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The Variety of HPST Scholarship
- 330 Downloads
It is well known that Science & Education publishes a variety of empirical and theoretical articles, many of which are occasionally quite different from those of the "mainstream," science education research. In our journal, we like to publish theoretical articles that are special, perhaps unconventional, and that may open new horizons for research. At the same time, we value the conclusions of robust empirical research. As a result, the issues of Science & Education usually include articles of both kinds, which we find that appeal to a wide variety of readers—a result of the variety of HPST scholarship.
At times, this variety is stunning. I recently had to make a decision about how to group several different articles on different topics that had been accepted for publication in the journal. Considering this, as well as practical issues, I decided to have them published in print all together in the present triple issue. This is the first time during my editorship that I am publishing a triple issue, and I hope that it will be seen as an exemplar point of reference on the kinds of articles published in Science & Education. The topics of these articles include risk, models, scientism, the ethical responsibility of teachers, students' epistemologies, nature of science and art, nature of science and learners' characteristics, teaching natural selection, and education values in teaching mathematics. I hope that readers will find these articles useful and will appreciate their variety.
This variety is also reflected in the book reviews that we publish (not only in this issue, but generally speaking). The books reviewed come from a variety of fields: science education, history of science, philosophy of science, and science itself. An interdisciplinary field like HPST requires scholars who are able to keep up with developments in the related fields. Yet, this is very difficult to do, and it is even more difficult to be able to read the numerous books published. Here is the value of book reviews: on the one hand, readers come to know about books that they may have been unaware of; on the other hand, they can read the evaluation of an expert reviewer and decide whether they will read the book themselves or not. Both contributions of book reviews are very important.
Therefore, we hope that readers appreciate this variety and we look forward to your contributions that will further augment it. I must note that Science & Education publishes empirical and theoretical articles that are informed by the HPS scholarship and that have explicit and clear implications for science (and relevant mathematics) teaching and learning. We look forward to reading your work!
Compliance with ethical standards
Conflict of interests
The author declares no conflict of interest.


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Click to view our pdf product catalog – Lifespan Catalog
In addition to our standard white melamine we offer 15 different finishes to make your project unique and stylish.
There are many options when it comes to creating your own Lifespan Closet. Whether you choose to use the popular white melamine or go with an impressive wood veneer, you will not be disappointed with the versatility of your Lifespan closet. Everything from shelves to closet rods to accessories utilize the pre-drilled holes on our vertical partitions, which allow the system to adapt to your lifestyle
The wedgerail is the foundation rail of the Lifespan closet system. It is sold in unfinished 8′ lengths with the option of a white cover
Standard partitions come in depths of 14″,18″, or 24″ and heights of 24″, 36″, 48″, 60″, 72″, 84″, and 96″
Standard shelves come in depths of 14″,18″ or 24″ and standard widths of 18″, 24″, 30″, 36″, and 48″
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Shelf Clips
Shelf support clips come in two styles: EQ and EQ CAM
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Drawers come in widths to match the standard size shelves, with depths of 4″, 8″ and 12″. Slides come in regular and soft-close, side-mount or under-mount. Custom materials and sizes are also available
We carry a variety of accessories from Rev-a-Shelf and Sidelines, such as jewelry drawers, pant-racks, tie holders and wine racks. Be sure to check out our photo gallery for more images!

subset: commoncrawl


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Japan-based company Sanwa introduces the 400-HS015 bond-conduction Bluetooth headset/sunglasses. The sunglasses supports Bluetooth with headset, hands-free and A2DP profile supporting phone calling and music streaming.
Instead of earbuds, the Sanwa 400-HS015 uses bond-conduction technology to keep your ears free. It has built-in microphone and volume control. The Bluetooth sunglassess costs 19800 Yen.


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The Thyroid Doctor's log after seeing his patients. I am a rare bird. I am one of the few physicians to practice clinical thyroidology only for 35 years. I am the sole physician at the Santa Monica Thyroid Center, and have the best thyroid blood lab with Dr.Carole Spencer, expert in thyroid hormone analysis, and thyroid cancer markers, as my lab director.The lab is also CLIA certified in thyroid cytology. Dr.Guttler is a thyroid ultrasonographer certified by AACE, and AIUM.
Sunday, November 28, 2004
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, William Rehnquist Update
Rehnquist Update: The press release today stated he would not be on the bench for oral arguments on Monday.This still fits with my original thyroidblog report when he was first diagnosed with thyroid cancer.I predicted he would not return to the bench due to anaplastic thyroid cancer. I am sorry I was right, and hope he has a peaceful few weeks left. Usually chemotherpy, and radiation are not very helpful with this very aggressive tumor. The added side effects are not worth the use in my experience, except to relieve pain, prevent obstruction, and allow him to breathe. His doctors should make him as comfortable as possible, and we can all hope for the best. His diagnosis is still a big secret, but the history points to anaplastic as the best fit. Dr.G.
Posted by Richard B. Guttler M.D., F.A.C.E, ECNU at 3:20 PM
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We install, maintain, and repair virtually all makes / models of air conditioning products, including ductless air conditioning, traditional "split" systems, and variable refrigerant systems.
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- Air Conditioner Installation, Maintenance, Replacement, Repair
Air conditioners are rated based on their Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) or Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER). Efficiency is calculated based on the cooling output in BTUs divided by the total energy input during the same period.
The higher an air conditioner's SEER/EER, the more cost effective it is to operate.
Making the Switch to the Eco-friendly R410A Refrigerant
Air conditioners operate on a variety of refrigerants. R410A is a newer, environmentally-friendly refrigerant. R22 is the older refrigerant, being phased out for models after 2010.
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SAN FRANCISCO (MarketWatch) -- Canadian stocks closed slightly higher Wednesday, led by gains in the energy group.
The S&P/TSX Composite Index (SPTSX) rose 10.11 points, or 0.1%, to 12730.43. Five of Toronto's 10 sector indexes traded higher.
The energy group gained 0.9%, with EnCana (ECA) ECA, -6.59% rising 1.2% and Suncor (SU) SU, -3.52% ending up 1.2%.
The materials group edged up 0.3%, with Teck Cominco (TCKB) rising 2% and Aur Resources (AUR) adding 1.8%. Among gold stocks, Goldcorp (G) GG, -3.38% rose 1% and Meridian Gold (MNG) ended up 0.5%.
The health-care group gained 0.5%, with Angiotech (ANP) rising 5% after a Dutch court ruled that a Conor Medsytems stent infringes on a key claim of the Dutch version of Angiotech's European paclitaxel stent patent. The news comes after a day after it was reported that a U.K. court upheld a decision revoking the Angiotech patent in the U.K.
The information technology group gained 0.11%, with Research In Motion (RIM) RIMM rising 0.3% and CGI Group (GIBA) ending up 1.6%.
On the down side, the industrials group dipped 0.6%, with ACE Aviation (ACEB) losing 1.4% and Canadian National Railway (CNR) falling 1.1%.
Fronteer Development (FRG) added 6.8% on news of a copper-gold discovery in Turkey.
Labopharm (DDS) continued to fall, ending down 5%, on news that the company will have to wait up to another six months before the U.S. Food and Drug Administration decides whether to approve its once-daily formulation of the painkiller tramadol. The stock fell 4% on the news Tuesday.


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If you are trying Windows 10 Insider builds on your laptop, you might have noticed a slight drop in battery life. This is a known issue and Intel today confirmed that they are working with Microsoft to fix it. The upcoming driver update will fix this and battery life will be nearly same as on Windows 8.1 devices.
"Intel and Microsoft are working to optimize drivers for battery performance on Windows 10 across Intel platforms," an Intel spokesman said in an email. "While we are working on technical optimizations, we have seen very minor hits to battery life but even the upper end of what we have seen is below 10 percent. Do know that we expect battery life on Windows 10 systems to be nearly the same as on Windows 8.1 systems once the final Windows 10 drivers have been updated and released."
Source: PCWorld


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January 25, 2017
Trump moves to build border wall, cut sanctuary city funds -- Santa Fe New Mexican
President Donald Trump moved aggressively to tighten the nation's immigration policies Wednesday, signing executive actions to jumpstart construction of a U.S.-Mexico border wall and block federal grants from immigrant-protecting "sanctuary cities." 1/25/2017
See also:
8 U.S.C. - Aliens and Nationality -- Immigration and Nationality Act
Public Law 104 208 Div. C -- Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 -- see page 547 in the document
Bills to reinstate NM's solar tax credit move ahead – Las Cruces Sun News
Bipartisan efforts are making headway in the New Mexico House and Senate to reinstate a tax credit that spurred nearly a quarter-billion dollars of investment in roof-top solar and related jobs in the nation's second sunniest state before expiring last year. A Senate panel on Tuesday endorsed a HB 61 that calls for renewing the credit for an additional eight years. - - 1/25/2017
Law Professor Outlines Historical Use Of Presidential Executive Orders -- All Things Considered (NPR)
President Trump signed five executive actions Tuesday morning. NPR's Robert Siegel talks with Cristina Rodriguez of Yale University about the historical use of executive orders and their limits. -- 1/24/2017


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Jacques Rivette's Paris Belongs to Us is technically the inaugural feature of the French New Wave, conceived in 1957 by the French filmmaker and his co-scenarist Jean Gruault, filmed in snippets from 1958 - 1960, and only released stateside several years after the one-two punch of François Truffaut's The 400 Blows (which features footage from the unfinished film in one of its scenes) and Jean-Luc Godard's Breathless. It's a decidedly unfriendly and depressive concoction: a black-and-white travelogue through Paris's bohemian underground, viewed primarily through the eyes of Anne Goupil (Betty Schneider), a fresh-faced student who finds herself enveloped in and practically destroyed by a powerful, though seemingly nonexistent conspiracy. Viewed at some remove from the countercultural forces that no doubt inspired its creation, Paris Belongs to Us plays exceedingly turgid in the moment, as its many characters orbit in and out of each others' lives, spicing up their monotonous existence with make-believe complots that eventually lose their fictional luster, to the point that the real and the imagined become indistinguishable. The unexplained disappearance of a neighbor and the suicide of a musician (both actions tellingly happen off-screen) are the inciting incidents that propel Anne through Rivette's Fibonacci-spiraled mise-en-scène (which incorporates, among other things, a play-within-production of William Shakespeare's Pericles, a film club presentation of the Babel sequence from Fritz Lang's Metropolis, and a hilariously lascivious sidewalk café cameo by Godard himself), though we never feel her paranoia so much as observe it at a distinct distance. More than anything, the film seems a hermetic time capsule from a lost world, with Anne acting as a microcosmic stand-in for the Nouvelle Vague's own ideals and aspirations. Her desire and need to effect change, so strong at the film's outset, is ultimately dulled and defeated by its end, fulfilling the ominous pronouncements of the opening credits epigraph credited to Charles Peguy: "Paris belongs to no one." In this way, Rivette was perhaps more of a prognosticator than he realized, anticipating the downfall of the very movement he was involved in before it had effectively begun.
Paris Belongs to Us
- Runtime
- 140 min
- Rating
- Year
- 1960
- Director
- Jacques Rivette
- Screenwriter
- Jean Gruault, Jacques Rivette
- Cast
- Betty Schneider, Gianni Esposito, Françoise Prévost, Daniel Crohem, François Maistre, Jean-Claude Brialy
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I tried helping out my husband with work yesterday. We're self employed (I started the business after being made redundant back in 2008) but since having my daughter my husband carries the business entirely by himself as I have not yet made it back on board. I'd intended to after 9 months but such is my relationship with Bubble that I did not feel I could put her into day care to allow me to work. She would not be left with anyone for longer than half an hour. She would be fine for a while but then she'd clock that I'd left the room and would burst into tears. I simply couldn't do it to her. So, instead I've let her find her own independence. Ok so she doesn't feel entirely comfortable with most folk (and so I don't leave her for too long with them) but she has found her comfort with her grandmother and her father. This is wonderful news for me because for the first time in over a year, my mum or Wad can take Bubble out for an afternoon to give me some space. Yippee!
But then I miss her.
Still, there's a lot to be said for head space when you're mothering full time!
As I said earlier, Wad is carrying the business by himself but recently the workload has been something else so he's asked me (as nicely as he can in case I turn into a fire breathing dragon) to help him this week. My mum and Michael (M&M from here on in) came to stay with me to look after Bubble so I could work. It worked terrifically! M&M took her out to the park and for ice-cream so she had a whale of a time and I worked in complete peace and quiet.
Not that it helped.
Snails moved faster than I did yesterday. It was awful. I couldn't remember anything. At one point I felt like I'd have to retrain (and my training took 7 years so a big NO THANK YOU to that option). You may as well have given me my daughter's chubby crayons and her colouring-in book and I would have done a better job.
Us mums all have to start back somewhere though I suppose. .. Hey! Look how much I've written already... waffle-tastic. :o)


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Lenovo K3 Price in Pakistan with Review
Lenovo Brand
Lenovo is a Chinese multinational company operating in different business segments. In the beginning it was dealing in personal computers, servers and workstations domain. Now it has included tablet computers, mobile phones, IT management software, LCD and smart televisions to its existing portfolio.
According to the released report in 2013, Lenovo had been the largest personal computer supplier by unit sales. Lenovo is also know for its famous ThinkPad and ThinkCenter series of note books.
Lenovo is also known for its durability, design and best customer support.
Lenovo K3 Review
Lenovo K3 is the latest addition android mobile phone from Lenovo. It comes with support of 2G, 3G and 4G network using TD-SCDMA for 3G and TD-LTE for 4G technologies.
Lenovo K3 will have 2 micro sim slots, 1 active – 1 standby. With IPS capacitive multi touch 5 inches screen, it weighs 128 gram.
With Lenovo K3, you will get 16 GB ROM and 1 GB RAM and up to 32 GB in micro SD extension.
It has all necessary peripherals such as Wi-Fi b/g/n dual band, Bluetooth v4.0. It doesn't have NFC and IR module.
NFC is a short range Near Far Communication technology. An example would be if you want to transfer images, songs etc from mobile to mobile, all you need is to bring both devices together in contact and the images, songs are transferred automatically.
IR stands for infra red communication. An example would be a remote control of television, blue ray which has IR module to send commands to television or blurry etc for increasing volume, channel changing.
It has 8 mega pixel back or also called primary camera with a resolution of 3264 x 2448 pixels with auto focus and Led flash support. Front or secondary camera comes with a resolution 2 mega pixel. As there are no reports of video recording resolution, but we can safely assume that at least with 8 mega pixel back camera, it will support HD video recording. I.e. HD ready 720p @ 30fps or Full HD 1080p @ 30fps.
Chipset is Qualcomm MSM8916 snapdragon 410 with Quad-Core 1.2 GHz cortex-a53. For gaming it has an integrated GPU Adreno 306. Lenovo K3 will have Android KitKat OS v4.4.2.
It has 2300 mhA capacity battery for long duration.
Lenovo K3 Gallery
Lenovo K3 Video Hands On
Lenovo K3 Price in Pakistan and else where!
Lenovo K3 Price in Pakistan would be 9500 to 11500 PKR which is very attractive. Lenovo K3 Price in india would be 6099 INR and in USA it will cost 100 USD. Lenovo K3 Price in UAE , Qatar, Bahrain, KSA would be 370 Dirhams, 360 Riyal, 37 Bahrain Dinar and 370 Saudi Riyal respectively. In UK, Australia, Japan, Bangladesh, Germany, France the price will be equivalent to 100 USD in their respective currencies.


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Jane Olin: Beyond My Reasonable Self
2017-2018 Exhibiton
View installation photographs
Salon Jane's Independent Presence Art Exhibition
Experience the kickoff opening of the Independent Presence Art Exhibition for Salon Jane. Find out what inspires myself and the other artists to create such beautiful works of art.
Exhibition narrated by Charlotte Chapman; she interview artists Jane Olin, Robin Robinson and Robin Ward.
West Coast Focus With Steve Zmak
"Pushing the Wet Darkroom" featuring Martha Casanave, Jane Olin and Robin Robinson.
Rfotofolio Gallery
"Art can make a difference." My work is featured with other professional photographers in this gallery.
Visit the gallery >
Women in Photography International Archive
I am honored to announce that my photographic portfolio is now part of the Women in Photography International Archive at the Beinecke Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
Viewpoint Gallery, Sacramento, CA
Jane Olin: On the Edge of Chance
Tribune-Review art critic Kurt Shaw weighs in on the spring exhibition NAWA: In-VISIBLE


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Last time, I mentioned that the two main hurdles I had to
deal with in reading Infinite Jest were how to deal with the length and how to
deal with the endnotes. I yammered on about the length last time, but I forgot
to yammer about the endnotes. So here goes.*
At first, I read them as they came, flipping back and forth.
This probably lasted until Himself's filmography. After that I just read the
main text straight and dipped into the endnotes as my whims saw fit. This meant
I skipped ahead a lot in my footnote chronology and that after finishing the
main text, I had to retreat to make sure I had seen everything. I simply grew
tired of the flipping back and forth to read the pharmaceutical information,
for instance. And when I just could not continue with the main text for
whatever reason (boredom, only a few minutes of spare reading time, ADHD, etc.)
I would jump into the footnotes, sometimes where I'd left off previously,
sometimes in a totally different spot altogether. Though I realize that this is
not how the book was meant to be read, i.e., how the information was
specifically arranged, I don't think my hopping around caused too much trouble,
reading comprehension-wise. (I realize that someone reading this might beg to
differ.) I think of Alice Munro, who in an introduction to her Selected Stories
said that she didn't really pay attention to chronology in stories. She skipped
around in her reading, jumping into middles, entering through endings, etc. And
I've done this too, but only really on second readings, where I want to savor
or re-experience a certain paragraph.
All of which triggers an idea: aren't books intrinsically
chronological? Not just the idea of a plot with its this-happens-before-that
quality but the very physical form of the pages (this
before that!) and the actual words of the English sentence itself. Play with
chronology as we might, permeate the origami folds of consciousness as best we
can—and I realize there are plenty of plotless texts to contradict my
chronology idea, books like Michael Martone's The Blue Guide to Indiana, which
imitates an actual guidebook and abandons any conventional idea of a plotted
narrative altogether, but in doing away with one set of conventions seizes a
whole new set of conventions, the guidebook's; there's also Nicholson Baker,
who I don't think has abandoned plot so much (The Mezzanine, Room Temperature)
as he has drilled so far inside plot that his novels exist in the interstitial
sections between conventional scenes: they're the consciousness of characters
between moments (which is why Wallace's newest short story, "Good People,"
which appeared in the New Yorker this week, strikes me as fundamentally
Bakeresque)—isn't textual literature helplessly chronological at least at the
micro level? Unlike paintings, novels must be digested over a duration
of time rather than be perceived all at once, which means reading becomes more
an experience in itself, like playing a sport or exercising, rather than
becoming a single, epiphanic moment. Because reading is always a journey, a
trip through a book, aren't books necessarily chronological even if the stories
inside them are not? And what happens if you break that chronology?
I first thought the endnotes were like the internet, with
the linking between bits, but now after reading the book I think they're just
inherently bookish, meaning they exaggerate the fact that the story is mediated
by a book. The internet continually burrows within itself, so that the more you
link the further you get away from the original text/page. This is why I never understand
why people are so crazy about linking inside their articles. Why would you want
people to go away from what they're reading? Isn't the whole point of writing
to solidify communication, to hazard a bridge between two selves, if briefly,
and to keep them reading, to keep them listening to you, to hear what you have
to say, rather than to distract them on purpose from your own purpose?
Though there are some endnotes that have their own
footnotes, a real internet-like story would be intolerable (I think) because
you'd never get back to the original page/site/story. You'd always just further
link inward, your attention further focused but also further diffused from your
original purpose. (But then, well, we never get back to Hal as he is in that
first chapter, do we? Hmm. Perhaps we should strike this paragraph from the
record. I've just royally confused myself. [See, this is the problem with these
interpretive posts; one thought swoops in to kill another before the first thought
has gotten mature enough to defend itself. (And going all meta and inward bound
doesn't resuscitate anything.)])
So but back on the interpretive track, I've begun to think
of the endnotes as not like links but actually as like tennis itself, with its
volleying between two sides of a story/net. This analogy probably works best in
Wallace's essays with footnotes, where a real call and response is set up. I
also think of two guitar lines working together in the same song, like in good
James Brown. But also here, with the endnotes, some of which contain vital plot
information and scenes, some of which are wholly extra (the pharmaceutical
information) and don't really help out but just give you more data, if you're
into that sort of thing—the endnotes contain their own stories so that you get
a story within a story going, the main text with the endnote text inside it,
which of course mirrors other annular/involuted bits in the novel as a whole:
the mold growing on mold, the incredibly potent DMZ as acid on acid, etc. Here
it's stories within stories within stories. But all this inner spinning of
narrative is contained within the fencing of the book.
Except of course when it isn't, like with the ending, the
phantom limb of plot, all those tennis balls smacked over the fence, and only
we can go find them.
*And actually, with its by-the-way quality, with its oh-I-should've-told-you
logic, this post is more of an endnote itself than an actual free-standing
post. More of those kind to come.
Infinite Jest, Digested: Part One
—Barrett Hathcock


text:
The Icelandic New Year's Eve is by many considered the most breathtaking New Year's celebration in the world. We offer a special Bonfire and Fireworks tour where you will experience this celebration first-hand. You will be taken to enjoy the immersive celebration atmosphere.
Thousands of people attend community bonfires scattered throughout the different neighbourhoods in Reykjavík. It's a celebration like no other, one you can experience on the Bonfire and Fireworks on New Year's Eve Tour.
At midnight the atmosphere becomes highly intense due to the hundreds, even up to a thousand, tons of fireworks that are lit up and fired away. We will than stop at a desirable viewpoint to watch the fireworks and toast with a glass of sparkling wine while thousands of people all over the city are shooting up tons of fireworks, resulting in one of the world's most spectacular sights one can imagine.
Between the Bonfire and the Firework show we stop for a light refreshment.
Bonfire and Fireworks Tour Highlights
- Warm your body and soul around a tremendous bonfire
- Sing, dance and celebrate with the locals
- Watch a spectacular fireworks show
- Enjoy a glass of cheer as we count down the last moments of the year
- Complimentary pick-up and drop-off to major hotels, guest houses and bus stops in Reykjavik
- Professional guide
- Glass of sparkling wine
- Traditional bonfire
- Coffee service at a restaurant
- Dazzling, citywide firework show
Please Note
- This tour is only operated on New Year's Eve, December 31st.
- Children under 12 years go free.
- The legal drinking age in Iceland is 20
- Warm clothes are recommended
Pick up and drop off
Pick up from hotels, guesthouses and designated bus stops starts 30 minutes before the tour departure time stated on your voucher.
To help ensuring the quickest possible collection we kindly ask you to stand by for pick up in front of your hotel or guest house when pick up starts. Boarding the pick-up coach please present your tour voucher.


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At least 10 species make up the genus Acanthosaura, popularly called mountain horned lizards. Reaching about 1 foot in length, and having relatively calm personalities and easy care requirements, these lizards are well-suited for captivity. A mountain horned lizard of either sex makes a fine pet.
Tail Bulges
While some Acanthosaura species exhibit sexual dimorphism with respect to color and pattern, the differences are not well documented and frequently fail to help distinguish males from females. Instead, observe the ventral side of your lizard's tail; the hemipenes of male mountain horned lizards create two large, obvious bulges at the base of the tail. Additionally, males have broader tail bases than females do.
Cite this Article
Choose Citation Style
Team, Ben. "How Can You Tell Female or Male in the Mountain Horned Lizard?" Animals - mom.me, https://animals.mom.me/can-tell-female-male-mountain-horned-lizard-6982.html. Accessed 14 December 2018.
Team, Ben. (n.d.). How Can You Tell Female or Male in the Mountain Horned Lizard? Animals - mom.me. Retrieved from https://animals.mom.me/can-tell-female-male-mountain-horned-lizard-6982.html
Team, Ben. "How Can You Tell Female or Male in the Mountain Horned Lizard?" accessed December 14, 2018. https://animals.mom.me/can-tell-female-male-mountain-horned-lizard-6982.html
Note: Depending on which text editor you're pasting into, you might have to add the italics to the site name.


text:
We're available 24/7 to discuss treatment options.
For cancer patients, immobility is a lack of movement that may be caused by joint pain, muscle pain and stiffness, malnutrition, cancer metastases, medication, anxiety or depression. Immobility can also be a symptom of soft tissue sarcoma, a cancer that forms in the muscle, fat, blood vessels, nerves, tendons and the lining of joints. Immobility can lead to infections, including pneumonia, which the body may be too weak to fight. It may also increase the risk of blood clots. Remaining in one position for a long period of time puts extra pressure on the spine, which may cause back pain and other sources of debilitating discomfort. Depression is another common risk for bedridden patients who may be unable to care for themselves or maintain an active social life.
A number of cancer patients experience physical impairments because of their disease and its treatment. American adults who have been diagnosed with cancer are more likely than those without cancer to request help with basic, daily living activities.
By incorporating traditional and supportive therapies, integrative services can help address a number of the underlying causes of immobility. Integrative therapies work together to help patients get stronger, build their immunities and, for some, regain their mobility and quality of life.
Chiropractic clinicians help patients manage musculo-skeletal issues with drug-free, non-surgical interventions, and they are often able to restore mobility using gentle techniques. Chiropractic adjustments can help increase mobility, flexibility, strength and function, as well as help improve the patient's well-being. Chiropractic care may help alleviate muscle weakness caused by chemotherapy treatments. A chiropractor can also address posture weakness and improve muscular and skeletal issues to improve patients' range of motion and overall strength.
Oncology rehabilitation uses individualized treatments, including massage, physical and occupational therapies, to help immobile patients get back on their feet. Oncology rehabilitation therapists design specific programs for each patient that may include range-of-motion training and light-resistance exercises, along with manual manipulation, especially if immobility is a byproduct of pain. These workouts aim to reduce muscle weakness and improve physical function, safety and well-being. Oncology rehabilitation therapists may also prescribe pre- and post-op strengthening exercises to help patients prepare their bodies for surgery.
The pain caused by cancer can be overwhelming and constant for some patients. If the patient has difficulty moving because of pain, pain management specialists may be able to help. These specialists may recommend over-the-counter or prescription medication, chosen to suit each patient and to reduce side effects. Other pain management techniques, such as implanted pain pumps and nerve-block therapies, may also be an option. The pain team can also help coordinate with rehabilitation services and other integrative therapies.
Fill out all of the form below and we will connect you to someone to assist you.
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text:
Instant Term Life Insurance Quote: What to Look for When Requesting a Quote
So you're ready to request your instant term life insurance quote? The Internet is a wonderful place to compare and purchase life insurance. Each year, hundreds of thousands of people choose to buy life insurance online. To make sure you get legitimate quotes, top-notch policies from which to choose, and reliable advice, there are a few precautions you should take.
When you are looking to obtain an instant term life insurance quote, take the time to make sure you are working with highly trained licensed insurance experts on a secure website. Ask any person from whom you are requesting quotes or advice for their license number. Be sure to write this number down. Make sure the company you choose has Chartered Life Underwriters to answer any complicated questions you may have. The Chartered Life Underwriter (CLU) title is one of the highest professional designations in the insurance industry. Always make sure any website from which you are requesting quotes or submitting an application has a "VeriSign" or other security logo. This type of logo is an indication of a secure website. Websites that are not secure do not protect your private information, and should be strictly avoided.
Fortunately, Spectrum Direct meets all of the above requirements and more. You need look no further than Spectrum Direct for the highest levels of experience, expertise, and security any company has to offer. All of Spectrum Direct's officers are Chartered Life Underwriters. They have earned their excellent reputation through years of hard work and diligence. When you request an instant term life insurance quote from Spectrum Direct, you benefit directly from the years of knowledge and experience accumulated by Spectrum Direct's officers.
Buy life insurance online with the help of the best in the industry. Trust Spectrum Direct to help you secure the most affordable life insurance policy for your unique personal situation. Get an instant term life insurance quote online or call to speak with an insurance professional at Spectrum Direct.
Term Life Insurance Quote:


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A beautifully presented one double bedroom ground floor retirement apartment offered with VACANT POSSESSION. Walking distance of Ferndown Town Centre.
This delightful and deceptively spacious one bedroom apartment is set in very pleasant communal grounds and having been very well cared for is low maintenance. There is a 24 hour Careline system, an on-site house manager, residents lounge with kitchen, residents and visitor parking. Minimum age for residents is 60 years and if a couple the younger can be 55. Brief details of accommodation: The lounge/dining is a good size and offers an attractive fireplace with wooden surround and inset coal effect electric fire. A double glazed door leads out to a private patio and further to the well kept communal grounds. Double doors from the lounge lead into the kitchen which offers an integrated oven, hob with extractor over and recess for a fridge and freezer and has a good range of storage cupboards. The kitchen has an aspect over the rear grounds as has the lounge. The bedroom benefits from a large fitted wardrobe with mirror fronted doors. The bathroom has a full suite incorporating panelled bath, low level wc, wash hand basin with cupboard beneath and is fully tiled. OUTSIDE: The communal gardens are very well manicured and are laid mainly to lawn with a variety of mature shrubs and seating areas. Ferndown Town Centre is a short flat walk away and offers excellent shopping facilities together with doctor, dentist, theatre and a variety of coffee shops. A viewing of this delightful apartment comes highly recommended. Council Tax: Band C EPC Rating: Band C Lease: 125 years from 2001 Ground Rent £29 per month Maintenance £186 per month
This spacious villa is one of a row of 6 completed in December 2006. With Cypriot houses around it is within walking distanc...
A beautifully positioned RETIREMENT apartment situated in close proximity to Ferndown Town Centre. VACANT POSSESSION.
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We are partners of a global movement that believes the Philippines and the Filipinos can achieve bigger things! We aim to highlight positive news about the Philippines and encourages overseas Filipinos to invest in the country.
Our mission
is to bring awareness to Filipinos overseas of becoming good stewards of their God-given financial resources and to help and encourage Filipinos to help build the Philippines by becoming a Filinvestor.
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Search the Archive
Search the National Gallery Archive containing records of the Gallery's activities from its foundation in 1824 to the present day. Find out more about the National Gallery Archive.
Record NG8/11/15
Up to parent record NG8/11 No child record
|Archive reference number
Letter to the Secretary
|9 Jun 1888
Re the application for a superannuation allowance for W. Ackerman
|Record type
Your list will only be saved temporarily. Inactivity of more than an hour could result in the loss of your list. If you would like to keep a record of your list, we suggest you email it to yourself.
Your list of records will be sent to us if you request an appointment, and a summary will be included in your appointment email notification.
© 2018 The National Gallery, Trafalgar Square, London WC2N 5DN


text:
DIA EuroMeeting 2018, will take place from 17 Apr to 19 Apr 2018.
It will be a sensational Meeting at the Congress Center Basel in Basel, Switzerland.
30th Annual EuroMeeting of the Drug Information Association (DIA EuroMeeting 2018) is going to be the prominent meeting on Medical, Pharmaceutical, Drug Development, Clinical Trials and Pharmacovigilance.
30th Annual EuroMeeting of the Drug Information Association is organized annually.
The Meeting is expected to be attended by 2500 participants this year.
The Meeting is brought to you by Drug Information Association.
Let Basel must do holiday attractions make you fall in love with this city when you are there for DIA EuroMeeting 2018. Here are the top notch things to do in Basel!
Visitor Profile
- Corporate executives
- Pharmacovigilance professionals
- Clinical development professionals
- Regulators
- Decision makers
- Patient advocates
Events in Number
Congress Center Basel
Address : Messeplatz 21, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
Travel Guide
- DIA EuroMeeting 2017
- Scottish Exhibition & Conference Centre
29 - 31 March 2017


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If an audit were to be conducted on your words for the past two months, what will the result be? Will it be positive or negative? What do you spend most of your time talking about? Is it your problems, the seemingly negative things happening in your life or the country, the problems of others or the bad/negative things people do? Or do you focus and talk about the good things. Always talking about your problems and focusing on the negative is an unhealthy habit and will not bring about the change you want.
So break that habit and talk instead about your successes and blessings. Even if you think there is nothing good happening around you now, still stay positive, hopeful and optimistic about life. Your current situation isn't as important as your response to it, and your response should be speaking positively about the situation and the outcome.
There is so much negative talk flying around especially with the political situation in Nigeria. It's important that we stay positive. You should take responsibility for your words. They are very powerful. Your words affect you and others. They affect your moods, health and perception of events. They affect the way you respond to and attitude towards situations and people. Don't use your words to bring people down, bring yourself down, criticize, grumble or complain. In every situation choose to speak positive. It doesn't mean that you are denying reality but that you have chosen to be positive about it and that is a step in the right direction.
- What you think about ultimately determines what you say. The good book says as a man thinketh in his heart so is he. Dwell on the positive and don't give in to the negative.
- Focus on the good things happening in the world and in your country. There are probably more good things happening in the world than bad but the media mostly reports and magnifies the bad because that is what attracts people's attention, the man bite dog theory. Talking about the world's/country's problems when you have no plans of doing anything about it is meaningless. Unless you are going to take it beyond just talking, it's more productive to be talk about the good things or keep quiet.
- Be careful what you expose yourself to. Be selective about what you read, what you watch or where you stay, because it will affect your thoughts and ultimately your words. Stay away from negative influences.
- Have a heart of gratitude. Be grateful for what you have. Don't concentrate on what you think you don't have or what you think is wrong. "The grass is greener where you water it". Decide to be happy and you will find plenty of reasons to support that decision.
Don't be quick to talk or be careless with your words. "Words are powerful so take them seriously."
Comments are welcome.
Emem Ita
I help consultants and service based businesses gain visibility, increase influence and consistently attract customers through PR, Social Media & Content Marketing Strategies.
Right now I have some openings and am currently taking on new clients. To work with me, schedule a FREE, no obligation strategy session with me by clicking this link https://bit.ly/2i4f0Mz
If you want to learn how to consistently attract customers online, reserve your spot at the next Customer Attraction Bootcamp. Find out more here https://bit.ly/2GBMLzx
Latest posts by Emem Ita (see all)
- Why No One Is Buying From You Online - May 8, 2018
- Enhance Your Social Media Profiles With These Tips - April 25, 2018
- 6 Valuable Marketing Lessons From The Black Panther Movie - April 3, 2018


text:
Hello Lovely!
I am so excited that you are interested in my model call! I would absolutely love to document your family they way it is now. One of my very favorite parts of my job is getting to connect with families and documenting their lives in their current state.
I would LOVE to connect with you. Please answer these quick questions and I'll get back to you as soon as possible.


text:
Blizzard has updated its World of WarCraft site with brand new updates to their Profession Guide page. Enjoy!
We've updated the Profession Guides page with links to new player-made guides. This page features direct links to guides created by World of Warcraft players. Click here to check them out! If you have a profession guide that you want to submit for review, click here.
For more on WoW, click here.


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Linotype Scanner vs. Win2000 [w2k/xp]
Linotype Scanner vs. Win2000 [w2k/xp]
[ Follow Ups ] [ Post Followups ] [ FAQ ] [ Back to Messages ]
Posted by Chris on March 03, 2002 at 04:39:13:
Hi all,
seems that a lot of poeple have preoblems with Lynotype scanners and windows 2000/XP.
The problem seems to be the missing ASPI support within w2k [XP].
More info about ASPI can be found at: [Info + LINKS]
[Bart's page about ASPI ==> http://www.nu2.nu/aspi/ ]
[Step 1]
Install an ASPI driver [I used the LSI Logic ASPI for Win2000(formerly Symbios/NCR)](you can control it with aspichk.exe)
[Step 2]
Install the Color Factoty PRO.
Thats it :-) everything works fine ...
There are also some additional information:
[Linotype scanners are compatible with UMAX scanners]
The Highscreen [Linotype] HS5c(Windows) [Jade(Apple)] is compatible with UMAX Vista S12.
Linotype Saphir 2 -- Umax PowerLook II.
Highscreen/Linotype Scan Boostar -- Umax Astra ?1200?
The Linotype Scanners have got selected components, another firmware and a very much better Twain module (calibration) - because of that an overall higher quality.
The Umax drivers (win98/NT/w2k) working fine with the Linotype Scanners but not vice versa (firmware). The quality of the Umax Twain Module is really not the same as Linotype's.
However ... have a nice scan
Follow Ups:
Post a Followup


text: I'll be spending a week in the Birmingham, AL area in about two weeks. Most of the traffic on this board about that area seems to concern "fine dining", i.e. Highland, Bottega, etc. While I have nothing against that sort of place, and may even eat there once, I'm also looking for something more offbeat and interesting. Any tips? I will be southeast of B'ham, off 280 somewhere; I will have a car, but I'll be working long hours and probably won't be in the mood to drive for 45 minutes before eating. Thanks.


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The Defence Force is understood to be considering a switch to thin-client computing.
Computerworld understands the NZDF is undertaking a feasibility study to assess a server-based architecture for the army, navy and airforce. The decision on whether or not to go to thin clients shouldn't impact NZDF's plans to consolidate its storage over the next 18 months.
NZDF has just completed its storage strategy for the next three years. It expects to spend about $1.5 million on storage in the next year. However, the storage project won't go ahead until the computing architecture has been decided.
The NZDF commissioned analyst and consultant firm Gartner to investigate its storage provision and the resulting report has been used as the basis for a new storage strategy. NZDF chief technology officer Warwick Sullivan won't comment on the move to thin clients.
Sullivan says the storage report recommends the use of storage area networks, a technology the NZDF has already deployed in a number of instances and with which its IT staff have a degree of competence.
Future equipment purchases will be selected predominantly from two storage vendors. Sullivan declined to name them, but both Compaq and EMC gear figure heavily in SANs recently implemented by the army, navy, airforce and defence headquarters.
Sullivan says one of the other key Gartner findings was that storage should be considered just like other IT purchases — it has a finite life and hardware/software refresh cycles offer the opportunity to introduce new technologies. As a result NZDF will buy storage as it needs it and take advantage of commodity-based price changes.
"Disaster recovery and business continuity were assessed as the major requirements for NZDF storage. As a result the need for greater data consolidation has been accepted with changes being implemented in a phased approach," Sullivan says.
Hierarchical storage management will become the norm, he believes, as total storage costs are contained through the appropriate use of different storage mechanisms.


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In the Hebrew bible, God's personal name is the most frequently used noun—occurring over 6,800 times. In the Hebrew text it is spelled with only consonants: Y-H-V-H, and is called the "Four-Letter" name or "Tetragrammaton" in Greek.[i]
Jewish sages say the four letters represent: Hayah, Hoveh, and Yiyeh—He was, He is, He will be. So His name is actually three-in-one: Yehovah, Yehoveh, and Yehovih. Therefore the name is unpronounceable because we cannot pronounce three variants concurrently. It is phonetically impossible.
It is His written name because He is the Word of God. And, the name simply describes that He is the all-encompassing One—the Alpha and the Omega, the Aleph and the Taph, the beginning and the end, the past, present and future. Just as Yeshua's name means salvation, God's name means that He is everything. His name characterizes who He is.
Nothing in the Torah prohibits a person from pronouncing the Name of God.[ii] In fact, it is evident from scripture that God's Name was pronounced routinely. Many common Hebrew names contain Yah or Yahu, part of God's four-letter name. The name was pronounced as part of daily services in the temple, and currently the Temple Institute in Jerusalem is training Kohanim to pray the Aaronic blessing using the full name of God for service in the future temple. [iii]
The strongest evidence in favor of Hovah (as in Ye-ho-vah), is that in Hebrew Ye is the future tense of "to be" as in "shall;" ho is the present tense of "to be" as in "is;" and ah is the past tense of "to be" as in "was." Thus Ye-ho-ah can mean "who was, who is, and who shall be." This is in perfect alignment with God's own words, "I am that I am." When we insert the Vav (V sound) we have the pronunciation of: Ye-ho-v-ah.
There is much debate about the actual pronunciation of the Lord's name, and from the above we can see why. The most important thing however is to realize that YHVH (יְהוָה) is His personal name, and we must read His word from that place of intimacy. Using the words God and Lord are generic and do not speak to His sovereignty and authority, neglect the attributes of His character that are attached to His name, and leave us speaking to or hearing about God rather than speaking to or hearing from God. I personally choose to use the name Yehovah in most of my prayers, but that is just my personal preference.


text:
I reported at the E- SOCIETY RESOURCE CENTRE on Monday 10/02/2014, and I was welcomed by Miss Joy Morgan.
At the moment, I did not feel at home, the place was quiet but with conducive environment, I was told to apply which was very difficult but I tried and made it, my journey of computer training began
it did not become easy for me and more to that Miss Joy told me to work out what I know about computer, I only knew to start up, games and surfing. At E-SOCIETY RESOURCE CENTRE, I did not find many of my agements, many of the people that approached the room were big gentlemen and ladies with offices and this made me more uncomfortable but with time I came to feel at home, I was able to meet new people, and some friendly while others minded on their business.
As at centre I was taught by joy about Microsoft office word followed by Microsoft office access , under Microsoft office word I learnt many things such as inserting picture water mark within the text , inserting columns within the text and this was so interesting more to that I was given work such as designing a certificate and did not seem to be simple but with the knowledge I had acquired from Miss Joy , I tried my level best and succeeded
I acquired many skills and this will make my life move on well and simple while at campus. Since I will be able to do my own coursework .
I remain Ahumuza Patience Pays (S.6 vacist) from mbarara high school


text:
- Sellersappro-cat-rescue.us
- List Pricepiece
- Sale Pricepiece
- ShippingFree Shipping
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Product Description
20 x Suspender Clips
More Details:
Ideal to use to make insignia, dummy straps, sling clips and so on.
Great for making pacifier holders, bib clips, toy holder and many additional craft items.
Great design of the bottom of each clip.
Color: Silver
Material: Alloy
Size: Approx. 35 x 14mm / 1.38"x 0.559"(L x W)
Loop Width: Approx. 20mm / 0.78"Package Included:
20 x Suspender Clips
More Details:


text:
Google Labs' new Code Search makes it easier for hackers to find database username and password details by entering strings that are commonly used within configuration files. With the ability for hackers to easily search through publicly available code in one place, the concept of Security Through Obscurity has taken further damage.
A simple search through Google Code Search for "username file:wp-config.php" reveals a number of non-sample usernames and passwords for Wordpress mysql databases, some even being root. The thing that really stands out is that the majority of these files come from archives.
The message from this is simple, if you are making a backup of your files, do not use http to transfer them. Even if you are careful, you may accidentally put them into a directory that outputs its contents and before you know it, Google has your details and you are at threat. Placing the archives out of the web root and using scp or a properly jailed ftp client is a much better idea.
It will be interesting to see if anyone develops a bot to utilise this exceedingly good hacking tool that Google has unwittingly built. In Google's defence though, if proper security procedures were followed, there would never be a problem. Thing is though, the Web has a history of not following rules.
Full Bio
Some would say that it is a long way from software engineering to journalism, others would correctly argue that it is a mere 10 metres according to the floor plan.During his first five years with CBS Interactive, Chris started his journalistic adventure in 2006 as the Editor of Builder AU after originally joining the company as a programmer.Leaving CBS Interactive in 2010 to follow his deep desire to study the snowdrifts and culinary delights of Canada, Chris based himself in Vancouver and paid for his new snowboarding and poutine cravings as a programmer for a lifestyle gaming startup.Chris returns to CBS in 2011 as the Editor of TechRepublic Australia determined to meld together his programming and journalistic tendencies once and for all.In his free time, Chris is often seen yelling at different operating systems for their own unique failures, avoiding the dreaded tech support calls from relatives, and conducting extensive studies of internets — he claims he once read an entire one.


text:
BlogStay Up To Date With The Latest Releases, Events & News!
New Release: Enchanted Tales Anthology
Join my Book Blast with Goddess Fish Tour!
Goddess Fish Promotions is organizing a Virtual Book Blast Tour for Dark Child by Miriam Newman, a Romance book available now from DCL Publications. The Book Blast Tour will take place on Wednesday, January 3, 2018. This tour will not include interviews or guest...
Join The Chronicles of Alcinia Virtual Tour!
I hope you'll join me along for the ride! August 28: The Avid Reader August 29: Laurie's Paranormal Thoughts and Reviews August 30: Christine Young August 30: Hearts and Scribbles - promo August 31: Lisa Haselton's Reviews and Interviews September 1: Fabulous and...
Re-Release: The Chronicles of Alcinia
I'm happy to announce that The Chronicles of Alcinia is back in an e-book bundle form. Available for the first time as an e-book bundle, the award-winning historical fantasy series The Chronicles of Alcinia weaves a tale of war, history, passion and romance. In Book...
New Release: Invanine
New Release: Ebook Bundle, Confessions of the Cleaning Lady and Stupid Cupid


text:
In collaboration with our regional offices in Tunisia, AMIDEAST U.A.E. has developed the necessary scales to convert French marks (out of 20) to the American letter grade and GPA system. This ensures that students of French schools who are applying to American colleges and universities can submit both their original French transcripts and an AMIDEAST stamped conversion into the American letter grade system. Since most American colleges and universities are not familiar with the French system, all translated transcripts are accompanied with a written explanation of the French marking system and how it is translated. AMIDEAST's recognition among US institutions of higher learning ensures that the translation (stamped by AMIDEAST) is accepted as accurate and true.
Fees for this service are:
**Some universities may require that the conversions are sent directly from AMIDEAST. We may send an official e-copy directly to the requested university for 25 AED, or mail an official hard copy directly to the university for 25 AED per page plus courier fee. It is the client's responsibility to verify what form of submission is acceptable for the university.
Please contact +971 2 445 6720 or firstname.lastname@example.com for more information on this service.


text:
Shipfax has a good account of her sailpast.
I had another commitment earlier in the evening, and only managed to make it to the waterfront for her final run down the Halifax waterfront and out to sea. Some photos from her visit and sailpast today:
|Scheduled for an 0730 arrival, QM2 was already alongside before 0630.
|A three shot panorama as she cleared the Svitzer pier. Sometime panoramas are necessary when you just don't have time to put a wider lens on the camera.
|HMCS MONTREAL escorting QM2 out to sea.
|A lit up QM2 heading out to sea as the light fails. HMCS MONTREAL is noticeably smaller in this image.


text:
Your Old Camera Lenses
By: TLP PHOTO
There are some amazing lenses out there in the world today and as a Phase One consumer their new Blue Line hands down is one of the sharpest. With that said all lenses today are designed to be sharp and obtain as much detail as possible.
Postproduction allows us to turn these incredibly detailed and sharp photos into artistic imagery; but what if we wanted to create in camera effects? Is there an option?
Yes, there has be a recent revival among vintage lenses in the photo and filmmaking community. Perhaps it's the hip look or the affordable pricing that is driving pros to shoot and experiment with used glass. For now, you can still get many lenses for a bargain But with the recent uptick in popularity the price of used lenses may increase as well.
The best bargains out there are for old Nikon AI lenses and also Canon FD lenses. The Nikons tend to be a bit more expensive as they can still be used on current Nikon cameras without an adapter. However, when Canon made the move the EOS range back in the early 1990's they abandoned the old FD mount. This mount was used on a range of excellent lenses used for both pro and consumer cameras. Medium format vintage lenses and adapters are just as ready available; these lenses can even be mounted on your DSLR.
One of my favorite features of the vintage glass is the external aperture ring. If these vintage lenses didn't have external aperture control it would be very difficult to use them in modern productions. This is due to the camera's inability to communicate with lens. However, when you have external aperture control you can change the f-stop with a simple wheel turn.
Some vintage lenses have awesome distortions. While it may not be great for shooting modern portraits or weddings, the distortions created by shooting on vintage glass can be incredibly stylish and unique. Vintage glass usually has more chromatic aberrations and the focus can be a little soft, but if you want to get the popular hipster look, vintage glass is perfect.
Most vintage lenses have some vingetting ,but in a good way. Distance and size isn't always perfect with vintage glass, so you can expect to see vingetting with older lenses. While some would argue that vingetting is a bad thing, it can sometimes create an interesting effect. This is particularly helpful if you are trying to get a vintage look with your lens, but it all depends on your personal preference.
Whatever way you attach an old lens to a new camera, the chances are you will not have electronic aperture control or auto focus. Older lenses are ironically best suited to newer mirrorless cameras. The reason for this is that because you have to manually stop down the lens aperture, mirrorless cameras will compensate the amount of light coming through the viewfinder making the image still seem bright to the eye. In a DSLR, because the viewfinder is optical, as you stop down, less light reaches your eye.
Mirrorless cameras also have electronic focusing aids such as peaking and live zoom to help you get perfect manual focus with that old lens. Old lenses take a little bit of work but with some practice, you can get some stunning images.


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Memory's role in processes of cultural production, including intertextuality and citation, has emerged in the last few decades as an prominent area of enquiry in medieval and Renaissance studies, not only in literary studies but also in histories of art, music, religion and law. The recognition-- precipitated by the "linguistic turn" of the 1960s and 1970s-- that early European cultural productions operated within a "web of significance" (to use Max Weber's turn of phrase popularized by Clifford Geertz) in which innovation occurred against the backdrop of tradition, brought a new appreciation of, for example, late medieval literature. Rather than dismissing this early literature as unoriginal, scholars understanding memory's place in the medieval reception of literature acknowledged the role that references to earlier models play in situating a work within literary culture. Part of the problem for present day readers, auditors and viewers of medieval literary, musical and pictorial arts, however, is our inability (unless appropriately tutored) to recognize citation when not part of these early European cultures. Compounding our distance from these cultures is our uncertainty as to where a familiar turn of phrase fits within a spectrum of authorial intentionality: is it a direct and salient reference to a particular work (and therefore must be read against the backdrop of that work) or is it simply part of general artistic culture? Thus serious scholarship that attempts to nurture a present-day awareness of these models and influences upon medieval and early modern cultural productions is to be greeted with enthusiasm.
If we consider its theoretical roots, Julia Kristeva proposed a radical and all-encompassing definition of intertextuality. [1] Whether it is justified or not, this radical view of intertextuality (which I actually favor) has been subsequently shunned in some circles in favor of more constrained, but sometimes no less problematic, terms such as "citation," "allusion" or "influence". These terms occupy a narrow band on intertextuality's spectrum of intentionality without resorting to the semiotic theory that lies at the heart of Kristeva's groundbreaking work. Given the intractability of past and present theoretical debate in this area of enquiry across multiple disciplines, the editors of this collection have opted to focus on examples that illustrate the practice of citation, intertextuality, and memory. Its thirteen chapters--preceded by a preface by the editors and an introduction by Lina Bolzoni which broaches many of the issues discussed above--as a whole exhibit a cross-disciplinary approach, although the degree to which individual contributions span more than one discipline is limited. Five chapters concern the fourteenth-century poet- composer Guillaume de Machaut (or his reputation); two chapters deal with early English lyric; a central kernel of chapters explores citation in early modern Italian literature and medical texts; and three chapters examine the pictorial arts, including book decoration. Jan Stejskal's chapter on the role that Italian humanists and the reformist John Jerome of Prague played in maintaining the memory of the Hussite reformists condemned at the Council of Constance fits less comfortably within the themes of this collection, despite its intrinsic merit. As such, this collection will appeal to historians of literature, music, art, and law, as well as to general historians whose interests lie in the period spanning the thirteenth to sixteenth centuries. The breadth of the collection may lie in the fact that its chapters originate from no less than three interdisciplinary gatherings of scholars over a period of five years: a pair of sessions convened by Plumley and Jossa at the 2004 annual conference of the Renaissance Society of America, and two workshops held in 2008 and 2009 at the University of Exeter as part of Plumley's "Citation and Allusion in the Late French Ars Nova Chanson and Motet" project.
In general, the book is well presented and carefully edited, although there are some minor problems and inconsistencies that might have been avoided. A more consistent approach to providing translations for readers less confident with non-English texts might have been adopted. Some chapters adopt the preferable approach of providing parallel translations; others relegate translations to endnotes (which are a compromise in my opinion). Those who read Chaucer in their youth will be able to cope with middle English texts, but not all readers will be comfortable with its archaic characters and more obscure words (e.g. "me reweth" [44], which some readers might recognize as a modal form of "(it) rues me" but still not understand this impersonal construction as "I pity"). Musical examples are crisp and clear, although the use of a "tilde" to indicate a plicated breve in one musical example (35) is not explained and some slurs appear to have disappeared on another musical example (177). Also, where is the caption on the following page (178)? The index of names is useful, but a volume like this would surely profit from a general index.
In the first chapter, Benjamin Albritton discusses the influence of Machaut's Lay de confort (L17) upon Chaucer and Froissart within the context of the English court of the early 1360s, a period during which a swath of French royalty and nobility had submitted to captivity in exchange for the release of King Jean II (which was short-lived following Louis of Anjou's escape from English custody). Following James Wimsatt's lead, Albritton illustrates how Chaucer models his English lyric on Machaut's L17, thus broaching a recurring thread examining how citation and intertextuality can span language boundaries. Ardis Butterfield is similarly concerned with how medieval English lyric forms might be re-evaluated in terms of the dynamism inherent in their re-use of Latin, French and English quotations (often moving from one language to another). This phenomenon, by virtue of its dispersal and lack of fixity, offers a glimpse of the medieval lyric's existence "off the page" that runs counter to "absolute" conceptions of form imposed by nineteenth-century anthologizers of Middle English lyric. Kathleen Palti takes up a closely related topic, examining how references to song and singing are incorporated into Middle English carols in two sources: London, British Library, MS Sloane 2593, and Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Eng.poet.1. In these carols, quotations of liturgical or moral texts evoke artificial and natural memories in literate and illiterate listeners.
Jacques Boogaart and Anne Stone furnish the volume's musicological essays. Boogaart examines how Machaut transforms (and sets to music) his textual models in four works, each a different genre. Boogaart perhaps goes too far in claiming that "such transformations allow us a glimpse into [Machaut's] creative mind, into the way in which he pondered and interpreted his chosen texts" (15). Besides there being simply too many questions in my own mind about what constitutes a "creative mind" at any one moment in a creative process, too often Boogaart is not certain whether Machaut used one model or another. But Boogaart is successful in demonstrating Machaut's constant re-voicing of poetic gender, although he is reticent to ascribe any significance to this fascinating feature. Anne Stone's playful "Machaut Sighted at Modena" is a valuable and timely contribution to the study of the reception of the dead fourteenth-century poet's works by early fifteenth-century composers, particularly the compiler of a famous music manuscript now housed at the Biblioteca Estense in Modena. Stone in part anticipates Elizabeth E. Leach's recent call for more scholarly attention to how Machaut's works succumb to new readings, adaptions and commentary in subsequent intertextual literary and music culture. [2] Stone also observes that early- fifteenth-century composers, operating within a more textualized culture, increasingly used musical citations in ways that asserted their authorial/compositional identity, often in stark contrast to their models.
One of the most striking aspect's of Leach's recent monograph on Machaut is its straightforward pronouncements on problematic uses of Machaut's works as a means of fleshing out the composer's still largely skeletal biography. [3] Machaut's Le livre du voir dit, purportedly a "true tale" of the over-70- year-old poet's affair with a young girl, is one work that has set biographers' imagination alight. Although R. Barton Palmer maintains in his contribution to this volume that a "real" love affair lay behind the letters scattered throughout the Voir dit, its narrativization reveals a tension between the autobiographical/mundane, Machaut's models (such as the Roman de la Rose), and the use of self-allusion dependent on this dit's material presence in a complete works manuscript as envisaged by Machaut himself. More than anything, Machaut's mind-boggling literary conceit reveals the genius of his old age constructing an impermeable metafictionality of his poetic identity. That Machaut was not unassisted in this task is the suggestion of the seventh chapter in this collection, Domenic Leo's reading of the two large miniatures that the Jean de Sy Master painted (possibly shortly after Machaut's death in 1377) at the beginning of what is now Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale MS Fr. 1584. These miniatures situate the composer, stooped over with old age, within an iconographical model that resembles Adoration of the Madonna scenes in late medieval art. Leo argues that this sets up an allegory in which Machaut represents the chaste, quasi-immaculate progenitor of his literary and musical works. Leo does not discuss whether his reading also suggests that Machaut has finally lost his grip on reality and was convinced of the salvific value of his art, but the Jean de Sy Master is clearly an accomplice to Machaut's surprisingly modern (Stravinsky-like?) concern for posterity.
Karel Thein also discusses an example of latent iconography. The intrusion of the Apocalypse into Bernardino of Siena's ekphrastic response in 1425 to Ambrogio Lorenzetti's Allegory of Good and Bad Government fits well with earlier proposals that the Good Government fresco is patterned upon pictorial compositions of the Last Judgement. Just as the Jean de Sy Master's miniatures might have reminded viewers of Marian imagery, Lorenzetti's fresco invites viewers to regard their deeds in terms of both civic and divine justice. Similarly, Anthony Musson considers how images decorating late medieval law manuscripts serve to guide, remind or entertain their readers. In one example, animals adorning the margins of a Magna carta in the Bodleian Library (MS Hattin 10) adopt human behaviors such as singing from a music book--behaviors which medieval thinkers regarded as the preserve of rational humanity. Although Musson holds that these images refer to the natural justice that is presumed to lie at the heart of the Magna carta (123), a visual irony or subversiveness also permeates these images since, while natural justice is regarded as an impulse shared by all creatures, humanity alone was capable of rationalizing it, in this case within a legal framework.
A sequence of three chapters by Monica Calabritto, Alessandro Daneloni and Stefano Jossa share several themes, but above all they are concerned with how classical models were received and repurposed by humanist and post-humanist Italian authors in the early modern period. Calabritto argues that for selected sixteenth-century Italian medical writers, including Giovanni Manardi, Antonio Musa Brasavola, Domenico Leoni, and Girolamo Mercuriale, the citation of classical authors played a central role in the period's program of humanist education, although these same authors often appropriate and decontextualize the past to serve their present medical concerns. Daneloni's essay on Angelo Poliziano's preface to his Miscellaneorum centuria prima reveals the extent to which this fifteenth-century humanist despised the pretentious misuse and abuse of classical authorities, the weighing down of texts with "operosissimae vanitates" (which Daneloni loosely tranlates as "useless and tiresome erudition") (78). Daneloni's impressive and masterful analysis of the classical authors imitated and emulated by Poliziano is matched by his understanding of Poliziano's role in moving humanist philology towards a strict and ethical reconstruction of ancient authors (81-83), an ideal that still resounds in the halls of Western learning. With his Orlando furioso, Ariosto operated within a slightly later form of Italian humanist culture, steeped in its obsession with imitatio and variation, and making abundant use of classical and medieval models. But as Jossa argues in his essay, Ariosto stitches his sources together in such a way that they stand in stark, dialogic contrast to his own novel and modern language. Jossa may be correct in pointing out the similarities of Ariosto's intertextual process with Bahktin's theory of dialogism. I don't see, however, how one of Ariosto's sources, the twelfth-century forgery that was supposedly Archbishop Turpin's History of Charlemagne and Roland, can be considered an "imaginary literary source" (83).
The strength of this collection (which is the first volume in a two-volume set) is a cross-disciplinarity that brings the arts and related fields into fruitful dialog. This is to be commended, especially from my perspective, that of musicology, which all to often adopts a highly specialized approach to its topic without considering music's synoptic relationship with the other arts. I look forward to the continuation of this dialog in the forthcoming second volume.
-------- Notes:
1. Julia Kristeva, Desire in Language: A Semiotic Approach to Literature and Art (Oxford: Blackwell, 1980).
2. Elizabeth Eva Leach, Guillaume de Machaut: Secretary, Poet, Musician (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2011), 319.
3. Leach, Guillaume de Machaut, 27


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Leader competence: 4 ways to make sure leaders have the right skills and knowledge
The Australian Adventure Activity Standards (AAS) suggests four ways on how to make sure leaders have the right skills and knowledge.
These are:
- 'a peer recognition and verification process',
- 'outdoor sector or organisational accreditation system',
- 'training qualifications and/or a training course'
- or 'leader registration schemes'.
It also allows for suitable adjustment of what skills and knowledge leaders require depending on the actual circumstances, as we all know that one size does not fit all.
The key to understanding leader competence is to consider:
- What skills and knowledge does a leader need for the specific context of the activity?
- What is the most suitable way to make sure the leader has the needed skills and knowledge?
Competent leaders improve safety
Dependent participants (see explanation of dependent participants here) may not have the skills and knowledge to keep themselves safe. So, it is critical that adventure activity leaders leading activities with dependent participants have the right skills and knowledge to manage their own safety and the safety of others.
Activity providers are best placed to decide the skills and knowledge needed
The same type of activity can differ in context. For example:
- there are differences in the competencies needed to run rock climbing on an artificial climbing wall to rock climbing on a cliff face
- bushwalking can vary such as day walks or overnight, on a well-worn track or off track through dense scrub, with students or people living with an intellectual disability.
The competence a leader needs depends on many factors. So, it is up to the activity provider to consider those factors and then decide on what competencies a leader in that situation needs. The Australian AAS notes this in the
Core Standard v1.7 on page 35 Core Good Practice Guide v1.8.1 page 27: "Providers MUST determine the competencies required by activity leaders based on the context of the activity."
Leaders need to be competent
Leaders can get experience, skills and knowledge in many ways. They may have gained it through others showing them what to do, reading a book, watching a video or trial and error. This could have been improved through active participation such as 'personal trips' and 'other experience'. Some might have even done a training course. Getting the competence necessary to be a leader is likely to come from a variety of ways.
If competence is gained through different methods, then for example, needing to have a TAFE qualification to show you are competent, is not a method that will work in every situation. That is why the Australian AAS focuses on the 'competence of the leader' and not 'leader qualifications': "Providers responsible for the delivery of an activity MUST be responsible for selecting suitably competent persons to lead and supervise that activity." Core Good Practice Guide v1.8.1 page 28
Core Standard v1.7 page 36.
Four methods to check leader competence
The Australian AAS suggests 4 methods of how to ensure leaders are competent:
"The pathways used for recognising competence may include but are not limited to:
- training qualifications and/or a training course
- outdoor sector or organisational accreditation system
- leader registration scheme
- peer recognition and verification process.
A combination of pathways may be used." (Core Good Practice Guide v1.8.1 page 29
Core Standard v1.7 page 37)
A very common means of determining leader competence is via a "peer recognition and verification process". This usually has a member or members who are competent and experienced leaders, verifying a potential leader's skills and knowledge before they are can lead dependent groups.
Some organisations and groups have their own "organisational accreditation system" to ensure leaders, coaches, instructors, facilitators etc. have the appropriate skills and knowledge. The context in which these are issued might be very specific situations (e.g. running rock climbing on a specific climbing tower) or more general situations (e.g. guide kayaking on class 3 rivers).
While a qualification is one way an activity provider might recognise a leader's competence, it is not the only way.
Training units list skills and knowledge needed
The AAS refer to training units to show the skills and knowledge recommended for many dependent participant situations. This can be modified by the activity provider depending on the specific activity context and requirements. It is important that activity providers have appropriate reasons where recommended leader's skills and knowledge are not required by leaders. In all cases the skills and knowledge should be relevant. For example, there may be no need to have competencies for 'compass navigation skills' when the activity is on a 'paved and sign posted footpath'. But having bushwalking 'land based navigation' skills is likely to be insufficient to be competent in 'marine navigation' for sea kayaking.
Many organisations do not have the resources to develop their own skill and knowledge lists. Even if they did, having everyone create their own list from scratch is inefficient. It is far easier and more efficient to amend an existing skills and knowledge list to fit the context.
Leader competence summary
The key points are:
- The AAS is designed for situations where they are dependent participants – a good starting first question to ask is 'are the participants dependent participants?'
- The AAS provides recommended units that describe the 'skills and knowledge' for leading groups of dependent participants
- Activity providers need to decide what skills and knowledge is appropriate for their own context and circumstances – this might vary the units and/or particular 'skills and knowledge' needed
- Activity providers need to use some method to check that leaders have the required competence – there are four recognition pathways to choose from and this might use a combination of methods
Note: Post edited 4 Oct 2018 to update the page references and change the keyword "shall" to "must".


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UPDATE: At least four people are dead after a powerful earthquake with a preliminary magnitude of 6.8 shook central Myanmar on Wednesday, knocking glasses off tables and sending people running out of buildings in the country's largest city. The U.S. Geological Survey said the quake was centered about 25 kilometers (15 miles) west of Chauk, an area west of the ancient capital of Bagan. It was located fairly far below the Earth's surface at a depth of about 84 kilometers (52 miles), it said. Deep earthquakes generally cause less surface damage.
At least 185 brick pagodas in Bagan were damaged, the Ministry of Religious and Cultural Affairs said in a statement. Bagan, also known as Pagan, has more than 2,200 structures including pagodas and temples constructed from the 10th to the 14th centuries. Many are in disrepair while others have been restored in recent years, aided by the U.N. cultural agency UNESCO. CONTINUE


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Fukushima No Go Zone – Retracing Our Steps is a touching a series of photographs in which the former inhabitants of the nuclear exclusion zone of Fukushima are back to pose in their former workplaces, now forbidden because of radioactivity. Some moving and powerful images taken in Japan by the two French photographers Carlos Ayesta and Guillaume Bression , who brought together all of their projects about Fukushima on their Fukushima No Go Zone website. We already talked about them with their previous series entitled Bad dreams? . I also invite you to discover the work of photographer Arkadiusz Podniesinski and his impressive photos from the nuclear exclusion zone of Fukushima .
Images © Carlos Ayesta + Guillaume Bression / source