text: ACS8530 SETS Synchronous Equipment Timing Source for Stratum 2/3E Systems ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS COMMUNICATION Description PRODUCT BRIEF Features The ACS8530 is the industry standard, highly integrated, single-chip solution for the Synchronous Equipment Timing Source (SETS) function in a SONET or SDH Network Element. The device generates SONET or SDH Equipment Clocks (SEC) and Frame Synchronization clocks. The ACS8530 is fully compliant with the required international specifications and standards. The device supports Free-run, Locked and Holdover modes. It also supports all three types of reference clock source: Recovered Line Clock, PDH Network, and Node Synchronization. The ACS8530 generates independent SEC and BITS/SSU clocks, an 8 kHz Frame Synchronization clock and a 2 kHz Multi-Frame Synchronization clock. Two ACS8530 devices can be used together in a Master/ Slave configuration mode allowing system protection against a single ACS8530 failure. The ACS8530 set-up is made simple using configuration registers. These are set by Customer software, via a microprocessor port. Semtech can provide an Evaluation Board and software package to help customers evaluate the device against their requirements. Suitable for Stratum 2, 3E, 3, 4E and 4 SONET Minimum Clock (SMC) or SONET/SDH Equipment Clock (SEC) applications (to Telcordia 1244-CORE Stratum 3E and GR-253, and ITU-T G.812 Type III and G.813 specifications) Accepts 14 individual input reference clocks, all with robust input clock source quality monitoring Simultaneously generates nine output clocks, plus two Sync pulse outputs Absolute Holdover accuracy better than 3 x 10-10 (manual), 7.5 x 10-14 (instantaneous); Holdover stability defined by choice of external XO Programmable PLL bandwidth, for wander and jitter tracking/attenuation, 0.5 mHz to 70 Hz in 18 steps Automatic hit-less source switchover on loss of input Phase Transient Protection and Phase Build-out on locked to reference and on reference switching Microprocessor interface - Intel, Motorola, Serial, Multiplexed, or boot from EPROM Output phase adjustment in 6 ps steps up to ±200 ns The ACS8530 supports IEEE 1149.1 JTAG boundary scan. IEEE 1149.1 JTAG Boundary Scan Block Diagram Single 3.3 V operation. 5 V tolerant Figure 1 Block Diagram of the ACS8530 SETS T4 DPLL/Freq. Synthesis 2 x AMI 10 x TTL 2 x PECL/LVDS Programmable; 64/8 kHz (AMI) 2 kHz 4 kHz N x 8 kHz 1.544/2.048 MHz 6.48 MHz 19.44 MHz 25.92 MHz 38.88 MHz 51.84 MHz 77.76 MHz 155.52 MHz TCK TDI TMS TRST TDO T4 Selector Optional Divider, 1/n n = 1 to 214 PFD Digital Loop Filter T4 APLL DTO Frequency Dividers Input Port Monitors and Selection Control T0 APLL (output) T0 DPLL/Freq. Synthesis 14 x SEC T0 Selector IEEE 1149.1 JTAG Chip Clock Generator Optional Divider, 1/n n = 1 to 214 PFD Priority Register Set Table Digital Loop Filter Microprocessor Port OCXO Frequency Dividers DTO Output Ports TO1 to TO7 Outputs T01-TO7: E1/DS1 (2.048/ 1.544 MHz) and frequency multiples: 1.5 x, 2 x, 3 x 4 x, 6 x, 12 x 16 x and 24 x E3/DS3 2 kHz 8 kHz and OC-N* rates TO8 & TO9 T08: AMI TO9: E1/DS1 TO10 & TO11 TO10: 8 kHz (FrSync) TO11: 2 kHz (MFrSync) TO APLL (feedback) OC-N* rates = OC-1 51.84 MHz OC-3 155.52 MHz and derivatives: 6.48 MHz 19.44 MHz 25.92 MHz 38.88 MHz 51.84 MHz 77.76 MHz 155.52 MHz 311.04 MHz F8530D_001BLOCKDIA_09 Revision 2.00/February 2003 © Semtech Corp. Page 1 www.semtech.com ACS8530 SETS ADVANCED COMMUNICATION Contents PRODUCT BRIEF Pin Description Description ..................................................................................1 Block Diagram .............................................................................1 Features ......................................................................................1 Contents ......................................................................................2 Pin Diagram ................................................................................2 Pin Description ............................................................................2 Table 1 No Connections and Internally Connected Pin No. 3, 4, 17, 22, 96, 97, 98 Symbol IC1, IC2, IC3, IC4, IC5, IC6, IC7 I/O Type - - Description Internally Connected: Leave to Float. Table 2 Power Pins Introduction .................................................................................4 I/O Type 12, 13, 16 VD1+, VD3+, VD2+ P - Supply Voltage: Digital supply to gates in analog section, +3.3 Volts ±10%. 26 VAMI+ P - Supply Voltage: Digital supply to AMI output, +3.3 Volts ±10%. PLL Paths ............................................................................5 33, 39 VDD_DIFFa, VDD_DIFFb P - Supply Voltage: Digital supply for differential ports, +3.3 Volts ±10%. Outputs ...............................................................................6 44 VDD5 P - Digital Supply for +5 Volts Tolerance to Input Pins. Connect to +5 Volts (±10%) for clamping to +5 Volts. Connect to VDD for clamping to +3.3 Volts. Leave floating for no clamping, input pins tolerant up to +5.5 Volts. Register Map ...............................................................................9 50, 61, 85, 86 VDDa, VDDd, VDDc, VDDb P - Supply Voltage: Digital supply to logic, +3.3 Volts ±10%. Ordering Information ............................................................... 12 6 VA1+ P - Supply Voltage: Analog supply to clock multiplying PLL, +3.3 Volts ±10%. 19 91 VA2+, VA3+ P - Supply voltage: Analog supply to output PLLs, +3.3 Volts ±10%. 11, 14, 15 DGND1, DGND3, DGND2 P - Supply Ground: Digital ground for components in PLLs. 49, 62, 84, 87 DGNDa DGNDd, DGNDc, DGNDb P - Supply Ground: Digital ground for logic. 29 GND_AMI P - Supply Ground: Digital ground for AMI output. 32, 38 GND_DIFFa, GND_DIFFb P - Supply Ground: Digital ground for differential ports. 1, 5, 20, 92 AGND, AGND1, AGND2, AGND3 P - Supply Ground: Analog grounds. General Description ....................................................................4 Inputs ..................................................................................4 Monitors ..............................................................................4 Pin No. Symbol Modes of Operation ...........................................................7 Performance .......................................................................8 Typical Application .............................................................8 Disclaimers ...................................................................... 12 Contacts ........................................................................... 12 Pin Diagram 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 SONSDHB MSTSLVB IC7 IC6 IC5 TO9 TO5 TO4 AGND3 VA3+ TO3 TO2 TO1 DGNDb VDDb VDDc DGNDc AD0 AD1 AD2 AD3 AD4 AD5 AD6 AD7 Figure 2 ACS8530 Pin Diagram AGND TRST IC1 IC2 AGND1 VA1+ TMS INTREQ TCK REFCLK DGND1 VD1+ VD3+ DGND3 DGND2 VD2+ IC3 SRCSW VA2+ AGND2 TDO IC4 TDI I1 I2 ACS8530 SONET/SDH SETS 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 VAMI+ TO8NEG TO8POS GND_AMI FrSync MFrSync GND_DIFFa VDD_DIFFa TO6POS TO6NEG TO7POS TO7NEG GND_DIFFb VDD_DIFFb I5POS I5NEG I6POS I6NEG VDD5 SYNC2K I3 I4 I7 DGNDa VDDa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Revision 2.00/February 2003 © Semtech Corp. F8530D_002PINDIAG_04 RDY PORB ALE RDB WRB CSB A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 DGNDd VDDd UPSEL0 UPSEL1 UPSEL2 I14 I13 I12 I11 I10 I9 I8 Description Table 3 Other Pins I/O Type 2 Pin No. TRST I TTLD JTAG Control Reset Input: TRST = 1 to enable JTAG Boundary Scan mode. TRST = 0 for Boundary Scan stand-by mode, still allowing correct device operation. If not used connect to GND or leave floating. 7 TMS I TTLU JTAG Test Mode Select: Boundary Scan enable. Sampled on rising edge of TCK. If not used connect to VDD or leave floating. 8 INTREQ O TTL/ CMOS 9 TCK I TTLD JTAG Clock: Boundary Scan clock input. If not used connect to GND or leave floating. 10 REFCLK I TTL Reference Clock: 12.800 MHz (refer to section headed Local Oscillator Clock). Page 2 Symbol Description Interrupt Request: Programmable Active High/Low, open source/drain www.semtech.com ACS8530 SETS ADVANCED COMMUNICATION PRODUCT BRIEF Table 3 Other Pins (cont...) Pin No. I/O Type 18 SRCSW I TTLD Source Switching: Force Fast Source Switching. I/O Type Description 70 CSB I/O TTLU Chip Select (Active Low): This pin is asserted Low by the microprocessor to enable the microprocessor interface output in EPROM mode only. 21 TDO O TTL/ CMOS JTAG Output: Serial test data output. Updated on falling edge of TCK. If not used leave floating. 71 WRB I TTLU Write (Active Low): This pin is asserted Low by the microprocessor to initiate a write cycle. In Motorola mode, WRB = 1 for Read. 23 TDI I TTL JTAG Input: Serial test data Input. Sampled on rising edge of TCK. If not used connect to VDD or leave floating. 24 I1 I AMI Input Reference 1: Composite clock 64 kHz + 8 kHz. 72 RDB I TTLU Read (Active Low): This pin is asserted Low by the microprocessor to initiate a read cycle. 25 I2 I AMI Input Reference 2: Composite clock 64 kHz + 8 kHz. 73 ALE I TTLD Address Latch Enable: This pin becomes the address latch enable from the microprocessor. When this pin transitions from Low to High, the address bus inputs are latched into the internal registers. ALE = SCLK in Serial mode. 27 TO8NEG O AMI Output Reference 8: Composite clock, 64 kHz + 8 kHz negative pulse. 28 TO8POS O AMI Output Reference 8: Composite clock, 64 kHz + 8 kHz positive pulse. 30 FrSync O TTL/ CMOS Output Reference 10: 8 kHz Frame Sync output. 74 PORB I TTLU Power-On Reset: Master reset. If PORB is forced Low, all internal states are set to default values. 31 MFrSync O TTL/ CMOS Output Reference 11: 2 kHz MultiFrame Sync output. 34, 35 TO6POS, TO6NEG O LVDS/ PECL Output Reference 6: Programmable, default 38.88 MHz, default type LVDS. 75 RDY O TTL/ CMOS Ready/Data Acknowledge: This pin is asserted High to indicate the device has completed a read or write operation. 36, 37 TO7POS, TO7NEG O PECL/ LVDS Output Reference 7: Programmable, default 19.44 MHz, default type PECL. 76 - 83 AD(7:0) I/O TTLD Address/Data: Multiplexed data/address bus depending on the microprocessor mode selection. AD(0) is SDO in Serial mode. 40, 41 I5POS, I5NEG I LVDS/ PECL Input Reference 5: Programmable, default 19.44 MHz, default type LVDS. 42, 43 I6POS, I6NEG I PECL/ LVDS Input Reference 6: Programmable, default 19.44 MHz, default type PECL. 88 TO1 O TTL/ CMOS Output Reference 1: Programmable, default 6.48 MHz. 45 SYNC2K I TTLD External Sync Input: 2 kHz, 4 kHz or 8 kHz for frame alignment. 89 TO2 O TTL/ CMOS Output Reference 2: Programmable, default 38.88 MHz. 46 I3 I TTLD Input Reference 3: Programmable, default 8 kHz. 90 TO3 O TTL/ CMOS Output Reference 3: Programmable, default 19.44 MHz. 47 I4 I TTLD Input Reference 4: Programmable, default 8 kHz. 93 TO4 O TTL/ CMOS Output Reference 4: Programmable, default 38.88 MHz. 48 I7 I TTLD Input Reference 7: Programmable, default 19.44 MHz. 94 TO5 O TTL/ CMOS Output Reference 5: Programmable, default 77.76 MHz. 51 I8 I TTLD Input Reference 8: Programmable, default 19.44 MHz. 95 TO9 O TTL/ CMOS 52 I9 I TTLD Input Reference 9: Programmable, default 19.44 MHz. Output Reference 9: 1.544/2.048 MHz, as per ITU G.783 BITS requirements. 99 MSTSLVB I TTLU 53 I10 I TTLD Input Reference 10: Programmable, default 19.44 MHz. Master/Slave Select: Sets the state of the device operating mode, Reg. 34, Bit 1. 54 I11 I TTLD Input Reference 11: Programmable, default (Master mode) 1.544/2.048 MHz, default (Slave mode) 6.48 MHz. 100 SONSDHB I TTLD 55 I12 I TTLD Input Reference 12: Programmable, default 1.544/2.048 MHz. 56 I13 I TTLD Input Reference 13: Programmable, default 1.544/2.048 MHz. 57 I14 I TTLD Input Reference 14: Programmable, default 1.544/2.048 MHz. SONET or SDH frequency select: Sets the initial power up state (or state after a PORB) of the SONET/SDH frequency selection registers, Reg. 34, Bit 2 and Reg. 38, Bit 5 and Bit 6, and Reg 64 bit 4. When set Low, SDH rates are selected (2.048 MHz etc.) and when set High, SONET rates are selected (1.544 MHz etc.) The register states can be changed after power-up by software. 58 - 60 UPSEL(2:0) I TTLD Microprocessor Select: Configures the interface for a particular microprocessor type at reset. 63 - 69 Symbol Table 3 Other Pins (cont...) A(6:0) I/O U TTLD Description Pin No. Microprocessor Interface Address: Address bus for the microprocessor interface registers. A(0) is SDI in Serial mode - output in EPROM mode only. Revision 2.00/February 2003 © Semtech Corp. Symbol Note...I = Input, O = Output, P = Power, TTLU = TTL input with pull-up resistor, TTLD = TTL input with pull-down resistor Page 3 www.semtech.com ACS8530 SETS ADVANCED COMMUNICATION Introduction PRODUCT BRIEF General Description The ACS8530 SETS device is the industry standard singlechip solution for all of the SETS functions in both SONET and SDH Network Elements. It is a highly integrated, and easily configurable device which generates and maintains accurate and stable SEC and Frame/Multi-Frame Synchronization pulse outputs, compliant with the required international telecom specifications and standards. The ACS8530 provides a simple, compact, highly flexible synchronization solution, which can be easily tailored for use with a range of transmission formats and rates, via software configuration. The ACS8530 employs various mechanisms to maintain the integrity of its output clocks when its input clocks fail or fall below the required specification levels. By smoothing out the effects of these input anomalies, the ACS8530 improves the overall stability and reliability of the downstream system synchronization, which translates to improved quality of service. In addition to the benefits of having all the SETS functionality on one chip, a key architectural advantage that the ACS8530 has over traditional solutions is in the use of Digital Phase Locked Loop (DPLL) technology for precise and repeatable performance over temperature or voltage variations and between parts. Semtech can provide an Evaluation Board and an intuitive, GUI-based Software package so that designers can rapidly appraise the ACS8530 SETS device and see for themselves the benefits that a Semtech SETS solution can bring to their designs. Figure 3 Evaluation Software Graphical User Interface Inputs The ACS8530 SETS device accepts 14 input clocks via the input ports (10 x TTL, 2 x PECL/LVDS, 2 x AMI). All the TTL/CMOS ports are 3 V and 5 V compatible (with clamping if required by connecting the VDD5 pin). The AMI inputs are typically ±1 V A.C. coupled. Input frequencies supported range from 2 kHz to 155.52 MHz. Common E1, DS1, OC-3 and sub-divisions are supported as spot frequencies to which the DPLLs will directly lock. Any input frequency, up to 100 MHz, that is a multiple of 8 kHz can also be locked to via a built-in programmable divider. The ACS8530 supports all three types of reference clock source: Recovered Line Clock, PDH Network Synchronization Timing and Node Synchronization. Refer to Table 4 for details of each input port. Monitors A monitoring function constantly appraises the frequency/activity of each input reference source, and reports anomalous behavior. Each of the 14 input monitors is individually configurable, allowing flags or interrupts to be raised which can influence both the operating state of the device and which inputs are available for selection by the PLL circuitry. Any reference source which suffers a loss-of-activity or clock-out-of-band condition will be declared as unavailable. Anomalies detected by the activity detector are integrated in a Leaky Bucket Accumulator. Occasional anomalies do not cause the Accumulator to cross the alarm setting threshold, so the selected reference source is retained. Persistent anomalies cause the alarm setting threshold to be crossed and result in the selected reference source being rejected. The ACS8530 performs frequency monitoring to identify reference sources which have drifted outside the acceptable frequency range measured with respect either to the output clock or to the XO clock. A soft alarm is raised if the drift is outside ±11.43 ppm and a hard alarm is raised if the drift is outside ±15.24 ppm. Revision 2.00/February 2003 © Semtech Corp. Page 4 www.semtech.com ACS8530 SETS ADVANCED COMMUNICATION PRODUCT BRIEF Table 4 Input Reference Source Selection and Priority Table Port Number Channel Number Input Port Technology Frequencies Supported Default Priority I1 0001 AMI 64/8 kHz (composite clock, 64 kHz + 8 kHz) Default (SONET): 64/8 kHz Default (SDH): 64/8 kHz 2 I2 0010 AMI 64/8 kHz (composite clock, 64 kHz + 8 kHz) Default (SONET): 64/8 kHz Default (SDH): 64/8 kHz 3 I3 0011 TTL/CMOS Up to 100 MHz (see Note (i)) Default (SONET): 8 kHz Default (SDH): 8 kHz 4 I4 0100 TTL/CMOS Up to 100 MHz (see Note (i)) Default (SONET): 8 kHz Default (SDH): 8 kHz 5 I5 0101 LVDS/PECL LVDS default Up to 155.52 MHz (see Note (ii)) Default (SONET): 19.44 MHz Default (SDH): 19.44 MHz 6 I6 0110 PECL/LVDS PECL default Up to 155.52 MHz (see Note (ii)) Default (SONET): 19.44 MHz Default (SDH): 19.44 MHz 7 I7 0111 TTL/CMOS Up to 100 MHz (see Note (i)) Default (SONET): 19.44 MHz Default (SDH): 19.44 MHz 8 I8 1000 TTL/CMOS Up to 100 MHz (see Note (i)) Default (SONET): 19.44 MHz Default (SDH): 19.44 MHz 9 I9 1001 TTL/CMOS Up to 100 MHz (see Note (i)) Default (SONET): 19.44 MHz Default (SDH): 19.44 MHz 10 I10 1010 TTL/CMOS Up to 100 MHz (see Note (i)) Default (SONET): 19.44 MHz Default (SDH): 19.44 MHz 11 I11 1011 TTL/CMOS Up to 100 MHz (see Note (i)) Default (Master) (SONET): 1.544 MHz Default (Master) (SDH): 2.048 MHz Default (Slave) 6.48 MHz 12/1 (Note (iii)) I12 1100 TTL/CMOS Up to 100 MHz (see Note (i)) Default (SONET): 1.544 MHz Default (SDH): 2.048 MHz 13 I13 1101 TTL/CMOS Up to 100 MHz (see Note (i)) Default (SONET): 1.544 MHz Default (SDH): 2.048 MHz 14 I14 1110 TTL/CMOS Up to 100 MHz (see Note (i)) Default (SONET): 1.544 MHz Default (SDH): 2.048 MHz 15 Notes: (i) TTL ports (compatible also with CMOS signals) support clock speeds up to 100 MHz, with the highest spot frequency being 77.76 MHz. The actual spot frequencies are: 2 kHz, 4 kHz, 8 kHz (and N x 8 kHz), 1.544 MHz (SONET)/2.048 MHz (SDH), 6.48 MHz, 19.44 MHz, 25.92 MHz, 38.88 MHz, 51.84 MHz, 77.76 MHz. SONET or SDH input rate is selected via Reg. 34 bit 2, ip_sonsdhb). (ii) PECL and LVDS ports support the spot clock frequencies listed above plus 155.52 MHz (and 311.04 MHz for TO6 only). (iii) Input port I11 is set at priority 12 on the Master SETS IC and priority 1 on the Slave SETS IC, as default on power up (or PORB). The default setup of Master or Slave I11 priority is determined by the MSTSLVB pin. PLL Paths There are two main paths through the device, T0 and T4; these names refer to the pair of PLLs (one digital, one analog) that process the selected inputs to synthesize the required output frequencies. The T0 and T4 paths are independent of each other in the default state, allowing two separate inputs to be in independent use in the device at the same time. However the interconnections between PLL blocks within and between these paths is highly configurable, via register control. Several different paths can be obtained to provide the output frequencies and jitter performance required (see application note ANSETS-7). In many configurations the paths are combined so that only the T0, or only the T4 input can be used, not both at the same time. Both paths include an input selector, an optionally selected divider, a DPLL, a multiplying and filtering APLL and an output frequency divider. In each path the DPLLs Revision 2.00/February 2003 © Semtech Corp. are shown in the Block Diagram as comprising a generic Phase and Frequency Detector (PFD), a Digital Loop filter, and a Digital Timed Oscillator (DTO); however the DPLL architecture in the T0 path is actually more complex than that of the T4 path and provides greater functionality. Features of the T0 and T4 PLL Paths z Automatic source selection according to input priorities and quality level z Different quality levels (activity alarm thresholds) for each input z Variable bandwidth, lock range and damping factor z Direct PLL locking to common SONET/SDH input frequencies or any multiple of 8 kHz z Automatic mode switching between Free-run, Locked and Holdover states Page 5 www.semtech.com ACS8530 SETS ADVANCED COMMUNICATION PRODUCT BRIEF z Fast detection on input failure and entry into Holdover mode (holds at the last good frequency value) z Frequency translation between input and output rates via direct digital synthesis z High accuracy digital architecture for stable PLL dynamics combined with an APLL for low jitter final output clocks Table 5 Output Port Frequencies and Technologies T0 Additional Features: z Non-revertive mode z Phase Build-out (PBO) on source switch (hit-less source switching) The ACS8530 can be configured to support OC-N, E1/DS1, E3/DS3 and BITS outputs, together with and an 8 kHz Frame Synchronization clock and a 2 kHz MultiFrame Synchronization clock. Tables 5 and 6 summarize the output frequency/jitter options and technologies supported for each output port. Port Name Output Port Technology T01 TTL/CMOS T02 TTL/CMOS T03 TTL/CMOS TTL/CMOS z PBO following phase hit on locked-to source T04 T05 TTL/CMOS z I/O phase offset control T06 z Greater programmable bandwidth from 0.5 mHz to 70 Hz in 18 steps (T4 path programmable bandwidth in 3 steps, 18, 35 and 70 Hz) LVDS/PECL (LVDS default) T07 PECL/LVDS (PECL default) T08 AMI z Noise rejection on low frequency inputs z Manual Holdover frequency control z Controllable automatic Holdover frequency filtering z Frame Sync pulse alignment Either the software or an internal state machine controls the operation of the DPLL in the T0 path. The state machine for the T4 path is very simple and cannot be manually/externally controlled, however the overall operation can be controlled by using manual reference source selection. The T4 path can be used to measure phase difference between two inputs. The T0 path DPLL always produces an output at 77.76 MHz to feed the APLL, regardless of the frequency selected at the output pins. The T4 path can be operated at a number of frequencies. This is to enable the generation of extra output frequencies, which cannot be easily related to 77.76 MHz. When the T4 path is selected to lock to the T0 path, the T4 DPLL locks to 8 kHz supplied from the T0 DPLL. This is because all of the frequencies of operation of the T4 path can be divided to 8 kHz and this ensures synchronization of all the frequencies (except 2 kHz) within the two paths. Outputs The PLLs work together to ensure a number of frequencies are simultaneously available for selection at the 11 output ports (8 x TTL, 2 x PECL/LVDS, 1 x AMI). The various configurations make the ACS8530 capable of generating a total of 55 possible output frequencies. Revision 2.00/February 2003 © Semtech Corp. Frequencies Supported See Table 6 64/8 kHz (composite clock, 64 kHz + 8 kHz), fixed frequency. T09 TTL/CMOS Either 1.544 MHz or 2.048 MHz. T010 TTL/CMOS FrSync, 8 kHz programmable pulse width and polarity, see Reg. 7C. T011 TTL/CMOS MFrSync, 2 kHz programmable pulse width and polarity, see Reg. 7C. Table 6 TO1 to TO7 Frequency/Jitter Options Frequency (MHz) 2 kHz Jitter Level (typ) rms (ps) 60 8 kHz pk-pk (ns) 0.6 60 0.6 1.536 (not TO4/TO5) 250 1.5 1.544 (not TO4/TO5) 150 1.0 2.048 220 1.2 2.0586667 150 1.0 2.316 (not TO4/TO5) 2.7306667 2.796 (not TO4/TO5) 110 0.75 220 1.2 110 1.0 3.088 110 0.75 3.728 110 1.0 4.096 via Digital1 (not TO7) or Digital2 (not TO6) 3800 13 4.296 (not TO4/TO5) 120 1.0 4.86 (not TO4/TO5) 60 0.6 5.728 120 1.0 6.144 250 1.5 6.176 150 1.0 6.48 60 0.6 8.192 220 1.2 8.2346667 760 2.6 9.264 110 0.75 10.922667 250 1.6 11.184 110 1.0 12.288 250 1.5 12.352 110 0.75 16.384 220 1.2 16.46933 760 2.6 17.184 120 1.0 Page 6 www.semtech.com ACS8530 SETS ADVANCED COMMUNICATION PRODUCT BRIEF Table 6 TO1 to TO7 Frequency/Jitter Options (cont...) Jitter Level (typ) Frequency (MHz) 18.528 rms (ps) 110 pk-pk (ns) 0.75 19.44 60 0.6 21.84533 250 1.6 22.368 110 1.0 24.576 250 1.5 24.704 110 0.75 25.92 60 0.6 32.768 220 1.2 34.368 120 1.0 37.056 110 0.75 38.88 60 0.6 44.736 110 1.0 49.152 (TO4/TO5 only) 250 1.5 49.152 (TO6/TO7 only) 900 4.5 49.408 (TO4/TO5 only) 150 1.0 49.408 (TO6/TO7 only) 760 2.6 60 0.6 65.536 (TO4/TO5 only) 220 1.2 65.536 (TO6/TO7 only) 120 1.0 51.84 68.736 120 1.0 74.112 (TO4/TO5 only) 110 0.75 74.112 (TO6/TO7 only) 110 0.75 60 0.6 77.76 89.472 (TO4/TO5 only) 110 1.0 98.304 (TO6 only) 900 4.5 98.816 (TO6 only) 760 2.6 131.072 (TO6 only) 250 1.6 137.472 (TO4/TO5 only) 120 1.0 148.224 (TO6 only) 110 0.75 60 0.6 (TO6 only) 60 0.6 155.52 311.04 Input Selection Priorities Each input reference can be programmed with a priority number (see Table 4) allowing references to be chosen according to the highest priority valid input. The two paths (T0 and T4) have their own separate priority settings so that the paths can operate independently. Both paths operate either automatic or external source selection. Table 4 gives details of the input reference ports. Specific frequencies and priorities are set by configuration. Automatic Selection Under normal operation, the input reference sources are selected automatically by an order of priority. But, for special circumstances such as chip or board testing, the selection may be forced by configuration. Automatic operation selects a reference source based on its predefined priority and its current availability. A table is maintained which lists all reference sources in the order of priority. This is initially defined by the default configuration and can be changed, via the microprocessor interface, by the Network Manager. In this way, when all the defined sources are active and valid, the source with the highest programmed priority is selected but, if this source fails, then next-highest source is selected. Modes of Operation The device has three principle modes of operation: Free-run, Locked, and Holdover. In Free-run mode, the ACS8530 is not synchronized to an input reference source. It generates a stable, low-noise clock signal derived from, and with the same frequency accuracy as, the external oscillator. The accuracy can be enhanced via software calibration to within ±0.02 ppm. In Locked mode, the ACS8530 selects the most appropriate input reference source from its 14 available inputs and generates a stable, low-noise clock signal locked to the selected reference. When the Locked mode is achieved, the output signal is phase locked to the selected input reference source. The selected input reference source is determined by the priority table. When the ACS8530 is in Locked mode, the output frequency and phase follows that of the selected input reference source. Revision 2.00/February 2003 © Semtech Corp. In Holdover mode, the ACS8530 generates a stable, lownoise clock signal from the internal oscillator, adjusted to match the last known good frequency of the last selected reference source. The device uses stored data, acquired when the input reference source was still valid, to control its output frequency. The ACS8530 provides several configurable modes for refining Holdover operation. Ultra Fast Switching Reference sources are monitored using a Leaky Bucket approach to allow source qualification criterion to be monitored. A reference source is normally disqualified after the Leaky Bucket monitor thresholds have been crossed. An option for a faster disqualification has been implemented so that a loss of activity of just a few reference clock cycles will raise an alarm and cause a reference switch. External Protection Switching External Switching mode, for fast switching between inputs I3 or I5 and I4 or I6, can also be triggered directly from a dedicated pin (SRCSW). Page 7 www.semtech.com ACS8530 SETS ADVANCED COMMUNICATION Performance PRODUCT BRIEF that the overall system performance still maintains the advantage of consistent behavior provided by the digital approach. Conformance In all modes of Operation, the frequency accuracy, jitter and drift performance of the clocks meet the requirements of the following specifications: The DPLLs are clocked by the external Oscillator module (OCXO) therefore the Free-run or Holdover frequency stability is only determined by the stability of the external oscillator module. This second key advantage confines all temperature critical components to one well defined and pre-calibrated module, whose performance can be chosen to match the application; for example, an OCXO for Stratum 3E applications. ITU-T: G.736, G.742, G783, G.812, G.813, G.822, G.823, G.824, G.825. Telcordia: GR-253-CORE, Issue 3; GR-499-CORE, Issue 2; GR-1244-CORE, Issue 2. ANSI: (DS1) T1 1.101-1999. ETSI: ETS 300 462-3, ETS 300 462-5. All performance parameters of the DPLLs are programmable without the need to understand detailed PLL equations. Bandwidth, damping factor and lock range, for example, can all be set directly. The PLL bandwidth can be set over a wide range, 0.5 mHz to 70 Hz in 18 steps, to cover all SONET/SDH clock synchronization applications. Performance Benefits from DPLL/APLL Technology The use of Digital Phase Locked Loop technology ensures precise and repeatable performance over temperature or voltage variations, and between parts. The overall PLL bandwidth, loop damping, pull-in range and frequency accuracy are all determined by digital parameters that provides a consistent level of performance. An APLL takes the signal from the DPLL output and provides a lower jitter output. The APLL bandwidth is set four orders of magnitude higher than the DPLL bandwidth. This ensures A high level of phase and frequency accuracy is made possible in the ACS8530 by an internal resolution of up to 54 bits and internal Holdover accuracy up to 7.5 x 10-14 (instantaneous). Typical Application Figure 4 Semtech's Product Family Solution for a Typical SONET/SDH Architecture Multiple Line cards Line Card Recovered Clock Master Clock Master Sync Slave Clock Slave Sync Stand-by Clock Stand-by Sync Frame Sync Multi Frame Sync ACS8515 ACS8525 ACS8526 ACS8527 FRAMER SERDES E1/DS1 LINE CARD PROTECTION To/from SONET/SDH/PDH Network CMU Low Jitter up to 622 MHz Low Jitter/Low Skew Clock Distribution Backplane Slave Sync Card Master Sync Card Input CLK Sources Config. Priorities mP/Serial Bus SSM Primary Ref. Input/ output DATA DATA ACS8510 ACS8520 ACS8522 ACS8530 Priorities TCLK CLK Line I/F Unit SETS Output CLKs ACS8110 Clock Distribution SSM HANDLER SEC SetsLinecardGenApp_03 Revision 2.00/February 2003 © Semtech Corp. Page 8 www.semtech.com ACS8530 SETS ADVANCED COMMUNICATION Register Map PRODUCT BRIEF Table 7 Register Map Data Bit Address (hex) Default (hex) Register Name RO = Read Only R/W = Read/Write chip_id (RO) 7 (MSB) 6 4 3 2 1 00 52 Device part number [7:0] 8 least significant bits of the chip ID 01 21 Device part number [15:8] 8 most significant bits of the chip ID chip_revision (RO) 02 00 test_register1 (R/W) 03 14 phase_alarm disable_180 sts_interrupts (R/W) 05 FF I8 valid change I7 valid change 06 3F operating_ mode main_ref_ failed sts_current_DPLL_frequency, see OC/OD 07 00 sts_interrupts (R/W) 08 50 Sync_ip_alarm T4_status sts_operating (RO) 09 41 SYNC2K_ alarm sts_priority_table (RO) 5 0 (LSB) Chip revision number [7:0] resync_ analog Set to zero 8K edge polarity Set to zero Set to zero I6 valid change I5 valid change I4 valid change I3 valid change I2 valid change I1 valid change I14 valid change I13 valid change I12 valid change I11 valid change I10 valid change I9 valid change Bits [18:16] of current DPLL frequency T4_DPLL_lock T4_inputs_ failed TO_DPLL_freq _soft_alarm AMI2_Viol AMI2_LOS T4_DPLL_freq _soft_alarm AMI1_Viol AMI1_LOS T0_DPLL_operating_mode 0A 00 Highest priority validated source Currently selected source 0B 00 3rd highest priority validated source 2nd highest priority validated source sts_current_DPLL_frequency [7:0] 0C 00 (RO) Bits [7:0] of current DPLL frequency [15:8] 0D 00 [18:16] 07 00 0E 00 0F 00 sts_sources_valid (RO) sts_reference_sources (RO) Bits [15:8] of current DPLL frequency Bits [18:16] of current DPLL offset I8 I7 Out-of-band alarm (soft) Out-of band alarm (hard) I6 I5 I4 I3 I2 I1 I14 I13 I12 I11 I10 I9 No Activity alarm Phase lock alarm Out-of-band alarm (soft) Out-of band alarm (hard) No activity alarm Phase lock alarm Status of Input pairs (1 & 2) 10 66 Status of I2 Input Status of I1 Input (3 & 4) 11 66 Status of I4 Input Status of I3 Input (5 & 6) 12 66 Status of I6 Input Status of I5 Input (7 & 8) 13 66 Status of I8 Input Status of I7 Input (9 & 10) 14 66 Status of I10 Input Status of I9 Input (11 & 12) 15 66 Status of I12 Input Status of I11 Input (13 & 14) 16 66 Status of I14 Input Status of I13 Input cnfg_ref_selection_priority (1 & 2) 18 32 programmed_priority I2 programmed_priority I1 (R/W) (3 & 4) 19 54 programmed_priority I4 programmed_priority I3 (5 & 6) 1A 76 programmed_priority I6 programmed_priority I5 (7 & 8) 1B 98 programmed_priority I8 programmed_priority I7 (9 & 10) 1C BA programmed_priority I10 programmed_priority I9 (11 & 12) 1D DC programmed_priority I12 programmed_priority I11 (13 & 14) 1E programmed_priority I14 programmed_priority I13 FE cnfg_ref_source_frequency_ 1 20 00 Set to zero bucket_id_1 (R/W) 2 21 00 Set to zero bucket_id_2 Set to zero Set to zero 3 22 00 divn_3 lock8k_3 bucket_id_3 reference_source_frequency_3 4 23 00 divn_4 lock8k_4 bucket_id_4 reference_source_frequency_4 5 24 03 divn_5 lock8k_5 bucket_id_5 reference_source_frequency_5 6 25 03 divn_6 lock8k_6 bucket_id_6 reference_source_frequency_6 7 26 03 divn_7 lock8k_7 bucket_id_7 reference_source_frequency_7 8 27 03 divn_8 lock8k_8 bucket_id_8 reference_source_frequency_8 9 28 03 divn_9 lock8k_9 bucket_id_9 reference_source_frequency_9 10 29 03 divn_10 lock8k_10 bucket_id_10 reference_source_frequency_10 11 2A 03 divn_11 lock8k_11 bucket_id_11 reference_source_frequency_11 12 2B 01 divn_12 lock8k_12 bucket_id_12 reference_source_frequency_12 13 2C 01 divn_13 lock8k_13 bucket_id_13 reference_source_frequency_13 14 2D 01 divn_14 lock8k_14 bucket_id_14 reference_source_frequency_14 cnfg_sts_remote_sources_valid (R/W) 30 FF 31 3F Revision 2.00/February 2003 © Semtech Corp. Remote status, channels [8:1] Remote status, channels [14:9] Page 9 www.semtech.com ACS8530 SETS ADVANCED COMMUNICATION PRODUCT BRIEF Table 7 Register Map (cont...) Address (hex) Default (hex) Register Name RO = Read Only R/W = Read/Write Data Bit 7 (MSB) 6 cnfg_operating_mode (R/W) 32 00 force_select_reference_source (R/W) 33 0F cnfg_input_mode (Bit 1 RO, otherwise R/W) 34 C2 auto_extsync_ en phalarm_ timeout cnfg_T4_path (R/W) 35 40 Lock_T4_to_ T0 T4_dig_ feedback cnfg_differential_inputs (R/W) 36 02 cnfg_uPsel_pins (RO) 37 02 cnfg_dig_outputs_sonsdh (R/W) 38 1F cnfg_digtial_frequencies (R/W) 39 08 cnfg_differential_outputs (R/W) 3A C6 cnfg_auto_bw_sel (R/W) 3B FB [7:0] 3C 99 cnfg_nominal_frequency (R/W) 5 4 (R/W) 2 0 (LSB) forced_reference_source XO_ edge man_holdover extsync_en IP_sonsdhb T4_op_ from_T0 master_slaveb reversion_ mode T4_forced_reference_source I6_PECL I5_LVDS Microprocessor type dig2_sonsdh digital2_frequency dig1_sonsdh digital1_frequency T07_PECL_LVDS auto_BW_sel T06_LVDS_PECL T0_lim_int Nominal frequency [7:0] Nominal frequency [15:8] [7:0] 3E 00 Holdover frequency [7:0] [15:8] 3F 00 Holdover frequency [15:8] cnfg_holdover_modes (R/W) 1 TO_DPLL_operating_mode [15:8] 3D 99 cnfg_holdover_frequency 3 40 88 cnfg_DPLL_freq_limit (R/W) [7:0] 41 76 [9:8] 42 00 cnfg_interrupt_mask (R/W) [7:0] 43 00 I8 interrupt not masked I7 interrupt not masked I6 interrupt not masked I5 interrupt not masked I4 interrupt not masked I3 interrupt not masked I2 interrupt not masked I1 interrupt not masked [15:8] 44 00 Operating_ mode interrupt not masked Main_ref_ failed interrupt not masked I14 interrupt not masked I13 interrupt not masked I12 interrupt not masked I11 interrupt not masked I10 interrupt not masked I9 interrupt not masked [23:16] 45 00 Sync_ip_ T4_status alarm interrupt interrupt not not masked masked T4_inputs_ failed interrupt not masked AMI2_Viol interrupt not masked AMI2_ LOS interrupt not masked AMI1_ Viol interrupt not masked AMI1_LOS interrupt not masked freq_monitor_ soft_enable freq_monitor_ hard_enable cnfg_freq_divn (R/W) auto_ averaging fast_averaging read_average Mini-holdover_mode Holdover frequency [18:16] (with Registers 3E and 3F above) DPLL frequency offset limit [7:0] DPLL frequency offset limit[9:8] [7:0] 46 FF [13:8] 47 3F divn_value [7:0] cnfg_monitors (R/W) 48 05 cnfg_freq_mon_threshold (R/W) 49 23 soft_frequency_alarm_threshold [3:0] hard_frequency_alarm_threshold [3:0] cnfg_current_freq_mon_ threshold (R/W) 4A 23 current soft frequency alarm threshold [3:0] current_hard_frequency_alarm_threshold [3:0] cnfg_registers_source_select (R/W) 4B 00 sts_freq_measurement (R/W) 4C 00 cnfg_DPLL_soft_limit (R/W) 4D 8E cnfg_upper_threshold_0 (R/W) 50 06 Configuration 0: Activity alarm set threshold [7:0] cnfg_lower_threshold_0 (R/W) 51 04 Configuration 0: Activity alarm reset threshold [7:0] Configuration 0: Activity alarm bucket size [7:0] divn_value [13:8] freq_mon_ clock los_flag_ on_ TDO ultra_fast_ switch ext_switch T4_T0_select PBO_freeze PBO_en frequency_measurement_channel_select [3:0] freq_measurement_value [7:0] Freq limit Phase loss enable DPLL Frequency Soft Alarm Limit [6:0] Resolution = 0.628 ppm cnfg_bucket_size_0 (R/W) 52 08 cnfg_decay_rate_0 (R/W) 53 01 cnfg_upper_threshold_1 (R/W) 54 06 Configuration 1: Activity alarm set threshold [7:0] Cfg 0:decay_rate [1:0] cnfg_lower_threshold_1 (R/W) 55 04 Configuration 1: Activity alarm reset threshold [7:0] cnfg_bucket_size_1 (R/W) 56 08 Configuration 1: Activity alarm bucket size [7:0] cnfg_decay_rate_1 (R/W) 57 01 cnfg_upper_threshold_2 (R/W) 58 06 Configuration 2: Activity alarm set threshold [7:0] Cfg 1:decay_rate [1:0] cnfg_lower_threshold_2 (R/W) 59 04 Configuration 2: Activity alarm reset threshold [7:0] cnfg_bucket_size_2 (R/W) 5A 08 Configuration 2: Activity alarm bucket size [7:0] cnfg_decay_rate_2 (R/W) 5B 01 cnfg_upper_threshold_3 (R/W) 5C 06 cnfg_lower_threshold_3 (R/W) 5D 04 cnfg_bucket_size_3 (R/W) 5E 08 cnfg_decay_rate_3 (R/W) 5F 01 Revision 2.00/February 2003 © Semtech Corp. Cfg 2:decay_rate [1:0] Configuration 3: Activity alarm set threshold [7:0] Configuration 3: Activity alarm reset threshold [7:0] Configuration 3: Activity alarm bucket size [7:0] Cfg 3:decay_rate [1:0] Page 10 www.semtech.com ACS8530 SETS ADVANCED COMMUNICATION PRODUCT BRIEF Table 7 Register Map (cont...) Address (hex) Default (hex) Register Name RO = Read Only R/W = Read/Write Data Bit 7 (MSB) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 (LSB) cnfg_output_frequency (R/W) (TO1 & TO2) 60 85 output_freq_2 (TO2) output_freq_1 (TO1) (TO3 & TO4) 61 86 output_freq_4 (TO4) output_freq_3 (TO3) (TO5 & TO6) 62 8A (TO7 to TO11) 63 F6 cnfg_T4_DPLL_frequency (R/W) 64 01 cnfg_T0_DPLL_frequency (R/W) 65 01 cnfg_T4_DPLL_bw (R/W) 66 00 cnfg_T0_DPLL_locked_bw (R/W) 67 0B output_freq_6 (TO6) MFrSync enable T4 for measuring T0 phase output_freq_5 (TO5) FrSync enable TO9 enable TO8 enable Auto Disable T4 output AMI Duty cycle T4 SONET/SDH selection T4 APLL for T0 E1/DS1 output_freq_7 (TO7) T4_DPLL_frequency T0_DPLL_frequency T0 Freq to T4 APLL T4_DPLL_bandwidth [1:0] T0_DPLL_locked_bandwidth [4:0] cnfg_T0_DPLL_acq_bw (R/W) 69 0F cnfg_T4_DPLL_damping (R/W) 6A 13 T4_PD2_gain_alog_8K [6:4] cnfg_T0_DPLL_damping (R/W) 6B 13 T0_PD2_gain_alog_8K [6:4] T0_damping [2:0] cnfg_T4_DPLL_PD2_gain (R/W) 6C C2 T4_PD2_gain_ enable T4_PD2_gain_alog [6:4] T4_PD2_gain_digital [2:0] cnfg_T0_DPLL_PD2_gain (R/W) 6D C2 T0_PD2_gain_ enable T0_PD2_gain_alog [6:4] T0_PD2_gain_digital [2:0] cnfg_phase_offset (R/W) T0_DPLL_acquisition bandwidth [4:0] T4_damping [2:0] [7:0] 70 00 phase_offset_value[7:0] [15:8] 71 00 phase_offset_value[15:8] cnfg_PBO_phase_offset (R/W) PBO_phase_ offset [5:0] 72 00 cnfg_phase_loss_fine_limit (R/W) 73 A2 Fine limit Phase loss enable (1) No activity for phase loss Test Bit Set to 1 cnfg_phase_loss_coarse_limit (R/W) 74 85 Coarse limit Phase loss enable (2) Wide range enable Enable Multi Phase resp. cnfg_phasemon (R/W) 76 06 Input noise window enable [7:0] 77 00 current_phase[7:0] [15:8] 78 00 current_phase[15:8] sts_current_phase (RO) cnfg_phase_alarm_timeout (RO) 79 32 cnfg_sync_pulses (R/W) 7A 00 2 k/8 k out from T4 cnfg_sync_phase (R/W) 7B 00 indep_FrSync/ MFrSync cnfg_sync_monitor (R/W) 7C 2B ph_offset_ ramp cnfg_interrupt (R/W) 7D 02 cnfg_protection(R/W) 7E 85 cnfg_uPsel (R/W) 7F 02 * Phasemon Enable phase_loss_fine_limit [2:0] Phase loss coarse limit in UI pk-pk [3:0] Phasemon Auto PBO Phase monitor limit [3:0] Timeout value in 2s intervals [5:0] Revision 2.00/February 2003 © Semtech Corp. 8 k invert 8 k pulse enable 2 k invert 2 k pulse enable Sync_phase Sync_OC-N_ rates Sync_monitor_ limit Sync_reference_source GPO interrupt enable Interrupt tristate enable Interrupt polarity enable protection_value Microprocessor type (*Default value depends on value on UPSEL[2:0] pins) Page 11 www.semtech.com ACS8530 SETS ADVANCED COMMUNICATION Ordering Information PRODUCT BRIEF Table 8 Parts List Part Number Description ACS8530 SETS Synchronous Equipment Timing Source for Stratum 2/3E Systems ACS8530 EVB Evaluation Board and Software Disclaimers Life support- This product is not designed or intended for use in life support equipment, devices or systems, or other critical applications. This product is not authorized or warranted by Semtech for such use. Right to change- Semtech Corporation reserves the right to make changes, without notice, to this product. Customers are advised to obtain the latest version of the relevant information before placing orders. Compliance to relevant standards- Operation of this device is subject to the User's implementation and design practices. It is the responsibility of the User to ensure equipment using this device is compliant to any relevant standards. Contacts For Additional Information, contact the following: Semtech Corporation Advanced Communications Products E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.semtech.com USA: Mailing Address: Street Address: Tel: +1 805 498 2111, [email protected] P.O. Box 6097, Camarillo, CA 93011-6097 200 Flynn Road, Camarillo, CA 93012-8790 Fax: +1 805 498 3804 FAR EAST: 11F, No. 46, Lane 11, Kuang Fu North Road, Taipei, R.O.C. Tel: +886 2 2748 3380 Fax: +886 2 2748 3390 EUROPE: Semtech Ltd., Units 2 and 3, Park Court, Premier Way, Abbey Park Industrial Estate, Romsey, Hampshire, SO51 9AQ Tel: +44 (0)1794 527 600 Fax: +44 (0)1794 527 601 ISO9001 CERTIFIED Revision 2.00/February 2003 © Semtech Corp. Page 12 www.semtech.com


text:
Vol.32 No.1 February 1998
White Paper Published; ACM Activity Update
Bob Ellis
Bob Ellis
This column covers several items: a synopsis of SIGGRAPH's first policy white paper, ACM public policy activities and the ACM Policy98 Conference.
SIGGRAPH's First Policy White Paper
SIGGRAPH's first policy white paper, entitled "Computer Graphics, Visualization, Imaging and the GII: Technical Challenges and Public Policy Issues," was published in May 1997. It is available on-line, or by contacting Judy Osteller at ACM SIG Services, 1515 Broadway, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
The first half of the paper describes ways computer graphics can be used to address some technical challenges of the global information infrastructure (Internet/GII) and also ways the GII can address some technical challenges of computer graphics. Included are:
There are also some technical challenges in computer graphics that can be resolved by the GII. These include the enabling of up-to-date transmission of visual information, and the catering to diverse computer graphics and visualization users.
The second half of the paper describes some public policy issues directly affecting computer graphics and, for completeness, closes with a brief summary of important policy issues that go beyond computer graphics. As the public's direct access to computing becomes more widespread, policy issues have begun to affect the professional activities of all computing professionals.
I believe the number one policy issue affecting computer graphics is the availability of adequate bandwidth. While technical advances provide more efficient transfer of graphics and image information, increased availability leads to a desire for more bandwidth. While the rate of deployment of increased bandwidth seems to be increasing lately, more bandwidth is always needed and the rate of deployment might be increased by addressing tariffs and other regulatory issues. The availability of adequate computing bandwidth to support graphics at both the servers and the users' computers is also an important issue.
Another critical policy issue affecting computer graphics is the convergence of television and computing. The recent involvement of computer graphics practitioners and researchers in the definition of advanced television standards is an excellent example of computing professionals involved in policy issues. A less obvious example is the expectation of the public that computing should be as accessible as television, something that's definitely not currently true.
Other important public policy issues affecting computer graphics include:
Finally, the paper addresses a set of policy issues which, while affecting computer graphics, also affect the general practice of computing. These include:
ACM Public Policy Activities
For those of you who are ACM members or who may be interested in the public policy activities of the ACM, USACM Committee activities may be of interest. What follows borrows freely from the ACM's and USACM's home pages. "The ACM U.S. Public Policy Committee (USACM) serves as the focal point for ACM's interaction with U.S. government organizations, the computing community and the U.S. public in all matters of U.S. public policy related to information technology. USACM responds to requests for information and technical expertise from U.S. government agencies and departments, seeks to influence relevant U.S. government policies on behalf of the computing community and the public, and provides information to ACM on relevant U.S. government activities. USACM also identifies potentially significant technical and public policy issues and brings them to the attention of ACM and the community."
As can be seen from the description, USACM's activities take a stronger advocacy role than SIGGRAPH's where our purpose in policy issues is primarily education of policy makers, the public and SIGGRAPH members. USACM only deals with United States issues, primarily at the federal level, while SIGGRAPH's public policy activities try to be non-national.
SIGGRAPH's policy activities differ from USACM's in another way. We focus mainly on issues directly relevant to computer graphics where the issues of interest to USACM are broad, constitutionally based ones. The USACM's areas of interest include:
ACM Policy98 Conference
Finally, I want to call your attention to ACM's flagship conference for 1998: Policy98 to be held in Washington D.C. May 10-12, 1998. Again, borrowing freely from Policy98's WWW pages we see that the conference plans to provide a multidisciplinary forum to stress the contribution that computer professionals can make in policy-making by providing informed testimony and expanded policy options.
The purpose of the conference is to increase the influence of computer professionals in shaping the future applications of computing by establishing an intellectual foundation for the computer professional and by reaching out to policy makers. ACM through USACM and SIGCAS is sponsoring this Computing Policy Conference that brings together relevant audiences from academia, government, industry and journalism. Leading experts in the field will be invited to discuss, debate and develop policies to manage the impact of these technologies to produce outcomes beneficial to society.
The conference structure includes distinguished keynote speakers, and panels of invited speakers in which attendees and the panelists engage each other in open discussions of the issues. Attendees will be able to participate in critical action working groups and diverse, stimulating workshops, and share ideas in a multidisciplinary environment for mutual enrichment and learning -- the ultimate goal being to affect the directions of computer science policy for the benefit of all.
Bob Ellis is Co-Chair of SIGGRAPH's Public Policy Committee. When last gainfully employed (1993), he was Sun Microsystem's representative on the Computer Systems Policy Project's (CSPP) Technology Committee and also co-managed Sun's external research program. Before that Ellis held computer graphics software development and management positions with Sun, GE-Calma, Atari, Boeing and Washington University (St. Louis).
Bob Ellis
The copyright of articles and images printed remains with the author unless otherwise indicated.
The Ethics and Social Impact Track (May 10, 1998) is organized by SIGCAS to reach computer professionals interested in the ethical and social implications of computing. This includes professors of computer science, philosophers and social scientists, as well as industry and government professionals committed to the development of computer technology that benefits society. The focus of this track is on "Envisioning the Future" -- the role that computer professionals can play in building the future. This track will have papers, panels, posters and workshops as well as keynote speakers, all of which will be included in a conference proceedings. Attendees will have the chance to participate in critical action working groups to develop resolutions and position papers on how computer professionals might have a positive impact on the direction of public policy.
The Computing Policy Track (May 11-12, 1998) is sponsored by USACM to connect policy makers in government, associations and industry with the computer science professional community and the journalists who serve society by reporting on important issues in the computer science field. This track is organized around four specific policy issues, with a panel addressing each. Briefing books will be produced on the issues and distributed to attendees in advance of the conference. The policy focus issues for the conference are:
SIGGRAPH is cooperating with Policy98, and I am working with the organizers to attempt to ensure that issues of interest to SIGGRAPH members are addressed.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
All of us look to the New Year as a time to make changes in many aspects of our lives. We're giving you a twist on traditional New Year's Resolutions. We call this New in 72 – ways you can transform your skin, wardrobe, hair and wellness in just 72 hours. It's a beautiful and exciting way to kick off your 2015!
Skin care expert and Founder, President/CEO of Vertere Skin Care, Bethany Hilt, offers the following tips to see a visible difference in your skin within 72 hours:
Drink coconut water daily – Coconut water is not just a great hydrator due to its electrolyte content, but it also contains cytokines and lauric acid which are used in the process of cell growth and their regulation. Coconut water has significant anti-aging, anti-carcinogenic and anti-thrombotic properties which helps to minimize skin aging, balance PH levels and keep connective tissue hydrated.
Add a facial loofah to your cleansing routine – Regardless of the cleansing modality you're currently using, whether it's your hands or a Clarisonic, use a facial loofah gently once a day. This boost of manual exfoliation can quickly eliminate dead skin cells and polish your skin to perfection.
Vertere's Dramatic Transformation Cream SPF 15 – To build on the tips above and see a visible difference in your skin within 72 hours, use Vertere Skin Care's Dramatic Transformation Cream SPF 15 daily. A consumer test panel, beauty editors, bloggers and testimonials like this consistently report seeing a visible difference in their skin within 72 hours.
Celebrity wardrobe stylist Newheart Ohanian, who recently styled singer Estelle as well as spreads for Interview Germany, Vogue Taiwan and Elle Mexico, offers these pro principles for refreshing your wardrobe within 72 hours:
Create 'uniforms' in your closet
Organize your closet according to the staples of your 'uniforms'
Make these items the staples of your 'uniforms' to create go-to look:
A little black dres
A crisp white shirt
Black blazer(s)
Cashmere sweaters
Tux trousers
Pencil skirts
Refresh your wardrobe with new key items and accessories such as a cashmere camel coat, ankle booties, a good military boot and stackable bracelets.
Celebrity hairstylist, Kozmo Fahringer, who has perfected the tresses of hundreds of models as well as celebrities such as Brooke Shields and Isabella Rossellini, relies on one go-to product to create a blowout that lasts 72 hours – Phytovolume Actif. Just spray it into damp hair, blow dry and style. Your style will last for 72 hours without being crunchy. Use dry shampoo on day three if necessary.
Marcia Camino, yoga expert and founder of Pink Lotus Yoga Studio, recommends three types of meditation that are lesser-known to create improved emotional and spiritual health within 72 hours. These practices have shown to have a positive affect even after just one session, so practice one, two, or all three for three days straight and note the profound shift in your psyche:
Yoga Nidra (Yoga Sleep) – Yoga Nidra helps your mind and body relax deeply because your subconscious comes to the forefront and your analytical, judgmental mind falls away.
Yin Yoga – Here, we investigate postures held for several minutes each that not only open the body for greater flexibility but also clears the mind by training the brain to 'stay put'; necessary in our stressful world.
Freeform movement – At Pink Lotus Yoga Studio, we sometimes get out of our yoga minds and just shake it! We turn on danceable music for several minutes and ask students to explore creating movement from the heart rather than the head and to enjoy themselves while moving. Moving/Dancing is one of the best meditations in motion around; it can bring on "ananda" (happiness).
Here's to you making visible improvements to these aspects of your life in just 72 hours to kick off 2015 in a powerful way!


text: Hi all, I was just thinking to myself about the old PCs I've seen and used. I remember in some very old PCs I think they were 486 or Pentium 1 or 2, some of the PCs had a "turbo" button. I was very young in those days so I never really used one extensivley so I just wanted to know what was the turbo button used for? Thanks Patmian212


text:
I recently had the opportunity to review a costume from Wholesale Halloween Costumes. I chose the Olympic goddess for my review. There were a lot of neat costumes I really liked, but many of them were above the dollar limit we were to select from. I chose the Olympic goddess because it seemed like it could be more versatile than some others.
The costume included the dress, the medallion pin, which you can see attached to the shoulder strap, and a tie-able headband. The headband doesn't look as good on me because the model had a lot more hair. Or maybe it was a wig--I don't know. The page also makes accessory suggestions if you decide you need more "bling." :-)
I ordered a 2X because many times costumes run small. Also, I was a little concerned about how my upper body would fit into the costume. I was right, because I was barely able to get it on! So, that is something to keep in mind if you decide to order a costume!
Another thing I didn't realize when I ordered this particular costume is that one shoulder is bare. I didn't know this, because the model in the picture had hair covering the bare shoulder (like I do in my pic below) and I had just assumed both sides were the same. So, if I do wear this to a party, I will have to get some kind of sash to go over it. I don't think a purple or red sash would look out of place on this costume.
Here is a closer look at the headband.
Wholesale Halloween Costumes has many different costumes in different price ranges. There are costumes for men, women and children and from all kinds of categories.
I really like my costume, even I do need to modify it a bit and I would also be interested in trying a different type of costume from them. I feel their prices are reasonable for the most part. As good as any costume store that pops up around Halloween. So if you or anyone in your family will be needing a costume this year, make sure you check them out!
*I received a this product for free in exchange for my review. All opinions are my own.*


text:
Lisa - posted on 01/28/2009 ( 4 moms have responded )
I am starting conversation for the first time on circle of moms. I am 40 and proud of it. I have 4 kids,8,5,4,1.
I am lucky enough to beable to stay home with my children. (well some times it would be nice to have a daily life with adults) I have really great friends but I am trying to expand my community.
So Hello!


text:
(Excerpts from "The One Alone," a treatise by
13th-century Sufi master
Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi. The whole essay is only 20 pages, and is a marvel of
precision and intensity. If Islam has its "Tao Te Ching," this is it. This
is the sort of classic I find I can't comment upon but only quote from,
because how can I say it any better? I also find it's something one only
really needs to read once to "get it.") ---contributed by Petros
Know that He is never in anything, nor is anything in Him. He
is neither inside nor outside of anything. None can see Him,
whether with the eyes of the head or with the inner eye; nor
can any conceive Him with senses, knowledge, mind,
intelligence or imagination. Only He can see Himself; only He
can conceive Himself. None can know Him; only He can know
Himself. He sees Himself by Himself; He conceives Himself by
Himself; He knows Himself by Himself. None other than He
can see Him. None other than He can know Him. That which
hides Him is His oneness. None but Himself can hide Him. The
veil that hides Him is His own being.
He is not within you; nor are you in Him. He does not exclude
you, nor are you excluded from Him. When you are addressed
as you, do not think that you exist, with an essence and
qualities and attributes; for you never existed, nor do exist, nor
ever will exist. You have not entered into Him, nor He into
you. Without being, your essence is with Him and in Him.
Without having any identity, you are Him and He is you. If you
know yourself as nothing, then you truly know your Lord.
Otherwise, you truly know Him not.
You cannot know your Lord by making yourself nothing.
Many a wise man claims that in order to know one's Lord one
must denude oneself of the signs of one's existence, efface
one's identity, finally rid oneself of one's self. This is a mistake.
How could a thing that does not exist try to get rid of its
If you think that to know Allah depends on you ridding
yourself of yourself, then you are guilty of attributing partners
to Him, the only unforgivable sin; because you are claiming
that there is another existence besides Him, the all-existent;
that there is a you and a He.
You presume others to be other than Allah. There is nothing
other than He, but you do not know this. While you are
looking at Him you do not recognize Him. When the secret
opens to you, you will know that you are none other than He.
Then you will also know that you are the one whom He
wished, and that you are forever and will not disappear with
time, for there is no passing of time. Your attributes are His.
Without doubt, your appearance is His appearance.
Therefore, do not think anymore that you need to become
nothing, that you need to annihilate yourself in Him. If you
thought so, then you would be His veil, while a veil over Allah
is other than He. How could you be a veil that hides Him?
What hides Him is His being the One Alone.
The condition for self-knowledge is to know that if you had a
being of your own, independent of other being, then you would
neither have need to annihilate yourself in Allah nor to know
yourself. You would have been, as yourself, a God, self-
existent; while it is Allah Most High that is free from the
existence of any other God but Himself.
And when you come to know yourself, you will be sure that
you neither exist nor do not exist, whether now, or before, or
in the future. This is the meaning of _la ilaha illa Llah_, There
is no God but Allah, there is no being but His, nor any other
except Him, and He is the only One.
Know that this existence is neither you nor other than you.
You do not exist; yet you are also not a nonexistence. Your
existence is not someone else; nor does your nonexistence
make you someone else. Without being and without not-being,
your existence and your nonexistence is Allah's being.
The void is a mirror; creation is the image in it. Man is as the
eye of the image reflected in the mirror; the One who is
reflected in the image is hidden in the pupil of that eye. Thus
He sees Himself.
Is one to consider a decaying corpse or excrement as God?
Allah most high is beyond and free from such associations. We
address those who do not see a corpse as a corpse or
excrement as excrement.
Then when you see what is around you as not other-than-you,
and all and everything as the existence of the One; when you
do not see anything else with Him or in Him; but see Him in
everything as yourself and at the same time as the nonexistence
of yourself; then what you see is the Truth.
That is why the utterance became permissible for Mansur Al-
Hallaj when the words, "I am the Truth!" came from his lips;
and for Abu Yazid Al-Bistami when he cried, "Praise be to Me,
the essence, absolved of all defect!" These are not people who
have annihilated themselves in Allah; nor have they come to be
in Allah. They are eternal. They never ceased to be, for they
never were, since there is only Allah's self, Allah's essence.
So if someone says, "I am the Truth!," do not hear it from any
other than from the Truth Himself; for it is not a man who says
it, it is the word of Allah. That man who utters these words is
nothing but an image reflected in an empty mirror, one of the
infinite attributes of Allah. The reflection is the same as that
which is being reflected, and the words of the image are the
reflected words of the Real One.
Also, see these links:
Anqa Publishing
Anqa Publishing is dedicated to bringing out the works of the great Andalusian mystic, Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi (11651240), and his line. These writings contain some of the most beautiful and comprehensive depictions of the vision of One Reality in all its facets.
Our aim is to produce:
High-quality translations of these classic texts, most of which have never appeared before in Western languages.
New and authoritative editions of the Arabic texts, using the best manuscripts available.
Contemporary writings and studies of Ibn 'Arabi's teaching


text:
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At ET Global Business Summit 2015, Bharti Enterprises' Sunil Mittal said that India is growing at a rapid pace and it has become a must-be-in country.
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text:
web development : Codeigniter or Node.js . -- 2
Budget $2-5 USD / hour
i am looking for long term developer who have hands on PHP and Node.js
and having Good Logic and some basic Math skills
1st project : we need to deal with codeigniter framework , dealing with existing features
like Google map and implement some payment system
2nd project:betting site we need to deal with existing site using PHP and Node.js and socket
and adding some features , some skills on math is required
3rd project : video chat application and system reservation
4rth project: making android and ios mobile application dealing with GPS sensor
16 freelancers are bidding on average $5/hour for this job
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text:
The Brand You offices will be closed on the following dates:
- New Year's: Friday, December 30, 2016 and Monday, January 2, 2017
- Independence Day: 15th August 2017
- Labor Day: Monday, September 4, 2017
- Diwali: October 19, 2017
- Christmas: Monday, December 25, 2017
- New Year's Day: Monday, January 1, 2018
All support emails on these dates will be responded to the next business day. Emergency 24×7 emails are available 24/7/365 and will receive an initial response within one hour.
The dates listed above are subject to change without notice. Brand You recommends checking this page for updates prior to sending an email.


text:
Consecrated offering
for all of us work comes in many forms, at home, school, at our jobs, or in our neighborhoods it has always been a fact of life that men and women will live by the sweat of their brows. So what about eternal life? I have seen that the understanding of some Christina denominations is that people can do nothing to earn salvation, which for the most part is true. I would never say that I made it to Heaven on my own, that would be impossible, and it is an ever present fact that the Atonement of Jesus Christ is the sacrifice which he made in order that we would have a chance to live again, without the atonement we would die and we would never come back.
There are several verses in the scriptures which attest to the fact that Jesus is the savior and redeemer of mankind, and the only path to salvation, and I don't think there are too many devout Christians out there which would argue with that. But there is one very important thing which for one reason or another seems to get swept under the rug, and that is work.
In the days of Moses the Levite prriests were commanded to offer a burnt sacrifice to the Lord;
Leviticus; 7-35This is the portion of the anointing of Aaron, and of the anointing of his sons, out of the offerings of the LORD made by fire, in the day when he presented them to minister unto the LORD in the priest's office; 36Which the LORD commanded to be given them of the children of Israel, in the day that he anointed them, by a statute for ever throughout their generations.
37This is the law of the burnt offering, of the meat offering, and of the sin offering, and of the trespass offering, and of the consecrations, and of the sacrifice of the peace offerings; 38Which the LORD commanded Moses in mount Sinai, in the day that he commanded the children of Israel to offer their oblations unto the LORD, in the wilderness of Sinai.
Now because of the sacrifice of Jesus Christ atonement is no longer required through animal sacrifice, but it is clear that we are still under an obligation to consecrate our time and energy to the building up of God's kingdom on Earth.
How is it that so many people can argue that they have faith in Jesus Christ and yet they sit by idolly doing nothing but arguing and bickering over the correct interpretation of a few passages of scripture when there is so much work to do?
Parable of the ten talents
It is apparent that everything which Jesus taught was a command for those who believe in him to do something to show their faith and obedience to him. In this eloquent parable taught by the savior a man goes away and leaves his house to three of his servants. before leaving he delves out talents to the servants expecting them to add to the total. The thing which seemed a little harsh to me was the way he dealt with last guy who was given only one talent. the servant only had one thing which the lord gave him and was expecting for the man to increase what he had, but he didn't. And the story ends with the lesson that the Lord expects a difference with the talents he gives you. Does this in any way detract from the sacrifice which he made? Not by a long shot. in fact it is your end of the deal to be faithful and productive, and to go and do the things which the lord has commanded you to do.
the ultimate good deed
We see people in our day to day lives doing good deeds and that is a very admirable thing, but there is a distinct difference between doing good deeds and giving a consecrated offering to the Lord. When the people of God are gathered together and the Bishop asks them to go out and perform a task, and it is usually some sort of charitable one, or perhaps when the question arises to receive a calling in the church, it is something which is inspired of God and to fufill that task is to give yourself as a concecrated offering to the lord. When these things are given to us, it is part of the test of obediance which the Lord continues to bestow upon us, and when these things are carried out to the best of our abilities our lives will be blessed by God.
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text:
Posting ID : A1068522601
Date Posted : 2015-08-19
Category : Healthcare
Genesis HealthCare owns 500 skilled nursing facilities in the US with 9 right here in the Albuquerque area. We are currently seeking a seasoned MDS Nurse at Skies Healthcare, a lovely 120-bed SNF currently rated FIVE STARS by Medicare! Must be a Nurse; RN preferred, LPNs considered. Must have previous experience as MDS coordinator, including assessments, RUGS, etc. MDS 3.0 certification preferred but not required.
POSITION SUMMARY: The Nurse-RN MDS Coordinator participates in the Resident Assessment Process through completion of the pertinent items on the Minimum Data Set (MDS) and the accompanying Care Area Assessments (CAAs). Participates in developing individualized resident Care Plans, identifying the needs of the resident and projected outcomes as required by Federal and State regulations.
1. Contributes to the center interdisciplinary RAI process while following RAI guidelines for completion, computer encoding and electronic transmission of the MDS.
2. Coordinates the completion of the resident assessment instrument: MDS, CATs and CAAs, in accordance with current rules, regulations and guidelines that govern the resident assessment.
3. Assists with developing resident(s) plan of care in conjunction with other IDT members.
4. Identifies changes in condition in conjunction with IDT and coordinates scheduling and completion of indicated assessments.
5. Participates in Center IDT meetings as directed by Administrator in line with Genesis meeting guidelines.
6. Assists with providing ADL training to new hires and with ongoing continuing education in conjunction with other pertinent nursing and facility management.
7. Attends/participates in educational programs to maintain knowledge with current RAI/PPS regulations.
8. Attends facility in-services and department/facility meetings as applicable.
9. Maintains safe and clean work area and adheres to location/company safety standards for the healthcare professional.
10. Maintain resident confidentiality and privacy; treat residents with kindness, dignity and respect; know and comply with and ensure that all nursing services personnel know and comply with Resident's Rights rules;
11. Complies with all Infection Control, Standard Precautions and OSHA standards for the healthcare professional as applicable to the position and in the business location or workplace.
12. Complies with applicable legal requirements, standards, policies and procedures including but not limited those within the Compliance Process, Code of Conduct, Federal False Claims Act and HIPAA.
13. Participates in orientation and training programs, as required.
14. Reports concerns and suspected incidences of non-compliance using the 4-Step Reporting Process.
15. Cooperates with monitoring and audit functions and investigations.
16. Participates, as requested, in process improvement responsibilities.
17. Adheres to location protocols and department/company policy and procedures.
18. Adheres to established HIPAA confidentiality standards of patient/resident and client location information.
19. Maintains on-site regular attendance as scheduled.
20. Performs all other tasks or duties as assigned.
1. Must be a Registered Nurse in good standing and currently licensed by the State;
2. Must show ability to read and write in a legible and understandable manner;
3. Must speak and understand English;
4. Previous experience in a hospital, long-term facility, or other healthcare related facility;
5. Must be knowledgeable of general, rehabilitative and restorative nursing and medical practices and procedures and laws, regulations and guidelines governing long-term care;
6. Positive attitude toward the elderly.
7. Computer skills- Windows applications; computer experience; AccuMed experience preferred.
8. Previous experience as an MDS Coordinator is preferred.
9. Previous experience in completing MDS's and Care Plans is required.
Interested candidates may apply online at www.genesiscareers.jobs or email a resume directly to Rachel Rowley, Nursing Recruiter, via this email relay, or you may fax a resume to (PLEASE be certain to indicate which position and which Genesis HealthCare facility you're interested in).
EEO/AA, M/F, Vet, Disabled


text:
Jason Hope is known for being one of the people who believe in the possibility of technology being used to solve all the challenges that human beings face. He has been a great supporter of technological innovations. He has spent his life studying technological trends and determining which will likely have a big impact in the future. For those who know him, he has been a great advocate of the Internet of Things. He is among the people who have been insisting on the use of technology to make differences in the lives of the people. He has even written an eBook on the Internet of Things. Even at a time when some people still doubted whether the Internet of Things would be a reality, Jason Hope was optimistic and very solid on his argument. He has now been vindicated after it turned out that the things he has been talking about were the truth. Jason Hope's Hard Line Stance On the Internet of Things.
Jason Hope says that the IoT will have a huge impact going forward. Many Industries will be adopting IoT, and it will no longer be business as usual. One of the industries that have already embrace the advantages that have been brought by IoT is the airline. As Jason Hope describes, it is one of the things that have a huge impact on the airline industry, any company that will not conform to the demands of technology will soon be out of business. On seeing the reality of the matter, many companies have already started channeling billions into IoT research on how it can be used to improve the lives of the people.
The Boeing 787s is an example of an aircraft which comes fully build applying the IoT, Every part of the plane is connected to the internet, such that in case there is a defect, an alert sent immediately. The incorporation of this technology will make the industry safer than it has ever been.
Jason Hope is also supporting another research work. He is supporting a non-profit organization known as SENS Research Foundation. This is an organization that wants to create an anti-aging drug. With this drug, old age diseases will no longer be a problem. The anti-aging drug is meant to keep the human body youthful for a long time by rebuilding damaged body cells.
Jason Hope's Social Media: twitter.com/jasonhope


text:
Anze Kopitar's postgame thoughts…
(on getting Mitchell and Ponikarovksy back, and winning…)
KOPITAR: "Greenie talked about it before the game, to take a look around the room. This is as healthy as we've been all year, and we've added Sturmy to the lineup as well. Those are the guys. I'm pretty sure there's not going to be any major changes, and we have to feel comfortable with everybody that is here, and we have to trust everybody, that we're going to do the job. It was definitely not the way we wanted to finish that game, but two points are two points."
(on his pass to Brown for the first goal…)
KOPITAR: "It was just one of those plays. I was cutting across and I saw the D coming toward me. I saw Brownie open, so I think that was pretty much the only way to get it to him there. So I tried it and it connected, so it was a good start."
(on finishing the first half of the season…)
KOPITAR: "This game was a good indicator, I think, of our half-season so far. We all know that can't happen again. Hopefully this second half will be good. We finished the first half on a good note, with two points. Now we want to keep it going and build off that."


text:
It's a 'YES': Marriage vote passes in Carlow-Kilkenny
Gay rights campaigner, Tom Reade from Kilkenny jumped for joy when the result of the Same Sex Marriage referendum result was announced at Cillin Hill, Kilkenny just after 5pm by returning officer Maria Garahy,
The referendum was passed with ease in both counties with 56.2% in favour and 43.7% against. In the run up to the referendum, the Church of ireland Bishop of Ossory, Michael Burrows called for a Yes vote and the Catholic Bishop of Ossory, Seamus Freeman had called for a No vote.
Electorate 104,735
Poll 68,531
Invalid votes 668
Total valid poll 67,863
Yes vote 38,166
No vote 29,697.


text:
Monday, March 19, 2012
my favourite things / sunrays drips daffodils
I even look their way
I smell them
It begins
in a mellow fashion
waiting to be invited in
for chai tea and a chat perhaps
by the time my lungs are filled
I am drunken
as a hive of bees
on a
it is only then
that my eyes catch
their sunshiny brightness
as they sit joyously
on my window sill
golden sunrays
of the afternoon
pulling their daffodil heads around
to witness its setting through
the sparkling forest
alive with glistening
drips of melting snow
crowns of glory
before their
Even if these don't praise me
Jesus had said of the crowds
as they lay palm branches down
before Him
this King of glory
riding on a donkey
even as
He entered Jerusalem
This Only Begotten of the Father
This Balm of Gilead
This Rose of Sharon
This Lily of the Valley
This Royal Lion of the Tribe of Judah
choosing instead to become
The Lamb of God
doing the will of His Father
Even then...
He said
If these people do not praise Me
these rocks and hills
would rise up
to give Me glory
how. could. we. ever. miss.
who He really is
If all around us
the created gives Him honour
how have we not always known Him
or always believed Him
for even one moment
how could we have ever doubted Him
all He has done goes before Him
the testimony of those who really saw Him
A thief who recognized Him at the last Hour
and said
remember me when you come into Your Kingdom
the Centurian who watched Jesus die
and said
This was the Son of God
raised from the dead
Jairus' daughter healed
water made into wine
five thousand fed
and. always. the. overflowing.
Snow drips off my tin roof
the overflowing of melted snow
music on each dormer
each drip sparkles
as they pass me by
but I see them
my golden daffodils
see them
as they fall down
to waken this sleeping earth
all this created
shining for Him
and I notice all this
and realize how blessed I am...
to see His glory
to smell His glory
to hear His glory
I long to see Him face to face
and touch His glory
I want to put my hand in His
and tell Him... the scars were not in vain
I want to touch His pierced side
and tell Him how grateful I am
that it was He who bore all this pain
and sorrow because I could not have endured
I want to tell Him I am sorry
it had to be this way
This Bread of Life
broken for me
This cup
poured out for me
and so I eat
and I do drink
a Love so strong
that It gave up Its Glory in Heaven
to be a Ransome
for the broken
and lost
the imprisoned
the vile
and corrupt
His treasure
in need of Him
to become
In heaven the roads are paved in gold
I know it is His brightenss
leading the sinner home
It is His brightness
coming for his bride
so much here
reminds me of His coming
I want to be ready
I. want. to. see. Him.
my favourite things
4 comments:
I love "seeing" through your eyes and "listening" to your grateful heart! Your beautiful words bring glory to Him!ReplyDeleteReplies
Glenda, you are a dear!Delete
Dear Susan,ReplyDelete
Aren't the daffodils just the cutest, sitting there with their heads tilted as if listening for or to something? They almost look like they are eager to get outside, hoping it won't be long. Your poetry takes me to your snow melting, sun shining, glory shouting farm. I can smell the chai.
I am eager for a real cup of tea with you Dawn... Hoping you are well my friend.Delete
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text:
From Artistic to Entrepreneur
Posted in: Non-Fiction
Interested to turn your creativity into a successful online business? From Artistic to Entrepreneur (FATE) by Mandy Lee guides you from scratch how to sell your wares on the Etsy platform. It is based on the author's own experience of creating and growing her own internet self-employment.
A successful artist and entrepreneur, Mandy Lee has been an Etsy seller since 2009. In this book, she takes you through every step to not only open your shop, but also provides worksheets, helpful links and shares stories and personal insights. She also guides you through the typical pitfalls and mental frustrations that come with the job of self-employment.
The Oslo Times International News Network


text:
Last Sunday me and a few girls went to the Bogrov shelter to help the people there for the dogs. We helped in washing a few dogs, walking them, so they could be photographed and be adopted later. There were hundreds of dogs, so we could walk only a few of them, but I am happy we could do at least that. It was a lot of fun, as you can see here – look at the 25th number – that's me 😉
So, of course I took some pictures of the cuties and i want to share them with you 🙂


text:
Dedicated Media is a quality provider of online media services since 2004 with offices in Los Angeles, San Francisco and New York. Dedicated operates a number of successful divisions: Dedicated Networks a powerful targeted online advertisi...
Ve Interactive is a data-driven solutions provider for shopping cart merchants.
Ve Interactive is leading in Top 10K Sites, Top 100K Sites, Top 1M Sites and The Entire Web.
In terms of market share, Dedicated Media is clearly lagging behind, losing to Ve Interactive in all segments.
Ve Interactive has better usage coverage in more websites categories. Including Shopping, Business & Industry, Travel, Clothing and 179 other categories.
Dedicated Media hasn't got a lead over Ve Interactive in any websites category.
Ve Interactive is leading in most countries, including United Kingdom, Germany, United States, France and 114 other countries.
Dedicated Media hasn't got a lead over Ve Interactive in any country.


text:
How long have you been dating and/or married?
She Said: We've been together seven years this January, and married a year and 3 months-ish.
He Said: 6.5 years together: 1.5 years married
What did you think of each other when you first met? Was it love at first sight?
She Said:
I met Jon at church, and when I first met him he and his dad were holding the doors open for everyone -- I thought he was kind and sweet but I didn't fall in love with him until later...
He Said: I thought she was the most amazing girl I had ever laid eyes on. And yes… it was love at first sight
What have you learned from your relationship?
She Said:
Honestly, way too much to say. We started dating when we were 16, so we've grown up together and learned so much through that. But I would say the most significant thing is that we learned what the meaning of commitment was and how to truly love/commit to someone.
He Said: How to truly love someone. How to be a better person. How to be productive. I've learned that I need encouragement and that Savannah is the most amazing cheerleader in the world. I've learned that we compliment each other so perfectly and that there is nothing we can't do as long as we stick together.
Who makes the decisions in your relationship?
She Said:
We are both very equal, we like to discuss all major decisions and come to an agreement, but I do my best to respect his final say if he feels strongly about something. There are however aspects of our relationship where we "specialize" in and take leadership (budget, home cleaning etc..).
He Said: We both make decisions depending on what it is and we both make sure to consult the other. However, when it comes down to it, I make the final call.
When did you know you had found "the one"?
She Said:
Honestly we just clicked...our character, values and desires for life matched up and we wanted to take that journey together.
He Said: I just knew.
What is the best advice you have to offer a new couple?
She Said:
a) Don't get into a relationship unless you picture a possibility of marrying that person. (b) Be students of each other...learn about each other and the simple things they love, their quirks, what blesses them...etc. (c) Communicate!
He Said: Make sure you dedicate time to each other and you communicate. If you don't, conflict is sure to arise. Also, learn to see things from your partner's point of view; being able to understand how the other one thinks is helpful in making sure your significant other feels happy, respected, and loved.
What was your first date?
She Said:
We didn't go on a "first date" for a long time...but on his birthday in high school I surprised him and we went out to Red Lobster, just him and I. :)
He Said: Red Lobster for my b-day lunch! It was a freaking amazing surprise.
What are five words that describe you?
She Said:
Creative, Determined, Thoughtful, Futuristic Minded, Full of Ideation
He Said:
Considerate, Programmer, Loyal, Fun-loving, Goofy
What are five words that describe your significant other?
She Said: Considerate, Programmer, Loyal, Fun-loving, Goofy
He Said: Sunshine-cheerful, Wise, Loving, Creative, Unique


text:
So just because you didn't get the tickets to see the Symphonic Rock Show at the fabulous Smith Center that doesn't mean to stay in. Tonight in downtown Las Vegas there will be a block party that takes place outside the famous Mob Bar. Movies and music can't get better then that, Right? The 1974 hit, Blazing Saddles will kick off the event at 8pm and be displayed outdoors. Then at 11pm local electronic hip hop phenomenon Totescity will get you moving and fire up the party. Come enjoy and celebrate the end of summer with our downtown friends.
The Mob bar is located on 3rd St Between Stewart and Ogden. Take some pics and submit them to Beyond the Strip so they can be shared.
Hope to see you there!


text:
BUCHAREST (Reuters) - Romanian President Klaus Iohannis said on Thursday he will appoint a prime minister designate after Dec. 25 as he needed time to assess the proposal made by the Social Democrat Party (PSD), the winners of a Dec. 11 parliamentary election.
The PSD has formed a ruling coalition with their junior ally ALDE, backed in parliament by the ethnic Hungarian party UDMR. It proposed 52-year-old former development minister Sevil Shhaideh for prime minister during consultations with the president on Wednesday.
"A majority coalition has been set up in parliament," Iohannis told reporters. "As a result, in the following days I will have discussions on these topics, and an appointment will occur after Christmas."
(Reporting by Luiza Ilie and Radu Marinas; Editing by Alison Williams)


text:
the ban is lifted
The radio silence is over
please prepare for exciting updates on the lives of us
Edmundl bursting with joy
The radio silence is over
please prepare for exciting updates on the lives of us
Edmundl bursting with joy
Nobody likes Edmundl's joke that she nicked from big brother….if I had 2 fish I'd call them one and two, that way if one died I'd still have two
(works better when you tell it the right way round of course - some confusion when Edmundl told it wrong. There then was a heated debate about whether you'd end up with one fish or no fish should one fish die)
Debates over what the nickname for our old friend BobbyN was…..suggestions it was "fluffy" from Chappers and Dodge were met with a barrage of swearing from Mr fluffy himself
Edmundl has a new idea to bring people closer together and show off their true potential….Edmundl shall be setting up the 6th floor amateur dramatics after work club! This year's plays will include Romeo and Juliet (prizes for who Romeo will be and complimentary private heathcare for the winner of the Juliet role should there be some tiffs in the decision), Charlie and the Choclate factory (but who would play Augustus Gloup???) and North West side story. For further suggestions please leave a comment.
It's all about the dogging for today's blogging ….the best doggingspot has been identified ….Tallsy's quiet surburban street is 'the place to go'
Lets kick the tires off this one - Tallsy learning the business jargon in readiness for his departure
Dave Rni is going in for dental surgery next week. Rumours are that he's getting a bling gold nugget installed
Spent some time in the stairwell today, hot and noisy and far too much fun
Save Tallsy campaign a success - powerpoint man will fly again
Sheds is famous - so much so that there's a regular tv-programme in his honour!!!!! Check it out 7:55pm every night this week
Drinks to celebrate the canning of the project last night - loose tongues and dodgy dancing preceded the next day's embarressment and hangovers. Spanish princess reported to have spent some quality time with those fine fellows huey and luey
Nothing wrong with farmers wives, they're all filthy they are….Dave Rni airing his views on the kind of women the Spanish princess and Edmundl should be using as a role model
Tallsy unable to make it into the office due to ineffective trains, a sunny day and the locality of the barbeque
New campaign begun….a bit like save the whales in that we're going to blubber should it not work out but rather ...save Tallsy. The banners and 'Save Tallsy' t-shirts have been ordered and the leafleting of all the desks on 6th will commence early next week…Expect to see him touring round on an open top london bus with a megaphone.
Visit from Peppe le peuw - rumour has it he can only see the front and the hair dresser didn't use a mirror to show him the back, he used a photograph.
Marvin picks up the pink shirt gauntlet and might I say he wears it well
Rumours circulating that Fitboy is receiving loveletters in internal mail….no-one has claimed responsibility yet though Stilleto's is looking sheepish
If you were a shoemaker wouldn't you look into the business potential of making flip flops for caterpillars? Flip, flop, flap, flup…
Tallsy needs to be in Amsterdam tomorrow so booking his flight on the phone. 'Can I fly to Schnapple airport?' Isn't that a fruit drink? Surely he means Schipol? …Ok it wasn't Tallsy this time
Spanish princess insists she wasn't drunk at the Irish wedding
Edmundl concerned that she 'll be tallsy's age when the olympics comes round- edmundl just can't imagine being that old!
Following the success of the corporate fun run there are now discussions of how we shall take part in the olympics - Obviously Tallsy shall be entering with his parkour skills, Biggles showing off his loopdeloops and Arms on the shimmyshakes. There should be some points earned for stilts skills from Stilleto too.
Are those spaghetti straps? Adherance to the dress code policy in question
Speak up shedders…..sorry, what, can't hear you
Stationary order requested - Lord H is looking for some lead for his pencil
Doesn't Beenandgone look fab in a dress!
Ladders appears to have misread the 'smart casual' e-mail and has taken to wearing 'going to a 70s disco night casual'. Surely someone should have a word.
Lord H has remained be-suited.
Smallsy still denying that he is Kemal in Big Brother.
Tallsy tallsy quite contrary how does your garden grow?....Miracle grow really does make a difference to the shrubs - though Edmundl concerned about the ingredients …..Confirmation that it contains Fish!!!! And more upsettingly, Fish food is made from fish too! Edmundl feeding her goldfish with their anscestors! Appauled. So what is dog food made of?
Dodge introduced to Blog - returned to fight for the footy side…against…um, where have they all gone?
Smally considering signing up for the french foreign legion after last night's documentary
Excitement builds as the charity fun run looms - Sheds and his women all keen to demonstrate the passion of their performance on the track
Mr Julie gives up his cherry for the team
Madge gives up on the natural deoderant crystals and considers the alternatives - no word on how Sheds is getting on with his experiment
Dress down rules causing some dismay - discussions over the suitability of fleeces rage on both sides of the workplace


text:
A chilly breeze enveloped Thelma Todd's scantily clad body.
The glittering lights of Hollywood danced around the building, but the gorgeous starlet was too drunk and too cold to care. After a night of partying at the hottest nightclub in town (and had she gone to a few other places? She couldn't remember. The whole night was a blur), she was now at her boyfriend's apartment. She didn't even know how she got there.
She banged on the door again.
"Let me the fuck in, Roland!"
No answer.
She burst into tears and finally turned around and stumbled down a never-ending staircase. She tripped on the last step and fell down, scraping her bare knee. The world seemed to be spinning. God, she felt like puking. All over Roland's doorstep. Maybe his crazy wife would step in it.
The thought made Thelma smile.
As she walked over to the garage, the star-lit sky faded into pitch black.
The next morning her dead body was discovered inside her running Lincoln convertible, sitting in the garage. Her favorite slinky cocktail dress was clinging to her body. An expensive fur coat wrapped her body protectively.
But people in Thelma's life knew better. And when the details of the peroxide blonde's scandalous adventures were revealed, the public became obsessed.
This was not a girl who died of carelessness.
This was a girl who died of murder.
And there were many people who wanted her dead.
But behind the camera, the vivacious actress was a hot mess.
Thelma was dangerously attracted to older, rich men who physically abused her, just like her own father had years before. And she was obsessed with sex, constantly spreading her legs for every guy who offered a simple compliment. She couldn't help it. She craved feeling gorgeous. She needed to feel desired. Without sex, she felt worthless and that was a feeling which terrified her.
She was also addicted to diet pills, stemming from her studio contract, which stated that if she ever gained more than five pounds, her career would be immediately terminated.
Her partying lifestyle introduced her to a rough crowd. Her first husband was a gangster who beat the shit out of her. When Thelma finally left him, she secretly worried that one day he would take revenge. It was a fear always nagging in the back of her mind.
In 1931, Thelma fell in love with her married director, Roland West. His wife, Jewel, didn't bother her. She was annoying and her looks were fading and she clearly couldn't please him in bed. Obviously, no competition.
Plus, she wasn't planning on being entirely faithful either. Thelma couldn't help being attracted to other men and was too weak to fight off her sexual temptations.
In fact, it was her unfaithfulness which was the reason Roland never opened his door for her that crisp December night. He was inside, bitterly ignoring her drunken pleas, too proud to take her back.
When Thelma and Roland opened up their restaurant, Thelma Todd's Sidewalk Cafe, a year before, it had become an overnight success, attracting the Hollywood in-crowd and tourists. Thelma couldn't have been more proud. Here she was, proving to the world that she was more than just a pretty face and nice piece of ass. She was a businesswoman. A real powerhouse!
But one day Lucky just appeared in her life. They'd slept together a few times, after downing bottles of Dom Perignon. He'd rough her up a bit, but nothing she couldn't handle. Then, one afternoon Lucky told her he wanted to take over her nightclub for the mafia. Outraged, she told him to fuck off. The look in his eyes told her she might have taken things too far.
And amidst this mess, this circus of a life she'd created for herself out in paradise, Thelma wound up dead.
The fake friends she'd collected at her side wept for the cameras and told reporters it was a "shock."
Almost exactly two years later, Thelma's ex-husband murdered an actor at the very same nightclub where she had last been seen.
Her lover, Roland, became a recluse and never made another film. He later confessed to murdering her on his deathbed in 1952, but since he was mentally unstable from a stroke, the police dismissed it.
Her money-hungry mother, Roland's bitter wife, and a string of lovers also appeared as possible suspects. But nothing could be proved. And the police, eager to wrap up the media frenzy, stopped analyzing the situation by labeling it an accident.
To this day, nobody knows what really happened to Thelma that night in 1935.
Nobody knows who did it.
But that person got away with it. And they took the details to their grave.
Leaving Hollywood with the mystery.