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Patent application title: RECONFIGURABLE SEQUENCER STRUCTURE
Martin Vorbach (Lingenfeld, DE)
Martin Vorbach (Lingenfeld, DE)
Pact Xpp Technologies Ag (Munchen, DE)
IPC8 Class: AG06F1576FI
USPC Class:
712 29
Class name: Processing architecture distributed processing system interface
Publication date: 2013-01-24
Patent application number: 20130024657
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A cell element field for data processing, having function cell means for
execution of algebraic and/or logic functions and memory cell means for
receiving, storing and/or outputting information is described. Function
cell-memory cell combinations are formed in which a control connection
leads from the function cell means to the memory cell means.
1-17. (canceled)
18. A data processor chip comprising: a plurality of data processing elements each including at least one arithmetic-logic-unit; a plurality of memory elements adapted for storing at least one of program data and program code; at least one input/output element adapted for transmitting data to and receiving data from at least one of a high level memory and peripherals; and a bus system; wherein: each of the data processing, memory, and input/output elements is dedicated to its respective function and separate from each other; the bus system interconnects the data processing, memory, and input/output elements for transmitting data between specific ones of the elements according to a setting of the bus system at runtime; and each of the data processing, memory, and input/output elements is flexibly connectable for transmitting data to at least one other of the data processing, memory, and input/output elements depending on the setting of the bus system at runtime.
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/040,769, filed Mar. 4, 2011, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/836,364, filed Jul. 14, 2010, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/541,299, filed on Aug. 14, 2009, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/082,073, filed on Apr. 7, 2008, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/526,595, filed on Jan. 9, 2006, which is the National Stage of International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/EP2003/009957, filed on Sep. 8, 2003, which claims benefit of and priority to German Patent Application Serial No. DE 102 41 812.8, filed on Sep. 6, 2002, the entire contents of each of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference thereto.
[0002] The present invention relates to a cell element field and a method for operating same. The present invention thus relates in particular to reconfigurable data processing architectures.
[0003] The term reconfigurable architecture is understood to refer to units (VPUs) having a plurality of elements whose function and/or interconnection is variable during run time. These elements may include arithmetic logic units, FPGA areas, input/output cells, memory cells, analog modules, etc. Units of this type are known by the term VPU, for example. These typically include arithmetic and/or logic and/or analog and/or memory and/or interconnecting modules and/or communicative peripheral modules (IOs), typically referred to as PAEs, which are arranged in one or more dimensions and are linked together directly or by one or more bus systems. PAEs are arranged in any configuration, mixture and hierarchy, the system being known as a PAE array or, for short, a PA. A configuring unit may be assigned to the PAE. In addition to VPU units, in principle systolic arrays, neural networks, multiprocessor systems, processors having multiple arithmetic units and/or logic cells, interconnection and network modules such as crossbar circuits, etc., as well as FPGAs, DPGAs, transputers, etc., are also known
[0004] It should be pointed out that essential aspects of VPU technology are described in the following protective rights of the same applicant as well as in the particular follow-up applications to the protective rights listed here:
[0006] It should be pointed out that the documents listed above are incorporated in particular with regard to particulars and details of the interconnection, configuration, embodiment of architecture elements, trigger methods, etc., for disclosure purposes.
[0007] The architecture has considerable advantages in comparison with traditional processor architectures inasmuch as data processing is performed in a manner having a large proportion of parallel and/or vectorial data processing steps. However, the advantages of this architecture in comparison with other processor units, coprocessor units or data processing units in general are not as great when the advantages of interconnection and of the given processor architectonic particulars are no longer achievable to the full extent.
[0008] This is the case in particular when data processing steps that are traditionally best mappable on sequencer structures are to be executed. It is desirable to design and use the reconfigurable architecture in such a way that even those data processing steps which are typically particularly suitable for being executed using sequencers are executable particularly rapidly and efficiently.
[0009] The object of the present invention is to provide a novel device and a novel method for commercial application.
[0010] The method of achieving this object is claimed independently. Preferred embodiments are characterized in the subclaims.
[0011] According to a first essential aspect of the present invention, in the case of a cell element field whose function and/or interconnection is reconfigurable in particular during run time without interfering with unreconfigured elements for data processing with coarsely granular function cell elements in particular for execution of algebraic and/or logic functions and memory cell means for receiving, storing and/or outputting information, it is proposed that function cell-memory cell combinations be formed in which a control connection to the memory means is managed by the function cell means. This control connection is for making the address and/or data input/output from the memory controllable through the particular function cell, typically an ALU-PAE, It is thus possible to indicate, for example, whether the next item of information transmitted is to be handled as an address or as data and whether read and/or write access is necessary. This transfer of data from the memory cell, i.e., the memory cell means, which may be a RAM-PAE, for example, to the function cell means, which may be an ALU-PAE, for example, then makes it possible for new commands that are to be executed by the ALU to be loadable into the latter. It should be pointed out that function cell means and memory cell means may be combined by integration into a structural unit. In such a case it is possible to use a single bus connection to input data into the memory cell means and/or the ALU. Suitable input registers and/or output registers may then be provided and, if desired, additional data registers and/or configuration registers different from the former may also be provided as memory cell means.
[0012] It should also be pointed out that it is possible to construct a cell element field containing a plurality of different cells and/or cell groups, strips or similar regular patterns being preferably provided with the different cells because these permit a very regular arrangement while facilitating the design equally in terms of hardware design and operation. With such a strip-like arrangement or other regular layout of a small plurality of different cell elements, for example, elements having integrated function cell means-memory cell means combinations, i.e., cells in which function cell means and memory cell means are integrated according to the present invention, are provided centrally in the field, where typically only a few different program steps are to be executed within a sequencer structure because, as has been recognized, this provides very good results for traditional data stream applications, while more complex sequencer structures may be constructed at the edges of the field where, for example, an ALU-PAE which represents a separate unit possibly may be provided in addition to a separate RAM-PAE and optionally a number of I/O-PAEs using, i.e., arranging appropriate control lines or connections thereof because frequently more memory is needed there, e.g., to temporarily store results generated in the field central area of the cell element field and/or for datastreaming, to pre-enter and/or process data needed thereby.
[0013] When cells that integrate memory cell means and function cell means are provided, e.g., in the center of the field, a small memory may then be provided there for different commands to be executed by the function cell means such as the ALU. It is possible here in particular to separate the command memory and/or the configuration memory from a data memory, and it is possible to design the function memory to be so large that alternatively, one of several, e.g., two different sequences may be executed. The particular sequence to be executed may occur in response to results generated in the cell and/or control signals such as carry signals, overflow signals, and/or trigger signals arriving from the outside. In this way, this arrangement may also be used for wave reconfiguration methods.
[0014] In this way it is possible to construct a sequencer structure in a cell element field by providing a dedicated control connection controlled by function cells in a dedicated manner between function cell and function cell means and memory cell and/or memory cell means with only two elements connected by suitable buses without requiring additional measures and/or design changes otherwise. Data, addresses, program steps, etc., may be stored in the memory cell in a manner known per se from traditional processors. Since both elements, if properly configured, may also be used in another way, this yields a particularly efficient design which is particularly adaptable to sequencer structures as well as vectorial and/or parallelizable structures. Parallelization may thus be supported merely via suitable PAE configurations, i.e., by providing PAEs that operate in two different spatial directions and/or via cell units equipped with data throughput registers.
[0015] It is clear here that a plurality of sequencer type structures may be constructed in the reconfigurable cell element field by using only two cells in a cell element field, namely the function cell and the information processing cell. This is advantageous inasmuch as a number of different tasks that are different from one another per se must often be executed in data processing, e.g., in a multitasking-capable operating system. A plurality of such tasks must then be executed effectively and simultaneously in a single cell element field. The advantages of real time applications are obvious. Furthermore it is also possible to operate the individual sequencer structures that are constructed in a cell element field, providing the control connection according to the present invention, at different clock rates, e.g., to lower power consumption by executing lower priority tasks at a slower rate. It is also possible to execute sequencer type program parts in the field in parallel or vectorially in execution of algorithms that are largely parallel per se and vice versa.
[0016] Typically, however, it is preferable for sequencer-type structures to be clocked at a higher rate in the cell element field, whether they are sequencer-type structures having an area connected to neighboring cells or buses or whether they are combinations of spatially differentiable separate and separately useable function cell elements such as ALU-PAEs and memory cell elements such as RAM-PAEs. This has the advantage that sequential program parts, which are very difficult to parallelize in any case, may be used in a general data flow processing without any negative effect on the overall data processing. Examples of this include, e.g., a HUFFMANN coding which is executable much better sequentially than in parallel and which also plays an important role for applications such as MPEG4 coding, but in this case the essential other parts of the MPEG4 coding are also easily parallelizable. Parallel data processing is then used for most parts of an algorithm and a sequential processing block is provided therein. An increase in the clock frequency in the sequencer range by a factor of 2 to 4 is typically sufficient.
[0017] It should be pointed out that instead of a strip arrangement of different cell elements, another grouping, in particular a multidimensional grouping, may also be selected.
[0018] The cell element field having the cells whose function and/or interconnection is configurable may obviously form a processor, a coprocessor and/or a microcontroller and/or a parallel plurality of combinations thereof.
[0019] The function cells are typically formed as arithmetic logic units, which may be in particular coarsely granular elements but may also be provided with a fine granular state machine, for example. In a particularly preferred exemplary embodiment, the ALUs are extended ALUs (EALUs) as described in previous patent applications of the present applicant. An extension may include in particular the control line check, command decoder unit, etc., if necessary.
[0020] The memory cells may store data and/or information in a volatile and/or nonvolatile form. When information stored in the memory cells, whether program steps, addresses for access to data or data stored in a register-type form, i.e., a heap is stored as volatile data, a complete reconfiguration may take place during run time. Alternatively it is possible to provide nonvolatile memory cells. The nonvolatile memory cells may be provided as an EEPROM area and the like, where a rudimentary BIOS program that is to be executed on boot-up of the system is stored. This permits booting up a data processing system without additional components. A nonvolatile data memory may also be provided if it is decided for reasons of cost and/or space that the same program parts are always to be executed repeatedly, and it is also possible to alternate among such fixed program parts during operation, e.g., in the manner of a wave reconfiguration. The possibilities of providing and using such nonvolatile memories are the object of other protective rights of the present applicant. It is possible to store both volatile and nonvolatile data in the memory cells, e.g., for permanent storage of a BIOS program, and nevertheless be able to use the memory cell for other purposes.
[0021] The memory cell is preferably designed to be able to store a sufficient variety of data to be executed and/or program parts to be executed. It should be pointed out here that these program parts may be designed as program steps, each specifying what an individual PAE, in particular the assigned PAE, i.e., in particular the function cell controlling the memory cell, is to do in the next step, and they may also include entire configurations for field areas or other fields. In such a case, it is readily possible for the sequencer structure that has been created to issue a command on the basis of which cell element field areas are reconfigured. The function cell triggering this configuration then operates as a load logic at the same time. It should be pointed out that the configuration of other cells may in turn be accomplished in such a way that sequencer type data processing is performed there and it is in turn possible in these fields to configure and/or reconfigure other cells in the course of program execution. This results in an iterative configuration of cell element areas, and nesting of programs having sequencer structures and parallel structures is possible, these structures being nested one inside the other like babushka dolls. It should be pointed out that access to additional cell element fields outside of an individual integrated module is possible through input/output cells in particular, which may massively increase the total computation performance. It is possible in particular when configurations occur in a code part of a sequencer structure configured into a cell element field to perform, if necessary, the configuration requirements on an assigned cell element field which is managed only by the particular sequencer structure and/or such requirements may be issued to a configuration master unit to ensure that there is uniform occupancy of all cell element fields. This therefore results in a quasi-subprogram call by transferring the required configurations to cells or load logics. This is regarded as independently patentable. It should be pointed out that the cells, if they themselves have responsibility for configuration of other cell element field areas, may be provided with FILMO structures and the like implemented in hardware or software to ensure proper reconfiguration. The possibility of writing to memory cells while executing instructions, thereby altering the code, i.e., the program to be executed, should be pointed out. In a particularly preferred variant, however, this type of self-modification (SM) is suppressed by appropriate control via the function cell.
[0022] It is possible for the memory cell to send the information stored in it directly or indirectly to a bus leading to the function cell in response to the triggering of the function cell controlling it. Indirect output may be accomplished in particular when the two cells are adjacent and the information requested by the triggering must arrive at the ALU-PAE via a bus segment that is not directly connectable to the output of the memory cell. In such a case the memory cell may output data onto this bus system in particular via backward registers. It is therefore preferable if at least one memory cell and/or function cell has such a backward register, which may be situated in the information path between the memory cell and function cell. In such a case, these registers need not necessarily be provided with additional functionalities, although this is readily conceivable, e.g., when data is requested from the memory cell for further processing, corresponding to a traditional LOAD of a typical microprocessor for altering the data even before it is loaded into the PAE, e.g., to implement a LOAD++ command. Data conduction through PAEs having ALUs and the like operating in the reverse direction should be mentioned.
[0023] The memory cell is preferably situated to receive information from the function cell controlling it, information saving via an input/output cell and/or a cell that does not control the memory cell also being possible. In particular when data is to be written into the memory cell from an input/output cell, it is preferable if this input/output cell (I/O-PAE) is also controlled by the function cell. The address at which information to be written into the memory cell or, if necessary, to also be transmitted directly to the function cell (PAE) is to be read, may also be transferred to the I/O-PAE from the ALU-PAE. In this connection it should be pointed out that this address may be determined via an address translation table, an address translation buffer or an MMU type structure in the I/O-PAE. In such a case, this yields the full functionalities of typical microprocessors. It should also be pointed out that an I/O functionality may also be integrated with a function cell means, a memory cell means and/or a function cell means-memory cell means combination.
[0024] In a preferred variant, at least one input-output means is thus assigned to the combination of function cells and memory cells, whether as an integrated function cell and a memory cell combination or as a function cell and/or memory cell combination composed of separate units, the input/output means being used to transmit information to and/or receive information from an external unit, another function cell, function cell memory cell combination and/or memory cells.
[0025] The input-output unit is preferably likewise designed for receiving control commands from the function cell and/or the function cell means.
[0026] In a preferred variant, the control connection is designed to transmit some and preferably all of the following commands: [0027] OPCODE FETCH, [0028] DATA WRITE INTERNAL, [0029] DATA WRITE EXTERNAL [0030] DATA READ EXTERNAL, [0031] ADDRESS POINTER WRITE INTERNAL, [0032] ADDRESS POINTER WRITE EXTERNAL, [0033] ADDRESS POINTER READ INTERNAL, [0034] ADDRESS POINTER READ EXTERNAL, [0035] PROGRAM POINTER WRITE INTERNAL, [0036] PROGRAM POINTER WRITE EXTERNAL, [0037] PROGRAM POINTER READ INTERNAL, [0038] PROGRAM POINTER READ EXTERNAL, [0039] STACK POINTER WRITE INTERNAL, [0040] STACK POINTER WRITE EXTERNAL, [0041] STACK POINTER READ INTERNAL, [0042] STACK POINTER READ EXTERNAL, [0043] PUSH, [0044] POP, [0045] PROGRAM POINTER INCREMENT.
[0046] This may be accomplished through a corresponding bit width of the control line and an associated decoding at the receivers. The particular required control means and decoding means may be provided inexpensively and with no problems. As it shows, a practically complete sequencer capability of the arrangement is obtained with these commands. It should also be pointed out that a general-purpose processor data processing unit is obtained in this way.
[0047] The system is typically selected so that the function cell is the only one able to access the control connection and/or a bus segment, i.e., bus system functioning as the control connection as a master. The result is thus a system in which the control line functions as a command line such as that provided in traditional processors.
[0048] The function cell and the memory cell, i.e., I/O cell, are preferably adjacent to one another. The term "adjacent" may be understood preferably as the cells being situated directly side by side. "Directly" means in particular a combination of such cells to form integrated units which are provided repeatedly on the cell element field, i.e., as part of same to form the field. This may mean an integral unit of memory cells and logic cells. Alternatively, they are at least close together. The system of the function cells and memory cells in integrated, i.e., close, proximity to one another thus ensures that there are no latency times, or at least no significant latency times, between triggering and data input of the required information in the function cell, merely because the connections between the cells are too long. This is understood to be "direct." If latency times must be taken into account, pipelining may then also be provided in the sequencer structures. This is particularly important in the case of systems with very high clock rates. It should be pointed out that it is readily possible to provide cell units clocked at a suitably high frequency such as those known in the related art per se which are also able to access suitable memory cells with appropriate speed. In such a case, e.g., when architecture elements that are known per se are used for the function cells, reconfigurability of the function cell element and the corresponding interconnections must be provided. In a particularly preferred variant, the function cells, the information providing cells such as memory cells, I/O cells and the like are arranged multidimensionally, in particular in the manner of a matrix, i.e., on grid points of a multidimensional grid, etc. If there is a regular structure, as is the case there, information, i.e., operands, configurations, trigger signals, etc., is typically supplied to a cell from a first row, while data, trigger signals and other information is dispensed in a row beneath that. In such a case, it is preferable if the cells are situated in one and the same row and the information transfer from the information-providing cell into the required input into the function cell may then take place via a backward register. The possibility of using the registers for pipelining should also be mentioned.
[0049] Patent protection is also claimed for a method for operating a cell element field, in particular a multidimensional cell element field having function cells for execution of algebraic and/or logic functions and information-providing cells, in particular memory cells and/or input/output cells for receiving and/or outputting and/or storing information, at least one of the function cells outputting control commands to at least one information-providing cell, information for the function cell being provided there in response to the control commands, and the function cell being designed to perform the additional data processing in response to the information thus provided to thereby process data in the manner of a sequencer at least from time to time.
[0050] Sequencer-type data processing is thus made possible in a reconfigurable field by output of the control commands to the memory cell of the sequencer structure. The commands which may be output as control commands by the function cell permit a sequencer type operation such as that known from traditional processors. It should be pointed out that it is readily possible to implement only parts of the aforementioned commands but nevertheless ensure data processing that is completely of the sequencer type.
[0051] The present invention is described in greater detail below and as an example on the basis of the drawing, in which:
[0052] FIG. 1 shows a cell element field according to the present invention,
[0053] FIG. 2a shows a detail thereof,
[0054] FIGS. 2b, c show the detail from FIG. 2a during various data processing times,
[0055] FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the detail from FIG. 2,
[0056] FIG. 4 shows a particularly preferred variant of the detail,
[0057] FIG. 5 shows an example of the function folding onto a function cell-memory cell combination according to the present invention,
[0058] FIG. 6a shows an example of sequential parallel data processing
[0059] FIG. 6b shows a particularly preferred exemplary embodiment of the present invention
[0060] FIG. 7 shows an alternative to a function folding unit.
[0061] According to FIG. 1, a cell element field 1 for data processing includes function cell means 2 for execution of arithmetic and/or logic functions and memory cell means 3 for receiving, storing and/or outputting information, a control connection 4 connecting function cells 2 to memory cells 3.
[0062] Cell element field 1 is freely configurable in the interconnection of elements 2, 3, 4, namely without interfering with ongoing operation of cell element parts that are not to be reconfigured. The connections may be configured by switching bus systems 5 as necessary. In addition, the particular functions of function cells 2 are configurable. The function cells are arithmetic logic units extended by certain circuits that permit reconfiguration, e.g., state machines, interface circuit for communication with external load logic 6, etc. Reference is made to the corresponding previous applications of the present applicant.
[0063] Cell elements 2, 3 of cell element field 1 are arranged two-dimensionally in rows and columns, one memory cell 3 being situated directly next to a function cell 2 with three memory cell-function cell pairs per row, the function cells and memory cells being interconnected by control connections 4. Function cells and memory cells 2, 3, or the combination thereof have inputs which are connected to the bus system above the row in which the particular cell element is located to receive data therefrom. In addition, cells 2, 3 have outputs which output data to bus system 5 below the row. As explained below, each memory cell 3 is also provided with a backward register (BW) through which data from the bus below a row may be guided through to the bus above the particular row.
[0064] Memory cell means 3 preferably has at least three memory areas, namely a data area, a program memory area and a stack area, etc. However, in other variants of the present invention it may be adequate provide only two areas, namely a data memory and a program area memory, each optionally forming part of a memory cell means. It is possible in particular to perform not simply a separation of a memory that is identical in terms of hardware and is homogeneous per se into different areas but instead to provide memory areas that are actually separated physically, i.e., in terms of hardware technology. In particular the memory width and/or depth may also be adapted to the particular requirements. When a memory is designed in such a way that it has a program area and a data area in operation, it is preferable to design this memory, i.e., memory area for simultaneous access to data and program memory areas, e.g., as a dual port memory. It may also be possible to provide closely connected memory areas, in particular within a memory cell means-function cell means combination formed into an integrated area as a pure cache memory into which data from remote memory sites is preloaded for rapid access during data processing.
[0065] Except for control connections 4 and the particular circuits within the function cells (ALU in FIG. 2) and/or memory cells (RAM in FIG. 2), the cell element field for data processing in FIG. 1 is a traditional cell element field such as that which is known and conventional with reconfigurable data processing systems, e.g., a VPU according to XPP technology of the present applicant. In particular, the cell element field of FIG. 1 may be operated in the known way, so it has the corresponding circuits for wave reconfiguration, for debugging, transferring trigger signals, etc.
[0066] The first distinguishing features of the cell element field of the present invention are derived from control connection 4 and the corresponding circuit, which are described in greater detail below with reference to FIGS. 2a through 2c. It should be pointed out that whereas in FIG. 1, a control connection 4 always leads from a function cell element located farther to the left to a memory cell located farther to the right, specifically only and exactly to one such memory cell, it is also plausibly possible to provide a configurable interconnection for the control lines to be able to address either memory cells situated elsewhere and/or more than one memory cell, if necessary, when there is a great memory demand for information to be received, stored and/or output by the memory cells. For reasons of comprehensibility, however, only individual control connections which are provided in a fixed manner are referred to in FIGS. 1 and 2, which greatly simplifies understanding of the present invention. The control connection is also substitutable if necessary by traditional lines, assuming the proper protocols are available.
[0067] FIG. 2 shows function cell 2 as an ALU and function cell 3 as a RAM. Above the row in which the cells are located runs bus 5a, connecting backward register 3a mentioned above to inputs 3b of the memory cell and 2b of the ALU. The bus system running below the cell is labeled as 5c and only the relevant segments of bus system 5a, 5b are shown here. It is apparent that bus system 5b alternatively receives data from an output 2c of ALU 2, an output 3c of RAM 3 and carries data into input 3a1 of the backward register.
[0068] ALU 2 at the same time has additional inputs and outputs 2a1, 2a2 which may be connected to other bus segments and over which the ALU receives data such as operands and outputs results.
[0069] Control connection 4 is permanently under control of the extended circuits of the ALU and represents here a connection over which a plurality of bits may be transferred. The width of control connection 4 is selected so that at least the following control commands may be transmitted to the memory cell: DATA WRITE, DATA READ, ADDRESS POINTER WRITE, ADDRESS POINTER READ, PROGRAM POINTER WRITE, PROGRAM POINTER READ, PROGRAM POINTER INCREMENT, STACK POINTER WRITE, STACK POINTER READ, PUSH, POP. Memory cell 3 at the same time has at least three memory areas, namely a stack area, a heap area and a program area. Each area is assigned its own pointer via which it is determined to which area of the stack, the heap and the program area there will be read or write access in each case.
[0070] Bus 5a is used jointly by units 2 and 3 in time multiplex. This is indicated in FIGS. 2b, 2c. FIG. 2b illustrates a situation in which data may be sent from output 2a2 of ALU-PAE to the input of the RAM cell via the backward register, whereas the concurrently existing but unused connection between output 3c of the RAM to bus 5b and the connection between the output of backward register BW to input 2b of the ALU-PAE at the point in time of FIG. 2b is of no importance, which is why this is indicated with dashed lines. In contrast, FIG. 2c shows a point in time at which memory cell 3 supplies information via its output 3c and the backward register to input 2b of ALU-PAE 2 from the stack, heap or program memory area via control line 4, while the output of ALU-PAE 2c is inactive and no signal is received at input 3b of the RAM-PAE. For this reason, the corresponding connections are indicated with dash-dot lines and are thus depicted as being inactive.
[0071] Within RAM cell 3, a circuit 3d is provided in which the information received via control line 4 and/or control line bus segment 4 is decoded.
[0072] The present invention is used as follows:
[0073] First, ALU 2 receives configuration information from a central load logic, as is already known in the related art. The transfer of information may take place in a manner known per se using the RDY/ACK protocol and the like. Reference is made to the possibility of providing a FILMO memory, etc., with the load logic to permit a proper configuration of the system.
[0074] Simultaneously with the data for configuring ALU 2, a series of data is transmitted from the load logic, representing a program, i.e., program part to be executed in the manner of a sequencer. Reference is made in this regard only as an example to FIG. 6a in which the HUFFMANN coding is depicted as a central sequential part of an MPEG4 coding which is performed in the manner of data flow per se. The ALU therefore outputs a corresponding command to line 4 during its configuration, this command setting the program pointer for writing at a preselected value within the RAM. The load logic then supplies data received by the ALU over output 2c and via bus 5b1 and backward register 3a, the data going from there to input 3b of RAM-PAE 3. According to the control command on control line 4, data is then written from unit 3d to the program memory location indicated. This is repeated until all the program parts received by the load logic in configuration have been stored in memory cell 3. When the configuration of the ALU is then concluded, the ALU will request the next program steps to be executed by it in the manner of a sequencer by outputting the corresponding commands on control line 4 and will receive the program steps via output 3c, bus 5b, the backward register of RAM-PAE 3 and bus 5a at its input. During program execution, situations may occur in which jumps are necessary within the program memory area, data must be loaded into the ALU-PAE from the RAM-PAE, data must be stored in the stack, etc. The communication in this regard between the ALU-PAE and RAM-PAE is accomplished via control line 4 so that the ALU-PAE is able to execute decoding at any point in time. Moreover, as in a traditional microprocessor, data from a stack or another RAM memory area may be received and in addition, data may also be received in the ALU-PAE from the outside as operands.
[0075] The program sequence preconfigured in the RAM-PAE by the load logic is executed here. At the same time, command decoding is performed in the ALU-PAE as is necessary per se. This is done with the same circuits per se as those used already for decoding the commands received by the load logic.
[0076] At any point in time control line 4 is controlled via the ALU so that the RAM cell always exactly follows the type of memory access specified by the ALU. This ensures that regardless of the time multiplex use of bus elements 5a, b the elements present in the sequencer structure are instructed at all times whether addresses for data or codes to be retrieved or to be written is on the buses or whether and if so where data is to be written, etc.
[0077] The system shown with respect to FIG. 2 may be extended or modified in different ways. The variants depicted in FIGS. 3, 4 and 6 are particularly relevant.
[0078] According to FIG. 3, not only a backward register is provided on the RAM-PAE for connecting upper buses and lower buses, but also a forward register is provided on the RAM-PAE and forward and backward registers are provided on the ALU-PAE. As indicated by the multiple arrows, these may receive data from other units such as external hosts, external peripherals such as hard drives, main memories and the like and/or from other sequencer structures, PAEs, RAM-PAEs, etc., and send data to them. When an appropriate request command for new program parts from the sequencer structure formed by the ALU-PAE and the RAM-PAE is sent out, it is possible to process program blocks in the sequencer structure which are much larger than those storable in the RAM-PAE. This is an enormous advantage in particular in complex data processing tasks, jumps over wide areas, in particular in subprograms, etc.
[0079] FIG. 4 shows an even more preferred variant where the ALU-PAE communicates not only with a RAM-PAE but also at the same time with an input/output PAE which is designed to provide an interface circuit for communication with external components such as hard drives, other XPP-VPUs, external processors and coprocessors, etc. The ALU-PAE is in turn the unit which operates as the master for the control connection referred to as "CMD" and the buses are in turn used in multiplex mode. Here again, data may be transferred from the bus below the row to the bus above the row through the backward register.
[0080] The system shown in FIG. 4 permits particularly easy external access to information stored in the RAM-PAE memory cell and thus allows an adaptation of the sequencer structure to existing traditional CPU technologies and their operating methods to an even greater extent inasmuch as address translation means, memory management units (MMU functions) and the like may be implemented in the input-output cell. The RAM-PAE may function here as a cache, for example, but in particular as a preloaded cache.
[0081] It should be pointed out that multiple sequencer structures may be configured into one and the same field at the same time; that function cells, memory cells and, if necessary, input-output cells may optionally be configured for sequencer structures and/or in a traditional manner for XPP technology and that it is readily possible for one ALU to output data to another ALU, which configures it as a sequencer and/or makes it part of a cell element field with which a certain configuration is executed. In this way, the load logic may then also become dispensable, if necessary.
[0082] According to FIG. 6, two embodiments of the present invention are combined in one and the same cell element field, namely at the edges of sequencers formed by two PAEs, namely by one RAM-PAE and one ALU-PAE, and in the interior sequencers formed by integrated RAM-ALU-PAEs as integrated function cell-memory cell units, where it is possible to form only part of the cells inside the field as combination cells.
[0083] FIG. 5 shows at the right (FIG. 5c) a function cell-memory cell means combination.
[0084] According to FIG. 5c, a function cell-memory cell means combination labeled as 50 in general includes bus connections, i.e., bus inputs 51 for the input of operand data and configuration data and, as is preferably also possible here in particular, trigger signals (not shown) and the like and a bus output 52 for output of corresponding data and/or signals. Within the function cell means-memory cell means combination, an ALU 53 is provided as well as input registers Ri0 through Ri3 for operand data and trigger signal input registers (not shown). Configuration data registers Rc0 through Rc7 for configuration data, i.e., ALU code data, result data registers Rd0'-R3' and output registers Ro0 through Ro3 for results, i.e., trigger signals to be output. Registers Re and Rd for the configuration data, i.e., opcode data, are triggered by ALU 53 via control command lines 4 and supply data over suitable data lines to the ALU and/or receive result data from it. It is also possible to supply information directly from bus 51 and/or input registers Ri directly to the output registers, i.e., bus 52, exactly as information may be supplied from data registers Rd0 not only to the ALU, but also to the output registers. If necessary, connections may be provided between memory areas Rd and Rc, e.g., for implementation of the possibility of self-modifying codes.
[0085] Configuration data area Rc0 through Rc7 has a control unit which makes it possible to work in parts of the area, in particular in repeated cycles and/or through jumps. For example, in a first partial configuration, commands in Rc0 through Rc3 may be executed repeatedly, and alternatively configuration commands in Rc4 through Rc7 may be executed, e.g., on receipt of an appropriate different trigger signal over bus line 51. This ensures executability of a wave configuration. It should be pointed out that the configuration commands input are typically only instructions to the ALU but do not define complete bus connections, etc.
[0086] The unit described above, illustrated in FIG. 5, is designed here to be operated with a quadruple clock pulse, like a normal PAE without memory cell means and/or control signal lines 4.
[0087] To process data sequencer-style in a data flow in the function folding unit designed in this way, data flow graphs and/or areas according to FIG. 5a are created at first for preselected algorithms. Memory areas Rc0 are then assigned to each operation to be executed in the graph; incoming data into the graph partial area is assigned to internal input registers Ri0; the interim results are assigned to memories Rd0 through Rd3 and the output results are assigned to registers Ro. With this assignment, the graph area is executable on the function folding unit. This results more or less in a data flow-sequencer transformation by this hardware.
[0088] It should be mentioned in this context that it will be preferable in general to use the system of the present invention in such a way that first a data flow graph and a control flow graph are created for a data processing program using a compiler and then a corresponding partitioning is performed; the pieces obtained by the partitioning may then be executed partially or entirely on sequencer units such as those which may be formed according to the present invention, for example. This more or less achieves data processing in the manner of data flow progressing from one cell to the next, but effects a sequential execution within the cell(s). This is advantageous when the clock frequency is to be increased because of the extremely high computation power of a system to be able to reduce the area and/or number of cells. It should also be pointed out that it is possible to perform this transformation like transition from a purely data flow type of data processing to data flow processing with local sequential parts in such a way that an iterative process is carried out, e.g., in such a manner that first a first partitioning is performed, and if it is then found in the subsequent "rolling up" of the partitioned parts on sequencer units that the resources available on the sequencers or at other sites, for example, are not sufficient, another partitioning taking this into account may be performed and a new "rolling up" may be performed. If extensive use of the function folding units is desired, the number of registers may be increased, if necessary.
[0089] It should also be pointed out that the registers in this case may be interpreted as memory cell means or parts thereof. It is apparent that by increasing the memory cell areas, more complex tasks may be arranged in particular in a sequencer fashion but significant parts of important algorithms may be executed with the small sizes indicated and this may be done with high efficiency.
[0090] In the present example, the function folding units are preferably formed in such a way that data may be shifted through them without being processed in the ALU. This may be utilized to achieve path balancing in which data packets must be executed via different branches and then recombined without having to use forward registers such as those known from the architecture of the present applicant. At the same time and/or alternatively, it is possible for the direction of data flow not to run strictly in one direction in the cell element field through an appropriate orientation of a few function cell means, memory cell means, or function folding units but instead to have the data flow run in two opposite directions. Thus, for example, in each even row the ALUs receive their input operands from the left side and in each uneven row the ALUs receive their input operands from the right.
[0091] If data must be sent repeatedly through the field, such an arrangement is advantageous, e.g., in the case of unrolled looped bodies, etc. The alternating arrangement need not be strict. For certain applications, other geometries may be selected. For example, a different direction of flow may be selected for the middle of the field than at the edges, etc. The arrangement of function cell units of the same direction of flow side by side may be advantageous with respect to the bus connections. It should be pointed out that the arrangement in opposite directions of multiple directional function cells in one field and the resulting improved data processing independently of providing a control line or the like are regarded as inventive.
[0092] FIG. 7 shows an alternative to the function folding unit shown in FIG. 5.
Patent applications by Martin Vorbach, Lingenfeld DE
Patent applications by PACT XPP TECHNOLOGIES AG
Patent applications in class Interface
Patent applications in all subclasses Interface
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text:
Apple heart(break)s Samsung
Copycats. That's how Apple sees iPhone / iPad rivals. The main culprit and market share holder with its Galaxy lines, Samsung would have infringed no less than 10 patents, 2 trademarks, and 3 trade dress. As much as it hates suing a good client (Apple devices scream "Samsung Inside" from many angles), Samsung will file a counter-suit for less specific motives.
Nokia, HTC, or Motorola also have two-way legal battles with Cupertino, who also faces lawsuits from H-W Technology, or Robocast.
It's like a poke game : sue me ? suits me: I poke back. Forget hardware, OS, platform, or app wars : lawyer layer's all the rage now, and that's where innovation will come from...
Speaking of upgrades : LTE will be commercialized in July 2011 by SK Telecom and LG U+. Korea Telecom will follow suit (no lawyer needed) the following year : if they haven't decided yet with which infrastructure, they can until then rely on a strong nationwide Wifi presence to absorb the smartphone boom (unlimited wireless data plans include free access to Nespot). LG Telecom is probably eager to switch as quickly as possible to a more universal technology than the CDMA allowed by its own 3G license.
4G in SK ? 3G in NK ! On the other side of the DMC, North Korea's mobile market keeps booming : 430,000 subs EOY 2010, not much for a 24 M strong country, but quite big for a place with so few strong people. Mobility reaches far beyond the first nomenklatura circles : this is the place where not so long ago, only a few priviledged people were allowed to have a radio, locked on official frequencies. Here, suits to be feared are less of the law than of the military kind.
mot-bile 2011

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Published in The Guardian on July 11, 2011.
In 2003, the UK's Department for International Development (DfID) awarded Nick Hughes of Vodafone nearly £1m to develop an innovative mobile banking solution for Kenya's "unbanked" population. Within four years, Vodafone and Safaricom, the country's largest mobile operator, jointly launched a programme called M-PESA. The concept was simple: instead of setting up bank accounts or traveling long distances to transfer money, M-PESA would allow users to do it using their mobile phones.
M-PESA's take-up rate was unprecedented. Within two years, more than 20% of Kenya's population was registered for the service, and the scheme accounted for nearly a third of Safaricom's £150m profits. Today, DfID officials admit they "widely quote, perhaps even overquote" M-PESA as a shining example of how the private sector can make lasting change in international development.
In May this year, DfID decided to build on M-PESA's success by formally announcing a new focus on the private sector. In a report, they wrote that they will be devoting significant resources to "stimulat[ing] private investment" and "transform[ing] the business environment" across the developing world, with the ultimate goal of reducing poverty. Specifically, DfID will support the private sector to provide financial services, schooling, sanitation and other basic services in the 27 developing countries in which it works.
"We start from a position that says business doing business is making a contribution to society," Karen Johnson, private sector adviser at DfID, told me. She and the report's authors believe the private sector can create new employment opportunities and develop necessary goods for poor people across the developing world. It can also innovate quickly and do things "more efficiently" than other sectors.
DfID's optimism about the private sector seems absolute, almost unwavering. However, is it entirely warranted? Is the private sector really the most reliable player for supporting DfID's development targets, perhaps more than government or non-governmental actors? Will investing in the private sector unambiguously help people in the developing world to see lasting reductions in poverty levels?
The report makes only a slight nod to the potential risks of working with the private sector. It acknowledges in theory that private companies can "behave badly" or even "ignore the marginalised" – but does not detail the ways in which this can potentially occur. DfID says almost nothing, for example, about how private companies can create inhumane working conditions, harm the environment, or price goods out of the reach of poor consumers.
More fundamentally, DfID fails to mention how the private sector is not accountable to the public in the way the public sector is (at least in countries with a democratically elected government). In the "shining city" of Gurgaon, India, for instance, where the public sector has given much of its authority to private developers, the poor have been largely underserved. Sanitation and water systems are often not available for poor citizens – and private developers cannot be held legally accountable for not offering them.
Gurgaon is an extreme example, but most businesses will at some point make decisions that do not entirely fit with DfID's lofty international development goals. After all, private companies are answerable not to the general public but to their stakeholders. If, for instance, M-PESA decided to double its prices one day, the public would have little say in the decision – although they would be the ones most harmed by it.
Gavin McGillivray, head of DfID's private sector department, disagrees that the private sector is uniquely unaccountable to the public. "Limited accountability is something we encounter constantly," he told me. "NGOs aren't accountable to taxpayers, and there are many countries where governments, even democratic ones, aren't really accountable to the public." Given this reality, he continued, DfID is just ensuring that its money is being used to deliver "real outcomes".
Underpinning this attitude is a belief that governments have largely failed citizens in the developing world. "We have to realise that governments in most developing countries have done a miserable job in providing basic services for citizens," McGillivray said. "We suspect that the development community as a whole hasn't looked hard enough at non-state provision of services."
McGillivray's comments are quite bold given that developing countries were very much forced to look at "non-state provision of services" in the 1980s when the World Bank and the IMF introduced its structural adjustment programme, which actually reversed development progress in some countries.
An example of what DfID might invest in would be a private sector-led water project that provides safe water to ill-served communities. In the report, they give the example of Maji Ni Maisha, a community-based water finance scheme in Kenya. However, they do not mention how, if at all, DfID would ensure the poorest of the poor could afford this water, nor how they would ensure water is equitably distributed. An equivalent public option, while potentially imperfect in many ways, would be responsible for this much.
The private sector certainly has the potential to raise incomes and living standards of people across the developing world. But it also has the ability to exclude many from the benefits of economic growth. In this new approach, DfID must think critically about where the benefits of private sector involvement in international development might be outweighed by its costs.


text:
About Me
- Granmargaret
- Sydney, NSW, Australia
Welcome to my blog
Tuesday, 1 September 2015
A Bit More time to Craft anything goes blog challenge 3
and the winners can pick from Lozzy's lovely papers.
Precoloured digis from Whoopsi Daisy CD.
Hug Sentiment from Ginger's House blog
Butterflies, flower and be happy flower from Digital Scrapbooking Studio Choose Happiness set.
I hope you will go over to A Bit More Time to Craft and see the lovely work by the design team and join in the challenge.
I would like to add this card to:
Crafty Hazelnut's monthly pattern paper challenge - any thing goes with pattern paper
Fan-tastic Tuesday 101 - anything goes with the twist cute
4 comments:
nice cardReplyDelete
have a nice day
Thank you for joining us at crafty hazelnuts patterned paper !ReplyDelete
Good Luck and hope to see you again.
Fiki DT member
Thanks for sharing your lovely crafting for Fan-tastic Tuesday challenge 101 - hope to see you again soon, Hazel, DT - thanks also for entering this into my Patterned Paper September challenge xReplyDelete
Thanks for sharing your lovely card in Crafty Hazelnut's Patterned Paper ChallengeReplyDelete
Hope to see you in our new challenge starting soon too, Donna ☺
Thank you for taking the time to comment. I read them all and really appreciate your thoughtfulness.
I have had to put comment moderation onto my blog as I had some spam messages. I will approve messages as soon as possible.
Anonymous messages are not allowed on this blog.


text:
My favourite bumper sticker is:
A woman who strives to be like a man, has no ambition in life!
I met my husband there. He had a career there so I left and went into the corporate world. He finally left a few years later and started his own business. When we first started dating, we chatted about being christians, and how we had both back-slid and went the following Sunday to church and rededicated our lives to the Lord. We are both stubborn, neither of us wants to give in first at times but thank the Lord we have made it thus far. This year we are married 23 years and all the hard times we have been through have made our marriage stronger.
I am way off the point of my bumper sticker. What I have learnt about myself over the years is that I have no problem with my husband being the head of the home, spiritually or otherwise. I have no problem being a stay at home mom. I did in the beginning because I felt being at home was a burden to him. But he WANTED me to be at home! I think that my children are partly who they are today because they had the benefit of their mom at home. My mom worked full time my whole childhood. I can't say that I thought I missed anything. In fact, in the holidays, I could not wait for her to go to work so I could loaf around without her telling me to clean-up, etc. I have no problem submitting in general. I believe God gave us a voice, we are entitled to our opinion, but ultimately your husband, as head of the home needs to make the final decision as God holds him accountable. There are times when I fight my ground but its the same old problem I have always had. I defend, defend, defend, instead of letting God be my defence. So I make it worse. But thats a posting for another day.
There is power in being in the position God has for us as wives. In Elizabeth George's book, A woman after God's own heart, she says that she would rather take responsibility for following than for leading. God created our men to be leaders. And they are better leaders when we are better followers. There are those circumstances where that gets altered but I am talking of the norm. Also, there is a spiritual law that comes into play when you do things God's way, He blesses. He blesses you for your obedience, He blesses your husband for his obedience and He blessed your children because of your (plural) obedience. Maybe we don't see it straight away. Maybe you only see the benefits years from now. But God's way is the best and only way to be the best woman/wife you can be.
My encouragement to you is to enjoy living in a man's world. Its great to be a woman. We can wear a skirt or pants without raising eyebrows (although today its getting abit weird out there). But the ultimate prize is living life as a woman of faith in God's order as He knows best!
Prov 31 v 30: Charm is deceitful and beauty is vain, but a who who fears the Lord, she shall be praised.
god bless


text:
Deepening Vietnam-Italy strategic partnership
Friday, 2015-11-06 12:43:56
NDO - President of the Italian Republic Sergio Mattarella commenced his State visit to Vietnam on November 6 at the invitation of Vietnamese President Truong Tan Sang. The visit is an important political event, marking a milestone in the bilateral relations and contributing to deepening the Vietnam-Italy strategic partnership.
The Vietnamese people are delighted at Italy's achievements over the past. Italy's economy, which ranks ninth in the world, has an economic development model similar to the model employed by Vietnam, which includes a system of dynamic and effective small and medium-sized enterprises, contributing nearly 70% to the GDP.
Italy's investment abroad was lower than that of the European Union (EU) but has risen strongly since 2000. Since mid-2011, Italy has been heavily influenced by the public debt crisis and Italy's trade policy is currently fixed with the EU's general economic policy.
It is pleased to see that the Vietnam-Italy relations have achieved remarkable strides since the establishment of the diplomatic ties in 1973, particularly after the establishment of the strategic partnership in 2013.
Vietnam and Italy have carried out regular exchanges of high-ranking delegations, creating a driving force for the development of the strategic partnership with visits made to Italy by Vietnamese Party General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong in January 2013 and by Vietnamese National Assembly Chairman Nguyen Sinh Hung in March 2014 and visits made to Vietnam by Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi in June 2014 and by former Italian Prime Minister Enrico Letta in January 2015.
Italy was the first Western European country to actively support the strengthening of co-operation between Vietnam and the EU as well as the normalisation of relations between Vietnam and international financial, commercial and monetary organisations in early 1990.
Italian senior leaders affirmed their determination to promote multifaceted co-operation with Vietnam, giving priority to developing relations with Vietnam among ASEAN countries and considering Vietnam as an attractive destination for Italian enterprises until 2020.
Economic, commercial and investment relations between the two countries have seen new development steps. Italy was one of the first Western European countries to resume and develop co-operation with Vietnam after the 1979-1989 period. Two-way trade revenue has increased steadily in recent years with a bilateral trade revenue of US$4.08 billion in 2014. By August 2015, Italy ranked 30th out of 100 countries and territories investing in Vietnam with 66 projects worth over US$391 million.
Italy began to provide official development assistance (ODA) for Vietnam in the 1980s and has shifted the assistance to vocational training programmes, water resources management and small and medium-sized enterprises.
The two sides have also signed many co-operation agreements in the areas of economics, culture, tourism, aviation, crime prevention, encouragement and protection of investment among others.
In the past, the two countries also witnessed positive developments in culture, education and training co-operation. Each year, the Italian Embassy provides Vietnam with scholarships to study Italian and Master degree courses and opens Italian learning courses in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.
Nearly 4,000 Vietnamese people are living permanently in Italy, acting as a bridge strengthening the bilateral relations.
The State visit to Vietnam by President Sergio Mattarella aims to confirm the determination of leaders and the peoples of both countries to strengthen the strategic partnership in the areas of politics, diplomacy, economics, defence-security, culture, education-training, science-technology, and tourism and to create favourable conditions for Italian enterprises to invest in Vietnam, promoting the strengths and potentials for co-operation between the two countries.


text:
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- Depth 11cm
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Proenza Schouler gives the iconic black leather PS1 an eclectic update with ethnic-inspired gray embroidery. Match with a pleated skirt and cord blazer for a city look with cool-girl edge. This satchel is hand-embroidered and, as such, the pattern may vary from bag to bag.$$ Shown with Wolford tights, Michael Kors boots, Proenza Schouler skirt, Mulberry gloves, Miu Miu jacket, Duffy snood and J.Crew top.
- Black leather satchel with gray ethnic-inspired embroidery at front and back. Proenza Schouler bag has a handle with patent studs and a detachable knotted shoulder strap, fold over flap with lock and strap fastening, compartments at front, zipped compartment at back, inside zipped compartment, press stud at top to fasten and has signature lining. 100% leather.
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text: I have read & read trying to figure out why my pc won't see my droids wifi? I rooted the droid via z4root, then installed wife tether app.. .all went well. ..it works fine on the phone, shows wifi is on and working, but, my laptop won't see the wifi? I have tried other laptops as well to see if it is something with mine. ..but no luck. I have played with the different channels in the droid wifi settings, but, can seem to find the missing link. I feel I am almost there. ..need a little help! Thanks


text:
"Your name is Albert, your name is Matilde, your name is Mary, your name is Christian, and my name is Mikkel."
The better you know your team-mates, the easier it is to fit in – which is why a name game is a good way to kick off a training session when there are new players on the handball team.
At today's training session at the Vestergadehallen sports centre in Silkeborg in East Jutland, the Crown Princess and Mikkel Hansen were the new faces on the court. Joined by coaches and nearly 60 U8–U10 players from Silkeborg IF Handball, the pair were on court to talk about and demonstrate training exercises from their new joint initiative against bullying in junior handball, called Antibulli.
Antibulli consists of a mobile-friendly website with information, training exercises and activities that make it easy for junior team coaches to coach children in developing teamwork and community spirit alongside handball skills – and thereby help prevent bullying among 6 to 12-year-old players.
The underlying philosophy is that a strong team spirit and positive relationships among children prevent exclusion and bullying – and the aim is to create a highly tolerant culture in which everyone respects, speaks nicely to and helps each other, so that the club feels like a pleasant place to be, regardless of how well you play handball.
The Crown Princess and Mikkel Hansen participated in three training exercises with the children and explained why it is important to also focus on bullying and well-being during sport and leisure activities:
"We know from research that a significant percentage of children do not enjoy participating in sport and leisure activities. It's unfortunate because all children benefit from leisure activities – socially, mentally and physically. If a child is being bullied or feels excluded from the team, he or she loses interest in actively taking part in the club and loses out on the rewarding social life that comes with it," said the Crown Princess.
"Handball is about having fun and being part of a team, and bullying should never be allowed to stifle that. Unfortunately, many people don't understand how important it is to get on well with your team-mates – both for the individual's well-being and for the success of the team. A positive and inclusive team spirit makes playing handball fun – and it's easier to get good if you enjoy it," explained Mikkel Hansen.
The Mary Foundation and MH24 – Foreningen Mikkel Mod Mobning (Mikkel Against Bullying) organised the event, which was followed from the sidelines by about 300 U8–U12 players from Silkeborg IF and their parents. Silkeborg IF Handball is one of the five sports clubs involved in the pilot programme that informed the development of the Antibulli initiative.
The website, which in practice functions as an app, is supplemented with a Facebook page designed to make parents in particular aware of their role in helping their child thrive in their leisure activities and how they can support a healthy and inclusive children's community in their child's handball club.
All the materials are free and can be adapted to the needs and resources of each club. Antibulli has been developed in collaboration with the Danish TrygFonden foundation and Save the Children Denmark.
Antibulli combines experiences garnered from anti-bullying and well-being initiatives with experiences from the world of handball. The programme provides practical advice and includes exercises that can be incorporated into training activities for 6 to 12-year-olds.
The material comes at no cost and is easily accessible to everyone on antibulli.dk, where coaches can choose training exercises and activities that are appropriate for their particular team.
Antibulli recommends that the exercises and activities be incorporated into the existing training programme, so that the work on developing teamwork and camaraderie become a natural part of being a member of the handball club.
Via Facebook, Antibulli also addresses parents, who play an important role in helping to build a positive culture and strong team spirit.
The goals are:
- Increase coaches' awareness and knowledge of how to prevent bullying and inspire them to integrate activities and training exercises focusing on team spirit into their training.
- Increase parents' awareness of their role in making sure their child enjoys and benefits from leisure activities.
- Engender a community ethos and pride in belonging to a club where "the team spirit always wins".
Evaluation suggests a high level of satisfaction
This past autumn, Antibulli has been tested by U8-U12 teams and coaches in five pilot programmes in various parts of Denmark.
The research institute Oxford Research has since conducted a satisfaction assessment, in December 2016, based on feedback from the pilot clubs' coaches, parents and players.
The assessment indicates, among other things, that:
- Antibulli.dk is a relevant and useful tool for coaches – both new and experienced.
- The coach needs to take the lead role when it comes to preventing bullying in the team/club – although players and parents are also important.
- The format – a mobile-friendly website/app – works well, because it provides an overview and makes it easy to select and deselect training exercises.
Perspective on bullying
Antibulli is based on a perspective on bullying that defines it as a group phenomenon that involves and severely negatively affects not only the child or children being bullied but also the group of children as a whole.
As such, preventing and finding solutions to bullying must involve working with the entire group of children – as opposed to only the bullies and victims.
Bullying struggles to take root in teams where positive values and a positive culture flourish. Antibulli is based on the values: tolerance, respect, care and courage.
For more information, visit antibulli.dk (available in Danish only).
Facts about bullying and well-being in leisure activities
Although most children enjoy their leisure activities, not all of them automatically thrive when they are together in their spare time – and an unacceptably large proportion of them quit leisure activities altogether because they feel excluded.
Studies indicate that:
- Two out of every ten children who participate in a sport or other leisure activity have experienced becoming upset due to teasing.
- Three out of every ten children have experienced feeling excluded from their physical education classes.
- One out of every eight children in grades 3–5 has stopped participating in any leisure activity due to bullying or a lack of enjoyment.
Children who do not enjoy sport and leisure activities can easily become and remain overlooked due to the voluntary nature of participating in these activities and the ease with which a child can decide to stop if he or she feels excluded.
- De bedste redskaber er mennesker, der er til stede (The best tools are people who are present), produced by the Danish Center for Ungdomsstudier (Centre for Youth Studies) in 2015 on behalf of The Mary Foundation, Save the Children Denmark, the Danish Football Association (DBU) and TrygFonden.
- Study conducted by the Danish Center for Ungdomsstudier (Centre for Youth Studies) on behalf of The Mary Foundation and Save the Children Denmark, published in Børneliv, version 2.0 (The Life of A Child, Version 2.0), Ungdomsanalyse.nu, 2013.


text:
Billabong 3/2 Revolution Tri Bong Wetsuit Black Petrol Blue
The winter 2017 3/2mm Billabong Revolution wetsuit is the new and improved version of their core surfers suit. It combines all the key features a regular surfer might need in a high spec summer wetsuit at a reasonable price. Full spec below... All our wetsuits are dispatched in the UK FREE using DPD or Royal Mail's Special Delivery service (fully tracked with next working day delivery)
Billabong 3/2 Revolution Tri Bong Wetsuit Black Petrol Blue
black main body, ink blue shoulder/arm panel with petrol blue sleeve detail. Summer 2017 model Z43M04.
The Billabong Revolution wetsuit is the new and improved core surfers wetsuit. The 3/2 is ideal for summer through to autumn use. Features:
* New Evolution Chest Entry - This re-designed double sealed entry uses an inner 1mm panel with a smooth-skin neck seal to minimise water entry. This poppers down over the main suit opening, allowing a better seal while not restricting getting the wetsuit on or off. This inner system is then finished with the chest zipped yoke.
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* 100% Superflex Stretch neoprene
* Triple glued GBS seams with internal neoprene tape, to keep water out and you warm.
* Anatomical fit with strategic seam placement and pre-bent knee pads.
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* 3D supratex knees with pressed rear panels for comfort.
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text:
Gallery 504
Ruthie Becker is pleased to announce the upcoming grand opening of Gallery 504. Gallery 504 is Ruthie's own art gallery that will feature her own artwork, along with other artists in and around Kansas City.
"It has been a lot of work to get to this point, but this fulfills a life long dream" Ruthie recently stated. "Having my own space to display my art, and other artist's work, is very rewarding."
The gallery is located in the Crossroads Art District in Kansas City, Missouri. "Being in downtown Kansas City and part of the art district was important to me" said Ruthie. "The Kansas City art community and artists have been very supportive of me and my work, so I wanted to locate my gallery in the area."
For information on viewing or exhibiting, contact Ruthie at 316-390-0290.


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A woman on her first date makes a great first impression when she saved her date's life.
You can also learn how to save a life.
Learn "Hands-Only" CPR and how to help a choking person.
Attend a Family & Friends CPR/AED class.
Click here to see our when our upcoming classes.


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"The great pleasure of a dog is that you may make a fool out of yourself with him, and not only will he not scold you, but he will make a fool out of himself too." – Samuel Butler
Are Labradoodles smart? I've been trying to figure this out for the last year now, and I like to think yes, of course, since we have two!! But, honestly, I am still not sure.
Meet Cream Puff (Creamy) and Cocoa Puff (Cocoa), or, as my vet likes to call them, the Puff sisters. They are both seven year old Australian Labradoodles and they are littermates. Creamy was the runt of the litter and was matched by the breeder with Cocoa in order to have one dog as dominant. Australian Labradoodles were originally bred for blind people with allergies. They are supposed to be smart and have very good temperaments. My fiancé has had them since they were eight weeks old, and got them as perfect family pets for his kids and himself since he is allergic to cats and most dogs, and our dogs are hypoallergenic. They don't shed and they don't have any dander. When their fur grows they look like little sheep! (Here are 15 other great hypoallergenic dogs and cats!)
Are Labradoodles Smart?
A Labradoodle is a cross between a Labrador Retriever and a Poodle, and now there are multiple generations of Labradoodles that have Labradoodles as both parents. There are miniature, medium and standard size Labradoodles; Creamy and Cocoa are Medium size, right in the middle. They are the perfect size to cuddle with; not too big to push you all the way off the couch, but not so small that they assume they are lap dogs and try to climb up in your arms. My fiancé tells me that some of the family members wanted the small dogs, but he convinced them to get the medium size so the hawks and coyotes in Rancho Santa Fe would not eat the dogs!
They both are very friendly dogs, not sure if that converts to intelligence but it is a great quality of the breed! Whenever anyone comes home Creamy runs around the house as if she hasn't seen anyone in days! She leaps from across the room onto the couch and rolls all around on it joyfully. This article in Petwave about Labradoodle's temperament says, "Most Labradoodles like to jump on furniture and into their owners' laps, so prospective owners should be prepared to do lots of training if this behavior is not acceptable."
Our dogs have been professionally trained, but we don't mind them enjoying the couch to the fullest! But it still makes me wonder…are labradoodles smart?
Cocoa is the protective guard dog and likes to warm up to new people first before being overly friendly. Creamy has no guard whatsoever. Cocoa will bark if there is anyone at the door or in the yard, and Creamy will only bark if it sounds like a fun activity for the time being. We have an outdoor fireplace that is open on both sides. One side of the fireplace is by the built-in spa adjacent to the master bedroom, and the other side opens to the outdoor family area. No matter what side people are on, Creamy has no fear of jumping right up, in and through the fireplace to get more attention. Cocoa will wait by the gate in between for someone to open it, unless someone is doing something terribly exciting on the other side, such as eating chicken or petting Creamy a lot. When I first moved to San Diego, Cocoa would get through the fireplace but would be scared to jump from the ledge to the grass for fear of falling in the hot tub water. She would just stare at you from the middle of the fireplace and you'd have to coax her over to the side. Now she has no fear of crossing, but also not a lot of desire, so she saves her fireplace hurdles for special moments. Her laziness makes me think she isn't intelligent, when really she has just figured-out that her fireplace jump will only get her a small treat or pet, which in the end isn't worth the jump. Maybe she is actually quite brilliant.
A few weeks ago I was enjoying some time relaxing in the hot tub right outside our master bedroom and Creamy didn't see that the fireplace was turned on! She came around to me and started licking my face, and then I noticed some edges of her fur had been singed off! She was so determined to be with me that she had jumped through the flame! That's dedication! Not a wise move, but she definitely has drive and passion! Maybe that day she had watched a Tony Robbins seminar where he walked on hot coals?! She is always happy and positive, no matter how many times she gets in trouble for stealing socks out of our closets. How many times can she get in trouble for stealing socks before she is smart enough to know NOT to steal them?! I wish I had more of a carefree attitude like hers. Does a good attitude equal intelligence though?
Cocoa wants to learn, and she gets excited about learning. A few months ago we started teaching her to shake and after a few weeks of showing her, she finally did it! Now she is a pro and can shake with both paws every time you ask her to! She is seven years old, so if she can learn a new trick at this age (or even re-learn it if she knew the command as a puppy) she must be very smart. Creamy knows the commands sit and down, but has no interest in learning any new commands at all.
Creamy is smart enough to make the leap through the fireplace every single time, but Cocoa however, not so much. Today Cocoa was walking around the hot tub when suddenly she accidentally slipped and fell right in the hot tub! Fortunately for her, the heat was not turned-on. She was immediately soaking wet and she knew it. She didn't even try to jump out quickly. Instead, she made her way over to the stairs and walked out slowly. She knew what she had done, and she knew that she would be wet for a while. I laughed at her cute face, looking up at me wondering when she would ever be dry enough to be let back in the house. She definitely has her moments of silliness, like when she comes inside with 45 flowers stuck to her fur or when she sleeps upside down and starts snoring, but I think overall, our family Labradoodles are pretty smart dogs! I think.
Please share your stories about your pets with us!


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It happened last week. My 28th birthday. The big 3-0 is officially just around the river bend, but do you know what? I'm OK with it. I wouldn't ever want to wish my life away, but everyone keeps telling me that your 30s are your best years, and I can totally understand why that might be. I mean, you're likely to have more disposable income, you might be married and have started a family at this point, you've hopefully settled into a career that you love (but if not yet, don't worry!) but most importantly, the majority will be lucky enough to have secured an amazing community around them. Your "ride or dies". The ones you've cried uncontrollably on until you had no more tears left, and laughed so hard with you spat Diet Coke out your nose.
You know who these people are. As soon as you read that sentence, their faces popped into your head. You might've even cracked a little smile, remembering a funny story that will never cease to make you crease with laughter. These are your tribe, and you couldn't (nor would you want to) imagine your life without them. These are exactly the people who are meant to be in your life, and you in theirs. Your squad, however many of them there are, are exactly who you should be investing your time in.
"They are your "ride or dies". The ones you've cried uncontrollably on until you had no more tears left, and laughed so hard with you spat Diet Coke out your nose."
We have a tendency however to take these people for granted. We've gotten so used to them being present, we've kind of stopped making as much of an effort anymore. Note how I'm using the term "we", as I for one can definitely hold my hands up and say that I'm not the best at keeping in touch with people. I am quite busy and can find that the days just run away from me, but then I'll suddenly realise that I haven't spoken to one of my closest friends for well over a week. Truth is, we're all busy. It takes less than a minute to send someone a text to ask them how they are, or even better, arrange a coffee date to ask them in person. I'm trying to improve on this. It might be worth asking yourself when you last called someone up to see how they are.
Life can sometimes swallow us up, and I hate to break it to you if you're younger than me, but it doesn't really let up as you get older. Hours fly faster, days become more hectic and weekends come round again as soon as you've finished your Monday morning skinny, double shot, extra frothy macchiato. Make a conscious effort every weekend to see at least one of these people you thought of when you began reading this post. Life is really not about feeling like you do nothing beside work, it's about spending quality time with those who want to spend it with you also. Pick up the phone, and make a brunch date with someone for this week or weekend. Try and make a habit out of it every week, even if it's just popping over for a cuppa. Invest your time, you have more of it than you think.
"It takes less than a minute to send someone a text to ask them how they are, or even better, arrange a coffee date to ask them in person"
On the flip side, there are some people that will walk into your life whom you should definitely not invest your time in. You know who these people are as well, but you're maybe just a little less inclined to identify them. The players, the users, the ones who only talk to you when they need something. I'm sure a few faces have popped into your head. In short, if someone does not make you feel good when you are around them, you need to cut them from your life. Whoever does not serve you, does not deserve you. You should never come away from an interaction with someone feeling drained, slightly debilitated, patronised or unsettled. These are the people who do not belong in your life, and you should not waste any more energy on them.
Imagine you're stood in front of a vending machine. It contains your absolute favourite chocolate bar that you've been craving for ages, it's exactly what you want! You're excited as you pull change out of your purse and start pumping coins through the slot… Only to have them spat back out at you. You stand for a second slightly confused, and massively disappointed. You pick the coins up from the dirty floor, and pump them back in again. And again. And again. On each attempt you're no closer to getting what you want, but you keep trying. At some point it's going to have to accept you right? Just one last go. No. People around you are staring. You're looking a bit desperate, and you're highly embarrassed. You still want the chocolate bar, more than ever actually, but you've come to the realisation that you're not going to get it.
"There are some people that will walk into your life whom you should definitely not invest your time in. You know who these people are as well, but you're maybe just a little less inclined to identify them"
Moral of the story; don't put more into someone than you're getting out. Don't let someone spit your invested time and effort back in your face. Know who your tribe are, and know who are the broken vending machines. Your time and your "spare change" are very precious. Understand where you should be investing, and what the return on that investment will be. Last time I checked, you didn't need a degree in economics to work that out.


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Current Newswire:
Hands-on with the Ubuntu Touch Linux smartphoneFeb 23, 2013, 14:00 (0 Talkback[s])
The good news: Ubuntu Touch is a more compelling mobile environment, even in the first developer version, than I expected. It borrows heavily from other mobile UIs, including BlackBerry 10, the iPad, Android, WebOS, and Windows Phone, yet manages to feel like its own OS. It's much too soon to rate, but the OS is promising, for reasons I explain shortly.
0 Talkback[s] (click to add your comment)


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This OPEN BOX product you are browsing has been inspected by our certified technicians to ensure that it meets factory specifications. It is guaranteed to be in perfect working order but it is sold in "AS IS" condition (for example, the box may be torn, there may be cosmetic scratches, etc). Please contact us with any questions BEFORE placing an order. We accept PayPal and all major credit cards. We do our best to describe each item we are selling to the best of our ability. Bear in mind that the item is sold as-is.
Use the "contact us" page to request additional info or images on this product.
Celestron's C5 Spotting Scope is a 5" (127mm) aperture, 1250 mm f/10 Schmidt-Cassegrain optical system. Its optical excellence is the reason it was chosen by NASA for many space shuttle missions.
The C5 spotting scope is an ideal choice for the serious bird watcher, nature lover or anyone who enjoys beautiful views -either from your home or in the field. At just six pounds in weight and 11 inches in length, this spotting scope is a completely portable visual and photographic instrument that performs well in any viewing location. Further, Celestron offers a wide variety of optional accessories to expand the capabilities of this special instrument.
The C5's aperture of 5" allows it to easily outperform smaller aperture spotting scopes. Offering 4 1/2 times more light gathering ability than a 60 mm spotting scope and 2 1/2 times more than an 80 mm scope, Celestron's C5 is the clear choice when a powerful instrument delivering brilliant, crisp views is what you require.
The C5 spotting scope is a wonderfully versatile instrument, and its near focus of approximately 20 feet allows you to observe plant life, wildlife, birds or insects with ease. At the same time, the C5 can also be used as an astronomical telescope. In addition, the C5 goes easily from working as a powerful spotting scope to being a high performance 1250 mm f/10 telephoto lens.
Photography couldn't be easier, because the C5 is designed to be fully camera adaptable. To take professional quality shots with the C5, just attach the correct optional T- Adapter and T-Ring for your 35 mm SLR camera to the back of the C5 spotting scope, and you're ready to shoot. The tripod adapter block on the C5's tube makes easy work of mounting the instrument onto a tripod for either viewing or photography. The C5 comes complete inside its own soft sided carrying case.
General Features


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My YouTube Channel!
Publicada por Arith Härger / 4:37 PM /
Hello friends! I leave you here the link to my Youtube channel! That's right, I'm officially a youtuber now (I guess). Now instead of reading extensive articles written by me, you can listen and see me! (Oh the horror! D:)
I hope you enjoy my Youtube and I'm hoping to have your feedback! :D
My YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYac9irNGo3pSrvc_L8HERw
em 4:37 PM | Keywords: Arith, Arith Harger, Arith Härger, FAQ, Harger, Härger, Personal Thoughts and Experiences, Youtube, Youtube channel
2 comentários:
- Dulce Branquinho said...
Muito bem, seu youtuber!Já lá vou ver.
- February 10, 2016 at 6:17 PM
Hello, I am an American that is currently working his way out of the haze that is westernization and all things Abrahamic in origin. I'm tired of living wrong. I look forward to learning more about our ancestral ways. Please keep it up.
- February 28, 2016 at 11:54 PM


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Pho 99 in Bellingham, Washington
As you may have noticed I love pho! Pho is a Vietnamese noodle bowl. This is another place in Bellingham where you can get pho. This is the place we go most often because it is very close to where we live. The first time we went here we asked them if they had vegan pho. They said they did and that every bowl of pho has a vegan soup base. The vegetarian pho (Pho Chay) comes in either a small or large. A small pho is usually enough for me and it is only $6.75. It contains noodles, cabbage, broccoli, carrots, and tofu. It is served with bean sprouts, lime, jalapenos, and Thai basil. I love putting hoisin sauce on top! This pho is very good. They serve you free hot tea with your meal.
Vegetarians and Vegans can also get a vermicelli bowl with grilled tofu without soup and the vegetarian spring rolls. They also have fruit smoothies.
The people who work here are very nice! They remember you if you are a regular customer. If you are a regular customer you can get a punch card. If you buy 9 adult entrees you get 1 free.
The decor is old and it isn't the cleanest restaurant.
Pho 99 is open Monday to Sunday 10 am to 10 pm. They do not deliver but you can get take-out. They are located at 3503 Byron St. which is close to Western and Sehome Village.
*The 99 means that the restaurant opened in 1999.


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Were the Romans Different Than the Greeks
Yes. The Greek people felt that "Divine forces had guaranteed the triumph of right over wrong" after the victories in the Persian Wars. The Greeks reached "…a level of civilization that has rarely, if ever, been reached since—a level that has been a continuing inspiration to our culture." The Greek people lived a good life until they were conquered by the Romans.
The conquest of the Greeks "…ended the glories of the Classical Age…" but it also blended the Greek culture "…into the Western humanistic tradition." It was actually the Romans and not the Greeks "…who spread Greek ideas throughout the ancient world and thus down in time to the present."
The Romans constructed a "…world sufficiently at peace for ideas to have a place in it." On the contrary, the Greeks lived "…in a world of tension and violence" and could not even get along with other Greeks causing a war between them.
The Greeks placed emphasis on order which "…affected their spiritual attitudes." One of the most famous Greek proverbs was "Nothing too much".
The Romans had an enormous impact on our culture. They spread Christianity rapidly because the Roman emperors adopted it as the official religion of the Roman Empire. The Romans were "…modest about their own cultural achievements, believing that their strengths lay in good government and military prowess rather than in artistic and intellectual attainments." Music was not something the Romans were good at. They were good at "…absorbing and assimilating influences from outside and going on to create from them something typical Roman." One of the greatest legacies from the Romans is their architecture.
In today's world the Roman culture is "in fields such as language, law, politics, religion, and art." Our alphabet comes from the Romans as well as our calendar...
Please join StudyMode to read the full document


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Wide World Maps & MORE!
Seattle, WA Red Line Style All Streets & Highways Map
The 36" x 48" Red Line Style wall Map is an easy to read display with basic map detail. It is an excellent choice for applications that include drawing locations, territories, and other information on your map. The Red Line Style Wall Map with All Streets & Highways features all street detail as well as a clean white background that is essential for planning. This map comes laminated on both sides using 3mm hot lamination, which protects your wall map and allows you to write on it with dry-erase markers.
This map includes:
- All Street Detail
- Cities and Towns
- County names and boundaries
- Interstate/US/State Highways
- State names and boundaries
- 5 Digit Zip Codes
- Zip Code index with grid locator


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The furore over Indiana's 8th Congressional District seat continued last week - to the evident satisfaction of House majority Democrats and the equally obvious dissatisfaction of Republicans. There is still no clear winner of that seat, but apparently it will be filled early next week.
On Election Night last November, incumbent Frank McCloskey appeared to have won by 72 votes. His Republican challenger, Richard McIntyre, later was certified the winner by 34 votes, and a state-conducted recount indicated he had a 418-vote margin.


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March 26, 2017 at 2:04 pm /
I have used Ayam to create a model and can export it as a RIB file (with the "Display" command in the RIB file) so Aqsis renders and creates a .TIF file for viewing. How can I get 3DC to add the "Display" option to the RIB file so I can do the same as Ayam? I know how to do it by hand, but I don't want to have to edit every model.


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Babatsunian Olunkunle, arrested last October in connection with the small August 2009 Lady Bug brushfire in the Angeles National Forest, pleaded guilty in Pasadena Superior Court last week to one felony charge of recklessly causing a fire to forest land and on Friday was sentenced to two years in prison.
But with credit for time served and good behavior, said Los Angeles County Deputy District Atty. Sean Carney, the 26-year-old native of Nigeria was released from county jail on three years' parole and into a transitional living program.
Forest officials traveling on the Angeles Crest Highway just days before the Station fire broke out noticed smoke rising above the trees and extinguished a small fire about 100 feet from the road. Olunkunle fled the scene, leaving behind a bag of rice and a coffee can filled with water, according to Carney.


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Issue No. 01 - February (1992 vol. 4)
pp: 23-33
DOI Bookmark: http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/69.124895

Two important features of modern database models are support for complex data structures and support for high-level data retrieval and update. The first issue has been studied by the development of various semantic data models; the second issue has been studied through universal relation data models. How the advantages of these two approaches can be combined is presently examined. A new data model that incorporates standard concepts from semantic data models such as entities, aggregations, and ISA hierarchies is introduced. It is then shown how nonnavigational queries and updates can be interpreted in this model. The main contribution is to demonstrate how universal relation techniques can be extended to a more powerful data model. Moreover, the semantic constructs of the model allow one to eliminate many of the limitations of previous universal relation models.

universal relation data model; semantic abstractions; database models; complex data structures; high-level data retrieval; semantic data models; entities; aggregations; ISA hierarchies; nonnavigational queries; data structures; relational databases
E. Sciore and T. Chang, "A Universal Relation Data Model with Semantic Abstractions," in IEEE Transactions on Knowledge & Data Engineering, vol. 4, no. , pp. 23-33, 1992.