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The number of nozzles is a function of the nozzle flow rate, gas turbine airflow rate, and the design DBT and RH utilized.
The rationale for the selection of this distance is provided in Sec. 4 and is essentially that the rate of growth of droplet size diminishes after around 8–10 cm—see Sec. 4).
The response time is the time taken for the droplet to attain airflow velocity.
Typical airflow velocities in gas turbine ducts when the fog nozzles are located after the filters.
This value is typical for heavy duty gas turbines.
It is true that with poor drainage system design, the agglomerated droplets may be of larger size and have the potential to erode blades over time.
This can be accentuated with compressor fouling degradation.
This avoids problems with wetting of the silencers, excessive drainage, and also the washing of accumulated dirt into the compressor. Of course, the duct geometry and dimensions must offer an adequate residence time for evaporation for this location.
Several gas turbine power augmentation techniques are available to counter the detrimental drop in power and thermal efficiency that occur at high ambient temperatures. Inlet fogging and wet compression are two common and relatively simple techniques. This paper addresses the influence and importance of droplet size on evaporative cooling performance and efficiency. Spray nozzles used for inlet fogging and wet compression include impaction pin, swirl jet, air assisted, and swirl flash nozzle designs. The evaporation efficiency of the atomized droplets from these nozzles depends on the droplet size, size distribution, and spray plume shape. Droplets size varies with nozzle type, configuration, operating conditions, and nozzle manifold location in the gas turbine inlet duct and are affected by airflow velocity, residence time, coalescence effects, and water carryover. The proper selection of nozzle type, nozzle manifold location, and nozzle distribution are of cardinal importance to avoid large droplets and under-/oversaturated areas, which would affect compressor mechanical and aerodynamic efficiency. Analytical and numerical studies are compared with experimental results. This paper provides a comprehensive treatment of parameters affecting droplet size and will be of value to gas turbine fog system designers and users.
Wind tunnel section showing the Malvern Spraytec measurement system for nozzle testing under airflow conditions
Typical fog nozzle array
Typical plume shape from ((a)–(d)) impaction-pin nozzles and ((d) and (e)) swirl-jet nozzles
Droplet sizes measurement locations in the plume
Effect of airflow velocity on droplet sizes DV90: solid line and D32: dashed line. (a) and (b) Impaction pin and (c) and (d) swirl jet.
Effect of measurement distance on droplet size at 207 bars (3000 psi) pressure: (a) impaction-pin type and (b) swirl-jet type
Effect of ambient humidity on droplet size at different axial distances from the nozzle at 138 bars (2000 psi) pressure
Effect of flow rate on droplet size
Effect of water temperature on droplet size for different operating pressures
Effect of water temperature on droplet size
Effect of plume width on droplet size as function of airflow velocity (measurement taken at 20 cm from nozzle orifice)
Cumulative volume showing total injected water, unevaporated water, and evaporated water for ambient conditions of ((a)–(d)) 45°C(113°F) with 5% RH and ((e) and (f)) 15°C(59°F) with 80% RH. Residence time is 1 s.
Picture taken at operating pressure: 207 bars; distance of measurement: 7.2 cm; and airflow velocity: 4.1 m/s
Vortex ingestion into axial compressor bellmouth from water pooled on the floor
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5 Essential Elements For long term dual diagnosis treatmentIndications of the psychological health and fitness ailment may also vary considerably. Warnings signs, for instance Intense temper variations, confused considering or troubles concentrating, keeping away from close friends and social routines and feelings of suicide, may very well be motive to seek enable.
Alternatively, the abuse of selected substances also can interrupt healthier brain working and growth and lead to the prevalence of mental health concerns.
A variety of care using a tailored treatment system and comply with-up alternatives is usually important to accomplishment. Treatment should really consist of each medical and mental wellbeing products and services as required. Adhere to-up care may perhaps include Group- or loved ones-based Restoration support units.
When Mind chemistry is transformed due to substance abuse, individuals may possibly truly feel additional content, energetic, and sociable. They may just take greater challenges, have interaction in likely harmful behaviors, and make bad decisions. Drugs could also alter moods and may result in a person to undergo psychotic signs or turn into aggressive or violent.
Telephone phone calls to treatment center listings not connected to ARS will go directly to All those centers. DrugRehab.com and ARS are usually not to blame for those calls.
Actually, multidimensional ways to dealing with substance abuse are thriving ample a large number of states are beginning to allocate money for making treatment inexpensive for individuals who want it most.
The risk for progressing to cocaine is 104 moments higher When you've got smoked marijuana no less than as soon as than in case you never smoked cannabis.
Inpatient or residential treatment can also be quite successful, specifically for People with far more extreme problems (including co-developing Diseases). Accredited residential treatment services offer you 24-hour structured and intense treatment, including safe housing and health-related attention.
Long-term substance abuse may lead to dependence and habit. It can also lead to the next problems:
When the dependency is extremely severe, residential stays are demonstrated to generally be powerful in serving to addicts get clean up to ensure that other fundamental troubles, for instance melancholy or social issues, could be addressed by means of medication and therapy directed at making coping tactics and ideal social carry out.
Drug Use to Abuse Any usage of an illicit drug is classed as drug abuse. Prescription drugs may also be misused when a person who doesn't Possess a prescription uses them. Essentially, drug diversion takes place every time a prescription drug is diverted from licit channels and brought with out a prescription. Prescription drugs are diverted via theft, fraudulent prescriptions, illicit sale, and by borrowing, getting, or taking them from the relative or Good friend totally free.
Remaining surrounded by a assistance process of fellow sufferers and counselors that supply encouragement all over the treatment approach
Scientific study since the mid-seventies reveals that drug abuse treatment can assist lots of drug-making use of offenders adjust their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors towards drug abuse; prevent relapse; and successfully get rid of on their own from the lifetime of substance abuse and criminal offense. Most of the ideas of dealing with drug dependancy are equivalent for people today within the felony justice system as for those in the final inhabitants.
Dual diagnosis (also referred to as co-taking place Ailments, COD, or dual pathology)[1][two] could be the affliction of suffering from the mental illness along with a comorbid substance abuse issue. There's significant read more discussion surrounding the appropriateness of utilizing only one group for a heterogeneous team of individuals with sophisticated requires plus a diversified variety of difficulties. The strategy can be used broadly, for instance melancholy and alcoholism, or it can be restricted to specify intense psychological sickness (e.

subset: commoncrawl


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Theo?'s msn is set to busy, so: How do i clean my laptop screen?
its reet skanky. its probably permanently damaged, cleanliness wise. maybe. what type of cloth? any soap-type product?
its one of those shiney screens thats like a flatscreen pc monitor, rather than most laptop screens....
sorry if this thread is a little selfish, but i imagine lots of people have dirty computer screens withoout really knowing what to do about it.
With a sponge and
a bucket of water
ten quid!!!
just get some kitchen paper and wipe off the dust. it'll be fine...
Well I wouldn't use kitchen paper
I actually use window cleaner on normal CRTs. I'm not sure what I'd use on my Laptop screen since it's a Sony one and is (like yours) shiney rather than the normal 'matt' sort of feel.
Currently I've actually just wiped it with my glasses cloth, but I am thinking of getting those little 'window wipe' clothes from the supermarket.
However, most likely I will just spray some window cleaner on and wipe it with a soft cloth...Not a jay cloth and not a piece of kitchen roll...
I used window cleaner
I wish I hadn't the screen goes smudgey periodically ever since and need sto be wiped. I suggest an almost-dry slightly moist dishcloth, then going over it with a dry on afterwards.
if you go to some vaguely computer-selling place, they will sell you screen wipes.
thing is computer screens USED to be shiny. remember? back in the days before flat matt screens? hard and shiny and curved. and there were always purchasable screenwipes for them.
but otherwise, yeah. tiny bit of water on a cloth, then dry cloth.


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Thrustmaster recently introduced the TS-PC Racer, an enthusiast steering wheel for PC priced at $500. That's a hefty price tag for a steering wheel that is lacking pedals. How does it differ from its cheaper brethren and is the Thrustmaster TS-PC Racer worth its price? To find out, we've slotted ourselves into our simulator racing seat.
With race classes like Formula 1, WEC and IMSA gaining popularity, it's not a big surprise that racing games are on the rise again. The past few months we've seen big names in racing games release the latest versions of their games. Project Cars 2, Forza Motorsport 7 and Formula 1 2017 have been very well received indeed. If you want to get the most out of games like these and make it as realistic as possible, you will be needing a steering wheel. Thrustmaster's latest wheel, the TS-PC Racer, is placed in the high-range segment and is supposed to appeal to enthusiast gamers.
This mean it comes equipped with a Force Feedback generator that is more powerful and faster than those found in cheaper steering wheels. The TS-PC also comes with 16-bits resolution and a base including a metal F1-style steering wheel including suede leather grips. This is all sounds very nice of course, but how does the TS-PC perform in the real world and can it justify its price tag which is almost double of what you pay for the popular T300 models. We got behind the wheel to find out.


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Áine Cahill is an Irish singer-songwriter.
Born in Cavan on August 16, 1994, she was inspired by artists such as Lady Gaga, Lana Del Rey and Marina and the Diamonds to create her own music at the age of 16. After releasing a string of singles including "Black Dahlia" and "The 27 Club", she played at Glastonbury and Electric Picnic in summer 2016, attracting online buzz and acclaim. 2017 saw the release of two further singles: "Plastic" and "Blood Diamonds" featuring Courage. Towards the end of the year, she signed a deal with East West Records–a division of Warner Music UK–and released her first major label single, "Beauty Is a Lie", the following July.


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Would you like to simplify the gift giving this year? I have several ideas for you to consider. It may seem difficult at first because you and I are most probably entrenched in our gift giving habits. If you are at all like me perhaps you think it has gotten a bit out of hand. You might be surprised that those on your list might just feel the same way. To that end I would like to suggest some ideas that I have come up with to simplify the gift giving aspect of the holiday while at the same time maintaining the spirit of the season and giving you back some precious time to spend with those who mean the most to you.
Try this activity to help you on the path to simplification. List out the names of the people who you plan to give gifts to. Next, put a check mark next to those on your list that you think might be open to the idea of not exchanging gifts. Then put a plus sign by anyone who might be willing to exchange fewer or simpler gifts. Finally put an X next to those who would oppose this change whatsoever. Doing this should give you a better idea of how to approach gift giving ideas. Here then is a list of ideas to share with those who are up for a change and simplification. I think that these will work for most families and offices. Put a check next to the ones that might work for you.
- Name drawing – Put everyone's name in a hat and draw the name of one person that you will now be giving a gift to.
- Trimming a few names – Talk with the people who might welcome the idea of not to exchange gifts. Instead give one another the gift of time and gathering for Christmas Cheer instead.
- Family Gifts – Give one gift per household instead of separate gifts for everyone.
- Just for kids – Keep giving gifts for young kids only.
- Alternative Gifts – Give simple handmade or homemade gifts this year. Give gifts of service, a special cause, a special trip or vacation.
Keep in mind one alternative won't work for everyone. Make separate arrangements for separate households or groups.
If you choose to consider this idea, keep in mind that it takes time to break old habits and traditions. Give people time to consider and adjust their mindset to the idea. Given time and patience I am confident people will discover this idea fulfilling and discover the change is well worth the effort.
"Never stop learning and adapting. Since the world is changing perhaps you should consider changing too." – David Niven, Ph.D.


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my favorite things outside
One of the best parts about living in the burbs is just how much outdoor time you can really have. This does potentially lead to many many trips to Lowes but it also leads to sun-kissed cheeks and slightly blonder hair.
While I clearly love my whole garden, I think one of the best parts is certainly the "slate" walkway. I had spent so much time getting all those silly lobster bricks from the beach. I honestly thought I was done stealing things from nature. Then I realized I needed a path... or I would be weeding all the time.
I love the path because I made it myself. It feels like the anchor to the garden. The hub. Everything starts from it. I'm not sure what will happen to it each year. Do I take it all up and re-do it? Probably. Next year, I'll find a way for the drip irrigation system to not run right through it. Cause that's pretty annoying. But honestly, there is something therapeutic about readjusting the stones. Filling in the gaps. Shifting them around. It's like a puzzle.
No, it's not perfect. It's a little bumpy and uneven. But with each little rain storm and passing day, the ground settles more around it. Kinda love it. Plus, I didn't pay for any of it at Lowes or Aubuchon. I looked back at my credit card statement to see how many times I went and it now makes so much more sense why the lady at Lowe's started to recognize me. And if I'm being honest, I feels like there might be some trips missing from this listing.
Other favorite parts of the yard? All my red geraniums. I fell in love with the picturesque red geraniums of Provincetown during our trip last year. It's weird that I don't have a picture of them at all... but they were just so simple and punchy and awesome. I got a bit particular about the shade of red. Lowe's just didn't have it at all. Their red was more like a pink. But now, it's pretty nice to come home and see bright red geraniums lining the walkway. There are some downsides however. The red is so strong that it stains the granite stones. Win some, lose some.


text:
der the provisions of a homestead law, while his creditors are kept out of what is justly due them; bilt that matter rests in the discretion of the lawmaking power, and credit is given the debtor in full view of this comprehensive exemption. It follows that this bill eannot be sustained, and must be dismissed.
OI'.rIZENS' BANK OF LOUISIANA v. BOARD OF ASSESSORS FOB THE PARISH OF ORLEANS et al.
(Circuit Court, E. D. Louis1ana. January 23, 1893.)
No. 12,112.
1. TAXATION-ExEMPTIONS-PRESUMPTIONS. The presumption is always against an exemption from taxation, and the
burdl'n is on the party claiming the exemption to establish a legislati,e 1J:1,tent to that effect by a. clear preponderance of persuasive facUl. By the charter of the Citizens' Bank of Louisiana, as amended by Acts La. 1836, p. 16, the state loaned to the bank $12,000,000 of iUl bonds, of which $7,000,000 were actually used. These bonds were to constitute the capital of the bank, and were indorsed by it and sold. '1 he stockholders were not immediately to pay anything upon their subscriptions, bnt were merely to furnish mortgages upon (,'ll1tivated lands and slaves. Thtlse mortgagE'S were to be held as security for payment of the bonds, and were to bear 5 per cent. interest. The bank was to build certain railroads and canals, which were ultimately to be turned over to the state, and the state was to have a. small share of the profiUl of the bank, bnt only a small fraction of the profits were to be distributed either to the state or totlw shareholders nntil after tb.':l successive installments. of the bonds had been paid. 'Chus, practically, all the stock, securities, and profits of the bank 'l,'iere pledged and impounded fOl' the payment of the bonds. The. act provided that the ca[lital of the bank should be entirely exempt from taxation "during the continuance of its charter." HeW that, as the exemption was for the purpose of facilitating the repayment to the state of the Qapital thus advanced, the exemption must be construed to continue, not only for the duration of its charter as then fixed, but for as long as the charter should exist as extended by the st'lte at any future time. for the purpl-se of securing the repayment of such advances; and, the chartpr having been extended in 1874, the exemption ulsocontinned, although, by the constitution of 1868 then in force, the power of exempting property from taxation, except such as was used for church, school, or charitable purposes, was denied to the legislature. of the bonds having been paid, the legislatu!.'e. in 1880, (Acts 1880, No. 79,) authorized the bank to compromise und settle the liability of the stockholders upon their mortgages, the sums realized therefrom to be in satisfaction of the state bonds. but provided that the act shGUld not take effect unless within 12 months it was accepted, under the conditions prescribed in articles 234 and 237 of the state constitution. Article 234 PfOvided that the legislature should not renew, alter, or amend the charter of any existing corporation, or pass any general or special law for the benefit thereof, except upon condition that such corporation should thereafter "hold its charter subject to the provisions of this constitution." Held that, by accepting the act of 1880, the bank consented to waive the exemption from taxation, and the exemption would then have ceased if the legislature had power under the constitution to impose this condition. Article Ii of the constitution of Louisiana, which declares that the right of the people peaceably to assemble andpetitioD the IOvernment, or any
vol. 54.
departmept ,thereot, ,shall never. ,be .allrldged, secures to every person, naturiilQrnrWicial, right tQ.aPiPly to any depi\J.1;D:lent of the governtor the redress '01'" grievances, or the ment, including the bestowal ota right, and is also a guaranty of the enjoyment of such redress or right, When obtalnl.>d, free f1'om all forfeiture or penalty for having sought or obtalned it; and when. this article is. l"ead in connection with article 234, forbidding the legisla:ture to remit the forfeiture of the charter of any existing corporation, or renew, alter, or amend the same, or pass any law for the b'Jnefit of such corporation, except upon condition that such corp9ration shall thereafter hold its charter subject to the provisions of the existing constitution, it is clear that the legislature is prohibited from at all impeding the right of petition, except that, when it has thus granted a fllvor tQ a corporation, it ll18Y interfere with that right so far as to exact It surrender' of all privileges other than those· which could be granted under the existing constitution.
It appearing that it would have been ruinous to the stockholders, and detrimental to the credit of the state, to enforce the payment of the stock mortgages' accordlngto the tenus of the Citizens' charter, owing to the destruction 'of slave property, and the devastation of the war, the act of the state in authorizing the bank to compromise the liability of the Itockholders upon their mortgages was for the benefit of the state, and . for the purpose of ultimately securing payment of its,bonds, and was therefore not a privilege orfa:vor granted to the bank.. Hence the legislature had no' authority under. the constitution, to' imp05e. upon the bank the condition that tbeexemptionfrom taxation should bethereatter waived; and, although the bank, !by.its acceptance of the act, Intended to walve the exemption, the attempted waiver was of no effect, 'and the capital of the bank·1.$ stilI. exempt from taxation.
TheimpOSitlon of ,a' tax upon the shares of the bank according to the Louislanastatute, which requires the bank to pay the tax, and then look· to the dividends upon the shares and to the stockholders for reimbursement, is a tax upon the bank itself. New Orleans v. Houston, 7 Sup. Ot. Rep. 198, 119 U. S. 265, followed.
In Equity. Bill by the Citizens' Bank of LoUisiana against the board of assessors for parish .ofOrleans and others to enjoin.the collection of taxes. Heard on application for an injunction pendente lite. Granted. :,', Henry O. Miller, for complainant. E. A. O'Sullivan an.dHenry Renshaw, for city of New Orleans and board of assessors. M. J. Cunningham, Atty. Gen., and R. Lyons, for tax collectors. BILLINGS, District Judge. This case has been submitted upon an application for an injunctioIl. pendente lite. The defendants are about to levy and collect a tax upon the shares of the bank. The question to be passed upon is whether the shares are exempted frl>m taxation. The 'ortginaJ.chart:er was grB,.nted in 1833. Acts 1833, p. 172. That act contemplated that the capital of the bank, which was .fixed .at $14,000,000, .would be by the issuance by the bank of its own., bonds. Th-e subscribers· for the stock were 00 pay nothingupoll' their subscripttoml', but were to funiish mortgages upon cultivated lands and 'SlaVes to secure the payment of their SU1:¥Jeri. 'p. ,Th mo;r.t.g . es'·:w.ere to. be h.ald .l¥J a seeurity .. ... .. for of the bank, a.ft;er three. years of
CITIZE..'lis' BANK
effort, found itself unable to negotiate>' its o'Wnbonds. Conse.quentls, in 1836,' '(Acts 1836, p. 16,) the ch.arter of the bank was amended, and the bonds of' the' state were loaned to the bank as its capital, to the amount of $12,000,000. The state was to have a graduated interest in the profits of the bank,-a. one·sixth interest in case the loan of bonds should be taken to the amount of the full capital. The amount of state bonds actually used by the bank was· $7,000,000. In 1852 the charter of the bank, having been forfeited for a failure to comply with the law with reference to specie payment, (Acts 1852, p. 109, No. 141,) was restored to the corporation, and it was reinvested with all the rights and priv· ileges· which it enjoyed under the original and amended charter. The original and amended charter of the bank, which was for 51 years, and would have expired in 1884, was in 1874 (Acts 1874, p. 77, No. 40) extended for the further period of 27 years, viz. till 1911. At the time of the granting of the originaJ and amended charters,-L e. in 1833 and 1836,-there was no constitutional prohibition which directly or inferentially prevented the legislature from exempting from taxation the capital of the bank. In 1874, when the charter was extended, the constitution of 1868 was in foree. Article 118 of that constitution is as follows:
"Taxation sluill be equal and uniform through(J\lt the state. All property !!hall be taxed in proportion to its value, to be ascertained as directed by law. The geneJ-'al.assembly shall have power. to. exempt from taxation property actually used for church, school, or charitable purposes. The general assembly may levy an income tax upon all persons pUrsuing any occupation, trade, or calling; and all such persons shall obtain a license, as provIded by law. All tax on incomes shall be pro rata on the amount of income, or business done; and all deeds of sale made, or that may be made, by collectors of taxes, shall be received by courts in evidence as prima facie valid sales. The general assembly shall levy a poll tax on all male inhabitants of this state over twentj·· one years old, for school and charitable purposes, which tax shall never ex· ceed one dollar per annum."
The first question is as to the meaning and intent of the legislature in that part of the amended charter of 1836 upon the sub· ject of the exemption of the bank from taxation; that is, the ftrst question is, did the legislature, in the amended charter,-having established certain relations of the state to the bank, and declaring in section 4,p. 17, Acts 1836, "And the capital of said bank shall be exempted from any tax laid by the state, or by any parish or body politic under the authority of the state, during the continuance of its charter," it being provided that "the charter should continue fifty·one years," (section 30, p. 192, Original Charter Acts 1833,)-mean that the exemption should arbitrarily cease at the end of 51 years, or that the exemption should continue so long as the existing relations of the state to the bank should require that the charter should In dealing with this question, regard must be had to the rule that, when it is claimed a statute creates an exemption from taxation, it is to be strictJy construed, and that the presumption is against it. The foundation of this rule shows its meaning. It is founded upon the doctrine that taxation is so essential to the welfare of the state that the contract of exemption must be clearly
shown; that every reasonable doubt should be resolved, against it. :aut this rule dOOliJ not mean th.a.t the inference must, under all circumstances, be against the exemption. It means that the in· qujr!y must be an impartial one; the burden of satisfactorily establish,ing the exemption being uponbim who claims its existence. It must be made to appear to the court affirmatively that the intention of the legislature was· ,to exempt. To apply the rule to this case, the burden is upon the complainants; they must show that by the terms of the exemption, and under the facts as they existed at the time it . was 'granted, the exemption claimed was intended by the legislature, or the right to tax will be inferred. This intent will not be deemed established in case of mere doubt, or a merely ambiguous set of facts; there must be a clear preponderanooqf persuasive facts in favor of the exeIDiPtion, or it will be rejected. Thus, in TeDD,essee v. Whitworth, 117 U. S. 145, 6 Sup. Ct. notwithstanding this presumption, it was held that "the right to have shares ina corporation exempt from taxation was con· ferred upon a corporatiqn by a grant which gave to it all the rights, PQwers,; and privileges ,of: another corporation, if· the latter possessed such right of exemption." I will consider under this rule whether the words "during the continuance of its charter" mean "during the continuance as. fixed herein," or "during the continuance as fixed herein, and as the interests of the state may require the legislature hereafter to continue the corporation in existence." The answer to tbjiJ question will, as; it seems to me, depend upon the object of the legislature in .granting the exemption. This object will best appear from the relations of the state to the bank in 1836. Out of 12 directors, the legislature. originally appointed 6, and now it appoints 5. The state was to have an interest on a graduated scale ranging from one-sixth to one twenty-fourth in the profits of the bank, according to the amount of bonds taken by it. The bonds, to the amount of $12,000,000, to be issued by the state, were made by the state to the order of the bank, and by the latter indorsed, and were thus. payable to bearer. The stock mortgages were transferred to the state, and to .whomsoever might be the holders of the bonds. They were to bear interest at the rate of 5 per cent., and were payable in five fifth at February 1st in each of the years 1850, 1859, 1868, 1877, and 1886. The bank was to build certain railroads and canals, which ultimately were to be turned over to the state, and that portion of the profits belonging to the state should, when available to the state, be devoted to the cause of education in declared proportions throughout the profits of the bank were to be added to the capital of the bailk. There were to be no dividends among the stock· holders, nor diBtribution· of. eaJ,'nings to the state, except out of a small fra<;tion of the profits, and then not till after the sucecssive installments of the bonds .had been paid. It may be. remarked that none of the installm.ents of the bonds have been paid. I will sum up the statutory relations of the state to the bank thus disclosed by saying: The state furnished the entire capital by the. loan of its own bonds,and, till the bonds were paid, all the stock,
securities, or mortgages made by the stock subscribers, were transferred and hypothecated, and all the profits "If the bank were pledged and impounded, for the payment of the bonds. This summary suggests the way to reach an answer to the question, how long was the exemption to continue? For 51 years, or so long as the charter relations of the state to the exempted property continued? The object of the exemption must determine its originally expressed period of exemption. Here was an institution which had, and was to have, nothing for itself till its profits had with the stock mortgages paid the state's bonds. The exemption of its capital from ta:mtion was the exemption of something out of which the state's .own obligations were to be paid, and the public works-the railroads and canals--which the bank was to build were to be constructed. Thf' exemption was therefore, till the ,bonds should be paid, a reservation of the state's own property from taxation. One-fifth part of these bonds were not to mature till two years after the original period for the existence of the charter had elapsed. It seems to me that; the chief object of the exemption being to facilitate the payment of the state's own bonds, the period of exemption, declared m tIS:, be construed to be so long as the charter was by the legislature co}!tiulled in order that the state's bonds might be paid. It is true 51 years was a long period, but even in 1836 it was found necessary make the last installment of the bonds payable 53 years after th,? original charter commenced. The enterprise was of such great public moment that the state advanced the entire capital, possibly $12,('00,000, actually $7,000,000. The exemption was for the purpOfle of facilitating the repayment to the state for this advance, and thP. provision for it in the amended charter "during the continuance -of its meant, not only as therein fixed, but as the payment uf the state's obligations should lead the state afterwards to extend it. It is the whole charter, the object of the exemption, and the destination of the profits of the institution, which require this inference. Thl" supreme court, in Bank v. Bouny, 32 La. Ann. 245, held that, without regard to this clause expressly exempting from taxation the .capital, the reservation of the profits for the extinguishment of the bonds of the state cantained in the charter of 1836 prohibited the taxation of the accumulations by the state. If a corporation with-out capital, save as derived from its profits, is, by the scope and meaning of its charter, so destined and dedicated to the purposes of the state that, even without specific exemption of its accumulations, they.cannot be taxed by the state, it mnst follow that when, in the same charter, the capital is expressly exempted during its exiRtE'uce under the charter, the express exemption is in keeping with the implied, and inheres in the charter throughout its original and -prolonged term, if it be kept alive by the state, to render this ex-elusive destination or dedication available to itself. This was the view of the legislature in 1874, when they extended the charter. The act making that extension is Act No. 40, p. 77, and, with its title and preamble, is as follows:
"Whereas, by reason of the great su1fered by the agricultural Interest ,of the state In consequence of the late war, it would be ruinous for the stock-
vol. 54.,
hO . .of 111e' CltJzePs'BIliJk of .. ... " .' Years.' betQre, ,the. '. umltatiOno.f the pay wtth1Q.... .' nQ .. . the itmoUJll ofa.rreared Insta,llnlents and 'due by them; as wellu1the' balance of thelrtndebtedness;' . and wherli\8S, the sacrifiCe of the lands i!nortgaged for tliepa.yment of the state 'llonds;i8slled In favor of· the ban», w!>uldendangel' the security of the state; an4, '\Vhereas, it is the iu,terest of the state that apool0I!-gation of the charter 0:( the CitIzens'Bank be so asto enable said Institution ,toiJollect'the debts due'b7 the stockholders, and thereby facilitate'the payment .t the state bon(ls: ' " I "Section '1. Be it enaoted by the:seJl8,teand house of representatives of the ,tate convened, ,that thll vrovision of the thirtieth llection of the ",crt entitled act to Incorporate the Citizens' Bank of Loui8l.ana,', approved April 1, 1833, 'Which reads as follows':,'And the charter shall continue for and dUring the space of fifty-one years from the passage thereof\!--be amended,andre.enacted as follows: 'That the charter of the Citizens' BlUllr. of Louisiana ,$allcontln",efor and during the space of twenty-five yel1rs trom IlDd after tlme fixed torJts liquidation by the ,said charter, and shall expire on the thlrt1eth of January, 1911.' "See. 2. Be it further enacted, . etA, that the', Citizens' Bank of Louisiana, through its board of directors, be, and is hereby, authorized, to extend, with the ot the holders thereof, all the state bonds·iS8uedln,lts favor under the section of the act enti1;led'Anact amendatory and supplementary to the.eveml acts relaUve to the act to Incorporate the Citizens' Bank ot LouiSUt:b.a/approved January 30, 1836; now outstanding, as well as all Interest warrant,slSBued by said ,bank falling due from and atterthe passage of this act, to suchttme and on such· conditions as, ·may be agreed upon with the holders of said. l?pnds and warrant!!: ..pI'9v1ded, saIq. extension be not made for a period than,twenty-tlve yearS from the respective maturities, and at no hl'gher rate of than the said bonds now boor. "Sec; 3. Be it further Elttacted, etc., tliat the present act shall be In force from aud atter Its pasSll,ge, an,y law to, the contrary notwithstanding."
.w. .....
There certainly are grave difficulties in the way of maintaining that under this statute, which is a tripartite contract,-that itl. a 'contract between the state, the bank, and the" bondholders,-the state can secure the extension Of its own bonds for the period of 25 years,and the contiiluation of the eharter which, in effect, destines the profits of the bank to the payment of' its bonds for 2 years beyond' that period. and at the time disregard that destination by a tax which, by the decision of the supreme trio bunal of the state. is held to be so inconsistent with that destination , as to be' prohibited by it. It is to be observed that the legislature merely extended the charter, inferring that the original words ."during its continuance" carried With them the original exemption throughout the period of the extension. I think in this the legislature drew the inference from the entire charter, which a study of it requires. . The reMon, in the original charter, as amended- in 1836, for making the duration of the exemption coextensive with any prolongation of the charter, inhered" in the purpose which was paramount with the state npon the subject of time in connection with ,the eXUltenceof the'batlk, in that the bank and the exemption endure tilFthebondsshe hadbolTowed had been paid; but in !the extension (:lfthe charter, and 'the eontinuance of the exemption, tW() other parties alSo had an interest and fixed rights,-the bank and the bondholders. It,ls unnecessary tQ",speak of. the inter,est otthe .bondholders, and there .is a oomplication as to their right to insist upon the ex.emp-
tion from their release of the bank, except so far as relates to the stock mortgages. It may, however, be remarked that, as between the holders of the bonds and the obligors upon the bonds, the state was the maker and principal, and the bank the indorser and surety, though, as between themselves, the bank was under the obligation to pay as the principal. The release of the surety did noil discharge the principal, and the state was still left liable as a prin· cipal obligor, who had the right to look to the bank for repayment; and thus there exists the same necessity to consider the question of exemption as though there had been no release of the bank by the holders, for the bank had and haB an interest subordinareonly to that of the state in having the exemption maintained The period of its existence. and with it the right of the state to partici· pate in its profits. to the extent of reserving one-sixth part thereof, and the. pledge and impounding of all its profits, were continued along with its existence for the further period of 27 years. It was the payee and second obligor upon the state bonds whose payment WaB by the same act postponed. It has a right, therefore, as trustee for its own stockholders, to insist upon the exemption, unless it has by some act waived this right. The respondents, the tax officers, say it has waived this right by assenting to the condition of Act No. 79, Acts 1880. It is CODceded that the directors of the bank gave the assent, as requir« by that act. The act is as follows:
"Whereas, due proof has been shown to the house In which this bID oligInated that article 48 of the constitution has been complied with, therefore: "Section 1. Be it enacted by the general aBBembly of the state of Louisiana, that the Citizens' Bank of Louisiana, In addition to the powers now conferred by law, shall have power to compromise and settle the liability of the mortgage stockholders of said bank arising out of the stock mortgages granted by them to secure their subscriptions to the capital stock of sald bank; sald compromi$eB to be made when deemed judicious by Bald bank, and with the assent of the bondholders: provided, the same be approved by the directors on the part of the state, as provided In this act, on such terms as· may be agreed upon; and, when effected, the Bald stock mortgages to be released and canceled. "Second. That all sums realized from said compromises, as well as from the enforcement of said mortgages, by the usual legal proceedings, shall be held and applied by the banking department of said bank to the satisfaction of the bonds of the state, Issued in aid of the bank, and to the legal liabilities of said mortgage stock department, and to the neceBBary expenses of Bald department. "Third. That the directors for the state on the board of Bald bank shall be increased to five, to be appointed by the governor, when this act shall be accepted by the bank, whose duties shall be the same as now provided by law; and, in addition thereto, they shall supervise the. compromise, as contemplated In section one ot this act, and tor this purpose they shall hold meetings. when upon 80 to meet by the president of the board of directors of the Citizens' Bank, and shall keep a reoord of their meetings, and no compromises under the provisions of this act shall be effected without the approval of the majority of said directol'B on the part ot the state. "Fourth. That this act shall not be binding or confer any right upon the banX unless accepted within twelve months from the date of this act, and under the conditions prescribed in articles 234 and 237 of the constitution; such al> oopta.n.ce to be manifested by the bank in wrltli1g, and tiled in the otllce ot the aecretary ot state. · · ... , .
It is claimed, and,I,think justly, that the meaning of the as.'lel1t is 'tbatthe directors agreed to waive the exemption, as they did
the legislature. If the legisla.ture had a right, under the, constitution, to require this agreement as a condition of an act or statute inuring to the benefit of the bank, then the agreement to waive .is valid and obligatory. If the legislature, under the constitution" ·had not the right to require this agreement as such a condition, then the agreement is void, and the rights of the bank are unaffected by it. In order to determine this question, we must look at two provisions of the 234, and article 5. These articles are as follows, (article 234:)
"The .general assembly shaJ1 not' remit the forfeiture of the charter of any corporation now existing, alter, or amend the sallie, nor pass any general or ilpecial law for the of snch corporation, except upon the can· dition that such corporation shall thereafter hold its charter snbject to t,he provisions of this constitution." 1 '
aU ,other: special privileges enjoyed by the bank, as required by
ot the people peaceably, to assemJ:lle and petition the government, or any department thereof, shall never be al;1l1qged." , '
"I ta,ke iUto be undeniable that the ,"right of petition," as that expresSion is used in the constitution of the state, means the right of every being, naturaJ.. and artificial, to apply to any department of government, including the legislature, for the redress of grievance or the bestowal of right, and is a further guaranty of the .of such redress or right when obtained,. free from all forfeitw-e or penalty for having sought or obtained it. If these are read together, it is clear that they mean that the constitution prohibited the legislature from at, all impeding the right of petition, except that in case it remitted a forfeiture to aC9rporation, or ,altered its charter, or passed any general or special law for ita it might interfere with that right, so far as to exact a .sUrrender of all privileges other than those which could be granted under the existing constitution. This was a power . given to the legislature in case the alteration or oJ,'. general or special law was for' the benefit of the corporati,on, and not, as in this case, where the amendment-the speciallaw,.....was to enable the bank to apply certain securities to the payment of obligations upon which the state was an obligor, and thus to protect the credit of the state. The question turns upon whether the thing sought was such a thing as is meant and specified in article 234. The thing granted was for thebank,with the assent of the directors appointed by the state, .to for the state and bondholders out of the stock 'by compromise, 1. e. without a foreclosure and sale. These stock mortgages were hypothecations of plantations and slaves. The destruction of slavery 'had reduced the value of the more fh!ln half, or possibly two thirds. It was necessary to find a purchaser for the mortgaged property, and at a plica eql1al to the par value of the stock of the subscriber, or for bank itself to become the purchaser of the property. Tlw
CITIZENS' BANK tI. BOARD OJ' ASSESSORS.
ftrst Wail impossible; the second was ruinous for the state. r.rherefore it Wail enacted that, with the consent of the state's representatives, the bank might, upon receipt of a fair sum, by way of adjustment, release any of the mortgaged property, and apl'ly the sum reaJized to the payment of the state's bonds. This was in no true sense a law passed for the benefit of the bank. It was rather a legislative permission to resort to the only practicable method of making the mortgages available to the extinguish. ment of the state's bonds, and should be denominated as a law passed by the state for the benefit of itself. Again, it was in no sense the creation of a'special right, but was. rather the recognition by the state of a. right evidently existing, which any com·1I of equity would, in a case where all the parties were before the court, have recognized, without the act of 1880. It would follow that the legislature, in compelling the bank to make any renunciation in order to have force and operation given to that statute, acted, not only without authority, but in defiance of the con· stitutional prohibition which forbade it to impede. the right of peti· tion, except in a certain claBS of cases, of which the application for the grant of recognition contained in the act of 1880 was not one; and that the renunciation exacted from the bank by theJegislature, in violation of the constitution of the state, is void. My conclusion, therefore, is that the original charter contemplated and declared that the exemption should be coextensive with the charter, and that the bank has done nothing which can prevent her from insisting upon her capital being exempt from taxation, in accordance with the terms of her charter. The thing sought by this bill to be preserved from taxation is the shares of the stockholders. . he thing exempted in the charter eo nomine, is the capital of T the bank. In Bank v. Bouny, supra, the supreme court of this state held that, since the profits were pledged and impounded for the payment of the state's bonds, taxation by the state of the accumulations and of the shares was prohibited. In New Orleans v. Houston, 119 U. S. 265, 7 Sup. Ct. Rep. 198, the supreme court of the United States held that under the statute prescribing the manner of collecting a tax upon the shares of a corporation, as it then existed, (and it is unchanged,) since the corporation is required to pay the tax, and must look to the dividends upon the shares and to the stockholders for reimbursement, it was a tax upon the corporation itself. A fortiori would this be true when dividends are prohibited, and the profits or earnings of the cor· porations are otherwise destined. Let, therefore. the injunction pendente lite issue. v.54F.no.1-6
FEDERAL' REPOR'tER,
vol. 54·
.:lliEVELAND 'O!TY FORGE mON ;00. v. TAYLOR BROS. mON-WORKS CO., Limlted. BRElNTISS.TOOL & SUPPLY CO. v. SAME. NILES TOOL >WORKS v.SAME. "(C1rcQit Court, E. D. LoulslaIl8.
'13, l893.)
Nos. 12,154, 12,:ui2, 12,153.
RIGHTS OIl' CREDITORS-ATTAOIDIENTS.
COnPl:hU,'riONS-'-DISSOLUTION,-NOTICE -
A provi8l.0n'1n the charter of acorpl>ration, requiring the advertisement of 10 days' notice of a. stockholdel'lil'. meeting for the purpose at altering or amendlp.g the cJlarter, is so far for the benefit of creditors that a resothe corporation,pil.ssed at a meet;l.n.g called without such notice, inefrectual to prevent a subsequent attachment of the corpora· ,tion's' :property by exlsting creditors. .
These were three a:etionS commenced by attaohments brought, the Cleveland Clty ]forge Iron Company, thePnmtis$ TOOl & Supply Company, and the Niles Tool Works Company, Linlited.. Heard on the of the defendant coworation to dissolv.e the attachments anddism.i1os the suits. Denied. '.' The motion to dissolve the attachments was baaed upon the ground tbatthe defendant corporation had been dissolved before the attachments were levied, and' the. was as to whether thedi.I!&Qlution had taken pllWeas creditors. . A resolution purpol"tingto dissolve. the corporation in fact been pailsed at a meethJg of the stockholders hellI ;November but this meeting :was held without any advertisement of notice thereof. Article5 tof.the corporation's charteJ:"required 10 days' notice should be ,given of anYJDeeting Wbeheld for the purpQse of altering 01", amending the charter; a,nd article 7 declared that whenever the corporation was dissolved. its affairs should. be, wound up by three stockholders, to be appointed as liquidators at a general meeting of the stockholders, convened after 30 days'advertised notice. Denegt.e,'Bayne & Denegre, for plaintiff Cleveland City Forge . Iron W. S. Ptll'kerson, for plaintiffs Prentiss Tool & Supply Co. and Niles Tool WorkS. T. J. &:inm.es, B. K. Miller, and A. H.Wilson, for defendants. BILLINGS, District Judge. In' all these casell the same question is presented. In each the suit was commenced with an attach· ment of the property of the defendants. In the first the attachment was levied and the citation served befMe fany steps were taken on the part of the defendants towards recording the dissolution. In the last two cases the meeting of the stockholders of the defendant corporation had been held, and the resolution to dissolve had been passed, but not recorded before the filing of the euit. According to the return of the marshal in all of the cases, service was made on December 7, 1892, and according to the certificate of the recorder of mortgages the resolution of the


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The backpack shame
Tuesday, June 1, 2010
Besides we have other bags that could be used. She could have sewn it and counted it as a personal progress goal. Honestly, I just didn't want to buy one this close to the end of school. The plan was to get a nice new one for high school. Well apparently the backpack has gained some fame. It is referred to by some of her friends at school as pitiful. So with seven days left of school, a TMS teacher took pity and sent a brand new backpack home with her today. Well I guess I should have bought a backpack sooner. Maybe next week I will send her little sister to school with no shoes so she can come home with a new pair. Just kidding.
So now what do I do? It is not like we are too poor to buy one, I just too cheap. Do we just say thank you and go on with life or send it back with a kind no thank you, we will get a new one this summer? ( I am not buying one with 7 days left of school.)
Oh, and this summer I will add a spare backpack to our supply list.


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Tuesday, July 9, 2013Washington
Since we had visited HQ a few days before, we knew all the lackeys and their icons by heart ... just kidding. In fact, we were happy to have the IPhone with us so that we were able to look up the icons. Very nicely done box!
TFTC - Fogg & Consortin
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Now that we are all experiencing the quiet calm of December, with all the Christmas spirits flowing all around, and with the ideal of 1 Million euros in less than 5 years, I have decided to write 3 Inspiring Christmas tales to end the year 2012 a year that increased our Investments in about 17% that gave me 17 more business partners and allowed my family to drive a nice new car... and this is just the beginning 2013 will be a Magical year I can already feel it.
So the first of my Christmas tales is related to Chris Gardner a former homeless man turned millionaire — Gardner often remembers the train station bathroom where he once slept a quarter century ago.
Often he is overcome with memories of teaching his 2-year-old son to never, ever open the locked bathroom door, no matter how hard someone pounded on the other side.
It didn't matter that he now had three homes — one a condo in New York's Trump Tower — or that he'd gone from selling his own blood to buying Michael Jordan's car.
"He had to get out of there,"
The story of how the 52-year-old Gardner did just that, climbed out of homelessness and became a Millionaire stockbroker with his own 15-employee Chicago firm, was turned into a motion picture, a few years ago. It's also the subject of Gardner's own book, "The Pursuit of Happyness." The unique spelling of "happiness" is intentional.
Even in the realm of rags-to-riches tales, Gardner's story is unique. Take, for example, the events that led to his descent into homelessness.
A medical supplies salesman barely making enough money to support his girlfriend and baby, Gardner had one of those Hollywood moments in a San Francisco parking lot in 1981 when he spotted a man looking for a place to park his red Ferrari.
"He said to him, 'You can have my (parking) place but I've got to ask you two questions. What do you do and how do you do it?'" recalled Gardner.
The man was a stockbroker. Gardner didn't know a single stockbroker or even what one did. But the man said he made $80,000 a month — $50,000 more than Gardner made a year.
Gardner found a brokerage firm willing to hire him and quit his job. But when he showed up for work he learned the guy who'd hired him had been fired. Gardner's job was gone.
Then, days before a scheduled interview with Dean Witter, a loud fight with his girlfriend brought the police to his door. The next thing Gardner knew they were asking him for $1,200 to clear up some unpaid parking tickets.
They may as well have asked for $12 million. Gardner spent 10 days in jail.
When he was released, his girlfriend and son were gone. He had no money, no home and the only clothes he had for his job interview the next day were the ones he wore to jail.
How was he going to explain showing up wearing jeans and paint-splattered Adidas shoes?
"I couldn't think of nothing that could top the truth," he said. He went with that and got the job.
A few months later came a knock on the door of the boarding house where he was staying.
"It's my ex and, guess what, she doesn't want the baby any more, here." he said. "The boarding house does not allow children. That's how we became homeless."
Some nights they stayed in a $25-a-night hotel, a park or under his desk at work. And a few nights were spent in an Oakland Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) station.
"I had to teach my little boy how to play a game and the game is called SHHHH," he said. "That means no matter what anybody says on the other side of that door, no matter how much noise they make or what they threaten, we ain't here, OK?"
Finally, they moved into a homeless hotel in San Francisco, run by Glide Memorial United Methodist Church.
"There were no keys, so every day you take everything with you," said Gardner. "For a year, I'd take my son, his stroller, a big duffel bag with all his clothes in it, my briefcase, an umbrella, the biggest bag of Pampers in the world, one suit on my back and one suit in a hanging bag and we'd hit it every day."
When it rained, he covered the stroller with plastic sheets he'd picked up from dry cleaners.
Gardner told his co-workers nothing.
He also distinguished himself from others who turned to Glide for food and shelter.
"If you saw a man with a child, that was rare, incredibly rare," said the Rev. Cecil Williams, Glide's pastor. "I remember discussions about him, about how that man really loves that boy because he won't let him get away from him, he won't push him aside."
Starting from scratch
Day care took a huge chunk of his meager stockbroker trainee salary, and it took Gardner about a year to save enough to move himself and his son into their own home. From there, his his career blossomed, and in 1987 he opened his own firm in Chicago.
Today, signs of his success are everywhere, starting with an office that includes a gleaming desk made of a DC-10 tail wing, African art work, boxing gloves and photographs autographed by Muhammad Ali. Sharing space with pictures of his adult son and daughter are photographs of Gardner with Nelson Mandela, and a vase full of dirt that Gardner brought from Mandela's yard after visiting the former South Africa president.
He no longer has the Ferrari he bought from Jordan.
Making a difference
Gardner, who never went to college, has contributed tens of thousands of dollars to education, writing checks for as much as $25,000 to teachers, janitors, bus drivers and others who work at schools.
Gardner is focusing much of his attention now on South Africa, trying to persuade major investors to invest $1 billion there — an effort praised by South African officials.
"In the current state of our economy, creating an investment fund is critical," said Yusuf Omar, South African Consul General in Chicago, who recently stopped by Gardner's office.
For Gardner, helping South Africans pull themselves up makes perfect sense.
"Everything I've learned working on Wall Street, 25 years, to be able to make a difference in the lives of a lot of people and we all make money, it (doesn't) get any better than that," he said.


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Invest in job creation, not LePage's cost-shift tax policy
Editorial by Ramona du Houx
Cutting taxes, most everyone would agree, could be a great idea. But how do you go about it without placing more burden on the middle class? Not with LePage's plan. While LePage is trying to tackle the issue, his plan is focused on benefiting the top 2 percent. With his proposal, those earning $50,000 to $175,000 will be taxed at the highest tax rate. And those earning about $10,000 to $50,000 would pay — the same tax rate — as the top 2 percent. So a school teacher earning $26,000 will pay the same rate as a successful investment banker who would get a 2.2 percentage-point cut to his tax rate. With the elimination of the estate tax, the top 2 percent will receive a boon. LePage already cut the tax rate for the wealthiest — this is the second round — and again the middle class will carry the burden.
And he plans to stop sending any funding to municipalities for essential services. This cost-shifting will end up, as it has been, in property tax increases. When LePage was mayor of Waterville, he ranted against any mention of cutting back the funds to cities from the state. Oh, the costs that shifting circumstances have on some politicians!
What will hurt people on a day-to-day basis is the sales tax increase to 6.5 percent. While I love going to the movies, I do not relish paying an expanded sales tax for my ticket. To have your hair done, go to a concert or visit a museum, you'll have to pay sales tax. Just to get the snow removed, hire an accountant or lawyer or get a tow to the mechanic will cost you that sales-tax increase.
This tax plan is backwards. While it appears to expand tax relief for the less fortunate, those same people will have to pay for the increased sales tax, and if they own a home or business — very significantly increased property taxes, and many of their benefits will also be slashed with health-program cuts.
Back in 2009, Governor John Baldacci and Democratic lawmakers came up with a similar plan. The big difference was that the plan did not stop revenue-sharing to cities. It did not increase property taxes, and it did not cut back on essential services. Yet, it cut taxes for all tax-paying citizens, eliminating them for the less fortunate.
But because it raised the sales tax, Republicans went to work and flooded the airwaves with ads declaring certain services would skyrocket. So, real tax relief for all never happened, as the right-wing ad factory led the public to believe they would be paying a lot more because of sales taxes. The opposite was true.
A recent analysis by the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy evaluated the local tax burden in every state. According to the study, in 2015 the poorest fifth of Americans will pay on average 10.9 percent of their income in state and local taxes; the middle fifth will pay 9.4 percent, and the top 1 percent will average 5.4 percent.
"States and localities have regressive systems because they tend to rely more on sales and excise taxes, which are the same rate for rich and poor alike. Even property taxes, which account for much of local tax revenue, hit working- and middle-class families harder than the wealthy because their homes often represent their largest asset," reads the report.
This ideological battle is being waged across the nation and involves the right wing promoting the economics of austerity over investing in people and programs in innovation that can grow the economy.
Baldacci had it right. He consolidated administrations from school districts to branches of state government. He got the prison system to work together, and stopped agencies from duplicating work, while getting bond initiatives passed that would go on to help research and development (R&D) — the type of research that led to the University of Maine's breakthroughs in bio-fuels and composite technologies. The VolturnUS offshore floating wind turbine is the first of it's kind in the Americas, and so is The Ocean Renewable Power Company's tidal power generator. Both were developed at UMaine laboratories; both received state bond funding to jumpstart them. And federal grants happened directly afterwards.
Maine's innovative technologies began to really take off after 2007, with voter-approved bonds. The $50 million investment became know as the Maine Technology Asset Fund and nourished growing sectors of high-wage jobs.
The funds were rewarded on a competitive basis to university labs, businesses, and nonprofit groups with plans approved by the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The recipients of the fund's grants secured more than $80 million in matching funds. A 2011 evaluation of Maine's R&D investments found that these 29 projects, which were granted funding by mid-2011, had directly created 289.5 jobs and preserved 303 jobs in traditionally higher-paying sectors. Nineteen of those projects had led to the creation of a new product or service.
But the Maine Technology Asset Fund hasn't received a new infusion of funds since 2010. A legislative committee formed in 2006 outlined an R&D strategy for the state and recommended a $50 million annual bond investment in the Maine Technology Institute.
Community Colleges received bond funding for their expansions, which has enabled thousands to get good-paying jobs. Gov. Baldacci put in new job-training initiatives, which have worked, but as the workplace changes and new tech jobs emerge, more needs to be done.
Cutting taxes for the top 2 percent has not yielded jobs for Maine or the nation. This sector of society already has been given many chances to prove their "trickle-down" economics. America has experienced job growth for over four years with President Barack Obama's policies. Maine has been held back because of the trickle-down mantra LePage follows.
At a recent press conference, Democrats said they have proposed bills for job training, workforce development, college affordability, and job creation. No doubt they will include R&D bonds in this mix.
All lawmakers should remember we had significant job growth before the Great Recession, and that was largely due to Baldacci's policies. The state is in need of a real R&D bond package. And interest rates are historically low with the Fed at the zero-lower bound. The ongoing ripple effect in the economy from bond investments has been proven to create new companies with new jobs.


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Materials and Technologies
Vol. 23
Vol. 23
Creation of High-Strength Structures and Joints by Setting up Local Material Properties
Vol. 22
Vol. 22
Biohydrometallurgy: From the Single Cell to the Environment
Vols. 20-21
Vols. 20-21
Advances in Materials and Systems Technologies
Vols. 18-19
Vols. 18-19
THERMEC 2006 Supplement
Vols. 15-17
Vols. 15-17
Acoustic Emission Testing
Vols. 13-14
Vols. 13-14
Vols. 11-12
Vols. 11-12
Flexible Manufacture of Lightweight Frame Structures, 2006
Vol. 10
Vol. 10
Macro-, Meso-, Micro- and Nano-Mechanics of Materials
Vol. 9
Vol. 9
Sheet Metal 2005
Vols. 6-8
Vols. 6-8
Physical Metallurgy of Cast Iron V
Vols. 4-5
Vols. 4-5
Application of Positron Spectroscopy to Materials Science
Vol. 3
Vol. 3
Physical Chemistry of Solid State Materials
Vols. 1-2
Vols. 1-2
Volumes 11-12
Paper Title Page
Abstract: With the certain deposition process, the conversion coatings by four different pretreatments on LF21 were studied. The morphology and the chemical composition of the conversion coatings were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The corrosion resistance was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the salt spray test. The results showed that the different pretreatments had obvious effect on the cerium conversion coatings. For the certain deposition process, the optimal pretreatment process was identified.
Abstract: Recently, the increase in production, consumption causes the shortage of the natural resources and the increase in waste disposal. In order to build up a sustainable society, the input and the output of the natural system should be reduced by the recirculation of materials and energy. We have tried to develop high performance building materials by solidification technology at low temperature. The starting materials were the inorganic wastes or soil. These solidified inorganic waste and solidifying soil have good mechanical strength for paving tile. Solidifying soil called as Tataki works has good performance of mitigating urban heat islands. Numerical simulation method based on heat transfer model was studied to estimate performance of mitigating urban heat islands of solidifying soil. Numerical model was calculated by the surface temperature changes in the outside with air temperature changes. Simulation result was compared with experimental measurement.
Abstract: Attempts have been made to sinter hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) by pressureless-sintering in air. In order to achieve this purpose, feldspar has been selected as a sintering aid to produce sintered compacts at a temperature above the melting point of feldspar. Even though h-BN was not wetted by the molten feldspar in nitrogen, the wettability was significantly improved in air. Through the heating process, the h-BN powder disappeared owing to the oxidation of the powder followed by sublimation of the boron oxide. The decomposition of BN was prevented effectively by the presence of molten feldspar in the h-BN/feldspar (30 vol.%) compact. It was shown that h-BN/feldspar composite can be sintered in air under normal pressure, although the bulk density of h-BN/feldspar composites (1.40 to 1.51 g/cm3) was not satisfactory enough.
Abstract: The electrochemical behaviors of anodized and sealed aluminum alloys in NaCl solution were studied by potentiodynamic polarization, the open-circuit-potential and EIS. The results show that anodic oxidization of aluminum increases its corrosion resistance greatly. Different sealing methods have different influences on corrosion behavior of the anodized alloys in NaCl solution; corrosion resistance increases in the order: no sealing < water sealing < dichromate sealing < nickel fluoride sealing. The modulus of the porous film sealed by dichromate solution increases with the immersion time in NaCl solution, which is similar to the self-sealing effect of unsealed anodic films.
Abstract: Surface modification of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films was carried out via a novel photografting polymerization technique with acrylamide (AAm) as the monomer. The photografting polymerization can be achieved via one-step method and two-step method. The photografting polymerization reactivity of AAm was examined with benzophenone (BP) as the photoinitiator and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film as the substrate with "sandwich" assembly. Moreover, the occurrence and evolution of grafting polymerization of AAm on the substrate was demonstrated XPS analysis and SEM pictures.
Abstract: A process for preparing of the delaminated kaolinite was developed with intercalation of hydrazine, urea or potassium acetate followed by removing the chemical assistants. Delaminated kaolinite was characterized by XRD, solid-state NMR, thermal analyses, particle-size distribution analyses, etc. The particle size was reduced to ca. 440 nm in diameter and ca.15 nm in thickness in contrast to about 7 μm and 800 nm for untreated precursor respectively. The dehydroxylation temperature of kaolinite was shifted from 514°C to 490°C by the delamination. Additionally, a greater mass lost was also observed for the delaminated particles by dehydroxylation.
A New Method of Preparing In Situ Composites Based on Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers and Thermoplastics
Preparation and Decomposition Study of 2, 3-Pyridinedicarboxylate Intercalated Layered Double Hydroxides
Abstract: Supramolecular 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylate intercalated NiAl-layered double hydroxides (2,3-pyridinedicarboxylate-NiAl-LDHs) has been prepared by direct coprecipitation method. The solid product was found to have a greatly expanded LDH structure. Possible orientation of 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylate between the interlayer region has been proposed. Furthermore, its thermal decomposition process was studied by the use of TG-MS and in situ HT-XRD.
Abstract: Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) tow were continuously pretreated with cuprous chloride on line. The structure and properties of untreated and treated PAN precursors were characterized by IR, DSC, X-ray diffraction and other analysis, and the paper made a preliminary discussion on the effect of modification on PAN precursors. It was suggested that PAN precursors pretreated with CuCl can enhance the rate of cyclization, lower the temperature of cyclization reaction, reduce the time required for stabilization. At the same time the resulting oxidized fibers achieved an elongation of 17.6% for the temperature range of exothermic process, and an improvement in tensile strength of 46%.
Abstract: A novel tube-form asymmetrical carbon membrane based on phenol-formaldehyde resin (PFR) is proposed in this paper. The membrane is composed of Ni-P alloy on exterior surface of carbon support membrane by electroless plating method after adding ferrous powders (<20&m) as active particles inside the membrane procurer. The results show that the H2, N2 and CO2 permeation rate through the composite Ni-P carbon membrane decrease and gas separation factors increase with increase of Fe content, and H2, N2 and CO2 permeation rates reach 0.44, 0.10 and 0.08 m3.m-2.s-1.MPa-1, respectively; H2/N2 and H2/CO2 separation factors are 4.2 and 5.5, respectively. The morphology of the membrane is measured by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).


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Several things I guess we all know:
1. About half of all motorcycle accidents involve the rider sliding off the road in a curve. This ALWAYS is because of too much speed for the conditions - conditions meaning cow poop, sand or gravel on the road, a car partially in your lane, or simply inadequate skills. I think good observation, a somewhat conservative approach, and good bike handling skills keep most experienced riders out of trouble almost always on the curves. Not always, but close.
2. Experienced riders are also good at handling traffic - predicting and preparing for stop sign runners, left turners, etc. Probably you wear brighter gear and add some lights, but you don't trust them to fend off all evil. If you are not comfortable with heavy freeway traffic, you do your best to avoid those roads. If your night vision isn't what it used to be, you don't ride at night.
3. Have NO CLUE how you can avoid striking an animal (mainly deer.) "Only ride in broad daylight where deer could be present" does reduce the risk a bit. "Slow down when the growth on the sides of the road closes in" is probably good advice. "Brake hard when you see a deer" is also good advice. But I have read too many accounts of deer being hit, or hitting the bike, by experienced attentive riders who never had the chance to touch a brake lever before the collision.
If you are an experienced, skilled and rather conservative rider, I suggest that deer are your greatest threat to extending your riding career. There is some hope that an epidemic will eventually decimate the population. Not likely to happen soon. A sorry and scary state of affairs all across the continent.


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So, despite the grandiose title, let's just consider this a bit of housekeeping. The blog is now a year old, and come February 21, I will have hit my one-year anniversary as an author. Lest I rest on my laurels, I thought I'd take this time to catch you up a few things.
Here's the basics, for those new to this site:
You can connect with me not only here, but on plenty of other sites. Take a gander and feel free to add/like/friend/etc.
All of these links can also be found right up at the very top.
Now, onto the bookish side of things.
In addition to publishing CONVERGENCE and CONSUMPTION last year, I've also been dabbling in book reviews, so you'll find plenty of those here, and expect lots more to come. I'll be dropping a review for Tim Curran's latest horror release soon, and have plenty more titles in the queue thanks to NetGalley.
On the novel side of things, I'm prepping EMERGENCE for release and expect to have it out by the summer. This is a sequel to CONVERGENCE, and stuffed to the rafters with action, duplicity, and intrigue. I'm really happy with how it's shaping up, and can't wait to get it into reader's hands! Stay tuned for more on this one soon.
More immediately, you'll be seeing news soon on the release of an anthology, featuring an all-new short story, REVOLVER, from me. I'm hearing word of a March release for this one, and it includes fresh works from Lucas Bale, S. Elliot Brandis, Harry Manner, J.S. Collyer, Alex Roddie, S.W. Fairbrother, and Nadine Matheson. And, we have one hell of an author pegged for the foreword, but I think I'll keep that one secret for the time being.
Now, if you would like to get early access to the anthology, as well as my upcoming release, EMERGENCE, sign up for my newsletter. I promise not to spam you, and only give you periodic updates or reminders about new stuff. In exchange, you'll get free stories, and you'll get them before anyone else. I'm also planning on offering up a few freebies for subscriber's only. Join now!
Lastly, to my followers new and old, I just want to say thanks. Thank you for reading these posts, my books, tweets, ramblings, whatever. I hope you've been enjoying things, and I expect to have a fair amount of great content throughout 2015. Happy reading!


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Wednesday, November 25, 2009
Its Thanksgiving...
and I'm thankful for everything this Thanksgiving. For my related family who stand by me no matter what I put them thru; for my rescue family who work tirelessly to help me save all these Akitas; for our adopters who make our work possible and take on our rescued Akitas to give them a forever life like they so richly deserve. I am thankful for everyone who supports us and works hard for us; and I'm so thankful for this wonderful breed of ours, the Akitas that make all our work worthwhile (like Katsu pictured here!)!! And most of all, I'm just thankful I am still here, able to be helping with rescue and starting to enjoy life once again.
What are you thankful for this year?
Posted by Kathy ARWNY at 6:36 PM
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Key developments in Qatar-Gulf crisis
Here are the main developments that led to the unprecedented crisis between Qatar and its Gulf neighbours:
Smear campaign
On May 20, 2017, Qatar says it is the victim of a smear campaign and rejects accusations of it supporting "terrorism" ahead of a landmark visit by US President Donald Trump to Saudi Arabia.
Trump and Saudi King Salman sign a "strategic vision" agreement to intensify ties in defence, economics and other areas.
In a speech in Riyadh on May 21, Trump urges the international community to isolate Iran and calls on Arab and Muslim states to freeze channels of funding for groups including the Sunni Muslim Islamic State militants and Lebanon's movement Hezbollah.
The emir of Qatar, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al-Thani, meets Trump on the sidelines of a summit in Riyadh.
Suspected hacking
On May 24, Qatar says its national news agency has been hacked by unknown parties who have posted "false" statements attributed to the emir, in which he speaks favourably of Iran, Palestinian movement Hamas, the Muslim Brotherhood and Hezbollah.
Qatar denies all the comments and says it is investigating the alleged hacking, but Gulf media continue to run the statements.
Qatari Foreign Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al-Thani says Doha is the victim of a "hostile media campaign", particularly in the United States.
Read More: Israel welcomes Arab states decision to cut ties with Qatar
On May 28, United Arab Emirates state minister for foreign affairs Anwar Gargash says Gulf countries are going through a new "deep crisis", urging Qatar without naming it to "change its attitude and re-establish confidence and transparency".
On June 2, a Qatari official says FBI agents are helping Doha in investigating the source of the alleged hacking.
Qatar boycotted
On June 5, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Egypt, the UAE, Yemen and the Maldives cut ties with Qatar, accusing it of backing terrorism.
It is accused of backing radical Islamist groups and of not taking a sufficient distance from Iran, Saudi Arabia's regional rival.
The break-off in relations goes hand in hand with economic measures, such as closure of land and maritime borders, suspension of air links and restrictions on movements by Qataris.
Doha residents flock to stock up at supermarkets.
A Saudi-led Arab coalition fighting pro-Iranian Yemeni rebels announces it is ending Qatar's membership.
Turkey calls for dialogue and says it is ready to help defuse the row.
Israeli Defence Minister Avigdor Lieberman says the latest developments involving Qatar could herald a broad anti-terror alliance including Israel.
On June 6, Kuwait's Emir Sheikh Sabah al-Ahmad Al-Sabah travels to Saudi Arabia for talks aimed at resolving the crisis.
Air traffic is disrupted in the Gulf after several large Arab airlines stop flying to and from Qatar.
More than 30 Qatar Airways flights are cancelled to and from Doha.
Trump accuses Qatar
Trump says isolating Qatar could mark the "beginning of the end to the horror of terrorism" and backs Saudi Arabia and its allies. He suggests Qatar is funding extremism.


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Tuesday, 19 January 2010 05:45 PM
Jeff Bridges of "Crazy Heart" wins best drama actor at Golden Globes .
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