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Performance Routing FAQs
From DocWiki
Cisco Performance Routing (PfR) FAQs
Please let us know if you have any additions you would like added to this via the discussion page at: Talk:Performance_Routing_FAQs.
About Performance Routing
Q. What is Cisco® Performance Routing?
A. Cisco Performance Routing complements classic IP routing technologies by adding intelligence to select the best paths to meet application performance requirements. The first phase of Performance Routing technology intelligently optimizes application performance over enterprise WANs and to and from the Internet. This technology will evolve to help enable application performance optimization throughout the enterprise network through an end-to-end, performance-aware network.
Cisco Performance Routing selects an egress or ingress WAN path based on parameters that affect application performance, including reachability, delay, cost, jitter, and Mean Opinion Score (MOS). This technology can reduce network costs by facilitating more efficient load balancing and by increasing application performance without WAN upgrades. Traditional IP routing protocols such as Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Routing Information Protocol (RIP), and Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) generally focus on providing reachability by creating a loop-free topology based on shortest or least-cost path. Cisco Performance Routing adds intelligence to routing decisions based on measured application and network performance.
Q. Are There Any Case Studies or Success Stories with PfR?
A. Yes. Just recently in June of 2010 Cisco Inc. and SAS Inc. concluded a joint Case Study on their use of PfR. You can find this on the Cisco /go/pfr page under the 'Case Studies' heading. Here is a direct link to the document which is titled: Global Business Analytics Leader Reduces WAN Network Costs. Today SAS Inc. uses Performance Routing (PfR) to help ensure top performance for business-critical communications, while controlling costs.
Q. Where can I find the Performance Routing (PfR) documentation?
A. Today, we are designing part of our new PfR documentation strategy around the Cisco Docwiki server. We already have some basic and solution-type documents at PfR:Solutions. The new PfR command syntax can be found at [1], The feature configuration modules are documented for each release train. Cisco IOS Release 15.2M&T can be found at [2], Cisco IOS Release 15.1M&T can be found at [3], Cisco IOS Release 15.2S can be found at [4] and the Cisco IOS XE Release 3S PfR documents can be found at [5]. The old OER syntax documentation for Cisco IOS Release 15.1 and can be found at [6]. The documentation links can also be found at the PfR Marketing page.
Q. What is the difference between Performance Routing and Cisco IOS Optimized Edge Routing (OER)?
A. Cisco Performance Routing takes advantage of the vast intelligence embedded in Cisco IOS Software to determine the optimal path based upon network and application policies. Cisco Performance Routing is an evolution of the Cisco IOS OER technology with a much broader scope. OER was originally designed to provide route control on a per destination prefix basis, but Performance Routing has expanded capabilities that facilitate intelligent route control on a per application basis. The expanded capabilities provide additional flexibility and more granular application optimization than OER.
Optimized Edge Routing was first introduced in Cisco IOS Releases 12.3(8)T, and 12.2(33)SRB. Performance Routing is an extension of OER. The leading keyword PfR syntax was introduced in Cisco IOS Release 15.1(2)T.
Q. What are the two components of Performance Routing? What do they do?
A. Performance Routing has two logical components: the Master Controller (MC) and the Border Router (BR).
The BR component resides within the data plane of the edge router. The BR uses NetFlow to passively gather throughput and TCP performance information. The BR also sources all IP service-level agreement (SLA) probes used for explicit application performance monitoring. As the policy enforcement point, the BR receives commands from the MC to actively control routes through route injection or dynamic policy-based routing (PBR) injection.
The MC acts as the central processor and database for the Performance Routing system. The MC component does not reside in the forwarding plane and, when deployed in a standalone fashion, has no view of routing information contained within the BR. The role of the MC is to gather information from the BR or BRs to determine whether or not traffic classes are in or out of policy, and to instruct the BRs how to make sure that traffic classes remain in policy using route injection or dynamic PBR injection. The MC also provides an API for reporting capabilities.
Depending on your Performance Routing deployment scenario and scaling requirements, the MC may be deployed on a dedicated router or may be deployed along with the BR on the same physical router.
Q. In PfR terminology, what is an "Internal Interface" and an "External Interface"? Do the Border Routers (BR's) use the external interfaces for PfR Peering with each other?
A. A basic PfR definition for these is best described as follows. PfR expects traffic to be flowing through the defined Internal to the External interfaces or visa-versa. BR's will only Peer with each other over the Internal Interfaces.Media:Example.ogg
Q. What problem does Cisco Performance Routing solve?
A. As enterprise organizations grow their businesses, there is a demand for real-time application performance, and better application experiences for users. For example, voice and Cisco TelePresence® applications have become integral parts of business success. Performance of these applications is crucial to their successful implementation. In order to improve application performance, companies have typically deployed two common solutions: providing additional bandwidth by deploying more network connections (for example, through multihoming), and using application optimization technologies (for example, Cisco Wide Area Application Services [WAAS]). Additional WAN bandwidth may improve aggregate throughput, but may not improve delay or loss for critical applications. Application optimization technologies such as Cisco WAAS can improve performance with data-reduction techniques, but fluctuating network performance can still affect applications. Performance Routing addresses network performance problems by helping enable the network to intelligently choose a path that currently meets the performance requirements of a specific application. In addition, using cost-based link policies, Performance Routing allows the network to intelligently choose link resources as needed to reduce operational costs.
Q. What are the benefits to customers of Cisco Performance Routing?
- Bandwidth cost minimization allows enterprises to minimize traffic sent over expensive links or consolidate multiple flat-rate connections to fewer and lower-cost services.
- Automatic performance optimization reduces engineering operating expenses associated with manual network performance analysis and tuning of the routing infrastructure.
- Automatic performance optimization also helps ensure that mission-critical applications perform with the speed, availability, and reliability required for business success.
- Users can experience improved response time because Performance Routing can automatically detect and route around poorly performing paths using an alternate path.
- Due to the ability to actively detect and route around "black hole" conditions in the network, Performance Routing can minimize the effects of network outages.
Q. A lot of cases a customer has MPLS cloud with single provider and a backup cloud. How would you switchover from one to the other?
A. Cisco PfR Link Grouping is designed for this kind of application, with the MPLS groups as the primary link, DMVPN as backup group. See our Cisco Performance Routing Link Groups document for more information.
Q. Customer wants to use one provider cloud for one application and other cloud for other application, how would we do it using PfR?
A. By defining an application traffic class in PfR (one for each application), and then map the traffic class to a specific link group. This is the same way you would define paths for specific applications as well.
Q. What is the challenge with integrating PfR with other routing protocols?
A. The challenge is that not all routing protocols have the same level of usable information for PfR to work with. If the routing protocol data base doesn't have sufficient information, the information in the RIB is used (i.e., Protocol Independent Route Optimization (e.g. PIRO)). EIGRP has the concept of "feasible successor" that can be used as an alternate route. OSPF, on the other hand, only has one route in the routing table for a given destination, which forces PfR to use the parent route information in the RIB to satisfy its requirements.
Q. What are the newest features in Performance Routing (PfR)?
A. There are two new features recently released:
1. Protocol Independent Route Optimization (PIRO). You can find this in the Cisco Feature Navigator (FN) listed under "PfR - Protocol Independent Route Optimization (PIRO)".
Protocol Independent Route Optimization (PIRO) has introduced the ability of Performance Routing (PfR) to search for a parent route, an exact matching route, or a less specific route in the IP Routing Information Base (RIB). This allows PfR to be deployed in any IP-routed environment including Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs) such as OSPF and IS-IS since it is performing less direct specific control of the underlying routing protocols.
2. The next new feature allows PfR to Control EIGRP Routes with mGRE DMVPN Hub-and-Spoke Support, aptly named PfR EIGRP mGRE DMVPN, Hub-and-Spoke support. In the Cisco Feature Navigator (FN) this is named as "PfR EIGRP mGRE DMVPN Hub-and-Spoke support".
This new PfR EIGRP mGRE DMVPN Hub-and-Spoke Support feature has introduced the ability to inject routes into the EIGRP routing table, which allows Performance Routing (PfR) to control prefixes and applications over EIGRP routes. This feature also adds support for multipoint Generic Routing Encapsulation (mGRE) Dynamic Multipoint Virtual Private Network (DMVPN) deployments that follow a hub-and-spoke network design.
A. There are three keywords you should look for and those are "OER", "PFR", and "Performance Routing". Here is the list of PfR supported feature names as of July, 2011:
|FN Keyword
|Full Feature Name Syntax
|OER - Application Aware Routing with Static Application
|OER - Inbound Optimization thru BGP
|OER - Voice Traffic Optimization
|OER Border Router Only Functionality
|OER Port and Protocol Based Prefix Learning
|OER Support for Cost Based Optimization and Traceroute Reporting
|OER Support for Policy-Rules Configuration and Port-Based Prefix Learning
|OER VPN IPSec/GRE Tunnel Optimization
|Performance Routing
|Performance Routing - Link Groups
|Performance Routing
|Performance Routing with NBAR/CCE Application Recognition
|PfR - Protocol Independent Route Optimization (PIRO)
|PfR EIGRP mGRE DMVPN Hub-and-Spoke support
|PfR RSVP Control
|PfR Data Export v1.0 NetFlow v9 Format
Q. What Cisco Hardware Platforms is PfR supported on? What is the recommended hardware? Are there any PfR deployment guides?
A. See Below.
Q. What are the base hardware requirements for Cisco Performance Routing (PfR)?
A. Refer to Figure 1.
Figure 1. Cisco Performance Routing Platform Support
Q. What are the Classic Software Image requirements for Cisco Performance Routing (PfR)?
A. Refer to Figure 2.
Figure 2. Classic Cisco IOS Software Feature Sets
Q. What are the New Universal Software Image requirements for Cisco Performance Routing (PfR)?
A. Refer to Figure 3.
Figure 3. New Cisco ISR G2 Simplified Feature Sets (PfR is within the DATA Package)
Q. What are the Software Image requirements for Cisco Performance Routing (PfR) on the ASR1k?
- ASR1001: Use Universal Image (U or UK9) with Advanced IP Services (AIS) or Advanced Enterprise Services (AES) technology package license
- All other ASR1000 (ASR1002-F, ASR1002, ASR1004, ASR1006, ASR1013): Use Advanced IP Services (AIS/AISK9) or Advanced Enterprise Services (AES/AESK9) images
Q. Is there a feature matrix that lists the features with platform support and correlates them with the Cisco IOS Software releases?
A. Consult the table below.
Obviously certain release trains correspond to specific platforms as most customers already are aware of. For example, the SR and 15S trains are for the 7600 platform, the 15SY and SX trains are for the 6500 Series platforms, the Cisco XE train is for the ASR1000 Series platforms, and the mainline and T-trains are cross-platform releases.
Available starting with Cisco IOS Software Release 12.3(8)T, the Cisco PfR solution supports both the border router and the master controller functions. The following list show where new features and functionality have been initially added to PfR since its inception:
|IOS/XE Software Release
|PfR Feature Name
|Initial OER support
|Added VPN IP Security (IPSec) and generic routing encapsulation (GRE) tunnel optimization
|Added port- and protocol-based prefix learning
|Added support for policy-rules configuration
|Added support for cost-based optimization and traceroute reporting
|Added application-aware routing: Policy-Based Routing (PBR)
|Added active probe source address
|Added voice traffic optimization
|Added differentiated services code point (DSCP) monitoring
|Added BGP inbound optimization
|Added support on Cisco 7600 Series
|Added border router support on Cisco Catalyst® 6500 Series
|Added PfR - Protocol Independent Route Optimization (PIRO)
|Added PfR EIGRP mGRE DMVPN Hub-and-Spoke Support
|Added the new PfR command syntax
|Added PfR RSVP Control support
|Added PfR Data Export v1.0 NetFlow v9 Format support
|Added support for PfR Border Router features on Cisco ASR 1000 Series
|Added support for PfR Master Controller on Cisco ASR 1000 Series
|Added support for the PfR RSVP Control and PfR Data Export v1.0 NetFlow v9 Format features on Cisco ASR 1000 Series
You can also use Feature Navigator (FN) to precisely determine which features are included in specific releases on specific platforms of your choice.
Q. Is Cisco Performance Routing supported globally?
A. Yes, the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) provides worldwide PfR customer support.
Q. Can you name some of the PfR customers?
A. As much as we would like to show how successful PfR is today, we cannot disclose our customers names publicly without their permission. PfR has well over 200 Major known customers today and growing.
PfR Active Probing through Cisco (IP SLAs)
Q. Does Performance Routing require explicit IP SLA's configuration?
A. No; by default, Performance Routing automatically configures IP SLA's Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) probes for you. Depending on the type of traffic being controlled, you may want to use a different type of IP SLA's probe. For example, if you want to control voice traffic through Performance Routing using a jitter-based policy, you will need to explicitly configure an IP SLA's jitter probe and specify the target IP address of an appropriate IP SLA's Responder.
Q. Do I have to understand IP SLA's comprehensively?
A. No, by default the activation of IP SLA's and active monitoring using probes occurs without any interaction or awareness of the person configuring Performance Routing (PfR). The Border Router (BR) sends the IP SLA's results to the Master Controller where routing decisions are made based on the policy configuration.
Q. How does Performance Routing use IP SLA's active probing?
A. Performance Routing (PfR) can use passive monitoring, active monitoring, or both types of monitoring to determine the performance of prefixes on all possible paths. You can configure the IP SLA's probes to use system defaults or instead configure them in the following ways:
- If active probing is enabled, but no other specific probe configuration is created (using system defaults), Performance Routing dynamically sends out IP SLA's ICMP Echo probes to a subset of Netflow Top Talker destinations if you previously configured Performance Routing to build a Top Talker list.
- IP SLA's UDP Jitter active probe can calculate the voice over IP (VoIP) Mean Opinion Score (MOS) by measuring delay, loss, and jitter by generating simulated VoIP codec's as the probe.
Q. What is a Mean Opinion Score or (MOS) metric?
A. Mean Opinion Score - MOS is a Voice Call Metric which provides a numerical indication of the perceived quality of received media after compression and transmission. The MOS is expressed as a single digit number in the range from 1 to 5, where 1 is lowest (worst) perceived audio quality, and 5 is the highest (best) perceived audio quality.
MOS tests for voice are specified by ITU-T recommendation P.800. See the Wikipedia's Mean Opinion Score page for more information, or Cisco's Understanding Codecs section on Codec Mean Opinion Scores.
Q. What is the overhead for PfR IP SLA's Fast Probing?
A. PfR set in Fast Mode probes all possible exits all the time, which can add significant overhead in exchange for the faster path error detection provided. This can be useful in cases where critical application traffic paths must be maintained like VoIP or Video.
Q. If a customer wants to use Cisco IP SLAs to test and bring backup path up when the primary path goes down or Out Of Policy (OOP), can PfR help automate this?
A. Yes. Using PfR Mode Monitor Active, Mode Monitor Both, or Mode Monitor Fast will utilize IP SLAs under the covers automatically. Essentially whenever a customers chooses to use any PfR active mode, then yes IP SLA will be used to determine when paths or exit links are up or down.
Q. In PfR Active Fast Mode, why can't we just change the probe frequency to match fast mode? Why have another mode?
A. In PfR Active mode alone, PfR only probes the active exit alone and continues to do so until an out of policy event is detected on that exit. At that moment in Active mode, all the exits are probed to find and identify the next INPOLICY exit. In contrast to that, in PfR Fast Mode, all the defined exits are probed all the time (continually).
Q. I found something on the PfR wiki that seems to suggest multiple probes to same destination (different ports) is "better" than a single probe. Would someone be able to elaborate?
A. Jitter/UDP probe relies on control packet. If control packet is lost then no measurement is done. So if you only have one target and if control packet is lost then there will be no probe results. Now, if the link is totally unreachable or high loss it wouldn't matter. But if there is low loss then you would be better off having three probes. At least one other probe will succeed. It is okay to loose probe packet. The other thing is with the MOS. MOS is calculated for the entire probe. With one target you will only have one MOS value. With three targets you will have 3 MOS values.
Command-Line Interface
Q. Is Performance Routing (PfR) configuration complex?
A. Basic Performance Routing configuration using the command-line interface (CLI) is very simple, with most of the configuration performed on the Master Controller. For an example of a simple link-utilization-based Performance Routing policy, see Figure 3.
Note: The legacy 'oer' keyword is currently being deprecated and is replaced by 'pfr' in the CLI in Cisco IOS Release 15.1(2)T and Cisco IOS XE Release 3.1S. Optimized Edge Routing (OER) evolved into Performance Routing (PfR). OER represents the older technology that only optimized destination networks (for example, prefixes), PfR represents the newer technology that is application aware and much more flexible and powerful.
Figure 3. Cisco Performance Routing Configuration
Inbound Optimization
Q. Can inbound traffic be optimized?
A. Yes, Performance Routing can optimize inbound traffic. Performance Routing downgrades a non-preferred entrance by pre-pending BGP autonomous system numbers or by adding a community to external route advertisements associated with this entrance.
Q. When using the learn delay function, Performance Routing learns only prefixes that generate a three-way handshake during the learning period. Does the learn delay function learn only TCP traffic?
A. Yes, bidirectional TCP traffic is required to use the learn delay function of Performance Routing. The learn delay function is limited to TCP traffic, but throughput-based learning can be used for non-TCP traffic. Using the learn delay function, Performance Routing learns the top N prefixes with the highest delay values.
Q. Does learn delay learn the top N prefixes with the highest or worst delay?
A. Yes.
Q. In PfR, is "learning" done using passive or active monitoring?
A. When learning is enabled, PfR learns traffic-classes passively from data gathered through Netflow.
Q. When using learn throughput, Performance Routing identifies, through NetFlow, the top N prefixes that have the most throughput during the learn period. Does a learn throughput configuration allow Performance Routing to learn prefixes for which there is any sort of IP traffic?
A. Yes, unless learn filter is configured.
Q. Why does the learn traffic-class count not properly reflected via "show oer master"?
A. An access-list under a pfr learn list is not used for a filter. It is used to define the application signature. Applications can be identified either using port, protocol, dscp or any combination of it. Each entry in an access-list serves as a different application.
Here is the example. Let say all my voice traffic are marked with dscp ef and I have following range of prefixes at the branch office:
10.1.1.0/24 To 10.1.15.0/24
I want to learn and optimize voice traffic to this branch office. In this case I would configure the following items:
1. A Prefix list for filtering destination networks.
Prefix-list BRANCH seq 10 permit 10.1.16.0/20
2. Next an Access-list to define VoIP traffic
Ip access-list extended VOIP Permit ip any any dscp ef
3. Then Learn the VoIP traffic destined to Branch office.
Learn List seq 10 refname BRANCH_VOIP Traffic-class access-list VOIP filter BRANCH Aggregation prefix-length 24
With above config it will learn following traffic-classes:
10.1.1.0/24 dscp ef 10.1.2.0/24 dscp ef 10.1.3.0/24 dscp ef 10.1.4.0/24 dscp ef 10.1.5.0/24 dscp ef 10.1.6.0/24 dscp ef 10.1.7.0/24 dscp ef 10.1.8.0/24 dscp ef 10.1.9.0/24 dscp ef 10.1.10.0/24 dscp ef 10.1.11.0/24 dscp ef 10.1.12.0/24 dscp ef 10.1.13.0/24 dscp ef 10.1.14.0/24 dscp ef 10.1.15.0/24 dscp ef
Q. Can a Performance Routing Master Controller and a Border Router be configured on the same physical router?
A. Yes, although scaling issues in your network may require that the MC and BR be deployed on separate physical routers.
Q. When do I need a dedicated Master Controller?
A. If you need to control more than 1000 traffic classes, it is recommended that you configure a dedicated Master Controller. If you are deploying Performance Routing for a data center, we recommend that you configure a dedicated Master Controller. For small office or home office (SOHO) setups, it is acceptable if the Master Controller and the Border Router coexist on the same physical router.
Q. Does PfR have authentication (key-chains) between PfR Master Controllers (MC's) and Border Routers (BR's)?
A. Yes. See the PfR Configuration Guide that covers this concept quite well. Cisco IOS Performance Routing Configuration Guide, Release 15.2M&T for more information.
Q. In PfR terminology, what is an "Internal Interface" and an "External Interface"? Do the Border Routers (BR's) use the external interfaces for PfR Peering with each other?
A. A basic PfR definition for these is best described as follows. PfR expects traffic to be flowing through the defined Internal to the External interfaces or visa-versa. BR's will only Peer with each other over the Internal Interfaces.
Q. How do I use Performance Routing for performance monitoring when I only have one external interface?
A. Performance Routing is designed for multihoming, which requires a minimum of two external interfaces. However, Performance Routing can be configured to monitor application performance over a single interface by creating a second dummy interface, which will not forward packets. Use a Dialer interface for the second interface but do not attach any physical interfaces to the Dialer. The Dialer interface needs an IP address because Performance Routing checks that the interfaces are routable. The IP address assigned to the Dialer does not need to be advertised.
The following example configuration shows how to add a Dialer interface as the second dummy external interface to an existing configuration:
On PfR Border Router
configure terminal interface Dialer 1 ip address 10.9.9.9 255.255.255.254 end
On PfR Master Controller
configure terminal pfr master border 10.1.1.1 interface Dialer 1 external end
The following is an example Master Controller configuration after adding the dummy Dialer interface:
On PfR Master Router
pfr master border 10.1.1.1 key-chain key1 interface Dialer1 external interface Ethernet2/0 external interface Ethernet0/0 internal ! learn throughput periodic-interval 0 monitor-period 1
Q. How do I deploy Performance Routing in networks not running internal BGP (iBGP) within the enterprise?
A. To synchronize routing within the enterprise and take advantage of optimal Performance Routing routes, route redistribution into the local Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP; for example, EIGRP, OSPF, or RIP) needs to occur. Static routes injected by Performance Routing are tagged by an identifier that can be specifically redistributed. If you are running iBGP, BGP routes are usually not redistributed into an IGP. For more configuration details about route redistribution into IGPs, see the Setting Up OER Network Components module.
Q. What Performance Routing limitations exist on Cisco Catalyst® 6500 Switches and Cisco 7600 Series Routers?
A. In these platforms, due to architectural limitations with NetFlow on the EARL7 chip, Performance Routing cannot determine performance (delay/loss/reachability) characteristics from passive monitoring of TCP flows; Performance Routing can only measure passive throughput. Note that these platforms support active IP SLA measurements and throughput-based load balancing. In addition, Cisco Catalyst 6500 Switches support only Border Router functionality and cannot be used as a Performance Routing Master Controller.
Q. What does the "Disable hardware switching to enable netflow aggregation export in version 9 format" message mean? Do I have to disable hardware switching?
A. This is just an informational message. You do not have to disable hardware switching, and you can safely ignore this message. Performance Routing uses NetFlow Version 9 format internally, but the set of hardware you are running does not support NetFlow Version 9 export format. All this message is saying is that the platform cannot export version 9 when hardware switching. Note that while Performance Routing uses NetFlow for its operation, Performance Routing performance information is not exported in NetFlow export messages.
Q. Is Performance Routing VRF-aware?
A. No.
Q. Does Performance Routing enforce symmetric routing?
A. No, Performance Routing selects the best path based on real-time performance data. Symmetric routing is not always optimal. In an enterprise deployment, if Performance Routing is deployed on both ends of the network, it will select the best path in both directions. However, these bidirectional decisions are made independently and do not guarantee path symmetry.
Q. Will Performance Routing cause route oscillation?
A. Performance Routing has a hold-down period that prevents route oscillation. After the traffic class is rerouted through a new or better link, by default, Performance Routing does not change the route of a traffic class for a period of time known as the hold-down period. The hold-down period can be configured, and the default is 300 seconds. The only exception to the rule occurs if the traffic class becomes unreachable prior to the completion of the hold-down period.
Q. How are Performance Routing system logging (syslog) messages formatted?
Sep 22 11:27:14.990: %OER_MC-5-NOTICE: Route changed Prefix 188.8.131.52/26, BR 126.96.36.199, i/f Et2/0, Reason Non-OER, OOP Reason None
Sep 22 11:27:32.042: %OER_MC-5-NOTICE: Route changed Prefix 220.127.116.11/26, BR 188.8.131.52, i/f Et2/0, Reason Delay, OOP Reason Timer Expired
Sep 22 11:27:52.242: %OER_MC-5-NOTICE: Prefix Learning WRITING DATA
Sep 22 11:29:55.350: %OER_MC-5-NOTICE: Prefix Learning STARTED
Sep 22 11:30:56.226: %OER_MC-5-NOTICE: Prefix Learning WRITING DATA
Sep 22 11:32:59.434: %OER_MC-5-NOTICE: Prefix Learning STARTED
Sep 22 11:33:04.974: %OER_MC-5-NOTICE: Passive ABS Delay OOP Prefix 22.214.171.124/26, delay 451, BR 18.104.22.168, i/f Et2/0
Sep 22 11:33:04.974: %OER_MC-5-NOTICE: Uncontrol Prefix 22.214.171.124/26, OOP, mode select-exit good
Sep 22 11:33:59.018: %OER_MC-5-NOTICE: Discovered Exit for Prefix 22.214.171.124/26, BR 22.214.171.124, i/f Et2/0
Passive Monitoring (NetFlow)
Q. Does Performance Routing require explicit NetFlow configuration?
A. No, when Performance Routing is enabled, it automatically configures NetFlow for you.
Q. How does Performance Routing use passive monitoring?
A. For passive monitoring, Performance Routing uses many of the services built into the Cisco IOS Software including:
- Cisco Performance Routing builds a list of top throughput and top latency talkers.
- Based on the list of learned and configured prefixes, Performance Routing passively monitors TCP flags for traffic on every flow (of the current exit) to measure latency, packet loss, and reachability.
Q. Is the PfR Monitor mode specific to a policy? Would it override what's in the PfR global policy?
A. Anything defined in a pfr-map overrides the value in the global policy. If the metric is not specified in the pfr-map, then it inherits from the Global Configuration Policy that metric in it's place. So it is possible to use a pfr-map to contain both specific policy and global policy items at the same time, making it more simple to only enter what you need to override from the global policy, and no more.
Q. Can you please elaborate on : INPOLICY and OOPOLICY?
A. The INPOLICY and OOPOLICY (OOP) conditions in PfR are related to whether a traffic-class is within the parameters of it's current policy (INPOLICY) or not (OOP). In addition to traffic-classes, links can be INPOLICY or OOP. Policy parameters defined in a pfr-map override the global policy. If a parameter is not specified in the pfr-map, it inherits the value from the global policy.
Q. If the configured policy cannot be met because available paths are not meeting requirement, then what happens next?
A. Under such conditions, PfR is designed to un-control the prefix at that point. This will send the prefix, or traffic class, back to normal routing control. This is PfR's fail-safe default action.
Q. When does PfR monitoring actually start? Lets say am using external interface-1 , and that interface goes OOPOLICY (OOP). When does PfR start monitoring all the other available defined external links?
A. This depends on how PfR has been configured. If your system is configured for PfR Mode Monitor Active, PfR will start probing all of the available exits as soon as the OOP event occurs. Active mode includes mode monitor active, both, active-throughput, and fast. Once PfR locates a new exit that is in policy, the traffic is switched to that exit. At that point only the new current exit is monitored on a regular basis. In PfR Fast Mode, the system will probe all exits all of the time (continually), which allows route changes to be made very quickly (~3 seconds).
Q. When using link grouping and a link goes out of policy (OOP), can Performance Routing revert back to the primary link?
A. Yes, if appropriate link grouping is configured, Performance Routing can revert back to the primary link when the primary link returns to an in-policy condition.
Q. When using select-exit best with mode active or mode both, does Performance Routing also initially probe all exits to find the best exit and then only probe all exits again if the current exit goes OOP?
A. The configuration of select-exit best is independent of how often Performance Routing probes exits. The probing is driven by the timer, the state of the prefix, and an OOP condition. In active, fast, or both modes Performance Routing always selects the best exit. Select-exit best configures Performance Routing to control or un-control a traffic class if the traffic class is OOP.
Q. When using select-exit best with mode fast, does Performance Routing always probe all exits and, at each periodic interval, can Performance Routing move the prefix to the best exit if the identified best exit is different from the current exit?
A. In fast mode, Performance Routing always probes all exits (continually) to allow Performance Routing to reroute traffic quickly.
Route Control
Q. What is a parent route?
A. A parent route is a route that is equal to, or less specific than, the destination prefix of the traffic class being optimized by Performance Routing. The parent route should have a route through the Performance Routing external interfaces. All routes for the parent prefix are called parent routes. For Performance Routing to control a traffic class on a Performance Routing external interface, the parent route must exist on the Performance Routing external interface. BGP and Static routes qualify as Performance Routing parent routes. In Cisco IOS Release 12.4(24)T and later releases, any route in RIB, with an equal or less specific mask than the traffic class, will qualify as a parent route.
Q. Can you elaborate more on the Parent Route and why it's so important to PfR?
A. Yes. For any route that PfR modifies or controls (BGP, Static, PIRO, EIGRP, PBR), having a Parent prefix in the routing table eliminates the possibility of a routing loop occurring. This is naturally a good thing to prevent in routed networks.
Q. Which parent route IP routing protocols are supported?
A. BGP and static routes are supported in all current releases. With the introduction of Performance Routing Protocol Independent Route Optimization (PIRO) in Cisco IOS Software Release 12.4(24)T and later releases, any route in the RIB, with an equal or less specific mask than the traffic class, will qualify as a parent route. PIRO allows Performance Routing to be used with any IP routing protocol. EIGRP support was introduced in Cisco IOS Release 15.0(1)M.
Q. Can Performance Routing control a traffic class that is more granular than a network address? If yes, how?
A. Yes, Performance Routing can control applications that are defined using access control lists (ACLs), network-based application recognition (NBAR) application IDs, or fixed static signatures (Performance Routing has a predefined list of signatures). Performance Routing controls applications using route maps as part of policy-based routing. Route maps are automatically generated, and no user configuration is required.
Q. Is prefix splitting supported with Cisco Performance Routing? If so, how is it done?
A. Yes. Prefix splitting means that a more specific route is derived from a prefix (for example, splitting a host route [/32] from a /24 prefix). If you configure a /24 prefix to be optimized but Cisco Performance Routing finds only /16 route in the routing table, it injects a /24 route with the new exit link using the attributes from the /16 route. This injection affects only the internal routes, and this new information is not propagated outside the autonomous system. If you configure a prefix and Performance Routing finds only a default route for it (from any Border Router), the following occurs:
- If BGP is not running, a new static route is injected.
- If BGP is running, a new BGP route is injected.
Q. How does the Master Controller inject a route?
A. Master Controller-to-Border Router communication takes place through a Cisco internal mechanism that does not rely on an iBGP session between them. When the Master Controller determines the best path for a specific prefix (whether learned or user-configured), it sends a route control command to a selected Border Router that has the best exit. If an exact route (BGP or static) already exists for this prefix, Cisco Performance Routing either changes the local preference for a BGP route or modifies the next hop of a static route. If a route does not exist for this prefix but there is a super route or a default route covering this prefix, the Cisco Performance Routing Master Controller injects a route that matches exactly the length of this prefix (called "prefix splitting") by sending a route control command to the selected Border Router. The Border Router then redistributes this route internally with its iBGP peers.
Q. Does the Master Controller have visibility of the Border Router BGP routing tables that it controls?
A. No, the Master Controller does not have a copy of the BGP or static routing tables from any of the Border Routers it controls. The Master Controller does not need to run any routing protocols and is typically not in the data forwarding path.
Q. What happens if the Master Controller fails?
A. If the Performance Routing Master Controller fails, the Border Routers notice that their internal communication to the Performance Routing Master Controller is no longer active. The Cisco IOS Software in the Performance Routing Border Router determines which routes are under Performance Routing control and withdraws these routes, which restores everything back to normal routing. The network experiences the same performance that was occurring before turning on Cisco Performance Routing.
Q. Does Performance Routing support the notion of redundant Master Controllers?
A. Yes, redundant Master Controllers can be deployed using Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP). Note that in this scenario, Master Controller failover is not stateful. When the Border Router learns that the primary Master Controller is no longer reachable, it will purge all Performance Routing-learned routes and restore itself to traditional IP routing. After the Master Controller HSRP switchover takes place, the Master Controller-to-Border Router communication is restored, and the system will restart the Performance Routing learning process.
Q. How does PfR verify that the application is reachable?
A. PfR must have a successful probe completion to the destination prefix or network where the application is being hosted (prefix reachability); For Application reachability, the PfR Master Controller (MC) needs to detect that there is bidirectional traffic for a given application before it can be considered reachable.
Q. How is CPU utilization affected when Performance Routing is enabled?
A. This depends on the existing CPU load and the number of active traffic classes that are controlled.
Q. How many Border Routers are supported, and how many exits in total?
A. A total of 10 Border Routers and 20 exits per Border Router are supported on any one Master Controller for a combined total of up to 200 Interfaces or Exits.
Traffic Class Optimization
Q. How does PfR Profile Traffic Classes?
A. PfR Traffic Class Profiling must be done before optimizing traffic. In order to do this PfR must learn of the traffic classes by monitoring the traffic flowing through the border router(s). To optimize traffic routing, subsets of the total traffic must be identified, and these traffic subsets are named traffic classes. The list of traffic classes entries is named a Monitored Traffic Class (MTC) list. The entries in the MTC list can be profiled either by automatically learning the traffic flowing through the device or by manually configuring the traffic classes. Learned and configured traffic classes can both exist in the MTC list at the same time. The PfR profile phase includes both the learn mechanism and the configure mechanism.
For more information on this subject, please see our Using Performance Routing to Profile Traffic Classes document on Cisco.com.
Q. How does PfR "Select the best traffic class" based on variance or priority and what is the elimination process for selecting this path?
A. The concept of variance in PfR is similar in implementation to the variance keyword that enables EIGRP to install multiple unequal cost routes in the local routing table. Variance is a means to specify a range in which two unequal values are considered similar enough to be treated as equal.
In general in the context of PfR, variance is a percentage value ranged from 1-100. For example, if the lowest delay on a link is 23ms, and a 10 percent variance is configured, delay values from 23 to 25 (23 + 2.3 rounded down) will be considered equal.
Specifically in case of a delay metric, if an absolute threshold value is configured, and if the lowest delay is within threshold, the variance in delay will not be considered. Yet if the lowest delay is more than the threshold the variance will be considered. Thus variance works well with delay if the lowest delay is within the threshold. Variance also performs in this manner using PfR's loss, jitter, or MoS metrics as well.
For example, if the delay threshold is 100ms, and the 10% variance is configured,
case-a: delay_of_exit1 = 200ms, delay_of_exit2 = 210ms, => we consider both exit1 and exit2 within the policy, because both are within 220ms. Here, 110% of the lowest delay is 220ms, as you can see.
case-b: delay_of_exit1 = 200ms, delay_of_exit2 = 230ms, => we pick up only exit1, because exit2 is not within 220ms.
case-c: delay_of_exit1 = 10ms, delay_of_exit2 = 90ms, => we consider both exit1 and exit2 within the policy as far as delay is concerned. This is because both extis are within the 100ms threshold. In such a condition the variance isn't part of PfR's path consideration.
Q. Do I have to specify the traffic classes that are to be optimized?
A. No. The traffic classes to be optimized either can be specified using prefix-list, access-list, NBAR, or static application definition or can be learned in real time.
Q. If a traffic class is configured using an ACL with "any any" instead of specifying a destination subnet, is it supported? For example, "access-list 101 permit tcp any any eq telnet."
A. No, the default prefix cannot be learned, no passive statistics can be gathered for the default prefix, and route control cannot work.
Q. In a PfR System default configuration with a Aggregation-type prefix-length 24 defined, how is aggregation done for less specific routes in the RIB?
A. In PfR you can define what network boundary on which you wish aggregate traffic classes.
PfR Route Maps
Q. How is an application defined in PfR? How is aggregation done and defined in PfR?
A. In PfR, an application is defined by a pfr-map. A pfr-map defines the application by using an Access List, Extended Access List, or its Integrated NBAR features.
Q. Where and how are PfR Dynamic Route-Maps applied? Over which interface, internal or external, will the Dynamic Route-Maps be applied on the BR?
A. PfR Route-Maps will be applied onto the Internal Interfaces. For Dynamic Route-Maps to work, PfR requires a direct L3 connection, or a common subnet between the BR's. Without this direct connection PfR's PBR requirement will not be met and dynamic route maps will not function. You can also optionally use a direct L2 connection with a GRE Tunnel configured between the BR's Internal Interfaces to connect them as well in place of a common L3 subnet connection.
Q. In a PfR "PFR-MAP" , what does the associated number specify:
A. In PfR you can define a policy containing multiple traffic-classes. By using different sequence numbers you can control the priority. By default the lower sequence number will be the higher priority under that policy.
pfr-map MYMAP 30 <- what is 30
Note: The legacy 'oer' and 'oer-map' keywords are currently being deprecated and were replaced by 'pfr' and 'pfr-map' in the CLI in Cisco IOS Release 15.1(2)T and Cisco IOS XE Release 3.1S. Optimized Edge Routing (OER) evolved into Performance Routing (PfR). OER represents the older technology that only optimized destination networks (i.e., prefixes), PfR represents the newer technology that is application aware and much more flexible and powerful.


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Element Case makes some of the highest end, most exclusive, most luxurious iPhone and iPad accessories on the planet, and that's never been more true than with the Ronin for iPhone 5.
The Ronin FE blends CNC machined, aircraft-grade aluminum with ethically-sourced, renewable Ziricote wood offering a warm, lustrous finish and a soft, genuine leather backing for unrivaled style and protection unlike anything else in an iPhone case.
The Ronin features a wood and aluminum-blend frame completely encasing the iPhone 5's perimeter with in-line volume, mute-switch and power button controls. Its slim-yet-stylish curves fully engulf iPhone 5 in a comfortable, smooth and luxurious package offering full protection and stand-out style no other aftermarket accessory can offer. Inspired by the clean lines of the "Katana," or Samurai Sword, the Ronin bears its namesake for the legendary Japanese Samurai warriors with no allegiance to a lord or master -- thus the Ronin 5 lives in a category all its own.
I know they're drawing on Asian culture for inspiration, but to me the Ronin also looks like something straight out of the Hobbit or Lord of the Rings. It the kind of case Elrond or Galadriel would have born into battle and used to smite many a ruin upon the mountainsides.
But here's the best news of all... You can win one of your very own! All you have to do to enter is leave a comment below telling Element Case you want one! We'll pick one of you at random, announce the winner in our usual post next week, and Element Case will send you your prize.
And if you just can't wait that long run, don't walk, over to Element Case and order yours now!
Source: Element Case


text:
Malaysia Airports always ensures that the needs of all our passengers are well taken care off.
For our Muslim passengers and visitors, KLIA comes equipped with prayer rooms (surau) that are available at all levels of the Main Terminal Building, in the Contact Pier and Satellite Building.
There is also a Silent Room, which is especially dedicated for those looking for a quiet place for prayers or meditation.
Find on map


text:
A trio of Neosho natives now wrestling at the collegiate level recently made news on the mats with a pair of strong performances over the weekend.
A trio of Neosho natives now wrestling at the collegiate level recently made news on the mats with a pair of strong performances over the weekend.
Dallas Smith
Smith, a sophomore at Ouachita Baptist in Arkadelphia, Ark., repeated as the NCAA Division II Super Regional Champion for the second time in as many years, as he claimed a 7-2 win over the nation's No. 1 wrestler, Adam Walters from the University of Findlay, in the championship match in Ashland, Ohio, last weekend.
A former individual and team state champion with the Wildcats, Smith wrestles at 184 pounds for Kevin Ward's Tigers where he went 4-0 at the Regional Tournament, including two major decisions and a technical fall.
Payne Hatter
Another former Wildcat standout, Hatter, brought home fourth place at the JUCO National Championships and achieved All-American status as a member of the Labette Community College Cardinal wrestling team over the weekend. Wrestling at 174 pounds, Hatter, a redshirt freshman, fell to Garrett Miller of Rochester Community and Technical College, 7-4, in the third place match of the NJCAA National Wrestling Tournament in Des Moines, Iowa.
Hatter also helped his Cardinal stake claim to their second-straight national championship as they tied with North Idaho College with 120 points to finish as co-national champions.
Blake Stauffer
And who can forget one of the hottest freshman wrestlers in the nation in Blake Stauffer? A redshirt at Arizona State, Stauffer has steered his Sun Devils toward their goal of a 17th conference title by compiling a 21-2 individual record this season. Despite missing nearly a month to injury, Stauffer leads the team with nine bonus point victories, six major decisions and a .913 winning percentage.
At 5-foot-11, 174 pounds, Stauffer — the son of Mike and Val Stauffer of Neosho — began the season unranked, but quickly changed that and now finds himself no lower than No. 13 on any recognized Division I college wrestling ranking list. That includes his No. 13 ranking by d1collegewrestling.net, and No. 12 by both intermatwrestle.com and win-magazine.com. The NCAA also has Stauffer listed as having the No. 4 RPI in the nation entering the weekend.
He'll try helping his Sun Devils to a conference title for the 17th time in school history when they take part in the Pac-12 Championships as Wells Fargo Arena in Tempe, Ariz. on Saturday.


text:
Choose Your Own HD Adventure
Back in elementary school, I loved reading those "Choose Your Own Adventure" books. They'd begin like a normal book, but at the end of each page, you'd be faced with a decision that radically altered the story. "You discover a beautiful princess trapped in a dragon's lair. If you try and rescue the princess, turn to page .... If you cowardly skulk away, praying that the dragon eats the princess instead of you, turn to page ...."
Shopping for an HDTV can be just as adventurous. Will you find a salesperson who understands your needs? What size works for your room? Which technology is right for you? How much should you spend? And unlike a story where you can just start again from the beginning, the decision you make is one you'll have to live with for a long time. Choosing wisely will bring years of enjoyment watching beautiful images. Taking the wrong path can lead to disappointment and regret.
I've modeled this guide on the thought process I use when helping people to choose a TV. While it isn't an exhaustive list, you'll find options at the end of each path that will help narrow your search.
VIEWING DISTANCE Few people like to sit in either the front or back rows of a movie theater. When watching at home, the image should be large enough to be involving without being overwhelming. But defining "close" and "far" can be a Goldilocks proposition. Sitting 12 feet from a 60-inch screen can be too much for some people, not enough for others, and just right for the rest. To begin your HDTV adventure, take a walk down the Close path if you sit less than 10 feet from your set. If you sit more than 10 feet away, the Far path is your calling. If you're on the fence, here's a tip: smaller screens lie at the end of the Close path. Close | Far
CLOSE Sitting too close to a big screen can cause you to swivel your head like you're watching a tennis match. And it can be tiring, since you have to constantly move your eyes to take everything in. Also, depending on the type of TV, individual pixels can become distractingly visible. Sitting close usually means watching in a smaller room with few viewers. For these reasons, a 30- to 50-inch screen is probably right for you.
Sub $1,000 CRT direct-view TV The almighty picture tube is entering its golden twilight. And with all the emphasis on thin, it's likely that these bulky and heavy behemoths won't be around much longer. But for now, you can get one of the best pictures available at any price by choosing a CRT (cathode-ray tube) set. The biggest screen is only 36 inches (measured diagonally), but this isn't a problem since you'll be sitting close to the TV. JVC, Samsung, Sony, and Toshiba all make tube sets, with widescreen 30-inch models available in your budget!
$1,000+ Thin Is In With a little extra money, two paths lie before you. Down one is the higher-priced, sexier world of flat panels. Down the other are less expensive TVs that don't need a wall mount to feel good about themselves. So ask yourself: Is Thin In? YES | NO
Sub $2,500 42-inch plasma EDTV High-tech cool comes with a price, and you'll need to make some compromises to get a flat-panel set for under $2,500. To get high-def resolution, you'd have to settle for a 32-inch LCD set. For your close seating position, this might be big enough. But for the same price you could be watching a 42-inch plasma - a 30% larger screen - with "enhanced-definition" resolution. While this won't wring every drop of detail from HD broadcasts, DVDs will look fantastic.
$2,500 to $4,000 37-inch LCD or 42-inch plasma HDTV For years, the TV industry has been promising us sets that we could hang like a picture. Now that they're actually here, how can you not answer the call? And your budget lets you choose between LCD and plasma models. The "S" triumvirate - Samsung, Sharp, and Sony - all make large LCD sets, while companies like Hitachi, Panasonic, LG, Toshiba, and even computer-maker Dell offer plasma sets.
$4,000+ Flagship 42-inch plasma or 45-inch LCD Does a $5,000 watch keep better time than a $50 model? Maybe, maybe not. Does a flagship plasma or LCD look better than its budget counterparts? Almost always. With more money comes improved styling, better video processing, and more inputs, all producing a more refined picture. Check out plasma sets from Pioneer Elite, Hitachi's Director's Series, Runco, and Fujitsu, or 45-inch LCDs from Sharp and Samsung
Sub $1,500 34-inch widescreen CRT direct-view Tube technology has fully matured, and since the larger cabinet isn't an issue for you, why pay more? You'll enjoy spot-on primary colors, and, while most screen technologies can only go as dark as deep gray, CRT will give you an inky black. You also get all the resolution benefits of widescreen DVDs and true HDTV with a wide, "16:9" screen. Sony and Toshiba offer some excellent TVs in this price range.$1,500 to $2,500
CRT rear-projection TV They can be big 'n boxy, but you can't beat the value of a CRT rear-pro TV. The smaller screen size dictated by your viewing distance means you'll have a bright image with no visible scan lines when you watch HDTV programs, and you'll also get deep, deep blacks. Limit size to around 50 inches to keep the set from overpowering your room. Start with Hitachi and Mitsubishi.
$2,500+ DLP or LCD rear-pro TV The images on Digital Light Processing (DLP) and liquid-crystal display (LCD) sets are bright from nearly every seating position and razor sharp. Limit size to around 50 inches to keep the set from overpowering your room. You'll find DLP sets from Samsung, Toshiba, and Mitsubishi, and LCD models from JVC, Sony, and Hitachi.


text:
International operation targets online sale of illicit medicines
INTERPOL-supported campaign also alerts public to dangers of purchasing illicit medicines online
LYON, France – Some 100 countries have taken part in a global operation seeking to disrupt the criminal networks behind the illicit sale of medicines online, resulting in 58 arrests worldwide and the seizure of 9.8 million potentially dangerous medicines worth some USD 41 million.
As the largest global Internet-based operation focusing on illicit websites selling fake or counterfeit medicines, Operation Pangea VI engaged police, customs and national regulatory authorities to target websites supplying fake and illicit medicines, and to increase awareness of the serious health risks connected to purchasing medicines online.
Operation Pangea VI was coordinated by INTERPOL, with the World Customs Organization, the Permanent Forum of International Pharmaceutical Crime, the Heads of Medicines Agencies Working Group of Enforcement Officers, the Pharmaceutical Security Institute, Europol, and supported by the Center for Safe Internet Pharmacies and private sector companies including Visa, Mastercard, PayPal and Legitscript.
The week-long operation (18-27 June) targeted the main areas involved in the illegal online medicine trade: Internet Service Providers (ISPs), electronic payment systems and delivery services. More than 9,000 websites linked to illicit online pharmacies were identified and shut down, in addition to the suspension of payment facilities of illegitimate pharmacies and the disruption of a substantial number of spam messages.
"Transnational criminal networks are taking advantage of the Internet to deceive consumers into buying fake and often dangerous medicines with a wanton disregard for the health risks this poses to the unsuspecting buyers," said INTERPOL Secretary General Ronald K. Noble.
"Our partners worldwide have combined their efforts in INTERPOL's Operation Pangea VI to fight these organized criminal networks. Together, they are protecting innocent consumers by shutting down illegitimate online pharmacies, confiscating illegal pharmaceutical products and bringing criminals to justice.
"These are significant steps forward in safeguarding the health and safety of the public, and in dealing a major blow to the criminal groups behind the counterfeiting of medical products," concluded the INTERPOL Chief.
Among the fake medicines seized during Operation Pangea were antibiotics, cancer medication, anti-depression pills, food supplements and erectile dysfunction medication.
"The health and safety of global consumers is paramount and all efforts to protect them from the dangers posed by illicit medicines sold online are being vigorously pursued using the full extent of our collective intelligence and legal tools," said WCO Secretary General, Kunio Mikuriya.
"I am pleased that police, customs and national regulatory authorities continue to work closely together at both the international and national levels to combat this dangerous form of illicit trade, with the full support of our public and private sector partners across the globe," he added.
"Clearly, the excellent results achieved during Operation Pangea VI demonstrates the effectiveness of combining our respective competencies to tackle crime, in particular the growing trade in online sales of illicit and often dangerous pharmaceutical products," stressed the WCO Secretary General.
A dedicated operations centre at INTERPOL's General Secretariat headquarters in Lyon served as a central hub for information exchange among the participating countries and agencies, including a mobile office deployed by Europol which conducted cross-checks in close cooperation with their liaison officer at INTERPOL. As well as raids at addresses linked to the illicit pharmaceutical websites, some 522,000 packages were inspected by customs and regulatory authorities, of which 58,000 were seized.
"We can only bring an end to the illegal online supply of pharmaceutical products through collective and systematic international effort such as the Pangea operations. The dedicated and constant efforts of partners from all sectors are vital to protecting innocent consumers and ensuring that the Internet does not become a safe haven for transnational criminals," said Aline Plançon, Assistant Director of INTERPOL's Medical Products Counterfeiting and Pharmaceutical Crime Sub-directorate.
"Ultimately, we hope that by increasing public awareness of the risks associated with illegal online pharmacies, people will take greater care the next time they turn to the Internet to purchase medicines," added Ms Plançon.
To date, 175 investigations have been launched into a range of offenses including the illegal manufacturing, selling and supplying counterfeit or unlicensed medicines.
Investigations are ongoing, and the final results from Operation Pangea VI will be released upon their conclusion.
Permanent Forum of International Pharmaceutical Crime
Heads of Medicines Agencies Working Group of Enforcement Officers
Pharmaceutical Security Institute
Center for Safe Internet Pharmacies
US Food and Drug Administration
- Pharmaceutical Crime
Pangea V - participating countries
Albania, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo (Democratic Rep.), Costa Rica, Croatia, Czech Rep., Cyprus, Denmark, Dominican, Republic, Ethiopia, Estonia, Finland, France, Gambia, Germany, Greece, Guyana, Hong Kong (China), Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Kenya, Korea (Rep. of), Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Myanmar, Namibia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Northern Ireland (UK), Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Samoa, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Singapore, Sint Maarten, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Vietnam, Zimbabwe


text:
U.S. Sen. Bob Casey announced on April 1 that he has switched his stance and now supports gay marriage.
In the Associated Press article published April 2, Casey said that he changed his stance after "reviewing the legal, public policy and civil rights questions involved, as well as letters from Pennsylvania families."
Does this mean Casey took some time to research and made a stance on an important issue? No.
"Reviewing policy" just means Casey stuck his finger in the wind to see which way the wind was blowing.
A Quinnipiac University poll from April 1 shows that 50 percent of Americans favor gay marriage, up 3 percentage points since the beginning of March.
In November, when Casey was running for re-election, he was none too concerned with switching his stance to support gay marriage. Now that the topic has become a hot-button issue, he follows popular opinion, like he always does.
Casey is, always has been, and always will be a follower. He never steps out of line to make his own stance.
He said the things he needed to say and supported the popular opinions necessary to gain re-election in November, so he can enjoy six more years in the basement.
That is why our country is in the shape it's in. We don't have enough leaders, only followers like Sen. Bob Casey.


text:
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Ultimate contractors
THE COMPLETE SHOPFITTING & CONSTRUCTION SERVICE IN LONDON AND THROUGHOUT THE UK Commercial - Residential - Interior & Exterior Building Work All Types of Building work and Dental Clinics Carpentry and Bespoke furniture specialists Carpentry - joinery - dry lining all types of ceilings and partion walls - electrical - solar power - plumbing and heating - air conditioning - plastering - tape and jointing - painting and decorating - tiling - all types of flooring and much more Shopfitting and all types of building work carpentry-bespoke joinery-dry lining partition walls ceilings-plastering-painting and decorating-all types of wall papering-electrical plumbing and heating-solar power-air conditioning-tiling-all types of flooring. If you would like to view projects ultimate has undertaken or is currently undertaking please contact us on 0800 051 8446 and we will be happy to arrange a site visit. We also lead the way with our commitment to the environment we promote the use of green materials when appropriate with waste control systems and recycle whenever possible. Ultimate contractors was established in 1996 and became a limited company in march 2005 due to our consistent reliability and high quality work for well known shops restaurants and high street retailers, our team expanded from a group of 8 to a 43 man team full of experienced tradesmen and women who use the best tools for the job. We strive to provide you with the complete service. Whether you need a major project completed or a small refit our management and teams work together to fully meet your demands. Each program is meticulously planned with the client or architect and the project manager to ensure that it is completed on time and to the highest standard. Our teams have completed a wide variety of retail projects at competitive prices throughout the UK they have gained a reputation for their attention to detail and specialist finishes. If your in need of an experienced and dedicated team who can provide an immediate response to your changing needs, look no further than us. Since 2004, due to popular demand we started a residential division to provide services for suburban homes, mansions and stately homes. Our innovative techniques mean you can trust us to transform your property into a prized possession that stands out. We have developed new skills and gained vital experience working on commercial and residential projects around the UK. You can benefit from our experience to make your store look glamourous. Our team fit out commercial property working rigorously within a tight schedule so that you are able to trade as soon as possible you can also get tailor made bespoke furniture and joinery to suit the needs of your business we also work on many residential properties whether a flat, house, mansion, stately home in need of a make over or some tlc, our diligent and creative craftsman take care to respect the boundaries of your home and carry out the work with minimal disruption to you. We understand the impact a major home improvement project can have on a house hold and will go out of our way to minimise the disruption for every customer. We provide a highly professional service from start to finish and will work closely with you, advising and consulting on designs to meet your requirements. We will ensure that we provide the best possible deal for you, whilst not compromising on the quality of the service we provide. As members of the Home Improvement Guarantee/any deposit payable and all works completed by us are covered by an Insurance Backed Guarantee [valid for up to 10 years. The electrical installation with in any construction project forms a major element of the requirements of a client and indeed is the part which brings any residential commercial or industrial project to life. With over 15 years experience in electrical installation and design ultimate can offer a full in house service to provide you with the most suitable and cost effective installation. With an initial consultation with you we will then design and cost a scheme that will meet and in most cases exceeds your requirements. From working with major high street names, large manufactures and various government bodies we are able to solve most problems and carry out installation works to a very high standard. We take pride in keeping up to date with the latest technical innovations and continually strive to increase our knowledge of the industry. We can provide the following services. Electrical installation and design to BS7671:2011. Fire alarm systems design and installation to BS-5859. Emergency lighting design and installation to BS-5266. Maintenance packages and services. Energy monitoring and assessments Updated lighting designs incorporating LED lights and Dali control systems LED complete change over packages for your property with energy sufficient break down costings.
Professional, Friendly Design & Development We don't just give your what you think you need, We give you what we know you need. Appy Developer is a UK based development team with expertise in creating custom mobile responsive Websites, Mobile Apps, Logo Branding, Online Marketing and SEO for local businesses in and around the south east of England. Appy Developer don't just design and develop your vision... we will help plan, structure and brain storm with you to find the most effective way for you to move forward. We aim to give every customer a personalized experience along with a personal custom plan that fits YOUR budget, YOUR business and YOUR custom to drive your company forwards.
Ogar Technology LtdCertificate of Excellence 2019
OGAR TECHNOLOGY is a leading manufacturer of high-quality wired and wireless CCTV Equipment. All our Products/Services are ISO certified 9001:2015 & ISO 14001:2015, FCC, EC etc. OGAR TECHNOLOGY is Known for manufacturing, sales and installation of the best quality of Solar and Security Surveillance Products was established in the year 2015. The products range offered by us is includes Solar System, Solar Inverter, Solar Panel, Solar Pump, Street Light, solar deep cycle Battery, Surveillance systems, WIFI Surveillance Video Recorders and WIFI CCTV Systems and much more. Rendered by us in various technical specifications, these products are known for their longer functional life, application specific design and energy efficient. Being a quality focused name, the quality of these products is never compromised at our end. We take and complete the bulk orders of these solar & security products to our Vendor's specified location.
Greenhouse Graphics Ltd
Greenhouse are a graphic communications company with full commercial printing facilities at its premises in North Hampshire. Widely recognised as one of the UK's leading environmental print production centres with a host of awards, Greenhouse is one of a handful of companies accredited to the prestigious EMAS standard. Greenhouse has the latest H-UV B2 printing technology giving fast turnaround and amazing quality reproduction. The company also has roll to roll and flatbed UV printers for a wide range of signage and display print work.
C Bicknell Electrical Services Ltd
Solar Panels Network
Solar Panels for Homes Across the Whole of the UK. Recommended & Approved Solar Installers. Get The Best Deal. Free quotes.
Wall Electrical
Nordons Plumbing and Heating
At Nordons Plumbing and heating, our expert engineers respond to plumbing emergencies 24/7, 365 days a year. When we're not repairing boilers or fixing leaks, we're delivering a range of other services, like upgrading taps and bathrooms, replacing kitchen sinks and full kitchen installation also radiators and full central heating systems.
Bigness Property Maintenance Ltd.
Unless having gone through proper building maintenance, buildings won't be safe to be in and won't serve as a pleasant working environment. With defective cooling systems, insufficient space, garbage disposal concerns, janitorial problems, and other nuisances of sorts, improving your operations seems out of the picture. If you think repairs are in order, attend to the issue immediately. Rather than leaving it up to your own hands, coming forward and letting professionals shoulder the necessary work seems the more advantageous option. We are Bigness Property Maintenance Limited, the experts in buildings, conversions, extensions, refurbishments, and renovation. As a UK-based company, we can accommodate clients within one of our coverage areas. We are reliable, as our record can testify. Our team of employed contractors is outstanding; each one can work under pressure and still deliver satisfying results. For a range of building maintenance services, we can offer assistance. Trust us when we say we have your back. Air-conditioning and heating, brickwork, cleaning, construction, plastering, remodeling, waterproofing, and almost all building concerns are us to handle. We won't merely assess and complete an ordinary job; we're driven to come up with the most effective solutions. Instead of worrying about related concerns, you should just focus on increasing your productivity. That way, should you have intentions of expanding your business, you may concentrate on the work that you're cut out for. If you need help with building maintenance, turn to us for consultations. As we're on call 24/7, you can depend on us to be there as soon as possible. We're experienced so to us, you can forward even the most complex situation. If after evaluation, you prefer a better tactic in resolving your problem, talk to us. We are open to cooperating with you to deliver the quality of services that both of us can be proud of.
Zeljko Maric
Jem Energy LtdCertificate of Excellence 2019
Offering a wide range of renewable products to suit your energy needs. Friendly, informative and no hard selling. Solar PV Solar Thermal Thermodynamic Water Heating Systems Inverter Upgrade Battery Storage Solar Buyback
Spicer Electrical Services LimitedCertificate of Excellence 2019
Spicer Electrical Services is a family run NICEIC electrical installation company operating in the Bedfordshire, London and East Anglia. Specialising in all areas of industrial and commercial building refurbishment and dilapidation works, domestic installations, alarm systems, data cabling, testing and inspection we welcome the opportunity of providing quotations for all works large and small. Our team of Qualified Supervisors are available to provide quotations for any requirements you may have and we welcome the opportunity of meeting with you to discuss your project. If you require any additional information please do not hesitate to contact us by return.
Heppelthwaite, The Red Van Plumbers
YOUR LOCAL PLUMBING & HEATING ENGINEERS SINCE 1948 Heppelthwaite the Red Van Plumbers are a local family run plumbing and heating company based in Bourne End, near High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. Winners of "Which? Trusted Traders 2015" and recognised by Worcester Bosch as a Platinum level accredited boiler installer. We provide a comprehensive range of domestic and commercial plumbing, heating and renewable energy services which include emergency plumbing and general plumbing services, boiler repairs and boiler installations, Kitchen and Bathroom installations. Our plumbers and gas fitters (gas safe engineers) are fully qualified and experienced; they have tracked vehicles, mobile phones, tablets, branded uniforms and carry identification cards. The entire plumbing and heating service is transparent, and all work undertaken comes with a workmanship guarantee, product warranties and an aftercare service. For your piece of mind, we invoice after the work is complete for all standard services. www.RedVanPlumbers.co.uk / 01628 533 550
We are property management company. Have been providing building contracting services throughout London for the past decade. We believe we have the best tradesmen available anywhere in London. Decorators, Painters, Tilers, Plasterers, Plumbers, Bathroom fitters
home ltd
If you are looking for construction l services in your area, then Endline Ltd are here to help! Please contact us for more details. Kindness Eric
Marbleuk LTD
Interior design and natural stone specialist
The Switched on BrokerCertificate of Excellence 2019
Lovat Energy Savers - The Switched on Broker Independent commercial brokerage company that is dedicated to finding you the best value service providers in the UK. Our services include Energy, Telecoms, Water, Waste Management, Insurance, Merchant Services, Property Software, and Renewables We also have contacts and connections in many other areas, so happy to refer them on to you at no cost. www.switchedonbroker.co.uk www.lovatenergysavers.co.uk www.patma.co.uk
LRM Electrics
LRM Electrics deliver specialist skills to the electrical Building service industry including engineering design and supervision from conception to completion and ensure that the building services installed meet and where possible exceed expectations and commercial constraints. The company prides itself in being able to provide a service that is bespoke and individual to the client and their requirements. We can assist you in all matters in relation to electrical energy in and around buildings coupled with fully designed solutions and on-site supervision We works with builders and owners of property to deliver electrical project management of all sizes, always delivering the desired service be it design, report, consultation, installation and testing in all aspects of electrical service. As our approach is a holistic one we do not just focus on any particular electrical service, we also project manage, liaise with specialists, provide advice and guidance, assist with budgetary and life cycle costing, supervise contractors and witness testing and commissioning of electrical services.
SG Electrical Services
Electrical engineer
NEC Data and electrical
London Electrical
We offer a high standard electrical installation our aim is to meet customers needs and requirements taken into account there budget achieving customer satisfaction. I come from a lighting design back ground and have good knowledge of lighting and controls. I am a fully qualified JIB Electrician and have worked on some big projects in London.
Safestyle UK
Business overview Safestyle are the UK's Number One Supplier and Installer of Replacement uPVC Windows and Doors Safestyle are the UK's Number One supplier and installer of replacement uPVC windows and doors in the UK, we carry out thousands of installations each month across England and Wales, we're probably fitting a lot more homes in your area than you may have thought.
Ecobuild offers the industries best solutions for less! Triple glazed windows with steel reinforcement as standard, bespoke composite doors, bifold doors with leading 20 year manufacturers warranty and much more, Ecobuild aims to offer the best the industry has to offer for much less than our national competitors. Before making your decision, contact us for a friendly chat, we might have a different take on things!
Green Power Home Services
Renewable energy solutions, electrical work ,exclusive bespoke resin bound driveways and all aspects of solar panels installation and repair.
Cosmos Solar Panels Sun City
At Cosmos Solar Panels Sun City, Our professionals offers the best standard of solar system repair services. Get deals on solar installation services to offer. Contact us to request a free consultation appointment. Cosmos Solar Panels Sun City have team of certified, professional solar experts. We provide full system integration for commercial and residential projects for 24*7 in Sun City. Call us today.
Dollar Solar
Australia's best Solar Installer is now in the UK ( and Spain / France and Southern US States ) Thousands of happy clients Solar Installations UK wide - |residential - business or commercial
We are a creative agency located in London. We offer a full package of digital services to suit any requirements. All services are bespoke; which allow us to use the most effective strategies depending on the project. We create websites that are easy to navigate through and effective. We also offer marketing services to help promote websites and get you more customers.
Socket & Switch LTD
q-energy ltd
We are a family run NICEIC electrical installer , who is passionate in doing electrical work to the correct standards for safety of our clients and the electricity councils standards.
Wide range of domestic electrical installation.... CCU replacements FULL domestic house rewire....spot lights instalment...additional shower point ........kitchen under cupboard lighting.....scenic garden lighting.
We are a company that provides clients looking for domestic, social and work services with quick affordable solutions.
Green Power Home Services
At Green Power Solar we can cater for both domestic and commercial solar PV installations. All of our solar installations conform the highest possible standards. Green Power Solar installations are MCS accredited, meaning all our installers are qualified to install and configure your system to achieve maximum efficiency and to guarantee the maximum yield.
Kenley Scaffolding Access & Solutions Ltd prides its self on its total reliability minus the extortion prices charged. We have a wealth of experience spanning 80 years in the construction industry. We are fully qualified & insured undertaking all works respectfully and with consideration to all aspects. We cover all types of works from domestic to commercial scaffolding and cover London, Greater London, Surrey, Kent & Sussex.
Heating Quotes
Dedicated to obtaing three quotes for your central heating from local installers. Gas, LPG and OIL all available as well as renewables such as solar, heat pumps and wind electric generation.
Home Owners If your Electricity and Gas Bills are more than £80 per Mth Call Steve 07802 911944 for a FREE Home Energy Survey. We design and instal Domestic Solar Panel Systems
koin stage equipment co.,ltd
Koin Stage prides in being the caring and listening partner in meeting your custom power distribution needs. For instance, we understand the concern that many customers have any time they want a custom power distro box. We value your input on the kind of box that you want and the fine details that you want addressed. Since we appreciate that our customers have varying design needs, we take interest in getting your specifications right. That way we always deliver products that satisfy our customers. For all your custom power distribution requirements get in touch with us. We always deliver in time irrespective of where you are located.
Electrical Companies Saskatoon
There are more than a few good reasons to get the best Saskatoon electrician instead of just any licensed contractor. A single electrical short has been known to burn down entire buildings and take lives as a result (not good!).
Cleaning Company
Solar Panel Installers on Bark
We'll reach out to them as well as others, based on your requirements.
Within hours, sometimes minutes, they'll contact you on Bark.
Professionals value their reputation on Bark and strive to do a great job for customers they find on our platform.
Example Solar Panel Installation Barks
Is this a commercial or residential property?
Residential premises
What do you need doing?
Install new solar panels
Where would you like the solar panels installed?
Roof mounted on home
What system size are you looking for?
4 - 5kWp (average for domestic)
What type of panel are you looking for?
Monocrystalline (medium efficiency)
Where would you consider placing the inverter?
I don't know
What is the building's Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) rating?
I don't know
Is your building listed or in a conservation area?
Is the property rented or owned?
Owned outright
Which purchase method(s) would you consider?
Buy the panels outright
Any additional details?
sloped roof facing wsw + large flat roof available


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Overdye Black Dungarees
Everyone needs a pair
Made from hard-working denim with a touch of stretch for the perfect fit, this dungarees are a must in any wardrobe. They're seriously comfortable, with so many pockets (handy) and a tapered slim leg that are easy to roll at the hem. You new favourite pair? Yep.
- Stretch denim
- Slim fit with a tapered leg
- Adjustable buttons on the hips
- Adjustable shoulder straps
- Plenty of pockets
Product code: 936509
- Inside leg: 28.5" / 73cm
Care Instructions
- 91% cotton 7% polyester 2% elastane
- Machine washable
Returns Policy
Returns are FREE from anywhere in the UK (except during sale periods). Simply return your unwanted item within 30 days of receipt (full price), 15 days (for Sale items), unused and in its original condition with your completed returns form via any of the following ways:
To any FatFace store
The easiest way to return your item to us! Ask our friendly staff for an alternative item or get your refund processed straight away. You can return items to any of our 200+ stores across the UK and Ireland. Please take your despatch note with you as proof of purchase. Find your nearest store here.
By Post
Take your parcel to any post office with the Royal Mail free post label applied and your FatFace returns form enclosed inside. Always ask for proof of posting to ensure a full refund, even if your parcel gets lost.
You can take your parcel to any of the 5,800 participating convenience stores. Enclose your FatFace returns form and write your FatFace order number on the Collect+ label.
Find your nearest store at www.collectplus.co.uk/fatface
Asda ToYou
You can now return items at Asda stores using the ToYou service. Enclose your FatFace returns form in the parcel and write your name and FatFace order number on the ToYou label.
Find your nearest store at www.toyou.co.uk/locations
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Just a Little More Blud: Late Night with Conan the Barbarian
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About the Author - Jude Terror
Jude Terror is the Webmaster Supreme of The Outhouse and a sarcastic ace reporter dedicated to delivering irreverent comics and entertainment news to The Outhouse's dozens of loyal readers. Driven by a quest for vengeance, Jude Terror taught himself to program and joined The Outhouse. He instantly began working toward his goal of forcing the internet comics community to take itself less seriously and failing miserably. A certified trash eater ruining the pristine field of comics journalism with his sarcasm and goofiness, Jude Terror is secretly friendly and congenial, so if you've got a complaint, why not just bring it up to him instead of subtweeting like a jackass, jackass? You can find him on Twitter or try your luck with an email, but keep in mind that he is notoriously unreliable and may not get back to you right away. Unless you want to send him free stuff, in which case he'll get back to you immediately.
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Noodle Partners
We partner with colleges to bring high quality programs online,
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Man arrested for 'terroristic threats' on Facebook, police say
02/19/2013 7:20amA Layton man has been arrested for allegedly posting on his Facebook page a threat to stab people at Layton Hills Mall.
2 snowshoers rescued from Lone Peak Mountain
02/19/2013 8:00amTwo brothers were rescued from Cherry Canyon early Tuesday morning.
Senate proposes bill to fast-track prison relocation
02/19/2013 9:30amA bill on Utah's Capitol Hill aims to fast-track plans to relocate the Utah State Prison.
Board rules man acquitted of deputy's murder to serve 10 years
02/19/2013 12:27pmA Utah State Prison inmate who was acquitted of murdering a sheriff's deputy will serve his entire sentence with no credit for time already served.
TRAX train hits SUV in Murray
02/19/2013 12:29pmThe driver of an SUV was injured when he apparently turned into the path of a TRAX train even though crossing arms were down.
Space heaters blamed for $3 million fire in Lindon
02/19/2013 2:39pmBoxes of combustible materials stored next to space heaters has been determined to be the cause of a massive business fire here earlier this month.
Mayor calls for safer crosswalk after 3 injured
02/19/2013 5:49pmA crash that injured two elderly women and a 12-year-old girl has prompted Ogden's mayor to look at crosswalk safety precautions in the area.
Siblings searching for long-lost brother through social media
02/19/2013 6:20pmA Kearns family has been inspired by a recent trend in using social media to track down family members given up for adoption long ago.
Tuition credits on the line for BYU military reservists
02/19/2013 6:47pmMilitary reservists studying at BYU may lose thousands of dollars in tuition credits if the university does not sign a new Memorandum of Understanding with the Department of Defense over the Military Tuition Assistance Program.
Vehicles set on fire after alleged burglaries
02/19/2013 9:01pmFire investigators and police are trying to figure out who is responsible for a car burglary spree-turned-arson case.
Second person dies following Cedar City shooting
02/19/2013 9:12pmA second person has died from gunshot wounds following a shooting inside a house here last week.
Wildlife officials seaching for bald eagle killer
02/19/2013 9:39pmWildlife officers are on the lookout for someone they say shot and killed a bald eagle.
Man dead after dump truck veers over bridge in Provo
02/19/2013 9:57pmA man is dead after the dump truck he was driving Tuesday swerved off the side of a bridge, landing upside down on the street below.
Victim of distracted driving: 'two seconds' changed my life
02/19/2013 10:21pmDistracted driving: it's something of which we're all guilty, probably more times than we're willing to admit. Socially, it often seems acceptable. But legally, does more need to be done?
Air quality, health care, guns dominate talk on Utah's Capitol Hill
02/19/2013 10:30pmThis week marks the halfway point for the 2013 Utah Legislative Session. There are hundreds of bills proposed at the Legislature this year, and already a few of them have emerged as headliners. Soon those will transition to other important business.
2-year-old girl dies in Uintah County trailer fire
02/19/2013 10:32pmA short in a spliced extension cord sparked a fire Tuesday that killed a 2-year-old girl, according to investigators.
Police: Utah County horses 'suffered for an extended period of time'
02/19/2013 10:40pmA Utah County horse owner who was arrested on more than 100 counts of animal cruelty headed to court for the first time Tuesday.
Second wanted man ID'd in Midvale triple homicide
02/19/2013 10:40pmInvestigators have identified the second man they've been looking for in connection with a triple homicide.
After diamonds turn out to be glass, police look for scammer
02/19/2013 11:13pmPolice are looking for a woman who allegedly scammed another out of thousands of dollars.
Fertility problems may increase risk of cancer in children
02/19/2013 11:38pmA Danish study has shifted the focus from the affect of infertility on women to its implications for children.
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A skier killed in an avalanche Saturday in Paradise Bowl near Cameron Pass in north-central Colorado has been identified as former Durango resident Joseph Philpott.
Philpott, 26, and his friend Alex White, 24, were caught in the avalanche about 1:15 p.m. White was buried about three hours before being rescued and flown to the Medical Center of the Rockies, according to George Crocket, Jackson County coroner.
Philpott, White and two other skiers arrived at the Cameron Pass trailhead Saturday afternoon. Alex and Philpott continued up to Paradise Bowl, while the other two skiers headed in a different direction.
Philpott and White skied along the left side of the bowl to the bottom of the path, about 400 to 500 feet below the bowl's ridgeline, while a dog with the men trailed after. The two looked up to see where the dog was and saw the avalanche release, said Scott Toepfer, mountain weather and avalanche forecaster with the Colorado Avalanche Information Center.
White was unburied and flown to the hospital about 6 p.m. He is in fair condition today, said Kelly Tracer, spokeswoman for Medical Center of the Rockies.
There is currently no sign of the dog, Toepfer said.
Philpott was a junior majoring in forestry at Colorado State University, according to the school's online records. He is the son of George and Margo Philpott.
Philpott is the second Durangoan to be killed an avalanche this year.
Peter Carver died in a slide near Silverton in early February about 1½ miles north of Gladstone on Bureau of Land Management land outside the boundaries of Silverton Mountain Ski Area.
John Duncan Rothwell, 53, was injured in the accident, and Nate Klema, 23, escaped without serious injuries.


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Researching ROBERT WORTHINGTON B. ca. 1811, Indiana war perhaps three times (1) METILDA LAWRENCE, 1833; Alexander Co. Ill.; (2) RACHEL DEXTER 1841 Alexander Co. Ill.; (3) CATHERINE HAWES (nee CASTER) First two marriages only guess. On 1850 Pulaski Co. Ill, census, children per census ELIZABETH 1835, Ky.; LUCINDA 1841, Ky.; BENJAMIN 1845, Ky. and twin RACHEL; ROBERT 1847, Ky.; NANCY 1850 KY.; ROBERT WORTHINGTON 1855/56, Pulaski or Alexander Co. Ill: Merle Stevens, 1707 Third, Brownwood, Tex, 76801
Worthington Descendants – Vol 1, No 4, Page 7 Fall 1983 – Robert Worthington
7 Responses to Worthington Descendants – Vol 1, No 4, Page 7 Fall 1983 – Robert Worthington
Denise Chatham says:
I am also researching this family. I am descended from Robert's nephew, also called Robert.
Russ Worthington says:
Great. Thanks for jumping in. Hope others will as well.
Sotalia says:
I have quite a bit of information on Robert's ancestry and some info on his descendants. I can either share with you and you can pass it on or this person is welcome to contact me.
Thanks, Russ!
Russ Worthington says:
You can certainly share that here, in comments.
Do you have a Blog or an Online Tree? If you do, please share a link with us.
Thank you,
Sotalia says:
I have a public Ancestry tree and this is Robert in my tree: http://trees.ancestry.com/tree/7454552/person/24217414181
This tree is not complete, however. I have a document sent to me by another researching offering far more detail and complete with source material that goes back to their Quaker roots. I haven't been focusing on the more distant ancestry quite yet as I am still stuck on poor Robert the younger and trying to find out what happened to him in Texas. The details for him are sketchy.
That's how I found you, btw. A friendly researcher in Dallas found your newsletter on file at the library and I googled you.
Russ Worthington says:
Great. Understand "not complete", but that is OK.
I hope the readers of this blog visit your Ancestry Member Tree and make comments on your tree to help you with your research.
I am working on getting more information on this blog, just need a couple more hours in a day.
Thank you,
Sotalia says:
I hear that. There will never be enough hours!


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Dodge Dark Montego Blue Pearl CJ/PCJ Touch Up Paint
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