at 98.00 USD. Please click "share" and "subscribe" buttons under the pictures , so you don't miss out on any future luxury bags! Thank you so much for supporting!
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大起大落: 我家小区的房价
My home price has been on a roller coaster ride
My home price has been on a roller coaster ride
Toronto has enjoyed a decade-long real estate boom, as the house price surge continues to cross into jaw dropping territories. The seemingly perpetual growth has led many people believe that property investments are both lucrative and safe, and as a result, investors have jumped on the bandwagon in droves.
The buying frenzy has also swept through my neighbourhood – where most homeowners are Asians. Quite a few of neighbours have bought several homes on the street, with one resident purchasing three properties within a mile's distance.
Almost all of the multiple property purchasers are newcomers from China, who came to Canada within the last ten years. I understand the psychology behind this homeownership mania. China's decades-long housing market boom has created properties bonanza, and turned almost every citizen into a property investor, with many owning multiple properties.
"The more properties you grab the more fortune you make," a Chinese friend told me, "but buy and hold is the key… if you sell them too early, you will end up losing badly."
He then told me a sad story of one of his friends, who bought a two-bedroom apartment unit in a second tier city of China in the early 2000s. The price of the property surged by hundreds of thousands RMB amid a sharp market rally, and he decided to cash in the profit by selling it. But the joy of seeing his bank account surge was short lived as he found just a few months later that the price of his unit went up another notch: by then, all the proceeds in his bank account could afford only ¾ size of the unit he had sold.
"Basically, he lost a bedroom by doing that!" said the friend.
But the belief that the housing market will be in perpetual growth is a misguided perception, and a property bonanza will not last forever. In fact, housing markets in Canada, despite its safe haven status, are not immune to volatility and are prone to bubbles.
我在1990年代初来到加国时所了解到的第一大新闻就是 1980年代末的房市泡沫破灭。在房市泡沫高峰期前,五年期固定房贷利率升至12.7%,借贷成本也随之大幅飙升。失业率猛增,加之移民流入量下降最终引爆房市泡沫破裂,导致大多伦多地区房价一泻千里。其中多伦多市中心受创最为严重,房价暴跌近50%。在利率上调后,许多家庭投资者因为不堪债务重负而被迫止赎房屋。
When I arrived in Canada in the early 1990's, the first thing I learned was the housing bubble burst in the late 1980's. During the peak of the bubble, the borrowing costs soared as 5 year fixed mortgage rates reached 12.7%. A spike of unemployment and a drop in the inflow of immigrants triggered the burst of bubble, leaving home prices in GTA collapsed. Prices in downtown Toronto, the area that was hit the worst, suffered a 50% loss in prices. When interest rates skyrocketed, many home investors burdened by the heavy debt load were forced to have their homes foreclosed.
Most of the homes in my neighbourhood were built in the 1970's, where the first buyers paid around $40-50,000. Today, those same homes are worth more than $1 million. Mrs. Chow, the previous owners of my house, bought it for $400,000 in the early 1980s. Since then the house price embarked on a journey that has been on a roller coaster ride. It dropped to only $200,000 during the housing crash in the late 1980's, and then slowly climbed up to over $300,000. I still remember the delight and joy that she and her agent expressed as we offered a price that was much higher than the bottom, but still lower than the price at which she purchased.
Ms. Chow, a middle aged couple from Hong Kong came to visit their old home once several years after we moved in. Knowing that the price had gone up exorbitantly, she seemed quite emotional as tears welled up in her eyes. Nostalgic or regret? I can't say. But the only thing I know was that if she wanted to buy back the home, she would have lost several bedrooms now with the proceeds she got from us.
这是不是给过热房市敲响警钟,显示跌宕起伏的房市步入衰退期? 根据多伦多房市以往的波动规律,只有傻子才会相信房价上升会永远持续下去。
But could it be a red flag for an overheated market, or a sign that we are heading for the downhill side of the roller coaster? Given the turbulent history of Toronto housing market, only a fool would believe that the price surge will go on forever.
我们鼓励所有读者在我们的文章和博客上分享意见。We are committed to maintaining a lively but civil forum for discussion, so we ask you to avoid personal attacks, and please keep your comments relevant and respectful. Visit the FAQ page for more information.


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New Orleans smells like piss, shit and powder sugar. I came here on Monday afternoon, shortly after I wrote that last blog post about Memphis and travelling through Mississippi by train.
It's weird with American state borders. Hardly any of them are natural. Once upon a time someone drew on a map with a ruler and decided what state was which. So shortly I after I had written what I wrote about Mississippi we crossed the magical ruler border to Louisiana and suddenly I was in another world.
The train went across a massive swamp, there were turtles sitting on logs, I saw a bald headed eagle in a tree top and footprints by alligators by the muddy shore. There were houses on high poles in Lake Pontchartrain and the sun was shining ever so brightly. A man who just had come out of prison sat next to me on observation deck and started to talk to me. He wanted to share his hamburger with me. I was very hungry since I hadn't eaten all day, but I told him I was full. He got a little offended, but apart from that we got along pretty well.
The day before I left Memphis I didn't know where to stay once I got to New Orleans, but a Facebook post changed that. Hennessy Williams, skater for Big Easy Rollergirls and coach for New Orleans Brass Roller Derby (the men's league in Town) knew someone who knew someone I stayed with earlier on this trip and even though she was gonna be out of town for half of my stay here she let me stay at her house. How amazing is that? I love the roller derby community!
She lives right in the French Quarter which is just everything you imagined New Orleans to be: colorful wooden houses with french balconies, really good musicians at every street corner, jazz at every bar, and the smell of piss, shit and powder sugar of course. The piss and shit probably come from all those horse carriages which guides tourists through the French Quarter, but probably also from all the young boho/troll/punk/traveler/drifters who seem to take pride in being as dirty as possible. They are quite cute though, with their dogs and their guitars. They kind of remind me of the street punkrockers in Berlin. But these have a "Rasmus pa luffen"-touch.
I couldn't be bothered uploading a video of street musicians even though I have plenty. So this crappy picture will have to do.
The powder sugar smell doesn't come from horses or drifters, but from those beignet cakes covered in it that are so popular here. They are pretty good, but mainly like a doughnut, you know: deep friend and covered in sugar.
My first impression of Nola, as they call it, was good – don't mistake the smells for being something bad. I loved it so much I started to cry when I had my first meal here. It might have been from me not eating all day, or from the fact that I accidentally walked in to a fancy restaurant and it felt very depressing eating there by myself. Yes, I do cry a lot, so I know it doesn't necessarily mean anything at all.
The days here have passed very quickly. The first two were warm like Swedish summer days and I just strolled around and looked at everything pretty. And almost everything is pretty here so that takes quite a while. I even bought my first Christmas presents for the season, that is probably a new record. I have hardly taken any photos. Sometimes when everything is pretty I find it hard to decide what is worthy of documenting and I end up documenting nothing.
Some not so good attempts of trying to picture all the pretty.
I took the streetcar to a fancy neighbourhood with huge houses and oaks with Spanish moss and pearl necklaces from endless of mardi gras parades dangling of them. I took another streetcar to some cemeteries. Here everyone is buried in a mausoleum because you can't bury people underground because of the swampiness. The ground on all of these cemeteries is covered in seashells. I love cemeteries, especially dramatic ones like these. I walked around there crying (surprised?) looking at all these mausoleums filled with the remains of families that have lived in this city for hundreds of years. When I die I want my grave to be majestic. When my brother died that didn't seem like the right thing for him, so we spread his ashes in a waterfall. But if I die before you – please remember what I am writing now. I want a mausoleum with statues of animals on my grave, I want flowers – both real and fake, and I want it to feel kind of spooky.
Since we all have to leave this earth, why not leave something classy behind.
I have also played roller derby in Nola, ofcourse. This whole trip is about roller derby and I havent yet visited a place without skating. I went to two practices here, one was a scrimmage and probably the most fun so far during my time in USA. I can't really say what made it so much fun. It was just a great atmosphere and I jammed and scored. It's always fun to score and since I don't do it very often it's a big adrenalin rush of feeling that you for once in your life is doing something good. The second practice was mainly about weaving and doing sharp cuts. Technique drills are always good and you really cant practice them enough. But a 45 minutes of squatting and lifting tractor wheels of skates (I am not joking. We lifted tractor wheels, and I tried to act cool and decided to take on the wheel that was twice the size of the other wheels) and 1 hrs and 15 minutes of technique killed my legs. I haven't been able to walk properly all day. And I know it's gonna be even worse tomorrow. Luckily the only physical activity I'm doing tomorrow is kayaking, so it will be all upper body. We're going to a swamp and I'm so excited about seeing alligators and turtles.
I have prepared myself for the wildlife awesomeness by going to both the zoo and the aquarium. One of the BERG- roller girls work at the zoo and could give me and one other person tickets to both places. Which was great because the summer heat that I enjoyed so much during my first two days here quickly turned to Gothenburg weather with five degrees Celsius, wind and rain. Apparently that's what the weather is like here: summer one day, horrible the next. Not really trustworthy.
The other person I brought to zoo and aquarium was Killa, a male roller derby player that Hennessy Williams hooked me up with since he is kind of new in town and had two days off work. Apart from going to the zoo and the aquarium we have visited voodooo priestess' Marie Laveau's grave, had Cajun food, looked at remains of Katrina and done all sorts of touristy things. Apparently I have made him do more exploration of New Orleans in a couple of days than he has done in two months. So even though I've been feeling like a lazy tourist I'm apparently still active enough to impress Americans.
Are comments really necessary?
The Katrina remains were interesting. It has almost been 10 years since the hurricane and in the neighbourhoods that was hit hardest there are still houses lying on the ground in big piles of planks. Other houses are abandoned and have big holes in them. Every now and then you see an old staircase made of bricks that once led to a house. At the same time as these remains reminds us about the past there is a hopeful feeling in these neighbourhoods: New built houses, community gardens and such. But I felt the threat of future disasters. So much of New Orleans is below sea level. There are levees to protect the city from flooding, but when you are standing on the levee you can actually see how much higher the water on lake Pontchartrain is than the surrounding land.
I mentioned to Killa that I was getting sick of eating out every day, almost every meal. He took those words to heart and brought me yellow fin tuna he had caught by himself and cooked a really nice meal for me. I'm sorry dad, but that might have been the best fish I have ever had. I still think you are the best cook though. It's just something about really fresh tuna… I think we ate about half a kilo fish each because it was so good and the piece was so big. Even the food they kill for themselves here is big. I am also becoming bigger. My jeans are way tighter than they were when I came here five weeks ago. Just like i feared. I don't know why I am becomming so obsessed with my body, but I am. And at the same time I can't really bother about being healthy while I'm on this trip which I planned for me to enjoy to the fullest. It's a weird duality and I don't know what I really want. Or who I am – in any aspect of life. One of the reasons I made this trip was to figure out things like that. I don't think I have figured out anything new really, apart from that I'm getting closer to do god hockeystops.
Big tuna cooked by an american coast guard.
This blog post turned out really weird and unfocused. I don't really know what happened, or maybe I do. I went to a party half way through and came back after the party and continued writing. Tomorrow night I'm leaving for Florida. Hoping to be able to write something with more substance on the 14 hour long bus ride there…
Lots of love,
Your Vulvo


text:
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Stress and burnout are the most common problems for those who care for someone with Alzheimer's disease. And, in turn, caregiver stress -- the emotional strain of tending to a loved one -- is one o...
Memory Care vs. Assisted Living
About seven in 10 adults over 65 will require long-term care at some point in their lives, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. If your parents or other aging loved on...
Memory Care Checklist: What to Look for, What to Ask
Choosing the right residential care facility is hard, and choosing the right memory care facility is even harder. Here are some questions to ask to help make the decision easier. As with any resid...
How to Find the Alzheimer's Care Facility That is Right for You
Paying for Memory Care: 7 Things to Know
A relatively new alternative to at-home care for someone with dementia is a residential community that specializes in dementia care. Known as "memory care" or "Alzheimer's care," such housing is in...