text:
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- Open Access
Smartness that matters: towards a comprehensive and human-centred characterisation of smart cities
- Alexander Prado Lara1,
- Eduardo Moreira Da Costa1,
- Thiago Zilinscki Furlani1 and
- Tan Yigitcanlar2Email authorView ORCID ID profile
© The Author(s). 2016
- Received: 6 April 2016
- Accepted: 27 May 2016
- Published: 23 June 2016
The Erratum to this article has been published in Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 2016 2:9
The term 'smart cities' is a widely used, but at the same time a highly fuzzy concept. The fuzziness hinders our understanding on the benefits of its adoption, and explains the existence of many relevant activities with fragmented or distorted views of what a truly smart city is. The aim of this paper is to undertake a comprehensive review of how smart cities are perceived in the literature and in the light of the findings propose a clearer definition. Overview of the key terms, concepts and definitions associated to smart cities, reported in this paper, demonstrates that the definitions found in the academic literature have limited scope, and are overly focused on strategic drivers and specific actions, instead of making explicitly the connection between the concept of smart cities and the creation of environments that promote happiness and wellbeing of their residents—which should be the main function of a city. Following the thorough review on the smart cities literature, the paper proposes a comprehensive, human-centred, and context-free definition for smart cities. This definition brings an endogenous view on smart cities in which the central element is the direct participation of local actors and stakeholders in the process of thinking, defining, planning, and executing social, technological and urban transformations in cities.
- Smart cities
- Smart communities
- Smart urban technologies
- Innovation
- Human-centred cities
- Urban planning and development
Over the past decade smart urban technologies have begun to blanket our cities, forming the backbone of a large intelligent infrastructure. Along with this development, dissemination of the sustainability ideology has had a significant imprint on the planning and development of our cities (Yigitcanlar 2016). Consequently, the concept of smart cities, evolved from intelligent cities (see Komninos 2008), has become a popular topic particularly for scholars, urban planners, urban administrations, urban development and real-estate companies, and corporate technology firms. There are numerous perspectives on what a smart city is. These are ranging from purely ecological (Lim and Liu 2010) to technological (Townsend 2013), and from economic (Kourtit et al. 2012) to organisational (Hollands 2015) and societal (Deakin and Al Waer 2011; 2012) views. Moreover, as for Kitchin (2015), smart city symbolises a new kind of technology-led urban utopia. Utopia or not, in all these perspectives the vision of technology and innovation is a common ground to shape our cities into a form that we want to leave to our descendants. In this paper, the smart cities concept is viewed as a vision, manifesto or provocation—encompassing all techno-economic, techno-societal, techno-spatial, and techno-organisational domains—aiming to constitute the ideal 21st century city form. Presently, there is no fully-fledge smart cities exist. Stated by Glasmeier and Christopherson (2015, p. 4), "[t]he global smart city market will be valued at $1.6 trillion in 2020. Over 26 global cities are expected to be smart cities in 2025, with more than 50 % of these smart cities from Europe and North America". At the moment with the building of these cities underway in a number of places around the world, smart city examples abound in both the popular media and in academic discussions. This provides us the ability to systematically re-evaluate the definition of smart cities.
Various smart cities approaches
Both academia and practitioners have introduced a myriad of terms and definitions related to building the cities of the future and the future of the cities by using the state-of-the-art information and communication technologies (ICTs): smart, intelligent, ubiquitous, digital, knowledge, sustainable, green, creative, innovative, and so on (Abdoullaev 2011; Nam and Pardo 2011; Wolfram 2012; Lara et al. 2013; Yigitcanlar 2015). Despite being possible to identify the particularities of the concepts and initiatives linked to either term, all of them are introduced as answers to the same set of issues related to urban agglomerations. Among those urban mobility, security, biosphere degradation, energy and food shortages, combating poverty, as well as creating new options for urban planning, innovation incentives, economic and social development stand out as the most popular ones (Carrillo 2006; Yigitcanlar 2011; Neirotti et al. 2014). This basically is the main reason why they can be seen as construction layers (Abdoullaev 2011) or application domains (Neirotti et al. 2014) of what some scholars (Nam and Pardo 2011; Wolfram 2012; Neirotti et al. 2014) generically refer to as smart cities. Although the concept of smart cities and many scholars share target problems, there is not a common and context-free smart cities view that clearly explains to city policymakers what a smart city is. Neirotti et al. (2014) highlights this very problem as one of the main obstacles to the diffusion process of smart cities initiatives. The fuzziness of the concept is a major obstacle in convincing urban policymakers and administrators to invest further in smart city initiatives to transform their cities (Hollands 2008; Abdoullaev 2011; Wolfram 2012).
Does innovation make a city smart?
Innovation is an integral part of the concept of smart cities. A large number of studies investigated the role of innovation in establishing a competitive edge in companies, communities and cities (Fernández-Jardón et al. 2014; Gadille and Siarheyeva 2014; Lepik and Krigul 2014; Romano et al. 2014; Yigitcanlar 2014; Mellor 2015; Park and Lee 2015; Yun 2015; Kim et al. 2016; Yun et al. 2016). Furthermore, the important role of open innovation for smart city formation is discussed in the literature. For example, according to Yun et al. (2015), strengthening open innovation, through companies setting it as a corporate strategy, will help in the development of knowledge-based urbanisation, and provide continued economic and innovative opportunities for smart cities. Innovation and technology solutions generated locally used for meeting the needs of the city and its communities will surely make a smart city independent and economically sustainable (Yigitcanlar et al. 2016). However, innovation alone is not the sole ingredient of success in establishing smart cities (Gaffney and Robertson 2016; Yigitcanlar 2016).
Is smart better and if so for whom?
The concept of smart cities brings large number of critical questions in mind. For instance, will a city that is guided solely by the concepts and definitions and also evaluates its actions by some set of indicators (see Giffinger et al. 2007 and Sarimin and Yigitcanlar 2012) seen in the smart cities literature automatically become a better place to live, work, study and have fun? Although improving mobility of people in the city, for instance, or any other of domains proposed by Giffinger et al. (2007) would meet the basic needs of residents, would it be enough to address all the subjective conditions (Ryan and Deci 2001; Diener 2009; Ballas 2013) that lead to the wellbeing of residents which is ultimately what really matters? Moreover, whatever the answers to these questions, would they be valid in any culture or locality? Völker et al. (2007), Mohnen et al. (2011) and Ballas (2013) in their studies highlight the difficulty in measuring or predicting people's satisfaction with the place they live, and the need to incorporate an anthropocentric view to the planning of actions related to the promotion of wellbeing and quality of life in the urban context. In this sense, Professor Richard Sennett's paper in The Guardian (2012) is symptomatic when it states that if some of the projects that are underway in the cities are synonym for intelligence, and then maybe it is preferable that cities maintain a degree of stupidity (also see World Press 2014).
People at the centre of debate
One can imagine that at least part of the resistance and criticism towards the term and the smart cities approach itself could be minimised if the concept did not leave any doubt that the construction or transformation of any urban agglomeration into a smarter city has to start from the premise of being integrated to the wishes, interests and needs—both current and potential—(Rizzo et al. 2013) of its residents and also of producing positive practical impact on their daily lives. From this premise, we single out from all the available definitions of smart cities what are their central elements, before proposing a wider definition, which can meet the goal of guiding academicians and practitioners—both in the conceptualisation of smart cities and in building the future cities that residents will be proud of.
Approaches and definitions of smart cities
Smart cities foundations
- (i)
Infrastructure and ICTs: Adoption of strategies for economic and social development founded on the provision of modern infrastructure, especially in the pervasive use of ICTs (Steventon and Wright 2006; Lee 2009; Piro et al. 2014);
- (ii)
Creative economy and knowledge-based society: Improving competitiveness and alignment to the so-called knowledge economy (Komninos 2006, 2009) with focus on creating favourable environments to entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation (Florida 2005; Lu et al. 2011; Yigitcanlar 2014; Yigitcanlar et al. 2015);
- (iii)
Sustainability: Promoting green economy and high social awareness in an environmentally sustainable lifestyle including a quality of life and place (Munier 2007; Yigitcanlar and Lee 2014), and;
- (iv)
Human infrastructure: Investment in social and human capital; engaging citizens in governance processes and the building of partnerships between public and private sectors to facilitate activities and projects (Streitz 2011; Rizzo et al. 2013).
Adjusting the focus
Domains, terms and definitions of city brands relate to smart cities
Infrastructure & ICTs
Ubiquitous city
An urban space where ubiquitous technologies are embedded into the physical objects and structures in order to make urban functions more efficient and consequently improve the quality of people's life (Lee 2009, p. 11).
Digital city
A digital city is a community digital space, which is used to facilitate and augment the activities and functions taking place within the physical space of the city (Komninos 2006, p. 15).
Smart community
A community in which government, business, and residents understand the potential of information technology, and make a conscious decision to use that technology to transform life and work in their region in significant and positive ways (Lindskog 2004, p. 13).
Informational city
The informational city consists of creative clusters and spaces for personal contacts to stimulate sharing of implicit information (Stock 2011, p. 963).
Creative economy & knowledge-based society
Intelligent city
Intelligent cities and regions are territories with high capacity for learning and innovation, which is built-in the creativity of their population, their institutions of knowledge creation, and their digital infrastructure for communication and knowledge management (Komninos 2006, p. 13).
Creative city
Broadly, creative cities is about how local urban spaces can be re-imagined, rejuvenated, and re-purposed within a competitive global framework (Tay 2004, p. 220).
Knowledge city
A knowledge city is a place where new knowledge is constantly being created. An entire social system is devoted to produce, share and apply knowledge, which in turn, can be leveraged and exploited by companies and organisations (Ergazakis, Metaxiotis, and Psarras 2004, p. 79).
Innovative city
Innovative city is an urban development pattern, in which we solve the city problem with creative solutions to achieve urban renaissance, and employ innovation as a driver of sustainable urban development. (Lu et al. 2011, p. 2)
Sustainable city
A sustainable city is one in which the community has agreed on a set of sustainability principles and has further agreed to pursue their attainment. These principles should provide the citizenry with a good quality of life, in a liveable city, with affordable education, healthcare, housing, and transportation (Munier 2007, p. 43).
An eco-city is an ecologically healthy city. It is a healthy human ecological process leading to sustainable development within the carrying capacity of local ecosystems through changes in the production mode, consumption behaviour and decision instruments based on ecological economics and systems engineering (Wang and Ye 2004, p. 341).
Zero-carbon city
A 'zero-carbon city' is a city that entirely runs on renewable energy and hence produces no carbon footprint (Yigitcanlar and Lee 2014, p. 101).
Human infrastructure
Human smart city
Application of citizen-centric and participatory approaches to the co-design, development, and production of smart cities services that balance the technical 'smartness' of sensors, meters, and infrastructures with softer features such as clarity of vision, citizen empowerment, social interaction in physical urban settings, and public-citizens partnership (Rizzo et al. 2013, p. 677).
Humane city
Places and environments where people enjoy everyday life and work have multiple opportunities to exploit their human potential and lead a creative life (Streitz 2011, p. 429).
Learning city
A learning city, town or region recognises and understands the key role of learning in the development of basic prosperity, social stability and personal fulfilment, and mobilises all its human, physical, and financial resources creatively and sensitively to develop the full human potential of all its citizens (Longworth 1999, p. 4).
Smart cities definitions
Common definitions of smart cities
Bowerman et al. (2000)
A city that monitors and integrates conditions of all of its critical infrastructures including roads, bridges, tunnels, rails, subways, airports, sea-ports, communications, water, power, even major buildings, can better optimize its resources, plan its preventive maintenance activities, and monitor security aspects while maximising services to its citizens.
Giffinger et al. (2007)
A city well performing in a forward-looking way in [economy, people, governance, mobility, environment, and living] built on the smart combination of endowments and activities of self-decisive, independent and aware citizens.
Rios (2008)
A city that gives inspiration, shares culture, knowledge, and life, a city that motivates its inhabitants to create and flourish in their own lives. An admired city, a vessel to intelligence, but ultimately an incubator of empowered spaces.
Caragliu et al. (2009)
A city to be smart when investments in human and social capital and traditional (transport) and modern (ICT) communication infrastructure fuel sustainable economic growth and a high quality of life, with a wise management of natural resources, through participatory governance.
Eger (2009)
A particular idea of local community, one where city governments, enterprises and residents use ICTs to reinvent and reinforce the community's role in the new service economy, create jobs locally and improve the quality of community life.
González and Rossi (2011)
A public administration or authorities that delivers (or aims to) a set of new generation services and infrastructure, based on information and communication technologies
Nam and Pardo (2011)
A humane city that has multiple opportunities to exploit its human potential and lead a creative life.
Zhao (2011)
Improving the quality of life in a city, including ecological, cultural, political, institutional, social, and economic components without leaving a burden on future generations.
Lazaroiu (2012)
The smart city represents the future challenge, a city model where the technology is in service to the person and to his economic and social life quality improvement.
Schaffers et al. (2012)
Smart city is referred as the safe, secure environmentally green, and efficient urban centre of the future with advanced infrastructures such as sensors, electronics, and networks to stimulate sustainable economic growth and a high quality of life.
Piro et al. (2014)
A smart city is intended as an urban environment which, supported by pervasive ICT systems, is able to offer advanced and innovative services to citizens in order to improve the overall quality of their life.
Yigitcanlar (2016)
A smart city could be an ideal form to build the sustainable cities of the 21st century, in the case that a balanced and sustainable view on economic, societal, environmental and institutional development is realised.
In search of significance: smartness for what?
The functional cities and the function of cities
In a utilitarian perspective, which sets the value (utility) of anything as its ability to produce pleasure or happiness and avoid pain and misfortune, an ideal society is one that: (i) Allows the fulfilment of the individual's happiness, as long as this does not compromise the wellbeing of the group, and; (ii) Seeks to maximise the level of satisfaction of the society—the greatest happiness for the greatest number (Rosen 2003). The Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–322 BCE) was already aware of the function of the city far beyond just providing ideal conditions for promoting development and creating prosperity. "The goal or purpose of the city certainly encompasses physical existence and survival, but is also more than that, namely, living 'finely' […] The best city is happy and acts finely" (cited in Martin et al. 2003, p. 5). Aristotle understood the city primarily as a society, and happiness as a collective good that should pervade it. Therefore, if smart city is intended to be seen as a model of excellence, the term cannot leave any doubt that the promotion of the wellbeing and the happiness of its residents is a guiding principle and one of its key challenges (Ballas 2013).
Smart cities are happier cities
Despite the fact that wellbeing being a controversial concept also with an unresolved definition, it is known that both its meaning and the factors that condition it are linked to cultural aspects and are not free of value judgments and ethical positions (Ryan and Deci 2001). Several studies on the subject consider it inappropriate to deal with wellbeing as something that can be assessed simply from a universal set of conditions, such as income, marital status, individual freedom, and so on. Ryan and Deci (2001), Diener (2009) and Ballas (2013) show us that wellbeing and life satisfaction have objective and consistent conditions across cultures; but also a significant portion of subjective conditions, strongly influenced by local culture and circumstances. Moreover, in spite of having pan-cultural conditions, the importance that each society gives to them can differ substantially (Kitayama et al. 2000; Ryan and Deci 2001). This was already pointed out by a research conducted by Oishi et al. (1999), demonstrating that in poor nations income is a strong condition for life satisfaction, while satisfaction with family life is more important in richer nations. The same study suggests that individual freedom is less predictive of wellbeing in collectivistic societies than in individualistic ones. Daniel Kahneman, Nobel Prize in economics in 2002, argues that wellbeing and happiness are usually more related to subjective aspects such as the way we allot our time and the kind of social activities we engage into than to objective features (Kahneman et al. 2006). For these reasons, subjective aspects of wellbeing promotion should demand the same attention from city planners (Ballas 2013) as that they pay to its objective aspects. That is, in addition to providing quality of life—understood as levels of income, health, education, mobility, and so on—it would also be 'smart' to promote a lifestyle aligned with the values and other constituents of local culture (Ballas 2013; Neirotti et al. 2014).
Sense of community and the endogenous producing of wellbeing
The definition of 'sense of community' varies among different studies, but its constitution includes membership, mutual influence, fulfilment of needs, and shared emotional connection (Kim and Kaplan 2004) and reflects the feelings of attachment and belonging that an individual has towards the community (Pooley et al. 2005). According to Pooley et al. (2005), sense of community is equivalent to the social capital of a community, also called 'neighbourhood social capital' by Mohnen et al. (2011), which in turn defines it as "a resource one can access via membership in a group or community and consists of norms of reciprocity, civic participation, trust in others, and the benefits of membership" (Mohnen et al. 2011, p. 661). In the urban context, the most important benefit to be derived from joint activity with others is the realisation of goals related to physical and social wellbeing, and this importance is reinforced by evidences that neighbourhoods differ in their level of community and that such differences reflect in many relevant matters to people's lives (Völker et al. 2007; Han and Lee 2013). However, it is common sense and a phenomenon pointed out by social scientists that local neighbourhood communities are disappearing in present-day society as a side effect of growth and densification of cities (Wilson and Baldassare 1996; Völker et al. 2007).
Supporting neighbourhood communities
The key factor for the formation of a community is social interaction (Wilson and Baldassare 1996; Pancholi et al. 2015a, 2015b; Esmaeilpoorarabi et al. 2016), which is enhanced by the following three factors: (i) Opportunity for contact; (ii) Proximity to other people, and; (iii) Appropriate interaction spaces (Keane 1991). The physical-spatial reorganisation plays an important role in creating the sense of community, since it must provide formal and informal socialisation spaces (Talen 1999; Kim and Kaplan 2004). The same is said in relation to activities that strengthen social bonds, for example through actions that bring the neighbourhood together around the development of projects, shared purposes and goals (Lowe 2000; Völker et al. 2007). However, merely a proper planning and an incentive to social interaction (via processes of participatory governance, for example) seem unable to create such 'sense of community', especially its more 'affective' aspects (Talen 1999). Other variables, such as life pace, climate, size, density, diversity, economy, historical heritage and cultural identity must be considered, since they shape and make the experience of living in a given locality unique (Milgram 1974; Levine and Norenzayan 1999; Kim and Kaplan 2004; Völker et al. 2007). The construction of such psychological foundations of the sense of community depends on a number of factors that embed in citizens affective bonds with the place (Talen 1999). Such bonds are narrowed when residents are pleased with the community and familiar with its history and traditions, i.e., with the local narrative; when there is congruence or compatibility between the individuals personalities, the physical characteristics and the 'atmosphere' of the place; and when the place is able to awaken in its residents a sense of pride in being part of it (Talen 1999).
The concept of smart cities is currently a hot topic (see Yigitcanlar 2016). However, intense technology use alone in an urban environment does not equip this locality with the functionality of smart cities. Thus, it would be useful to underline what Caragliu et al. (2011) highlight as the key characteristics of smart cities, that are: (i) The utilisation of networked infrastructure to improve economic and political efficiency and enable social, cultural and urban development; (ii) An underlying emphasis on business-led urban development; (iii) A strong focus on the aim of achieving the social inclusion of various urban residents in public services; (iv) A stress on the crucial role of high-tech and creative industries in long run urban growth; (v) Profound attention to the role of social and relational capital in urban development, and; (vi) Social and environmental sustainability as a major strategic component for smart cities. Considering these key characteristics and the popularity of this type of city brand, we highlight below a new definition of the concept, its possible practical implications, linkages between smart cities and communities, and future directions.
A new focus and definition
In the light of the review of the literature, we propose a new smart city definition as follows. Smart city is "a community that systematically promotes the overall wellbeing for all of its members, and flexible enough to proactively and sustainably become an increasingly better place to live, work and play". Although this definition places people at the heart of smart city concept, it does not undermine the role of infrastructure, economy and sustainability—the four domains highlighted by Nam and Pardo (2011). Moreover, even being deliberately neutral in relation to the use of specific technologies or strategies, the definition implicitly incorporates the main approaches in literature, since that intelligence obviously manifests itself when the city promotes economic development with social justice and environmental sustainability; adopts and develops appropriate technologies for its local reality and uses governance processes that help build a community associated with the culture values and lifestyle its residents desire to retain or embrace (Neirotti et al. 2014). That, despite being simple, fulfils the role of being generic and comprehensive. In addition to being human-centred, as it brings promotion of wellbeing to the centre of the smartness concept, this definition imprints a dynamic character to the smart cities approach. Being smart is not just getting a high score on a set of metrics, even though this is a form of assessment. The definition implies the existence of neighbourhood communities (Talen 1999) with the goal of changing themselves for the best, on a continuous and sustainable way. In order to support this leading role; the community should be able to learn to build on their strengths and find their own way to become a better place for the current and future residents.
Practical implications
The main practical implication of this definition (or view of smart cities) is that any smart city project is set by and assessed from local cultural values point of view. For example, an appropriate smart cities proposal to São Paulo (Brazilian city known for its entrepreneurial, competitive and cosmopolitan inclination) may be completely unsuitable for the residents of Rio de Janeiro (another Brazilian city with strong values related to contemplation of the nature and balance between work and personal life). Thus, there must be reservations to replication proposals of successful projects imported from other cultures and geographies—even if they are in the same country (Ballas 2013; Neirotti et al. 2014). For the same reason, the work of planning the transformation of any territory into a smart city may require more than just good experts' directions. In order to establish a real understanding of the place, collaboration of people and institutions who actually understand the history and values of the community (including the future of it) is required. In other words, insiders are most likely to have better conditions to define what is relevant and useful (in the utilitarian sense), and to define priorities. These people and institutes also set what is secondary or undesirable for the community and city at any time. In addition to the continuous nature of the transformation process, it is assumed that potentially in the long run the most successful smart cities projects are the ones those made for with and eventually by the residents themselves. To paraphrase Ghandi, a smart city should create the conditions for people and institutions to be the change they wish to see in the city—derived from Mahatma Gandhi's statement of: "be the change you want to see in the world".
Smart cities as the home of smart neighbourhood communities
Considering a smart city as a set of one or more smart neighbourhood communities makes it human-centred and creates one of the pillars of cities smartness: participatory governance based on the engagement of civil society in the processes of urban transformation (Rizzo et al. 2013). From the individuals' point of view, the desirable emotional connection between the place and its residents suggests that planning a smart city needs to strongly engage its residents in the process of building the vision for the future. For some scholars, this involvement goes way beyond participating or providing feedback; it also includes helping in its building itself, through co-design and public-private-academia-community partnerships—so called quadruple helix model partnership (Rizzo et al. 2013). In this approach, individuals are seen as the producers of their own wellbeing by having a say and determining the features of their smart community/city (Völker et al. 2007).
Future directions
From the proposed definition of smart cities in this paper (a smart city is a community that systematically promotes the overall wellbeing for all of its members, and flexible enough to proactively and sustainably become an increasingly better place to live, work and play), two different research agendas emerge. These are: (i) How to start and drive the transformation process of places for them to become smart cities, and; (ii) How to assess the process of smart city transformation. The first agenda includes framework proposals for planning, initiating and managing transformation processes of a given geographical locality; it includes strategies, approaches, methods and techniques that help the actors involved in this challenge. The construction of frameworks may require identification, compilation or building of success cases (aligned with the human-centred perspective suggested in this paper). The second research agenda includes conducting studies that propose mechanisms to evaluate a locality, not only according to the metrics associated with the various domains of a smart city (Neirotti et al. 2014), but also their ability to autonomously conduct the transformation processes it will need to go through to become an even better place to live, work and play. This includes measuring its ability to identify, learn and do whatever needs to be done to ensure a better and sustainable future for its residents. In conclusion, success of smart cities concept depends on accurately determining the 'smartness that matters', and whatever smartness needs to be created it has to be done through a human-centred participatory processes to form successful smart cities and communities.
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DSNYC-partner-intro-HD from Sharkmatic Advertising on Vimeo.

subset: commoncrawl


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Anderson Cooper: Stop Bullying Town Hall Tonight!
Anderson Cooper will be hosting AC360's "Bullying: It Stops Here" town hall TONIGHT (October 9) held at New Jersey's Rutgers University.
"Too many kids have died already; too many kids are living in fear. At AC360 we decided to look into the problem by sponsoring an extensive study of bullying in one school to better understand the dynamics," the 44-year-old journalist said.
The special will also feature Jane Lynch, Kelly Ripa, Dr. Phil McGraw, and author Rosalind Wiseman.
Tune into CNN tonight at 8 p.m. ET and follow @AndersonCooper, @AC360, and use the hashtag #stopbullying to join the conversation on Twitter.
Anderson Cooper – Town Hall Behind-the-Scenes


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text: December 3, 2010 • Opportunist • Leave a CommentSheek Louch – Party After 2 (Behind the Scenes) [Video] http://www.hiphopstan.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/Sheek-Louch-Party-After-2-BTS.flv Some behind the scenes footage of Sheek Louch's Party After 2 video shoot by Best of Both Offices. PREVIOUS POSTBunky SA Brings His Daughter Into Street BEEF Involving Maino [Video]NEXT POSTKeyshia Cole – I Ain't Thru ft. Nicki Minaj [Video] Leave A Comment Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *Comment Name * Email * Website


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I can develop
About Me
I am just a guy lost in the land of codes and games.
I love crypto currencies and i widely support them therefore most of my clients are happy to pay me for my work with crypto currencies. I belive it's a future of our century and that it gives a huge advantages when it comes to business.
I am also enjoying playing games, therefore since i've got better internet connection last year i've decide that this year (2018) i will start streaming on Twitch and try to have some fun while trying to get some community. Hopefully people will love my stream.
Here are some of the technologies I am familiar with
I tend to use latest technologies in all coding languages.
HTML is basic language without nothing would be possible on the web. Currently i am using HTML5 to make sure all websites i create turn out to be modern and updated.
WordPress is the most famous CMS platform in the worl. It offers plenty possibilites and even thou it kinda limits me, i still love working with it. Every second client asks me to make him a website in WordPress.
This amazing framework was introduced to me once i started working in Herc. It's incredibly light and amazingly fast. It's definitely one of my favorites. Looking forward to future Vue editions.
AWS (Amazon Web Services) Expert
Another skill that i keep perfecting on daily basis. Able to create, link, monitor and backups all your wanted resources.
Since i've opened my own online hedgehog shop "Buddy" i've learned a lot about social media marketing and advertising. It's one of the skills for which i think it values the most if you use it right.
Business Consulting
After starting few companies myself and also witnessing a few multi-million company start up processes i am able to offer my experience and consultation for all the startups and future business owners.
Coding Languages
Loyal Clients
Years of Experience
Projects Done
View My Full PortfolioFeel free to check out some of my latest projects i've done.
Latest Posts
Learning Programming in 2018
Hello world! Here i come again after few months since i've posted last time which is when i've promised i will post in few days... Well, what can i say? Sorry! Life has been uber duper busy for me. But let's leave that for some other post. So, last night i was...
I've Lost my Car Keys
Losing car keys can be pain in the ass and trust i would know since this just happened to me. So just when i was about to plan my mini holiday with my girlfriend about going to Italy or maybe Hungary, this incredible bad luck happened to me....
It's been more than a week since i've wrote a last post. I know, i did promise i will write one post every few days but this time i actually have a good excuse. I was invited by my colleagues and by Mr. President himself to personally attend at anniversary of...
Back to my Blog After a Long Pause
I know, i know... You thought I've given up on writing my blog posts. Well, to be honest i didn't I've just had so much happening in my life. New job and projects, moving out to my own place, my brother having a baby and so much more that i might post about in the...
Search Engine Optimization for Bloggers(SEO)
Unfortunately, writing great blog posts isn't enough these days for readers to find a site. Search engine optimization (SEO) is needed to ensure that sites are indexed properly by search engine spiders. If a site is fully optimized, it will receive many more visitors...
Labour Day in Serbia as Important Holiday
Hello Internet. I've just came back from holidays and i thought i could write about holiday itself as i was asked numerous times from people around the world about how and what do we do in Serbia when labour day comes. What's labour day? Labour day is famous by many...
Let's Work Together
If you liked what you saw up there, feel free to leave me a message and maybe some informations about your future project so i can get back to you and we can start working together.
Learning Programming in 2018
Hello world! Here i come again after few months since i've posted last time which is when i've promised i will post in few days... Well, what can i say? Sorry! Life has been uber duper busy for me. But let's leave that for some other post. So, last night i was...read more
Stay updated


text:
The oil and gas industry is moving into deeper waters and less accessible environments, while at the same time having to uphold strict regulations concerning QA and HSE
In recent years, the focus within the maritime industry has been on energy efficiency and regulations regarding safety and environment.
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We verify and examine the mechanical properties of various materials and welded assemblies through destructive testing.
A drone inspection provides high resolution images and video of otherwise inaccessible areas.


text:
Title: Round Swirly Frames
This listing is for the 6 digital cliparts shown above. Each is created in high resolution (300dpi ). Perfect to use for wedding invitations, monograms, cards and party decorations.
The frames come in solid black. It's possible to change the colour of the png frames if you have knowledge of photo editing software, such as Photoshop. The frames measure roughly 1200 x 1200 px.
You will receive:
- 6 frames in png format
- 6 frames in jpg format


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Censorship in North Korea
|Part of a series on
|Human rights in North Korea
International reactions
|Part of a series on
|Censorship by country
|See also
Censorship in North Korea (the Democratic People's Republic of Korea) is the most intense among the world. It is very strictly controlled by the government. It is routinely at the bottom of the World Press Freedom Index Rankings published annually by Reporters Without Borders. From 2007 to 2013 North Korea has been listed second last of the 177 countries, and from 2002 through 2006 it was listed the worst in the world. In the report of '2015 Worldwide Press Freedom Index', Reporters Without Borders reported North Korea is second to the worst country next to Eritrea that has suppression of the press, which means there is no change in North Korea's inadequate press situation. [1] [2]
All media outlets are strictly owned and controlled by the North Korean government. As such, every media in North Korea gets its news from the Korean Central News Agency. The media dedicates a large portion of its resources toward political propaganda and promoting the personality cult of Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-il[3] and Kim Jong-un. Government of Kim Jong-un still has the absolute control authority over the press and information. [4]
Radio and television censorship
Radio or television sets, which can be bought in North Korea, are preset to receive only the government frequencies and sealed with a label to prevent tampering with the equipment. It is a serious criminal offence to manipulate the sets and receive radio or television broadcasts from outside North Korea. In a party campaign in 2003, the head of each party cell in neighborhoods and villages received instructions to verify the seals on all radio sets.[5]
As North and South Korea use different television systems (PAL and NTSC respectively), it is not possible to view broadcasts across the border between the two countries.[citation needed]
According to the Daily NK, it is possible to broadcast news for North Korea through short-wave radio. Possessing a short-wave radio is against the law in North Korea, but the radios are allegedly confiscated and resold by corrupted agents of secret police.[6]
"A Quiet Opening: North Koreans in a Changing Media Environment", a study commissioned by the U.S. State Department and conducted by InterMedia and released May 10, 2012, shows that despite extremely strict regulations and draconian penalties North Koreans, particularly elite elements, have increasing access to news and other media outside the state-controlled media authorized by the government. While access to the internet is tightly controlled, radio and DVDs are common media accessed, and in border areas, television.[7][8] Up to one in two urban households own a Notel (also called Notetel), a portable media player made in China which has been popular in North Korea since about 2005 and was legalized in 2014, and has been credited with facilitating the extension of the "Korean Wave" (Hallyu, the increase of the popularity of South Korean pop culture internationally) into North Korea.[9][10][11]
Journalism in North Korea
To become a journalist in North Korea, one has to graduate from a college. Through ideology review and a strict background check, the student is drafted by the college dean and the managers. The drafted journalist would normally go through a probation period of 4 to 5 years and is then stationed after an assessment.
In North Korea, journalism as a job is to guard, defend and advocate the party and the party head ideologically and theoretically. Since the role is defined as being a political activist and a fighter who can mobilize a crowd, a journalist in North Korea should be a true Kim Il-sung-ist and a fervent political activist, they also need to have a war correspondent spirit and political qualification. Journalists in North Korea are reeducated continuously.
The organization that takes charge of the reeducation of journalists in North Korea is the 'Chosen Reporter Alliance'. It is the strongest and the most systematized organization among the reporters and journalists' political idea education organizations. Usually the organization trains journalists and reporters intensively on philosophy, economics, world history, world literature, foreign language, etc.
Arguing about the contradictions in the system of North Korea itself is treason and would be treated as a major issue that one can not live in North Korean society. Over 70 percent of reports of Korean Central Broadcasting are allotted for Kim's idolization and propaganda system. The rest of the reports are spent on blaming and predicting the collapse of the United States, Japan and South Korea.
The Reporters in North Korea spend their time writing flattering articles to Kim. Kim Jong il used to punish the people who wrote from different point of view, saying "Words describe one's ideas".[12]
After reeducation, the journalist who works for over 15 years and has made a major contribution is entitled a 'distinguished journalist'. [13]
In 2006, Reporters Without Borders (Julien Pain, head of the Internet desk at Reporters Without Borders) described North Korea as the world's worst Internet black hole[14] in its list of the top 13 Internet enemies.[15]
Internet access is not generally available in North Korea. Only some high-level officials are allowed to access the global internet.[16] In some universities, a small number of strictly monitored computers are provided. Other citizens may only get access to the country's own internet, called Kwangmyong.[17] Foreigners can access the internet using the 3G phone network.[18][19]
Internet access is restricted to regime elites and select university students. The state has created its own substitute "intranet" – but even this network is restricted to certain elite grade schools, select research institutions, universities, factories, and privileged individuals. Moreover, the intranet is filtered by the Korea Computer Center, which ensures that only "acceptable" information can be accessed through the network. [20]
See also
- Media of North Korea
- Telecommunications in North Korea
- North Korean postal service
- Propaganda in North Korea
- Mass surveillance in North Korea
- Human rights in North Korea
- ↑ "Worldwide press freedom index". Reporters Without Borders. Retrieved January 9, 2008.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "World Press Freedom Index". Voice of America. Retrieved February 12, 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Kim Jong Il's leadership, key to victory". Naenara. Retrieved January 27, 2006.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "North Korea ranked the world worst in Freedom of Press". Voice of America. Retrieved February 12, 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Radio gives hope to North and South Koreans". CNN Asia. February 27, 2008. Retrieved April 28, 2010.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Kevin Kane (5 March 2007). "Private Citizens Liberating North Korea with Shortwave Radio". Daily NK. Retrieved 10 July 2014.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Illicit access to foreign media is changing North Koreans' worldview, study says". The Washington Post. Associated Press. May 10, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Nat Kretchun; Jane Kim (May 10, 2012). "A Quiet Opening: North Koreans in a Changing Media Environment" (PDF). InterMedia. Retrieved May 10, 2012.
The primary focus of the study was on the ability of North Koreans to access outside information from foreign sources through a variety of media, communication technologies and personal sources. The relationship between information exposure on North Koreans' perceptions of the outside world and their own country was also analyzed.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Pearson, James (March 27, 2015). "The $50 device that symbolizes a shift in North Korea". Reuters.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Cheap Chinese EVD player spreads S. Korean culture in N. Korea". Yonhap. October 22, 2013.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Diffusion de la vague coréenne "hallyu" au Nord par TV portable". Yonhap (in French). October 22, 2013. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "North Korea controls over foreign countries' press" (in Korean). June 20, 2007. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "What would be the role of the journalist in North Korea, the country remarked as the lowest in Freedom of Press?". Seunguk Baek. Retrieved December 20, 2014.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "The Internet Black Hole That Is North Korea". The New York Times. October 23, 2006.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "List of the 13 Internet enemies". Reporters Without Borders. Retrieved January 9, 2008.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Freedom of the Press: North Korea". Freedom House. Retrieved 15 July 2014.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Eric Talmadge (23 February 2014). "North Korea: Where the Internet has just 5,500 sites". Toronto Star. Associated Press. Retrieved 15 July 2014.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "North Korea to offer mobile internet access". BBC. 22 February 2013. Retrieved 15 July 2014.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Caitlin Dewey (26 February 2013). "Instagrams from within North Korea lift the veil, but only slightly". Washington Post. Retrieved 15 July 2014.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Sedaghat, Nouran. "North Korea exposed: Censorship in the world's most secretive state".<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>


text:
Holiday Cheese Straws
These tasty snacks are perfect for parties. They complement most any appetizer tray. Or serve them alongside soups or stews in place of bread.
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Holiday Cheese Straws
- Preheat oven to 375 degrees F. Line 2 baking sheets with parchment paper; set aside.
- In a medium bowl, combine cheese, fennel seeds, mustard seeds, poppy seeds, caraway seeds, black and white sesame seeds, garlic powder, pepper, salt, turmeric, paprika and cayenne pepper. Set aside. In a small bowl beat together egg and water.
- On a lightly floured cutting board, unfold one sheet of puff pastry. Brush the surface lightly with some of the egg mixture. Top with half of the cheese mixture to evenly cover entire surface. Roll a floured rolling pin over cheese to gently press the cheese into the puff pastry.
- Cut the puff pastry into long 1/2-inch-wide strips; gently twist each strip several times. Lay strips 1 inch apart on a prepared baking sheet. Repeat with remaining sheet of puff pastry, egg mixture and cheese mixture. Bake about 15 minutes or until the straws are golden in color. Cool on wire racks. Best served the same day but can be stored overnight in an airtight container. Makes 32 to 36 cheese straws.
Nutrition Facts (Holiday Cheese Straws)
- Per serving:
- 130 kcal ,
- 7 g fat
- (2 g sat. fat ,
- 1 g polyunsaturated fat ,
- 4 g monounsaturated fat ),
- 9 mg chol. ,
- 109 mg sodium ,
- 7 g carb. ,
- 0 g fiber ,
- 0 g sugar ,
- 3 g pro.


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« Food for Thought
And the Eagle shall lie down with the Moonbat
What's that all about? I started to say it started with this CNET article, but actually it started with this Senate bill, which the President should have had the balls to veto, and which clearly violates the First Amendment to the Constitution:
Read the part in italics again: "Congress shall make no law ... abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press..." If that doesn't say I can write whatever I damned well please on my blog, just exactly what the hell does it say? McCain-Feingold should never have made it out of the Senate to begin with -- there's a list here of the people we can blame for that -- and maybe it wouldn't be asking too much to hope to see it repealed or modified significantly before the next election, but it's time now for the whole blogosphere, from the Kossack/MooreOn crowd on the left to the grown-ups on the right, to unite and stand up for our right to stand up and scream about the things the MSM doesn't deem worthy of discussion. Click here, here and here, and follow the links, for some other reactions from the right side of the blogosphere. Ed Morrissey has an excellent suggestion here for how we can help head off this fiasco before it gets out of hand. Let's make some noise while we still can, people.
Posted by Bill Faith on March 3, 2005 at 11:18 PM | Permalink
Listed below are links to weblogs that reference And the Eagle shall lie down with the Moonbat:
» SCOTUS, the FEC, and Blogs from Caliber50
Tracked on Mar 4, 2005 9:19:58 PM
Aside from the fact that I do blame President Bush for not having the guts to vetoe this bill. It's all part of that politics of the "Pragmatist". Well, pragmatism has a cost and that's called the 'Creeping Agenda'. I have read on so many milblogs from active duty to veterans who all say they would vote for John McCain for President in a nanosecond. I developed a dislike for McCain (pretty much intense) during the runup to the Republican Convention in 2000. I saw him for as petty, vengeful, chip on the shoulder, screw your friends to further myself kind of personality. You knew this legislation had to be a very bad idea and yup it turned out to be just that. Just because he's a War Hero and I respect him for his service but that doesn't give McCain Carte Blanche to be a jerk. Hope you all remember this for the runup to the 2008 Presidency.
Posted by: Toni | Mar 4, 2005 7:41:53 AMI'm a veteran and I have no illusions about John Sidney McCain, I do respect him for his suffuring as a POW, but that's where it ends. The man is not a Republican, he is a RINO, more like the leftwing Democrats he collaborates with. His part in McCain-Feingold and the subsequent censurship of the freedom of speech for all of us during elections is unforgivable, he is more dangerous than Ted Kennedy or Chuck Schumer.
Posted by: Jack | Mar 4, 2005 8:40:52 PM
The comments to this entry are closed.


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jeannot, on 05 June 2014 - 07:27 AM, said:
If it doesn't have any effect (I tested using the opening office at the begining of the game) then that's definitely something with your unofficial card. The FXAA also affects official cards so that's one we can look into easier as we can reproduce the issue.
Let me know what you find.


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Have you seen the Momenta Summer 2011 releases? I am just so pleased with the new lines and looks! We have Pyramid Pads which have several sizes of papers all within one stack!
This is the Butterfly Garden Pyramid Pad:
Beautiful, right!? You can click HERE to see the others!
Today I have created a card using the small papers from the Butterfly Garden Pyramid Pad!
Pattern Paper: Butterfly Garden Pyramid Pad (PA-2382) - Momenta
Jewels: Gem Stickers (ST-3044) - Momenta
Stickers: Mini Vellum Message Stickers (ST-3047) - Momenta
Punch: Butterfly - Martha Stewart
Twine: The Twinery


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- July 21, 2017
- By Lindsey O'Brien
- In Uncategorized
- 2759
- 0
Also known as a demand letter, dunning letter, or past due letter, a collection letter is an integral part of your invoice collection process. The collection letter usually comes into play after the customer is already past due and after you have made a few attempts to contact the customer via phone. Sending these letters makes a huge difference in being able to collect on the invoice as soon as possible, so making them effective is crucial. When it comes to writing an invoice collection letter, its success or failure hinges on both letter messaging and delivery timing.
Note: we mention both letters and emails in this section because in our technology-driven world, many companies choose to email collection letters and only send hard copies as invoices continue to go beyond terms and pressure must be increased.
Gain complimentary access to the Anytime Collect product portal which contains: Recorded Demos, Feature Videos, Spec Sheets, ROI Calculator, And Much More.JOIN NOW


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We want to remind you that January is the EPA's National Radon Action Month, the time to ensure you're protected against the invisible killer responsible for 21,000 lung cancer deaths each year.
What can you do to guard against this odorless but radioactive gas, which could be filling your home right now?
- Test your home with easy-to-use radon testing kits.
- If you discover radon, caulk gaps and cracks in your home's slab, foundation, or framing.
- If you're buying new construction, select a home with radon-resistant features, such as passive radon control systems.
- Talk up the risks of radon with friends and family, and encourage them to test their homes.
Have you discovered radon in your home? What did you do to remove it?


text: Only tested on pete's v9 Update.zip compiled from many themes Credit to :jairomeo manup456,Chevyno1,Pete, Adamz, Mjones, Paulmiller,Cytown,Frauq,Ejlax,blackdroid, Ronx,Roberj13,Koush,thebowers,bgill55,chronzz,Slider46,stanrc I take no credit for the work i just made it fit together all pngs are pulled from others work hence why im not taking credit (I use it for myself if you'd like to edit stuff go ahead i am just sharing what i like) ALWAYS MAKE A NANDROID BACKUP FIRST How to install Update.zip Installation (No Data Loss): -Do not use if coming from a 2.0.1 ROM -Be sure to have signed into your Google account before installing -Update (if available) all of your apps before installing -Download update.zip -Place update.zip on the root of sdcard -Reboot into recovery -Install -Allow update.zip installation -Install /sdcard/update.zip (deprecated) Apps Included koush mms-http://www.droidforums.net nex theme(Framework and Settings)-http://forum.xda-developers.com cytown phone app-http://forum.xda-developers.com Helix launcher change log -http://forum.xda-developers.com Helix launcher 2 change log-http://forum.xda-developers.com -dialer http://alldroid.org -Round battery icons http://www.droidforums.net -helixlauncher themed by Blackdroid/Ronx http://www.droidforums.net -Included themed Blue,Icons Pressed also Themed Blue Geniewidget, Music,Settings,Gmail,Launcher,Pandora Youtube,Mms,Mixzing,Phone,Contacts,Vending,Wifi Tether(Pre 8),Facebook, Download link's Pink Theme-->http://www.*********** (some things are blue haven't got around to changing them yet) Blue Theme For roms that don't support launcher 2->>http://www.*********** For roms that support launcher 2 phone apk may not work on all roms tested on pete's v9 Nextheme->>http://www.*********** ALittle bit of everyones mostly Black ice framework and a little bit of everyone elses-->http://www.*********** (Only tested on Pete's v9) For those wanting just the droid pull down bar MEGAUPLOAD -In command prompt in your android-sdk-windows/tools use this command: -adb pull /system/framework/framework-res.apk c:\users\name\dekstop -Next, right click on the file you pulled on desktop and in the 7zip menu hit open archive. -Next, open the res folder. -Now, drag the drawable-hdpi that you extracted from my zip in to the 7zip open archive window. -Finally, close the open archive window and move this file in to your android-sdk-windows/tools folder. -Back in command prompt, make sure you mount your system partition using root explorer or another method: -adb push framework-res.apk /system/framework/ Now reboot your phone To change icons ie (battery or whatever icon you want to) -With winrar or 7 zip open the update.zip (I just minimize the open update.zip till im done editing the files i want to then drag it back in) -Open system/framework/framework res.apk/res folder/ drawable hdpi folder. -I always drag the drawable hdpi folder to my to my desktop you can make the changes then drag it back to the open zip file. Just make sure you know what your doing before you add or delete things ( I am not responsible for your mistakes)


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Nissan Rat Rod Truck
We Are The Same Great People, With A NEW Name And A NEW …
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58 Rat rod 1st Time Running – YouTube
Then quit calling your car a Rat Rod, especially with those MTV Negro wheels ! lights remember, you mentioned the dented rear bumper anyway cool to see the truck bro 9:52 Watch Later Error Supercharged Nissan Titan 46" Baja Claws Destroyed by Dubtizle 830,623 … View Video
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The Nissan Avenir is an example of a model that began its life as a utility vehicle, and became a well Hot rod; Kei car; Large family car; Leisure activity vehicle Touring car; Town car; T-top; Tow truck; Ute; Van; Voiturette … Read Article
Coupé – Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Hot rod; Kei car; Large family car; Leisure activity vehicle; Liftback; Limousine Supermini; Targa top; Taxicab; Touring car; Town car; T-top; Tow truck; Ute; Van; Voiturette … Read Article
Auto Repair Sitemap – Page 96 2012-08-13 – Spiderbites Of …
Pontiac Firebird A Drowned Rat? Your Auto Repair Questions Answered by your About.com Questions Answered by your About.com Guide to Auto Repair: Lumina APV Inner Tie Rod Your Auto Repair Questions Answered by your About.com Guide to Auto Repair: Toyota Truck Dash Warning Lights On Nissan … Read Article
Turbine Engine Powered SkunkWorks Rat Rod Jet Car – YouTube
Accented in Rat Rod fashion with a Sr-71 blackbird and SkunkWorks theme. 1:25 Watch Later Error Boeing Turbine Engine Jet Truck by TransTurbine 101 views 1:06 Watch Later Error Datsun/Nissan 280Z 4 Barrel, Headers, and Flowmaster by markmanmatt … View Video


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Some time ago my beloved Rib. asked me to collaborate for a contest for the big bluesman Johnny Winter; lately mine and her time has been crazily busy, though, so we couldn't dedicated very much of ourselves into this work. Still, we have done something and, well, just in case your votes wouldn't be disliked… Here you vote the first one and here the second one. Just in case you actually appreciate 'em, though (I hate so much the pressing for getting votes online…).
(I'm really sorry for the watermarks on the illustrations, but I have to keep them because of the contest, of course. I'm even more sorry for not being very present on my blog, in this period, since I have a huge queue of things to say here, but, again, I've been way too busy. Hopefully, I'll publish a ton of stuff very soon.)


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You can't have a collection of campfire cooking recipes without a good smokey pot of chili in the mix. Fire cooking with cast iron cooking just spells the great outdoors. What could be better depending on how hot you want that pot of chili than cooking it in a dutch oven and place on hot coals? And chili can be made so many ways that even a little celery and carrots added with some salt and pepper wouldn't turn up anyone's eyebrows if the mood struck to toss them in.
Traditionally the cast iron dutch oven is placed over the hot coals and about 1-2 Lbs of ground beef is added to brown with some chopped onion and garlic. Add about 2 Tbs of chili powder and stir to mix well. You can add some peppers of your choice depending on how hot you want to make it from mild with a sweet pepper to holy cow with some hot spicy peppers. You'll want to drain off the fat as the ground beef browns. You might want to throw in a couple pieces of bacon to give it that smokey taste and add a little Worcestershire sauce or about 1/2 Tsp of liquid smoke. Just keep letting the meat brown up nice but not burn and keep mixing in those peppers, onions and garlic.
When the meat is nicely browned and the onions, garlic and peppers are tender you can add canned kidney or chili beans to the meat mixture juice and all. If you like your chili with just a tiny taste of sweetness try adding a can of pork and beans. Continue simmering your chili over the campfire and stir to keep it from sticking. The chili will thicken as it continues to simmer over the coals or your wood fire.
Meanwhile you can take out a cast iron skillet and treat with a little oil. What goes better with a pot of campfire chili than a skillet fun of cornbread? You can actually make a box of cornbread that you bought in a store but instead of cooking it in an oven you just mix the ingredients together and pour into the cast iron skillet. Place the lid on the skillet and place it on the grate over the fire. The cornbread will cook in the covered cast iron skillet and you'll have a full flavored bread to go with your campfire chili.
Chili doesn't have to be made with ground beef either as other meats work just as well like buffalo, venison, ground pork and even chicken. Chili can also be made with no meat at all or with meat and no beans. Let's not forget either that chili can also be made with stewed tomatoes, tomatoes and diced peppers, tomato sauce or even vegetable juice if necessary. Garnishing chili with a little shredded cheese never hurts either or a spoonful of sour cream if you have it and some chopped green onions and let's not forget the corn chips for that added crunch instead of crackers.
Source by Ian Pennington


text: Would-be robbers drove a pickup truck through the front of a Marathon gas station early Wednesday in Indianapolis in an unsuccessful attempt to steal an ATM. Surveillance video shows the truck backing through the glass front doors of the station at 30th Street and College Avenue about 3:30 a.m. Two men strapped a tow rope to an ATM inside the store and drove off, but the rope broke, leaving the cash machine behind. Police found the truck about a block away a short time later, but are still looking for the suspects.


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You were just rear ended, or you were hit by a car while in a cross walk, you were walking down the street and a dog attacked you, causing injury. Those are just three illustrations of different types personal injury cases. There are, of course, many others, such as plane and bus accidents, motorcycle accidents, the list goes on and on.
Since 1978, this firm has litigated almost every type of accident case, including plane, bus, pedestrian, auto, motorcycle, bicycle, slip and fall accidents. Our Pasadena personal injury law firm has the experience and knowledge needed to litigate your case to a successful conclusion. We do not "manage cases" we litigate them. There is a big difference.
We do not just sign up a case and wait for medical treatment to conclude and then send out a demand letter hoping for the best. So, here is what we can and will do for you.
- We can assist you in documenting the facts of your case, so in the future you can be consistent when you are asked to recount the details of your accident.
- We can assist you in obtaining medical care, on a lien basis, for your injuries, if you do not have a resource of your own.
- We will can assist in resolving issues concerning repair to or reimbursement for you vehicle, car rental, etc. We do not charge a fee for this service.
- We will arrange for all insurance company requests for written and /or telephonic statements to take place in our offices so one of our attorneys can be present at all times to represent your interests.
- We will ensure that all Governments Claims Statutes are complied with, as well as Civil Statutes of Limitations and Statutes of Limitations for Uninsured Motorists Claims.
- We will, depending upon the severity of your injuries and the existence of liability disputes, initiate litigation as soon as feasible. Why wait 20-24 months to begin a lawsuit that is inevitable.
- We will in most instances advance the funds necessary to move your case along including filing fees, service of process fees, court reporter fees, expert witness fees and so forth.
- We will deduct those advanced costs from your settlement or award, however in the event your case is not successful we will likely not hold you personally responsible for those sums.
- We will make ourselves available, on a timely basis to respond to any questions or concerns you might have concerning your case.
- We will not take shortcuts concerning your case. We will engage in discovery on your behalf, including taking depositions, hiring investigators if necessary, retain experts, and fully engage opposing counsel.
- We will present and demand recovery for all of your losses, including pain and suffering, past medical bills, future medical bills, loss of earnings past and future, personal property loss (clothing, items in your car that were damaged and when applicable), and loss of consortium.


text: This villa is simply stunning and minutes walk from the beach and San Pedro promenade. By this summer the pedestrianised promenade will be finished so that it will be possible to walk from San Pedro right through to Marbella past Puerto Banus - providing you have the energy of course! The villa has a lift to all floors, and is very modern and contemporary in style, beautifully furnished and well laid out as can be seen from the photos. There are 6 bedrooms, and 6 bathrooms in the property, and a private garden with jacuzzi and swimming pool. A favourite holiday rental for the rich and famous due to the properties location, privacy and high quality. This villa rents out short term all year long, and high season rental rates are 7500 Euros per week.


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House sublease ready from mid jan 2018 through end june 2018
Posted On : 2018-01-05 | Posted By : Malay | Ad Viewed : 299 Times
Ad Viewed : 299 Times | Ad Received : 0 Response
Two bed two bath first floor apartment (1090 sft) available for sublease in Brown Deer Milwaukee (53223) - from Mid Jan 2018 through end June 2018. Community - Deer Run apartments. Please refer the apartment details in the following link. https://www.apartments.com/deer-run-apartments-milwaukee-wi/3grcccf/ Rent through the leasing office 1245. Minimum lease period with leasing office 6 month. I am offering 1050 per month for the five and half month of my remaining leasing period. Post sublease tenet can extend the lease with the leasing office directly. Amenities of the flat - Patio, private lawn, indoor garage, two car parks, extra store room outside of the apartment, washer drier inside the apartment, refrigerator, dish washer, centralized gas heating, centralized electric A/c, Brown deer school bus pick up drop right next to the apartment. Interested parties please contact me ASAP - 3319802615
www.MilwaukeeIndian.com All rights reserved.


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So we plan and plan our three year or five year plan. We go along just fine and suddenly we are slammed with a family emergency that just throws a huge monkey wrench right smack into the middle of everything we planned.
I am in the middle of just such a family emergency. It has taken longer than expected . . .doesnt it always.
There is a lot of driving back and forth and a lot of sitting and waiting in hospital rooms involved. So I have my hexies in my bag to work on.
No pictures for now just a request for prayers and good vibes and patience from my readers. I will get back to my quilting topics as soon as I get back home.


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The Healthiest Way To Lose WeightWelcome to Ask Wholesome Dwelling - by which you submit your most burning well being questions and we do our greatest to ask the consultants and get again to you. If you go out to lunch with colleagues, look for salads with lean protein sources similar to grilled hen and ask for dressing on the facet, or opt for a sandwich on whole-grain bread and substitute vegetables or a baked candy potato for fries. The omega-3 fatty acids in fish are healthy fats that may cut back your threat of most cancers and heart illness and assist with brain function, they usually're packed with protein to assist in muscle recovery and progress. Loads of calorie-dense, healthy foods are the perfect support to your efforts to realize weight. Please set realistic weight achieve targets on how many kilos you hope to gain each week.
Once, you get used to consuming that extra 500 energy per day, you must then increase that quantity by another 500 energy to achieve weight fast. If you're impatient like I'm and wish to add as an example another additional 1,000 energy instantly, then the best way so that you can achieve weight quick is to take an appetite stimulant.
It will ramp up your metabolism and make you hungrier which mean you'll consume more foods and growing muscle at the similar time meaning you will acquire weight fairly quickly. For somebody actually very new to weights they'll notice a huge improvement in the first 1 - 3 months as beginner weight positive factors will begin to show and if that is sufficient they'll simply go to the fitness center often to maintain a degree they're pleased with. For somebody who is constructing muscle with a view to put on weight it is important to eat wholesome vary of carbohydrates and protein.
Also, attempt to incorporate the following foods into your weight loss plan to realize weight fast: peanut butter, nutella, almond butter, bananas and different fruits, breakfast cereals and oats, non-fat free yogurt, avocados, pure fruit juices, coconut oil, olive oil, flaxseed oil, poutry, meats, fish, granola bars, meal replacement bars, smoothies and starchy vegetables.
Firstly, when making an attempt to achieve weight quick women need to learn the way get motivated and stay motivated. They need to try to stay targeted and determined when trying to achieve weight quick as a result of like trying to drop a few pounds, the ability to succeed is commonly tied to how mentally prepared ladies are to realize weight fast.
So if you would like to control what goes into your weight acquire shakes, the perfect factor so that you can do could be to buy a protein powder and add your healthy carbs, fat and sugar portions to it. You can add one cup of oats (approximately 300 calories healthy recipes for weight loss), milk, a banana or any fruit that you like that's typically utilized in shakes, any one of many prepared made shakes above resembling Ensure or Supligen to make your excellent protein shake to gain weight quick.
Undergo your meal planners and food logs to see what doesn't match up. Search for attainable processed meals or synthetic sweeteners in new foods you've added to your diet recently. Attempt per week long Detox Weight loss plan Week 7 Day Weight Loss Cleanse It's a one-week detox cleanse that is just the factor to present your weight reduction a lift and assist pull you out of a plateau. These recipes are all picky eaters" accredited, making them perfect to your complete household.
Alternatively, do a 20-minute session of alactic intervals which stimulate your quick-twitch muscle fibers and complement strength-coaching efforts to construct muscle. Cardio stimulates your urge for food so that you eat more and helps hold your coronary heart wholesome by bettering its efficiency at pumping blood throughout your physique. But in all places I turn I am always being bombarded with the latest weight reduction product guaranteeing to let me lose 7 pounds in 7 days.
But no matter what flavor you select or what particular objective the Guarantee should be serving, adding his replament meal to your food plan is among the finest methods to achieve weight fast for women. Guarantee Plus comprises 350 calories per bottle and will make you gain weight quick when drunk 3 times a day. Enhance Plus dietary shake accommodates 360 calories per bottle and is one other way for ladies to achieve weight fast. Women who need to gain weight quick ought to actually think about including Nutrament to their diets.
If you want to improve that number begin with a Detox Diet Week Weight Loss Cleanse on Week #1, then follow up with this plan. The only most necessary lesson I can educate you about weight reduction is that everyone messes up. It's the individuals who mess up and get over it (aka: hit their reset button) that succeed. Reasonable targets are paramount; many people will set lofty objectives like lose 10 pounds this week" then they lose three kilos and develop into unmotivated, when actually three kilos is great. You may at all times beat the goals, however be certain that they're affordable enough that you are not setting your self as much as lose your motivation.


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Intelli Innovations, Inc. has released an upgrade for iPrompter, bringing it to version 2.0. iPrompter is a text prompting app designed for use in business or educational environments. The latest version features OS X support. According to Intelli Innovations:
Intelli Innovations Inc., developers of innovative business software for the Macintosh platform, today released iPrompter 2.0, an upgrade to its low-cost text prompting software, making it compatible with Appleis Mac OS X.
You can find more information about the iPrompter upgrade at the Intelli innovations, Inc. Web site. iPrompter 2.0 is free for registered users, while the full version is available for US$29.95.


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Office : 01132 950 475
Mobile : 07798 862 441
Welcome to C.S. Rose Solar Plumbing.
An expert in Saniflo installation and repair covering Leeds and the surrounding areas.
The Saniflo range of small-bore macerator pumps enables you to add an extra shower room, kitchen or utility facility almost anywhere. This includes those 'hard to plumb' locations that would be impractical or expensive using conventional large-bore, gravity drained discharge pipework.
So, if you have the space to add facilities but plumbing is a problem – Saniflo will provide the answer. Saniflo puts you in control; enabling you to site facilities where you want them, instead of where gravity plumbing dictates.
Units from the Saniflo range quietly pump waste and water vertically or horizontally, through small bore pipework of just 22/32mm diameter to existing drainage.
With Saniflo, you can choose where to add facilities and it's easy, quick and economical. So if you have the space, Saniflo has the product to help you improve your home.
From a simple Saniflo service to a full loft conversion, our Saniflo repair engineers are always available to help you.
External Macerators
Integral Macerators
Gray Water Pumps
Twin motor Macerator & Pump
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Please click here to view the Saniflo Brochure
CS Rose Saniflo plumbers are expert fault finders and can diagnose any problems with your Saniflo quickly and efficiently with minimum disruption to your day to day life.
The vast majority of the Saniflo repair and installation work in Leeds is carried out under word of recommendations from an established and growing customer base.
References from people local too Meanwood, Chapel Allerton, Roundhay, Harehills, Gipton, Seacroft, Whinmoor, Halton, Colton, Cross Green, Hunslet, Rothwell, Carlton, Middleton, Beeston, Churwell, Morley, Hunslet, Holbeck, Farnley, Pudsey, Stanningley, Bramley, Rodley, Horsforth & Headingley are avialable.
If you need Saniflo installations, repairs or servicing, or you are thinking about converting a room to use Saniflo products call C.S. Rose today on 07798 862441.
Proprietor: Steve Rose - 53 Skelton Road, Leeds, LS9 9EP
2014 All Rights Reserved | © CS Rose Solar Plumbing