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$$$ needed but not at expense of constitutional rights- Claude O. Skelton-Cline
And documents obtained by our newsroom show that the UK Government does not trust the National Democratic Party (NDP) Government with the loan funds which they committed to back with guarantees. In fact, in many conversations both by the local Government and others in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, they are very skeptical about leaving any of this money in the hands of this government because of the history of financial mismanagement, reckless spending and alleged corruption.
But, according to social commentator Mr Claude O. Skelton- Cline, this demand by the UK hurts the constitutional advancement achieved by the Territory.
"In essence what the UK is saying in exchange for our guarantee of some 721 million dollars, that this agency will serve as a substitute government, which is to say that all of our constitutional advancement that have been made, all of the ministerial duties and responsibilities, is in fact being taken away."
Mr Skelton-Cline was at the time doing what he calls his 10 minutes of commentary on his radio show, Honestly Speaking, aired Tuesday January 9, 2018 at 5:00 P.M. on ZBVI 780 AM.
He also highlighted that, according to the agreement, a chairperson is to be appointed and a chief officer or secretariat; the UK is to have an additional representative, on the board of the Agency and that Funds will be managed in a separate account under the authority of the chair of the board.
A substitute government?
It is usually the role of the ruling Government to manage the resources and finances of the country. This; however, will not be the case when the deal is sealed and implemented. At present there is no mention of a Budget outside of the estimated $721 Million that is in the recovery plan. If the Independent Recovery Agency Board is going to be managing that money then it goes to reason that they will be managing the territory.
This did not sit well with Mr Skelton-Cline, who said this is not a political matter but a constitutional one. "It has the import of constitutionality and our ability for self-determination. The blood, the sweat, the tears of our fore-parents, which some of them must be rolling over in their graves, to see that we have come to this place where we are even giving consideration for this kind of exchange."
$$ needed but not at all costs
Acknowledging that money is needed right now in order to rebuild the territory, Mr Skelton-Cline added that sacrificing the constitutional rights of the Territory is too high a cost and it should not be accepted.
"If that's the cost of the guarantee, if that's the cost of the money, that is something that costs too much. And we need to push back and say if you are going to take away our constitutional rights, if you are going to take away our capacity for dignity in the human beings that God has created us to be, keep your money."
He hastened to add, "It may take longer … at the end of the day if we still own our territory and own our land and own our hard assets, then I firmly and [will] be a supporter of one who says let's go that route. The cost of this kind of money is beyond mortgaging, it's really enslaving economically our children and grandchildren for years upon years to come."
Government should be ashamed
The former Managing Director of the BVI Ports Authority (BVIPA) said Premier Dr The Hon D. Orlando Smith and his government "should even be ashamed to bring this to us, the fact that this is even under consideration is abominable."
This is not the first time; however, that the NDP Government is coming under criticism for this agreement.
The Opposition Leader Hon Andrew A. Fahie (R1) reminded the House of Assembly in December 2017, that "the NDP has themselves to blame, as if they do not police themselves, someone will do it for you in a way you do not like."
Prior to that, two HoA Members, Hons Ronnie W. Skelton (AL), the Minister for Health and Social Development and Julian Fraser RA (R3), a former government minister, spoke out against the terms set out by the UK.
16 Responses to "$$$ needed but not at expense of constitutional rights- Claude O. Skelton-Cline"
wize up (10/01/2018, 18:04) Like (2) Dislike (15) Replylet's have Claude head up that board
Native son (10/01/2018, 21:22) Like (2) Dislike (0) ReplySo a number of issues that were really clouding the relationship with NDP and CSC have been cleared up.
Hmph (11/01/2018, 07:51) Like (3) Dislike (1) ReplyDidn't Claude spend more than that on the Pier Park?
Introspect (10/01/2018, 18:05) Like (20) Dislike (0) ReplyYes, NDP has no one but themselves and C$C to blame; two words, Pier Park. The pot has spoken.
Concerned (10/01/2018, 18:08) Like (25) Dislike (1) ReplyWe cannot escape U.K. over seeing us until we have a truely GOOD government. Not one that hides from transparancy, will not audit for years, over spends every contract, does no bid contracts that are not allowed, puts a loittle something in key voters/friends/own pockets (Omar Hodge said it, I just repeat). If we want freedom fro U.K. overseeing every move (of their dollars), then do as a good government should!!
LCS (10/01/2018, 20:24) Like (32) Dislike (3) ReplyIt's business;it's not political. And who would blame the UK if "they are very skeptical about leaving any of this money in the hands of this government because of the history of financial mismanagement, reckless spending and alleged corruption". Being wise.
Thank heavens above (10/01/2018, 20:24) Like (22) Dislike (0) ReplyI shudder to think of the funds being given without oversight. Thank goodness the UK will ensure that they are properly accounted for.
voter (10/01/2018, 21:43) Like (9) Dislike (1) ReplyThe sad thing is that, whomever tries to clean up the BVI like Claude, Mitch and Andrew is usually vilified
Why. (10/01/2018, 23:18) Like (5) Dislike (1) ReplyWhy is Mr. Claude concern. Why is this bother him when he is always beating up on this government for been selfish. Greedy and unfit...I say no more..
LOL (11/01/2018, 00:31) Like (6) Dislike (0) ReplyTake it or leave it
please (11/01/2018, 03:44) Like (14) Dislike (0) ReplyDo you think the citizens of the UK would be happy if their government just said we will guarantee $721 mil to theBVI and not have some say and control. Please get real, nothing to do with taking over the Bvi constitution just protecting themselves as any sensible guarantor would do
Flatbush USA (11/01/2018, 08:25) Like (12) Dislike (0) ReplyIt was with much awe ( and some anger ) listened to Dr. A Smith as he spoke about the many struggles our forefathers endured in the face of colonialism . This should concrete our pride for our territory. Such information should be readily available to all and should be accessed online.( forgive me if this has been done) The thing is though our past should a catalyst to make us a better people and should not be used by anyone person to create public panic and for political mileage. In this case if the UK are taking the actions they do today to prevent our present politicians from "stealing" and to encourage transparency i totally agree with them. As someone said we have brought such actions on ourselves.
Roadtownrebel (11/01/2018, 09:34) Like (3) Dislike (0) ReplyAir the laundry. Blow the whistle. some one have to do it. where the hell is the 4th district rep?????
pete (11/01/2018, 13:37) Like (8) Dislike (0) Replyhe was one of the biggest perps when it came to overspending with lack of transparency. He was one of the biggest factors that UK doesn't trust BVI now. And NO audits on PP or government in general. Why should UK trust when BVI has not been trust-worthy? Now they want to revisit the airport, a new project when there is such need to fix old infrastructure? They don't make good decisions. Not even "free" ferry dock is realistic. Independence will only come when BVI can PROVE they are trust worthy and responsible and not petulant children wanting their way. Fast, cheap and easy is a myth.
jokes (11/01/2018, 10:08) Like (9) Dislike (0) Reply
Claude spent most of his time in the USA. Do you think the USVI can take Federal funding provided by the USA and do what they want with it? Stop acting like you didn't go to school man! If monies are provided for a purpose there is nothing wrong with proper controls being put in place to ensure that the monies are spent properly. The people of the BVI have long deserved proper roads, schools, police stations, clinics, hospitals and way of life on a whole. Thank GOD for Irma that we may finally get these things after electing clowns for the past 20+ years. Unbelievable that people still have this mentality "give me your money and leave us the #$%& alone...". This is the real world! Here is as kicker, for the past 10 years the BVI has spent over $3BILLION USD. $3BILLION! Let that sink in! Look around and tell me even pre-Irma if the BVI looked anywhere near a Territory where that much money was spent.
LCS (11/01/2018, 17:20) Like (0) Dislike (0) ReplyTo that you can add the 2010 debt of the BVI was 440 million USD. Wonder how much is now? Anyone knows? Just curious.


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Starting in beautiful Klyde Warren Park, runners and walkers will enjoy a 5K route through Uptown Dallas, finishing back in Klyde Warren Park for a post-race celebration.
APRIL 12 - APRIL 13 | Packet Pick-Up
APRIL 14 - 7:00AM | Race Day Registration Open
APRIL 14 - 8:00AM | Most Good 5K Begins
APRIL 14 - 8:15AM | Post Race Party Open
APRIL 14 - 9:15AM | Runner Awards Ceremony
APRIL 14 - 9:45AM | Team and Fundraising Awards
Register by yourself or as a team! There are some great fundraising opportunities, but do it early! There are a limited number of entries per category!
Registering, Step-by-Step
Register as
an individual
Flag down a few
of your friends
Create a team together
and get ready for a great time!
There are plenty of prizes up fro grabs at this year's event! Everything from Largest Team to Overall Winners!
Age Group Top 3 // Male & Female
1-14 // 15-19 // 20-29 // 30-39 // 40-49 // 50-59 // 60-69 // 70+
Largest Team
Top Fundraiser
Overall Top 3 // Male & Female
To pick up your packet, Come visit at: RunOn!
11811 Preston Rd., Dallas, TX 75230
Thursday 4/12 & Friday 4/13
Ready to run? Check out the parking map below and how Klyde Warren Park will be laid out for your enjoyment!
+ Underground Parking
+ Ground Level Parking
Ace Parking [2002 Ross - 800 Harwood - 800 Olive]
Central Parking [2100 Ross]
Hall Arts Center Parking [2300 and 2318 Ross]
One Arts Plaza Parking [1722 Routh]
Platinum Parking [2500 Ross]
Parking of America [2430 Ross]
Star Parking [2121 Flora]
+ Around Kyle Warren Park
2001 Federal St. (Corner of Harwood and Federal St.)
2015 Federal St. (Corner of Oliver St. and Federal St.)
714 Olive St. (in front of Plaza of The Americas)
734 Crockett St. (Corner of San Jacinto St. and Leonard St.)
2420 San Jacinto St. (Corner of San Jacinto St. and Jack Evans St.)
2402 San Jacinto St. (Corner of San Jacinto St. and Leonard St.)
2500 Ross Ave. (Corner of Ross Ave. and N. Hawkins St.)
2526 Ross Ave. (Corner of Ross Ave. and Routh St.)
719 Olive St. (Bryan Tower garage)
700 North Pearl St. (Plaza of The Americas garage)
300 Crescent Court (Rosewood Crescent Hotel)
+Public Transportation
Exit the Pearl/Arts District or St. Paul Stations to access the Arts District, then head North until you hit the Park. For more information or schedules, please visit DART.org.
Or take the McKinney Avenue Trolly. The historic trolley available to and from Uptown Dallas. For more information on routes and schedules, please visit MATA.org.
For information on bicycles and E-Frogs, click here.
Want to know more? Check out the information below for
more answer about The Most Good 5K!
Is the 5K Timed?
Yes. All registered runners who signed up and picked up their race packets for the 5K race will be timed via a B-tag system.
Is the course USATF certified?
Yes, the Most Good 5K is USATF Certified.
Can I pick up my packet on race day?
Yes, but participants are highly encouraged to pick up their packets during the designated packet pick up times. A friend or family member can pick up your packet with a copy of your event confirmation.
Where and when do I pick up my packet?
Please see the Packet Pick-up section.
Are there age group awards?
Yes, the ages groups will be 14 and under, 15-19 and every ten years until reaching 70.
Is the race open to walkers?
Yes, both the 5K distance is open to run or walk. Please be courteous of others and start at the back of the pack as to avoid any collisions.
Will you email me information closer to the event?
Yes, we will start to email updates one month prior to the event.
Should I be getting updates in my email inbox?
Please make sure you are checking your spam and promotions box as it is possible your security settings don't allow our emails to go to your inbox. You should start to receive emails a few weeks out from race day.
Is there an age minimum or maximum?
No, the race is open to all ages as long as the participant can run or walk on their own. Strollers and wheelchairs are allowed, but we ask that they start at the back of the pack.
Where are the port-o-johns located?
Port-o-johns will be located near the start / finish line. Additionally, the restrooms inside Klyde Warren Park will be available.
I can't run. Can I still get my packet?
Yes, please stop by the packet pick-up location to get your bib and gift bag. Remember, we encourage no race day packet pick-up.
I can't run. Can I get a refund or transfer my entry?
Unfortunately, all participant entries are non-transferable and non-refundable.
Can you mail me my packet?
Unfortunately, packets can only be picked up during the predetermined packet pick-up times.
I cannot find my name, but I'm positive I registered. Who do I contact?
You can verify your registration by clicking the link, logging onto your account, and clicking on the "my account" icon.
Are there turn-by-turn directions and road closure times posted?
Yes, please visit the Route section for more information.
Are strollers allowed at this event?
Yes, but we ask strollers to start in the back to avoid collisions.
8787 N Stemmons Fwy - Ste 800
Dallas, TX 75247
The Salvation Army, an international movement, is an evangelical part of the universal Christian Church. Its message is based on the Bible. Its ministry is motivated by the love of God. Its mission is to preach the gospel of Jesus Christ and to meet human needs in His name without discrimination.
© 2015 All rights reserved. The Salvation Army

subset: commoncrawl


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Learning to identify plants common in your locality not only helps you to make smarter choices when planning what to plant. It also allows you to connect more with your local environment. Woody plants, by definition, have tough stems that help the plant withstand harsh weather and remain throughout the year. Because of their permanence in the world around you, you may want to identify the woody plants that have taken up residence in your garden, yard or community.
Woody plants develop secondary growth in their stems, allowing them to survive for more than one season. Herbaceous plants, on the other hand, have soft, flexible stems and tend not to persist throughout the year. Although trees probably come to mind first when thinking of woody plants, this category also includes shrubs and vines, according to the University of Tennessee's Department of Plant Science.
Plant identification is inexpensive. At most, you'll need a hand lens for observing details on plants and notebook for recording your observations. Once you've collected information about the plant you want to identify, a field guide is the best place to turn for a beginner, according to naturalist Jim Conrad. Field guides provide photos or illustrations of species, as well as detailed descriptions and information on the plant's life cycle, range and habitat. Most public libraries have field guides relevant to their region.
You can observe many distinguishing details from a plant's leaves, so look at leaves first. The Peterson field guide "Eastern Trees" organizes around leaf type and arrangement. Leaves may be broad, needle-like or succulent. If a plant has broad leaves, note whether they emerge from the stem in pairs opposite each other, singly and alternating sides or in a circular pattern around the stem. Note, too, whether a leaf bud gives rise to a single leaf or multiple leaflets.
Other Details
Observe and note as many details as you can about the plant: its size and shape--some trees have sprawling canopies while others grow upright or in a globular shape--as well as color and texture of the bark. If the plant produces flowers, fruit or nuts, study the details of these too.
Notice the area around the plant also. Describe the plant's habitat, making sure its habitat and range match those for any possible species you identify in your field guide. For example, it is unlikely that you will find a swamp plant on a windswept rocky outcropping.


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Cucumbers have been recalled after reports of a potential bacterial contamination. L&M Companies the recall for its whole cucumber product after the FDA informed the company that at least some of their cucumbers Salmonella.
Do you have cucumbers in your fridge subject to this recall? The recalled cucumbers have been distributed in different areas, namely: New York, Nebraska, Indiana, Texas, Illinois, Tennessee, Wyoming, and Florida (where the problem was found).


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*** Winner of the Giveaway is Rachel McKinney ****
This is a review of Classic Knit Shawls, 20 Timeless Designs featuring Lace, Cables,and More, from Interweave Press. This book is a new collection of shawl patterns that have been previously published.
If you read Interweave Knits magazine, or have browsed through some Interweave books, some of these patterns might seem familiar. But that doesn't matter, because the editors have done a great job of collecting a wide variety of techniques and shapes and skill levels, so that anyone who wants to knit a shawl will find several items to please them.
The Collection includes different shapes, a variety of yarns, and various construction methods. Some are lacy, some are striped, some are in garter stitch.
If you've always wanted to try a different shape from the classic triangle shape, you will find plenty of options here. There are classic Shetland shawls, new modern styles and shapes, and some that don't feature lace at all. Truly there is something for everyone.
Here are a few that I really enjoyed looking at: Grand Army Plaza shawl by Melissa Wehrle This one is a lovely crescent shape with plenty of open lace work. It looks very drapey and easy to wear.
The Galax shawl has a wide curved shape with a sideways edging. It's the one on the cover.
There is one shawl that doesn't use lace – instead it's adorned with cables. It's called The Return Journey Shawl. If you're not so fond of lace, this one has a beautiful cable design to provide the interest. It's a very gentle triangle shape that looks really good worn a number of different ways.
Another one I liked was the Lale Shawl. This one is worked in DK weight yarn, so it's more substantial and a quicker knit than some of the others. It features a pretty lace trim.
This book is perfect for someone who loves to knit shawls and wants to try something different. There are plenty of options and loads of new techniques to try.
Interweave has done its usual good job with beautiful photography, comprehensive and clear instructions for special stitches or techniques, and a very appealing layout.
If you are a shawl lover, you will enjoy this book.
Disclosure: I received a review copy of this book from F+W Media.
Now for the giveaway information. If you post a comment on this blog entry stating which pattern is your favorite, and sign up for my newsletter, you will be entered into a giveaway to win your own copy of this book, plus I might just throw in a skein of beautiful yarn from my large stash.
Be sure to give a Ravelry ID, or an email address -- or even your Instagram handle will do -- so that if you win I have a way to contact you! Don't forget!
I will select a name in 2 weeks time, on July 24.
Project Bags!
I have to show my latest bag, for sale in my Etsy shop. The Medium sized (or Large) Project bag is made from high quality fabric from the famous Marimekko fabric company. I bought this fabric myself to make drapes and I had leftover fabric :-)
Choose Drawstring or Zipper style
This bag is designed with your hectic life in mind. It lets you knit wherever you are: as a passenger in the car, on a plane, in a doctor's waiting room - anywhere. It easily holds up 4 full 100g balls of yarn (Medium) or 7 balls (Large), plus your work in progress.
The convenient size holds most small and medium sized projects - or large projects, with the Large size bag. It has interfacing for firmness so the bag stands up nicely.
Treat yourself to something durable, convenient and pretty. You'll enjoy the beautiful print as you work away with this attractive bag.
Perfect for gifts, travel, and many other uses!
Protect your work from pets, dust, and kids.
For a limited time, use code GOODSTUFF5 to get $5.00 off your purchase.
That's all for today! See you all next time.
P.S. Don't forget to sign up for my newsletter to stay informed of future giveaways, knitting tips, test knits, and pattern news.


text:
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During our Youth Services/classes, the goal is to learn about God in a fun, upbeat way that is both interesting and full of information for our Youth! During our meetings we have lessons that the youth can relate to – that they can become closer to God through; lessons on things like peer pressure from Daniel 3, and courage using the story of David and Goliath. We studied on how we should let our light shine for the Glory of God on October 31st. Which most certainly involved carving pumpkins! Also, we just finished a six week study on Jesus' life, which included a video series for every lesson and ended with a lesson on biblical food… and of course we had to try all the food ourselves! Now we are working on our Youth's Christmas Worship Service which involves your traditional Christian Christmas songs but with a modern musical twist! So as we continue on towards and into the next year, we will have lots of fun activities, lessons, and events.
I would like to add that if you and/or your child(ren) do not have transportation and would like to attend church, feel free to contact us and we can arrange for you to be picked up in the church van.


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A group of men dressed in balaclavas have raided a store in Leeds city centre tonight.
A group of between three and five men carrying weapons raided Watch Finder at the Victoria Quarter in Leeds at about 6.46pm.
Police received various reports about weapons the men were carrying, but some reports to the police from members of the public suggested that the men were carrying firearms.
A spokesman for Victoria Leeds said the men were not carrying firearms, while a spokesman for WatchFinder told the YEP 'reports suggesting the men were armed cannot be verified'.
The store was open at the time and two staff were inside.
A large quantity of jewellery was stolen and the men made off from the scene in a high-powered blue Audi in the direction of East Gate.
West Yorkshire Police were called and attended the scene immediately.
A spokesman for the force said: "A large quantity of jewellery was stolen and an investigation is ongoing to identify the suspects.
"At this time we are still in the process of the investigation."
If you have any information, please call police on 101 or Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111
A spokesman for Victoria Leeds said: "We can confirm that an incident took place earlier this evening at Watch Finder.
"Police responded immediately and our team has been supporting them with their investigation. We can confirm that no employees or customers were injured during the incident."


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Klaxons cover of Suicide
Im not sure what to make of their cover of 'Sweetheart' by Suicide. Its either genius or just creepy. They both literally sound EXACTLY the same which im pretty sure is intentional. Its spooky how identical their cover is. Anybody know something i dont?
I just listened to this on Youtube then listened to the original on Spotify,
both the same track.
They are dire
prancing about with big hair and brightly coloured clothes a good band does not make. Gravity's Rainbow = class, Atlantis to Interzone = class, Not Over Yet = class. Xan Valleys EP = promising.
The album was dire and the only good songs where the singles that had been released before it came out (sign of a shitty record if you ask me)
Re releasing 'gravitys rainbow' THREE times as a single = lame
bragging about taking LSD before playing that show with rhianna = lame
Trying to scrape some post-new-rave credibility by covering Suicide and just copying it EXACTLY = lame
That dickhead with the biggest hair following lovefoxxx around the world like a lost puppy (i spotted him at ATP) = lame
Having your album shelved because it was shit = shit
i could probably go on
i think the idea
is to subvert the very idea of a cover version. the band have compared it to photorealism in painting - the idea that it takes more skill to copy something exactly and perfectly than to interpret it differently. which is a nice idea, and done very well - they are almost identical. unfortunately it makes for a really boring cover version.
sadly yeah
i kind of wanted to hear what they'd do with it, there's some really nice versions in that series.


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Just hooked up a printer to my Shopbot computer, in the Shopbot / ecabinets link I would like to keep using the Avery 5366 labels but I don not see that label listed - I have a 30252_Address.rpt and that prints single wide labels.
Can I add the Avery 5366 to the directory somehow?
Print lables in shopbot link
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It's was historic day that had Britain vote to leave the European Union, David Cameron resign as British Prime Minister, the British Pound drop 12% overnight and world stock markets go absolutely crazy.
All in all it was a very busy day!
There are numerous things I find absolutely fascinating about Britain's decision to leave the EU and the hysterics surrounding it. First and foremost is that nobody thought it would happen and everybody was shocked when it did.
The problem, my dear Brutus, lies not with the stars but with ourselves.
This describes the problem with the European Union quite perfectly. Whatever glorious intentions the founders of the European Union envisioned have a century ago they clearly never foresaw their Union overtaken by the bureaucracy they founded.
Mere citizens in Britain are angry, just as they are elsewhere in the world. On Thursday they took that anger out on the European Union.
What an excellent start. And that's precisely what it might be. A start.
Within hours of the final decision mere citizens in The Netherlands, Italy, France, Sweden, Belgium, Poland, Germany, Spain and Hungary and were already calling for their own nation's exit votes.
British Prime Minister David Cameron refuses to actually trigger Article 50 of The Lisbon Treaty, which would formally begin the process of taking Britain out of the EU, saying instead
"A negotiation with the European Union will need to begin under a new Prime Minister, and I think it is right that this new Prime Minister takes the decision about when to trigger Article 50 and start the formal and legal process of leaving the EU. I will attend the European Council next week to explain the decision the British people have taken and my own decision."
Clearly Cameron was shocked at the final result, but he shouldn't have been surprised at all. For years Cameron has publicly called for an end to what he refers to as the "bureaucratic nonsense" emanating from the European Union.
Instead of dealing with the issues a body like the EU ought to deal with, the petty bureaucrats inhabiting the EU decided upon another more odious vision. They would rename everything they disliked and enforce petty and arbitrary rules on the mere peasants who paid their salaries.
Regulating fruits with "abnormal curvature"? Commission Regulation (EC) 2257/94 dictates bananas must be "free from malformation or abnormal curvature". Whatever that might mean. At no point does the EU define "abnormal curvature".
Then there's cucumbers... where the EU dictates what is and is not allowed for that poor vegetable. Commission Regulation (EEC) No 1677/88 dictates Class I and "Extra class" cucumbers are allowed a bend of 10mm per 10cm of length. Class II cucumbers can bend twice as much.
Can you imagine passing a regulation that says you cannot call jam… jam? That's the case for Clippy McKenna's line of jams. The EU explained her products did not contain enough sugar to qualify for the "jam" title. She couldn't call it "reduced sugar jam" either. The EU dictates "jam" must contain 60% or more sugar and "reduced sugar jam" must contain 50% or less sugar. McKenna's jam contains 53-54% sugar, leaving her in a no-jam-name quagmire.
"This is nonsense as we have been backed into a corner over what to call our products, which are made to my much-loved jam recipe. We've already had to re-label everything once at the behest of the EU and now we are being told that we are still wrong. What are we supposed to call our jams?"
Yes, the petty bureaucrats in Brussels want to micro-manage every detail of your life. Thank God the Brits came to their senses and voted to get out of that nightmare.
I can't wait to see who is next .


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At West Coast Labels, we specialize in promotional and advertising labels, stickers, and decals for an incredibly diverse range of products that includes health and beauty products, beverages, food and produce, nutraceutical/pharmaceutical products, and industrial products. Our highly trained personnel utilizes the latest design software with state-of-the-art digital and flexo printing technology with premium quality materials, such as label substrates, inks, varnishes and coatings. Throughout production, we follow strict quality control processes and perform careful inspection of your labels prior to delivery.
With family-owned West Coast Labels, you'll be sure to get functional and attractive labels at competitive prices with unparalleled service. To obtain a free quote for your label order in Beverly Hills, call now. We can handle printing jobs of any quantity and accommodate short turnaround times.
West Coast Labels offers Beverly Hills companies that work in the health and beauty industry with cost-effective, custom labels, stickers and decals of exceptional quality. We have thousands of satisfied customers who rave about our personalized service, knowledgeable staff, and quick turnaround times. Combined with our wide range of label options, from diverse substrates to specialized adhesives and coatings, and state-of-the-art printing presses, we are able to achieve impressive results. Our health and beauty product labels look great, withstand a variety of conditions, and are long-lasting. Call today for a free quote.
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The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) has issued a strongly worded opinion (the Opinion) detailing nine general principles (the Principles) to support supervisory convergence in the context of the UK withdrawing from the EU.
The Opinion gives an indication of the regulatory direction of travel. In particular, the Principles provide a clear steer that ESMA will expect national regulators to apply significant substance requirements when assessing applications from UK regulated entities to establish an EU presence.
The Opinion will be of particular interest to UK regulated businesses in undertaking contingency planning in advance of Brexit.
What is the purpose of the Opinion?
The Opinion is addressed to the national competent authorities (NCAs) of those remaining 27 EU member states (the EU27), Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein. The Opinion considers, in particular, the AIFMD, the UCITS Directive, MiFID I and MiFID II.
ESMA states that the Opinion should be seen as a practical tool addressing the risks of regulatory and supervisory arbitrage that may arise in the context of a large volume of applications by firms seeking to relocate to the EU27. In particular, the Opinion aims to foster consistency in relation to authorisation, supervision and enforcement.
While acknowledging that the UK and EU27 may reach specific arrangements regarding their post-Brexit relationship, the Opinion assumes the UK will become a third country after it withdraws from the EU.
What is the significance of the Opinion?
Of potentially more significance than the content of the Principles (as set out below) is the tone and timing of the Opinion.
- One factor to note is the timing of the Opinion. It has been published just before formal negotiations are scheduled to begin. As negotiations commence, further opinions from the European regulators are to be expected. ESMA states that it intends to develop sector-specific opinions in areas such as those concerning asset managers, investment firms and secondary markets.
- In part, from a legal perspective, much of the Opinion merely restates the current rules that apply to NCAs. However, ESMA has drafted a strongly worded Opinion. The tone adopted, in part, can be interpreted as going beyond a statement of legal and regulatory requirements.
- For example, ESMA states that it expects NCAs to particularly scrutinise applications where it appears that an entity intends to pursue the greater part of its activities in other member states from the member state of authorisation. Some may view this statement as sitting uncomfortably with the fundamental principles of the single market, in particular, the freedom of movement and freedom of establishment.
- This is perhaps not surprising as, although an EU-wide regulator rather than a political institution, ESMA's stated objective is to protect the public interest by contributing to the short, medium and long-term stability and effectiveness of the financial system, for the Union economy, its citizens and businesses.
What are the Principles?
No automatic recognition of authorisations
- On the assumption that the UK will be treated as a "third country" after its withdrawal from the EU, new authorisations must be granted in full compliance with EU law in order to benefit from the EU passport – there will not be any automatic recognition of authorisations granted by the FCA. Entities are advised to begin applications without delay.
Authorisations granted by the EU27 should be rigorous and efficient
- EU regulators will require evidence that UK-based entities comply with relevant legislation and ESMA guidance. However, EU regulators may take aspects of the FCA's assessment into account where the requirements to be met are not impacted by relocation.
Objective reasons for relocating
- The entity must provide a clear justification for relocating to the relevant Member State. Authorisation in one Member State must not be chosen to evade stricter standards in force in another Member State (where, for example, the applicant conducts most of its business).
Avoidance of "letter-box" entities
- Regulators will reject any relocation request resulting in the creation of a "letter-box" entity (for instance, where extensive use of outsourcing and delegation is foreseen) with the intention of benefitting from an EU passport, while essentially performing all salient activities or functions outside the EU.
Strict conditions governing outsourcing and delegation
- Outsourcing and delegation to "third countries" will only be possible under strict conditions – EU regulated entities must remain fully responsible for the direction and control of outsourced or delegated functions. Outsourcing or delegation arrangements will be conditional on prior cooperation agreements between the relevant EU regulator and the FCA.
Substance requirements must be met
- EU regulators will require comprehensive information and access to all data related to outsourcing and delegation arrangements, and the ability to supervise them. Arrangements should not impact on business continuity, confidentiality and conflicts of interest. Also, activities that are essential to the proper functioning of the regulated entity, such as the substance of decision making, may not be outsourced or delegated outside the EU. Other important activities restricted from delegation include internal control functions, IT control infrastructure, risk assessment, compliance functions, key management functions and sector-specific functions.
Sound governance of EU entities
- Key executives of EU authorised entities must be employed in the Member State of establishment and work there to a degree proportionate to their envisaged role. The quality and presence of such executives will be assessed as part of the application process.
Oversight by NCAs
- EU regulators must be in a position to ensure the effective supervision of entities and application of the relevant legislation. In particular, with regard to outsourced or delegated activities, the EU regulator has the power to conduct on-site inspections without any prior authorisation.
Co-ordination to ensure effective monitoring by ESMA
- ESMA will establish a forum to allow EU regulators to report on and discuss cases of relocating UK market participants, with the aim of promoting consistent practice among regulators.
What steps can firms take now?
- Careful attention should be paid to developments in this area. The Opinion suggests that a minimalist approach to the substance of EU-based regulated entities when delegating post-Brexit will not be sufficient for ESMA.
- Firms intending to rely upon outsourcing and delegation to mitigate the impact of Brexit on their business would be well-advised to undertake a Brexit impact assessment (essentially, a Brexit planning "health check") taking into account the potential challenges the Opinion poses to Brexit contingency planning.


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SPIE volunteers and staff provide photonics demonstrations at the USA Science and Engineering Festival. Above, toward front, SPIE Early Career Professional Member Andrea Rosales-Garcia assists students in a demonstration.
WASHINGTON, D.C., and BELLINGHAM, Washington, USA -- Popular hands-on demonstrations of optics and photonics technology including lasers and next-generation lighting drew visitors to the SPIE booth at the USA Science and Engineering Festival in Washington, D.C., 28-29 April.
Hosted by Lockheed Martin in cooperation with more than 500 science organizations, the festival drew more than 150,000 visitors to the Walter E. Washington Convention Center over three days. SPIE, the international society for optics and photonics, was an Official Partner of the festival.
SPIE participated in the Festival Finale Expo kick-off with an invitation-only "Sneak Peek Friday" on 27 April for underserved schools, homeschoolers, military families, and House and Senate members.
The SPIE booth -- featuring a giant kaleidoscope, laser graffiti, and ultraviolet beads -- was one of more than 500 exhibits offering hands-on activities for students of all ages.
SPIE Three Rivers Student Chapter members Cody Shukis, Josh Turner, Matt Bradnan, and Kimberly Amaya helped staff the SPIE booth, along with Fellows Carmiña Londoño and Mike Postek and members Andrea Rosales-Garcia and Christopher Baldwin.
The USA Science and Engineering Festival supports the objectives of the Race to the Top initiative led by the U.S. Department of Education. The campaign emphasizes the need for:
SPIE programs target similar objectives to further STEM education (in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics). Among them:
The eyes have it: give-away flashing glasses offer their own lessons in optics.
Visitors to the SPIE booth experienced optics with the aid of a super-sized kaleidoscope.
SPIE is the international society for optics and photonics, a not-for-profit organization founded in 1955 to advance light-based technologies. The Society serves nearly 225,000 constituents from approximately 150 countries, offering conferences, continuing education, books, journals, and a digital library in support of interdisciplinary information exchange, professional growth, and patent precedent. SPIE provided over $2.5 million in support of education and outreach programs in 2011.
###Media Contact:Amy Nelson, Public Relations firstname.lastname@example.com+1 360 685 5478


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have a collection of Interior design ideas, photos and pictures and contemporary kitchen models for your inspiration.
These kitchen designs are fabulous and innovative. Looking forward to see more designs of yours.
Great post-pretty pictures! I am undergoing some Kitchen Remodeling in my NJ home and I am living in a huge mess! Seeing gorgeous pictures like these give me hope that this will all be worthwhile!
I would say simply awesome. I really liked the designs you have shared with public. Keep sharing these types of designs in future.
Nice blog! and nice design of kitchen, this type of kitchen make homes attractive.
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West Yorkshire Police have issued a statement on the Manchester terror attack.
In it, Assistant Chief Constable Angela Williams has called for unity and stressed that security is being reviewed for several planned events and 'large scale gatherings' in the area.
Assistant Chief Constable Angela Williams, of West Yorkshire Police, said: "I can't begin to imagine the pain people who have lost a loved one are going through right now and my thoughts are with those impacted by these terrible events
"The concert was supposed to be a fun and entertaining event but one that ended in a devastating way.
"What is important is that now we rally round and support each other to ensure those who intend to cause harm can never win.
"I am appealing directly to members of the community to remember and cherish the values that bring us together, especially in terms of adversity.
"Manchester is only a short drive away - such an attack impacts on all of us.
"As a Police Force we are already providing practical help and assistance to our colleagues in Greater Manchester Police and we stand together with them at this most difficult of times.
"Our number one priority is to keep the public safe and we have increased police patrols across West Yorkshire.
"This includes increased numbers of armed officers. They are at key locations and events to provide a highly visible presence.
"The aim of our increased patrols is to provide a reassuring presence to the communities we serve. I know this is concerning time but I want people to go about their daily business in a normal way, being alert but not alarmed.
"Understandably we have had enquiries about large-scale gatherings and events due to take place in West Yorkshire. We are currently reviewing the planned security for all such forthcoming events as part of our ongoing work.
"We are doing everything we can to protect the communities of West Yorkshire and this includes working with our partners.
"If you have concerns or see anything suspicious I would urge you to report it immediately to the Confidential Anti-Terrorist Hotline on 0800 789321. In an emergency always dial 999."


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There is some delay on my Birdman and Selma reviews, because unfortunately I've caught a virus and I'm sick in bed for some days recovering. I did manage to watch one movie on demand and that was 'Dear White People', which resulted quite interesting.
A social satire that follows the stories of four black students at an Ivy League college where controversy breaks out over a popular but offensive black-face party thrown by white students. With tongue planted firmly in cheek, the film explores racial identity in acutely-not-post-racial America while weaving a universal story of forging one's unique path in the world.
A master of observation, Justin Simien derived much of his script from his experiences at the predominantly white Chapman University and sites his influences as Spike Lee and Stanley Kubrick, and it has to be said that there are indeed echoes of these styles within this movie.
It would be very easy to misconstrue this film and take it as racist attack against white people. In fact, the first segment of the film before the plot thickens is filled with anger and seeming one sidedness which I believe is completely deliberate so as to incite an inflammatory reaction from the audience.
As I persevered with this movie, I began to see how incredibly perceptive it was to all angles of prejudice and concluded that it is actually a stroke of brilliance from a talented mind who is more than capable of seeing the big picture. When you see the big picture you can present a multidimensional interpretation. Therefore, in the spirit of true art, with a film such as this, people see whatever it is they want to see and that's the whole point of what this work is trying to communicate. This movie is not really about the struggle for equality between black and white people but more about human behavior and the lengths that people will go to get their own way. This desire is all inclusive of humanity and not reserved for particular races alone.
The film itself follows 4 individuals with similar needs but different agendas and examines their methods for getting what it is they think they want. However, as events run their course, each of them realize that they are actually seeking something completely different from what they imagined. In the end, the most angry and rebellious of the four, ironically and ridiculously called Sam White who plays an angry anti-white activist, just wants to be loved and accepted and doesn't really care that the man who loves her happens to be white; Lionel, the shy confused reporter who is a loner, becomes anarchic and gains inclusion, Coco, the fame seeking manipulator who will do most anything to get ahead, comes down to earth and lets go of her ambition and the only one who stays true to his role, for whom 'success' in the eyes of others is more important than any 'cause' is Troy.
This film is a fantastic send up of the rigid beliefs that keep people stuck in racist attitudes but the bottom line, which is demonstrated in the very last scene of the film, is money. Thus proving that when it comes to down to the wire, money speaks louder than colour and any other segregating belief, and that is why, in the secret circles of the extremely rich and powerful, you can be from Mars, with purple hair and green spots, and no-one will give a damn!
Another thing that has to be said is that the production design and cinematography were absolutely fantastic. There's a serious, Kubrickian formality and coldness to Dear White People. The sets and costumes are very precise, the performances are pronounced and formal, plus Simian uses classical music to give it this elevated, mannered calm.
Some negative points I can take out of this movie, is the pace in Act II which falls and drags a bit. Some characters were not folded as well as the rest. But the main problem really is during the midpoint of Act II as the movie deviates a bit from it's subject, especially with the sort-of romance between two black characters that really felt strange and misplaced.
Dear White People gets a 7.5/10.


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The average pay for an Assistant Brand Manager is {{pay}} per hour.
The average pay for an Assistant Brand Manager is €31,899 per year.
|€25,403 - €40,506
|€993 - €9,787
|Profit Sharing
|Total Pay (
XTotal Pay combines base annual salary or hourly wage, bonuses, profit sharing, tips, commissions, overtime pay and other forms of cash earnings, as applicable for this job. It does not include equity (stock) compensation, cash value of retirement benefits, or the value of other non-cash benefits (e.g. healthcare).)
|€27,252 - €42,574
Job Description for Assistant Brand Manager
Assistant brand managers are responsible for all aspects of the marketing and branding of a product, line, and/or company. These responsibilities include a wide variety of activities, from wide-scope strategic planning of advertising campaigns to the day-to-day management of marketing activities. They contribute to the general strategic plan as designed by the brand manager and then use that plan as a guideline to implement specific marketing techniques. They analyze market and consumer research, as well as their competitor's marketing and product development, to update current strategies as well as establish new goals. Assistant brand managers also meet with clients to receive feedback on marketing efforts and branding ideas, as well as establish and enforce project budgets. Assistant brand managers' primary responsibility is to develop the best marketing campaign for a specific product, line, and/or company based on consumer perceptions, its purpose, and feedback generated by sales personnel and the client's wishes.Read More...
Assistant brand managers work primarily in an office environment during regular business hours, although overtime is a possibility as project deadlines approach. Frequent travel may be necessary, as client outreach and communication is essential to this position. They must meet often with the sales team, marketing team, and management to give updates on campaign progress and receive feedback to determine strategic changes.
Assistant brand managers are generally required to hold a bachelor's degree, usually in marketing or a related field. A master's of business administration (MBA) is often desired, although assistant brand managers may be encouraged to seek this degree while employed. In lieu of an MBA, two or more years of experience in marketing or a related field is required in most cases. (Copyright 2018 PayScale.com)
Assistant Brand Manager Tasks
- Aid in management of outside promotional agencies and inquiries.
- Research and analyze target markets, and trends to support the marketing programs.
- Participate in monitoring budget and the utilization of operational resources.
- Assist with conducting presentations to communicate strategic position.
- Assist in developing, defining and guiding the branding strategy for company.
Assistant Brand Manager Job Listings
Pay Difference by Location
Key Stats for Assistant Brand Manager
89 %
11 %


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Millboro, VA, US
Oct 28, 2018
Type: Adventure Racing - Regional
added by: adventureenabler
The Douthat Strong 8-hour adventure race is designed for a a full day of racing in one of Virginia's first and finest state parks! Douthat (pronounced "doubt-that," according to Virginia State Parks, but this seems to be up for debate!) Strong will have you paddling on the 50-acre lake, mountain biking on trails considered among the best mountain biking on the East Coast with its classic mix of rocky and fast singletrack, and trekking through some of Virginia's best backcountry, with almost every trail leading to an amazing vista. Nestled in the Allegheny Mountains of south central Virginia and surrounded by the George Washington National Forest, the park opened in 1936 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as one of the original state parks in Virginia, and its design played a large in park development across the United States. The Outside Family Vacation Guide named Douthat State Park one of the nation's 10 best.
The morning of the race, we'll give each team and soloists a map with checkpoints and a list of "Rules of Travel." Racers, as a soloist or as a team, will be provided a map and specific rules of travel and will have up to 8 hours to complete the adventure race. Sound like your kinda fun? Well, we don't doubt that!
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|Sep 13–16
|Shenandoah Tough
|Sep 23
|Willowsford Tenderfoot Adventure Race
|Oct 21
|GOALS ARA The Edge
|Oct 27–28
|Run Around The Gorge
|Oct 28
|Douthat Tenderfoot AR
|Nov 3
|Fig XVI
|Nov 10
|WAELAR Strong Adventure Race
|Nov 10–11
|WAELAR Epic Adventure Race
|Dec 1


text: Commentary: Should Preregistration of Epidemiologic Study Protocols Become Compulsory? Reflections and a CounterproposalLash, Timothy L.a,b; Vandenbroucke, Jan P.c,dEpidemiology: March 2012 - Volume 23 - Issue 2 - p 184–188 doi: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e318245c05b Perspectives Author InformationAuthors Article OutlineOutline Article MetricsMetrics From the aAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; bDivision of Public Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; cNetherlands Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and dDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. The authors reported no financial interests related to this research. Correspondence: Timothy L. Lash, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Olof Palmes Alle 43-45, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. The Flawed Analogy to Clinical Trial Protocols Prespecified Hypotheses are Unlikely to Improve Inference When Might Advance Specifications be Valuable? A Counter-proposal: Registration of Existing Data From Obse... CONCLUSION REFERENCES ACKNOWLEDGMENTS There is an ongoing debate regarding preregistration of epidemiologic study protocols.1 – 4 We examine the basic idea that preregistration of study protocols and their associated hypotheses would enhance the reliability of observational research. We define instances in which preregistration would be useful, and we support a counter-proposal: a public registry containing descriptions of collected epidemiologic data. A decision to institute compulsory preregistration of protocols for observational studies—to be enforced by editors and reviewers as sometimes suggested1 – 3—is not to be taken lightly, and should not be endorsed solely on the basis of an analogous system instituted for randomized trials. Negative reactions toward compulsory registration have been published elsewhere.5 – 12 Note that it is the compulsory preregistration of protocols that is most at issue. There are already mechanisms by which epidemiologists can voluntarily preregister their protocols,13 if they feel preregistration is advantageous. The open question is whether such preregistration should be required in order for observational research to be published in leading journals (assuming the same "enforcement" mechanism would be adopted as for clinical trials). We examine the validity of the analogy between randomized trials and observational studies with regard to the value of preregistering protocols. We then examine the idea that prespecification of a hypothesis enhances the credibility of results, and that avoidance of "false positives" should always be a primary concern. We discuss research settings when preregistration of an observational study protocol might be of value. Finally, as a counter-proposal, we support the establishment of a public registry of collected epidemiologic data, to include descriptions of the study sample, data elements, and the methods by which the data were collected. Such a registry would better accomplish some of the stated goals of protocol preregistration, such as securing public knowledge about ongoing epidemiologic research and providing a means to identify all potentially available evidence about a research topic. Back to Top | Article Outline The Flawed Analogy to Clinical Trial Protocols We urge epidemiologists to avoid being too hastily convinced by arguments about the proximity of our science to the science of randomized trials (eg, Williams et al13). It is perfectly possible that a system that has worked well for one might not work so well for the other, as noted by the editors of EPIDEMIOLOGY.14 For example, the strong calls to preregistration of trials15,16 focused on the importance of reporting all trial results pertaining to the initial motivation of the trial, as an obligation to both participants and to society. The original motivation was to counter the suppression of results, a goal with which we agree. In contrast, many of the commentaries in support of preregistration of protocols of observational studies have focused mainly on its purported utility in identifying false-positive associations that may arise because of deviations from a priori hypotheses and methods.1 – 3,17 That is, commentators see suppression or down-weighting of results as a public good—exactly the opposite of the motivation of trialists' registries. A further distinction between preregistration of trial protocols and preregistration of observational epidemiology study protocols is the wide gap between the practical requirements of successful implementation. First, would preregistration of observational studies have to occur before data collection and data set assembly, before data analysis, or before a publication is submitted for peer review? This question is easy to answer for a randomized trial—the protocol must be registered before the first subject is assigned to treatment by a randomization scheme15—but there is no such bright line in observational epidemiology. We can easily imagine that almost any order of hypothesis formulation, protocol writing, data collection and analysis, and protocol registration would be possible. Some possible orders of these aspects would seem to subvert some of the claimed benefits in separating a priori hypotheses from a posteriori hypotheses, but who would know the actual order of events? All possible sequences would appear the same at the time of manuscript submission, when the control of editors and reviewers is proposed to begin. Furthermore, the fact that all possible orders may sometimes be implemented benefits the productivity of epidemiologic research. For example, in secondary analyses of existing data sets or analysis of registry data, hypothesis formulation can be virtually coincident with a brief initial data examination (eg, to check whether a particular analysis is feasible before writing a grant). These practices improve the yield from our science, but would be inconsistent with the idea that study protocols should be registered before beginning a study and then adhered to rigidly. Second, when would a protocol revision require amendment of the preregistered protocol? Imagine a protocol to enroll a cohort of people diagnosed with cancer between 1985 and 2001. After preregistration and after the study has begun, the investigators learn that they can include study subjects through 2002. Should they amend the study protocol to improve the study's precision, or should they retain the original enrollment criterion to avoid the trouble of modifying the protocol? If they try to justify the marginal revision that took place after they had access to the data, will they risk being labeled as data dredgers? It seems inevitable that researchers will either be constantly updating their preregistered protocols, choosing less-than-optimal revisions to data collection or analysis methods,5,12 or hoping that incongruities go unnoticed or unpunished once the manuscript has been submitted. A last alternative, which we would never endorse but also seems inevitable, would be for the manuscript to incompletely describe the true methods of data collection and analysis so that the manuscript description aligns more closely with the protocol than with reality. This unintended consequence of compulsory preregistration would do more harm than good. These and other practical considerations must be resolved before implementing a policy requiring preregistration of epidemiology protocols and enforcement by editors and reviewers. It is inadequate to argue that trialists have managed to implement such a system, so observational epidemiology can also.13 Although some of these practical obstacles might be resolved, there is an even more important consideration: Is preregistration necessary for better science? Back to Top | Article Outline Prespecified Hypotheses are Unlikely to Improve Inference Proponents of compulsory protocol registration have argued that comparing the hypothesis in a preregistered protocol with its published result will help to evaluate the reliability of the findings.1 – 4,17 They have focused especially on the notion that preregistered protocols containing preregistered hypotheses provide a safeguard against selective reporting of some results (eg, statistically significant results) from among many generated results, and therefore reduce type I errors. We argue that the reliability of an inference regarding a particular hypothesis is a function of the quality of the designs and analyses of the studies included in the evidence base, in conjunction with the credibility of the associated hypothesis. These have nothing to do with prespecification of the hypothesis, preregistration, or how many other hypotheses were simultaneously evaluated.14,18 – 20 In fact, similar arguments concerning multiple comparisons were raised and dismissed 2 decades ago.21 (An exception is hypothesis scanning when decisions must be made about the allocation of resources.22) Yet this analogous and long-settled debate appears to have been lost from view by the proponents of protocol preregistration. It is sometimes regarded as self-evident that inferences based on results about prespecified hypotheses are more reliable. However, literature on the philosophy of science teaches us that there is no basis for a large difference in strength of posterior belief when evidence pertains to a prespecified hypothesis versus when it pertains to an equivalent hypothesis specified after viewing the data.23 What is more important is whether a study is designed as a "severe test" of a hypothesis,24 and whether the hypothesis has credibility from independent data or other branches of biologic science. Studies of prespecified hypotheses have 2 advantages in this regard over studies with hypotheses suggested by the data. First, a prespecified hypothesis should make a specific prediction about the expected data, which prediction is unlikely to be fulfilled if the hypothesis is false. For example, a prediction about the return of a comet at a given day and time is a very specific prediction and therefore a severe test of an underlying theory. However, a study's test of a hypothesis can be severe, even if the hypothesis was suggested, or followed from the data—as the comet example shows. Existing data that were not used to suggest the hypothesis—but are consistent with predictions from it—can also be regarded as a severe test. The process is the same whether a hypothesis was prespecified or suggested by the data: the more specific the comparison of the prediction and the existing data, the more unlikely it is that data would fit the hypothesis, were the hypothesis false. Prespecified hypotheses often seem more credible than hypotheses suggested by the data, which seems like an advantage. Prespecified hypotheses are usually the basis for funding support, and therefore often take little risk, invoke little imagination, and stray only a short distance from what is already well understood. Therefore, although they may be credible, data collection and results consistent with them yield only small incremental gains in knowledge. Hypotheses suggested by the data are not so constricted; they can take risks, invoke imagination, and stray a long distance from what is already well understood.25 Although many such hypotheses will eventually be refuted, those that gain support from accumulated evidence are often the ones that yield the largest gains in knowledge. In fact, new explanations in science often gain credibility most rapidly when they can explain previously observed data patterns that were theretofore not well understood.26 What seems to be happening is that the mantra of type I error avoidance, which has served randomized trials well, is now being carried over to observational research that has mostly other aims. However, the trial analogy again serves observational epidemiologic research poorly. Trials are designed to provide answers with the intent of directly informing decision making; ie, allocation of resources for submitting future patients to a specific treatment. In contrast, observational epidemiologic research is an exercise in measurement, with a slow accumulation of evidence from multiple scientific disciplines. When one removes the decision-making perspective from this debate, the concerns about balancing type 1 errors against type 2 errors disappear, at least with regard to the interpretation of single-study results. Scientific progress requires publication of those insights that might carry us forward.27 The best ideas that follow from a particular study will come from the insights of those who explore the consequences of the findings of the study, and who look for alternative explanations (like bias and confounding). When alternative explanations are ruled out in a credible way, observational epidemiologic data may do as well as trials in providing a basis for regulation. This process is incremental and often slow. Whether a particular hypothesis or analysis was prespecified plays little role in the process. Back to Top | Article Outline When Might Advance Specifications be Valuable? There are instances in which prespecification of a hypothesis might be important in observational research. Consider a heated controversy concerning a topic with large societal and economic consequences, in which conflicting results have been obtained, perhaps even by analyses from the same data. To make progress, this might be an instance in which stakeholders sit together beforehand to agree on a protocol that will convince everybody. The main purpose of such actions is not "prespecification"; however, it is to bind stakeholders (who may distrust the other's analyses) to a procedure they all trust. Back to Top | Article Outline A Counter-proposal: Registration of Existing Data From Observational Research We recognize that certain systems must be in place to organize and conduct epidemiologic research, including most importantly systems to ensure human subjects' protection, allocation of scarce research resources, and access to publication space. Emphatically, we do not propose that one should do research or analyze data without any protocol. Almost all science starts with a preconceived idea, and almost all scientific undertakings will have some protocol. In fact, it is impossible to observe something without having in mind what one would like to observe.28 We do not, however, endorse establishment of systems to organize and regulate ideas, including most importantly hypotheses, by compulsory preregistration of observational epidemiology protocols. As a counter-proposal, we suggest development of a publicly available registry that describes data already collected for observational studies of human subjects. This idea has been proposed elsewhere,2,3,10 but has received less attention than the idea of registering protocols. This registry would provide descriptions of the data with regard to the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study sample (eg, time, place, and common characteristics), the data elements, and the methods by which the data elements were collected. The goal of this registry would be to permit an independent investigator to determine by review of the registry, in combination with perhaps one specific inquiry to the data steward, whether the dataset could provide evidence pertinent to particular research topic. Examples of similar registries include the defunct IARC registry of cancer epidemiology studies29 and the current registry of European pharmacoepidemiology data resources (http://encepp.eu/encepp/resourcesDatabase.jsp). Such a registry meets important stated goals of earlier recommendations for preregistration of observational epidemiologic research. It secures public knowledge about ongoing epidemiologic research, it provides a means for identifying all potentially available evidence (eg, for meta-analysis), and it prevents unproductive duplication. Compared with preregistration of protocols with specific hypotheses, it actually achieves these goals more effectively. Registration of data collections allows determination of what actually could be done with the data, whereas a registry of protocols with specific hypotheses provides information only on what has been done or is being done with the data. The latter are subsets of the former, and thus less complete. Furthermore, registration of collected data should be simpler than registration of full protocols, should less often require amendment, and should allay fears that novel hypotheses will be stolen from registries before their registrants' can publish results—which is more likely when analyses are done on existing data. In contrast, compulsory preregistration of protocols, controlled by journals and reviewers, will inevitably dampen creativity in generating hypotheses, in revising research procedures during study conduct or data analysis (even when these revisions would improve the validity or precision of the resulting estimate), and in selecting research results that should be shared with others in publications. Back to Top | Article Outline CONCLUSION Instead of compulsory preregistration of epidemiologic protocols, we propose (a) a voluntary public registration of descriptions of the data available in observational studies, and (b) the use of existing registries for specific studies that aim at immediate decision-making. Decisions on publication should not be influenced by whether the study or the information about that study was preregistered. We also encourage more collegial debate on preregistration. Labeling entire fields of epidemiologic research as "monumental disasters"1 is unproductive, particularly without any accompanying illustration of how preregistration of protocols would have averted said "disasters." For example, we do not see how prespecification of hypotheses or preregistration of protocols would have avoided finding a "pseudo-protective" effect of hormone replacement therapy on myocardial infarction. In fact, in many of the pertinent studies, this association was among the prespecified aims that secured grant funding, so almost certainly, these hypotheses and protocols would have been preregistered. The preregistration would have lent even more credibility to the results, so it would not have averted the perceived "disaster." Likewise, citing criticisms of epidemiologic research30 – 32 without citing well-reasoned answers to those criticisms33 – 35 gives an incomplete view. Poorly grounded ethical appeals, incomplete analogies to registration of clinical trial protocols, and one-sided inspection of the contributions of our science to medicine and public health may lead to a rushed decision by medical editors on this topic, and ultimately box our science into a corner from which it will be difficult to escape. We owe each other better than that.Back to Top | Article Outline REFERENCES 1. Bracken MB. Pre-registration of epidemiology protocols: a commentary in support. Epidemiology. 2011;22:135–137. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 2. European Center for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals. Workshop: Enhancement of the Scientific Process and Transparency of Observational Epidemiology Studies. Workshop Report No. 18. Available at http://www.ecetoc.org/workshops. Cited Here... 3. Rushton L. Should protocols for observational research be registered? Occup Environ Med. 2011;68:84–86. Cited Here... 4. Editorial. Should protocols for observational research be registered? Lancet. 2010;375:348. Cited Here... 5. Sørensen HT, Rothman KJ. The prognosis for research. Br J Med. 2010;340. Cited Here... 6. Vandenbroucke JP. Registering observational research: second thoughts. Lancet. 2010;375:982–983. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 7. Samet JM. To register or not register. Epidemiology. 2010;21:610–611. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 8. Takkouche B, Norman G. Meta-analysis protocol registration: Sed quis custodiet ipsos custodies [But who will guard the guardians?] Epidemiology. 2010;21:614–615. Cited Here... 9. Lash TL. Pre-registration of study protocols is unlikely to improve the yield from our science, but other strategies might. Epidemiology. 2010;21:612–613. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed 10. Poole C. A vision of accessible epidemiology. Epidemiology. 2010;21:616–618. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 11. Vandenbroucke JP. Pre-registration of epidemiologic studies: an illfounded mix of ideas. Epidemiology. 2010;21:619–620. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 12. Pearce N. Registration of protocols for observational research is unnecessary and would do more harm than good. Occup Environ Med. 2011;68:86–88. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 13. Williams RJ, Tse T, Harlan WR, Zarin DA. Registration of observational studies: is it time? CMAJ. 2010;182:1638–1642. Cited Here... 14. The Editors. The registration of observational studies—when metaphors go bad. Epidemiology. 2010;21:607–609. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed 15. De Angelis C, Drazen JM, Frizelle FA, et al.. Clinical trial registration: a statement from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1250–1251. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 16. Krleza-Jeriæ K, Chan AW, Dickersin K, Sim I, Grimshaw J, Gluud C. Principles for international registration of protocol information and results from human trials of health related interventions: Ottawa statement (part 1). BMJ. 2005;330:956–958. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 17. Loder E, Groves T, MacAuley D. Registration of observational studies, The next step towards research transparency. BMJ. 2010;340:375–376. Cited Here... 18. Cole P. The hypothesis generating machine. Epidemiology. 1993;4:271–273. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 19. Michels KB, Rosner BA. Data trawling: to fish or not to fish. Lancet. 1996;348:1152–1153. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 20. Savitz DA. Commentary: prior specification of hypotheses: cause or just correlate of informative studies. Int J Epidemiol. 2001;30:957–958. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 21. Rothman KJ. No adjustments are needed for multiple comparisons. Epidemiology. 1990;1:43–46. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 22. Greenland S, Robins JM. Empirical-Bayes adjustments for multiple comparisons are sometimes useful. Epidemiology. 1991;2:244–251. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 23. Lipton P. Testing hypotheses: prediction and prejudice. Science. 2005;307:219–221. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 24. Katzav JK. Should we assess climate model predictions in light of severe tests? Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. 2011;92:195. Cited Here... 25. Parascandola M. Epistemic risk: empirical science and the fear of being wrong. Law Probab Risk. 2010;9:201–214. Cited Here... 26. Brush SG. Accommodation or prediction? Science. 2005;308:1409–1412. Cited Here... 27. Medawar 4PB. "Is the scientific paper a fraud?" In: Medawar PB, The Threat and the Glory: Reflections on Science and Scientists. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1991:228–233. Cited Here... 28. Popper KR. Objective Knowledge. An evolutionary approach. Revised edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1979;259. Cited Here... 29. Sankaranarayanan R, Wahrendorf J, D 233 maret E, eds. Directory of On-Going Research in Cancer Epidemiology 1996. IARC Scientific Publication No. 137. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 1996. Cited Here... 30. Taubes G. Epidemiology faces its limits. Science. 1995;269:164–169. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 31. Ioannidis JP. Why most published research findings are false. PLoS Med. 2005;8:e214. Cited Here... 32. Boffetta P, McLaughlin JK, La Vecchia C, Tarone RE, Lipworth L, Blot WJ. False-positive results in cancer epidemiology: a plea for epistemological modesty. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008;100:988–995. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 33. Wynder EL. Invited commentary: response to science article, "Epidemiology faces its limits." Am J Epidemiol. 1996;143:747–749. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 34. Goodman S, Greenland S. Why most published research findings are false: problems in the analysis. PLoS Med. 2007;4:e168. Cited Here... | PubMed 35. Blair A, Saracci R, Vineis P, et al.. Epidemiology, public health, and the rhetoric of false positives. Environ Health Perspect. 2009;117:1809–1813. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef Back to Top | Article Outline ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We appreciate very helpful discussions with Charles Poole in an early phase of writing the paper. We also acknowledge critical comments by Henrik Toft Sørensen, Neil Pearce, Ken Rothman, Peter Gøtzsche, Myriam Cevallos, and Paolo Vineis. All opinions expressed in this are ours.© 2012 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.


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|Unit History Project
34th Regiment
Of this regiment, not in existence at this date, a part went into the volunteer service in 1861, as the nucleus of the 98th Volunteer Regiment.
See here for a brief history of the State Militia / National Guard.
Back to Civil War Infantry Units
New York State Division of Military and Naval Affairs: Military History