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Felipe Rincon
La Federica
Felipe Rincon, owner of the farm La Federica, is dedicated to grow the best coffee, by always looking for the newest growing techniques and improving their process. As a family farm, their compromise is to showcase the respect and honor of their heritage.
The coffee El Alegre, is a single origin, micro-lot grown between 1600 to 1950 m, with temperatures of 19ºC until 25ºC. Due to its origin, the coffee has an insuperable flavor and aroma.
The farm La Federica, located in the Vereda Pan de Azucar, of Neira, Caldas, has more than 100 years of coffee tradition. Felipe Rincon is a fourth generation coffee farmer who took over his family's farm and continued growing specialty coffee with great passion.


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December 15 2004, Nation Weekly Magazine Sushma Joshi
Morang District Court is crowded at 3pm on a Friday afternoon. Police with guns take a breather in the open air as they escort detainees into the courtroom. Upstairs, a tiny woman braves the all-male crowd and rushes in breathlessly as a hearing is just about to start in the civil bench. She sits down and covers her head with her sari's pallu. This is Alkadevi Shah (38). She is here to find out if she will finally get property from her estranged husband.
A complicated case involving two lawsuits are about to be heard. Judge Mahesh Prasad Pudasaini reads his "misil" as the lawyers arrive. Advocate Ram Lal Sutihar, of Nepal Bar Association, Morang, addresses the judge. "Sriman," he says. "My client is a victim of domestic violence. She was thrown out of her house. A woman has a right to maintenance. My client is entitled to her husband's property. But her husband has taken an imaginary loan from another man, and put a counter lawsuit saying he is bankrupt after borrowing for his daughter's wedding."
The lawyer explains that the agreement between the lender and Alkadevi's husband, Manik Chand Shah, is false because the supposed lender is far poorer than the debtor. He also points out that experts at the Philatelic Society know the stamp put on the loan agreement was published months later than the date of the supposed loan – showing that the paper was forged at a later date. The witness of the "len-den" (loan) also said he as not there at the time when the paper was allegedly signed.
Manik Chand Shah, who has married a second wife and recently had a child with her, is not present at the courtroom. His lawyer is there to represent him. "My client is not a man of means, Sriman," says his defense lawyer. "How can he give her property if he doesn't have any? Regarding the stamp – these things happen in villages. People don't always do things in time. And the witness who claimed he wasn't there at the time of signing – I can't remember what I did a week ago. How would he remember what he was doing five months ago?"
The third lawyer, who represents the absent lender, is younger. He argues that there is no way Manik Chand Shah can escape his loan by getting his former wife to claim property. He has to pay his loan. His client has to get justice.
The judge asks if the woman has any children. "She had one daughter who is already married, Sriman," says the defense lawyer. "Then why should the husband give her his private property that he earned with his own work?" asks the judge. The defense lawyer cites a Supreme Court case and says that there is no concept of "private" in a marriage – what a man earns after marriage also belongs to the wife.
After the hearing ends, Alkadevi walks downstairs. "He used to beat me a lot," she says. "I don't know if they will do something else to stop me getting property."
After her husband started to beat her, Alkadevi's brother put a petition at the CDO's office. The husband went there and signed a "milapatra" saying he would live with her. He then ran away to Kathmandu, married another woman, and then stayed in Delhi for a few years before returning to Biratnagar.
Alkadevi says life is hard. She lives with her sister by the Jute mills. Her sister's husband was killed by dacoits, and the two sisters survive as day laborers in garment factories, where they make thread.
The property in question is 18 katta, nine dhur. Split three ways between the man and his two wives, Alkadevi would get 8 katta and 3 dhur.
In 1993, a case was finally filed in the Supreme Court to amend the Civil Code and give women equal rights over property. It would take almost 9 years before a Bill finally passed on Parliament on March 14, 2002. It came into effect from September 27, 2002.
The new law establishes a wife's equal right to her husband's property immediately after marriage, rather than after she reaches 35 years of age or has been married for 15 years as before. A widow's right to claim her share of property from the joint family after her husband's, and to keep this property even if she gets re-married, is also established in law.
But legal professionals say that women still have difficulty getting property. Most common are counter-lawsuits which show the man is bankrupt, therefore making it difficult for the woman to claim anything. Counter-lawsuits showing loans, and even property division between brothers are common in cases where estranged wives ask for property. Advocate Ram Lal Sutihar, who is fighting the case pro bono for a fellow villager, says that he has five or six other women in the same predicament.
In the evening, judge Pudasaini gives his verdict: Alkadevi will get her share of property, Manik Chand Shah will pay his loan, and the forgery case is dismissed.
Alkadevi, who's been coming to the Courts for two years, may have the satisfaction of knowing she won her case. But getting the property is another matter. The land is under "rokka" – it cannot be bought or sold until the loan is cleared. The case can indefinitely be lengthened.
Some of the property cases have taken 20 years to settle, going from the district to the Appellate and then to the Supreme Court level. In one extreme case involving an uncle and a nephew, the uncle finally died after the case had reached the Supreme Court after 15 years. His sons were in India and did not care about the land in Nepal. The nephew, who has spent almost one lakh in legal fees, eventually couldn't make it to the final hearing in the Supreme Court in Kathmandu because the trip from Nepalgunj would have cost him too much time and money.
The legal game is about wearing out the adversary and supporting the lies of our clients, a lawyer candidly admits. If Manik Chand Shah plays his cards right and hires a good lawyer, Alkadevi will have gotten justice through the Courts of Nepal, but she may never get her property.
The civil wars of the twenty-first century: Sushma Joshi's slightly twisted perspective of the universe.
16 December, 2004
Waiting for Justice
Posted by Sushma Joshi at 7:02 AM
4 comments:
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George is a former viking who originally comes from a rough village of warriors in the far north seas. He was raised as a warrior and after years of fighting and eating almost nothing but meat, George grew to be one of the strongest men in his village. While plundering a nearby Kingdom, George was separated from the other vikings when a cloud of Gloom settled over the land.
Marooned in a strange land, George was welcomed into a friendly village where he used his great strength as a miner, breaking and carrying massive rocks. George had never known a life in which people worked together in peace and helped one another, but he instantly liked it. From that day George exchanged his battle axe for a pickaxe and vowed never fight again.
One day, George got a bit carried away in his digging and inadvertently dug his way clear through and entire mountain! George found himself lost in the Gloom on the other side. He then began blindly wandering the Gloom, hoping to find a friendly Kingdom where he can again live in peace helping others.
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Today's featured continuing character is Amir, the prince/detective of the Prince Amir Mystery Series by Nathalie Mallet.
Continuing Characters: A series of interviews featuring continuing characters and the authors who know them best.
The Prince Amir Mystery Series by Nathalie Mallet consists of: Princes of the Golden Cage, The King's Daughters, and Death in the Traveling City.
Links for Death in the Traveling City:
Prince Amir Ban is a loner with a penchant for alchemy, who's never as happy as when his head is buried in one of his beloved science books. He is brooding, pessimistic and afflicted by sudden bouts of melancholy. His only wish is to be free. His sole ambition is to remain anonymous. He's flawed, what can I say, I love flawed characters. They seem more real and more human to me. Amir also has great qualities. He is intelligent, brave, when need be, and capable of inner growth and acts of kindness. But I must admit that it is his weaknesses I love the most: his suspicious, sometime sarcastic, nature; the way his emotions overwhelm him when he falls in love with Eva, even how he keeps a festering grudge against his brother Darius.
"I think there's more curse in a bad piece of mutton than in magic." --From The Princes of the Golden Cage
Questions for Amir
Q. Magic seems to work yet you prefer science. Why is that and how do you reconcile the two?
I think science and magic have and always can coexist without problem. One is based on concrete proof while the other draws its power from faith. It's a fact; it just took me awhile to accept it. But I've seen too much magic at work recently to deny its existence any longer. Therefore I am now a believer. It feels odd to admit this, though. Still, I prefer science because it more predictable and far less temperamental than magic. Moreover, with science one has to use logic and reason while with magic far less reliable senses such as intuition and other sorts of feelings are needed. But the main reason I prefer science to magic is that to do successful magic one has to forgo all control, and I hate losing control.
Q. How do you feel about women? What do you look for in a lover?
To be honest, women mystify me. I don't know what they want, and I don't understand them, especially foreign women. They're not behaving in ways I'm accustomed to. It's very confusing. I'm not looking for love at the moment. I must admit, I feel somewhat scolded by Eva's refusal to marry me. She prioritized her country and duty over me. I would be wise to choose someone different next time: someone who would put me first, someone intelligent and loyal, but more importantly someone with whom I have something in common. In short, someone who is more like me. I'm done with the exotic and "opposites attract". It's a recipe for misery.
Definitively, his capacity for growth and lack of worldly experience. He has a lot to learn about life in general. Don't forget, until recently everything Amir knew about the outside world came from books. So everything is new to him and, of course, nothing is has he expects, which makes for a lot of fun. I really enjoy putting him in uncomfortable situations— the dicier the better— and watching him wiggle out of it. I know it seems cruel, but hey the boy has to learn somehow. (Just so you know I never pulled wings off of bugs when I was a kid.)
Amir is growing with each book. He started as a spoiled pretentious prince so he has a long way to go. But his attitude toward people of lower status, like commoners, has improved quite a bit. His distrust of servants has diminished as well, thanks to Milo. It's a slow and sometime painful process, but to me it is a far more natural progression than if he had a sudden change of heart. So from time to time, Amir is still going to behave like the pompous know-it-all that he is. It would be boring if he did not. But by the end of Death in the Traveling City he is a much-changed man.
Labels: Amir, continuing characters, Nathalie Mallet
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TWO years after a 'revolutionary' vaccine became available for a deadly strain of meningitis, a mum who lost her daughter to the disease is calling for the injection to be given to babies routinely.
Jodie Dunk's 13-month-old baby Mariah died from meningitis B in 2009, but despite a vaccine for it getting an EU licence in January 2013, it is still only available privately.
The 24-year-old, of Cumbrian Close, Durrington, said: "It's a joke, really.
"I'm shocked it's not in children's immunisation programme.
"I understand it's all down to the money that it hasn't been introduced, but it's awful because you can't put a price on someone's life."
Jodie, who now has two other children, is working with UK charity Meningitis Now to try to persuade the Government to introduce the vaccine as part of a routine programme of immunisations in babies.
She added: "I know it's available privately, but people shouldn't have to pay out for it.
"The fact that there is a cure they haven't introduced and there are people still suffering and dying is insulting to people who have lost babies."
According to the charity, the UK has one of the world's highest Meningitis B rates, killing more of the country's under-fives than any other infectious disease.
In total, one in 10 people die and at least one in three survivors suffer life-long after-effects, including limb loss, brain damage, epilepsy, deafness and blindness.
Mariah died in December, 2009, having gone to bed with what Jodie thought was a bit of teething pain.
She said back then she did not know any of the symptoms of meningitis, other than that it can cause a rash, which is why she also wants to raise awareness of the signs and symptoms of the disease.
"Although she wasn't her usual self, there was nothing which could have alerted me to anything other than teething troubles or a cold," she said.
"She was very off her food and tired. If I had known then all the signs and symptoms of meningitis when she was poorly that day, I would have rushed her to A&E, but I didn't know.
"People should listen to their instincts. If a baby has a fever, or really cold hands and feet, they can be signs. The rash is the last thing to come up.
"I would say to people, if they are worried, they should push to get advice or seen by a doctor.
"And if they are really concerned their baby is unwell, go to A&E."
For more information about the vaccine and the signs and symptoms of meningitis click here


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How to Make Charcoal Briquettes: Ingredients and Composition
Make Reasonable Income Selling Charcoal Briquettes
Making fuel briquettes is a tedious and messy work not suitable for everyone. If you are one of those people seeking high-paying dirty jobs, then, you may consider making charcoal briquettes to sell to your neighborhood. The demand for briquettes is there and there is money to be made. Once the charcoal briquettes have been made, they are cleaner and smokeless than the lump charcoal; - that is the reason many people like them. You will save a lot of your money by making fuel briquettes for use in your home and in addition you should be able to make a reasonable income by selling excess briquettes to other people in your city.
The messy part in making charcoal briquettes is in crushing and mixing charcoal dust as detailed in the article How to Make Fuel Briquettes – Charcoal Dust – Carbonization and Pyrolysis of Biomass.
Defining Briquettes
A briquette is a block of compressed coal dust, charcoal dust, sawdust, wood chips or biomass, and is used as a fuel in stoves and boilers. Charcoal is not like clay. Charcoal is a material without plasticity and can not be mold into shape without adding a binding material. To form charcoal dust into briquettes, an agglomerating material is added to the charcoal dust and then pressure is applied to the mixture to form a briquette.
Charcoal Briquette Ingredients and Composition
The ingredients of charcoal briquettes will usually fall under the following:
- Heat fuel - wood charcoal, charcoal fines, mineral carbon, coal, biomass, etc.
- Burning speed – sodium nitrate and waxes. Sawdust can also be used.
- White Ash Color - Calcium carbonate, lime or limestone
- Binder – starch. Cement, kaolin, ball clay can also be used
- Press release – use borax
- Filler – for adulteration use silica, clay, soil, etc
Heat Fuel
This is what provides the energy. The higher the percentage of heat fuel materials, the better the briquette. Try to get about 90% of heat fuel material for good briquettes that will give you more fire. Get materials that will emit less ash – for example, very fine charcoal fines may have come from tree leaves and have a lot of dust and soil in them and will give more ashes. Larger fines are very good and you just need crush them to appropriate size. You can use wood charcoal, charcoal fines, mineral carbon, coal, biomass as heat fuel material.
The materials used are chemical nitrates especially sodium nitrate. Keep off potassium nitrate and ammonium nitrate for they are dangerous. In fact, you should not use nitrates unless you are a professional. To start with, nitrates are used in making fertilizers and can be expensive in many countries. In India, a kilogram of sodium nitrate is currently costing US$1.00 ex-works and since you need about 3 – 4% in your briquettes, this will translate to a lot of money such that your briquettes may not be priced well to compete with lump charcoal. However, it's important to note that the nitrates are fuel energy that will also provide heat. If you are targeting high end markets like USA, go ahead and use sodium nitrate as an accelerant in your briquettes for that market is willing to pay more for quality. If you are targeting low end markets in developing countries, forget about sodium nitrate. Instead, use sawdust as accelerant. Use about 10 – 20% of sawdust but remember that un-carbonized sawdust will make your briquettes emit a lot of smoke. To reduce the smoke from sawdust, just partly ferment your sawdust for about five days by just letting the sawdust stay in water for 5 days. Alternatively, you will need to carbonize your briquettes after you have made them.
Briquettes will need accelerants to burn faster unlike lump charcoal because there is a difference in the structure of briquettes from that of lump charcoal due to compaction. As a result, briquettes are not able to absorb sufficient oxygen for faster combustion. Nitrates are oxidants and when heated, they give out oxygen for accelerated combustion of briquettes.
White Ashes
White ash color is very appealing in briquettes. It's like it stands for quality. When you lit your briquettes in a stove, you need to know when they are ready. This is done by observing that the burning briquettes have turned white. You can only see the white ashes if your briquettes contains sufficient calcium carbonate, lime or limestone. A 2 -3% whiting, lime, limestone or calcium carbonate is sufficient. Whiting, lime, limestone or calcium carbonate have in the past been very cheap products but with the rising fuel prices, the cost of transporting the products have become high. It is because of this that in developing countries they may have to do with charcoal briquettes of whatever ash color. Whiting, lime, limestone or calcium carbonate are not heat fuels but they can lower the burning rate such that the briquettes burns for a longer period but at a reduced fire.
Briquette Binders
Charcoal is a material without plasticity and charcoal dust can not hold into shape without adding a binding material. The best bidder of all times has been proven to be starch. Any starch will do but preferably from cassava. Cassava starch is preferred because cassava tuber and chips are very cheap, the tubers are as good as starch due to high starch content, cassava is easily available to the low income societies, and that the societies still consider cassava as a poor man's food only lying idle in farms waiting to be used just incase there is drought and food shortage. Corn starch (maize starch), wheat starch, maize flour, wheat flour and potatoes starch can also be used. These are foods and it can be difficult to make sense to a poor man that what he may consider as a delicacy should be used by him to make charcoal briquettes. In any case, the world does not want us to 'destroy' our foods in make charcoal briquettes, but then on the other hand, a packet of maize flour is of little value if you can not have fire to prepare the meal.
To use the starch as a bidder, you need to gelatinize the starch. Starch gelatinization is just breaking down the intermolecular bonds of starch molecules in hot water to form a thick paste that will stick the charcoal dust together. In simpler language: just use your starch or flour to make porridge and then use the sticky porridge to stick the charcoal dust or fines together.
A bidder has to be used – there is no shortcut unless you wish to use lignin from biomass material by pressing your briquette material using a high pressure briquette pressing machine.
Starch can be expensive. It can cost a dollar per kilogram. You will need about 5 – 7% starch to make briquettes. A 45 kilogram bag of charcoal fines will need 2 – 3 kilograms of starch which will cost you 2 to 3 dollars. 2 to 3 dollars is a lot of money when you reflect on the fact that a 45 kilograms bag of charcoal in developing countries costs about 10 dollars.
Another good bidder is gum Arabic or acacia gum which is harvested from acacia tree. Acacia tree is very common in semi arid areas especially in Africa Sahel and in particular Senegal, Sudan, Somalia, etc. A kilogram of high quality gum Arabic is costing $2 ex-works in Kenya. If you are to use 5% gum Arabic for your charcoal briquettes, then, this is not cheap either.
Mashed newsprint/waste paper pulp is also a good binder. Other bidders such molasses, cement, clay and tar can be used but the resulting briquettes are not the best.
Press Release
Borax or sodium borate is the chemical to use so that when your charcoal paste is pressed to form a block of briquette, the briquette releases itself from the press. This is only necessary if you are using a high speed and high pressure briquette making machine. If you are using simple press/manual press, this is not necessary. Sodium borate is that chemical that is used in making detergents, cosmetics, buffer solutions, fire retardants, anti-fungal compounds, insecticide, as a flux in metallurgy, as texturing agent in cooking, as well as in enamel glazes. Since borax is used as a texturing agent in cooking, it is assumed to be safe for your barbecue BBQ briquettes?
Fillers are substances added to briquettes which add no energy value. Fillers' value is just to increase the weight, density or volume of the briquettes so that the users/buyers may think they are getting a good value for their money. It is a form of adulteration and only adds ash content. If you feel that lump charcoal is a big challenge in terms of price to your charcoal briquettes, just add some filler to your charcoal briquettes and then lower your prices. Fillers must be cheaper than the charcoal fines/dust you are using. Unfortunately there are very few materials that are cheaper than charcoal or charcoal fines. Cement can be used as filler but it is now expensive than charcoal, clay is cheap but if there is huge transport cost involved to transport it to the site where you are manufacturing your briquettes, then you can rule it out. Sandy soil can be ideal as filler since it's very common in most places. It is said fillers can prolong the burning period of briquettes but then briquettes with too much filler will be of poor quality.
1. Recipes for Making Charcoal Briquettes
i) 10 kg charcoal dust/fines
ii) 0.3 kg cassava starch
2. Recipes for Making Charcoal Briquettes
i) 40 kg charcoal dust/fines
ii) 4 kg sawdust
iii) 2.5 starch
iv) 1 kg calcium carbonate
3. Recipes for Making Charcoal Briquettes
i) 100 kg charcoal dust/fines
ii) 3 kg sodium nitrate
iii) 3 kg sodium borate
iv) 2 kg calcium carbonate/whiting
v) 7 kg wheat starch
4. Recipes for Making Charcoal Briquettes
i) 10 kg charcoal dust/fines
ii) 5 kg saw dust
iii) 1 kg cassava starch
iv) 0.5 kg limestone
5. Recipes for Making Charcoal Briquettes
i) 10 kg charcoal dust/fines
ii) 5 kg saw dust
iii) 0.5 kg cassava starch
iv) 0.5 kg limestone
v) 5 kg sandy soil
6. Recipes for Making Charcoal Briquettes
i) 10 kg charcoal dust/fines
ii) 5 kg saw dust
iii) 1 kg mashed newsprint/pulp
The best recipe for making charcoal briquettes is the one that work for you. Test different recipes again and again, and when you get the one that work for you, don't let it go.
Briquette Ash Content
Ash content is the percentage of the ratio of weight of ashes after the briquette has burnt completely to weight of briquette before they are burnt.
Example No 1:
1. Weight of lump charcoal in a 2 liters can = 600 grams
2. Weight of ashes from 1 above after complete burn = 15 grams
Ash content of the lump charcoal = 15/600 X 100% = 2.5%
Example No 2:
1. Weight of lump charcoal in a 2 liters can = 1.5 kilograms
2. Weight of ashes from 1 above after a complete burn = 37.5 grams
Ash content of the Charcoal briquettes = 37.5/1500 X 100% = 2.5%
A two liters can of lump charcoal produces 15 grams of ashes and the same can of charcoal briquettes produces 37.5 grams of ashes and we say the ash content is the same. Why? This is because charcoal briquettes are more compact and has a higher density. The average density of lump charcoal is about 0.4 g/cm³ whilst the average density of quality briquettes is about 1 g/cm³.
Ashes - Charcoal Briquettes and Lump Charcoal
Many people believe charcoal briquettes have more ashes than lump charcoal. This is mostly due to the fact that the weight of charcoal briquettes your stove can hold can be as much as three times the weight of lump charcoal the same stove can hold.
If we can have extra ashes to quantify for the briquettes, this should come from the dirt that is contained in charcoal fines used in making the briquettes, the amount of incombustible fillers added to briquettes, and the fact that most of charcoal dust/fines comes from the weak charcoal (from leaves).
Charcoal Briquettes Burn Slowly
Many people believe that charcoal briquettes burn slowly and are less hot than lump charcoal. This is due to the fact that lump charcoal has a bigger surface area than briquettes and therefore has a bigger ability to provide more oxygen for faster combustion. Making briquettes is labor intensive and due to this most briquettes are made of blocks with bigger sizes than lump charcoal. If you find your briquettes are not burning as fast as you would want them, try breaking them into smaller sizes. Sizes of briquettes in the range of 1"x1"x1" will burn faster but whom do you think will have the time to make such small sizes of briquettes? Fortunately, there are briquettes making machines that can make briquettes of any size. A good briquette making machines can cost $6000 ex-works in China.
In the next article, we shall discuss how to make charcoal briquettes from 100% sawdust without using/adding a binder.
If you would like to learn How to Make a Simple Briquette Press, you can check it here.
Questions & Answers
Thank the great work
It is a very useful and rarely available information.
Thank you very much!
This is very helpful information. thank you
How possible is it to use carbon black as heat fuel?
Nid to know if I can use coffee husks to make charcoal briquette
what about the smoke it emits? what are the compounds or chemicals in it; is it really safe enough to use green charcoal?
need more information
started my small scale production .
is wheat cask one of the best binding agent?
Need to know if plastic materials can be used in making briquette cahrcoals...and the entire homestead dump/waste can the be used???and how much does the machine cost???
Hello best regards
How do i use borax for press release do i need to mix it with the charcoal powder
And also im making coconut charcoal now can you help me with how much coconut charcoal and hard wood must be mixed ?
Am happy to have come across your website full of information. When I experimented using paper pulp with sawdust, the brisquettes producéd alot of smoke. This time around i will follow your article to see what suits me best.
This is good information about briquettes and some have been burning questions from customers
Can make mine
after greetings
i like to have more informatoins about the fermentation of sawdust which used to accelerate burning
i mean the steps of fermentation
thank you sir for the info.
i would like to know the effects of fillers on thermal and phyisical properties of briquettes
What is the actual function of calcuim carbonate in the receipe ?
Secondly,can i use fish feed extruder to pellet my briquette ?
Hello thanks a lot
I made the charcoal with these ingredients
1- powder of coal
2-5% of strach
3- 1% salt
4- vinegar white
but the problem is cracks apear and is has no strength enough
what is the solutions please
Thank you for the infor, i appreciate
hallo sir.
kindly guide me on how to mix soil and saw dust to make a briquesttes charcoal using an electric machine
Dear Sir
Good evening and thanks again for your value information and I would like to ask for a help.
I have started small shisha charcoal production, The product is good but ,tethen (cracks ) appears on the surface of shisha .
I am using high pressure Extrude
I tried to solve the problem using your value direction but no solution.
Best RGDS
Haitham Eid
Hello house pls help me i need full formulation and methodology for production of wood pellet
I'm one of people using briquette but what I didnot understand why the ash didnot fail from it shape it still absorb around its body and make heat decrease, why
You are a big star ,keep it up.
Hello please help me, can i use starch for charcoal?
How much borax should be added to briquette ingredients, if i am using a screw press machine.
Thanks in advance.
at first I thank you very much
I want your advice to make less ash as well as lower the burning rate
Hi Ngureco,
Hope that you are doing well, for me you are treasure, thank you for everything.
I am facing a problem with charcoal powder which I'm using in charcoal briquette manufacturing, that we I check ash% in laboratory, it is very high reaching around 40%, and this is as it known is very bad and affect directly to the operation and finish good products.
recently, I can't change raw material supplier, it is my mistake that I have made contract to accept it without any conditions values.
I have read a lot regarding reducing ash% contents and I found that using HCl 10% will solve issue, but I have some adopts, I want to know how I can calculate quantity of HCl, and what is the physical operations that I can use to separate ashes after reaction with HCl, maybe filtration, so what is the mesh diameters required in this case? what is the type of water that I have to use to wash the powder after reaction with HCl? Do you have better solution for this issue?
Your kind help will be appreciated always.
Is there a substitute to Sodium Nitrate? It is not available for sale in my country.
I wish to inquire. What happens when briquettes are socked in water because the ones I made were socked in water and they started dissolving. What could be the cause and how can I prevent such to happen again? Thanks
I wish to inquire. What happens when briquettes are socked in water because the ones I made were socked in water and they started dissolving. What could be the cause and how can I prevent such to happen again? Thanks
thanxs for the job dcne
thanks very much for your advice it will help me improve my bussiness.
Hey, can you please mention the ingredients for having the best shisha charcoal? Thanks!
Hello Sir. May i know the best ingredients to make briquttes?
Definetely hoping for best answers.
what is the best leaves to be used for making a charcoal ?
Very well explained
When is the next article?
Thank you
can i know ?... what is formula for instant briquette . if use wax which type of wax need to use ?
These is a very nice knowledge, it has help me a lot, I also went on for more knowledge and I'm now proud to be the teacher of helping other on how to make quality charcoal briquettes.
Dear Sir!
Good day
I have read your subject "How to make charcoal"
It is very interesting and important information and I would
Like to thank you very much and Ask for your
Information regarding Shisha briquette.
I am planning to start this business and I am trying to
Understand what materials can I use as accelerants,white ashes and press release for Shisha briquette ,sizes 25*25*25.
What is the best hard wood or fruits wood charcoal can I use?
Thank you very much in advance
Best regards
im a chemical engineering student and i am working on a project that i have to realize if its possible to make charcoal briquettes without using any binders and just doing the pressing in a high pressure?if yes what pressure?
i read something somewhere that was saying that pressing in high pressure releases {lignin} and this material works as a binder..is it true?
Thank you so much
It's very interesting and comprehensive,good job.
Thanks you.
Dear ngureco
Hope you are doing well
Hello, my charcoal briquettes are producing a lot of ashes, comparing with Indonesia product, this makes a problem with my customers,
how can i keep the ashes adhesion together and do not drop out
Your prompt reply will be highly appreciated
Dear Sir
Thank you for this usefull information.
Please help me to make charcoal briquettes for shisha(hookah).
What i have to add for strenght of charcoal.The dry briquettes don't break but when I burn them , they became very weak and they turn into dust with a little hit. How to remove the terrible smell when it burning on the electric stove of shisha. Thank you.
Dir Sir ,
I make charcoal briquettes from biomass carbonized dust , I use starch as a binder . The dry briquettes don't break but when I burn them , they became very weak and they turn into dust with a little hit. I have tried to raise the binder content but I haven't notice any significant difference during the burning. Please if you had any advice for me it will be very helpful.
thank you in advance
Jst want to find out what unique advantages the sun drying mechanism of charcoal briquettes has over the other alternative modern mechanisms of charcoal briquettes like using hot air.
Hello, my charcoal briquettes are producing a lot of ashes, comparing with Indonesia product, this makes a problem with my customers,
how can i keep the ashes adhesion together and do not drop out.
i m using charcoal made of Nigeria and Oaks and sometime from egypt.
thank you
email: email@example.com
Thank you so much for the useful information. I have a question: What is the percentage or ratio or amount of the filler to be added to briquettes?
it becomes the burning topic for today's world by this method we use natural resoureces in a useful way
Hello dear
How can mix the borax and Sodium to make press coal
And it need to mix in water?
This is my mail if u can answer me
Good info.
How much of soil in the fine char dust will lead to 2% ash?
thank you for usefull info.i have 2 question
1.how much i should mix charcoal dust and starch?
2.if i want to use arabic gum,how much?and how?
Hi There,
I got some remarks concerning my briquette and I dunno how to solve this issues if you can help:
1. Ashes content is high... how to decrease Ash content.
2. Briquette solidity is weak
3. Heat coming out of it not enough (more heat is better)
4. It not odorless it emits smell
What do think ? how to solve all these issues.
Thanks in advance.
Ok Thanks alot you really helped me much on my project :)
Hi ngureco,
First thank you for your nice words and support.
Ill keep experimenting untill i find the best combination.
But another question please I use Cassava Starch, sodium nitrate, Calcium Carbonate and borax and water ofcourse I put all this mix together while I stir them to dilute all the mix is that right or I should add only the binder (Starch) to the water and the rest I should add them dry when mixing the mixture with powder charcoal ?
Also you didnt provide your mail if possible :)
Thanks again
Thank you so much ngureco for your valuable info,
But again I do all the things you say in the article and i still get briquettes with cracks all over and not very rigid after its dried I can break it easily with my hand taken in consideration a have a hydrolic press machine to compress the briquettes.
Also I would be grateful if you send me your email for better and faster communication.
Kindest regards,
Thank you so much for your soonest reply ngureco :)
I want to ask you another question please all the recipes you wrote here u didnt say how many litres of water should we add to the mix and which is better boiling, warm or room temp water ? for example if im sticking to recipe no. 3
Hi there,
First thank you so much for the information its very useful.
I want to ask plz what is the percentage of Borax if i want to add it to the mix for press release ?
nice information, the quantity of whitening and binder causing more ash, how to solve that, i try few time and i got more than 4% of ashes, i am using coconut charcoal
The product is very good I need more information on how to make them using wood husk and sawdust here in Kenya.
Can I make briquette out of pine chavings , if I can what is the formulae , can sombody help.
dear sir / madam
good day to you
i am looking for a formula booklet on how to manufacture white coal / briqettes
email: email@example.com
Can I make briquette out of pine shavings .
Wonderful info. So informative and detailed to the required point. Am so grateful. email@example.com
dear sir madam
i have wonder with wood charcoal dust binder with cassava, how many ash ? and how can i do if i have wood charcoal dust and i want to make as charcaol birqueetes. plz pelp me
thanks for all answer to email@example.com
Nice job,
Could the binder starch be mixed in dry, and then just add hot water to the dry mix of charcoal filler and starch?
Its very informative topic . I have a question : how much borax should I use? Thank you.
I am working on this project from last 6 months here in India. Thanks to you , today I got lot of informations.
But my problem is I am using 6% starch even then while burning the briquettes turn in to powder when the user shake it to remove upper layer of ash.
Tks for the comprehensive information.I would like to know at what temperature charcoal briquettes has to be heated to reduce the moisture to less than 14%. What kind of heating equipment is preferred to manufacture 15Mt of Charcoal briquette per day.
Its very informative topic. I wonder if you can guide me about how to use the wood crush (which we can find on carpenter shop floor) for burning in fireplace.Can we make small biscuits or small cylinderical shape which we could use in fireplace. Plz reply me to my email address firstname.lastname@example.com.
thanks very interesting, anyway
will you happen to have sample photos of your finish product. im trying to come up with a study on things you can make out of charcoal. here in the Philippines we have a charcoal depot wherein family makes use of it as their livelihood. perhaps your craft can help. please write to me at email@example.com
Very interesting and informative. Good job
A very interesting and comprehensive hub. Well written.


text:
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text: tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-319140152019-01-17T11:02:10.537-08:00TechtainmentA Blog about Business and TechnologyRazib Ahmedhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-31914015.post-2386207936689554662014-11-06T16:10:00.002-08:002014-11-06T16:12:46.068-08:00e-Commerce Association of Bangladesh e-CAB e-commerce is not a new thing in most rich and developed countries. Even in my own country Bangladesh, it started from 1998 or 99. However, after 15-16 years, this sector is still suffering from several critical problems. So, e-commerce Association of Bangladesh e-CAB has been recently formed. Already, a number of companies have joined this trade association. It is expected that due to the Razib Ahmedhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-31914015.post-24022968808625262642014-07-01T23:59:00.001-07:002014-07-01T23:59:09.724-07:00World Cup 2014: Rise of the Underdogs So, the quarterfinal lineup for World Cup is ready and the big names like Argentina, Brazil, France, Germany and Netherlands are in the quarterfinals. Joining them are Belgium, Columbia and Costa Rica. Well, some big names like Italy, England, Portugal and even Uruguay are out. We have seen some spirited performance from the underdogs. Thus, World Cup 2014 perhaps can be termed as the rise of Razib Ahmedhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-31914015.post-43546452225233756232014-06-30T18:50:00.001-07:002014-06-30T18:50:35.779-07:00Who will Win World Cup Football 2014? This World Cup Football 2014 will be memorable for many reasons. Not to mention that it has broken records in viewership in TV and Internet. Everyone is busy in social media. We could hardly imagine that there were so many football fans in USA. Ronaldo and Rooney, Italy and the current champion Spain all suffered an early exit from group stage. Now, the question comes who will the world cup Razib Ahmedhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-31914015.post-78967736587963633382014-06-29T23:45:00.002-07:002014-06-29T23:45:22.577-07:00What is my biggest mistake in Blogging? I had everything to become a successful blogger. I am an educated person, I love browsing Internet, I am a hardworking and motivated person. I could work 12-16 hours a day. I had all the ingredients of becoming a legendary blogger. Still I failed so miserably that I am not a blogger anymore. So, it is time for me to find own my mistakes. The single biggest mistake was not focusing on a single Razib Ahmedhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-31914015.post-12643752904667544262014-06-29T20:32:00.004-07:002014-06-29T20:32:58.742-07:00Thanks a lot to all our Readers, Visitors and Followers This has been perhaps my most successful blog with 1400+ Facebook likes, 1550+ Feedburner Subscribers and 367 Google followers. It is my bad luck that I became very sick and suffered numerous accidents and could not continue this blog. I wish that I could come back to this blog and write here full time. However, I know that it is not possible but the good thing is that I am going to use this Razib Ahmedhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-31914015.post-52735591355505173752014-03-02T12:10:00.000-08:002014-03-02T12:10:17.614-08:00Schedule of T20 World Cup Cricket 2014 Schedule of the 2014 ICC World Twenty20, the fifth edition of the tournament, has been finalized. The T20-based cricket tournament, which will be hosted by Bangladesh, is scheduled to start from March 16 to April 6. All the matches of this tournament will be played in three venues- Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium (Dhaka), Zohur Ahmed Chowdhury Stadium (Chittagong) and Sylhet Divisional kamrul hasanhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-31914015.post-83427990119760860642014-01-15T19:45:00.002-08:002014-01-15T19:45:43.203-08:00Arsenal: We have reached the End of the Dark Tunnel I have remained an Arsenal fan since 1988-1989 season. I don't remember now clearly that why I became a fan of this club in the first place. Most probably, Arsenal was an underdog that time as Liverpool was the dominant force in English football while Arsenal had won the league title since 1970-71 season. Now, we are passing through a similar draught in our history as we won our last EPL title Razib Ahmedhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-31914015.post-78406092274597397742014-01-14T20:26:00.002-08:002014-01-14T20:26:47.239-08:00Who will become champion of English Premier League in 2013-14? Craig Hope has published an article in Daily Mail about who will win the premier league title this season. The clubs have played 21 matches each and 17 matches are left for each of them. His prediction is: Manchester City will win the title with 87 points while Chelsea will secure the 2nd spot with 85 points. Then, it will be Liverpool with 82 points and Arsenal 81 points. After that the next Razib Ahmedhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-31914015.post-44498312876907067902013-12-03T22:52:00.000-08:002013-12-03T22:52:07.491-08:00Arsenal and the Experts Arsene Wenger is angry and annoyed with the Match of the Day experts of BBC because these experts have wrote Arsenal off from winning the title of EPL this season despite the fact that Arsenal are leading the point table by 4 clear points. The experts are entitled to have their own opinion. Wenger is annoyed because this time, his team is doing everything right. Not only Arsenal is leading Razib Ahmedhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-31914015.post-45670536917028677902013-12-02T17:16:00.002-08:002013-12-02T17:16:14.498-08:00Arsenal at the Top: Down goes the Experts Who could imagine at the beginning of the season that Arsenal would be at the top of the EPL point table at the beginning of December? Not any football expert I can remember. Everyone wrote Arsene Wenger's team off even before one match was played. After 13 matches, Arsenal has now 31 points. Chelsea is in second position with 27 points while Manchester City has 25. Arsenal is not only Razib Ahmedhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-31914015.post-11333173722402447972013-11-06T11:17:00.002-08:002013-11-06T11:17:24.587-08:00Blogging is Going to Make a Strong Come Back out of Decline I am perhaps a good example to prove that blogging has indeed suffered a noticeable decline. I opened a blog in Blogspot in 2005. I became a fulltime blogger in 2006 and was forced to leave this field in March 2011 because of sick health. I was not doing that bad that time as my blogs were getting at least 200,000 page views a month. I have experienced more than half a million page views at my Razib Ahmedhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-31914015.post-72112763023996266092013-11-06T01:53:00.001-08:002013-11-06T01:53:52.685-08:00Top Ten Hockey Players of India There is confusion whether or not field hockey is the national sport of India. But there is no doubt about the glorious history of this game. Even its history is much richer than other popular sports in India like- cricket, football, tennis, basketball and chess. Once there was a golden era for Indian hockey. India ruled the international field hockey until the mid-1970s. So far they won thekamrul hasanhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-31914015.post-59726037629264593172013-10-31T09:35:00.001-07:002013-10-31T09:41:21.533-07:00Top Ten Indian Football Players Cricket is obviously one of the most popular sports in India. The sport that comes after cricket as the second most popular game is football. India has so far produced many legendary football players and in future it will produce a lot. Once there was a golden age (1950's and 1960's) for the Indian football team. Now, due to lack of investment and proper planning, the standard of Indian footballkamrul hasanhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-31914015.post-39920112189309995842013-10-05T14:03:00.002-07:002013-10-05T14:03:41.827-07:00How to find Your Own Personal Style in Life? Most people who know me know very well that I do not have any personal style. I don't have any sense of fashion and style and my dress up is terrible. I am not organized and there is nothing positive about me in this regard. Well, I accept it and perhaps, many of you would think that I am a miserable person. May be I am to some extent but I am not that much worried for that. Why, simply becauseRazib Ahmedhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-31914015.post-66454052314076588472012-11-07T03:04:00.001-08:002012-11-07T03:04:25.373-08:00Top Ten Bollywood Hindi songs Bollywood movies are very popular in this subcontinent. Music is one of the integral part of Bollywood movies. Over the years, Bollywood gave us brilliant singers and music composers. In this post, I am going to write about the top ten songs of Bollywood movie. Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya: "Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya" is a song from Mughal-E-Azam, one of the most expensive cinemas ever made in mehdihttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-31914015.post-13105308002529103482012-09-24T11:40:00.002-07:002012-09-24T11:40:45.146-07:00Salman Khan top ten movies He has got a great face and great physic. He is considered to be one of the most good-looking and most successful actors of Bollywood. He also has a great heart and known for his charity and benevolence. And yet he has gone to jail and created many controversies and eventually came to be known as the "Bad Boy of Bollywood." Yes readers, I am talking about none other than Salman Khan. In mehdihttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-31914015.post-17239986488970323272012-09-11T09:53:00.000-07:002012-09-11T09:53:26.543-07:00Top Ten British Actress Britain, over the years, produced many talented actresses who charmed the movie-goers. In this top ten entry, I am going to talk about top ten British actresses of all time. Helen Mirren: Source:http://www.instyle.com/instyle/package/transformations/photos/0,,20290121_20432472_20860179,00.html Her real name is Helen Lydia Mironoff. Her father was of Russian origin and her mother was mehdihttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-31914015.post-90800576489780436622012-09-06T10:28:00.002-07:002012-09-06T10:28:40.714-07:00Schedule of ICC T20 World Cup Cricket 2012<!--[if gte mso 9]> Normal 0 MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 <![endif]--> <!--[if !mso]> st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in kamrul hasanhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-31914015.post-39783142123434995862012-09-01T13:32:00.002-07:002012-09-01T15:30:58.046-07:00Arsenal in Summer Transfer Window 2012: A Brief Reflection<!--[if gte mso 9]> Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 <![endif]--> Summer transfer window 2012 in England closed on Friday with the total spending by the premier league clubs reaching around a staggering £490m, just £10m shy of record spending of summer 2008. Arsenal was uncharacteristically active in the market from the Biplob Kishore Debhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-31914015.post-3478763348477810992012-08-30T16:58:00.000-07:002012-08-30T16:58:13.925-07:00How to Overcome Procrastination? Procrastination is a common problem found everywhere. It is perhaps present inside almost every one of us. Often we want to get rid of or overcome it but we find ourselves at a loss. There is no easy solution and you have to remember that human mind is not a science or mathematic equation that you can find an exact solution to any of its problems. In this post, I am going to talk about the Razib Ahmedhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-31914015.post-3281624657382305052012-06-25T14:54:00.002-07:002012-06-25T14:54:49.796-07:00How to Stay Focused and not Get Distracted? I wonder how many of us are there who were never reminded by their parents, teachers and bosses "Stay focused." If you are one of them then most probably you are not a man but a superman (or a superwoman). For the rest of us, staying focused is often a problem. We easily get distracted and lose our way in life. By getting distracted, we may make a mess of our life and even bring disasters thatRazib Ahmedhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-31914015.post-45336031833519922912012-06-14T01:33:00.000-07:002012-06-14T01:33:33.015-07:00Survey and research on "Effective Use of Laptop in Education and Business" An independent research team is going to conduct a survey and research on "Effective Use of Laptop in Education and Business." The main objective of this research is to find out- how laptop is being used in education and business sector in the country, problems laptop users are facing in these two sectors, necessity of laptop usage and desired laptop features of the users. A preparatory mehdihttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-31914015.post-8955283385919407982012-06-12T09:59:00.001-07:002012-06-12T10:48:53.334-07:00Online Journalism: An Introduction (This articles was written by S.M.Mehdi Hassan and Razib Ahmed and published in June 2012, in The Monthly TechWorld Bangladesh Magazine) Since the Second World War, most people around the world more or less got used to getting their news from newspapers, radio and television. In the last few years, there is a gradual shift in this matter as people are spending a lot of time in Internet in mehdihttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-31914015.post-38937804303263023952012-06-11T17:02:00.000-07:002012-06-11T17:02:25.813-07:00The Worst Cities are in South Asia: Global liveability Report 2011 On the 2nd week of August 2011, Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) published asurvey report on global livability. According to this Global livability survey, Melbourne of Australia was ranked as the best place to live on earth. There is a restriction on reproducing the entire or a part of the table of the rankings of the cities and that is why I cannot do it. However, I can see that among the Razib Ahmedhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-31914015.post-75726594236833794512012-06-10T13:46:00.002-07:002012-06-10T13:46:17.559-07:00Mobile Journalism: The Introduction Mobile Journalism is gaining ground these days in different parts of the world and we are going to write a series of entries or posts in this blog about this thing for the next one month. We feel fascinated with this new branch of media that is taking its shape and there is every possibility that it will become a driving force within 5-10 years. This is the first blog post about this topic in Razib Ahmedhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Summer festival weekend planner
By Kate Bernot Like marathon trainers on the Lake Shore path and free music in Millennium Park, Chicago's street festivals are a sure sign that summer is coming. From Rogers Park to Hyde Park, neighborhoods north, south and west all claim their own parties on the asphalt. Here's your guide to a whole summer's worth of fests, with a special focus on what's new for 2014. Stay tuned to redeyechicago.com/fests all season long for updates to the schedule, weekend planners and all the photos of jorts and tank tops you can handle. FEST TEST RedEye wants you to make the most of your fests. This year, we're issuing a challenge each weekend to help you experience the music, food or atmosphere of a fest. Look for it in print and online each week, then snap a photo of yourself completing the challenge and tag it #getfested on Twitter or Instagram. >>Read up on what's new this year at ten festivals >>See this summer's fests all on one page in Metromix's festival guide Don't see your festival included here? Email nightlife and events reporter Kate Bernot at firstname.lastname@example.com | @redeyeeatdrink
By Kate Bernot
Copyright © 2019, RedEye Chicago


text:
In virtual reality anybody could be called a winner no matter what points difference is there, its just a dream, while in reality the winner is who got the most points.
German Team in 18m class didn't do team flying and still they placed on second and forth place. Both pilots had their own strategies and it worked for both of them.
To be clear : there was never any discussion about the Canadian 18 m "team flying" before Worlds in Australia and to claim that I was obligated to do team flying is misleading.
I informed Team Manager that I can share all information in the air like I did in Uvalde or other Worlds, but without "team flying". From my team flying experience for 6 years with multi time world champion I can say that pilots not practicing for years team flying do not have any chance for better results. It is known that each pilots has his own style of flying and successful teams are such, where pilots have compatible style of flying and practice together. Best example of a true team flying is German Open class team where both pilots fly together for years.
There wasn't any practice team flying in 18meter class before Benalla and claiming that team flying will improve standing is misleading because error can be multiplied and
in effect to worsen result.
I admire Dave's excellent results on some days without any of my help or team flying attempts and this only proofs that he is better off without me and team flying.
So any complaints that he could perform better with me has no merit and his line of thoughts is confusing at least. He had great results till he made some mistakes which all pilots do and this had influence on his final scores and I have nothing to do with it.
As per contest rules there is no such thing as virtual ties. There is no such class as "team class" and there are not " 2 pilots team scores" only individual pilots scores. The results are black and white, a pilot with cumulative highest score after all valid contest days is the winner by 1 point or 1000 points.
World titles were lost by small number of points difference and I never saw a Virtual World Champion because of it.
Results from Open class shows exactly 13 points difference between World Champion and second pilot or "first loser" as we joke when we finish in second place.
Picture shows Open class pilots with different medals each despite just 13 and 29 points difference as below.
|Russell Cheetham
|Michael Sommer
|Andrew Davis
In 10 points spread we can fit 10 pilots and only one will be the winner.
Jerzy XG


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Every ingredient in NOTORIOUS gear deodorant is antimicrobial, antifungal and/or antiviral. WHAT!? All natural ingredients fight all of those things? Is this some hippy dippy unproven nonsense?
It turns out people have tested the claims of essential oils and witch hazel in labs. They were unexpectedly effective against all sorts of things. We would like to take this time to say that NOTORIOUS gear deodorant comes in clear bottles, and that golden fluid above the label is PURE ESSENTIAL OILS. No other gear deodorant would dare come packaged in clear bottles.
We'll start with our tea tree essential oil from Australia. In Australia, tea tree oil is a common Aboriginal folk remedy used for everything from sterilizing wounds to treating various skin diseases. Here's what the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health has to say:
NIH Page on Tea Tree Oil
There are lots of reference links to follow for the science behind their summary.
A Paper on Tea Tree Essential Oil and drug resistant organisms
Peppermint essential oil also plays its part in killing or inhibiting microbes.
The Composition and Antifungal Activity of Peppermint (mentha peperita) Essential Oil From Iran
Our peppermint essential iil comes from India, but it's the same plant in the same region distilled the same way. Some more science on Peppermint Essential Oil.
Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Mentha piperita L.
Here's what we have on lavendar essential oil (ours comes from Spain):
Lavender oil has potent antifungal effect.
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils of Lavender
And the witch hazel carrier, which doesn't stay mixed with the essential oils and doesn't dilute them, also has micro organism fighting qualities:
Drugs.com claims for Witch Hazel


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Hurricane Irma has devastated the British Virgin Islands, leaving a catastrophic situation with homes flattened and communities left with no power, sanitation or water. Friends and family are still waiting to hear news from their loved ones, many of whom are still trapped in their homes by debris.
Thanks to unwavering efforts to get aid to the islands, a number of different donation pages and appeals have been set up from different sources. The aim of this site is to collate all of the legitimate ways that you can send help, be it through supplies or donating money. It should help you make a more informed choice about where to donate to make the biggest impact to communities in need.
Please use the links above to find various ways you can contribute to the BVI relief efforts. The most reliable and legitimate ways to help right now are through Virgin, whose overheads are being covered by Richard Branson leaving 100% of donations to go directly to the community, and VISAR (Virgin Islands Search and Rescue) who are supporting the emergency team running out of Peebles Hospital on Tortola. Also, as the BVI bounces back, consider a yacht charter in the British Virgin Islands with charterguru.
Thank you for any the support you can give. Even just spreading news of the terrible impact Irma has had on the BVI, and links to donation pages, is a huge help.


text:
The Spanish Football League - LaLiga - has already celebrated 28 Rounds of the seasons 38 total. Good moment for us to report how the Leading Goalscorer tally is evolving to this date. The race for "El Pichichi" has currently FC Barcelona Argentine star Lionel Messi as leader with 25 goals. He is followed by team-mate Luis Suarez with 21 goals & third is currently Real Madrid forward Cristiano Ronaldo with 19 goals.
With 10 Rounds of LaLiga still to be played the Leading goalscorer classification will change & have players moving around, but Messi is on course to keep adding to his tally & is favourite to finish leader. Stay tuned!
Lionel Messi (FC Barcelona) 25 goals
Luis Suarez (FC Barcelona) 21
Cristiano Ronaldo (Real Madrid) 19
Iago Aspas (Celta de Vigo) 15
Antoine Griezmann (Atletico de Madrid) 14
Gerard Moreno (RCD Espanyol) 11
Kevin Gameiro (Atletico de Madrid) 10
Sergi Enrich (Eibar) 10
Piatti (RCD Espanyol) 9
Aduriz (Athletic Club Bilbao) 9
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Husky Energy to Present at BMO Capital Markets Conference
CALGARY, ALBERTA--(Marketwired - Jan. 7, 2014) - Husky Energy (TSX:HSE) announces that Rob Symonds, Senior Vice President, Western Canada Production will be presenting at the BMO Capital Markets' Unconventional Resource Conference in New York.
A link to the audio webcast of the event will be available at the start of the presentation on Husky's website at www.huskyenergy.com, under Investor Relations/Conference Calls & Presentations.
Event link: http://cc.talkpoint.com/bmoc001/011414a_ly/?entity=3_0NMPUDH
Husky Energy is one of Canada's largest integrated energy companies. It is headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, Canada and is publicly traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol HSE and HSE.PR.A. More information is available at www.huskyenergy.com


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text:
The Battle of the Labyrinth
Page 2
"Think positive. Tomorrow you're off to camp! After orientation, you've got your date-"
"It's not a date!" I protested. "It's just Annabeth, Mom. Jeez!"
"She's coming all the way from camp to meet you."
"Well, yeah."
"You're going to the movies."
"Just the two of you."
She held up her hands in surrender, but I could tell she was trying hard not to smile.
Page 15
I burst out of the alley onto East 81st and ran straight into Annabeth.
"Hey, you're out early!" She laughed, grabbing my shoulders to keep me from tumbling into the street. "Watch where you're going, Seaweed Brain."
For a split second, she was in a good mood and everything was fine. She was wearing jeans and an orange camp T-shirt and her clay bead necklace. He blond hair was pulled back into a ponytail. Her gray eyes sparkled. She looked like she was ready to catch a movie, have a cool afternoon hanging out together.
Then Rachel Elizabeth Dare, still covered in monster dust, came charging out of the alley, yelling. "Percy, wait up!"
She frowned at me. "What did you do this time? And who is this?"
Page 16-17
Annabeth stared at me for a second. Then she turned and took off.
"Hey!" I jogged after her. "There were these two empousai," I tried to explain. "They were cheerleaders, see, and they said camp was going to burn, and-"
"You told a mortal girl about half-bloods?"
"She can see through the Mist. She saw the monsters before I did."
"So you told her the truth."
"She recognized me from Hoover Dam, so-"
"You've met her before?"
"Um, last winter. But seriously, I barely know her."
"She's kinda cute."
"I-I never thought about it."
Annabeth kept walking toward York Avenue.
"I'll deal with the school," I promised, anxious to change the subject "Honest, it'll be fine."
Annabeth wouldn't even look at me. "I guess our afternoon is off, now that the poilce will be searching for you."
Page 45
Someone else slid next to me on the bench: Annabeth.
"I'll tell you what it's about," she said. "The Labyrinth."
It was hard to concentrate on what she was saying, because everybody in the dining pavilion was stealing glances at us and whispering. and Annabeth was right next to me. I mean right next to me.
Page 47
Annabeth nodded. Despite how serious she was acting, I was happy she wasn't mad at me anymore. and I kind of liked the fact that she'd broken the rules to come sit next to me.
Page 50
Over at the head table, Quintus cleared his throat. I got the feeling he didn't want to make a scene, but Annabeth was really pushing it, sitting at my table so long.
"We'll talk later." Annabeth squeezed my arm a little to hard. "Convince him, will you?"
She returned to the Athena table, ignoring all the people who were staring at her.
Page 53
Quintus kept rattling off names until he said, "Percy Jackson with Annabeth Chase."
"Nice." I grinned at Annabeth.
"Your armor is crooked," was her only comment, and she redid my straps for me.
Page 59
I started forward, but Annabeth stopped me. "Don't take another step," she warned. "We need to find the exit."
She sounded really scared now.
"It's okay," I promised. "It's right-"
I looked up and realized I couldn't see where we'd fallen in. The ceiling was solid stone. The corridor seemed to stretch endlessly in both directions.
Annabeth's hand slipped into mine. Under different circumstances, I would've been embarrassed, but here in the dark I was glad to know where she was. It was about the only thing I was sure of.
Page 68
"I've been studying architecture for years," she said. "I know Daedalus's Labyrinth better than anybody."
"From reading about it."
"Well, yes."
"That's not enough."
"It has to be!"
"It isn't!"
"Are you going to help me or not?"
I realized everyone was watching Annabeth and me like a tennis match.
Page 78-80
Annabeth stood in the back of the room, rifling through old scrolls.
"Knock, knock?" I said.
She turned with a start. "Oh...hi. Didn't hear you."
"You okay?"'
She frowned at the scroll in her hands. "Just trying to do some research. Daedalus's Labyrinth is so huge. none of the stories agree about anything. The maps just lead from nowhere to nowhere."
I thought about what Quintus had said, how the maze tries to distract you. I wondered if Annabeth knew that already.
"We'll figure it out," I promised.
Her hair had come loose and was hanging in a tangled blond curtain around her face. Her gray eyes looked almost black.
"I've wanted to lead a quest since I was seven," she said.
"You're going to do awesome."
She looked at me gratefully, but then stared down at all the books and scrolls she'd pulled from the shelved. "I'm worried, Percy. Maybe I shouldn't have asked you to do this. Or Tyson or Grover."
"Hey, we're your friends. We wouldn't miss it."
"But..." She stopped herself.
"What is it?" I asked. "The prophecy?"
"I'm sure it's fine," she said in a small voice.
"What was the last line?"
Then she did something that really surprised me. She blinked back tears and put out her arms.
I stepped forward and hugged her. Butterflies started turning my stomach into a mosh pit.
"Hey, it's...it's okay." I patted her back.
I was aware of everything in the room. I felt like I could read the tiniest print on any book on the shelves. Annabeth's hair smelled like lemon soap. She was shivering.
"Chiron might be right," she muttered. "I'm breaking the rules. But I don't know what else to do. I need you three. It just feels right."
"Then don't worry about it," I managed. "We've had plenty of problems before, and we solved them."
"This is different. I don't want anything happening to...any of you."
Behind me, somebody cleared his throat.
It was one of Annabeth's half-brothers, Malcolm. His face was bright red. "Um, sorry," he said. "Archery practice is starting, Annabeth. Chiron said to come find you."
I stepped away from Annabeth. "We were just looking at maps," I said stupidly.
Malcolm stared at me. "Okay."
"Tell Chiron I'll be right there," Annabeth said, and Malcolm left in a hurry.
"Annabeth rubbed her eyes. "You go ahead, Percy. I'd better get ready for archery."
I nodded, feeling more confused than I ever had in my life. I wanted to run from the cabin...but then again I didn't.
Page 125-126
I tried to fall asleep, but I couldn't. Something about getting chased by a large dragon lady with poison swords made it real hard to relax. I picked up my bedroll and dragged it over to where Annabeth was sitting, keeping watch.
I sat down next to her.
"You should sleep," she said.
"Can't. You doing all right?"
"Sure. First day leading the quest. Just great."
"We'll get there," I said. "We'll find the workshop before Luke does."
She brushed her hair out of her face. She had a smudge of dirt on her chin, and i imagined what she must've looked like when she was little, wandering around the country with Thalia and Luke. Once she'd saved them from the mansion of the evil Cyclops when she was only seven. Even when she looked scared, like now, I knew she had a lot of guts.
"I just wish the quest was logical," she complained. "I mean, we're traveling but we have no idea where we'll end up. How can you walk from New York to California in a day?"
"Space isn't the same in the maze."
"I know, I know. it's just..." She looked at me hesitantly. "Percy, I was kidding myself. All that planning and reading. I don't have a clue where we're going."
"You're doing great. Besides, we never know what we're doing. It always works out. Remember Circe's island?"
She snorted. "You made a cute guinea pig."
"And Waterland, how you got us thrown off that ride?"
"I got us thrown off? That was totally your fault!"
"See? It'll be fine."
Page 184
"I'm a child of Athena," she insisted. and this is an insult to my intelligence. I won't answer these questions."
Part of me was impressed with her for standing up like that. but part of me thought her pride was going to get us all killed.
Page 198
I didn't dare call after her, but I didn't like the idea of her approaching the forge on her own. If those things out there could sense a god coming, would Annabeth be safe?
The Infamous Page 203
"Put your cap back on," I said. "Get out!"
"What?" Annabeth shrieked. "No! I'm not leaving you."
"I've got a plan. I'll distract them. you can use the metal spider-maybe it'll lead you back to Hephaestus. You have to tell him what's going on."
"But you'll be killed!"
"I'll be fine. Besides, we've got no choice."
Annabeth glared at me like she was going to punch me. And then she did something that surprised me even more. She kissed me.
"Be careful, Seaweed Brain." She put on her hat an vanished.
I probably would've sat there for the rest of the day, staring at the lava and trying to remember what my name was, but the sea demons jarred me back to reality.
Page 227
Annabeth turned to face the audience. She looked terrible. Her eyes were puffy from crying, but she managed to say, "He was probably the bravest friend I've ever had. He..." Then she saw me. Her face went blood red. "He's right there!"
Heads turned. People gasped.
"Percy!" Beckendorf grinned. A bunch of other kids crowded around me and clapped me on the back. I heard a few curses from the Ares cabin, but Clarisse just rolled her eyes, like she couldn't believe I'd had the nerve to survive. Chiron cantered over and everyone made way for him.
"Well," he sighed with obvious relief. "I don't believe I've ever been happier to see a camper return. But you must tell me-"
"WHERE HAVE YOU BEEN?" Annabeth interrupted, shoving aside the other campers. I thought she was going to punch me, but instead she hugged me so fiercely she nearly cracked my ribs. The other campers fell silent. Annabeth seemed to realize she was making a scene and pushed me away. "I-we thought you were dead, Seaweed Brain!"
"I'm sorry," I said. "I got lost."
"LOST?" she yelled. "Two weeks, Percy? Where in the world-"
"Annabeth," Chiron interrupted. "Perhaps we should discuss this somewhere more private, shall we? The rest of you, back to your normal activities!"
Page 229
Annabeth glared at me. "You are the single most annoying person I have ever met!" And she stormed out of the room.
I stared at the doorway. I felt like hitting something. "So much for being the bravest friend she's ever had."
"She will calm down," Chiron promised. "She's jealous, my boy."
"That's stupid. She's not...it's not like..."
Chiron chuckled. "It hardly matters. Annabeth is very territorial about her friends in case you haven't noticed. She was quite worried about you. And now that you're back, I think she suspects where you were marooned."
Page 244-245
"We'll try, Ms. Jackson," Annabeth said. "Keeping your son safe is a big job, though." She folded her arms and glared out the kitchen window. I picked at my napkin and tried not to say anything.
My mom frowned. "What's been going on with you two? Have you been fighting?"
Neither of us said anything.
"I see," my mom said, and I wondered if she could see through more than just the Mist. It sounded like she understood what was going on with Annabeth and me, but I sure as heck didn't. "Well, remember," she said, "Grover and Tyson are counting on you two."
"I know," Annabeth and I said at the same time, which embarrassed me even more.
Page 272
Annabeth stood. "The fire's getting low. I'll go look for some more scraps while you guys talk strategy." And she marched off into the shadows.
Rachel drew another figure with her stick-an ashy Antaeus dangling from his chains.
"Annabeth's not usually like this," I told her. "I don't know what her problem is."
Rachel raised her eyebrows. "Are you sure you don't know?"
"What do you mean?"
"Boys," she muttered. "Totally blind."
Page 329
Kampê landed on the Athena command tent, smashing it flat. I ran after her and found Annabeth at my side, keeping pace, her sword in hand.
"This might be it," she said.
"Could be."
"Nice fighting with you, Seaweed Brain."
Page 347
Annabeth and I pretty much skirted around each other. I was glad to be with her, but it also kind of hurt, and it hurt when I wasn't with her, too.
Page 348
I hoped Annabeth would be riding into Manhattan with me, but she only came to see me off. She said she'd arranged to stay at camp a little longer. She would tend to Chiron until his leg was fully recovered, and keep studying Daedalus's laptop, which had engrossed her for the past two months. Then she would head back to her father's place in San Francisco.
"There's a private school out there that I'll be going to," she said. 'I'll probably hate it, but..." She shrugged.
"Yeah, well, call me, okay?"
"Sure," she said half-heartedly. "I'll keep my eyes open for..."
There it was again. Luke. She couldn't even say his name without opening up a huge box of hurt and worry and anger.
Page 351
"I'm sorry," Annabeth told me. "I-I should get back. I'll keep in touch."
"Listen, Annabeth-" I thought about Mount St. Helens, Calypso's Island, Luke, and Rachel Elizabeth Dare, and how suddenly everything had gotten so complicated. I wanted to tell Annabeth that I didn't really want to be so distant from her.
Then Argus honked his horn down the road, and I lost my chance.
"You'd better get going," Annabeth said. "Take care, Seaweed Brain."
She jogged down the hill. I watched her until she reached that cabins. She didn't look back once.
Page 352
"You've had a rough summer," he said. "I'm guessing you lost someone important. And...girl trouble?"
I stared at him. "How did you know that? Did my mom-"
He held up his hands. 'Your mom hasn't said a thing. And I won't pry. I just know there's something unusual about you, Percy. You've got a lot going on that I can't figure. But I was also fifteen once, and I'm just guessing from your expression...Well, you've had a rough time."
Page 358
"You'd better go," Poseidon said. "But, Percy, one last thing you should know. that incident at Mount St. Helens..."
For a second I thought he was talking about Annabeth kissing me, and I blushed, but then I realized he was talking about something a lot bigger.


text:
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text: I am looking for lettering artists to interview for a monthly feature. If you know someone you think would be a great subject (including yourself!), please reach out! The interviews will explore what got the person started in hand lettering, what they enjoy most about it, how they're making it a part of their career, and much more! Interviews will be prominently featured on the site, and offer the chance for artists to showcase some of their work and gain exposure.


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One ISP's Profitable Hot Spots
Page 1 of 1
While some fixed wireless ISP purists sneer at the idea of deploying and maintaining Wi-Fi in the community, making a profit on the endeavor isn't strictly the end goal of a successful ISP business.
Case in point, First Step Internet, an ISP based in Moscow, Idaho, which has taken a winding road to its destination today as a dial-up, digital subscriber line (DSL), fixed wireless, and wireless local area network (WLAN) provider.
While many ISPs date back to the online bulletin board services (BBS) of the early 1990s or the entrepreneurs of the dot com boom, First Step found itself an ISP almost by mistake.
Originally, First Step was a research and development outfit contracting out to companies like IBM and Fujitsu in 1989. Soon, however, engineers at the company started working from home, using a program to dial in to the servers at work.
Then friends started asking for the dialer and the engineers were handing diskettes out like program guides at a sporting event. After a while, First Step started charging for the access and set up shop as an ISP and Webhosting company in 1995.
Today, First Step provides dial-up, DSL, fixed wireless, frame relay, T-1, colocation, Web design and hosting, and WLAN support to cities throughout Idaho and even into Washington. The company has been quite successful in each area when it comes to customers:
- Dial-up: almost 15,000
- Colocation and Webhosting: 500-600
- Fixed wireless: An aggregate of around 1,000 (the number fluctuates; with multi-dweller units and Washington State University campus as customers, churn rates are a whopping 65 to 70 percent every three years).
Like most rural WISPs, First Step benefits from the fact the Bells will never sink a lot of money into bridging the digital divide to towns like Moscow and Pullman in Idaho. According to Kevin Owen, president of First Step, the biggest competitor is cable operator Adelphia, which currently has problems of its own.
Wireless is an attractive technology in dispersed communities. For business owners, for whom the alternative is a $1,000 a month T-1 line, fixed wireless looks pretty good, even if a service level agreement (SLA) isn't available.
"We don't have an SLA, but we are proactive with our customers to make sure they have everything they need," Owen said. "Most of our new customers are coming from a circuit, so when they can save over a $1,000 a month, it's difficult to cost-justify not signing onto our service because of an SLA."
Owen, who joined up with the ISP in 1995 shortly after giving sky diving instruction to a group of First Step employees, has been steadily building the company up with successful projects, like backup 5.8 GHz fixed wireless connectivity for the University of Idaho to First Step's OC-12 pipe, which gives First Step a steady revenue stream through a standby fee.
Success in the more conventional modes of broadband access gives Owen, who has an MBA through Washington State University, a chance to take the risk with Wi-Fi, an industry still going through growing pains and looking for a successful business model.
None are questioning that Wi-Fi is a popular consumer product but some suggest that making money, especially on hot spots, could be difficult.
Tammy Parker, an analyst with ARC Group, said ISPs will be "keenly" disappointed if their primary goal in rolling out Wi-Fi is to make quick money.
"WLAN hotspots should be considered as marketing tools rather than profit centers," she said.
The long-term benefits of WLAN are what most of today's providers are thinking about, in spite of large buildouts epitomized by Sky Dayton's Boingo dreams today. A more measured approach is favored by Pass-One, an association geared towards boosting the Wi-Fi hotspot business, creating "roaming" services throughout the nation (like early analog cell phone sites).
First Step has WLAN hotspots throughout its coverage area, with 20 hotspots alone in Washington State University apartment complexes. Other places include schools, pizza parlors, several malls, and the airport that serves Moscow, Idaho.
The ISP uses Karlnet-loaded LAP AP-1000s at the distribution points. For lightweight backbones the company uses the Karlnet Turbocell. For heavy-duty backhauls, it relies on Trango Broadband 5.8 GHz and Wi-Lan 120-58 radios.
Users are charged $45 a month for unlimited access in these areas. According to Mike Hall, a First Step sales manager, some users don't even see a charge since it's taken care of by the location owners.
"Depending on the arrangements made for a site location, some hotspots are open to the public for access with no fee to the user," he said. "A very popular hotspot in downtown Pullman is the Daily Grind Coffeehouse. They are packed almost every night with groups of students studying together with a shared notebook equipped with wireless."
In some areas, he continued, apartment managers add the Internet cost into the monthly rent, so users don't consciously see a First Step bill.
Idaho's geography plays a part in Wi-Fi's success; a dearth of options makes hotspots more desirable than an urban area with a choice of providers.
"We admit that our network revenue models are for more rural areas, and continue to be profitable," Hall said. "We try to provide a mix of fixed wireless and 'hot spot wireless' in every community we serve. Even in small towns such as Palouse, Wash., a good portion of main street and the local bar and restaurant provide antenna-less service to our customers."
To deter potential war drivers in the community who think the airwaves should be free, First Step has set up MAC address authentication on its equipment, and the network operations center (NOC) is set up for dynamic IP addressing, to prevent MAC address spoofing.
It's a good start in an industry In-Stat/MDR recently reported would reach almost $1.9 billion in North American revenues by 2007. The firm reported WLAN revenues would reach $219 million this year.
So maybe there is money to be had in Wi-Fi -- today, not tomorrow.
Reprinted from ISP-Planet
Can WISPs make money? Join us at the 802.11 Planet Conference & Expo, Dec. 3-5 in Santa Clara, CA. One of our sessions will cover "Refining Your WISP Business Plan."


text:
In the words of Winston Churchill "Greeks do not fight like hero's, hero's fight like Greeks." (By the way, Ethniki is a nickname for the Greek National Football team)
Hello, just wanted to write a quick update. Like I said, trying to remember to update this on a regular basis.
Not too much going on. Just the usual of cleaning and looking for a summer job, just until RJ can get the Real Estate business up and going. Speaking of that, we have a seminar coming up this weekend. So I'm excited for that.
I'm also pretty bummed that Greece lost their game against Argentina (0-2) in the World Cup. They held them off for a while, Argentina got their first goal in the 77th minute, and we got 7 or 8 shots on goal. But none the less we lost, so I'm hoping we can make it next time. And in case anyone is wondering, no I don't root for the USA. I'm just not a fan.
Well I guess that's it for now.


text:
Not a watercolor this time. I've been making gelli prints with the Gelli Plate that Joan gave me for Christmas. Here are a few that I kind of liked.
Friday, February 10, 2017
Gelli Prints
Posted by Michelle Himes at 1:57 PM
3 comments:
- Joan Tavolott said...
I like yours better than mine. Nice!
- Friday, February 10, 2017 5:33:00 PM
- Michelle Himes said...
Thanks, Joan. I liked these, but there were a lot of them that I didn't like at all. Those will probably get another layer.
- Friday, February 10, 2017 6:59:00 PM
- Jo Castillo said...
That sounds interesting. Beautiful. Off to go look up Gelli prints. Hmmm.
- Saturday, February 11, 2017 7:14:00 AM
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
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